IssuesAssociatedwithRetrofittingCoastalPowerPlantsJohnS.MaulbetschOnce-throughCooling:ResultsSymposiumUniversityofCaliforniaDavis,CaliforniaJanuary16,2008Topicsforthenext20minutes•Estimatingcapitalcostsofretrofit•Somecomparisons•AdditionalcostsofretrofittingEstimatingcapitalcostsTwoapproaches1.Bottomup---buildupfromdesign,componentcostsandinstallationcosts2.Topdown---•Establisharangebasedonknowncostsofotherprojects•Placeinrangebasedona“degreeofdifficulty”judgmentEstablishingtherange•Correlationofreportedprojectcosts–50plants–Coal/gas/nuclear–Fresh/brackish/salinewatersource–Widerangeofclimates•Circulatingwaterflowusedascorrelatingfactor•Costsfellintothreeclusters–Low;average;highGraphicalcorrelationsRetrofitProjectCosts---DegreeofDifficulty02004006008001,0001,2000500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,000CirculatingWaterFlowrate,gpm

R e t r o f i t C o s t , M i l l i o n s o f $EasyAverageDifficult~$425/gpm~$165/gpm~$275/gpmThingsthatsetdegreeofdifficulty•Sitingtower–Relocationofstructures–Landacquisition–Gradingofsiteforgravityreturn•Excavationforcirc.waterlinesandsump–Interferences–Soilconditions•Wet,unstable•Bedrock•ContaminatedMorethings•Noisecontrol–Specialfans–Windwalls•Plumeabatement–Highercosttower–HardertositeAnotherthingBase-loadplantwithlongremaininglife–Re-optimize•Lowercirculatingwaterflow•Higherrange–Probablere-tubingofcondenser–Relocationofinletexitlines–ExtendedoutageformodificationsSomecomparisons•MaulbetschConsulting/TetraTech–Directcomparisonat15plants–MC/TT=1.03(Totalforall15plants)Comparisonwith“Average”050100150200250300050100150200250MaulbetschConsulting"Average",$millions

T e t r a T e c h , $ m i l l i o n sScattergoodHuntingtonBeachPittsburg+20%+40%Comparisonwith“Difficult”01002003004005006007008000100200300400500600700800MaulbetschConsulting"Difficult",$millions

T e t r a T e c h , $ m i l l i o n sNuclearplantsComparisonwithEstimate050100150200250300050100150200250300350MaulbetschConsultingEstimate,$millions

T e t r a T e c h E s t i m a t e , $ m i l l i o n s+~20%-~20%HaynesAlamitosPittsburgScattergoodElSegundoPlantswithdifferences•Alamitos:6units;1982MW;800,000gpm–MC;ratedas“difficult”($325million)•Plumeabatement•Highcirc.waterlineinstallationcosts•Demolitioncosts–T’Tech($210million;~MC“average”)•Noplumeabatement(~$60million)•3towersvs.6towers(largesavingsoncirc.linecosts)Plantswithdifferences•Scattergood:3units;803MW;344,000gpm–MC;ratedas“average”to“difficult”($120MM)•Plumeabatement•Onetowerperunit•Moderatebutnotseverelinecosts–T’Tech($160million;>MC“difficult”)•Plumeabatement•TwotowersforUnit3•Costsrelatedtoswitchyard•NoiseabatementAdditional(non-capital)costs•Drift/PM10offsets•Plantdowntime•Landacquisition/securityzoneenhancement•PermittingtimeDrift/PM10Offsets•Assuming–Seawatermake-up–Drifteliminatorsspec’dat0.0005%–AlldriftsolidsconsideredPM10•Fora250MWplantoperatingat80%c.fPM10emissions~60tons/yearPlantdowntime•Primarilyaffectedbytie-intocondenserandintake/dischargefacilities•Estimatesvaryfrom<1monthto~1year•Ifcondenserisre-optimized,timeismuchlonger•CostsaredependentonschedulingLandacquisition/securityzone•Situationswhereinsufficientareaisavailableon-site•Establishabufferzonefromnearneighbors•Specialconsiderationsfornuclearplants....–Locationoftowermayextendsecurityzone–Additionalfencing,perimetermonitors,etc.–IncreasedsecuritystaffPermittingcosts•Nobasisforestimatingbutmightbesubstantial–Significanttimerequirements–LegalandconsultingassistanceOperatingcosts•Additionaloperatingpowerrequirements–Pumpingpower–Fanpower•Penaltycosts—effectofcoolingsystemonplantperformance–Heatrate–PlantcapacityAdditionalpumpingpower•Headlossesincirc.waterlines•Gettingwatertotopoftower•Assume....–1000’line–40’rise•Pumppower~0.5%FanPower•~10,000gpm/cell•~200HPfan•Fanpower~1%EffectoncondensingtemperatureTerminalTemperatureDifference(TTD)RangeTcondThotTcold C i r c . W a t e r F l o wSourcewatertemperatureTerminalTemperatureDifference(TTD)RangeTcondThotTcold C i r c . W a t e r F l o wSourcewatertemperatureTerminalTemperatureDifference(TTD)RangeTcondThotTcold C i r c . W a t e r F l o wSourcewatertemperatureTerminalTemperatureDifference(TTD)RangeTcondThotTcold C i r c . W a t e r F l o wSourcewatertemperatureCondenserTTDApproachRangeTcondTamb.wb C i r c . W a t e r F l o wThotwaterTcoldwaterCondenserTTDApproachRangeTcondTamb.wb C i r c . W a t e r F l o wThotwaterTcoldwaterCondenserTTDApproachRangeTcondTamb.wb C i r c . W a t e r F l o wThotwaterTcoldwaterCondenserTTDApproachRangeTcondTamb.wb C i r c . W a t e r F l o wThotwaterTcoldwaterCondenserTTDApproachRangeTcondTamb.wb C i r c . W a t e r F l o wThotwaterTcoldwaterColdwatercomparisonsMossLandingEnvironmentalTemperatures505254565860626466687001-Oct-0520-Nov-0509-Jan-0628-Feb-0619-Apr-0608-Jun-0628-Jul-0616-Sep-06Date

T e m p e r a t u r e , FOceanWaterTemperatureWetBulbMax