NUMBER 13-16-00633-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

SANDRA MARIBEL ARROYO, Appellant,

v.

CRISTO REY GARZA, Appellee.

On appeal from the 370th District Court 

of Hidalgo County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Contreras, Longoria, and Hinojosa

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria

Appellant Sandra Maribel Arroyo appeals from an order granting summary 

judgment against her. By one issue, she argues that the lower court erred in granting 

summary judgment against her because she had satisfied the requirements for a bill of 

review. We affirm.
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I. BACKGROUND

Appellee Cristo Rey Garza filed suit against appellant in July 2013, alleging that 

two properties in appellant’s name actually belonged to him. Appellee claimed that he 

put the titles to the two properties in appellant’s name “for the sole purpose of 

convenience,” and that appellant agreed to transfer the two parcels back to him on 

demand. Appellee sought a trust over the first parcel and a constructive trust over the 

proceeds from the second, which appellant had sold. 

Appellant appeared pro se and filed a general denial in August 2013. In her 

general denial, appellant indicated that her mailing address was “15200 N. Moorefield 

Road, Mission, Texas, 78574.” All subsequent correspondence was mailed to her listed 

address. 

Appellee filed a motion for summary judgment, and two notices were mailed to 

appellant’s N. Moorefield Road address as listed: first, a notice of the original deadline 

for her response, and next, an amended deadline notice. Appellant failed to respond to 

either and the trial court granted appellee’s motion for summary judgment on December 

22, 2014. Notice of the judgment was mailed to the N. Moorefield Road address as 

provided by appellant on February 2, 2015. 

After receiving notice to vacate, appellant filed a restricted appeal claiming that 

she had received notice too late to file post-judgment motions, and this Court affirmed the 

trial court’s summary judgment. See Arroyo v. Garza, No.13-15-00211-CV, 2015 WL 

9487259 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Dec. 29, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.). Appellant then 

filed a petition for bill of review in the trial court seeking to set aside the November 2015 

judgment. Appellee again filed for summary judgment on May 16, 2016, arguing that 
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appellant had not exercised due diligence in pursuing all adequate legal remedies against

a final judgment, and the trial court granted his motion. This appeal followed.

II. DISCUSSION

Appellant argues that the trial court erred in granting appellee’s motion for 

summary judgment because appellee did not establish an absence of issues of material 

fact and that he was entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. See TEX. R. APP. P.

166a(c). 

A. Law of the Case and Entitlement to Bill of Review Relief

Appellee argues that because we have already made a decision in this case, the 

law of the case doctrine applies. Appellant argues that the law of the case doctrine is 

inapplicable because the initial decision contained serious errors.

1. Applicable Law

Under the law of the case doctrine, a court of appeals is ordinarily bound by its 

initial decision if there is a subsequent appeal in the same case. Briscoe v. Goodmark 

Corp., 102 S.W.3d 714, 716 (Tex. 2003). An appellate court’s decision is final both for 

matters already litigated and any other matters the parties might have litigated. Medina 

v. Benkiser, 317 S.W.3d 296, 299 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, no pet.). This 

final decision is deemed the law of the case unless it is clearly erroneous. Cessna Aircraft 

Co. v. Aircraft Network, LLC, 345 S.W.3d 139, 150 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.).

Bill of review relief is only available if a party has exercised due diligence in 

pursuing all adequate legal remedies against a judgment. Wembley Inv. Co. v. Herrera, 

11 S.W.3d 924, 927 (Tex. 1999).

2. Analysis
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Appellant argues that our initial decision on whether appellant received notice too 

late to file post-judgment motions was “clearly erroneous” because the timeline for notice 

provided by appellant on initial appeal was incorrect. Specifically, she claims that the 

conclusion that she had sufficient time to move to extend post-judgment deadlines was 

erroneous because she did not actually receive notice of the judgment within forty-two 

days after judgment was rendered. However, this is not an error in application of law by 

this court. In appellant’s previous appeal, we held that “Arroyo does not explain why 

receiving notice earlier than ninety-one days after the court signed the judgment is 

reversible error when she did not attempt to extend the timelines through the procedure 

provided by Rule 306a(4)” and, as a result, that she failed to establish error on the face 

of the record. See Arroyo, No. 13-15-00211-CV, 2015 WL 9487259 at *3. The claim that 

she received notice within ninety-one days of judgment was made by appellant in her 

brief and is not a conclusion of this court. Our conclusion that appellant failed to avail 

herself of legal remedies is not “clearly erroneous” when appellant claimed in her earlier 

appeal that notice was received within forty-two days after the judgment. Because the 

decision was not clearly erroneous, the law of the case applies. Cessna, 345 S.W.3d at 

150.

Furthermore, appellant did not raise the issue of notice in her restricted appeal. In 

a restricted appeal, only errors that are apparent on the face of the record can be raised. 

See Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004). Lack of notice 

could have been found to be apparent on the face of the record because the record

included a Rule 306a notice letter which indicated that it was unclaimed and returned to 

sender. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 306(a). However, because appellant did not raise the issue 
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of lack of notice in the restricted appeal, this court did not address it and therefore, the 

decision on this issue is final. See Medina, 317 S.W.3d at 299. Because the law of the 

case applies, that issue is waived and cannot now be raised in her bill of review. See id. 

Therefore, as we held previously, it remains “undisputed that [appellant] did not attempt 

to take advantage of the procedure for extending the post-judgment timelines.” Arroyo, 

2015 WL 9487259 at *3. Consequently, it is undisputed that Arroyo did not exhaust all 

adequate legal remedies, and appellant is not entitled to seek relief by bill of review. See 

Narvaez v. Maldonado, 127 S.W.3d 313, 321 (Tex. App.—Austin 2004, no pet.) (holding 

that the “due diligence requirement is distinct from the three bill of review elements, for 

the complainant must allege and prove that he exercised due diligence in pursuing all 

adequate legal remedies to the challenged judgment or show good cause for failing to 

exhaust those remedies in order to be entitled to seek bill of review relief”).

B. Bill of Review

1. Standard of Review and Applicable Law

We review a trial court’s granting of a summary judgment motion de novo. Buck 

v. Palmer, 381 S.W.3d 525, 527 (Tex. 2012). Ordinarily, in seeking a bill of review, a 

party must prove: (1) a meritorious defense to the underlying cause of action; (2) that 

they were prevented from making the defense by fraud, accident, or wrongful act by the 

opposing party, or by official mistake; and (3) that judgment was unmixed with any fault 

or negligence of their own. Caldwell v. Barnes, 154 S.W.3d 93, 96 (Tex. 2004). However, 

plaintiffs claiming non-service, must only prove that judgment was not mixed with the 

plaintiff’s own negligence. See id. at 97. Parties have a responsibility to keep the court 

informed of their correct addresses. TEX. CIV.PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 30.015(a) (West, 
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Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.); see Withrow v. Schou, 13 S.W.3d 37, 41 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, pet. denied). Only notice reasonably calculated under the 

circumstances is required for due process, and actual notice is not required. See 

Withrow, 13 S.W.3d at 40–41 (notice satisfied when clerk sent notice to counsel’s last 

known address). Failure to exercise reasonable care in providing an address is 

negligence and will bar relief by bill of review. Saint v. Bledsoe, 416 S.W.3d 98, 112 (Tex. 

App.—Texarkana 2013, no pet.); see also Montalvo v. Vela, No. 13-14-00166-CV, 2016 

WL 192063, at *4 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Jan. 14, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.).

2. Analysis

Appellant contends that the first two requirements of a bill of review are not 

applicable to her case. In cases of non-service due process relieves a bill of review 

plaintiff from proving a meritorious defense when a mistake or wrongful act prevented 

them from asserting this defense. See Caldwell, 154 S.W.3d at 96–97. Because we 

need not address the first two requirements, we turn to the final requirement: whether 

the judgment was unmixed with appellant’s negligence.

Appellant does not argue that she did not receive notice because the address 

notice was mailed to was incorrect; in fact, she argues it was correct. Instead, she argues 

that she did not receive notice because the court’s clerk failed to try other addresses after 

notice was returned unclaimed. However, actual notice is not required, and the clerk 

satisfied the requirement for notice upon sending notice to appellant’s most recent 

address. See Withrow, 13 S.W.3d at 40. In his May 2016 motion for summary judgment, 

appellee explains that after a request by him to confirm the address given by appellant, 

the United States Postal Service informed appellee, in a “Change of Address or Boxholder 
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Request Format – Process Servers” form, that the “15200 N. Moorefield Road” address 

provided by appellant does not exist. Appellant providing an incorrect address to the 

court and never correcting it constitutes negligence so as to bar relief by bill of review. 

See Bledsoe, 416 S.W.3d at 112. Appellant did not receive actual notice of the judgment 

because she negligently provided an incorrect address to the court. As a result, appellant 

has negligently contributed to her nonservice and has not satisfied the sole requirement 

for a bill of review alleging non-service. See Caldwell, 154 S.W.3d at 96. Because 

appellant failed to satisfy the requirements for a bill of review, appellee was entitled to 

judgment as a matter of law. 

In summary, we conclude that appellant is not entitled to seek bill of review relief 

because she did not exhaust all adequate remedies available. See Narvaez, 127 S.W.3d 

at 321. However, even assuming that she was entitled to bill of review relief, there is no 

genuine issue of fact concerning her partial negligence. See Bledsoe, 416 S.W.3d at 

112. Therefore, the trial court did not err in granting appellee’s motion for summary 

judgment.

III. CONCLUSION

We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

NORA L. LONGORIA

Justice 

Delivered and filed the

26th day of July, 2018.