STUDIES IN 

TERTIARY 

STRATIGRAPHY OF 

THE CALIFORNIA 

COAST RANGES 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213 
COVER PHOTOGRAPH of benthic foraminifers from 

the Bear Creek area, Santa Cruz Mountains 
Studies in Tertiary Stratigraphy 

of the California Coast Ranges 

Edited by EARL E. BRABB 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213 

A series of closely related biostratigraphic studies 

that define the character, age, and correlation 

of microfossils from Tertiary rocks of the 

California Coast Ranges, as a basis for correlating 

with international stratigraphic standards 

lJ N IT ED STATES G 0 V E R N ME NT P R I NT I N G 0 F F ICE, WASH I N G T 0 N : 1983 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

JAMES G. WATT, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Studies in Tertiary stratigraphy of the California Coast Ranges. 

(Geological Survey professional paper ; 1213) 

Bibliography: p. 78-82 

Su p t • of Doc s • no • : I 1 9 • 16: 1 21 3 

1. Geology, stratigraphic--Tertiary. 2. Stratigraphic correlation--

Coast Ranges. 3. Geology--California. I. Brabb, Earl E., 1929-

II. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 

1213. 

QE691.S78 551.7'8'097941 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 

81-17864 

AACR2 
CONTENTS 

Introduction, by Earl E. Brabb .. . ..................... . 

Regional setting ........ ...................... . .................... . 

Paleogene benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and 

paleobathymetry of the central Coast Ranges of 

California, by W. A. BerggrE;!n and Jane Aubert 

Abstract ........ . 

Introduction 

Sample material .. 

Lodo Gulch area .. 

Foraminiferal biostratigraphy .. 

Paleobathymetry ................. . 

Devils Den (aqueduct section) area .... 

Foraminiferal biostratigraphy 

Paleobathymetry ............................... . 

Santa Cruz Mountains ............................................... . 

Smith Grade-Empire Grade area. 

Lompico area .................................. . 

Summary .............. . 

Lower Tertiary nannoplankton biostratigraphy in the central 

Coast Ranges of California, by A. D. Warren .. 

Abstract ............................ . 

Introduction . . ............................... . 

Devils Den (aqueduct) area ... . 

Lodo Gulch area .. 

Media Agua Creek area.... . ..................... . 

Comparison of the three areas .. 

The Paleogene of California-summary 

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Paleogene of 

the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, by Bilal U. Haq 

Definition of the Lodo Formation, by Earl E. Brabb ... 

Abstract ........................................... . 

Discussion ............. . 

Large foraminifers of Eocene age from the Coast Ranges 

of California, by Alphonse Blondeau and E. E. Brabb 

Abstract ... 

Introduction . 

Stratigraphy 

Page 

1 

2 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

12 

13 

13 

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13 

13 

19 

19 

22 

22 

22 

22 

29 

32 

33 

36 

38 

39 

39 

39 

41 

41 

41 

41 

Stratigraphy-Continued 

Devils Den area ... 

Mount Diablo area ..... . 

San Jose area ..... . 

Sveadal area . 

Age .......................... . 

Systematic paleontology ... . 

Locality descriptions ........... . 

San Jose area 

Sveadal area . 

Mount Diablo area 

Devils Den area. 

Eocene to Miocene calcareous plankton from the Santa Cruz 

Mountains and northern Santa Lucia Range, 

California, by Richard Z. Poore and David Bukry 

Abstract .................................................................................. . 

Introduction 

Aiio Nuevo section .... 

Zayante Creek section 

San Lorenzo River section 

Church Creek area. 

Discussion . 

Taxonomic notes 

Calcareous nannofossils .. 

Locality data ..................................................................................................... . 

Reference to illustrations of identified coccolith species 

Upper Eocene to lower Miocene benthic foraminifers from 

the Santa Cruz Mountains area, California, 

by Kristin McDougall . ....... . .................. . ........................... . 

Abstract 

Introduction ..... 

San Lorenzo River section 

Page 

41 

42 

42 

44 

44 

45 

47 

47 

48 

48 

48 

48 

48 

49 

49 

51 

52 

53 

58 

59 

60 

60 

60 

61 

61 

61 

62 

Zayante Creek section.......... ....................... 69 

Aiio Nuevo section ...... . ...................... ............ ......................... 70 

Summary... 72 

Reference list of taxa ................................ 74 

References cited ....................... ....................................... 78 

Index .............................................................................................. 83 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates follow index] 

PLATE 1-5. Benthic foraminifers from the California Coast Ranges 

6. Large foraminifers from California 

7. Planktic foraminifers from San Lorenzo Formation 

8. Planktic foraminifers from Aiio Nuevo and San Lorenzo River sections 

9. Calcareous nannofossils from the Santa Cruz Mountains 

10-17. Benthic foraminifers from Santa Cruz Mountains 

III 
IV CONTENTS 

Page 

FIGURE 1. Map showing natural provinces of California and areas sampled ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 

2. Generalized paleogeographic map of California during early Tertiary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 

3. Map showing provinces of California and localities where microfossils were collected -------------------------------······------------------------- 6 

4-8. Diagrams showing: 

4. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Lodo Formation at its type of locality in Lodo Gulch area -------·------------------------------ 8 

5. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy in Devils Den (aqueduct section) area -------------------------------·------------------------------------------------ 14 

6. Foraminiferal biostatigraphy of Locatelli Formation, Smith Grade-Empire Grade area---------------------------------------------- 18 

7. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Butano Sandstone in Lompico area-------------------------------·------------------------------------------------ 20 

8. Late Paleocene and early Eocene bathymetric history of Lodo Gulch and Devils Den areas -------·------------------------------ 21 

9. Index map showing nannofossil localities -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------·------------------------------------------------ 22 

10-15. Diagrams showing: 

10. Relation between nannoplankton and planktic foraminiferal zones.................................................................................. 23 

11. Biostratigraphy of aqueduct section, Devils Den area------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26 

12. Biostratigraphy of Lodo Gulch area -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 

13. Biostratigraphy of Media Aqua Creek area ...... -------------------------------------------------------------------------······------------------------------------------- 34 

14. Correlations of benthic foraminiferal stages to nannoplankton zones and subzones, Devils Den, 

Lodo Gulch, and Media Agua Creek areas -----------------------------------------------------·------------------------------------------------------------------ 35 

15. Correlation of Paleogene provincial benthic foraminiferal stages and calcareous microplankton zonations........ 37 

16. Geologic map showing Lodo Gulch sections .. -------------------------------------------------------------------------·------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 

17. Map of San Francisco Bay region showing localities of large foraminifers -----------------·------------------------------------------------------------------ 43 

18. Geologic maps of southern San Jose area showing fossil localities.................................................................................................... 44 

19. Geologic map and stratigraphic column for Sveadal area-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 

20. Index map showing location of sections --------·------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 

21. Generalized stratigraphic column of Aiio Nuevo section---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 

22. Diagram showing ranges of calcareous plankton in Aiio Nuevo section.......................................................................................... 52 

23. Stratigraphic column for north limb of Zayante Creek section............................................................................................................ 54 

24. Stratigraphic column for San Lorenzo River section····--·-------------------------···········-----------------------------------------------------·····························- 55 

25. Diagram showing ranges of plankton and zone assignments for San Lorenzo River section.................................................... 57 

26. Diagram showing lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of San Lorenzo River section............................................................ 58 

27. Map showing areas examined for benthic foraminifers---------------------------··········---------························-··········---------·············----------------- 62 

28-34. Diagrams showing: 

28. Stratigraphic relation of samples and benthic foraminiferal stages ···············-------------------------------------···········------------------- 63 

29. Age interpretations of San Lorenzo River section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------·-------·············--------------- 66 

30. Stratigraphic distribution of diagnostic benthic foraminifers in San Lorenzo section ------------------------------------············ 67 

31. Stratigraphic distribution of diagnostic benthic foraminifers in Zayante Creek section.............................................. 70 

32. Stratigraphic distribution of diagnostic benthic foraminifers in the Aiio Nuevo section --------------·----------------------------- 70 

33. Correlation of measured sections with benthic foraminiferal zones and stages.............................................................. 72 

34. Ranges of benthic foraminiferal species ............. -------··---------··········--------········-------·······--------------------------------·····--------------············ 73 

TABLES 

Page 

TARLE 1. Benthic foraminifers in the type of Lodo Formation, Fresno County, California ----------------------------········----------···········-------·----------- 10 

2. Benthic foraminifers in the Devils Den (aqueduct) area -·········-·--·-----------------------------------------------------------··············----------------------············ 16 

3. Nannoplankton from Devils Den and Lodo Gulch -·---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 

4. Nannoplankton from the Paleogene of the Santa Cruz Mountains .................. ----------------------------------------------················---------------------- 38 

5. Large foraminifers from the California Coast Ranges--------·----------------------------------------------------·----------------------------------------------------············ 42 

6. Coccoliths and resultant zone assignments for the Aiio Nuevo section ---------·---------------------·············--------------------·-····--·---------············ 51 

7. Planktic foraminifers in samples from Aiio Nuevo section ............... -------------------------------------------------------------------------············--······---------- 51 

8. Coccoliths and zone assignments for the Zayante Creek section ---·············--------------------------------·-----------------··············--------------············ 53 

9. Coccoliths and zone assignments for the San Lorenzo River section ----------------------········---------------------------------·---------------------------------- 56 

10. Planktic foraminifers and zone assignments for samples in the San Lorenzo River and Kings Creek sections .................... 59 

11. Planktic foraminifers and zone assignments for Church Creek Formation, Santa Lucia Range--------------------·--------------------------- 59 

12. Benthic foraminifers from the San Lorenzo River section ----------------------------------------------------------------------------···········-····-------·-··---·····-·----- 64 

13. Key to field numbers and sample numbers --------------------------············-----·-------------------------------------------------------------------·----------------------············ 67 

14. Benthic foraminifers from Zayante Creek section...................................................................................................................................... 69 

15. Benthic foraminifers from the Aiio Nuevo area.......................................................................................................................................... 71 
STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY OF THE 

CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

INTRODUCTION 

By EARL E. BRABB 

The correlation of rocks of Paleogene age in California with those in Europe has had a long and 

complex history that can only be highlighted here. 

Kleinpell (1938, p. 168-181), in his classic work defining Miocene benthic1 foraminiferal stages of California, attempted to correlate faunas of California with 

those of western Europe and elsewhere. He pointed 

out that rocks usually considered lower Miocene in 

California are probably correlative with those considered Oligocene in Europe. Schenck and Childs 

(1942) correlated the Vaqueros Sandstone of California with the middle and upper Oligocene of Europe 

and elsewhere, based on the stratigraphic occurrence 

of Lepidocyclina. Their correlation was discussed 

extensively by a number of paleontologists in the 

same report. Some favored a Miocene age based on 

similarities of the Vaqueros molluscan fauna with 

the Burdigalian faunas of Europe, and on the apparent Miocene age of vertebrates from beds below the 

Vaqueros. Others argued that some of the mollusks 

in the Vaqueros were similar to those considered 

Oligocene in Trinidad, and that the percentage of 

living mollusks in the Vaqueros Sandstone (1-2 

percent) was most similar to faunas of Oligocene age. 

These differences in opinion proved to be irreconcilable in the attempt by the U.S. Committee on Stratigraphy to provide a standard correlation chart for 

marine Cenozoic formations of western North America (Weaver and others, 1944). Two standards had to 

be provided, one based largely on mollusks, echinoids, and corals, and the other on benthic foraminifers. This dual classification has persisted almost to 

the present. 

1 In this report, benthic refers to the seafloor habitat, and benthonic refers to the 

foraminiferal stages based on benthic organisms. Likewise, planktic organisms, that is, 

free floaters and weak swimmers, are distinguished from the planktonic zones based on 

plankton. 

The validity of some California Tertiary stages 

· based largely on benthic foraminifers .has been questioned in recent years. Pierce (1972) and Barron 

(1976) believed that the Delmontian Stage of Kleinpell (1938), for example, is coeval with the lower and 

middle part of his Mohnian Stage. Steineck and 

Gibson (1971), Gibson and Steineck (1972), Schmidt 

(1975), Bandy (1972) and Bukry, Brabb, and Vedder 

(1977) stated their belief that probably all of the 

California Paleocene and Eocene stages of Mallory 

(1959) are time-transgressive when compared to nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifer zonations. 

Hornaday and Philips (1972), on the other hand, 

challenged some of these opinions. 

In order to further the study of the relation between 

California Paleogene stages based on benthic foraminifers with zonations based on planktic foraminifers and nannoplankton, nine paleontologists were 

invited to examine the faunas from several Coast 

Range sections measured by Brabb, Clark, and 

Throckmorton (1977). The results of their investigation were presented orally at a meeting of the International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy 

in Menlo Park, California on October 28, 1977. The 

talks were preceded by three days of field trips to the 

measured sections and were followed by a microscope 

workshop to debate the identification and age of the 

various faunas. The paleontologists were then encouraged to submit papers for this volume, and all have 

graciously complied. 

Acknowledgments.-Professor Ch. Pomerol of 

the University of Paris, currently chairman of the· 

International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, provided the leadership and inspiration for a 

series of biostratigraphic meetings that began in 

Paris in 1968, continued in Germany in 1969 and in 

the Caribbean in 1973, and culminated in the 1977 

California meeting. 

1 
2 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

REGIONAL SETTING 

The Paleogene faunas described in this report are 

from the California Coast Ranges (fig. 1). Most are 

from areas west of the San Andreas fault in the 

Santa Cruz Mountains of west-central California; a 

few are from areas east of the San Andreas fault from 

Mount Diablo to Devils Den. The Paleogene rocks 

west of the San Andreas fault rest either directly on 

crystalline metasedimentary and granitic rocks of 

the Salinian block or on sedimentary strata of Cretaceous age. East of the San Andreas fault, the Paleogene rocks commonly rest on Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of the Great Valley sequence, which in 

turn are faulted against a complex tectonic assemblage of Mesozoic sedimentary, metamorphic, and 

EXPlANATION 

MAJOR GEOLOGIC UNITS 

D Volcanic rocks 

D Sedimentary rocks 

[23 Sedimentary rocks 

- Franciscan assemblage 

H 

H ~ Mainly granitic rocks of Mesozoic age and } ~ 0 ~ sedimentary ultramafic and metamor- Cl ~ (5 

phic volcanic rocks of Paleozoic and ~ ~ 

Mesozoic age o.. ::E 

E~~f .._~ ;j Granitic rocks of Mesozoic age, volcanic } ~ ~ rocks of Cenozoic age, Precambrian !:!l (5 

rocks of all types including coarse- ::E ~ ffi 

grained intrusive rocks and Paleozoic tJ <t: z sedimentary and volcanic rocks, in ~ ~ places strongly metamorphosed o.. o.. 

N 

FIGURE 1.-Natural provinces of California, major geologic units and general location of areas sampled (modified from 

Hinds, 1952). MD, Mount Diablo; SJ, San Jose; SCM, Santa Cruz Mountains; LG, Lodo Gulch; DD, Devils Den. 
INTRODUCTION 

FIGURE 2.-Generalized restoration paleogeographic map of California during early Tertiary, based on restoration of 305 km 

of late Cenozoic right-lateral slip along the modern San Andreas fault (from Nilsen and Clark, 1975). The present 

location of the Garlock fault and the following geographic features are included for orientation purposes: SAC, 

Sacramento; SF, San Francisco; BAK, Bakersfield; MON, Monterey; LA, Los Angeles; SD, San Diego; DD, Devils Den; 

LG, Lodo Gulch; MD, Mount Diablo; SJ, San Jose; SCM, Santa Cruz Mountains. 

3 
4 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

igneous rocks that are commonly referred to by 

petroleum geologists as Franciscan "basement." The 

relation of Franciscan "basement" rocks to the granitic basement rocks along which they are juxtaposed 

by the San Andreas fault has long been one of the 

most intriguing and complex problems of California 

geology. A series of lectures edited by Nilsen (1977) 

gives a synopsis of the problems and some working 

hypotheses for the tectonic evolution of California 

during Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. The most significant concept for the purpose of this report is that the 

San Andreas and other northwest-trending strikeslip faults have displaced the Paleogene sequences 

hundreds of kilometers with respect to each other. 

The Santa Cruz Mountains, for example, were 

thought by Nilsen and Clark (1975) to have been 

opposite the Devils Den area, 250 km to the south, 

during the early Tertiary. 

The paleogeography of central California during 

the Paleogene is not well established. Most published 

analyses are not based on a firm biostratigraphic 

framework, so that rocks of middle Eocene age in one 

area may be compared with rocks of late Eocene age 

in another. There is also a problem with displacement of the Paleogene sequences along secondary 

lateral faults. Although extensive lateral displacement along the San Andreas has been considered 

true since the classic report by Hill and Dibblee 

(1953), many new lateral faults have been discovered 

that make paleogeographic reconstructions more 

complex. Nevertheless, much progress has been 

made, especially by a few geologists who have attempted to apply modern sedimentological concepts 

to understanding Paleogene depositional patterns. 

Nilsen (1977) and Dibblee (1977) provided extensive 

bibliographies listing many of these studies, and 

they also provided the synthesis that is summarized 

below. 

A generalized paleogeographic map of California 

during the early Tertiary, based on about 300 km of 

late Cenozoic right-lateral slip (fig. 2), shows that 

during the Paleogene the region between Devils Den 

and Mount Diablo was characterized by uplands in 

the Sierra Nevada, a linear basin in the area of the 

Great Valley in which a westward-thickening sequence of marine strata was deposited, islands on the 

continental borderland that contributed sediments in 

local areas, and a trench and subduction zone in 

what is now the Pacific Ocean. The La Honda basin, 

where all October 1977 field trips took place, was part 

of a continental borderland, mostly at lower bathyal 

and abyssal depths with open connections to the 

ocean. 

PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

AND PALEOBATHYMETRY OF THE CENTRAL RANGES 

OF CALIFORNIA 

By W. A. BERGGREN1 and jANE AUBERT2 

ABSTRACT 

Paleogene foraminiferal assemblages of California have been 

examined from sections in the Lodo Gulch area, Fresno County; 

the Devils Den (aqueduct) area, Kern County; and the Smith and 

Empire Grade and Lompico areas, Santa Cruz County. 

Benthic foraminifers indicate that the Lodo Formation in its 

type area was deposited during a single sedimentary cycle (lasting 

about 10 million years) at depths ranging from lower neritic 

'Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., and Brown University, 

Providence, R. I. 2Societe National ELF-Aquitaine (Production) Centre Micoulau, 6400 Pau, France 

(somewhat shallower than 200 m) near its base and in its upper 

part to middle and upper bathyal (about 600 m) in its lower part. 

The Gredal Shale Member of the Kreyenhagen Formation in the 

Devils Den (aqueduct) section contains a rich planktic foraminiferal fauna throughout and shows no evidence in its upper part of the 

neritic fauna present in the upper part of the type Lodo Formation. 

Middle bathyal depths (below 600 m) are suggested for the lower 

part of the Gredal and upper bathyal depths (above 600 m) for its 

upper part. The marked shallowing in these sections in Zone P9 is 

denoted by the local disappearance or sporadic occurrence of 

bathyal taxa (such as Nuttallides truempyi) with more extensive 

stratigraphic ranges elsewhere and coincides closely with a major 

eustatic sea-level fall recently delineated in seismic stratigraphy. 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 5 

The faunal assemblages from the Santa Cruz Mountains sections consist of predominantly benthic agglutinated foraminifers 

(with minor calcareous benthic and planktic foraminifers) which 

are characteristic of flysch deposits formed at the distal margins of 

turbidite fans in water depths of 1-2 km. Whereas the calcareous 

benthic assemblages of the Lodo Formation and Gredal Shale 

Member in the Devils Den area contain numerous cosmopolitan 

elements, the agglutinated flysch faunas of these units and those 

in the Santa Cruz Mountains appear to be less cosmopolitan, that 

is, they do not appear to be closely related to Paleogene flysch 

faunas of the Carpathian Mountains of Europe or the North 

Atlantic. 

INTRODUCTION 

California contains one of the best developed and 

representative Paleogene sequences in North America. Numerous studies have been devoted to the 

description of the foraminiferal faunas in this region 

(Martinr 1943; Israelsky, 1951, 1955; Mallory, 1959, 

1970; Sullivan, 196·2; Schmidt, 1970, 1975; Stinemeyer, 1976). 

In connection with the Field Conference on the 

Paleogene sponsored by the International Commission on Paleogene Stratigraphy (October 1977) we 

were requested to make a preliminary study of prepared samples from four sections that represent a 

cross section of the California early Paleogene. The 

sections included: (1) the Lodo Formation at its type 

locality in the Lodo Gulch area, Fresno County; (2) 

the Lodo Formation, A venal Sandstone, and Gredal 

Shale and lower part of the Point of Rocks Sandstone 

Members of the Kreyenhagen Formation in the Devils Den (aqueduct section) area, Kern County; (3) the 

Locatelli Formation in the Smith Grade-E'mpire 

Grade area in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Santa Cruz 

County; and ( 4) the Butano Sandstone in the Lompico area in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Santa Cruz 

County (fig. 3). The last two areas were visited during 

the course of the field conference. 

Within the context of this preliminary analysis we 

have not been able to recognize and apply the California Paleogene foraminiferal stages of Mallory (1959). 

Mallory's stages are not time-stratigraphic units at 

all in the sense prescribed by the American Code of 

Stratigraphic Nomenclature or the International 

Stratigraphic Guide~ These stages. are better characterized as loosely defined assemblages of benthic 

foraminifers (faunules) and, as such, of ecologic 

rather than chrono-stratigraphic significance. Indeed, the California provincial stages are demonstrably time-transgressive (Steineck and Gibson, 1971; 

Poore, 1976; Bukry and others, 1977; see also Warren, 

1977). 

Details of the stratigraphic sections from which 

our samples have been collected are presented in 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977). 

Acknowledgments.-This paper was presented, in 

considerably abbreviated form, at the Field Conference on the Paleogene of California held at Menlo 

Park, Calif. in late October-early November 1977. 

We thank Earl E. Brabb and Joseph C. Clark 

(Indiana, Penn.) for providing the sample material 

upon which the investigation is based. Richard Z. 

Poore provided the Merle Israelsky foraminiferal 

collection from the type Lodo Formation on loan,. and 

this proved extremely helpful to us. We thank Francis 

Saffon for the scanning electron micrographs prepared on the Cambridge Mark II instrument in the 

laboratories of Societe National Elf-Aquitaine (Pro-

. duction), Pau, France. 

This investigation is part of a joint project with the 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (sponsored by 

Chevron, Exxon, Marathon, Mobil, and Shell Oil 

Companies) and Societe National Elf-Aquitaine 

(Production) devoted to Cenozoic benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and ecology. We wish to thank 

B. U. Haq and R. C. Tjalsma of Woods Hole for 

discussions on Paleogene stratigraphy and for review-

. ing the manuscript. 

SAMPLE MATERIALS 

Nineteen samples, collected by Earl Brabb and 

prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, have been 

examined from the type section of the Lodo Formation along Lodo Gulch (section TS, fig. 16 of Brabb, 

this volume). These samples were supplemented by a 

cursory examination of the Israelsky (1951) collection 

of 110 samples from two reference sections less than 

1000 m south of Lodo Gulch. Fourteen samples collected by Brabb have been examined from the Lodo 

Formation and the Gredal Shale, and the Point of 

. Rocks Sandstone Members of the Kreyenhagen Formation exposed in the Devils Den (aqueduct section) 

area, some 100 km southeast of the type Lodo. 

Fourteen samples collected by Earl Brabb and 

Joseph C. Clark have been examined from the terrigenous arkosic sandstone and siltstone of the Locatelli Formation and Butano Sandstone in the Smith 

Grade-Empire Grade and Lompico areas of the 

Santa Cruz Mountains. 

LODO GULCH AREA 

The type section of the Lodo Formation at Lodo 

. Gulch (fig. 4) is in the Tumey Hills, Fresno County, 

on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. It is one 

· of the most important reference sections for lower 

Paleogene stratigraphy of California and has been 

the subject of several studies on foraminifers (Martin, 
6 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

50 100 150 200 250 300 KILOMETERS 

50 100 150 MILES 

I 

I 

I 

' ' 

0 

' '"" ' ' 

~ ' 

'~ 

' '"" ' 

'""' ' 

'""' GREAT BASIN ' ' 

MOJAVE 

' ' 

""116° 

' 

~"" 

D.ESERT 

' ' \ 

\ " 

_2. 

I 

I 

) 

l I 

FIGURE 3.-Physiographic provinces of California and localities where microfossil assemblages were collected. 1, Lodo Gulch; 2, 

Devils Den; 3, Smith Grade-Empire Grade area; 4, Lompico. 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 7 

1943; lsraelsky, 1951, 1955; Mallory, 1959; Schmidt, 

1970) and calcareous nannoplankton (Bramlette and 

Sullivan, 1961). At its type section the Lodo is approximately 360m thick and is of late Paleocene and early 

Eocene (planktic foraminiferal Zone P4-P9) age. It is 

unconformably underlain by the Cretaceous part of 

the Moreno Shale and is overlain by the Domengine 

Sandstone of middle Eocene age. Molluscan faunas 

collected near the base of the Lodo Formation some 

700 m northwest of its type section are correlated by 

Smith (1975) with the Martinez Stage of the provincial molluscan standard of Weaver and others (1944), 

and with mollusks from the Bracheux Sandstone of 

Paleocene age in the northern Paris Basin. A potassium-argon date of 58.5 m.y. (Funnell, 1964, p. 188, 

item 113) from glauconite in the basal beds of the 

Lodo Formation provides a minimum age on the 

Planorotalites pseudomenardii and Heliolithus riedeli Zones, within which the glauconite is situated 

(Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961; Schmidt, 1970). 

Additional details on the geologic and stratigraphic 

setting of the type Lodo Formation may be found in 

Israelsky (1951) and Schmidt (1970), and its relation 

to other Paleogene sections in central California is 

discussed by Schmidt (1975). 

FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

The type Lodo Formation has been zoned with the 

aid of planktic foraminifers by Schmidt (1970), and 

our examinations have essentially confirmed his findings, including the probable presence of a short 

hiatus (or disconformity) between the Paleocene and 

Eocene about 50 m above the base of the type section 

at the Lodo Gulch (fig. 4). We did not find definitive 

evidence for the presence of Zone P6. The boundary 

between Zones P8 and P9 has been determined on the 

.basis of the initial appearance of Subbotina inaequispira, S. frontosa, S. linaperta and Acarinina densa 

over the interval of samples 70-72 (lsraelsky) and 

1231 (Brabb). The top of the Lodo Formation is 

considered to lie within an interval equivalent to 

Zone P9, as differentiation between Zones P9 and P10 

is often difficult, and planktic foraminifers diminish 

sharply in the upper 150m of the type Lodo Formation as a result of shallowing. 

Over 150 species of calcareous and agglutinated 

benthic foraminifers have been recorded from the 

Lodo Gulch section and the nearby Devils Den section some 100 km southeast of Lodo Gulch. Species of 

the calcareous genera Anomalinoides, Bulimina, 

Trifarina, Cibicidoides, and Lenticulina dominate 

these assemblages. Agglutinated taxa (including 

Bathysiphon, Rhabdammina, Haplaphragmoides, 

Cyclammina, Karreriella, Dorothia, Silicosigmoilina, 

and Tritaxilina) occur throughout both sections and 

at some levels constitute almost the entire foraminiferal assemblage. 

The distribution of species identified in the Brabb 

samples in the type Lodo Formation is shown in 

Table 1. Generalized foraminiferal assemblages are 

shown in figure 4 based on the more common or 

characteristic elements occurring over a given stratigraphic interval. It should be borne in mind that 

these assemblages are based on an examination of 

only 18 samples collected by Brabb and the more 

closely spaced samples in the Israelsky collection. 

Characteristic features of the benthic foraminiferal 

fauna of the Lodo Formation include the following: 

1. There is a sequential influx of new taxa throughout the section. 

2. There is a marked faunal change (reduction or 

disappearance of taxa from below and replacement of taxa above) in the interval above 150-100 

m below the contact of the Domengine Sandstone 

and the Lodo Formation (above lsraelsky sample 

70 and Brabb sample 1231). Planktic foraminifers 

(particularly the angulo-conical morozovellids) 

exhibit a marked reduction over this interval as 

well and become rarer toward the upper part of the 

Lodo Formation. 

3. An essentially threefold faunal subdivision can be 

made (from bottom to top): (1) The lower 15 m 

(approx.) contains a fauna similar to that in the 

Midway Group, including Cibicidoides alleni, 

Osangularia plummerae, Anomalinoides danica 

rubiginosa, and species of Silicosigmoilina, Spiroplectammina, Clavulinoides, and Ammodiscus. 

This interval corresponds essentially to Zone P4 

and Israelsky samples 3-11. This interval is below 

the lowest sample (1251C) collected by Brabb, 

which is stratigraphically located between Israelsky samples 13 and 14. (2) The interval from about 

15 m to 200 m, between Israelsky samples 12 to 70, 

contains an assemblage characterized or dominated by various bulminids, anomalinids, osangulariids, aragonids, Nuttallides truempyi, Bathysiphon, Rhabdammina, Cyclammina, Silcosigmoilina, and Clavulinoides. This interval corresponds 

essentially to Zones P5-P8. (3) The upper 175 m 

contains an assemblage characterized by various 

small cibicidids, anomalinids, bolivinids, Florilus 

florinense, Uvigerina elongata, Eponides primus, 

Cyclammina, and Trochammina. This interval 

presumably corresponds to Zone P9, although 

planktic foraminifers are sparse or rare over this 

interval. 
8 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

c: 

0 

-ctl 

E 

.... 

0 

u.. 

0 

"'0 

0 

....1 

100 

200 

300 

366 

LITHOLOGY AND SAMPLE NUMBER 

RANGE OF SELECTED 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 

110-1 ~-,.,...--..,;,:..--.-:..-."-'! 

109 

107 

105 

100 

101+ 

101-

99 

97 

95 

93 

91 

89 

87 

85 

83 

81 

79 

77 

75 

73 

71 

69 

67 

65 

63 

61 

59 

57 

55 

53 

51 

49 

47 

45 

43 

41 

39 

37 

35 

33 

31 

29 

Sections A and TS 

EXPLANATION 

104 

74CB1221 

102 

101 

74CB1222 

98 

76 

74 74CB1221E 

72 74CB1231 70 

Claystone 

Calcareous 

claystone 

Siltstone 

Sandstone 

Greensand 

74CB1231A, 74CB1221G 66 

74CB1231B 

74CB1221H 

74CB1231C 

74CB1231D 

74CB1221J 

60 

58 

74CB1231E 

56 

54, 74CB1231F 52 

50 74CB1231G 48 

46 

44 

42 

40 

38 Sections B and C 36 

25 

23 

~g 20 

17 181 6 74CB1251D 

~; 14 ~~CB1251C 12' 1

J 10 1 a 6 6+1 

5--+-:..:..o.:..:.:..:..:..:..~:..:..:.r 4 Moreno 

Shale 

FIGURE 4.-Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paieobathymetry of the Lodo Formation at its type locality in the Lodo Gulch 

area. The upper part of the section was sampled (small numbers) by Israelsky (1951, pl. 1, section A) along the first gulch 

south of Lodo Gulch. Samples collected by E. E. Brabb (74CB1221B and others) are projected into this section from the 

type section of the Lodo Formation along Lodo Gulch. (section TS). The lower part of the section was measured (small 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGE 

z 

AGGLUTINATED 

Cyc/ammina 

Trochammina 

Clavulinoides 

califomicus 

o Vemeuilina 

:I: triangulata 

~ 

(/) 

> 

:I: 

..... 

<( >------------- lXI 

Spiroplectammina 

richardi 

CALCAREOUS 

Anoma/inoides acutus 

Osangularia tenuicarinata_ 

Eponides primus 

Bolivina crenulata 

Bulimina whitei 

Florilus florinense 

Uvigerina elongata 

----------------

Eponides primus 

Bulim_ina !J!hitei 

Bolivina crenulata 

rf~~~E~~~~~------ Hoeglundina eocenica 

Anomalinoides acutus Bulimina whitei 

Bolivina crenulata 

Cibiddoides felix 

Spiroloculina lamposa 

~----------------

Siphonina wilcoxensis 

-. Anomalinoides acutus _ \ Osan:Foclaria tenuicarinaro 1 

\ ~~~ ~~n__a .!_a~~ ___ ~' 

Osangularia tenuicarinata 

Aragonia aragonensis 

Loxostomoides app/inae 

Spiroloculina lamposa 

Bulimina callahani 

Bulimina trinitatensis 

Anomalinoides aragonensis 

- - ----- - - - - - - Cibiddoides fortunatus 

Gaudryina 

coalingensis 

PALEOBATHYMETRY, 

I-----.:::::::::I:;:N'-'M=ET:...:E:.:..:R.:::.S_--IpLANKTONIC 

NERITIC BATHYAL FORAMIuiM Ll UPPER LOWER NIFERAL 

ZONE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

I I I I I I I I I 

P9 

t----7----

P8 

---?----

P7 

EUROPEAN 

STAGE 

c 

tU 'iii 

a. 

>-

WEST COAST 

STAGES 

(MALLORY, 

1959) 

---------

c 

.~ 

:; 

c 

Q) 

~ 

1-----------

c 

:E 

:; 

lXI 

SERIES 

Q) 

c 

~ 0 

w 

sample numbers) by Israelsky (1951, pl. 1, section B) along a small gulch about 300m south of the mouth ofLodo Gulch. 

Samples collected by E. E. Brabb (74CB1251D and others) in this section are projected from still another section about 

700 m north of Lodo Gulch. (section C). The 'location of all these sections is shown on figure 16 of Brabb (this volume). 

9 
...... 

1\:) 

01 

() 

...... ...... ...... 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 

01 w w 

5 C) ~ 

...... 

1\:) 

w 

r;:; 

......... ......... ......... ......... ...... ...... 1\:) 1\:) w 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 

1\:) w w 1\:) 

t: 5 () i tP C) 

...... 

1\:) 

w 

~ 

...... ...... 1\:) 1\:) 

~ ~ [TJ 

...... 

1\:) 

1\:) 

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);> 

...... 

1\:) 

1\:) 

tP 

...... 

1\:) 

1\:) 

1\:) 

...... 

1\:) 

1\:) 

...... 

...... 

~ 

OJ *'" Benthic foraminifers 

Bifarina uicksburgensis (CUSHMAN) 

Gaudryina jacksonensis var. coa/ingensis MALLORY 

Epistomina partschiana (d'ORBIGNY) 

Eponides sp. 

Lenticu/ina cf. L. terryi (CORRYEL & EMBICH) 

Lenticulina theta COLE 

Cibicidoides cf. C. beatus (MARTIN) 

Anoma/inoides keeni (MARTIN) 

Angulogerina aff. A. cuneata BROTZEN 

Lenticulina cf. L. gyroscalprum (STACHE) 

Trifarina aduena var. californica MALLORY 

Vaginu/inopsis mexicana var. nudicosta CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Lenticu/ina pseudouortex (COLE) 

Lenticulina pseudocultrata (COLE) 

Lenticulina weaueri ? (BECK) 

Lenticulina a/atolimbatus (GUMBEL) 

Lenticulina rotulata (LAMARCK) 

Lenticulina spp. 

Nodosaria deliciae MARTIN 

Dentalina spp. 

Rectoglandulina sp. 

Marginulina subbullata HANTKEN 

Gaudryina macrocamerata MALLORY 

Verneui/ina triangulata COOK 

Alabamina sp. 

Anomalinoides acutus (PLUMMER) 

Cibicidoides whitei (MARTIN) 

Lenticu/ina uortex (FICHTEL & MOLL) 

Vuluulina curta CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Rhabdammina eocenica CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Oridorsalis umbonatus (REUSS) 

Pullenia eocenica CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Chilostomelloides cylindroides REUSS 

Cibicidoides fortunatus (MARTIN) 

Nodosaria arundinea SCHWAGER 

Nodosaria /atejugata GUMBEL 

Nuttallides truempyi (NUTTALL) 

Vaginulinopsis cf. kelleyi MARTIN 

Gaudryina cf. G. laeyigata FRANKE 

Clauulinoides californicus MALLORY 

Spiroplectammina richardi MARTIN 

Anomalinoides wel/eri (PLUMMER) 

Dorothia excentrica ISRAELSKI 

Cibicidoides eponidiformis (MARTIN) 

Bulimina ouata d'ORBIGNY 

Lenticulina midwayensis (in MALLORY) 

Plectofrondicularia kerni COOK 

Anomalinoides aragonensis (NUTTALL) 

Anoma/inoides judas (MARTIN) 

Bulimina curtissima CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Bulimina impendens PARKER & BERMUDEZ 

Bulimina macilenta CUSHMAN & PARKER 

Bulimina trinitatensis CUSHMAN 

Globobulimina sp. 

Valuulineria childsi (MARTIN) 

Dentalina substrigata (STACHE) 

Dentalina spinosa d'ORBIGNY 

Haplaphragmoides cf. H. nonionel/oides ISRAELSKY 

Haplaphragmoides spp. 

Ammodiscus cf. A. pennyi CUSHMAN & JARVIS 

Bulimina callahani GALLOWAY & MORREY 

Dentalina basiplanata CUSHMAN 

Buliminella grata var. conuoluta MALLORY 

Turritilina breuispira TEN DAM 

Gyroidina soldanii var. octocamerata CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Stilostomella p/ummerae (CUSHMAN) 

P/ectofrondicularia whitei MARTIN 

Marginulina curuatura (CUSHMAN) 

Bathysiphon sp. B. ISRAELSKY 

Nodosaria ewaldi REUSS 

Angulogerina wilcoxensis (CUSHMAN & GARRETT) 

Buliminella bradburyi (MARTIN) 

Bulimina sp. (-instabilis CUSHMAN & PARKER) 

Haplaphragmoides cf. H. coalingensis CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Silicosigmoilina californica CUSHMAN & CHURCH 

Nodosaria? gyrata MALLORY 

Planktic foraminiferal biozonation 

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~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w w w ~ w w ~ w ~ w w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n 5 5 ~ m ~ 5 n i ; 5 ~ ~ m ~ ; ~ ~ ~ 

I I I I I I I I --l-=== 

Dentalina approximata REUSS 

Goesella sp. (ISRAELSKY) 

Bathysiphon eocenicus CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Cyclammina simiensis BERRY 

Eggerella sp. (in MALLORY 1959) 

Haplaphragmoides excauatus CUSHMAN & WATERS 

Loxostomoides applinae (PLUMMER) 

Uvigerina alabamensis CUSHMAN & GARRETT 

Uvigerina elongata COLE 

Lenticulina turbinata (PLUMMER) 

Anomalinoides crassiseptus (CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS) 

Bulimina whitei MARTIN 

Bulimina debilis MARTIN >-3 

Cibicides spiropunctatus GALLOWAY & MORREY > Vaginulinopsis asperuliformis (NUTTALL) ~ 

Valuulineria allomorphinoides (REUSS) trl 

Pleurostomella cf. P. paleocenica CUSHMAN ~ Siphonina wilcoxensis CUSHMAN t:x:l 

Fursenkoina zetina (COLE) var. indirecta (MALLORY) (\) 

Asterigerina crassaformis CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS :::._ 

Bo/iuina explicata var. californica MALLORY ~ Uvigerina lodoensis var. miriamae MALLORY -::.-, 

Osangularia tenuicarinata CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS s; 

Aragonia aragonensis (NUTTALL) ~ 

Glandulina sp. -· Valuulineria sp. (MALLORY 1959) ~ Spiroplectammina tejonensis MALLORY ~ 

Bifarina eleganta (PLUMMER) ~. 

Karreria fallax RZEHAK ;:s 

Lagena crow/eri MARTIN S. 

Cibicidoides beatus (MARTIN) (\) 

Bolivina sp. ~ Eponides lodoensis MARTIN (\) 

Nodosaria a/finis REUSS t--o 

Marginulina cf. M. gardnerae (PLUMMER) 8_ 

Cassidulina globosa HANTKEN ° 

Cibicides "cocoaensis" CUSHMAN ~ Lenticulina inomata (d'ORBIGNY) ~ 

Dorothia excentrica ISRAELSKY l:l 

Frondicularia naheolensis CUSHMAN & TODD 5· 

Pleurostomella cf. P. acuta HANTKEN ;:s 

Hoeglundina sp. 't-. 

Vaginulinopsis mexicana var. kerni COOK 8_ 

Planularia cf. P. truncana GUMBEL o 

Lenticulina rosetta (GUMBEL) '0 

Dentalina communis (d'ORBIGNY) E.. 

Dentalina wilcoxensis CUSHMAN g. 

Marginuliria glabra d'ORBIGNY ~ 

Marginu/ina sischoae MALLORY ~ 

Cibicides martinezensis CUSHMAN & BARKSDALE ~ 

Dentalina jacksonensis CUSHMAN & APPLIN o 

Amphimorphina ignota CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS (j 

Dentalina cf. D. multilineata BORNEMANN g 

Plectofrondicularia minuta ? SULLIVAN :::._ 

Nodogenerina /epidula (SCHWAGER) '< 

Nodogenerina kressenbergensis (GUMBEL) h 

Marginulinaadunca (COSTA) o 

Gyroidina orbicularis d'ORBIGNY var. planata CUSHMAN g_ 

Bifarina nuttalli CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS s· 

Dorothia sp. ~ Martinottiella eocenica CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 0.. 

Cibicides felix MARTIN 

t!l r f3ulimina corrugata CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

ttl . ...., l ~ ~ Lagena acuticosta REUSS n :p :::o t;;: ~ Tritaxilina colei CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

~ E ~ 2 Florilus florinensis (COLE) 

3 ~ ~ Pleurostomella gredalensis COOK 

g ::?. 0 - Siphonina jacksonensis CUSHMAN 

z Spiroloculina lamposa HUSSEY 

Cibicides aff. c. praecursorius SCHWAGER 

Karreriella cf. K. elongata COLE 

Eggerella sp. 

Lenticulina cf. L. antipodum ST ACHE 

Eponides primus MARTIN 

Cibicides kernensis COOK 

~ ~ ] Planktic foraminiferal biozonation 

11 AHdVHDI.LVH.LSOUI 'IVH~~INIWVHO~ OIH.LN~a ~N~DO~'IVd 
12' STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

PALEOBATHYMETRY 

Strict interpretation of Paleogene paleobathymetry 

based on analogy with present-day faunal counterparts is unreliable in view of demonstrable differences in distributional patterns (Lohmann and 

Tjalsma, 1975; Tjalsma and Lohmann, 1975) and 

water mass structure (Douglas and Savin, 1973; 

Boersma and Shackleton, 1977). Nevertheless, local 

and regional geologic information, distribution patterns of taxa with geophysically controlled paleobathymetry (Sclater and others, 1971; Berger, 1973), and 

distribution of associated faunal elements with a 

presumed stable ecology can be combined to allow a 

reasonable paleodepth estimate of special faunal 

associations. 

We interpret the paleobathymetric history of the 

type Lodo Formation in terms of a single sedimentary cycle in which the middle part of the formation 

(corresponding to Zones P5 to P8) was deposited at 

middle to upper bathyal depths (about 600 m), whereas the le>wer (Zone P4) and upper (Zone P9) parts were 

deposited near the neritic-bathyal boundary (above 

200 m). The following line of reasoning has been 

used. 

1. Faunas from the Midway Group· have been shown 

(Berggren and Aubert, 1975) to represent a cosmopolitan fauna formed at neritic depths. An association of some Midway elements with somewhat 

deeper water elements is seen at depths interpret- ~ 

ed as upper-middle bathyal in Tunisia (Aubert and 

Berggren, 1975) and Bavaria (HHlebrandt, 1962), 

but these elements are not observed in the lower 

(Zone P4) part of the type Lodo Formation. 

2. In the succeeding 150m (Israelsky samples 13 to 

63; Brabb samples 1251C to 1231C, :fig. 4) a number 

of forms appear that are restricted to this interval 

but. which have longer stratigraphic ranges in 

lower bathyal-abyssal deposits in the ocean (R. C. 

Tjalsma, oral commun., 1977). These include 

Bulimina trinitatensis, Nuttallides truempyi, 

Anomalinoides aragonensis, Buliminella grata, 

Bulimina callahani (=orphanensis)~ Anomalina , 

crassisepta, and Asterigerina crassaformis. In 

addition several species of the agglutinated ' 

genera Rhabdammina, Bathysiphon, and Cyclammina, normally associated with bathyal deposits, appear within this interval as well. For 

example, Nuttallides truempyi is· one of the 

dominant lower bathyal-abyssal taxa with an age 

range of Late Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) to latest 

Eocene (Laughton a.nd others, 1972; Douglas, 

1973; R. C. Tjalsma, oral commun., 1977). Its 

upper depth limit is not known with certainty, but 

it occurs in the late Eocene at DSDP (Deep Sea 

Drilling Project) Site 116 in middle bathyal depths 

(above 1000 ril; Laughton and others, 1972). It does 

not occur in neritic (Midway type) faunas, and 

thus we suggest an upper depth limit of 500-600 m 

for this taxon, between upper and middle bathyal 

depths. Bulimina callahani (=orphanensis) has a 

stratigraphic range from Zones P6a to PB (R. C. 

Tjalsma, oral commun., 1977; Berggren and 

Aubert, 1976) in oceanic sediments yet is essentially restricted to the upper half of Zone PB in the 

type Lodo Formation. At Orphan Knoll (DSDP 

Site 111)', B. callahani (= orphanensis) occurs in 

the lower Eocene with faunas from depths of more 

than 1 km. As with Nuttallides truempyi, its upper 

depth limit is suggested to lie near the uppermiddle bathyal boundary (500-600 m). Upward 

shallowing is suggested by the nearly simultaneous local termination or disappearance of these 

taxa in the middle part of the section about 190 m 

above the base (175 m below the top) of the Lodo 

Formation at a level that corresponds closely to 

the planktic foraminiferal Zone PB-P9 boundary 

(characterized by the initial appearance of Subbotina. frontosa = S. boweri, S. linaperta, S. 

inaequispira, and Acarinina densa) and their 

replacement by shallower water forms (cibicids, 

bolivinids, eponidids, Florilus, Valvulineria, and 

hispid uvigerinids of the elongata group characteristic of neritic depths: 50-200 m; Boersma, 197 4). 

3. A preliminary examination of the ostracode fauna 

in the. Israelsky collections by R. H. Benson (Smithsonian Institution, written commun., 1977) 

indicates the presence of Trachyleberidea and 

Cytherella, both typical of bathyal deposits, 

Argilloecia, and some allochthonous specimen of 

Loxoconcha. Krithe (with markedly open vestibule) suggests that oxygen ranged between 4.5 

and 5·.5 mill. Very small eye tubercles present on 

an Actinocythereis-like form suggest (to Benson) 

water depths not in excess of 600-800 m, in good 

accord with estimates made above. 

The presence of cyclamminids and Bathysiphon to 

the top of the type Lodo Formation at depths 

interpreted from other faunal evidence to have been 

near the shelf-slope break (about 200 m) suggest that 

the upper depth limits of these agglutinated benthic 

foraminiferal faunas were somewhat shallower during the Paleogene than during the Neogene and 

present day, perhaps because of the lack of a 

pronounced thermocline during this time. 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 13 

DEVILS DEN (AQUEDUCT SECTION AREA) 

The aqueduct section in the Devils Den area is 

located in Kern County some 100 km southeast of 

Lodo Gulch (fig. 3). Several hundred meters of Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene strata are exposed 

there (Brabb and others, 1977, fig. 37), of which only 

a part (fig. 5) has been selected for study. Our preliminary examination of the planktic foraminiferal 

fauna suggests that the sequence studied spans 

Zones P5 to P9 and may include P10. Zones P5 to P6 

are represented only in a fault-bounded part of the 

Lodo Formation. 

Warren (1977) reported the presence of the calcareous nannoplankton Tribrachiatus orthostylus 

(NP12) to Nannotetrina quadrata (NP15) Zones in 

the aqueduct section. The presence of the Discoaster 

lodoensis (NP13) and D. sublodoensis (NP14) Zones 

in the lower part of the Gredal Shale Member of the 

Kreyenhagen Formation supports our assignment of 

this same interval to planktic foraminiferal Zones P8 

and P9 (see also Wise and Constans, 1976). The upper 

40-50 m of the Gredal Shale Member was placed by 

Warren in the Nannotetrina quadrata (NP15) Zone of 

middle Eocene age. 

In summary, the sequence studied in the aqueduct 

section of Devils Den is correlative with most of the 

type Lodo Formation. 

Planktic foraminifers (particularly acarininids and 

anguloconical morozovellids) are abundant and well 

preserved throughout the aqueduct section, in contrast to those in the Lodo Gulch area. 

FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

The benthic foraminiferal taxa recorded from the 

Devils Den (aqueduct section) area (table 2), form the 

basis for the assemblage subdivision shown in figure 

5. The basic features of the assemblages that should 

be noted are as follows: 

1. Faunal elements similar to those from the Midway 

Group are absent at the base of the sequence 

studied, that is, in the lowest beds of the Lodo 

Formation, whereas the Florilus-EponidesUuigerina assemblage is absent at the top. 

2. The assemblages are nearly identical with those 

present in the middle part of the type Lodo Formation at Lodo Gulch (Nuttallides truempyi, 

buliminids, osangulariids, anomalinids, cyclamminids, Tritaxilina, Rhabdammina, Bathysiphon). 

3. Several of the taxa that disappear near the boundary between Zones P8 and P9 in the Lodo Gulch 

area appear to range well into Zone P9 in the 

Devils Den (aqueduct section) area (N. truempyi, 

Anomalinoides crassiseptus, Asterigerina crassaformis). 

4. The upper part of the aqueduct section contains a 

fauna composed primarily of elements that range 

through a major part of the section: Rhabdammina eocenica, Bathysiphon eocenicus, Cyclammina simiensis, Haplaphragmoides sp. cf. H. eggeri, 

H. excauatus, Tritaxilina colei, T. principiensis, 

Karreriella mediaguaensis, Plectina cubensis, 

Anomalinoides crassiseptus, Cibicidoides fortunatus, Lenticulina spp. 

PALEOBATHYMETRY 

The similarity of faunas in the aqueduct section 

with those in the Lodo Gulch area suggests similar 

water depths. The fact that some of the bathyal taxa 

(Nuttalides truempyi) range into Zone NP14 (equivalent to P9) and some (Anomalinoides crassiseptus, 

Asterigerina crassaformis) as high as NP15 (equivalent to P10) suggests that water depths were greater 

in the Devils Den area than in the Lodo Gulch area 

and that the shallowing near the boundary between 

Zones P8 and P9 in the Lodo Gulch area occurs 

within Zone P9 in the Devils Den area. The shallow-

. ing eliminated some of the taxa. Other taxa, however, 

persisted because the water depth was still well 

within their upper depth limit. It should be noted that 

Bulimina callahani (= Bulimina orphanensis) disappears near the boundary between Zones P8 and P9 in 

the Devils Den area as in the Lodo Gulch area, an 

apparent example of an evolutionary extinction asopposed to bathymetrically controlled local disappearance. A middle bathyal depth (below 600 m) is suggested for the Lodo Formation and lower part of the 

Gredal Shale Member in the Devils Den section, an 

upper bathyal depth (above 600 m) for the upper 

40-50 m of the Gredal Shale Member, above the 

disappearance of N. truempyi. 

SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 

Fourteen samples have been examine£! from the 

terrigenous arkosic sandstone and siltstone of the 

Locatelli Formation and the Butano Sandstone in the 

Smith Grade-Empire Grade and Lompico areas, 

respectively, of the Santa Cruz Mountains. 

SMITH GRADE-EMPIRE GRADE AREA 

The seven samples examined from the Locatelli 

Formation (Paleocene) span a stratigraphic interval 

of approximately 250 m (fig. 6). 
14 

SCALE, 

IN 

METERS 

-200 

-100 

-0 

STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

z 

0 a: 

~ ~ 

a: 

0 

LL 

LLJ 

Cil 

~ 

LLJ 

LITHOLOGY AND E. E. BRABB 

SAMPLE NUMBERS 

c: 

0 

·.-:; 

co 

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0 

LL 

c: 

Q) 

Cl 

co 

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c: 

Q) 

> 

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74CB1281M -·-· 

-·-· ·-·-

7 4CB 1281 L --p;;::i:::::..:_:::::: ~:::::.Jp. 

~ 74CB1281K-~ 

:! 

~ 74CB1281J-~ 

~ ... :.::--...:._ 

..<:!! 

co 

.c: 

(/) r=--:--=---: 

Several hundred meters of 

covered section. Point of 

Rocks Sandstone estimated 

to be about 700 m thick 

Covered 

Massive sandstone, minor 

shale 

Greenish-gray siltstone 

Prominent sandstone bed 

Greenish-gray siltstone and 

mudstone 

Contorted beds laced with 

gypsum 

Greenish-gray siltstone, minor 

sandstone 

~ 74CB1281H-I:._~~~~ 30 em glauconitic sandstone l 

-----a> _c: 

~ 

~ 

~ .s :__-:-__: :- ~~ 74CB1281E- :_--;-:._-; <( co .:_--;.:_-: 

(f)..___ 76CB1633- .:_-;-.:..._ 

c: 74CB1281D-~ 

0 .g FAULT 

.3 -ceo E 74CB1281C~ ~ 

0 

LL 

Q) 

e>o 

co·-

c: c: .0 

E 

Q) 

.... ~ ·-·- .c:-

lii e Q) 1.:__-:-~ 

>'- ~ 74CB1281- .:..._-:-..:... ~ 

Q) 0 .._u.. ..<:!! .:....-:-....:..:- ~ co ·-·- .c: 74CB1273B- -;-...:..--;-.:. 

--a> (/) --:..:...-:-..:. _c: Iii --;-.:....-::.. co 0 "0 c:- ~ -·-· Q) en >"0 ·-· ~ ·-·-· <(~ 74CB1273A-f-·-·- (/)~ - ~:.::_~~') c:"E 

....J 

-ceo._ 

0 

o 

·.-:; 

.... 

0 

E 

a. 

a. 

co 

Q) 

~ oa. 

LL2. 

24 em glauconitic sandstone 

Red and green siltstone, 

some sandstone 

Spirog/yphus and Discocydina 

in glauconitic sandstone 

(Avenal Sandstone) 

Red and green siltstone 

Glauconitic sandstone 

Red and green siltstone 

few sandstone beds 

"0 

Q) 

..0 

"0 

Q) 

J 

l en 

"0 

Q) 

.0 

"0 

Q) 

Mostly g'eenlsh-g,ay slltston1 some red siltstone, several 

thin sandstone beds 

Spiroglyphus and Discocydina 

Greenish-gray siltstone 

Covered 

Glauconitic sandstone and 

siltstone 

RANGE OF SELECTED 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL TAXA 

·;: 

0 

~ (.J 

0 

.s 

I ~I I I I I I I I 

SECTION REPEATED 

I I I I 

I 

FIGURE 5.-Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleobathymetry of the Devils Den (aqueduct section) area. 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 15 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES 

AGGLUTINATED CALCAREOUS 

~ -----------------------------

~ 

z 

Spiroplectammina 

directa 

Cydammina simiensis 

Cydammina ciarki 

T ritcvcilina co/ei 

Plectina cubensis 

Trochammina spp. w ----------- g 

w 

Cydammina simiensis 

Cydammina incisa 

Spiroplectammina 

richardi 

Anoma/inoides crassiseptus 

Cibicidoides fortunatus 

~rigerinac~aformis 

-----------------

Nuttallides truempyi 

Anoma/inoides c~iseptus 

Pleurostome/la spp. 

Bulimina trinitatensis 

----------- -----------------

~ 

:E 

~ ~ciauUJiTK>Tdes caTifomiclis 

0 Spirop/ectammina richardi 

CO Tritaxi/ina colei 

~ f-~~i']_a p']!I9J.!!~!! _ a: ---------- ~_/Ciavulinoides califomicus , Tritaxilina colei 

Karrerie/la media aguaensi~· 

!11 Vulvulina curta 

1... 

BY FAULTING 

~ ,rci;CiammTn-;. SimienS"is ~ ~. Cydammina incisa u Vemeui/ina triangulata 

0 Spiroplectammina w richardi 

Tritcvcilina colei <{ Gaudryina laeuigata 

Clauulinoides ~ ca/ifomicus ~ Karrerie/la (!§ I-, mediaguaensis 

~ \._V~~0_i'2_a _c~~ __ _ 

:I: 

a: 

-A~~~alin~id~ ~~9o-;e;.;-is- ~-

Osangularia tenuicarinata 

Trifarina califomica 

-----------------

"13u/~~r~~~ani=-BUTimina-- \_ 

Bu/iminel/a bradburyi - Trifarina 

ca/i{omica _r Nutwllides truempyi 1 

Osan~laria midwaJlPna 1 

-clblckl~d~ j-;,;,;;~--- \ 

Cibicidoides martinezensis '-

Cibicidoides whitei 

Osangularia mexicana 

Bulimine/la grata var. conuoluta 

Nuttallides truempyi 

Oridorsa/is umbonatus 

Bulimina trinitatensis 

Aragonia aragonensis r 

_V~/~u!!.'!:!!.a_ c~~d~ _____ / 

PALEOBATHYMETRY 

NERITE) BATHYAL 

uiLIMI UPPER I MIDDLE 

~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ? ~ ~ 

PLANKTONIC 

FORAMINIFERAL ZONE 

BENTHONIC 

FORAMINIFERAL 

STAGES OF 

MALLORY (1959) 

PROVISIONAL STAGE 

DETERMINATION 

BY A.D. WARREN (THIS VOLUME) 

EUROPEAN 

STAGE 

SERIES OR 

SUBSERIES 

r-------- ------------ -------- ---------

P10(?) 

c:: 

(1) 

";;j 

·;:: 

(1) 

z 

c:: 

-~ 

~ :::1 

...J 

0 

c:: 

(1) 

-~ 

t--------+--------- a. 

> 

P9 

1--------

P8 

1-,r--ps __ _ 

and( or) 

r P6 \. _____ _ 

FIGURE 5.- Continued. 

P9 

and( or) 

P8 

Narizian or 

Ulatisian 

c:: 

(1) 

"iii 

-~ 

(1) 

5 

Penutian 

Bulitian 

c:: 

(1) 

"iii 

Q) 

a. 

> 

and Thanetian 

Ynezian 

c:: 

(1) 

-~ 

:::1 

c:: 

Q) 

0.. 

c:: 

(1) 

-~ 

a. 

> 

Lower and(or) 

middle Eocene ---------

Q) 

c:: 

Q) 

(J 

0 

w 

~ 

--------\~ 

Paleocene 

________ j 

Q) 

c:: 

~ 0 

w 

1 

r 
......... 

1\J 1\J -..) -..) 

1\J w 

. ._, 

3 

0 

Benthic foraminifers 

Bathysiphon eocenicus CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Rhabdammina eocenica CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Oridorsalis umbonatus (REUSS) 

Spiroplectammina directa (CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS) 

Cassidulina globosa HANTKEN 

Anomalinoides acutus (PLUMMER) 

Nuttal/ides truempyi (NUTTALL) 

Nodosaria arundinea SCHWAGER 

Cyclammina simiensis BERRY 

Cibicidoides spiropunctatus (GALLOWAY & MORREY) 

Cibicidoides whitei (MARTIN) 

Cibicidoides beatus (MARTIN) 

Cibicidoides fortunatus (MARTIN) 

Trochammina g/obigeriniformis (PARKER & JONES) 

Nodosaria ewaldi REUSS 

Spirolocu/ina cf. S. lamposa HUSSEY 

Lenticulina spp. 

Haplaphragmoides cf. H. eggeri CUSHMAN 

Gaudryina cf. G. /aeuigata FRANKE 

Nodosarella aduena (CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS) 

Eponides sp. 

Stilostomella sp. 

Bulimina callahani GALLOWAY & MORREY 

Buliminel/a bradburyi (MARTIN) 

Gonatosphaera eocenica MALLORY 

Pullenia eocenica CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Anomalinoides welleri (PLUMMER) (=regina MARTIN?) 

Vaginu/inopsis echinata THALMANN 

Bulimina whitei MARTIN 

Lenticulina pseudouortex (COLE) 

Nodosaria deliciae MARTIN 

Lenticulina cf. L. vortex (FICHTEL & MOLL) 

Cibicidoides eponidiformis (MARTIN) 

Valvulineria childsi (MARTIN) 

Bulimina curtissima CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Eponides primus MARTIN 

Clavu/inoides californicus MALLORY 

Tritaxi/ina co/ei CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Verneuilina triangulata COOK 

Cibicidoides cf. C. pseudowuellorstorfi (COLE) 

Haplaphragmoides spp. 

Dentalina spinosa d'ORBIGNY 

Marginulina subbullata HANTKEN 

Amphimorphina ignota CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Alabamina wilcoxensis var. californica MALLORY 

"Cibicides sp." (in MALLORY no 42062) 

Tritaxi/ina principiensis (CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ) 

Aragonia aragonensis (NUTTALL) 

Uvigerina lodoensis var. miriamae MALLORY 

Pullenia reussi CUSHMAN & TODD 

Pleurostomella acuta HANTKEN 

Bulimina cf. B. instabilis CUSHMAN 

Bulimina aft. B. pyrula d'Orbigny (in MALLORY) 

Bulimina pupoides d'Orbigny (in MALLORY) 

Bifarina nuttalli CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Nodosarella constricta CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Nodosarella ignota CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Lenticulina ulatisensis BOYD 

Gyroidinoides cf. G. subangu/ata (PLUMMER) 

Karreriella mediaguaensis MALLORY 

Martinottiella eocenica CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 

Karreriella arenasensis CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 

Clauulinoides aspera CUSHMAN ? 

Vu/vulina curta CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Vaginulinopsis kel/eyi MARTIN 

Trochamminoides contortus MALLORY 

Lenticulina terryi CORRYEL & EMBICH 

Bolivina huneri COLE 

Bulimina trinitatensis CUSHMAN & JARVIS 

Bulimina macilenta CUSHMAN & PARKER 

Anomalinoides oragonensis (COLE) 

Buliminella grata var. conuo/uta MALLORY 

Lagena substriata WILLIAMSON 

Amphimorphina californica (CUSHMAN & MASTER) 

Dentalina jacksonensis (CUSHMAN & APPLIN) 

Ammodiscus cf. A. pennyi CUSHMAN & JARVIS 

Haplaphragmoides coalingensis CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Spirop/ectammina richardi MARTIN 

Turriti/ina brevispira TEN DAM 

Trochammina spp. 

Si/icosigmoi/ina cf. S. perp/exa ISRAELSKY 

Nodosaria latejugata GUMBEL 

Cibicides cf. C. martinezensis CUSHMAN & BARKSDALE 

Osangularia tenuicarinata (CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS) 

Planktic foraminiferal biozonation 

S:3:DNVH ..LSVOO VINHOdYIVO 'XHdVHDI..LVH..LS XHVI..LH:3:.1 NI S:3:IQI1..LS 

>-3 

> 

?:: 

t'l 

1:\:l .I 

~ ;::s 

;:;:. 

(:;· 

"0' 

~ 

~ 

;:;· 

~ 

~ 

;:;· 

;:;:. 

(1) 

t::::l 

(1) 

S:. 

&l 

~ ;::s 

~ .£::) 

;::: 

(1) 

~ 

;::: 

r, 

~ 

~ ..., 

(1) 

? 

..., 

~ ;::s 

g 

;::: 

;::s 

~ 

~ 

~ ..., 

;::s 

s· 

91 
..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) "' 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 1\:) 

-..J -..J -..J -..J 00 00 00 w 00 00 00 ~ 00 00 ..0 w 1\:) w w w ..... () 0 w ..... ..... ...... r: 3: ...... :; Benthic foraminifers )> o:l ITI :r: c.... " 

Osangu/aria mexicana (COLE) 

Bulimina truncanella FINLAY 

? Ammobaculites sp. 

? Epistomina partschiana (d'ORBIGNY) 

Gaudryina coalingensis CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Cyclammina incisa ST ACHE 

Dorothia cubensis CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 

Glomospira charoides PARKER & JONES 

Karreriella monumentensis MALLORY 

Dorothia germanica CUSHMAN 

Plectina cubensis CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 

Conotrochammina spp. 

Ramulina ct. R. nauaroanna CUSHMAN 

Nodogenerina kressenbergensis GUMBEL 

Nodogenerina lepidula (SCHWAGER) 

Lenticulina theta COLE 

Planularia truncana GUMBEL 

Baggatella californica MALLORY 

Bulimina semicostata var. lacrima MALLORY 

Boliuina kleinpetn BECK 

Plectofrondicularia minuta SULLIVAN 

Bulimina impendens PARKER 

Bifarina uicksburgensis CUSHMAN 

Angulogerina ct. A. wi/coxensis (CUSHMAN & PONTON) 

Eponides minima CUSHMAN 

Gyroidina orbicularis var. obliquata CUSHMAN & MASTER 

Gyroidina soldanii var. octocamerata CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Trifarina aduena var. californica MALLORY 

Siphonina wilcoxensis CUSHMAN 

Pleurostomella alazanensis var. cubensis CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 

Cibicides kemensis MALLORY 

Cibicidoides aff. C. cushmani (NUTTALL) 

Globulina lacrima REUSS 

Bulimina sp. 

Bulimina cf. B. trihedra CUSHMAN 

Uuigerina elongata COLE 

Cibicidoides alieni (PLUMMER) 

Gonatosphaera sp. 

Siphonina sp. 

Nonionella cf. N. ansata CUSHMAN 

Lenticulina ct. L. conuergens (BORNEMANN) 

Anomalinoides keeni (MARTIN) 

? "Zeauuigerina" sp. 

Pleurostome/la paleocenica CUSHMAN 

Nodosaria cf. N. uelascoensis CUSHMAN 

Osangularia midwayana (CUSHMAN & TODD) 

Siphonina cf. S. jacksonensis CUSHMAN 

Lenticulina we/chi (CHURCH) 

Cibicidina cf. C. mauricensis HOWE 

Cibicides sp. B. (in GRAHAM & GLASSEN) 

Eponides sp. nou. ? 

Chilostomel/oides sp. 

Angulogerina abbreuiata var. tubuli/era BATJES 

Dorothia principiensis CUSHMAN & BERMUDEZ 

Pleurostomella cf. P. nuttalli (CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS) 

Anomalina garzaensis CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Vaginulinopsis mexicana var. nudicostatus CUSHMAN & HANNA 

Vaginulinopsis sp. 

Bulimina consanguina CUSHMAN & PARKER 

Lenticulina cf. L. turbinata (PLUMMER) 

Siphonodosaria gracilis (PALMER & BERMUDEZ) 

Anomalinoides crassiseptus (CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS) 

Silicosigmoi/ina californica CUSHMAN & CHURCH 

Cribrostomoides sp. 

Eponides dorfi TOULMIN 

Nodogenerina adolphina (d'ORBIGNY) 

Globulina gibba var. globosa (HANTKEN) 

Haplaphragmoides excauatus CUSHMAN & WATERS 

Pullenia quinqueloba var. angusta (CUSHMAN & TODD) 

Vaginulinopsis mexicana var. kerni (COOK) 

- Ammobaculites cf. cubensis CUSHMAN 

(") Piectofrondicularia garzaensis CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

0 "Valuulineria" sp. (in MALLORY) 3 Fursenkoina zetina var. indirecta MALLORY 3 

0 Boliuina pisci/ormis GALLOWAY & MORREY ::l Cibicides grimsdalei NUTTALL 

Cibicides pachyderma (RZEHAK) 

Bulimina excauata CUSHMAN & PARKER 

Dentalina basiplanata CUSHMAN 

Asterigerina crassaformis CUSHMAN & SIEGFUS 

Spiroplectammina tejonensis MALLORY 

Lenticulina antipoda (STACHE) 

Cyclammina cf. C. clarki (HANNA) 

'"0 ~ :g t ._, :g I '"0 '"0 Planktic foraminiferal biozonation 00 '"0 00 ..... I 0 "' I 

LI XHdVHDI.LVH.LSOIH '1VH3ctiNIWVHOct OIH.LN3H 3N3D03'1Vd 

>-3 

> o:l 

r 

trl 

~ 

;::s 

~ ;;. 

r;· 

0" 

i:l 

;::! 

s· 

~ 

~ 

s· 

;;. 

('i;) 

~ 

~­~ 

;::s 

~ 

~ 

~ 

~ ('i;) 

R.. 

~ 

("') 

~ 

~ 

~ 

.fl 

~ .., 

;::s 

g 

~ 

;::s 

9" 

2 

~ 

~ ~-

' C1 

0 

:::; 

c-. 

:::; 

c: 

('!) 

0-. 
z 

0 

IN <( SCALE, I i= 

METERS ~ 

f2 

,.... 280 

1-200 

1-100 

LO 

[ 27 

0 

t 

co 

E: 

c: 

.g 

co 

E '(5 

u. 

~ 

~ 

.9 

~ 

~ -·-

·-· 

·-

LITHOLOGY AND SAMPLE NUMBER 

E-·-~· ?- JC60-93 .:....--:-....: and 

~~ 76CB1511A 

Sandy siltstone, nodular, olive-gray; weathers 

pale yellowish brown to dark yellowish 

brown; micaceous; biotitic arkose interbeds in 

lower part; thin to medium, laminated, wellsorted, fine-grained,carbonaceous matter and 

arenaceous foraminifers common E.-:-=: 

!--=--=-...:. 

t:::-· f=·-

-·-t- JC60-120 Projected from unnamed creek 4.5 km east of 

Smith Grade area -·-

·-· 

17--·--7 

·-· 

·-· 

L..:....=::::.. 

b j 

# 

«~ 

Biotitic arkose, massive- to thick-bedded, 

I medium-gray; weathers moderate 

76cB1511 yellowi~h brown; poorly sorted, med~um to 

M4668 fine gramed; round carbonate cpncret1ons up 

JCG0-126 to 1 meter in diameter scattered in upper part; 

- • -~ plant fragments and carbonaceous matter 

.. -. . . common; megafossils locally abundant; cal-

:_· -: ·. ·_-: M4667 careous foraminifers in finer sandstone. Con-

.· · · · · tact with underlying granite not exposed 

1-

1-

f1-

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGE 

AGGLUTINATED 

Cydammina simiensis, Si/icosigmoilina ca/ifomica, T rochammina 

obliqua, T. globigeriniformis, 

Haplaphragmoides excavatus, 

T rochamminoides irregu/aris, 

Hyperammina elongata, Spiroplectammina grzybowskii, Karreriel/a 

media aguaensis, Glomospira 

charoides, ?Rzehakina epigona 

T rochammina spp. 

Haplaphragmoides excauatus 

Haplaphragmoides spp. 

Si/icosigmoilina califomica 

Gaudryina spp. 

Spirop/ectammina richardi 

Gaudryina sp. 

Vemeuilina triangulata 

Trochammina sp. 

CALCAREOUS 

Gauelinella beccariiformis 

Anomalinoides rubiginosus 

Poorly represented 

--

--

------

Cibicidoides martinezensis 

Anomalinoides rubiginosus 

Gyroidinoides octocameratus 

Nodosaria deliciae 

Valuulineria martinezensis 

Vaginu/inopsis saundersi 

Lenticulina, Cibiddoides whitei 

C. martinezensis, Anomalinoides 

acutus, A regina?, Gyroidinoides octocameratus 

Eponides primus, C. sandiegensis 

·-

FIGURE G.-Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Locatelli Formation, Smith Grade-Empire Grade area. 

c: 

co 

·;::; 

Q) 

c: 

>-

tCJ) 

(3w 

u(!) 

t-~ CJ)C/) 

w 

~ 

P5 

and (or) 

P6 

1--?--

P4 

and (or) 

P5 

CJ) 

w 

a: 

w 

CJ) 

aJ 

::> 

CJ) 

Q) 

c: 

~ 0 

Q) 

«i 

a.. 

~ c. 

::> 

...... 

00 

r:n 

--3 

c:::: 

u 

t_%j """ 

r:n 

z 

--3 

t_%j 

~ 

--3 

> 

~ 

r:n 

--3 

~ --3 

0 

~ ~ 

::c 

~~ 

0 

> 

t: 

"%j 

0 

~ 

z 

> 

0 

0 

> r:n 

--3 

~ 

> z 

0 

t_%j 

r:n 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 19 

Foraminiferal faunas consist of predominantly 

agglutinated forms with minor amounts of calcareous benthic and planktic elements. Planktic foraminifers in samples from the Locatelli Formation include 

Subbotina triloculinoides, S. triangularis, S. velascoensis, Acarinina mckannai, A. acarinata and Morozovella aequa and indicate a later Paleocene age 

(Planorotalites pseudomenardii (P4)-Morozovella 

velascoensis (P5) Zones). Agglutinated benthic foraminifers of the Locatelli Formation are markedly 

similar to those that occur in the type Lodo Formation, some 250 km (150 mi) southeast of the Santa 

Cruz Mountains. Among the more characteristic are 

Bathysiphon eocenicus, Cyclammina simiensis, 

Glomospira charoides, Haplaphragmoides excavatus, 

Hyperammina elongata, Karreriella media-aguaensis, Rhabdammina eocenica, Rzehakina epigona-lata, 

Spiroplectammina richardi, and Silicosigmoilina 

californica. 

Calcareous benthic taxa are sparsely represented 

in samples from the Locatelli Formation. Among the 

more diagnostic forms present are: Anomalinoides 

acutus, A. rubiginosus, Gavelinella beccariiformis, 

Cibicidoides martinezensis, C. whitei, Osangularia 

sp., and Vaginulinopsis saundersi. 

The agglutinated benthic foraminiferal fauna of 

the Locatelli Formation, accompanied by infrequent 

calcareous benthic and planktic elements, has all the 

characteristics of a classic flysch assemblage. Most 

of the calcareous benthic taxa present are indicative 

of bathyal depths, although there is also a fairly 

diverse component of neritic elements (predominantly lagenids) similar to those in the Midway Group 

(see faunal list of Clark, 1966, table 2, also Clark in 

Brabb and others, 1977, table 5; we have_ also 

examined Clark's prepared slides of samples 

JC60-126, JC60-120, and JC60-93 in connection with 

this study). Precise estimates of deposition are not 

possible on the basis of this preliminary faunal 

examination but a general depth of 1-2 km is suggested. 

LOMPICO AREA 

The seven samples examined from the Butano 

Sandstone span a stratigraphic interval of approximately 1,000 m (fig. 7). 

Calcareous faunas are exceedingly sparse in the 

samples of the Butano Sandstone we have examined, 

although Clark (1966, table 3, also Clark in Brabb 

and others, 1977, table 4) records a relatively diverse, 

albeit sparse, calcareous fauna (including lagenids, 

buliminids, pleurostomellids and anomalinids) from 

the middle siltstone member of the Butano Sandstone 

near Lompico. 

Planktic foraminiferal faunas of the Butano Sandstone contain Subbotina sp. cf. S. linaperta, S. 

turgida, Acarinina acarinata, A. coalingensis, A. 

wilcoxensis, and Morozovella subbotinae and indicate an early Eocene age (Morozovella aragonensis 

(P8 Zone) for at least part of the middle siltstone 

member. 

Agglutinated assemblages from the Butano Sandstone are poorly preserved and not directly comparable with those observed at equivalent levels in the 

Lodo Formation or Gredal Shale Member of the 

Kreyenhagen Formation. In general the samples 

from the Butano lack the diversity seen in samples 

from the Lodo (absence of Cyclammina, Silicosigmoilina, Rzehakina, Rhabdammina, Verneuilina, Gaudryina), but this may be due to the small number of 

samples studied. Among the more diagnostic forms 

present in the Butano Sandstone are Bathysiphon 

eocenicus, Karreriella mediaguaensis, and Haplaphragmoides obliquicameratus. Calcareous benthic foraminifers, although sparse, include several 

forms also present in the type Lodo Formation. 

Among these are Buliminella bradburyi, Bolivina 

crenulata, Anomalinoides welleri, Pleurostomella 

paleocenica, Hoeglundina eocenica, and Nuttallides 

truempyi. 

The agglutinated benthic fauna of the Butano 

suggests a depositional environment similar to that 

of the Locatelli Formation with water between 1 and 

2km. 

SUMMARY 

We have made a preliminary examination of 

samples from the type Lodo Formation in the Lodo 

Gulch area; the Lodo Formation and Gredal Shale 

Member of the Kreyenhagen Formation in the Devils 

Den area, and the Locatelli Formation and Butano 

Sandstone of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. 

The following are our tentative conclusions. 

1. The type Lodo Formation is of late Paleocene and 

early Eocene (Zones P4-P9) age and contains a 

benthic foraminiferal fauna that indicates deposition during a single sedimentary cycle ranging 

from lower neritic (somewhat shallower than 200 

m) near the base to middle bathyal (about 600 m) 

in the lower part to outer neritic (200 m) in the 

upper part. 

2. A relatively abrupt shallowing occurs near the 

boundary between Zones P8 and P9 in the Lodo 

Gulch area and is denoted by the disappearance of 

bathyal taxa (including Nuttallides truempyi) 

that have more extensive stratigraphic ranges 

elsewhere in deep-sea sections. 
20 

-

-

en 

a:: 

~ w 

~ 

~ 

u.i 

...J 

5 

en 

LITHOLOGY 

... :: . ·. ·:. · .. : 

.· ·••••· ..... · ;,:;;: :·:·.·.·.· .. 

. · .. 

STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

z 

0 

SAMPLES COLLECTED BY ~ J.C.CLARK AND E. E.BRABB ~ a:: 

EB644 Projected into section; 

approximately located 

JC62-24 and 68CB245 

Projected into section from 

Boulder Creek area, 7 km 

NW. of Lompico; approximately located 

~ 

a: 

w 

CD 

~ 

w 

~ 

Upper 

sandstone 

member 

730 m 

minimum 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL 

ASSEMBLAGE 

AGGLUTINATED CALCAREOUS 

~a; O::Ln 

wen ...J !!:!: 

-a:: 

u< ~~ en Zw ~0 w O!:w <....~ a: ~zz O::...J 

O< w !1.1::-o en Z~N ~~ CD 

5< ~~ ::::> 

(l.~ zo en ~ Ow 

:I:CJ 

~< z~ 

~(/) 

I C: 

n;,!!! 

Z.!::! 

-?-

- 1000 

-

-

-

Acila decisa 

JC60-51 and 76CB1521 

. JC60-20 

'E 

Jf.Y.GZr f :~.;;: ."-.;· ."'"'·.:...:··..;...~ -_: :....,.:....,::...;:~ .. :...,:.·.~,_: ·..:,··.·+-_Jc_s_o_-_,_,_3_a_n_d_ss_c_B_6_1_5 __ --l ~ 1------+-K_a" _e~e_!!~ ~~d~~u~~~s 

:.·<·;· .. :.:·.·:·~: .. : .. ;'~ : 

~'!I~~ ~~=~~5·~~d ~g~~~~3 ! 

EXPLANATION 

Middle 

siltstone 

member 

75-230 m 

Bathysiphon eocenicus 

Trochammina obliqua 

Haplaphragmoides spp. 

Conotrochammina sp. 

Karreriella mediaguaensis, Trochammina 

spp., Ammodiscus sp. 

--------------

Nuttallides truempyi 

Bu/iminids (internal 

molds) 

... 

... 

.. ·.· 

EJ . ~------------ -------------- . 

Sandstone 

Siltstone 

Carbonate concretion 

looaol 

Conglomerate 

Lower 

sandstone 

member 

450 m 

minimum 

7 

P8 

7 

f---- Cll 

c: 

c: 

.!!! 

5 

c: 

Cll 

c. 

Cll 

(J 

0 

w 

.... 

Cll 

3: 

0 

...J 

)Il£IB{l~i~ -o-~~~~~~~~~----------------------~~--------L----------------L----------------~--------~~--~~ 

FIGURE ?.-Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Butano Sandstone in the Lompico area. Stratigraphic column from Clark 

(1966). 
PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 21 

3. The common occurrence of cyclamminids and 

Bathysiphon in the type Lodo Formation at 

depths interpreted from other faunal evidence to 

have been near the shelf-slope break (about 200m 

depth) suggests that the upper depth limit of the 

agglutinated benthic foraminiferal fauna was somewhat shallower during the Paleogene than during 

the Neogene and present day. This discrepancy 

may, in turn, be linked with the lack of a pronounced thermocline at the time. 

4. The similarity of faunas from the Devils Den 

section with those in the Lodo Gulch area is 

marked; however, the presence of a rich planktic 

foraminiferal assemblage (particularly the 

angulo-conical morozovellids and acarininids) 

throughout the Devils Den section and the absence of shallow-water calcareous benthic assemblages (as seen in the type Lodo Formation) suggests deposition at middle bathyal depths (below 

600 m) shallowing to upper bathyal (above 600 m) 

within Zone P9. 

5. The relatively sudden shallowing in the late early 

Eocene (Zone P9) in these two sections (fig. 8) is 

remarkably close to a major eustatic sea-level 

change identified by Vail, Mitchum, and Thompson (1977) by seismic stratigraphic methods and 

merits further investigation. 

6. The Locatelli Formation and Butano Sandstone of 

the Santa Cruz Mountains contain an agglutinated benthic foraminiferal fauna (with minor 

amounts of calcareous benthic and planktic 

elements) characteristic of flysch deposits elsewhere. Deposition in the distal part of turbidite 

fans at depths between 1 and 2 km is suggested. 

7. In addition to containing elements that appear to 

be of Pacific affinities, the faunas of the Lodo 

Formation and the Gredal Shale Member of the 

Kreyenhagen Formation contain numerous cosmopolitan elements known from western Europe 

(Aquitaine Basin), West Africa (Angola), the North 

Atlantic (Orphan Knoll), and elsewhere. The agglutinated fauna appears to be less cosmopolitan, 

that is, not as closely related to the Paleogene 

flysch faunas of the Carpathians and North Atlantic. 

TIME, PLANKTONIC PALEOBATHYMETRY SEA LEVEL 

IN SERIES FORAMINIFERAL 

M.Y. ZONE 

Middle P10 - -7 

P9 

50-

P8 Q) 

c - Q) 

0 di 0 

w 3: P7 0 

_J 

-

- P6 

-7--7- -

55 - Q) 

c P5 Q) 

(,J di 0 c. Q) c. - iii :::> Q.. 

P4 

-

I NERITIC I 

I UPPER 

102m 1 

0 I I I I 

1 2 3 4 

N.t. 

~.:·········· I A... ' ......... . .. . 

A.c. B.t;. 

As.c. B.t. 

Lodo Gulch area 

BATHYAL 

I x-:1::.~1 1 

's~f~:: ..... s 1 \, ....... . 

MIDDLE 

TRANS- ~REGRESSIVE-GRESSIVE---+ 

FIGURE 8.-Late Paleocene and early Eocene bathymetric history of Lodo Gulch and Devils Den (aqueduct) areas. N. t., Nuttall ides truempyi; As.c., Asterigerina crassaformis; A.c., Arwmalinnides crassiseptus; A.a., Arwmalinnides aragonensis; B.g., Buliminella grata; 

B. t., Bulimina trinitatensis. The large black "T" refers to the last occurrence of the selected species; the vertical squares indicate a 

rare or sporadic occurrence of species. 
22 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

IN THE CENTRAL COASTAL RANGES, CALIFORNIA 

By A. D. w ARREN 1 

ABSTRACT 

Nannoplankton from the Devils Den, Lodo Gulch, and Media 

Agua Creek areas were correlated with Paleogene California 

benthic foraminiferal stages along the west side of the San 

Joaquin Valley. Based on nannoplankton chronology, the Ynezian 

Stage is of Paleocene and earliest Eocene age, the Bulitian, 

Penutian, and most of the Ulatisian Stages are of early Eocene 

age, and the upper Ulatisian and lower N arizian Stages are of 

early middle Eocene age. Estimated absolute ages for the tops of 

the Ynezian and Ulatisian Stages are 52 and 48 million years 

respectively. 

Data from this and previous studies on the lower and middle 

Tertiary. of California indicate the relations of the provincial 

benthic foraminiferal stages to nannoplankton and planktic foraminiferal age and zonal assignments. The Paleogene of California includes, from oldest to youngest, the Cheneyan, Ynezian, 

Bulitian, Penutian, Ulatisian, Narizian. Refugian, and Zemorrian 

Stages. 

INTRODUCTION 

Calcareous nannoplankton are one of the most 

important fossil groups for correlation of marine 

deposits, particularly in the middle- and low-altitude 

areas of the world. The main purpose of this study is 

to examine the vertical distribution of calcareous 

nannofossils within the Paleogene California benthic foraminiferal stages as represented in three 

areas, Devils Den aqueduct, Lodo Gulch, and Media 

Agua Creek (fig. 9), along the west side of the San 

Joaquin Valley. Each of these areas contains exposures of marine sedimentary rocks which may be 

assigned to the Ynezian, Bulitian, Penutian, Ulatisian, and N arizian provincial stages of Mallory 

(1959) based on vertical distribution of benthic foraminifers. The secondary purpose of this paper is to 

reexamine the Paleogene of California by extracting 

from this and previously published studies a synthesis of the relations of the lower and middle Tertiary provincial stages to nannoplankton zonations 

and, in turn, to planktic foraminiferal zonations, 

which are in wide use today by biostratigraphers 

everywhere. 

The most commonly used nannoplankton and planktic foraminiferal zonations are those of Bukry (1973, 

1A. D. Warren, Consulting Micropaleontology, Inc., 7202 Clairemont Mesa Blvd., San 

Diego, CA 95211. 

1975), Martini (1971), Blow (1969), Berggren (1972), 

and Hardenbol and Berggren (1978). The relationship 

between these zonations is shown of figure 10. The 

series designations of Bukry (1973, 1975) will be 

followed in this report. 

Acknowledgments.-For providing samples and a 

measured section from the Devils Den (aqueduct) 

area, I thank D. W. Weaver. I am also grateful to J. H. 

Newell for much additional supplemental nannofossil data and discussion on the Lodo Gulch and Devils 

Den areas. 

DEVILS DEN (AQUEDUCT) AREA 

The aqueduct section in the Devils Den area, in sec. 

34, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., Kern County, California, 

exposes approximately 300 m of fossiliferous marine 

sedimentary rocks (fig. 11). Rock units exposed there 

are, from oldest to youngest, the upper part of the 

Panoche Formation, Lodo Formation, Avenal Sandstone, and Gredal Shale and Point of Rocks Sandstone Members of the Kreyenhagen Formation. A 

fault approximately 210 m below the top of the 

exposure repeats the Lodo, the Avenal, and part of 

the Gredal. The aqueduct section was measured and 

collected in 1970 by D. W. Weaver, and his samples 

and stratigraphic column form the basis for data 

presented on this exposure. Geologic and locality 

maps for this area have been provided by Brabb, 

Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, figs. 36 and 38). 

Age assignments using the provincial benthic 

foraminiferal stages of Mallory (1959) are as follows 

(fig. 11): Samples PR-1 to PR-26 are assigned to the 

lower N arizian Stage based on the presence of the 

following selected foraminiferal taxa: 

Alabamina wilcoxensis californica Mallory 

Anomalina crassisepta Cushman and Siegfus 

A. dorri aragonensis Nuttall 

Asterigerina crassa{ormis Cushman and Siegfus 

Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus 

Buliminella grata convoluta Mallory 

Caucasina schencki (Beck) 

Cibicides laimingi Mallory 

C. spiropunctatus Galloway and Morrey 

Vaginulinopsis asperuliformis Nuttall 
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

1240 1230 1220 1210 1200 

:~?-----~~----+---,---4----· .:_.142° 

0 . ' ·~~SIS.KIYOU I : 

~-J., I; M 0 D 0 c ! 

' /) ' Jl t·'-. ~"'' 'f'·---·,·-·~--- I 

I ""· 5 I I rj ; . t 410 

• • SHASTA I I TRINITY { • LASSEN 

, ,/ R~dding I I ·~--.r------~-c--l ' ! ) ·'-.J/""'" _j_ l TEHAMA /\ ' ' 

- ~---? ___ __./ ( PLUMAS ~ t 40 o 

'1-- t-·---·\.. " ) ' 00 ' • ' (' . ....._ _____ 11 

0 _j--; GLENN f BUTTE \.1' SIERRA 

'1-. [ I ' / . ...J I .ol"""\ • 

0\ ~--. ...r-1.-; . ~y- NEVAb"A'I 

I \ Cl --r-r::;'0. ,....--·- ., 0< . ~\ ~r . \ .. LAKE'\ ~ \ ~} _: .~~ _ .: • '1 • ~· "'-uc~ r~ l... '\ ~----~ ~;r~ ~~-·'-.... )· 

__ .-. .--- '\ _ _/\,YOLO \,,_j__~EL DORADO . ./ '" SONOM . \ \.Sacramc;nto Jl. r • 

0 50 

I'•' I I ,I 

A\ NAPA'.._,-~ ':*sAcRA \_J-, . ./ -ALPINE\ "'-

\ \ i J MENTO_i ... ~~\)~~~~:~..._{.l ·., ~ ' fi30LAN(if ·.......--~·/,,:~~ . ',, 

,7' - _, r( . :\F . "' ' 118 0 

c11l ~- SAN \C~ I "'\ '· ~ c. ~'v . :'\., ). TUOLUMNE · MONO"-.. + 38° 

123 oSan .o8J>-17'q.-#OAQUI~ "\c. _ /·"""-'-._ •• Francisco . (.!~,...;.--·· j /~ ·-... .~ '--- /'(,._. " 

100 

50 

7 llt~bij.: ~'\Sl-~\JV\MARIPOS}" /\., ·., 7 -to .-- tS'tM" ./ .../ '"-.-----~. 1; • SANTA "l · f \ , ~ / i 0 Btshop ·, 

o · /. / .c~ I ' ' , CLARA\_. , '.::;:,... ~v , l '• 11 7 ° 

1)-. "( MERCEr)._..... +~ r-r' . ..,., "· _j_ CRUZ\. • ./----\_ /\ :-:' '\ 'T 37° ' . . ~ -~ J . 'l sAN -.-- _r-- · "'-. 

FRESN_9-.J-- \ IN y 0 ·"'-. 

~./l \. ." 'KINGS~ ( •. 11 6o 

. 1

. TULARE ·\ ".~ " /_ . 36° '"""'' ' . . ----- . ___ _j _ _.,; _______ L_T ___ __,--------~. 

' i' '"·· 115 ° . ~ ~~ 

Devils Den 

35°+ 

Media Agua C~eele 

"l KERN '-

./·..__ ISPO ·1 ' 'I +' '·35° . ·--:i" SANTA'-_j_ • \. 

·rt:'-·~.------·-( SAN BERN ARDIN 0 \ 

~ARBARA I ~4>1> \ LOS ANGELES'\ ~\.. . u.-? • 

-1 \ • ') 

,; ) ,/ 

J _________ ---l·----·=7--34° r-----~ . ( r·v· : ~ ' ) 

~<14: 

1 R I V E R S I D E ~ 

"~-~ .. ____ ---,------·---!' ' \ 

J IMPERIAL 

' :~33° 

I J San Diego ----~·-:-r-----·---.,----· --- 1160 1150 

150 200 250 KILOMETERS 

100 150 MILES 

+ 

llJO 

FIGURE 9.-Index map of the counties of California showing nannofossil localities. 

23 
24 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

PALEOGENE CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON ZONATION 

PALEOGENE LOW-LATITUDE NANNOPLANKTON ZONATION OF 

OF MARTINI (1971) 

BUKRY (1973, 1975) Boundaries between zones and series are dashed where 

relationship to Bukry's zonation approximate 

SERIES OR NANNOPLANKTON ZONES SERIES OR NANNOPLANKTON ZONES SUBS ERIES SUBSERIES 

Miocene 

Discoaster druggii Miocene 

NN2 Discoaster druggi 

T riquetTorhabdulus Discoaster deflandrei carinatus 

Cydicargo/ithus abisectus ----

NN1 Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus 

~-------------------------

Upper NP25 Sphenolithus ciperoensis 

Sphenolithus ciperoensL~ Oligocene 

NP24 Sphenolithus distentus 

Oligocene Sphenolithus distentus Middle 

Oligocene NP23 Sphenolithus predistentus 

Sphenolithus predistentus 

Reticu/ofenestra hillae NP22 Helicopontosphaero reticulata 

Helicopontosphaera Coccolithus formosus Lower 

reticu/ata Oligocene NP21 Ericsonia ? subdisticha Coccolithus subdistichus 

NP20 Sphenolithus pseudorodians 

Upper Discoaster lsthmolithus recurous ------------------------- Eocene barbadiensis Upper NP19 /sthmo/ithus recurous 

Chiasmolithus oamaruensis Eocene ~ ~~1~ S!!i~~9.1i!!J!!S_ ~~~~e~ ________ 

Discoaster saip:mensis 1------ NP17 Discoaster saipanensis Reticulofenestra 

umbi/ica ~-------------------------

Discoaster bifax NP16 Discoaster tani nodifer 

Middle ~------------------------- Eocene Coccolithus staurion 

Nannotetrina Chiasmolithus gigas NP15 Chiphragmalithus alatus quadrata Middle 

Discoaster strictus Eocene 

Discoaster Rhabdosphaera inf/ata 

sublodoensis Discoasteroides kuepperi NP14 Discoaster sublodoensis 

Discoaster lodoensis NP13 Discoaster lodoensis 

Lower -------------------------- Eocene 

Tribrochiatus orthosty/us Lower NP12 Marthasterites tribrachiatus 

Eocene 

Discoaster Discoaster binodosus NP11 Discoaster binodosus 

diastypus Tribrachiatus contortus NP1 0 Marthasterites contortus 

-------------------

Discoaster multiradiatus NP9 Discoaster multiradiatus 

Upper 

Paleocene 

Discoaster nobi/is NPS Heliolithus riedeli 

Disc~ster mohleri 1----------~------------------------- NP7 Discoaster gemmeus 

Paleocene Heliolithus k/einpel/ii Middle NP6 Heliolithus kleinpelli Paleocene 

Fascicu/ithus tympaniformis NP5 Fascicu/ithus tympaniformis -- NP4 Ellipsolithus mace/Ius 

Cruciplaco/ithus tenuis NP3 Chiasmolithus danicus 

Lower 

Paleocene NP2 Crucip!acolithus tenuis 

NP1 Markalius inversus 

Upper ------------------------ Cretaceous Upper 7 Cretaceous 

FIGURE 10.-Diagram showing relationship between the nannoplankton zones of Bukry (1973, 1975) and Martini 
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 25 

PALEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL ZONATION (1978) 

MODIFIED AFTER BLOW (1969), BERGGREN (19721. 

AND HARDENBOL AND BERGGREN (1982) 

SERIES OR EUROPEAN STAGE BOUNDARY PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL ZONE SUBS ERIES AGE IN M.Y.B.P. 

N5 G/oboquadrina dehiscens proedehiscens - G/oboquadrina dehiscens 

Miocene Aquitanian 

24 N4 G/obigerinoides quadri/obatus primordius/Gioborota/ia kug/eri 

P22 Globigerina angulisuturo/is 

Upper Chattian Oligocene P21 G/obigerina angulisuturolis/Gioborota/ia opima opima 

32 P20 Globigerina ampliaperturo 

P19 G/obigerina sellii/Pseudohastigerina barbadoensis 

Lower Rupelian Oligocene P18 G/obigerina tapuriensis 

37 P17 G/obigerina gortanii gortanii/Gioborotalia centra/is 

Upper 

Eocene Priabonian P16 Cribrohantkenina inflata 

P15 G/obigernpsis mexicana 40 

Bartonian P14 Truncorotaloides rohri-Giobigerinita howei 

44 P13 Orbu/inoides beckmanni 

Middle P12 Globorotalia Iehnen 

Eocene P11 G/obigernpsis kug/eri 

Lutetian 

P10 Hantkenina arogonensis 

49 

P9 Acarinina densa 

P8 Globorotalia arogonensis 

Lower Ypresian Eocene 

P7 Globorotalia formosa 

53.5 P6 Globorotalia subbotinae/Acarinina wi/coxensis 

P5 Globorotalia ue/ascoensis 

Upper Thanetian Paleocene P4 Globorotalia pseudomenardii 

P3 Globorotalia pusilla-Gioborotalia angulata 

60 

P2 Globorotalia uncinata-G/obigerina spiro/is 

Lower 

Paleocene Danian 

P1 Globoconusa daubjergensis 

65 Upper Maestrichtian Cretaceous 7 

(1971) and the planktic foraminiferal zones of Blow (1969), Berggren (1972) and Hardenbol and Berggren (1978). 
26 

c: 

.g 

ctl 

E 

~ c: 

Q) 

Cl 

ctl 

..c: 

c: 

Q) 

~ ~ 

-Q) 

c: 

~ "'C 

c: 

ctl 

en 

iii 

c: 

Q) 

> 

a: 

w 

CD 

~ 

w 

~ 

-bt 

C:ctl 

ctiC. 

en-

!.!~ (.).0 oE 

a:Q) 

0~ 

-Q) 

c:c: 

·- 0 o- Q..I/) 

1---

~ ..0 

E 

Q) 

~ 

Q) 

iii 

..c: 

en 

iii 

"0 

Q) 

(5 

I-<(~ 

I--

c: 

0 

·.;; 

ctl 

E 

0 

u... 

0 

"'C 

0 

....J 

STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

LITHOLOGY AND SAMPLE 

NUMBER 

···················· 

·.-·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·.::·:·.::·:·:·:·:·:·:·. - PR-1 

::::::::::::::::::::::::::s:::: 

. ·: ::::::: .. ::::::. ·: : .. 

74C81291M74C81281 L -!c====:.::rQ PR-14 >~,. .., " " " ._X " • 

------ = PR-15 - PR-15a -PR-16 

74CB1281 K- - - ~ - -- :PR·20 f- ______ :PR-21 

__ :.._ ___ :PR-27 

-PR-30 

,. ' ,. '~ ,. 1",. - ------

------_-_- -- -PR-36 

;o,. " A )<. ( ' > ' X - PR-37 

------ 74CB1281J- _x_--- -PA-39 

~ -><_:-::_-:.:_:->:._-; =PR-40 

74CB1281H _"S_ __ 2:..,_ 

\( ........ ,_" )<"" ... Jl 

--- -- --

:u?=~~ ~~< -PR-45 

74CB1281E- .__~.: :.'_" :...~_: -PR-50 f------

-PR-51 

74CB1633 -f;)~_<B_~e!l_<· -PR-52 

74CB1281D- =PR-54 

-------

- - - - - - - PR-58 Possible t::_-..:::: -..=.-::;::::..::: fault zone-~ _ 

~~~-~ -PR-62 f--------

-- ---- 74CB1281C?- -_-_-_-_-_ =PR-65 

SELECTED NANNOFOSSILS 

l(! 

"'0 ·a .!a .g :§ "' .g t: E c ] cu 

.g ]' "'0 c c ~ -9 ::3 

-0 0' E ~ ::3 c cu "' "' t: c ::3 't: -'= -'= ~ ~ ~ :!::! 

0 0 :g 0 "'0 t: 0 t: -0 cu \J t: c -'= .!!! ~ -'= Q, 

c ~ Cl,) 

I 

"' ::3 

~ 

0 "' -'= 1: 

0 

"' ::3 

~ 

-'= \J 

E 

-0 

't: 

tNANNOPLANKTON ZONE 

OFBUKRY 

(1973) 

Nannotetrina 

quadrata 

Coccolith us 

staurion 

Chiasmolithus 

gigas 

Discoaster 

strictus 

f-------- --------

f-------- ---------

Discooster 

sub/odoensis 

Rhabdosphaera 

inflata 

~ Discoasteroides 

kuepperi 

Discoaster /odoensis 

~----------------

Tribrachiatus orthostylus 

Discoaster diastypus 

BENTHONIC 

SERIES OR FORAMINIFERAL 

SUBSERIES STAGE OF MALLORY 

(1959) 

Middle 

Eocene 

Lower 

Eocene 

Narizian 

- ------·------

Narizian 

or 

Ulatisian 

f--------------

Ulatisian 

f--------------

Uiatisian 

or 

Penutian ------------- Penutian 

Bulitian 

Ynezian 

FIGURE !!A.-Biostratigraphy of the aqueduct section of the Devils Den Area. A is the upper part of the section exposed near the penstocks. 
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 27 

z 

0 

~ ~ 

a: 

0 

LL 

c: 

a: 

w 

CD 

~ 

w 

~ 

Q) c: t»o 

~ ·~ iii ~§ .c >o E !!?u. Q) 

~ ~ 

Q) 

iii r- ~ 

Q) en c: 

~ "C 

c: 

11:1 

en 

iii 

c: 

Q) 

> 1- <t 1-- 1--

c: 

0 o·.:; 

"011:1 OE ..J._ 0 

LL 

-

iut EIQ ._a. 

0'-

LL.Q) 

Q. Q)Q. 

~::J 

CJoc: 

~0 a..·.:; 

LITHOLOGY AND SAMPLE 

NUMBER 

- ..l - _-J--

-

- .. - - - 1_ : 

- - - - - - : PR-80 

74CB1281C ------

- - - - ' -

74CB1281B ................... . 

74CB1281A4:~.-:~ .. -~~~;_·=t.~~.:~ .. -~.~~ .. ~-~~PR- S 74CB1281 

74CB1273B - PR-87 

74CB1273A 

74CB1634~"_:s!-::;::;._2"_:::::-:z:;_:::::·~!::::!·.::::_!::f_-~~=~~ 

-----_-_-_-_ -PR-95 

; _: ;:~:~ ~; ~: ~ : PR-97 

;.;z.~~,c;~_;-~ -PR-98 

-:::-:::-:::-:::-_:--_ - PR-99 -_-_-_-_-_- -PR-100 

r=~~==-=~--~~== -PR-101 - - - - - - - PR-1 02 

Covered I 

interval 

SELECTED NANNOFOSSILS 

I 

I 

I 

EXPLANATION 

NANNOPLANKTON ZONE BENTHONIC 

0 UKRY SERIES OR FORAMINIFERAL 

F B SUBSERIES STAGE OF MALLORY 

(1973) (1959) 

Discoaster sublodoensis 

and 

Discoaster lodoensis 

r-----------------

Tribrachiatus orthostylus 

Discoaster diastypus 

UNCONFORMITY? 

a 

Lower 

Eocene 

Upper 

Cretaceous 

Ulatisian 

------------- Uiatisian 

or 

Pen uti an 

------------- Penutian 

Bulitian 

Ynezian 

FREQUENCY SYMBOLS 

~ 

~ 

Shale or mudstone 

D 

Sandstone 

Concretion 

~ ) 

( 

Fossil mollusks 

~ 

~ 

Glauconite 

Structurally deformed 

shale or mudstone 

Rare, possibly reworked 

or questionable 

occurrences 

Rare 

I 

Rare to few 

I 

Common to abundant 

METERS 

30 

20 

10 

FIGURE 11B.-Lower part of the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area. Section measured and collected in 1970 by D. W. Weaver (PR 

sample numbers). Other samples were collected by E. E. Brabb. See Berggren and Aubert, this volume, for discussion. Lithostratigraphy from Dibblee ( 1973). Series assignments for formations are based on repeated faulted nannoplankton zonal assignments of 

Bukry (1973a, b). (See also Berggren and Aubert, this volume.) 
28 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

Samples PR-27 to PR-31 cannot be assigned with 

certainty to ei~her the Ulatisian or Narizian Stage 

although most workers would probably classify these 

samples as Ulatisian based on rare to few occurrences 

of the following selected taxa: 

Bulimina debilis Martin 

Gaudryina jacksonensis coalingensis Cushman 

and Hanna 

Nodosaria latejugata Gumbel 

Vaginulinopsis mexicana (Cushman) vars. 

Samples PR-32 to PR-49 are assigned to the Ulatisian Stage on the basis of the following selected taxa: 

Bi{arina nuttalli Cushman and Siegfus 

Globorotalia aragonensis Nuttall 

Nodosaria latejugata Gumbel 

Lenticulina ulatisensis (Boyd) 

Trifarina aduena californica Mallory 

Uvigerina lodoensis Martin and vars. 

Vaginulinopsis mexicana (Cushman) vars. 

Valuulineria indiscriminata Mallory 

McKeel and Morin (1979) have investigated the 

taxonomic status of Valuulineria indiscriminata 

Mallory and have determined that it is a planktic 

species referable to the genus Planorotalites. In 

addition, they consider Globorotalia pseudochapmani 

Gohrbandt to be a junior synonym of Planorotalites 

indiscriminata (Mallory), having had the opportunity 

of comparing hypotypes of the latter species to paratypes or topotypes of the former provided by Gohrbandt and finding them to be conspecific. Mallory 

(1959) indicates that this species is restricted to his 

Ulatisian Stage. 

Samples PR-50 and PR-51 are either Penutian or 

Ulatisian as the taxa present are not clearly diagnostic of either stage. 

The A venal Sandstone is assigned to the Penutian 

Stage on the basis of Pseudosphragmina psila 

(Woodring), and Rotularia (Spiroglyphus) tinajasensis (Hanna and Hertlein), a worm tube, collected by 

the author from the Avenal Sandstone. 

Samples PR-52 and PR-53 are assigned to the Penutian Stage based on the occurrence of the following 

selected taxa: 

Angulogerina wilcoxensis (Cushman and 

Ponton) 

Eponides lodensis Martin 

Pseudophragmina psila (Woodring) 

Lenticulina laimingi (Israelsky) 

Siphonina wilcoxensis Cushman 

Verneuilina triangulata Cook 

Lenticulina laimingi (Israelsky) was first recognized as a distinctive species by Cook (1950) but was 

not formally described at that time. The species 

appears to range from within the Bulitian Stage to 

the top of the lower Penutian Stage and is present in 

the Lodo Formation at its type locality in the Lodo 

Gulch area and in the Lodo Formation in the Devils 

Den and Media Agua Creek areas. 

Samples PR-54 to PR-64 are assigned to the Bulitian Stage on the basis of the following selected taxa: 

Bulimina excauata Cushman and Parker (rare) 

Cibicides kernensis Cook 

Globorotalia californica Smith (rare) 

Lenticulina laimingi (Israelsky) 

Samples PR-65 to PR-70 are assigned to the upper 

Y nezian Stage on the basis of the following selected 

taxa: 

Anomalina dorri Cole 

Bulimina excauata Cushman and Parker 

(common) 

Chiloguembelina midwayensis subcylindrica 

Beckman 

Globorotalia californica Smith (common) 

G. marginodentata Subbotina 

Samples PR-71 to PR-98 are in that part of the 

section repeated by faulting and represent part of the 

Ulatisian, Penutian, Bulitian, and Ynezian Stages. 

These stage assignments are based on the occurrence 

of the same foraminifers below the fault as above the 

fault, thus providing paleontological evidence of the 

repeated section. 

Samples PR-99 to PR-102 are from the upper part 

of the Panoche Formation and contain only crushed 

arenaceous foraminifers except for sample PR-101, 

in which Cretaceous radiolarians were recognized by 

M. B. Mickey (oral commun., 1975). Radiolarian species present are Amphipyndax plousios, Dictyomitra 

cf. multicostata and Stichomitra asymbatos, all of 

which have been reported from the Late Cretaceous 

of California by Foreman (1968). 

Some of the nannoplankton from the Devils Den 

section are shown on Figure 10. Additional nannoplankton from samples collected by E. E. Brabb are 

shown on table 3. The stratigraphic position of the 

Brabb samples is shown in the report by Aubert and 

Berggren (this volume, fig. 4). 

The ages of nannoplankton from the aqueduct 

section in the Devils Den area are also shown on 

figure 11 and table 3. These age assignments follow 

the zonal criteria and series correlations proposed by 

Bukry (1973a and b, 1975). Nannoplankton zones 

recognized are the Discoaster diastypus, Tribrachia-
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 29 

tus orthostylus, Discoaster lodoensis, Discoaster 

sublodoensis, and Nannotetrina quadrata Zones. 

Placement of boundaries between the Tribrachiatus 

orthostylus and Discoaster lodoensis Zones and the 

Discoaster sublodoensis and Nannotetrina quad rata 

Zones are not precise. The boundary between the 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus and Discoaster lodoensis 

Zones is arbitrarily and tentatively drawn here to 

approximate the highest occurrence of persistent and 

common to abundant Tribrachiatus orthostylus and 

the lowest occurence of Coccolithus crassus s. ampL 

The boundary between the Discoaster sublodoensis 

and Nannotetrina quadrata Zones must be below 

sample PR-21 and above sample PR-30, but the 

absence of both Rhabdosphaera inflata and Nannotetrina quadrata in samples from that interval precludes a more precise placement based on the criteria 

proposed by Bukry (1973). The highest occurrence of 

persistent and common to abundant Discoaster 

sublodoensis as noted in sample PR-27 might serve 

locally as a useful reference point approximating the 

top of the Discoaster sublodoensis Zone. 

Having now resolved the placement of both provincial stage and nannoplankton zonal boundaries within the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area, we 

may draw the following conclusions regarding that 

section: 

1. The boundary between the Y nezian and Bulitian 

States lies within the lower part of the Tribrachiatus orthostylus Zone and very near the top of 

the Discoaster diastypus Zone, and the boundary 

between the Ulatisian and N arizian Stages is 

closely associated with the top of the Discoaster 

sublodoensis Zone. 

2. Age assignments based on nannoplankton as 

proposed by Bukry (1973, 1975) require that the 

upper Ynezian, Bulitian, Penutian, and lower and 

middle Ulatisian Stages be of early Eocene age 

and that the uppermost Ulatisian and lower 

N arizian be of early middle Eocene age. 

3. A hiatus or unconformity at the contact between 

the Upper Cretaceous Panoche Formation and the 

Lodo Formation is suggested by the absence of 

any Paleocene nannoplankton zones. 

4. At Devils Den, the Panoche Formation is of Late 

Cretaceous age, and, on the basis of nannoplankton, the Lodo Formation, A venal Sandstone, and 

lower part of the Gredal Shale Member of the 

Kreyenhagen Formation are of early Eocene age, 

and the upper part of the Gredal Shale Member 

and lower part of the Point of Rocks Member of 

the Kreyenhagen are of middle Eocene age. 

LODO GULCH AREA 

The Lodo Formation at its type locality at Lodo 

Gulch, sees. 28 and 29, T. 15 S., R. 12 E., Fresno 

County, California, is a continuous section of marine 

sedimentary rocks approximately 360m thick. Martin 

(1943) and Israelsky (1951, 1955) provided foraminiferal data on the type Lodo, which Mallory 

(1959, p. 29, 33, 37, 51, 53 and fig. 7) used to generalize 

the approximate position of his lower Tertiary benthic foraminiferal stages within that section. In a 

classic report, Bramlette and Sullivan (1961) described 

in detail the nannoplankton flora of the type Lodo 

Formation including data on the overlying Domengine and Kreyenhagen Formations from -other localities. Utilizing distributional data of Bramlette and 

Sullivan (1961, table 1) and Hay and others (1967, fig. 

5), Poore (1976) reinterpreted zonal assignments 

within the type Lodo Formation to prove the presence 

of six nannoplankton zones within that unit, the 

Discoaster mohleri, D. nobilis, D. multiradiatus, D. 

diastypus, Tribrachiatus orthostylus, and Dis coaster 

lodoensis Zones of Bukry (1973); the lower three zones 

are placed in the Paleocene by the majority of nannoplankton workers, and the higher three are considered to be early Eocene. Figure 12 illustrates the 

relations in the Lodo Gulch area of the formations, 

provincial benthic foraminiferal stages, vertical distribution of key nannofossil taxa, and nannoplankton 

zones to one another as derived from published data 

of the authors cited above. Additional nannoplankton 

from this section are shown on table 3. 

Keeping in mind that the placement of benthic 

foraminiferal stage boundaries in figure 12 is only 

approximate, the following conclusions may be 

drawn· as regards the exposures in the Lodo Gulch 

area: 

1. The Y nezian-Bulitian boundary as approximately 

delimited by Mallory (1959, p. 29 and 33) appears 

to be within the Discoaster diastypus Zone. 

2. Following Bukry's (1973a and b, 1975) correlation 

of nannoplankton zones with European Tertiary 

series, and the correlations in this report between 

the nannoplankton zones and the benthic foraminiferal stages, most of the Ynezian Stage is of 

Paleocene age, and the uppermost Ynezian, 

Bulitian, Penutian, and lower and middle Ulatisian Stages are of early Eocene age. 

3. A hiatus may be present between the Moreno 

Shale and the overlying type Lodo Formation as 
30 

Ill 

Q) 

Ill 

-5 

:; 

(J 

0 

"0 

0 

...J 

c: 

Q) 

Cl Ill 

..!!~ ·s"' 

Q) 

Cl 

Kreyenhagen Shale 

Domengine 

Sandstone 

Lode 

Formation 

Rock Units 

• • • • 

Rock Umts 

Wagonwheel Formation 

Point of Rocks 

Sandstone Member 

Gredal Shale 

Member 

Lodo(?) 

Formation 

Gredal Shale 

Member of 

Kreyenhagen 

Formation 

Lodo(?) Formation 

STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

74CB1214B 

76CB1662 

76CB1661 

• • • • 

• • 

• • 

• 

• • 

• • 76CB1654 

76CB1653 

74CB1221 

74CB1221A 

. . . . . . .. 

74CB1221B 

74CB1222A 

74CB1221C 

74CB1222B 

74CB1222C 

74CB1221D 

74CB1222D 

74CB1221E 

74CB1231 

74CB1221F 

74CB1231A 

74CB1221G 

74CB1231B 

74CB1221H 

74CB1231C 

74CB1231D 

74CB1231E 

74CB1231F 

. 74CB1231G 

. . . . 

• 

• . . . • 

• 

. . . 

• 

• 

. . 

• 

. . 

• 

. . • 

. . 

. . . 

. . . . . . . . . . . 

• 

• • • 

• 

• . . . 

• 

• 

• . . . . • . . . . . 

.. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 74CB1251D • • • • • • 74CB1251C 

Sample 

Numbers 

Sample 

Numbers 

. . . 

. . 

• • 

.. • • . . . • • • . . . . . . . .. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 

. . 

• • 

• • . . 

. . . • • • . . . 

• 

• 

TABLE 3.-Identification and age of nannoplankton samples 

I For the stratigraphic position of these samples, see the 

• 

• 

• 

. . . . . . 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• • 

• • 

• 

• 

• 

• • 

• 

• 

. . 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . . . . 

• • • • • 

• 

. . . . . . 

• 

• 

• . . 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • 

• • . . . . . . • . . • . . . . 

. . 

.. 

• 

• 

. . . . . . 

76CB1644 • • • • • • 

74CB1291A 

74CB1291 

74CB1281M 

74CB1281L 

74CB1281K 

74CB1281J. 

74CB1281H 

74CB1281F 

74CB1281E 

74CB1281D 

74CB1281C 

74CB1281 

74CB1273B 

74CB1273A 

74CB1273 

• 

• 

• 

• • . . . 

. 

• . • . . . 

• • . . . • • • • . . . • . . • • 

• • • • • . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • . . . • • • • • 

• • • • 

• • • . • 

• • • • . . . . • • • • . . • • . • .. . • • • 

• 

• • 

• 

• 

. . • • 

• • • • 

• • • • 

• • • • 

• • • • • • 

• • . . . • .. •• • • SECTION REPEATED 

. • • • . • . • • 

• • • . . • • • 

• • • . . • • • 

• • . . • • . . 
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 31 

collected by E. E. Brabb in the Devils Den and Lodo Gulch areas 

report by Berggren and Aubert (this volume, fig.4)] 

• • • • 

• .. •• 

• • 

• . . • . . 

• 

• • 

• 

. . 

. . 

. . 

. . • • 

• .. • . . . • • • . . . .. • . . . . . . . . . •• 

. . 

. . 

. . .. . . • . . . .. 

. . • . . . . • 

• • 

• . . • • • . . . • • 

• • ... • • 

• • . . . . • 

• . . • • • 

• .. • 

• . . . • 

• • • 

• . . BY FAULTING 

• .. 

• . . 

• 

• 

• • 

• 

•• 

• 

• • 

• . . • •• 

•• 

• • 

• • • 

• . . • . . • • • 

• • • 

• • 

• •• 

• • 

• .. • • 

• • 

• • 

• • 

• . . • . . 

• 

. . . • 

. . 

. . 

• . . • • . . • 

• • 

• • 

• 

• Nannotetrina quadrata Discoaster strictus 

• 

• 

• 

• 

. .. 

• 

• 

• 

Discoaster 

sublodoensis 

Discoasteroides kuepperi 

Discoaster lodoensis 

T ribrachiatus orthostylus/ Discoaster lodoensis undifferentiated 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus 

Discoaster mulliradiatus 

NANNOPLANKTON ZONES AND SUBZONES 

OF BUKRY ( 1973) 

NANNOPLANKTON ZONES AND SUBZONES 

OF BUKRY ( 1973) 

D. barbadiensis to H. reticulata 

Nannotetrina 

quadrata 

I. recurou:s to C. subdlstichus 

Chiasmolithus 

gigas 

Discoaster 

strictus 

Probable Nannotetrina quadrata 

Discoaster 

sublodoensis 

Rhabdosphaera in/lata 

Discoasteroides 

kuepperi 

Discoaster lodoensis 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus 

Discoaster diastypus Discoaster binodosus 

Discoaster sublodoensis I D. kuepperi 

Discooster lodoensis 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus 
32 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

SELECTED NANNOFOSSILS FREQUENCY AND RANGE 

SYMBOLS 

? Rare, possibly reworked or 

questionable occurrences 

w u.z I oo Rare wlCJ)Cil 

<(0 

mZ ...: I PROVINCIAL <( Rare to few 

SERIES CALIFORNIA FORMA- SAMPLE ~CJ) g 

TION NUMBER Ow (I) .!!l ~ STAGE ff:~ .a ~ .1 1 I CJ)(!J ~ .!!! :S ~ Common to abundant a:Z ~ ~ ·c:: .g wW 

~ ~ ~ e ;$ -g ~--~ cu ..c: .E :::. ii ~ .g ~ .s """ wo ~ 0 ::s ..Q 

·~ 0 

~0 I.> .:e ..2 E E 0 ::s 

~ .1 s:: (I) ~ 

;S ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ;§ ;g .9 ;S ..c: ;z: § § 8 § ] I.> NANNOPLANKTON ZONES OF 

8 ;z: 

8 8 0 e OF BUKRY (1973) g I.> 

~ ..Q .!!l .!!l .!!j .!!l cS .!!l 

~ ·c:: u 0 0 0 0 0 1-

76CB1662 +14 Domengine I T Discoaster Discoasteroides 

Sandstone 76CB1661 +8 sublodoensis kuepperi 

Ulatisian 76CB110 -0.3 ? ? 

76CB105 -14 ? ? 

76CB82 -127 ? 

------- 76CB80 -137 ? ? Discoaster Pen uti an 

76CB58 ? lcxloensis -250 

------- Eocene 76CB57 -253 

76CB51 -269 

76CB50 -271 ? ? 

~-----------------

Bulitian Lodo 76CB48 -275 

Formation T ribrachiatus 76CB37 -305 ? orthostylus 

76CB25 -313 

76CB34 -316 Discoaster 1--------

I 

diastypus 76CB23 -318 

76CB32 -320 Discoaster 

76CB19 -327 multiradiatus 

Ynezian 

Paleocene 76CB7 -355 Discoaster 

nobilis 

76CB6+1 -357 I I Discoaster 

mohleri 

76CB3 -365 Hiatus? 

FIGURE 12.-Selected nannofossil distributions, nannoplankton zonation, and benthic foraminiferal stages in the Lodo 

Gulch area. The lithostratigraphy is from Israelsky (1951, fig. 2). Sample numbers and nannoplankton frequency and 

range are from Bramlette and Sullivan (1961). Nannoplankton zonal assignments are by Poore (1976). Benthic 

foraminiferal stage assignments are by Mallory (1959). Dashed lines indicate stage and zone boundaries are 

approximately located. 

suggested by the absence of any Paleocene nannofossil zones older than the Discoaster mohleri 

Zone within the type Lodo. 

4. On the basis of nannoplankton in the Lodo Gulch 

area, the Lodo Formation is of late Paleocene and 

early Eocene age. 

MEDIA AGUA CREEK AREA 

At Media Agua Creek, in sec. 22, T. 28 S., R. 19 E., 

Kern County, California, a continuous section of 

lower Tertiary marine sedimentary rocks over 700 m 

thick is exposed. Rock units present, from oldest to 

youngest, are the Lodo(?) Formation, Avenal Sand-
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 33 

stone, Gredal Shale and Point of Rocks Sandstone 

Members of the Kreyenhagen Formation following 

stratigraphic nomenclature modified from Dibblee 

(1973a, p. 8-13). Mallory (1959, 1970), after detailed 

foraminiferal analysis, selected the Media Agua 

Creek exposures as the type sections for the benthic 

foraminiferal zones of his Ynezian and Bulitian 

Stages and the type section of his Penutian Stage; he 

also delimited the position of the Ulatisian and lower 

N arizian Stages within that section. Sullivan (1964, 

1965) provided detailed nannoplankton data from 

Mallory's samples; Poore (1976) used these data to 

establish the position of the nannoplankton zones of 

Bukry (1973) in the Media Agua Creek section. Consequently, the Media Agua Creek section is perhaps the 

single most important reference section for the lower 

Tertiary in California by virtue of its wealth of 

disciplinary controls. 

Figure 13 illustrated the ·relations at Media Agua 

Creek of the provincial stages, formations, vertical 

distribution of key nannofossil taxa, and nannoplankton zones to one another as derived from published 

data of the authors cited in the preceding paragraph. 

However, I have placed the boundary between the 

Discoaster lodoensis and Discoaster sublodoensis 

Zones at the approximate middle of the Gredal Shale 

Member rather than at the base of the Gredal as 

shown by Poore (1976, pl. 1); this interpretation is 

based on the first stratigraphic occurrence of Discoaster sublodoensis in Sample A-7052 as reported by 

Sullivan (1965). 

From previously published data from the various 

authors cited above, the following conclusions may 

be drawn as regards the Media Agua Creek section: 

1. The Ynezian-Bulitian boundary at Media Agua 

Creek is coincident with the top of the Discoaster 

diastypus Zone. 1 

2. Age assignments based on nannoplankton as 

proposed by Bukry (1973, 1975) require that the 

lower Ynezian Stage be Paleocene and that the 

upper Ynezian, Bulitian, Penutian, and the lower 

Ulatisian be of early Eocene age. It is not possible 

from the available data to determine if the middle 

and upper Ulatisian at Media Agua Creek is in 

part of early middle Eocene age as noted in other 

exposures along the west side of the San Joaquin 

Valley, but the lower N arizian here is clearly of 

early middle Eocene age. 

3. The absence of the Discoaster multiradiatus Zone 

suggests a hiatus within that part of the Lodo(?) 

Formation assigned by Mallory to the Y nezian 

Stage. A second hiatus or unconformity may be 

present at or near the contact between the 

Panoche and Lodo(?) Formations as suggested by 

the absence of any recognizable Paleocene nannoplankton zones older than the Discoaster 

nobilis Zone. 

4. At Media Agua Creek, on the basis of nannoplankton, the lowermost 10 m of the Lodo(?) Formation 

is Paleocene, and the remainder of the Lodo(?), the 

A venal Sandstone, and the lower part of the 

Gredal Shale Member of the Kreyenhagen Formation are of early Eocene age. The upper part of the 

Gredal Shale Member and the lower part of the 

Point of Rocks Sandstone Member of the Kreyenhagen Formation (Mallory, 1970. fig. 3) are late 

early Eocene and (or) early middle Eocene age, 

and the middle and upper parts of the Point of 

Rocks Sandstone Member are of early middle 

Eocene age. 

COMPARISON OF THE THREE AREAS 

New and previously published data from the Devils 

Den, Lodo Gulch, and Media Agua Creek areas make 

possible a comparison of lower Tertiary benthic foraminiferal stages of California and nannoplankton 

zones as represented along the west side of the San 

Joaquin Valley. Figure 14 illustrates those relations 

and permits the following observations to be made: 

1. The Y nezian Stage in this area has been shown to 

include the Discoaster mohleri, Discoaster nobilis, 

Discoaster multiradiatus, Discoaster diastypus 

and lowermost part of the Tribrachiatus orthostylus Zones and thus is of late Paleocene to early 

Eocene age based on the nannoplankton chronology of Bukry (1973a and b, 1975). The Bulitian, 

Penutian, and Ulatisian Stages include the 

Discoaster diastypus, Tribrachiatus orthostylus, 

Dis coaster lodoensis, and the Dis coaster sublodoensis Zones and are thus of early Eocene and early 

middle Eocene age. The top of the Ulatisian Stage 

appears to coincide with the top of the Discoaster 

sublodoensis Zone, for which Bukry estimated an 

absolute age of 48 million years. The lower 

N arizian Stage is represented by the Nannotetrina 

quadrata Zone of early middle Eocene age, for 

which Bukry estimated an absolute age at the 

zonal top of 45 million years. 

2. The time-transgressive nature of rock units is 

rather strikingly demonstrated along the west 

side of the San Joaquin Valley by the timestratigraphic relations between the Gredal Shale 

and the Point of Rocks Sandstone Members of the 

Kreyenhagen Formation at the Media Agua Creek 

and at the Devils Den aqueduct sections. Mallory 

(1970, fig. 3) divided his Point of Rocks Formation 

at Media Agua Creek into lower, middle, lower-
34 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

SELECTED NANNOFOSSILS FREQUENCY AND RANGE 

SYMBOLS 

w ? Rare, possibly reworked or z questionable occurrences u.O 

OlI (/) 

we Rare r.nz 

<{<{ CDr.n 

I PROVINCIAL SAMPLE :2r.n Cl) Rare to few SERIES CALIFORNIA ROCK UNIT 0~ .2! 

STAGE NUMBER a:U ~ .sa .E 

(/)a: 

u.O Cl) ~ ~ e ~ 

-~ ~ .!!) ~ j ~ 0 I CE:u. ~ ~ -§ 0 

~ Common to abundant 

~0 OJ 

~ ~ Ill e .!!I 

~ ::3 

.g ~ "" ::::. 0" WI- 0 ~ ~ ..Q ..Q .s 

:2z u E 0 ::3 -~ 0 Cl) 

:§ ..Q t: Cl) ~ t: ::3 0 ~ "I: :g 0.. 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ NANNOPLANKTON ZONES 

E -5 ..c § § ~ § 0 u AND SUBZONES Cl) 

~ 8 .::::: .S! u 0 t: e OF BUKRY (1973) 

~ t: ..Q ..c .sa .sa .sa .sa .!!I ~ ~ "I: u u 0 0 0 0 0 ...... 

A-7025 371 I 

Cii Chiasmolithus (l)..c A-7023 347 I Early ... ~E Nannotetrina gigas 

Narizian .._ <..> Q) til 

£~ A-7020 329 I quadrata .e 

c: '+-Q) 

0 c: 

I Discoaster .g ... 0 A-7009 196 c: ... til ----------~~~~~-- ·-(I) 

E O"C 

a..c: A-7038 159 ? 0 til 

LL en c: 

Q) A-7037 157 ? Discoaster Cl sublodoensis til A-7046 -0.3 ..c: ? Ulatisian c: 

Q) 

> Gredal A-7052 -10 Q) 

~ Shale 

Member A-7055 -15 I 

Q) A-7061 -22 c: Discoaster Q) 

<..> lodoensis 0 A-7088 -25 w Avenal 

Sandstone A-7091 -27 

Penutian ~---------------- A-7062 -30.8 ? 

A-7063 -31.4 

A-7064 -36 Tribrachiatus 

A-7070 -48 I ? orthostylus 

Bulitian 

A-7071 -51 I I ? Lode(?) 

I Formation A-7075 -70 ? 

A-7076 -72 Discoaster 

A-7078 -78 diastypus 

1--- Ynezian I I =======~~~L:::::: Paleo- A-7079 -79.5 I Discoaster nobilis cene ----------------- A-7083 -85 I Hiatus? 

Upper Ciervian Panache Cretaceo us or older Formation 

FIGURE 13.-Formations, selected nannofossil distributions, nannoplankton zonation, and benthic foraminiferal stages in 

the Media Agua Creek area. Lithostratigraphy is from Dibblee (1973a, p. 8-13). Sample numbers and nannoplankton 

frequency and range are from Sullivan (1964, 1965). Nannoplankton zonal assignments are by Poore (1976). Dashed 

lines indicate boundaries of the zone are approximately located. Benthic foraminiferal stage assignments are by 

Mallory (1959). 
LOWER TERTIARY NANNOPLANKTON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

CALIFORNIA DEVILS DEN SERIES PROVINCIAL MEDIA AGUA CREEK (AQUEDUCT SECTION) LODO GULCH AREA 

STAGE 

Not studied Coccolith us 

staurion 

f-------- --------- --------- Narizian Chiasmolithus Nannotetrina Ch!asmolith us Not studied (part) gigas quad rata gigas 

Nannotetrina 

quadrata 

Discoaster Discoaster 

strictus strict us 

Rhabdosphaera R habdosphaera 

inflata Discoaster inflata 

Discoaster Discoaster sublodoensis sublodoensis sublodoensis Discoasteroides 

Discoasteroides kuepperi kuepperi 

Hiatus 

Ulatisian 

Eocene 

Discoaster Discoaster 

lodoensis lodoensis 

Discoaster 

/odoensis 

Penutian 

f------------------f--------------------

~------------------

Tribrachiatus 

Tribrachiatus Tribrachiatus Bulitian orthostylus orthosty/us orthostylus 

Discoaster 

Discoaster diastypus diastypus Discoaster diastypus 

Discoaster 

multiradiatus 

Hiatus ~------------------

Ynezian 

Hiatus 

f------------------ Paleocene Discoaster Hiatus Discoaster 

nobilis nobilis f------------------

? Discoaster 

mohleri 

Cheney an Hiatus Hiatus 

FIGURE 14.-Correlations of provincial benthic foraminiferal stages of California to nannoplankton zones and subzones, 

Devils Den, Lodo Gulch, and Media Agua Creek areas. 

35 
36 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

upper and upper-upper members. Dibblee (1973a, 

p. 10 and 12) assigned clay shale underlying his 

Point of Rocks Sandstone at Media Agua Creek to 

the Gredal Shale Member of the Kreyenhagen. 

Nannoplankton and foraminiferal data from this 

and previous studies indicate that the Gredal and 

lower and middle parts of the Point of Rocks at 

Media Agua Creek are equivalent in a time sense 

to the entire Gredal exposed in the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area and that the unit 

referred to as the lower-upper member of the Point 

of Rocks at Media Agua Creek is equivalent to 

that part of the Point of Rocks exposed at the 

Devils Den aqueduct section. Thus the base of the 

Point of Rocks at Media Agua Creek is much older 

than the base of the Point of Rocks at the Devils 

Den aqueduct; the difference in age may be estimated at 2.5 to 3 million years by referring to the 

estimated absolute ages of the nannoplankton 

zones and subzones of Bukry (1975, table 2). At 

Poirit of Rocks, a locality within the Devils Den 

area only 2.5 km southeast of the aqueduct, the 

basal 23 m of the Point of Rocks Sandstone 

Member was assigned by Mallory (1959, p. 55 and 

57) to the Ulatisian, whereas at the aqueduct 

exposure the top of the Ulatisian is within the 

Gredal Shale Member at least 50 m below the base 

of the Point ofRecks Sandstone Member. Another 

case of a formation boundary transgressing time 

is exemplified by the difference in age of the top of 

the type Lodo Formation in the Lodo Gulch area 

compared to the top of the Lodo Formation in the 

Devils Den area and in the Lodo(?) Formation at 

Media Agua Creek. Nannoplankton and foraminiferal data indicate that the type Lodo Formation 

is equivalent in a time sense to the Lodo and 

Lodo(?) Formations, A venal Sandstone and the 

lower part of the Gredal Shale Member of the 

Kreyenhagen Formation as exposed at Devils Den 

and Media Agua Creek. Thus the top of the Lodo 

Formation at its type locality in the Lodo Gulch 

area is demonstrably younger than the top of the 

Lodo Formation at Devils Den and the Lodo(?) 

Formation at Media Agua Creek as defined by 

Dibblee (1973a). 

3. Nannoplankton data from this study and from 

Bramlette and Sullivan (1961) and Sullivan (1965) 

further suggest that the Domengine Sandstone in 

the Lodo Gulch area, the Domengine Formation 

and Canoas Siltstone Member of the Kreyenhagen 

Shale at Oil City (fig. 9), and the Canoas at Garza 

Creek are time equivalents to at least part of the 

upper 82 m of the Gredal Shale Member in the 

Devils Den aqueduct section and to at least parts 

of the lower and middle Point of Rocks Sandstone 

Member in the Media Agua Creek section. 

THE PALEOGENE OF CALIFORNIA: SUMMARY 

It is now feasible to summarize the relations of the 

lower and middle Tertiary provincial benthic foraminiferal stages of California to nannoplankton and 

planktic foraminiferal zonations that are being 

widely used today for correlation of marine sedimentary deposits throughout the world. Figure 15 illustrates those relations and is a synthesis of nannoplankton, foraminiferal, and stratigraphic data from 

this report and from the following authors: Berggren 

(1972), Blow (1969), Brabb, Bukry, and Pierce (1971), 

Bramlette and Sullivan (1961), Bukry (1973, 1975); 

Bukry, Brabb, and Vedder (1977), Cifelli (1951), Cook 

(1950), Goudkoff (1945), Hardenbol and Berggren (in 

press), Hay and others (1967), Kleinpell (1938), 

Loeblich (1958), Mallory (1959, 1970), Martin (1964), 

Martini (1971), Poore (1976), Schenck and Kleinpell 

(1936), Schmidt (1970, 1975), Smith (1974), Sullivan 

(1964, 1965), Tipton (1980), Warren (1980), and Warren 

and Newell (1976). Most of the nannoplankton data 

used for determining relations between nannoplankton zones and provincial benthic foraminiferal stages 

as shown in figure 15 were obtained from the type 

sections and type areas for these stages or from the 

type localities of the foraminiferal zones used to 

define such stages with three exceptions; no nannoplankton data have as yet been obtained· from the 

type sections or areas of the Cheney an, upper N arizian, or Zemorrian Stages. The Cruciplacolithus 

tenuis and Sphenolithus distentus Zones are shown 

on figure 15 in their normal positions within the 

zonal sequence of Bukry (1973), although I believe 

neither zone has been recognized to date in California. Figure 15 shows that on the basis of nannoplankton data the Cheney an and most of theY nezian 

are of Paleocene age, the uppermost Ynezian, 

Bulitian, Penutian, and most of the Ulatisian are of 

early Eocene age, the upper Ulatisian and most of the 

N arizian are of middle Eocene age. Most of these age 

assignments are at variance with ages (based essentially on benthic foraminifers and megafossils) 

assigned by Kleinpell (1938), Mallory (1959), and 

Goudkoff (1955). 

To be sure, additional data would be welcome 

before every detail of figure 15 is accepted as fact, 

particularly precise placement of most of the planktic 

foraminiferal zones P1 through P14. However, assuming that future data would cause no major readjustment in age at the base of the Cheney an or the top of 

the Zemorrian Stages (and there is good reason for 
ORIGINAL PROVINCIAL 

AGE/STAGE ASSIGNMENTS PALEOGENE PALEOGENE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL AGE ASSIGNMENTS USED IN THIS REPORT BASED ON OF KLEINPELL (1938), NANNOPLANKTON ZONATION MODIFIED AFTER BLOW (1969), PALEOGENE LOW-LATITUDE NANNOPLANKTON ZONATION SCHENCK AND KLEINPELL ZONATION OF BERGGREN (1972), AND HARDENBOL AND OF BUKRY (1973 AND 1975) (1936), MALLORY (1959) MARTINI (1971) BERGGREN (1982) 

AND GOUDKOFF (1945) 

SERIES OR EUROPEAN STAGE SERIES OR SERIES OR STAGE ZONE/SUBZONE ZONE BOUNDARY AGE ZONE SUBSERIES IN M.Y.B.P. SUBSERIES SUBS ERIES 

-------- 40 

Retirulofenestra Discoaster saipanensis NP17 P14 ------------ Bartonian umbilica Discoaster bifax NP16 Upper P13 

Narizian Middle ---------- 44 Coccolithus staurion Middle P12 Eocene Eocene Nannotetrina Chiasmolithus gigas NP15 Eocene 

quadrata P11 Discoaster strictus lutetian 

Rhabdosphaem inf/ata Discooster NP14 P10 

sublodoensis Discoasteroides kuepperi Middle 49 Ulatisian 

P9 Eocene 

~ 

~oaster lodoensis NP13 

~ lower P8 

~ ~ ----------- Eocene Lower 

Eocene Ypresian 

au\itian T ribrachiatus orthostylus NP12 

P7 

----- Discoaster Discoaster binodosus NP11 ----------- diastypus I Tribmchiatus contortus NP10 P6 1------------ 53.5 

Discoaster multimdiatus NP9 

P5 

Paleocene Ynezian Discoaster nobilis 

NP8 Upper Thanetian 

Discoaster mohleri 1-------------- Paleocene P4 

NP7 Paleocene 

Heliolithus kleinpellii NP6 

Fasdculithus tympaniformis NP5 

NP4 P3 

1--------- 60 

Cruciplacolithus tenuis NP3 P2 

Cheneyan Lower Danian NP2 Paleocene 

P1 

NP1 

Upper Upper Ciervian ----------- 65 Cretaceous Cretaceous Upper - Maestrichtian - Cretaceous ----

FIGURE 15.-Correlations of Paleogene provincial benthic foraminiferal stages of California to calcareous microplankton 

zonations. 

t"" 

0 

~ 

tr::l 

::0 

~ 

tr::l 

~ 

> ::0 

><:: 

z 

> z 

z 

0 

~ 

~ z 

~ 

~ 

0 

z 

o:l 

0 

r::n 

~ 

::0 

~ 

0 

~ ~ 

::I: 

><:: 

Cl:l 

-l 
38 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

making that assumption), then the Paleogene of 

California should be recognized as including all of 

those provincial stages from the base of the Cheneyan to the top of the Zemorrian which have been 

shown by nannoplankton chronology to range in age 

from Paleocene to Oligocene. 

CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE 

PALEOGENE OF THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA 

By BILAL U. HAQ1 

Eighteen samples of calcareous nannofossils (centrifugally concentrated) were examined in detail from 

the sections of the Locatelli Formation in the Smith 

Grade area, the Butano Sandstone in the Lompico 

area, the Butano Sandstone and Two bar Shale Member of the San Lorenzo Formation in the Bear Creek 

area, and the Twobar Shale Member along the San 

Lorenzo River. The preservation of the nannofossils 

is generally very poor, speciments are rare and zone 

diagnostic species are lacking. Age assignments are, 

consequently, difficult and time-consuming and have 

to be based on the overall composition of the 

•Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 

assemblages. Zonal assignments are thus approximate, based mainly on the current ranges of taxa 

(after Bukry, 1971 and Martini, 1971). 

In the Smith Grade area, collection 76CB1511A 

from the Locatelli Formation has only a few fragments of late Paleocene discoasters, but collection 

JC60-120d (table 4) from 4.5 km to the east has an 

assemblage that can be correlated with the Fasciculithus tympaniformis (NP5) Zone of late Paleocene 

age. In the Lompico area, collections JC60-37d, 

76CB1521, JC60-51 and JC62-24b indicate that the 

lower part of the Butano Sandstone is of early Eocene 

(NP12 and NP13 Zones) and middle Eocene (NP15 

and NP16 Zones) age. Collection 76CB1573 and 

TABLE 4.-Nannoplankton from the Paleogene of the Santa Cruz Mountains 

[JC samples collected by J. C. Clark, CB samples collected by E. E. Brabb. n.d., not determinable] 

Nannoplankton 

Chiasmolithus californicus ... C. consuetus ................ . C. expansus C. gigas ..................... . Coccolithus bisectus ............ . C. eopelagicus ....................... . 

r :,·,:: .. ··.... ·························· ( ':. 1 ° 1 •1 I,,' 0 I I ·: I ~ I 

1 

I 1 : •: I II.~' •••••• •••• •••• • •••••••• 

( ••• ,. " ••• :· ••.. •.••• •••••. 1 .•..••••...•..••.••••••• 

C. inversus ..................................................... . Cyclolithella inflexa ................................... . Dictyococcites hesslandii ........................... . Discoaster barbadiensis. D. binodosus ................................................. . D. delicatus ... . D. distinctus ...... . D. lodoensis .... ............ . ................................ . D. mirus ................... . D. saipanensis ... . Ericsonia subpertusa ......................... . Fasciculithus tympani{ormis ................... . Helicosphaera seminulum ........ . Heliorthus concinnus ........................... . lmpiaster obscurus ? ................................... . Lithostromation perdurum ....................... . Nannotetrina aff. N. cristata ................... . Pemma angulatum ..................................... . Pontosphera multipora ............................. . P.plana ........................................................... . Reticulofenestra dictyoda ......................... . R. umbilica ..................................................... . Rhabdosphera sp. .. ..................................... . Sphenolithus mori{ormis .......................... .. S. orphanknolli ............................................ .. S. predistentus ............................................ .. S. aff. S. radians ........................................... . Thoracosphaera saxea .............................. .. T. spp ................................................. .. 7.\i(·~d:"~r:.,:: ,;oil{":ridro; 

z.,,;rl•t:•,.·.'""·~ "· :.~· .. : .. (" L.Ohe !tBBignment 

1 Locatelli Formation. 2Butano Sandstone. 

'JC60- 2JC60- 276CB 

120d 37d 1521 

·········x········ 

······-x······ X X 

....... X ...... ······-x···· 

.. x ........... x .. X ...................... . 

.. .... .,( ..... 

.. ....... j("""'" ... 

X 

NP5 NP12- NP14-

13 15 

3Twobar Shale Member of San Lorenzo Formation. 

2JC60- 2

JC62-

51 24b 

X 

X 

·······x X 

X 

X 

·····-x··· 

X 

.. .... "X ... 

X 

....... x ...... ...... "X ...... 

NP14? NP15-

15? 16 

276CB 276CB 268CB :'68CB 368CB 368CB 3 76CB 376CB 

1574 1573 202 204 205 206 1571 1451A 

X 

X 

X ....... X .... X 

X X X 

...... "X ...... 

.. ..... x ...... 

n.d. 

....... x ... 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

....... x 

X 

X 

X 

....... x ...... 

X 

.. ..... x ...... .. .... "X ...... .. .... i ..... 

X ....... x ...... 

X 

NP16- NP16-

17 17 

X 

X 

....... x ....... 

n.d. 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

...... i ....... 

. ...... x .... .. .. ..... x .... .. 

.. ..... x ...... 

NP19-

20 

.. ..... x ............. x ...... . ...... "X ...... 

.. ..... j("'" ....... X ............. X....... X 

.. ..... x ....... 

n.d. n.d. 

.. ..... x ....... 

X 

X 

? 

....... x ...... 

...... "X .... .. 

.. ..... x .... .. 

....... x ...... 

X 

NP15 
DEFINITION OF THE LODO FORMATION 39 

68CB202 from the Bear Creek area shows that the 

upper part of the Butano Sandstone is of middle 

Eocene (NP16 and NP17 Zones) age. 

Collection 76CB1451A from the Twobar Shale 

Member of the San Lorenzo Formation along the San 

Lorenzo River indicates that the lower part of this 

member is of middle Eocene (NP15 Zone) age. This 

collection also contains Neochiastozygus dubius fragments that may be reworked from older strata. 

The middle part of the Twobar Shale Member, 

represented by collection 68CB205 from the Bear 

Creek area, is of late Eocene (NP19 and NP20 Zones) 

age. Thus the boundary between the middle and late 

Eocene is probably within the Two bar Shale Member. 

DEFINITION OF THE . LODO FORMATION 

By EARL E. BRABB 

ABSTRACT 

The section along Lodo Gulch, described in general terms by 

White (1940) and Martin (1943, section I-S), is the type section of 

the Lodo Formation. Sections along the first gulch south, of Lodo 

Gulch (section A of Israelsky, 1951 and the so-called Lodo Gulch 

section ofSchoellhamer and Kinney, 1953), along the second gulch 

south of Lodo Gulch (section I-X of Martin, 1943 and section B of 

Israelsky, 1951), and about 700 m north ofLodo Gulch (section C of 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton, 1977) are reference sections. 

DISCUSSION 

The name Lodo, Spanish for mud, was proposed in 

an abstract by R. T. White (1938) for a small gulch in 

the Tumey Hills, about 75 km west of Fresno, Calif. 

(figs. 1 and 16, this report); the exact location ofLodo 

Gulch is shown on maps by Martin (1943, fig. 1) and 

Israelsky (1951, fig. 2). In this same abstract, White 

also proposed the name Lodo Formation for 350 m of 

predominantly claystone that rests, according to 

White, disconformably on the Moreno Shale and is 

overlain conformably by the Domengine Sandstone. 

Two years later, White (1940, fig. 1), in an expanded 

report, showed a generalized stratigraphic column 

for the Lodo Formation in Lodo Gulch. He used the 

term "type locality" for this section in both his 1938 

abstract and his report, and it is clear from his 

descriptions that he intended this section to be the 

type section for the formation. This definition is 

accepted here as the type section of the Lodo (section 

TS, fig. 16, this report). Martin (1943), in a report that 

described foraminifers from samples collected by 

White, provided a figure entitled, "Sketch map of the . 

Lodo Formation in the type area." Taken literally, 

the map indicates that the type area includes all of 

the Lodo Formation in sees. 20, 28, and 29, T. 15 S., 

R. 12 E. This definition of the type area is accepted 

here (see fig. 16, this report). 

Some confusion has been introduced by authors 

who measured sections in the type area of the Lodo 

Formation but not in the type section along Lodo 

Gulch. According to the International Stratigraphic 

Guide (Hedberg, 1976, p. 26) and the Code of Stratig-

. raphic Nomenclature (American Commission on 

Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1961, p. 654), sections 

subsidiary to the type section (holostratotype) are reference sections. Martin (1943, fig. 1), for example, 

showed two sections (I-S and I-X) as a composite type 

section of the Lodo. This definition is not accepted 

here. Martin's section I-S is in Lodo Gulch and is the 

type section (TS, fig. 16, this report), but section 1-X 

(section B, fig. 16, this report) is in the second gulch 

south of Lodo Gulch and is therefore here designated 

a reference section. 

The label "Lodo Gulch section" on the map by 

Schoellhamer and Kinney (1953) is misleading. This 

section (section A, fig. 16, this report) is not in Lodo 

Gulch, but is in the first gulch south of Lodo Gulch. 

The label on Schoellhamer and Kinney's map led me 

to conclude wrongly that Israelsky's (1951) section A 

(section A, fig. 16, this report) is along Lodo Gulch. 

Thus, section A on the stratigraphic column of 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, fig. 42) is a 

composite of samples collected by me along Lodo 

Gulch, the type section, and samples described by 

Israelsky from section A, the first gulch south of 

Lodo Gulch. Section A of Israelsky is in the type area 

but is not the type section. The "Lodo Gulch section" 

of Schoellhamer and Kinney (1953) and section A of 

Israelsky (1951) are the same as section A of this 

report (fig. 16), which is here designated the principal 

reference section. 

Section B oflsraelsky (1951), which gives supplementary information on the lower part of the Lodo, is the 

same as White's (1943) section 1-X and section B of 

this report; it is a reference section. Section C of 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, p. 105-109) 

also gives supplementary information on the lower 

part of the formation; it is the same as section C of 
DEFINITION OF THE LODO FORMATION 39 

68CB202 from the Bear Creek area shows that the 

upper part of the Butano Sandstone is of middle 

Eocene (NP16 and NP17 Zones) age. 

Collection 76CB1451A from the Twobar Shale 

Member of the San Lorenzo Formation along the San 

Lorenzo River indicates that the lower part of this 

member is of middle Eocene (NP15 Zone) age. This 

collection also contains Neochiastozygus dubius fragments that may be reworked from older strata. 

The middle part of the Twobar Shale Member, 

represented by collection 68CB205 from the Bear 

Creek area, is of late Eocene (NP19 and NP20 Zones) 

age. Thus the boundary between the middle and late 

Eocene is probably within the Two bar Shale Member. 

DEFINITION OF THE LODO FORMATION 

By EARL E. BRABB 

ABSTRACT 

The section along Lodo Gulch, described in general terms by 

White (1940) and Martin (1943, section I-S), is the type section of 

the Lodo Formation. Sections along the first gulch sout~ of Lodo 

Gulch (section A of Israelsky, 1951 and the so-called Lodo Gulch 

section of Schoellhamer and Kinney, 1953), along the second gulch 

south of Lodo Gulch (section I-X of Martin, 1943 and section B of 

Israelsky, 1951), and about 700 m north ofLodo Gulch (section C of 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton, 1977) are reference sections. 

DISCUSSION 

The name Lodo, Spanish for mud, was proposed in 

an abstract by R. T. White (1938) for a small gulch in 

the Tumey Hills, about 75 km west of Fresno, Calif. 

(figs. 1 and 16, this report); the exact location ofLodo 

Gulch is shown on maps by Martin (1943, fig. 1) and 

Israelsky (1951, fig. 2). In this same abstract, White 

also proposed the name Lodo Formation for 350 m of 

predominantly claystone that rests, according to 

White, disconformably on the Moreno Shale and is 

overlain conformably by the Domengine Sandstone. 

Two years later, White (1940, fig. 1), in an expanded 

report, showed a generalized stratigraphic column 

for the Lodo Formation in Lodo Gulch. He used the 

term "type locality" for this section in both his 1938 

abstract and his report, and it is clear from his 

descriptions that he intended this section to be the 

type section for the formation. This definition is 

accepted here as the type section of the Lodo (section 

TS, fig. 16, this report). Martin (1943), in a report that 

described foraminifers from samples collected by 

White, provided a figure entitled, "Sketch map of the 

Lodo Formation in the type area." Taken literally, 

the map indicates that the type area includes all of 

the Lodo Formation in sees. 20, 28, and 29, T. 15 S., 

R. 12 E. This definition of the type area is accepted 

here (see fig. 16, this report). 

Some confusion has been introduced by authors 

who measured sections in the type area of the Lodo 

Formation but not in the type section along Lodo 

Gulch. According to the International Stratigraphic 

Guide (Hedberg, 1976, p. 26) and the Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature (American Commission on 

Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1961, p. 654), sections 

subsidiary to the type section (holostratotype) are reference sections. Martin (1943, fig. 1), for example, 

showed two sections (I-S and I-X) as a composite type 

section of the Lodo. This definition is not accepted 

here. Martin's section I-S is in Lodo Gulch and is the 

type section (TS, fig. 16, this report), but section I-X 

(section B, fig. 16, this report) is in the second gulch 

south of Lodo Gulch and is therefore here designated 

a reference section. 

The label "Lodo Gulch section" on the map by 

Schoellhamer and Kinney (1953) is misleading. This 

section (section A, fig. 16, this report) is not in Lodo 

Gulch, but is in the first gulch south of Lodo Gulch. 

The label on Schoellhamer and Kinney's map led me 

to conclude wrongly that Israelsky's (1951) section A 

(section A, fig. 16, this report) is along Lodo Gulch. 

Thus, section A on the stratigraphic column of 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, fig. 42) is a 

composite of samples collected by me along Lodo 

Gulch, the type section, and samples described by 

Israelsky from section A, the first gulch south of 

Lodo Gulch. Section A of Israelsky is in the type area 

but is not the type section. The "Lodo Gulch section" 

of Schoellhamer and Kinney (1953) and section A of 

Israelsky (1951) are the same as section A of this 

report (fig. 16), which is here designated the principal 

reference section. 

Section B ofisraelsky (1951), which gives supplementary information on the lower part of the Lodo, is the 

same as White's (1943) section I-X and section B of 

this report; it is a reference section. Section C of 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, p. 105-109) 

also gives supplementary information on the lower 

part of the formation; it is the same as section C of 
STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 41 

LARGE FORAMINIFERS OF EOCENE AGE 

FROM THE COAST RANGES OF CALIFORNIA 

By ALPHONSE BLONDEAU and EARL E. BRABB 

ABSTRACT 

Large foraminifers from an unnamed limestone of Eocene age 

and from reworked boulders within the unconformably overlying 

Temblor Formation of Miocene age in the vicinity of San Jose, 

from the Domengine Formation of early and middle Eocene age 

near Mount'Diablo, and from the Avenal Sandstone of early and 

middle Eocene age in the Devils Den area, all in California include 

Nummulites willcoxi (Heilprin), N. striatoreticulatus (L. Rutten), 

Eoconuloides lopeztrigoi (Palmer), Amphistegina parvula (Cushman), Discocyclina (Discocyclina) marginata (Cushman), Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) clarki (Cushman), P. (P.) teres (Cole 

and Gravell), Asterocyclina aster (Woodring), and Eofabiana 

grahami (Kupper). These species, which collectively have been 

reported previously from other areas in California, from Oregon 

and Washington, and from the Gulf Coast and Caribbean region, 

indicate a middle Eocene age. 

INTRODUCTION 

Many reports have been published on large foraminifers of Eocene age from the Pacific Coast region, but 

almost all of these date from the 1920's and 1930's. 

(See for example the reports by Palmer, 1929, Nelson 

and Schenck, 1930, Woodring, 1930, Keenan, 1932, 

and Schenck, 1933). The timing of these reports is 

significant because the California Eocene zonations 

based on benthic foraminifers were not published 

until the 1940's (Laiming, 1943) and 1950's (Mallory, 

1959), and the application of zonations based on 

planktic foraminifers have only been made in the last 

few years. Thus, the stratigraphic relation between 

the large foraminifers from the Pacific Coast and 

those used for interregional and intercontinental correlation is not well established. Moreover, knowledge 

about the evolution and distribution of large foraminifers has increased so much in the past 30 years that 

the time is opportune for a new look at the Pacific 

Coast assemblages. 

The fossils described in this study were all collected 

east of the San Andreas fault from the Mount Diablo 

to the Devils Den areas (fig. 1). In the conceptual 

scheme of Nilsen and Clarke (1975), the large foraminifers were deposited on the ocean floor in a linear 

basin along the margins of the continent. The sandstone and shale that make up most of the Eocene 

sequence were derived from the Sierra Nevada region 

and narrow islands within the linear basin. The 

sands were probably displaced downslope from upper 

neritic depths to a bathyal environment, carrying the 

larger foraminifers with them. 

The specimens were nearly all cemented together 

by calcite, so that it was necessary to study them in 

thin sections that could not always be oriented in the 

most desirable direction. The study was further complicated by the great variety and plasticity of forms 

that create nomenclatural, classification, and correlation problems to an extent generally unknown in 

Europe. 

Acknowledgments.-We are grateful to Erik Osbun, 

who provided several collections of large foraminifers 

from the Sveadal area. A. D. Warren kindly pointed 

out the occurrence of large foraminifers in the aqueduct section near Devils Den and provided several 

unattached specimens for study. J. Butter lin provided 

much useful information on the stratigraphic occurrence of similar large foraminifers in the Caribbean 

region. K. N. Sachs and Rene Herb reviewed the 

manuscript and provided many helpful suggestions. 

STRATIGRAPHY 

DEVILS DEN AREA 

The Devils Den area has a nearly complete section 

of Paleogene rocks that is easily accessible, moderately well exposed, and not too complicated structurally. 

Unfortunately, calcareous microfossils have been 

leached out of most exposures. In the late 1960's, 

however, the Barrenda Mesa Water District made a 

cut for a canal that exposed rocks containing wellpreserved calcareous microfossils. The nannoplankton are described by Warren (this volume) and the 

smaller foraminifers by Berggren and Aubert (this 

volume). We report on a single bed containing large 

foraminifers. The rock unit nomenclature is from 

Dibblee (1973a, fig. 6) and the biostratigraphy is from 

Warren (this volume). 

The large foraminifers, collections 76CB1633, 1634, 

and 1641 (table 5) are from the Avenal Sandstone. 

The A venal Sandstone contains, in addition to the 

large foraminifers, abundant worm tubes called 

"Spiroglyphus" (Rotularia) in several reports. The 

geographic and geologic position of the sandstone 

and the fossils collected from it are provided by 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, p. 94-103). 
42 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

MOUNT DIABLO AREA 

Large foraminifers were collected from one locality 

(EB611) on the south flank of Mount Diablo (fig. 17) 

about 0.65 km north-northwest of the Mount Diablo 

State Park headquarters. This locality is also shown 

on a map by Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, 

fig. 33) and on another map by Watson (1941, pl. 4, 

locality LSJU 986). The fossils occur about 70 m 

above the base of the Domengine Formation, as 

mapped by Brabb, Sonneman, and Switzer (1971), in 

a part of the formation that is predominantly siltstone and claystone. The bed with the fossils is a 

calcareous sandstone a few centimeters thick. 

The fossils from EB611 are listed on table 5. The 

fauna includes Asterocyclina aster, which is present 

in all the other samples collected and which is widely 

distributed at other localities on the Pacific Coast (see 

the description of the species). 

The age of the beds from which the large foraminifers were collected is not well established. Berry 

(1964) considered the Domengine Formation in the 

Mount Diablo area to be of middle Eocene age and 

correlative with the Ulatisian and part of the N arizian Stages of Mallory (1959), but the faunas he used 

to date the rocks were collected several kilometers 

northeast of EB611. 

Collection EB611 is stratigraphically below I. P. 

Colburn's samples IPC-524, IPC-642, and IPC-644, 

which A. A. Almgren (in Colburn, 1961, p. 186, 203, 

204) considered correlative with the B-1 zone of 

Laiming (1943), and is close stratigraphically to 

IPC-648, which Almgren correlated with Laiming's 

B-3 and B-4 zones. Mallory (1959, p. 18) generally 

correlated the B zones of Laiming with his Ulatisian 

Stage. In turn, he correlated the Ulatisian Stage with 

the Gulf Coast Claiborne Group of middle Eocene 

age. Thus, collection EB611 would probably be considered middle Eocene age by traditional American 

usage. 

SAN JOS~ AREA 

Large foraminifers from the San Jose area were 

first described and illustrated by Schenck (1929, p. 

224-227). Bailey and Everhart (1964) described the 

geology of the area. Locality 71 CB983 (see figs. 18 

and 19), now covered by a newly constructed house, is 

about one-half kilometer northwest of LSJU 309, 

from which the holotype of Discocyclina californica 

was obtained. Within a few centimeters of71CB983C, 

which contains the large foraminifers listed on table 

5, another sample (71CB983A) was collected that 

contains the following smaller foraminifers, according toW. A. Berggren (written commun., 1977): 

Acarinina coalingensis (Cushman and Hanna) 

Subbotina patagonica (Todd and Kniker) 

Acarinina acarinata Subbotina 

A. soldadoensis (Bronnimann) 

Morozovella subbotinae (Morozova) 

M. gracillis (Bolli) 

M. formosa (Bolli) 

Several species of agglutinated foraminifers 

Berggren believes that this assemblage is correlative 

with the Morozovella formosa Zone (P7), early 

Eocene. 

Locality 71CB971B is in an abandoned limestone 

quarry that was still accessible iiY1971 when it was 

last visited. 

TABLE 5.-Large foraminifers from the California Coast Ranges 

Locality ----------------------------------------------------------- San Jose Mount_!)iablo Svea_da_l __ 

Collection______ 71CB- 71CB- EB633 EB611 OSBUN OSBUN 

983C 971B 1- 1 49- 6 ---------------------------------------

Age ------------------------------------------------------------------- Late 

middle 

Eocene 

Nummulites willcoxi X 

N. striatoreticulatus ___ X 

N. sp. ---------------------- ------------- Eoconuloides lopeztrigoi _______ _ 

Amphistegina paruula ------------------ ------------------------ .. Eoconuloides wellsi ----------------------------------------- Amphistegina sp. _____ ------------------------------------- X 

Discocyclina (Discocyclina) marginata X 

D. sp. ____________ . --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) 

{lintensis ----------------------------------------------- _______ X 

P. clarki ------------------------------------------------------------------·------------- X 

P. teres ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------- ____ _ Asterocyclina aster _ ------------------------------------------------- X 

Eo{abiania grahami ------------------------------------·------------- X 

Early 

and 

middle 

Eocene 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Late Middle 

middle Eocene 

Eocene 

and 

early 

late 

Eocene 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

............ 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Early 

and 

middle 

Eocene 

...... 

X 

X 

X 

Early 

and 

middle 

Eocene 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Devils Den 

76CB- 76CB- 76CB1633 1634 1641 

Early Early Early 

Eocene Eocene Eocene 

to early to early to early middle middle middle 

Eocene Eocene Eocene 

X X 

X 

X X X 

X X 

X X X 

···················· .... 
ll'( ( 

se1rno .~ r R f Je 

Kentf1el 

,_} f..Ut~lt n 

rte Madt>ra .\ X 

t M11 

Valley \ 

ta 

• . SAN FRANCISCO 

• 

• 

• 

F- • o< . 

• 

• 

... 

~ 

<.fl • 

~-0 . 

· 0 ' ~. 

0 ' 

\ 

,; \ 

. 

• • 

LARGE FORAMINIFERS OF EOCENE AGE 

~· <:., t e l 

s A N T A 

• .. (l 

• ~ 

• 

I 

<r 

-- --+----.:L--- ~~Iar Mtn' +m• 

.; 

/ ~ 0 711CB97\ EB633 

IJ 1CBSS3 71CB973A 

'-It ll•m on . " 0 ~ ar ~ 

OSBUN 1-43, 1-49 0 

0 OSBUN 1- 1 --

R 

43 

\ I 

37.00 ' L---------------~--------------~---- • ----~--------~~------~--------~--~--~------------ •Ir ~ 

EXPLANATION 

-----·· Fault 

Dashed where approximately located; 

dotted where concealed 

0 71CB983 

Sample locality 

and number 10 

20 

20 MILES 

FIGURE 17.-Localities where large foraminifers were collected in the San Francisco Bay region. 

40 KILOMETERS 
44 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

S\'EADAL AREA 

In the Sveadal area near Lorna Prieta (figs. 17 and 

19), Osbun (1975) discovered large foraminifers (table 

5, collections 49- 6 and 1-1) in limestone boulders in a 

basal conglomerate of the Temblor Formation of 

Miocene age. These boulders were presumably derived from the erosion of the limestone in the vicinity 

of localities 71CB983 and 71CB971 near San Jose 

(fig. 18). 

AGE 

The large foraminifers from the Devils Den area 

121"47'30" 

are in rocks correlated by Warren (this volume) on the 

basis of calcareous nannoplankton with the Penutian 

Stage of Mallory (1959) and the Discoaster lodoensis 

Zone of Bukry (1973). Both these correlations suggest 

an early Eocene age (Brabb and others, 1977, fig. 2). 

These correlations are supported by the occurrence of 

planktic foraminifers of Zone P7 (lower Eocene) stratigraphically close to the beds with large foraminifers 

in the San Jose area. On the other hand, the large 

foraminifers (table 5) have age ranges that are much 

more suggestive of the middle Eocene. Of course, the 

large foraminifers could be early Eocene in some 

areas and middle Eocene in others, but we are inEXPLANATION 

G 

Monterey Formation 

(Miocene) 

. 

. 

Temblor Formation 

Tt, sandstone 

Ttv, volcanic rocks 

(Miocene) 

Sedimentary 

~ rocks 

Ts, shale and sandstone 

Tsl, limestone 

(Eocene) 

G 

Serpentinite and sedimentary 

rocks 

(Mesozoic) 

Contact 

u --D--

Fault 

Dashed where approximately 

located; U, upthrown side; 

D, downthrown side 

0 

Sample locality 

0 .5 1 KILOMETER 

0 1 MILE 

FIGURE 18.-Geologic map of the southern San Jose area showing localities where large foraminifers were collected. Bases 

from Los Gatos and Santa Teresa Hills 7.5-minute quadrangles. Geology generalized from Bailey and Everhart (1964). 
LARGE FORAMINIFERS OF EOCENE AGE 45 

dined to view these assemblages as closely related 

and probably the same age, middle Eocene. 

~ 

UJ 

1--

(./) 

>-

(./) 

>- a: 

~ 

1--

a: 

UJ 

I-

(./) 

!::!::! 

a: 

UJ 

(./) 

EXPLANATION 

37"06'15" G 

.5 1 KILOMETER 

v. 

z 

0 

f= 

<C 

~ 

a: 

0 

u. 

V2 MILE 

>-

<.9 

0 

.....J 

0 

I 

1--

::::i 

>C - --.=...._ 

Q r Q) .... .... (tl 

c E 0 .... 

;- . . ~ I-- - -

(./) 

(./) 

UJ 

z 

~ 

u 

:X: 

I118m 

600 m 

Monterey a> >- c ~ 

Formation a> <C 

g f= 

0 ~ ~ 

IJ.l 

(-

Temblor 

Formation 

~ }~a uw -U 

Serpentinite and (/)<( 

(/)(-

sedimentary rocks <Cw 

~~ 

Contact 

Fault 

Dashed where 

approximately located 

0 

Sample locality 

(./) 

~ 

a: 

<C 

~ 

UJ 

a: 

Sandstone 

shale and 

conglomerate 

Osburn 

collections 

49-6, 1-1, 49-3 

with large 

foraminifers 

Unconformity 

Serpentinite 

and 

sedimentary 

rocks 

;::,u 

"J 

FIGURE 19.-Geologic map and stratigraphic column for Sveadal 

area. Geology from Osbun (1975). 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Nummulil('S willcoxi Heilprin, 1882 

Plate 6, figures 6, 7, 10 

Operculinoides willcoxi (Heilprin). Cole, 1958, pl. 33, 

figs. 3-12. 

Camerina willcoxi (Heilprin). Cole and Applin, 1964, 

pl. 4, figs. 9, 14-16. 

Nummulites willcoxi Heilprin. Butterlin, 1966, pl. 

XIV, figs. 1-10. 

Nummulites willcoxi Heilprin. Butterlin, 1971, pl. VI, 

figs. 1-8. 

Description. Small lenticular species, diameter to 

thickness 3.6:0.6 mm; globular in juvenile stage with 

diameter to thickness 1.6:0.65 mm; tends to become 

flat by growth from the foot of the spire; more loosely 

coiled spire in outer parts of the test; thin septa 

curved at top; diameter of the protoconch approximately 100 J.lm. 

Young specimens cannot be distinguished from N. 

trinitatensis (Nuttall). Older specimens have a somewhat flattened marginal area in contrast to the 

rounded marginal area of N. trinitatensis. 

Distribution. California, locality 71CB983C and 

EB633 near San Jose; Florida, Mexico, Caribbean, 

Panama, and Columbia. 

Range. Top of middle Eocene to base of upper 

Eocene. 

Nummulites strialoreticulatus L. Ruu cn. I ~J~H 

Plate 6, figure 9 

Camerina striatoreticulata (L. Rutten). Cole, 1958, pl. 

32, Figs. 1-16 

Nummulites striatoreticulata L. Rutten. Butterlin, 

1966, fig. 5. 

Description. Globular species from 1 to 3 mm in 

diameter, sinuous septal filament, more or less granulated, thick spiral laminae loosely coiled. Septa 

straight and inclined in lower part, curved in upper 

part. Small protoconch of megalospheric form. 

Distribution. California, locality 71CB983C near 

San Jose; Cuba, Haiti, Mexico, Jamaica, Costa Rica, 

and Colombia. 

Range. Top of middle Eocene to basal upper Eocene. 

Nummulites sp. 

Description. Small, lenticular, globular forms 1 mm 

in diameter. Lack the granular form of N. striatoreticulatus. More globular than N. willcoxi. Unfortunately, they are only observable in thin sections. 

Distribution. California, locality 71CB971B near 

San Jose. 
46 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE 

Genus Eoconuloides Cole and Bermudez, 19+1 

Eoconuloides lopez.trigoi (D. K. Palmer, 193-1) 

Plate 6, figures 3, 13 

Amphistegina lopeztrigoi D. K. Palmer, 1934, pl. 5, 

fig. 6-8. 

Amphistegina lopf!ztrigoi D. K. Palmer. Barker and 

Grimsdale, 1936, pl. 30, fig. 2; pl. 32, fig. 1-3; pl. 34, 

fig. 1; pl. 38, fig. 3. 

Amphistegina lopeztrigoi D. K. Palmer. Levin, 1957, 

pl. 4, fig. 8-9, 13-14. 

Amphistegina lopeztrigoi D. K. Palmer. Butterlin, 

1966, pl. XIV, fig. 14. 

Amphistegina lopeztrigoi D. K. Palmer. Butterlin, 

1968, pl. III, fig. 8. 

Description. Small thin spiral lamina, slightly trochoidal, showing pillars in relief, generally well 

marked. 

Distribution. California, localities EB633 and 

71CB971B near San Jose; Caribbean, Columbia, Venezuela. 

Range. From the base to the summit of the middle 

Eocene and basal upper Eocene. 

Remarks. Butterlin (1970) showed that Eoconuloides parvulus evqlved into Eoconuloides lopeztrigoi 

and Eoconuloides wellsi. 

Eoconuloides wellsi Cole and Bermudez, 19-t.t 

Plate 6, ·figure: 4 

Description. Test conical with flat base, apex 

bluntly rounded; peripheral angle subacute; surface 

smooth. Specimen: height, 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm; diameter of base: 0.96 mm to 1.20 mm. On slightly oblique 

horizontal sections, the final chambers are subdivided 

into chamberlets in the peripheral section; axial sections show the trochoid character of test; the spiral 

wall has differences in thickness, the thicker walls 

having irregularly developed pillars; the thin 

peripheral walls appear to lack pillars. 

Range. Lower Eocene to middle Eocene. 

Amphistegina parvula (Cushman, 1919) 

Plate 6, figure 1, 2, 14 

Nummulites parvula Cushman, 1919, pl. 4, fig. 3-6. 

Amphistegina parvula (Cushman). Cole, 1958, pl. 25, 

fig. 17-19. 

Amphistegina cf. parvula (Cushman). Butter lin, 1968, 

pl. II, fig. 8. 

Amphistegina parvula (Cushman). Butterlin, 1970, 

pl. 3, fig. 5-6. 

Description. Amphistegina with slightly asymmetrical axial cut. Has very thick walls and very. corroded 

and barely visible pillars. Septa inclined and curved. In 

a good equatorial cut, could be confused with a very 

small nummulite. An axial cut shows the distinction. 

Distribution. California, localities EB633 and 

76CB971B near San Jose and Osbun 49-6 near 

Sveadal; Caribbean region (abundant). 

Range. Lower Eocene to lower part of upper Eocene. 

Remarks. All collections observed-are rich in Amphistegines. New species are probably present. Uncemented material and separate specimens are necessary for a detailed study. 

Family DISCOCYCLINIDAE 

The classification of Discocyclinidae is a complex 

problem for American species. The classifications are 

numerous and varied: Vaughan and Cole (1941), 

Bronnimann (1945), Cole (1948), and Caudri (1972). 

We accept Cole's classification for our work. 

Discocyclina (Discocyclina) marginata (Cushman, 1919) 

Orthophragmina marginata Cushman, 1919, pl. 1, 

fig. 2: pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Orthophragmina marginata Cushman, 1920, pl. IX, 

fig. 1-2. 

Discocyclina (Discocyclina) marginata (Cushman). 

Cole and Gravell, 1952, pl. 93, fig. 1-9; pl. 94, fig. 

1-8; pl. 95, fig. 7-8. 

Discocyclina (Discocyclina) marginata (Cushman). 

Cole and Applin, 1964, pl. 10, fig. 1-8. 

Description. Lenticular species, inflated, diameter 

10-14 mm, equatorial chambers higher than wide 

(h/w = 1.5) and very small. Thirty to forty rows of 

lateral chambers are very compressed and poorly visible. 

Distribution. California, localities 71CB983C, 

71CB978B, and EB633 near San Jose; Caribbean 

region (Cuba, St. Bartholomew), Florida, Georgia. 

Range. Middle Eocene.· 

Remarks. Previously described in California as D. 

cali{ornica (Schenck, 1929, pl. 28, fig. 5; pl. 29, fig. 1-3; 

pl. 30, fig. 2-3), according to Cole and Applin (1964). 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis (Cushman) 

Plate 6, figure 12 
LARGE FORAMINIFERS OF EOCENE AGE 47 

Orthophragmina flintensis Cushman, 1917, pl. 40, 

fig. 1-2. 

Orthophragmina flintensis Cushman, 1919, pl. IX, 

fig. 3-6. 

Proporocyclina flintensis (Cushman). Cole, 1958, pl. 

50, 51, 52, figs. 1-2. 

Pseudophragmina (Pseudophragmina) {lintensiB (Cushman). 

Butterlin, 1971, pl. IV, fig. 8. 

Proporocyclina flintensis (Cushman). Caudri, 1972, 

pl. 1, fig. 4. 

Description. Test diameter 5 mm, circular, compressed and ornate with granules. Narrow equatorial 

chambers, radially lengthened to the periphery. Complete radial septa, almost rectilinear. Small and narrow lateral chambers. 

Distribution. California, localities 71CB983C, 

71CB978B, and EB633 near San Jose, EB611 near 

Mount Diablo (see also Cole, 1958) and Orocopia 

Mountains (Cole, 1958); Caribbean (with Lepidocyclina antillea), Nicaragua, Georgia, Texas, Florida, 

Panama. 

Range. Top of middle Eocene to upper Eocene. 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) clarki (Cushman) 

Plate 6, figure 17 

Orthophragmina clarki Cushman, 1920, pl. VII, fig. 

4-5. 

Discocyclina clarki (Cushman). Schenck, 1929, pl. 27, 

fig. 1, 2, 5, and text fig. 7. 

Discocyclina clarki (Cushman). Keenan, 1932, pl. 4, 

fig. 1-2. 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) clarki (Cushman). 

Cole, 1958, pl. 52, fig. 3-11. 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) clarki (Cushman). 

Cole and Applin, 1964, pl. 9, fig. 1-4. 

Description. Circular flat test, 3-6 mm in diameter 

(larger than that of Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis), with pillars and central granules. 

Large embryonic apparatus. In equatorial section, the 

length and width of the embryonic apparatus are 0.2 

mm. In axial section, the length is 0.2 mm and the 

height is 0.175 mm. Equatorial chambers 1.5 to 2 times 

higher than wide, lateral chambers narrow and very 

elongated. 

Distribution. California, localities 71CB983C, 

EB633, and 71CB971B near San Jose. Type locality: 

Domengine Creek near Mount Diablo, California; 

also Oregon," Washington (Berthiaume, 1938), Mexico, 

Peru, and Florida. 

Range. Middle Eocene. 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) teres Cole and Gravell, 1952 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) teres Cole and 

Gravell, 1952, pl. 101, fig. 1-8. 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) teres Cole and 

Gravell, 1952. Cole and Applin, 1964, pl. 8, fig. 1-

7. 

Description. Circular species, flat, inflated in the 

center, diameter 5-6 mm, with pillars and central 

granules. Equatorial chambers squared toward the 

center, elongated toward the periphery (h/w approx. 

2). Lateral chambers with thick borders and roofs 

that are flat and barely visible. 

Distribution. California, locality 71CB971B near 

San Jose; Caribbean, Cuba, Florida. 

Range. Middle Eocene. 

Remarks. Probably present in other samples. 

Genus Asterocyclina Gumbel, 1870 

Asterocyclina aster (Woodring, 1930) 

Plate 6, figure 11 

Actinocyclina aster Woodring, 1930, fig. 3-6; pl. 16, 

fig. 1-4; pl. 17, fig. 1-2. 

Description. Very flat species with 5 to 13 radiating 

enlargements. Diameter 5 to 11 mm. 

Distribution. California, locality EB611 near Mount 

Diablo, EB633, 71CB983C, and 71CB971B near San 

Jose; Osbun 1-1 and 49-6 near Sveadal. Type locality 

is in Santa Ynez Range, Santa Barbara County. 

Range. Upper Eocene (Woodring, 1930), lower and 

middle Eocene (Berthiaume, 1938; Cole, 1958), middle 

Eocene (Cole and Gravell, 1952). 

Remarks. Cole (1958) put A. aster in synonymy 

with A. penonensis of Cole and Gravell (1952). Butterlin (1970) disagrees with this synonymy and lists 

several reasons for considering the two forms as 

separate species. Present in all the samples. 

Family CYMBALOPORIDAE 

Genus Eofabiana Kupper, 1955 

Eofabiana grahami Kupper, 1955 

Plate 6, figures 8, 16 

Eofabiana grahami Kupper, 1955, pl. 19, figs. 1-7. 

Description. Conical test, primary (first) chambers 

poorly developed and spirally arranged, not divided 

into chamberlets. Apertures on the umbilical side. 

Distribution. California and the Caribbean. 

Range. Lower to middle Eocene. 
48 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

LOCALITY DESCR,IPTIONS 

SAN JOSE AREA 

Locality 71CB983C, lat 37°13.44'N., long 

121 °53.29'W., Los Gatos 7.5-minute quadrangle, 

1953 edition. Vnnamed sedimentary rocks of Eocene age. This locality is within the same limestone lentil and very close geographically to LSJU 

309, from which the holotype of Discocyclina californica Schenck, 1929 was obtained. The general 

geology and a more detailed description of the 

lithology are provided by Bailey and Everhart 

(1964, p. 69-71 and pl. 1). Collected by Earl Brabb, 

1971. 

Locality 71CB971B, lat 37°13.25'N., long 

121 °47.14'W., Santa Teresa Hills 7.5-minute quadrangle, 1953 edition. Unnamed sedimentary rocks 

of Eocene age. Float pieces of limestone from a 

small abandoned limestone quarry roughly 0.6 km 

east of the portal of the Bernal Mine. Collected by 

Earl Brahb, 1971. 

Locality EB633, lat 37°12.9'N., long 121 °47.5'W., 

Santa Teresa Hills 7.5-minute quadrangle, 1953 

edition. Unnamed sedimentary rocks of Eocene 

age. Float pieces of limestone collected by Edgar 

Bailey in 1948. 

SVEADAL AREA 

Locality Osbun 1-1, lat 37°05.47'N., long 

121° 45.03'W., Lorna Prieta 7.5-minute quadrangle, 

1955 edition. Fossils from conglomerate at or near 

the base of the Temblor Formation of Miocene age. 

From small outcrop on north side of road to 

Sveadal. Collected by E. D. Osbun, 1971. See 

geologic map by McLaughlin and others (1971); 

additional maps and a description of the rocks 

provided in Osbun (1975). 

Locality Osbun 49-3, lat 37°06.27'N., long 

121 °45.68'W., Lorna Prieta 7.5-minute quadrangle. Fossils from conglomerate at or near the 

base of the Temblor Formation of Miocene age. 

From nose of hill at about 1160 ft (354m) elevation. 

Collected by E. D. Osbun, 1971. 

Locality Osbun 49-6, lat 37°06.31'N., long 

121 °45.5'W., Lorna Prieta 7.5-minute quadrangle. 

Fossils from conglomerate at or near the base of 

the Temblor Formation of Miocene age. From 

small knob along ridge crest, elevation about 1170 

ft (357m). Collected by E. D. Osbun, 1971. 

MOUNT DIABLO AREA 

Locality EB611, lat 37°51.35'N., long 121 °56'W., 

Diablo 7.5-minute quadrangle, 1953 edition. Southwest side of road from Mount Diablo State Park 

headquarters to Junction Camp. From glauconitic 

limestone near the base of the Domengine Formation where it rests unconformably on shale of Late 

Cretaceous age. Mapped as lower siltstone and 

claystone member of Domengine Sandstone by 

Brabb, Sonneman, and Switzer (1971). Collected 

by Earl Brabb, 1963. Not exposed in 1976. 

DEVILS DEN AREA 

Locality 76CB1633, lat 35°42.4'N., long 120°01.1'W., 

Sawtooth Ridge 7.5-minute quadrangle, 1961 edition (photorevised 1973). Gredal Shale Member of 

Kreyenhagen Formation. Along north bank of cut 

for aqueduct, about 20m east of dirt access road, 

about 12m stratigraphically below base of red bed 

unit, from 50-em-thick coarse-grained sandstone 

bed. 

Locality 76CB1634, lat 35° 42.3'N., long 121 °01.3'W. 

Gredal Shale Member of Kreyenhagen Formation. 

Along north bank of cut for aqueduct, about 60 m 

east of two metal posts and 7 m east of telephone 

box. Same stratigraphic level as 76CB1633 but 

from part of section duplicated by faulting. 

Locality 76CB1641, lat 35° 43.8'N., long 121 °01.3'W. 

Gredal Shale Member ofKreyenhagen Formation. 

About 600 m N.63 W. from BM611 from sandstone 

rubble on hillside. Probably from same stratigraphic level as 76CB1633 and 76CB1634, but 

sandstone at this locality appears to be several 

meters thick. 

Locality 76CB1671, about 4 m stratigraphically below 

76CB1634. Gredal Shale Member of Kreyenhagen 

Formation. Sample collected by A. D. Warren. 
STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 49 

EOCENE TO MIOCENE CALCAREOUS PLANKTON 

FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 

AND NORTHERN SANTA LUCIA RANGE, CALIFORNIA 

By RICHARD Z. PooRE and DAVID BtJKRY 

ABSTRACT 

Stratigraphically diagnostic calcareous plankton (coccoliths and 

planktic foraminifers) were recovered from two measured sections 

(Zayante Creek and San Lorenzo River sections) in the Santa Cruz 

Mountains, one section (Aiio Nuevo section) along the adjacent 

coast, and several samples from the Church Creek Formation in 

the northern Santa Lucia Range. 

Samples from below the uppermost sheared part of the 

Vaqueros(?) Formation of Hall, Jones, and Brooks (1959) as 

exposed on the coast at the Aiio Nuevo section yield coccolith 

assemblages referable to the upper Oliogocene Sphenolithus 

ciperoensis Zone and the lower Miocene Triquetrorhabdulus 

carinatus Zone. Samples from the sheared upper part of the 

Vaqueros(?) Formation contain cqccoliths that are indicative of 

the Miocene Helicosphaera ampliaperta Zone or the Sphenolithus 

heteromorphus Zone. 

Late Oligocene coccoliths were recovered from the Vaqueros 

Sandstone at Zayante Creek in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The 

sparse low-diversity assemblages in most samples could not be 

assigned to specific zones. 

Diverse calcareous plankton assemblages were recovered from 

samples from the San Lorenzo River section. Coccoliths from the 

upper part of the Butano Sandstone and lower part of the Twobar 

Shale Member of the San Lorenzo Fonnation are referable, respectively, to the Discoaster bifax Subzone and Discoaster saipanensis 

Subzone of the middle Eocene reticulofenestra umbilica Zone. Planktic foraminifer assemblages from the same samples correlate with 

middle Eocene Zones P 13 to P 14. Coccoliths from the upper part 

of the Twobar Shale Member are assigned to the upper Eocene Discoaster barbadiensis Zone. Samples from this same interval yield 

planktic foraminifers assigned to upper Eocene Zones P 15 to P 16. 

A sample from the overlying Rices Mudstone Member of the San 

Lorenzo Fonnation contains a coccolith assemblage referable to the 

Oligocene Sphenolithus distentus Zone. Planktic foraminifer assemblages from this level are assigned to Oligocene zonal interval P 

19- p 20. 

Planktic foraminifers in several samples from the Church Creek 

Formation, northern Santa Lucia Range, are correlated with upper 

Eocene Zones P 16 to P 17. 

INTRODUCTION 

A number of stratigraphic sections in and around 

the Santa Cruz Mountains and the Santa Lucia 

Range were examined for coccoliths and planktic 

foraminifers as part of a field conference and meeting 

held in Menlo Park, California, by the International 

Commission on Paleogene Stratigraphy. In this 

report, data from the Zayante. Creek and the San 

Lorenzo River sections of the Santa Cruz Mountains 

are presented along with data from the coastal Afto 

Nuevo section (fig. 20). In addition, the occurrence of 

planktic foraminifers in several samples from the 

Church Creek Formation in the Church Creek area of 

the northern Santa Lucia Range are discussed. 

Brabb, Bukry, and Pierce (1971) and Brabb, Clark, 

and Throckmorton (1977) give detailed location information for sections and most samples that were 

·examined for this report. Locality data for samples 

not mentioned in the above reports are given at the 

end of this report. The zonation of Blow (1969) is 

employed for planktic foraminifers, and the zonation 

of Bukry (1975) is used for coccoliths. 

Correlation of biostratigraphic zones to subdivisions of the Cenozoic follows Hardenbol and Berggren (1978) for the Eocene and Oligocene, and Ryan 

and others (1975) for the Miocene. 

Acknowledgments.-We thank Earl Brabb, John 

Barron, and Kristin McDougall for comments concerning this manuscript. 

0 25 50 

I 

25 

75 100 KILOM~TERS 

\ t I 

50 75 MILES 

FIGURE 20.-Index map showing general location of sections. Map 

from Brabb, Bukry, and Pierce (1971}. Section A is in the Aiio 

Nuevo area; section B, along the San Lorenzo River, and 

section C, along Zayante Creek. 
50 

en 

w 

a: 

w 

en 

··Q) 

c:: 

Q) 

(.) 

.Q 

a: 

1----

Q) 

c:: 

Q) 

(.) 

0 

~ 

~ Q) 

c:: 

Q) 

(.) 

0 

.~ 

5 

STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

BEN THONIC FIELD THICKNESS, U.S.G.S. NUMBERS 

FORAMI- FORMATION LITHOLOGY IN METERS LOCALITY NIFERAL 

STAGE JC CB 

c:c:r::> 

.. . CI::D 

~F.~ 

(~:~ ··= Purisima 

Formation ~.a:>. =.a Faulted against mudstone ? .. and unconformable on cn.,:......;..F. ~ 

- Pigeon Point Formation 1-----

1----- of Cretaceous age ---

f-----

---

1----

1------ ---

----·-

1------

lo •coo ·O •o 

~ ------- -------..- Unconformity 

~~ EXPLANATION ----------- --------.. -------. r---- ------. --------- ~ D ~ ------- ---. (---. ------. ------ '-"-, . -------.------. -------~ r--- -------. -------. ,:__ ------. .._____ -----., ~ Sandstone r---- .______, -------._..:___ ~-------- -------~ 1------

.._____,.._____.,.-----._~ 

-------., -------. ~ 

~ - ~ "'------. ------- '-- ----, -----.., '-----. ~ Shale :----.._______,-------,~ 

------., ------.. '----- ~ 

-------..------..-----..- g :-----..__..,..__..,~ 

Monterey .,__.__, ....___ --- --.. r------------------~ 

Formation _______,_____,-------.,_ 

Mudstone 210+ r-- ----- ------- ----- ,.... -----., ,______, ------- ~ 

f-----., -----. ------- '---

~~~ 

~~~ ----, .____..., ~ ~ 

~ 1------------- ----------- ~ Covered interval -------., -------. ------- \--"'-- .___..._ ----, ~ 

~------- ~---.......__....,-~ EJ ~------------- ---------------~ Carbonate concretion c:: ~'--:__.-~ 

C1l ~---------------- MF4664 :~ ------., ---------~----.- --------- ------ Qi r---- -----. _____, .._____.,. Fossil sample ~ ------------------~ ~~--::::--..'--:=::... Mf4668 76CB1541 B 

~~--::::::: I) Sheared section L-Mf4667 76CB1541A ....... 

-·-·- "-Mf2190 JC68-5 

.:__:_;....:.....::...:.: 1--Mf2188 JC69-4 

Sauc- r~~..,if~~~ 

esian ..:d}llb.{lll ~a:.;;; 

r:::::>< . - ~__:____. __:_ 

·-·-· f--Mf4664 76CB1531 

Vaqueros(?) 1---·-.-

:...=-: .:____ . ;_ 110+ Formation _. _. ·._:___:_ :...: .-.-. 

-·-·-

_:__----:-__:____ . __: 

Zemorrian ~~: .: .. · .. :.~ ·-·-· -.-.- vMf4sss 

JC69-3 76CB1532 . . . .. . . . vMf1376 --=--~ __:___. __:_: 

Base of section not exposed 

FIGURE 21.-Generalized stratigraphic column of the Aiio Nuevo section and location of samples yielding calcareous 

plankton. Modified from Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, fig. 31). Position of benthic foraminiferal stages from 

McDougall (this volume). Position of Oligocene-Miocene boundary estimated from our samples. 
EOCENE TO MIOCENE CALCAREOUS PLANKTON 51 

TABLE 6.-Distribution of coccoliths and resultant zone assignments for the Aiio Nuevo section. 

[Species shown by asterisk are considered to be reworked] 

Species 

Sample 

number 

76CB1541B 

Mf4668 

76CB1541A 

Mf4667 

JC68-5 

Mf2190 

JC69-4 

Mf2188 

76CB1531 

Mf4664 

76CB1532 

Mf4665 

JC69-3 

Mf1376 

X X X 

X X X 

X X X 

X X X 

X X aff.X X X X aff. 

X X aff. X aff. X aff. 

X aff.X X x'x 

aff. aff. X 

aff. aff. X 

aff. 

aff. aff. X X 

X XXX aff. 

XX X aff. 

X X 

ANO NUEVO SECTION 

A composite section for the Afto Nuevo area with 

the location of samples yielding stratigraphically 

diagnostic assemblages of calcareous plankton is 

shown in figure 21. Coccoliths were found throughout 

the Vaqueros(?) Formation of Hall, Jones, and Brooks 

(1959) in this section (table 6). Planktic foraminifers 

are sparse and poorly preserved in samples Mf4664 

and Mf4665, but several species were identified (table 

7. Planktic foraminifers are common to abundant in 

samples Mf4667 and Mf4668 but are so poorly preTABLE ?.-Distribution of planktic foraminifers in samples from 

the Ano Nuevo section 

Taxon 

Globigerina angustiumbilicata Bolli 

G. juuenilis Bolli ............................. . G. praebulloides Blow 

G. woodi Jenkins .............................. . G. tripartita Koch ............................ . Globorotalia nana Bolli ...................... . G. munda Jenkins ........................... . Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich 

and Tappan ..................................................... . Globigerinita praestainforthi Blow .. Globorotaloides suteri Bolli 

Sample number 

76CB1532 76CB1531 

(Mf4665) (Mf4664) 

X 

X X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X X 

aff. aff. 

X 

aff. aff. X X 

XX X aff. 

XX X aff. 

X X 

X aff. 

X cf. aff. X aff.X aff.X 

X aff.aff. X X Xaff. 

X X aff. X X 

Coccolith 

zone 

of 

Bukry (1975) 

Spheno/ithus 

heteromorphus 

or 

Helicosphaera 

amp/iaperta 

Triquetrorhabdulus 

carinatus 

Sphenolithus 

ciperoensis 

Age 

Miocene 

------

Late 

Oligocene 

served and distorted that no confident identifications 

were possible. The ranges of several important taxa 

detected in our samples are shown in figure 22. 

The coccoliths Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus or T. 

sp. cf. T. carinatus and Dictyococcites bisectus in 

samples Mf1376 through Mf4664 (table 6) are secondary zonal guide taxa that indicate assignment of this 

interval to the upper Oligocene Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zorie. The occurrence of Globorotalia nana in this 

interval is compatible with an upper Oligocene assignment. The next higher sample (Mf2188) lacks Dictyococcites bisectus and contains Helicosphaera carteri, a 

form restricted to the Miocene and younger strata. 

We assign this assemblage to the Triquetrorhabdulus 

carinatus Zone and place the Oligocene-Miocene 

boundary (see fig. 21) between sample Mf2188 and 

sample Mf4664. Samples Mf2190, Mf4667, and 

Mf4668 from the sheared section of the Vaqueros(?) 

Formation, just below the Monterey Formation, contain few to common Sphenolithus heteromorphus. 

which indicates correlation with the lower and middle 

Miocene Helicosphaera ampliaperta Zone or the 

lower middle Miocene Sphenolithus heteromorphus 

Zone. Thus this sheared zone is near the lower 

Miocene-middle Miocene boundary. Our age interpretations when compared to the California benthic 
52 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

en w 

...J w a.. TAXA a: FORMATION ~ w <X: en en 

Q) 

c 

Q) Purisima 0 

.Q Formation 

a: 

I--- ,__... 

(I) 

::3 

..c: 

(I) e- ::3 0 

0 'i: E s::: \U ~ 'i: (I) t! Q) ~ Monterey 0 ::3 0 (.) ti (.) \U c ..c: Q) Formation (I) \U ~ (I) 0 0 ::3 .!!! \U ::3 0 s::: "3 ..0 0 :§ ~ 0 \:) ..c: s::: ..0 (I) 0.. 0 .S! 0 ~ (I) 

-E ·u 0 s::: ] (.) .~ \U 

~ 0 ~ ..c: ~ (.) 0.. 

0 ~ 0 ::r:: Cl) 

..0 ::3 .2' 

Sheared section < - 0 0" (.) I I 

a 'i: cs - f-, 

~ aff. 

- I Q) Vaqueros(?) c 

Q) Formation I 0 

0 

-~ 

6 - FIGURE 22.-Ranges of selected calcareous plankton in the Aiio 

Nuevo section. 

foraminiferal stage determinations for this section 

(McDougall, this volume; Brabb and others, 1977) 

suggest that the Zemorrian Stage-Saucesian Stage 

boundary is within the uppermost Oligocene or lower 

Miocene and the Saucesian Stage-Relizian Stage 

boundary is within the lower Miocene or middle 

Miocene. 

ZA Y ANTE CREEK SECTION 

The stratigraphic columns and locations of samples 

yielding coccoliths from the Zayante Creek section 

(north limb) are shown on figure 23. Coccolith 

assemblages from the upper part of the Rices Mudstone Member of the San Lorenzo Formation cannot 

be assigned to a specific zone or limited zonal interval 

but are probably of late Oligocene age (fig. 23, table 

8). Meager coccolith assemblages from the overlying 

Vaqueros Sandstone suggest correlation with 

the upper Oligocene Sphenolithus distentus Zone or 

Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone. An assemblage from 

the lower part of the Lambert Shale (JC 61-11d) is 

tentatively considered to be of Miocene age because 

with the exception of a few fragmented specimens, 

Dictyococcites bisectus is absent whereas it is fairly 

common in samples from the underlying Vaqueros 

Sandstone. 

Only sparse, juvenile planktic foraminifers that 

could not be identified with certainty were found in 

the Zayante Creek Section. 

SAN LORENZO RIVER SECTION 

The stratigraphic column for the San Lorenzo 

River section and locations of samples containing 

calcareous plankton are shown on figure 24. Data on 

planktic foraminifers from this section were reported 

by Poore and Brabb (1977). Coccoliths in samples 

from the upper part of the Butano Sandstone and the 

Twobar Shale Member of the San Lorenzo Formation 

.are listed in table 9. Ranges of selected planktic 

foraminifers and coccoliths in the San Lorenzo River 

section are shown on figure 25. Poore and Brabb's 

(1977) rationale for planktic foraminifer zone assignments are briefly summarized below. 

The occurrence of Globorotaloides suteri in M£3301 

(upper part of Butano Sandstone) and Globorotalia 

cerroazulensis cerroazulensis in Mf1350 and M£3304 

(lower part Twobar Shale Member of San Lorenzo 

Formation) indicate a zonal assignment no lower 

than Zone P 13 and Zone P 14 respectively, whereas 

taxa such as "Globigerinoides" higginsi and 

Truncorotaloides rohri in these samples indicate an 

assignment no higher than Zone P 14. The occurrence 

of Globigerina angiporoides minima and G. praebulloides in Mf1351 and M£3305 followed by the occurrence of typical representatives of G. angiporoides 

angiporoides in Mf1352 and M£3306 indicate assignment of these levels to Zone P 15 to Zone P 16. 

Samples from the lower part of the Rices Mudstone 

Member of the San Lorenzo Formation are assigned 

to Oligocene zonal interval P 19- P 20 because of the 

occurrence of Globigerina ampliapertura and associated coccoliths (see below). 

After completion of Poore and Brabb's (1977) study, 

two additional samples containing diagnostic planktic foraminifers were discovered in the Twobar Shale 

Member (table 10). Planktic foraminifers in sample 

Mf4 756, from the San Lorenzo River section (fig. 24), 

are referable to middle Eocene Zone P 14. Planktic 

foraminifers in sample Mf2657, from the upper part 

of the type Twobar Shale Member in the nearby 

Kings Creek section, are referable to upper Eocene 

Zone P 15 or Zone P 16. Thus these data corroborate 

the study of Poore and Brabb (1977) showing that 

the Zone P14 - P15 boundary (middle Eoceneupper Eocene boundary of Hardenbol and Berggren, 
EOCENE TO MIOCENE CALCAREOUS PLANKTON 53 

TABLE B.-Distribution of coccoliths and zone assignments for the Zayante Creek section. 

[Taxa shown with asterisk are considered to be reworked] 

Taxon 

Sample 

number 

field 

fossil 

collection 

Coccolith 

zone 

of 

Bukry (1975) 

Age 

JC61-lld X aff. X aff.aff. X aff. X X X X X X ? Miocene 

~--------4-----------------------------------------------~------------------------

76CB1592 X X X X X X X aff. aff. aff.aff. X X X X 

Mf4677 

76CB1595 

Mf4680 

76CB1601 

Mf4681 

76CB1603 

Mf4683 

76CB1606 

Mf4685 

76CB1607 

Mf4686 

aff.X X X X aff. 

X X aff.X X X X XXX X 

X XXXX XX XXX 

X XXX 

X XXX 

1978) is within the lower part of the Twobar Shale 

Member of the San Lorenzo Formation. 

Coccoliths in samples from the San Lorenzo River 

section support the age interpretations derived from 

planktic foraminifers. The presence of Reticulofenestra umbilica in sample Mf3301 and Dictyococcites 

bisectus in sample Mf3304 indicates assignment of 

these samples respectively to the Discoaster bifax 

Subzone and the Discoaster saipanensis Subzone of 

the middle Eocene Reticulo{enestra umbilica Zone. 

The assemblage from the next higher sample (Mf3305) 

is difficult to assign to a zone, but the occurrence of 

Sphenolithus predistentus, Pedinocyclus larvalis, and 

Chiasmolithus altus in Mf3306 suggests correlation 

of this sample with the upper Eocene Discoaster 

barbadiensis Zone. The sparse assemblage of sample 

Mf3308 contains Discoaster saipanensis and is therefore referable to the same zone. We did not rt'!cover 

age-diagnostic coccolith assemblages from the Rices 

Mudstone Member of the San Lorenzo Formation in 

our study; however, Bukry, Brabb, and Vedder (1977) 

reported an assemblage, containing Cyclicargolithus 

abisectus, from a sample (68CB123) equivalent to our 

sample M£3310, that they questionably. assign to the 

Oligocene Sphenolithus distentus Zone. 

Figure 26 summarizes the relation of lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphic determinations derived 

from planktic foraminifers, coccoliths, and benthic 

X aff.X X X 

aff. X cf. X X X X 

X X X cf. 

X X 

Sphenolithus 

ciperoensis 

or 

Sphenolithus 

distentus 

? 

Late 

Oligocene 

Late 

Oligocene? 

foraminifers from the San Lorenzo River section. 

Planktic foraminifer data indicate that the Zone P 14 

- P 15 boundary occurs in the lower part of the 

Two bar Shale Member of the San Lorenzo Formation, 

that is, between the levels delineated by samples 

Mf3304 and M£3305. Coccolith data show that the 

boundary between the Discoaster saipanesisSubzone 

of the Reticulofenestra umbilica Zone and the 

Discoaster barbadiensis Zone is at approximately the 

same place, that is, between samples Mf3304 and 

M£3306. The two data sets are in good agreement and 

show that at this location the middle Eocene-upper 

Eocene boundary coincides with the base of the 

Amphimorphinajenkinsi Zone of the Narizian Stage. 

As noted above, we did not recover age-diagnostic 

coccoliths from the Rices Mudstone Member of the 

San Lorenzo Formation; however, Warren and Newell 

(1980) report Discoaster barbadiensis from the lower 

(Refugian) part of the Rices Mudstone Member at this 

section, which suggests an upper Eocene assignment. 

In addition, other published studies (Brabb and 

others, 1971; Lipps, 1967a) suggest an upper Eocene 

assignment for at least part of the Refugian Stage at 

other localities. Thus the Eocene-Oligocene boundary 

in the San Lorenzo River section is tentatively placed 

in the lower part of the Rices at the boundary between 

the Refugian and the Zemorrian stages. The remaining data from this section indicate an Oligocene 
54 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

.....1 

z ~~ (/) 0 a: ;= w Z~w w CXl 0-(.!) a: <( ~ J:~<( w ~ w ..... ~ ..... (/) a: ~ Z<(J) 0 wa:: LL ceo LL Continued 

Q) 

c:: 

Q) 

(,) 

0 

·- ~ c:: 

~ «< «< ..c:: ·- (/) C/) 

Q) 

(,) 

... :::J .... 

Q) «< 

..c (/) 

E 

Q) 

c:: 

0 

... «< 

.....1 

C/) 

"C c:: Q) c:: «< c:: 

Q) «< .... (,) (/) .... 0 0 

.~ C/) E 

6 0 Q) 

.... N Q) .. :::J 

0" 

«< 

> 

,.-.--

76CB1595 Q) 

c:: 

0 

... 

C/) 

"C 

c:: 76CB1601 «< -- -- -- -- (/) 

C/) 

0 

.... EXPLANATION 

METERS Q) 

:::J 

0' D Sandstone 100 . «< 

> ~j Shale Q) c:: 

c:: «< 

Q) .... (,) .... 0 0 

~ Mudstone ,...-

~ Covered interval C) E ·-- Q) 

0 N EJ Carbonate concretion 

0 

L_ _____ 

"-------- 76CB1592 JC61-11 Fossil sample 

FIGURE 23.-Stratigraphic column for north limb of Zayante Creek section and location of samples yielding calcareous 

nannofossils. Modified from Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, fig. 20). Benthic foraminiferal stage boundaries are 

from McDougall (this volume). Data on coccoliths and benthic foraminifers from the Lambert Shale are from different 

samples. No samples were examined from the south limb of the Zayante Creek section for this study. 
Continued 

...-------

Q) 

c:: 

0 

-(I) 

"'0 

c: 

co 

CJ) 

(I) 

0 

'-

Q) 

::I 

cr 

co 

> 

Q) 

c: 

Q) 

(,) 

0 

0) 

·--

0 

c 

0 

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u.. 

0 

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Q) 

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0 

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c 

co 

CJ) 

Q) c:: 

0 c 

Q) -~ (,) E 0 

w 0 

LL 

EOCENE TO MIOCENE CALCAREOUS PLANKTON 55 

-------

c: 

co 

'-

.... 

0 

E 

Q) 

N 

.... 

Q) 

.0 

E 

Q) 

~ 

Q) 

c: 

0 

-(I) 

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(I) 

Q) 

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a: 

76CB1603 

76CB1606 

76CB1607 

FIGURE 23.-Continued. 

z 

0 

~ ~ 

a: 

0 

u.. 

c: 

0 

·;; 

C1l 

E 

~ 

2 

c: 

Q) 

0 

...I 

c: 

C1l 

(/) 

Q) 

c: 

o_ 

U>t 

"0 C1l 

c: c. C1l ~ 

(/) Q) 

0 c. c: c. C1l ::J 

... - ::J 

al 

a: 

w 

al 

~ 

w 

~ 

Q) 

.c 

E 

Q) 

::2: 

Q) 

iii 

.s::: 

(/) 

ro 

.c 

0 

~ 

..... 

wa:: 

...JW 

a..m 

~~ 

<(::::> 

(J)Z 

Mf3310 

Mf2701 

Mf2700 

Mf1366 

Mf3308 

Mf3306 

Mf1352 

Mf3305 

Mf1351 

-Mf4756 

>-

(.!) 

0 

...I 

0 

:I: 

..... 

::i 

Mf3304 --~----' 

Mf1350 

Projected into measured section 

METERS 

100 

EXPLANATION 

1::::·:::::1 Sandstone 

pg Shale 

~ Mudstone 

~ Covered interval 

0 

I c(!J]:b l Carbonate concretion 

Mf1350 Fossil sample 

, FIGURE 24.-Stratigraphic column for San Lorenzo River section 

and location of samples yielding calcareous plankton. Mod.ified 

from Poore and Brabb (1977, fig. 2). Sample 68CB123 ofBukry, 

Brabb, and Vedder (1977) is approximately equivalent to 

sample Mf3310. 
3:""-~ 

c;;~ WOJ 

o ...... ...... :t 

1\j 

X 

X 

X 

X 

I» 

:::::: 

x 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

llx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

t:J 

~ ~· ~ ~ 0"~ g ., ~ o-

~ 

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3:""-~ 

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...... 

X 

X 

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X 

llx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

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3:""-~ 

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1\j 

X 

X 

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X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

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llX 

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X 

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llX 

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X 

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~ 9. 9. 

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[TI3:" 

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c;;· ., 

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X 

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Braarudosphaera bigelowi 

Bramletteius serraculoides 

Campylosphaera de/a 

Chiasmolithus altus 

C. expansus 

C. grandis 

C. solitus 

Coccolith us cribellum * 

C. formosus 

C. staurion 

Coccolithus spp. 

Cruciplacolithus tenuis* 

Cyclicargolithus floridanus 

Cyclicargolithus? luminus 

Cyclococcolithina gammation * 

C. kingi 

Daktylethra punctulata 

Dictyococcites bisectus 

D. scrippsae 

Discoaster barbadiensis 

D. elegans 

D. lodoensis* 

D. nodifer 

D. saipanensis 

D. toni 

Discolithus distinctus 

Discolithus spp. 

Helicosphaera bramlettei 

H. compacta 

H. lophota 

H. seminu/um 

Lanternithus minutus 

Lithostromation perdurum 

Lophodolithus reniformis* 

Micrantholithus altus 

M. basquensis 

M. flos 

Pedinocyclus larva/is 

Pemma angu/atum 

Reticulofenestra oamaruensis 

R. reticulata 

R. umbilica 

R. spp. 

Rhabdosphaera tenuis 

Rhabdosphaera spp. 

Sphenolithus furcatolithoides 

S. moriformis 

S. predistentus 

S. pseudoradians 

S. radians 

S. spiniger 

Sphenolithus spp. 

Thoracosphaera sp. (spp.) 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus* 

Transuersopontis pulcheroides 

Zygolithus dubius 

Zygrhablithus bijugatus 

OJ 

~ 

;:.;- ~ (j 

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S3:DNV'H .LSVO:J VIN'HO.!li'IV:J '.XHdV'HDI.LV'H.LS .A'HVI.L'H3:.L NI S3:1Gfl.LS 99 
L9 

"%j 

0 

c:: 

~ 

t'l 

~ 

01 .I 

~ ::s 

I)'Q 

ro 

00 

0 

....., 

00 

ro 

ff 

.... 

~ (j 

>I) 

n-

>1) 

~ 

ro 

0 

~ 

00 

'0 

;-

::s 

~ 

s 

::s 

>I) 

::s 

0... 

~ 

ro 

00 

;-=-

::s 

.... 

N 

0 

::s 

ro 

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00 

00 

~· 

::s 

3 

ro 

::s 

£' 

0' 

~ 

.... 

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ro 

r:n 

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::s 

~ ~ 

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::s 

N 

0 

~ <: 

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? 

Butano 

Sandstone 

(upper part) 

I 

""C 

! 

.;... 

tJ ftl' 

0 

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~ ..... 

o-

'5; 

~ 

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0 

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CD 

San Lorenzo Formation FORMATION 

Twobar Shale Member I Rices Mudstone Member (lower part) MEMBER 

Ill I I SAMPLE 

"Giobigerinoides" higginsi 

Globorotaloides suteri ""0 

r 

)> 

--- Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis z 

A 

-i 

·"V Truncorotaloides rohri n 

'T1 

Globorotaloides carcoselleensis 0 :JJ 

)> 

- ·"V Globigerina utilisindex s: 

z 

- G/obigerina angiporoides minima ;; 

m :JJ 

Globigerina )> 

•"\) r angiporoides angiporoides (/) 

Globigerina praebulloides ""0 

m 

n 

- Globigerina ampliapertura m (/) 

- Globorotalia gemma 

""C PLANKTONIC 

~ ....... ""0 ""C"'tt 'f ....... FORAMINIFERAL __.. N 

.;... ....... m CDC m ZONE 

Reticulofenestra umbilica 

Dictyococcites bisectus 

Discoaster nodifer 

Discoaster saipanensis n CJ)0 

Daktylethra punctulata 

'"'On 

mn 

Qo 

·-v - Sphenolithus predistentus m!:: 

CJ)-i 

::I: 

- Pedinocyclus larva/is 

- Chiasmolithus altus 

- Cyclicargolithus abisectus 

'"\) •"\) 

ww-w 

tJ ~ 

ftl' '0 

::r 0 ~ 0 0 (1) 

~ ~ ~ ::s 

0 ~ ~ ~ ~ s: (/) n ............... ..... 0 !S !S o- o- Q Q 5i c Nn 

-s· -s· a- a- Q.. moon N:JJZO ::s ::s Q Q 

~ 0 mr (1) (1) 9:- 9:- z - a a (1) (1) ::s m -i In' In' a a ~ ::I: In' In' (/) (/) N N N 

c: c: 0 0 0 C" C" ::l ::l ::l S s CD CD CD 

::l 

CD ~ ---·-

NO.L)INVld SflO~HVO'lVO ~N~OOIW 0.1 ~N~OO~ 
58 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

assignment for at least the lower part of the Uvigerina 

gallowayi Zone of the Zemorrian Stage. 

inifers in California marine strata assigned to the 

Refugian Stage, samples from this unit including 

those reported by Brabb, Bukry, and Pierce (1971) 

were examined for planktic foraminifers. Most samples are barren of planktic foraminifers or contain 

poorly preserved, nondiagnostic assemblages. Two 

samples, however, did yield relatively diverse assemblages (table 11). The assemblages present in samples 

Mf2616 and Mf2626 are compatible with the upper 

Eocene assignment derived from coccoliths of this 

CHURCH CREEK AREA 

Brabb, Bukry, and Pierce (1971) reported coccoliths 

indicative of the Discoaster barbadiensis Zone and 

benthic foraminifers referable to the Refugian Stage 

from the Church Creek Formation in the Church 

Creek area of the Santa Lucia Range (fig. 20). As 

there are few published records of planktic foramz 

0 a: PLANKTONIC 

t= w FORAMINIFERAL COCCOLITH ZONE Ill <( ::E ZONE OF OR SUBZONE ::E w a: OF BUKRY (1975) ::E BLOW(1969) 0 

LL 

"E 

cu 

c. 

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~ 

g 

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E 

Q) 

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0 ~ ·.;::; Q) 

co c: 

E 0 

ti 0 ""C LL ~ 

~ X X ? Sphenolithus distentus 0 

N (I) X P19-P20 zone c: Q) X ~ (.,) 

a: X 0 

...J 

c: 

co 

(J) f-- X Discoaster barbadiensis 

zone Q) 

..c 

E 

Q) 

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Q) 

co 

.s= 

(J) 

... X P16 X Discoaster barb~diensis 

cu X P15-16 X ? Discoaster saipanensis ..c 

0 X P14 X Discoaster saipanensis ~ subzone 

Q)"E X P13-14 X Discoaster bifax oc:cu zone c: .s c. n!Ul.._ 

-"CCI) 

~c:c. 

Ill cue. (1)2. 

BENTHONIC 

FORAMINIFERAL EPOCH 

STAGE ZONE 

·s. 

0 

3 c: ..2 cu 

·;: o<» 

0 Ole: 

0 0 E S:: N 

Q) "t: 

N -~ 

Q) 

c: 

Q) 

(.,) 

0 

.!2> 

5 ;::) 

::::::, 

------ ----- ---.----

c: 

co 

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...... 

Q) 

a: 

f------ ------~ "(ij Q) 

s:: -

cu 32 _, s:: 

-~ 0 

.5 <» ..c::c: 

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0 N 

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Q) 

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0 c: E co ll1I ·;;:; 

·;: 

co 

z 

w 

f----

Q) 

::0 

""C 

~ 

FIGURE 26.-Summary of lithostratigraphy and biostatigraphic determinations for the San Lorenzo River section. Data on 

benthic foraminifers from McDougall (this volume). The Valuulineria tumeyensis Zone and Uvigerina uicksburgensis 

Zone of the Refugian· Stage appear to be present, albeit poorly developed (McDougall, this volume). Modified from Poore 

and Brabb (1977, fig. 3). Sample levels for calcareous plankton are shown by X. 
EOCENE TO MIOCENE CALCAREOUS PLANKTON 59 

formation. Moreover, the occurrence of Globorotalia 

gemma is significant in that this form ranges no 

lower than Zone P 16 (Blow, 1969). Thus these assemblages are correlative with Eocene Zones P 16 or P 17. 

DISCUSSION 

Planktic calcareous microfossils were either absent 

or very sparse and poorly preserved in most samples 

frorrr sections we examined for this field conference. 

Additionally, most zone assignments for planktic 

TABLE 10.-0ccurrence of planktic foraminifers and zone assignments from samples Mf4756 and Mf2657, from the Twobar Shale 

Member of the San Lorenzo Formation in the San Lorenzo River 

and Kings Creek sections 

Sample number 

Taxon Mf Mf 

4756 2657 

Chiloguembelina sp ... GlobiRerina angiporoides angiporoides Hornibrook ______ .. : ......... . 

G. angiporoides minima Jenkins ... G. eocaena Gumbel s.l ... G. praebulloides Blow .. G. praeturritilina Blow and Banner. 

G. pseudovenezuelana Blow and Banner 

G. senilis Bandy ......................... . G. tripartita Koch ................................... . G. utilisindex Jenkins and Orr ............ . Globigerinatheka index (Finlay) s.l ... . G. mexicana (Cushman) s.l ... Globigerinita martini 

Blow and Banner s.L . "Globigerinoides" higginsi Bolli . Globorotalia cerroazulensis (Cole) .. Globorotaloides carcoselleensis 

Toumarkine and Bolli .. . G. wilsoni (Cole) .................... . GUmbelitria columbiana Howe .... Hantkenina sp. 

Planorotalites pseudoscitula 

Glaessner) .. Pseudohastigerina lillisi (Church) .. P. micra (Cole) .. Truncorotaloides collactea (Finlay) ... T. rohri Bronnimann and Bermudez .. Zone assignment 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

P14 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

.X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

P15-P16 

TABLE 11.-Planktic foraminifers and zone assignments for 

samples from the Church Creek Formation, Santa Lucia Range. 

Sample number 

Taxon M£2616 M£2626 

Globigerina angiporoides angiporoides 

Hornibrook ......... .......................... x 

G. a. minima Jenkins............ x 

G. officinalis Subbotina .............. x 

G. ouachitaensis Howe and Wallace . x 

G. praebulloides Blow ....................... .... x 

G. pseudovenezuelana Blow and Banner 

G. tripartita Koch .............................. . 

Globigerinita martini 

Blow and Banner (s.l.) 

Globorotalia gemma Jenkins. 

Globorotaloides suteri Bolli 

Zone assignment 

X 

X 

X 

P16 

or 

P17 

X 

X 

X 

X 

P16 

or 

P17 

foraminifer or coccolith assemblages were based on 

secondary rather than primary zone indicators. Even 

though we employed concentration techniques in 

coccolith preparations, primary zone indicators were 

still not encountered in most samples. The absence 

of calcareous plankton in these sections is due to a 

variety of factors including: unfavorable facies, geographic limits of index taxa, diagenesis, and the deep 

weathering characteristic of the Coast Ranges. Nonetheless, the record from the San Lorenzo River section 

is valuable information concerning upper middle 

Eocene to upper Eocene calcareous plankton from the 

Pacific coast. Undoubtedly these data will become 

important in future studies concerning biogeography 

of calcareous plankton of this region. Similarly, data 

from the San Lorenzo River section show that the 

middle Eocene-upper Eocene boundary of international usage is approximated by the base of the 

Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone of theN ariz ian Stage 

and further that in this area, the N arizian StageRefugian Stage boundary is in the upper Eocene. 

Data from the Zayante Creek and Afto Nuevo sections, albeit sparse, suggest that the Zemorrian StageSaucesian Stage boundary is uppermost Oligocene or 

lower Miocene on the basis of calcareous plankton. 

TAXONOMIC NOTES 

Comments in this section are restricted to planktic 

foraminifers illustrated on plates 7 and 8. A more 

complete discussion and illustrations of plankton 

foraminifers from the San Lorenzo River section are 

presented in Poore and Brabb (1977). Coccoliths identified during the present study are listed at the end of 

this report along with reference to a publication 

giving a representative light-microscope illustration. 

Chilogunnbf'1111a cu!wnsi., (Palnw1) 

Plate 7, figures 1, 2 

Gumbelina cubensis Palmer, 1934, p. 235-254, figs. 

1-6. 

Chiloguembelina cubensis occurs as a minor component in several of the planktic assemblages from 

the San Lorenzo River section. The lower stratigraphic limit of this taxon is ambiguous, but is 

probably no lower than Zone P 13. Several workers 

(Jenkins and Orr, 1972; Berggren and Amdurer, 1973) 

suggest that the last occurrence of Chiloguembelina 

cubensis can be used to divide Oligocene Zone P 21 

into two informal subzones. 

Globignina jJrarturritilina Blow and Banner 

Plate 8, figures 7, 8 

Globigerina turritilina praeturritilina Blow and 
60 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

Banner, 1962, p. 99, pl. XIII, figs. a-c. 

The relatively high spire, open umbilicus, and arching aperture of this taxon serve to distinguish it 

from large generalized middle and late Eocene 

Globigerina. 

Globorotalia sp. aff. G. mtmda Jenkins 

Plate 8, figures 5, 6 

Globorotalia munda Jenkins, 1966, p. 1121, pl. 13, no. 

152-166, text fig. 14, no. 126-133. 

This form is sparse in samples Mf4664 and Mf4665 

from the Aflo Nuevo section. Poor preservation and 

few individuals available for study preclude a more 

positive identification. 

Globorotalia 1/aiUI' Bolli 

Plate 8, figures 1-4 

Globorotalia opima nana Bolli, 1957, p. 118, pl. 28, 

fig. 3. 

As presently understood, typical Globorotalia nana 

ranges- no higher than upper Oligocene Zone P 22 

(Blow, 1969; Stainforth and others, 1975). Other 

similar forms, such as Globorotalia pseudocontinuosa 

Jenkins, however, range well into the Miocene. Thus 

care must be taken in making a pre-Miocene assignment based solely on the occurrence of Globorotalia 

nana. 

Giimb£>litria columbiana Howe 

Plate 7, figures 7-9 

Gilmbelitria columbiana Howe, 1939, p. 62, pl. 8, figs. 

12 and 13. 

Poorly preserved specimens of this taxon are 

present in sample Mf4756 from the San Lorenzo 

River section. Gilmbelitria columbiana was not 

detected in the other middle and upper Eocene 

samples from this section (Poore and Brabb, 1977). 

Pseudolzastigerma lzllisi (Church) 

Plate 7, figures 3,6 

Pullenia lillisi Church, 1931, p. 209, pl. A, fig. 10 

The concepts of McKeel and Lipps (1975) are followed in identifying this species. Thus the tendency 

towards loose coiling in mature specimens and the 

relatively high arched aperture distinguish Pseudohastigerina lillisi from P. micra. 

Pseudolzastigerina micra (Cole) 

Plate 7, figures 4, 5 

Nonion micrus Cole, 1927, p. 22, pl. 5, fig. 12 

Pseudohastigerina micra ranges from within basal 

middle Eocene Zone P 10 through Oligocene zonal 

interval P 19- 20. This taxon is fairly common in the 

Pacific coast rocks of appropriate age and is often 

useful as a secondary indicator for detecting the 

lower Eocene-middle Eocene boundary. 

CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS 

Some representative coccolith species that are well 

known from the Gulf Coast, Europe, and Deep Sea 

Drilling Project cores are illustrated (pl. 9) to show 

the typical moderate preservation state of northern 

California assemblages. 

LOCALITY DATA 

Samples Mf2616 and Mf2626 from the Santa Lucia 

Range. 

Both samples are from the Church Creek Formation in the Chews Ridge 7.5-minute quadrangle, Monterey County, California. Samples were collected by 

E. E. Brabb in 1969. 

Sample Mf2616, field number 69CB651. Lat 36° 16' 4" 

N., long 121° 34'8" W. 

Sample Mf2626, field number 69CB642. Lat 36° 16'9" 

N., long 121° 35'6" W. 

Sample taken at creek junction, elevation 2,860 ft 

(872 m). 

ILLUSTRATION REFERENCES FOR 

IDENTIFIED COCCOLITH SPECIES 

Braarudosphaera bigelowi (Gran and Braarud)-Bybell, 1975. 

Bramletteius serraculoides Gartner-Gartner, 1969. 

Campylosphaera dela (Bramlette and Sullivan)-Bramlette and 

Sullivan, 1961. 

C. eodela Bukry and Percival-Bukry and Percival, 1971. 

Chiasmolithus altus Bukry and Percival-Burkry and Percival, 

1971. 

C. expansus (Bramlette and Sullivan)-Bramlette and Sullivan, 

1961. 

C. grandis (Bramlette and Riedel)-Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961. 

C. solitus (Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961). 

Coccolithus cribellum (Bramlette and Sullivan)-Bramlette and 

Sullivan, 1961. 

C. formosus Kamptner-Kamptner, 1963. 

C. staurion Bramlette and Sullivan-Bramlette and Sullivan, 

1961. 

Cruciplacolithus tenuis (Stradner) s. ampl.-Martini, 1971. 

Cyclicargolithus abisectus (Muller)-Bukry and Percival, 1971. 

C. floridanus (Roth and Hay)-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967 (as 

C. neogammation). 

C.? luminus (Sullivan) n. comb.-basionym: Cyclococcolithus 

luminus Sullivan, 1965, p. 33, pl. 3, figs. 9a, b. 

Cyclococcolithina gammation (Bramlette and Sullivan)-Bukry, 

1974. 

C.? kingi (Roth)-Gartner, 1971 (as C. protoannula). 

Daktylethra punctulata Gartner-Gartner and Bukry, 1969. 

Dictyococcites bisectus (Hay, Mohler, and Wade)-Bukry and 

Percival, 1971. 

D. scrippsae Bukry and Percival-Bukry and Percival, 1971 

Discoaster barbadiensis Tan-Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961. 

D. de{landrei Bramlette and Riedel-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 

1967. 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 61 

Dis coaster divaricatus Hay-Hay and others, 1967. 

D. elegans Bramlette and Sullivan-Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961. 

D. exilis Martini and Bramlette-Martini and Bramlette, 1963. 

D. lodoensis Bramlette and Riedel-Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961. 

D. nodi{er (Bramlette and Riedel)-Bukry, 1974. 

D. saipanensis Bramlette and Riedel-Bukry, 1974. 

D. tani Bramlette and Riedel-Bramlette and Riedel, 1954. 

D. variabilis Martini and Bramlette, 1963. 

Discolithina distincta (Bramlette and Sullivan)-Bramlette and 

Sullivan, 1961. 

D. multipora (Kamptner)-Kamptner, 1948. 

D. plana (Bramlette and Sullivan)-Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961. 

Helicosphaera bramlettei (Muller)-Muller, 1970. 

H. carteri (Wallich)-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967. 

H. compacta Bramlette and Wilcoxon-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 

1967. 

H. euphratis Haq-Haq, 1973. 

H. intermedia Martini-Haq, 1973. 

H. obliqua Bramlette and Wilcoxon-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 

1967. 

H. perch nielsenasae Haq-Haq, 1973. 

H. recta Haq-Haq, 1973. 

Isthmolithlls recurvus Deflandre-Hay and others, 1966. 

Lanternithus minutus Stradner-Gartner and Burky, 1969. 

Lophodolithus reni{ormis Bramlette and Sullivan-Bramlette and 

Sullivan, 1961. 

Micrantholithus {los Deflandre-Sullivan, 1964. 

Pedinocyclus latvalis (Bukry and Bramlette)-Bukry and Bramlette, 1971. 

Pemma angulatum Martini-Martini, 1959. 

P. basquensis (Martini) s. ampl.-Bybell, 1975. 

Reticulofenestra oamaruensis (Deflandre)-Stradner and Edwards, 

1968. 

R. reticulata (Gartner and Smith)-Bybell, 1975 

R. umbilica (Levin)-Bybell, 1975. 

Rhabdosphaera tenuis Bramlette and Sullivan-Bramlette and 

Sullivan, 1961. 

Sphenolithus belemnos Bramlette and Wilcoxon-Bramlette and 

Wilcoxon, 1967. 

S. conicus Bukry-Bukry, 1971. 

S. dissimilis Bukry and Percival-Bukry and Percival, 1971. 

S. furcatolithoides Locker-Locker, 1967. 

S. heteromorphus Deflandre-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967. 

S. mori{ormis (Bronnimann and Stradner)-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967. 

S. predistentus Bra~lette and Wilcoxon-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 

1967. 

S. pseudoradians Bramlette and Wilcoxon-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967. 

S. radians .Deflandre-Sullivan, 1965. 

S. spiniger Bukry-Bukry, 1971. 

Transversopontis pulcheroides (Sullivan)-Sullivan, 1964 

(as Discolithus pulcheroides). 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus Shamrai-Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961 

(as Discoaster tribrachiatus). 

Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Martini-Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 

1967. 

Zygolithus dubius Deflandre-Bybell, 1975. 

Zygrhablithus bijugatus (Deflandre)-Bybell, 1975. 

Indeterminate or undifferentiated species of the following genera 

are also tabulated: 

Chiasmolithus Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966. 

Coccolithus Schwarz, 1894. 

Discolithina Loeblich and Tappan, 1963. 

Helicosphaera Kampter, 1954 

Reticulofenestra Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966. 

Rhabdosphaera Haeckel, 1894. 

Sphenolithus Deflandres, 1952. 

Tessellatolithus Haq, 1968. 

Thoracosphaera Kamptner, 1927. 

Trochoaster Klumpp, 1953. 

Zygrhablithus Deflandre, 1959. 

UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC 

FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS AREA, 

CALIFORNIA 

By KRISTIN McDouGALL 

ABSTRACT 

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from three sections (San 

Lorenzo River, Zayante Creek, and Afio Nuevo sections) in the 

Santa Cruz Mountains area, California, provide a sequence of 

species that are diagnostic of the middle Tertiary California 

benthic foraminiferal stages-Narizian through Relizian Stages. 

The lower N arizian Bulimina corrugata Zone is recognized in the 

San Lorenzo River section by the presence of restricted early 

N arizian species such as Amphimorphina becki, Cibicides pachyderma, Karreriella elongata, and Pleurostomellina alternans. The 

upper Narizian Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone is recognized in 

this section by the presence of Uvigerina garzaensis nudorobusta, 

Eggerella elongata, and the first occurrence of many species that 

range into younger strata. The Refugian Stage is recognized in the 

strata above a glauconite bed in the Twobar Shale Member of the 

San Lorenzo Formation. These Refugian faunas contain species 

typical of deeper water and have a more northern aspect than present in the type area of the Refugian Stage, and prove additional 

data on the age ranges of the diagnostic Refugian species. 

Parts of the Zemorrian Stage are recognized from all three 

sections examined. The lower Zemorrian Uvigerina gallowayi 

Zone is identified in the San Lorenzo River and Zayante Creek 

sections by diagnostic species such as Uvigerina gallowayi, Textularia shivelyi, Pseudonodosaria gallowayi, and Uvigerinella 

obesa impolita. The upper Zemorrian Uvigerinella sparsicostata 
62 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

Zone is recognized in the Zayante Creek and Aiio Nuevo sections 

by the lowest occurrences of Siphogenerina nodi{era, S. mayi, S. 

multicostata, Bulimina carneroensis, and Uuigerinella sparsi· 

costata. Saucesian faunas identified from the Afio Nuevo section 

include Baggina robusta, Bolivina marginata adelaidana, and 

Dentalina quadrulata. This section also contains Relizian assemblages, which are identified by the presence of poorly preserved 

specimens of Siphogenerina hughesi and Valvulineria cali{ornica. 

The lower Zemorrian-upper Zemorrian and Zemorrian-Saucesian 

boundaries are gradational owing to continuous deposition and 

unchanged bathymetric conditions; this necessitates some modification of species ranges and diagnostic species defining the stage 

and zone boundaries. 

The infrequent and sporadic occurrences of planktic foraminifers 

and nannofossils in these sections do not allow definitive calibration of planktic foraminiferal zone boundaries to benthic foraminiferal stage or zone boundaries but do suggest the following 

correlations: (1) the lower Narizian-upper Narizian boundary 

corresponds approximately to the middle Eocene-upper Eocene 

boundary (2) the Refugian Stage is upper Eocene, (3) the Zemorrian 

Stage is Oligocene, and (4) the Saucesian Stage is lower Miocene. 

INTRODUCTION 

- ·Benthic foraminifers were examined from three 

sections in the central California Coast Ranges as 

part of the field conference and meeting held by the 

International Commission on Paleogene Stratigraphy in 1977. The purpose of this meeting was to 

correlate the West Coast zonal schemes based on 

benthic foraminifers to zonal schemes of wider usage 

Are 

of 

map 

0 

I I,· '• I,' 

San Lorenzo I 

River Section! 

N 

t 

10 

BoulderO 

Creek 

15 KILOMETERS 

I 

10 MILES 

FIGURE 27.-Generallocation of sections examined for this study. 

based on nannofossils and planktic foraminifers, 

and ultimately to correlate the California sequences 

with the European stages. The purpose of this paper, 

therefore, is to provide the stage, zonal, and su bzonal 

assignments based on benthic foraminifers. 

The impetus for microfossil studies and the development of a zonal scheme was the discovery of oil in 

California in the early part of the twentieth century. 

This activity led to the development of a Tertiary 

zonal scheme based on benthic foraminifers. The 

definitions and descriptions of these stages and zones 

are given in Kleinpell (1938), Mallory (1959), and Donnelly (1976-this modified the original definition of 

Schenck and Kleinpell, 1936). Work since then has 

been directed toward describing faunas and extending these zonal schemes along the west coast of 

North America. Extension of these stages outside 

their type localities has resulted in correlation problems. Planktic foraminiferal nannofossil studies 

(Steineck and Gibson, 1971; Bukry and others, 1977; 

Poore, 1976, and this volume) have demonstrated 

that the benthic foraminiferal stages are commonly 

time-transgressive from one area to another when 

compared to zonal schemes based on planktic organisms. Benthic foraminiferal studies should now be 

directed toward recognizing the problems and caus~s, 

and resolving them. 

Benthic foraminifers from the Santa Cruz Mountains (San Lorenzo River and Zayante Creek sections, 

fig. 27) and along the adjacent coast (Ailo Nuevo 

section, fig. 27) were analyzed to determine stage and 

zone boundaries. These sections provide a nearly 

continuous sequence from the N arizian Stage to the 

Relizian Stage (fig. 28). The benthic foraminiferal 

assemblages include species from bathymetric facies 

different than in the type areas of the stages and 

zones and thus provide additional information on 

species age ranges and environmental tolerances. 

This information suggests that minor revisions are 

needed in the benthic foraminiferal criteria used to 

recognize the stages and zones. Planktic microfossil 

data, though sparse or limited, do suggest that these 

stages can be correlated with international time 

scales. The sections examined in this report do not 

overlap enough in time, however, to consider the 

problem of time-transgressive stages. As more complex sampling and more detailed work with planktic 

and benthic organisms is done, factors contributing 

to or causing the time-transgressive stages can be 

identified and perhaps resolved. 

Acknowledgments-! thank W. V. Sliter, R. Z. 

Poore, and E. E. Brabb for discussions and suggestions on the manuscript and also Robert Oscarson 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 63 

and M.G. Murphy for assisting in the preparation of 

the plates. Special thanks are given to E. E. Brabb for 

measuring sections and collecting the samples used 

in this study. 

SAN LORENZO RIVER SECTION 

The San Lorenzo River section is in the Santa Cruz 

Mountains northwest of the town of Santa Cruz (fig. 

27). Tertiary rock units exposed along this river 

...J 

u< 

-~ 

Z~w BENTHONIC 0-(!) FORAMINIFERAL SERIES :I:~<( SUBZONE ..... ~ ..... ZONE Zc:r:(J) 

w~ 

mo ~ 

c 

«< 

:!S! 

Q) 

~ 

Q) 

c Uvigerinella Q) 

u obesa impolita 0 c 

~ «< 

·c;; 

Q) Plectofrondicularia u 

:::::s miocenica «< 

CJ) 

Siphogenerina 

transversa No subzones 

Uvigerinella Q) c sparsicostata c «< Q) 'i: u ... 0 0 

.~ E 

6 Q) 

N Uvigerina 

gallowayi 

Uvigerina 

vicksburgensis 

c 

«< 

section include the Butano Sandstone, San Lorenzo 

Formation, and Vaqueros Sandstone. New benthic 

foraminiferal data (table 12) from the San Lorenzo 

Formation augment and modify (fig. 29) the earlier 

work by Sullivan (1962). Detailed descriptions of the 

lithology, structure, and sample localities are given 

in Sullivan (1962), Poore and Brabb (1977), and 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977). See table 13 

for field numbers and the corresponding sample numbers used in this report . 

SAN LORENZO ZAYANTE 

ANO NUEVO RIVER CREEK 

Mf4668 

Mf4662 

Mf4671 

Mf4677 Mf4664 

Mf4679 Mf1374--1376 

Mf4681 Mf4665 

Mf4682 4683 

Mf270D-2701 

Mf1366-1363 

Mf1364--1365 

·c;, 

:::::s Uvigerina atwilli 

-

Q) Valvulineria Mf136D-1362 ~ 

tumeyensis -------- Q) Cibicides haydoni ?Missing? c 

Q) - - u 

0 Amphimorphina Mf1355-1357 w No subzones jenkinsi Mf135Q-1352 

c 

«< 

·;;;; Uvigerina Mf3304 'i: 

«< garzaensis 

z Bulimina corrugata 

Uvigerina 

churchi 

FIGURE 28.-Stratigraphic relations and stage and zone assignments of samples examined for this study. Benthic 

foraminiferal stages and zones were defined by Schenck and Kleinpell (1936), Kleinpell (1939), Mallory (1959), and 

Donnelly (1976). 
64 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

TABLE 12.-Benthic foraminifers from the San Lorenzo River section of Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, fig. 12) 

Benthonic foraminiferal stage Narizian Refugian Early 

Early Late Zemorrian 

..,. 0 ~ ~ 1.0 ~ t- 0 ~ ~ ..,. 1.0 ~ 0 ~ t- 00 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ 

Taxon co co co co co co co co co co co co co t- t- co co. 

G3 ..... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 

~ ~ ~ ~ 

'+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< '+-< 

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 

Amphimorphina becki Mallory . R 

Anomalina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus .......... F 

Asterigerina crassaformis Cushman and Siegfus R R ? 

Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman and Hanna ......... F F F 

Bathysiphon spp .... F F 

Bifarina eleganta (Plummer) ..................... F F 

Boldia cf. B. hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) . F 

Bolivina sp .... R 

Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus ... F F c 

Bulimina curtissima Cushman and Siegfus . F 

Chilostomella sp ....... ...................... R 

Cibicides pachyderma (Rzehak) R 

Cibicides spp ..... F F R 

Cibicides spiropunctatus Galloway and Morrey ... A 

Dentalina spinosa ornatior Sullivan F 

Dorothia cubana (Cushman and Bermudez) .. F 

Eggerella elongata Blaisdell .. F F ? F c 

Eggerella subconica Parr .. F F 

? Eggerella subconica Parr ... F F F 

Ellipsonodosaria atlantisae hispidula Cushman F 

Gyroidina orbicularis planata Cushman .. F R A R F 

Haplaphragmoides spp ... c F F F F 

Karreriella elongata Mallory .. F 

Lenticulina midwayensis (Plummer) ... F 

Lenticulina pseudo vortex (Cole) ························ F 

Lenticulina spp .................. ......................... F R F c c F c F F 

Marginulina subbullata Hantken ... F 

Marginulina subbullata of Mallory ........... R 

Martinottiella eocenica Cushman and Bermudez F 

Nodosaria cf. N. gyrata Mallory F 

Nodosaria longiscata d'Orbigny F 

Nodosaria pyrula d'Orbigny ......... F R F 

Nodosaria spp ... F R F F F F 

Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) .. F 

Plectina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus .. c 

Pleurostomella alternans Schwager .... R 

Praeglobobulimina pupoides (d'Orbigny) ···········-········· F F 

Pseudonodosaria inflata (Bornemann) ............ R F F F F 

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) ........................................... F 

Quinqueloculina minuta Beck F 

Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman and Hanna F 

Reophax pilulifer H. B. Brady ....................... F 

Spiroplectammina richardi Martin .. F 

Uvigerina churchi Cushman and Siegfus ....... c R 

Vaginulinopsis saundersi (Hanna and Hanna) ... F 

Anomalina cf. A. umbonata Cushman F 

Boldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) R F F c c F 

Bolivina gracilis Cushman and Applin .... ............... "'"" R 

Bolivina kleinpelli Beck .... R F F F F 

Bolivina scabrata Cushman and Bermudez ..... F 

Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker .. F c 

? Buliminella sp ....... R 

Cassidulina diversa Cushman and Stone .. F 

Cassidulina spp .... F 

Cibicides falconensis Renz ..................... . ....................... F 

Fursenkoina californiensis (Cushman) ........ F 

Fursenkoina dibollensis (Cushman and Applin) c F 

Gyroidina condoni (Cushman and Schenck) ........... F 

Lenticulina insuetus (Cushman and Stainforth) F F 

Marginulina spp ................... R F 

Plectofrondicularia spp ...... R F 

Praeglobobulimina cf. P. ovata (d'Orbigny) F 

Pseudoparrella cf. P. danvillensis 

(Howe and Wallace) .... ···························· F 

Stainforthia sp ...... F 

Stichocassidulina cf. S. thalmani Stone . ······--- ----····· F 

Stilostomella adolphina (d'Orbigny) .. F F 

Stilostomella advena (Cushman and Laiming) F 

Uvigerina elongata Cole ..................... F 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 65 

TABLE 12.-Benthic foraminifers from the San Lorenzo River section of Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, fig. 12)-Continued 

Benthonic foraminiferal stage 

Taxon 

Haplaphragmoides deflata Sullivan .... Haplaphragmoides sp. 1 .. Bolivinoides mexicanus (Cole) ...................................... . Fursenkoina bramletti (Galloway and Morrey) ...... . Stilostomella sp ................................................. . 

Early 

Trifarina wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton) ......... . Bulimina sculptilis lacinata Cushman and Parker · - Lenticulina coaledensis (Detling) 

Plectofrondicularia packardi 

Cushman and Schenck ..................................................... . Saracenaria cf. S. hantkeni Cushman .............. . Uvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus ... . Valvulineria tumeyensis 

(Cushman and Simonson) .. Globobulimina pacifica Cushman 

Lenticulina welchi (Church) ....................................... . Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth) 

Planularia markleyana Church .... Stilostomella lepidula (Schwager) ....................................... . Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman .......... . Spiroloculina texana Cushman and Ellisor. 

Cassidulina cf. C. crassipunctata 

Cushman and Hobson .... . Cibicides elmaensis Rau ............................................................... . Cibicides haydoni (Cushman and Schenck) ...... . Cyclammina pacifica Beck ......... . Dentalina cocoaensis (Cushman) ... . Dentalina jacksonensis (Cushman and Applin) .. Dentalina cf. D. soluta Reuss ............................................ . Globocassidulina globosa (Hantken) ................................. . Guttulina frankei Cushman and Ozawa . Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny) ................................. . Karreriella washingtonensis Rau ......................................... . Lagena hexagona (Williamson) 

Melonis sp.. ....................... . ............................................... . Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata 

Cushman and Simonson .... Quinqueloculina imperialis Hanna and Hanna ..... . Saracenaria schencki Cushman and Hobson ........... . Spiroplectammina directa (Cushman and Siegfus) 

Uvigerina cocoaensis species group ................................... . Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson 

Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny ... Lenticulina cf. L. pseudorotulata (Asano) 

Marginulina adunca (Costa) .. Trifarina hannai (Beck) .. Lenticulina chehalisensis Rau ... Marginulina alazaensis Nuttall .......... . Nodosaria sp .................................................................................. : ......... . Nonion halkyardi Cushman ..................................................... . Sigmomorphina schencki Rau ................................. . 

fl;;:t:Jer:!;.~--~-~-~-~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Cassidulina crassipunctata Cushman and Hobson 

Cassidulinoides californiensis Bramlette ... Lagena costata (Williamson) ............. . Lagena cf. L. costata (Williamson) ................ . Lagena semistriata Williamson ............................................. . Lenticulina inornata (d'Orbigny) ......................................... . Nonionella miocenica Cushman ......................................... . Cibicides pseudoungerianus evolutus 

Cushman and Hobson .... Bulimina inflata Seguenza .. . Lagena becki Sullivan ........ . Lagena vulgaris Williamson ........................ . Marginulina exima Neugeboren ...................... . Bolivina marginata Cushman ................................................. . Praeglobobulimina ovata d'Orbigny) ............................... . Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny ............................................. . 

Narizian Early Refugian Zemorrian Late 

c 

F 

F 

R 

c 

c 

A 

F 

R 

c 

F 

R 

F 

F 

R 

F 

A 

F 

c 

F 

R 

F 

R 

c 

F 

F 

c 

c 

F 

F 

F 

R 

F 

F 

F 

F 

R 

R 

F 

R 

F 

F 

A 

F 

R 

F 

c 

F 

F 

A 

F 

R 

F 

F 

F 

R 

R 

F 

F 

F 

F 

R 

F 

F 

F 

F 

c 

F F 

c 

F 

A 

F 

A 

F 

F 

A 

R 

R 

R 

A 

F 

F 

R 

F 

F 

F 

R 

R 

F 

F 

c 

A F c 

R 

F 

F 
66 

FORMATION 

c: 

0 

.... 

co 

E 

.... 

0 

u.. 

0 

N 

c: 

Q) 

.... 

0 

...J 

c: 

co 

en 

STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

MEMBER 1::: ±~ o ....16 

SAMPLE 

NUMBER 

Q) 

.0 

E -Q) 

0~ 

tQ) 

co c: a.o 

........ 

Q) VJ 

3:'0 

0 ::J 

...J~ VJ 

Q) 

.~ 

a: 

B?252 

Mf1360-1362 

Paraconformity 

Mf135~1357 

B2251 

Mf1352 

B2235 

r-- ---~.-- Mf1351 

B2234 

Mf1350, B2233 

50 

SULLIVAN, 1962 

BENTHONIC 

FORAMINIFERAL STAGE 

c: 

co 

·;: 

0 

E 

Q) 

N 

c: 

co 

·c, 

::J 

-

Q) 

a: 

c: 

co 

:~ co 

z 

Q) 

a. 

a. 

:::::> 

THIS STUDY 

BENTHONIC FORAMINIFERAL 

STAGE ZONE 

c: 

co 

·;: 

0 

E 

Q) 

N 

c: 

co 

:~ 

co 

z 

Q) 

a. 

a. 

:::::> 

Uvigerina 

uicksburgensis 

Zone 

Valuu/ineria 

tumeyensis' 

Zone 

Q) 

c: 

0 

N 

Q) 

c: 

0 

N 

FIGURE 29.-Age interpretations of San Lorenzo River Section as determined by Sullivan (1962) and this study. Mflocalities 

are from U.S. Geological Survey microfossil locality register, Menlo Park, Calif., and B localities are from University of 

California, Berkeley, fossil locality register. Stratigraphic column from Poore and Brabb (1977, fig. 2). 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 67 

TABLE 13.-Key to field numbers and sample numbers 

[Field numbers with the prefix 76CB and EB were collected by E. E. Brabb. Numbers 

preceded by JC were collected by J. C. Clark) 

~~~b~~ 

Mf1350 

Mfl351 

Mf1352 

Mfl355 

Mfl356 

Mfl356 

Mfl360 

Mf1361 

Mfl362 

Mf1364 

Mf1365 

Mfl367 

Mf1368 

Mf1374 

Mfl375 

Mf2188 

Mf'2189 

Mf'2190 

Mf'2191 

CJ) 

w 

it: 

w 

CJ) 

Cl) 

c: 

Cl) 

tJ 

0 

.2l 

6 

1--

Cl) 

c: 

Cl) 

tJ 

0 

w 

z 

0 

i= 

<( 

~ 

a: 

0 

u.. 

c: 

0 

; 

E 

0 

u.. 

0 

N 

c: 

~ 0 

...J 

c: 

., 

CJ) 

Cl) 

c: 

£-;::-

<11 ... 

"Cnl 

c: a. ., ... C/)CI) 

oa. 

c: a. ., ::J 

:;-

CD 

Field 

number 

75CB1352 

76CB1353 

76CB1354 

EB256G 

EB256B 

EB256K 

EB256A 

EB236D 

EB256L 

EB256N 

EB256P 

EB676 

EB677 

JC-69-1 

JC-69-2 

JC-69-4 

JC-69-6 

JC-68-4 

MC-68·4 

a: w w ...J CD a.. ~ ~ w <( 

~ CJ) 

t 

., 

a. 

li) 

~ 

g 

li) 

..0 

E 

Cl) 

~ 

Cl) 

c: 

0 

1ii 

= 

"0 

::J 

~ 

<II 

Cl) 

tJ 

a: -

• -

li) 

.0 

E 

Cl) 

~ 

= Cl) 

(ij 

.r: 

CJ) 

n; 

..0 

0 

~ .... 

Section 

San Lorenzo River ... Do ........... Do .. ....... Do ... ....... Do ... .. ............ Do ...... ............ Do .. .............. Do ..... ........ Do ..... ........ Do ..... ............... Do ...... .. Do ..... ................ Do ....... Afio Nuevo ............. ............ Do ... Do :::::::::::.:: .. Do ............... Do ........ ................ Do ..... 

wa: 

...JW 

a.. CD 

~~ 

<(:::::> 

cnz 

v {1368 1367 

1366 

r-{2700 1366 

v{1365 1364 

{1362 f- 1361 

1360 .!!l 

"'{1357 1356 

1355 

~ 

"' ::>. 

0 ~ t: 1! 0 

..0 E 

a 0 

c: 

v{1352 1351 

.Q 

.s::: a e :a 

t: 0 

Q "' ...J 

'{1350 3304 

I 

~~~b~~ Field Section number 

MF2192 JC-68·3 Ano Nuevo. Mf'2193 JC-68-2 .Do Mf'2194 JC-63-4 ..Do ... Mf'2195 JC-68-1 ............... Do ............. Mf'2700 EB395D San Lorenzo River Mf'2701 EB675 Do .. MrJ304 76CB1451 ............... Do ... Mf4531 JC-67-5 Ano Nuevo ......... Mf4661 76CB1541 ............... Do ..... Mf4664 76CB1531 . ............ Do ... Mf4665 76CB1532 . .... ........ Do ......... Mf4667 76CB1521A. .... Do ... Mf4668 76CB1541B . .......... Do ........... Mf467l 76CB1562 Zayante Creek ... Mf4677, 76CB1592 .... Do ......... Mf4679 76CB1593 .... Do ...... Mf4681 76CB1601 ........ Do Mf4682 76CB1602 ..... Do ... Mf4683 76CB1603 ............ Do .. 

·c: 

0 

.§ -~ .g 0 .g 0 

-£ & c: Ol 

0 c: 8 E c: ..2 ..0 8 '§ "' iil 0 "0 ,g 

~ t: 

-~ j "' ~ ~ ~ ! IXl .g 

.2 t: V) .E ~ 0 .!!! 

t ~ 

-11 E ~ E 

.E 0 0 ~ i t: 

~ .g ]' .\,! 0 ;:, I:! c: c: a. e '§ E & ;:, ..0 i -s e .s::: 0 "0 0 ~ Jl! u ~ t: -~ 0 

a. "' 0 ] c: 0 0 t: 0 :§ ~ ~ E g c: •t: c: t: :; :c •t: "' 5 "' .s::: a. :y .!.I g. .!;!l 1l ~ _g IXl 

E :3 LC ..0 -:9 IXl IXl V) 

~ (i u I I I "iii 

-8J 

0 

.s::: 

.Q 

3;! 

0 

IXl 

The oldest of the samples examined, Mf3304 (fig. 

29), is from the lower part of the Twobar Shale 

Member of the San Lorenzo Formation. This sample 

was taken from just below sample B2233 (University 

of California, Berkeley number). Sullivan (1962) considered all the samples in the lower part of the San 

Lorenzo Formation to be of late N arizian age and 

diagnostic of the Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone (fig. 

29). Sample Mf3304 contains a more diverse and 

abundant microfauna than that recovered by Sullivan (1962) and suggests instead an early Narizian 

age. This sample includes species such as Dorothia 

cubana and Lenticulina midwayensis (fig. 30), which 

are usually considered to be diagnostic of the UlatisTAXON 

~ :.;;; 

"' g c: 

$ "' "§ •t; :c 0 

~ i c: 

:c 3 e- 0 

_g .s::: 0 

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V) (i 

-~ t: 

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E .!!! 

0 ~ ]' "' 0 

E 0 "ij c: 

"§ i E 

0 

t: -:9 ~ u 

I 

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0 -~ -~ c: :§ 'E t: c: 0 .§ "' "' ::>, "' ·o § ~ Jl! 3 _g 0 0 E ~ 0 a. Jl Ol f1 c: :a ~ '§ 0 0 •t: ..9- t: 0 0 

~ _g 

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c: "' ~ ~ ;:, ...J c: :3 c: c: 

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<II g ~ c: Cl) a. ;:, ·u .g .e. Cl) 

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c: ~ 0 5:: "' IXl u c: .s::: "I: :,: I -~ 0 

:3 c: 

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I 

BENTHONIC 

FORAMIN· 

I FERAL 

STAGE ZONE 

c: 

., 

·;:: 

0 

E 

Cl) 

N 

f----

c: 

., 

·;:; 

-~ 

z 

----

FIGURE 30.-Stratigraphic distribution of selected benthic foraminiferal species diagnostic of Narizian through lower 

Zemorrian Stages in San Lorenzo River section. 
68 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

ian Stage. Species restricted to the lower N arizian, or 

which last occur in the lower N ariz ian Bulimina 

corrugata Zone include Amphimorphina becki, Anomalina garzaensis, Bulimina curtis sima, Cibicides pachyderma, C. spiropunctata, Ellipsonodosaria atlantisae · 

hispidula, Karreriella elongata, Lenticulina pseudovortex, and Pleurostomella alternans (fig. 30). The 

sample also contains many longer ranging species 

typical of the N arizian and the early Tertiary. There 

are no species definitive of or restricted to the late 

N arizian. The upper N arizian Stage assignment by 

Sullivan (1962) was based on the presence of several 

specimens he identified as Amphimorphina jenkinsi 

from sample B2231, which is from just above the 

contact between the Butano Sandstone and the San 

Lorenzo Formation. The specimen of Amphimorphina jenkinsi illustrated by Sullivan (1962, pl. 14, 

fig. 15) indicates that his identification is tenuous at 

best. Several specimens from near the top of the 

Butano Sandstone are identified as Amphimorphina 

becki by me from unpublished benthic foraminiferal 

data from sample M£3301. These specimens represent 

a transitional form between A. becki and A. jenkinsi, 

with the peripheral ridges gone and only the basal 

costae remaining. This may be the form Sullivan 

(1962) and Schenck (1936) identify as A. jenkinsi; 

however, it is not Amphimorphina jenkinsi. 

Less than one-third of the species from M£3304 are 

also in the overlying sample Mf1350 (fig. 30). All of 

the species common to both samples are long-ranging 

species, except Bifarina elegans and Uvigerina 

churchi, which are rare in the upper Narizian. In this 

section both last occur in Mf1350 (fig. 30). The new 

benthic foraminiferal data indicate that the lower 

N arizian Bulimina corrugata Zone should be extended into the lower part of the Two bar Shale Member of 

San Lorenzo Formation (fig. 29). The data are insufficient to identify the subzone represented by this 

assemblage. The lower N arizian-upper N ali.zian boundary is between samples Mf3304 and Mf1350. Thus, in 

the San Lorenzo River section, Mf3304 is the stratigraphically highest sample in the lower N arizian 

Bulimina corrugata Zone and Mf1350 is the stratigraphically lowest sample in the upper N arizian 

Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone. 

The next group of samples, Mf1350 through Mf1357 

(fig. 30), represents the upper N arizian Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone. Present in these samples are 

numerous species that are restricted to or last occur 

in the upper N arizian such as Bolivina scab rata, 

Bulimina corrugata, Bulimina microcostata, Eggerella elongata, Lenticulina welchi, Planularia 

markl eyana, Stichocassidulina. cf. S. thalmani, and 

Uvigerina garzaensis. Also present are species which 

first appear in the upper N arizian, such as Boldia 

hodgei, Bulimina sculptilis lacinata, Plectofrondicularia packardi, and Valvulineria tumeyensis. The 

late N arizian age for this interval is in agreement 

with Sullivan (1962). 

Overlying Mf1357 is a glauconite bed that marks 

the base of the Rices Mudstone Member of the San 

Lorenzo Formation. The contact between the Two bar 

Shale and Rices Mudstone Members is believed to 

represent a paraconformity (Poore and Brabb, 1977). 

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the samples, 

Mf1360-Mf1362, above the glauconite are diagnostic 

of the lower Refugian. There is an abrupt change in 

the fauna, and species that continue from the older 

samples are long-ranging or those whose most common occurrence is in the Refugian, such as Boldia 

hodgei and Plectofrondicularia packardi. Species diag- · 

nostic of the Refugian Stage that first appear in these 

samples include Anomalina californiensis, Cibicides 

elmaensis, Karreriella washingtonensis, Saracenaria 

schencki, Sigmomorphina schencki, Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata, and the Uvigerina cocoaensis species group (fig. 30). This association of 

species suggests an early Refugian age (fig. 29); 

however, the lower Refugian Cibicides haydoni Subzone of Donnelly (1976) or the "basal" Refugian 

faunas of McDougall (1975) appear to be partly or 

completely missing. 

The benthic faunas from the Refugian type section 

are from only a limited bathymetric facies and are 

therefore not expected to be chara~teristic of all Refugian faunas. Schenck and Kleinpell (1936) in the original definition recognized the possibility. of problems 

with paleoecologic facies and designated the fauna of 

the Lincoln Creek Formation (Lincoln Formation of 

Weaver, 1912) of Washington as representing a deeper 

water facies of the Refugian Stage. A similar fauna 

occurs in the San Lorenzo River section. In the 

deeper water facies of the Lincoln Creek Formation, 

Cibicides elmaensis and Uvigerina cocoaensis occur in 

the lower Refugian (Rau, 1958, 1966; Donnelly, 

1976). The first occurrence of Uvigerina cocoaensis in 

the lower Refugian coincides with the worldwide first 

occurrence of the species (Lamb, 1964; Boersma, 

1974). This first occurrence of Uvigerina cocoaensis 

can only be observed along the west coast of North 

America where the appropriate bathymetric facies is 

present. The first occurrence of Uvigerina cocoaensis 

in West Coast sections often records the first occurrence of appropriate bathymetric conditions and not 

the evolutionary first occurrence of the species. Also 

diagnostic of the lower Refugian in Washington and 

Oregon (Rau, 1958, 1966) are the species Karreriella 

washingtonensis, Sigmomorphina schencki, Saracen-
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 69 

aria schencki, and Cibicides haydoni. The latter 

species also typifies the lower Refugian Valvulineria 

tumeyensis Zone of California (Donnelly, 1976). 

The Refugian faunas also occur in samples Mf1364-

Mf1365. Assignment to the upper Refugian Uvigerina 

vicksburgensis Zone is suggested but is not well 

documented. Diagnostic early Refugian species are 

not recognized in these samples, but many specimens 

cannot be identified. Sullivan (1962)reported Refugian 

faunas throughout samples B2252 to B2254. In B2253 

to B2256, specimens that were identified by Sullivan 

(1962) as Uvigerina gallowayi are closer to Uvigerina 

jacksonensis and should be considered part of the 

Uvigerina cocoaensis species group, not Uvigerina 

gallowayi. This is the only new species in these 

samples, and it is not a good indicator of the upper 

Refugian Stage. 

Placement of the lower and upper boundaries of the 

Refugian Stage and the species identifications of 

this report differ from those proposed by Sullivan 

(1962). Although sample B2251 was placed in the 

Refugian, it contains only species diagnostic of the 

N arizian Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone, such as 

Eggerella elongata, Bulimina microcostata, Planularia tolmani, Lenticulina welchi (Robulus chiranus 

of Sullivan, 1962), and Uvigerina garzaensis 

nudorobusta. This sample should be considered N arizian. Only the last species is known to extend into the 

lower Refugian, and its presence in B2252 is questionable. The bathymetric conditions of B2251 and B2252 

are different, and as the glauconite appears to represent a form of unconformity, the presence of the 

rare Uvigerina garzaensis nudorobusta is probably 

due to reworking. The placement of the boundary at 

the base of the glauconite, that is, above the highest 

sample in the Twobar Shale Member and below the 

lowest sample in the Rices Mudstone Member, coincides with the unconformity, the abrupt faunal 

change, and the occurrence of diagnostic Refugian 

species. The abrupt faunal change was also noted by 

Sullivan (1962) between samples B2251 and B2252. 

The Refugian-Zemorrian boundary is placed above 

sample Mf1365 and below B2255 of Sullivan (1962). 

Sample Mf1365, which is below B2255, contains a 

faunal assemblage diagnostic of the Refugian Stage. 

There are few species in sample B2255 and in the 

overlying sample, B2256. Plectofrondicularia packardi and P. p. multilineata are present, but the upper 

limit of these species is not clearly defined. Uvigerina 

jacksonensis (Uvigerina gallowayi of Sullivan, 1962) 

ranges from late Eocene through the early Oligocene 

(Lamb, 1964; Boersma, 1974). Also, Bolivina marginata occurs in both these samples, and the first occurrence of this species is in the early Zemorrian (Kleinpell, 1938). The placement of the Refugian-Zemorrian 

boundary (fig. 28) between Mf1365 and B2255 is 

compatible with the data. 

The Zemorrian Stage is very poorly developed in 

the samples examined for this study. There is a 

gradual faunal change in samples Mf1366 through 

Mf1368, the result of the improved preservation of the 

faunas and the development of the Zemorrian fauna. 

TABLE 14.-Benthic foraminifers from the Zayante Creek section 

of Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1 977, fig. 22) 

Zemor· 

Benthic foraminiferal stages rian Sauce- ---Q.I- sian(?) Early ~ 

...,:) 

Sample 

Taxon 

Bolivina marginata Cushman ................... . C F A 

Cibicides pseudoungerianus evolutus Cushman and Hobscm ........................................................... .... F Fursenkoina cf. F.bramletti (Galloway and Morrey) ...... F c c 

F 

Gyroidina orbicularis planata Cushman .. C F A 

R F F 

HaplaphragmOides sp. ........ ............ ... F Lenticulina simplex (d'Orbigny) ? c c ? Lenticulina spp. ........ ... ............... ........... ................ . A Nodosaria holserica Schwager. . F F Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) .. ....... .. .. .... F R 

Plectofrondicularia miocenica Cushman ....................... F Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata Cushman and Simonson .................................... F Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman............ ....................... F 1... F Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart............... .......... F F Textularia shivelyi Kleinpell.............................. ........... F F Textularia sp. of Fairchild and others ............................ ............ F Uvigerinella sparsicostata Cushman and Laiming ................ A 

Verneuilina sp. of Fairchild and others...................................... A C F c 

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny .................................. R Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson .. C F F Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman and Hanna .............. A F Buliminella curta Cushman ..... ......................... .......................... R 

Cassidulina crassipunctata Cushman and Hobson ................ - A 

Cyclammina incisa (Stache).................................................... A 

~l1e~~~Irn':~~!t~~iO.iO. ·c~&"h~-~~--~;;Ci·G·i·~-i~g:·:::::::::::::::::::::: ~ A 

Dt;ntal_ina sp. .. F Ftssurma sp. ........................................ F R 

Frondicularia tenuissima Hantken......................... F Gaudryina gracilis Cushman and Laiming F Gaudryina triangularis Cushman................... ........................... F R Globobulimina pacifica Cushman......... C ?Karreriella sp. .................... .............................. F Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob).... F F Lenticulina calcar (Linne) ............................... ............................ F Lenticulma cf. L. clypeiformis (d'Orbigny). . ...................... C Lenticulina inornata (d'Orbigny) ............... C A 

Lenticulina mayi (Cushman and Parker). F Lenticulina spp. ................ ................................. A 

Marginulina alazaensis Nuttall F Marginulina dubia Neugeboren F Marginulina subbullata Hantken ...................... F Nodosaria longiscata d'Orbigny .............. F Nonionella cf. N. miocenica Cushman....................... F Pseudonodosaria gallowayi (Cushman) ............... ... F Pseudonodosaria inflata (Bornemann) ...................................... F A 

Reophax pilulifer H. B. Brady ...................................................... A Saracenaria cf. S. schencki Cushman and Hobson ................ F Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell ................... - F Stilostomella advena (Cushman and Laiming) ...................... R Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny........... .. ....................... C Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman .................................................... F Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman .......................................... - Stilostomella sp ......................................................... . Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) ................................................... . Globocassidulinn elobosa (Hantken) ......................................... - Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll) ............ . Nodosaria parexilis Cushman and Stewart ........................... . Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny ............. . ..................... . Spiroplectammina sp. ......... .. .. ............. .......... . ......................... . Cibicides sp ...................................................................................... . Cyclammina spp .................................................................... . ?Globobulimina pacifica Cushman .................................. . Gyroidina sp. ...................... .............. ................ . ............................ . Marginulina sp. ......................... . ............................. . Marginulina subrecta Franke ....................................................... . Martinottiella patens (Cushman and Laiming) ..................... . Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth) ................... . Stilostomella lepidula (Schwager) ............................................... . Nonionella costifera (Cushman) ................................................. . 

F 

F 

C A 

R F 

c 

F 

A 

A A 

A 

F 

R 

R 

R 

c 

F R 

F 

F 

R 

F 

R 

F 

F 

A 

F 

F 

A 

R 

R 

F 
70 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

Species diagnostic of the Zemorrian Stage include 

Bolivina marginata, Bulimina inflata, Nonionella 

miocenica, and Uvigerina auberiana (fig. 30). Also 

present are several species that first occur in the late 

Refugian but continue into the Zemorrian, including 

Cassidulinoides californiensis and Cassidulina crassipunctata. Much better data are obtained by Sullivan 

(1962) because the U. C. Berkeley samples stratigraphically higher than Mf1368 contain abundant 

diagnostic Zemorrian species. 

Based on the data discussed above, the San Lorenzo 

River section contains faunas assignable to the early 

and late Narizian, part of the early Refugian, the late 

Refugian, and the early Zemorrian. 

ZA Y ANTE CREEK SECTION 

The Zayante Creek section is north of the town of 

Santa Cruz in the Santa Cruz Mountains (fig. 27). 

Only assemblages (table 14) from the north limb of 

the San Lorenzo syncline along the upper part of 

Zayante Creek were used. Samples are from the 

.!{z w wa: ....J ....JW 

~Q a.. a.. co ~ ~~ Ol- <! <!:::> u.. (f) V'IZ 

Q) 

(ij 

.s:: 

(f) 

t:: 

Q) 

.0 

E 

co 

.....1 

1-- Mf4671 

-

- Mf4677 

Q) 

c 

~ "0 

c: 

co 

(f) 

e "' 

Q) ~ Mf4679 .§ ~ 

CT (I) 

co ~ > 0 

..c 

0 •t: 

0 

II) 

0 

~ Mf4681 ""0 

~ Mf4682 

;g 

~ Mf4683 I 

TAXON 

~ 

~ 

.§ 

~ 

~ 

~ 

s:::: 

~ ~ :s .g ..0 

•t: 0 

~ 

~ s:::: •t: 

-~ ::;:, 

:::> 

0 s:::: t<:::...:e 

~ ·a 

I.. 

(I) 

:g 0 

..0 ..c 

G ~ 

I I 

BENTHONIC 

FORAMINIFERAL 

STAGE ZONE 

---- ---

.9 

.9 

~ 

-~ 

~ 

~ _g c: 

·;;::; 

co ~ 

s:::: 0 •t: 

E 

Q) ~ N ·s 

:::> 

FIGURE 31.-Stratigraphic distribution of selected diagnostic 

benthic foraminifers in Zayante Creek section representing 

Zemorrian and Saucesian(?) Stages. 

Vaqueros Sandstone and Lambert Shale. Detailed 

sample locality, sedimentologic, and structural descriptions are given by Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton 

(1977). See table 13 for field numbers and corresponding microfossil locality (Mf) numbers used in 

this report. 

The lowest sample examined in this section, Mf4683 

(fig. 31), contains a fauna indicative of the lower 

Zemorrian Uvigerina gallowayi Zone. Diagnostic species include Bolivina marginata, Nodosaria holserica, 

and Textularia shivelyi. The next stratigraphically 

higher sample, Mf4682, is more diverse and has a 

better developed early Zemorrian fauna. Included in 

this sample are species continuing from the Refugian 

( Anomalina californiensis and Cassidulina crassipunctata), as well as the early Zemorrian species 

from the underlying sample. Additionally this sample 

contains species restricted to the early Zemorrian 

(Pseudonodosaria gallowayi and Uvigerina gallowayi) and species which first occur in the early 

Zemorrian (Gaudryina gracilis and Siphogenerina 

nodifera). The presence of Uvigerinella sparsicostata 

in Mf4683 indicates the close proximity of the early 

Zemorrian-late Zemorrian boundary . 

Faunas diagnostic of the Zemorrian Stage (fig. 31, 

samples Mf4681 to Mf4671) continue throughout the 

remainder of the section. Species diagnostic of the 

early Zemorrian do not appear above Mf4682, therew 

FORMA- ....J 

SAMPLE SERIES Q.. TAXON STAGE TION ~ NUMBER <! 

(f) 

c 

0 

-~ 0 

co 

~ "gj E "§; c: 0 ~ co u.. .a ~ ::l :~ 

~ ..c: > 0 2 -a; Q) -~ 2 a: e .Q ·c 

Q) 0 0 l? "Iii i c e c 2 ~ c:: 0 .a :2 Q) 0 

g ~ c: t .5 ] ..!;! "g) ..c: ..c: 

~ 0 

-~ ~ .a ~ ~ .s. .9-

lrMf4668 B '8 g, .a 0 V) V) 

·s. 

• 1

'W466J} :ll ~ == .!:! ::l 0 .a I I----

~Mt4661 -o c: 0 2 E E 0 

0 .a -g g Q) 0 -~ 

~ c: t[ ::l c c: f- ---- ~ "Iii 0' -~ -~ 0 .5 E co Q) c 0 ·;;; .s:: 2 ~ 2 t ~ ~ -~ (f) ~ l~ ·e :l c:: '3 :§. :::: ~ ..c: "= co 0 ::l ~ us ~ dl (f) -~ lXI V) lXI ttl 

E Mf1375 I I I I I r- --- 0 • k. Mf4664 r----

u.. 1-t- Mf1374 ;;:: 

Cii 

e Q) Q) c: c :::! co Q) CT ·;;::; () co 0 > 0 .2l E 

5 Q) 

N 

~ 1--- Mf4665 

~ Mf1376 

FIGURE 32.-Stratigraphic distribution of selected benthic foraminifers diagnostic of Zemorrian through Relizian Stages in the 

Aiio Nuevo section of Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977, 

fig. 31). 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 71 

TABLE 15.-Benthic foraminifers from the A no Nuevo section 

Benthonic foraminiferal stages Late 

Zemorrian Sauce- Relizian sian 

Taxon 

Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson A F Astacolus sp. .................................................................. F Bulimina carneroensis Cushman and Kleinpell F F Bolivina marginata Cushman..... F F Cassidulina crassipunctata 

Cushman and Hobson ...... Cassidulina margareta Karrer .............................. .. A F F 

F F 

Cibicides americanus (Cushman) ........ .. R F 

Cibicidcs cf. C. americanus (Cushman) R 

Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) .............. .. C F 

Cibicides pseudoungerianus evolutus 

Cushman and Hobson ............ A F 

Cyclammina cancellata Brady. F Dentalina cooperensis Cushman............................. F Fursenkoina bramletti (Galloway and Morrey) R Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny ........... F Globobulimina pacifica Cushman R Gyoidina orbicularis planata Cushman .... R F 

Sample 

F 

F 

F 

C F 

F 

A F 

C F 

F 

F 

F R 

F 

F F 

F 

Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny ........... .. ... A R F F Lagena costata (Williamson) .. F Lagena semistriata Williamson.................. R Lenticulina barbati Cushman F R F 

Lenticulina calcar (Linne).................... ..... F Lenticulina cf. L. calcar (Linne)............. F R F 

Lenticulina cf. L. clypeiformis (d'Orbigny) ...... F F F 

Lenticultna coloratus (Stache) ........................ R Lenticulina pseudorotulata (Asano) ............ R F 

Lenticulina sp. of Fairchild and others ...... F 

R 

F 

F 

F 

Lenticulina spp. .......... F C F R F F 

Marginulina spp. .......................................................... F Martinottiella patens (Cushman and Laiming) F Nodosaria parexilis Cushman and Stewart.. F Nodosaria parexilis sentifera 

Cushman and Parker ................................... F Nonionella incisa kernensis Kleinpell......... F Nonionella miocenica Cushman ................................ F Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth) F Plectofrondicularia miocenica directa 

Cushman and Laiming ............................ C Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman.. F Pseudonodosaria inflata (Costa) ....... F Reophax pilulifera Brady .... .................... . . F Reophax spp. ............................................ ....................... F Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell A C Stilostomella advena (Cushman and Laiming) C ?Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman ... .......................... F ? Uvigerina sp. .................................................................. R 

Verneuilina sp. of Fairchild and others................. R R Haplaphragmoides sp. ..................... R 

Cibicides americanus crassiseptus Cushman and Laiming F 

F R 

F F 

C F 

F 

F 

F F F 

F F 

F F 

F 

A F 

F 

F F 

F F 

Bathysiphon spp ........................ .. R F F 

Stilostomella sanctaecrucis Kleinpell .... . Trochammina spp ......................................................... .. Ammodiscus cf. A. incertus d'Orbigny .................... - Bolivina spp ................................................................... .. Bulimina inflata alligata Cushman and Laiming - Buliminella curta Cushman .... .. Cyclammina spp .......................................................... .. Dentalina quadrulata Cushman and Laiming 

Lenticulina sp. A .............................................. .. 

Melonis pompilioidea (Fichtel and Moll) 

Nodosana long1scata d'Orbigny .................... .. Nodosaria pyrula d'Orbigny ....... Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) 

Plectofrondicularia californica 

Cushman and Stewart Pullenia multilobata Chapman ................................ . Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis - Stilostomella sp. . .............. . Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny . Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny 

Baggina robusta Kleinpell ............ . Bolivina marginata adelaidana 

Cushman and Kleinpell ............................ .. 

~::··:: . .": . ." .. :·.::. ~···.::.~=- .. ~·:,;.·~·:;:~~-~~r .. . ( h· 

Gaudryina gracilis Cushman and Laiming ...... Lagena acuticosta (Reuss) .......... Lagena hexagona (Williamson) 

Lagena vulgaris Williamson .......... .. Lenticulina pseudocultratus (Cole) 

Lenticulina pseudo vortex (Cole) . \•·:·,--"···. ·;·:."': -=..~·.··.--: 'r-o:•.•\. i~•.J,• 1 ', 11 ,, '' , , , ,, I I ,1: :-, 1 : ,, , 

r::·:: ... .': ·: ." .. ·::: ~·:,:·: ·::: _' c!. 0 r I;, 11 r. ~ 

Saracenaria cf. S. schencki 

Cushman and Hobson ............................................ .. Siphogenerina mayi Cushman and Parker ...... .. Stilostomella adolphina (d'Orbigny) ~~:· 0 I '01 , ::•~ 1

1 0 1 • !,,: • '<;:fl., 'JI,, l:l 0 ~ 

,,• ·· .. .::: .. ,; ··.·····:.' ,. \,,,, .. ·.· ........ :••···.,:···. 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F R F 

F 

F F 

F F F 

R F 

R F 

F F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

R F 

C R 

F 

F 

F C F 

F F 

F 

F C F A 

F A 

R 

F 

F 

R 

R 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

R F C 

F F 

F R 

F F 

C F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

F 

TABLE 15.-Continued 

Benthonic foraminiferal stages 

Taxon 

r-··.:··;··. ·=· 

I ·.•··=···· ,, .I .. ••• 

';. '" •" •I • J\. I''" 

Bolivina advena Cushman ..................... .. Bulimma spp. Chilostomella sp. ....... .. .................................. .. Pseudonodosaria gallowayi (Cushman) .. Siphogenerina transversa Cushman .......... .. Cassidulina sp ........... .. Epistominella spp. Gyroidina sp ......................................... . Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman .. Elphidium sp. Nodosaria sp. ....................... .. ...... .. Nonionella costifera (Cushman) ......... .. Valvulineria californica variations .... .. 

Late 

Zemorrian Sa~ce- Relizian sian 

Sample 

R R 

F R 

R 

R 

F 

F 

A A 

F 

F 

R 

F 

? 

F 

F 

c 

fore the early Zemorrian-late Zemorrian boundary is 

placed between Mf4682 and Mf4681. The late Zemor-

·rian assemblages are dominated by Siphogenerina 

nodi{era, Uuigerinella sparsicostata, and several 

agglutinated species as well as a number of species 

which first appear in the Zemorrian, including Lenticulina simplex, Buliminella subfusiformis, Sphaeroidina bulloides, and Cibicides floridanus. 

The last sample, Mf4671, is from the Lambert 

Shale. Few of the species from the underlying samples 

occur but Nonionella costifera Is present. The first 

occurrence of Nonionella costifera and several other 

species was considered by Kleinpell (1938) to mark 

the base of the Saucesian Stage. As none of the other 

species occur In Mf4671, it is only questionably 

assigned to the Saucesian Stage. 

ANO NUEVO SECTION 

The Afto Nuevo section is compiled from strata 

exposed in the sea cliffs north and east of Ano Nuevo 

Point (fig. 27). Samples Mf137 4-M1376 (north of Afto 

Nuevo Point) were previously reported on by Clark 

(in Brabb and others, 1977). Both the Vaqueros(?) 

and Monterey Formations were sampled; however, 

only assemblages from the Vaqueros(?) Formation 

are discussed here (table 15). Localities and sedimentological and structural relations are described in 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton (1977). See table 13 

for field numbers and corresponding Mf numbers 

used in this report. 

The lowest samples In this section, Mf4665 and 

Mf1376 (fig. 32), are representative of the upper Zemorrian Uuigerinella sparsicostata Zone. Bolivina marginata and Siphogenerina. nodi{era are still present, 

but Uuigerinella sparsicostata is not. Species diagnostic of the late Zemorrian include Bulimina carneroensis, Cassidulina margareta, Nonionella incisa 
72 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

kernensis, Siphogenerina mayi, and Siphogenerina 

multicostata. These species are present in Mf4664, 

stratigraphically higher in the section but in association with species diagnostic of the Saucesian Stage 

such as Baggina robusta, Bolivina marginata adelaidana, Bulimina inflata alligata, and Dentalina 

quadrulata. 

Kleinpell (1938) indicated that Siphogenerina mayi, 

though diagnostic of the late Zemorrian, could be 

found in the early Saucesian. He subsequently recognized a similar range for Siphogenerina multicostata 

(Boris Laiming, oral commun., 1972). The fauna represented in Mf4664 is similar to the assemblages of the 

San Joaquin Valley (Tipton and others, 1973), where 

the bathymetric conditions remain unchanged across 

the Zemorrian-Saucesian boundary. The result is a 

gradual change in the fauna and a mixing of the 

Zemorrian and Saucesian species. The boundary is 

placed at sample Mf4664 with the full realization that 

the precise location cannot be defined as it is not 

known when the mixing of faunas occurred. The 

slight range extension of Bulimina carneroensis and 

Siphogenerina multicostata should be noted. Sample 

Mf1374 is probably also in this zone, but the faunas 

are less diverse. 

Assemblages diagnostic of the Saucesian Stage 

occur in the sheared section in the upper part of the 

Vaqueros(?) Formation. Samples Mf4661 and Mf2188-

Mf2191 of Clark (in Brabb and others, 1977), from 

this interval, are poorly preserved. Diagnostic species 

present include many of the Saucesian species discussed earlier and Siphogenerina transversa. This 

species ranges from the Zemorrian and Saucesian 

into Miocene faunas but is most characteristic of the 

Saucesian. 

Samples Mf4667 and Mf4668, also from the sheared 

section but higher than Mf4661, contain only siliceous 

molds of foraminifers. Many of these can be identified 

to species. Present in this sample are Siphogenerina 

hughesi and Valvulineria californica, which are diagnostic of the Relizian Stage. Since the section is 

sheared and the faunas are only represented by 

siliceous molds, interpretations in this interval are 

highly speculative. 

SUMMARY 

Correlation of faunal assemblages in the three 

sections yields a nearly continuous sequence from the 

lower N arizian Stage to the Relizian Stage (fig. 33). 

Stage boundaries are recognized by distinctive benthic foraminiferal assemblages associated with the 

base of each new stage (fig. 34) or by the gradual 

change in the faunas. Zonal and subzonal boundaries 

are less easily recognized because faunal changes are 

subtle and more frequently recognized by changes in 

the dominance of species. 

BENTHONIC w 

SECTION FORAMIN- zz 

I FERAL ~u_w (/)~0 z-z ::::>:w:::J:I (/) 0~0 Oz::::> w 

a: 2 1-~N ~~(/) w c: Q) 

0 Q) 

:w::<(_J ()a... a: Q) ..... ....... (/) Q) Za:<( ..... Q) c: Q) 0 > Cl c: ::So a: 0 > <1l Q) •C: Q) <1l ....J~o ....J ·- >"- <::I U) 0 

c:a: <11U z N a_u..UJ 5~~ <1l N zO (/) N 

c: ' 0 U) !g <1l 

~ s-Ee. :s ao~.:t::o t: Qj o ~ ~ E Q) Q) Q) Sheared 

- a: c: •,g.<:£\~~ Q) 'E~ section c: ~~o.o,_ g <1l ECI)cu <1)(/) 'iii 0 .<: ~ ....J Q) 

- u 

::I T riquetrorhab-

(top of section <1l 

(/) • dulus carinatu ~ 

~7P22 • - - !g,!!j 

~§ ~~ o·; ]R ..... <1l 

~ E .~·o 

~~ - Q) t-- ~ ?P22 \ c: .9 

~ .9 "0 .§ (/) 

~ ~ Q) 0 (/) c: ~ e 

Q) ~ ,g .!!I 

::I "0 Cl) 

C' 

<1l 

c: 

<1l t: ~~ '5 t: ~ > (/) .!2> ~.9- (/) t-- :5 "'0 IJ 

Q) 0 !g !g 

c: iii ..s..s Q) ::I 

0 

u C' 

<1l g~ Ill Ill .!? > .<:.<: 

0 

- v~ - f----

iii - .0 

E ·s. Q) 

~ ~ Q) ,g c: 0 

~ Ol 

0 

"0 t: 

'I: ::I Ill ~ ~ ·~ :§~ (/) 

Q) ::::> P19 ~.a-ot: • c: ii 

u • P20 1~ 

- o,"'' .g 0 Cl) 

r-- <1l t: A P16 \ E <1l 

0 ·ll! Q, 

c: 0 t: P17 LL iii 

- .!!! ·~ ~ 2 ~ Cl 

c: 0 

Q) ....J .2 ·~~ 

0 Q) ::::>.., ·~ ....J a: ·:; 

c: A'-._~ 

= <1l Lower r-- 0 (/) 1 

iii ~ ~ .0 :c E e. 'Iii 8 Q) Q) 0 .s .l?l Q) 

c: ~ .§~ Cl u Q) -a.!!!, I 0 iQ w .r:: 

(/) ~ ~ P15 

~ 

- • ?P16 .0 

-

0 :~ f----• ~ ·rll! 5 ~ z P14 .l1l.~ Cl5J 0 0 

Glt .!; 8, • P14 0 c: <1l ~ E ~ ?P13 

~~j c: s Q, :l 0 <1l (/) ..... CQ IJ 

--o Q) :leo. 

IXl<1lQ. ..Q;:, (/)2 Cl "' 

FIGURE 33.-Correlation of the San Lorenzo River, Zayante Creek, 

and Afio Nuevo sections with California benthic foraminiferal 

zones and stages. Open triangles, Church Creek section, Santa 

Lucia Range (Poore and Bukry, this volume). Filled triangles, 

San Lorenzo River, Zayante Creek, or Afio Nuevo sections (Poore 

and Bukry, this volume). 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 73 

EOCENE w 

z 

w 

SERIES Q) 

u 

0 MIOCENE 

::0 Late (!) 

"'0 :::i 

~ 0 

c c c c c ·~ l1l l1l .~ 'iii .~ 

STAGE :~ Ol 0 Q) .!:::! .a E (,) Qi l1l Q) ::l 

z a: Q) l1l a: N CJ) 

SPECIES 

~! -.:::-

> Q) ~! l1l l1l l1l l1l .... l1l 

w...J w...J L1l...J 

Dorothi9 cubana r- Lenticulina midwayensis r- Amphimorphina becki r- Cibicides pachyderma 1--

Cibicides spiropunctatus 1--

Bifarina elegans r- Uvigerina churchi ,...._ 

Bolivina scabrata - Fursenkoina californiensis - Stichocassidulina cf. S. thalmani - Bulimina microcostata - Eggerella elongata - Eggerella subconica - Bulimina corrugata - Boldia hodgei - 1--

Bulimina sculptilis lacinata - Uvigerina garzaensis - Valvulineria tumeyensis - Planularia markleyana - Lenticulina we/chi - Plectofrondicularia packardi - r-- Cibicides elmaensis ~ 

Karreriella washingtonensis r-- Saracenaria schencki ~ 

Sigmomorphina schencki r- Cibicides haydoni - Uvigerina cocoaensis species group 1-~ 

Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata - ~rAnomalina californiensis 

Bulimina inflata ~ 

Cassidulina crassipunctata ~ r- Nonionella miocenica ~ r- Bolivina marginata 

Nodosaria holserica rUvigerina gallowayi ~ 

Uvigerinella sparsicostata -r- Gaudryina gracilis - Pseudonodosaria gallowayi - Textularia shivelyi - Siphogenerina nodifera 

Sphaeroidina bulloides r- Cibicides floridanus r- Lenticulina simplex 1--

Bulimina carneroensis r- Bulimina inflata alligata - Dentalina quadrulata 

Siphogenerina multicostata -- Siphogenerina mayi - Bolivina marginata adelaidana - Baggina· robusta - Nonionella costifera - Siphogenerina transversa - Siphogenerina hughesi - Va/vulineria californica -

FIGURE 34.-Ranges of species diagnostic of middle Tertiary 

benthic foraminiferal stages (N arizian through Relizian Stages) 

and zones of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. 

The Narizian Stage is represented in the San 

Lorenzo section by assemblages of the lower and 

upper N arizian Bulimina corrugata and Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zones. Recognition of these zones 

requires no modification of the original description of 

the zones. The lower N arizian-upper N arizian boundary corresponds to the Zone P 14 - P 15 boundary and 

the Dis coaster saipanensis Zone-Dis coaster barbadiensis Zone boundary (Poore and Bukry, this volume). 

This boundary corresponds to the middle Eocene -

upper Eocene boundary. 

In the San Lorenzo River section, the Refugian 

Stage is marked by an abrupt faunal and lithologic 

change, associated with the onset of shallower water 

conditions. The extended range of several Refugian 

species, Boldia hodgei and Plectofrondicularia packardi, noted by previous workers and in the modified 

description of the Refugian Stage (Donnelly, 1976), is 

confirmed in this section. The Refugian faunas are 

poorly preserved, but they do suggest that additional 

revisions are needed in the definition of diagnostic 

Refugian faunas. The Refugian faunas in the San 

Lorenzo River section represent a deeper bathymetric 

facies than those in the type area in California. They 

resemble faunas in the Lincoln Creek Formation of 

Washington. The recognition of a bathyal Refugian 

fauna requires the downward range extension of 

Cibicides elmaensis and various members of the 

Uvigerina cocoaensis species group, along with the 

addition of diagnostic species such as Karreriella 

washingtonensis, Saracenaria schencki, and Sigmomorphina schencki. Also since the paleoecologic 

facies present in the San Lorenzo section are different 

than the facies of the type area (Canada de Santa 

Anita), many of the diagnostic late Refugian species 

do not appear. 

Planktic microfossils from the San Lorenzo River 

section and correlative sections suggest that the 

Refugian-Zemorrian boundary lies between Zone P 

17 and Zone P 19 and between the Dis coaster barbadiensis Zone and Sphenolithus distentus Zone (Poore 

and Bukry, this volume). Neither nannofossils nor 

planktic foraminifers were sufficiently diverse or abundant in this section to locate the boundary more 

closely. 

The Zemorrian Stage can be recognized in all three 

sections. The criteria for recognition of the Zemorrian 

Stage and the Zemorrian zones (Uvigerina gallowayi 

and Uvigerinella sparsicostata) need little modification from the original description of Kleinpell (1939). 

Both the early Zemorrian-late Zemorrian and the 

Zemorrian-Saucesian boundaries are marked by the 

presence in a sample of species of both zones or 

stages. This mixing of faunas would be expected in 
74 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

closely sampled intervals and where environmental 

conditions are relatively consistent across the boundary. Early and late Zemorrian species are present in 

sample Mf4682 in the Zayante Creek section, and 

both Zemorrian and Saucesian species are present in 

Mf4664 in the Afio Nuevo section. 

Planktic foraminifers diagnostic of Zones P 19 and 

P 20 and nannofossils diagnostic of the Sphenolithus 

distentus Zone are associated with the early Zemorrian. The Sphenolithus distentus Zone and Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone and Zone P 22(?) (Poore and 

Bukry, this volume) are associated with the late 

Zemorrian. In the Afto Nuevo section, upper Oligocene Sphenolithus ciperoensis Zone (sample Mf4664) 

and Miocene Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Zone 

(sample Mf2188) nannofossils are recognized (Poore 

and Bukry, this volume). These zone and age assignments coupled with the benthic foraminiferal data 

support the interpretation that Mf4664 and Mf1376 

straddle the Zemorrian-Saucesian boundary. 

Faunas diagnostic of the Saucesian Stage occur in 

one sample (Afto Nuevo section) and questionably in 

a second (Zayante Creek section). Nannofossils associated with this interval indicate that the Saucesian 

Stage is Miocene (Poore and Bukry, this volume). 

Faunas of Relizian age in the Afto Nuevo section 

are correlative with the Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta or Sphenolithus heteromorphus Zone (Poore 

and Bukry, this volume) and therefore are also 

Miocene. 

REFERENCE LIST OFT AXA 

Ammodiscus incertus (d'Orbigny) = Operculina incerta d'Orbigny, 

1S39, in de la Sagra, 1S39, Histoire physique naturelle de l'Ile 

de Cuba: Paris, A. Bertrand, p. 49, p. 6, figs. 16-17. 

Amphimorphina becki Mallory, 1959, Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the California Coast Ranges: Tulsa, Okla., Am. 

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 215, pl. 19, figs. la-b. 

Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson, 1935, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, pt. 3, p. 64, pl. 9, figs. Sa-c. 

Anomalina salinasensis Kleinpell, 1938, Miocene stratigraphy of 

California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 

377, pl. VIII, figs. 12a-c. 

Anomalina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, 1939, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 15, pt. 2, p. 32, pl. 7, figs. 3a-c. 

Asterigerina crassaformis Cushman and Siegfus, 1935, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, pt. 4, p. 94, pl. 14, fig. 

10-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 

4, p. 2S2, pl. 20, figs. 3a, b, c. 

Baggina robusta Kleinpeli 193S, Miocene stratigraphy of California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 325, 

pl. XI, figs. Sa-c. 

Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman and Hanna, 1927, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 16, no. S, p. 210, pl. 13, figs. 2, 3-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

249, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3. 

Bifarina eleganta (Plummer) = Siphogenerina eleganta Plummer, 

1926, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, p. 126, pl. S, figs. la-c.-Bifarina 

eleganta (Plummer) of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 276, pl. 15, figs. lla, b. 

Boldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck) = Cibicides hodgei Cushman and Schenck, 192S, California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 17, no. 9, p. 315, pl. 45, figs. 3-5.-Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 2S6, pl. 23, figs. 

Sa, b, c.-Cibicides cushmani Nuttall of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 2S7, pl. 23, figs. 7a, b, 

c. 

Bolivina advena Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. la-b. 

Bolivina gracilis Cushman and Applin, 1926, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 167, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2. 

Bolivina kleinpelli Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, no. 6, p. 

606, pl. 107, figs. 3, 9.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 276, pl. 15, figs. 6a, b. 

Bolivina marginata Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 5a-b.-Sullivan, 

1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 276, pl. 

15, figs. 9a, b. 

Bolivina scabrata Cushman and Bermudez, 1936, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 12, pt. 2, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. 11-12. 

Bolivinoides mexicanus (Cole)= Proroporus mexicanus Cole, 1927, 

Bulls. Am. Paleontology, v. 14, pt. 51, p. 26, pl. 1, fig. 19. 

Bulimina carneroensis Cushman and Kleinpell, 1934, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 12a, b. 

Bulimina corrugata Cushman andSiegfus, 1935, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, pt. 4, p. 92-93, pl. 14, figs. 7a-b. 

Bulimina curtissima Cushman and Siegfus, 1935, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, pt. 4, p. 93, pl. 14, figs. 9a, b. 

Bulimina inflata alligata Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 107, pl. 11, figs. 17a-b. 

Bulimina microcostata Cusham and Parker, 1936, Cushman Lab. 

foram. Research Contr., v. 12, pt. 2, p. 39, pl. 7, fig. 2.-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

274, pl. 14, figs. 6a, b. 

Bulimina sculptilis lacinata Cushman and Parker, 1937, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 13, pt. 2, p. 46-53, pls. 5-6.-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

274, pl. 14, figs. Sa, b. 

Buliminella curta Cushman, Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 

2, p. 33, pl. 29, fig. 4.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 273, pl. 14, figs. la, b. 

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) =Bulimina elegantissima 

d'Orbigny, 1S39, Voyage dans I' Amerique Meridionale, v. 5, pt. 

5, pl. 51, pl. 7, figs. 13, 14. 

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 12.-Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 273, pl. 14, figs. 

2a, b 3. 

Cassidulina crassipunctata Cushman and Hobson, 1935, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, pt. 3, p. 63, pl. 9, fig. 

10.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 

4, p. 2S2, pl. 20, figs. 6a, b. 

Cassidulina diversa Cushman and Stone, 1949, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 25, pt. 3, p. 56. 

Cassidulina margareta Karrer, 1S77, K. K. Geol. Reichesanst., 

Abh., Wien, Bd. 9, p. 3S6. 

Cassidulinoides californiensis Bramlette, 1951, in Woodring and 

Bramlette, 1951, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 222, p. 61.-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

2S3, pl. 20, figs. 9a, b. 

Cibicides americanus (Cushman) = Truncatulina americana Cushman, 191S, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 63. 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 75 

Cibicides americanus crassiseptus Cushman and Laiming, 1931, 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 119, pl. 14, figs. 14a-c. 

Cibicides elmaensis Rau, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 

173, pl. 31, figs. 18-26. 

Cibicides falconensis Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 32, p. 

128, pl. 11, figs. 6a-c, 7. 

Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) = Truncatulina floridana Cushman, 1918, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p. 62. 

Cibicides haydoni (Cushman and Schenck) = Planulina haydoni 

Cushman and Schenck, 1928, California Univ. Pubs., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 17, no. 9, p. 316, pl. 45, figs. 7a-c.-Sullivan, 

1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 286, pl. 

23, figs. la, b, c, 2. 

Cibicides pachyderma (Rzehak) = Truncatulina pachyderma 

Rzehak, 1885, Naturf. Ver. Brunn, Verh., Brunn, Bd. 24, (1885), 

p. 87. 

Cibicides pseudoungerianus euolutus Cushman and Hobson, 1935, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, no. 3, p. 64, pl. 9, 

fig. 11. 

Cibicides spiropunctatus Galloway and Morrey, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, p. 4, p. 346, pl. 39, fig. 7. 

Cyclammina cancellata obesa Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. 

Paleontology v. 5, no. 2, p. 94, pl. 9, figs. lOa, b. 

Cyclammina incisa (Stache) = Haplophragmium incisum Stache, 

1865, Novora Exped. 1857-1859, Wien. Osterreich. Geol. Theil. 

Bd. 1, Abt. 2, p. 165. 

Cyclammina pacifica Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, no. 6, p. 

591, pl. 98, figs. 2-3. 

Dentalina cocoaensis (Cushman) = Nodosaria cocoaensis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 3, 

p. 66. 

Dentalina cooperensis Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 9, pt. 1, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 17. 

Dentalina jacksonensis Cushman and Applin, 1926, Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 10, no. 2, p. 170, pl. 7, figs. 14-16. 

Dentalina quadrulata Cushman and Laiming, ms. Cushman and 

Parker, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 7, pt. 

1, p. 3-4, pl. 1, figs. 9-11.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 264, pl. 9, figs. 13, 14a, b. 

Dentalina spinosa ornatior Smith, 1957, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 32, no. 3, p. 165. 

Dorothia cubana (Cushman and Bermudez) = Gaudryina cubana 

Cushman and Bermudez, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 12, pt. 3, p. 56, pl. 10,. figs. 2, 10, 11. 

Eggerella elongata Blaisdell, 1965, Cushman Found. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 16, no. 1, p. 27, pl. 2, figs. 1-3. 

Eggerella subconica .Parr, 1950, British and New Zealand Antarctic Research Exped. 1929-1931, Repts. Adelaide, ser. B, v. 5, pt. 

6, p. 281, pl. 5, figs. 22a, b. 

Frondicularia tenuissima Hantken, 1875, K. Ungar. Geol. Anst., 

Mitt. Jahrb., Bd. 4, Heft. 1, p. 43.-Sullivan, 1962, 9alifornia 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 267, pl. 11, fig. 6. 

Fursenkoina bramletti(Galloway and Morrey) = Virgulina bram· 

lettei Galloway and Morrey, 1929, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 

15, no. 55, p. 37, pl. 5, figs. 14a b.-Sullivan, 1962, California 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 275, pl. 15, figs. la, b, 2. 

Fursenkoina californiensis (Cushman) = Virgulina californiensis 

Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 1, 

pt. 2, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. lla-c.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 275, pl. 15, figs. 3, 4a, b. 

Fursenkoina dibollensis (Cushman and Applin) = Virgulina dibollensis Cushman and Applin, 1926, Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., v. 10, pt. 1, no. 2, p. 168.-Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 275, pl. 15, figs. 

5a, b. 

Gaudryina triangularis Cushman, 1911, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 71, 

p. 65. 

Glandulina laeuigata (d'Orbigny) =Nodosaria (Glandulina) laeuigata d'Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, tome 7, p. 

252. 

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman, 1927, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 3, pt. 2, p. 67, pl. 14, fig. 12. 

Globocassidulina globosa (Hantken) = Cassidulina globosa Rantken, 1875, K. Ungar, Geol. Anst. Mitt. Jahrb., Bd., 4, Heft. 1,. p. 

64, pl. 16, figs. 2a-b.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 283, pl. 20, figs. 5a, b. 

Guttulina frankei Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, U.S. Natl. Mus. 

Proc., v. 77, no. 2829, art. 6, p. 28, pl. 30, figs. 17, 18. 

Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny) = Globulina irregularis 

d'Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiferes .fossiles du bassin tertiaire de 

Vienne (Autriche): Paris, Gide et. Cie., p. 226, pl. 13, figs. 9, 

10.-Guttulina irregularis (d'Orbigny) of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 267, pl. 11, figs. Sa, 

b, c. 

Gyroidina condoni (Cushman and Schenck) =· Eponides condoni 

Cushman and Schenck, 1928, California Univ. Pubs., Dept. 

Geol. Sci., Bull., v. 17, no. 9, p. 313, pl. 44, figs. 6, 7a-c.-

Gyroidina condoni (Cushman and Schenck) of Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 280, pl. 18, figs. 

2a, b, c. 

Gyroidina orbicularis planata Cushman, 1935, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 181, p. 45, pl. 66, figs. 4-6.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 280, pl. 18, figs. la, b, 

c. 

Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny, 1926, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, 

tome 7, p. 45, pl. 18, fig. 3. 

Haplaphragmoides deflata Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 251, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12. 

Karreriella elongata Mallory, 1959, Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy 

of the California Coast Ranges: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologists, p. 127, pl. 5, figs. 4a-c. 

Karreriella washingtonensis Rau, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, v. 22, 

pt. 2, p. 158, pl. 27, figs. 5, 6.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 255, pl. 4, figs. 3a, b, 4a, b. 

Lagena acuticosta Reuss, 1862, Akad. Wiss. Sitz., v. 44, pt. 1, 1861, 

p. 303, pl. 1, fig. 4. 

Lagena becki Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 

37, no. 4, p. 266, pl. 10, figs. 16a, b. 

Lagena costata (Williamson) = Entosolenia costata Williamson, 

1858, Ann. Mag. Nat. History (London), ser. 2, v. 1, p. 9, pl. 1, 

fig. 18. 

Lagena hexagona (Williamson) = Entosolenia squamosa (Montagu) var. hexagona Williamson, 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. History 

(London), ser. 2, v. 1, p. 20, pl. 2, figs. 9a-b. 

Lagena semistriata Williamson, 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. History 

(London), ser. 2, v. 1, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 9-10. 

Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob)= Serpula sulcata Walker and 

Jacob, 1798, in Kanmacher, 1798, Adam's essays on the 

microscope, ed. 2, London, p. 634. 

Lagena vulgaris Williamson, 1858, Royal Soc. London, p. 3, pl. 1, 

figs. 5, 5a.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., 

v. 37, no. 4, p. 267, pl. 10, figs. 12a, b. 

Lenticulina barbati (Cushman and Hobson) = Robulus barbati 

Cushman and Hobson, 1935, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., v. 11, pt. 3, p. 57, pl. 8, figs. 9a-b. 

Lenticulina calcar (Linne) =Nautilus calcar Linne, 1758, Systema 

naturae, ed. 10: Holmiae, Suecia, impensis L. Salvii, tomus 1, 

p. 709. 

Lenticulina chehalisensis (Rau) =Robulus chehalisensis Rau, 1948, 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 162, pl. 29, figs. 14-15. 
76 STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

Lenticulina cf. L. clypeiformis d'Orbigny, Kleinpell, 1938, Miocene 

stratigraphy of California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists, p. 197, pl. 3, fig. 7. 

Lenticulina coaledensis (Detling) = Robulus coaledensis Detling, 

1946, Jour. Paleontology, v. 20, pt. 4, p. 353, pl. 48, fig. 1. 

Lenticulina cultratus (Montfort) = Robulus cultratus Montfort, 

1808, Conchyliologie systematique et classification methodique des coquilles: Paris, France, tome 1, p. 215. 

Lenticulina inornata (d'Orbigny) = Robulus inornata d'Orbigny, 

1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne: 

Paris, France,Gide et Cie., p. 102, pl. 4, figs. 25, 26.-Sullivan, 

1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 258, pl. 5, 

figs. 5a, b. 

Lenticulina insuetus (Cushman and Stainforth) = Robulus insuetus 

Cushman and Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 23, pt. 4, p. 77, pl. 17, fig. I.-Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 259, pl. 5, figs. 

6, 7a, b. 

Lenticulina midwayensis (Plummer) = Cristellaria midwayensis 

Plummer, 1926, Texas Univ. Bull. 2644, p. 95, pl. 13, fig. 5.-

(not Robulus midwayensis of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 259, pl. 6, figs. 3a, b). 

Lenticulina pseudocultratus (Cole)= Robulus pseudocultratus Cole, 

1927, Bulls. Am. Paleontology, v. 14, no. 51, p. 19. 

Lenticul~na pseudorotulata (Asano) = Robulus pseudorotulatus 

Asano, 1938, Tohoku Imp. Univ., Sci. Repts., ser. 2, v.l9, no. 2, 

p. 201. 

Lenticulina pseudouortex (Cole) = Robulus pseudouortex Cole. 

1927, BulL Am. Paleontology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 19. 

Lenticulina simplex (d'Orbigny) = Cristellaria simplex (d'Orbigny, 

1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin Tertiaire du Vienne: 

Paris, France, Gide et Cie., p. 85.-Robulus simplex d'Orbigny 

of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, 

p. 260, pl. 5, figs. 8a; b. 

Lenticulina sp. of Fairchild and others, 1969, California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 81, p. 44, pl. 7, figs. 9a, b. 

Lenticulina welchi (Church)= Robulus welchi Church, 1931, Mining in California, v. 27, no. 2, p. 212, pl. C, figs. 13-14.-

Robulus chiranus Cushman and Stone of Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 257, pl. 7, figs. 

1, 2a, b. 

Marginulina adunca (Costa) = Glandulina adunca Costa, 1856, 

Accad. Pontaniana Napoli, Atti., w. 7, fasc. 2, p. 128, pl. 11, 

figs. 24a. A.C. 

Marginulina alazaensis Nuttall, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 

13, pl. 3, figs. 3, 7.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 261, pl. 8, figs. 7a, b. 

Marginulina dubia Neugeboren, 1851, Siebenb. ver. Naturw. 

Hermannstadt, verh. Mitt., Hermannstadt, Ungarn, Jahrg. 2, 

no. 7, p. 120. 

Marginulina exima Neugeboren, 1851, Siebenb. ver. Naturw. 

Hermannstadt, verh. Mitt., Hermannstadt, Ungarn, Jahrg. 2, 

no. 8, p. 129.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., 

v. 37, no. 4, p. 262, pl. 8, figs. 9a, b. 

M arginulina subbullata Hantken, 1875, Hungary, K. 

Ungar. Geol. Anst., Mitt. Jahrb., Bd. 4, Heft 1, p. 46. 

Marginulina subrecta Franke, 1927, Danmarks, Geol. Undersogelse Skr., Raekke 2, Nr. 46, p. 19. 

Martinottiella eocenica Cushman and Bermudez, 1937, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 13, pt. 1, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 

27-28.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, 

no. 4, p. 255,. pl. 4, figs. 6a, b, c. -

Martinottiella patens"(Cushman and Laiming) = Clauulina patens 

Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 

96, pl. 10, figs. 2a-b. 

Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll) = Nautilus pompilioides 

Fichtel and Moll, 1798, Testacea microscopica aliaque minuta 

ex generibus Argonata et N au til us, Wien, p. 31. 

Nodosarella atlantisae hispidula (Cushman) = Ellipsonodosaria 

atlantisae hispidula Cushman, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 15, pt. 3, p. 70, pl. 12, figs. 3, 4. 

Nodosaria boffalorae Martinotti, 1924, Soc. Italiana Sci. Nat. e 

Museo Civico Storia Nat. Milano Atti, v. 62, fasc. 3-4, p. 333. 

Nodosaria holserica Schwager, 1866, Novara Exped. 1857-1859, 

Wien, Geol. Theil, Bd. 2. Abt. 2, p. 221. 

Nodosaria longiscata d'Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du 

bassin tertiaire du Vienne: Paris, France, Gide et Cie., p. 32, pl. 

1, figs.l0-12. 

Nodosaria parexilis sentifera Cushman and Parker, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 7, pt. 1, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 16. 

Nodosaria pyrula d'Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, 

tome 7, p. 253.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. 

Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 265, pl. 10, figs. 3a-b. 

Nonion halkyardi Cushman, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 12, pt. 3, p. 63, pl. 12, fig. 1. 

Nonionella costifera (Cushman) = Nonionina costifera Cushman, 

1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v.l, no. 4, p. 90, 

pl. 13, figs. 2a-c. 

Nonionella incisa (Cushman)= Nonionina incisa Cushman, 1926, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v.l, no. 4, p. 90-91, pl. 

13, figs. 3a-c. 

Nonionella incisa kernensis (Kleinpell) = Nonion incisum (Cushman) var. kernensis Kleinpell, 1938, Miocene stratigraphy of 

California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 

232. 

Nonionella miocenica Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, no. 4, p. 91, pl. 13, figs. 4a-c. 

Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) = Rotalina umbonata Reuss, 1851, 

Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., Bd. 3, p. 75, pl. 5, figs. 35.-

Eponides umbonatus (Reuss) of Sullivan, 1962, California 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 281, pl. 18, figs. 7a, b, c. 

Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth) =Nodogenerina 

rohri (Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., Spec. Pub. 14, p. 39, pl. 5, fig. 26. 

Planularia markleyana Church, 1941, California State Mineralogist, v. 27, no. 2, p. 208, pl. A. fig. 6, pl. 8, figs. 1, 10. 

Plectina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, 1935, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, no. 6, p. 92, pl. 14, figs. 3, 4.-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

255, pl. 3, figs. 8a, b, c, 9. 

Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and Stewart, 1926, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 2, pt. 2, p. 39, pl. 6, 

figs. 9-11. 

Plectofrondicularia miocenica Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 58, pl. 7, figs. 10, 11, pl. 8, 

figs. 11, 12. 

Plectofrondicularia miocenica directa Cushman and Laiming, 

1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 105, pl. 11, fig. 12. 

Plectofrondicularia packardi Cushman and Schenck, 1928, California Univ. Pubs., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 17, no. 9, p. 311, pl. 43, 

figs. 14, 15.-Plectofrondicularia packardi packardi Cushman 

and Schenck of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 270, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12. 

Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata Cushman and Simonson, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 197, pl. 32, figs. 2-4.-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

270, pl. 12, fig. 10. 

Plectofrondicularia uaughani Cushman, 1927, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 3, p. 2, p. 112, pl. 23, fig. 3.-

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 
UPPER EOCENE TO LOWER MIOCENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS 77 

271, pl. 12, fig. 7. 

Pleurostomella alternans Schwager, 1866, Novara Exped. 

1857-1859, Wien, Geol. Theil, Bd. 2, Abt. 2, p. 238. 

Praeglobobulimina ovata (d'Orbigny) =Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny, 

1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne: 

Paris, France, Gide et Cie., p. 186, pl. 11, figs. 13-14. 

Praeglobobulimina pupoides d'Orbigny) = Bulimina pupoides 

d'Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de 

Vienne: Paris, France, Gide et Cie., p. 185, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12. 

Pseudonodosaria gallowayi (Cushman) = Pseudoglandulina gallowayi Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 5, pt. 4, no. 84, p. 87. 

Pseudonodosaria in{lata (Costa) = Glandulina in{lata Costa, 1853, 

Foraminifer: Napoli, Italia, p. 14, pl. 4, fig. 1. 

Pullenia miocenica Kleinpell, 1938, Miocene stratigraphy of California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 338, pl. 

14, fig. 6. 

Pullenia multilobata Chapman, 1900, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

Geol., v. 1, p. 253, pl. 30, figs. 7, 7a. 

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) = Nonionina quinqueloba Reuss, 

Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 3, 1851, p. 71, pl. 5, fig. 31. 

Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 4, no. 1, p. 72, pl. 8, fig. 2. 

Quinqueloculina imperialis Hanna and Hanna, 1924, Washington 

Univ. Pub. Geology, v. 1, p. 58, pl. 13. 

Quinqueloculina minuta Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, no. 

6, p. 593, pl. 99, figs. 5-7. 

Reophax pilulifera Brady, 1884, Repts. Sci. Results Explor. Voyage 

H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology, v. 9, p. 292, pl. 30, figs. 18-20. 

Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman and Hanna, 1927, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 16, no. 8, p. 209, pl. 13, fig. 23, p. 57, pl. 

8, fig. 11. 

Saracenaria schencki Cushman and Hobson, 1935, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 11, pt. 3, p. 57, pl. 8, fig. 11. 

Sigmomorphina schencki Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Proc., v. 77, no. 2829, art. 6, p. 133, pl. 35, figs. 6a, b. 

Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 36, pl. 7, figs. 4a-b. 

Siphogenerina mayi Cushman and Parker, 1931, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 7, pt. 1, p. 10-11, pl. 2, figs. 7a-b. 

Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis, 1929, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 5, pt. 4, p. 95, pl. 13, fig. 38. 

Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell, 1934, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 15, 

16. 

Siphogenerina transversa Cushman = Siphogenerina raphanus 

var. transversa Cushman, 1918, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 

64. 

Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 

1, tome 7, p. 267. 

Spiroloculina texana Cushman and Ellisor, 1944, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 20, pt. 3, p. 51, pl. 8, figs. 14-15.-

Spiroloculina wilcoxensis Cushman and Garrett of Sullivan, 

1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 257, pl. 4, 

fig. 9. 

Spiroplectammina directa (Cushman and Siegfus) :: Spiroplectoides directa Cushman and Siegfus, 1939, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 15, pt. 2, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 7-8. 

Spiroplectammina richardi Martin, 1943, Stanford Univ. Pub. 

Geol. Sci., v. 3, no. 3, p. 14, pl. 5, figs. 3a-b. 

Stichocassidulina cf. S. thalmani Stone, Mallory, 1959, Lower 

Tertiary biostratigraphy of the California Coast Ranges: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 226, pl. 19, figs. 

9a-c.-Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, 

no. 4, p. 283, pl. 20, figs. Sa, b. 

Stilostomella adolphina (d'Orbigny) =Dentalina adolphina d'Orbigny, 1846, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne: 

Paris, France, Gide et Cie., p. 51.-Sullivan, 1962, California 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 272, pl. 13, figs. 17a, b. 

Stilostomella advena (Cushman and Laiming) = Nodogenerina 

advena Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, 

no. 2, p. 106, pl. 11, figs. 19a-b.-Sullivan, 1962, California 

Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 272, pl. 13, figs. 20, 21. 

Stilostomella lepidula (Schwager) =Nodosaria lepidula Schwager, 

1866, Novara Exped. 1857-1859, Wien, Osterreich., Geol. Theil, 

Bd. 2, Abt. 2, p. 210, pl. 15, figs. 27-28. 

Stilostomella sanctaecrucis Kleinpell, 1938, Miocene stratigraphy 

of California: Tulsa, Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, 

p. 246, pl. 4, fig. 22. 

Stilostomella wegimanni (Cole)= Nodogenerina wegimanni (Cole), 

Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 

273, pl. 13, figs. 22, 23. 

Textularia shivelyi Kleinpell, 1938, Miocene Stratigraphy of California: Tulsa Okla., Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 190, pl. 

1, figs. 5, 9. 

Textularia sp. of Fairchild and others, 1969, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 81, p. 32, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Trifarina hannai (Beck)= Angulogerina hannai Beck, 1943, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 17, no. 6, p. 607-608, pl. 108, figs. 26, 28. 

Trifarina wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton) = Virgulina wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton, 1932, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 8, pt. 3, p. 67, pl. 8, fig. 22. 

Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny, 1839, in de la Sagra, Ramon, 

Histoire physique et naturelle de l'Ile de Cuba: Paris, A. 

Bertrand, p. 106 (plates published separately). 

Uvigerina churchi Cushman and Siegfus, 1939, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 15, no. 2, p. 29, pl. 6, fig. 16. 

Uvigerina cocoaensis Cushman, 1925, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 2, pt. 2, p. 68, pl. 10, fig. 12. 

Uvigerina elongata Cole, 1927, Bulls. Am. Paleontology, v. 14, pt. 

51, p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 2, 3. 

Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 5, pt. 4, p. 94-95, pl. 13, figs. 33-34.-not 

Uvigerina gallowayi of Sullivan, 1962, California Univ. Pubs. 

Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 277, pl. 16, figs. 9a, b. 

Uvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, 1939, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 15, pt. 2, p. 28, pl. 6, figs. 15a, b. 

Uvigerina hispidocostata Cushman and Todd, 1945, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. no. 15, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 27, 31. 

Uvigerinella obesa impolita Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 111, pl. 12, figs. 11a-b.-Sullivan, 

1962, California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 276, pl. 

16, figs. lOa, b. 

Uvigerinella sparsicostata Cushman and Laiming, 1931, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 112, pl. 12, figs. 2a-b. 

Vaginulinopsis saundersi (Hanna and Hanna)= Cristellaria saundersi Hanna and Hanna, 1924, Washington Univ. Pub. Geology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 61, pl. 13, figs. 5, 6. 

Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny) = Rosalina araucana d'Orbigny, 1839, Voyage dans I' Amerique meridionale, v. 5, pt. 5, p. 44. 

Valvulineria californica Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 2, no. 3, p. 60, pl. 9, figs. la-c. 

Valvulineria tumeyensis Cushman and Simonson, 1944, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 18, p. 201, pl. 33, figs. 13-14.-Sullivan, 1962, 

California Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 37, no. 4, p. 280, pl. 17, figs. 

3a, b. c. 

Verneuilina sp. of Fairchild and others, 1969, California Univ. 

Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 81, p. 33, pl. 3, figs. 9a, b. 
78- STUDIES IN TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 

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A 

abbt·eviata, 11tt-ritilina, pl. 2 

tubul-lfem, Angulogerina., 17 

abisectus, Cyclicargolithus, 51, 53, 60 

acm·inata, Acarinina, 19, 42 

Acarinina aca.rinata, 19, 42 

coalingettsis, 19, 42 

densa, 7, 12 

mckannai, 19 

soldadoen.5is, 42 

wilcoxensis, 19 

Acknowledgments, 1. 5, 22, 1,1, 1,9, 62 

Actinocyclina a:;ter, 47 

Actinocythereis, 12 

acuta, Pleurostomella, 11, 16 

acuticosta, Lagena, 11, 71, 75; pl. 11 

acutus, AnomaUnoides, 10, 16, 19; pl. 

adamas, Zygodiscus, 31 

adelaidana, Bolivina marginata, 71, 72 

adolphina, Dentalina, 77 

Nodogenerina, 17 

Stilostomella, 64, 71, 77 

adunca, Glandulina, 76 

Marginulina, 11, 65, 71, 76 

advena, Bol.ivina, 71, 74 

Nodugenerina, 77 

Nodosarel/a, 16; pl. 4 

Stilostumella, 64, 69, 71, 77; pl. 13 

califomica, Trijarina, 28; pl. 3 

aequa. Morozovella, 19 

affin i.~. Nodo.~aria, 11 

Age, foraminifers, large, 1,.4 

alabamensis, Uvigerina, 11 

Alabamina wilcoxensis californica, 16, 22 

sp., 10 

alatolimbatus, Lenticulina, 10 

alazaensis, Marginulina, 65, 69, 76 

cubensis, Pleurostome/la, 17 

allen i, Cibicidoides, 7, 17 

alligata, Bulimina inf/ata, 71, 72, 74; pl. 14 

allomorphinoides, Valvulineria, 11 

Almgren, A. A., cited, 42 

altentans, Pleurostomella, 64, 68, 77; pl. 16 

altus, Chiasmolithu.5, 53, 56, 60 

Micmntholithus, 56; pl. 9 

americana, Thmcatulina, 74 

americanus, Cibicides, 71, 74 

cra.~.qiseptus. Cibicides, 71, 75; pl. 15 

Ammobaculite.~ cubensis, 17 

sp., 17 

Ammodiscus incertu.5, 69, 71, 74 

pennyi, 10, 16; pl. 1 

sp., 7 

Amphimorphina becki, 64, 68, 74; pl. 13 

califontica, 16 

ignota. 11, 16; pl. 2 

jenkinsi, 68 

jenkins! Zone, 53, 57. 59, 67, 68, 69, 73 

Amphipyndax plousios, 28 

Amphistegina, 46 

lopeztrigoi, 46 

parvula, 42, 1,6; pl. 6 

sp .• 42 

Amphisteginidae, 46 

ampliapertum, Globigerina. 52 

anarrhogus, Sphenolithus. 31 

angiporoides, Globigerina angiporoide.~. 52, 59 

angiporoides, Globigerina, 52, 59 

minima, Globigerina, 52, 59 

angulatum, Pemma, 38, 56, 61 

INDEX 

[Italic numbers indicate principal reference] 

Anguloget·ina abbreviata tubuli/em, 17 

cuneata, 10 

hannai, 77 

wilcoxensis, 10, 17, 28; pl. 3 

augusta, Pullenia quinque/oba, 17 

angustiumbilicata, Globigerina, 51 

Ario Nuevo area, 51 

Ario Nuevo section, 49, 51, 59, 60, 71. 74 

faunal assemblages, 74 

foraminifers, benthic, 71 

plankton. calcareous, 51 

Anomalina caltjorniensis, 65, 68, 69. 70, 71, 74; pl. 17 

crassisepta, 12, 22 

don·i, 28 

aragonensis, 22 

garzaensis, 17, 64, 68, 74; pl. 17 

salinasensi.q, 71, 74; pl. 17 

umbonata, 64 

Anomalinoides, 7 

acutus, 10, 16, 19; pl. 5 

aragonensis, 10, 12, 16; pl. 

cmssiseptu.5, 11, 13, 17; pl. 5 

danica rubiginosa, 7 

garzaen:;is, pl. 5 

judas, 10 

keeni, 10, 17; pl. 5 

regina, 16 

ntbiginosus, 19 

wellet·i, 10, 16, 19 

ansata, Non ionella, 17 

anti/lea, Lepidocyclina, 47 

antipoda, Lenticulina, 17 

antipodum, Lenticulina. 11 

applinae, Loxostomoides, 11; pl. 3 

approximata, Dentalina, 11 

m·agonensis, Anomalina don·i, 22 

Anomalinoides, 10, 12, 16; pl. 5 

Aragonia, 10. 16; pl. 2 

Globorotalia, 28 

Morozot!ella, 19 

Aragonia aragonen.~is, 11. 16; pl. 2 

amucana, Ro.qalina, 77 

Valvulineria, 71, 77; pl. 15 

arenasensis, Kan·eriel/a, 16 

Argi/loecia, 12 

arundinea, Nodosaria, 10, 16 

a.5pera, Clamtl inoides, 16 

asperuli/ormis, Vaginulinopsi.~. 11, 22; pl. 2 

Astacolus sp .. 71 

aster. Actinocyclina, 47 

Astemcyclina, 42. 1,7; pl. 6 

Asterigerina crassaformi.~. 11, 12, 13, 17, 22. 64, 74 

Asterocyc/ ina, I, 7 

a.~ter, 42, I, 7; pl. 6 

distribution, 42 

penonensis, 47 

astroporus, Markalius, 31 

asymbatos, Stichomitra, 28 

atlantisae hispidula, Ellipsonodosaria, 64, 68, 76 

hispidu/a, Nodosarella, 76; pl. 16 

auberiana, Uvigerina, 65, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 14 

Aubert, Jane, cited, 28, 41 

Avenal Sandstone Member, Kreyenhagen Formation, 

Devils Den Aqueduct section, 22 

Kreyenhagen Formation, Devils Den aqueduct 

section, age, 29 

Devils Den aqueduct section, Penutian Stage, 28 

foraminifers, large, 41 

Media Agua Creek area, 32 

age, 33 

worm tubes, 41 

B 

Baggatel/a califonzica, 17; pl. 

Baggina robusta, 71. 72, 74; pl. 15 

barbadiensis, Discoaste1·, 30, 38, 53, 56, 60; pl. 9 

barbati, Lenticulina, 71. 75; pl. 11 

Robulus, 75 

basiplanata, Dentalina, 10, 17 

basquensis, Micmntholithus, 56 

Pemma, 61 

Bathysiphun, 7. 12, 13, 21 

eocenica, 64, 69, 74 

eocenicus, 11. 13, 16. 19 

sp. B lsraelsky, 10 

spp., 64, 71 

beatus, Cibicidoides, 10, 11, 16; pl. 5 

beccariifonnis, Gavelinella, 19 

becki, Amphimorphina, 64, 68. 74; pl. 13 

Lagena, 65, 75 

belenmos, Sphenolithus, 51, 61 

Benthic, defined, 1 

Benthic foraminifers, 1, 5 

age assignments, 36 

Ario Nuevo section, 62 

central Coast Ranges, California, 22 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 22 

Eocene zonations, California, 41, 61 

Lodo Gulch area, 22 

Media Agua Creek area, 22 

San Joaquin Valley, 22 

San Lorenzo River section, 62, 63, 64, 65 

Santa Cruz Mountains. 62 

area, California, 61 

Zayante Creek section, 62, 69 

Benthonic, defined, 1 

Benthonic foraminiferal zones, 1, 22 

Ario Nuevo section, 62, 71 

central ranges of California, .t, 

Devils Den aqueduct area, 13, 22, 44 

Locatelli Formation, 19, 21 

Lodo Formation, 29 

Lodo Gulch area, 22, 29 

Mallory, 5, 22, 28, 33 

Media Agua Creek, 22 

Paleogene of California. summary, 36 

Rices Mudstone Member. 68 

San J:Jaquin Valley, 22. 33 

San Lorenzo Formation, 67, 68 

San Lorenzo River section, 62, 63, 73 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 61 

Twobar Shale Member, 67, 68 

Vaqueros Formation, 71 

Zayante Creek section, 62, 70 

Berggren, W. A .. cited, 28, 41, 42 

bidens, Chiasmolithus, 30 

Bifarina elegans, 68 

eleganta, 11, 64, 74; pis. 2, 15 

nuttalli, 11, 16, 28; pl. 2 

vicksburgensis, 10 

bigelowi, Braarudosphae1·a, 56, 60 

bijugatus, Zygrhablithus, 31, 38, 56, 61 

binodosus, Discoaster, 30, 38 

Biostratigraphy, foraminiferal, 7, 13 

nannofossils, calcareous, 38 

bisectus, Coccolithus, 38 

Dictyococcites, 30, 51, 52, 53, 56; 60; pl. 9 

Blow, W. H., cited, 49 

boffalorae, Nodosaria, 76 

Boldia hodgei, 64, 68, 74; pl. 17 

stratigraphic range, 73 

Bolivina advena, 71, 74 

83 
84 

Bolvina-Con tin ued 

crenulata, 19 

explicata californica, 11 

gracilis, 64, 74 

huneri, 16; pl. 3 

kleinpelli, 17, 64, 74; pl. 13 

marginata, 65, 69, 70, 71, 74; pis. 10, 13 

adelaidana, 71, 72 

pisciformis, 17 

scabrata, 64, 68, 74; pl. 13 

sp., 11, 64; pl. 13 

spp., 71 

Bolivinoides mexicanus, 65, 74; pl. 13 

bowen', Subbotina, 12 

Bmarudosphaera bigelowi, 56, 60 

discu/a, 30 

Brabb, E. E., cited, 1, 5, 22, 28, 39, 49, 52, 58, 63, 71 

Bracheux Sandstone, Paris Basin, 7 

bradburyi, Buliminella, 10, 16, 19; pl. 2 

bramlettei, Helicosphaera, 56, 61 

Virgulina, 75 

Bramletteius serraculoides, 56, 60; pl. 9 

bramletti, Fursenkoina, 65, 69, 71, 75; pl. 16 

brevispira, Turritilina, 10, 16 

Bukry, David, cited, 1, 22, 28, 29, 33, 36, 38, 49, 58 

Bulimina. 7 

callahani, 10, 12, 13, 16; pl. 3 

carneroensis, 71, 74; pis. 13, 14 

stratigraphic range, 72 

consanguina, 17 

corrugnta, 11. 22, 64, 68, 71, 74; pl. 14 

Zone, 68, 73 

curtissima, 10, 16, 64, 68, 74; pis. 3, 14 

debilis, 11, 28 

e/egantissima, 74 

excavata, 17, 28 

impendens, 10, 17; pl. 3 

in/lata, 65, 70 

al/igata, 71, 72, 74; pl. 14 

instabilis, 10, 16 

macilenta, 10, 16; pl. 3 

microcostata, 64, 68, 69, J74; pl. 14 

orphanensis, 12, 13 

ovata, 10, 77 

pupoides, 16, 77 

pyrula, 16 

sculptilis lacinata, 65, 68, 74; pl. 14 

sem icostata lacrima, 17 

trihedra, 17 

trinitatensis, 10, 12, 16; pl. 3 

truncanella, 17 

whitei, 11, 16; pl. 3 

sp., 10, 17 

spp., 71 

Bulim1:nella bradburyi, 10, 16, 19; pl. 2 

curta, 69, 71, 74 

elegantissima, 71, 74; pl. 13 

grata, 12 

convoluta, 10, 16, 22; pl. 2 

subfusiformis, 69, 71, 74 

sp., 64 

Bulitian Stage, 28, 29, 33, 36 

age, 29, 33, 36 

benthonic foraminiferal zones, 33 

type section, 33 

bulloides, Sphaeroidina, 69, 71, 77; pl. 13 

Burdigalian fauna, Europe, 1 

Butano Sandstone, Bear Creek area, 38 

Bear Creek area, age, 39 

coccoliths, 52 

foraminifers, benthic, 68 

benthic, agglutinated, 19, 21 

calcareous, 19, 21 

planktic, 19, 21 

Lompico area, 5, 19, 38 

age, 38 

nannofossils, 38 

paleobathymetry, 19, 21 

San Lorenzo River section, 63, 68 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 5, 13, 19, 21 

INDEX 

c 

calathus, Ckiphragmalithus, 30 

calcar, Lenticulina, 69, 71, 75; pl. 11 

Nautilus, 75 

California, basement rocks, 4 

Eocene rocks, 4 

marine strata, 58 

Paleogene benthonic foraminiferal stages, 22 

Paleogene, summary, 36 

paleogeography, 4 

provincial stages, 5, 38 . 

tectonic evolution during Mesozoic and Cenozoic 

time, 4 

Tertiary, map, 4 

California Tertiary stages, 1. 5 

Ano Nuevo section, 52, 59, 62, 72, 74 

Avenal Sandstone, 28 

benthonic foraminiferal stages. 1, 4, 22, 29, 36, 41, 

62, 72 

Bulitian Stage, 28, 29, 33, 36 

Cheneyan Stage, 36, 38 

Church Creek area, 58 

Delmontian Stage, 1 

Devils Den aqueduct area, 22, 36, 44 

Kleinpell, 1, 72, 73 

Lambert Shale, 71 

Lodo Formation, type, 29, 32, 33, 36 

Lodo Gulch area, 29, 36 

Mallory, 1, 5, 22, 28, 29, 33 

Martinez Stage, 7 

Media Agua Creek area. 33, 36 

Mohnian Stage, 1 

nannoplankton zones, 1, 22, 28, 29, 36 

Narizian boundary, 73 

Narizian-Refugian boundary, 59 

Narizian Stage, 28, 33, 36, 42, 53, 59, 62, 67, 68, 69, 

70, 72, 73 

Penutian Stage, 28, 29, 33, 36, 44 

planktonic foraminiferal zones, 1, 22, 36, 41, 59 

Refugian Stage, 53, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70, 73 

Refugian-Zemorrian boundary, 53, t\9, 73 

Relizian Stage, 52, 62, 72, 74 

San Lorenzo River section, 53, 59, 62, 67, 68, 70, 73 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 62 

Saucesian-Relizian boundary, '52 

Saucesian Stage, 52, 59, 71, 72, 7 4 

1\vobar Shale Member, 68 

Ulatisian-Narizian boundary, 29 

Ulatisian Stage, 29, 33, 36, 42, 67, 68 

Ynezian-Bulitian boundary, 29, 33 

Ynezian Stage, 28, 29. 33, 36 

Zayante Creek section, 59, 62, 70, 74 

Zemorrian boundary, 70, 71, 73 

Zemorrian Stage, 36, 38, 52, 53, 58, 59, 69, 70, 71, 72, 

73 

Zemorrian-Saucesian boundary, 52, 59, 72, 73, 74 

californica, Alabamina wilcoxensis, 16, 22 

Amphimorphina, 16 

Baggatella, pl. 4 

Bolivina explicata, 11 

Discocyclina, 46, 48 

Globorotalia, 28 

Plectofrondicularia, 71, 76 

Silicosigmoilina, 10, 17, 19; pl. 1 

Trifarina advena, 10, 17, 28; pl. 3 

Valvulineria, 71, 72, 77 

cal1jornicus, Chiasmolithus, 30, 38 

Clavulinoides, 10, 16; pl. 1 

cal1jorniensis, Anomalina, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74; pl. 17 

Cassidulinoides, 65, 70, 74; pl. 13 

Fursenkoina, 64, 75; pl. 16 

Virgulina, 75 

callahani, Bulimina, 10, 12, 13, 16; pl. 3 

Camerina striatoreticulata, 45 

Camerina willcoxi, 45 

Campylosphaera dela, 30, 56, 60 

eodela, 30, 51, 60 

Canada de Santa Anita, 73 

cancellata, Cyclammina, 71 

obesa, Cyclammina, 75; pl. 10 

Canoas Siltstone Member, Kreyenhagen Shale, age, 36 

Kreyenhagen Shale, Garza Creek, 36 

Oil City, 36 

carcoselleensis, Globo1·otaloides, 59 

can:natu.~. Triquetrorhabdulus, 51, 61 

carneroensis, Bulimina, 71, 74; pis. 13. 14 

cm·ten·, Helicosphaera, 51. 61 

Cassidulina cmssipunctata. 65, 69, 70, 71, 74; pl. 16 

diversa, 64, 74; pl. 16 

globosa, 11, 16, 75 

mm·gareta, 71, 74 

sp., 71 

spp., 64 

Cassidulinoides cal1jorniensis, 65, 70,' 74; pl. 13 

Catapsydrax unicavus, 51 

Caucasina schencki, 22 

cavus, Coccolithus, 30 

Cenozoic formations, western North America, 

correlation, 1 

cerroazulen.~is, Globorotalia, 59 

Globorotalia cerroazulensis, 52 

cerroazu/ensis, Globorotalia, 52 

charoides, Glomospira, 17, 19 

chehalisensis, Lenticulina, 65, 75 

Robulus, 75 

Cheneyan Stage, age, 36, 38 

Chiasmolithus, 61 

altus, 53, 56, 60 

bidens, 30 

californicus, 30, 38 

consuetus, 30, 38 

expansus, 30, 38, 56, 60 

gigas, 30, 38 

Zone, 31 

grandis, 30, 56, 60 

solitus, 30, 56, 60 

sp., 51 

childsi, Valvulineria, 10, 16 

Ckiloguembelina cubensis, 59; pl. 7 

midwayensis subcylind1·ica, 28 

sp., 59 

Chilostomella sp., 64, 71 

Chilostomelloides cylindroides, 10 

sp., 17 

Chiphragmalithus calathus, 30 

chiranus, Robulu.~. 69, 76 

Church Creek area, 49, 58 

plankton, calcareous, 58 

Santa Lucia Range, 49, 59 

Church Creek Formation, Church Creek area, 49, 58 

Church Creek area, age, 59 

coccoliths, 58 

foraminifers, planktic, 49, 58, 59 

Santa Lucia Range, 49, 58 

zone assignments, 59 

churchi, Uvigerina, 64, 68, 77; pl. 14 

Cibicides americanus, 71, 74 

americanus crassiseptus, 71. 75; pl. 15 

cocoaensis, 11 

cushmani, 74 

elmaensis, 65, 68, 73, 75 

stratigraphic range, 73 

jalconensis, 64, 75 

felix, 11 

floridanus, 69, 71, 75; pl. 15 

grimsdalei, 17 

haydoni, 65, 69, 75; pl. 15 

Subzone, Donnelly, lower Refugian, 68 

hodgei, 74 

kernensis, 11, 17, 28 

laimingi, 22 

martinezensis, 11, 16 

pachyderma, 17, 64, 68, 75 

praecursorius, 11 

pseudoungerianus evolutus, 65, 69, 71, 75; pl. 16 

spiropunctata, 68 

spiropunctatus, 11, 22, 64, 75; pl. 16 

sp., of Mallory, 16 

sp. B, 17 

sp., 69 
Ci bi cides-Con ti nued 

spp., 64, 71 

Cib1:cidina mauricensis, 17 

Cibicidoides, 7 

alieni, 7, 17 

beatus, 10, 11, 16; pl. 5 

cushmani, 17 

eponidiformis, 10, 16 

fortunatus, 10, 13, 16; pl. 5 

grimsdalei, pl. 5 

mart·inezensis, 19 

pseudowuellorstorfi, 16 

spiropunctatus, 16 

whitei, 10, 16, 19; pl. 5 

Claiborne Group, Gulf Coast, 42 

Clark, J. C., cited, 1, 19, 22, 39, 49, 63, 71 

Clark, Joseph, cited, 5 

clarki, Cyclammina, 17; pl. 1 

Discocyclina, 47 

Orthophragmina, 47 

Pseudophrag1m:na, 42 

(Proporocyclina), 4 7; pl. 6 

Clavulina patens, 76 

Clavulinoides, 7 

aspera, 16 

californicus, 10, 16; pl. 1 

sp., 7 

clypeifonwis, Lenticulina, 69, 71, 76; pl. 11 

coaledensis, Lenticulina, 65, 76 

Robulus, 76 

coalingensis, Acarinina, 19, 42 

Gaudryina, 17; pl. 1 

jacksonensis, 10, 28 

Haplaphragmoides, 10, 16 

Coast Ranges, Calif., 2 

foraminifers, large, Eocene, 41 

stratigraphy, 1 

Coccolith assemblages, Afio Nuevo section, 51 

Church Creek area, 58 

northern California, 60 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 53 

Zayante Creek section, 52 

zone assignments, 51, 59 

Coccolith, 49, 51 

distribution, 51 

sample preparation, 59 

sp., Deep Sea Drilling Project cores, 60 

Europe, 60 

Gulf Coast, 60 

illustration references, 60 

indeterminate, 61 

undifferentiated, 61 

zonation, 49 

Coccolith zones, Afio Nuevo section, 51, 74 

Bukry, 51, 53, 56 

Church Creek area, 58 

Church Creek Formation, 58 

Lambert Shale, 52 

Rices Mudstone Member, 52, 53 

San Lorenzo Formation, 52, 53 

San Lorenzo River section, 53, 73 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 49 

Santa Lucia Range, 49 

'1\vobar Shale Member, 53 

Vaqueros Formation, 51 

Vaqueros Sandstone, 52 

Zayante Creek section, 52, 74 

Coccolithus, 61 

bisectus, 38 

cavus, 30 

crassus, 29, 30 

cribellum, 30, 56, 60 

eopelagicus, 30, 38 

formosus, 53, 56, 60; pl. 9 

magnicrassus, 30 

pelagicus, 30, 38, 53 

staurion, 56, 60 

subdistichus, 30 

spp., 51, 56 

cocoaensis, Cibicides, 11 

INDEX 

cocoaensis-Continued 

Dentalina, 65, 75 

Nodosaria, 75 

Uvigerina, 68, 69, 73, 77 

Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 5, 39 

Colburn, I. P., cited, 42 

Cole, W. S., cited, 46 

colei, Tritaxilina, 11, 13, 16; pl. 1 

collactea, Truncorotaloides, 59 

coloratus, Lenticulina, 71 

columbiana, Giimbelitria, 59, 60; pl. 7 

communis, Dentalina, 11 

compacta, Helicosphaera, 56, 61 

concinnus, Heliorthus, 38 

condoni, Eponides, 75 

G!Jroidina, 64, 75 

conicus, Sphenolithus, 51, 61 

Conotrochammina spp., 17 

consanguina, Bulimina, 17 

constricta, Nodosarella, 16 

consuetus, Chiasmolithus, 30, 38 

contortus, Trochamminoides, 16 

convergens, Lenticulina, 17 

convoluta, Bulimine/la grata, 22; pl. 2 

cooperensis, Dentalina, 71, 75; pl. 11 

Corals, 1 

Correlation chart, standard, based on benthic 

foraminifers, 1 

standard, based on mollusks, echinoids, and corals, 

1 

for marine Cenozoic formations of western 

North America, 1 

Correlation, summary, faunal assemblages, 72 

corrugata, Bulimina, 11, 22, 64, 68, 71, 74; pl. 14 

costata, Entosolenia, 75 

Lagena, 65, 71, 75 

costifera, Nonionella, 69, 71, 76 

Nonionina, 76 

cmssaformis, Asterigerina, 11, 12, 13, 17, 22, 64, 74 

crassipunctata, Ca.~sidulina, 65, 69, 70, 71, 74; pl. 16 

crassisepta., Anomalina, 12, 22 

crassiseptus, Anoma/inoides, 11, 13, 17; pl. 5 

Cibicides americanus, 71, 75; pl. 15 

crassus, Coccolithus, 29, 30 

craticulus, Thweius, 31 

crebra, Rhabdo.~phaera, 31 

crenulata, Bolivina, 19 

cribellum, Coccolithu.~. 30, 56, 60 

Cribrostomoides sp., 17 

cristata, Nannotetrina, 38 

Cristellaria midwayensis, 76 

saundersi, 77 

simplex, 76 

crow/en·, Lagena, 11 

cruc1jonnis, Discoaster, 30 

Cruciplacolithus staurion, 30 

tenuis, 56, 60 

Zone, 36 

cubana, Dorothia, 64, 67, 75; pl. 10 

Gaudryina, 75 

cubensis, A mmobacu/ ites, 17 

Chi/oguembelina, 59; pl. 7 

Dorothia, 17 

Gumbelina, 59 

Plectina, 13, 17 

Pleurostomella alazanen.~is, 17 

cultratus, Lenticulina, 76 

Robulus, 76 

cuneata, Angulogen·na, 10 

curta, Buliminella, 69, 71. 74 

Vulvulina, 10, 16 

curtissima, Bulimina, 10, 16, 64, 68, 74; pis. 3, 14 

curvatura, Marginulina, 10 

cushmani, Cibicides, 74 

Cibicidoides, 17 

Cy~lammina, 7, 12, 19 

cancellata, 71 

obesa, 75; pl. 10 

clarki, 17; pl. 1 

incisa, 17, 69, 75; pl. 1 

Cyclammina-Continued 

pacifica, 65, 75 

simiensis, 11, 13, 16, 19; pl. 1 

sp., 69 

spp., 65, 69, 71 

Cyclicargolithus abisectus, 51, 53, 60 

floridanus, 30, 38, 51, 53, 56, 60 

luminus, 56, 60 

neogammation, 60 

Cyclococcolithinaformosa, 30 

gammation, 30, 56, 60 

kingi, 56, 60 

p1'0toannula, 60 

pseudogammation, 30 

Cyclococcolithusformosus, 38 

in l!ersus, 38 

luminus, 60 

Cyclolithe/la inflexa, 38 

cylindroides, Chilostomel/oides, 10 

Cymbaloporidae, 47 

Cytherella, 12 

D 

Daktylethra punctulata, 56, 60; pl. 9 

danica rubiginosa, Anomalinoides, 7 

dam·illensis, Pseudoparrella, 64 

debilis, Bulimina, 11, 28 

Deep Sea Drilling Project sites, 12 

Definition, Lodo Formation, 39 

deflaudrei, Discoaster, 30, 51, 53, 60; pl. 9 

deflata, Haplaphragmoides, 65, 75; pl. 10 

de/a, Campy/osphaera, 30, 56, 60 

delicatus, Discoaster, 38 

deliciae, Nodosaria, 10, 16 

Delmontian Stage of Kleinpell, 1 

densa, Acarinina, 7, 12 

Dentalina adolphina, 77 

approximata, 11 

ba.~iplanafa, 10, 17 

cocoaensis, 65, 75 

COII/11/UIIis, 11 

cooperensi.~. 71, 75; pl. 11 

jacksonensis, 11, 16, 65, 75 

multilineata, 11 

quadrulata, 69, 71, 72, 75; pl. 11 

.~oluta, 65 

spinosa, 10, 16 

ornatior, 64, 75; pl. 11 

substrigata, 10 

1cilcoxe11Sis, 11 

sp., 69, 71; pl. 11 

spp., 10 

Devils Den, Calif., 2, 4 

Devils Den area, 4, 41, 44 

aqueduct section, 13, 21, 22 

age, 36 

Bulitian Stage, 28 

conclusions, 29 

foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 13 

foraminifers, benthic, 7 

benthic, stages, 22, 28, 29 

planktic, 21 

nannoplankton, 28 

Narizian Stage, 22, 28 

paleobathymetry, 13 

Penutian Stage, 28 

rock units, 22 

Ulatisian Stage, 28 

Ynezian Stage, 28 

comparison, 33 

foraminifers, large, 41, 44 

Kern County, Calif., 5, 19, 22 

locality descriptions, 48 

stratigraphy, 41 

diastypus, Discoaster, ao 

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., cited, 4, 33, 36, 41 

dibollensis, Fursenkoina, 64, 75; pl. 16 

Virgulina, 75 

85 
86 

dictyoda, Reticulofenestra, 31, 38 

Dictyococcites bisectus, 30, 51, 52, 53, 56, 60; pl. 9 

hesslandii, 38 

scrippsae, 30, 51, 53, 56, 60 

Dictyomitra multicostata, 28 

directa, Plectofrondicularia miocenica, 71, 76; pl. 12 

Spiroplectammina, 16, 65, 77; pis. 1, 10 

Spiroplectoides, 77 . 

Discoaster barbadiensis, 30, 38, 53, 56, 60; pl. 9 

barbadiensis Zone, 31, 53, 56, 58, 73 

I Helicopontosphaera reticulata Zone, 31 

bifax Subzone, 53, 56 

binodosus, 30, 38 

Zone, 31 

cruciformis, 30 

deflandrei, 30, 51, 53, 60; pl. 9 

delicatus, 38 

diastypus, 30 

Zone, 28, 29, 31, 33 

boundary, 29 

distinctus, 30, 38 

divaricatus, 51, 53, 61 

elegans, 30, 56, 61 

exilis, 51, 61 

gemmifer, 30 

germanicus, 30 

helianthus, 30 

lenticularis, 30 

lodoensis, 30, 38, 51, 53, 56, 61 

Zone, 13, 29, 31, 33, 44 

mirus, ~o. 38 

mohleri Zone, 29, 32, 33 

multiradiatus, 30 

Zone, 29, 31, 33 

nobilis, 30 

Zone, 29,33 

nodifer, 30, 56, 61; pl. 9 

nonaradiatus, 30 

saipanensis, 30, 38, 53, 56, 61; pl. 9 

Subzone, 53, 56 

Zone-Discoaster barbadiensis Zone boundary, 

73 

strictus, 30 

Zone, 31 

sublodoensis, 29, 31, 33 

Zone, 13, 29, 31, 33 

tani, 31, 56, 61 

ornatus, 31 

tribrachiatus, 61 

variabilis, 51, 61 

wemmelensis, 31 

spp., 51 

Discoasteroides kuepperi, 31 

kuepperi Zone, 31 

megastypus, 31 

Discoasters, Paleocene, 38 

Discocyclina cali/ornica, 46, 48 

californica, holotype, 42 

clarki, 47 

sp., 42 

(Discocyclina) marginata, 42, 46 

(Discocyclina) marginata, Discocyclina, 42, 46 

Discocyclinidae, 46 

classification, 46 

Discolithina, 61 

distincta, 61 

multipara, 51, 61 

plana, 30, 31, 51, 53, 61 

spp., 53 

Discolithus distinctus, 56 

pulcheroides, 61 

spp., 56 

discula, Braarudosphaera, 30 

Discussion, Lodo Formation, 99 

plankton, calcareous, 59 

dissimilis, Sphenolithus, 51, 53, 61 

distincta, Discolithina, 61 

distinctus, Discoaster, 30, 38 

Discolithus, 56 

divaricatus, Discoaster, 51, 53, 61 

diversa, Cassidulina, 64, 74; pl. 16 

INDEX 

Domengine Formation, age, 36 

foraminifers, large, 42 

Mount Diablo area, age, 42 

Oil City, 36 

Domengine Sandstone, 7 

Lodo Gulch, 39 

age, 36 

Donnelly, A. T., cited, 62, 68 

dor/i, Eponides, 17 

Dorothia, 7 

cubana, 64, 67, 75; pl. 10 

cubensis, 17 

excentrica, 10, 11 

germanica, 17; pl. 1 

principiensis, 17 

sp., 11 

dorri, Anomalina, 28 

aragonensis, Anomalina, 22 

dubia, Marginulina, 69, 76 

dubius, Neochiastozygus, 39 

Neococcolithes, 31 

Zygolithus, 56, 61; pl. 9 

E 

Early Zemorrian-late Zemorrian boundary, 70, 71, 73 

echinata, Vaginulinopsis, 16 

Echinoids, 1 

Eggerella elongata, 64, 68, 69, 75; pl. 10 

subconica, 64, 75; pl. 10 

sp., 11 

eggeri, Haplaphragmoides, 13, 16 

elegans, Bi/arina, 68 

Discoaster, 30, 56, 61 

eleganta, Bi/arina, 11, 64, 74; pis. 2, 15 

Siphogenerina, 7 4 

elegantissima, Bulimina, 74 

Buliminella, 71, 74; pl. 13 

Ellipsolithus macellus, 31 

Ellipsonodosaria atlantisae hispidula, 64, 68, 76 

elmaensis, Cibicides, 65, 68, 73, 75 

elongata, Eggerella, 64, 68, 69, 75; pl. 10 

Hyperammina, 19 

Karreriella, 11, 64, 68, 75; pl. 11 

Uvigerina, 7, 11, 17, 64, 77; pis. 3, 14 

Elphidium sp., 71 

eminens, 7bweius, 31 

entaster, Micrantholithus, 31 

Entosolenia costata, 75 

squamosa hexagona, 75 

eocaena, Globigerina, 59 

Eocene foraminifers, large, Coast Ranges, Calif., 41 

Eocene rocks, California, 4 

Eocene stages of Mallory, 1 

Eocene-Oligocene boundary, San Lorenzo River 

section, 53 

eocenica, Bathysiphon, 64, 69, 74 

Gonatosphaera, 16 

Hoeglundina, 19 

Martinottiella, 16, 64, 76; pis. 1, 11 

Pullenia, 10, 16 

Rhabdammina, 10, 13, 16, 19, 64, 77; pl. 10 

eocenicus, Bathysiphon, 13, 19 

Eoconuloides, 46 

lopeztrigoi, 42, 46; pl. 6 

parvulus, 46 

wellsi, 42, 46; pl. 6 

eodela, Campylosphaera, 30, 51, 60 

Eo/abiana, 4 7 

grahami, 42, 47; pl. 6 

eopelagicus, Coccolithus, 30, 38 

epigona-lata, Rzehakina, 19 

Epistomina partschiana, 10, 17 

Epistominella spp., 71 

Eponides condoni, 75 

dor/i, 17 

lodensis, 11, 28 

minima, 17 

primus, 7, 11, 16 

umbonatus, 16 

sp., 10, 16, 17, 65 

eponidiformis, Cibicidoides, 10, 16 

Ericsonia subpertusa, 38 

euphratis, Helicosphaera, 51, 53, 61 

Europe, Oligocene, 1 

Eustatic sea-level change, identified by seismic 

stratigraphic methods, 21 

evolutus, Cibicides pseudoungerianus, 65, 69, 71, 75; 

pl. 16 

ewaldi, Nodosaria, 10, 16 

excavata, Bulimina, 17, 28 

excavatus, Haplaphragmoides, 11, 13,.17, 19 

excentrica, Dorothia, 10, 11 

exilis, Discoaster, 51, 61 

exima, Marginulina, 65, 76 

expansus, Chiasmolithus, 30, 38, 56, 60 

explicata californica, Bolivina, 11 

F 

falconensis, Cibicides, 64, 75 

fallax, Karreria, 11 

Fasciculithus involutus, 31 

mitreus, 31 

schaubi, 31 

tympani/armis, 31, 38 

Zone, 38 

Faunal assemblages, correlation, summary, 72 

Faunas, Coast Range sections, 1 

Coast Ranges, California, 2 

Paleogene, 1 

Faulting, Paleogene sequences, 4 

felix, Cibicides, 11 

Field Conference on the Paleogene, of the International 

Commission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, 

1, 5, 49, 62 

Field numbers, key, 67 

Fissurina sp., 69 

/lintensis, Orthophragmina, 47 

Proporocyclina, 47 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina), 42, 46, 47; 

pl. 6 

(Pseudophragmina), 47 

floridana, 7htncatulina, 75 

floridanus, Cibicides, 69, 71, 75; pl. 15 

Cyclicargolithus, 30, 38, 51, 53, 56, 60 

Florilus, 12 

florinense, 7 

florinensis, 11 

Florilus-Eponides-Uvigerina assemblage, 13 

florinense, Florilus, 7 

florinensis, Florilus, 11 

flos, Micrantholithus, 56, 61 

Flysch assemblage, classic, characteristics, 19 

Flysch faunas, Paleogene, Carpathians, 21 

Paleogene, North Atlantic, 21 

Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 7, 19 

Foraminiferal data, synthesis, 36 

Foraminiferal stages of Mallory, 5, 29 

Foraminiferal zones, 36 

benthic, 62 

planktic, 36, 62 

Foraminifers, Angola, 21 

Aquitaine Basin, 21 

benthic, 1, 7, 12, 36, 41, 61 

age assignments, 36 

Afio Nuevo section, 62 

agglutinated, 7, 12, 19, 21 

assemblages, 7, 72 

calcareous, 7, 19 

California Coast Ranges, 22, 41, 62 

correlate West Coast zonal schemes, 62 

Church Creek area, 58 

Devils Den section, 7 

Eocene, 41, 61 

Lodo Gulch section, 7, 19 

Miocene, 61 

provincial stages, California, 1, 36 

Refugian Stage, 58 

San Lorenzo River section, 62, 69, 64, 65 
Foraminifers-Continued 

benthic-Continued 

Santa Cruz Mountains area, California, 61 

Tertiary zonal scheme, 62 

vertical distribution, 22 

Zayante Creek section, 62, 69 

cosmopolitan, 21 

Thnisia, 12 

faunas, Coast Range sections, 1 

flysch faunas, Paleogene, 12 

large, age, 42, 44 

Avenal Sandstone, 41 

Coast Ranges, California, 41 

correlations, 44 

deposition, 41 

Devils Den area, 41, 44 

distribution, 41 

Domengine Formation, 42 

Eocene, Coast Ranges, California, 41 

evolution, 41 

Miocene, 61 

Mount Diablo area, 41, 42 

Pacific Coast assemblages, 41 

San Jose area, 42 

Sveadal area, 44 

Temblor Formation, 44 

Lodo Formation, type section, 7, 40 

Midway Group, 12 

Orphan Knoll, 12, 21 

Pacific affinities, 21 

planktic, 7, 13, 19, 36, 44, 49, 58, 62 

Ailo Nuevo section, 51 

Butano Sandstone, 19 

Church Creek Formation, 49, 58, 59 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 13 

Locatelli Formation, 19 

Lodo Formation, type, 7, 13 

Lodo Gulch area, 13 

marine strata, California, 58 

occurrence, 59 

Refugian Stage, 58 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 59 

taxonomic notes, 59 

Zayante Creek section, 52 

zonation, 7, 13, 41, 49, 52, 59 

Zones P19 and P20, 74 

siliceous molds, 72 

formosa, Cyclococcolithina, 30 

Morozovella, 42 

formosus, Coccolithus, 53, 56, 60; pl. 9 

Cyclococcolithus, 38 

fortunatus, Cibicidoides, 10, 13, 16; pl. 5 

Franciscan basement rocks, 4 

relation to granitic basement rocks, 4 

frankei, Guttulina, 65, 75 

Prondicularia naheolensis, 11 

tenuissima, 69, 75 

frontosa, Subbotina, 7, 12 

fulgens, Nannotetrina, 31 

furcatolithoides, Sphenolithus, 31, 56, 61; pl. 9 

F'ursenkoina bramletti, 65, 69, 71, 75; pl. 16 

californiensis, 64, 75; pl. 16 

dibollensis, 64, 75; pl. 16 

zetina indirecta, 11, 17 

G 

gallowayi, Pseudoglandulina, 77 

Pseudonodosaria, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 12 

Uvigerina, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 14 

gammation, Cyclococcolithina, 30, 56, 60 

gardnerae, Marginulina, 11 

garzaensis, Anomalina, 17, 64, 68, 74; pl. 17 

A nomalinoides, pl. 5 

Plectina, 64, 76; pl. 11 

Plectofrondicularia, 17 

Uvigerina, 65, 68, 77; pl. 14 

nudorobusta, Uvigerina, 69 

Gaudryina, 19 

coalingensis, 17; pl. 1 

cubana, 75 

INDEX 

Gaudryina-Continued 

gracilis, 69, 70, 71; pl. 10 

jacksonensis coalingensis, 10, 28 

laevigata, 10, 16; pl. 1 

macrocamerata, 10 

triangularis, 69, 75; pl. 10 

Gavelinella beccariiformis, 19 

gemma, Globorotalia, 59 

gemmifer, Discoaster, 30 

germanica, Dorothia, 17; pl. 1 

germanicus, Discoaster, 30 

gibba globosa, Globulina, 17 

gigas, Chiasmolithus, 30, 38 

glabra, Marginulina, 11 

Glandulina adunca, 76 

inflata, 77 

laevigata, 11, 75 

sp., 11 

(Glandulina) laevigata, Nodosaria, 75 

Glauconite, 7, 68, 69 

potassium-argon date, Lodo Formation, 7 

Globigerina, 60 

ampliapertura, 52 

angiporoides angiporoides, 52, 59 

minima, 52, 59 

angustiumbilicata, 51 

eocaena, 59 

juvenilis, 51 

minima, 59 

officinalis, 59 

ouachitaensis, 59 

praebulloides, 51, 52, 59 

praeturritilina, 59; pl. 8 

pseudovenezuelana, 59 

senilis, 59 

tripartita, 51, 59 

turritilina praeturritilina, 59 

utilisindex, 59 

woodi, 51 

Globigerinatheka index, 59 

mexicana, 59 

globigeriniformis, Trochammina, 16 

Globigerinita martini, 59 

pritestainforthi, 51 

Globigerinoides higginsi, 52, 59 

Globobulimina pacifica, 65, 69, 71, 75; pl. 14 

sp., 10 

Globocassidulina globosa, 65, 69, 75; pl. 4 

Globorotalia aragonensis, 28 

californica, 28 

cerroazulensis, 59 

cerroazulensis, 52 

gemma, 59 

marginodentata, 28 

munda, 51, 60; pl. 8 

nana, 51, 60; pl. 8 

opima nana, 60 

pseudochapmani, 28 

pseudocontinuosa, 60 

sp., 60; pl. 8 

Globorotaloides carcoselleensis, 59 

suteri, 51. 52, 59 

wilsoni, 59 

globosa, Cassidulina, 11, 16, 75 

Globocassidulina, 65, 69, 75; pl. 4 

Globulina gibba, 17 

Globulina gibba globosa, 17 

irregularis, 75 

lacrima, 17 

Glomospira charoides, 17, 19 

Goesella sp., 11 

Gonatosphaera eocenica, 16 

sp., 17 

Goudkoff, P. R., cited, 36 

gracilis, Bolivina, 64, 74 

Gaudryina, 69, 70, 71; pl. 10 

Siphonodosaria, 17 

gracillis, Morozovella, 42 

grahami, Eofabiana, 42, 47; pl. 6 

grandis, Chiasmolithus, 30, 56; 60 

grata, Buliminella, 12 

convoluta, Buliminella, 10, 16, 22; pl. 2 

Great Valley, Paleogene, 4 

Great Valley sequence, 2 

87 

Gredal Shale Member, Kreyenhagen Formation, 5, 13, 

21, 22,33 

Kreyenhagen Formation, age, 29 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 13, 22, 33, 36 

age, 29, 36 

time-stratigraphic relations, 33 

Devils Den area, 5, 19, 30, 48 

fauna, 19 

cosmopolitan, 21 

Pacific affinities, 21 

Media Agua Creek area, 33, 36 

Media Agua Creek section, boundary, 33 

age, 33,36 

correlation, 36 

San Joaquin Valley, 33 

time-stratigraphic relations, 33 

samples, 5 

gredalensis, Pleurostomella, 11 

grimsdalei, Cibicides, 17 

Cibicidoides, pl. 5 

GUmbelitria columbiana, 59, 60; pl. 7 

Guttulinafrankei, 65, 75 

irregularis, 65, 75 · 

gyrata, Nodosaria, 10, 64; pl. 11 

Gyroidina condoni, 64, 75 

orbicularis obliquata, 17 

planata, 11, 64, 69, 71', 75; pl. 17 

soldanii, 65, 71, 75 

octocamerata, 10, 17 

sp., 69,71 

Gyroidinoides subangulata, 16 

gyroscalprum, Lenticulina, 10 

halkyardi, Nonion, 65, 76 

hannai, Angulogerina, 77 

H 

Trifarina, 65, 77 

hantkeni, Saracenaria, 65 

Hantkenina sp., 59 

Haplophragmium incisum, 75 

Haplophragmoides, 7 

coalingensis, 10, 16 

de/lata, 65, 75; pl. 10 

eggeri, 13, 16 

excavatus, 11, 13, 17, 19 

nonionelloides, 10 

obliquicameratus, 19 

sp., 13, 69, 71; pl. 10 

sp. 1, 65; pl. 10 

spp., 10, 16, 64 

haydoni, Cibicides, 65, 69, 75; pl. 15 

Planulina, 75 

helianthus, Discoaster, 30 

Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta Zone, 74 

lophota, 31 

seminulum, 31 

Helicosphaera, 61 

ampliaperta Zone, 51 

bramlettei, 56, 61 

carteri, 51, 61 

compacta, 56, 61 

euphratis, 51, 53, 61 

intermedia, 51, 53, 61 

lophota, 56 

obliqua, 53, 61 

perch nielsenasae, 53, 61 

recta, 53, 61 

seminulum, 38, 56 

spp., 51 

Heliolithus riedeli Zone, 7 

Heliorthus concinnus, 38 

hesslandii, Dictyococcites, 38 

heteromorphus, Sphenolithus, 51, 61; pl. 9 

hexg.gona, Entosole:nia squamosa, 75 

Lagena, 65, 71, is 
88 

Hiatus, between Moreno Shale and type U>do 

Formation, 29 

between Panoche Formation and U>do Formation, 

33 

higginsi, Globogerinoides, 52, 59 

hillae, Reticulofenestra, 31 

hispidocostata, Uvigerina, 77 

hispidula, Ellipsonodosaria atlantisae, 64, 68, 76 

Nodosarella atlantisae, 76; pl. 16 

hodgei, Boldia, 64, 68, 74; pl. 17 

Cibicides, 74 

Hoeglundina eocenica, 19 

sp., 11 

holserica, Nodosaria, 69, 70, 76 

hughesi, Siphogenerina, 71, 72, 77 

huneri, Bolivina, 16; pl. 3 

Hyperammina elongata, 19 

ignota, Amphimorphina,11, 16; pl. 2 

Nodosarella, 16 

impendens, Bulimina, 10, 17; pl. 3 

imperialis, Quinqueloculina, 65, 77 

hnpiaster obscurus, 38 

impolita, Uvigerinella obesa, 71, 77 

inaequispira, Subbotina, 7, 12 

incerta, Opercui'ina, 74 

incertus, Ammodiscus, 69, 71, 74 

incisa, Cyclammina, 17, 69, 75; pl. 1 

Nonionella, 76 

Nonionina, 76 

kernensis, Nonionella, 71, 76 

incisum, Haplophragmium, 75 

kernensis, Nonion, 76 

index, Globigerinatheka, 59 

indirecta, Fursenkoina zetina, 11, 17 

indiscriminata, Planorotalites, 28 

Valvulineria, 28 

injlata, Bulimina, 65, 70 

alligata, Bulimina, 71, 72, 74; pl. 14 

Glandulina, 77 

Pseudonodosaria, 64, 69, 71, 77 

Rhabdosphaera, 29, 31 

injlexa, Cyclolithella, 38 

inornata, Lenticulina, 11, 65, 69, 76 

Robulus, 76 

instabilis, Bulimina, 10, 16 

insuetus, Lenticulina, 64, 76; pis. 11, 12 

Robulus, 76 

intermedia, Helicosphaera, 51, 53, 61 

International Stratigraphic Guide, 5, 39 

International Commission on Paleogene Stratigraphy, 

1, 5, 49, 62 

Introduction, 1, 5, 22, 41, 49, 62 

inversus, Cyclococcolithus, 38 

involutus, Fasciculithus, 31 

irregularis, Globulina, 75 

Guttulina, 65, 75 

Israelsky, M. C., cited, 5, 29, 39 

sample collection, 5, 7 

samples, U>do Formation, type area, 7, 39 

section A, 39, 40 

section B, 39, 40 

/sthmolithus recurvus, 31, 53, 61 . 

recurvus to Coccolithus subdistichus zone, 31 

J, K 

jacksonensis, Dentalina, 11, 16, 65, 75 

Siphonina, 11, 17; pl. 4 

Uvigerina, 69 

coalingensis, Gaudryina, 10, 28 

jenkinsi, Amphimorphina, 68 

juvenilis, Globigerina, 51 

judas, Anomalinoides, 10 

Karreriafallax, 11 

Karreriella, 7 

arenasensis, 16 

elongata, 11, 64, 68, 75; pl. 11 

INDEX 

Karreriella-Continued 

mediaguaensis, 13, 16, 19; pl. 1 

monumentensis, 17; pl. 1 

washingtonensis, 65, 68, 73, 75; pl. 11 

sp., 69 

keeni, A nomalinoides, 10, 17; pl. 5 

kelleyi, Vaginulinopsis, 10, 16 

kernensis, Cibicides, 11, 17, 28 

Non ion incisum, 76 

Nonionella incisa, 71, 76 

kerni, Plectofrondicularia, 10; pl. 2 

Vaginulinopsis mexicana, 17; pl. 2 

kingi, Cyclococcolithina, 56, 60 

Kinney, D. M .. cited, 39, 40 

Kleinpell, R. M .. cited, 1, 36, 62, 68, 71, 72, 73 

kleinpelli, Bolivina, 17, 64, 74; pl. 13 

kressenbergensis, Nodogenerina, 11, 17 

Kreyenhagen Formation, Avenal Sandstone Member, 

22. 28, 29, 32, 33, 41 

Canoas Siltstone Member, 36 

Gredal Shale Member, 5, 13, 19. 21, 22, 29, 30, 33, 

36,48 

Point of Rocks Sandstone Member, 5, 22, 29, 33, 36 

Krithe, 12 

kuepperi, Discoasteroides, 31 

L 

La Honda basin, 4 

lacinata, Bulimina sculptilis, 65, 68, 74; pl. 14 

lacrima, Bulimina semicostata, 17 

Globulina, 17 

laevigata, Gaudryina, 10, 16; pl. 1 

Glandulina, 71, 75 

Nodosaria (Glandulina), 75 

Lagena acuticosta, 11, 71, 75; pl. 11 

becki, 65, 75 

costata, 65, 71, 75 

crowleri, 11 

hexagona, 65, 71, 75 

semistriata, 65, 71, 75; pl. 11 

substriata, 16 

sulcata, 69, 75 

vulgaris, 65, 71, 75 

Laiming, B zones, 42 

laimingi, Cibicides, 22 

Lenticulina, 28 

Lambert Shale, coccoliths, 52 

Saucesian Stage, 71 

Zayante Creek section, 52, 70, 71 

lamposa, Spiroloculina, 11, 16 

Lanternithus minutus, 56, 61; pl. 9 

larva/is, Pedinocyclus, 53, 56, 61 

latejugata, Nodosaria, 10, 16, 28 

Lenticulina, 7 

alatolimbatus, 10 

antipoda, 17 

antipodum, 11 

barbati, 71, 75; pl. 11 

calcar, 69, 71, 75; pl. 11 

chehalisensis, 65, 75 

clypeijormis, 69, 71, 76; pl. 11 

coaledensis, 65, 76 

coloratus, 71 

convergens, 17 

cultratus, 76 

gyroscalprum, 10 

inornata, 11, 65, 69, 76 

insuetus, 64, 76; pis. 11, 12 

laimingi, 28 

may1:, 69 

midwayensis, 10, 64, 67, 76; pl. 12 

pseudocultrata, 10 

pseudocultratus, 71, 76; pl. 12 

pseudorotulata, 65, 71, 76 

pseudovortex, 10, 16, 64, 68, 71, 76; pl. 12 

rosetta, 11 

rotulata, 10 

simplex, 69, 71, 76 

terryi, 10, 16 

theta, 10, 17 

Lenticulina-Con tin ued 

turbinata, 11. 17 

ulatisensis, 16, 28; pl. 2 

vortex, 10, 16 

weaveri, 10 

welchi, 17, 65, 68, 69, 76; pl. 12 

sp., Fairchild and others, 71, 76 

sp. A, 71 

sp., pl. 12 

spp., 10, 13, 16, 64, 69, 71; pl. 12 

lenticularis, Discoaster, 30 

Lepidocyclina, 1 

antillea, 47 

lepidula, Nodogenerina, 11, 17 

Nodosaria, 77 

Stilostomella, 65, 69, 71, 77 

lillisi, Pseudohastigerina, 59, 60; pl. 7 

Pullenia, 60 

linaperta, Subbotina, 7, 12, 19 

Lincoln Creek Formation, fauna, 68 

foraminifers, benthic, 68, 69 

Washington, 73 

Lincoln Formation, 68 

Lipps, J. H., cited, 60 

Lithostromation perdurum, 38, 56 

U>cality data, 60 

U>cality descriptions, 48 

U>catelli Formation, foraminifers, benthic, 

agglutinated, 19, 21 

foraminifers. benthic, calcareous, 19, 21 

planktic, 19, 21 

U>mpico area, 13 

nannofossils, 38 

paloebathymetry, 21 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 5, 13, 19, 21 

Smith Grade area, 38 

Smith Grade-Empire Grade area, 5, 13 

U>do Formation, 21. 22, 32, 33, 36, 99 

definition, 99 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 5, 7, 19, 22, 29 

age, 29, 36 

correlation, 13 

foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 19 

foraminifers, benthic, 13, 21 

planktic, 13, 21 

paleobathymetry, 19, 21 

Devils Den area, 5, 7, 19, 28, 36 

fauna, cosmopolitan, 21 

Pacific affinities, 21 

foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 7 

foraminifers. benthic, 19 

benthic, agglutinated, 7, 10, 11. 19, 21 

calcareous, 7, 10, 11, 19 

zones, 7, 10, 22 

planktic, 7, 13, 19 

zones, 7 

reference sections, 40 

type section, 7, 10, 11. 12, 40 

formation boundary, time-transgressive, 36 

glauconite, 7 

U>do Gulch area, 5, 13, 19, 22, 28, 29, 36, 39, 40 

age, 29, 36 

foraminiferal biostratigraphy, 7 

paleobathymetry, 12 

stratigraphic relations, 29 

U>do Gulch section, 7, 39, 40 

Media Agua Creek area, 28, 92, 36 

age, 33,36 

stratigraphic relations, 33 

Media Agua Creek section, 36 

Midway-type fauna, 13 

molluscan fauna, 7 

nannoplankton, 13, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36 

ostracode faunas, 12 

paleobathymetric history, 12 

paleobathymetry, 12, 19, 21 

reference section, 39, 40 

principal, 40 

Israelsky samples, 5 

San Joaquin Valley; 5 
Lodo Formation-Continued 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 19 

section A, Brabb, 39, 40 

Israelsky, 39, 40 

section B, Brabb, 39, 40 

Israelsky, 39, 40 

section C, Brabb, 39, 40 

Brabb, Clark, and Throckmorton, 39, 40 

section 1-X, White, 39, 40 

stratigraphic relations, 29, 39 

Tumey Hills, Calif., 39 

type area, 39 

type locality, 5, 28, 29, 36, 39 

type section, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 29, 32, 39, 40 

age, 7, 19, 32, 36 

correlation, 7, 36 

Lodo Gulch area, 5 

Midway-type fauna, 7, 12 

sample materials, 5, 40 

stratigraphic relations, 7, 29 

lodoen.~is, Discoaster, 30, 38, 51, 53, 56, 61 

Eponides, 11, 28 

Uvigerina, 28 

myriamae, Uvigerina, 11, 16; pl. 3 

Lompico area, 13 

Lompico area, Santa Cruz County, Calif., 5 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 13, 19 

longiscata, Nodosaria, 64, 69, 71, 76 

lopeztrigoi, Amph'istegina, 46 

Eoconuloides, 42, 46; pl. 6 

Lophodolithus mochlophorus, 31 

nascens, 31 

reniformis, 31, 56, 61 

lophota, Helicopontosphaera, 31 

Helicosphaera, 56 

Lower Eocene-middle Eocene boundary, 60 

Lower Miocene-middle Miocene boundary, 51 

Lower Narizian, Bulimina corrugata Zone, 68 

Lower Narizian-upper Narizian.boundary, 68, 73 

Loxoconcha, 12 

Loxostomoides applinae, 11; pl. 3 

luminus, CycUcargolithus, 56, 60 

Cyclococcolithus, 60 

M 

macellus, Ellipsolithus, 31 

macilenta, Bulimina, 10, 16; pl. 3 

mac1·ocamerata, Gaudryina, 10 

magnicrassus, Coccolithus. 30 

Mallory, V. S., cited, 1. 5. 29, 33. 36, 42, 62 

margareta, Cassidulina, 71. 74 

marginata, Boli11ina, 65, 69, 70, 71, 74; pis. 10, 13 

Orthophragmina, 46 

Discocyclina (Discocyclina), 42, 46 

adelaidana, Boli11ina, 71, 72 

marginodentata, Globorotalia, 28 

Marginulina adunca, 11, 65, 71, 76 

alazaensis, 65, 69, 76 

curvatura, 10 

dubia, 69, 76 

exima, 65, 76 

gardnerae, 11 

glabra, 11 

sischoae, 11 

subbullata, 10, 16, 64, 69, 76; pl. 12 

subrecta, 69, 76 

sp., 69; pl. 12 

spp., 64. 71 

Marine sedimentary deposits, correlation, 36 

Markalius astroporus, 31 

markleyana, Planularia, 65, 68, 76 

Martin, L. T., Lodo Formation, definition, 39, 40 

Martin, L. T., cited, 29, 39, 40 

Martinez Stage, 7 

martinezensis, Cibicides, 11, 16 

Cibicidoides, 19 

Martini, E., cited, 38 

martini, Globigerinita, 59 

Martinottiella eocenica, 16, 64, 76; pis. 1, 11 

patens, 69, 71, 76; pl. 11 

INDEX 

mauricensis, Cibicidina, 17 

mayi, Lenticulina, 69 

Siphogenerina, 71, 72, 77; pl. 14 

McDougall, Kristin, cited, 68 

mckannai, Acarinina, 19 

McKeel, D. R., cited, 28, 60 

Media Agua Creek, area, 22 

area, comparison, 88 

Kern County, Calif., 82 

type sections, benthic foraminiferal zones, 33 

reference section for lower Tertiary, California, 33 

section, San Joaquin Valley, 33 

mediaguaensis, Karreriella, 13, 16, 19; pl. 1 

Megafossils, age assignments, 36 

Melonis pompilioides, 69, 71, 76 

sp., 65 

metastypus, Discoasteroides, 31 

mexicana, Globigerinatheka, 59 

Osangularia, 17; pl. 4 

Vaginulinopsis, 28 

kerni, Vaginulinopsis, 11, 17; pl. 2 

nudicostata, Vaginulinopsis, 10, 17; pl. 2 

mexicanus, Boli11inoides, 65, 74; pl. 13 

Proroporus, 74 

Mickey, M. B., cited, 28 

micra, Pseudohastigerina, 59, 60; pl. 7 

Micrantholithus altus, 56; pl. 9 

basquensis, 56 

entaster, 31 

flos, 56, 61 

11esper, 31 

microcostata, Bulimina, 64, 68, 69, 74; pl. 14 

Microfossils, planktic, calcareous, 59 

planktic, San Lorenzo River section, 73 

micrus, Nonion, 60 

Middle Eocene-upper Eocene boundary, 39, 52, 53, 73 

Middle Eocene-upper Eocene boundary, international 

usage, 59 

Midway Group fauna, 7, 12, 13, 19 

midwayana, Osangularia, 17 

midwayensis, Cristellaria, 76 

Lenticulina, 10, 64, 67, 76; pl. 12 

Robulus, 76 

subcyl'indrica, Chiloguembelina, 28 

minima, Eponides, 17 

Globigerina, 59 

angiporoides, 52, 59 

minuta, Plecto/rondicularia, 11, 17; pl. 2 

Quinqueloculina, 64, 77; pl. 11 

minutus, Lanternithus, 56, 61; pl. 9 

miocenica, Nonionella, 65, 69, 70, 71, 76; pl. 16 

Plectojrondicularia, 69, 76 

Pullenia, 71, 77; pl. 17 

directa, Plectojrondicularia, 71, 76; pl. 12 

miriamae, U11igerina lodoensis, 11, 16; pl. 3 

mirus, Discoaster, 30, 38 

mitreus, Fasciculithus, 31 

mochlophorus, Lophodolithus, 31 

Mohnian Stage of Kleinpell, 1 

Molluscan fauna, living, 1 

Lodo Formation, 7 

Martinez Stage, 7 

Trinidad, 1 

Vaqueros Sandstone, 1 

Monterey Formation, 51 

Ano Nuevo section, 51, 71 

monumentensis, Karreriella, 17; pl. 1 

Moreno Shale, 7, 29 

Lodo Gulch, 39 

morijormis, Sphenolithus, 31, 38, 51, 53, 56, 61 

Morin, R. W., cited, 28 

Morozo11ella aequa, 19 

aragonensis, 19 

formosa, 42 

Zone, 42 

gracillis, 42 

subbotinae, 19, 42 

11elascoensis, 19 

Mount Diablo area, foraminifers, large, 41, 42 

locality.descriptions, 48 

Mount Diablo, Calif., 2, 4, 41 

multicostata, Dictyomitra, 28 

Siphogenerina, 71, 72, 77; pl. 14 

multilineata, Dentalina, 11 

89 

Plectofrondicularia packardi, 65, 68, 69, 76; pl. 13 

multilobata, Pullenia, 71, 77 

multipara, Discolithina, 51, 61 

Pontosphera, 38 

multiradiatus, Discoaster, 30 

munda, Globorotalia, 51, 60; pl. 8 

N 

naheolensis, Frondicularia, 11 

nana, Globorotalia, 51, 60; pl. 8 

Globorotalia opima, 60 

nannofossils, 22, 38, 60, 62, 74 

calcareous, 60 

California, 22 

Santa Cruz Mountains, Calif., 88 

distribution, 22 

Miocene, 74 

nannoplankton, age, 29, 33 

biostratigraphy, central Coast Ranges, Calif., 22 

calcareous, 13, 22, 38, 44 

chronology, Bukry, 31, 33 

data, Bulitian Stage, 36 

Cheneyan Stage, 36 

Narizian Stage, 36 

Penutian Stage, 36 

synthesis, 36 

Ulatisian Stage, 36 

Ynezian Stage, 36 

Zemorrian Stage, 36 

Devils Den section, age, 28 

Paleogene, Santa Cruz Mountains, 88 

Nannoplankton zones, 1, 22 

Bear Creek area, 39 

Bukry, 22, 28, 29, 33, 44 

Butano Sandstone, 38,.39 

central Coast Ranges, California, 22 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 13, 22, 28, 29 

Gredal Shale Member, 13, 29 

Locatelli' Formation, 38 

Lodo Formation, 29 

type, 29,32 

Lodo Gulch area, 29 

Lompico area, 38 

Martini, 22 

Media Agua Creek area, 82 

Paleogene of California, summary, 96 

Panoche Formation, 29 

San Joaquin Valley, 33 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 98 

Smith Grade area, 38 

'1\vobar Shale Member, 39 

Nannotetrina cristata, 38 

fulgens, 31 

quairata, 29, 31 

Zone, 13, 29, 31, 33 

boundary, 29 

Narizian Stage, 28, 33, 36, 42, 53, 59, 62, 67, 68, 69, 70, 

72,73 

age, 36 

boundary, 29, 59, 73 

of Mallory, 42 

Narizian Stage-Refugian Stage boundary, 59 

nascens, Lophodolithus, 31 

Nautilus calcar, 75 

pompilioides, 76 

na11aroanna, Ramulina, 17 

Neochiastozygus dubius, 39 

Neococcolithes dubius, 31 

protenus, 31 

Neoeponides sp., pl. 15 

neogammation, Cyclicargolithus, 60 

Nilsen, T. H., cited, 4 

nobilis, Discoaster, 30 

nodifer, Discoaster, 30, 56, 61; pl. 9 

nodi/era, Siphogenerina, 69, 70, 71, 77; pis. 10, 14, 15 

Nodogenerina adolphina, 17 
90 

Nodogenerina-Continued 

advena, 77 

kressenbergensis, 11, 17 

lepidula, 11, 17 

rohri, 76 

wegimanni, 77 

Nodosarella advena, 16; pl. 4 

atlantisae hispidula, 76; pl. 16 

constricta, 16 

ignota, 16 

Nodosaria a/finis, 11 

arundinea, 10, 16 

boffalorae, 76 

cocoaensis, 75 

deliciae, 10, 16 

ewaldi, 10, 16 

gyrata, 10, 64; pl. 11 

holserica, 69, 70, 76 

latejugata, 10, 16, 28 

lepidula, 77 

longiscata, 64, 69, 71, 76 

parexilis, 69, 71 

senti/era, 71, 76; pl. 11 

pyrula, 64, 71, 76 

velascoensis, 17 

(Glandulina) laevigata, 75 

sp., 65,71 

spp., 64 

nonarad1'atus, Discoaster, 30 

Nonion halkyardi, 65, 76 

incisum kernensis, 76 

micrus, 60 

Nonionella ansata, 17 

costijera, 69, 71, 76 

incisa, 76 

kernensis, 71, 76 

miocenica, 65, 69, 70, 71, 76; pl. 16 

nonionelloides, Haplophragmoides, 10 

Nonionina cost1jera, 76 

incisa, 76 

quinqueloba, 77 

nudicostatus, Vaginulinopsis mexicana, 17; pl. 2 

nudorobusta, Uvigerina garzaensis, 69 

Nummulites parvula, 46 

striatoreticulata, 45 

striatoreticulatus, 42, 45; pl: 6 

trim'tatensis, 45 

willcoxi, 42, 45; pl. 6 

sp., 42,45 

nuttal/1', Bijarina, 11, 16, 28; pl. 2 

Pleurostomella, 17 

Nuttallides truempyi, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 19; pl. 4 

0 

oamaruensis, Reticulofenestra, 56, 61 

obesa, Cyclammina cancellata, 75; pl. 10 

impolita, Uvigerinella, 71, 77 

obliqua, Helicosphaera, 53, 61 

obliquata, Gyroidina orbicularis, 17 

obliquicameratus, Haplophragmoides, 19 

obscurus, Impiaster, 38 

octocamerata, Gyroidina soldanii, 10, 17 

officinalis, Globigerina, 59 

Oligocene, Europe, 1 

Oligocene-Miocene boundary, 51 

opelagicus, Coccolithus, 38 

Operculina incerta, 74 

Operculinoides willcoxi, 45 

opima nana, Globorotalia, 60 

orbicularis obliquata, Gyroidina, 17 

planata, Gyroidina, 11, 64, 69, 71, 75; pl. 17 

Oridorsalis umbonatus, 10, 16, 64, 69, 71, 76; pl. 17 

ornatior, Dentalina spinosa, 64, 75; pl. 11 

ornatus, Discoaster tani, 31 

Orphan Knoll, 12 

orphanensis, Bulimina, 12, 13 

orphanknolli, Sphenolithus, 38 

Orthomorphina rohri, 65, 69, 71, 76; pis. 10, 12 

Orthophragmina clarki, 47 

jlintensis, 47 

INDEX 

Orthophragm1'na-Continued 

marginata, 46 

orthostylus, Tribrachiatus, 29, 31, 51, 53, 56, 61 

Osangularia mexicana, 17; pl. 4 

midwayana, 17 

plummerae, 7 

tenuicarinata, 11, 16; pl. 4 

sp., 19 

Osbun, E. D., cited, 44 

Ostracode fauna, 12 

ouachitaensis, Globigerina, 59 

ovata, Bulimina, 10, 77 

Praeglobobulimina, 64, 65, 71, 77 

p 

pachyderma, Cibicides, 17, 64, 68, 75 

Truncatulina, 75 

Pacific Ocean, 4 

pacifica, Cyclammina, 65, 75 

Globobulimina, 65, 69, 71, 75; pl. 14 

packardi, Plectofrondicularia, 65, 68, 69, 76; pl. 13 

multilineata, Plectofrondicularia, 65, 68, 69, 76; 

pl. 13 

packardi, Plectojrondicularia, 76 

Paleobathymetry, 12, 19 

Paleogene, 12 

Paleocene stages of Mallory, 1 

paleocenica, Pleurostomella, 11, 17, 19 

Paleogene, California, 4, 22, 38 

California, summary, 96 

depositional patterns, 4 

faunas, Coast Ranges, 1, 22 

provincial stages, California, 38 

rocks, complete section, Devils Den area, 41 

east of San Andreas fault, 2 

stratigraphy, 41 

west of San Andreas fault, 2 

Santa Cruz Mountains, nannoplankton, 98 

sequences, California, 5 

displaced along secondary lateral faults, 4 

displaced laterally along San Andreas, 4 

foraminiferal, 5 

stages, California, based on benthic foraminifers, 

1 

California, zonations based on planktic 

foraminifers and nannoplankton, 1 

Paleogeography, central California, 4 

Panache Formation, Devils Den aqueduct section, 22 

Devils Den area, 28, 29 

age, 29 

Media Agua Creek area, 33 

parexilis, Nodosaria, 69, 71 

sentijera, Nodosaria, 71, 76; pl. 11 

partschiana, Epistomina, 10, 17 

parvula, A mphistegina, 42, 46; pl. 6 

Nummulites, 46 

parvulus, Eoconuloides, 46 

patagonica, Subbotina, 42 

patens, Clavulina, 76 

Martinottiella, 69, 71, 76; pl. 11 

Pedinocycluslarvalis, 53, 56, 61 

pelagicus, Coccolithus, 30, 38, 53 

Pemma angulatum, 38, 56,61 

basquensis, 61 

pennyi, Ammodiscus, 10, 16; pl. 1 

penonensis, Asterocyclina, 47 

Penutian Stage, 28, 29, 33, 36, 44 

age, 29, 33, 36 

Mallory, 44 

type section, 33 

perch nielsenasae, Helicosphaera, 53, 61 

perdurum, Lithostromation, 38, 56 

perplexa, Silicosigmoilina, 16 

Pierce, R. L., cited, 1, 49, 58 

pilulifer, Reophax, 64, 69; pl. 10 

pilulifera, Reophax, 71, 77 

pisciformis, Bolivina, 17 

plana, Discolithina, 30, 31, 51, 53, 61 

Pontosphera, 38 

planata, Gyroidina orbicularis, 11, 64, 69, 71, 75; 

pl. 17 

Planktic, defined, 1 

Planktic assemblages, San Lorenzo River section, 59 

Planktic foraminifers, Devils Den aqueduct section, 13 

Lodo Gulch area, 13 

zonations, 1, 7, 13, 41 

Plankton, calcareous, Aiio Nuevo area, 51 

calcareous, discussion, 59 

Eocene, 59 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 49 

Santa Lucia Range, 49 

Planktonic, defined, 1 

Planktonic foraminiferal zones, 1, 22 

Aiio Nuevo section, 51, 74 

Berggren, 22 

Blow, 22 

Butano Sandstone, 19 

Church Creek area, 58 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 19 

Hardenbol and Berggren, 22 

Kings Creek section, 52 

Lodo Formation, 7, 12, 19 

Lodo Gulch area, 5, 12, 19 

Paleogene of California, summary, 96 

Rices Mudstone Member, 52, 53 

San Lorenzo Formation, 52, 53 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 59, 73 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 49 

Santa Lucia Range, 49 

Twobar Shale Member, 52, 53 

Planorotalites, 28 

indiscriminata, 28 

pseudomenardii, 19 

Zone, 7 

pseudoscitula, 59 

Planularia markleyana, 65, 68, 76 

tolmani, 69 

truncana, 11, 17 

Planulina haydoni, 75 

Plectina cubensis, 13, 17 

garzaensis, 64, 76; pl. 11 

Plectofrondicularia calijornica, 71, 76 

garzaensis, 17 

kerni, 10; pl. 2 

minuta, 11, 17; pl. 2 

miocenica, 69, 76 

directa, 71, 76; pl. 12 

packardi, 65, 68, 69, 76; pl. 13 

multilineata, 65, 68, 69, 76; pl. 13 

packardi, 76 

stratigraphic range, 73 

vaughani, 65, 69, 71, 76; pl. 13 

whitei, 10; pl. 2 

spp., 64 

plectopons, Zygodiscus, 31 

Pleurostomella acuta, 11. 16 

alazanensis cubensis, 17 

alternans, 64, 68, 77; pl. 16 

gredalensis, 11 

nuttalli. 17 

paleocenica, 11, 17, 19 

plousios, Amphipyndax, 28 

plummerae, Osangularia, 7 

Stilostomella, 10 

Point of Rocks, 36 

Point of Rocks Sandstone, Kreyenhagen Formation, 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 5, 22, 29, 36 

Kreyenhagen Formation, Devils Den aqueduct 

section, age, 29 

Devils Den aqueduct section, 

nannoplankton, 29 

samples, 5 

time-stratigraphic relations, 33 

Media Agua Creek area, 33, 36 

Media Agua Creek section, 33, 36 

age, 33,36 

correlation, 36 

nannoplankton, 33 

San Joaquin Valley, 33 

time-stratigraphic relations, 33 
pompilioides, Melonis, 69, 71, 76 

Nautilus, 76 

Pontosphera multipara, 38 

plana, 38 

Poore, R. Z., cited, 29, 33, 52, 63 

praebulloides, Globigerina, 51, 52, 59 

praecursorius, Cibicides, 11 

Praeglobobulimina ovata, 64, 65, 71, 77 

pupoides, 64, 71, 77 

praestainforthi, Globigerinita, 51 

praeturritilina, Globigerina, 59; pl. 8 

Globigerina turritilina, 59 

predistentus, Sphenolithus, 38, 53, 56, 61 

primus, Eponides, 7, 11. 16 

principiensis, Dorothia, 17 

1htaxilina, 13, 16 

Proporocyclina flintensis, 4 7 

(Proporocyclina) clarki, Pseudophragmina, .47; pl. 6 

flintensis, Pseudophragmina: 42, .46; pl. 6 

teres, Pseudophragmina, .47 

Proroporus mexicanus, 74 

protenus, Neococcolithus, 31 

protoannula, Cyclococcolithina, 60 

pseudochapmani, Globorotalia, 28 

pseudocontinuosa, Globorotalia, 60 

pseudocultrata, Lenticulina, 10 

pseudocultratus, Lenticulina, 71, 76; pl. 12 

Robulus, 76 

pseudogammation, Cyclococcolithina, 30 

Pseudoglandulina gallowayi, 77 

Pseudohastigerina lillisi, 59, 60; pl. 7 

micra, 59, 60; pl. 7 

pseudomenardii, Planorotalites, 19 

Pseudonodosaria gallowayi, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 12 

in/lata, 64, 69, 71, 77 

Pseudoparrella danvillensis, 64 

Pseudophragmina clarki, 42 

psila, 28 

teres, 42 

(Proporocyclina) clarki, .47; pl. 6 

flintensis, 42, .46. 47; pl. 6 

teres, .47 

(Pseudophragmina)flintensis, 47 

sp., pl. 6 

(Pseudophragmina)flintensis, Pseudophragmina, 47 

pseudoradians, Sphenolithus, 31, 56, 61; pl. 9 

pseudorotulata, Lenticulina, 65, 71, 76 

pseudorotulatus, Robulus, 76 

pseudoscitula, Planorotalites, 59 

pseudoumbilica, Reticulofenestra, 31 

pseudoungerianus evolutus, Cibicides, 65, 69, 71, 75; 

pl. 16 

pseudovenezuelana, Globigerina, 59 

pseudovortex, Lenticulina, 10, 16, 64, 68, 71, 76; pl. 12 

Robulus, 76 

pseudowuellorstorfi, Cibicidoides, 16 

psila, Pseudophragmina, 28 

pulcher, 7ransversopontis, 31 

pulcheroides, Discolithus, 61 

7ransversopontis, 56, 61 

Pullenia eocenica, 10, 16 

lillisi, 60 

miocenica, 71, 77; pl. 17 

multilobata, 71, 77 

quinqueloba, 64, 77; pl. 17 

angusta, 17 

reussi, 16 

salisburyi, 69, 77 

punctulata, Daktylethra, 56, 60; pl. 9 

pupoides, Bulimina, 16, 77 

pupoides, Praeglobobulimina, 64, 71, 77 

pyrula, Bulimina, 16 

Nodosaria, 64, 71, 76 

Q,R 

quadrata, Nannotetrina, 29, 31 

quadrulata, Dentalina, 69, 71, 72, 75; pl. 11 

quinqueloba, Nonionina, 77 

Pullenia, 64, 77; pl. 17 

angusta, Pullenia, 17 

INDEX 

Quinqueloculina imperialis, 65, 77 

minuta, 64, 77; pl. 11 

radians, Sphenolithus, 31. 38, 51, 53, 56, 61 

Radiolarians, Cretaceous, 28 

Ramulina navaroanna, 17 

raphanus transversa, Siphogenerina, 77 

recta, Helicosphaera, 53, 61 

Rectoglandulina sp., 10 

recurvus, Isthmolithus, 31, 53, 61 

Reference list, taxa, 7.4 

Reference section, Paleogene stratigraphy of 

California, 5 

References cited, 78 

Refugian Stage, 53, 58, 59, 68, 69; 70, 73 

boundaries, 53, 69, 73 

California, 68, 69 

Church Creek Formation, 58 

faunal assemblage, 69, 70, 73 

foraminifera, marine strata, California, 58 

Oregon, 68 

type area, California, 73 

Washington, 68 

Refugian faunas, basal, McDougall, 68 

San Lorenzo River section, 73 

Refugian-Zemorrian boundary, 53, 69, 73 

regina, Anomalinoides, 16 

Regional setting, 2 

Relizian Stage, 52, 62, 72, 74 

boundary, 52 

faunal assemblages, 72, 74 

reniformis, Lophodolithus, 31, 56, 61 

Reophax pilulifer, 64, 69; pl. 10 

pilulifera, 71, 77 

spp., 71 

reticulata, Reticulofenestra, 56, 61; pl. 9 

Reticulofenestra, 61 

dictyoda, 31, 38 

hillae, 31 

oamaruensis, 56, 61 

pseudoumbilica, 31 

reticulata, 56, 61; pl. 9 

samodurovi. 31 

umbilica, 31. 38, 53, 56, 61; pl. 9 

Zone, 53 

spp., 51, 53, 56 

reussi, Pullenia, 16 

Rhabdammina, 7, 12, 13, 19 

eocenica, 10, 13, 16, 19, 64, 77; pl. 10 

Rhabdosphaera, 61 

crebra, 31 

injlata, 29, 31 

Zone, 31 

tenuis, 56, 61 

sp., 38 

spp., 56 

Rices Mudstone Member, San Lorenzo Formation, age, 

52 

San Lorenzo Formation, coccoliths, 51. 53 

foraminifers, benthic, 68 

planktic, 52 

Kings Creek section, 52 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 68 

age, 68, 69 

Zayante Creek section, 52 

zone assignment, 68 

zone P14-P15 boundary, 52, 53 

richardi, Spiroplectammina, 16, 19, 64, 77; pis. 1, 10 

Robulus barbati, 75 

chehalisensis, 75 

chiranus, 69, 76 

coaledensis, 76 

cultratus, 76 

inornata, 76 

insuetus, 76 

midwayensis, 76 

pseudocultratus, 76 

pseudorotulatus, 76 

pseudovortex, 76 

simplex, 76 

welchi, 76 

robusta, Baggina, 71. 72, 74; pl. 15 

rohri, Nodogenerina, 76 

Orthomorphina, 65, 69, 71, 76; pis. 10, 12 

7runcorotaloides, 52, 59 

Rosalina araucana, 77 

rosetta, Lenticulina, 11 

Rotalina umbonata, 76 

Rotularia (Spiroglyphus) tinajasensis, 28 

(Rotularia), Spiroglyphus, 41 

rotulata, Lenticulina, 10 

rubiginosus, Anomalinoides, 19 

Rzehakina, 19 

epigona-lata, 19 

s 

91 

saipanensis, Discoaster, 30, 38, 53, 56, 61; pl. 9 

salinasensis, Anomalina, 71. 74; pl. 17 

Salinian block, 2 

salisburyi, Pullenia, 69, 77 

samodurovi, Reticulofenestra, 31 

Sample materials, 5 

numbers, key, 67 

Samples, Church Creek Formation, 60 

Israelsky collection, 5, 7 

Lodo Gulch, Brabb, 7, 10, 11, 39 

Paleogene, from four sections, 5 

Santa Lucia Range, 60 

San Andreas fault, 4 

San Joaquin Valley, faunal assemblages, 72 

rock units, time-transgressive, 33 

west side, 22 

San Jose area, foraminifers, large, .42 

locality descriptions, .48 

San Lorenzo Formation, Kings Creek section, 59 

Rices Mudstone Member, 51, 52, 53, 68, 69 

glauconite bed, 68 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 59, 63 

Twobar Shale Member, 38, 39, 52, 53, 59, 63, 67, 68, 

69 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 59, 60. 73 

age, 52, 67 

Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone, 67, 73 

biostratigraphy, 53 

Bulimina corrugata Zone, 73 

Canada de Santa Anita, 73 

deep water facies, 68 

faunal assemblages, 70 

Lincoln Creek Formation, 68 

lithostratigraphy, 53 

microfossils, planktic, 59, 73 

paleoecologic facies, 73 

Refugian Stage, 53, 73 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 49, 63 

type area, 73 

San Lorenzo syncline, 70 

sanctaecrucis, Stilostomella, 71, 77 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 13 

area, foraminifers, benthic, 61 

California, 2, 4, 5 

Paleogene, 38 

biostratigraphy, 38 

nannofossils, calcareous, 38 

Lompico area, 19 

nannoplankton, Paleogene, 38 

plankton, calcareous, .49 

San Lorenzo River section, 63 

Smith Grade-Empire Grade area, 13 

Zayante Creek section, 49, 70 

Santa Lucia Range, Church Creek area, 49, 58, 59 

plankton, calcareous, .49 

samples, 60 

Saracenaria hantkeni, 65 

schencki, 65, 68, 69, 71, 73, 77; pl. 12 

Saucesian Stage, 52, 59, 71, 72, 74 

base, 71 

faunal assemblages, 72, 74 

Miocene, 74 

Saucesian Stage-Relizian Stage boundary, 52 

Saucesian Stage-Zemorrian Stage boundary, 52, 59, 72, 

73, 74 

saundersi, Cristellaria, 77 
92 

saundersi-Continued 

Vaginulinopsis, 19, 64, 77; pl. 12 

saxea, Thoracosphaera, 38 

scabrata, Bolivina, 64, 68, 74; pl. 13 

schaubi, Fasciculithus, 31 

Schenck, H. G., cited, 68 

schencki, Caucasina, 22 

Saracenaria, 65, 68, 69, 71, 73, 77; pl. 12 

Sigmomorphina, 65, 68, 73, 77 

Schmidt, R. R., cited, 7 

Schoellhamer, J. E., cited, 39, 40 

scrippsae, Dictyococcites, 30, 51, 53, 56, 60 

sculptilis lacinata, Bulimina, 65, 68, 74; pl. 14 

Sea-level change, eustatic, Eocene, 21 

Sedimentary sequence, Sierra Nevada region, Eocene, 

41 

semicostata lacrima, Bulimina, 17 

seminulum, Helicopontosphaera, 31 

Helicosphaera, 38, 56 

semistriata, Lagena, 65, 71, 75; pl. 11 

senilis, Globigerina, 59 

senti/era, Nodosaria parexilis, 71, 76; pl. 11 

Serpula sulcata, 75 

serraculoides, Bramletteius, 56, 60; pl. 9 

shivelyi, Thxtularia, 69, 70, 77 

Sierra Nevada, sedimentary sequence, Paleogene, 4, 41 

sigmoides, Zygodiscus, 38 

Sigmomorphina schencki, 65, 68, 73, 77 

Silicosigmoilina, 7, 19 

californica, 10, 17, 19; pl. 1 

perple,;a, 16 . 

sp., 7 

simiensis, Cyclammina, 11, 13, 16, 19; pl. 1 

simplex, Cristellaria, 76 

Lenticulina, 69, 71, 76 

Robulus, 76 

Siphogenerina eleganta, 74 

hughesi, 71, 72, 77 

mayi, 71, 72, 77; pl. 14 

multicostata, 71, 72, 77; pl. 14 

nodifera, 69, 70, 71, 77; pis. 10, 14, 15 

raphanus transversa, 77 • 

transversa, 71, 72, 77 

Siphonina jacksonensis, 11, 17; pl. 4 

wilcoxensis, 11, 17, 28; pl. 4 

sp., 17 

Siphonodosaria gracilis, 17 

sischoae, Marginulina, 11 

Smith Grade-Empire Grade area, Santa Cruz 

Mountains, 5, 13 

soldadoensis, Acarinina, 42 

soldanii, Gyroidina, 65, 71, 75 

octocamerata, Gyroidina, 10, 17 

solitus, Chiasmolithus, 30, 56, 60 

soluta, Dentalina, 65 

sparsicostata, Uvigerinella, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 15 

Sphaerogypsina sp., pl. 6 

Sphaeroidina bulloides, 69, 71, 77; pl. 13 

Sphenolithus, 61 

anarrhogus, 31 

belemnos, 51, 61 

ciperoensis Zone, 51, 52, 53, 74 

Aiio Nuevo section, 51, 74 

conicus, 51, 61 

dissimilis, 51, 53, 61 

distentus Zone, 36, 52, 53, 73, 7 4 

nannofossils, 74 

furcatolithoides, 31, 56, 61; pl. 9 

heteromorphus, 51, 61; pl. 9 

Zone, 51, 74 

morijormis, 31, 38, 51, 53, 56, 61 

orphanknolli, 38 

predistentus, 38, 53, 56, 61 

pseudoradians, 31, 56, 61; pl. 9 

radians, 31, 38, 51, 53, 56, 61 

spiniger, 31, 56, 61; pl. 9 

spp., 53, 56 

spiniger, Sphenolithus, 31, 56, 61; pl. 9 

spinosa, Dentalina, 10, 16 

ornatior, Dentalina, 64, 75; pl. 11 

Spiroglyphus (Rotularia), 41 

INDEX 

(Spiroglyphus) tinajasensis, Rotularia, 28 

Spiroloculina lamposa, 11, 16 

texana, 65, 77 

wilcoxensis, 77 

Spiroplectammina directa, 16, 65, 77; pis. 1, 10 

richardi, 16, 19, 64, 77; pis. 1, 10 

tejonensis, 11, 17 

sp., 7, 69 

Spiroplectoides directa, 77 

spiropunctata, Cibicides, 68 

spiropunctatus, Cibicides, 11, 22, 64, 75; pl. 16 

Cibicidoides, 16 

squamosa hexagona, Entosolenia, 75 

Stages, time transgressive, 1, 62 

Stainjorthia sp., 64 

staurion, Coccolithus, 56, 60 

Cruciplacolithus, 30 

Stichocassidulina thalmani, 64, 68, 77; pl. 13 

Stichomitra asymbatos, 28 

Stilostomella adolphina, 64, 71, 77 

advena, 64, 69, 71, 77; pl. 13 

lepidula, 65, 69, 71, 77 

plummerae, 10 

sanctaecrucis, 71, 77 

wegimanni, 71, 77; pl. 13 

sp., 16, 65, 69, 71 

Stratigraphic data, synthesis, 36 

Stratigraphic range, Bolivina marginata, 69 

Uvigerina jacksonensis, 69 

Stratigraphy, Paleogene rocks, 1,1 

striatoreticulata, Camerina, 45 

Nummulites, 45 

striatoreticulatus, Nummulites, 42, 1,5; pl. 6 

strictus, Discoaster, 30 

subangulata, Gyroidinoides, 16 

Subbotina boweri, 12 

frontosa, 7, 12 

inaequispira, 7, 12 

linaperta, 7, 12, 19 

patagonica, 42 

triangularis, 19 

triloculinoides, 19 

turgida, 19 

velascoensis, 19 

sp., 19 

subbotinae, Morozovella, 19, 42 

subbullata, Marginulina, 10, 16, 64, 69, 76; pl. 12 

subconica, Eggerella, 64, 75; pl. 10 

subcylindrica, Chiloguembelina midwayensis, 28 

subdistichus, Coccolithus, 30 

subjusijormis, Buliminella, 69, 71, 74 

sublodoensis, Discoaster, 29, 31, 33 

subpertusa, Ericsonia, 38 

subrecta, Marginulina, 69, 76 

substriata, Lagena, 16 

substrigata, Dentalina, 10 

sulcata, Lagena, 69, 75 

Serpula, 75 

Sullivan, F. R., cited, 33, 63, 68, 69 

Summary, benthic foraminiferal stratigraphy, 

Paleogene, 19 

faunal assemblages, correlation, 72 

paleobathymetry, central ranges of California, 19 

Paleogene, California, 36 

suteri, Globorotaloides, 51, 52, 59 

Sveadal area, foraminifers, large, .!,.!, 

Sveadal area, locality descriptions, 1,8 

Systematic paleontology, 1,5 

T 

tani, Discoaster, 31, 56, 61 

ornatus, Discoaster, 31 

Taxa, reference list, 71, 

Taxonomic notes, foraminifera, planktic, 59 

tejonensis, Spiroplectammina, 11, 17 

Temblor Formation, foraminifers, large, 44 

San Jose area, 44 

tenuicarinata, Osangularia, 11, 16; pl. 4 

tenuis, Cruciplacolithus, 56, 60 

Rhabdosphaera, 56, 61 

tenuissima, Jilrondicularia, 69, 75 

teres, Pseudophragmina, 42 

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina), 1,7 

terryi, Lenticulina, 10, 16 

Tertiary provincial stages, relations to nannoplankton 

zones, 22 

Tertiary stages, California, validity, 1 

Tessellatolithus, 61 

sp., 51, 53 

texana, Spiroloculina, 65, 77 

Thxtularia shivelyi, 69, 70, 77 

sp., Fairchild and others, 69, 77 

thalmani, Stichocassidulina, 64, 68, 77; pl. 13 

Thermocline, Paleogene, 21 

theta, Lenticulina, 10, 17 

Thoracosphaera, 61 

saxea, 38 

sp., 56 

spp., 38, 56 

Throckmorton, C. K., cited, 1, 22, 39, 49, 63, 71 

tinajasensis, Rotularia (Spiroglyphus), 28 

tolmani, Planularia, 69 

Thweius craticulus, 31 

eminens, 31 

Trachyleberidea, 12 

transversa, Siphogenerina, 71, 72, 77 

Siphogenerina raphanus, 77 

Transversopontis pulcher, 31 

pulcheroides, 56, 61 

triangularis, Gaudryina, 69, 75; pl. 10 

Subbotina, 19 

triangulata, Verneulina, 10, 16, 28; pl. 1 

Tribrachiatus orthostylus, 29, 31, 51, 53, 56, 61 

Zone, 13, 28, 29, 31, 33 

boundary, 19 

I Discoaster lodoensis Zone, undifferentiated, 31 

tribrachiatus, Discoaster, 61 

Trijarina, 7 

advena californica, 10, 17, 28; pl. 3 

hannai, 65, 77 

wilcoxensis, 65, 77; pl. 1& 

trihedra, Bulimina, 17 

triloculinoides, Subbotina, 19 

trinitatensis, Bulimina, 10, 12, 16; pl. 3 

Nummulites, 45 

tripartita, Globigerina, 51, 59 

Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus, 51. 61 

Zone, Aiio Nuevo section, 51, 74 

Tritaxilina, 7, 13 

colei, 11, 13, 16; pl. 1 

principiensis, 13, 16 

Trochammina, 7 

globigeriniformis, 16 

spp., 16, 71 

Trochamminoides contortus, 16 

Trochoaster, 61 

sp., 51 

truempyi, Nuttallides, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 19; 

pl. 4 

truncana, Planularia, 11, 17 

truncanella, Bulimina, 17 

Truncatulina americana, 74 

floridana, 75 

pachyderma, 75 

Truncorotaloides collactea, 59 

rohri, 52, 59 

tubuli/era, Angulogerina abbreviata, 17 

Thmey Hills, Fresno County, Calif., 5, 39 

tumeyensis, Valvulineria, 65, 68, 77 

turbinata, Lenticulina, 11, 17 

turgida, Subbotina, 19 

Turritilina abbreviata, pl. 2 

brevispira, 10, 16 

turritilina praeturritiUna, Globigerina, 59 

1\vobar Shale Member, San l.<lrenzo Formation, Bear 

Creek area, 38, 39 

San L<lrenzo Formation, Bear Creek area, age, 39 

boundary, Eocene, 39 

coccoliths, 52 

foraminifers, benthic, 68 

planktic, 52, 53, 59 
Twobar Shale Member-Continued 

San Lorenzo Formation-Continued 

Kings Creek section, 52, 59 

age, 52 

nannofossils, 38 

San Lorenzo River area, 38 

age, 39,67 

San Lorenzo River section, 52, 59, 63, 67, 68, 

69 

age, 52 

zone assignments, 52, 59, 68 

tympaniformis, Fasciculithus, 31, 38 

Type sections, benthic foraminiferal zones, 33 

u 

ulatisensis, Lenticulina, 16, 28; pl. 2 

Ulatisian-Narizian Stage, boundary, 29 

Ulatisian Stage, 28, 29, 33, 36, 42, 67, 68 

age, 29, 33, 36 

of Mallory, 42 

umbilica, Reticulofenestra, 31. 38, 53, 56, 61; pl. 9 

umbonata, Anomalina, 64 

Rotalina, 76 

umbonatus, Eponides, 76 

Oridorsalis, 10, 16, 64, 69, 71, 76; pl. 17 

unica1!Us, Catapsydrax, 51 

U.S. Committee on Stratigraphy, 1 

utilisindex, Globigerina, 59 

Uvigerina alabamensis, 11 

auberiana, 65, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 14 

churchi, 64, 68, 77; pl. 14 

cocoaensis, 68, 69, 73, 77 

first occurrence, 68 

species group, 65, 68, 69, 73 

stratigraphic range, 73 

elongata, 7, 11, 17, 64, 77; pis. 3, 14 · 

gallowayi, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 14 

Zone, 70, 73 

Zemorrian Stage, 58, 73 

garzaensis, 65, 68, 77; pl. 14 

nudorobusta, 69 

hispidocostata, 77 

jacksonensis, 69 

stratigraphic range, 69 

lodoensis, 28 

miriamae, 11, 16; pl. 3 

vicksburgensis Zone, 69 

sp., 71 

Uvigerinella obesa impolita, 71, 77 

sparsicostata, 69, 70, 71, 77; pl. 15 

Zone, 71, 73 

Uvigerinids, elongata group, 12 

V,W 

Vaginulinopsis asperuliformis, 11, 22; pl. 2 

INDEX 

Vaginulinopsis-Contin ued 

echinata, 16 

kelleyi, 10, 16 

mexicana, 28 

kerm:, 11, 17; pl. 2 

nudicostata, 10, 17; pl. 2 

saundersi, 19, 64, 77; pl. 12 

sp., 17 

Valvulineria, 12 

allomorphinoides, 11 

araucana, 71, 77; pl. 15 

californica, 71, 72, 77 

childsi, 10, 16 

indiscriminata, 28 

tumeyensis, 65, 68, 77 

Zone, lower Refugian, 69 

sp., of Mallory, 17 

sp., 11 

Vaqueros Formation, Aiio Nuevo Section, 51, 71 

coccoliths. 51 

foraminifers, assemblages, 71, 72 

benthic, 71, 72 

planktic, 51 

stage assignments, 72 

Vaqueros Sandstone, 1 

coccoliths, 52 

San Lorenzo River section, 63 

Zayante Creek section, 70 

variabilis, Discoaster, 51, 61 

vaughani, Plectofrondicularia, 65, 69, 71, 76; pl. 13 

Vedder, J. G., cited, 1 

velascoensis, Morozovella, 19 

Nodosaria, 17 

Subbotina, 19 

Verneuilina, 19 

triangulata, 10, 16, 28; pl. 1 

sp., of Fairchild and others, 69, 71, 77 

sp., pl. 10 

Vertebrate fauna, California, 1 

vesper, Micrantholithus, 31 

vicksburgensis, Bifarina, 10 

Virgulina bramlettei, 75 

californiensis, 75 

dibollensis, 75 

wilcoxensis, 77 

vortex, Lenticulina, 10, 16 

1!Ulgaris, Lagena, 65, 71, 75 

Vulvulina curta, 10, 16 

Wagonwheel Formation, Devils Den area, 30 

Warren, A. D., cited, 41, 44 

washingtonensis, Karreriella, 65, 68, 73, 75; pl. 11 

Weaver, C. E .. cited, 1 

Weaver, D. W., cited, 22 

weaveri, Lenticulina, 10 

wegimanni, Nodogenerina, 77 

Stilostomella, 71, 77; pl. 13 

welchi, Lenticulina, 17, 65, 68, 69, 76; pl. 12 

Robulus, 76 

welleri, Anomalinoides, 10, 16, 19 

wellsi, Eoconuloides, 42, 46; pl. 6 

wemmelensis, Discoaster, 31 

White, R. T., cited, 39, 40 

whitei, Bulimina, 11, 16; pl. 3 

Cibicidoides, 10, 16, 19; pl. 5 

Plectofrondicularia, 10; pl. 2 

wilcoxensis, Acarinina, 19 

Angulogerina, 28; pl. 3 

californica, Alabamina, 16, 22 

Dentalina, 11 

Siphonina, 11, 17, 28; pl. 4 

Spiroloculina, 77 

Trifarina, 65, 77; pl. 15 

Virgulina, 77 

willcoxi, Camerina, 45 

Nummulites, 42, 45; pl. 6 

Operculinoides, 45 

wilsoni, Globorotaloides, 59 

woodi, Globigerina, 51 

Worm tube, 28, 41 

Y,Z 

Ynezian Stage, 28, 29, 33, 36 

age, 29, 36 

type section, 33 

Ynezian-Bulitian Stage boundary, 29, 33 

Zayante Creek, 70 

Zayante Creek section, 52, 59, 70 

coccolith assemblages, 52 

faunal assemblages, 74 

foraminifers, benthic, 69 

planktic, 52 

Santa Cruz Mountains, 49, 70 

Zeauvigerina, sp., 17 

93 

Zemorrian Stage, 36, 38, 52, 53, 58, 59, 69, 70, 71, 72, 

73 

age, 36, 38, 70 

boundary, 70, 71, 73 

criteria, 73 

faunal assemblages, 69, 70, 71 

Uvigerina gallowayi Zone, 58, 73 

Zemorrian Stage-Refugian Stage boundary, 53, 69, 73 

Zemorrian Stage-Saucesian Stage boundary, 52, 59, 

72, 73, 74 

zetina indirecta, F'ursenkoina, 11, 17 

Zone assignments, primary indicators, 59 

Zone P14-P15 boundary, 73 

Zygodiscus adamas, 31 

plectopons, 31 

sigmoides, 38 

Zygolithus dubius, 56, 61; pl. 9 

Zygrhablithus, 61 

bijugatus, 31, 38, 56, 61 

sp., 51. 53 

PLATES 1-17 

[Contact photographs of the plates in this report are available, at cost, 

from U.S. Geological Survey Library, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225] 
PLATE I 

[All samples from either the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area or from the Lodo Gulch section. All figures" 65] 

FIGURE 1. Ammodiscus cf. A. pennyi Cushman and Jarvis 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281H 

2, 3, 4. Cyclammina incisa (Stache) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

5. Cyclammina.simiensis Berry 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

6. Cyclammina cf. C. clarki (Hanna) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1291 

7. Spiroplectammina richardi Martin 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231B 

8, 9. Spiroplectammina directa (Cushman and Siegfus) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281M 

10. Verneuilina triangulata Cook 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231A 

11. Gaudryina coalingensis Cushman and Hanna 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231A 

12. Gaudryina cf. G. laevigata Franke 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

13. Clavulinoides californicus Mallory 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

14. Dorothia germanica Cushman 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

15. Tritaxilina colei Cushman and Siegfus 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

16. Karreriella monumentensis Mallory 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

17. Karreriella mediaguaensis Mallory 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

18. Martinottiella eocenica Cushman and Bermudez 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

19. Silicosigmoilina californica Cushman and Church 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281L 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLATE 1 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 
PLATE2 

[All samples from either the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area or from the Lodo Gulch section] 

FIGURE 1. Lenticulina ulatisensis (Boyd) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1273, x 65 

2, 3. Vaginulinopsis mexicana var. kerni (Cook) 

Lodo Gulch section, samples 76CB 1221G, 76 CB 1231A, x 100 

4, 5. Vaginulinopsis asperuliformis (Nuttall) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231B, x 100 

6. Vaginulinopsis mexicana var. nudicostatus (Cushman and Hanna) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231A, x 15 

7. Amphimorphina ignota Cushman and Siegfus 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281D, x 65 

8. Plectofrondicularia kerni Cook 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231D, x 65 

9. Plectofrondicularia whitei Martin 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231, x 65 

10. Plectofrondicularia minuta Sullivan 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 65 

11, 12. Buliminella grata var. convoluta Mallory 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 65 

13. Buliminella bradburyi (Martin) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 100 

14. Turritilina abbreviata Ten Dam 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1221G, x 65 

15, 16, 17. Aragonia aragonensis (Nuttall) 

Lodo Gulch section, samples 76CB 1221E, x 100 

76CB 1221G, X 200 

76CB 1221G, X 235 

18. Bi{arina eleganta (Plummer) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1221H, x 65 

19. Bifarina nuttalli Cushman and Siegfus 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1633, x 100 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 2 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 
PLATE 3 

[All samples from either the aqueduct section in the Devils Dens area of from the Lodo Gulch section] 

FIGYRES 1-5. Bulimina callahani Galloway and Morrey 

Lodo Gulch section sample 76CB 1231D, 1-4; x 200 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281D, 5; x 120 

6. Bulimina curtissima Cushman and Siegfus 1221G, x 200 

7. Bulimina impendens Parker and Bermudez 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231D, x 200 

8. Bulimina macilenta Cushman and Parker 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231B, x 65 

9, 10. Bulimina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, 9; x 65, 10; x 235 

11, 12. Bulimina whitei Martin 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1273, x 100 

13. Bolivina huneri Howe 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 135 

14. Angulogerina cf. A. wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton 

,Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281C, x 100 

15. Tri{arina advena var. cali{ornica Mallory 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281D, x 100 

16, 17. Uvigerina elongata Cole 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231, 76CB 1231C, x 200 

18, 19, 20. Uvigerina lodoensis var. miriamae Mallory 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1221G, 18; x 200 

76CB 1221G, 19; X 135 

sample 76CB 1221C, 20; x 135 

21. Loxostomoides applinae (Plummer) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231D, x 65 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLATE 3 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 
PLATE4 

[All samples are from either the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area or from the Lodo Gulch section] 

FIGURE 1. Nodosarella advena Cushman and Siegfus 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281E, x 65 

2, 3, 4. Nuttallides truempyi (Nuttall) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 65 

5. Baggatella californica Mallory 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 100 

6, 7. Siphonina cf. jacksonensis Cushman 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 12810, x 135 

8, 9, 10. Siphonina· wilcoxensis Cushman 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281D, x 100 

11, 12. Osangularia tenuicarinata (Cushman and Siegfus) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 100 

13, 14. Osangularia mexicana (Cole) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281, x 165 

15, 16, 17. Globocassidulina globosa Hantken 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231B, 15, 16; x 100, 17; x 665 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLATE 4 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 
PLATES 

[All samples are from either the aqueduct section in the Devils Den area or from the Lodo Gulch section. All figures>< 65] 

FIGURES 1, 2, 3. Anomalinoides acutus (Plummer) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231C 

4, 5, 6. Anomalinoides crassiseptus (Cushman and Siegfus) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281H 

7, 8, 9. Anomalinoides aragonensis (Cole) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231G 

10, 11, 12. Anomalinoides keeni (Martin) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231B 

13, 14, 15. Anomalinoides garzaensis (Cushman and Siegfus) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281 

16, 17, 18. Cibicidoides beatus (Martin) 

Lodo Gulch section, sample 76CB 1231C 

19,20, 21. Cibicidoides grimsdalei (Nuttall) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281J 

22, 23, 24. Cibicidoides fortunatus (Martin) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1284 

25, 26, 27. Cibicidoides whitei (Martin) 

Aqueduct section, sample 76CB 1281J 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLATE 5 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES 
PLATE 6 

[All figures" 20] 

FIGURES 1, 2, 14. Amphistegina parvula (Cushman) (p. 46) 

1, Equatorial section; 2, Subaxial section, locality 76CB1633 (Devils Den) 

14, Axial section, locality 71CB971B (San Jose) 

3, 13. Eoconuloides lopeztrigoi (D. K. Palmer) (p. 46) 

3, Axial section, locality 76CB1634 (Devils Den) 

13, Axial section, 71CB971B (San Jose) 

4. Eoconuloides wellsi Cole and Bermudez (p. 46) 

Subequatorial section, 76CB1634 (Devils Den) 

5. Pseudophragmina sp. 

Axial section, 76CB1641 (Devils Den) 

6, 7, 10. Nummulites willcoxi Heilprin (p. 45) 

6, 7, Subaxial section; 10, Equatorial section, 71CB983C (San Jose) 

8, 16. Eofabiana grahami Kupper (p. 47) 

8, Locality 71CB983C (San Jose); 

16, Osbun 49-6 (Sveadal) 

9. Nummulites striatoreticulatus L. Rutten (p. 45) 

Axial section, 71CB983C (San Jose) 

11. Asterocyclina aster (Woodring) (p. 47) 

Subequatorial section, 71CB983C (San Jose) 

12. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclirw,) flintensis (Cushman) (p. 46) 

Axial section 

15. Sphaerogypsina sp. Osbun 49-6 (Sveadal) 

17. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) clarki (Cushman)(p. 47) 

Axial section (A); Locality Osbun 1-1B (Sveadal) 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 6 

15 17 13 

LARGE FORAMINIFERS FROM CALIFORNIA 
PLATE 7 

[Scale bar varies] 

FIGURES 1, 2. Chiloguembelina cubensis (Palmer). I, Side view, sample Mf1350. 2, Edge view offig.l. Scale bar=30J..Lm for 

both. (p. 59) 

3, 6. Pseudohastigerina lillisi (Church). 3, Side view, sample Mf1351. 6, Edge view, sample Mf1351. Scale bar=lOO 

J.Lm for both. (p. 60) 

4, 5. Pseudohastigerina micra (Cole). 4, Side view, sample Mf1351. 5, Edge view, sample Mf1351. Scale bar=30J..Lm 

for both. (p. 60) 

7-9. Giimbelitria columbiana Howe. All specimens from sample Mf4746. 7, Oblique spiral view. 8, Oblique 

urn hili cal view. Scale bar-30 J..lffi for all. (p. 60) 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PIAn: 7 

PlANKTIC FORAMINIFERS FROM SAN LORENZO FORMATION 
PLATES 

[Scale bar varies] 

FIGUR-ES 1-4. Globorotalia nana Bolli. All specimens from the Vaqueros(?) Formation, Aiio Nuevo section. 1, Umbilical 

view, sample Mf4665. 2, Side view, sample Mf4664. 4, Spiral view, sample Mf4665. Scale bar-30 f...Lm for 

all. (p. 60) 

5, 6. Globorotalia sp. aff. G. munda Jenkins. Both specimens from sample Mf4665 in the Vaqueros(?) Formation, 

Aiio Nuevo section. 5, Umbilical view. 6, Side view. Scale bar-30 f...Lm for both. (p. 60) 

7, 8. Globigerina praeturritilina Blow and Banner. 7, Oblique umbilical view, sample Mf3305 from the Twobar 

Shale Member of the San Lorenzo Formation, San Lorenzo River section. 8, Oblique side view of fig. 7. 

Scale bar=100f...Lm for both. (p. 59) 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLATE 8 

PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERS FROM ANO NUEVO AND SAN LORENZO RIVER SECTIONS 
PLATE9 

[All figures are photomicrographs at the same magnification; scale bar equals 5 /w{m. B F, bright field; XP, cross-polarized light] 

FIGURES 1, 2. Bramletteius serraculoides Gartner. Sample Mf3301 from the Butano Sandstone in the San Lorenzo River 

section. 1, XP. 2, BF. 

3, 4. Coccolithus formosus Kamptner. Sample Mf3306 from the Twobar Shale Member in the San Lorenzo River 

section. 3, XP. 4, BF. 

5. Daktylethra punctulata Gartner. Sample Mf3306 from the Two bar Shale Member in the San Lorenzo River 

section; XP. 

6. Discoaster barbadiensis Tan. Sample Mf3301 from the Butano Sandstone in the San Lorenzo River section; 

BF. 

7. Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel. Sample Mf4668 from the Vaqueros(?) Formation in the Afio 

Nuevo section; BF. 

8. Discoaster nodifer (Bramlette and Riedel). Sample Mf3301 from the Butano Sandstone in the San Lorenzo 

River section; BF. 

9. Discoaster saipanensis Bramlette and Riedel. Sample Mf3306 from the Twobar Shale Member in the San 

Lorenzo River section; BF. 

10, 11. Dictyococcites bisectus (Hay, Mohler, and Wade). Sample Mf4664 from the Vaqueros(?) Formation in the 

Afio Nuevo section. 10, BF. 11, XP. 

12, 13. Lanternithus minutus Stradner. Sample Mf3306 from the Twobar Shale Member in the San Lorenzo River 

section. 12, BF. 13, XP. 

14. Micrantholithus altus Bybell and Gartner. Sample Mf3306 from the Twobar Shale Member in the San 

Lorenzo River section; BF. 

15. Reticulofenestra reticulata(Gartner and Smith). Sample Mf3306 from the Twobar Shale Member in the San 

Lorenzo River section; XP. 

16. Reticulofenestra umbilica (Levin). Sample Mf3301 from the Butano Sandstone in the San Lorenzo River 

section; XP. 

17. Sphenolithus furcatolithoides Locker, below; Sphenolithus spiniger Bukry, above. Sample Mf3301 from the 

Butano Sandstone in the San Lorenzo River section; XP. 

18, 19. Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre. Sample Mf4668 from the Vaqueros(?) Formation in the Afio Nuevo 

section; XP. 18, Basal spines. 19, Apical and basal spines. 

20, 21. Sphenolithus pseudoradians Bramlette and Wilcoxon. Sample Mf3301 from the Butano Sandstone in the 

San Lorenzo River section. 20, BF. 21, XP. 

22. Zygolithus dubius Deflandre. Samp~e Mf3306 from the Twobar Shale Member in the San Lorenzo River 

section; BF. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 9 

2 3 4 5 

6 7 8 9 

10 11 12 13 14' 

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 

22 

CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 10 

1. Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman and Hanna, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 300 f..Lm. USNM no. 262082 

2. Reophax pilulifer Brady, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 300 f..Lm. USNM no. 

262083 

3. Haplaphragmoides deflata Sullivan, Mf1352 (field no. 76CB1354), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 

. f..Lm. USNM no. 262084 

4. Haplaphragmoides sp. #1, Mf1352 (field no. 76CB1354), San Lorenzo River section. Bar. equals 100 f..Lm. 

USNM no. 262085 

5. Haplaphragmoides sp.. Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 f..Liri. 

USNM no. 262086 

6. Cyclammina cancellata Brady obesa Cushman and Laiming, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo 

section. Bar equals 1 mm. USNM no. 262087 

7. Bolivina marginata Cushman, Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell, and Orthomorphina rohri 

(Cushman and Stainforth) attached to the test of Cyclammina cancellata Brady obesa Cushman and 

Laiming, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 300 f..Lm. 

8. Spiroplectammina richardi Martin, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 

f..Lm. USNM no. 262088 

9. Spiroplectammina directa (Cushman and Siegfus), Mf1360 (field no. EB256A), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262089 

10. Verneuilina sp., Mf4683 (field no. 76CB1603), Zayante Creek section. Bar equals 100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262090 

11. Verneuilina sp., Mf4683 (field no. 76CB1603), Zayante Creek section. Bar equals 30 f..Lm. 

12. Gaudryina gracilis Cushman and Laiming, Mf4682 (field no. 76CB1602, Zayante Creek section. Bar equals 

100f..Lm. USNM no. 262092 

13. Gaudryina gracilis Cushman and Laiming, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 

f..Lm. USNM no. 262093 

14. Gaudryina triangularis Cushman, Mf4682 (field no. 76CB1602), Zayante Creek section. Bar equals 100 f..Lm. 

USNM no. 262094 

15. Dorothia cubana (Cushman and Bermudez), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262095 

16. Eggerella elongata Blaisdell, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 f..Lm. 

USNM no. 262096 

17. Eggerella subconica Parr, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J.Lm. 

USNM no. 262097 , 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PIAlE 10 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 11 

1. Karreriella elongata Mallory, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262098 

2. Karreriella washingtonensis Rau, Mf1360 (field no. EB256A3), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 

J.lm. USNM no. 262099 

3. Martinottiella eocenica Cushman and Bermudez, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451, San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262100 

4. Martinottiella patens (Cushman and Laiming), Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 

300 J.lm. USNM no. 262101 

5. Plectina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262102 

6. Plectina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 300 J.lm. USNM no. 262103 

7, 8. Quinqueloculina minuta Beck, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River Section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262104 

9. Nodosaria gyrata Mallory, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262105 

10. Nodosatia parexilis senti{era Cushman and Parker, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262106 

11. Dentalina cooperensis Cushman, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262107 

12. Dentalina quadrulata Cushman and Laiming, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 

100 J.lm. USNM no. 262108 

13. Dentalina sp., M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262109 

14. Dentalinaspinosa ornatiorSmith, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 300 

J.lm. USNM no. 262110 

15. Lagena acuticosta Reuss, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), A:iio Nuevo section. Bar equals 30 J.1m. USNM 

no. 262111 

16. Lagena semistriata Williamson, Mf2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 30 J.1m. 

USNM no. 262112 

17. Lenticulina barbati (Cushman and Hobson), Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 

300 J.lm. USNM no. 262113 

18. Lenticulina calcar (Linne), Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM 

no. 262114 

19. Lenticulina cf. L. clypeiformis d'Orbigny, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 300 

J.lm. USNM no. 262115 

20. Lenticulina insuetus (Cushman and Stainforth), Mf1350 (field no. 76CB1352), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262116 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 11 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 12 

1. Lenticulina insuetus (Cushman and Stainforth), Mf1356 (field no. EB256B), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 300 IJ.m. USNM no. 262117 

2. Lenticulina midwayensis (Plummer), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

300 IJ.m. USNM no. 262118 

3. Lenticulina pseudocultratus (Cole), Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 IJ.m. 

USNM no. 2621109 

4. Lenticulina pseudovortex (Cole), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 IJ.m. 

USNM no. 262120 

5. Lenticulina sp., Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 !J.m. USNM 

no.262121 

6. Lenticulina sp., Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 300 IJ.m. USNM no. 262122 

7. Lenticulina spp., Mf304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 300 !J.m. USNM 

no.262123 

8. Lenticulina welchi (Church), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 IJ.m. 

lJSNM no. 262124 

9. ?Marginulina sp., Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 IJ.m. USNM 

no.262125 

10. Marginulina subbullata Hantken, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 

IJ.m. USNM no. 262126 

11. Orthomorphina rohri (Cushman and Stainforth), Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section:. Bar 

equals 300 IJ.m. USNM no. 262127 

12. Pseudonodosaria gallowayi (Cushman), Mf4682 (field no. 76CB1602), Zayante Creek section. Bar equals 100 

IJ.m. USNM no. 262128 

13. Saracenaria schencki Cushman and Hobson, Mf1360 (field no. ·EB256A3), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 IJ.m. USNM no. 262129 

14. Vaginulinopsis saundersi (Hanna arid Hanna), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 300 IJ.m. USNM no. 262130 

15. Plectofrondicularia miocenica directa Cushman and Laiming, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo 

section. Bar equals 300 IJ.m. USNM no. 262131 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 12 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 13 

1. Plectofrondicularia packardi Cushman and Schenck, Mf1360 (field no. EB256A), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262132 

2. Plectofrondicularia packardi multilineata Cushman and Simonson, Mf1360 (field no. EB256A), San Lorenzo 

River section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262133 

3. Plecto{rondicularia vaughani Cushman, Mf1360 (field no. EB256A), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262134 

4. Amphimorphina becki Mallory, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 

J..Lm. USNM no. 262135 

5. Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny), Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Afio Nuevo section. Bar equals 30 J..Lm. 

USNM no. 262136 

6. Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. 

USNM no. 262137 

7. Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. 

USNM no. 262138 

8. Bolivina kleinpelli Beck, Mf2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM 

no.262139 

9. Bolivina marginata Cushman, Mf2701 (field no. EB675), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. 

USNM no. 262140 

10. Bolivina marginata Cushman, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM 

no.262141 

11. Bolivina marginata Cushman, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM 

no.262142 

12. Bolivina scabrata Cushman and Bermudez, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 30 J..Lm. USNM no. 262143 

13. Bolivina sp., Mf4661 (field no. 76CB1451), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262144 

14. Bolivinoides mexicanus (Cole), Mf1351 (field no. 76CB1353), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J..Lm. 

USNM no. 262145 

15. Cassidulinoides californiensis Bramlette, Mf2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

30 J..Lm. USNM no. 262146 

16. Stichocassidulina cf. S. thalmani Stone, Mallory, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262147 

17. Stilostomella advena (Cushman and Laiming), Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 

100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262148 

18. Stilostomella wegimanni (Cole), Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Afio Nuevo section. Bar equals 300·J..Lm. USNM 

no.262149 · 

19. Bulimina carneroensis Cushman and Kleinpell, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. B~u equals 

100 J..Lm. USNM no. 262150 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 13 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 14 

1. Bulimina carneroensis Cushman and Kleinpell, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 

100 1-1m. USNM no. 262151 

2. Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus, Mf1357 (field no. EB256K), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262152 

3. Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 30 /.liD. USNM no. 262153 

4. Bulimina curtissima Cushman and Siegfus, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262154 

5. Bulimina inflata alligata Cushman and Laiming, Mf2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262155 

6. Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker, Mf1531 (field no. 76CB1353), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262156 

7. Bulimina sculptilis lacinata Cushman and Parker, Mf1356 (field no. EB256B), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262157 

8. Bulimina sculptilis lacinata Cushman and Parker, Mf1356 (field no. EB256B), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262158 

9. Globobulimina pacifica Cushman, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 /.liD. 

USNM no. 262159 

10. Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 /.liD. 

USNM no. 262161 

11. Uvigerina auberiana d'Orbigny, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 /.liD. 

USNM no. 262161. 

12. Uvigerina churchi Cushman and Siegfus, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262162 

13. Uvigerina elongata Cole, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 /.liD. 

USNM no. 262163 

14. Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 /.liD. USNM 

no.262164 

15. Uvigerina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, Mf1356 (field no. EB256B), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262165 

16. Siphogenerina mayi Cushman and Parker, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 

1-1m. USNM no. 262166 

17. Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 100 /.liD. USNM no. 262167 

18. Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and· Kleinpell, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 300 1-1m. USNM no. 262168 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLATE 14 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 15 

1. Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 300 f...Lm. USNM no. 262169 

2. Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 300 f...Lm. USNM no. 262170 · . 

3. Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell, Mf4665 '(field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 300 f...Lm. USNM no. 262171 _ 

4. Siphogenerina nodifera Cushman and Kleinpell, Mf4682 (field. no. 76CB1602), Zayante Creek section. Bar 

equals 300 f...Lm. USNM no. 262172 . ,. ,· 

5. Trifarina wilcoxensis (Cushman and Ponton), Mfl531 (field no .. 75CB1353), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 f...Lm. USNM no. 262173 : ) 

6. Uvigerinella sparsicostata Cushman and Laiming, Mf4683 (field'no. 76CB1603), Zayante Creek section. Bar 

· equals 100 f...Lm. USNM no. 262174 · 

7. Baggina robusta Kleinpell, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio ·Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 f...Lm. USNM 

no.262175 

8. Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny), Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 f...lm. 

USNM no. 262176 

9. Bi{arina eleganta (Plummer), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 f...Lm. 

USNM no. 262177 

10, 11, 12. ?Neoeponides sp., Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 f...Lm. USNM 

no.262178 

13. Cibicides floridanus (Cushman), Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 f...Lm. 

USNM no. 262179 

14, 15. Cibicides americanus crassiseptus Cushman and Laiming, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. 

Bar equals 100 f...Lm. USNM no. 262180 

16. Cibicides haydoni (Cushman and Schenck), Mf1360 (field no. EB2456A) San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 f...Lm. USNM no. 262181 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 15 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS. 
PLATE 16 

FIGURE 1. Cibicides pseudoungerianus evolutus Cushman and Hobson, M£2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River 

section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262182 

2, 3. Cibicides spiropunctatus Galloway and Morrey, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262183 

4. Pleurostomella alternans Schwager, M£3304 (field no. 76C B1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

30 J.lm. USNM no. 262184 

5. Nodosarella atlantisae hispidula (Cushman), M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 2621'85 

6. Nodosarella atlantisae hispidula (Cushman), M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 26218~ 

7. Fursenkoina bramlettei (Galloway ~nd Morrey), Mf4667 (field no. 76CB1541), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 

100 J.lm. USNM no. 262187 

8. Fursenkoina bramletti (Galloway and Morrey), Mf1531 (field no. 75CB1353), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262188 

9. Fursenkoina californiensis (Cushman), M£3304 (field no. 75CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

30 J.lm. USNM no. 262189 

10. Furs'enkoina dibollensis (Cushman and Applin), M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262190 

11. Cassidulina crassipunctata Cushman and Hobson, M£2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262191 

12. Cassidulina crassipunctata Cushman and Hobson, Mf1360 (field no. EB256A), San Lorenzo River section. 

Bar equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262192 

13. Cassidulina diversa Cushman and Stone, M£3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 J.lm. USNM no. 262193 

14. Nonionella miocenica Cushman, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262194 

15. Nonionella miocenica Cushman, M£2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262195 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PLAlE 16 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
PLATE 17 

FIGURE 1, 2. Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 J.lm. 

USNM no. 262196 

3. Pullenia miocenica Kleinpell, Mf4664 (field no. 76CB1531), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 f..Lm. USNM 

no.262197 

4. Gyroidina orbicularis planata Cushman, Mf2700 (field no. EB395D), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262198 

5, 6. Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 100 f..Lm. 

USNM no. 262199 

7. Anomalina californiensis Cushman and Hobson, Mf4665 (field no. 76CB1532), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar 

equals 100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262200 

8, 9. Anomalina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus, Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar 

equals 100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262201 

10. Anomalina salinasensis Kleinpell, Mf4661 (field no. 76CB1541), Aiio Nuevo section. Bar equals 100 f..Lm. 

USNM no. 262202 

11, 12. Boldia hodgei (Cushman and Schenck), Mf3304 (field no. 76CB1451), San Lorenzo River section. Bar equals 

100 f..Lm. USNM no. 262203 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1213, PlATE 17 

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS 
q 

(J 

: