A11100 TTMM37

NBSIR 81-2282 (R) Issued May 1 981

Technical Training

for

Measurement Practitioners

Conference Report

January 12 and 13, 1981

Edited by

Lee J. Phillips

Albert D. Tholen

4—QC—

100

. U56

31-2282

1981

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ATIQAAX BURRa i 09 WANDA RllS LIBRARV JUL 2 0 1981

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NBSIR 81-2282 (R) Issued May 1981

Technical Training

for

Measurement Practitioners

Conference Report

January 12 and 13, 1981

Edited by

Lee J. Phillips

Albert D. Tholen

Acknowledgments

The editors express their gratitude to all who assisted in the

preparation of this conference report. Those who presented papers

and led and participated in the workshop discussions were especially

cooperative in responding to the requests of the editors.

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction: tee J. PhaZtip^ 1

Agenda for the Conference 3

Conference Objectives: tee J. PkittipA 7

General Sessions 8

Opening Remarks and Welcome: James A. Baadley 9

"Give Me a Dime's Worth": Reagan l/. Baown 12

"Training Needs: Fact or Fiction": klbojvt V. Tholen 14

"Training the Weights and Measures Official: A Priority

of Weights and Measures Administration": Edwasid. H. Stadolnlk 21

"N.S.M.A. Believes Consumers Need and Demand 25

Professionalism": Ray Canfield [patented by WUJLLam F. Mdcol)

Workshop A: Government Regulatory Officials

List of Participants 26

Workshop A Report: "Technical Training for

Measurement Practitioners in a Government

Regulatory Career" 27

List of Training Modules 30

Workshop B: Measurement Laboratories (List of Participants) 37

Workshop B Report: "Measurement Laboratories" 38

Basic Laboratory Metrology Seminar Outline - Mass 41

Intermediate Laboratory Metrology Seminar Outline (Tentative) 45

Measurement Laboratories Report - Amendium for State Labs 48
Workshop C: The Weighing Industry (List of Participants) 49

Prepared Presentation: Ric.la.aAd HuAicy 50

Workshop C Report: "The Weighing Industry" 62

Workshop Report Outl ine 64

Name and Affiliation 67

Workshop D: The Measuring Industry (List of Participants) 68

Workshop D: "The Measuring Industry" 69

Workshop E: The Food Processing and Packaging

Industry (List of Participants) 74

Workshop E: "The Food Processing and Packaging Industry" 75

Conference Analysis: Lloyd FTXc 80

Appendix A: Conference Participants

Alphabetical 89

Zip Code Order 95

Appendix B: The Texas Engineering Extension Service 103

Appendix C: Workshop Guide 115
Introduction

On January 12 and 13, 1981, more than 80 persons--State and local

weights and measures officials, representati ves from Federal agencies,

university and educational staff members, and industry and business

leaders and staff--assembl ed on the campus of Texas A&M University for

a Conference on "Technical Training for Measurement Practitioners."

The Conference provided an opportunity for the exchange of ideas,

beliefs, and positions regarding the needs for technical training by

practi tioners of weights and measures activities in government agencies

and associated private sector organizations. These discussions and

exchanges took place in five concurrent workshops:

Government Regulatory Officials;

Measurement Laboratories

;

The Weighing Industry;

The Measuring Industry; and

The Food Processing and Packaging Industry.

The opening session featured a keynote address by Commissioner

Reagan V. Brown plus presentations by: James R. Bradley, Director of

the Texas Engineering Extension Service; Albert D. Tholen, Chief of

the Office of Weights and Measures, National Bureau of Standards; and

Edward H. Stadolnik, Chairman of the National Conference on Weights

and Measures. A second plenary session on January 13 featured presentations by: John Armstrong, Chief of the Weights and Measures Division

from Canada; and William Nicol, President of Nicol Scale.

The five workshops were moderated by: Charles Forrester,

Supervisor of Weights and Measures, Texas; Henry Oppermann, Office of

Weights and Measures, National Bureau of Standards; Thomas Stabler,

Manager of Weights and Measures, Toledo Scale Co.; Walter F. Gerdom,

Manager of Technical Services, Tokheim Corporation; and Chip Kloos,

Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc. Overall planning for and support of the

Conference were coordinated by Lee Phillips, Assistant Director of the

Texas Engineering Extension Service (TEEX).

Included in these proceedings are the texts of several of the

presentations, workshop reports, and evaluation of the Conference.

1
The Conference (and this report) was organized and conducted under

the joint sponsorship of the Office of Weights and Measures, National

Bureau of Standards, and the Texas Engineering Extension Service.

Cooperating in support of the Conference were the National Conference

on Weights and Measures, the National Conference of Standards

Laboratories, and the National Scale Men's Association-Texas Division.

It is the hope that results of the Conference will add to the effective

development and establishment of permanent, educational training

programs for measurement practi tioners both in and out of government.

February 1981 Lee J. Phillips

Albert D. Tholen
Agenda for the Conference

Sunday, January 11

1 :00 p.m.-5:00 p.m.

Registration

2nd Floor, Rudder Tower

6:00 p.m. -9:00 p.m.

Reception

Ballroom B, Ramada Inn

(Transportation provided between

Aggieland Inn, Holiday Inn South,

Memorial Student Center, and

Ramada Inn)

Monday, January 12

7:30 a. m. -12:00 noon Registration

2nd Floor, Rudder Tower

8:30 a.m. Room 701, Rudder Tower

Welcome to Texas A&M and the

Texas Engineering Extension

Service

James R. Bradley, Director

Texas Engineering Extension

Servi ce

9:30 a.m. "Training Needs: Fact or Fiction?"

Albert D. Tholen, Chief

Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

10:00 a .m. Break

10:30 a.m. "Training the Weights and Official--

A Priority of Weights and Measures

Administration"

Edward H. Stadolnik, Chairman

National Conference on Weights

and Measures

3
11:00 a.m.The Workshop Objectives

Lee J. Phillips, Assistant Director

Texas Engineering Extension Service

1 1 : 30 a .m. Lunch

1 :00 p.m. Concurrent Workshops

GOVERNMENT REGULATORY OFFICIALS

Room 301

Moderator: Charles Forester

Speakers: Stan Darsey

Joe Swanson

MEASUREMENT LABORATORIES

Room 401

Moderator: Henry V. Oppermann

Speakers: Gerald Berman

Herb Eskew

THE WEIGHING INDUSTRY

Room 308

Moderator: Walter F. Gerdom

THE FOOD PROCESSING AND PACKAGING INDUSTRY

Room 404

Moderator: Chip Kloos

Speaker: Ed E. Wolski

7:00 p.m. Conference Buffet

Room 201, Memorial Student Center

(Transportation provided between

Aggieland Inn, Holiday Inn South,

Ramada Inn, and Memorial Student Center)

Tuesday, January 1

3

8:30 a.m. Room 701, Rudder Tower

"The Canadian Experience"

John Armstrong, Chief

Weights and Measures Division

Legal Metrology Branch

Consumer Standards Directorate

Ottawa, Canada

4
9:30 a .m

1 0 :00a .m

1 1 : 30a .

m

1 :00 p.m

2:30 p.m

3:00 p.m

. "N.S.M.A. Believes Consumers Need

and Demand Professionalism and

Professionalism is Obtained by

Education and Training" - Ray C. Canfield

Presented by William F. Nicol,

President, Nicol Scales, Inc.

. Workshops Continue through the

Morning (same rooms as Monday)

. Lunch

. Workshop Moderators Begin

Summary of Discussion

. Conference Wrap-up

Room 701

. Summaries to Stenographers

Room 305A

5

Conference Objectives

Lee J. Phillips

Assistant Director, TEEX

It is hoped that this Conference will be a unique and profitable

experience for everyone in attendance. Unique in that the staff of

the Texas Engineering Extension Service will be listening to the

participants and learning of the needs of your profession; profitable

in that the information coming from this meeting should lead to the

design of an education and training program that will directly benefit

weights and measures officials, manufacturers and service personnel,

and users.

Most of us would expect to return to an educational institution

to be brought up to date on the latest developments in our field or

to learn a new aspect of our profess-ion. However, for the next two

days, the administration and staffs of the Texas Engineering Extension

Service and the Office of Weights and Measures, National Bureau of

Standards will be learning from you. In each of the five concurrent

workshops, there will be a representati ve from both staffs. They will

be responsible for recording the proceedings of your meeting. They

will be interested in what you say is needed in the field, in the

lab, and in the office. They will be interested in past and current

efforts regarding training and education--what has made it successful

as well as what has not been successful. To support your deliberations

we have a full administrative support staff in the form of student

assistants in each workshop, a conference coordinator, and stenographic

and copy service.

At the conclusion of the conference, a written summary will be

prepared by each moderator. From that summary, the Texas Engineering

Extension Service and the Office of Weights and Measures staffs will

(1 ) attempt to determine the general acceptance or rejection of the

concept of a national training program, (2) develop a matrix of needs

based on the report of each workshop, (3) consolidate the needs into

proposed training modules, and (4) report to you, through a conference

report

.

For the next two days, it is our purpose to provide you an environment in which you can create an outline for an educational

service that would be a credit to your profession. The resource

people you may need are avai labl e--cal 1 on them. If problems arise--

call on me. We look forward to working with each of you.

7
GENERAL SESSIONS

Chai rman

:

Lee J. Phillips (AA6xx>tant Vxxzctoa, Tzxoa Englnzzxing

Extznblon Szxvlcz)

Speakers

:

James R. Bradley [Vlxzctox, Tzx.cu> Eng-in.zzxx.ng Extzn&lon Szxvlcz)

Reagan V. Brown (CommxA-ilonzx oft Agxlcaltuxz , Tzxax Vzpaxtmznt ofi Agxicultuxz)

Albert D. Tholen [Cklzfi, 06fix.cz ofi Weight* and Mzoauxza, National.

Buxzau. ofi Standaxdi)

Edward H. Stadolnik [Chcuxman, National Confizxzncz on WzlgktA and

Mzax>uxzx>

)

William Nicol (PxzAldznt, Nlcol Scalz Co.)

John Armstrong ( Cklzfi , WzlgktA and Mzai>uxz6 Division, ConAumzx

Afifialxs Vlxzctoxatz, Canada)

Staff Support (Texas Engineering Extension Service):

Sandy Clothier

Jeanette Hennigan

Joni Hennigan

Student Workers (Corps of Cadets, Texas A&M University):

Sam Haives

Bill Jones

Wes Klett

Wes Os burn

8
Opening Remarks and Welcome

James A. Bradley

It is a real pleasure for me to have the opportunity to welcome you

to the State of Texas, the Bryan-Col 1 ege Station community, and to Texas

A&M University. We have individuals representing many States and

Canada, and we hope you will take time to tour our campus and get

acquainted with some of our people who have a vital interest in your

program.

Texas A&M University is the land-grant university for the State of

Texas. Being the land-grant university, we have mandates that we must

follow from both the State and Federal Government. A land-grant university has the responsibi 1 i ty to provide academic programs, conduct

research, and provide public service programs to the citizens of the

State.

In Texas, the Texas A&M University System is composed of four

academic universities, the Agricultural and Engineering Experiment

Stations, the Agricultural and Engineering Extension Services, and the

Texas Forest Service. Texas A&M University, the major university in the

System, has a full-time enrollment of more than 33,000 students. This

student body is composed of approximately 3,000 in the Corps of Cadets,

24,000 civilian students, and 16,000 graduate students. There are ten

colleges representing many academic areas.

In the 1979-1980 fiscal year, through Texas A&M University and the

Experiment Stations, more than $65,000,000 worth of research and

$55,000,000 worth of public service were conducted.

The date of this conference was set one year ago when Mr. A1 Tholen

returned to our campus convinced that the Texas Engineering Extension

Service was the type of organization that could develop and deliver

practical technical training for those individuals involved in measurement practices.

As in all scientific and technical undertakings, change is an important challenge—and metrologists are seeing rapid change with the

introduction of electronics into so many instruments in measurements.

What Mr. Tholen was looking for--and what we think we have to offer--is

an organization and a philosophy dedicated to keeping individuals up-todate with changes in their area of specialization through the use of

formal training of a practical nature that stresses hands-on experience

and programs that can be taken to the user.

9
At this time, I invite your attention to a slide presentation which

will explain the nature of our organization and show you the many areas

of training we undertake. (Appendix B)

That is the Texas Engineering Extension Service as it exists today.

It is a constantly changing organi zation--changing to meet the needs of

people. We hope through the long hours of effort we have expended, in

cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards, that we will soon add

a dimension to our training for measurement practitioners. What we do

with regard to the development of a program will be largely in your

hands because this is a rather unique conference. After hearing leaders

from throughout your area of interests, you will be attending workshops

where the professional staff of our organization will be listening to

you telling them what should and should not be incorporated into a training program to meet your needs. We are asking for input from

Government regulatory officials, measurement laboratory specialists, the

weighing and measuring industry, and the food processing and packaging

industry. From what you say you want, our specialists will develop a program with guidance from the National Bureau of Standards and a Metrology Advisory Committee.

So I challenge you to work hard, let your feelings be known, and

feel free to call on any of us during the conference or afterwards. We

think our facilities will serve you well. Some of our outstanding

students will be in your workshops to see that you have what you need to

develop a meaningful report and to gain the experience of being involved

in the "real world" process of planning. I wish you every success.

Introduction of Commissioner Reagan Brown

It is my pleasure to introduce the keynote speaker who is a real

friend of the Texas A&M University System and a gentleman who is well

known throughout Texas and the United States.

Our speaker this morning is Reagan V. Brown, Texas Commissioner of

Agriculture. Commissioner Brown is known to be one of Texas's most

popular speakers. He has spoken in all 254 Texas counties and in 31

States. Commissioner Brown is one of the eight top elected officials in

Texas. His distinguished career includes more than 25 years with the

Texas A&M University System.

As Commissioner of Agriculture, he heads up one of the State's most

vital agencies. The Texas Department of Agriculture is responsible for

47 laws affecting weights and measures, environmental quality, marketing, seed certification, pesticide and nursery regulations, and consumer

information and protection. The famous Texas Agricultural Products

(TAP) marketing program is one of the department's outstanding projects.

Commissioner Brown's goal is to make Texas agriculture No. 1 in the

Nation.

10
An articulate and vigorous advocate for the family farmer and

rancher, he has been honored many times as one of America's most

forceful ambassadors for agriculture.

He was picked as Texas Man of the Year in Texas Agriculture by the

Progressive Farmer Magazine in 1968. He is one of the few who have been

honored twice by the Freedom Foundation of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

He is married and has two children and one grandson.

I am happy to present Reagan V. Brown--farm boy, writer, poet,

county agent, teacher. Special Assistant to the Governor, and now the

elected Texas Commissioner of Agriculture.

11
"Give Me a Dime's Worth"

Reagan V. Brown

Thank you, Doctor Bradley, for that kind introduction. It is a pleasure and an honor to be a part of this important, and timely,

project. As many of you know, Texas A&M is my alma mater. I have

been associated with this great university, and its many vital

extension activities, for over a quarter of a century.

I also am especially proud that you have called upon two of the

Texas Department of Agricul ture 1 s most knowledgeable and experienced

weights and measures professionals to head up workshops during this

conference. For those of you who have not met them, I'd like to

introduce Charles Forester, Supervisor of our Weights and Measures

Section, and Herb Eskew, Chief Metrologist at our Austin Laboratory.

I am confident that they will make an important contribution to this

conference, as we identify current and future training needs for

metrology personnel.

As many of you know, the Texas Department of Agriculture is this

State's primary enforcement agency in the area of weights and measures.

As such, we play an increasingly important, and increasingly complex,

role in guaranteeing equity in the marketplace. In this capacity,

our field personnel inspect and certify commercial devices ranging

from hopper scales in grain warehouses to motor fuel pumps. Last

fiscal year, TDA field inspectors performed over 504,000 weights and measures inspections for the people of Texas.

The Texas Department of Agriculture also is responsible for

maintaining the State's standards of mass, length, and volume, as well as registering scale and pump servicemen. We currently have some 1,398 registered servicemen in the State.

Since our involvement in the field of weights and measures is so great, we are particularly interested in the program being undertaken

here. Few would disagree that there has been an explosion of technology over the past two decades, leading to increasingly complex

equipment. I can remember when the concept of electronics was just a dream. Today, even the most common weighing and measuring devices are utilizing digital readouts, printed circuits, microprocessors and

minicomputers. . .supermarket scales, gasoline pumps, and even bathroom

scales are included.

12
I also feel there is a great need today for a means to keep

metrology professionals abreast of the rapid technological change that

is affecting the field of weights and measures. And, at the same time,

I feel that such programs should be standardized from State to State.

I feel that the realistic, common sense approach being taken here

to develop this type of program will go far toward meeting our needs

for the future. I commend the close cooperation of the Texas

Engineering Extension Service and the National Bureau of Standards.

I endorse their efforts fully, and pledge the continued cooperation

and assistance of the Texas Department of Agriculture.

13
"Training Needs: Fact or Fiction"

Albert D. Tholen

HISTORY AS PROLOGUE

Just a few months over twenty years ago, September 27, Dr. Martin

Mason, Dean of the George Washington School of Engineering, made an announcement in New York at the annual meeting of the Instrument Society

of America. He said that the Martin Company (now Martin Marietta

Corporation) and the National Bureau of Standards will establish the

Nation's first Institute of Measurement Science at George Washington

University. The University program was developed to award three

degrees, B.S., M.S., and doctorate in the science of metrology

(measurements)

.

Dr. McNish, then Chief of the NBS Metrology Division said:

"There has been nothing like it before in the field of

scientific measurement. The very security of our Nation

and the future vigor of science, industry, and commerce in

America all depend on it."

The importance of precision measurement was highlighted at that

time by the space program; by the apparent successes of the Russian

program vis-a-vis the halting progress of the United States program.

The Russians were perceived to be ahead of us in both measurement

science research and development; this perception was evidenced by

Sputnik.

Dr. Martin said:

"In 1956 the Soviets claimed they could make calibrations

of temperature measuring devices up to 6,000 degrees

Centigrade, and the five-year plan called for extending

this competence to 12,000 degrees by 1960. By contrast,

in 1956, the U.S. Bureau of Standards had reasonably

satisfactory means for providing temperature calibrations

of up to only 2,800 degrees."

He added that "today (1960), the NBS calibrations can go up to

4,200 degrees Centigrade, but that is still only about one-third of

Russian capabilities."

A great concern about lack of adequate progress in research and

development was highlighted in the media twenty years ago. General

agreement in the need to strengthen and reinvigorate our research

institutions was shared by our national leadership (including the

President and Congress) and supported by the public.

14
That education program, established with much fanfare and

acceptance twenty years ago, functioned successfully for nearly ten

years. The space program and the deep involvement of the Martin

Company in that program provided most of the motivation in terms of

funding and students.

Many other major changes were taking place in our national research

and development programs. One of particular importance to the National

Bureau of Standards was the acquisition of property for our new campus

in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and the subsequent construction of new facilities. We moved from our old campus in Washington, D.C., in the

mid- sixties.

NBS ROLE 1 AND THE NATIONAL SCENE

The National Bureau of Standards is a national physical science

and engineering laboratory. Our mission is to provide for the

Nation's measurement and standards needs by supporting such national

goal s as :

economic growth

equity in commerce

reasonable and equitable regulatory decision making

accuracy and compatabi 1 i ty in scientific communication

and technology transfer.

The Bureau of Standards may be unique as a Federal agency in

having an extremely broad mission that is relevant to nearly every

national problem area and economic sector. It has a diverse and

dispersed user community that includes nearly every user of

scientific and technical information in both the industrial and

governmental sectors.

The Bureau's basic measurements and standards work will continue

to be the area of first priority in funding and staffing because this

advanced work in fundamental measurement is the unique NBS mission and

it provides the knowledge and capabilities that are the foundations of

the more applied, problem solving efforts. To meet the needs of

modern technology, NBS is developing new measurement standards and

measurement protocols that can be maintained in the user's laboratory

or on the factory floor to calibrate instrumentation. Above all, NBS

Paraphrased from NBS LRP pp I -V 1

1

15
must continue to explore new ways to use the immutable laws of physics

to define the base units to even higher levels of accuracy to meet the

continually advancing needs of U.S. science and high technology.

Rapidly increasing applications of advanced electronics create

major demands for the improvement of measurement devices and measurement

methods through the i ncorporation of microprocessors . Internal and

external pressures will increase for development of capabilities to deal

with these developments.

Programs that contribute to the enhancement of U.S. industrial

productivity and innovation will experience significant growth in the

mid- to long-term future. Increasing recognition of the central role of

technology to our national economic well-being will mandate increasing

efforts to provide the measurement tools, materials understanding, and

underlying technological information needed by U.S. industry and commerce.

The amount and complexity of government regulation are putting

increasing pressure on the scientific and applied measurement capabilities that are the heart of much of our collective responsibilities.

NBS is deeply involved, as you will recognize, in researching and

developing new measurement technology . But our interest does not stop

at the laboratory door or with the published research paper. The value

of our efforts is really magnified as they are usefully and productively

applied by commercial, industrial, and government organizations. This

brings me to our meeting today and the present environment relating to

measurement science and practice.

MEASUREMENT NEEDS TODAY

I have taken this time to recount the past for several reasons.

First, we are meeting here today because we also are motivated to

strengthen and reinvigorate our national measurement science capabilities. Second, we believe that one basic way to do that is through

establishment of formal educational programs in measurement science at a leading university. Third, there is a national concern about the

industrial health of the United States; about our ability to compete

within our own borders with the industrial successes of the Japanese and

western European countries. Much is said about declines in productivity

and quality of products. We read about the decline of our steel, auto,

textile, television, and other industries.

Our political leaders are proposing programs for "reindustrialization" or "revitalization." Again, twenty years after we were making

plans to meet the challenge of Russian technical achievements, we now

are trying to meet the new challenges confronting us within our own marketplace.

16
Your program states that:

"Measurement technology has changed in the last

generation from simple mechanical and electrical

devices to sophisticated computerized systems."

Again, today, there is the widely held opinion that our "system" is

somehow falling behind; that something dramatic needs to be done. I share that opinion and I believe most of you do also. Others not here

today are trying to do something about it. Texas Congressman Phil

Gramm, in a letter to Congressman George Brown, Chairman of the House

Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology stated:

"The gap between the state of new electronic measurement

technologies and the ability of State and Federal officials

to monitor the accuracy of the new devices is widening and

will present major problems unless action is taken swiftly.

With the introduction of electronic devices to check out

groceries, compute gasoline and utility bills, and weigh

bulk goods, many new possibilities for costly errors and

consumer fraud have evolved."

In my opinion, there is at least one major difference between the

situation described by Dean Mason in 1960 and the situation today. He

depicted the basic problem then as being a lack of advancement in basic

measurement research; the Russian's calibration capability far exceeded

that of the United States. Without arguing that claim here, I do not

believe that the same problem exists today. Rather, our basic measurement research has been healthy and successful. The high quality and

productivity in other countries are partly a result of their adoption of

U.S. measurement technology.

In the United States, we seem to have been less successful in

transferring and adapting this technology into practice by our industry

and commerce. At least two areas must be strengthened:

1. Technology transfer mechanisms, and

2. Educational programs.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

Naturally, I am going to talk about the second, educational

programs, today. Throughout our industrial, university, and government

organizations, skills are needed for the transfer, adaption, and

implementation of the latest measurement science. My thesis is that

there are too few well educated measurement scientists, engineers, and

technicians working in our society today.

In these two days, you are going to assess the educational needs in

measurement science as you understand them. We at NBS are very much

interested in what you conclude. Assuming a generally positive outcome

tomorrow evening, we plan to work very closely with the university to

develop needed programs.

17
Let me comment on the prerequisites for success as I view them.

These views are somewhat influenced by the results of the earlier

George Washington University experience. You will recall that the

earlier program was:

1. sponsored by the university,

2. staffed largely by NBS professional staff,

3. funded by the Martin Company.

The program was successful for nearly ten years. However, when

the Martin Company became Martin Marietta and moved to Atlanta (which

somewhat coincided with the Martin Company having put their candidates

through the program), the student body and financial support were no longer adequate.

Therefore, we have concluded that:

1. The program must be university based, operated, and staffed

(and therefore will have been established only after the

school is convinced of an adequate source of students, long

term need, and funding), and

2. The study body must come from a large number of sources.

I'd like to suggest some criteria to be used to determine a need

for such a program.

PREREQUISITES

The development of a Measurement Science Educational Program

should have the following prerequi si tes

:

1. Establish that there is a need for a quality education

program and a sufficient number of potential students to

support the program.

2. There should be a sincere desire on the part of decision

makers to provide a continuing program of education and

training that will offer career development opportunities

for all personnel interested in measurement science and

related fields.

3. Industry and government must provide leadership for the

development of the program.

4. Technical societies and associations must be actively

involved in articulating need and promoting development and

support.

18
PROCEDURE TO ESTABLISH A COLLEGE PROGRAM

After the prerequisites have been satisfied, the following specific

procedures will help to assure a well established educational program

(cooperative effort):

1. Conduct surveys to obtain data on local and national

requirements for specific measurement science educational

needs

.

2. Prepare educational program package papers for presentation

to potential officials in government and industry. Ensure

that these presentations demonstrate the following:

a) The expected annual student enrollment.

b) Student sources.

c) Industry and government management support.

d) Source of qualified instructors.

e) Program compatibility with college standards,

facilities, and current programs.

f) The present and future scope of the educational

program.

3. Conduct meetings with top government and industry officials

such as the heads of departments for the presentations of

the educational program package. Sell the idea at the top.

Obtain approval to make follow up presentations to the

department staff. Staff approval is necessary.

4. Make department staff presentations. Thoroughly explain

program goals and technical requirements.

5. Arrange and conduct field trips for the school staff. Show

them just what people do in measurement science, and how

industry will support the program.

6. Prepare course proposals using college proposal forms and

procedures. Ensure the backing of specific college staff

members appointed by the department head.

7. Utilize local college vocational coordinators in assisting

qualified instructors in credential applications and

establishment of course schedules.

8. Concurrent with the above, conduct exhaustive survey and

identify textbook(s) and other reference material and

develop course outlines.

9. Establish schedule for initiation of classes. Promote

program with all potential sources of students.

19
10. Initially monitor each class with guidance from the school

coordinator to ensure effective course material, instruction,

and acceptance.

11. Periodically review and update course requirements to ensure current measurement science needs are being fulfilled.

SUMMARY

FACT OR FICTION

The questions you and I are here to explore are: Can needs for

training in the weights and measures arena (including officials, industry, business, and associated activities) be clearly defined? Are these

perceived needs fact or fiction? Are the perceived needs extensive

enough to justify development by education and training institutions?

Will potential users of training programs have the fiscal backing to

utilize the developed programs?

Or, is the entire exercise based on fiction? Are we gathered here

in some false sense of needing to do something - which might turn out to

be other than training?

I am convinced that what we seek is based on demonstrable facts.

Measurement practice today must become a recognized professional occupation: recognized by ourselves first, then by our bosses, by our peers,

by our constituencies, by our personnel departments, by the youth

growing up through high school. Such professionalism must have a base

in the qualifications we bring to the job. Quality training is essential to acquiring and maintaining the specialized skills of those hired

into and engaged in this profession.

Our challenge is to clearly articulate the facts and plot a course

to proceed with the planning and promotional efforts.

Our efforts in these two days are very significant and, perhaps,

more vital today than those plans made twenty years ago by George

Washington University, the Martin Company, and NBS.

Researching and developing new measurement technology is progressive and healthy. Today, transfer and application of that technology

are obstructed because of many factors, one of which is inadequate

numbers of educated measurement practitioners.

This must be corrected. Your interest is very encouraging. Let's

really tackle the challenge, learn from the past, and lay the foundation

for permanent university based education programs in measurement

sci ence.

Thank you.

20
"Training the Weights and Measures Official--A Priority of Weights

and Measures Administration”

Edward H. Stadolnik

As Chairman of the National Conference on Weights and Measures, I welcome the opportunity to present the support of the National

Conference in the concepts being explored at this meeting to develop a technical training program for measurement practitioners. I am quite

confident that all weights and measures administrators , metrology

laboratory personnel, field inspectors, manufacturers representati ves

,

installers and repairmen, packaging industry personnel, and all others

who have a stake in measurement processes applaud the activity that is

going on here today and tomorrow. I would also like to take a moment

to commend Texas A&M University, the National Bureau of Standards, the

National Conference of Standards Laboratories, and the National Scale

Men's Association, Texas Division, in recognizing the broad based need

for technical training for measurement practi tioners at all levels.

First, a few comments about the National Conference on Weights

and Measures. "The National Conference on Weights and Measures had its

beginning in 1905, when the Director of the National Bureau of

Standards called a meeting of representatives from the various States to

bring about uniformity in State laws referring to weights and measures,

and also to effect a close cooperation between the State measurement

services and the National Bureau of Standards. Since its establishment,

the Conference has grown steadily in size and importance and now brings

together at its meetings a total of approximately 500 persons comprising

State, county, and municipal weights and measures regulatory officers,

other officials of Federal, State, and local governments, and representatives of manufacturers , industry, business, and consumer organizations.

The Conference develops many technical, legal, and general recommendations in the field of weights and measures administration and technology,

and its programs explore the entire area of this economically important

segment of governmental measurement services".

I also think it would be appropriate to place into the record, the

National Conference on Weights and Measures definition of measurement

operations, which appears on page 4 of the NCWM publication outlining

its membership plan.

"Measurement operations is the total process of assuring

compliance with those codes and other duly enacted regulatory measures

that seek uniformity and equity based on measurement in commerce,

general public health, welfare, and safety. The practitioners of

measurement operations are employed at all levels of government, and

in the private sector, and they perform a wide variety of functions

ranging from highly specialized laboratory calibration, field

inspections, manufacturing, packaging, and maintenance operations. They

deal with a highly diversified body of technical knowledge - yet they

21
find common causes and interests in their basic objectives and work

approaches within a distinct sector of the public service".

So again, it is refreshing to note that both the National

Conference on Weights and Measures and the other co-sponsors of this

Conference recognize the commonality of interests between public and

private sector organizations in establishing a much needed training

concept.

The development and implementation of a comprehensive training

program for weights and measures officials at the State, county, and

municipal level is a priority issue for weights and measures administration. It is an issue of national concern which has been expressed

at many of the regional and State weights and measures meetings that I have had an opportunity to attend in the past several months. We live

in an era of rapid technological change, a period of economic change,

and a period of cultural change. The need to develop a training

mechanism may very well be one of the most significant challenges that

we will be facing in the 80' s, as it will be one of the tools that we have to utilize in managing our changing times. We have a priority need

to marshal all of the resources available to provide the necessary

training for some 3,800 weights and measures officials representing

approximately 700 jurisdictions throughout these United States. Without

a well trained weights and measures officer, all of our laws, rules,

regulations, and specifications and tolerances will have little value if

they are not implemented in an effective and meaningful way.

The lawmakers of this Nation at both the State and national level

have long recognized that effective weights and measures administration

is vital to the economic welfare of our country. It is a service of

government that provides all parties involved in commercial transaction

with a confidence relating to quantity determinations for charges of

goods and services. I do not have a statistic that relates to the total

annual dollar volume that changes hands in this country in the purchase

or sale of commodities or charges based on measurement services, but I am quite sure that it would measure in trillions of dollars. Perhaps a few statistics will give us some idea of the financial impact in the

purchase and sale of goods that are measured by devices that are regulated by weights and measures officials. A 1979 statistic indicates

that there are some 196 billion dollars spent annually in this country

in the retail sale of food. 1979 sales of gasoline at retail amounted

to close to some 112 billion gallons and if an average price of $1.20

per gallon were used, we could extend this to an annual retail gasoline

sales figure of approximately $134 billion dollars. Latest figures

acquired from the Energy Department indicate the use of close to 102

billion gallons of fuel oil and kerosine on an annual basis, which again

would translate to close to 102 billion dollars of product, all of which

is measured by devices that are tested and monitored by weights and measures officials. This figure includes 20 billion gallons of distillate heating oils. We use close to 7 billion gallons of liquefied

petroleum gas for residential and commercial use on an annual basis.

Weights and measures inspectors calibrate farm milk tanks which provide

22
the basis of sale from the dairy farmer to the dealer and in 1979, the

United States Department of Agriculture reported that close to 124

billion pounds of milk were produced in the United States with a dollar

value to dairy farmers of close to 16 billion dollars. These statistics

only touch the surface of the economic impact that is reflected through

the regulatory activity of the weights and measures community in the

United States. In the final analysis, we must recognize that the

effects of measurement mean money. If a purchaser is short-weighted, it

is money that is lost to him and likewise if a seller unwittingly gives

product away due to inaccurate measurement, is is money lost from his

pocket.

As noted previously, our concerns at this conference in developing

a national training program for weights and measures practitioners will

have an impact on every citizen in the United States - in much the same

way as training programs for police officers or firefighters affect the

level of services in the communities in which they serve.

There have been tremendous changes and advances in the technological design of weighing and measuring instruments used in commerce, much

of it using some of the concepts of space age technology. There is

every reason to believe that this development will continue to accelerate. Coupled with new product design are the different and changing

methods of conducting trade practices. Witness the commonplace use of

point-of-sales systems where scales are interfaced with electronic cash

registers which in turn are tied in with computer based operations.

There is a reawakening of interest in price scanning laser technology at

the supermarket checkout counter. New concepts in specifications and

regulatory activities in an ever increasing degree of sophistication

will continue to face the weights and measures official in the future.

As electronic and microprocessor technology continues to expand, with it comes a whole new vocabulary of terminology which must be understood.

However, it must still be recognized that we do not live in a world

totally controlled by electronic systems. There are still many mechanical devices in use and that will continue to be manufactured for some

time. Therefore, a training program for device terminology should

address the needs of the field official who must face a wide variety of

mechanical, electro-mechanical, and electronic systems in his daily

activities.

It must also be kept in mind that besides being involved in the

technical aspects and testing of weighing and measuring devices, weights

and measures officials are also law enforcement officials. A weights

and measures training program must recognize the need for development of

criteria for training the official in the various aspects of State and

Federal laws and the application of State and Federal rules and regulations. It is noted in the first page of your announcement booklet that

programs relating to law enforcement and inspection training have

already been developed. I am sure that there would be certain elements

designed into your existing programs that could well be adapted to

weights and measures training.

23
As we look inward to our current training needs and needs for the

future, it is also apparent that we must seek the expertise of those in

the teaching profession to ask their assistance in developing the

appropriate types of audio-visual aids, training outlines, and other

materials that would assist us in our individual States to supplement

any formal training programs with an in-house training capability.

We often hear of the term "professional" and we as weights and measures officials like to consider ourselves as professional. However,

the term professional generally implies a certain degree of preparation

for one's profession; it implies that the professional has completed a program of basic study or training in his field. If we are truly

willing to classify ourselves as professionals in the field of weights

and measures administration, then we must be willing to set standards

for training and education and subject ourselves to meeting those

standards

.

In conclusion, it is generally recognized that every modern workforce must have a clear set of objectives, a well constructed

organization, and a means for recruiting, motivating, and upgrading

talented personnel. It would appear that an effective measurement

training program would be able to influence the ever expanding needs

of weights and measures administration in a very constructive and

dynamic manner.

24
N.S.M.A. Believes Consumers Need and Demand Professionalism”

Ray Canfield (presented by William F. IMicol)

It is indeed a pleasure to appear before you and speak on behalf of

and for the National Scale Men's Association. Some of the statements

that I make will be personal opinions, which may not necessarily be the

majority opinion of our Association. However, I offer these personal

opinions with a firm conviction born of many years struggle in the

battle for a professional approach to the many facets of our industry,

starting with proper approval of manufactured units, correct installation procedures of these approved units, through Regulatory Officials

approval of such units, so that the Consumer (and please do not think

that the word Consumer is such a bad word because you and I too are Consumers) really receives equity in the Market Place.

I have several concerns with education or training as presently

offered, in most instances. This education or training really is not

getting down to the "Grass Roots" level where, in my opinion, it is most

needed and where it could create good public relations with that ultimate consumer. Isn't it true that for every Director of Weights & Measures, who usually is well trained and well versed in his requirements, there are a multiple number of individuals down the line, under

this Director, who are not as well trained, and these are the people who

are out meeting the public. For every Industry Company Branch Manager

or Independent Scale Dealer Owner there are many, many Salesmen and, or,

Service Technicians and again these are the individuals who are meeting

the public and setting the image for our industry. I contend that these

are the "Grass Roots" individuals who really need education and training

in all proper procedures, be they regulation or achievement of regulatory tolerances by correct and proper manufacturing, installation and

repair of Weighing and Measuring units. Our challenge to this and other

educational facilities is to determine the manner to get education and

training to these "Grass Roots" individuals where, in my opinion, it is

most needed.

Having achieved this goal, I sincerely believe that you will have

taken a "Giant Step" forward in assuring that "Consumer", and you and

me, that we have achieved Professionalism in the Weighing and Measuring

Industry and there really is Equity in the Market Place assured by

Know! edge.

Determine the manner to Educate and Train "these Root" members and

you can be sure that you will have the eternal gratitude of all present

and future generations of Consumers.

Be assured that our National Scale Men's Association will continue

in our meager method of Education and Training and we will support any

effort this University or any other Educational facility makes to

further the education of our people.

25
WORKSHOP A: GOVERNMENT REGULATORY OFFICIALS

Moderator

:

Charles Forester [SapeAviAoA o fi WzlgklA and Mzo&uaz6 , Tzxoa

VzpaAJmznt o fi Agnd.cuJUAxAz)

Speakers

:

Stan Darsey [Ckizfi, BuAzau o fi Wzdgkt6 and Mzo6uaz6,

Florida VzpaAJmznd ofi AgAtcuUuAz and Con6umeA SeAvdceJ)

Joseph L. Swanson [ChJzfi, WeJgkt6 and Me.a6uA.z6 SzcJdon, Alaska)

Observer

:

Gerald Becker [ElzcJA.onA.c6 TAaJ.nJ.ng Vi.viji.on,

Tzxa6 Engi.nzzAd.ng Extzn6don Szava.cz)

Richard Smith (ManageA, TAaJnd.ng PAogAam, Ofifii.cz ofi WzlghJj

and MzajuAeJ , MBS)

Coordi nator

:

Betsy Nussbaum [Omzga Phi. Alpha, Tzxa6 ASM Und.veAAiXy)

26
Workshop A Report:

Technical Training for Measurement Practitioners

in a Government Regulatory Career”

Three career fields were identified:

Field Inspector;

Supervi sors/Managers/Admi ni strators ; and

Standards Laboratory Personnel

.

Nationwide, approximately 3,000 employees are in these career

fields in the city, county, and State jurisdictions (Federal Employees

not included). A 10% turnover rate is expected or approximately 300

annually. Qualified candidates are not readily available in any of the career fields and therefore most are usually obtained thru field promotions. Possibly 15% come from the measurement industry. Typical entry

level educational background for a field inspector varies from High

School Graduate to College Graduate depending on the State. A large

majority of today's supervisors and managers were promoted from the

ranks of the field inspector.

Training is typically ad hoc or at device manufacturer's schools

for the field inspector. There is no formal nationally adopted training

program available. Each jurisdiction has provided its own means of

basic, upgrading, and updating training.

It was unanimously agreed that at other than job entry, formal

training programs for updating and upgrading should be held yearly at a minimum.

The following subjects are considered a must-know for a person to

be competent in his job:

I

.

Inspector Trainee & Standards Laboratory Personnel

The history of weights and measures

Regulatory law

Units of measure

Interpretation of laws and regulations (Intent of law)

Test procedures

1 . Devices

Handbook 44 & Codes

2. Packaging

Basic math review (Tolerances, Units, Conversion)

3. Method-of-Sal e Investigation

Basic physics

Basic electronics

Human relations - How to deal with public

27
Communications - Oral & written

Ethics - Conflict of interest

Job safety

Inter-governmental relations, jurisdictions (who tests what)

Jurisdictional rules of organization

1 1 . Intermediate Field Inspector

Review of basic material

Investigative training (Court Trial Requirements)

Referral of violations

Basic training techniques

Special applications of technology

Advanced inter-government relations and liaison

State of the art developments

Work planning & time management

III. Supervi sors/Managers/Admi ni strators

Budget

Program evaluation

Performance evaluation

Performance development

Scheduling/Planning

Personnel management

State and Federal rulemaking procedure

Soliciting input from advisory councils & consumer groups

Entry level training should be held in one to five day segments at

intervals of approximately three months. Some of this training could be

by correspondence. The majority should be obtained from regional or

local courses conducted by a training specialist with field experience

and expertise in the subject. Hands-on practical experience for the

trainee during the course is a must.

Many of the training materials/aids are currently available but

need to be gathered and evaluated (i.e. each jurisdiction has invested

time and effort in training and has developed useful material), then

instituted into a modular training program and made available as a nationally accepted means of training.

It was generally agreed that everyone in each jurisdiction should

and would be made available for training if it is offered on a regional

basis and that the organization would underwrite training tuition,

materials, and moderate travel.

Certification of competence on the national level is desired but at

present is not required. Legislation for certification in the western

States is now in progress. California has adopted State certification

in six levels of competence and is utilizing it for job promotion

standards. It was agreed that the National Conference on Weights and

Measures should be the certifying authority.

28
Adoption of the Modular Training Concept presented by John

Armstrong, Chief, Weights & Measures Division, Legal Metrology Branch,

Consumer Standards Directorate, Ottawa, Canada, was placed high on the

list of training material sources. A serious effort should be made to

share the work load with Canada to complete the remaining training

modules. Following is a list of the training modules and a description

of each.

29
LIST OF TRAINING MODULES

Page Section

Code Code

I NT-1 .0

I NT- 1 .

1

(first page)

I NT - 1 .35

(last page)

INT-2.1

I NT-3 .

1

ADM-1 .0

ADM-1 .1

ADM- 2.1

THE-1 .0

THE-1 .

1

Module Description Training

Days

Introduction to Weights 1 & Measures

Organization of Government

Objectives and Organizational 1 Structure of Consumer and

Corporate Affairs Canada

Objectives and Organizational

Structure of Weights & Measures

History of Weights & Measures

Legislative Process 1 Acts & Regulations

Socio-Economic Impact of

W&M Service

Traders/Consumers/W&M

Inspection 1 General W&M Devices Used in Trade

The Inspectors' Duties & Responsibil ities

Role of the W&M Inspector

Admini strati on

Reports

Fees 1 WMIS

Treasury Board Regulations

Terms and Conditions of Work

Field Operating Service

Organizational Structure

Work Planning (Itinerary) 1 Program Forecast and Work Plans

Categories of Work

Basic Theory

Fundamentals of Mechanics

Elementary Machines

Applications of the lever 1 Center of Gravity

Moment of Inertia

Velocity and Acceleration

Force, Work and Energy

30
Page

Code

Section

Code

Module Description Training

Days

Pendulum Principle

THE-2.1 Principles of Levers

Vectors

Beam and Lever Formulas 1 Lever Systems

Roberval Principle

Appl ications

THE-3.1 Fundamental Properties of Fluids

Definition of a Fluid

Force, Weight & Mass

Viscosity 1 Density & Specific Volume

Specific Weight, Specific Gravity

Pressure

Vapour Pressure

Surface Tension

THE-4.1 Applications of Fluid Mechanics

Pressure Measurement

Velocity Measurement 1 Flow Measurement

Positive Displacement Meters

Pumps

Air Eliminators

THE-5.1 Fundamental Electrical Concepts

Current

Resistance 1 Vol tage

Ohm's Low

Direct Current

Alternating Current

THE-6.1 Electric Circuits

Series Circuits

Resistance of a Series

Circuit 1 Parallel Circuits

Resistance of a Parallel

Circuit

Series -Parallel Circuits

31
Page

Code

Section

Code

Module Description Traini ng

Days

THE-7.1

THE-8.1

THE-9.1

THE-10.1

to

THE- 1 9.1

THE-20.1

Measurement of Electrical Quantities

Ammeters

Voltmeters 1 Resistance by vol tmeter-ammeter

Digital Voltmeters method

Magnetic Circuits and

Electromagnetic Devices

B-H Curves 1 Magnetic circuits

Electric Meters

Capacitance and Inductance

Capaci tors

Capacitors in AC Circuits

Application of Capacitance Circuits 1 Inductors

Inductors in A.C. Circuits

Applications of Inductive Circuits

Electronics 10

Applied Electronics

Load Cells

Applications of Load Cells

Metals and Metallurgy

Hardening Process

Pi vots

Bearings 1 Stresses

Metal Fatigue

32
Page

Code

Section

Code

Module Description Training

Days

GRV-1.0 Gravimetric Devices

GRV-1 .1

GRV-2.1

GRV-3.1

GRV-4.1

GRV-5.1

GRV-6.1

GRV-7.1

Static Devices - Small Capacity

Equal Arm Balances

Unequal Arm Balances 1 Single Lever Non-computing

Multiple Lever-Non computing

Computi ng

Static Devices - Medium Capacity

Dormant

Hopper 1 OH Track

Static Devices - Large Capacity 1 Dormant

Truck, Portable and Permanent

Railway Track

Tank

Applied Electronics

Digital Indicators 1 Weighing/Counting Devices

Batchi ng

Printers

Electronic Devices - Small Capacity

Single Lever 1 Multiple Lever

Computi ng

Electronic Devices - Medium Capacity

Dormant

Hopper 1 OH Track

Automated Systems

Tank

Electronic Devices - Large Capacity

Dormant

Truck 1 Ra i 1 way

Tank

Automated Systems

33
Page Section Module Description

Code Code

GRV-8.1 Dynamic Devices

Railway Track

Coupl ed

Uncoupled

Mono Rail

Dormant

GRV-9.1 Conveyor Scales

Weight Feeders

Pellet Loaders

Off-loading Systems

Batching systems

Industrial Uses

-steel industry

-mining

-cement

-sand & gravel

-1 imestone

-coal

-mineral processing

GRV-10.1 Point of Sale Devices

Types of Devices

Mode of Operation

Discriminators

GRV-11 .1 Automatic Tare

AXT, PBZ

Computer- I nvoici ng

Double Bridge Cell

Ib-kg switch

Sel ectors

VOL- 1 .0 Volumetric Devices

VOL- 1 .1 Static Measures

Provers

VOL-2.1 Mobile Tanks

General Design

Piping Network

VOL-3.1 Applied Fluid Mechanics

VOL-4.1 Liquid Measuring Meters

Petroleum Dispensers

Inspection Procedure

Training

Days

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

34
Page

Code

VOL-5.1

VOL -6 .

1

VOL-7.1

VOL -8.1

VOL-9.1

VOL- 1 0

.

voL-n

.

VOL-12.

COM-1 .1

COM-2.1

Section

Code

1

1

1

C0M-10.0

Module Descirption Training

Days

Bulk Meter 1 Loading Rack

Truck

Bunker

Gravity Meters 1 Truck

Bulk Plant

LPG Meters 1 Slow flow

Milk

Cattle Feed

Liquid Fertilizer 1 Chemical

Aircraft fuelers (fixed mobile)

Master Meter Provers 1 Pipeline Provers

Piping Systems 1 Bui k

Mobile

Marine

Pumping Systems 1 Loading Arms

Deaerators

Flow Control Valves

Automatic Temperature Control 1 Remote Registers

Computers-Incl uding Invoice Systems

Comrnodi ti es

Consumer Products Labelling Act

& Regulations

Prepared Commodities 1 Procedures - Scale Testing

Forms - CCA 777

- Work Sheet

- Hand calculator

Clerk Served Commodities 1 Test Procedure - CCA 906

Disposal Procedure

35
Page Section

Code Code

OTH-1 .0

0TH-1 .

1

ENF-1 .0

ENF-1 . to

ENF-5.1

MET-1 .0

MET -1 .1

MET-2.1

Module Description

Other Devices

General Review of Other Devices

Area

Length

Vol ume Time

Odometer

Temperature

Coin-operated

Enforcement

F.O.S. Enforcement Course

Metrication

Introduction to S . I

.

Common Metric Units

Length

Area

Vol ume Mass

Temperature

Time

Implementation

Volumetric Conversion

Mass Conversion

Length Conversion

Equipment

Timetable for - Grain

Petroleum

Retail

Transportation

Mining

Construction

Beverage

Training

Days

1

5

1

36
WORKSHOP B: MEASUREMENT LABORATORIES

Moderator:

Henry Oppermann (Phys leal Scientist, Ofifilee ofi Weights and

MeasuAes , MBS)

Speakers

:

Gerald Berman (National l/oluntaAy LaboAatoAy AccAecUtatlon PAogAam)

Herb Eskew (Ckle.fi MetAologlst, Texas, Ve.paAtyne.nt ofi AgAlcultuAe)

Observer

:

Basil Collins (ElectAonles TAatntng division, Texas EnglneeAlng

Extension SeAvlee)

Coordi nator

:

Glenette Lowrie (Omega Phi Alpha, Texas ASM UnlveAAxty)

37
Workshop B. Report:

"Measurement Laboratories"

PRIVATE LABORATORY

Career opportunities are primarily at the technician level.

Engineers are usually obtained by hiring a graduate from a four year

college. Ninety percent of laboratory staff are hired as technicians.

Qualified entry level technicians are hired from high school or associate degree (two year) programs; others are obtained from the public work

force. More highly skilled technicians are obtained from the military.

College graduates are also a source of personnel, but they are usually

hired as engineers.

Sandia classifications for technicians are considered relevant and are those who have:

a. high school education and interest in technical area, and

perhaps have some specialized training;

b. completed on-the-job training;

c. technical institute degree;

d. matured on the job and thereby gained judgment and integrity

(that is, work results are consistently valid); and

e. a knowledge equivalent to an engineer in the particular field of

specialization, but is limited to this field.

Other companies have two basic classifications: technicians and

supervisors. The supervisors may be engineers or technicians who have

been promoted to the supervisory level. Generally, there is a low

attrition rate.

The desired qualifications for an entry level technician vary with

the company. The profile and background desired for an entry level

technician at the lowest level consists of:

Profile

Quality oriented

Technically inclined

Perfectionist attitude

Mechanical ability

Persistent

Communication skills with good

human relations qualities, and

ability to read and interpret

technical papers, and good writing

abil i ty.

38
Background

One year lab experience (on-the-job training)

A1 gebra

Basic physics

Statistics and ability to document results

Basic electricity

Introduction to data processing

Knowledge of how to perform measurements

To gain an entry level knowledge in electronics, the individual

must also have:

An electronics background

Experience in troubleshooting and repair

Knowledge of microprocessors

Experience in the calibration of test equipment

Knowledge of digital/analog circuitry

The next higher level of qualification above that of the entry

level technician requires more experience or course work in the areas

listed under the background for the entry level technician. Advancement training should include instruction in "how to teach" because

quality technicians progress to a supervisory level and train other

technicians. This training is available through other commercial

businesses, but is desirable for supervisors.

STATE LABORATORY

Entry level requirements for a State metro! ogist in the weights

and measures laboratory are a college education in a technical field,

e.g. physical sciences, engineering, mathematics, etc. Specialized

training is then needed in the measurement procedures used in the

laboratory operation. The training needed is currently provided in

the NBS basic and intermediate laboratory metrology seminars.

PHYSICAL STANDARDS MEASUREMENT

Measurements include gauge blocks, standard cells, mass, length,

volume, flow, pressure, temperature, acceleration, lasers, optics,

surface characterizations, force, and torque. The last two areas re- quire a knowledge of geometry, mechanics, and statistics. Temperature

measurements involve more mathematics than the others.

39
The basic training in these measurement areas should include:

An overview of measurement science including familiarization

with the terminology used in each branch of measurement;

Precision and accuracy;

Instruction in the procedures used to perform the various

measurements

;

Hands-on experience of using the equipment that is involved in

performing the various measurements in the measurement areas

given above; and

Training and experience in how to handle standards, laboratory

environment considerations? and sources of errors in measurements.

In the past, one source of candidates for positions in the physical

standards areas has been people who worked in the inspection areas of

machine shops.

Reference material that could be used as textbooks for training

in the physical standards measurements area are:

Textbooks by Metron for the Navy;

ASQC Introduction to Metrology;

ASQC Advanced Metrology;

NBS 300 Series and other publications; and the

CORE Course at Lowry Air Force Base.

An outstanding text for electrical measurements is Electrical

Calibration developed by John Fluke Manufacturing Co., Inc.

40
Basic Laboratory Metrology Seminar Outline

Mass

I. Introduction

II. Topics

A. Sensitivity test

B. Standard deviation calculation

C. Pooling standard deviations

D. Standard deviation control charts

E. Precision tests

F. Theory of tolerances and application

G. Weighing designs

1. X-S = d sign convention

2. Deviation of equations

3. Single substitution

4. Modified substitution

5. Double substitution

6. Transposition

H. Uncertainty statements

III. Laboratory Auditing Program

A. Standards traceability

B. Measurement traceability

C. Measurement surveillance

D. OWM certification of laboratory

1. Basic laboratory metrology seminar

2. Completion of basic LAP problems

3. Adequate laboratory^faci 1 ities
IV.

V.

VI.

4. Maintenance of laboratory

5. Maintain inventory of standards

Weight testing concepts

A. Proper application of weighing designs

1 . Tolerance testing

a. Direct reading

b. Single substitution

c. Modified substitution

2. Calibration

a. Double substitution

b. Transposition weighing

c. 3-1 weighing design

d. More advanced intercomparison weighing designs

B. Tolerance testing

1. Proper application of tolerances

2. Class F tolerances (revised 1975)

3. Theory of tolerances

C. Calibration

1. Correction values

2. Uncertainty statements

Single pan balances

A. Design

B. Operation

Sensitivity tests and standard deviation calculation

A. Purpose of sensitivity test

B. Sensitivity test as part of calibration weighing designs

42
C. Sensitivity test exercise

D. Standard deviation calculation

1. Test to check standard deviation calculation

2. Conversion of standard deviation to mass units

VII. Direct reading exercise

A. Test of ability to read balance

B. Tolerance application and weight errors

VIII. Modified substitution

A. Procedure

B. Methods to offset optical scale

C. Tolerance considerations

IX. Calibration procedures

A. X-S = d sign convention

B. Derivation of equations for the single substitution

weighing design

1. Different weighing sequences

2. Sensitivity test as part of the weighing design

3. Requirements of the sensitivity weight

C. Double substitution weighing design

1. Different weighing sequences

2. Derivation of equations

3. Advantages of the double substitution weighing design

D. Double substitution exercises

X. Pooling standard deviations

A. Table method

B. General equation

43
XI. Calculation of correction values

A. General equation when tare weights are used

B. Simplified equations for special cases

C. Computing and reporting uncertainties

D. Computation of corrections from double substitution

exerci ses

XII. Control charts

XIII. Double substitution -- Russell balance and 30 kg balance

A. Procedure on 30 kg balance

B. Procedure on Russell balance

C. General equations for the double substitution

D. Modified substitution on the Russell balance

XIV. Transposition weighing design

A. Purpose

B. Advantages

C. Procedure

D. General equation using X-S sign convention

XV. Exercises on the Russell balance and 30 kg balance

XVI. Error checking methods

XVII. Measurement control

A. Theory

B. Methods

XVIII. Air buoyancy correction

A. True mass

B. Apparent mass versus any reference density

44
Intermediate Laboratory Metrology Seminar Outline

(Tentative)

I. Weighing design calculations

A. X-S sign convention

B. Sensitivity weight notation

C. Standard deviation calculations

II. Air Buoyancy correction

A. Explanation of effect

B. When to make a buoyancy correction

C. Calculation of the magnitude of the buoyancy effect

III . True mass

A. Definition of true mass

B. Derivation of equation using volumes

C. Estimating volumes of large and small weights

D. Derivation of equations using densities only

IV. Apparent mass vs reference density

A. Definition of apparent mass

3 B. Change of reference density base to 8.0 g/cm

0 from brass

1. Effect on laboratory operations

g 2. Calculation of apparent mass vs 8.0 g/ctri corrections

for the mass standards

C. Apparent mass vs 8.0 g/crn

D. Apparent mass vs any reference density

V. Buoyancy correction for tolerance testing

A. Carry a weight with X or S to correct for air buoyancy

B. Equation: AM

x vs REp = X NQM (1 + p

- p n - p_ + ^n_) p x

p sP REF

VI. Measurement Assurance

A. Standards traceability

B. Measurement traceability

1. Short term standard deviation

2. Long term standard deviation

C. LAP 26 results

1. Comparison of standard deviations

2. Values obtained for standards vs NBS calibration values

D. Documentation of laboratory measurements

1. Measurement of same item over time

2. Measurements "in-control"

E. Measurement assurance program

1. Intercomparison of standards

2. Calibration of standards sent out by NBS

a. Systematic error

b. Analysis of uncertainties

45
F. Application to tolerance testing

1. LAP problem

2. Documentation for legal purposes

VII. 3-1 weighing design

A. Procedure

B. Sign convention - calculations

C. Short term standard deviation

D. Buoyancy correction

E. Sample calculations

VIII. 4-1

A.

B.

C.

D.E.

weighing design

Procedure

One weight restraint

Two weight restraint

Sign convention - calculations

Sample calculations

IX. Uncertainties

A. Computing uncertainties

B. Pooling standard deviations

C. Reporting uncertainties

X. Calibrating built-in weights

A. Procedure

B. Calculations

C. Alternate standard deviation method

^ D. Balances calibrated to 8.0 g/crri and 8.4 g/crn

XI. Gravimetric calibration of glassware

A. Explanation of gravimetric calibration

B. When to calibrate gravimetrical ly

C. Water supply considerations

1. Water density tables

2. Adequate purity of water

D. Glassware calibration

1. Cleaning procedures

2. Weighing flask preparation

3. Gravimetric calibration

4. Calculations

XII. Large volume test measure calibration

A. Gravimetric

1. Cleaning procedures

2. Procedure

3. Equations

B. Volume transfer and temperature correction

XIII. Tape to tape calibration

46
General Needs Identified

In order to build professionalism and augment training, other

related needs must be addressed concurrently

:

Job titles and job descriptions need to be written and

standardi zed

;

Technicians (and therefore technician training) are in more demand

than engineers, especially in electronics/electrical job

classifications

;

Training for both prospective new hires or up-grading incumbents

must be a mixture of theory and practical hands-on curriculum

with current state of the art equipment;

Most new technicians are either from the military or must be

trained by the employer on the job; and

Training literature and training programs should be consolidated

at a single source and be available for use by the using

industry/governmental bodies.

Specific Training Needs Identified

Specific training program development should be based on the

following perceived needs:

Estimated need for 12,000 new employees per year;

Training on how to write good calibration procedures;

Training for new employees in the areas of

philosophy of testing and measurements,

quality control and assurance,

statistics used in testing laboratories,

orientation--terminology, safety practices, etc.,

human relations, and

introduction to data processing;

Up-grading training must emcompass

environmental control,

sources of errors, more accurate measurements and data, and

use of more complex procedures and equipment.

47
MEASUREMENT LABORATORIES REPORT

AMENDIUM FOR STATE LABS

The NBS training in their Basic and Intermediate Courses is most

adequate in subject matter. The problem is in the availability of space

in these courses and more locations to minimize travel time and

expenses. Consideration should be given to regional courses on a more

timely basis. These courses could easily be held in a state lab, on a regional basis, with NBS trained local instructors.

The added need for basic level courses in Pressure, Temperature,

Time, and Frequency, to get the new employees ready to take the NBS

Courses, is advisable and required.

The States now have employees with several years of service and more advanced state-of-the-art lab problems and technology study

courses, for their use, would further add to their skills.

With more complex measurements and calculations here, as well as on the horizon, a course in programmable calculators as applied to these

solutions would assist in meeting this need.

The State metrology directors would support a school in management

and supervision. This would assist them in employee evaluations,

promotions, and better usage of their employees.

The metrologists have expressed a desire and need to share in

person and in a written document, technical information, equipment

usage, testing solutions, etc. on a periodic and continuing basis.

48
WORKSHOP C: THE WEIGHING INDUSTRY

Moderator:

Thomas M. Stabler (Manage/i, UeA.gh.t6 and MeaAuAeA

,

Toledo Scale Co.)

Speakers

:

Richard Hurley (AdveAtlAlng ManageA, FalAbankA Scale Co.)

"Woody" Woodruff (l/tee. PAeAldent and GeneAal ManageA,

Nlchol Scale. Company)

Observers

:

Lloyd E. Fite (VlvxAlon dead, TexaA EnglneeAlng

Extension SeAvlce)

Otto Warnlof (ManageA, Technical SeAvlceA , O^ice ofi UelghtA

and MeaAuAeA, MBS)

Coordinator:

Rita Brown (Omega Phi Alpha, TexaA A5M UniveAAity)

49
Prepared Presentation

Richard Hurley

EQUITY

Equity is that situation where buyer and seller are convinced that

they both received and sold the proper weight. We know that although

the perfect weight was not transmitted, both parties were satisfied.

The transaction was equitable or fair as perceived by both parties.

If we take the weight involved in the transaction and weigh it

again on a highly accurate scale, we could call this the ACTUAL weight.

If the highly accurate scale has sufficient resolution, then this number

representing the ACTUAL weight will usually be different from the

transaction DISPLAYED weight number. THE DISPLAYED WEIGHT IS THAT

WEIGHT WHICH IS INDICATED ON THE ANALOG OR DIGITAL READOUT, WEIGHBEAM

,

TICKET, ETC. OF THE SCALE USED IN THE TRANSACTION. THE DISPLAYED WEIGHT

IS THAT WEIGHT WHICH BOTH BUYER AND SELLER THOUGHT, TO THE BEST OF THEIR

KNOWLEDGE, WAS EXCHANGED.

Since we have defined two numbers, let's establish a ratio of the

ACTUAL weight over the DISPLAYED weight and call this the EQUITY RATIO,

(ER). We would like the equity ratio to be 1.0000000 for equity to

prevail for both parties. The ER can be plotted on a graph where the Xaxis depicts the ER, and the Y-axis the number of occurrences (F fr ) in

which a given ER was actually determined. Figure 1 depicts this L curve.

We assume in this curve that the distribution of ER with respect to Fp

R

i s normal

.

The line through the ER = 1.0 divides the Seller Advantage Region

from the Buyer Advantage Region.

Looking at Figure 1, our interest lies in the location of the mean

and the width of the curve (or the standard deviation) and its implication with respect to several interest groups. Several groups come to

mind. They are:

Buyer Scale Owner

Seller Scale Manufacturer

Law Enforcement Official Me, a Consumer

50
51
The best location of the mean is most easily defined with respect

to the self-interest of the different groups; I will assume they are as foil ows

:

Mean > 1 Mean < 1 Mean = 1 ? (Dependent on whether he or she is buyer or seller)

Mean = 1 Mean >> 1 (I am most often

a buyer .

)

It should be noted that the local sealer, when sealing a scale,

takes a measurement, usually believes this to be the mean of all the

possible random variations and, therefore, unknowingly will permit the

scale to bias itself. The same person seals many scales and so we assume that he does not consciously favor either the seller or the

buyer; on the average buyer and seller will both obtain the correct

amount. I, a consumer, might get a raw deal, since it is possible that

I always go to the store which has the wrong "seller" scale.

Buyer

Seller

Law Enforcement Official

Scale Owner

Scale Manufacturer

Me, a Consumer

STANDARD DEVIATION

The standard deviation, a means of expressing the dispersion of a set of data points or "the width of the skirt" might tell us more concerning the behavior of a scale.

A scale or weighing device which has an EQUITY RATIO with a large

standard deviation could generate problems in a pattern approval situation with a fixed error interval (tolerance band). A scale with this

type of behavior would sometimes be found to be operating outside of the

fixed tolerance band (and should, therefore, be placed out of commission). This scale also would place a burden on the manufacturer and the

sealer since the scale mean would seem to have to be continuously

adjusted.

A scale or weighing device with a very narrow standard deviation

could be used to knowingly defraud, if ER could be set different from

1.0, although within the limits of the law or tolerance band. This

scale might be an attractive product for a scale owner since if

sufficient numbers of transactions were made, the scale owner could

obtain a fast return on his investment. See Figure 2.

52
53

Figure

2

-

Fixed

Tolerance
A MEANS TO DETERMINE ACCEPTABLE ERROR BAND WIDTH

The acceptable error band for a weighing device, consistent with

equity, should:

be no wider than ±0.1% of the actual weight measured

encompass the random weighing of 95% of all transactions

(about the width of 4 standard deviations) See Figure 3.

be controlled, in the case of a narrow standard deviation, to

permit no fewer than 40% of all random weighments to appear

> l.O(ER) or < l.O(ER) depending on the scale's bias. The

purpose is to reduce "legal" bias of the scale very close to

ER = 1.0. See Figure 4.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Fairness (equity) requires that limits be set on the number (%) of

random weighments allowed which are out of tolerance.

2. Highly accurate scales can be used to defraud.

3. The tolerance band and distribution of random weighments - true

weight, imposed by the government agency, should have the intention

to force the equity ratio mean back to one (1.0), and minimize

legal bias.

[Following his presentation on equity, Mr. Hurley addressed training

needs by presenting a series of slides. The content of the slides

is outlined on pages 57 to 61.]

54
"Average” Standard Deviation

Figure 3

55
Narrow

Standard

Deviation

<o © o

56

Figure

4
SLIDE #1

DURING 1981-1990 :

WHAT TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES?

WHAT NEW/DIFFERENT DEMANDS

UPON W & M REGULATORS?

HOW ADAPT W & M REGULATORS TO

NEW CONDITIONS?

SLIDE #2

o CHANGE THROUGH FORCE

o CHANGE THROUGH CHOICE

SLIDE #3

TECHNOLGICAL ADVANCES/CHANGES

MICROPROCESSOR EXPANSION

GAUGED PLATFORMS OR WEIGHBRIDGES

INTERNAL APPEARANCE OF DEVICES:

SIMPLE, CLEAN, NO HINT OF TRUE COMPLEXITY

BASIC DEVICE CAN BE EXTENDED EASILY IN FUNCTION

THROUGH COMPLEX CIRCUITRY SUPPLEMENTS (90-88XX)

SLIDE #4

BASIC CHANGE IN W & M "MENTAL

SET" REQUIRED.

FIRST CONCERN MUST BE "WHAT

ARE DEVICES SUPPOSED TO DO?"

57
SLIDE #5

W & M "MENTAL SET"

- NEVER MIND HOW EVERYTHING

WORKS OR WHY

(TECHNOLOGY & FINITE TRAINING

WON'T PERMIT BROAD/DEEP

COMPREHENSION)

SLIDE #6

W & M "MENTAL SET"

- NEVER MIND OVER-RIDING OR

DISABLING STANDARD IN-USE

FEATURES

SLIDE #7

W & M "MENTAL SET"

- BECAUSE OF (SLIDES 3-6)

ACCEPTANCE OF 1-STOP PATTERN

APPROVAL BY ALL IS A MUST.

SLIDE #8

CHANGE THROUGH FORCE

- FORCE OF TECHNOLOGY

- FORCE OF LITTLE W&M TIME

AVAILABLE FOR DUPLICATION OF

EFFORT

- FORCE OF GROWING DEVICE

PROLIFERATION

SLIDE #9

CHANGE THROUGH CHOICE?
SLIDE #10

NEW/DI FFERNET DEMANDS

ON REGULATORS

- BECOME ENFORCERS OF PROCESS CONTROL

- ENSURE THAT A DEVICE IS BEING

USED PROPERLY

- ENSURE THAT THE CONDITION OF

EQUITY IS MET (NOT JUST THAT

DEVICE IS WITHIN TOLERANCE)

SLIDE #11

NEW DEMANDS ON REGULATORS

- COMPREHENSION OF EQUITY

EVALUATION & ASSESSMENT IN PLACE OF DEVICE TECHNOLOGY

- DETERMINE EQUITY RATIO (ER)

OF A DEVICE.

- SET STANDARDS FOR IN-USE

PROCESS CONTROL EQUITY.

SLIDE #12

TRAIN REGULATORS FOR NEW DEMANDS

- REQUIRE COMPETENCE IN BASIC MATH.

- UNDERSTAND RANDOM ERROR THEORY

- UNDERSTAND STEP TOLERANCE AND

INITIAL/SUBSEQUENT

VERIFICATION CALCULATIONS

SLIDE #13

TRAINING PROBLEM TODAY IS OF

MANY PARTS.

ONE OF THE BIGGEST: HOW DO YOU

READ/UNDERSTAND (i.e.

"INTERPRET") H-44 PROVISIONS.

59
SLIDE #14

TRAINING TOMORROW CAN BE

SIMPLER, EASIER, MORE PRODUCTIVE

IF THE NEED IS OBLITERATED FOR

CONSTANT REPETITIVE,

"INTERPRETATIONS" OF MANY OF THE

REGULATORY PROVISIONS.

SLIDE # 15

- THEN THE REGULATOR CAN

REGULATE FROM A CLEAR

UNDERSTANDING OF THE RULES.

- THEN EQUITY FOR BUYER/SELLER

USER/OWNER WILL HAVE A

FIGHTING CHANCE.

SLIDE #16

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES 1981-1990

MAKE AVAILABLE TO ALL FIELD & ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS:

1. MANUFACTURER'S OPERATING MANUALS (WHAT'S IT SUPPOSED TO DO?)

-CANADA

2. EXPAND USE OF SMALL REGIONAL A & M SEMINARS (2-3 STATES)

"BICYCLE" AUDIO/VISUAL MATERIAL (BASIC PRINCIPLES, DEVICE

OPERATIONS.)

3. MFR/W & M/OWM CONSORTIUM TO DEVELOP STANDARD, EASILY-REVISED

A/V MATERIALS FOR BROADCAST.

- PBS-TV

- SATELLITE TO SPECIFIC LOCATIONS

- CLOSED CIRCUIT FOR GROUPS

60
SLIDE # 17

THE 2-3 STATE SEMINARS AND

BROADCAST ARRANGEMENTS SHOULD BE

ON A REGULAR TIMED BASIS WITH

JURISDICTIONAL ATTENDANCE

REQUIRED.

SLIDE #18

END RESULT TO SEEK:

- REGULATORS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE

OF REGULATIONS, OF EQUIPMENT

- REGULATORS BECOME ENFORCERS OF

PROCESS CONTROL

- REGULATORS CAN BE MEASURED

AGAINST UNIFORM STANDARDS

(EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS) TO

HELP INSURE CERTIFIED

COMPETENCY

61
Workshop C Report:

"The Weighing Industry"

Upon convening, the twenty-three persons in attendance introduced

themselves and identified their affiliations. Participants included

representati ves from the scale industry. State and Federal governments,

and Texas A&M University. (Attendance list is attached.)

The first order of business, following interesting and provocative

presentations by Richard Hurley and Woody Woodruff, was to decide upon

the objectives of the workshop. The objectives are listed in Item 1 of

the attached outline.

The second item concerned the identification of clients to enroll

in technical courses. Estimates were made of total populations in each

client group. (See Item 2.)

Third, we listed the general qualifications for new hires--technicians to attend technical training courses beginning at the "basic"

1 evel . (See Item 3.

)

Fourth, the courses were identified that were deemed appropriate

for scale industry personnel. (See Item 4.)

Fifth, we listed Prerequi si tes , Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced

training needs. (See Item 5.)

Sixth, the question of location for technical training was discussed and the alternatives are set forth in Item 6.

The seventh question concerned the faculty resource for technical

training. (See Item 7.)

Finally, two fundamental questions were asked:

"Will you support technical training?"

"If so, to what extent in time and money?"

Answers to the above reflected full support of technical training

programs by the scale industry. The answers to the question of time and

cost, however, reflected concern by individual companies of the cost/

benefit of technical training.

62
The group concluded that 5-10 days annually was a feasible term for

formal training of weighing industry personnel.

The workshop participants expressed their appreciation to the Texas

A&M University, Dr. Fite, and Ms. Brown for their friendly assistance in

assuring success of the workshop.

63
Weighing Industry

Workshop Report

Out! ine

1

.

Objectives

Identi fy

Identify

Identify

Identify

Identify

Identi fy

the need for Technical Training

the Clients for Training Courses

the Qualifications for Participants

the Training Courses

the Training Institutions

the Training Faculty

2.

PopulationWho and how many.

Scale technicians: 15-20,000

Salesmen: 5-10,000

Development and Systems Engineers: 500-5,000

Users: 1,000,000 or more

3. Qual ifications of participants.

Mechanically inclined

Mature

High School and/or technical school education

In good health

4. Courses of Study

A. Mechanics/Physics

1. Principles of levers (classes, multiples, design)

2. Force

3. Dials and beams

4. Devices: installation and maintenance

5. Friction and lubrication (damping means)

6. Laboratory practice

7. Mechanical scale elements

8. Suspension system

9. Schematics

10. Terminology

B. Electronics and Microprocessor Technology

1. Analog technology

2. Digital technology

3. A/D Conversion

4. Output (serial and parallel)

5. Test instruments

6. Load cells (includes single and multiple applications)

64
7. Schematics

8. Power supply/lines

9. RFI/EMI

10. Devices: Installation and maintenance

11. Grounding Systems

12. Terminology

13. Relay logic systems

14. Programmable controller

C. Laws and Regulations

1. State laws and regulations (w/M, safety, building codes,

E P A , etc .

)

2. NCWM/NBS Handbooks

a) H-44

b) H-112

c) Registration of Servicepersons

d) H-130

e) H - 1 05-1

f) ASTM

3. Terminology

D. Inspection and Test Procedures

1. NBS H-112 (Updated annually)

2. FGIS/CA/NBS exam procedures

3. USDA-P&S Procedures

4. AREA procedures

5. Terminology

E. Measurement Units/Measurement Systems/Terminol ogy

1 . NBS H-44 Fundamental considerations

2. NBS H-44 Units/Systems

3. SMA Terms and Definitions

4. U.S. Customary Systems (Avoir, Apoth, Troy, etc.)

5. Metric system

6. Conversions

F. Computer Terminology (Basic)

5. Levels of Instruction for A through F above:

Prerequisite Basic Intermediate Advanced

(A) Math, OJT x (B) Basic Electronics x (C) None x (D) None x (E) None x (F) A&B above x

x —

x x

x Periodic Update

x Periodic Update

x —

65
6 . Location of Institutions

Universities

Industry facilities

Company facilities

7 . Teaching Faculty

University instructors

Industry training instructors

Weights and Measures training instructors

8. Fundamental Questions :

"Will you support technical training?"

"If so, to what extent in time and money?"

"What time (days) can your technician devote to training

courses?"

66
NAME AFFILIATION

Richard H. Abbott

G. T. Anderson

James R. Bird

Rita Brown

Bob Callahan

L. H. Degrange

Randy Divin

Iris Estes

Lloyd E. Fite

Tom Gei ler

Richard Gray

Charles W. Harman

Dick Hurley

Terry James

Fred Katterhei nrich

Tony Ladd

Donald C. Leonhardt

Warren Rankin

Tom Stabler

0. K. Warnlof

Thomas J. White

Woody Woodruff

Harley Yerkes

Texas State Dept of Highways

Electroscale Corp

NJ Office W/M

Texas A&M University

Fairbanks Weighing Division

MD Dept of Agriculture

Houston Scale Co

Estes Scale Co

Texas A&M University

W/M Hyannis MA

Aabbott Scales, Inc

Burlington Northern RR

Fairbanks Weighing Division

Cardinal Mfg Co

Hobart Corporation

Technical Consultant W/M

Martin-Decker

Burlington Northern RR

Institute for W/M

NBS/OWM

Federal Grain Inspection Service

Nicol Scales Inc

PA Scale Co

67
Workshop D: The Measuring Indsutry

Moderator

:

Walter F. Gerdom [ManageA, Te.cfmtcal SeAvlaeA

,

TokkQyim CoApoAatlon)

Observers

:

Cyrol Smith [Ele.ctAonlcA JAalning VlvdAlon, TexaA

Englne.e/u.ng Exte.nAx.on Setivloe.)

Stephen Hasko (ManageA, Liquid Me.aAuAme.nt VAogAam,

O^tae. UelghtA and Me.aAuAeA , NBS)

Coordinator:

Ellen Pendergrass ( Ome.ga Phi Alpha, Je.xaA ASM LinlveAAtty)

68
Workshop D Report:

"The Measuring Industry”

The consensus of opinion in the Measuring Industry Workshop was that additional training is needed in all areas of measurement. Much of

the training now being accomplished by individual companies through inhouse training could be done by having a source to establish basic courses such as hydraulics, electricity, electronics, metering, etc.

The most important subject today would be electronics--both basic and

advanced.

Members of our group indicated cooperation in working toward

supplying information on their products which could be organized and

used as a basis for preparing training manuals.

The group further expressed an interest in cooperating with an established training program on a sampling type basis to determine if

the courses offered provide the training desired in their industry.

The primary area of training required is in the area of technicians

and servicepersons.

Our group felt that in addition to the subjects listed (Principles

of Metering, System Design) Safety should include product safety, device

safety, and testing safety, as well as testing procedures. These should

all be included in any training course.

Our group felt that 300-400 new servicepersons enter this field

each year with basic mechanical aptitude and this number could support a training program.

Industry would lend its support to assisting in the preparation of

manuals; textbooks are available in very limited numbers.

The financial support would depend upon the courses offered and, as stated above, would also depend upon the results obtained. All courses

should be "hands on" type, of 3 day duration, with cost to be approximately $500.00 plus travel expenses.

Certification was not considered acceptable.

The workshop group attempted to answer questions posed as follows:

1. What are the career opportunities in your field?

Technicians need--most important

Engineers need

Managers evolve from engineers, sales, etc.

Sales best evolve from engineers & technicians plus personality

Other (Specify) servicepersons--accountants--lack of technicians

can be attributed to farming out of work load . Biggest need is electronics technicians . 69
2. In each of the above career fields, how many new employees are recruited annually? 300-400

3. Where are such qualified people found? Principal source-- other service areas. Formal education at university and other

technical trade schools.

4. Does the career program in your field have definite, identifiable

steps? If not, should there be such a definition of the career

program? not generally, but should

5. What is minimum level of formal education required? In what field?

BS—Engineering

Associate or 4 year college or trade school--technicians

Either or both for sales or managers

6. What minimum experience is required? In what skill areas?

all--can do the job

7. In terms of specific subjects such as: (see key on next page)

Fundamental

s

da Basic Math

a Advanced Math

a Base and Derived Units

b Basic Metrology

c Statistics, Sampling

c Qual i ty Assurance

a Metric/SI System

Other Mechanical Aptitude, a-Theory of Testing

Inspection

a Basics, Accuracy, Precision

a Specifications, Codes

a Requirements

a Devices

Commodi ties

c Variable Frequency

Other

Laws and Regulations

Equity

Uni formi ty

Fraud

a Enforcement

a Prosecution

Other

70
Organization

Goals, Objectives

Program Evaluation (justification)

Budgeting, Financial Management

c Records

Other

Technical

b Mass and Density A

a Volume and capacity

Length, Angle, Form 1

.

a Electrical Concepts 2. a Mechanical 3.

a Electronics 4.

Strain Gages/Transducers

a Solid State Components

a Microprocessor Basics B_ Time and Frequency

a Temperature 1

.

a Pressure 2.

Radiation 3.

a Environmental Testing

Automatic Testing

Weighing Devices

a Measuring Devices

a Measuring-Weighing Systems

Other d-Mechanical Aptitude

KEY : a) In what subject must a person be competent in order to do the

job?

b) What information needs to be known to enhance or support the

basic knowledge?

c) What information would be nice to know in support of the basic

requi rements? statistics--qual i ty assurance

d) What qualifications are required from a prospective employee

at the present time?

What training is required to meet these qualifications?

Other than at job entry, at what points or how frequently

should there be formal training programs for updating or upgrading?

Principles of Metering

System Design

Safety

Testing Procedure

Problem Analysis

Mass and Density

Basic Metrology

new technology avail able- -mini mum 1 year

71
8. In terms of type of training programs such as:

a. Internal Training Programs 1,2,3

b. On-the-job Training 1,2,3

c. National Bureau of Standards 2,3

d. Professional Society Short Courses 2,3

e. Books/Magazines, Literature 2,3

f. Professional Society Conferences 2 g. University/colleges 2,3

h. Government Seminars 2

i. Self-study Courses 1,2,3

j. Manufacturer Training 1,2,3

k. Technical schools 2,3

l . Consul tants 2

Key for above:

What would be the desired training program for (1) job entry,

(2) updating, (3) upgrading?

Can the type of training you are recommending be taken "to

the field"? If not, where should it be offered? yes

What qualifications should training specialists have to

teach in your area of expertise? Knowledge of equipment

and systems; Knowledge of teaching techniques.

Where do your trained people come from? Industry

MBS

Identify training efforts that have not been effective and

should not be tried? movie films, video tape

Identify training efforts that have been effective and

should be supported? reinstituted? expanded?

in house

on the job

semi nars technology schools

manufacturing schools

72
9. What type of training materials/aids are needed? a Are currently available? b

a. Textbooks a,b

b. Handoooks a,b

c. Films b

d. Slides a,b

e. Audio - with slides a,b

f. Equipment-tools a,b

g. Devices a,b

h. Other

10. If, in the next eighteen months, a course (or courses) were offered

in the area(s) of your need(s), how many people would your

organi zation send? unanswerable at this time

During the past two years, what courses have you (or people in

your organization) attended (by type, duration, cost)? seminars

What length of a training course would your organization support?

None?

One day?

Two days?

Three days? $500.00

Up to one week?

Two weeks?

Up to one month?

One semester?

Night school?

One academic year?

At what cost level would your organization underwrite training

course(s) answered in the affirmative above? (tuition, materials,

travel). $500.00 plus travel expenses

11. Is certification of competence really desired by the profession?

no. Is such certification now required? no. If it is presently

required, who does the certification? If it is not presently

required, but desired, who should be the certifying authority.

73
WORKSHOP E: THE FOOD PROCESSING AND PACKAGING INDUSTRY

Moderator:

Chip Kloos [Section Head, Re*eaAch and development, Hunt-Weston

Foods, Inc .

)

Speaker:

Edward E. Wolski ( Manager , duality Contact, Colgate-Palmolive

Company

)

Observers

:

Harold Lawton [Electaonlcs Taalnlng division, Texas Engineering

Extension Service)

Carroll Brickenkamp (Manage*., Research and development, O^lce ofi Weight* and Measure* , MBS)

Coordinator

:

Mary Slaby [Omega Phi Alpha, Texas ASM Hnlvetislty)

74
Workshop E Report:

"The Food Processing and Packaging Industry"

The participants in this workshop were:

Carroll Brickenkamp (NBS)

Chip Kloos (Hunt-Wesson)

Ed Wolski (Colgate Palmolive)

Jim Bird (State of New Jersey)

Joe Bow (Single Service Institute)

Kathy Weber (Coors)

Tony Ladd (Pkg & Weighing Systems)

Bob Peterson (ANMC)

Mary Slaby (TEEX)

Harold E. Lanton (TEEX)

The group, using the questionnaire outline provided to all

participants, discussed needs and attempted to answer the questions by

annotating the questionnaire as follows:

1. What are the career opportunities in your field?

Technicians - quality and quantity requiring skilled training --

Hunt-Wesson: 400; we are 5% of food industry--8000 in U.S.

Colgate: 150 in soap & detergents alone

Bow: 1,000 in paper/container industry

ASQC: has 20,000 managers in QC —thi s gives you an idea of

the number of people involved.

Engineers - chemical, electrical, mechanical, packaging, QC same number — (C/P even more because we hire

engineers mainly)

Ma nagers - Quality Assurance, plant manaaer, all levels

C/P -- promoted from within

Sales - the training in measurement intensive areas for sales is

novel but not necessary

2. Where are such qualified people found?

Many times from other companies rather than from schools.

3. Would industry ever pay attention to a certification program?

Yes--in data processing, QC, etc. But "just another short

course"; No, this would have no weight in hiring, etc.

75
4 . Does the career program in your field have definite steps? If not,

should there be such a definition of the career program?

Professional promotion based on 1) promotabi 1 i ty , 2) availability of opening. Technician promotion based on ability

( promotabi 1 ity)

5. What is minimum level of formal education required? In what field?

Technicians: High school diploma or equivalent

Professional: college degree except for computer programmers.

6. What minimum experience is required? In what skill areas?

Technician: little to none - 5-10 years to progress

Levels of non-managerial/non-supervisory (4 years to progress)

vs. managerial/supervisory (10-15 years to progress)

In some companies, it is management's prerogative.

7. In terms of specific subjects as follows, what is level of need?

Key :

1-

-must have

2-

-needs

3-

-nice (but drop for now)

Tech. Engr. Mgr.

Fundamental

s

Basic Math 1 1 1 Advanced Math (calculus, algebra) 2,3 1 2 Base and Derived Units 3,2 1 1,2

Basic Metrology (how to measure) 1 1 3

Statistics, Sampling 3 2* 2*

Quality Assurance (philosophy & oversights of QC) 3 3,2 1 Metric/SI System 3 1 3

Inspection (managing or doing)

Basics, Accuracy, Precision 1,2 1 1 Specifications, Codes 3,2 1 1 Requi rements 3,2 1 1 Devices 2 1 3

Product 2 1 3

Variable Frequency 3 1 1

Laws and Regulations

Equity 3 2 1 Uniformity 3 2 1 Fraud 3 2 1 Enforcement 3 2 1 Prosecution 3 2 1

*In some areas this is a "1"

76
Tech. Engr. Mgr.

Organization

Goals, Objectives 3 2 1 Program Evaluation

(justification) 3 2 1 Budgeting, Financial Management 3 2 1 Records 3 2 1

Technical -- Weber 2 1 2.5

Ladd 2 1 3

Wol ski 3 1 1 Bow 3 1 2 Kloos 2 1 2 Lanton 2 1 3

SI aby 2 1 2

8. In terms of type of training programs, what would be the desired

length (days) of a formal training program for:

( 1 ) job entry (2) updating (3) upgrading?

(1) (2) (3)

a. Internal Training Programs 0 1/2 1 b. On-the-job Training 5 1 1 c. What NBS presently provides 0 0 0

d. Professional Soc. Short

Courses 0 2 2 e. Books/Magazines, Literature 0 0 0

f. Professional Soc. Conferences 0 2 2 g- University/Col leges 0 3 5 h. Government Seminars 0 1 0

i . Self-study Courses 0 2 6

j. Manufacturer Training--function of complexity of device or system

k. Technical schools/vocational/

manual 0 0 0

1. By consultants 0 1/2 1

What qualifications should training specialists have to teach in

your area of expertise?

Recognized; state-of-art ; able to teach; experience in area being taught.

77
Where do your trained people come from?

Schools; other industries; within own company; government.

Identify training efforts that have not been effective and should not be

tried?

Too much too fast -- shouldn't be too. much theory, or general

purpose; must be hands-on, specific. Shouldn't exceed needs of

job or capability of students.

Identify training efforts that have been effective and should be

supported? reinstituted? expanded?

100% job related -- hands on -- finite answer to problems —

include a pleasant atmosphere -- effective visual aids

9. What type of training materials/aids are needed? Are currently

available?

Depending on what you're going to do, they're all needed.

a. Textbooks -- to meas. practitioners, limited need

b. Handbooks -- most needed, are available

c. Films — poor, not as useful to industry workers.

d. Slides

e. Audio-video

f. Equipment--tool

s

g. Devices

h. Other

10. If, in the next eighteen months, a course (or courses) were offered

in the area(s) of your need(s), how many people would your

organization send?

If it applies to my people and it were available where I needed it,

C/P — 3 people from 4 diff. places = 12

H/W -- same + 1 or 2 from corporate level

3,000 measurement related associations — 1 apiece.

During the past two years, what courses have you (or people in your

organization) attended (by type, duration, cost)?

Not sent across country--

1 to 2 people per year per plant -- QC-like course.

C/P week duration, $1,500 total costs apiece

H/W week $500 apiece

What length of a training course would your organization support?

Up to one week.

At what cost level would your organization underwrite training

course(s) answered in the affirmative above? (tuition, materials,

travel )

.

$500- $1 , 500 total costs

78
11. Is certification of competence really desired by the profession?

For student, yes.

Is such certification now required? No.

If it is presently required, who does the certfication? If it is

not presently required, but desired, who should be the certifying

authority? NCWM.

79
Conference Analysis

Lloyd Fite

The individual workshop reports have been studied and summarized

to identify the training needs from the following five areas:

Government Regulatory Officials

Measurement Laboratories

The Weighing Industry

The Measuring Industry

The Food Processing and Packaging Industry

The five workshops identified their specific training requirements

which have been consolidated into the Training Matrix for Measurement

Practi tioners as illustrated in Table I. A topic outline is provided

in Table II which identifies the courses to meet the training requirements identified at the Conference. It is proposed that each course

be a complete training module with student reference material and

training aids to provide hands-on experience. It is the consensus of

the workshops that hands-on experience is a must for the training to

be successful. The modular courses must be designed and developed such

that the training can be conducted in any region of the United States

and provide maximum laboratory and measurement experience to the

participants. The length of each module will depend upon the technical

nature of the material.

The modular concept of the training program will allow for the

selection of individual courses or groups of courses depending upon the

requirements of the student and his employer. This flexibility is

required as the training requirements vary not only between regulatory

officials and industry, but also between industries and between

individual students.

In-Plant training programs are currently used by most industries

attending the conference. Government Regulatory Officials utilize

manufacturer schools in an attempt to stay abreast with technological

changes and participate in the training programs provided by the

National Bureau of Standards. Measurement Laboratory personnel attend

the NBS Basic and Intermediate Laboratory Metrology Seminars on a routine basis.

80
The number of potential students requiring training were identified

as follows:

Government Regulatory Officials - 3,000 plus 300/year

Measurement Laboratories - 1,000 to 1,200

The Weighing Industry - 15,000 to 20,000

The Measuring Industry - 300 to 400/year

The Food Processing & Packaging Industry - 1,500 to 2,000

The certification of technicians and industrial personnel is not

considered acceptable although representatives from The Food Processing

and Packaging Industry felt that Certification of Quality Control

personnel would be acceptable. The Regulatory Officials indicated that

certification of Field Inspectors was desired but not required.

The following key points for Measurement Practi tioners in

Metrology were identified:

1. Severe need for Industrial Service Technicians and short course update of present Technicians.

2. Industry obtains Technicians from other companies and

the mil itary

.

3. Approximately 15% of new Field Inspectors are obtained

from industry.

4. Educational requirements for Service Technicians is High

School and/or Technical School Graduates.

5. Educational requirements for Field Inspectors is High School

or College Graduates, depending upon State laws, etc.

6. Educational requirements for Engineers is a College Degree.

7. Supervisors and Managers are promoted from Technician and

Engineering positions within the organization.

It is the consensus of the workshops that formal training would

be of benefit to all new employees. In addition, short courses should

be conducted as technology changes with a minimum of one course per

year to keep personnel abreast of technical developments.

The workshop reports suggest short courses varying from 1 to 5 days (2 weeks maximum) at a suggested cost of $650 per student plus

travel for a 5-day training program.

81
The next step in developing the curriculum for Measurement

Practitioners will be the preparation of a course syllabus for each

training module. The course syllabus will identify the objectives

of the module, course length, prerequi si tes , topics to be covered,

including related hands-on experience, and associated cost for the

module. With a well defined course syllabus, student reference

material and laboratory experiments can be written and training aids

developed to provide meaningful measurement experience.

82
TRAINING

MATRIX

FOR

MEASUREMENT

PRACTITIONERS

iSTRY

REPAIR

Basic Basic

Update Basic Basic

Update BasicUpdate Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic

Intermediate

INDU

MAINTENANCE

Basic Basic

Update

Basic Basic

Update BasicUpdate Basic

Intermediate

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermediate

Basic

.S

SUPERVISOR

Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermediate

Basic

REGULATORY

OFFICIAL

INSPECTOR

—

Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic

Intermediate

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Advanced

Basic Basic

Intermedi

ate

Basic Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermediate

Basic

Intermedia

te

Basic

TRAINEE

Basic Basic Basic Basic Basic

Intermediate

Basic Basic Basic Basic Basic Basic Basic

TOPICS

Metrology

Laws

and

Regulations

rj

Organization

Units

and

Systems

Inspection

and

Test

Procedures

Applications

of

Devices

Statistics

and

Sampling 1

leoLutpbi.j

1|

CO

-*-» c

QJ

u3 --'5

£, £

SZ GJ o- s:

i

Electronics Electrical!

Measurements

Computer

Terrni

nol

ogy

83
TABLE II TOPIC OUTLINE

for

Measurement Practitioners

METROLOGY

History of Measurements

Basic Metrology

Masic Math

Basic and Derived Units

Quality Assurance

Traceabi 1 i ty

LAWS AND REGULATIONS

Equi ty

Uniformity

Fraud

Enforcement

Prosecution

History

ORGANIZATION

Goals and Objectives

Program Evaluation

Records

Financial Management

Supervisory Skills Development

MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SYSTEMS

Metric/SI System

NBS H-44 Unit/Systems

SMA Terms and Definitions

Conversions

U.S. Customary Systems (Avoir, Apoth, Troy, etc.)

Measurement Assurance

INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES

Theory of Testing

NCWM/NBS Handbooks

Terminology

Specifications and Codes

Requi rements

Care of Standards

Precision and Accuracy

Standard Test Procedures

Area Test Procedures

Environmental Testing

Automatic Calibration and Test Procedures

84
APPLICATIONS OF DEVICES

Survey of Existing and New Electronic Weighing Devices

Survey of Existing and New Electronic Measuring Devices

Study of Existing and New Measuring-Weighing Systems

Programmable Controllers

Maintenance of Devices

Device Safety

STATISTICS AND SAMPLING

Basic Statistical Analysis

Sampling Techniques and Procedures

Systematic and Random Errors

MECHANICAL

Principles of Levers

Friction and Lubrication

Dials and Beams

Length, Angle, and Form

Suspension System

Terminology

Elements of Mechanical Measuring Devices

Device Safety

PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS

Mass and Density

Volume and Capacity

Force

Pressure

Temperature

Radiation

Optics

Vacuum

Flow

Strain Gages and Transducers

Vibration and Acceleration

Acoustics and Sound

Safety

ELECTRONICS

Analog Technology

D.C. Circuits

A.C. Circuits

Digital Technology

Numbering Systems

Digital Circuits

Solid State Circuits and Applications

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Use of Null Detectors

Test Equipment

Load Cells

85
Time and Frequency

RF and Microwave

Electrical Standards

Calibration Techniques and Procedures

Interference Busing

Ground Loops

Relay Logic Systems

Schematics

Troubleshooting Procedures and Techniques

Electrical Safety

ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS

Instrument Noise

Ground Loops

Installation and Maintenance of Devices

Terminology

Analog Control Loops

Digital Control Loops

Device Safety

COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY

Input/Output Characteristics

Serial

Paral 1 el

Microprocessor Based Systems

Automatic Control Systems

Terminology

86
Appendix A

Conference Participants

87

Alphabetical

Abbott, Richard H. State Department of Highways

and Public Transportation

Austin, Texas 78703

Belue, F. Michael

Southwest Pump Company

Box 280

Bonhaum, Texas 75418

Allen, Aaron R. Gulf Oil Co. U.S.

Box 222808

Dallas, Texas 75222

Bentley, Jim E. Gast Stop Stores, Inc.

Box 462

Belton, Texas 76513

Allen, Eric

The Measuregraph Company

B06 Technology

St. Louis, Missouri 63108

Berman, Gerald A.

National Bureau of Standards

B06 Technology

Washington, D. C. 20234

Alloway, John W.

Nebraska Department of

Agriculture, Division of

Weights and Measures

Box 94757

Lincoln, Nebraska 68509

Bird, James R. New Jersey Office of Weights and

Measures

187 West Hanover Street

Trenton, New Jersey 08055

Anderson, Gary T.

Electroscale Corp.

12523 Split Rail

Austin, Texas 78750

Bow, Joseph W.

Single Service Institute

1025 Connecticut Ave., N. W.

Washington, D.C. 20036

Armstrong, John

Government of Canada

Weights and Measures

Legal Metrology Branch

Ottawa, Ontario K1A0C9

Canada

Bratle, Edward A.

NCR Corp.

1700 South Patterson

Dayton, Ohio 45479

Bartfai, John J.

New York Bureau of Weights and

Measures

State Campus Building 7-A

Albany, New York 12235

Brickenkamp, Carroll S.

Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Bechtel , M. E. , III

Ford Aerospace and Communications

3900 Wei sh Road

Willow Grove, Pennsylvania 19090

Buckmaster, Ronald G.

Market Industry Division

Oklahoma Department of Agriculture

118 Florence Drive

Cordell, Oklahoma 73632

89
Carner, Darwin L. General Electric ICES

8800 Wal 1 i svil 1 e Road

Houston, Texas 77029

Chase, Thomas E. American Scientific Products

900 N. Shore Drive

Lake Bluff, Illinois 60044

Clement, Maurice C. CREPAC0, Inc.

100 S. CP Ave.

Lake Mills, Wisconsin 53551

Col brook, Sidney R. Illinois Department of Agriculture

Emmerson Building Fairgrounds

Springfield, Illinois 62706

Darsey, Stanford J. Florida Department of Agriculture

and Consumer Services

Mayo Building

Tallahassee, Florida 32301

Degrange, Lacy H. Maryland Department of Agriculture

Weights and Measures

Symons Hall, Univ. of Maryland

Room 3205

College Park, Maryland 20742

Delfino, Ezio F. California Division of Measurement

Standards

8500 Fruitridge Road

Sacramento, California 95826

Divin, Randy

Houston Scale Company

7609 Broadview

Houston, Texas 77061

Ebert, George W.

CREPAC0, Inc.

100 S. CP Ave.

Lake Mills, Wisconsin 53551

Egnew, Ron C. Kentucky Department of Agriculture

106 W. 2nd Street

Frankfort, Kentucky 40601

Eskew, Herb

Texas Department of Agriculture

119 Comberland Road

Austin, Texas 78704

Fonger, Robert

Bennett Pump Co.

Box 597

Muskegon, Michigan 49443

Forester, Charles

Supervi sor Texas Department of Agriculture

P. 0. Box 12847

Austin, Texas 78711

Geiler, Thomas F. Barnstable Weights & Measures Dept.

397 Main Street

Hyannis, Massachusetts 02601

Gerdom, Walter F. Tokheim Corp.

1602 Wabash Avenue

Fort Wayne, Indiana 46801

Godsman, Mitchell S.

Bennett Pump Co.

1504 Westshire Lane

Richmond, Virginia 23233

90
Gray, Richard M. Aabbott Scales

Box 8751

Houston, Texas 77009

Green, Donald H. Aabbott Scales

Box 8751

Houston, Texas 77090

Guensler, Darrell A.

California Division of Measurement

Standards

8500 Fruitridge Road

Sacramento, California 95826

Harman, Charles W.

BN RR

3253 East Chestnut Expressway

Springfield, Missouri 65802

Harris, Harold E. Exxon Co.

Box 2180

Houston, Texas 77001

Hasko, Stephen

Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Heffernan, Ann P. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

207 Metrology Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Hindsman, Sam F. Weights and Measures Division

4608 West 61st Street

Little Rock, Arkansas 72209

Hurley, Richard H. Fairbanks Weighing Division

St. Johnsbury, Vermont 05819

Jones, Merrill C. Measurement Standards

Laboratory 2553

Sandia National Labs

Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185

Kloos, Chip

Section Head--R&D

Hunt Wesson Foods Inc.

1645 W. Valencia

Fullerton, California 92634

Kutscher, Norman K. City of Harvey

15320 Broadway

Harvey, Illinois 60426

Ladd, Anthony J.

Weights and Measures/Consumer

Protection

1420 Triplett Boulevard

Akron, Ohio 44306

Latham, H. Harrison

Oklahoma Department of Agriculture

Room 122

State Capitol Building

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105

Leedy, Kathryn

National Bureau of Standards

B362 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Leonhardt, Donald C. Marti n-Decker

1928 S. Grand Avenue

Santa Ana, California 92705

91
Lindberg, George R. General Electrodynamics

4430 Forest Lane

Garland, Texas 75067

Linduff, Carl E. General Electrodynamics

4430 Forest Lane

Garland, Texas 75040

Lucas, Dave L. Cardinal Scale Manufacturing

2618 Aero Drive

Grand Prairie, Texas 75051

McCoubrey, Arthur 0.

National Bureau of Standards

Physics Building A363

Washington, D.C. 20234

McLean, Don V. McLean Scale Co.

Box 32444

San Antonio, Texas 78216

Mossberg, Wesley R. Los Angeles Co. Weights and

Measures

11012 Garfield Avenue

South Gate, California 90280

Nicol , William F. Nicol Scales, Inc.

Box 222288

Dallas, Texas 75222

Oakley, Charles H. US DA P&S Ams

14th and Independence

Washington, D.C. 20250

O'Connor, James M.

Iowa Department of Agriculture

Henry A. Wallace Building

Des Moines, Iowa 50319

Offner, Daniel I. City of St. Louis

1220 Carr Lane Avenue

Room 145

St. Louis, Missouri 63112

Oppermann, Henry V. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Petersen, Robert J.

American National Metric Council

1625 Massachusetts Avenue

Washington, D.C. 20036

Prideaux, Earl

Adolph Coors Co.

30 South 13th Avenue

Brighton, Colorado 80601

Rankin, Warren H. BN BR

3253 E. Chestnut Expressway

Springfield, Missouri 65802

Reitz, Will iam C.

Liquid Controls Corp.

Box 101

North Chicago, Illinois 60064

Rothleder, Joseph

California Division of Measures

8500 Fruitridge Road

Sacramento, California 95826

92
Stewart, James C.

Weights and Measures,

Commonwealth of Virginia

1 North 14th Street

Richmond, Virginia 23219

Stribling, Frank L. Mobay Chemical Corp.

Hawthorn Road

60006 Kansas City, Missouri 64120

Schrader, Donald L. Yuba College

N. Beale Road

Marysville, California 95901

Sherman, William H. Northrop Corp.

Box 1042

Arlington Heights, Illinois

Smith, Richard N. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A207 Metrology Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Soberg, Donald J.

Wisconsin Department of

Agricul ture

,

Trade and Consumer Protection

Box 8911

Madison, Wisconsin 53708

Southers, Richard

American Petroleum Institute

2101 L Street NW

Washington, D.C. 20037

Stabler, Thomas M.

The Institute for Weights and

Measures

Box 14399

Columbux, Ohio 43214

Stadolnik, Edward H. Commonwealth of Massachusetts,

Division of Standards

Room 1115, One Ashburton Place

Boston, Massachusetts 02108

Stagg, Philip A.

Louisiana Department of

Agricul ture

Box 44456

Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804

Stringfield, Roy

Houston Scale Company

7609 Broadview

Houston, Texas 77061

Swanson, Joseph L. Chief of Weights and Measures

Alaska Weights and Measures Section

P. 0. Box 10-1686

Anchorage, Alaska 99511

Tholen, Albert D. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Thompson, Richard L. Weights and Measures Section

Maryland Department of Agriculture

3205 Symons Hall, Maryland U. College Park, Maryland 20742

Warnlof, Otto K. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Weber, Kathy A.

Adolph Coors Co.

Golden, Colorado 80401

93
White, Thomas J.

Federal Grain Inspection Service

3725 Chime Street

Irving, Texas 75062

Wollin, Harold F. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A207 Metrology Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Wol ski , Edward E. Management Quality Control

Colgate Palmolive Company

300 Park Avenue

New York City, New York 10022

Woodruff, Denzil R. Nicol Scales, Inc.

Box 222288

Dallas, Texas 75222

Yerkes, Harley H. Pennsylvania Scale Company

21 Graybill Road

Leola, Pennsylvania 17540

94
Zip Code Order

Armstrong, John

Government of Canada

Weights and Measures

Legal Metrology Branch

Ottawa, Ontario K1A0C9

Canada

Stadolnik, Edward H. Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Division of Standards

Room 1115, One Ashburton Place

Boston, Massachusetts 02108

Geiler, Thomas F. Barnstable Weights & Measures

Dept.

397 Main Street

Hyannis, Massachusetts 02601

Hurley, Richard H. Fairbanks Weighing Division

St. Johnsbury, Vermont 05819

Bird, James R. New Jersey Office of Weights

and Measures

187 West Hanover Street

Trenton, New Jersey 08055

Wol ski , Edward E

.

Management Quality Control

Colgate Palmolive Company

300 Park Avenue

New York City, New York 10022

Bartfai, John J. New York Bureau of Weights

and Measures

State Campus Building 7-A

Albany, New York 12235

Yerkes, Harley H. Pennsylvania Scale Company

21 Graybill Road

Leola, Pennsylvania 17540

Bechtel , M. E. , III

Ford Aerospace and Communications

Corporation

3900 Welsh Road

Willow Grove, Pennsylvania 19090

Bow, Joseph W.

Single Service Institute

1025 Connecticut Ave., N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20036

Petersen, Robert J.

American National Metric Council

1625 Massachusetts Avenue

Washington, D.C. 20036

Southers, Richard

American Petroleum Institute

2101 L Street NW

Washington, D.C. 20037

Berman, Gerald A.

National Bureau of Standards

B06 Technology

Washington, D.C. 20234

Brickenkamp, Carroll S.

Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Hasko, Stephen

Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Heffernan, Ann P. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A207 Metrology Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

95
Leedy, Kathryn

National Bureau of Standards

B362 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

McCoubrey, Arthur 0.

National Bureau of Standards

Physics Building A363

Washington, D.C. 20234

Oppermann, Henry V. Office of Weights and Measures,

National Bureau of Standards

363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Smith, Richard N. Office of Weights and Measures,

National Bureau of Standards

A207 Metrology Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Tholen, Albert D. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Warnlof, Otto K. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A363 Physics Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Wollin, Harold F. Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

A207 Metrology Building

Washington, D.C. 20234

Oakley, Charles H. USDA P&S Ams

14th and Independence

Washington, D.C. 20250

Degrange, Lacy H.

Maryland Department of Agriculture

Weights and Measures

Symons Hall, Univ. of Maryland

Room 3205

College Park, Maryland 20742

Thompson, Richard L. Weights and Measures Section

Maryland Department of Agriculture

3205 Symons Hall, Maryland University

College Park, Maryland 20742

Darsey, Stanford J. Florida Department of Agriculture

and Consumer Services

Mayo Building

Tallahassee, Florida 32301

Egnew, Ron C.

Kentucky Department of Agriculture

106 W. 2nd Street

Frankfort, Kentucky 40601

Stabler, Thomas M. The Institute for Weights and

and Measures

Box 14399

Columbus, Ohio 43214

Ladd, Anthony J.

Weights and Measures/Consumer

Protection

1420 Triplett Boulevard

Akron, Ohio 44306

Stewart, James C.

Weights and Measures

Co Commonweal th of Virginia

1 North 14th Street

Richmond, Virginia 23219

Godsman, Mitchell S.

Bennett Pump Co.

1504 Westshire Lane

Richmond, Virginia 23233

96
Bratle, Edward A.

NCR Corp.

1700 South Patterson

Dayton, Ohio 45479

Gerdom, Walter F. Tokheim Corp.

1602 Wabash Avenue

Fort Wayne, Indiana 46801

Fonger, Robert

Bennett Pump Co.

Box 597

Muskegon, Michigan 49443

O'Connor, James M. Iowa Department of Agriculture

Flenry A. Wallace Building

Des Moines, Iowa 50319

Clement, Maurice C.

CREPAC0, Inc.

100 S. CP Avenue

Lake Mills, Wisconsin 53551

Ebert, George W.

CREPAC0, Inc.

100 S. CP Ave.

Lake Mills, Wisconsin 53551

Soberg, Donald J. Wisconsin Department of

Agricul ture,

Trade and Consumer Protection

Box 8911

Madison, Wisconsin 53708

Sherman, William H. Northrop Corp

Box 1042

Arlington Hei g ht s , Illinois 60006

Chase, Thomas E. American Scientific Products

900 N. Shore Drive

Lake Bluff, Illinois 60044

Reitz, William C.

Liquid Controls Corp.

Box 101

North Chicago, Illinois 60064

Kutscher, Norman K. City of Ha rvey

15320 Broadway

Harvey, Illinois 60426

Colbrook, Sidney R. Illinois Department of Agriculture

Emmerson Building Fairgrounds

Springfield, Illinois 62706

Allen, Eric

The Measuregraph Company

4245 Forest Park Boulevard

St. Louis, Missouri 63108

Offner, Daniel I. City of St. Louis

1220 Carr Lane Avenue

Room 145

St. Louis, Missouri 63112

Stribling, Frank L. Mobay Chemical Corp.

Hawthorn Road

Kansas City, Missouri 64120

Harman, Charles W.

BN RR

3253 East Chestnut Expressway

Springfield, Missouri 65802

97
Rankin, Warren H. White, Thomas J. BN RR Federal Grain Inspection Service

3253 E. Chestnut Expressway 3725 Chime Street

Springfield, Missouri 65802 Irving, Texas 75062

Alloway, John W. Lindberg, George R. Nebraska Department of Agriculture General El ectrodynamics

Division of Weights and Measures 4430 Forest Lane

Box 94757

Lincoln, Nebraska 68509

Garland, Texas 75067

Stagg , Phi lip A.

Louisiana Department of

Agricul ture

Box 44456

Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804

Allen, Aaron R. Gulf Oil Co. U.S.

Box 222808

Dallas, Texas 75222

Hindsman, Sam F. Weights and Measures Division

4608 West 61st Street

Little Rock, Arkansas 72209

Nicol , William F. Nicol Scales, Inc.

Box 222288

Dallas, Texas 75222

Latham, H. Harrison

Oklahoma Department of Agriculture

Room 122

State Capitol Building

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105

Woodruff, Denzil R. Nicol Scales, Inc.

Box 222288

Dallas, Texas 75222

Buckmaster, Ronald G.

Market Industry Division

Oklahoma Department of

Agricul ture

118 Florence Drive

Cordell, Oklahoma 73632

Belue, F. Michael

Southwest Pump Company

Box 280

Bonham, Texas 75418

Linduff, Carl E. General El ectrodynamics

4430 Forest Lane

Garland, Texas 75040

Bentley, Jim E. Fast Stop Stores, Inc.

Box 462

Belton, Texas 76513

Lucas, Dave L. Cardinal Scale Manufacturing

2618 Aero Drive

Grand Prairie, Texas 75051

Harris, Harold E. Exxon Co.

Box 2180

Houston, Texas 77001

98
Gray, Richard M. Aabbott Scales

Box 8751

Houston, Texas 77009

Green, Donald H. Aabbott Scales

Box 8751

Houston, Texas 77009

Carner, Darwin L. General Electric ICES

8800 Wallisville Road

Houston, Texas 77029

Divin, Randy

Houston Scale Company

7609 Broadview

Houston, Texas 77061

Stringfield, Roy

Houston Scale Company

7609 Broadview

Houston, Texas 77061

McLean, Don V. McLean Scale Co.

Box 32444

San Antonio, Texas 78216

Abbott, Richard H. State Department of Highways

and Public Transportation

Austin, Texas 78703

Eskew, Herb

Texas Department of Agriculture

119 Comberland Road

Austin, Texas 78704

Forester, Charles

Supervi sor Texas Department of Agriculture

P. 0. Box 12847

Austin, Texas 78711

Anderson, Gary T.

Electroscale Corp.

12523 Split Rail

Austin, Texas 78750

Weber, Kathy A.

Adolph Coors Co.

Golden, Colorado 80401

Prideaux, Earl

Adolph Coors Co.

30 South 13th Avenue

Brighton, Colorado 80601

Jones, Merrill C. Measurement Standards Laboratory

2553

Sanda National Labs

Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185

Moss berg, Wesley R. Los Angeles Co. Weights & Measures

11012 Garfield Avenue

South Gate, California 90280

Kloos, Chip

Section Head--R&D

Hunt Wesson Foods Inc.

1645 W. Valencia

Fullerton, California 92634

Leonhardt, Donald C.

Martin-Decker

1928 S. Grand Avenue

Santa Ana, California 92705

99
Delfino, Ezio F. California Division of Measurement

Standards

8500 Fruitridge Road

Sacramento, California 95826

Guensler, Darrell A.

California Division of Measurement

Standards

8500 Fruitridge Road

Sacramento, California 95826

Rothleder, Joseph

California Division of Measures

8500 Fruitridge Road

Sacramento, California 95826

Schrader, Donald L. Yuba College

N. Beale Road

Marysville, California 95901

Swanson, Joseph L. Chief of Weights and Measures

Alaska Weights and Measures Section

P. 0. Box 10-1686

Anchorage, Alaska 99511

100
Appendix B

The Texas Engineering Extension Service

101

Appendix B

The Texas Engineering Extension Service

The Texas A&M University System has provided job-related training

on an extension basis for more than half a century. By 1948, these

activities had reached such proportions that the Texas Engineering

Extension Service was established to carry out statewide extension

responsibilities of the land-grant institution of Texas.

Training programs are conducted for public service employees; for

employees in business, industry, and engineering-rel ated fields; and

for teachers of vocational subjects. Over 50,000 persons attended the

2,100 classes conducted during the past year by the training divisions

of the Texas Engineering Extension Service.

In addition to providing vocational training, the Texas Engineering

Extension Service disseminates information on public works, fire

protection, teacher training, energy conservation, and electric power

utilities.

Headquartered on the campus of Texas A&M University in College

Station, the Texas Engineering Extension Service accommodates the

training needs of the citizens of Texas through a network of regional

training centers located at Arlington, Floydada, Corpus Christi, and

San Antonio.

The concept of taking its programs to the people rather than

bringing the people to the programs is an integral part of the Texas

Engineering Extension Service philosophy.

The largest of the training divisions is the Fire Protection

Training Division--dedicated to training firefighters in all aspects

of fire prevention and control. With courses ranging from basic,

entry level training for recruit firefighters to specialized courses

in liquefied natural gas fire control and safety, the Fire Protection

Training Division is recognized worldwide for its unique training

programs and facilities. On-campus courses are conducted year round

at Brayton Firemen Training Field, a 60-acre facility adjacent to

the Texas A&M University campus.

The Oil and Hazardous Material Control Training Division was established to train industry and government personnel in the prevention and control of oil and hazardous material incidents. The 40-hour

103
Oil Spill Control Course is a major function of the division. Classroom

instruction is combined with field exercises to provide an optimum

balance of technical information and practical application.

Courses

are designed

Students are application.

offered by the Building Codes Inspection Training Division

to encourage and train people in the code inspection field,

familiarized with the development, administration,

and enforcement of codes.

Area extension courses cover new methods of effective code

enforcement and techniques of field inspection and management.

The Law Enforcement and Security Training Division provides

certification training for basic law enforcement, private security, and

polygraph licensing. In addition, courses in traffic law enforcement,

advanced accident investigation, and intermediate and advanced law

enforcement are offered.

The Public Works Training Division provides city, county, and State

public works personnel with training designed to shorten the time period

between the development and the implementation of public works

technology.

Sanitation, street and roadway construction, engineering,

transportation , and energy conservation are key training subjects. The

division's Technology Resource Center serves as a focal point for the

dissemination of information to cities and State agencies regarding

public works technology.

The Water and Wastewater Training Division provides certification

training courses which are required for water and wastewater operators

employed by municipalities, privately owned utilities, and rural water

supply corporations. Advanced courses supplement the basic training

programs. The division's training facilities in Bryan include a modern

laboratory for the complete bacteriological and chemical analysis of

water and wastewater.

Persons employed in the heavy construction equipment industry

receive training from the Construction Equipment Training Division. The

division's specially designed facility at the Texas A&M University

Research and Extension Center at Bryan enables students to perform fullscale construction operations and exercises on a 50-acre training field.

A Heavy Equipment Operator Program provides basic courses in four

equipment areas: crawler tractors, motor graders, motor scrapers, and

dragl ines.

104
The Equipment Maintenance and Safety Program includes a study of

equipment mechanisms which require specific maintenance care as well

as safety techniques of maintenance.

The Electric Power Utilities Training Division provides onsite

training in the construction, maintenance, and operation of modern

power distribution and transmission systems.

Short schools held at the division's headquarters in Bryan utilize

indoor and outdoor laboratories, classrooms, and facilities built to

operational specifications.

The Electronics Training Division conducts the Institute of

Electronic Science, an 18-month preemployment training program

designed to develop high-level electronic technicians for industry.

Short courses which have been developed for industry include

Industrial Motor Controls, Basic Electronics, Industrial Soldering

Techniques, Oscilloscope Measurements, Electronic Motor Controls,

Transistor Circuits and Applications, Digital Electronics, Linear

Integrated Circuits, Troubleshooting Electronic Circuitry, and

Microprocessor Control Technology.

Supervisory and management personnel learn effective supervision

and management through courses offered by the Supervisory Training

Division. Effective communication, improved job methods, supervisory

problems, and employee safety are among the topics included in the

basic training program. Courses for middle and top management include

financial management, personnel selection and appraisal, and time

management.

The Telecommunications Training Division provides basic training

for individuals newly employed in the telephone industry and advanced

training for more experienced personnel.

Courses are divided into two broad areas: outside plant

operations (which include telephone line installation and repair) and

inside plant operations (which cover switching equipment installation

and maintenance). Courses conducted regularly include station

installation, basic electricity, cable splicing, cable pressurization,

key systems, fault location, test boards, and logic fundamentals.

The Special Programs Training Division was established to meet

specific training needs which are not covered through programs of

the other training divisions. Training is offered for women in

construction crafts and highway construction and for persons involved

in food management. Career and personal growth seminars are conducted

for persons interested in developing their lifelong goals. Other areas

of interest and of program development include the coordination of

vocational training for trade and professional organizations,

counsel ing, and job training for handicapped persons.

105
The Vocational Industrial Teacher Education Division provides

supplemental training for teachers and coordinators in vocational

fields of study. Courses are available for teachers at the secondary,

post secondary, and adult levels.

The program for secondary educators includes an orientation course

and six college level, credit courses.

The adult level program is tailored to meet the needs of

instructors of apprentices, trade extension instructors, and instructors in industrial training departments. The post secondary program

provides certification training for teachers and coordinators of

health occupations programs.

The San Antonio Training Division offers skills training in six

subject areas--auto mechanics, business technology, refrigeration and

air conditioning, production machine operation, radio-television

repair, and combination welding.

The International Training Division provides general support and

coordination within the Texas Engineering Extension Service for the

training of international students. Support ranges from intensive,

nontraditional English to completion of training programs. The

division provides cultural and social activities designed to ensure a comfortable transition into American society.

Recognizing the need for information concerning energy technology,

the Energy Technical Assistance Division has been implemented to assist

public institutions, business, and industry in effectively and

efficiently utilizing energy resources.

The Energy Technical Assistance Division provides direct

assistance through workshops, energy audits, responses to requests

for assistance, newsletters, and energy management programs.

By riding the crest of changing technology and staying attuned to

the needs of those it serves, the Texas Engineering Extension Service

continues to fulfill its responsibil ity of providing occupational and

technical training.

The measurement technology program will be developed and

instruction conducted by the Electronics Training Division.

The Electronics Training Division provides Basic, Advanced, and

Specialized Training for employment and advancement opportunities in

the field of electronics. Basic and Advanced Training is provided in

the Electronic Technology Training Program including Microprocessors

and Minicomputers through the Institute of Electronic Science.

106
The Electronic Technology Program is a non-degreed, non-accredi ted

program which emphasizes practical hands-on experience. This unique

training program was started in 1963 and the objective of the program

is to provide basic and advanced training to meet the industrial

requirements for non-degreed electronic technicians. This objective

is accomplished through an optimum blending of classroom and hands-on

experience. The students receive 30 hours of instruction per week for

18-months. The program is divided into three (3) six month terms and

each term consists of twenty-two (22) weeks. All instruction is

directly related to the subject of electronics, and approximately

sixty (60) percent of the total training is devoted to hands-on

laboratory experience. The curriculum, textbooks, and laboratory

experiments are revised as required to stay abreast with the

state-of-the-art.

The graduates of this program receive 1980 hours of supervised

classroom and laboratory instruction. The continuing demand for these

graduates is a result of the high level of instruction and practical

experience that the students receive at the Institute of Electronic

Science. More than 580 electronic technicians have graduated from this

program over the past 17 years.

Specialized Training is provided to meet the requirements of

individuals employed by industry. These training programs are designed

to upgrade the skills and efficiency of employed personnel through

the use of hands-on laboratory experiments, demonstrations, and lecture

material. These comprehensive programs are composed of instruction in

electronic fundamentals, troubleshooting, and repair of electronic

equipment and systems with emphasis placed on proper troubleshooting

procedures and techniques.

The Electronics Training Division is experienced in developing

specialized Training Programs for Industry. For example, the Marine

Electronic Technology Proqram was developed for the Maritime Industry

and is designed to teach the student the latest state-of-the-art

troubleshooting techniques and procedures for electronic equipment

similar to that found on their vessels. In this way, the student can apply the principles and techniques gained through this training

program to practical applications aboard his vessel.

The Marine Electronic Technology Training Program is divided into

three sections:

1. Basic Electronics - 4 Weeks

2. Correspondence Lessons - 20 Lessons

3. Advanced Electronics - 6 Weeks

The four-week course in Basic Electronics is designed to provide

the student with a comprehensive review of basic electronic circuits

and to discuss in detail the latest solid-state and integrated circuit

107
techniques. The laboratory experiments illustrate the theoretical

concepts presented in the lecture material and provide hands-on

experience with the test equipment required to troubleshoot electronic

circuits and systems.

The Correspondence Section of the Marine Electronics Program is

designed to investigate and apply the principles learned in the Basic

Electronics Section and to prepare the student for the Advanced portion

of the training program. Simple Laboratory experiments utilize the

supplied test equipment and components to extend the student's con- fidence and experience and to demonstrate the ideas presented in the

Twenty Lessons.

The emphasis of the Advanced portion of the program is placed on troubleshooting techniques and procedures. The application of these

troubleshooting techniques is discussed and demonstrated on actual

equipment similar to the electronic equipment aboard the vessels.

During the Advanced Phase, hands-on experience is acquired and the

theory of operation is discussed for X and S Band Radar, AM-FM-SSB

Communication Equipment, Loran, Lorain, Recording Fathometer, and AntiCollision Devices.

The success of this program has led to the development of an Electrical Training Program for Marine Engineers and we have been asked

to develop a continuation course for the Marine Electronic Technology

Program by the Texaco Marine Department.

The Electronics Training Division is headquartered at the

University Research and Extension Center at Bryan, Texas and has

Regional Training Programs located in San Antonio and Arlington, Texas.

I hope that this quick review tells you something of our expertise

and our experience in developing and conducting technical training

programs.

On January 12-13, 1981 a Conference on Technical Training for

Measurement Practi tioners was held at College Station, Texas to

determine the training needs for Metrology personnel. The training

needs from the following five areas were identified:

Government Regulatory Officials (State & National)

The Measuring Industry

The Weighing Industry

Measurement Laboratories

The Food Processing and Packaging Industry

108
The objective of this conference was to identify:

The background (experience and education) of the individual

attending the training programs;

The must know information for satisfactory job performance;

The should know information for satisfactory job performance;

The expected technical level of the graduate of the program;

The requirements for certification.

Once the common elements of these different areas have been

identified, the curriculum for the Measurement Technology Training

Programs will be developed. The strength of the proposed training

program is that it will be modular in concept; i.e., a series of short courses which may range from a few days to a few weeks in length, and

that it would be a national program which could be conducted in any

region of the United States. The length of each short course will

depend upon the technical nature of the material as well as the

background of the students attending the class.

The training program will be designed to be a complete course to

obtain the objectives established at the January Conference. The

modules may be selected individually or in groups depending upon the

requirements of the students and their employers. The course content of

each module will be complete in itself and all modules will be related

and compatible. This modular concept will allow for the addition of new subject areas as technology changes. To serve a national as well as international audience and because of the special training requirements

of different organizations, the programs will be designed to be

appropriate for a wide spectrum of technical personnel and others

working in Metrology.

There will be uniformity and consistency of the lecture material

and of the laboratory experiments. Training aids will be developed and

used throughout the courses to provide hands-on experience. A complete

set of reference material and workbooks will be retained by the student.

Overnight problem assignments will be given and reviewed at the

beginning of the following class day to monitor the students progress

through the training program. The progression of the training program

will utilize the results and experience of previous lessons to cover an extensive amount of material through practical and repetitive use. Therefore, the students continue to gain additional experience,

understanding, and confidence with each lesson and experiment.

The emphasis of the training program will be placed on hands-on

practical experience. The objective of the training program will be to

train measurement personnel and regulatory officials in the state-ofthe-art of measurement technology and to emphasize traceability and

assurance of measurement practices.

109
The programs will be structured such that the courses can be

presented anywhere in the United States or Foreign Countries. Arrangements for International Training would be administered through the

International Training Division of the Texas Engineering Extension

Service.

Possible curriculum structures of the Measurement Technology

Program may include but are not limited to such areas as:

Weighing and Measuring TechnologyMeasuring Instruments

Weights and Measures Law

Practical Statistics and Sampling

Principles of Construction, Operation, and Testing

of Weighing and Measuring Equipment

Enforcement

Packaging and Labeling

or

Metrology Theory - history of measurements, quality assurance

and traceability

Standards Laboratory Practice - precision, accuracy, statistics,

and sampling procedures

General Concepts - length, mass, density, volume, and temperature

Electronics - basic electronics, standard cell c

, low and high

frequency measurements, digital concepts, optical electronics,

and microprocessor applications

Transducers - pressure, temperature, flow meters, and strain gages

Because of the amount and complexity of the material, it is

anticipated that each class will be limited to 10 to 16 students.

Although this will increase the cost of the program, it will provide for

maximum student-instructor interaction.

A certificate of completion will be awarded to the students who

successfully complete the training program. Satisfactory completion

will be determined by the results of the overnight assignments,

laboratory experiments and a final examination.

Several Training Programs are in existence or have been proposed

for Metrology Personnel. These existing programs in Canada, Great

Britain, and West Germany will serve as a guideline and the difficulties

and successes of their experience will be considered in the development

of the program to be offered by the Texas Engineering Extension Service.

The other existing or proposed programs are primarily conducted at only

one location or based on the self-study concept. My personal experience

with the self-study or correspondence concept has not been satisfactory.

The success of the Correspondence Phase of the Marine Electronic

110
Technology Program results from the fact that the students attend

supervised classroom lecture and laboratory classes and that they must

complete the Correspondence Lessons to be eligible to return for the

Advanced Phase and complete the program. For maximum benefit to the

student and his employer, the Texas A&M program will be based on supervised classroom and laboratory instruction.

How to stay abreast of changes in technology is a constant

challenge. Additional short courses would be developed as technical

advances dictate to meet this challenge. For example, if a Measurement

Technology program were in existence today, short courses in Laser

Technology (grocery store checkout) and microprocessor controlled

gasoline pumps would be developed.

The development of course material, reference material to be

retained by the students, and training aids to provide hands-on

experience is very expensive. The Federal Government has seen fit to

consider the development of the Training Program on a one time basis.

The training would be on a fee basis or contract basis for industry.

The registration fee will be based on the expenses associated with the

training program as well as with future course development to maintain a current program as Technology changes.

The January Conference at College Station was to give the attendees

and others involved in Measurement Technology an opportunity to identify

their training needs, the background of the personnel attending the

short courses, and the establishment of the end product. Without this

information, the curriculum for the Measurement Technology Courses may

not satisfy their requirements for training nor increase the practical

skills and knowledge of their personnel.

Ill

Appendix C

Workshop Guide

Appendix C

Workshop Guide

The objective of the conference is to outline a training program

that would (1) prepare a person for a career, (2) update a person who

has fallen behind in technological developments, or (3) upgrade a person from one job level to a higher level. Five career "areas" have

been identified:

Government Regulatory

Measuring Laboratories

The Weighing Industry

The Measuring Industry

The Food Processing and Packaging Industry

Each of the five workshops was asked to identify the training

needs which should be established for the career area represented by

that workshop. Each workshop group was asked to concentrate on recording answers to the following questions for each category noted

above

:

1. What are the career opportunities in your field for:

Technicians

;

Engi neers

;

Managers

;

Sales; or Other.

2. In each of the above career fields, how many new employees are recruited annually?

3. Where are such qualified people found?

4. Does the career program in your field have definite, identifiable

steps? If not, should there be such a definition of the career

program?

5. What is the minimum level of formal education required? In what

field?

115
6. What minimum experience is required? In what skill areas?

7. What are specific subjects required? Of the subjects identified

(a through e below), address the following questions:

In what subjects must a person be competent in order to do the

job?

What information needs to be known to enhance or support the

basic knowledge?

What information would be nice to know in support of the basic

requirements?

What qualifications are required from a prospective employee at

the present time?

What training is required to meet these qualifications?

Other than at job entry, at what points or how frequently should

there be formal training programs for updating or upgrading?

a. Fundamentals

Basic Math

Advanced Math

Base and Derived Units

Basic Metrology

Statistics, Sampling

Quality Assurance

Metric/S I System

Other

b. Inspection

Basics, Accuracy, Precision

Specifications, Codes

Requi rements

Devices

Commodi ties

Variable Frequency

Other

c. Laws and Regulations

Equity

Uniformity

Fraud

Enforcement

Prosecution

Other

116
d. Organization

Goals, Objectives

Program Evaluation (justification)

Budgeting, Financial Management

Records

Other

e. Technical

Mass and Density

Volume and Capacity

Length, Angle, Form

Electrical Concepts

Mechanical

El ectronics

Strain Gages/Transducers

Solid State Components

Microprocessor Basics

Time and Frequency

Temperature

Pressure

Radiation

Environmental Testing

Automatic Testing

Weighing Devices

Measuring Devices

Measuring-Weighing Systems

Other

8. In terms of type of training programs such as:

a. Internal Training Programs

b. On-the-job Training

c. National Bureau of Standards

d. Professional Society Short Courses

e. Books/Magazines, Literature

f. Professional Society Conferences

g. University/Colleges

h. Government Seminars

i. Self-study Courses

j. Manufacturer Training

k. Technical Schools

l . Consul tants

What would be the desired length of a formal training program for

(1) job entry, (2) updating, (3) upgrading?

117
9. Can the type of training you are recommending be taken "to the

field"? If not, where should it be offered?

10. What qualifications should training specialists have to teach in

your area of expertise?

11. Where do your trained people come from?

12. Identify training efforts that have not been effective and should

not be tried?

13. Identify training efforts that have been effective and should be

supported? reinstituted? expanded?

14. What types of training materials/aids are needed--are currently

avai 1 abl e?

a. Textbooks

b. Handbooks

c. Films

d. Slides

e. Audio-video

f. Equipment-tools

g. Devices

h. Other

15. If, in the next eighteen months, a course (or courses) were offered in the area(s) of your need(s), how many people would

your organization send?

16. During the past two years, what courses have you (or people in

your organization) attended (by type, duration, cost)?

17. What length of a training course would your organization support?

None?

One day?

Two days?

Three days?

Up to one week?

Two weeks?

Up to one month?

One semester?

Night school?

One academic year?

118
18. At what cost level would your organization underwrite training

course(s) answered in the affirmative above? (tuition,

materials, travel).

19. Is certification of competence really desired by the profession?

Is such certification now required? If it is presently required,

who does the certification? If it is not presently required, but

desired, who should be the certifying authority.

119 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1981- 340-997/1670

NBS-114A (REV. 2-8C) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO. NBSIR 81-2282 (R)

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

May 1981

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Proceedings of Symposium on Technical Training for

Measurement Practitioners

5. author(S) - Edi tors

Albert D. Tholen and Lee J. Phillips

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see in struction s)

national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No.

8 . Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State. ZIP)

Office of Weights and Measures

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

| | Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (

A

200- word or less factual summary of most significant information. I f document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

This is a report of the proceedings (edited) of a Symposium sponsored by the Office

of Weights and Measures of the National Bureau of Standards and conducted by the

Texas Engineering Extension Service on January 12-13, 1981. The central matter

discussed was the identification of training needs of Federal, State, and local

weights and measures officials and metrologists to perform their jobs in view of

the rapid technological developments being realized in the field of metrology.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

Measurement practioners; professional development; technical training;

training, technical; vocational education; weights and measures.

13. AVAILABILITY

L | Unlimited

[ X I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

] Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

15. Price

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80