# Appendix C Air Quality Data

## 2 

# Appendix C.1 Air Quality Data

Table of Contents

## 3 Table 1. Quarterly Average PM 2.5 

## Values ( μ g/m 3 

## ) for the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Area .................................................................................................3 Table 2. Annual Average PM 2.5 

## Values ( μ g/m 3 

## ) for the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Areas................................................................................................4 Table 3. 3-year Current PM 2.5 

## Design Values ( μ g/m 3 

## ) for the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Areas...........................................................................................4 Table 4. Summary table PM 2.5 

## Values used for Designations in the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Areas......................................................,...................5 Figure 1. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for the northern Kentucky area, as determined by data from th e Speciated Trends Network monitors....................6 Figure 2. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for the Ashland area in Kentucky, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.............7 Figure 3. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for Jefferson County, Kentucky, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.............8 Figure 4. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for Jefferson County, Kentucky, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.............9

## 4 Table 1. Quarterly Average PM 2.5 

## Values ( μ g/m 3 

## ) for the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Areas. AIRS ID County Site Name Quarter 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1 13.7 13.4 12.0 12.4 11.4 13.0 11.1 12.0 2 16.4 15. 5 17.9 13.1 13.0 15.2 13.9 16.4 3 17. 5 21.0 21.6 19.4 17.9 22.8 19.6 18. 5 4 15.0 11.2 10.7 10.8 10.9 13.1 10.4 10.5 1 15.6 15.6 11.6 12.9 11.6 14.6 10. 8 12.5 2 15. 5 16.0 15. 5 13.7 13.7 16.1 14.7 17. 5 3 19.0 19.9 20.7 20.3 18.1 20.4 19.9 20.0 4 15.6 10. 8 11.1 10.5 11.1 14.1 11.1 11.6 1 13.7 15.8 11.4 12.3 11.3 12.2 11.5 x 2 15.6 14.7 15.3 13.3 12.8 14.5 x x 3 15.2 14.0 21.9 18.2 16.6 21.3 x 18.1 4 15.9 9.3 10.7 9.9 10.5 11.4 x 11.0 1 14. 8 16.4 10.8 13.7 11.8 14.1 10.4 12.0 2 16. 5 15.1 14.9 14.1 13.3 14.8 12.6 16.1 3 17.1 19.3 22.2 18.9 17.9 22.3 19.2 17. 5 4 16. 5 10.2 12.3 10.5 10.8 12.3 10.9 11.6 1 15.0 17.1 12.0 14.6 12.5 14.8 12.1 12.0 2 15.8 x 16.4 16.3 14.5 16.4 13.7 16.6 3 20.9 x 26.4 20.9 18.0 21.2 21.3 19.2 4 17.6 x 13.8 12.0 13.0 14.5 12. 8 12.6 1 15.0 17.3 12.1 14.7 12.4 14.4 12.0 11.5 2 15.7 16.6 17.6 15.1 13.5 15.2 15.1 16.3 3 19.0 22.9 26. 5 20.2 17.8 21.1 21.0 19.3 4 17.0 14.2 13.6 11.6 12.5 15.2 12.6 12.5 1 14.7 16.6 10.9 13.9 10.8 14.7 11.5 12.5 2 16.4 16.1 16.0 14.6 13.9 15.3 13.6 16.7 3 19.3 21.9 25.3 21.3 18.2 21. 5 20. 5 19.1 4 16.4 13.0 13.5 12.3 11.9 15.6 10.3 12.3 1 13. 8 15.4 11.1 13.5 11.1 13.6 12.0 12.9 2 17.4 15.2 17.9 14.9 12.2 16.2 14.5 16.9 3 18.8 21.1 20.9 20.8 16.7 21.6 17.9 20.1 4 17.2 13.5 13.0 10.5 10.6 14.5 10.4 12.9 Quarterly average PM2.5 values are presented in micrograms per meter cubed (ug/m3). Bolded values represent quarters whose average values exceed the level of the annual PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (i.e. greater than 15.0 μ g/m3).

21-111-0048 Jefferson Barret 21-037-0003 Campbell NKU 21-117-0007 Kenton Covington

21-111-0051 Jefferson Watson 21-111-0043 Jefferson 37th 21-111-0044 Jefferson Beecher 21-019-0017 Boyd Ashland 21-029-0006 Bullitt Shepherdsville

## 5 Annual Avera g e PM 2.5 

## Values ( μ g/m 3 

## ) for the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment AIRS ID County Site Name 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 21-019-

0017 Boyd Ashland 15.7 15.3 15.5 13.9 13.3 16.0 13.8 14.3 21-029-

0006 Bullitt Shepherdsville 16.4 15.6 14.7 14.4 13.6 16.3 14.1 15.4 21-037-

0003 Campbell NKU 15.1 13.4 14.8 13.4 12.8 14.8 11.5 14.6 21-117-

0007 Kenton Covington 16.3 15.3 15.1 14.3 13.4 15.9 13.3 14.3 21-111-

0043 Jefferson 37th 17.3 17.1 17.2 16.0 14.5 16.7 15.0 15.1 21-111-

0044 Jefferson Beecher 16.7 17.7 17.5 15.4 14.1 16.5 15.2 14.9 21-111-

0048 Jefferson Barret 16.7 16.9 16.4 15.5 13.7 16.8 14.0 15.1 21-111-

0051 Jefferson Watson 16.8 16.3 15.7 14.9 12.6 16.5 13.7 15.7 Annual average PM2.5 values are presented in micrograms per meter cubed (ug/m3). Source: USEPA/AQS. Bolded values represent annual average values that exceed the level of the annual PM2.5 National Ambient Air Qua lity Standard (i.e. greater than 15.0 ug/m 3 

## ). 

## Table 3. 3-year Current PM 2.5 

## Design Values ( μ g/m 3 

## ) for the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Areas. AIRS ID County Site Name 2000- 2002 2001- 2003 2002- 2004 2003- 2005 2004- 2006 2005- 2007 21-019-

0017 Boyd Ashland 15.5 14.9 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.7 21-029-

0006 Bullitt Shepherdsville 15.6 14.9 14.2 14.8 14.7 15.3 21-037-

0003 Campbell NKU 14.4 13.9 13.7 13.7 13.1 13.6 21-117-

0007 Kenton Covington 15.5 14.9 14.3 14.5 14.2 14.5

## 6 21-111-

0043 Jefferson 37th 17.2 16.7 15.9 15.7 15.4 15.6 21-111-

0044 Jefferson Beecher 17.3 16.9 15.6 15.3 15.2 15.5 21-111-

0048 Jefferson Barret 16.7 16.3 15.2 15.3 14.8 15.3 21-111-

0051 Jefferson Watson 16.3 15.6 14.4 14.7 14.3 15.3 PM2.5 design values are presented in micrograms per meter cubed (ug/m3). Source: USEPA/AQS Bolded values represent annual average valu es that exceed the level of the annual PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (i.e. greater than 15.0 ug/m 3 

## ).


## Table 4. Summary table PM 2.5 

## Values used for Designations in the Kentucky portions of the Nonattainment Areas.

AIRS

ID County Site Name Year Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Annual Average Design Value 2001 13.4 15.5 21.0 11.2 15.3 2002 12.0 17.9 21.6 10.7 15.5 21- 019- 0017 Boyd Ashland 2003 12.4 13.1 19.4 10.8 13.9 14.9 2001 15.6 16.0 19.9 10.8 15.6 2002 11.6 15.5 20.7 11.1 14.7 21- 029- 0006 Bullitt Shepherdsville 2003 12.9 13.7 20.3 10.5 14.4 14.9 2001 15.8 14.7 14.0 9.3 13.4 2002 11.4 15.3 21.9 10.7 14.8 21- 037- 0003 Campbell NKU 2003 12.3 13.3 18.2 9.9 13.4 13.9 2001 16.4 15.1 19.3 10.2 15.3 2002 10.8 14.9 22.2 12.3 15.1 21- 117- 0007 Kenton Covington 2003 13.7 14.1 18.9 10.5 14.3 14.9 2001 17.1 x x x x 2002 12.0 16.4 26.4 13.8 17.2 21- 111- 0043 Jefferson 37th 2003 14.6 16.3 20.9 12.0 16.0 16.8 2001 17.3 16.6 22.9 14.2 17.7 21- 111- Jefferson Beecher 2002 12.1 17.6 26.5 13.6 17.5 16.9

## 7 0044 2003 14.7 15.1 20.2 11.6 15.4 2001 16.6 16.1 21.9 13.0 16.9 2002 10.9 16.0 25.3 13.5 16.4 21- 111- 0048 Jefferson Barret 2003 13.9 14.6 21.3 12.3 15.5 16.3 2001 15.4 15.2 21.1 13.5 16.3 2002 11.1 17.9 20.9 13.0 15.7 21- 111- 0051 Jefferson Watson 2003 13.5 14.9 20.8 10.5 14.9 15.6

## 8 Covington - University College AIRS Code 211170007 POC 5 (ROUTINE) Date(s): 1/4/2004 - 12/29/2004 Average Concentration (μg/m3) Nitrate 12%

Sulfate 31%

Ammonium 12% Organic carbon 24% Elemental carbon 4% Crustal component 3% Other 14%



## Figure 1. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for the northern Kentucky area, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.

## 9 Ashland Health Department AIRS Code 210190017 POC 5 (ROUTINE) Date(s): 1/4/2004 - 12/29/2004 Average Concentration (μg/m3) Nitrate

6%

Sulfate 30%

Ammonium 10% Organic carbon 27% Elemental carbon 4% Crustal component 3% Other 20%



## Figure 2. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for the Ashland area in Kentucky, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.

## 10 Southwick Community Center AIRS Code 211110043 POC 5 (ROUTINE) Date(s): 1/4/2004 - 12/29/2004 Average Concentration (μg/m3) Nitrate 10%

Sulfate 29%

Ammonium 11% Organic carbon 25% Elemental carbon 4% Crustal component 4% Other 17%



## Figure 3. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for the Jefferson County area in Kentucky, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.

## 11 APCD (Barret) AIRS Code 211110048 POC 5 (ROUTINE) Date(s): 1/4/2004 - 12/29/2004 Average Concentration (μg/m3) Nitrate 11%

Sulfate 26%

Ammonium 11% Organic carbon 25% Elemental carbon 4% Crustal component 5% Other 18%



## Figure 4. The 2004 Average Percent Composition of PM 2.5 

## for the Jefferson County area in Kentucky, as determined by data from the Speciated Trends Network monitors.

# Appendix C.2 Air Quality Data Used for Modeling

# 1. Air Quality Data for 2002 As part of the Visibility Improvement State a nd Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) Phase I modeling study, the VISTAS emissions and air quality modeling team of ENVIRON International Corporation, Alpine Geophysics (AG) and the University of California at Riverside (UCR) compiled ambient monitoring data for both gas and particulate species to be used in the VISTAS regional haze model performance evaluati on. UCR took the lead in this activity. The contractor’s report (found in Attach ment C.1) describes the sources of the ambient data and the steps taken in the processing and quality assuranc e (QA) of the data. In addition, the ambient data is being processed and formatted in prepar ation for use in software packages designed for the model performance evaluation. The goal was to preprocess the ambient data and present plots of ambien t data on the project website so model performance evaluations when the model simulations were completed. The ambient data are available from the follo wing 9 monitoring networ ks or databases: • EPA’s AQS (Environmental Protection Agen cy’s Air Quality System) database • PAMS (Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations) • IMPROVE (The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visu al Environments) • SEARCH (Southeastern Aerosol Re search and Characterization) • EPA’s STN (Speciati on Trends Network) • NADP (National Atmospheric Deposition Program) • CASTNET (Clean Air Status and Trend Network) • PM Supersites • NARSTO SOS99 Aircraft data (for the July 1999 episode only) • TVA measurement network • Georgia Institute of Technology Assessmen t of Spatial Aerosol Composition in Atlanta (ASACA) monitors. Note that there is some overlap in the above monitoring networks . For example, some data from PAMS (such as ozone and nitrogen oxides) are included in the AQS database, and it appears that the STN network may also include speciated par ticulate matter data from IMPROVE and other monitoring networks. Attachment C.1 contains maps of many of the existing and planned (as of January 2002) urban and rural fine particulate matter speciation networks. The available data from the above monitoring networks for the th ree episodes of VISTAS regional haze modeling (July 9-22, 1999, July 7-28, 2001 and January 1- 21, 2002) was obtained. The attempt was made to reconcile data from the various networks and to perform a high level QA of the ambient data. The monitoring networks, the available data, and QA efforts are described in their entirety in the previously mentioned VISTAS report. Additional data used in the air quality mode ling include the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). TOMS data is available fo r 24-hour average and is obtained from http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/eptoms/ep.html . The TOMS data is used in the CMAQ radiation model (JPROC) to calculate photolysis rates.

## 1.1 Quality Assurance -- Overview The VISTAS Phase II emissions and air qua lity modeling team received emissions, meteorological and air quality data from other VISTAS contractors or other sources. As a first line of QA, a Gatekeeper function was defined to assure the data have been received correctly, evaluate the quality of the data, and docume nt the data received. Separate air quality, meteorological and emissions Gatekeepers have b een identified whose roles are defined below. In addition, a Data Management Gatekeeper ha s been defined who will post data, reports and results to the project website and archiv e all key data generated in the project. • Air Quality Data Gatekeeper . Obtain air quality data as appropriate for model input development and model performance evaluati on and assure quality of all air quality data obtained, consistent with approved QA pl an. This gatekeeper will also provide documentation of evaluation and generate IC/BC inputs for CMAQ for all modeling runs. • 

## Meteorological Gatekeeper . Obtain meteorologi cal data, as MM5 or MCIP files, as appropriate for annual 2002 modeling runs and other episode periods and perform data quality checks as approved in QA plan together with appropriate documentation of model performance evaluation activities. 1.2 Quality Assurance of Air Quality Data In gathering data from the monitoring networks it is assumed that the agency or researcher responsible for collecting the data performed quality assurance on the data. However, it is possible that the data sets may contain e rroneous data (i.e., missing data, zeros during calibration, unrealistic values, etc). Due to poor documentation or poor formatting of some data sets it is also possible that mist akes may be made in our processing of the data. To guard against this possibility, a plan to pe rform a high level QA by visually inspecting time-series plots and scatter plots of the ambient data was developed and is outlined as follows: Plots of Time Series Time series plots are generated for PAMS sp ecies. The plots should be inspected for the following: • Large "jumps" or "dips" in the concentrations • Periodicity of peaks, calibration carryover • Unexpected diurnal beha vior (i.e., isoprene) • Unexpected relationships among species • High single-hour concentrations of less abundant species

## Scatter Plots Scatter plots may be prepared for the following: • Total NMOC vs. species group totals, vs. individual species • Benzene vs. Toluene, Acetylene, Ethane • Scatter plots comparing data for a single species measured with different sampling methods • Plots of reconstructed mass versus measured mass (to reveals if anything unusual is happening with the chemical measurements) • Plots of molal particulate ammonium versus the molal sum of sulfate and particulate nitrate (as a sanity check on the ion bala nce in the PM chemical measurements) If data is identified that appears flawed it will be flagged and either corrected if the error is in the processing step, or removed from the data set. Further detail on the quality assu rance of air quality data modeling data can be found in the VISTAS document in Attachment C.1. Additiona l information on quality assurance procedures can be found in the QAPP, as referenced in Appendix G of the SIP.

# Attachment C.1 Review and Assessment of Available Ambient Air Quality Data to Support Modeling and

Modeling Performance Evaluation for the Three VISTAS Phase I Episodes

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## Draft VISTAS Emissions and Air Quality Modeling— Phase I Task 3 Report: Review and Assessment of Available Ambient

Air Quality Data to Support Modeling and Modeling Performance Evaluation for the Three VISTAS Phase I Episodes Prepared by: ENVIRON International Corporation 101 Rowland Way Novato, California 94945

Alpine Geophysics LLC 3479 Reeves Drive Ft. Wright, Kentucky 41017 UC Riverside

CE-CERT 1084 Columbia Avenue Riverside, California 92507 UC Davis Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Davis, California 95616 Revised July 22, 2003 101 Rowland Way, Suite 220, Novato, CA 94945 415.899.0700

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## i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0. SUMMARY.......................................................................................1-1 2.0. EPA’S AIR QUALIT Y SYSTEM (AQS)...................................................2-1 3.0. PHOTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT MONITORING STATIONS (PAMS) ............................................................................3-1 4.0. INTERAGENCY MONITORING OF PROTECTED VISUAL ENVIRONMEN TS (IMPROVE) ................................................4-1 5.0. SOUTHEASTERN AEROSOL RESEARCH AND CHARACTERIZATIO N (SEARCH) .......................................................5-1 6.0. SPECIATION TRENDS NETWORK (STN)..............................................6-1 7.0. NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION PROGRAM (NADP)................7-1 8.0. CLEAN AIR STATUS AND TR END NETWORK ( CASTNet).......................8-1 9.0. PM SUPE RSITES...............................................................................9-1 10.0. AIRCRAF T DATA............................................................................ 10-1 11.0. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE .......................................................... 11-1 APPENDICES Appendix A: Locations of Speciated PM and IMPROVE Monitors

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## ii TABLES Table 2-1. Currently available hourly concentration data from AQS for three VIST AS episode selections....................................2-2 Table 3-1. Species measur ed in PAMS network. ................................................3-2 Table 4-1. Species of PM 2.5 

## measured in IMPR OVE network.................................4-2 Table 4-2. Species mappings for IMPROVE species............................................4-4 Table 4-3. Definitions of CMAQ speci es names used in Table 4-2...........................4-5 Table 5-1. PM 2.5 

## species measured in search network. .........................................5-1 Table 5-2. Coarse PM species me asured in search network. ..................................5-2 Table 6-1. Species of PM 2.5 

## measured in ST N network.........................................6-1 Table 8-1. Species mappings for CASTNET species............................................8-2 Table 9-1. Locations of PM Supe rsites. ...........................................................9-1 FIGURES Figure 2-1. Overlap among ambient data collected from several monitoring networks...........................................................2-1 Figure 2-2. Distribution of average ambient O3 concentrations (July 9-22, 1999). .....................................................2-4 Figure 2-3. Distribution of average ambient PM 2.5 

## Concentrations (July 9-22, 1999). ....................................................2-5 Figure 2-4. Distribution of average ambient NO2 concentrations (July 9-22, 1999). .....................................................2-6 Figure 2-5. Distribution of average ambient CO concentrations (July 9-22, 1999). .....................................................2-7 Figure 2-6. Distribution of average ambient SO2 concentrations (July 9-22, 1999). .....................................................2-8 Figure 2-7. Distribution of average ambient O3 concentrations (July 7-28, 2001). .....................................................2-9 Figure 2-8. Distribution of average ambient PM 2.5 

## concentrations (July 7-28, 2001). ................................................... 2-10 Figure 2-9. Distribution of average ambient O3 concentrations (J anuary 1-21, 2002)................................................ 2-11 Figure 2-10. Distribution of average ambient PM 2.5 

## concentrations (J anuary 1-21, 2002)................................................ 2-12 Figure 3-1. Distribution of average ambient HCHO concentrations (July 9-22, 1999) from the PAMS network .........................................3-4

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## iii Figure 3-2. Distribution of average ambient acetone concentrations (July 9-22, 1999) from the PAMS network .........................................3-5 Figure 3-3. Distribution of average ambient HCHO concentrations (January 1-21, 2002) fr om the PAMS network.....................................3-6 Figure 3-4. Distribution of average ambient acetone concentrations (January 1-21, 2002) fr om the PAMS network.....................................3-7 Figure 5-1. Locations of the SEARCH monitoring sites (Source: Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc., www.atmopheric-research.com ). .................5-3 Figure 7-1. Locations of NADP National Trends Network (NTN) monitors (Figure obtained from the EPA NADP website). ..................................7-4 Figure 7-2. Locations of the AIRMoN wet and dry deposition monitoring sites (Figure obtained from the EPA AIRMoN website)..........................7-5 Figure 7-3. Locations of the AIRM oN wet deposition monitoring sites (Figure obtained from the EPA AIRMoN website). ...............................7-6 Figure 8-1. Locations of CASTNet monitoring sites (Figure obtained from EPA CASTNet website). ........................................................8-3

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## 1 -1 1.0 SUMMARY As part of the VISTAS Phase I modeling st udy, the VISTAS emissions and air quality modeling team of ENVIRON In ternational Corporation, Alpine Geophysics (AG) and the University of California (UC) are compil ing ambient monitoring data for both gas and particulate species to be used in the VISTAS regional haze model performance evaluation. The University of California at Riverside (UCR) is taking the lead in this activity. This report describes the sources of the ambient data and th e steps that will be used in the processing and quality assurance (QA) of the data. In additi on, the ambient data is being processed and formatted in preparation for use in software packages designed for the model performance evaluation. Our goal is to preprocess the ambient data and present plots of ambient data on the project website so that we can rapidly comp lete model performance evaluations when the model simulations are completed. As the proce ssing of ambient data are completed, plots of the data are being made available at the project website: http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/vistas/ambient.shtml . A large amount of this data is currently available at the project website, and we are continuing to de velop the website to facilitate the display of time series plots. The ambient data are available from the foll owing 9 monitoring networks or databases: • EPA’s AQS (Air Quality System) database • PAMS (Photochemical Asse ssment Monitoring Stations) • IMPROVE (The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) • SEARCH (Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization) • EPA’s STN (Speciation Trends Network) • NADP (National Atmosphe ric Deposition Program) • CASTNET (Clean Air Status and Trend Network) • PM Supersites • NARSTO SOS99 Aircraft data (fo r the July 1999 episode only) • TVA measurement network • Georgia Institute of Technology Assessment of Spatial Aerosol Com position in Atlanta (ASACA) monitors. Note that there is some overlap in the above monitoring networks. Fo r example, some data from PAMS (such as O3 and NOx) are included in the AQS database, and it appears that the STN network may also include speciated PM data from IMPROVE and other monitoring networks. Appendix A shows maps of many of th e existing and planned (as of January, 2002) urban and rural PM 2.5 

## speciation networks. We have obtained most of the available data fr om the above monitoring networks for the three episodes of VISTAS regional haze modeling (Jul y 9-22, 1999, July 7-28, 2001 and January 1- 21, 2002). Although a comprehensive quality assu rance and validation effort is beyond the scope of this effort, we are attempting to rec oncile data from the various networks and to perform a high level QA of the ambient data. The monitoring networks, the available data, and QA efforts are described below. We expect that during the next two months we will continue

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## 1 -2 to gather and process ambient data, and will rely on expertise from other team members and VISTAS in identifying ambient da ta. We have not yet investigated the possibility of systematic bias among different analytical me thods used in the various networks. However, this is an important subject to be addre ssed because of the possibility that networks employ different sampling methods. Measurement data from monitors operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and Georgia Technology’s ASACA monitors have no t yet been acquired. ASACA has been operating three Particle Composi tion Monitors and three TEOMS in Atlanta since early 1999. When acquired, these data will be documented on the project website.

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## 2-1 2.0 EPA’S AIR QUALITY SYSTEM (AQS) The Air Quality System (AQS) database is EPA's repository of “ criteria air pollutant” monitoring data since the 1970s. The criteria air pollutants are: • 

## Carbon Monoxide (CO) • 

## Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) • 

## Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) • 

## Ozone (O3) • 

## Particulate Matter (PM 10 

## and PM 2.5 

## ) • 

## Lead (Pb) Ambient concentrations of these pollutants from more than 4000 monitoring stations are reported to AQS on weekly or monthly basis. While several other monitoring networks (e.g. PAMS, IMPROVE, CASTNet, and etc.) owned and operated by different agencies collect various air pollutants, only criteria air pollutants are reported to AQS (as shown in Figure 2- 1).

Figure 2-1. Overlap among ambient data collected from several monitoring networks. 

## PM25, PM10 O3, SO2 PM25, PM10 O3, NOx, CO, Pb, etc 

# EPA PM Sites Other monitoring stations from state, local agencies O3, NOx VOCs Sp. PM25, Visibilit 

## y HNO3, NO3, SO4 

## ,

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## 2-2 Although direct access to full AQS raw data is curre ntly not available, several archived data files can be downloaded from EPA’s website http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/ . Table 2-1 summarizes the data that are currently av ailable and processed for hourly average concentration data from AQS for three VISTAS episodes. We have requested the remaining AQS data from EPA and will process them upon a rrival. Note that the AQS includes O3 data from the State/Local/National Ai r Monitoring Stations (SLAMS). Table 2-1. Currently* available hourly concentration data from AQS for three VISTAS episode selections 

## .

Period O 3 

### PM 2.5 

### NO 2 

### CO SO 2 

### July 9-22, 1999 X X X X X July 7-28, 2001 X X Jan. 1-21, 2002 X X 

## * Efforts are underway to acquire the NO 2 

### , CO and SO 2 

### measurements for the July 2001 and January 2002 episodes. 

## These data are presented on the VISTAS project website, http:// www.cert.ucr.edu/vistas /ambient.shtml , under the title of “Ambient data for Model Evaluation”, as animated figures that show spatial variation of O 3 

## , PM 2.5 

## , NO 2 

## , CO and SO 2 

## concentrations. These data will also be made available as time series plots for each monitor site. The spatial distributions for average species concentrations within each VISTAS episode are shown in Figures 2-2 through 2-10. These plots are intended to be illustrative of the results on the project web page, and for more detailed evaluation please see the ambient data page: http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/vistas/ambient.shtml . Note that the web page also includes plots that zoom in on the southeastern US domain. July 9-22, 1999 Hourly O 3 

## concentrations were available at 1113 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-2 shows the distribution of average O 3 

## concentrations for these stations. Hourly PM 2.5 

## concentrations were available at 25 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-3 shows the distribution of average PM 2.5 

## concentrations for these stations. Hourly NO2 concentrations were available at 170 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-4 shows the distribution of averag e NO2 concentrations for these stations. Hourly CO concentrations were available at 442 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-5 shows the distribution of averag e CO concentrations for these stations. Hourly SO2 concentrations were available at 563 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-6 shows the distribution of averag e SO2 concentrations for these stations.

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## 2-3 July 7-28, 2001 Hourly O 3 

## concentrations were available at 1113 stations over USA for July 7-28, 2001. Figure 2-7 shows the distribution of average O 3 

## concentrations for these stations. Hourly PM 2.5 

## concentrations were available at 1 48 stations over USA for July 7-28, 2001. Figure 2-8 shows the distribution of average PM 2.5 

## concentrations for these stations. January 1-21, 2002 Hourly O 3 

## concentrations were also available at 501 stations over USA for January 1-21, 2002. Figure 2-9 shows the distribution of average O 3 

## concentrations for these stations. Hourly PM 2.5 

## concentrations were available at 180 stations over USA for January 1-21, 2002. Figure 2-10 shows the distribution of average PM2.5 concentrations for these stations.

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## 2-4 Figure 2-2. Distribution of average ambient O3 concentrations (July 9-22, 1999).

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## 2-5 Figure 2-3 . Distribution of average ambient PM 2.5 

### concentrations (July 9-22, 1999) 

## .

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## 2-6 Figure 2-4. Distribution of average ambient NO2 concentrations (July 9-22, 1999).

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## 2-7 Figure 2-5. Distribution of average ambient CO concentrations (July 9-22, 1999).

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## 2-8 Figure 2-6. Distribution of average ambient SO2 concentrations (July 9-22, 1999).

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## 2-9 Figure 2-7. Distribution of average ambient O3 concentrations (July 7-28, 2001).

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## 2-10 Figure 2-8. Distribution of average ambient PM2.5 concentrations (July 7-28, 2001).

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## 2-11 Figure 2-9. Distribution of average ambient O3 concentrations (January 1-21, 2002).

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## 2-12 Figure 2-10. Distribution of average ambient PM2.5 concentrations (January 1-21, 2002).

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## 3-1 3.0 PHOTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT MONITORING STATIONS (PAMS) In response to the 1990 Clean Air Act Ame ndments, EPA has required more extensive monitoring of ozone and its precursors in ar eas with persistently high ozone levels. Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (P AMS) have been established by the States to collect and report detailed data for volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, ozone and meteorological parameters. The EPA lists five objectives for the PAMS program: 1. Provide a speciated ambient air database which is both representative and useful for ascertaining ambient profiles and disti nguishing among various individual VOC. 2. Provide local, current meteorological and ambient data to serve as initial and boundary condition information for photochemical gr id models, a meth od that simulates meteorological and physical processes that affect air pollution emissions in the atmosphere. 3. Provide a representative, speciated ambien t air database which is characteristic of source emission impacts. 4. Provide ambient data meas urements which would allow la ter preparation of unadjusted and adjusted pollutant trends reports. 5. Provide additional me asurements of selected criteria pollutants. Because different types of ambient monitoring data are required to characterize regional background concentration, emissions sources, and peak pollutant le vels, four different types of PAMS sites are used: • Type I: Upwind and background characterization • Type II: Maximum ozone precursor emissions impact • Type III: Maximum ozone concentration • Type IV: Extreme downwind monitoring Hourly average concentrations of O 3 

## , NO, NO2, NOx and about 60 species of VOC (volatile organic compounds) are measured at each PAMS station. Archived data files can be downloaded from the website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/archived% 20data/archivedaqsdata.htm . Table 3-1 shows the species names, carbon numbers and molecule weights for 60 species of VOC measured in PAMS. The PAMS data are currently available for VISTAS’ two modeling periods of July 9-22, 1999 and Jan. 1-21, 2002. Since some data, such as O3, NO, NO2 and NOx may also be included in the AQS database, we are still considering the best approach to treat th ese data (i.e., present them with the AQS data only, or with the PAMS data only, or both). For the data from selected PAMS sites, hourly average concentrations are available for 64 species (Table 2-1) for July 9-22, 1999 and Ja n. 1-21, 2002. The animated graphics that show five species (TNMOC, THC, HCHO, acetaldehyde and acetone) concentrations have been put on the VISTAS project website ( http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/vistas/ambient.shtml , under the title of “Ambient data for Model Evaluation”. Exampl e plots of average concentrations for two important species (HCHO and acetone) are shown in Figures 3-1 through 3-4.

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## 3-2 Table 3-1. Species measured in PAMS network.

Name Description Carbon number MWt NO NITRIC OXIDE NO2 NITROGEN DIOXIDE NOX OXIDES OF NITROGEN PAMHC SUM OF PAMS TARGET COMPOUNDS TNMOC TOTAL NMOC ETHAN ETHANE AKA-METHYLMETHANE 2 30.07 ETHYL ETHYLENE AKA-ETHENE 2 62.07 PROPA PROPANE AKA-DIMETHYLMETHANE 3 44.10 PRPYL PROPYLENE AKA-PROPENE 4 102.09 ACETE ACETYLENE AKA-ETHYNE 2 26.04 NBUTA N-BUTANE AKA-BUTANE 4 58.12 ISBTA ISOBUTANE AKA-2-METHYLPROPANE 4 58.12 T2BTE TRANS-2-BUTENE 4 56.11 C2BTE CIS-2-BUTENE 4 56.11 NPNTA N-PENTANE AKA-AMYL HYDRIDE 5 72.15 ISPNA ISOPENTANE AKA-2-METHYLBUTANE 5 72.15 1PNTE 1-PENTENE AKA-PROPYLETHYLENE 5 70.14 T2PNE TRANS-2-PENTENE 5 70.14 C2PNE CIS-2-PENTENE AKA-CIS-B-N-AMYLENE 5 70.14 3MPNA 3-METHYLPENTANE AKADIETHYLMETHYLMETHANE 16 226.45 NHEXA N-HEXANE 6 86.18 NHEPT N-HEPTANE AKA-DIPROPYLMETHANE 7 100.21 NOCT N-OCTANE 8 114.23 NNON N-NONANE AKA-NO NYL HYDRIDE 9 128.26 NDEC N-DECANE 10 142.29 CYPNA CYCLOPENTANE AKA-PENTAMETHYLENE 5 70.14 ISPRE ISOPRENE AKA-3-METHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE 5 68.12 22DMB 2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE AKA-NEOHEXANE 6 86.18 2M1PE 2-METHYL-1-PENTENE AKA-1-METHYL-1- PROPYLETHYLENE 6 84.16 24DMP 2,4-DIMETHYLPENTANE 7 100.21 CYHXA CYCLOHEXANE AKA-HEXAMETHYLENE 6 84.16 3MHXA 3-METHYLHEXANE 7 100.21 224TM 2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE AKA-ISOOCTANE 8 114.23 234TM 2,3,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 8 114.23 3MHEP 3-METHYLHEPTANE 8 114.23 MCYHX METHYLCYCLOHEXANE AKAHEXAHYDROTOLUENE 7 98.19 MCPNA METHYLCYCLOPENTANE 6 84.16 2MHXA 2-METHYLHEXANE AKA-ISOHEPTANE 8 1BUTE 1-BUTENE AKA-ETHYLETHYLENE 4 56.11 23DMB 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE AKA-DIISOPROPYL 6 86.18 2MPNA 2-METHYLPENTANE AKA-ISOHEXANE 7 23DMP 2,3-DIMETHYLPENTANE 7 100.21 FORM FORMALDEHYDE AKA-OXYMETHYLENE 1 30.03

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## 3-3

Name Description Carbon number MWt ACETA ACETALDEHYDE AKA ACETIC ALDEHYDE 2 44.05 ACET ACETONE AKA-DIMETHYLKETONE 3 58.08 NUNDC N-UNDECANE 11 156.31 2MHEP 2-METHYLHEPTANE 8 O3 OZONE M/PXY M/P XYLENE 8 106.17 BZ BENZENE 6 78.11 TOLU TOLUENE AKA METHYLBENZENE 7 92.14 EBENZ ETHYLBENZENE AKA-PHENYLETHANE 8 106.17 OXYL O-XYLENE AKA-1,2-DIMETHYLBENZENE 8 106.17 135TB 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE AKA-MESITYLENE 9 120.20 124TB 1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE AKA-PSEUDOCUMENE 9 120.20 NPBZ N-PROPYLBENZENE AKA-1-PHENYLPROPANE 9 120.20 ISPBZ ISOPROPYLBENZENE AKA CUMENE 9 120.20 OETOL O-ETHYLTOLUENE 8 METOL M-ETHYLTOLUENE 8 PETOL P-ETHYLTOLUENE (AKA 4-ETHYLTOLUENE) 8 MDEB M-DIETHYLBENZENE 8 PDEB P-DIETHYLBENZENE AKA-1,4-DIETHYLBENZENE 6 147.01 STYR STYRENE AKA ETHENYLBENZENE 8 104.15 123TB 1,2,3-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 9 120.20 

## July 9-22, 1999 Hourly HCHO concentrations are available at 92 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-11 shows the distributio n of average HCHO concentratio ns during that period of time for these stations. Hourly Acetone concentrations are available at 130 stations over USA for July 9-22, 1999. Figure 2-12 shows the distribution of average acetone concentrations for these stations. Jan. 1-21, 2002 Hourly HCHO concentrations are available at 57 stations over USA for Jan. 1-21, 2002. Figure 2-13 shows the distribution of average HCHO concentrations for these stations. Hourly Acetone concentrations are available at 67 stations over USA for Jan. 1-21, 2002. Figure 2-14 shows the distribution of average Acetone concentrations for these stations. We have recently obtained more speciated VOC data for additional PAMS sites and are currently evaluating these data.

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## 3-4 Figure 3-1. Distribution of average ambient HCHO concentrations (July 9-22, 1999) from the PAMS network 

## .

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## 3-5 Figure 3-2. Distribution of average ambient acetone concentrations (July 9-22, 1999) from the PAMS network 

## .

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## 3-6 Figure 3-3. Distribution of average ambient HCHO concentrations (January 1-21, 2002) from the PAMS network.

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## 3-7 Figure 3-4. Distribution of average ambient acetone concentrations (January 1-21, 2002) from the PAMS network 

## .

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## 4-1

4.0 INTERAGENCY MONITORING OF PROTECTED VISUAL ENVIRONMENTS (IMPROVE) The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) monitoring network consists of air quality data from Cl ass I areas that include national parks and wilderness areas where visibility is deemed an important attribute. There are also IMPROVE protocol monitoring sites that are not located in Class I areas (see Appendix A for locations). This monitoring program is an interagency effort with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the U.S. Department of the Interior (USDOI), including the U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The IMPROVE fine particle network collects PM 2.5 

## and PM 10 

## samples over a twenty four hour using IMPROVE samplers. The current network consists of over 160 monitoring sites, mainly located in Class I ("Clean Air") areas. Some of the earliest sites have been in operation since March 1988, although most sites were installed in the mid 1990’s or later. The PM samples are analyzed for PM 2.5 

## mass and its elemental constituents, organics, ions, light absorption and PM 10 

## mass. The objectives of IMPROVE are: (1) to establis h current visibility and aerosol conditions in mandatory class I areas; (2) to identify chemi cal species and emission sources responsible for existing man-made visibility impairment; (3 ) to document long-term trends for assessing progress towards the national visibility goal; (4) and to provide regional haze monitoring representing all visibility-protected federal cl ass I areas where practical. In 1999 there were 70 IMPROVE sites including 30 sites in Class I areas and an additional 40 sites using the IMPROVE protocol. By 2002 there were a pproximately 110 IMPROVE sites and 53 IMPROVE Protocol sites. The standard IMPROVE sampler has four samp ling modules, listed below, although some sites only include the Module A: Module A: PM 2.5 

## particles on Teflon are analyzed at UC Davis using the following methods: • gravimetric mass for PM 2.5 

## • hybrid integrating plate/sphere method for optical absorption • Proton Elastic Scattering Analysis (PESA) for hydrogen • Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) for Na-Mn • X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for Fe-Pb Module B: PM 2.5 

## particles on nylon. A denuder before the nylon filter removes nitric acid vapors. These are analyzed by ion chromatogr aphy (IC) at Research Triangle Institute for nitrate (NO 3 - 

## ), chloride (Cl - 

## ), sulfate (SO 4 2- 

## ), and nitrite (NO 2 - 

## ). Module C: PM 2.5 

## particles on quartz. These are analyzed at Desert Research Institute for carbon using the Thermal Optical Reflectance (T OR) combustion method. A secondary filter at selected sites is used to determine artifacts . These are reported in 8 temperature categories.

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## 4-2 Module D: PM 10 

## particles on Teflon. All are measured for PM 10 

## mass. Approximately 4% are analyzed by the other four methods listed for Module A. For selected IMPROVE sites, there also are tr ansmissometer data to directly measure light extinction and nephelometer data to provide direct measurements of light scattering. The IMPROVE data have passed the “Level 0 and Level 1” quality assurance and control procedure conducted by the Crocker Nuclear Labor atory at UC Davis, and are added to the online database after a 30 day period to allow the States, Tribes, FLM’s or any other organization a chance to review and comment on the accuracy, credibility, and/or representativeness of aerosol speciation data coll ected and the reconciliation of any issues these organizations may find. In the past, we ha ve not performed any additional QA of the IMPROVE data, and have simply used the data obtained from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Atmosphere (CIRA) website: http://vista.cira.col ostate.edu/improve . A 24 hour averaging period is used for IMPR OVE data. Prior to 2000, two 24 hour samples were collected twice a week, on Wednesday an d Saturday. After 2000, 24 hour samples were collected every three days. Table 4-1 lists the 41 species measured at IM PROVE sites. The IMPROVE data are available for all three VISTAS modeling episodes. The downloaded data have been formatted for evaluation software, and time series plots ar e also available for download on the project website. Additional QA of these data can be perfor med, as discussed in Section 10, using time series and scatter plots of these data. Table 4-1. Species of PM 2.5 

### measured in IMPROVE network. CODE NAME CODE NAME AL Aluminum: Fine NH4 Ammonium ion: Fine AS Arsenic: Fine NI Nickel: Fine BR Bromine: Fine NO3 Nitrate: Fine CA Calcium: Fine OC1 Carbon: Fine organic (OC1) CHL Chloride: Fine OC2 Carbon: Fine organic (OC2) CL Chlorine: Fine OC3 Carbon: Fine organic (OC3) CR Chromium: Fine OC4 Carbon: Fine organic (OC4) CU Copper: Fine OP Carbon: Fine organic (OP) EC1 Carbon: Fine elemental (EC1) P Phosphorus: Fine EC2 Carbon: Fine elemental (EC2) PB Lead: Fine EC3 Carbon: Fine elemental (EC3) RB Rubidium: Fine FE Iron: Fine S Sulfur: Fine H Hydrogen: Fine SE Selenium: Fine K Potassium: Fine SI Silicon: Fine MASS PM2.5: mass SO4 Sulfate: Fine MASS PM 10 

### : mass SR Strontium: Fine MG Magnesium: Fine TI Titanium: Fine MN Manganese: Fine V Vanadium: Fine MO Molybdenum: Fine ZN Zinc: Fine N2 Nitrite: Fine ZR Zirconium: Fine

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## 4-3 CODE NAME CODE NAME NA Sodium: Fine 

## For most species, the IMPROVE data cannot be matched directly to the model gas and PM species because of lumping sche mes in the model chemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the ambient data and model species into forms that can be directly compared. Table 4- 2 shows the mapping scheme used for the IMPROVE comparison to the model species. Table 4-3 list definitions for CMAQ model species. Defi nitions for compounds in Table 4-2 include the following: OC is organic carbon; EC is elemental carbon or soot; CM is coarse mass; RCFM is reconstructed fine mass; and Bext_R econ is reconstructed extinction coefficient. We note that in previous model evaluation for WR AP the sulfate and nitrate were assumed to be full neutralized and that ammonium sulfat es and nitrate were represented in CMAQ as 1.375*(ASO4J + ASO4I) +1.29*(ANO3J + ANO3 I), respectively. This was used for consistency with the formula used to calculate the model reconstructed extinction coefficient. For VISTAS we propose to use the C MAQ model ammonium mass (ANH4J+ANH4J) explicitly because this provides a more accurate estimate of modeled fine mass. In previous modeling studies we have not had access to direct measurements of ammonium ion (NH 4 + 

## ). VISTAS is funding the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) to measure NH4 + 

## at 10 sites beginning in September, 2002. Prior to September, NH 4 + 

## data will be available for only 3 sites: Great Smokey Mountains (GRSM), Shenandoah (SHEN), Cl ass I areas, and Dolly Sods (DOSO). Concerns have been raised regarding the accu racy of the IMPROVE HNO3 data, and we have found that it tends to be lower than HNO3 da ta from the CASTNET network. However, we do not have a basis for adjusting or rejecting the IMPROVE HNO3 data, and further evaluation of HNO3 data from all monitoring ne tworks is required. In September 2003 EPA will conduct a field study intercomparison of HNO3 methods using a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer as a reference method. This may provide insight into the accuracy of HNO3 methods employed at the different moni toring networks, however, it is unlikely that results from this study will be available in 2003 to affect the VISTAS Phase I modeling. There are concerns that the coarse mass (C M) IMPROVE measurements may also include some sulfate, nitrate and other species (e.g., sea salt and organics) that occur in the coarse mode. There are two different mechanism by wh ich NO3 can be transferred to the coarse mode: formation of coarse mode sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, a nd the ammonium nitrate distributions that can extend in to the coarse mode. In previous CMAQ performance evaluations, all nitrate has been assumed to be in the fine mode. If s ubstantial fractions of nitrate are in the coarse mode, CMAQ would be expected to over predict the mass of fine nitrate. Speciation of the CM fraction is ongoing at several IMPROVE site s to investigate this issue. A coarse mode speciation measuremen t program was begun in spring, 2002, and it is possible that initial results wi ll be available in fall, 2002.

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## 4-4 We are also investigating the modal distributio ns of the Aitken and accumulation modes in CMAQ. Although these modes are typi cally assumed to be entirely PM 2.5 

## , we have found that some of the mass does extend in to the coarse mode. Table 4-2 . Species mappings for IMPROVE species. Note that CMAQ represents fine PM species in two size modes: Aitken nuclei (0.03 to 0.5 μm) and accumulation mode (0.5 to 2.5 μm) and in CMAQ by represented by J and I, respectively. Compounds listed include coarse mass (CM);

Compound IMPROVE Species CMAQ Mapping SO4 SO4 ASO4J + ASO4I NO3 NO3 ANO3J + ANO3I NH4 + 

### NH4 + 

### ANH4J + ANH4I OC 1.4*(OC1+OC2+OC3+OC4+OP) AORGAJ + AORGAI + AORGPAJ + AORGPAI + AORGBJ + AORGBI EC EC1+EC2+EC3-OP AECJ + AECI SOIL 2.2*Al + 2.49*Si + 1.63*Ca + 2.42*Fe + 1.94*Ti A25I +A25J CM MT – FM ACORS + ASEAS + ASOIL PM25 a 

### FM ASO4J + ASO4I + ANO3J + ANO3I + ANH4J + ANH4I + AORGAJ + AORGAI + AORGPAJ + AORGPAI + AORGBJ + AORGBI + AECJ + AECI + A25J + A25I RCFM 1.375*SO4 + 1.29*NO3 + EC + OC + SOIL Same for PM25 PM10 MT ASO4J + ASO4I + ANO3J + ANO3I + ANH4J + ANH4I + AORGAJ + AORGAI + AORGPAJ + AORGPAI + AORGBJ + AORGBI + AECJ + AECI + A25J + A25I + ACORS + ASEAS + ASOIL Bext_Recon (1/Mm) 10 b 

### + 3*f(RH) c 

### (1.375*SO4 + 1.29*NO3) + 4* OC + 10* EC + SOIL + 0.6* CM 10 b 

### + 3*f(RH) c 

### [1.375*(ASO4J + ASO4I) + 1.29*(ANO3J + ANO3I)] + 4*1.4*(AORGAJ + AORGAI + AORGPAJ + AORGPAI + AORGBJ + AORGBI) + 10*(AECJ + AECI) + 1*(A25J + A25I) + 0.6*(ACORS + ASEAS + ASOIL) a 

### Measured; b 

### Rayleigh scattering correction; c 

### f(RH) site and day specific relative humidity adjustment factor.

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## 4-5 Table 4-3 . Definitions of CMAQ species names used in Table 4-2.

CMAQ Mapping ASO4 Aerosol sulfate ANO3 Aerosol nitrate ANH4 Ammonium ion AORGPA Organic aerosols from primary organic emissions AORGA, AORGB Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic sources (aromatics, paraffin) and biogenic source, respectively. AEC Elemental Carbon A25 Unspecified fine mass including fine crustal material (fine soil) ASOIL Soil-derived (crustal) coarse materials ASEAS Sea salt (only in coarse mode) ACORS Unspecified anthropogenic coarse mass RCFM Reconstructed fine mass MT Mass total CM Coarse mass

Bext_recon Reconstructed extinction coefficient

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## 5-1 5.0 SOUTHEASTERN AEROSOL RE SEARCH AND CHARACTERIZATION (SEARCH) SEARCH is a monitoring network for Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization. There are 8 monitoring sites located in four st ates in the SEARCH network whose locations are shown in Figure 5-1. Daily PM 2.5 

## data are measured for 46 sp ecies, while daily coarse PM data are measured for 18 species in SEARCH netw ork. Archived data file can be downloaded from the website ( http://www.atmospheric-research.com/public/index.html ). Tables 5-1 and 5- 2 show the names for 46 PM 2.5 

## species and 18 coarse PM species. The SEARCH data are currently available for two of the VISTAS Ph ase I modeling episodes (July 9-22, 1999 and July 7-28, 2001). The frequency of the PM 2.5 

## measurements of SEARCH has varied from 1998 to the present. Measurements were made daily at all sites for a little over one year. Subsequently, the measurements frequency varies from daily to every third or sixth day depending on the specific site of interest . Semi-continuous TEOM PM 2.5 

## mass measurements have been available since the onset of the program and are reported as hourly averages. Semi-continuous measurements of PM chemical components have been phased in over the years, initially at Jefferson Street (Atlanta) and later at other sites. However, the ARS Data Gap report indicates that such hourly data have not yet been made generally available on the SEARCH web site. We need to determine whether the modeling team has this data or how best to get access to this data. Table 5-1 . PM 2.5 

### species measured in SEARCH network. Name Name Name Name FRM Mass PM25 Major Metal Oxides XRF Pb Al2O3 FRM SO4 PCM2 SO4 XRF Sb SiO2 FRM NO3 PCM2 NO3 XRF Se K2O FRM NH4 PCM2 NH4 XRF Sn CaO PCM1 Mass PCM2 CL XRF Ti TiO2 PCM1 SO4 PCM3 EC XRF Zn Fe2O3 PCM1 NO3 PCM3 OC WS Chromium XRF S PCM1 Vol NO3 XRF As WS Copper TEOM Mass PCM1 Teflon NO3 XRF Ba WS Iron BackupPCM3 EC PCM1 NH4 XRF Br WS Manganese BackupPCM3 OC PCM1 Vol NH4 XRF Cu WS Nickel PCM1 Teflon NH4 XRF Mn WS Vanadium

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## 5-2 Table 5-2 . Coarse PM species measured in SEARCH network. Name Name Name Name Coarse Mass Chromium Vanadium TiO2 Coarse SO4 Copper Al2O3 Fe2O3 Coarse NO3 Iron SiO2 Coarse S Coarse NH4 Manganese K2O CoarseMajorMetalOxides Nickel CaO 

## For the data from SEARCH network, daily average PM 2.5 

## concentrations for 46 species (Table 5-1) and daily coarse PM concentration for 18 species (Table 5-2) are available for two modeling episodes (July 9-22, 1999 and July 7-28, 2001). We are working with the SEARCH sponsors and scientists to obtain data suitable for model performance evaluation and obtain data for the January 2002 episode. Locations of the SEARCH monitors are shown in Figure 5-1.

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## 5-3 Figure 5-1. Locations of the SEARCH monitoring sites (Source: Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc., www.atmopheric-research.com).

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## 6-1 6.0 SPECIATION TR ENDS NETWORK (STN) EPA’s Speciation Trends Network (STN) includes about 215 monitoring stations nationwide. It appears that among these 215 sites may include IMPROVE site s or other data from other networks. This, however, need s to be verified. Daily PM 2.5 

## data are measured for 64 species in the STN network. Some archived ST N data files were obtained from the website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/ airsaqs/archived%20data/archivedaqsdata.htm . Additional documentation of the STN and descriptions of the data are still needed. Table 6-1 shows the codes and names for 64 species measured in STN. Locations of the STN monitors, as well as other specified PM monitors, are shown in Appendix A. Table 6-1. Species of PM 2.5 

### measured in STN network. Code Description Code Description 88101 PM2.5 - Local Conditions 88160 Tin PM2.5 LC 88102 Antimony PM2.5 LC 88161 Titanium PM2.5 LC 88103 Arsenic PM2.5 LC 88162 Samarium PM2.5 LC 88104 Aluminum PM2.5 LC 88163 Scandium PM2.5 LC 88105 Beryllium PM2.5 LC 88164 Vanadium PM2.5 LC 88107 Barium PM2.5 LC 88165 Silicon PM2.5 LC 88109 Bromine PM2.5 LC 88166 Silver PM2.5 LC 88110 Cadmium PM2.5 LC 88167 Zinc PM2.5 LC 88111 Calcium PM2.5 LC 88168 Strontium PM2.5 LC 88112 Chromium PM2.5 LC 88169 Sulfur PM2.5 LC 88113 Cobalt PM2.5 LC 881 70 Tantalum PM2.5 LC 88114 Copper PM2.5 LC 88172 Terbium PM2.5 LC 88115 Chlorine PM2.5 LC 88176 Rubidium PM2.5 LC 88117 Cerium PM2.5 LC 88179 Uranium PM2.5 LC 88118 Cesium PM2.5 LC 88180 Potassium PM2.5 LC 88121 Europium PM2.5 LC 88183 Yttrium PM2.5 LC 88124 Gallium PM2.5 LC 88184 Sodium PM2.5 LC 88126 Iron PM2.5 Lc 88185 Zirconium PM2.5 LC 88127 Hafnium PM2.5 LC 88186 Tungsten PM2.5 LC 88128 Lead PM2.5 LC 88301 Ammonium Ion PM2.5 LC 88131 Indium PM2.5 LC 883 02 Sodium Ion Pm2.5 LC 88132 Manganese PM2.5 LC 88303 Potassium Ion PM2.5 LC 88133 Iridium PM2.5 LC 88304 OCX Carbon 88134 Molybdenum PM2.5 LC 88305 Organic Carbon PM2.5 LC 88136 Nickel PM2.5 LC 88306 Total Nitrate PM2.5 LC 88140 Magnesium PM2.5 LC 88307 Elemental Carbon PM2.5 LC 88142 Mercury PM2.5 LC 88308 Carbonate Carbon PM2.5 LC 88143 Gold PM2.5 LC 88309 Volatile Nitrate PM2.5 LC 88146 Lanthanum PM2.5 LC 88310 Non-volatile Nitrate PM2.5 LC 88147 Niobium PM2.5 LC 88311 OCX2 Carbon 88152 Phosphorus PM2.5 LC 88312 Total Carbon PM2.5 LC 88154 Selenium PM2.5 LC 88403 Sulfate PM2.5 LC

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## 7-1 7.0 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DE POSITION PROGRAM (NADP) The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/N ational Trends Network (NADP/NTN) is designed to measure wet deposition. The netw ork is a cooperative effort between State Agricultural Experiment Stations, the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and other governmental and privat e entities. It includes over 200 sites in the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Ri co, and the Virgin Islands whose locations are shown in Figure 7-1. The purpose of the netw ork is to collect data on the chemistry of precipitation for monitoring of geographical and temporal long-term trends. The precipitation at each station is collected weekly is analyzed for hydrogen (acidity as pH), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, and base cations (such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium). The NADP network includes a quality assurance program, so we expect to use this data without any additional QA. The major wet deposition network -- the Nation al Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) - - has a large array of about 200 stations. Weekly samples of precipitation are collected at these stations and then sent to a single central laboratory for chemical analysis. The weekly sampling network has three severe drawbacks: Because the NADP program uses a weekly sa mpling period the data has poor temporal resolution and the sample chemistry can be a ffected by chemical and biological activity. The NADP also includes the Atmospheric Integrat ed Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) which was designed to study precipitation chemistr y trends with greater temporal resolution. Precipitation samples are collected daily from a network of nine wet deposition sites and analyzed for the same constituents as the NADP/NTN samples. AIRMoN also includes a dry deposition network and these are described ne xt. NADP measures weekly deposition of compounds in units of mg/l as well as precipitati on in units of l. The PM models will output deposition in terms of hourly mass flux per gr id cell (e.g., 12 km x 12 km). The modeled results will be accumulated to weekly de position fluxes per unit area (e.g., gm/km 2 

## /week). Using the NADP precipitation and information on the NADP Sampler, the NADP deposition measurements will be converted to the same units as the modeled values. AIRMoN Dry Deposition Data The AIRMoN program includes both dry and we t deposition components. Figure 7-2 shows the locations of monitoring sites for both program s. The dry deposition data is described at their web page: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/resear ch/projects/airmon_data.html . The description of the AIRMoN dry deposition data from the website is included verbatim here for convenience: Dry deposition rates are computed in the AIRM oN network by combining estimates of sitespecific and time-evolving depos ition velocities with measuremen ts of air concentrations obtained using a weekly sampling protocol. The intent has been to mirror the 0900 Tuesday sample change standards adopted by the Nationa l Atmospheric Deposition Program. At times, the AIRMoN dry samples are obtained over s ubstantially different periods, because of

### July 2003

G:\VISTAS Modeling\Task3a Air Qualit y Data\Revised_Draft\Sec7.gst.doc 

## 7-2 operator absence or problems with instrumenta tion. The data summaries have been arranged so that each sequential week is represented, even though some of the initial data represent periods longer than a single week. The AIRMoN concentration sampler is a three- element filterpack, with a leading teflon filter to remove particles, a middle nylon filter to extract nitric acid vapor, and a final doped cellulose filter intended primarily to sample sulf ur dioxide. An inlet tube is used to impose a small amount of heat on the incoming air stream , to protect against liquid formation on the filters in periods of high humidities. There is no doubt that this influences the measurement of ammonium nitrate. In practice, any temperature change imposed on collected ammonium nitrate particles will cause some change in th e sample, so that any long-term accumulative measurement of related species (such as that reported here) will be susceptible to error because of the effects of the diurnal cycle in air temperature. Tests of the AIRMoN sampling system indicate that particulate ammoni um nitrate deposited on the teflon filter is incompletely disassociated with minor conseque nces on the measurement of nitric acid vapor and of sulfur dioxide, but with major influence on the measurement of nitrate on the doped cellulose filter. For this reason, measurements of nitrate reported here are considered to be unreliable. It should also be noted that tests indicate that th e values associated with nitric acid vapor are underestimates, on the average by 25%. The values listed should be increased accordingly, to correct for this error (due to deposition on the walls of the inlet tube). Deposition velocities tabulated he re are derived using a multi-layer numerical model, driven by field observations of selected key variables (such as wind speed, the standard deviation of the wind direction, surface wetness, incident solar radiation, temperature, humidity, plant species distribution, etc.) It is estimated that these deposition velocities might be in error by as much as 30%. Weekly average deposition rate s are computed as the product of the weekly average deposition velocities and the weekly average con centration, thus omitting consideration of a correlation term that can be significant when air concentrations display a consistent and significant diurnal cycle. 

## Regarding the last paragraph above, there are in fact large diurnal variations in several trace species of interest, and the errors introduced by this approach should be further investigated. O mitting consideration of a correlation term is like ly to introduce additional errors greater than the 30% error mentioned above. As noted on the AIRMoN web page, there is very large uncertainty in dry deposition estimates, and it is possible that the data on th e website will be modified as more is learned about the processes that control dry deposition. UCR is currently investigating the availability of the NADP and AIRMoN data. We expect to obtain the AIRMoN data from the website, but we still need to determine if other NADP data is available.

### July 2003

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## 7-3 AIRMoN Wet Deposition Data: The AIRMoN wet deposition program is described at the web page: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/resear ch/projects/airmon_wet.html The AIRMoN wet deposition moni toring employs a daily sample collection protocol, thus differentiating itself from the weekly operations of the mainstream NADP stations. In practice, daily sampling provides a greatly improved quan tification of ammonium deposition. At the National Atmospheric Deposition Program Te chnical Committee Meeting in 1994 (October 24-27) final decisions were made regarding the AIRMoN-wet quality assurance plan; a system of flags will be used to alert da ta users to specific problems. UCR is currently downloading data from both wet and dry AIRMoN networks.

### July 2003

G:\VISTAS Modeling\Task3a Air Qualit y Data\Revised_Draft\Sec7.gst.doc 

## 7-4 Figure 7-1. Locations of NADP National Trends Network (NTN) monitors (Figure obtained from the EPA NADP website).

### July 2003

G:\VISTAS Modeling\Task3a Air Qualit y Data\Revised_Draft\Sec7.gst.doc 

## 7-5 Figure 7-2. Locations of the AIRMoN wet and dry deposition monitoring sites (Figure obtained from the EPA AIRMoN website).

### July 2003

G:\VISTAS Modeling\Task3a Air Qualit y Data\Revised_Draft\Sec7.gst.doc 

## 7-6 Figure 7-3. Locations of the AIRMoN wet deposition monitoring sites (Figure obtained from the EPA AIRMoN website).

### July 2003

G:\VISTAS Modeling\Task3a Air Qualit y Data\Revised_Draft\Sec8.gst.doc 

## 8-1 8.0 CLEAN AIR STATUS A ND TREND NETWORK (CASTNET) CASTNET is designed to measure dry depositio n and it is comprised of 123 sites across the United States as shown in Figure 8-1. It incl udes measurements of ambient concentration and meteorology and land use which are then used to calculate dry deposition rates. For the model performance evaluation we will use th e ambient concentration measurements to compare with the model. Dry deposition data ar e measured for 13 species including: TOTAL SO4, TOTAL NO3, TOTAL NH4, CA, MG, NA, K, NSO4, NHNO3, WSO2, WNO3, TOTAL SO2, and TOTAL NO3. Detailed data collection procedures ar e described at the EPA CASTNET website: http://www.epa.gov/castnet . In short, atmospheric concentration data are collected at each site with open-faced, 3-stage filter packs. The f ilter pack contains a Teflon filter for collection of particulate species, a nylon filter for nitric acid and a base-impregnated cellulose (Whatman) filter for sulfur dioxide. Filter p acks are exposed for 1-week intervals (i.e., Tuesday to Tuesday) at a flow rate of 1.5 lite rs per minute (3.0 liters per minute for western sites), and sent to the Harding ESE, Gaines ville, FL laboratory for chemical analysis. All three filters are extracted a nd analyzed for certain species: Teflon filter: SO 4 2- 

## , NO 3 - 

## , NH 4 + 

## Nylon filter: SO 4 2- 

## , NO 3 - 

## Cellulose filter (Whatman): SO 4 2- 

## , NO 3 - 

## The sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in the teflon filter extract are interpreted as particulate species (listed above as TSO4, TNO3 and T NH4). The nitrate in the nylon filter extract is interpreted as nitric acid. The sum of sulfate in the nylon and cellulose filter extracts is interpreted as sulfur dioxide (SO2). Any nitrate detected in the cellulose filter extract is not interpreted, since it likely represents a host of oxidized nitrogen species. Because aerosol nitrate on the teflon filter can revolatilize, the nitrate on the teflon filter represent those particles that have not volatil ized during the sampling period. The nitrate on the nylon back filter represents nitric acid that was originally in the atmosphere plus any that was produced through revolatilization of the nitr ate particles on the teflon filter. Thus, because of the volatilization losses, the CASTNet particulate nitrate is less than the IMPROVE nitrate. Also, because IMPROVE uses a nitrate denuder to remove ambient nitric acid, the CASTNet total nitrate (the sum of the teflon and nylon filter nitrates) is greater than the IMPROVE nitrate. Details are provided in Appendix G of the 2000 IMPROVE Report and by Ames and Malm [Ames R.B and W.C. Malm, Comparison of sulfate and nitrate particle mass concentrations measured by IMPROVE and the CDN, Atmospheric Environment, 2001, 905- 916.] Thus, the IMPROVE and CASTNet nitrate values cannot be directly compared. Moreover, the CASTNet NO3 and HNO3 data cannot be direct ly compared to the modeled species. In previous applications we have compared the CASTNet data to the model for the sum NO3+HNO3 and we propose to use the same approach for the VISTAS model evaluation. The CASTNet data have been downloaded from: http://www.epa.gov/castnet/data.html . The CASTNET data are available for all three modeling episodes. The actual start time and

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## 8-2 collection period varies among sites, so this makes it difficult to automate the model performance evaluation, and additional effort is required to match the sample period with the model output period. As in the case of the IMPROVE data, measured species can not be compared directly to the models species, and Table 8-1 shows the mapp ing scheme to be used for comparing the CASTNET data to model species. Table 8-1 . Species mappings for CASTNet species. Compound CASTNet Species CMAQ Mapping Gaseous HNO 3 

### NHNO3 (nylon filter) 2176.9*DENS a 

### *HNO3 Particulate NO 3 

### TNO3 (Teflon filter) ANO3J + ANO3I Total HNO 3 

### + NO 3 

### NHNO3 (nylon filter) + TNO3 (Teflon filter) 2176.9*DENS a 

### *HNO3 + ANO3J + ANO3I Particulate NH 4 

### TNH4 (Teflon filter) ANH4I + ANH4J Gaseous SO 2 

### TOTAL_SO2 2211.5*DENS*SO2 Particulate SO 4 

### TSO4 (Teflon filter) ASO4I + ASO4J a 

### Air density obtained from MCIP outputs

### July 2003

G:\VISTAS Modeling\Task3a Air Qualit y Data\Revised_Draft\Sec8.gst.doc 

## 8-3 Figure 8-1. Locations of CASTNet monitoring sites (Figure obtained from EPA CASTNet website).

### July 2003

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## 9-1 9.0 PM SUPERSITES There are 8 PM Supersites. The locations of th ese sites are listed in Table 9-1. The data includes PM size distribution, ions, metal elements, EC, OC, radical, and gaseous pollutants is measured in Supersites. Available data varies with the site. The archived data files can be downloaded from the website ( ftp://ftp.supersitesdata.umd.edu ). Eastern Supersites Program (ESP01) The ESP01 was initially planned as an effort to coordinate an intensive monitoring in July 2001 among the three PM Supersites projects (N ew York, Pittsburgh, and Baltimore). As other researchers expressed interest in the pr ogram it grew in scope and eventually over 30 groups were involved in ESP01. The intensive monitoring program was planned for June 30, 2001 at 0000 hrs to July 29, 2001 at 2400 hrs. The program included an extensive set of gas, PM, PM precursor, photochemical, visibility , and meteorological measurements. The study also included an extensive network of Radar Profilers (NOAA FSL) which will be useful for evaluating transport within and above the bound ary layer. EPA plans to centralize all air quality and meteorological data in one location w ithin several relational databases to allow for easy access to the data and to help ensure that m odelers and data analysts will be working with uniform databases. Details on data collect ed at the PM Supersites can be found at www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/supersites.html. We have contacted Paul Solomon and Marc Pitchford to determine the schedule for releasing this database. Table 9-1. Locations of PM Supersites. Location Institution Atlanta GA Georgia Institute of Technology Baltimore, MD University of Maryland at College Park Fresno, CA Desert Research Institute Houston, TX University of Texas at Austin Los Angeles, CA University of California, Los Angeles New York, NY University at Albany, State University of New York Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie Mellon University St. Louis, MO Washington University

### July 2003

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## 10-1 10.0 AIRCRAFT DATA Of the three episodes selected for Phase I, onl y during episode 3 (13-21 July 1999) were there research aircraft flights performed that provi de aloft meteorological and air quality data suitable for model performance testing. Thes e data were collected during the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) intensive field program pe rformed principally in Nashville, TN during the summer of 1999. An overview of the SOS/Na shville 1999 aircraft data has been submitted to VISTAS as Appendix A to the Task 2 repor t (ENVIRON, 2003) and is not repeated here. Aircraft data are available through the NARSTO Archive and are available online at: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/pr oject/narsto/table_narsto.html . We have downloaded the NOAA WP3 data, but have not yet attempted to process this data for model evaluation. The Brookhaven/DOE data does not appear to be accessible through the NARSTO archive, and we will contact Brookhaven directly to access this data.

### July 2003

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## 11-1 11.0 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE In gathering data from the monitoring networ ks we have assumed that QA was performed by the agency or researcher responsible for collect ing the data. However, it is possible that the data sets may contain erroneous data (i.e., missing data, zeros during calibration, unrealistic values, etc). Due to poor documentation or poor formatting of some data sets it is also possible that we will make mistakes in our pr ocessing of the data. To guard against this possibility, we plan to perform a high level QA by visually inspecting time-series plots and scatter plots of the ambient data as follows: Plots of Time Series Time series plots are generated for PAMS sp ecies. The plots should be inspected for the following: • 

## Large "jumps" or "dips" in the concentrations • 

## Periodicity of peaks, calibration carryover • 

## Unexpected diurnal beha vior (i.e., isoprene) • 

## Unexpected relationships among species • 

## High single-hour concentrations of less abundant species Scatter Plots Scatter plots may be prepared for the following: • 

## Total NMOC vs. species group to tals, vs. individual species • 

## Benzene vs. Toluene, Acetylene, Ethane • 

## Scatter plots comparing data for a single species measured with different sampling methods • 

## Plots of reconstructed mass versus measur ed mass (to reveals if anything unusual is happening with the chemical measurements) • 

## Plots of molal particulate ammonium versus the molal sum of sulfate and particulate nitrate (as a sanity check on the ion bala nce in the PM chemical measurements) If we identify data that appears flawed it will be flagged and either corrected if the error is in the processing step, or removed from the data set.

## Appendix A Locations of Speciated PM and IMPROVE Monitors

## Trends (54) Supplemental (~215 sites currently known) Supersites Daily Sites IMPROVE IMPROVE Protocol Castnet conversion Deploy in 2002 Deploy in 2003



# Current/Planned Urban & Rural PM 2.5 

# Speciation Networks

SS SS

SS 

# 01/02 SS

SS SS SS SS

## IMPROVE or IMPROVE Protocol sites

IMPROVE Protocol Sites t/b deployed 2002 2003 From Discussions with RPOs and Tribal Agencies Castnet sites converted to IMPROVE Supplemental Speciation Sites Class I Areas Tribal Lands 

# Current/Planned IMPROVE, IMPROVE Protocol & Rural Supplemental PM 2.5 

# Speciation Sites

2/02

## 13 

# Appendix C.3 Air Quality System (AQS) Data for Kentucky 2000-2007UNITES STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY QUICKLOOK CRITERIA PARAMETERS Mar. 5, 2008 Report Request ID: 511663 Report Code: AMP450

Selection Criteria Page 1 User ID: NOQ

State County City

Site Parameter POC AQCR UAR MSA CMSA EPA Region Method Duration Begin Date End Date 21 1 GEOGRAPHIC SELECTIONS

PROTOCOL SELECTIONS Parameter Classification Parameter Method Duration CRITERIA 88101

SELECTED OPTIONS EVENTS PROCESSING MERGE PDF FILES Option Type Option Value EXCLUDE REGIONALLY CONCURRED EVENTS

YES SORT ORDER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Order Column

PARAMETER_CODE STATE_CODE COUNTY_CODE SITE_ID POC DATES EDT_ID GLOBAL DATES 2000 Start Date End Date 2007 TribalMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 1 of 22 EXCEPTIONAL DATA TYPES EDT DESCRIPTION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NO EVENTS EVENTS EXCLUDED EVENTS INCLUDED EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS EXCLUDED NATURAL EVENTS EXCLUDED EVENTS WITH CONCURRENCE EXCLUDED EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS WITH CONCURRENCE EXCLUDED NATURAL EVENTS WITH CONCURRENCE EXCLUDEDMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 2 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-013-0002 21-019-0017 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Middlesboroug h (corporate name for Middlesboro) Ashland Bell

Bell Bell Bell Bell Bell Bell Bell Boyd MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER MIDDLESBORO AIRPORT, 34TH & DORCHESTER 2924 HOLT ST, 2000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 44.3

36.8 34.5 42.2 32.0 34.4 30.2 90.9 37.2 Y
Y
Y
Y 0 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 41.5 30.2 25.9 32.7 29.5 31.0 25.7 40.7 34.0 53 54 57 58 58 55 61 60 112 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 41.5 30.2 25.9 32.7 29.5 31.0 25.7 40.7 34.1 40.2

28.2 24.5 22.3 25.9 27.2 24.5 29.5 34.0 39.8

26.6 24.1 21.4 23.0 26.6 24.1 28.2 32.6 18.23* 15.08 14.29 14.21 13.40 14.95* 13.75 16.52 15.66 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 3 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-019-0017 21-019-0017 21-019-0017 21-019-0017 21-019-0017 21-019-0017 21-019-0017 21-029-0006 21-029-0006 21-029-0006 21-029-0006 21-029-0006 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Ashland Ashland Ashland Ashland Ashland Ashland Ashland Shepherdsvill e Shepherdsvill e Shepherdsvill e Shepherdsvill e Shepherdsvill Boyd

Boyd Boyd Boyd Boyd Boyd Boyd Bullitt Bullitt Bullitt Bullitt Bullitt FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2924 HOLT ST, FIVCO HEALTH DEPT 2ND & CARPENTER STS 2ND & CARPENTER STS 2ND & CARPENTER STS 2ND & CARPENTER STS 2ND & 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 54.4

46.8 37.7 30.7 39.0 48.6 40.4 39.2 41.6 53.2 40.7 33.8 Y Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 37.7 39.4 33.8 30.3 36.1 28.6 38.5 35.2 32.8 34.1 34.8 28.9 115 116 110 120 119 115 117 106 114 116 115 116 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 38.5 44.2 37.4 30.4 38.1 28.9 39.0 35.8 38.3 45.0 38.9 31.9 37.7

39.4 33.8 30.3 36.1 28.6 38.5 35.2 32.8 34.1 34.8 28.9 37.0

39.2 30.7 26.7 35.5 28.0 35.2 35.0 31.5 32.8 31.2 28.8 15.27 15.54 13.93 13.29 16.01 13.76 14.34 16.43 15.55 14.69 14.37 13.62 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 4 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-029-0006 21-029-0006 21-029-0006 21-037-0003

21-037-0003

21-037-0003

21-037-0003

21-037-0003 1

1 1 1

1

1

1

1 0584 0584 0584 0584

0584

0584

0584

0584 e Shepherdsvill e Shepherdsvill e Shepherdsvill e Fort Thomas

Fort Thomas

Fort Thomas

Fort Thomas

Fort Thomas Bullitt

Bullitt Bullitt Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell CARPENTER STS 2ND & CARPENTER STS 2ND & CARPENTER STS 2ND & CARPENTER STS 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 2005

2006 2007 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004 118 118 118 118

118

118

118

118 42.4

39.0 46.8 34.4

35.8

42.5

32.6

37.2 Y

Y

Y

Y 5 5 5 5

5

0

0

0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 39.0 33.5 36.2 33.0

35.3

42.3

28.1

27.5 114 117 117 118

99

99

112

119 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 41.2 34.3 37.7 34.0

35.3

42.3

29.7

30.7 39.0

33.5 36.2 33.0

31.3

38.9

28.1

27.5 35.1

30.9 35.1 31.1

30.5

37.7

27.8

26.9 16.32* 14.14 15.40 15.09

13.44*

14.81*

13.42

12.77 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 5 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-037-0003

21-037-0003

21-037-3002 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-043-0500 21-047-0006 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584

0584

0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Fort Thomas

Fort Thomas Highland Heights Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Campbell

Campbell Campbell Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Carter Christian 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 700 ALEXANDRIA PK, WATER PLT, FT THOMAS 524A John Hill Road CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE CAMP WEBB GRAYSON LAKE 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 2005

2006

2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 118

118

118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 48.5

25.2

34.0 29.5 47.3 39.3 31.3 28.6 39.8 43.2 36.7 40.4 Y Y Y Y 5

0

5 5 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 38.0

25.2

34.0 28.8 28.9 29.8 26.7 24.5 37.2 25.5 30.9 38.3 117

18

49 107 116 115 111 122 117 112 116 104 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 39.0

19.8

33.5 28.9 30.5 37.0 29.7 24.6 39.6 26.3 31.8 39.7 38.0

17.0

26.3 28.8 28.9 29.8 26.7 24.5 37.2 25.5 30.9 38.3 36.0

16.8

26.0 27.8 28.8 27.9 26.3 24.1 36.4 24.9 30.8 34.7 14.84

11.54*

14.56* 13.75* 12.36 12.44 11.41 11.08 13.55 11.49* 12.81 15.45* WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 6 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-047-0006 21-047-0006 21-047-0006 21-047-0006 21-047-0006 21-047-0006 21-047-0006 21-059-0005 21-059-0005 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Owensboro Owensboro Christian

Christian Christian Christian Christian Christian Christian Daviess Daviess 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. 10800 PILOT ROCK ROAD, WILLIAMSON RES. WYNDALL SHPG CTR US 60 & PLSNT VALLEY RD WYNDALL SHPG 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 33.4

35.0 39.0 32.7 44.9 36.8 43.6 38.9 42.7 Y
Y
Y
Y 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 27.2 29.3 36.8 26.2 35.0 30.3 35.5 36.7 30.0 111 107 103 106 119 115 116 110 114 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 27.6 32.0 38.3 28.5 41.0 30.9 39.5 38.6 38.2 27.2

29.3 36.8 26.2 35.0 30.3 35.5 36.7 30.0 26.5

25.8 34.5 25.1 34.2 27.1 35.5 36.6 28.8 13.51 13.09* 13.86* 11.83* 14.04 12.63 13.99 15.09 13.05 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 7 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT
21-059-0005 21-059-0014 21-059-0014 21-059-0014 21-059-0014 21-059-0014 21-061-0501 21-061-0501 21-061-0501 21-067-0012 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Owensboro Owensboro Owensboro Owensboro Owensboro Owensboro Not in a city Not in a city Not in a cityLexingtonFayette Daviess

Daviess Daviess Daviess Daviess Daviess Edmonson Edmonson Edmonson Fayette CTR US 60 & PLSNT VALLEY RD WYNDALL SHPG CTR US 60 & PLSNT VALLEY RD KY WESLEYAN COLLEGE, 3000 FREDERICA ST KY WESLEYAN COLLEGE, 3000 FREDERICA ST KY WESLEYAN COLLEGE, 3000 FREDERICA ST KY WESLEYAN COLLEGE, 3000 FREDERICA ST KY WESLEYAN COLLEGE, 3000 FREDERICA ST MAMMOTH CAVE NP - ALFRED COOK ROAD MAMMOTH CAVE NP - ALFRED COOK ROAD MAMMOTH CAVE NP - ALFRED COOK ROAD 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE 2007

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 2005 2006 2000 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 40.8

40.7 44.2 49.3 45.5 32.6 33.2 34.4 17.1 38.6 Y N Y Y Y 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE
34.9 39.5 31.5 29.5 36.5 27.0 24.2 33.6 17.1 36.8 110 79 113 111 98 116 117 119 15 112 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX
38.5 39.5 41.2 34.6 36.5 27.4 26.8 33.8 13.5 38.5 34.9

39.5 31.5 29.5 34.8 27.0 24.2 33.6 12.5 36.8 34.3

37.2 30.4 28.7 34.4 25.6 23.9 32.8 10.0 31.9 14.17 17.17* 15.18 14.64 14.62* 12.47 11.58 13.63 8.75* 16.22 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 8 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT
21-067-0012

21-067-0012

21-067-0012

21-067-0012

21-067-0012

21-067-0012 1

1

1

1

1

1 0584

0584

0584

0584

0584

0584 (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington) Fayette

Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette CO HEALTH DEPT 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006 118

118

118

118

118

118 48.6

56.0

28.9

33.0

44.1

36.6 Y

Y

Y

Y 5

0

0

0

5

5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE
35.8

41.6

28.3

29.1

35.6

30.4 119

115

109

114

119

119 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX
39.1

53.3

28.6

30.3

40.8

34.1 35.8

41.6

28.3

29.1

35.6

30.4 34.3

33.2

28.0

28.6

34.7

29.0 15.71

15.08

13.79

13.45

15.51

13.67 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 9 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-067-0012

21-067-0014

21-067-0014

21-067-0014

21-067-0014

21-067-0014

21-067-0014 1

1

1

1

1

1

1 0584

0584

0584

0584

0584

0584

0584 LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate Fayette

Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette Fayette 650 NEWTOWN PIKE, FAYETTE CO HEALTH DEPT 533 S LIMESTONE 533 S LIMESTONE 533 S LIMESTONE 533 S LIMESTONE 533 S LIMESTONE 533 S LIMESTONE 2007

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005 118

118

118

118

118

118

118 51.7

39.5

49.0

51.9

43.6

32.5

41.0 Y

Y

Y

Y 5

5

5

0

0

0

5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 35.1

38.1

32.6

41.0

29.1

29.2

35.4 118

107

112

115

104

121

116 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 41.0

38.4

38.1

49.9

30.0

30.7

38.2 35.1

38.1

32.6

41.0

29.1

29.2

35.4 33.7

33.0

31.5

34.1

28.6

29.0

35.1 14.61

16.96*

16.20

15.56

15.03*

14.32

16.05 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 10 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-067-0014

21-067-0014

21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-073-0006 21-093-0006 21-093-0006 1

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584

0584

0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington)LexingtonFayette (corporate name for Lexington) Frankfort Frankfort Frankfort Frankfort Frankfort Frankfort Frankfort Frankfort Elizabethtown Elizabethtown Fayette

Fayette
Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Franklin Hardin Hardin 533 S LIMESTONE 533 S LIMESTONE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 803 SCHENKEL LANE 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES 2006

2007

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 118

118

118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 42.8

38.9

37.0 53.1 47.2 36.4 28.9 49.1 37.1 43.9 39.4 37.7 Y Y Y Y

Y 5

5

5 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 32.2

33.1

34.2 35.6 35.0 30.3 26.9 38.0 28.1 35.3 35.0 30.7 114

109

114 105 111 116 115 118 118 118 86 115 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 36.4

33.6

36.3 50.6 46.2 31.2 27.6 45.7 30.2 37.0 35.0 36.3 32.2

33.1

34.2 35.6 35.0 30.3 26.9 38.0 28.1 35.3 32.9 30.7 30.6

32.0

31.0 30.1 32.9 28.5 26.1 35.5 26.9 30.0 32.6 29.6 13.86

14.37

15.13 13.85 13.85 13.07 12.54 14.59 12.43 13.64 15.61* 14.61 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 11 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-093-0006 21-093-0006 21-093-0006 21-093-0006 21-093-0006 21-093-0006 21-101-0006 21-101-0006 21-101-0006 21-101-0006 21-101-0014 21-101-0014 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Elizabethtown Elizabethtown Elizabethtown Elizabethtown Elizabethtown Elizabethtown Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Not in a city Not in a city Hardin

Hardin Hardin Hardin Hardin Hardin Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK 801 N MILES ST, AMERICAN LEGION PARK BEND GATE SCH BEND GATE RD. BEND GATE SCH BEND GATE RD. BEND GATE SCH BEND GATE RD. BEND GATE SCH BEND GATE RD. BASKETT FIRE DEPARTMENT BASKETT FIRE DEPARTMENT 2002

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 48.8

39.9 30.6 39.6 37.1 48.7 38.5 38.0 49.9 29.0 47.5 27.5 Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y Y 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 32.2 32.4 27.8 35.1 31.8 38.4 38.3 30.0 41.4 29.0 35.8 25.8 115 104 117 118 119 116 100 107 119 29 78 116 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 37.1 34.5 29.7 39.5 33.3 38.6 38.3 36.6 45.8 25.7 35.8 26.1 32.2

32.4 27.8 35.1 31.8 38.4 34.4 30.0 41.4 25.4 32.5 25.8 32.1

26.7 25.3 33.2 29.0 34.9 25.6 28.8 35.8 21.5 31.4 25.0 13.98 13.39 12.24 14.50 13.23 14.49 14.99* 14.21 14.18 13.18* 14.02* 12.14 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 12 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-101-0014 21-101-0014 21-101-0014 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0043 21-111-0044 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0584 0549 Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Henderson

Henderson Henderson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson BASKETT FIRE DEPARTMENT BASKETT FIRE DEPARTMENT BASKETT FIRE DEPARTMENT 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 37TH & SOUTHERN AVENUE 1032 BEECHER AVE, 2005

2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 44.7

39.1 35.5 54.7 48.7 80.2 44.0 43.7 48.8 48.2 47.7 53.1 Y 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 36.7 28.9 31.4 39.4 35.7 46.5 36.3 31.1 42.9 36.0 34.1 37.8 110 117 115 342 83 319 335 342 340 298 354 333 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 36.9 36.8 34.6 50.6 35.7 54.5 43.2 42.8 47.8 39.3 43.8 44.7 36.7

28.9 31.4 44.5 35.4 50.0 42.6 35.1 45.9 38.0 43.0 43.4 34.0

28.4 30.6 43.7 34.0 49.8 40.9 33.1 44.3 37.4 41.4 43.2 15.36 13.35 14.17 17.31 17.10* 17.16 15.96 14.53 16.72 14.96* 15.09 16.68 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 13 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-111-0044 21-111-0044 21-111-0044 21-111-0044 21-111-0044 21-111-0044 21-111-0044 21-111-0048 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0584 0549 Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Jefferson

Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 1032 BEECHER AVE, WYANDOTTE PARK 850 BARRET AVENUE 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 53.2

100.6 53.5 43.5 48.9 48.9 44.5 38.6 Y 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 43.0 45.4 37.9 30.6 40.1 36.3 33.7 37.5 347 330 316 347 333 339 355 108 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 46.5 69.4 44.8 41.0 44.5 38.4 42.8 37.7 46.1

58.8 42.3 34.2 43.2 38.3 41.6 37.5 44.9

57.4 41.5 32.7 43.1 38.2 41.2 36.6 17.73 17.45 15.38 14.05 16.48 15.18 14.91 16.71* WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 14 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-111-0048 21-111-0048 21-111-0048 21-111-0048 21-111-0048 21-111-0048 21-111-0048 21-111-0051 21-111-0051 21-111-0051 21-111-0051 21-111-0051 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 0584 0549 0549 0549 0549 0549 Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Jefferson

Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson 850 BARRET AVENUE 850 BARRET AVENUE 850 BARRET AVENUE 850 BARRET AVENUE 850 BARRET AVENUE 850 BARRET AVENUE 850 BARRET AVENUE 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 55.9

52.1 43.0 42.7 46.4 40.9 42.9 37.8 37.9 30.5 37.3 29.3 Y

Y 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 42.6 44.7 35.5 28.8 43.2 36.7 37.2 36.4 37.6 30.5 33.0 25.8 109 103 108 109 115 120 117 55 51 50 57 60 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 43.7 45.8 42.1 30.4 43.6 37.6 40.4 36.4 37.6 29.6 33.0 25.8 42.6

44.7 35.5 28.8 43.2 36.7 37.2 34.9 32.4 28.8 31.1 24.2 40.2

38.0 32.5 28.3 41.6 35.3 31.9 33.3 29.7 28.3 29.8 23.7 16.90* 16.43 15.53 13.71* 16.77 13.99 15.13 16.80* 16.27* 15.72* 14.92 12.63 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 15 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-111-0051 21-111-0051 21-111-0051 21-111-1041 21-117-0007 21-117-0007 21-117-0007 21-117-0007 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0549 0549 0584 0549 0584 0584 0584 0584 Louisville Louisville Louisville Louisville Covington Covington Covington Covington Jefferson

Jefferson Jefferson Jefferson Kenton
Kenton
Kenton
Kenton ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 7201 WATSON LN, WATSON LN ELEMENTARY SCH 4201 ALGONQUIN PKWY 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 2005

2006 2007 2001 2000 2001 2002 2003 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 39.1

32.8 51.3 60.8 38.9 51.5 39.5 31.9 Y
Y
Y 5 5 5 0 5 5 0 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 36.5 32.5 36.3 43.8 37.2 40.2 37.8 30.8 59 58 60 330 118 112 107 107 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 36.5 32.5 36.3 49.9 38.4 44.6 38.0 31.9 30.0

28.4 32.5 49.9 37.2 40.2 37.8 30.8 29.2

26.2 32.0 47.9 36.9 39.3 37.4 29.6 16.48 13.67 15.71 18.74 16.26 15.25 15.06* 14.30 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 16 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-117-0007 21-117-0007 21-117-0007 21-117-0007 21-125-0004 21-125-0004 21-125-0004 21-125-0004 21-125-0004 21-145-1004 21-145-1004 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Covington Covington Covington Covington London London London London London Paducah Paducah Kenton

Kenton
Kenton
Kenton Laurel Laurel Laurel Laurel Laurel McCracken McCracken 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1401 DIXIE HWY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON AIRPORT LONDON AIRPORT LONDON AIRPORT LONDON AIRPORT LONDON AIRPORT 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 2004

2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2000 2001 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 38.1

52.7 36.7 40.1 31.6 28.3 28.5 38.4 16.2 37.5 34.1 Y

Y Y Y

Y 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 29.4 42.1 32.6 34.6 31.6 24.5 21.5 29.5 16.2 35.3 28.1 115 118 116 115 47 55 57 55 8 92 106 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 37.4 46.8 32.7 34.7 27.3 24.5 21.5 29.5 11.0 35.3 33.0 29.4

42.1 32.6 34.6 24.5 23.1 20.0 27.5 11.0 34.4 28.1 28.2

40.4 32.2 31.6 23.5 21.8 19.0 27.4 10.1 29.6 27.2 13.42 15.86 13.29 14.29 13.02* 12.11* 11.47 14.07 9.00* 15.26* 14.11 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 17 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-145-1004 21-145-1004 21-145-1004 21-145-1004 21-145-1004 21-145-1004 21-151-0003 21-151-0003 21-151-0003 21-151-0003 21-151-0003 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Paducah Paducah Paducah Paducah Paducah Paducah Richmond Richmond Richmond Richmond Richmond McCracken

McCracken McCracken McCracken McCracken McCracken Madison Madison Madison Madison Madison 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL 342 LONE OAK RD, PADUCAH MIDDLE SCHOOL MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET 2002

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 44.3

43.6 27.7 39.6 39.3 39.4 37.3 50.6 49.8 31.3 33.7 Y Y Y

Y Y Y Y 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 30.2 31.0 26.5 37.1 36.7 34.2 29.9 29.9 33.7 28.1 28.4 103 102 117 119 119 115 116 105 109 112 111 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 34.4 36.3 27.0 37.2 38.9 36.8 31.2 30.5 34.6 31.2 28.6 30.2

31.0 26.5 37.1 36.7 34.2 29.9 29.9 33.7 28.1 28.4 28.3

29.3 26.3 36.9 31.4 33.9 28.8 28.6 32.8 26.3 27.0 12.61* 13.75 11.77 14.03 13.61 14.10 14.93 13.85 13.46 12.93 12.98 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 18 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-151-0003 21-151-0003 21-151-0003 21-183-0032 21-183-0032 21-183-0032 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-193-0003 21-195-0002 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Richmond Richmond Richmond Not in a city Not in a city Not in a city Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Pikeville Madison

Madison Madison Ohio Ohio Ohio Perry Perry Perry Perry Perry Perry Perry Perry Pike MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET MAYFIELD SCHOOL, BOND STREET KEYTOWN ROAD KEYTOWN ROAD KEYTOWN ROAD PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK PERRY COUNTY HORSE PARK 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT 2005

2006 2007 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 42.3

32.4 44.7 34.5 25.0 43.6 34.9 36.5 25.4 37.3 27.9 34.6 29.9 63.0 32.7 Y

Y Y Y Y Y 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 32.6 28.2 31.9 34.5 24.2 38.6 34.9 28.0 25.4 28.3 24.7 31.4 26.9 40.2 31.3 115 118 117 48 55 56 36 55 50 57 61 55 58 59 106 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 35.2 28.6 35.6 33.1 24.2 38.6 33.7 28.0 23.2 28.3 24.7 31.4 26.9 40.2 31.5 32.6

28.2 31.9 29.2 22.6 26.1 33.6 28.0 22.0 22.5 21.0 26.4 22.7 38.0 31.3 31.7

26.9 31.8 28.0 22.5 23.6 33.4 26.6 21.2 22.5 19.7 25.8 21.8 31.2 30.9 15.21 12.31 13.37 14.85* 12.67 14.40 17.95* 14.33 13.03* 13.30 11.94 13.87 12.36 15.42 14.78 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 19 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-195-0002 21-195-0002 21-195-0002 21-195-0002 21-195-0002 21-195-0002 21-195-0002 21-227-0007 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Pikeville Pikeville Pikeville Pikeville Pikeville Pikeville Pikeville Bowling Green Pike

Pike Pike Pike Pike Pike Pike
Warren OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC 101 NORTH MAYO TRAIL, DOT DISTRICT OFFIC KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 44.5

41.7 62.2 36.5 43.7 32.2 54.1 41.8 Y
Y
Y
Y
Y 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 31.9 29.7 30.5 28.2 32.0 29.4 38.1 32.6 108 119 114 120 120 120 120 116 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 34.1 38.2 43.0 29.7 34.1 30.9 39.6 33.8 31.9

29.7 30.5 28.2 32.0 29.4 38.1 32.6 30.5

29.0 29.5 25.4 30.0 28.3 33.0 32.3 14.49 13.58 13.13 12.34 14.14 13.44 14.47 15.24 WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 20 of 22 PM2.5 - Local Conditions (88101) Kentucky Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105)
SITE ID P

O C PQAO CITY COUNTY ADDRESS YEAR METH #OBS 4TH MAX CERT EDT 21-227-0007 21-227-0007 21-227-0007 21-227-0007 21-227-0007 21-227-0007 21-227-0007 21-227-0008 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 0584 Bowling Green Bowling Green Bowling Green Bowling Green Bowling Green Bowling Green Bowling Green Oakland Warren

Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN KEREIAKES PARK, FAIRVIEW & COLLETT LN OAKLAND ELEMENTARY SCH, KY 179, OAKLAND 2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 37.0

32.0 36.2 34.7 38.9 37.3 44.2 37.5 Y
Y
Y
Y 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 24-HOUR 98TH PERCENTILE VALUE 31.5 29.1 30.2 31.5 32.5 34.8 38.0 37.5 118 119 107 115 117 117 80 38 1ST

MAX 2ND

MAX 3RD

MAX 33.5 31.0 32.7 32.8 35.1 35.0 38.0 22.4 31.5

29.1 30.2 31.5 32.5 34.8 37.7 20.9 30.1

26.7 29.1 29.2 31.5 30.6 37.5 19.5 14.77 13.27 13.31 13.14 14.82 13.83 17.23* 13.33* WTD ARITH MEANMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 21 of 22 88101 118 R & P MODEL 2025 PM2.5 SEQUENTIAL w/WINS GRAVIMETRIC PARAMETER METHOD

CODE COLLECTION METHOD ANALYSIS METHOD METHODS USED IN THIS REPORTMar. 5, 2008

Note: The * indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM QUICK LOOK REPORT (AMP450)



### Page 22 of 22 PQAOS USED IN THIS REPORT PQAO AGENCY DESCRIPTION 0549 0584 Jefferson County, KY Air Pollution Control District Kentucky Division For Air Quality