NISTIR 7562 

SEABIRD TISSUE ARCHIVAL AND MONITORING PROJECT: 

Egg Collections and Analytical Results for 2002-2005 

Stacy S. Vander Pol1 

Paul R. Becker1 

Rusty D. Day1

Michael B. Ellisor1

Aurore Guichard1 

Amanda J. Moors1

David Point1

Rebecca S. Pugh1 

David G. Roseneau2

1

U.S. Department of Commerce 

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory 

Analytical Chemsitry Division 

Hollings Marine Laboratory 

Charleston, SC 29412 

2

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 

Homer, AK 99603 
NISTIR 7562 

SEABIRD TISSUE ARCHIVAL AND MONITORING PROJECT: 

Egg Collections and Analytical Results for 2002-2005 

Stacy S. Vander Pol1 

Paul R. Becker1 

Rusty D. Day1

Michael B. Ellisor1

Aurore Guichard1 

Amanda J. Moors1

David Point1

Rebecca S. Pugh1 

David G. Roseneau2

1

U.S. Department of Commerce 

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Hollings Marine Laboratory 

Charleston, SC 29412 

2

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 

Homer, AK 99603 

February 2009 

Erratum: Glaucous gull eggs were not collected from the Penny River delta, but rather at a 

colony approximately 24 km to the west-northwest in the Sinuk River delta. This correction does 

not affect the findings of the report.
ii

Table of Contents 

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iii

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iii

List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... iv

Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii

Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................... vii

Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... viii

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ix

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

METHODS ..................................................................................................................................... 5

Study Area and Sampling Sites ................................................................................................... 5

Collecting Protocols and Egg Collecting Kits ............................................................................ 9

Sample Processing and Banking ............................................................................................... 10

Analysis for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) ................................................................... 10

Analysis for Mercury (total, inorganic, and organic mercury) ................................................. 13

Analysis for Organotin Compounds ......................................................................................... 14

Statistical Methods .................................................................................................................... 14

RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 15

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)........................................................................................ 15

Mercury (including organomercury) ......................................................................................... 29

Organotin Compounds .............................................................................................................. 32

DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................... 35

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)........................................................................................ 35

Mercury (including organomercury) ......................................................................................... 41

Organotin Compounds .............................................................................................................. 46

CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................... 47

RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 48

LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................. 50
iii

List of Tables

Table 1. The 1999-2005 Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) seabird egg 

collection sites ................................................................................................................................. 7

Table 2. Egg clutches banked by the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) 8

Table 3. Mass fractions of POPs in glaucous gull and glaucous-winged gull eggs ...................... 27

Table 4. Mass fractions of MBT, DBT, TBT and ∑BT in common and thick-billed murre eggs 

and glaucous and glaucous-winged gull eggs collected in the Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf 

of Alaska during 1999-2005, and brown pelican eggs obtained in the Charleston, South Carolina 

vicinity in 2005 ............................................................................................................................. 33

Table 5. Mass fractions of selected organic contaminants in Alaskan common murre eggs 

compared to values reported from Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea ................................................ 39

Table 6. Mass fractions of total mercury in common and thick-bill murre eggs from Alaska, 

California, Norway, and Russia. ................................................................................................... 42

List of Figures 

Figure 1. The 1999-2005 Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) seabird egg 

collection sites ................................................................................................................................. 6

Figure 2. Murre and gull sampling sites compared during this study. ............................................ 9

Figure 3. Percent lipid in common murre eggs collected at 10 Alaskan colonies ........................ 16

Figure 4. Mass fractions of POPs in Gulf of Alaska common murre eggs collected in 2003 and 

2004............................................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 5. Mass fractions of POPs in Bering Sea common murre eggs collected in 2005 ............ 18

Figure 6. Mass fractions of POPs in thick-billed murre eggs collected in 2002 .......................... 19

Figure 7. Mass fractions of POPs in common murre eggs collected over several years at St. 

Lazaria, East Amatuli, and Bogoslof islands ................................................................................ 21

Figure 8. Principal components analysis for common murre eggs. .............................................. 22

Figure 9. Mass fractions of POPs in the Bogoslof Island common murre eggs collected in 2005 

with and without outlier Egg ID 863 ............................................................................................ 23

Figure 10. Principal components analysis for thick-billed and common murre eggs ................... 24

Figure 11. Mass fractions of POPs in glaucous gull and glaucous-winged gull eggs collected in 

2005............................................................................................................................................... 26

Figure 12. Principal components analysis for glaucous gull and glaucous-winged gull eggs ...... 28

Figure 13. Percentages of methylmercury contributing to total mercury in murre and gull eggs 29

Figure 14. Mass fractions of mercury in individual murre and gull eggs ..................................... 30

Figure 15. Mass fractions of mercury in murre and gull eggs by species and geographic location.

....................................................................................................................................................... 31
iv

Figure 16. Mass fractions of mercury in common murre eggs collected in 2005 from coastal 

mainland colonies in Norton Sound compared with other mainland and coastal colonies in the 

Bering and Chukchi seas ............................................................................................................... 31

Figure 17. Mass fractions of MBT, DBT, TBT and ∑BT in murre and gull eggs from colonies in 

the Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska ......................................................................... 34

Figure 18. BuSn mass fractions in Gulf of Alaska common and thick-billed murre eggs ........... 34

Figure 19. Mass fractions of POPs in common murre eggs collected at Alaskan colonies during 

2003-2005 and the 1970s .............................................................................................................. 38

Figure 20. Mass fractions of contaminants in glaucous (GLGU) and glaucous-winged (GWGU) 

gull eggs reported in the literature and found during this study ................................................... 40

List of Appendices 

Appendix 1. Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005 ......................................... 57

Appendix 2. The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) murre egg collection 

protocol ......................................................................................................................................... 79

Appendix 3. The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) gull egg collection 

protocol ......................................................................................................................................... 83

Appendix 4. A typical murre egg collecting kit used during this study ....................................... 88

Appendix 5. Percent lipid results for STAMP egg samples with SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish 

Tissue and Murre Egg Control Material results compared to reference values ............................ 89

Appendix 6. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish 

Tissue and Murre Egg Control Material compared to reference values and maximum limits of 

detection or quantitation. .............................................................................................................. 90

Appendix 7. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish Tissue 

and Murre Egg Control Material compared to reference values and maximum limits of detection 

or quantitation ............................................................................................................................... 91

Appendix 8. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at St. Lazaria Island in 2003 ......................................................................................................... 93

Appendix 9. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at Middleton Island in 2003 .......................................................................................................... 94

Appendix 10. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at East Amatuli Island in 2003. ..................................................................................................... 95

Appendix 11. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at St. Lazaria and Duck Islands in 2004. ...................................................................................... 96

Appendix 12. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at Middleton Island in 2004. ......................................................................................................... 97

Appendix 13. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at Gull Island in 2004 .................................................................................................................... 98
v

Appendix 14. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at capes Denbigh and Pierce in 2005 ............................................................................................ 99

Appendix 15. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at Sledge Island and Bluff in 2005 .............................................................................................. 100

Appendix 16. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected 

at Bogoslof Island in 2005 .......................................................................................................... 101

Appendix 17. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at St. 

Lazaria Island in 2003 ................................................................................................................. 102

Appendix 18. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at 

Middleton Island in 2003 ............................................................................................................ 104

Appendix 19. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at East 

Amatuli Island in 2003................................................................................................................ 106

Appendix 20. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at St. 

Lazaria and Duck islands in 2004 ............................................................................................... 108

Appendix 21. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at 

Middleton Island in 2004 ............................................................................................................ 110

Appendix 22. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at Gull 

Island in 2004 .............................................................................................................................. 112

Appendix 23. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at capes 

Denbigh and Pierce in 2005 ........................................................................................................ 114

Appendix 24. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at 

Sledge Island and Bluff in 2005 .................................................................................................. 116

Appendix 25. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in common murre eggs collected at 

Bogoslof Island in 2005 .............................................................................................................. 118

Appendix 26. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions with percent lipids in thick-billed murre eggs 

collected at St. Lazaria Island in 2002 ........................................................................................ 120

Appendix 27. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions with percent lipids in thick-billed murre eggs 

collected at St. George Island in 2002 ........................................................................................ 121

Appendix 28. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions with percent lipids in thick-billed murre eggs 

collected at St. Lawrence Island in 2002 .................................................................................... 122

Appendix 29. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions with percent lipids in thick-billed murre eggs 

collected at Cape Lisburne in 2002 ............................................................................................. 123

Appendix 30. PCB congener mass fractions in thick-billed murre eggs collected at St. Lazaria 

Island in 2002 .............................................................................................................................. 124

Appendix 31. PCB congener mass fractions in thick-billed murre eggs collected at St. George 

Island in 2002 .............................................................................................................................. 125

Appendix 32. PCB congener mass fractions in thick-billed murre eggs collected at St. Lawrence 

Island in 2002. ............................................................................................................................. 126
vi

Appendix 33. PCB congener mass fractions in thick-billed murre eggs collected at Cape 

Lisburne in 2002 ......................................................................................................................... 127

Appendix 34. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in glaucous-winged gull eggs collected in 

the Gulf of Alaska in 2005 .......................................................................................................... 128

Appendix 35. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in glaucous-winged gull eggs collected in 

the Bering Sea in 2005. ............................................................................................................... 130

Appendix 36. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in glaucous gull eggs collected in the 

Bering Sea in 2005. ..................................................................................................................... 132

Appendix 37. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions in glaucous gull eggs collected in the 

Chukchi Sea in 2005 ................................................................................................................... 134

Appendix 38. Pesticide mass fractions with percent lipids in glaucous-winged gull eggs collected 

in the Gulf of Alaska in 2005 ...................................................................................................... 136

Appendix 39. Pesticide mass fractions with percent lipids in glaucous-winged gull eggs collected 

in the Bering Sea in 2005 ............................................................................................................ 137

Appendix 40. Pesticide mass fractions with percent lipids in glaucous gull eggs collected in the 

Bering Sea in 2005 ...................................................................................................................... 138

Appendix 41. Pesticide mass fractions with percent lipids in glaucous gull eggs collected in the 

Chukchi Sea in 2005 ................................................................................................................... 139

Appendix 42. Total mercury mass fractions in seabird eggs ...................................................... 140

Appendix 43. Organotin levels in selected seabird eggs ............................................................ 142

 
vii

Acknowledgements 

We would like to thank the following people, organizations, and agencies for their contributions 

to STAMP and this study: Glenn Chen (Bureau of Indian Afairs, Alaska Regional Subsistance 

Branch, Anchorage); Vernon Byrd, Leslie Chappel, Laura Greffenius, Nathan Jones, Arthur 

Kettle, Rob MacDonald, Jacqueline McDonough, Laurie Ness, Alexis Paul, Heather Renner, 

Nora Rojek, Splade Sapora, Leslie Slater, Art Sowls, Kent Sundseth, and Jeff Williams (U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Homer); Emily Bernhardt, 

Tracy Caddy, David Irons, and Aly McKnight, (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of 

Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage); Mary Cody (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine 

Mammals Management, Anchorage); Steve Amstrup, Naomi Bargmann, Tony DeGange, Darren 

Doderer, Jessica Fischer, M.L. Gentes, Scott Hatch, Susan Hatch, Monica Parson, Andrew 

Ramey, Kristin Simac, and Tim Van Nus (U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources 

Division, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage); Lyman Thorsteinson and David Woodson, (U.S. 

Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, Western Regional Office, Seattle); Cleveland 

Cowles (Minerals Management Service, Anchorage); Jim Woolington (Alaska Department of 

Fish and Game, Dillingham); Loren Buck, Gordon Jarrell, Dean Kildaw, Alexander Kitaysky, 

Edward Murphy, Katherine Murra, Rachael Orben, Alan Springer, and Kevin Winker 

(University of Alaska); Julia Parrish and Jane Doliver (University of Washington, Seattle); Lisa 

Sheffield and Ian Rose (Oregon State University); Michael Smolen (World Wildlife Fund and 

Perdue University); Lianna Jack, Dan Martinez, and Donna Willoya (Alaska Sea Otter & Sea 

Lion Commission, Anchorage); Patricia Cochran (Alaska Native Science Commission, 

Anchorage); Tom Van Pelt (Transboundary Ecologic LLC, Anchorage); Nikolay Pavlof (State 

Nature Biosphere Preserve ‘Komandorskiy’, Commander Islands, Russian Far East); Earl 

Kingik, Russel Lane, and Elijah Lane (Native Village of Point Hope, Point Hope); Enoch Shiedt 

(Maniilaq Association, Kotzebue); Ron Moto (Native Village of Deering, Deering); Austin 

Ahmasuk, Roy Ashenfelter, and Bruce Tungwenuk (Natural Resources Division, Kawerak, Inc., 

Nome); Harold Ahmasuk, Sylvester Ayek, Brian Ayek, and Lance Sampson (Bering Straits 

Native Corporation, Nome); E. Larson (Nome); Clyde Jackson (Native Village of Shaktoolik, 

Shaktoolik); Adrian Gall, Jackson Mokiyuk, and Brandon Waghiyi (Native Village of Savoonga, 

St. Lawrence Island); Agatha Napoleon and Albert Simon (Paimiut Tribal Council, Village of 

Paimiut, Hooper Bay); Marvin Kiokun (Native Village of Mekoryuk, Mekoryuk); Andy 

Malavansky and Anthony Merculieff (St. George Traditional Council, St. George Island); 

William Boyd and Carol Erwin (St. George Island); Francesca Kamkahpak, Peter Lockuk Sr., 

Peter Lockuk, Jr., and Joseph Andrew (Togiak Traditional Council Environmental Program, 

Togiak); Nick Tanape (Native Village of Nanwalek, Nanwalek); Michael Opheim (Seldovia 

Village Tribe, Seldovia); Paul McCollum (Homer); Gary Kompkoff and Norman Vlasoff 

(Tatitlek Village IRA Council, Tatitlek); Jack Lorrigan (Sitka Tribe of Alaska, Sitka); and the 

residents of the Native Village of Diomede, Little Diomede Island. This study was funded in part 

by the North Pacific Research Board grant number 0534 and is publication number # 210. 

Disclaimer

Any mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply recommendation 

or endorsement by NIST. 
viii

Abbreviations 

AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme 

ANOVA Analysis of Variance 

BDE Brominated diphenyl ether 

BIA-ARSB Bureau of Indian Affairs - Alaska Regional Subsistence Branch 

BLKI Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla

BuSn Butyltin 

CH2Cl2; DCM Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) 

CM Control material 

COMU Common murre, Uria aalge

DBT Dibutyltin 

DDD Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane 

DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene 

DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 

EI Electron impact 

GC Gas chromatography 

GLGU Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus

GWGU Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens

HBCDD Hexabromocyclododecane 

HCB Hexachlorobenzene 

HCH Hexachlorocyclohexane 

HCl Hydrochloric acid 

HDBP Halogenated dimethyl bypyrrole 

Hg Mercury 

ID-CV-ICPMS Isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 

iHG Inorganic mercury 

LOD Limit of detection 

LOQ Limit of quantitation 

MANOVA Multivariate analysis of variance 

MBT Monobutyltin 

MeHg Monomethylymercury 

MS Mass spectrometry 

NCI Negative chemical ionization 

NPRB North Pacific Research Board 

PBDE Polybrominated diphenyl ether 

PCA Principal components analysis 

PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl 

PFE Pressurized fluid extraction 

POP Persistent Organic Pollutants 

RSD Relative standard deviation 

SEC Size exclusion chromatography 

SID-GC/ICP-MS Speciated isotope dilution and gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 

SIM Selected ion monitoring 

Sn Tin 

SnCl2 Tin chloride 

SPE Solid phase extraction 

SRM Standard reference material 

STAMP Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project 

TASSC The Alaska Sea Otter and Steller Sea Lion Commission 

TBMU Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia

TBT Tributyltin 

THg Total mercury 

UNMU Unidentified murre, Uria spp. 

USFWS-AMNWR United States Fish and Wildlife Service - Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 

USGS-BRD United States Geological Survey - Biological Resources Division 
ix

Abstract

The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) has continued to collect and bank 

murre and gull eggs to obtain new information on chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated 

biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants, mercury, and organotin (butyltin) compounds in 

Alaska’s marine environments. Between 2002 and 2005 781 murre and gull egg clutches were 

banked at the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Marine Environmental Specimen 

Bank using established protocols. Analyses of 139 clutches confirmed the presence of 

geographic contaminant patterns in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. They also verified that 

persistent organic pollutant (POP) and mercury levels in Gulf of Alaska murre eggs differed 

from Bering and Chukchi sea levels, and suggested that POP patterns were similar in gull eggs 

(regional differences in mercury were not present in the gull eggs). Polybrominated diphenyl 

ethers (PBDEs) and organotins were documented in Alaskan seabird eggs for the first time. 

Evidence was found that some POPs (e.g., DDT) declined in murre eggs over the last 30 years 

and that others may also be declining (PCBs and HCB at St. Lazaria Island). Mercury levels in 

murre eggs were similar to values reported from other parts of the world. Geographic patterns in 

organotins in murre eggs differed from POPs and mercury patterns found in the same eggs. 

Levels were higher in the Gulf of Alaska and Chukchi Sea than in the Bering Sea. Organotin 

values in murre eggs were also about 2.5 times higher and less variable than the levels in gull 

eggs, a difference that probably reflects differences in foraging habitats and strategies. 
1

Introduction 

More than 95% of the seabirds breeding in the continental United States nest at colonies in the 

Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska (see USFWS 1992). In 1999, the U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS-AMNWR), the U.S. 

Geological Survey Biological Resources Division (USGS-BRD), and the National Institute of 

Standards and Technology (NIST) implemented the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring 

Project (STAMP) to monitor contaminants in Alaska’s marine environments. The project was 

designed as an ongoing 100-year-long effort to track trends in environmental quality by 

collecting Alaskan seabird eggs using standardized protocols, processing and banking the 

contents under conditions that ensure chemical stability during long-term (decadal) storage, and 

analyzing subsamples of the stored material to determine current baseline levels of persistent 

bioaccumulative contaminants (e.g., chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], 

brominated flame retardants [polybrominated diphenyl ethers—PBDEs], butyltin compounds, 

and mercury). 

Seabirds are an important group of upper trophic level marine organisms with potential for 

accumulating lipophilic contaminants. Analyses of seabird tissues, particularly eggs, have played 

important roles in temporal and spatial environmental monitoring of persistent organic pollutants 

(POPs—e.g., PCBs and chlorinated pesticides) and mercury in Canada and Europe.The Canadian 

Wildlife Service successfully documented temporal changes in PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, and 

PBDEs in the Great Lakes by analyzing herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs that were collected 

and banked as part of its Wildlife Toxicology Program (see Wakeford and Kasserra 1997, 

Norstrom et al. 2002, Norstrom and Hebert 2006). Temporal changes in PCB, chlorinated 

pesticide, and mercury levels were documented in the eastern Canadian arctic by analyzing 

northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), and thick-billed 

murre (Uria lomvia) eggs (see Braune et al. 2001), and in the Barents and Baltic seas by 

analyzing murre (Uria spp.) eggs (see Barrett et al. 1996 and Bignert et al. 1995, respectively). 

Also, a study designed to find ‘new’ environmental contaminants successfully used Vancouver 

Island Leach’s storm petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) eggs to identify a new family of 

biomagnifying halogenated organic compounds (halogenated dimethyl bypyrroles—HDBPs) that 

are produced naturally in marine systems (see Tittlemier and Norstrom 2004). 

The international Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) identified eggs from 

the seabird family Alcidae (murres, murrelets, auklets, guillemots, puffins, dovekies, and 

razorbills—all diving species) as key tissues for circumpolar monitoring of POPs by all arctic 

nations (AMAP Scientific Experts Workshop, Girdwood, Alaska, April 1998). The AMAP 

report on the state of the arctic environment summarized information on POPs and mercury 

levels in seabirds inhabiting the northern regions of Canada and Scandinavia. Data in this report 

show that POP levels in seabird eggs were higher in the Scandinavian arctic than in the Canadian 

arctic, and, within Canada, levels were higher in the high eastern arctic regions than in the lower 

western arctic regions. Also, PCB levels approaching those known to affect hatching success 

were found in thick-billed murre, common murre (U. aalge), puffin (Fratercula spp.), black 

guillemot (Cepphus grylle), and black-legged kittiwake eggs from colonies in northern Canada 

and Norway (AMAP 1998).
2

Before STAMP was implemented, little was known about contaminants in Alaskan seabirds. 

POPs and mercury values cannot be extrapolated from the Canadian arctic database to Alaska, 

because sources and transport routes are different. Atmospheric and oceanic transport of 

contaminants from Southeast Asia eastward and northward into the Gulf of Alaska and southern 

Bering Sea, and oceanic transport eastward and southward along the northern and eastern coasts 

of Siberia into the western Chukchi and Bering seas probably influence overall contaminant 

patterns and levels in Alaskan seabirds. Local sources, including former and existing military 

installations, are also likely to play roles in Alaskan pollution patterns. 

Prior to STAMP, information on contaminants in Alaskan seabirds consisted of data on a small 

number of organochlorine analytes in seabird eggs collected in the 1970s (see Ohlendorf et al. 

1982) and chlordane levels in thick-billed murre tissues obtained in the North Pacific and Gulf of 

Alaska in 1980 and 1982 (see Kawano et al. 1988). More recently in 2000, the Alaska Sea Otter 

and Steller Sea Lion Commission (TASSC) analyzed gull eggs from five Alaskan communities 

(Kotzebue, Mekoryuk, Togiak, Unalaska, and Sitka) for POPs and heavy metals (see Jack and 

Martinez 2003), and a study of native subsistence foods obtained some information on POPs in 

unidentified murre eggs from St. Lawrence Island (see Pagano et al. 2003). 

Numbers of seabird colonies and species targeted by STAMP have evolved since 1999. Criteria 

for selecting study sites and species now include the overall geographic distribution and regional 

importance of the nesting colonies; their location relative to onshore, nearshore, and offshore 

environments; the feasibility of collecting eggs at the colonies; the trophic position and foraging 

strategies of the birds; the foraging habitats used by the birds; and the use of the birds’ eggs in 

rural subsistence diets. In 1999, STAMP began collecting common and thick-billed murre eggs, 

and in 2001, the program was expanded to include black-legged kittiwake eggs. In 2004, 

glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) and glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens) eggs were added 

to the project through partial funding from the Bureau of Indian Affairs Alaska Region 

Subsistence Branch (BIA-ARSB). Gulls were included because they not only feed on a wide 

variety of fish and invertebrates, they also scavenge on marine mammal carcasses and refuse in 

community dumps and land-fills, where they have opportunities to be exposed to relatively high 

levels of anthropogenic contaminants. These contaminants, if ingested, may be reflected in their 

eggs, which play important roles in many rural Alaskan subsistence diets. Note: STAMP 

temporarily stopped collecting kittiwake eggs in 2005 to concentrate efforts on completing the 

murre and gull work.

 

Since its inception, STAMP has considered murres to be the primary species of interest. 

Although both murre and gull eggs are harvested in many rural Alaskan coastal communities 

where they play important roles in local diets (e.g., see Iknokinok and Georgette 1997), murre 

eggs are particularly valuable for monitoring long-term trends in environmental quality. Both 

common and thick-billed murres feed at upper trophic levels and have the potential to 

accumulate and store contaminants in relatively large amounts, similar to many marine mammals 

(e.g., see Springer et al. 1984, 1986, 1987; Roseneau et al. 2000). However, some resource 

partitioning occurs between the two species that is probably reflected in contaminant loads. Both 

species take Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and small 

cod (e.g., walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma; Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus; saffron 

cod, Eleginus gracilis; Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida). However, thick-billed murres tend to 
3

forage farther from shore and at greater depths than common murres and they also feed on a 

variety of benthic species, including invertebrates, that they catch on or near the bottom (e.g., 

sculpins, Cottidae; pricklebacks, Stichaeidae; flatfish, Pleuronectidae; shrimp, including 

pandalids, hipploytids, and crangonids; and other invertebrates, including polychaetes; Nereis

spp.). In contrast, common murres usually forage closer to shore at shallower depths on small 

mid-water fishes (e.g., see Swartz 1966, 1967, Springer et al. 1984, 1986, 1987; Roseneau et al.

2000). 

Murres have several other attributes that make them desirable for tracking changes in 

contaminant levels in northern environments. In contrast to many species of birds, murres stay in 

northern latitudes year-round, and in Alaska, they winter in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska 

(e.g., see Cramp 1985, Kaufman 1996, Hatch et al. 2000). As a consequence, murres accumulate 

POPs from relatively discrete regions and they only lay one egg per nesting season, which limits 

the effect of laying order on variability in contaminant loads (see Pastor et al. 1995). POP levels 

in the eggs represent the adult females at the time of laying (see Braune et al. 2001) and because 

murres arrive on their breeding grounds several weeks before they lay eggs (e.g., see Ehrlich et 

al. 1988, Gaston and Hipfner 2000), there is little doubt that the contaminants in their eggs 

represent these areas. Also, because murres are abundant and about 80% of the pairs that lose 

eggs early in the breeding season relay eggs within 15 days (e.g., see Tuck 1960, Cramp 1985), 

collecting small numbers of eggs does not detrimentally affect nesting populations. All of these 

factors were considered by the International Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme 

when they chose murre eggs as key tissues for long-term monitoring efforts in northern 

environments (see AMAP 1998). 

In 2003, STAMP began focusing efforts on expanding the murre component of the project and 

creating a new gull module because of the importance of their eggs in many rural Alaskan 

subsistence diets. The gull component was initiated in May 2004, after the BIA-ARSB began 

funding egg collecting in some rural communities because several organizations and subsistence 

groups indicated that they wanted more information on contaminants in the eggs of these birds 

(e.g., Point Hope IRA Council Parks and Wildlife, Point Hope; Maniilaq Association 

Subsistence Division, Kotzebue; Natural Resources Division, Kawerak Inc., Nome; Native 

Village of Mekoryuk; St. George Traditional Council Island Sentinel Program; Togiak 

Traditional Council Environmental Program; Seldovia Village Tribe Environmental Program; 

Tatitlek IRA Council; and Sitka Tribe of Alaska). 

Data from murre eggs obtained at colonies associated with deep oceanic habitats in the Bering 

and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska have suggested that there are north-south and east-west 

geographical gradients in contaminant levels (see Christopher et al. 2002, Vander Pol et al. 2003, 

Vander Pol et al. 2004, Day et al. 2006). To help verify the presence of these trends, STAMP 

added more sampling sites to the project, including colonies in coastal mainland habitats (e.g., 

Cape Pierce, Cape Denbigh). Verifying geographic patterns is an important first step in 

identifying contaminant sources, transport routes, and pathways through marine food webs. 

The original hypothesis was that there are geographic gradients in levels of POPs and mercury in 

Alaskan common murre eggs that are consistent through time. 
4

Prediction 1: In common murre eggs, levels of POPs that have the lowest environmental 

mobility (e.g., PCBs, DDE) and mercury will be higher at colonies in the southeastern region 

of the state than at colonies in the western and northern regions of the state. This pattern will 

be similar at colonies influenced by deep oceanic habitats and colonies located in coastal 

mainland environments. 

Prediction 2: In common murre eggs, levels of POPs that have the highest environmental 

mobility (e.g., hexachlorobenzene [HCB], and hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH]) will be higher 

at colonies in the northern and western regions of the state than at colonies in the 

southeastern regions of the state. This pattern will be similar at colonies influenced by deep 

oceanic habitats and colonies located in coastal mainland environments. 

The project also compared data from thick-billed murre eggs obtained at one colony in the 

Chukchi Sea, two colonies in the Bering Sea, and one colony in Gulf of Alaska in 2002 with 

results from the common murre analyses to test a second hypothesis: that geographic differences 

in POPs and mercury are similar in the eggs of both species. 

Because gull eggs are popular components of many subsistence diets, glaucous and glaucouswinged gull eggs obtained from two colonies in the Gulf of Alaska, four colonies in Bering Sea, 

and one colony in the Chukchi Sea were also analyzed for contaminants. Results from these 

analyses were compared with information from the murre eggs to test a third hypothesis: that 

geographic differences in POPs and mercury levels are similar in gull and murre eggs. 

Information on organotin compounds in murre and gull eggs, specifically tributyltin (TBT) and 

two of its metabolites (dibutyl- and monobutyltin) is also reported here. The presence of TBT in 

marine ecosystems is largely the result of its use as a biocidal agent in antifouling paints used to 

keep vessel hulls free of algae and other organisms. TBT has been baaned in the US for boats 

smaller than 25 m since 1988, but is still allowed for large fishing and commercial vessels (FWS, 

1992). The organotin data are the first to be reported from Alaskan seabirds, were used to test a 

fourth hypothesis: that geographic differences in organotin levels are similar to POPs and 

mercury in murre and gull eggs. 
5

Methods 

Study Area and Sampling Sites

Currently, the STAMP study area consists of 33 sampling sites in the Bering and Chukchi seas, 

Gulf of Alaska, and northeastern Pacific Ocean (see Fig. 1 and Table 1). Since 1999, 1189 egg 

clutches have been cryogenically banked at the Marine Enviornmental Specimen Bank (Marine 

ESB) located in the Hollings Marine Laboratory in Charleston, South Carolina (Table 2). 

Analytical results from 139 egg clutches collected from 21 of the locations in 2002-2005 are 

presented in this report (see Fig. 2 and Table 2). As time and funding did not allow all banked 

eggs to be analyzed, samples were chosen to help answer geographical, species, and temporal 

hypothesis. A sample size of 10 was originally used, but a power analysis revealed that an n of 5 

was sufficient for murre eggs. The gull eggs were included to screen for contaminants, so only an 

n of 3 was used. Individual egg information for all samples collected is included in Appendix 1. 

The presence of east-west gradients in contaminants in Gulf of Alaska common murre eggs was 

investigated by analyzing 30 eggs collected at St. Lazaria, Middleton, and East Amatuli islands 

in 2003, and 16 eggs obtained from St. Lazaria and Middleton islands in 2004, and comparing 

these data with information obtained from the St. Lazaria and East Amatuli island colonies in 

1999-2001 (see Vander Pol et al. 2004 and Day et al. 2006). The combined data from St. Lazaria 

Island also provided temporal trend information for this colony over a five-year interval (1999-

2004). 

To help determine if the east-west gradients involved both offshore deep-water and coastal 

mainland colonies, 12 common murre eggs collected at Duck and Gull islands in 2004 were 

analyzed and compared with information obtained from St. Lazaria and Middleton islands in 

2004 (see above). Because murre nesting chronology was unusually late and asynchronous in 

Kachemak Bay and Cook Inlet in 2004, only four eggs were obtained from Duck Island. 

However, in spite of the unusual circumstances, it was possible to obtain eight eggs at Gull 

Island in Kachemak Bay that could be used for this analysis. 

To compare offshore and mainland nesting colonies 25 common murre eggs collected at Sledge 

Island (nearshore Norton Sound), Bluff (mainland Norton Sound), Cape Denbigh (mainland 

Norton Sound), Cape Pierce (mainland eastern Bering Sea), and Bogoslof Island (Aleutian 

Islands) were used for this analysis. Using these colonies was advantageous because it allowed 

another mainland colony to be included in the comparison, and it also allowed mainland murre 

colonies to be compared with mainland gull colonies in the same year (2005; see below). 

Twenty-five (25) thick-billed murre eggs collected at Cape Lisburne and St. Lawrence, St. 

George, and St. Lazaria islands in 2002 were also analyzed to expand the database on 

contaminants in thick-billed murres and help determine if geographic patterns in egg 

contaminant levels were similar in both murre species. Also, over 130 glaucous (GLGU) and 

glaucous-winged (GWGU) gull eggs were collected at 11 nesting locations in 2005. Three 

clutches of eggs from seven of these sampling sites were selected for preliminary analysis to see 

if the geographic trends found in the murre eggs could also be detected in the gull eggs. Colonies 

included the Noatak River delta (GLGU, Kotzebue Sound), Penny River delta (GLGU, Norton 
6

Sound), Hooper Bay (GLGU, northeastern Bering Sea), Shaiak Island (GWGU, nearshore 

western Bristol Bay), Ualik Lake (GWGU, coastal Bristol Bay), Middleton Island (GWGU, 

offshore Gulf of Alaska), and Viesokoi Rock (GWGU, nearshore southeastern Gulf of Alaska) 

(see Fig. 2). 

Sledge I. CANADA

SIBERIA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

Cape Lisburne

Cape Thompson

Noatak R. Delta

Cape Denbigh

Little Diomede I.

St. 

Lawrence I. Sledge I.

King I.

Triangle I.

Cape Pierce

Hooper Bay

St. George I.

Bogoslof I. Buldir I.

St. Lazaria I.

Viesokoi Rock

E. Amatuli I.

Kodiak I.

Middleton I.

Gull I. 

Kikertalik Lk.

Duck I. 

Ualik Lk.

Shaiak I.

Shoup Bay

Bluff

Penny R. 

Delta

Safety Sound

Cape Deceit

Kukpuk R. Delta

ALASKA

CANADA

SIBERIA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

Cape Lisburne

Cape Thompson

Noatak R. Delta

Cape Denbigh

Little Diomede I.

St. 

Lawrence I.

King I.

Triangle I.

Cape Pierce

Hooper Bay

St. George I.

Bogoslof I. Buldir I.

St. Lazaria I.

Viesokoi Rock

E. Amatuli I.

Kodiak I.

Middleton I.

Gull I. 

Kikertalik Lk.

Duck I. 

Ualik Lk.

Shaiak I.

Shoup Bay

Bluff

Penny R. 

Delta

Safety Sound

Cape Deceit

Kukpuk R. Delta

ALASKA

Sledge I. CANADA

SIBERIA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

Cape Lisburne

Cape Thompson

Noatak R. Delta

Cape Denbigh

Little Diomede I.

St. 

Lawrence I. Sledge I.

King I.

Triangle I.

Cape Pierce

Hooper Bay

St. George I.

Bogoslof I. Buldir I.

St. Lazaria I.

Viesokoi Rock

E. Amatuli I.

Kodiak I.

Middleton I.

Gull I. 

Kikertalik Lk.

Duck I. 

Ualik Lk.

Shaiak I.

Shoup Bay

Bluff

Penny R. 

Delta

Safety Sound

Cape Deceit

Kukpuk R. Delta

ALASKA

CANADA

SIBERIA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

Cape Lisburne

Cape Thompson

Noatak R. Delta

Cape Denbigh

Little Diomede I.

St. 

Lawrence I.

King I.

Triangle I.

Cape Pierce

Hooper Bay

St. George I.

Bogoslof I. Buldir I.

St. Lazaria I.

Viesokoi Rock

E. Amatuli I.

Kodiak I.

Middleton I.

Gull I. 

Kikertalik Lk.

Duck I. 

Ualik Lk.

Shaiak I.

Shoup Bay

Bluff

Penny R. 

Delta

Safety Sound

Cape Deceit

Kukpuk R. Delta

ALASKA

Figure 1. The 1999-2005 Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) seabird egg 

collection sites (see Table 1).
7

Table 1. The 1999-2005 Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) seabird egg 

collection sites (see Fig. 1). 

Colony Species Sampled 

 

Cape Lisburne Thick-billed Murre, Unidentified Murre 

Kukpuk River delta Glaucous Gull 

Cape Thompson Unidentified Murre 

Noatak River delta Glaucous Gull 

Cape Deceit Common Murre 

Little Diomede Island Unidentified Murre 

King Island Thick-billed Murre 

Penny River delta Glaucous Gull 

Sledge Island Common Murre 

Safety Sound Glaucous Gull 

Bluff Common Murre, Black-legged Kittiwake 

Cape Denbigh Common Murre 

St. Lawrence Island Common Murre, Thick-billed Murre 

Hooper Bay Glaucous Gull 

Triangle Island Glaucous Gull 

Cape Peirce Common Murre 

Shaiak Island Glaucous-winged Gull 

Ualik Lake Glaucous-winged Gull 

Kikertalik Lake Glaucous-winged Gull 

St. George Island Common Murre, Thick-billed Murre, Black-legged Kittiwake 

Bogoslof Island Common Murre, Thick-billed Murre 

Buldir Island Thick-billed Murre, Black-legged Kittiwake 

Kodiak Island Black-legged Kittiwake 

Duck Island Common Murre 

Gull Island Common Murre, Glaucous-winged Gull 

East Amatuli Island Common Murre 

Shoup Bay Black-legged Kittiwake 

Middleton Island Common Murre, Glaucous-winged Gull, Black-legged 

Kittiwake 

St. Lazaria Island Common Murre, Thick-billed Murre, Glaucous-winged Gull 

Viesokoi Rock Glaucous-winged Gull 

Total Sampling Sites: 30 Total Species Sampled: 5 

 
8

Table 2. Egg clutches banked by the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) 

in the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank in Charleston, SC. Note: highlighted numbers 

indicate those analyzed for contaminants. 

Colony 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Water Body

Viesokoi Rock (Sitka) - GWGU 15 3 of 8 23

St. Lazaria I. - COMU 10 10 10 8 7 45

St. Lazaria I. - TBMU 10 8 5 6 29

St. Lazaria I. - GWGU 6 8 14

Middleton I. - BLKI 11 12 12 12 47

Middleton I. - COMU 10 of 15 8 of 11 16 42 Gulf of Alaska

Middleton I. - GWGU 3 3 of 7 10 356

Shoup Bay - BLKI 9 12 21

Gull I. - COMU 8 of 15 10 25

Gull I. - GWGU 17 11 28

Duck I. - COMU 4 15 19

East Amatuli I. - COMU 11 7 10 of 15 33

Chiniak Bay (Kodiak) - BLKI 8 12 20

Buldir I. - BLKI 5 5

Buldir I. - TBMU 1 11 12 24

Bogoslof I. -COMU 9 10 5 of 11 30

Bogoslof I. -TBMU 10 7 11 28

St. George I. - BLKI 12 12 24

St. George I. - COMU 11 1 15 27

St. George I. - TBMU 7 12 10 9 38

Kikertalik Lake (Bristol Bay) - GWGU 12 12

Ualik Lake (Bristol Bay) - GWGU 3 of 8 8

Shaiak I. - GWGU 13 3 of 36 49

Cape Pierce - COMU 5 of 14 14 Bering Sea

Triangle I. (Nunivak) - GLGU 17 17 460

Hooper Bay - GLGU 3 of 19 19

St. Lawrence I. - COMU 3 3

St. Lawrence I. - TBMU 8 14 22

Cape Denbigh - COMU 15 5 of 15 30

Bluff - BLKI 6 6

Bluff -COMU 11 12 5 of 14 37

Safety Sound - GLGU 12 11 23

Penny River delta - GLGU 3 of 6 6

Sledge I. - COMU 5 of 14 14

King I. - TBMU 15 15

Little Diomede - UNMU 9 9

Cape Deciet (Deering) - COMU 12 12

Noatak River delta - GLGU 3 of 11 11 Chukchi Sea

Cape Thompson - UNMU 8 12 20 76

Cape Lisburne - TBMU 9 9

Cape Lisburne - UNMU 24 24

Total 41 26 44 111 120 232 318 892

Species Total

Black-legged Kittiwake (BLKI) 123

Common Murre (COMU) 331

Glaucous Gull (GLGU) 76

Glaucous-winged Gull (GWGU) 144

Murre Spp. (UNMU) 53

Thick-billed Murre (TBMU) 165
9

Figure 2. Murre and gull sampling sites compared in this study. 

Collection Protocols and Egg Collecting Kits 

STAMP developed protocols for collecting seabird eggs in 1999 (see York et al. 2001). In 2004, 

these protocols were revised to reflect new techniques for collecting, packaging, and transporting 

samples (see Appendices 2 and 3). Protocols will be revised again in 2008 to make them more 

user-friendly—about half of the written text will be replaced with laminated color photographs 

showing how to collect, bag, and package eggs. 

Egg collection kits are shipped to participating partners’ free-of-charge. Kits consist of Coleman 

50-quart coolers or Rubbermaid Action Packers containing the collection protocols, all necessary 

state and federal permits, pre-printed shipping labels, several “keep upright – handle with care” 

and “keep cool – do not freeze” stickers, Ziploc bags, egg labels, disposable talc-free gloves, 

permanent markers and pencils, duct tape, and foam padding to protect the eggs (see Appendix 

4). Murre kits also contain laminated photographs of common and thick-billed murres to help 

collectors identify these closely related species. STAMP pays return shipping costs. 
10

Sample Processing and Banking 

Eggs were processed at the Alaska Science Center in Anchorage, Alaska using previously 

devised protocols (see York et al. 2001). The eggs were cleaned with Type 1 water and measured 

(length, width, whole egg mass) before they were cut in half under a positive pressure laminar 

flow hood with a custom-made titanium knife. Murre eggs were processed individually and gull 

eggs from the same clutches were pooled. Egg shells were rinsed with Type 1 water, dried, 

weighed, placed in labeled Ziploc bags, and shipped to the University of Alaska Museum of the 

North in Fairbanks, Alaska for long-term storage. 

Murre egg contents were poured into Teflon bags that were heat-sealed, weighed, put in labeled 

cardboard tubes, frozen, and shipped to the NIST Marine ESB in liquid nitrogen vapor dry 

shippers. At NIST they were removed from the tubes, broken into smaller pieces with Teflonwrapped mallets, cryogenically homogenized (see Zeisler et al. 1983), and divided into 5 g 

aliquots. The samples were stored in labeled Teflon jars at -150°C in liquid nitrogen vapor 

freezers in the Marine ESB for later analysis. 

The contents from each clutch of gull eggs were combined in a clean glass beaker and 

homogenized with a stainless steel kitchen hand blender (Oster 2614, Rye, New York). The 

blender blades and beaker were washed with soap and rinsed with Type 1 water, methanol, 

acetone, and hexane before they were used to process another clutch. Aliquots of the 

homogenized contents were put into Teflon jars and cryogenic polypropylene vials (Nunc 

International, Rochester, New York) and frozen before they were shipped to the NIST Marine 

ESB in liquid nitrogen vapor dry shippers. The samples were stored at -150o

C in liquid nitrogen 

vapor freezers at the Marine ESB for future analyses. 

Analysis for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Note: Methods for analyzing murre and gull eggs were almost identical (only the calibration and 

internal standard solutions used and gas chromatograph methods were different), so only the 

procedures used for murres are described below. Specific information on gull methods can be 

found in Vander Pol et al. (2009). 

About 3 g of cryohomogenized egg contents were mixed with about 8 g of diatomaceous earth 

(this material was heated to 650 o

C for 12 hours and then cooled in a desiccator before it was 

used). The mixture was transferred to a 33 mL pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) cell (ASE 

Dionex, Salt Lake City, Utah, NIST property tag number 582895). One half (0.5) mL of a mixed 

internal standard solution was added to the PFE cell using a gas-tight syringe that was weighed 

on a five-place analytical balance before and after dispensing the liquid into the cell. The internal 

standard solution contained 13C labeled PCB congeners 28, 52, 118, 153, 180, 194, and 206; 13C 

labeled 4,4-DDE, 4,4’-DDT, HCB, dieldrin, oxychlordane, trans-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, 

deuterated 4,4’-DDD (d8); F labeled BDE congeners 47 and 160; and BDE 104. From 80 ng to 

250 ng of each compound was added to the samples. Aliquots of standard reference material 

(SRM) 1946 (Lake Superior Fish Tissue) and murre egg homogenate control material (CM; see 

Vander Pol et al. 2007) were prepared using the same techniques. 
11

One mL aliquots of six calibration solutions (A-F) were weighed in a gas-tight syringe and added 

to 11 mL PFE cells packed with clean diatomaceous earth. A small amount of diatomaceous 

earth was used to cover the calibration solution before adding 0.25 mL aliquots of 24 toxaphene 

congener calibration solutions (A-F) to the respective PFE cells. Another small amount of 

diatomaceous earth was added to cover the solution before adding the internal standard, and 

diatomaceous earth was also used to fill the remainder of the cells. The calibration solution 

contained SRMs 2257 (Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Isooctane), 2258 (BDE 209 in Isooctane), 

and 2259 (Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Isooctane), 2261 (Chlorinated Pesticides in 

Hexane), and 2275 (Chlorinated Pesticide Solution-II in Isooctane), and solutions of HBCDDs, 

octachlorostyrene, and pentachlorobenzene. Because the new SRMs 2257 and 2259 contain 

varying mass fractions that are generally higher than previously used SRMs, three stock 

solutions were created for (1) pentachlorobenzene, (2) SRM 2258, (3) SRM 2259, and (4) SRMs 

2261, 2275, 2257, HBCDD, and octachlorostyrene to bracket the sample levels. The highest 

mass fraction stocks (labeled 1) for these four substances were gravimetrically combined to 

create Cal A, the middle mass fraction stocks (labeled 2) were combined for Cal B, and the 

lowest mass fraction stocks (labeled 3) were combined for Cal C. A portion of Cal A was diluted 

to make Cal D, Cal B was diluted to make Cal E, and Cal C was diluted to make Cal F. The final 

calibration curves ranged from 0.01 ng to 250 ng. 

The samples, calibration solutions, and reference materials were extracted with CH2Cl2 using 

PFE. Conditions were as follows: cell temperatures 100 o

C, equilibrations 5 minutes, static times 

5 minutes, cell pressures 138 kPa, and three cycles using one-third of the solvent each time. The 

PFE tubing was rinsed with 8 mL of CH2Cl2 between every sample by selecting the “rinse” 

option and instructing the instrument to alternate between the solvent A and B channels (both 

vessels contained CH2Cl2). 

Sample extracts were reduced to approximately 10 mL by evaporating them in a stream of 

purified N2 using a Turbovap II (Zymark, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, NIST property tag numbers 

582897 and 588387). Nonvolatile solvent extractable material (“lipid”) analyses were run on the 

extracts and reference materials by gravimetrically weighing 2 mL of the extract into preweighed aluminum weighing dishes and allowing the solvent to evaporate before re-weighing. 

After the sample extracts were analyzed for lipids, they were reduced to 1 mL in the Turbovap. 

High molecular mass compounds were removed from the extracts by size exclusion 

chromatography (SEC) consisting of Phenogel 50 mm x 7.80 mm i.d; 10 μm particle size guard 

column (Phenomenex, Torrance, California, serial number 03B-2090-K0) coupled to a 600 mm x 

21.2 mm (10 μm particle size with 100 Å diameter pores) Phenogel column (Phenomenex, 

Torrance, California, serial number 328-445-1) in series with a Phenogel 300 mm x 21.2 mm 

column (10 μm particle size with 100 Å diameter pores; Phenomenex, Torrance, California, 

serial number 328-080-1). A solvent of CH2Cl2 was delivered at 10 mL/minute. Absorbance was 

monitored at 254 nm using a UV/VIS detector (Linear, model 200, San Jose, California, NIST 

property tag number 587018). When the samples were injected, the first 162 mL of CH2Cl2 

containing high molecular mass material was discarded. The next 83 mL, containing the analytes 

of interest, was collected and retained. The fractions were transferred to Turbovap tubes and 

reduced in volume, the solvents were replaced with iso-octane, and then the extracts were 

reduced again to 0.5 mL and transferred to amber GC autosampler vials. 
12

Sample extracts were cleaned up using an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup step 

(Rapid Trace, Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, NOAA property tag number 

CD0001057862) utilizing 3 mL SPE cartridges. Alumina (50-200 m; Arcōs Organics, Trenton, 

New Jersey) was activated by baking it at 650 °C overnight and then cooling it in a desiccator 

before it was used. The alumina was partially deactivated by adding 5% hexane-rinsed, 

deionized water (mass fraction). The deactivated substrate was packed between two frits at about 

3.9 cm bed height in a 3 mL Bond Elut reservoir (Varian, Palo Alto, California). This produced 

about 1.8 g of alumina. The sample extracts were passed through the alumina columns and eluted 

with 9 mL of 35:65 dichloromethane (DCM):hexane (volume fraction) at 1.0 mL/minute. Before 

the samples were added to the columns, the columns were pre-eluted with 6 mL 50:50 

DCM:hexane and 8 mL of hexane at 1.2 mL/minute. Between samples, the Rapid Trace 

performed a series of clean-up steps using DCM and hexane. The extracts were transferred to 

Turbovap tubes and reduced in volume, the solvents replaces with isooctane, and then the 

fractions were reduced again to 0.5 mL and transferred to amber GC autosampler vials. 

Samples were analyzed using an electron impact (EI) GC/MS (Agilent 6890N/5975B, Palo Alto, 

California, serial number US62744375) operated in the selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) for 

selected chlorinated pesticides and all of the PCB and BDE congeners. The instrument was 

equipped with a 30 m x 0.18 mm x 0.18 m i.d. DB-5MS column (J&W Scientific, serial 

number US6551723H) with a 5 m x 0.25 mm retention gap added to the beginning of the 

column. A PTV injector (Agilent 6850) was used to introduce the sample. The inlet was cooled 

with liquid nitrogen to 10 o

C for 1.5 minutes during the injection of 20 μL (4 x 5 μL) of the 

sample, and the solvent vent flow rate was 65 mL/minute of nitrogen. The inlet was then heated 

at 720 o

C/minute to the final transfer temperature of 250 oC with no hold time, and then ramped 

at 20 o

C/minute to 280 oC and held for 10 minutes to bake off any remaining compounds from 

the liner. The GC oven was held at 80 oC for 1.5 minutes, ramped to 170 oC at 25 oC/minute, 

ramped to 270 o

C at 2 oC/minute, then ramped to 325 oC at 25 oC/minute and held isothermally 

for 10 minutes (total run time 67.3 minutes). Helium was the carrier gas set at a constant flow 

rate of 0.7 mL/minute for the entire run. The quadrupole, source, and transfer line were 

maintained at 150 oC, 250 oC, and 300 oC, respectively. The samples were analyzed in two 

batches based on their collection dates (i.e., samples collected in 2003-2004 and samples 

collected in 2005). 

Selected organochlorine pesticides were analyzed by GC/MS in the negative chemical ion (NCI) 

mode using SIM equipped with a 30 m x 0.18 mm x 0.18 m i.d. DB-XLB column (J&W 

Scientific, serial number US3408013J) with a 5 m x 0.25 mm retention gap added to the 

beginning of the column. Methane was used as the reaction gas. The samples were injected using 

a PTV as detailed above. The GC oven was held at 120 oC for 1.0 minutes, ramped to 230 oC at 

30 oC/minute, ramped to 260 oC at 10 oC/minute, ramped to 284 oC at 4.8 oC, and then ramped to 

300 o

C at 9.6 oC/minute and held isothermally for 1.67 minutes (16 minutes total run time). 

Helium was the carrier gas set at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/minute for 4.5 minutes, then increased to 

50 mL/minute at 0.7 mL/minute for 8.5 minutes and 1.4 mL/minute for 3 minutes. The other 

conditions remained the same as the EI run. Samples were analyzed in 3 batches (separated by 

collection year). 

Data were quantified by using at least 3 calibration points and allowing the intercept to float. 
13

Analysis for Mercury (total, inorganic, and organic mercury)

Isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICPMS) was 

used to determine total mercury (THg) levels in the egg samples. This technique has been 

described in detail elsewhere (see Christopher et al. 2002), and is only summarized here. 

Isotopically enriched 201Hg spike solution (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) was prepared and 

calibrated using NIST SRM 3133 (Mercury Spectrometric Solution). The spike was then added 

quantitatively to a mass of sample (0.2 g to 1.0 g) to yield an isotopic ratio (201Hg/202Hg) that 

minimized random error propagation. Samples were then digested and equilibrated using 

microwave-assisted acid decomposition with high-purity nitric acid (Fisher Scientific, Suwanee, 

Georgia). Eggs collected before 2002 were digested in a Perkin-Elmer (Shelton, Connecticut) 

Multiwave microwave oven at the highest possible temperatures (up to 300 °C) and pressures 

(up to 8 MPa) using quartz microwave decomposition vessels and high-purity nitric acid. Egg 

samples collected in 2002 and in subsequent years were digested in a CEM Discover open-focus 

microwave programmed for a 15 watt ramp for 2 minutes, followed by a 70 watt ramp for 2 

minutes, and a 70 watt hold for 8 minutes, resulting in typical digestion conditions of 100  ̊C and 

15.5 kPa. 

The digestant was mixed with a SnCl2 and HCl reductant solution in a gas-liquid separator, 

allowing cold vapor transfer of the resulting Hg0

 in a stream of argon to the inductively coupled 

plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) injector. A VG Elemental Plasma Quad 3 ICPMS 

(Windsford, Cheshire, United Kingdom) using typical power and gas flow was used in time 

resolved analysis mode for measurement of isotope ratios. 

Inorganic mercury (iHg) and monomethylmercury (MeHg) levels were determined by speciated 

isotope dilution and gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SIDGC/ICP-MS) using a recently developed double-spike reaction transformation model (see Point 

et al. 2007a). This method was optimized to determine iHg and MeHg levels at ultratrace levels 

(pg Sn g-1) in cryogenically archived fresh-frozen biological materials. About 1 g of sample 

material was weighed accurately into a clean 10 mL glass microwave extraction vessel, and 

spiked with 201iHg (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee) and 

Me202Hg (IRMM-670, Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium). 

About 3 mL of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution (25 % mass fraction in water, Alfa 

Aeser, Ward Hill, Massachusetts) was added to each sample. The samples were then digested in 

an Explorer open-focused microwave oven (CEM, Matthews, North Carolina) by applying 30 

watts for 4.5 minutes. After extraction, the pH was adjusted to pH 5 using a sodium 

acetate/acetic acid buffer solution and the samples were derivatized using 1mL of hexane 

(Burdick and Jackson, Muskegon, Mississippi) and 0.1 mL of a 20 % (m/v) tetraethylborate 

solution (Alfa Aeser, Ward Hill, Massachusetts). The organic phase was collected and cleanedup to remove lipids and proteins using Alumina solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The 

organic phase was then analyzed by a Thermo Trace gas chromatograph (Austin, Texas) coupled 

to a Thermo Elemental X7 quadrupole ICP-MS (Winsford, United Kingdom) by a Thermo 

GC/ICP-MS commercial interface. 
14

Detection limits were 9 and 22 pg Hg.g-1 for MeHg and iHg, respectively. Accuracy was tested 

against SRM 1947 and Egg Control Material QC04-ERM1 (see Vander Pol et al. 2007). 

Inorganic and MeHg levels measured in these materials were not significantly different from 

reference and certified mass fractions reported in the certificate of analysis and/or obtained by inhouse precertification exercises. 

Analysis for Organotin Compounds

Mono- (MBT), Di- (DBT) and Tributyltin (TBT) mass fractions were determined by speciated 

isotope dilution and gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SIDGC/ICP-MS). This technique was optimized for the analysis and certification of BuSn 

compounds at ultratrace levels (pg Sn g-1) in cryogenically archived fresh-frozen biological 

materials (see Point et al. 2007b). About 1 g of sample material was weighed accurately into a 

clean 10 mL glass microwave extraction vessel, and spiked with a 119Sn-MBT, 119Sn-DBT, 119SnTBT Mix standard solution (ISC, Gijon, Spain). About 3 mL of a tetramethylammonium 

hydroxide solution (25 % mass fraction in water, Alfa Aeser, Ward Hill, Massachusetts) was 

added to each sample. The samples were then digested in an Explorer open-focused microwave 

oven (CEM, Matthews, North Carolina) by applying 30 watts for 4.5 minutes. After extraction, 

the pH was adjusted to pH 5 using a sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer solution and the samples 

were derivatized using 1mL of hexane (Burdick and Jackson, Muskegon, Mississippi) and 0.1 

mL of a 20 % (m/v) tetraethylborate solution (Alfa Aeser, Ward Hill, tetramethylammonium 

hydroxide solution (25 % mass fraction in water, Alfa Aeser, Ward Hill, Massachusetts). The 

organic phase was collected and cleaned-up to remove lipids and proteins using Alumina solid 

phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The organic phase was then concentrated to 0.1 mL under a 

N2 stream and analyzed by a Thermo Trace gas chromatograph (Austin, Texas) coupled to a 

Thermo Elemental X7 quadrupole ICP-MS (Winsford, United Kingdom) by a Thermo GC/ICPMS commercial interface. 

Detection limits were 1, 4 and 5 pg Sn g-1 for DBT, MBT and TBT, respectively. Accuracy was 

tested against CRM CE477 (IRMM, Geel, Belgium) and a newly issued matrix-match cryogenic 

biological material (SRM 1974b) displaying much lower BuSn reference mass fractions. BuSn 

mass fractions in these materials did not differ statistically from the certified values and their 

expanded uncertainty. Reproducibility was checked by analyzing 4 aliquots of homogenized 

eggs from one individual, yielding relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.3 %, 2.6 % and 

6.9 % for MBT, DBT and TBT, respectively. 

Statistical Methods

Statistical tests were conducted using commercially available software (SAS Institute, JMP 3.26, 

Cary, North Carolina). Individual one-way ANOVAs were run to identify differences among 

mercury and organotin levels, and pair-wise comparisons were made using Tukey-Kramer tests. 

Tests of assumptions for normality and equal variances were met. An overall ANOVA was 

performed including each sampling event (i.e. unique collection for a given species, location, and 

year) to look at variability within and among sampling events and allow inspection of temporal 

trends at colonies with repeat collections (Fig. 14). Subsequent ANOVA’s grouped the collection 

events by species-region (Fig. 15), or by species-colony location within each region (Fig. 16). 
15

For POPs, limits of detection (LODs) were calculated as the lowest observed calibration 

solutions divided by the sample masses, and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were calculated as the 

average blank values plus three times the standard deviations divided by the sample masses. 

Compounds below the maximums of the LOD or LOQ were assigned random numbers between 

zero and the LOD or LOQ values to derive the means, standard deviations, and errors for each 

colony. 

For murres, multivariate analysis of variances (MANOVAs) were run on a lipid-mass basis for 

compounds that did not have values below detection limits (13 PCB congeners; congeners 

28+31, 66, 99, 105, 118, 138, 146, 153+132, 163, 170, 180+193, 183, and 187 were summed 

because the degrees of freedom were constrained) for inshore-offshore differences within the 

Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska regions, and for temporal changes in the St. Lazaria common 

murre eggs, including the previously analyzed 1999 and 2001 samples (this was only done for 

compounds that had reference material values for all years). Temporal MANOVAs were also run 

on the 1999 East Amatuli and 2000 Bogoslof island eggs to allow them to be compared with 

results from this study. If differences were significant (P < 0.05), individual ANOVAs and 

Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests were used to check for differences between colonies. A principal 

components analysis (PCA) was also run on the total percentages of compounds to help visualize 

patterns in the results. 

In the case of gulls, degrees of freedom were also constrained, and MANOVAs were run on a 

lipid mass basis for major compound classifications by region and species. Compounds included 

PCBs, BDEs, DDTs, HCHs, chlordanes, heptachlor epoxide, HCB, dieldrin, and mirex. If 

differences were significant (P < 0.05), individual ANOVAs and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests 

were used to identify the compounds and species that were different. A principal components 

analysis was also run on a lipid mass basis for the percentages of total compounds with no 

samples that fell below detection limits (36 PCB congeners, 14 organochlorine compounds, and 

5 BDE congeners). 

Results 

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 

Reference materials were generally within expected ranges (see Appendices 5-7). Total 

extractable organic (percent lipid) values were about 10%, and this variable was significantly 

higher in the Cape Pierce 2005 murre eggs than in the 2003 Middleton Island murre eggs (see 

Fig. 3 and Appendix 5). Levels of POPs in common murre eggs collected during 2003-2005 

varied from below detection limits to 286 ng g-1 wet mass for 4,4’-DDE in one egg collected at 

St. Lazaria Island in 2003 (see Appendices 8-25). 

Significant geographic differences were found among the common murre eggs collected in the 

Gulf of Alaska in 2003 (Wilks’ λ = 0.0204, F32,24 = 4.50, P = 0.0002; see Fig. 4 and Appendices 

8-10 and 17-19). In general, the East Amatuli Island eggs contained the lowest contaminant 

levels, while the eggs from St. Lazaria Island contained the highest levels of the sum of 13 PCB 
16

congeners, 4,4’-DDE, BDE congener 47, DETOX-403 [Parlar 62], and DETOX-408 [Parlar 38]. 

The Middleton Island eggs contained the highest levels of -HCH, HCB, and 

pentachlorobenzene. 

Significant geographic differences were also present among the common murre eggs collected at 

the Gulf of Alaska colonies in 2004 (Wilks’ λ = 0.0399, F48,28 = 3.11, P = 0.0011; see Fig. 4 and 

Appendices 11-13 and 20-22). Trends between the St. Lazaria and Middleton island eggs were 

similar to the 2003 findings, with the exception that levels of -HCH, DETOX-453 (Parlar 44), 

heptachlor epoxide, and mirex were higher in the Middleton Island eggs. Levels of 4,4’-DDE, 

mirex, and DE-TOX 408 (Parlar 38) may have been higher at the offshore colonies than at the 

inshore colonies, because there were significant differences among these sampling sites and the 

eggs collected at the Bering Sea colonies in 2005 (see Figs. 4 and 5, and Appendices 8-25). 

Significant geographical differences were also present among the thick-billed murre eggs 

collected in 2002 (Wilks’ λ = 0.00889, F36,30 = 3.32, P = 0.0006; see Fig. 6 and Appendices 26-

33). The St. Lazaria Island eggs contained the highest levels of 4, 4’-DDE, the sum of 13 PCB 

congeners, BDE 47, and the Cape Lisburne eggs contained the highest mirex, chlorobenzene 

(penta- and hexa-[HCB]), and octachlorostyrene values. 

St. Lazaria I. 2003St. Lazaria I. 2004

Middleton I. 2003

Middleton I. 2004

Gull I. 2004

Duck I. 2004

East Amatuli I. 2003

Bogoslof I. 2005

Cape Pierce 2005

Sledge I. 2005

Bluff 2005

Cape Denbigh 2005

percent lipid

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

St. Lazaria I. 2003St. Lazaria I. 2004

Middleton I. 2003

Middleton I. 2004

Gull I. 2004

Duck I. 2004

East Amatuli I. 2003

Bogoslof I. 2005

Cape Pierce 2005

Sledge I. 2005

Bluff 2005

Cape Denbigh 2005

percent lipid

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

St. Lazaria I. 2003St. Lazaria I. 2004

Middleton I. 2003

Middleton I. 2004

Gull I. 2004

Duck I. 2004

East Amatuli I. 2003

Bogoslof I. 2005

Cape Pierce 2005

Sledge I. 2005

Bluff 2005

Cape Denbigh 2005

percent lipid

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Figure 3. Percent lipid (mean ± one standard error) in common murre eggs collected at 10 

Alaskan colonies. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among sites are shown by different letters 

(e.g., Cape Pierce 2005 [A] was different from Middleton Island 2003 [B]).
17

Figure 4. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of POPs in Gulf of Alaska common murre eggs collected in 

Significant differences (P < 0.05) among sites are shown by different letters (e.g., for 4,4’-DDE in 2003, St. Lazadifferent from Middleton and East Amatuli islands [B]). Note: An ANOVA for dieldrin in the 2004 eggs was signdifferences among colonies were not apparent.

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

100015002000

St. Lazaria IslandMiddleton IslandEast Amatuli Island

BDE-47a-HCHdieldrin

heptachlor epoxidemirex octachlorostyrene oxychlordane pentachlorobenzene DETOX-401 DETOX-403 DETOX-408 DETOX-453

4,4'-DDEPCBs-13b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

1000120014001600

St. Lazaria IslandMiddleton IslandGull IslandDuck Island

Wilks’ = 0.0204

F32,24 = 4.50

P = 0.0002

Wilks’ = 0.00399

F48,28 = 3.11

P = 0.0011

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

100015002000

St. Lazaria IslandMiddleton IslandEast Amatuli Island

BDE-47a-HCHdieldrin

heptachlor epoxidemirex octachlorostyrene oxychlordane pentachlorobenzene DETOX-401 DETOX-403 DETOX-408 DETOX-453

4,4'-DDEPCBs-13b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

1000120014001600

St. Lazaria IslandMiddleton IslandGull IslandDuck Island

Wilks’ = 0.0204

F32,24 = 4.50

P = 0.0002

Wilks’ = 0.00399

F48,28 = 3.11

P = 0.0011

2003 2004 
18

Figure 5. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of POPs in Bering Sea common murre eggs collected in 20differences (P < 0.05) among sites are shown by different letters (e.g., for 4,4’-DDE, Bogoslof Island [A] was di

and both of these colonies did not differ from the other three sites [AB]).

BDE-47a-HCHdieldrin

heptachlor epoxidemirex octachlorostyrene oxychlordane pentachlorobenzene DETOX-401 DETOX-403 DETOX

4,4'-DDE PCBs-13b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

10001200

Bogoslof IslandCape PierceSledge IslandBluffCape Denbigh

Wilks’ = 0.000183

F64,22 = 3.22

P = 0.0054

BDE-47a-HCHdieldrin

heptachlor epoxidemirex octachlorostyrene oxychlordane pentachlorobenzene DETOX-401 DETOX-403 DETOX

4,4'-DDE PCBs-13b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

10001200

Bogoslof IslandCape PierceSledge IslandBluffCape Denbigh

Wilks’ = 0.000183

F64,22 = 3.22

P = 0.0054
19

Figure 6. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of POPs in thick-billed murre eggs collected in 2002. Sig(P < 0.05) among sites are shown by different letters (e.g., for 4,4’-DDE, St. Lazaria Island [A] was different 

colonies [B]). Note: An ANOVA for oxychlordane was significant, but colony differences were not apparent.

BDE-47 a-HCHdieldrin

heptachlor epoxide mirex octachlorostyrene oxychlordane pentachlor

St. Lazaria Island St. George Island St. Lawrence Island Cape Lisbure

4,4'-DDE PCBs-13b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

1000150020002500

Wilks’ λ = 0.00889

F36,30 = 3.32

P = 0.0006 

BDE-47 a-HCHdieldrin

heptachlor epoxide mirex octachlorostyrene oxychlordane pentachlor

St. Lazaria Island St. George Island St. Lawrence Island Cape Lisbure

4,4'-DDE PCBs-13b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

1000150020002500

Wilks’ λ = 0.00889

F36,30 = 3.32

P = 0.0006 
20

Some contaminants (4,4’-DDE, the sum of 13 PCB congeners, and HCB) declined over time in 

the St. Lazaria Island 1999-2004 common murre eggs (Wilks’ λ = 0.159, F27,77 = 2.48, P = 

0.0010; ANOVAs for these compounds were significant; see Fig. 7). These decreases and a 

decline in oxychlordane levels were also found in the East Amatuli Island eggs collected in 1999 

and 2003 (Wilks’ λ = 0.0470, F8,12 = 30.3, P < 0.0001). Differences were also found between the 

Bogoslof Island 2000 and 2005 samples (Wilks’ λ = 0.104, F8,5 = 5.37, P = 0.0403); however, 

one compound - mirex - actually increased in these eggs (see Fig. 7). Eggs collected at 

Middleton Island in 2003 and 2004 did not differ from one another (Wilks’ λ = 0.0380, F16,1 = 

1.57, P = 0.564). 

A principal components analysis showed a clear distinction between the Gulf of Alaska and 

Bering Sea common murre colonies, and it also demonstrated that St. Lazaria Island was separate 

from the other Gulf of Alaska nesting locations (see Fig. 8). Although there appeared to be some 

division along PC 1 between the 2003 and 2004 northern Gulf of Alaska eggs, separation was 

not apparent among years at St. Lazaria Island along either axis. In the Bering Sea, the 2005 

Bogoslof Island eggs were clearly distinct, even after removing the outlier (Egg ID 863; see Fig. 

8). Contaminant levels in the outlier egg were about 2-3 times higher than the values found in the 

other eggs from this colony (see Appendices 16 and 25).

Because Bogoslof Island Egg ID 863 was an outlier in the principal components analysis,

Grubbs’ tests were run to see if this egg was also an outlier, which in fact it was for 4,4’-DDE, 

the sum of 13 PCB congeners, BDE 47, and DE-TOX 403 (P < 0.05). As a consequence, the 

geographical and temporal ANOVAs and Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests were re-run without this 

egg and compared with previously reported values (see Fig. 9). Geographically, 4,4’-DDE was 

no longer significant; however, when the egg was excluded from the analysis, Bluff stood out 

from Cape Pierce for BDE 47. In the absence of the outlier, both 4,4’-DDE and the sum of the 13 

PCB congeners were significantly lower in 2005, compared to 2000, a pattern that matched the 

declines identified at St. Lazaria and East Amatuli islands (see Fig. 7). 

Another principal components analysis of thick-billed murre eggs collected in 2002 and common 

murre eggs collected in 1999 and 2000 demonstrated that both species on St. Lazaria Island were 

geographically distinct from their counterparts at the other Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea 

colonies (see Fig. 10). 
21

Figure 7. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of POPs in common murre eggs collected over several yearLazaria, East Amatuli, and Bogoslof islands. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among sites are shown by differeletters (e.g., for 4,4’-DDE, East Amatuli Island 1999 [A] was different from East Amatuli Island 2003 [B]).

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

10001500200025003000

St. Lazaria Island 1999St. Lazaria Island 2001St. Lazaria Island 2003St. Lazaria Island 2004

BDE-47 a-HCH dieldrin

heptachlor epoxide mirex octachlorostyrene oxychlorda

4,4'-DDEPCBs-13 b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

100012001400160018002000

East Amatuli Island 1999East Amatuli Island 2003Bogoslof Island 2000Bogoslof Island 2005

Wilks’ = 0.159

F27,77 = 2.48

P = 0.0010

East Amatuli I.

Wilks’ = 0.0470

F8,12 = 30.3

P = <0.0001

Bogoslof I.

Wilks’ = 0.104

F8,5 = 5.37

P = 0.0403

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

10001500200025003000

St. Lazaria Island 1999St. Lazaria Island 2001St. Lazaria Island 2003St. Lazaria Island 2004

BDE-47 a-HCH dieldrin

heptachlor epoxide mirex octachlorostyrene oxychlorda

4,4'-DDEPCBs-13 b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

100012001400160018002000

East Amatuli Island 1999East Amatuli Island 2003Bogoslof Island 2000Bogoslof Island 2005

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

10001500200025003000

St. Lazaria Island 1999St. Lazaria Island 2001St. Lazaria Island 2003St. Lazaria Island 2004

BDE-47 a-HCH dieldrin

heptachlor epoxide mirex octachlorostyrene oxychlorda

4,4'-DDEPCBs-13 b-HCH HCB

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

200400600800

100012001400160018002000

East Amatuli Island 1999East Amatuli Island 2003Bogoslof Island 2000Bogoslof Island 2005

Wilks’ = 0.159

F27,77 = 2.48

P = 0.0010

East Amatuli I.

Wilks’ = 0.0470

F8,12 = 30.3

P = <0.0001

Bogoslof I.

Wilks’ = 0.104

F8,5 = 5.37

P = 0.0403
22

Figure 8. Principal components analysis (means and standard errors) for common murre eggs. Compounds contrito loadings are shown along the axes. Note: Egg ID 863 was an outlier and was not used in the 2005 Bogoslof Iscalculations.

PC 1 - 37.6% of variation

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 

PC 2 - 22.4% variation

-0.20-0.15-0.10-0.05

0.000.050.10

Sledge I. 2005Bluff 2005Cape Denbigh 2005Cape Pierce 2005Bogoslof I. 2000Bogoslof I. 2005East Amatuli I. 1999East Amatuli I. 2003Duck I. 2004Gull I. 2004Middleton I. 2003Middleton I. 2004St. Lazaria I. 1999St. Lazaria I. 2001St. Lazaria I. 2003St. Lazaria I. 2004

HCB, oxychlordane, 3- & 4-Cl-PCBs 6- & 7-Cl-PC

5- & 6-Cl-PCBs 4,4’-DDE, 

dieldrin 

Bering Sea Egg ID 863

N. Gulf of Alaska

SE. Gulf of Alaska
23

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BDE-47 DETOX-403

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

4,4'-DDE PCBs-13

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Bogoslof Island 2005

Cape Pierce 2005

Sledge Island 2005

Bluff 2005

Cape Denbigh 2005

Bogoslof Island 2000

Bogoslof Island 2005

Egg ID 863 

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BDE-47 DETOX-403

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

4,4'-DDE PCBs-13

ng g-1 lipid mass

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Bogoslof Island 2005

Cape Pierce 2005

Sledge Island 2005

Bluff 2005

Cape Denbigh 2005

Bogoslof Island 2000

Bogoslof Island 2005

Egg ID 863 

Figure 9. Mean mass fractions of POPs in the Bogoslof Island common murre eggs collected in 

2005 with (top) and without (bottom) outlier Egg ID 863. The bars show the mean ± one 

standard error. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among sites are shown by different letters 

(e.g., for 4,4’-DDE, Bogoslof Island 2000 [A] was different from Bogoslof Island 2005 [B]). 

Including Egg 863 

Excluding Egg 863 
24

Figure 10. Principal components analysis (means and standard errors) for thick-billed (TBMU) 

and common murre (COMU) eggs. Compounds contributing to loadings are shown along the 

axes. 

PC 1

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15

PC 2

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

Bogoslof I. COMU 2000

Little Diomede I. UNMU 1999

St. George I. COMU 1999

East Amatuli I. COMU 1999

St. Lazaria I. COMU 1999

Cape Lisburne TBMU 2002

St. George I. TBMU 2002

St. Lazaria I. TBMU 2002

St. Lawrence I. TBMU 2002

HCB, oxychlordane, 3- & 4-Cl PCBs 6- & 7-Cl PCBs

4,4’-DDE 4-6-Cl PCBs

PC 1

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15

PC 2

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

Bogoslof I. COMU 2000

Little Diomede I. UNMU 1999

St. George I. COMU 1999

East Amatuli I. COMU 1999

St. Lazaria I. COMU 1999

Bogoslof I. COMU 2000

Little Diomede I. UNMU 1999

St. George I. COMU 1999

East Amatuli I. COMU 1999

St. Lazaria I. COMU 1999

Cape Lisburne TBMU 2002

St. George I. TBMU 2002

St. Lazaria I. TBMU 2002

St. Lawrence I. TBMU 2002

HCB, oxychlordane, 3- & 4-Cl PCBs 6- & 7-Cl PCBs

4,4’-DDE 4-6-Cl PCBs
25

POP levels in gull eggs varied from below detection limits (0.1 ng g-1 wet mass) to 322 ng g-1

wet mass for 4,4’-DDE in an egg from Viesokoi Rock near Sitka in the Gulf of Alaska (see Fig. 

11 and Appendices 34-41) and were similar to the values found in the murre eggs (see above). 

Gull egg lipids ranged from 5.7% to 10.2% and did not differ among colonies (see Table 3 and 

Appendices 38-41). To meet normality assumptions, all tests were run on a lipid mass basis, and 

all reference materials fell within previously reported ranges (see Appendices 6 and 7). 

The MANOVA comparing region and species differences among POP levels in the gull eggs was 

significant (Wilks’  = 0.0326, approximate F27,26.9 = 2.25, P = 0.0212). Levels of HCHs, HCB, 

and heptachlor epoxide were lower in the Gulf of Alaska than in the Bering and Chukchi seas (P

< 0.05; see Table 3). POPs levels in the Middleton Island gull eggs were highly variable, and 

their PBDE values were higher than at any of the other gull colonies (see Fig 11 and Appendices 

34-41).

Principal components analysis of the gull egg data did not show clear differences among 

contaminant patterns, species, and geographic regions (see Fig. 12). However, as observed in the 

murre eggs (see Figs. 8 and 10), there was a tendency for the Gulf of Alaska gull eggs to group 

to the lower right of the graph because of the high proportion of 4,4’-DDE and higher 

chlorinated PCBs. Also, the Bering and Chukchi sea gull eggs tended to group to the upper left 

of the graph because of the higher proportions of lower chlorinated PCBs and HCB. The northsouth gradient seen in the Bering and Chukchi sea murre eggs (see Fig. 10) was not present in 

the gull eggs. The glaucous gull eggs from the Noatak River delta in Kotzebue Sound in the 

eastern Chukchi Sea grouped in the middle of the cluster, while the glaucous-winged gull eggs 

from Shaiak Island in the southeastern Bering Sea clustered at the farthest top-left of the graph 

(see Fig. 12).
26

Figure 11. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of POPs in glaucous gull (GLGU) and 

glaucous-winged gull (GWGU) eggs collected in 2005. The bars show the mean ± one standard 

error.

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

SIBERIA 

ALASKA 

CANADA 

0 200 400

km

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

180o 160o 140 oo

180o 160o 140 oo

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

o

o

o

o

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

SIBERIA 

ALASKA 

CANADA 

0 200 400

km

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

180o 160o 140 oo

180o 160o 140 oo

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

o

o

o

o

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

SIBERIA 

ALASKA 

CANADA 

0 200 400

km

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

180o 160o 140 oo

180o 160o 140 oo

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

o

o

o

o

Shaiak Island 

GWGU

Hooper Bay 

GLGU

Noatak River 

delta GLGU

Penny 

River delta 

GLGU

Ualik

Lake 

GWGU

Middleton 

Island 

GWGU

Viesokoi Rock 

GWGU

BDEs 

CHLs 

DDTs 

HCHs 

PCBs 

dieldrin 

HCB 

heptachlor epoxide 

mirex 

ng g-1 wet mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100

150

200

250

300

350

U

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

SIBERIA 

ALASKA 

CANADA 

0 200 400

km

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

180o 160o 140 oo

180o 160o 140 oo

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

o

o

o

o

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

SIBERIA 

ALASKA 

CANADA 

0 200 400

km

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

180o 160o 140 oo

180o 160o 140 oo

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

o

o

o

o

BERING SEA

GULF OF ALASKA

CHUKCHI SEA

BEAUFORT SEA

SIBERIA 

ALASKA 

CANADA 

0 200 400

km

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

180o 160o 140 oo

180o 160o 140 oo

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

70o

65o

50o

55o

60o

o

o

o

o

Shaiak Island 

GWGU

Hooper Bay 

GLGU

Noatak River 

delta GLGU

Penny 

River delta 

GLGU

Ualik

Lake 

GWGU

Middleton 

Island 

GWGU

Viesokoi Rock 

GWGU

BDEs 

CHLs 

DDTs 

HCHs 

PCBs 

dieldrin 

HCB 

heptachlor epoxide 

mirex 

ng g-1 wet mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100

150

200

250

300

350

U
27

Table 3. Mass fractions of POPs in glaucous gull (GLGU) and glaucous-winged gull 

(GWGU) eggs. Median values, with ranges shown in parentheses, are expressed as ng g-1

lipid corrected wet mass. ANOVA F ratios and probabilities are shown following significant 

MANOVA test (Wilks’  = 0.0326, approximate F27,26.9 = 2.25, P = 0.0212). Groups with 

different letters were significantly different, based on Tukey-Kramer HSD post-hoc tests. 

Percent lipid values and statistics are shown for reference only. 

Chuckchi Sea Gulf of Alaska F Ratio

Compound GLGU GLGU GWGU GWGU Probability

Percent 7.96 8.02 7.13 7.70 0.640

lipid (7.24 - 8.34) (5.90 - 10.2) (5.70 - 8.23) (7.00 - 8.84) 0.60

76.8 92.8 61.4 348 2.49

(59.5 - 470) (51.1 - 142) (47.2 - 99.2) (243 - 4130) 0.096

330 287 308 180 2.62

(279 - 408) (253 - 452) (225 - 530) (96.2 - 325) 0.084

1470 1590 1060 1960 0.357

(1280 - 1910) (1040 - 2020) (893 - 3780) (594 - 3700) 0.79

278A 215AB 184AB 116B 3.40

(194 - 313) (98.3 - 274) (85.6 - 243) (33.0 - 221) 0.0418*

1720 1690 1400 1710 0.0345

(1620 - 2500) (1580 - 2280) (1130 - 3870) (700 - 2920) 0.99

104 115 118 134 0.443

(78.8 - 130) (60.2 - 164) (78.4 - 247) (78.0 - 221) 0.73

524A 588A 547A 216B 8.49

(433 - 585) (342 - 758) (326 - 622) (133 - 388) 0.0011*

94.8A 76.3AB 67.0AB 42.3B 4.48

(74.4 - 119) (40.8 - 88.2) (46.3 - 98.2) (25.1 - 74.8) 0.0172*

36.2 38.4 33.3 14.8 1.95

(33.3 - 49.6) (25.7 - 43.5) (19.0 - 92.0) (5.96 - 45.3) 0.16

Bering Sea

ΣBDEs

ΣCHLs

ΣDDTs

Heptachlor 

epoxide

Mirex

ΣHCHs

ΣPCBs

Dieldrin

HCB
28

Figure 12. Principal components analysis (means and standard errors with individual eggs inset) 

for glaucous gull (GLGU) and glaucous-winged gull (GWGU) eggs. Compounds contributing to 

loadings are shown along the axes.

PC 1

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14

PC 2

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

Noatak River delta GLGU 2005

Penny River delta GLGU 2005

Hooper Bay GLGU 2005

Shaiak Island GWGU 2005

Ualik Lake GWGU 2005

Middleton Island GWGU 2005

Viesokoi Rock GWGU 2005

PC 1

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14

PC 2 -0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

HCB, oxychlordane, 3- & 4-Cl PCBs 6- & 7-Cl PCBs 4,4’-DDE 4-6-Cl PCBs

PC 1

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14

PC 2

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

Noatak River delta GLGU 2005

Penny River delta GLGU 2005

Hooper Bay GLGU 2005

Shaiak Island GWGU 2005

Ualik Lake GWGU 2005

Middleton Island GWGU 2005

Viesokoi Rock GWGU 2005

PC 1

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14

PC 2 -0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

HCB, oxychlordane, 3- & 4-Cl PCBs 6- & 7-Cl PCBs 4,4’-DDE 4-6-Cl PCBs
29

98.07% 97.77%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Common Murres Glaucous Gulls

% MeHg

n = 11 n = 20

Figure 13. Percentages of methylmercury contributing to 

total mercury in murre and gull eggs. The bars show the 

mean ± one standard error.

Mercury (including organomercury) 

Because the mercury levels found in the murre and gull eggs were almost 100% methylmercury 

(see Fig. 13), only total mercury 

values are reported here.

Mercury mass fractions ranged 

from 0.01 to 0.376 μg g-1, with a 

grand mean of 0.124 μg g-1 (n = 

216), and an overall RSD of 62 

%. The average RSD among 

replicate eggs in each sampling 

event was 31 % (see Fig. 14 and 

Appendix 42). One-way 

ANOVAs for mercury levels vs. 

sampling events demonstrated 

that more than 71 % of the 

overall variability could be 

attributed to colonies, species, and 

years (r2 = 0.71, P < 0.0001). Some 

temporal variability was found at 

colonies with multi-year collections. 

Pair-wise Tukey tests between years at these colonies found that the East Amatuli Island 

common murres varied significantly over time (i.e., mercury levels declined between 1999 and 

2003). In contrast, temporal differences were not apparent in the four-year St. Lazaria Island 

common murre data set, or in the two-year data sets from Middleton Island (common murres), 

St. Lazaria Island (thick-billed murres), and St. George Island (common and thick-billed murres; 

see Fig. 14). 

Colonies were grouped by species and region and one-way ANOVAs were run to identify trends. 

Glaucous and glaucous-winged gulls were combined as “gulls”, and the Chukchi gull and murre 

colonies were pooled with the Bering Sea colonies. In the case of murres, most of the variability 

resulted from geographic location: egg mercury levels for both murre species were higher (P < 

0.05) at the Gulf of Alaska colonies than at the Bering Sea colonies (see Fig. 15). In contrast, the 

gull colonies did not vary geographically. However, within the Bering Sea region, the gull egg 

mercury values were higher than the levels found in the murre eggs (P < 0.05). 

All of the common and thick-billed murre eggs were pooled by species and two separate oneway ANOVAs were run to see if proximity to the mainland was responsible for variation among 

the colonies. Differences were not apparent in the Gulf of Alaska. However, in the Bering Sea, 

eggs from the coastal Norton Sound common murre colonies (Sledge Island, Bluff, and Cape 

Denbigh) contained significantly higher mercury levels (P < 0.0001) than the eggs from all of the 

other colonies (see Fig. 16). 
30

Figure 14. Mass fractions of mercury in individual murre and gull eggs. (CL = Cape Lisburne, DI = Little DiomeSledge Island, BL = Bluff, CD = Cape Denbigh, SW = St. Lawrence Island, CP = Cape Pierce, SG = St. George Bogoslof Island, DU = Duck Island, GU = Gull Island, EA = East Amatuli Island, MD = Middleton Island, SL = NT = Noatak River delta, PR = Penny River delta, HO = Hooper Bay, SH = Shaiak Island, UL = Ualik Lake, MD and VR = Viesekoi Rock; TB = thick-billed murre, CO = common murre, GL = glaucous gull, GW = glaucous-w

0.00.10.20.30.4

g g-1 Hg

CLTB02

DICO99

SDCO05

BLCO05

CDCO05

SWTB02

CPCO05

SGCO99

SGTB00

SGTB02

BOTB00

BOCO00

BOCO05

DUCO04

GUCO04

EACO99

EACO03

MDCO03

MDCO04

SLCO99

SLCO01

SLCO03

SLCO04

SLTB01

SLTB02

NTGL05

PRGL05

HOGL05

0.00.10.20.30.4

g g-1 Hg

CLTB02

DICO99

SDCO05

BLCO05

CDCO05

SWTB02

CPCO05

SGCO99

SGTB00

SGTB02

BOTB00

BOCO00

BOCO05

DUCO04

GUCO04

EACO99

EACO03

MDCO03

MDCO04

SLCO99

SLCO01

SLCO03

SLCO04

SLTB01

SLTB02

NTGL05

PRGL05

HOGL05
31

0

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.2

COMU TBMU Gulls COMU TBMU Gulls Bering

Sea

Gulf of

Alaska

g g-1 Hg

C

B,C

C

A,B

Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska

n=54 n=15 n=89 n=16 n=105 n=111 n=36 n=6

C

A

Figure 15. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of mercury in murre and gull eggs by 

species and geographic location. 

Figure 16. Mean mass fractionss (± one standard error) of mercury in common murre eggs 

collected in 2005 from coastal mainland colonies in Norton Sound compared with other 

mainland and coastal colonies in the Bering and Chukchi seas. (CLIS = Cape Lisburne, DIOM = 

Little Diomede Island, SLED = Sledge Island, BLUFF = Bluff, CDEN = Cape Denbigh, STLW 

= St. Lawrence Island, CPEI = Cape Pierce, STGE = St. George Island, and BOGO = Bogoslof 

Island).

0

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.2

CLIS DIOM SLED BLUFF CDEN STLW CPEI STGE BOGO

g g-1 Hg

B

B

B

B

B B

A

A

A

Norton Sound 
32

Organotin Compounds

Levels of MBT, DBT, TBT and ∑BT (MBT+DBT+TBT) in the murre and gull eggs obtained 

from the Bering and Chukchi sea and Gulf of Alaska colonies during 1999-2005 were compared 

with brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs collected near Charleston, South Carolina in 

2005 (see Table 4 and Appendix 43). Differences were apparent among the murre and gull eggs 

and geographical regions (see Fig. 17), and among the MBT, DBT, TBT, and ∑BT levels in the 

common and thick-billed murre eggs from the Gulf of Alaska colonies (see Fig. 18). Total 

butyltin (∑BT) values averaged 205  107 pg Sn g-1 in the murre and gull eggs when all species 

and year data were combined. This value was lower (P < 0.05) than the values found in the 

pelican eggs (mean = 624 ± 352 pg Sn g-1; see Table 4), which came from an area where ship 

and boat traffic are high. However, this difference may be smaller than it appears to be because 

of the difference in sample sizes (i.e., murres and gulls = 77 and pelicans = 8). 

When data from the same colonies and years were used, the average RSD was significantly 

lower in murres than in gulls (29% vs. 52%, respectively). Average MBT, DBT, and TBT values 

were 76  51 pg Sn g-1 (range = 3-254 pg Sn g-1), 79  46 pg Sn g-1 (range = 7-211 pg Sn g-1) and 

48  25 pg Sn g-1 (range = 8-128 pg Sn g-1), respectively, when data from murre and gull 

colonies and years were combined. The RSDs for MBT, DBT, and TBT in the eggs from the 

same murre species, colonies, and years equaled 39%, 36% and 30%, respectively. These values 

were lower (P < 0.05) than those found in the gull eggs, which averaged 54%, 53% and 68%, 

respectively (See Table 4). 

Differences between ∑BT levels in the murre and gull eggs were highly significant (P < 0.0001) 

and accounted for most of the variation found in the samples (see Fig. 17). When data from all 

three Alaskan regions were combined, no differences were found between the common and 

thick-bill murre eggs (253  16 vs. 263  21 pg Sn g-1, respectively; P > 0.05). However, the 

values were about 2.5 times higher than the gull egg levels (110  20 pg Sn g-1; P < 0.05). When 

data were broken down by BuSn species, the MBT and DBT patterns were the same: both 

compounds were higher in the murre eggs than in the gull eggs (P < 0.05). However, TBT values 

did not differ between murres and gulls (P > 0.05), and the metabolites of the parent compound 

displayed a different pattern. Relative fractions of TBT (% of ∑BT) were higher in the gull eggs 

(37.4%  2.4%) than in the common and thick-bill murre eggs (20.7%  1.7% and 23.1% 

2.4%, respectively). 

Geographic differences were not apparent among the gull eggs (see Fig. 17). However, the 

combined common and thick-billed murre data displayed clear regional differences in ∑BT 

levels (P = 0.012). Levels were higher in the Gulf of Alaska and Chukchi Sea than in the Bering 

Sea. When data were broken down by BuSn species, DBT did not differ among the regions. 

However, MBT was higher in the Chukchi Sea than in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska (P < 

0.05), and TBT was higher in the Gulf of Alaska than in the Bering and Chukchi seas (P < 0.05).
33

Table 4. Mean mass fractions (± one standard deviation) of MBT, DBT, TBT and ∑BT in common and thick-bil

glaucous and glaucous-winged gull eggs collected in the Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska during 199eggs obtained in the Charleston, South Carolina vicinity in 2005 (SD = standard deviation; detection limits = 1-8 

Species Location Year n MBT (pg Sn g-1) DBT (pg Sn g-1) 

(p

Glaucous Gull Glaucous-winged Gull Glaucous-winged Gull Glaucous-winged Gull 

Chukchi Sea (Noatak River delta) 2005 5 34±13 31±16 

Bering Sea (Shaiak Island) 2005 6 22±21 28±9 Bering Sea (Hooper Bay) 2005 5 19±8 23±22 Gulf of Alaska (Sitka, Viesekoi Rocks) 2005 5 37±15 41±13 

Mean ± 1 SD 21 (28±16) (31±14) 

Common Murre 

Chukchi Sea (Little Diomede Island) 1999 6 149±75 135±49 

Bering Sea (St George Island) 1999 6 81±26 85±24 Gulf of Alaska (St Lazaria Island)

1999 6 138±41 109±14 

2001 6 66±26 72±30 2003 5 93±61 67±34 

Gulf of Alaska (East Amatuli Island) 1999 6 64±21 80±30 

2003 4 44±8 61±27 

Mean ± 1 SD 39 (92±55) (88±38) 

Thick-billed Murre 

Chukchi Sea (Cape Lisburne) 2002 5 104±52 117±62 

Bering Sea (St George Island) 2002 6 74±31 98±32 Gulf of Alaska (St Lazaria Island) 2001 6 95±26 130±38 

Mean ± 1 SD 17 (88±37) (117±47) 

Brown Pelican Atlantic Ocean (South Carolina) 2005 8 285±98 228±161 
34

Figure 17. Mean mass fractions (± one standard error) of MBT, DBT, TBT and ∑BT in murre 

and gull eggs from colonies in the Bering and Chukchi seas and Gulf of Alaska. Different letters 

indicate significant differences (P  0.05) and asterisks indicate there were differences between 

common (COMU) and thick-billed (TBMU) murres.

Figure 18. Mean BuSn mass fractions (± one standard error) in Gulf of Alaska common (CM) 

and thick-billed (TBM) murre eggs. Mass fraction (pg Sn g-1) TBT (pg Sn g-1) MBT (pg Sn g-1

)

BT (pg Sn g-1) DBT (pg Sn g-1)
35

Discussion 

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) 

The geographic differences among the Gulf of Alaska common murre colonies appeared to be 

relatively robust. POP levels at St. Lazaria Island were higher than the 1999 and 2003 East 

Amatuli Island values (see Vander Pol et al. 2004 and Fig. 4). STAMP chose St. Lazaria Island 

as the primary study site for collecting information on annual variation in contaminants in the 

Gulf of Alaska. However, because of the clear separation between this island and the other 

colonies in the region, at least one more location will have to be monitored in the Gulf of Alaska 

to obtain this information (see Figs. 4, 8, and 10). 

The gull data generally followed the overall trend found in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering and 

Chukchi sea murre eggs (see Figs. 11 and 12). All of the murre and gull eggs showed increasing 

levels of the higher volatile compounds (i.e., HCB, pentachlorobenzene, and octachlorostyrene) 

with increasing latitude (see Figs. 5, 6, and 11 and Table 3), a trend that matched the global 

distillation/fractionation theory of Wania and Mackay (1996). In the case of murres, 4,4’-DDE, 

the sum of the PCBs, and the BDE 47 levels were higher in the Gulf of Alaska eggs than in the 

Bering Sea eggs (see Vander Pol et al. 2004 and Fig. 6), but this pattern was not apparent in the 

gull eggs (Table 3). The variation in the gull eggs may have resulted from laying order (see 

Verreault et al. 2006). It may also have resulted from variations in exposure to contaminants 

because gulls are highly opportunistic and the individuals laying the eggs that were analyzed 

may have fed on widely different food types (e.g., berries vs. bird eggs vs. fish vs. marine 

mammal carcasses vs. ship-board garbage). Based on this information, gull eggs may not be as 

good as murre eggs for monitoring contaminants, but they are still important in long-term 

monitoring programs because of their significant role in subsistence diets. 

More data are needed to explain the variations in PBDE levels found in the Middleton Island gull 

eggs. Because these birds are opportunistic scavengers, some of the eggs may have come from 

individuals that were exposed to higher levels of flame retardants because they fed on marine 

mammal carcasses or refuse from the island’s old garbage dump. Middleton Island is an old U.S. 

Air Force – Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) radar and White Alice communications site that 

has been upgraded and is currently being maintained by a few Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) 

employees that visit the site intermittently. Although current anthropogenic influences should be 

minimal, historical operations may still play a role in exposure to some types of contaminants 

(e.g., PBDEs leaching out of old dump sites). 

Also, POP levels may have varied among first-, second-, and third-laid eggs (see Verreault et al.

2006), and this factor may help explain some of the Middleton Island variation (see Fig. 11) 

because two of the samples were from single eggs belonging to three-egg clutches (Appendix 1). 

However, if this factor played a role, greater variation should have occurred at several of the 

other colonies where only single eggs from multi-egg clutches were analyzed (the other eggs 

belonging to these clutches were broken in transit). Note: a new series of gull eggs obtained from 

Middleton Island in 2006 will allow STAMP to investigate differences among eggs in multi-egg 

clutches.
36

The 4,4’-DDE, mirex, and DE-TOX 408 (Parlar 38) values suggest that contaminant levels may 

be higher at offshore colonies than inshore colonies (see Figs. 4 and 5). If this difference is real, 

it may result from several factors, including latitudinal differences (global fractionation) and 

differences in deposition patterns (wet and dry). However, the Norton Sound colonies (Cape 

Denbigh, Bluff, and Sledge Island) did not show any clear trends (see Fig. 5). Also, contaminant 

patterns in the Sledge Island and Cape Denbigh eggs were nearly identical, but the eggs from 

Bluff, a colony located between these sites, were different (Fig. 8). This difference suggests 

POPs may not be evenly distributed in Norton Sound. It also confirms that murre eggs need to be 

collected from at least two locations in this area to monitor long-term contaminant trends (i.e., 

either Bluff and Sledge Island, or Bluff and Cape Denbigh). POP levels also varied more at 

Bluff, compared to the other locations (see Fig. 5 and Appendices 14-15 and 23-24), suggesting 

that common murre foraging strategies may be different at this mainland colony. Tracking 

breeding birds with satellite tags and conducting stable isotope analyses on egg contents would 

help clarify this issue. 

Based on historical 1973 Bogoslof Island and 1976 Bluff and Middleton islands information, 

some POPs appear to have declined since the 1970s (see Fig. 19 and Ohlendorf et al. 1982). 

Although PCB data could not be compared because 1970s analytical techniques were different 

(packed column GC, Aroclor method; see Eagnhouse et al. 1991 and Turle et al. 1991), DDE 

levels were lower at these colonies (minimum 1970s values were generally greater than the 

maximum values found during this study). Similar declines in oxychlordane values were 

apparent at Bluff and Middleton Island, and also in HCB levels at Bluff. However, the historical 

levels of these two contaminants were lower and similar to the current values at Bogoslof Island 

(see Fig. 19). 

In contrast, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide values at Bogoslof and Middleton islands appeared 

to have been higher in the 1970s. However, historical variation was high suggesting that these 

changes might not be real. Data from Bluff supported this argument: 1976 levels of these 

compounds were considerably lower and similar to the values found during this study (see Fig. 

19). 

Average Middleton Island toxaphene levels were similar to the 1976 values; however again, 

historical deviations were large, casting doubt on this apparent change. As in the case of PCBs, 

historical methods for analyzing toxaphene differed from current techniques. Historical methods 

relied on one of several commercial standards, while the current methods use congeners. Given 

this difference, care must be exercised when comparing values. 

Problems associated with attempts to compare historical data with contemporary information 

demonstrate the importance of specimen banks and standardized methods for collecting and 

storing samples for future research. If egg samples from the 1970s had been saved and properly 

banked, they could have been reanalyzed and compared directly with data generated during this 

study. Also, banked egg samples from the 1970s could have been analyzed for more recent 

contaminants of concern (e.g., PBDEs and organotins). For example, common murre eggs from 

Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea have been banked in the Swedish Environmental Specimen Bank 

since studies began in 1969. Jörundsdóttir et al. (2006) reanalyzed samples from these eggs and 

found that significant declines occurred in DDE, PCB congeners 101 and 153, and trans-
37

chlordane levels between 1971 and 2001. Their retrospective analyses also discovered that the 

declines were slower during the last decade, which supports the changes that have been found 

between the historical 1970s information and data generated by this study (see Fig. 19). 

Sellström et al. (2003) used samples from the banked Swedish eggs to examine temporal trends 

in PBDEs. They found that levels increased during 1969-1985 and decreased during 1990-2001. 

These researchers also reported that restrictions on production and use of PBDEs began in 

Europe in 1986. In contrast, production of penta- and octa-BDE products did not stop in the U.S. 

until 2004, and only a handful of the 50 states regulate PBDEs to this day (Bromine Science and 

Environmental Forum 2007). So, in spite of the fact that current levels of these compounds are 

lower in Alaskan common murre eggs than those reported from Stora Karlsö (see Table 5), they 

may remain unchanged or even increase for several more years, given the estimated time lag for 

reduction of contaminants in arctic environments following declines in emissions (i.e., typically 

on the order of decades; see Gouin and Wania 2007). Levels of the other contaminants reported 

by Jörundsdóttir et al. (2006) were also higher, compared to this study (see Table 5), and have 

geographic patterns similar to those found during recent studies (e.g., see Vander Pol et al. 2004, 

Muir and Norstrom 2000). 

PCB, DDT, and mirex levels in the glaucous and glaucous-winged gull eggs were generally 

lower than those reported in the literature (see Fig. 20; also see also see Barrett et al. 1996, 

Braune et al. 1999, Braune et al.2002, Elliott et al. 1989, Jack and Martinez 2003, Ohlendorf et 

al. 1982, Speich et al. 1992, and Verreault et al.2005). In contrast, HCB levels were generally 

higher than the literature values, with the exception of those found in the Canadian gull eggs. 

Other POP levels were similar to literature values, including those reported by Jack and Martinez 

(2003). 
38

DDE HCB

ng g-1 wet mass

0

50

100150200250300350400500

1000150020002500

dieldrin heptachlor epoxide oxychlordane toxa

Bluff 1976Bluff 2005Bogoslof I.1973Bogoslof I. 2000Bogoslof I. 2005Middleton I. 1976Middleton I. 2003 Middleton I. 2004

Figure 19. Mean mass frations of POPs in common murre eggs collected at Alaskan colonies during 2003-201970s (see Ohlendorf et al. 1982). Error bars show 95% confidence intervals and ranges are indicated by dot
39

Table 5. Mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass; means with ranges in parentheses) of selected 

organic contaminants in Alaskan common murre eggs compared to values reported from 

Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea (see Sellström et al. 2003 and Jörundsdóttir et al. 2006). 

Alaska 2003-2005

Compound Current Results Jörundsdóttir et al. (2006) Sellström et al. (2003) 

PCB 101 4.57 17

(<0.3 - 95.7) (60 - 86)

PCB 153 142 2200

(10.0 - 628) (940 - 4200)

DDE 854 10000

(240 - 2743) (7000 - 13000)

trans-nonachlor 1.59 2.7

(<0.07 - 2.47) (<0.5 - 12)

BDE 47 36.2 89

(1.17 - 303) (28 - 360)

BDE 99 9.42 12

(<0.6 - 637) (4.6 - 42)

Stora Karlsö 2001
40

ng g-1 wet mass

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

600

800

CHLs 

HCB 

HCHs 

-HCH 

heptachlor epoxide

oxychlordane 

dieldrin 

mirex 

ng g-1 wet mass

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

3300

3600

3900

4200

4500

4800

5000

10000

15000

20000

Hg 

DDTs 

4,4'-DDE 

PCBs 

Puget Sound, WA USA -

GWGU - 1984 - n = 171

BC Isles Canada - GWGU -

1970 - n = 2 pools of 102

Tsawwassen, BC Canada -

GWGU - 1977 - n = 102

BC Isles Canada -

GWGU - 1983 - n = 92

Gulf of Alaska USA - GWGU -

1973-1976 n = 1133

Gulf of Alaska USA -

GWGU - 2000 n = 34

Gulf of Alaska USA -

GWGU - 2005 n = 55

Bering Sea USA - GWGU -

1973-1976 n = 103

Bering Sea USA -

GWGU - 2005 n = 65

Bering Sea USA -

GLGU - 2000 n = 34

Bering Sea USA -

GLGU - 2005 n = 65

Chukchi Sea USA -

GLGU - 2005 n = 35

Chukchi Sea USA -

GLGU - 2000 n = 34

Central Canadian Arctic Rivers -

GLGU - 1993 - n = 10 pools of 36

E. Canadian Arctic Islands -

GLGU - 1993 - n = 10 pools of 26

Prince Leopold I. E. Canadian 

Arctic - GLGU - 1998 - n = 57

Svalbard Norway -

GLGU - 1993 - n = 58

Bear I. Norway - GWGU -

2002-2004 - n = 309

ng g-1 wet mass

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

600

800

CHLs 

HCB 

HCHs 

-HCH 

heptachlor epoxide

oxychlordane 

dieldrin 

mirex 

ng g-1 wet mass

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

3300

3600

3900

4200

4500

4800

5000

10000

15000

20000

Hg 

DDTs 

4,4'-DDE 

PCBs 

Puget Sound, WA USA -

GWGU - 1984 - n = 171

BC Isles Canada - GWGU -

1970 - n = 2 pools of 102

Tsawwassen, BC Canada -

GWGU - 1977 - n = 102

BC Isles Canada -

GWGU - 1983 - n = 92

Gulf of Alaska USA - GWGU -

1973-1976 n = 1133

Gulf of Alaska USA -

GWGU - 2000 n = 34

Gulf of Alaska USA -

GWGU - 2005 n = 55

Bering Sea USA - GWGU -

1973-1976 n = 103

Bering Sea USA -

GWGU - 2005 n = 65

Bering Sea USA -

GLGU - 2000 n = 34

Bering Sea USA -

GLGU - 2005 n = 65

Chukchi Sea USA -

GLGU - 2005 n = 35

Chukchi Sea USA -

GLGU - 2000 n = 34

Central Canadian Arctic Rivers -

GLGU - 1993 - n = 10 pools of 36

E. Canadian Arctic Islands -

GLGU - 1993 - n = 10 pools of 26

Prince Leopold I. E. Canadian 

Arctic - GLGU - 1998 - n = 57

Svalbard Norway -

GLGU - 1993 - n = 58

Bear I. Norway - GWGU -

2002-2004 - n = 309

Figure 20. Mass frations of contaminants (means and ranges) in glaucous (GLGU) and glaucouswinged (GWGU) gull eggs reported in the literature and found during this study (1

Speich et al.

1992, 2

Elliott et al. 1989, 3Ohlendorf et al. 1982, 4Jack and Martinez 2003, 5this study, 6Braune 

et al.2002, 7Braune et al. 1999, 8Barrett et al. 1996, 9Verreault et al.2005). 
41

Mercury (including organomercury)

Measuring sources and sinks of toxicants, assessing environmental risks, and understanding 

abiotic and biotic processes that influence pollutant levels are fundamental parts of describing 

spatial patterns in contaminants on local, regional, and global scales. The mercury levels found 

in murre eggs during this study were comparable to those reported from other regions of the 

world (see Table 6). Levels were higher in the Gulf of Alaska than in the Bering Sea (see Fig. 

15) and this same geographic pattern has been reported in Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus 

stenolepis) and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Mercury levels increased in these benthic fish 

eastward from the Bering Sea to the Gulf of Alaska and then southward into the nearshore waters 

of southeastern Alaska (see Hall et al. 1976a, Hall et al. 1976b). This pattern in mercury 

contamination was similar to the POP patterns discovered in murre eggs during previous work 

(see Vander Pol et al. 2004) and verified during this study. It also complements the results of 

other studies showing that mercury levels tend to increase as one continues to move southward 

into British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California waters (e.g., see Sydeman and 

Jarman 1998; Hall et al. 1976a, 1976b; Anas 1974). 

Data on transport and deposition rates of mercury are not available from the Bering and Chukchi 

seas and Gulf of Alaska. However, there is one obvious climatic difference between these 

regions: the much higher precipitation rates in the Gulf of Alaska, compared to the Bering and 

Chukchi seas (e.g., see Stabeno et al. 2004). Although the importance of dry atmospheric 

deposition of mercury has become increasingly clear (see Miller et al. 2005, Grigal 2002), it may 

be possible that precipitation enhances scavenging of mercury species, as air masses approach 

the Gulf’s coast (see Sakata and Marumoto 2005). However, measurements of atmospheric 

mercury deposition are currently not available for any of Alaska’s marine environments, but a 

model for predicting mercury deposition in the Arctic may be built using a recent publication 

(Jaffe and Strode, 2008). Coordinating STAMP sampling sites with future efforts to obtain this 

information and incorporating data from this work into the analyses of seabird eggs would 

markedly improve the value of the data sets. 
42

Table 6. Mean mass frations of total mercury (μg g

-1, wet mass) in common murre (Uria aalge)

and thick-billed murre (U. lomvia) eggs from Alaska, California, Norway, and Russia. 

Species Location Year Hg %RSD N Reference 

U. aalge Alaska (St. Lazaria I.) 2004 0.218 36% 8 This study 

U. aalge Alaska (Gull I.) 2004 0.131 21% 8 This study 

U. aalge Alaska (Duck I.) 2004 0.176 16% 4 This study 

U. aalge Alaska (East Amatuli I.) 2003 0.114 14% 10 This study 

U. aalge Alaska (St. Lazaria I.) 2003 0.174 22% 10 This study 

U. aalge Alaska (St. Lazaria I.) 2001 0.150 24% 10 Day et al. 2006 

U. aalge Alaska (Bogoslof I.) 2000 0.031 44% 9 Day et al. 2006 

U. aalge Alaska (St. Lazaria I.) 1999 0.207 26% 10 Christopher et al. 2002 

U. aalge Alaska (Little Diomede I.) 1999 0.053 36% 9 Christopher et al. 2002 

U. aalge Alaska (St. George I.) 1999 0.026 30% 11 Christopher et al. 2002 

U. aalge Alaska (East Amatuli I.) 1999 0.200 36% 11 Christopher et al. 2002 

U. aalge California (Farallone Is.) 1994 0.165 37.3% 12 Jarman et al. 1996 

U. aalge California (Farallone Is.) 1993 0.196 n/a 15 Sydeman &Jarman 1998 

U. aalge Russia (Kola Peninsula) 1993 0.08 12.5% 5 Barrett et al.1996 

U. aalge Norway (Finmark) 1993 0.10 40% 5 Barrett et al.1996 

U. aalge Norway (E. Finmark) 1983 0.12 33.3% 10 Barrett et al.1985 

U. aalge Norway (W. Finmark) 1983 0.11 54.5% 9 Barrett et al.1985 

U. aalge Norway (Nordland) 1983 0.13 30.1% 7 Barrett et al.1985 

U. aalge Norway (Lofoten I.) 1983 0.08 12.5% 8 Barrett et al.1985 

U. aalge Northern Norway 1972 0.07 n/a 30 Fimreite et al. 1974 

U. lomvia Alaska (Cape Lisburne) 2002 0.053 27% 6 This study 

U. lomvia Alaska (St. Lawrence I.) 2002 0.400 38% 6 This study 

U. lomvia Alaska (St. George I.) 2002 0.045 54% 7 This study 

U. lomvia Alaska (St. Lazaria I.) 2002 0.199 15% 6 This study 

U. lomvia Alaska (St. George I.) 2000 0.037 15% 7 Day et al. 2006 

U. lomvia Alaska (Bogoslof I.) 2000 0.086 33% 10 Day et al. 2006 

U. lomvia Alaska (St. Lazaria I.) 2001 0.104 36% 10 Day et al. 2006 
43

Table 6 (continued). Mean mass frations of total mercury (μg g

-1, wet mass) in common murre 

(Uria aalge) and thick-billed murre (U. lomvia) eggs from Alaska, California, Norway, and 

Russia. 

Species Location Year Hg %RSD N Reference 

U. lomvia Canada (Coats I.) 1998 0.176 n/a 15 Braune et al. 2002 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1998 0.332 n/a 15 Braune et al. 2002 

U. lomvia Canada (Coburg I.) 1993 0.423 n/a 15 Braune et al. 2002 

U. lomvia Canada (Digges I.) 1993 0.238 n/a 15 Braune et al. 2002 

U. lomvia Canada (Coats I.) 1993 0.237 n/a 15 Braune et al. 2002 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1993 0.290 n/a 15 Braune et al. 2002 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1988 0.258 n/a 9 Braune et al. 2001 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1987 0.269 n/a 9 Braune et al. 2001 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1977 0.150 n/a 9 Braune et al. 2001 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1976 0.236 n/a 9 Braune et al. 2001 

U. lomvia Canada (Prince Leopold I.) 1975 0.188 n/a 9 Braune et al. 2001 

Local biogeochemical processes that control the formation and bioaccumulation of 

methylmercury are often equally as important as mercury input in biological systems (e.g., see 

Mason et al. 2005). Although quantitative assessments have not been made, the proximity of 

colonies to mainland environments is probably an important factor. Erosion of natural mercury 

deposits (e.g., see AMAP 2002), mercury derived from snowmelt (e.g., see Loseto et al. 2004), 

strong freshwater discharges (see Stabeno et al. 2004), and estuaries and coastal wetlands that 

have favorable conditions for the methylation of mercury (e.g., see U.S.EPA 2000) may all 

contribute to the levels of mercury in seabird eggs. Although these factors appear to be more 

common in the Gulf of Alaska than in the Bering and Chukchi seas, they fail to explain all of the 

variation found in these regions. For example, in the Gulf of Alaska, mercury levels in common 

murre eggs from four nesting locations closely associated with mainland environments (Gull, 

Duck, East Amatuli, and St. Lazaria islands were similar to the values found at Middleton Island, 

a colony located about 120 km offshore in more oceanic waters. However, within the Bering Sea, 

mercury levels were significantly higher in the common murre eggs from three coastal colonies 

in Norton Sound (Cape Denbigh, Bluff, and Sledge Island) than they were at the offshore island 

locations (St. Lawrence, St. George, Bogoslof, and Little Diomede islands) and the other 

mainland locations in the Bering and Chukchi seas (Cape Pierce and Cape Lisburne, see Fig. 16). 

Indeed, the mercury levels found in the murre eggs at the Norton Sound colonies were quite 

similar to the relatively high Gulf of Alaska values (see Fig 14). 

Two factors may help explain why mercury levels were high at the Norton Sound murre 

colonies. Norton Sound is strongly influenced by the freshwater outflow of the Yukon River 
44

(e.g., see Coachman et al. 1975, Springer et al. 1984), and its northern coast has a long history of 

placer mining dating from the 1899 Nome gold rush when liquid mercury (quicksilver) was first 

used to separate gold from slurries in sluice boxes, drainage tunnels, rockers, and other 

extraction devices (e.g., see Harrison 1905, Carlson 1947; also see Alpers and Hunerlach 2000 

for information on the mercury amalgamation process). Mercury was used throughout most of 

the Seward Peninsula’s river and creek drainages flowing into the Sound, including Daniels 

Creek near Bluff, where one of the richest gold deposits was found in 1900 (see Harrison 1905). 

In 1968-1971, old corroding 45 kg iron flasks of liquid mercury were still present at the old Bluff 

town site (D.G. Roseneau, pers. obs.), and high levels of this contaminant can still be found at 

most of the Peninsula’s historical mining sites to this day. For example, in the mid-1980s, a 

public health study of a mining operation on the outskirts of Nome (Dry Creek) reported mercury 

levels as high as 85 ppm in soil samples from Steadman Field, a recreational facility built on a 

former gold mining site (see Middaugh et al. 1986; also see 

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/alaskag/agc_pl.html). This same study also reported values as high 

as 144 g g

-1 in waste tailings and 484,600 g g-1 in sediments at a mercury retort site near the 

city of Nome, and in the late 1980s, another research project found 1-2 ng/L of mercury in some 

surface seawater samples collected in Norton Sound near Nome (see Crecellus et al. 1990). 

The other coastal colonies in the Bering and Chukchi seas (i.e., Cape Pierce and Cape Lisburne) 

are situated on promontories of land, and the mercury levels at these locations were closer to the 

values found at the offshore island colonies (i.e., Little Diomede, St. George, St. Lawrence, and 

Bogoslof islands). More information is needed on watershed-derived methylmercury and in situ

production of this compound in coastal wetlands to understand local signatures. Analyzing eggs 

from other murre and gull colonies in the Norton and Kotzebue sound regions (e.g. King Island, 

the Brevig Mission – Teller – Imruk Basin vicinities, Cape Darby, Rocky Point, Shaktoolik, 

Besboro and Egg islands, and the Cape Espenburg – Goodhope River – Deering – Buckland 

vicinities) will provide new information that may help clarify this issue. 

One of STAMP’s primary goals is to collect and analyze seabird eggs for contaminants to 

determine current baseline levels, and another major goal is to bank these egg samples for future 

retrospective studies of long-term temporal trends and new analytes of interest. Since the project 

began in 1999, most efforts have focused on investigating geographic variations in contaminants 

and identifying sampling sites that could be used in a long-term monitoring program. However, 

the multi-year data that are now available from four colonies (St. Lazaria Island, common and 

thick-billed murres; Middleton Island, common murres; East Amatuli Island, common murres; 

and St. George Island, thick-billed murres) provided an opportunity to begin investigating 

temporal trends. When these data were analyzed for mercury, they showed that levels varied 

somewhat over the years at three of the sites and were significantly different at East Amatuli 

Island (see Fig. 14). Although the time interval was too short to begin inferring the presence of 

long-term changes, the information from these colonies demonstrated that annual variability 

must be taken into account when attempting to track long-term trends in contaminants. These 

data will be incorporated into a statistical power analysis to formally assess the ability of the 

current collection design to detect temporal and geographic trends, and modify collection size 

and frequency and necessary. This process will be periodically repeated as more data becomes 

available. Because murre diets vary annually and seasonally (e.g., see Springer et al. 1986, 

Springer et al. 1984, Carscadden et al. 2002), long-term monitoring efforts must also consider 
45

annual and seasonal changes in prey quality and availability. A study of forage fish used by 

seabirds in the northern Gulf of Alaska found high variability in energy density among species 

and positive correlations between lipid and protein content (see Anthony et al. 2000), which may 

be relevant to mercury levels. Given this information, it is clear that better information on shortand long-term shifts in food webs and climatic patterns must be obtained to help interpret 

temporal trends in contaminants. 

Monitoring contaminant levels in air, sediments, and water is not sufficient to predict health risks 

to wildlife and humans. Also, matrices resulting from these efforts contain certain biases and 

limitations (see Mason et al. 2005). In contrast, using biota to monitor environmental 

contaminants can provide single data points that integrate exposure over time, space, and trophic 

levels. However, life-history differences (e.g., sex, age, winter and summer distribution, 

migration routes, and foraging strategies) among individuals and populations can facilitate 

variation. Using muscle or liver tissues that serve as long-term storage sites for mercury to 

monitor pollutants also has draw-backs because it is difficult to determine the spatial and 

temporal scales the tissues are using to integrate the contaminants. Given this information, it is 

clear that the species and matrices used in long-term monitoring programs have to be chosen 

with care. 

 

Eggs are also vulnerable to the same biases; however, data from these tissues combined with 

information from other egg monitoring programs and experimental data suggest they may be 

effective for monitoring mercury because they more closely reflect discrete periods of mercury 

exposure, are geographically distinct, and have low sampling variability relative to other 

matrices. High analytical costs often result in sample sizes that are too small to address all of the 

variation in the system. In order to maximize abilities to detect environmental trends, long-term 

monitoring programs must balance these factors and use the best techniques available to reduce 

compounding environmental and analytical variability. 

STAMP is beginning to address the potential influence of annual variability on abilities to detect 

long-term trends in contaminants by collecting murre eggs for longer periods of time (6-7 years) 

at three sampling locations: Cape Lisburne in the Chukchi Sea, St. George Island in the Bering 

Sea, and St. Lazaria Island in the Gulf of Alaska (i.e., one sampling site per region). Data from 

these colonies will be subjected to a power analysis to help determine overall monitoring design 

and provide balance between abilities to detect trends and costs of collecting and analyzing 

samples. Information developed during this study indicating that more sampling sites are needed 

in some areas to address annual variation will also be taken into account (e.g., see the POPs 

results for Norton Sound and the Gulf of Alaska).

Another STAMP objective is to monitor the effect of changing mercury emissions on mercury 

levels over decadal periods of time. The limited number of anthropogenic sources of mercury in 

Alaska makes it an attractive place to track changes in global levels. This fact and current 

concerns that polar environments may serve as global sinks for mercury make establishing longterm monitoring programs in Alaska a priority. Data obtained during this study have 

demonstrated that murre eggs are sensitive indicators of geographic and temporal trends in 

mercury and other contaminants. These data have also shown that better information on 

relationships among egg contaminant levels, seabird life histories, marine food webs, 
46

atmospheric deposition processes and rates, climatic patterns, and contaminant cycling rates is 

needed to accurately interpret the mechanisms driving the trends in mercury levels and other 

contaminants. Recently, STAMP finished analyzing 60 egg samples with a multicollector 

ICPMS, and data are currently being processed. Preliminary information from these new 

analyses indicates there may be subtle differences in patterns of stable mercury isotopes, which 

suggests there may be differences in sources or trophic transfer rates of mercury. Applying a 

more integrative approach to validate the interpretation of data and normalizing mercury 

measurements by covariates such as δ15N or protein content in the samples will improve 

STAMP’s abilities to compare data over long periods of time and maximize the value of the 

research. 

Organotin Compounds

Antifouling paints have been a major source of tributytin (TBT) in marine environments. The 

biocidal and endocrine disruptor properties of this compound have been known since the late 

1950s, and its use in vessel paints has detrimentally affected marine wildlife on a global scale - 

e.g., from gastropods and bivalves to apex predators, including marine mammals (See Tanabe et 

al. 1998, Hoch 2001, Uenoa et al. 2004). Prior to this study, data were not available on this 

important organometallic contaminant in Alaska’s marine environments. 

Common and thick-billed murre eggs contained ∑BT levels that were about 2.5 times higher and 

less variable, compared to those found in gull eggs (see Table 4 and Fig. 17). This difference was 

probably influenced by differences in foraging strategies and habitats. For example, gulls are 

surface feeders that tend to utilize nearshore environments. They also feed heavily on 

invertebrates in intertidal zones and scavenge on a variety of carcasses in both marine and 

terrestrial habitats. In contrast, murres are deep divers that feed primarily on fish, including both 

pelagic and demersal species, and they also forage in offshore environments up to 100-160 km 

from their nesting colonies. As a consequence, murres are better at integrating open ocean 

signatures over large areas. The differences in MBT and DBT levels in the murre and gull eggs 

suggest there may be differences in exposure to organotin sources and/or differences in how the 

birds metabolize these contaminants. Although murres and gulls may integrate BuSn signatures 

at different rates, data obtained from the gull eggs compliment information from sessile 

organisms, such as mussels and oysters, which are typically used to monitor these compounds. 

Murre eggs from the Gulf of Alaska and Chukchi Sea contained higher ∑BT levels than murre 

eggs from the Bering Sea (see Table 4 and Fig. 17). In the Gulf of Alaska, thick-billed murre 

eggs had higher levels than common murre eggs (see Table 4 and Fig. 18). These differences are 

probably related to differences in foraging habitats and strategies. As previously mentioned, 

thick-billed murres tend to dive deeper, feed farther from shore, and consume larger numbers of 

benthic fish and invertebrates, compared to common murres. These basic differences between the 

species probably explain the higher BuSn and POPs levels found in the Gulf of Alaska thickbilled murre eggs. Similarities between the POP, mercury, and BuSn patterns also suggest 

similar routes of exposure. Hydrophobic compounds (e.g., DDT) tend to adsorb to particles that 

sink and accumulate in sediments and benthic food webs. Benthic foraging strategies and 

utilization of invertebrates are also consistent with the higher levels of TBT contamination found 

in the thick-billed murre eggs. 
47

Based on the results of this study, it is clear that seabird eggs are effective matrices for 

monitoring organotin compounds in marine environments. Although lower intracolony 

variability in murre eggs (less than 40% vs. 80% in gulls) suggests they may be better suited for 

this task, it is also clear that gull eggs are valuable for tracking changes in this contaminant 

because these birds are widely distributed throughout northern marine ecosystems and function 

as scavenger-predators in a variety of different habitats. 

Conclusions 

1) We confirmed the presence of geographic patterns in contaminants in murre eggs. Levels of 

POPs with the lowest environmental mobility (PCBs, DDE) were higher in the Gulf of 

Alaska than in Bering Sea. This pattern appeared to be consistent over time and occurred at 

colonies located in coastal mainland habitats as well as colonies influenced by deep oceanic 

habitats. 

2) Levels of POPs with the lowest environmental mobility (PCBs, DDE) were higher in the 

murre eggs from St. Lazaria Island in southeastern Alaska than the eggs from colonies in the 

northern Gulf of Alaska. More information will be needed to determine if the high St. 

Lazaria values are unique to this area or if they are similar to levels at nearshore nesting 

locations along the coasts of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. These findings also 

indicate that at least one more northern Gulf of Alaska sampling site will be needed to 

monitor long-term contaminant trends in this region. 

3) Levels of HCB were higher in murre and gull eggs from the Bering Sea than eggs from the 

Gulf of Alaska. This was opposite to the pattern found in POPs with the lowest 

environmental mobility (PCBs, DDE), and probably reflects the greater volatility of HCB, 

which is rapidly transported through the atmosphere to the higher latitudes. 

4) Geographic patterns of POPs were similar in the gull and murre eggs (i.e., the Gulf of Alaska 

was distinct from the Bering and Chukchi seas), but high variation in the gull eggs from 

Middleton Island reduced our confidence in the gull pattern. More gull eggs will have to be 

analyzed to determine if the geographic patterns for the two groups of seabirds are the same.

5) Levels of POPs appear to have declined at Alaskan murre colonies since the mid-1970s. 

However, historical data on PBDEs are not available, and analytical methods for detecting 

and measuring PCBs and toxaphene have improved substantially during the last 30 years, 

precluding temporal comparisons of these compounds. 

6) Most POP values varied among years at murre colonies where 2-4 years of data spanning 4-6 

year intervals were available (i.e., St. Lazaria, East Amatuli, and Bogoslof islands). The 

levels of 4,4’-DDE, PCBs, and HCB declined at all colonies (after removal of an outlier from 

Bogoslof Island), but the four years of information from St. Lazaria Island provided the best 

evidence of declines in these compounds. 

7) Mercury levels in murre eggs were comparable to the levels reported from other parts of the 
48

world. 

8) Overall, mercury levels were higher in murre eggs from the Gulf of Alaska than from the 

Bering and Chukchi seas. The smaller data set on gulls showed no significant geographic 

variability.

9) Within the Gulf of Alaska there were no differences in mercury levels among colonies. 

However, within the Bering Sea, the three Norton Sound murre colonies had significantly 

higher values than all of the other colonies in the region. These data also suggest that there 

may be differences in POPs among the Norton Sound colonies. The elevated mercury levels 

may be the result of historical mining activities on the Seward Peninsula, natural inputs from 

the Yukon River and smaller drainages in the region, and/or natural methylation processes in 

the region’s coastal wetlands. 

10) Common and thick-billed murres showed no significant differences in mercury levels within 

regions. Gulls and murres did not differ significantly in the Gulf of Alaska, but in the Bering 

Sea, gull egg values were significantly higher than murre egg values. 

11) Temporal variability in mercury levels was found at some murre colonies. However, 

additional data will be needed to determine if this just reflects annual variability or if it 

actually represents part of a long-term trend. 

12) Organotin levels in murre eggs were about 2.5 times higher and less variable than the levels 

found in gull eggs. This difference probably reflects differences in foraging habitats and 

strategies. 

13) Differences in levels of the TBT metabolites, MBT and DBT, in the murre and gull eggs 

suggested differences in exposure to organotin sources and/or differences in how these 

seabirds metabolically process these compounds. 

14) The geographic pattern in organotin compounds in murre eggs was different from the POPs 

and mercury patterns found in the same eggs. Total organotin levels were higher at the Gulf 

of Alaska and Chukchi Sea murre colonies than at the Bering Sea colonies. In contrast, no 

differences in total organotin levels or its metabolites were found among the gull colonies in 

these regions. More murre and gull eggs will have to be analyzed to verify the presence or 

absence of these geographic trends in Alaska’s marine environments. 

Recommendations 

1. More information should be obtained on mercury levels in eggs from seabird colonies in 

Norton Sound, where murre and gull eggs are important subsistence resources. Relatively 

high levels of mercury were found in the murre eggs from Sledge Island, Bluff, and Cape 

Denbigh. Analyzing murre and gull eggs from a larger set of Norton Sound colonies coupled 

with samples from other coastal nesting locations outside of Norton Sound near major river 

discharges would provide better information on the regional distribution of this element, help 
49

identify patterns that could characterize possible sources, and provide valuable information to 

the region’s subsistence users. 

2. In addition to determining levels of mercury in seabird eggs from colonies in and around 

Norton Sound, the isotopic patterns of mercury should be identified by multicollector ICPMS. This analytical method has the potential to use different isotopic patterns to better 

understand the propagation of this element in the food webs and to differentiate sources of 

mercury (e.g. Asian coal is isotopically distinct from North American coal, or imported 

mercury for gold mining versus natural mercury from stream sediments). Therefore, if coastal 

colonies are heavily influenced by mining activities or terrestrial cinnabar deposits, they may 

reflect different isotopic mercury patterns from colonies influenced by volcanic events or 

atmospherically derived mercury. 

3. More information should be obtained on mercury and POPs gradients in seabird eggs in the 

Gulf of Alaska and Pacific Northwest. Analyzing eggs from the Cold Bay, King Cove, 

Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound, Yakutat, Glacier Bay, and Hydaburg-Craig vicinities in 

Alaska, Triangle Island in British Columbia, Tatoosh Island in Washington, and the Farallon 

Islands in California would refine information on the east-west and north-south gradients in 

the Gulf of Alaska and test the hypothesis that contaminant levels increase eastward and 

southward around the Gulf and down the west coast of North America. 

4. More information should be obtained on organotins as well as other emerging contaminants 

in Alaska’s marine environments. Analyzing larger numbers of banked gull eggs from 

previously established sampling sites and gull eggs obtained from several new locations in the 

Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska would markedly expand the data base on these compounds 

and help identify geographic patterns in nearshore habitats. 

5. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of previously banked eggs, as well as future egg 

collections, will help explain the observed geographical, temporal and species comparisons. 

Enrichment of 15N is generally used to differentiate trophic levels while enrichment in 13C 

generally indicates inshore/benthic feeding vs. offshore/pelagic feeding. 
50

Literature Cited 

Alpers, C.N. and Hunerlach, M.P. 2000. Mercury contamination from historic gold mining in 

California. USGS Fact Sheet FS-061-00. 6 pp. 

AMAP. 1998. AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Arctic Monitoring and 

Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway. 

AMAP. 2002. AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment 

Program (AMAP), Oslo Norway. 

Anas, R. E. 1974. Heavy metal in the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, and harbor seal, 

Phoca vitulina richardi. Fishery Bulletin 72:133-137. 

Anthony, J.A., Roby, D.D., Turco, K.R. 2002. Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes 

from the northern Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Exploratory Marine Biology and Ecology 248:53-

78. 

Barrett, R.T., Skaare, J.U., and Gabrielsen, G.W. 1996. Recent changes in levels of persistent 

organochlorines and mercury in eggs of seabirds from the Barents Sea. Environmental Pollution 

92(1): 13-18. 

Barrett, R.T., Skaare, J.U., Norheim, G., Vader, W., and Froslie, A. 1985. Persistent 

organochlorine and mercury in eggs of Norwegian seabirds 1983. Environmental Pollution, 

Series A. 39:79-93. 

Bignert, A., Litzén, K., Odsjö, T., Olsson, M., Persson, W., and Reutergårdh, L. 1995. Timerelated factors influence the concentrations of sDDT, PCBs and shell parameters in eggs of 

Baltic guillemot (Uria aalge), 1861-1989. Environmental Pollution 89:27-36. 

Braune, B.M., Donaldson, G.M., and Hobson, K.A. 2001. Contaminant residues in seabird eggs 

from the Canadian Arctic. Part I. Temporal trends 1975-1998. Environmental Pollution 114:39-

54. 

Braune, B.M., Donaldson, G.M., and Hobson, K.A. 2002. Contaminant residues in seabird eggs 

from the Canadian Arctic. II. Spatial trends and evidence from stable isotopes for intercolony 

differences. Environmental Pollution 117: 133-145. 

Braune, B.M., Wakeford, B., and Gaston, A. 1999. Contaminants in Arctic seabird eggs. 

Synopsis of Research Conducted Under the Northern Contaminants Program 1998-1999. 

Ottawa: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. pp. 77-80. 

Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. 2007. BSEF Legislative and Regulatory Activities. 

http://www.bsef.com/regulation/eu_legislation/index.php, Accessed 18 September 2007. 
51

Carlson, L.H. 1947. The first mining season at Nome, Alaska-1899. The Pacific Historical 

Review 16(2):163-175. 

Carscadden, W.A., Montevecchio, W.A., Davoren, G.K., and Nakashima, B.S. 2002. Trophic 

relationships among capelin (Mallotus villosus) and seabirds in a changing ecosystem. Journal of 

Marine Science 59:1027-1033. 

Christopher, S.J., Vander Pol, S.S., Pugh, R.S., Day, R.D., and Becker, P.R. 2002. Determination 

of mercury in the eggs of common murres (Uria aalge) for the seabird tissue archival and 

monitoring project. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 17:780-785. 

Coachman, L.K., Aagaard, K, and Tripp, R.B. 1975. Bering Strait, the regional physical 

oceanography. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. 172 pp. 

Cramp, S., Ed. 1985. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; 

Oxford University Press: New York, Vol. IV, p 170. 

Crecellus, E.A., Apts, C.W., and Lasorsa, B.K. 1990. Concentrations of metals in Norton Sound 

seawater samples and human hair samples, 1989. Report by Battelle/Marine Science Laboratory, 

Sequim, Washington, to the Minerals Management Service, Anchorage, Alaska (Agreement No. 

14-35-0004-60143). 29 pp. 

Day, R.D., Vander Pol, S.S, Christopher, S.J., Davis, W.C., Pugh, R.S., Simac, K.S., Roseneau, 

D.G., and Becker, P.R. 2006. Murre eggs (Uria aalge and Uria lomvia) as indicators of mercury 

contamination in the Alaskan marine environment. Environmental Science and Technology 

40:659-665. 

Eganhouse, R.P.and Gosset, R. W. 1991. Sources and magnitude of bias associated with 

determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples. Analytical Chemistry 

63:2130-2137. 

Ehrlich, P.R., Dobkin, D.S., and Wheye, D. 1988. The birder’s handbook: a field guide to the 

natural history of North American birds. Simon & Schuster Inc, New York, p 196. 

Elliott, J.E., Noble, D.G., Norstrom, R.J., and Whitehead, P.E. 1989. Organochlorine 

contaminants in seabird eggs from the Pacific coast of Canada, 1971-1986. Environmental 

Monitoring and Assessment 12(1): 67-82. 

Fimreite, N., Brun, E., Froslie, A., Frederichsen, P., and Gundersen, N. 1974. Mercury in eggs of 

Norwegian seabirds. Astarte 7:71-75. 

Gaston, A.J., and Hipfner, J.M. 2000. Thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 497. Poole, A., and Gill, F., Eds. The Birds of North America, Inc, Philadelphia, 

PA, p. 12. 
52

Gouin, T., and Wania, F. 2007. Time trends of Arctic contamination in relation to emission 

history and chemical persistence and partitioning properties. Environmental Science and 

Technology 41:5986-5992. 

Grigal, D.F. 2002. Inputs and outputs of mercury from terrestrial watersheds: a review. 

Environmental Review 10:1-39. 

Hall, A.S., Teeny, F.M., Lewis, L.G., Hardman, W.H., and Gauglitz, E.J., Jr. 1976a. Mercury in 

fish and shellfish of the northeast Pacific. I. Pacific Halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis. Fisheries 

Bulletin 74:783-789. 

Hall, A.S., Teeny, F.M., and Gauglitz, E.J., Jr. 1976b. Mercury in fish and shellfish of the 

northeast Pacific. II. Sablefish, Anaplopoma fimbria. Fisheries Bulletin 74:791-797. 

Harrison, E.S. 1905. Nome and Seward Peninsula. The Metropolitan Press, Seattle, Washington. 

392 pp. 

Hatch, S.A., Meyers, P.M., Mulcahy, D.M., and Douglas, D.C. 2000. Seasonal movements and 

pelagic habitat use of murres and puffins determined by satellite telemetry. Condor 154:102-145. 

Hoch, M. 2001. Organotin compounds in the environment — an overview. Applied 

Geochemistry 16(7-8):719-743. 

Iknokinok, S., and Georgette, S. 1997. St. Lawrence Island’s bounty of birds: More than 20,000 

birds caught by hunters in 1996: a summary of the St. Lawrence Island migratory bird harvest 

survey by Kawerak, Inc. and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

(http://www.state.ak.us/adfg/subsist/download/sliwfowl.pdf). 

Jack, L. and Martinez D. 2003. Design and field test a prototype for a PBT screening tool for a 

selected Alaska tribal subsistence food. Anchorage: The Alaska Sea Otter and Steller Sea Lion 

Commission, pp. 208. 

Jaffe, D. and Strode, S. 2008. Sources fate and transport of atmosphereic mercury from Asia. 

Environmental Chemistry 5:121-126. 

Jarman, W.M., Hobson, K.A., Sydeman, W.J., Bacon, C.E., and McLaren, E.B. 1996. Influence 

of trophic position and feeding location on contaminant levels in the Gulf of the Farallones food 

web revealed by stable isotope analysis. Environmental Science and Technology 30:654-660. 

Jörundsdóttir, H., Norström, K., Olsson, M., Pham-Tuan, H., Hühnerfuss, Bignert, A., and 

Bergman, Å. 2006. Temporal trend of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, methylsulfonyl-DDE and -

PCBs in Baltic guillemot Uria aalge egg 1971 - 2001 - A comparison to 4,4’-DDE and PCB 

trends. Environmental Pollution 141:226-237. 

Kaufman, K. 1996. Lives of North American Birds, Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY, p. 269. 
53

Kawano, M., Inoue, T, Wada, T., Hidaka, H., and Tatsukawa, R. 1988. Bioconcentration and 

residue patterns of chlordane compounds in marine animals: invertebrates, fish, mammals and 

seabirds. Environmental Science and Technology 22:792-797. 

Kucklick, J.R., Tuerk, K.J.S., Vander Pol, S.S., Schantz, M.M., and Wise, S.A. 2004. 

Polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners and toxaphene in selected marine Standard Reference 

Materials. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 378:1147-1151. 

Loseto, L.L., Lean, D.R., and Siciliano, S.D. 2004. Snowmelt sources of methylmercury to high 

arctic ecosystems. Environmental Science and Technology 38:3004-3010. 

Mason, R.P., Abbott, M.L., Bodaly, R.A., Bullock, O.R., Jr., Driscoll, C.T., Evers, D., Lindberg, 

S.E., Murray, M., and Swain E.B. 2005. Monitoring the response to changing mercury 

deposition. Environmental Science and Technology 39:14A-22A. 

Middaugh, J., Hlady, G.W., and Jenkerson, S.A. 1986. Nome arsenic and mercury health hazard 

and risk assessment, October-December, 1986. Report by the State of Alaska Department of 

Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Anchorage, Alaska, 15 December 1986. 

Miller, E.K., Vanarsdale, A., Keeler, G.J., Chalmers, A., Poissant, L., Kamman, N.C., and 

Brulotte, R. 2005. Estimation and mapping of wet and dry mercury deposition across 

northeastern North America. Ecotoxicology 14:53-70. 

Muir, D.C.G., and Norstrom, R.J. 2000. Geographical differences and time trends of persistent 

organic pollutants in the Arctic. Toxicology Letters 112-113:93-101. 

Norstrom, R.J., and Hebert, C.E. 2006. Comprehensive re-analysis of archived herring gull eggs 

reconstructs historical temporal trends in chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in Lake Ontario 

and Green Bay, Lake Michigan, 1971-1982. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8(8)835-847. 

Norstrom, R.J., Simon, M., Moisey, J., Wakeford, B., and Weseloh, D.V.C. 2002. Geographical 

distribution (2000) and temporal trends (1981-2000) of brominated diphenyl ethers in Great 

Lakes herring gull eggs. Environmental Science and Technology 36(22):4783 – 4789. 

Ohlendorf, H.M., Bartonek, J.C., Divoky, G.J., Klaas, E.E., and Krynitsky, A.J. 1982. 

Organochlorine residues in eggs of Alaskan seabirds. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and 

Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report-Wildlife No. 245, Washington, DC. 

Pagano, J.J., Smolen, M.J., and Sumner, G.M. 2003. Congener-specific PCB analysis of native 

foods from Nunivak and St. Lawrence Islands, Alaska. Organohalogen Compounds 60-65, 

Dioxin 2003: 23rd International Symposium on Halogenated Organic Pollutants and Persistent 

Organic Pollutants, August 24-29, 2003, Boston, Massachusetts, 4 pages.

Pastor, D., Jover, L. Ruiz, X., and Albaigés, J. 1995. Monitoirng organochlrine pollution in 

Audoin’s Gull eggs: the relevance of sampling procedures. Science of the Total Environment 

172:215-223.
54

Point, D., Davis, W.C., Alonso, J.I.G, Monperrus, M., Christopher, S.J., Donard,O.F.X., Becker, 

P.R., and WiseS.A. 2007a. Simultaneous determination of inorganic mercury, methylmercury, 

and total mercury concentrations in cryogenic fresh-frozen and freeze-dried biological reference 

materials. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 389:787-798. 

Point, D., Davis, W.C., Christopher, S.J., Ellisor, M.B., Pugh, R.S., Becker, P.R., Donard, 

O.F.X., Porter, B.J., and Wise, S.A. 2007b. Development and application of an ultratrace method 

for speciation of organotin compounds in cryogenically archived and homogenized biological 

materials. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 387:2343-2355. 

Roseneau, D.G., Chance, M.F., Chance, P.F., and Byrd, G. V. 2000. Monitoring seabird 

populations in areas of oil and gas development on the Alaskan continental shelf: Cape Lisburne 

and Cape Thompson seabird studies, 1995-1997. USGS/BRD/CR-1999-0002 Final Report. 

Sakata, M., and Marumoto, K. 2005. Wet and dry deposition fluxes of mercury in Japan. 

Atmospheric Environment 39:3139-3146. 

Sellström, U., Bignert, A., Kierkegaard, A., Häggberg, L., de Wit, C.A., Olsson, M., and 

Jansson, B. 2003. Temporal trend studies on Tetra- and Pentabrominated Diphenyl Ethers and 

Hexabromocyclododecane in guillemot eggs from the Baltic Sea. Environmental Science and 

Technology 37:5496-5501. 

Speich, S.M., Calambokidas, J., Shea, D.W., Peard, J., Witter, M., and Fry, D.M. 1992. Eggshell 

thinning and organochlorine contaminants in western Washington waterbirds. Colonial 

Waterbirds 15(1):103-112. 

Springer, A.M., Murphy, E.C., Roseneau, D.G., McRoy, P., and Cooper, B.A. 1987. The paradox 

of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea-I. Seabird food habits. Continental Shelf 

Research 7(8):895-911. 

Springer, A.M., Roseneau, D.G., Lloyd, D.S., McRoy, C.P., and Murphy, E.C. 1986. Seabird 

responses to fluctuating prey availability in the eastern Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress 

Series 32:1-12. 

Springer, A.M., Roseneau, D.G., Murphy, E.C., and Springer, M.I. 1984. Environmental controls 

of marine food webs: food habits of seabirds in the Easter Chukchi Sea. Canadian Journal of 

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41(8):1202-1215. 

Stabeno, P.J., Bond N.A., Hermann, A.J., Kachel, N.B., Mordy, C.W., and Overland, J.E. 2004. 

Meteorology and oceanography of the northern Gulf of Alaska. Continental Shelf Research 

24:859-987. 

Swartz, L.G. 1966. Sea-cliff birds. Pp. 611-678 in N.J. Wilimovsky and J.N. Wolfe (eds.), Environment 

of the Cape Thompson region, Alaska. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Div. of Tech. Information 

Extension, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 1,250pp. [Available as two paperback volumes (Books 1 and 2) from 

the Natl. Tech. Information Serv., Dept. of Comm., Springfield, Virginia 22161.] 
55

Swartz, L.G. 1967. Distribution and movements of seabirds in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Pacific 

Science 21:332-347. 

Sydeman, W.J., and Jarman, W.M.1998. Trace metals in seabirds, Steller sea lion, and forage 

fish and zooplankton from central California. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:828-832. 

Tanabe, S., Prudente, M., Mizuno, T., Hasegawa, J., Iwata, H., and Miyazaki, N. 1998. Butyltin 

contamination in marine mammals from North Pacific and Asian coastal waters. Environmental 

Science and Technology 32(2):193 -198. 

Tittlemier, S.A., and Norstrom R.J. 2004. HDBPs, biomagnifying natural POPs: Identification, 

bioaccumulation, global distribution and toxicity. Proceedings of the 1st International 

Symposium on Environmental Behavior and Ecological Impacts of Persistent Toxic Substances, 

March 18-19, 2004, Matsuyama, Japan, Ehime University, Center for Marine Environmental 

Studies, pp. 80-86. 

Tuck, L.M. 1960. The murres: their distribution, populations and biology – a study of the genus 

Uria. Canadian Wildlife Monograph Series No. 1 260 pp. 

Turle, R., Norstrom, R.J., and Collins, B. 1991. Comparison of PCB quantitation methods: reanalysis of archived specimens of herring gull eggs from the Great Lakes. Chemosphere 22:201-

213. 

Uenoa, D. inouea, S. Takahashia, S., Ikedab, K., Tanakab, H., Subramanianc, A.N., Fillmannd, 

G., Lame, P.K.S., Zhenge, J., Muchtarf, M., Prudenteg, M., Chungh, K. and Tanabe, S. 2004. 

Global pollution monitoring of butyltin compounds using skipjack tuna as a bioindicator. 

Environmental Pollution 127(1):1-12 

U.S.EPA. 2000. Mercury transport and fate in watersheds. Star Report, National Center for 

Environmental Research, E.S. EPA, Washington, DC 4:1-8 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Digest of Federal Resource Laws of Interest to the U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service: Organotin Antifouling Paint Control. 

http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/ORGANON.HTML 

Vander Pol, S.S, Becker, P.B., Ellisor, M.B., Moors, A.J., Pugh, R.S., and Roseneau, D.G. 2009. 

Monitoring organic contaminants in eggs of glaucous and glaucous-winged gulls (Larus 

hyperboreus and L. glaucescens) from Alaska. Environmental Pollution 157: 755-766. 

Vander Pol, S.S., Becker, P.R., Kucklick, J.R., Pugh, R.S., Roseneau, D.G., and Simac, K.S. 

2004. Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs: geographical, species, and 

temporal comparisons. Environmental Science and Technology 38:1305-1312. 

Vander Pol, S.S., Christopher, S.J., Roseneau, D.G., Becker, P.R., Day. R.D., Kucklick, J.R., 

Pugh R.S., Simac, K.S., and York, G. W. 2003. Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project: 
56

egg collections and analytical results for 1999-2002. National Institute of Standards and 

Technology, NISTIR 7029, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 79 pp. 

Vander Pol S.S., Ellisor, M.B., Pugh, R.S., Becker, P.R., Poster, D.L., Schantz, M.M., Leigh, 

S.D., Wakeford, B.J., Roseneau, D.G., and Simac, K.S. 2007. Development of a murre (Uria

spp.) egg control material. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 387: 2357-2363. 

Verreault, J., Letcher, R.J., Muir, D.C.G., Chu, S., Gebbink, W.A., and Gabrielsen, G.W. 2005 

New organochlorine contaminants and metabolites in plasma and eggs of glaucous gulls (Larus 

hyperboreus) from the Norwegian Arctic. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24(10): 

2486-2499. 

Verreault, J., Villa, R.A., Gabrielsen, G.W., Skaare, J.U., and Letcher, R.J. 2006. Maternal 

transfer of organohalogen contaminants and metabolites to eggs of Arctic-breeding glaucous 

gulls. Environmental Pollution 144(3): 1053-1060. 

Wakeford, B.J., and Kasserra, M.T. 1997. The relationship between the Canadian Wildlife 

Service Specimen Bank and the Wildlife Toxicology Program: the effect on specimen collection. 

Chemosphere 34(9/10):1933-1938. 

Wania, F. and Mackay, D. 1996. Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants: 

Control strategies for these contaminants will require a better understanding of how they move 

around the globe. Environmental Science and Technology 30(9): 390A-396A. 

York, G. W., Porter, B.J., Pugh, R.S., Roseneau, D.G., Simac, K.S., Becker, P.R., Thorsteinson, 

L.K., and Wise, S.A. 2001. Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project: protocol for 

collecting and banking seabird eggs. National Institute of Standards and Technology, NISTIR 

6735, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 23 pp. 

Zeisler, R., Langland, J.K., and Harrison, S.H. 1983. Cryogenic homogenization of biological 

tissues. Analytical Chemistry 55:2431-2434.
57

Appendix 1. Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridaunidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed murre (U. lom

glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Emb

112 ST04E112C BLUF01COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 105.78 89.47 

113 ST04E113C BLUF02COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 111.39 83.87 114 ST04E114C BLUF03COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 118.89 101.00 115 ST04E115C BLUF04COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 103.85 86.59 116 ST04E116C BLUF05COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 113.47 96.30 117 ST04E117C BLUF06COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 100.54 82.77 118 ST04E118C BLUF07COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 111.92 95.29 119 ST04E119C BLUF08COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 124.74 103.49 120 ST04E120C BLUF09COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 109.58 92.76 121 ST04E121C BLUF10COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 117.80 56.07 122 ST04E122C BLUF11COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 106.59 87.82 123 ST04E123C STGE01TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 111.83 95.99 124 ST04E124C STGE02TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 100.29 85.15 125 ST04E125C STGE03TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 112.12 93.58 126 ST04E126C STGE04TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 90.89 79.78 127 ST04E127C STGE05TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 109.89 97.34 128 ST04E128C STGE06TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 116.28 99.67 129 ST04E129C STGE07TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 121.90 104.57 130 ST04E130C STGE08TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 112.53 77.43 131 ST04E131C STGE09TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 101.01 87.97 132 ST04E132C STGE11TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 2-Jul-02 95.75 81.32 133 ST04E133C STLA01TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 107.90 87.04 134 ST04E134C STLA02TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 110.14 91.55 135 ST04E135C STLA03TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 132.46 113.20 136 ST04E136C STLA04TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 115.40 97.01 137 ST04E137C STLA05TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 122.23 101.90 138 ST04E138C STLA06TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 106.11 93.47 139 ST04E139C STLA08TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 109.28 91.38 140 ST04E140C STLA09TBMU02 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 6-Jul-02 105.93 87.65 141 ST04E141C STGE01BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 11-Jul-02 46.91 40.93 142 ST04E142C STGE02BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 11-Jul-02 44.12 40.60 143 ST04E143C STGE03BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 11-Jul-02 49.78 

STGE03BLKI02B 49.71 

144 ST04E144C STGE04BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 11-Jul-02 48.80 

STGE04BLKI02B 49.52 

145 ST04E145C STGE05BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 49.41 

STGE05BLKI02B 45.74 

146 ST04E146C STGE06BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 47.72 

STGE06BLKI02B 48.95 

147 ST04E147C STGE07BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 54.39 

STGE07BLKI02B 54.90 

148 ST04E148C STGE08BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 55.71 50.06 

149 ST04E149C STGE09BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 59.85 

STGE09BLKI02B 63.66 

ID Mass (g)

78.9089.3590.1783.8598.15

112.46
58

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell 

150 ST04E150C STGE10BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 52.97 3.68 

STGE10BLKI02B 60.52 3.69 

151 ST04E151C STGE11BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 50.97 not measured 

STGE11BLKI02B 50.59 not measured 

152 ST04E152C STGE12BLKI02A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 13-Jul-02 59.23 3.57 

STGE12BLKI02B 54.33 2.91 

153 ST04E153C BLUF01BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 47.62 42.97 2.77 

154 AT04E154C BLUF02BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 50.88 45.66 3.00 155 ST04E155C BLUF04BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 48.68 41.57 3.28 156 ST04E156C BLUF05BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 53.41 46.61 3.29 157 ST04E157C BLUF06BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 51.74 46.20 3.12 158 ST04E158C BLUF07BLKI02 BLKI Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 18-Jun-02 57.28 51.61 3.43 159 ST04E159C MIDD01BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 44.96 39.90 2.94 160 ST04E160C MIDD02BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 45.15 2.96 

MIDD02BLKI02B 42.05 2.87 

161 ST04E161C MIDD03BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 47.37 43.06 3.25 162 ST04E162C MIDD04BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 58.82 53.26 3.14 163 ST04E163C MIDD05BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 46.99 3.64 

MIDD05BLKI02B 47.83 3.07 

164 ST04E164C MIDD06BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 46.03 3.97 

MIDD06BLKI02B 51.24 3.28 

165 ST04E165C MIDD07BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 42.16 38.67 2.63 166 ST04E166C MIDD08BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 48.90 43.69 3.27 167 ST04E167C MIDD09BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 50.41 2.91 

MIDD09BLKI02B 51.83 3.12 

168 ST04E168C MIDD10BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 44.50 3.24 

MIDD10BLKI02B 40.19 2.99 

169 ST04E169C MIDD11BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 48.82 3.11 

MIDD11BLKI02B 46.68 3.23 

170 ST04E170C MIDD12BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 5-Jun-02 50.38 44.91 3.03 171 ST04E171C SHBY01BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 42.79 39.61 3.08 172 ST04E172C SHBY02BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 53.55 3.31 

SHBY02BLKI02B 51.73 3.29 

173 ST04E173C SHBY04BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 48.95 42.07 3.50 

174 ST04E174C SHBY05BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 50.44 3.49 

SHBY05BLKI02B 43.78 3.00 

175 ST04E175C SHBY06BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 50.78 46.01 3.38 

176 ST04E176C SHBY07BLKI02B BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 42.56 38.75 2.79 177 ST04E177C SHBY08BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 52.17 46.86 3.36 178 ST04E178C SHBY10BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 50.47 44.22 3.83 179 ST04E179C SHBY11BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 14-Jun-02 53.00 47.55 3.23 180 ST04E180C CLIS01TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 99.03 82.72 13.00 

181 ST04E181C CLIS02TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 99.56 85.57 11.17 182 ST04E182C CLIS03TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 104.01 88.62 12.31 

ID Mass (g)

83.7994.9775.1584.5593.5486.9281.4777.58

101.78

92.27

100.08
59

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Length 

183 ST04E183C CLIS04TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 113.33 95.64 14.63 8.19 

184 ST04E184C CLIS06TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 104.03 89.76 11.27 7.92 185 ST04E185C CLIS07TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 105.93 90.29 13.07 8.08 186 ST04E186C CLIS08TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 94.67 78.91 12.41 7.22 187 ST04E187C CLIS09TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 121.22 101.42 13.14 8.47 188 ST04E188C CLIS12TBMU02 TBMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 7-Jul-02 98.06 84.92 11.06 7.71 189 ST04E189C STLW01COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-02 102.55 84.76 11.01 8.03 

190 ST04E190C STLW02COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-02 110.94 89.20 14.22 7.98 191 ST04E191C STLW03COMU02 COMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-02 108.54 79.67 12.61 7.82 192 ST04E192C STLW02TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 116.68 99.35 12.96 7.98 193 ST04E193C STLW03TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 not measured 91.21 11.51 7.56 

194 ST04E194C STLW06TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 113.42 88.31 15.94 8.27 

195 ST04E195C STLW08TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 102.36 82.70 11.91 7.66 196 ST04E196C STLW09TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 117.96 100.09 14.13 8.37 197 ST04E197C STLW10TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 109.55 88.90 13.01 8.05 198 ST04E198C STLW11TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 136.57 115.41 14.95 8.91 199 ST04E199C STLW12TBMU02 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 20-Jun-02 118.49 99.27 11.65 8.14 200 ST04E200C CHBY02BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 60.26 43.45 3.04 not meas

201 ST04E201C CHBY03BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 55.31 49.78 3.12 5.83 

202 ST04E202C CHBY04BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 51.73 44.05 3.28 5.40 203 ST04E203C CHBY05BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 44.67 39.65 2.71 5.57 204 ST04E204C CHBY06BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 53.41 47.87 3.29 5.97 205 ST04E205C CHBY08BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 47.96 2.81 5.58 

CHBY08BLKI02B 47.94 2.76 5.31 

206 ST04E206C CHBY11BLKI02 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 51.44 46.60 2.96 6.01 

207 ST04E207C CHBY12BLKI02A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 22-Jun-02 51.98 3.76 5.86 

CHBY12BLKI02B 53.46 3.35 5.90 

208 ST04E208C CTOM02COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 107.49 89.77 13.05 8.08 

209 ST04E209C CTOM04COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 117.93 99.90 15.07 8.03 210 ST04E210C CTOM05COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 91.13 75.76 10.98 7.34 211 ST04E211C CTOM06COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 103.59 89.05 12.20 8.37 212 ST04E212C CTOM08COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 104.09 89.51 11.99 8.14 213 ST04E213C CTOM10COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 110.10 92.21 13.83 8.38 214 ST04E214C CTOM11COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 99.29 84.48 11.00 7.72 215 ST04E215C CTOM12COMU02 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 12-Jul-02 102.54 88.22 11.88 7.84 216 ST04E216C EAAM01COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 93.78 77.62 12.51 7.78 217 ST04E217C EAAM02COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 106.80 88.28 14.52 7.98 218 ST04E218C EAAM03COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 106.72 89.74 11.92 8.33 219 ST04E219C EAAM06COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 100.30 67.05 13.92 8.10 220 ST04E220C EAAM07COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 100.01 82.80 13.60 8.30 221 ST04E221C EAAM12COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 not measured 83.69 13.01 8.20 

222 ST04E222C EAAM13COMU02 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 31-Jul-02 80.62 62.99 11.48 7.51 

223 ST05E223C SHBY01BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 45.29 2.86 5.51 

SHBY01BLKI03B 46.15 3.06 5.48 

83.11

ID Mass (g)

86.4989.60
60

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Lengt

224 ST05E224C SHBY02BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 57.85 3.36 5.

SHBY02BLKI03B 59.43 3.58 6.

225 ST05E225C SHBY03BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 48.07 2.89 5.

SHBY03BLKI03B 59.89 2.92 5.

226 ST05E226C SHBY04BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 47.06 3.20 5.

SHBY04BLKI03B 47.56 3.32 5.

227 ST05E227C SHBY05BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 47.18 3.49 5.

SHBY05BLKI03B 46.35 3.15 5.

228 ST05E228C SHBY06BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 46.40 3.19 5.

SHBY06BLKI03B 42.91 3.05 5.

229 ST05E229C SHBY07BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 46.39 2.97 5.

SHBY07BLKI03B 46.56 2.79 5.

230 ST05E230C SHBY08BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 45.77 2.93 6.

SHBY08BLKI03B 46.66 2.84 5.

231 ST05E231C SHBY09BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 37.47 2.39 5.

SHBY09BLKI03B 38.78 2.35 5.

232 ST05E232C SHBY10BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 46.85 42.51 3.17 5.

SHBY10BLKI03B 44.68 39.79 3.29 5.

233 ST05E233C SHBY11BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 44.11 2.68 5.

SHBY11BLKI03B 44.58 2.70 5.

234 ST05E234C SHBY12BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Shoup Bay 61o07.54'N 146o35.02'W 12-Jun-03 47.16 3.16 5.

SHBY12BLKI03B 49.57 3.30 5.

235 ST05E235C CHBY01BLKI03 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 47.09 42.50 3.19 5.

236 ST05E236C CHBY02BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 49.76 2.90 5.

CHBY02BLKI03B 52.68 3.09 5.

237 ST05E237C CHBY03DLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 47.74 1.04 2.84 5.

CHBY03DLKI03B 51.73 2.58 3.08 5.

238 ST05E238C CHBY04BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 49.32 3.12 5.

CHBY04BLKI03B 49.03 3.02 5.

239 ST05E239C CHBY05BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 52.55 3.03 2.

CHBY05BLKI03B 47.96 2.95 5.

240 ST05E240C CHBY06BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 53.83 1.03 3.51 5.

CHBY06BLKI03B 54.93 3.49 5.

241 ST05E241C CHBY07BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 58.83 3.36 5.

CHBY07BLKI03B 58.96 3.40 5.

242 ST05E242C CHBY08BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 51.39 3.33 5.

CHBY08BLKI03B 51.98 3.38 5.

243 ST05E243C CHBY09BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 44.43 3.84 2.52 5.

CHBY09BLKI03B 44.34 2.60 2.71 5.

244 ST05E244C CHBY10BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 47.16 2.59 2.79 5.

CHBY10BLKI03B 47.43 1.56 2.74 5.

245 ST05E245C CHBY11BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 49.96 3.07 5.

CHBY11BLKI03B 53.67 3.17 5.

246 ST05E246C CHBY12BLKI03 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Kodiak I. 57o42.47'N 152o21.21'W 24-Jun-03 46.32 42.27 2.95 5.

247 ST05E247C BLUF01COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 101.90 87.62 not measured 7.248 ST05E248C BLUF02COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 100.11 84.38 not measured 7.249 ST05E249C BLUF03COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 111.94 93.88 14.20 8.

ID Mass (g)

89.9683.2095.0893.9474.7280.9987.9098.09

108.17

94.2987.9789.5492.2569.9785.0285.1581.3284.7785.90

108.89
61

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Lengt

250 ST05E250C BLUF04COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 113.31 94.71 15.80 8.

251 ST05E251C BLUF05COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 106.93 89.50 14.72 8.252 ST05E252C BLUF06COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 120.64 101.35 16.12 8.253 ST05E253C BLUF07COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 112.68 94.53 14.77 8.254 ST05E254C BLUF08COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 104.83 90.30 not measured 8.255 ST05E255C BLUF09COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 128.76 108.87 16.36 8.256 ST05E256C BLUF10COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 117.23 98.98 14.85 8.257 ST05E257C BLUF11COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 109.96 91.61 15.15 7.258 ST05E258C BLUF12COMU03 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 14-Jun-03 126.16 106.37 16.18 8.259 ST05E259C STGE01BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 49.18 44.84 3.02 5.260 ST05E260C STGE02BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 53.92 49.12 3.44 5.261 ST05E261C STGE03BLKI03A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 51.67 3.15 6.

STGE03BLKI03B 49.51 2.92 5.

262 ST05E262C STGE04BLKI03A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 54.49 3.40 6.

STGE04BLKI03B 53.34 3.17 6.

263 ST05E263C STGE05BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 58.03 53.30 3.38 5.

264 ST05E264C STGE06BLKI03A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 44.32 2.68 5.

STGE06BLKI03B 46.96 2.56 5.

265 ST05E265C STGE07BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 54.81 50.45 2.83 6.

266 ST05E266C STGE08BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 55.06 50.08 3.48 5.267 ST05E267C STGE09BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 59.84 55.30 3.31 6.268 ST05E268C STGE10BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 58.50 53.39 3.85 5.269 ST05E269C STGE11BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 51.28 46.98 3.04 6.270 ST05E270C STGE12BLKI03A BLKI Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 19-Jun-03 52.33 2.70 5.

STGE12BLKI03B 49.31 2.75 5.

271 ST05E271C STLW01TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 127.64 109.79 14.75 8.

272 ST05E272C STLW02TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 125.24 107.80 14.26 8.273 ST05E273C STLW03TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 132.33 111.96 16.78 8.274 ST05E274C STLW04TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 129.94 110.79 15.63 8.275 ST05E275C STLW06TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 13.13 98.01 12.40 8.276 ST05E276C STLW07TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 104.44 89.22 12.50 8.277 ST05E277C STLW08TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 110.68 93.74 13.55 8.278 ST05E278C STLW09TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 109.18 92.49 13.52 8.279 ST05E279C STLW10TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 128.16 107.65 16.49 8.280 ST05E280C STLW11TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 85.65 73.76 9.34 7.281 ST05E281C STLW12TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 106.06 91.39 10.91 8.282 ST05E282C STLW13TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 112.01 95.65 13.08 8.283 ST05E283C STLW14TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 89.93 76.61 10.39 7.284 ST05E284C STLW15TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, St. Lawrence I. 63o40.01'N 170o15.27'W 22-Jun-03 95.35 81.62 10.42 7.285 ST05E285C MIDD01BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 51.15 3.08 5.

MIDD01BLKI03B 46.11 2.62 5.

286 ST05E286C MIDD02BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 49.73 8.59 3.07 5.

MIDD02BLKI03B 51.81 13.50 3.14 5.

287 ST05E287C MIDD03BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 52.94 3.35 5.

MIDD03BLKI03B 51.21 3.15 5.

ID Mass (g)

75.6295.1489.3193.5680.4298.6593.33
62

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Length 

288 ST05E288C MIDD04BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 55.31 2.92 5.71 

MIDD04BLKI03B 51.55 3.23 5.51 

289 ST05E289C MIDD05BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 51.17 3.33 5.93 

MIDD05BLKI03B 49.08 3.11 5.66 

290 ST05E290C MIDD06BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 53.89 3.45 5.85 

MIDD06BLKI03B 51.47 3.30 5.92 

291 ST05E291C MIDD07BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 53.12 3.44 5.66 

MIDD07BLKI03B 54.53 3.48 5.57 

292 ST05E292C MIDD08BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 49.43 2.91 3.18 5.44 

MIDD08BLKI03B 50.30 3.22 5.69 

293 ST05E293C MIDD09BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 54.10 6.14 3.52 5.52 

MIDD09BLKI03B 54.98 3.00 3.45 5.57 

294 ST05E294C MIDD10BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 48.83 3.18 5.73 

MIDD10BLKI03B 46.77 2.93 5.70 

295 ST05E295C MIDD11BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 47.93 2.92 5.33 

MIDD11BLKI03B 45.51 2.78 5.49 

296 ST05E296C MIDD12BLKI03A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 52.84 3.24 5.90 

MIDD12BLKI03B 51.46 3.10 5.87 

297 ST05E297C STLA01COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 126.90 107.43 16.18 8.46 

298 ST05E298C STLA02COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 119.42 103.46 12.75 8.62 299 ST05E299C STLA03COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 106.83 92.99 11.19 8.23 300 ST05E300C STLA04COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 119.49 101.12 15.30 8.51 301 ST05E301C STLA05COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 124.14 105.05 16.25 8.74 302 ST05E302C STLA06COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 95.19 82.72 10.71 7.70 303 ST05E303C STLA07COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 111.35 94.13 14.63 8.20 304 ST05E304C STLA08COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 115.29 98.00 14.00 8.38 305 ST05E305C STLA09COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 128.02 109.77 15.14 8.79 306 ST05E306C STLA10COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 4-Jul-03 123.78 105.99 15.19 8.50 307 ST05E307C MIDD01COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 125.39 107.06 15.12 8.47 

308 ST05E308C MIDD02COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 108.75 93.56 12.59 8.04 309 ST05E309C MIDD03COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 130.86 111.67 15.53 8.81 310 ST05E310C MIDD04COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 111.21 93.34 14.54 8.09 311 ST05E311C MIDD05COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 110.20 93.01 14.14 8.70 312 ST05E312C MIDD06COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 117.44 99.48 14.90 8.95 313 ST05E313C MIDD07COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 112.76 95.48 12.99 8.21 314 ST05E314C MIDD08COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 112.70 94.41 14.36 8.28 315 ST05E315C MIDD09COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 110.70 94.08 13.90 8.35 316 ST05E316C MIDD10COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 128.16 108.00 16.47 8.84 317 ST05E317C MIDD11COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 103.00 87.37 12.49 7.69 318 ST05E318C MIDD12COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 117.03 99.14 14.34 8.62 319 ST05E319C MIDD13COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 125.95 107.34 15.07 9.00 320 ST05E320C MIDD14COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 122.22 103.30 14.73 8.72 321 ST05E321C MIDD15COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 12-Jun-03 112.87 95.49 14.24 8.43 322 ST05E322C EAAM13COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 97.98 46.66 29.28 13.05 8.03 

323 ST05E323C EAAM14COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 97.55 72.31 12.13 7.66 

96.6098.5588.5698.3091.0691.0387.1285.0295.56

ID Mass (g)
63

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Lengt

324 ST05E324C EAAM01COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 109.77 62.12 35.62 12.41 8.

325 ST05E325C EAAM02COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 106.37 90.12 12.57 8.326 ST05E326C EAAM03COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 105.05 71.02 12.98 8.327 ST05E327C EAAM04COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 113.63 94.96 14.39 8.328 ST05E328C EAAM05COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 114.76 92.68 12.20 8.329 ST05E329C EAAM06COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 106.30 62.00 14.24 13.81 8.330 ST05E330C EAAM07COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 110.24 82.77 9.56 13.95 8.331 ST05E331C EAAM08COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 107.17 91.14 11.13 8.332 ST05E332C EAAM09COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 110.47 78.09 14.82 13.88 7.333 ST05E333C EAAM10COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 102.58 79.86 5.21 12.55 8.334 ST05E334C EAAM11COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 106.57 84.28 13.26 8.335 ST05E335C EAAM12COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 108.69 92.13 12.36 8.336 ST05E336C EAAM15COMU03 COMU Gulf of Alaska, East Amatuli I. 58o55.05'N 152o00.21'W 3-Aug-03 102.20 86.68 12.15 8.337 ST05E337C BULD09TBMU03 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 18-Jun-03 101.75 86.89 10.79 7.

338 ST05E338C BULD01BLKI03A BLKI Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 18-Jun-03 47.44 41.51 2.62 5.

BULD01BLKI03B 52.76 46.12 3.03 6.

339 ST05E339C BULD02BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 18-Jun-03 56.72 50.78 3.14 5.

340 ST05E340C BULD05BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 18-Jun-03 50.36 20.14 25.42 3.34 5.341 ST05E341C BULD08BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 19-Jun-03 45.69 39.53 2.74 5.342 ST05E342C BULD09BLKI03 BLKI Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 19-Jun-03 50.53 45.53 2.87 5.343 ST06E343C SAFE01GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 1-Jun-04 114.05 96.61 8.69 8.344 ST06E344C SAFE02GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 1-Jun-04 100.31 80.52 6.10 7.345 ST06E345C SAFE03GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 1-Jun-04 101.32 89.45 7.23 7.346 ST06E346C SAFE04GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 108.21 94.15 7.13 8.347 ST06E347C SAFE05GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 102.13 88.08 7.10 7.348 ST06E348C SAFE06GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 103.06 88.16 6.81 7.349 ST06E349C SAFE07GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 91.26 79.41 6.54 7.350 ST06E350C SAFE08GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 99.10 80.51 7.42 7.351 ST06E351C SAFE09GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 115.35 98.58 8.30 7.352 ST06E352C SAFE10GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 105.84 92.37 6.94 7.353 ST06E353C SAFE11GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 111.68 99.56 7.08 7.354 ST06E354C SAFE12GLGU04 GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 3-Jun-04 98.60 84.40 7.65 83355 ST06E355C TOGI01GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 94.01 82.35 7.30 7.

TOGI01GWGU04B 99.34 83.81 7.62 7.

356 ST06E356C TOGI02GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 96.34 85.41 6.69 7.

TOGI02GWGU04B 88.52 74.15 not measured 7.

357 ST06E357C TOGI03GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 96.92 85.71 6.85 7.

TOGI03GWGU04B 94.77 84.20 6.67 6.

358 ST06E358C TOGI04GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 91.27 73.93 7.14 7.

TOGI04GWGU04B 104.06 91.79 7.72 8.

359 ST06E359C TOGI05GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 102.44 90.74 7.95 7.

TOGI05GWGU04B 97.46 84.96 7.40 7.

360 ST06E360C TOGI06GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 114.45 102.30 6.97 7.

TOGI06GWGU04B 103.29 93.51 7.00 7.

361 ST06E361C TOGI07GWGU04 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 104.78 91.20 7.28 7.

ID Mass (g)
64

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell 

362 ST06E362C TOGI08GWGU04 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 91.09 78.59 6.32 

363 ST06E363C TOGI09GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 97.42 79.60 not measured 

TOGI09GWGU04B 98.46 85.68 7.61 

364 ST06E364C TOGI10GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 110.84 97.00 8.18 

TOGI10GWGU04B 91.00 81.10 6.45 

365 ST06E365C TOGI11GWGU04A GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 98.82 86.92 6.73 

TOGI11GWGU04B 97.82 86.59 7.00 

366 ST06E366C TOGI12GWGU04B GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 not measured 50.05 6.01 

TOGI12GWGU04C 95.37 84.85 6.68 

367 ST06E367C TOGI13GWGU04 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 29-May-04 104.11 91.67 6.84 368 ST06E368C CDEN01COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 106.22 88.35 14.06 

369 ST06E369C CDEN02COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 117.41 100.45 13.12 370 ST06E370C CDEN03COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 116.11 97.00 15.39 371 ST06E371C CDEN04COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 129.70 102.94 16.21 372 ST06E372C CDEN05COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 116.90 97.99 15.49 373 ST06E373C CDEN06COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 120.46 101.77 14.94 374 ST06E374C CDEN07COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 116.53 95.44 16.20 375 ST06E375C CDEN08COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 116.84 97.64 15.47 376 ST06E376C CDEN09COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 104.65 86.56 14.80 377 ST06E377C CDEN10COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 127.26 108.55 14.60 378 ST06E378C CDEN11COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 128.51 103.66 16.54 379 ST06E379C CDEN12COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 114.14 95.92 14.82 380 ST06E380C CDEN13COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 116.67 97.63 15.69 381 ST06E381C CDEN14COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 124.11 103.50 16.15 382 ST06E382C CDEN15COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 12-Jun-04 124.27 105.08 14.90 383 ST06E383C STLA01GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 10-Jun-04 93.93 76.56 7.37 6.40 

STLA01GWGU04B 93.74 68.89 13.67 6.98 

384 ST06E384C STLA02GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 10-Jun-04 87.97 74.66 6.47 

STLA02GWGU04B 84.35 74.87 6.00 

385 ST06E385C STLA03GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 10-Jun-04 88.64 74.17 5.80 

STLA03GWGU04B 88.83 77.75 5.80 

386 ST06E386C STLA04GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 10-Jun-04 80.20 69.60 5.92 

STLA04GWGU04B 80.57 69.77 5.52 

387 ST06E387C STLA05GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 10-Jun-04 73.87 60.75 not measured 

STLA05GWGU04B 92.51 82.61 6.33 

388 ST06E388C STLA06GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 10-Jun-04 125.96 111.95 8.18 

STLA06GWGU04B 121.91 108.64 8.27 

389 ST06E389C NUNI01GLGU04A GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 102.99 86.92 7.82 

NUNI01GLGU04B 106.37 86.85 7.34 

390 ST06E390C NUNI02GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 87.04 66.38 7.44 

391 ST06E391C NUNI03GLGU04A GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 31-May-04 107.38 91.10 7.30 

NUNI03GLGU04B 102.29 89.14 7.75 

392 ST06E392C NUNI04GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 106.29 95.14 7.73 

393 ST06E393C NUNI05GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 114.17 98.85 8.20 394 ST06E394C NUNI06GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 101.44 89.31 6.80 395 ST06E395C NUNI07GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 95.89 57.74 26.68 7.20 

ID Mass (g)
65

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Le

396 ST06E396C NUNI08GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 101.38 82.74 7.48 

397 ST06E397C NUNI10GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 111.34 88.16 7.57 398 ST06E398C NUNI12GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 92.27 77.33 7.76 399 ST06E399C NUNI13GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 103.37 87.36 6.86 400 ST06E400C NUNI14GLGU04A GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 101.91 88.62 7.53 

NUNI14GLGU04B 91.85 79.99 6.41 

401 ST06E401C NUNI15GLGU04A GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 91.95 82.65 6.38 

NUNI15GLGU04B 96.60 86.72 5.95 

402 ST06E402C NUNI16GLGU04A GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 108.13 95.31 7.93 

NUNI16GLGU04B 109.56 96.25 7.50 

403 ST06E403C NUNI17GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 103.05 90.04 6.76 404 ST06E404C NUNI09GLGU04 GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 104.69 92.36 7.56 405 ST06E405C NUNI18GLGU04A GLGU Bering Sea, Triangle Island 60o20.58'N 165o45.20'W 30-May-04 99.88 86.79 7.45 

NUNI18GLGU04B 98.11 85.06 8.14 

406 ST06E406C STGE01COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 118.51 101.58 13.54 

407 ST06E407C STGE02COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 102.94 88.86 11.05 408 ST06E408C STGE03COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 105.75 89.14 13.34 409 ST06E409C STGE04COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 113.71 65.05 28.21 13.90 410 ST06E410C STGE05COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 113.70 96.08 14.09 411 ST06E411C STGE06COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 117.25 99.30 14.34 412 ST06E412C STGE07COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 101.74 85.20 13.61 413 ST06E413C STGE08COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 109.72 93.32 12.54 414 ST06E414C STGE09COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 115.37 96.77 15.18 415 ST06E415C STGE10COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 104.18 87.57 13.52 416 ST06E416C STGE11COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 108.09 91.10 13.54 417 ST06E417C STGE12COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 102.92 50.36 10.51 418 ST06E418C STGE13COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 112.04 94.62 13.65 419 ST06E419C STGE14COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 107.69 91.12 13.65 420 ST06E420C STGE15COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 27-Jun-04 104.45 87.79 13.15 421 ST06E421C MIDD01GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 8-Jun-04 88.11 78.99 not measured 

MIDD01GWGU04B 77.00 68.58 not measured 

MIDD01GWGU04C 77.37 66.36 not measured 

422 ST06E422C MIDD02GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 8-Jun-04 83.83 26.57 47.61 not measured 

MIDD02GWGU04B 87.96 33.91 42.71 not measured 

MIDD02GWGU04C 84.59 72.49 6.87 

423 ST06E423C MIDD03GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 8-Jun-04 106.96 88.36 7.66 7.44 

MIDD03GWGU04B 99.30 89.63 6.89 

MIDD03GWGU04C 96.61 87.65 6.73 

424 ST06E424C MIDD01BLKI04 BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 44.31 34.34 3.80 425 ST06E425C MIDD02BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 51.69 12.25 40.55 3.26 

MIDD02BLKI04B 49.70 22.98 17.89 3.79 

426 ST06E426C MIDD03BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 55.00 46.39 3.42 

MIDD03BLKI04B 50.33 41.79 3.49 

427 ST06E427C MIDD04BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 48.64 29.15 14.05 3.21 

MIDD04BLKI04B 47.64 40.52 3.48 

ID Mass (g)
66

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Le

428 ST06E428C MIDD05BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 51.30 45.83 not measured 

MIDD05BLKI04B 50.15 43.38 2.84 

429 ST06E429C MIDD06BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 51.95 46.64 2.86 

MIDD06BLKI04B 50.63 44.47 2.94 

430 ST06E430C MIDD07BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 48.63 43.43 2.75 

MIDD07BLKI04B 41.20 36.65 2.31 

431 ST06E431C MIDD08BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 not measured 37.82 not measured no

MIDD08BLKI04B 46.00 40.57 2.62 

432 ST06E432C MIDD09BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 54.52 48.23 2.99 

MIDD09BLKI04B 52.71 44.68 3.46 

433 ST06E433C MIDD10BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 49.87 44.92 3.04 

MIDD10BLKI04B 47.14 41.45 2.77 

434 ST06E434C MIDD11BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 38.13 33.77 2.36 

MIDD11BLKI04B 44.71 39.01 3.12 

435 ST06E435C MIDD12BLKI04A BLKI Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jun-04 51.34 46.13 3.25 

MIDD12BLKI04B 48.08 43.57 not measured 

436 ST06E436C GULL01GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 92.55 75.01 7.50 

437 ST06E437C GULL02GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 113.89 92.86 7.37 438 ST06E438C GULL03GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 95.31 74.94 7.07 439 ST06E439C GULL04GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 92.94 81.34 6.49 440 ST06E440C GULL05GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 82.25 64.36 7.05 

GULL05GWGU04B 89.35 73.18 7.40 

441 ST06E441C GULL06GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 107.78 94.69 6.76 

442 ST06E442C GULL08GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 88.55 75.77 5.89 

GULL08GWGU04B 90.13 73.53 5.63 

443 ST06E443C GULL09GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 99.76 86.95 7.14 

444 ST06E444C GULL10GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 not measured 56.27 5.97 no

445 ST06E445C GULL11GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 95.82 81.14 7.04 

446 ST06E446C GULL12GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 96.49 82.61 7.07 

GULL12GWGU04B 96.11 81.70 6.67 

447 ST06E447C GULL13GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 94.02 82.60 6.82 

448 ST06E448C GULL14GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 100.97 86.53 6.49 449 ST06E449C GULL15GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 not measured 76.92 7.48 no

GULL15GWGU04B 104.42 82.69 6.78 

450 ST06E450C GULL16GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 106.96 94.90 7.43 

GULL16GWGU04B 106.21 91.33 7.64 

451 ST06E451C GULL17GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 100.59 87.68 6.99 

GULL17GWGU04B not measured 90.60 6.87 

452 ST06E452C GULL18GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 30-May-04 101.29 89.57 6.55 

453 ST06E453C BULD01TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 109.64 92.86 10.08 

454 ST06E454C BULD03TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 109.09 91.46 11.47 455 ST06E455C BULD04TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 110.12 93.30 11.66 456 ST06E456C BULD05TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 101.73 82.50 10.70 457 ST06E457C BULD06TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 108.25 91.92 10.25 458 ST06E458C BULD07TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 109.64 88.35 11.51 459 ST06E459C BULD08TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 96.89 81.92 10.32 

ID Mass (g)
67

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell L

460 ST06E460C BULD09TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 100.38 84.40 9.36 

461 ST06E461C BULD11TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 100.93 83.28 10.78 462 ST06E462C BULD12TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 97.67 81.34 10.79 463 ST06E463C BULD13TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 21-Jun-04 103.93 90.85 10.19 464 ST06E464C STLA01COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 139.80 112.56 16.23 465 ST06E465C STLA02COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 116.62 94.84 16.29 466 ST06E466C STLA03COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 137.65 116.38 15.96 467 ST06E467C STLA04COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 123.43 104.56 not measured 

468 ST06E468C STLA05COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 111.86 93.91 12.36 

469 ST06E469C STLA08COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 110.62 90.41 14.07 470 ST06E470C STLA09COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 123.51 101.79 14.97 471 ST06E471C STLA10COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 110.23 87.10 14.83 472 ST06E472C STLA02TBMU04 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 121.39 103.31 13.93 473 ST06E473C STLA03TBMU04 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 121.60 101.81 13.95 474 ST06E474C STLA04TBMU04 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 112.91 93.03 13.42 475 ST06E475C STLA07TBMU04 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 117.64 97.66 14.50 476 ST06E476C STLA09TBMU04 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 9-Jul-04 115.03 95.72 14.62 477 ST06E477C DEER01COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 114.90 95.33 15.11 478 ST06E478C DEER04COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 121.49 97.95 not measured 479 ST06E479C DEER05COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 109.70 90.93 13.93 480 ST06E480C DEER06COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 108.12 88.60 11.93 481 ST06E481C DEER07COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 112.83 92.87 13.78 482 ST06E482C DEER09COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 101.52 80.99 11.14 483 ST06E483C DEER10COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 119.69 99.29 13.64 484 ST06E484C DEER11COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 121.48 103.06 11.97 485 ST06E485C DEER12COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 123.47 103.72 14.31 486 ST06E486C DEER13COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 103.45 86.94 10.72 487 ST06E487C DEER14COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 115.03 95.74 14.01 488 ST06E488C DEER15COMU04 COMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Deceit 66o05.52'N 162o44.54'W 28-Jun-04 128.44 102.77 not measured 489 ST06E489C CHDU02COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-04 108.25 86.00 14.61 

490 ST06E490C CHDU04COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-04 120.05 98.16 14.94 491 ST06E491C CHDU07COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-04 114.33 88.00 13.76 492 ST06E492C CHDU10COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-04 111.78 89.29 13.86 493 ST06E493C MIDD01COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 103.11 61.77 11.32 15.16 

494 ST06E494C MIDD02COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 99.08 59.30 20.54 not measured 495 ST06E495C MIDD04COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 90.84 70.72 11.54 496 ST06E496C MIDD05COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 110.11 74.05 13.49 16.00 497 ST06E497C MIDD06COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 111.58 90.81 13.25 498 ST06E498C MIDD07COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 96.21 69.58 10.88 12.67 499 ST06E499C MIDD08COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 113.93 95.56 12.37 500 ST06E500C MIDD09COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 110.89 59.50 30.94 14.31 501 ST06E501C MIDD10COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 94.46 72.35 5.24 12.25 502 ST06E502C MIDD11COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 91.59 42.93 33.18 not measured 

ID Mass (g)
68

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell L

503 ST06E503C MIDD12COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 9-Jul-04 106.03 40.85 46.79 not measured 

504 ST06E504C GULL03COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 116.72 98.79 13.72 

505 ST06E505C GULL04COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 122.84 103.03 15.73 506 ST06E506C GULL05COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 97.39 81.30 11.37 507 ST06E507C GULL06COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 116.51 98.43 14.12 508 ST06E508C GULL07COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 128.49 109.73 15.02 509 ST06E509C GULL09COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 108.26 91.44 13.00 510 ST06E510C GULL10COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 108.89 92.70 11.99 511 ST06E511C GULL12COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 113.54 96.22 13.24 512 ST06E512C GULL13COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 117.28 99.66 13.97 513 ST06E513C GULL14COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 118.45 99.83 14.51 514 ST06E514C GULL16COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 92.58 75.89 12.81 515 ST06E515C GULL17COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 113.42 96.03 13.14 516 ST06E516C GULL19COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 112.60 94.85 13.88 517 ST06E517C GULL23COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 129.86 108.91 15.95 518 ST06E518C GULL25COMU04 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 27-Jun-04 127.34 108.20 14.99 519 ST06E519C BOGO02COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 107.29 40.21 48.77 not measured 

520 ST06E520C BOGO04COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 100.86 29.10 51.89 not measured 

521 ST06E521C BOGO05COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 112.68 34.31 57.22 not measured 522 ST06E522C BOGO06COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 103.09 85.65 12.14 523 ST06E523C BOGO08COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 107.63 64.32 26.96 13.06 524 ST06E524C BOGO09COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 105.41 54.32 31.96 not measured 

525 ST06E525C BOGO10COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 98.86 47.60 32.42 not measured 

526 ST06E526C BOGO11COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 109.20 29.08 61.00 not measured 527 ST06E527C BOGO12COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 107.99 89.36 13.75 528 ST06E528C BOGO15COMU04 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 99.40 22.42 55.45 not measured 

529 ST06E529C SITK01GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 86.94 76.88 5.95 

SITK01GWGU04B 93.61 78.19 6.51 

530 ST06E530C SITK02GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 90.29 76.59 7.38 

531 ST06E531C SITK03GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 92.30 80.92 6.74 532 ST06E532C SITK04GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 97.10 82.51 7.36 

SITK04GWGU04B 94.81 77.74 6.95 

533 ST06E533C SITK05GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 85.49 75.04 5.45 

534 ST06E534C SITK06GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 88.11 79.39 5.35 

SITK06GWGU04B 91.60 79.50 not measured 

535 ST06E535C SITK07GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 96.43 81.54 7.16 

536 ST06E536C SITK08GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 88.30 75.17 6.66 537 ST06E537C SITK10GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 101.09 87.16 6.52 538 ST06E538C SITK11GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 112.05 96.68 7.19 

SITK11GWGU04B 114.53 100.60 7.06 

539 ST06E539C SITK12GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 88.69 77.45 6.84 

540 ST06E540C SITK13GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 86.27 62.50 9.38 6.63 

SITK13GWGU04B 85.06 54.81 18.29 not measured 

541 ST06E541C SITK14GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 90.95 80.49 6.45 

ID Mass (g)
69

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

542 ST06E542C SITK15GWGU04 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 85.95 74.44 6.87 6

543 ST06E543C SITK16GWGU04A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 11-Jun-04 88.29 78.42 6.40 6

SITK16GWGU04B 90.23 75.92 6.50 7

544 ST06E544C BOGO01TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 87.20 72.52 9.97 7

545 ST06E545C BOGO03TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 83.50 54.61 9.14 7546 ST06E546C BOGO04TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 104.42 70.02 20.30 not measured 8547 ST06E547C BOGO06TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 92.11 62.65 15.15 9.85 8548 ST06E548C BOGO07TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 104.69 80.23 not measured 7549 ST06E549C BOGO10TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 91.51 75.79 9.69 8550 ST06E550C BOGO12TBMU04 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 19-Jul-04 102.86 86.23 10.62 7551 ST06E551C CLIS01UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 88.08 55.35 9.36 7

552 ST06E552C CLIS02UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 104.78 89.43 11.66 8553 ST06E553C CLIS03UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 101.98 82.78 12.35 7554 ST06E554C CLIS04UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 89.55 76.69 10.21 7555 ST06E555C CLIS05UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 115.60 97.82 14.44 8556 ST06E556C CLIS06UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 115.03 97.79 13.91 8557 ST06E557C CLIS07UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 105.88 90.52 12.15 7558 ST06E558C CLIS08UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 85.25 71.81 11.03 7559 ST06E559C CLIS09UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 127.50 109.16 14.69 8560 ST06E560C CLIS10UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 119.73 103.06 13.34 8561 ST06E561C CLIS11UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 98.37 84.30 11.40 8562 ST06E562C CLIS12UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 108.49 91.41 13.36 8563 ST06E563C CLIS13UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 112.78 97.11 12.56 8564 ST06E564C CLIS14UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 not measured 71.19 14.10 not m

565 ST06E565C CLIS15UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 100.50 84.94 12.49 7

566 ST06E566C CLIS16UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 103.74 88.34 11.68 7567 ST06E567C CLIS17UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 not measured 63.34 not measured not m

568 ST06E568C CLIS18UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 108.19 87.55 11.77 7

569 ST06E569C CLIS19UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 116.95 97.10 14.24 8570 ST06E570C CLIS20UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 98.90 82.75 12.77 8571 ST06E571C CLIS21UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 96.48 82.14 9.73 7572 ST06E572C CLIS23UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 112.84 95.59 13.83 8573 ST06E573C CLIS24UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 127.08 107.88 15.28 8574 ST06E574C CLIS25UNKM04 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Lisburne 68o52.52'N 166o12.36'W 19-Jun-04 108.34 91.76 11.78 7575 ST07E575C TOGI01GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 105.00 93.74 7.55 8

576 ST07E576C TOGI02GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 91.32 80.90 6.66 7577 ST07E577C TOGI03GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 97.50 86.80 6.98 7578 ST07E578C TOGI04GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 97.20 87.40 6.16 6579 ST07E579C TOGI05GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 118.79 106.40 7.59 7580 ST07E580C TOGI06GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 99.16 89.00 7.11 7581 ST07E581C TOGI07GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 99.33 87.70 7.25 7582 ST07E582C TOGI08GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 99.76 90.20 6.70 7583 ST07E583C TOGI09GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 94.53 84.80 6.90 7584 ST07E584C TOGI10GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 101.06 91.70 7.04 6

ID Mass (g)
70

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

585 ST07E585C TOGI11GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 124.02 112.00 8.48 8

586 ST07E586C TOGI12GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 99.60 88.20 7.66 7587 ST07E587C TOGI13GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 101.03 89.80 7.66 7588 ST07E588C TOGI14GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 97.08 87.50 6.93 7589 ST07E589C TOGI15GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 98.25 89.00 6.74 7590 ST07E590C TOGI16GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 87.53 78.50 6.95 6591 ST07E591C TOGI17GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 103.66 93.20 7.98 7592 ST07E592C TOGI18GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 91.92 83.00 6.70 7593 ST07E593C TOGI19GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 102.00 92.00 7.22 7594 ST07E594C TOGI20GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 107.90 97.10 7.53 7595 ST07E595C TOGI21GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 102.18 92.30 7.03 7596 ST07E596C TOGI22GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 104.58 94.90 7.51 7597 ST07E597C TOGI23GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 104.37 94.00 7.44 7598 ST07E598C TOGI24GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 112.11 101.60 7.95 7599 ST07E599C TOGI25GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 113.63 102.70 8.22 7600 ST07E600C TOGI26GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 98.07 88.70 6.81 6601 ST07E601C TOGI27GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 123.87 111.90 8.51 7602 ST07E602C TOGI28GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 116.90 104.70 8.10 7603 ST07E603C TOGI29GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 83.70 66.50 6.06 7604 ST07E604C TOGI30GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 118.28 107.00 8.19 7605 ST07E605C TOGI31GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 109.65 99.10 7.74 7606 ST07E606C TOGI32GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 101.46 93.40 5.78 7607 ST07E607C TOGI33GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 115.09 104.50 7.65 7608 ST07E608C TOGI34GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 103.70 93.80 7.05 7609 ST07E609C TOGI35GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 107.02 89.80 8.08 6610 ST07E610C TOGI36GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Shaiak I. 58o33.31'N 161o39.56'W 11-May-05 103.02 89.00 7.40 7611 ST07E611C NOAT01GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 92.96 81.56 8.00 7

NOAT01GLGU05B 90.51 80.07 7.24 7

612 ST07E612C NOAT02GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 99.21 87.48 7.75 7

NOAT02GLGU05B 110.48 99.47 8.30 7

NOAT02GLGU05C 103.57 92.83 8.35 7

613 ST07E613C NOAT03GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 111.65 98.70 7.31 7

NOAT03GLGU05B 99.78 86.60 7.65 7

614 ST07E614C NOAT04GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 105.01 93.00 7.24 7

NOAT04GLGU05B 104.71 94.60 6.92 7

615 ST07E615C NOAT05GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 89.70 79.20 6.59 7

NOAT05GLGU05B 95.62 85.70 7.11 7

NOAT05GLGU05C 94.08 82.08 6.71 6

616 ST07E616C NOAT06GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 99.92 88.80 6.98 7

NOAT06GLGU05B 111.54 101.50 6.78 7

617 ST07E617C HOOP01GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 87.12 78.40 6.13 7618 ST07E618C HOOP02GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 94.07 82.00 7.47 7619 ST07E619C HOOP03GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 106.20 94.70 7.52 7620 ST07E620C HOOP05GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 125.73 112.90 9.04 8621 ST07E621C HOOP06GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 114.60 103.00 8.21 8

ID Mass (g)
71

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

622 ST07E622C HOOP07GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 115.38 103.30 7.98 8

623 ST07E623C HOOP08GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 110.59 98.90 7.40 7624 ST07E624C HOOP09GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 97.02 85.70 6.65 7625 ST07E625C HOOP10GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 113.27 101.40 8.73 7626 ST07E626C HOOP11GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 113.16 96.70 7.91 7627 ST07E627C HOOP12GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 94.48 82.30 7.65 7628 ST07E628C HOOP13GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 118.17 101.30 8.94 7629 ST07E629C HOOP14GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 112.36 99.30 8.06 7630 ST07E630C HOOP15GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 105.43 94.10 7.82 7631 ST07E631C HOOP16GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 116.36 104.20 8.31 7632 ST07E632C NOAT07GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 104.34 92.30 7.96 7

NOAT07GLGU05B 104.71 88.10 7.49 7

NOAT07GLGU05C 100.56 87.10 8.02 7

633 ST07E633C NOAT09GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 107.00 95.20 7.59 7

NOAT09GLGU05B 106.79 96.30 7.52 7

634 ST07E634C NOAT10GLGU05 GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 112.13 100.80 8.11 7

635 ST07E635C NOAT11GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 102.27 89.90 6.88 7

NOAT11GLGU05C 101.45 91.80 6.40 7

636 ST07E636C NOAT12GLGU05A GLGU Chukchi Sea, Noatak River Delta 66o59.47'N 162o29.00'W 1-Jun-05 91.11 82.00 6.70 6

NOAT12GLGU05B 94.73 85.50 6.92 7

NOAT12GLGU05C 86.43 77.30 6.39 6

637 ST07E637C HOOP17GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 105.85 93.60 8.11 7

638 ST07E638C HOOP18GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 117.00 105.50 8.13 8639 ST07E639C HOOP19GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 108.97 96.40 8.18 7640 ST07E640C HOOP20GLGU05 GLGU Bering Sea, Hooper Bay 61o29.31'N 165o56.00'W 29-May-05 128.81 112.50 8.35 5641 ST07E641C SITK01GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 80.58 71.40 5.59 6

SITK01GWGU05B 87.37 78.60 6.32 7

SITK01GWGU05C 81.53 72.40 6.01 6

642 ST07E642C SITK02GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 88.71 78.80 6.44 7

SITK02GWGU05B 97.62 87.60 6.90 7

SITK02GWGU05C 91.76 82.60 6.84 7

643 ST07E643C SITK03GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 100.10 90.80 6.65 6

SITK03GWGU05B 94.43 85.60 6.17 6

SITK03GWGU05C 99.04 88.20 6.57 7

644 ST07E644C SITK04GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 91.11 81.00 5.83 7

SITK04GWGU05B 94.75 83.90 6.71 7

SITK04GWGU05C 95.28 82.90 6.20 7

645 ST07E645C SITK05GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 99.45 89.30 6.94 7

SITK05GWGU05B 98.77 87.00 7.21 7

646 ST07E646C SITK06GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 96.81 86.30 6.63 7

SITK06GWGU05B 95.96 84.50 6.55 7

647 ST07E647C SITK07GWGU05 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 105.89 95.40 7.73 7

648 ST07E648C SITK08GWGU05 GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Viesekoi Rocks 56o58.22'N 135o29.27'W 4-Jun-05 111.50 97.86 7.44 7649 ST07E649C MIDD01COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 6-Jun-05 114.78 97.38 14.05 8650 ST07E650C MIDD02COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 6-Jun-05 99.77 84.22 12.53 8651 ST07E651C MIDD03COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 6-Jun-05 107.85 90.68 13.77 8652 ST07E652C MIDD04COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 6-Jun-05 110.35 91.99 14.19 8

ID Mass (g)
72

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

653 ST07E653C MIDD05COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 13-Jun-05 89.56 75.18 10.94 7

654 ST07E654C MIDD06COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 13-Jun-05 109.39 92.36 13.02 8655 ST07E655C UALK02GWGU05 GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 91.27 79.65 5.70 7656 ST07E656C UALK03GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 91.15 77.97 5.75 6

UALK03GWGU05B 90.90 81.91 5.73 7

657 ST07E657C UALK04GWGU05C GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 85.94 73.89 5.17 6

658 ST07E658C UALK05GWGU05C GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 87.69 74.53 5.53 6659 ST07E659C UALK06GWGU05C GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 81.56 65.38 5.30 6660 ST07E660C UALK08GWGU05C GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 105.74 89.39 7.48 7661 ST07E661C UALK09GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 112.86 94.62 8.01 7

UALK09GWGU05B 109.04 95.79 6.95 7

662 ST07E662C UALK10GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Ualik Lake 59o05.40'N 159o26.08'W 12-Jun-05 118.82 88.34 7.35 7

663 ST07E663C MIDD06GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 99.32 86.76 6.13 7

MIDD06GWGU05B 95.09 81.14 5.99 7

MIDD06GWGU05C 91.58 77.02 5.80 6

664 ST07E664C MIDD07GWGU05C GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 96.26 82.09 6.36 7

665 ST07E665C MIDD08GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 85.64 71.21 5.69 7

MIDD08GWGU05B 86.56 74.43 5.61 7

666 ST07E666C MIDD09GWGU05C GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 111.77 93.80 7.31 7

667 ST07E667C MIDD10GWGU05C GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 88.36 76.99 6.03 6668 ST07E668C MIDD11GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 97.76 79.77 6.58 7

MIDD11GWGU05B 94.36 81.06 6.73 7

MIDD11GWGU05C 89.86 75.11 6.35 7

669 ST07E669C MIDD11GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 31-May-05 91.19 79.42 6.20 6

MIDD11GWGU05B 100.70 79.41 6.49 7

670 ST07E670C NOME01GLGU05A GLGU Bering Sea, Penny River Delta 64o32.10'N 165o44.20'W 5-Jun-05 123.52 105.51 7.97 7

NOME01GLGU05B 96.70 79.65 7.03 7

671 ST07E671C NOME02GLGU05A GLGU Bering Sea, Penny River Delta 64o32.10'N 165o44.20'W 5-Jun-05 104.72 88.31 6.83 7

NOME02GLGU05B 105.60 89.30 7.26 7

672 ST07E672C NOME03GLGU05A GLGU Bering Sea, Penny River Delta 64o32.10'N 165o44.20'W 5-Jun-05 94.51 79.59 6.62 7

NOME03GLGU05B 87.53 73.91 6.22 7

673 ST07E673C NOME04GLGU05B GLGU Bering Sea, Penny River Delta 64o32.10'N 165o44.20'W 5-Jun-05 117.52 99.08 7.13 7

674 ST07E674C NOME07GLGU05B GLGU Bering Sea, Penny River Delta 64o32.10'N 165o44.20'W 5-Jun-05 98.26 76.31 6.94 7675 ST07E675C NOME08GLGU05A GLGU Bering Sea, Penny River Delta 64o32.10'N 165o44.20'W 5-Jun-05 98.58 85.62 6.23 7676 ST07E676C CDEN01COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 117.14 99.72 14.46 8

677 ST07E677C CDEN02COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 105.58 90.24 12.70 7678 ST07E678C CDEN03COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 120.45 102.51 13.98 8679 ST07E679C CDEN04COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 120.84 101.07 16.08 8680 ST07E680C CDEN05COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 110.38 94.21 13.08 8681 ST07E681C CDEN06COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 108.96 93.03 12.92 8682 ST07E682C CDEN07COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 121.06 102.29 15.02 8683 ST07E683C CDEN08COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 126.85 107.17 16.36 8684 ST07E684C CDEN09COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 131.92 111.36 17.29 8685 ST07E685C CDEN10COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 104.93 88.85 13.01 7686 ST07E686C CDEN11COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 96.23 81.78 11.11 7687 ST07E687C CDEN12COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 121.16 102.72 14.71 8

ID Mass (g)
73

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

688 ST07E688C CDEN13COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 126.79 108.67 14.70 8

689 ST07E689C CDEN14COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 119.18 101.61 14.09 8690 ST07E690C CDEN15COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Denbigh 64o22.52'N 161o32.03'W 26-Jun-05 129.54 108.20 17.60 8691 ST07E691C SAFE01GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 29-Jun-05 100.68 90.00 7.34 8

SAFE01GLGU05B 107.26 95.40 7.31 8SAFE01GLGU05C 109.90 94.50 7.55 8

692 ST07E692C SAFE02GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 117.62 94.30 8.07 7

SAFE02GLGU05B 118.92 104.30 7.86 7

693 ST07E693C SAFE03GLGU05B GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 91.10 68.10 7.55 7

SAFE03GLGU05C 80.84 59.40 6.59 7

694 ST07E694C SAFE04GLGU05B GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 97.50 88.70 6.73 7

SAFE04GLGU05C 94.62 86.10 6.67 7

695 ST07E695C SAFE06GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 119.78 107.60 8.60 7

696 ST07E696C SAFE07GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 91.13 82.30 6.36 7

SAFE07GLGU05C 96.18 86.20 6.97 7

697 ST07E697C SAFE08GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 96.70 87.90 7.07 8

SAFE08GLGU05B 91.34 82.90 6.40 7SAFE08GLGU05C 99.64 90.40 7.55 8

698 ST07E698C SAFE10GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 95.86 75.90 6.89 7

SAFE10GLGU05C 92.92 83.80 7.06 7

699 ST07E699C SAFE11GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 79.61 71.50 6.63 7

SAFE11GLGU05B 78.57 70.70 6.52 7

700 ST07E700C SAFE12GLGU05B GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 111.11 100.40 8.59 8

701 ST07E701C SAFE13GLGU05A GLGU Bering, Sea, Safety Sound 64o29.19'N 164o46.11'W 25-Jun-05 103.76 92.20 8.74 7

SAFE13GLGU05B 90.91 81.70 6.77 7

702 ST07E702C STLA01GWGU05A GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 86.44 77.30 6.62 7

STLA01GWGU05C 81.42 71.50 6.54 7

703 ST07E703C STLA02GWGU05B GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 87.57 78.10 5.79 7

704 ST07E704C STLA03GWGU05B GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 92.07 74.50 6.98 7705 ST07E705C STLA05GWGU05A GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 83.67 74.90 5.94 7

STLA05GWGU05C 86.19 76.60 6.12 7

706 ST07E706C STLA06GWGU05A GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 99.19 85.80 6.53 7

STLA06GWGU05C 94.59 83.10 6.59 7

707 ST07E707C STLA07GWGU05A GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 89.08 78.60 6.67 7

STLA07GWGU05C 85.66 74.60 7.03 7

708 ST07E708C STLA10GWGU05A GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 84.94 73.10 6.40 7

STLA10GWGU05B 86.46 75.40 6.62 6

709 ST07E709C STLA12GWGU05A GLGU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 15-Jun-05 83.39 74.10 5.66 7

710 ST07E710C BULD02TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 107.78 93.00 12.13 8711 ST07E711C BULD03TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 107.31 91.16 11.90 8712 ST07E712C BULD04TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 118.38 98.17 17.22 8713 ST07E713C BULD05TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 103.26 11.82 11.82 8714 ST07E714C BULD06TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 97.05 82.87 11.26 7715 ST07E715C BULD08TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 92.74 78.46 11.25 7716 ST07E716C BULD09TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 112.10 95.54 11.83 8717 ST07E717C BULD10TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 93.00 79.96 10.34 7718 ST07E718C BULD12TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 101.36 84.67 12.45 8

ID Mass (g)
74

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

719 ST07E719C BULD13TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 115.02 97.28 15.03 8

720 ST07E720C BULD14TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 124.16 107.24 14.03 8721 ST07E721C BULD15TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Buldir I. 52o21.29'N 175o55.29'W 17-Jun-05 116.61 97.62 16.15 8722 ST07E722C KING01TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 118.99 100.88 14.66 8723 ST07E723C KING02TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 116.73 102.35 11.32 8724 ST07E724C KING03TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 118.40 98.92 14.98 8725 ST07E725C KING04TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 106.14 90.00 12.71 8726 ST07E726C KING05TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 118.62 101.24 14.17 8727 ST07E727C KING06TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 116.77 98.08 14.97 8728 ST07E728C GULL01COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 96.10 80.12 12.79 7729 ST07E729C GULL03COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 116.78 98.61 14.52 8730 ST07E730C GULL04COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 90.11 76.27 11.30 7731 ST07E731C GULL05COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 83.72 73.23 6.61 7732 ST07E732C GULL07COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 118.35 101.06 13.50 8733 ST07E733C GULL08COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 114.85 98.02 13.40 8734 ST07E734C GULL09COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 112.83 94.91 13.96 8735 ST07E735C GULL10COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 109.89 92.84 13.56 8736 ST07E736C GULL11COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 121.49 102.10 15.75 8737 ST07E737C GULL12COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 24-Jun-05 100.88 84.70 12.81 8738 ST07E738C KING07TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 114.33 95.92 15.46 8739 ST07E739C KING08TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 98.28 84.46 10.65 7740 ST07E740C KING09TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 103.39 88.47 12.39 7741 ST07E741C KING10TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 115.09 98.64 13.52 8742 ST07E742C KING11TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 115.73 97.19 15.68 8743 ST07E743C KING12TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 103.82 86.98 13.30 7744 ST07E744C KING13TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 113.03 95.42 13.62 8745 ST07E745C KING14TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 116.95 99.11 13.66 8746 ST07E746C KING15TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, King Island 64o58.30'N 168o03.35'W 25-Jun-05 106.15 89.31 12.49 8747 ST07E747C CPEI01COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 107.74 91.02 13.47 8

748 ST07E748C CPEI02COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 106.86 90.68 12.93 8749 ST07E749C CPEI03COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 119.49 101.72 14.59 8750 ST07E750C CPEI04COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 83.75 71.64 10.23 7751 ST07E751C CPEI05COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 87.72 74.38 10.96 7752 ST07E752C CPEI06COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 87.13 73.00 11.15 8753 ST07E753C CPEI07COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 88.50 75.50 10.56 8754 ST07E754C CPEI08COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 99.48 83.65 12.86 8755 ST07E755C CPEI09COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 88.81 74.83 11.93 7756 ST07E756C CPEI11COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 103.42 87.39 13.38 7757 ST07E757C CPEI12COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 104.26 87.24 14.39 8758 ST07E758C CPEI13COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 104.28 88.15 13.47 7759 ST07E759C CPEI14COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 104.58 88.51 13.80 8760 ST07E760C CPEI15COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Cape Pierce 58o39.45'N 161o22.6'W 10-Jul-05 104.48 87.55 14.96 8761 ST07E761C SLED02COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 107.68 87.86 13.96 8

762 ST07E762C SLED03COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 119.74 94.68 14.25 8

ID Mass (g)
75

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggs

763 ST07E763C SLED04COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 95.55 79.93 13

764 ST07E764C SLED05COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 139.81 116.31 17765 ST07E765C SLED06COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 122.80 93.25 17766 ST07E766C SLED07COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 120.90 100.48 14767 ST07E767C SLED08COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 120.75 101.66 14768 ST07E768C SLED09COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 121.08 97.90 15769 ST07E769C SLED10COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 113.12 95.72 12770 ST07E770C SLED11COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 125.34 103.86 15771 ST07E771C SLED12COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 101.28 80.36 12772 ST07E772C SLED13COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 113.63 89.00 14773 ST07E773C SLED14COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 132.97 107.11 15774 ST07E774C SLED15COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Sledge I. 64o29.06'N 166o12.12'W 28-Jun-05 123.55 105.22 14775 ST07E775C BLUF01COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 112.12 94.00 14776 ST07E776C BLUF02COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 111.59 94.55 13777 ST07E777C BLUF03COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 114.70 97.48 13778 ST07E778C BLUF04COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 105.74 89.06 13779 ST07E779C BLUF05COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 99.24 85.82 10780 ST07E780C BLUF06COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 123.23 102.52 16781 ST07E781C BLUF07COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 104.06 87.69 13782 ST07E782C BLUF08COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 122.27 103.60 14783 ST07E783C BLUF09COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 111.53 94.95 13784 ST07E784C BLUF11COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 124.11 104.02 16785 ST07E785C BLUF12COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 108.05 93.77 11786 ST07E786C KIKL01GWGU05B GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 94.92 84.70 7.

KIKL01GWGU05C 88.79 79.50 6.

787 ST07E787C KIKL02GWGU05C GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 92.95 82.30 6.

788 ST07E788C KIKL03GWGU05B GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 98.65 87.30 6.

KIKL03GWGU05C 116.89 105.40 8.

789 ST07E789C KIKL04GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 104.32 94.20 6.

KIKL04GWGU05B 106.16 94.90 7.4

790 ST07E790C KIKL05GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 90.95 82.40 6.

KIKL05GWGU05B 98.06 87.80 6.

KIKL05GWGU05C 102.08 92.40 7.

791 ST07E791C KIKL06GWGU05B GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 95.64 85.90 6.

KIKL06GWGU05C 92.46 83.90 6.

792 ST07E792C KIKL07GWGU05B GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 97.32 87.40 6.

793 ST07E793C KIKL08GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 84.77 73.40 7.

KIKL08GWGU05B 94.01 84.50 7.

KIKL08GWGU05C 95.65 86.10 7.

794 ST07E794C KIKL09GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 99.28 88.30 8.

KIKL09GWGU05B 96.91 84.90 8.

KIKL09GWGU05C 99.92 90.40 7.

ID Mass (g)
76

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

GLGU = glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

795 ST07E795C KIKL10GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 93.88 83.30 7.94 7

KIKL10GWGU05B 97.32 87.10 7.41 7

KIKL10GWGU05C 87.44 78.30 6.84 7

796 ST07E796C KIKL11GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 94.89 84.60 7.69 7

KIKL11GWGU05C 101.95 90.90 7.58 7

797 ST07E797C KIKL12GWGU05A GWGU Bering Sea, Kikertalik Lake 58o39.35'N 159o14.49'W 12-Jun-05 110.64 99.30 7.97 7

KIKL12GWGU05B 103.48 90.50 8.10 7

798 ST07E798C DUCK01COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 103.40 84.01 14.12 8

799 ST07E799C DUCK02COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 117.79 101.52 13.49 8800 ST07E800C DUCK03COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 106.91 90.70 13.08 8801 ST07E801C DUCK04COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 123.52 102.42 16.33 8802 ST07E802C DUCK05COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 97.90 83.50 11.80 7803 ST07E803C DUCK06COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 114.15 97.50 13.03 8804 ST07E804C DUCK07COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 95.58 80.54 12.17 7805 ST07E805C DUCK08COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 110.43 87.37 14.06 8806 ST07E806C DUCK09COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 117.26 96.41 15.91 8807 ST07E807C DUCK10COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 114.52 96.61 13.22 8808 ST07E808C DUCK11COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 111.36 95.49 12.92 8809 ST07E809C DUCK12COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 109.71 88.68 13.83 8810 ST07E810C DUCK13COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 116.68 98.90 14.33 8811 ST07E811C DUCK14COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 115.48 97.70 14.00 8812 ST07E812C DUCK15COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Duck I. 60o08.53'N 152o32.53'W 15-Jul-05 113.54 97.19 12.67 8813 ST07E813C GULL01GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 80.58 63.70 5.85 6

GULL01GWGU05C 80.58 63.70 6.09 6

814 ST07E814C GULL02GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 102.26 88.10 7.47 7

GULL02GWGU05B 94.83 82.70 6.88 7

GULL02GWGU05X 100.29 89.60 7.65 7

815 ST07E815C GULL03GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 107.48 93.10 6.99 7

GULL03GWGU05C 101.50 90.30 6.47 7

816 ST07E816C GULL04GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 103.98 88.40 7.47 7

GULL04GWGU05B 108.18 93.60 7.78 7

GULL04GWGU05C 96.08 84.30 6.97 7

817 ST07E817C GULL05GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 72.83 63.10 5.21 6818 ST07E818C GULL06GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 93.72 84.00 6.35 7

GULL06GWGU05B 99.75 85.30 7.02 7

GULL06GWGU05C 97.28 83.30 6.60 7

819 ST07E819C GULL07GWGU05B GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 100.98 88.40 7.03 7

GULL07GWGU05C 105.25 91.30 7.77 7

820 ST07E820C GULL08GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 86.48 76.50 6.10 7

GULL08GWGU05B 80.16 70.00 5.94 6

GULL08GWGU05C 78.75 69.70 5.46 7

821 ST07E821C GULL09GWGU05A GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 89.39 78.50 6.90 7

GULL09GWGU05B 91.26 79.20 6.70 7

GULL09GWGU05C 83.17 67.70 6.24 6

822 ST07E822C GULL10GWGU05C GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 84.78 72.50 5.76 6

ID Mass (g)
77

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

= glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggshell Leng

823 ST07E823C GULL11GWGU05B GWGU Gulf of Alaska, Gull I. 59o32.22'N 151o19.42'W 8-Jun-05 98.38 83.00 6.46 7

GULL11GWGU05C 90.65 78.90 6.32 7

824 ST07E824C CTOM01UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 109.09 93.26 13.28 7

825 ST07E825C CTOM02UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 101.51 87.42 11.55 7826 ST07E826C CTOM03UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 107.35 90.42 12.24 8827 ST07E827C CTOM05UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 109.06 93.85 11.94 8828 ST07E828C CTOM06UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 108.99 93.03 12.86 8829 ST07E829C CTOM07UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 110.14 93.87 13.21 8830 ST07E830C CTOM08UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 103.11 86.93 12.30 7831 ST07E831C CTOM09UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 104.57 91.17 10.16 7832 ST07E832C CTOM11UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 97.31 83.09 11.66 7833 ST07E833C CTOM12UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 103.76 89.40 11.42 7834 ST07E834C CTOM13UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 105.97 73.25 12.06 7835 ST07E835C CTOM14UNKM05 UNMU Chukchi Sea, Cape Thompson 68o08.38'N 165o58.40'W 27-Jun-05 114.58 100.01 11.80 8836 ST07E836C STLA01TBMU05 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 118.93 97.29 16.11 8

837 ST07E837C STLA02TBMU05 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 110.24 94.51 12.56 8838 ST07E838C STLA04TBMU05 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 100.56 84.35 12.92 8839 ST07E839C STLA06TBMU05 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 113.56 94.12 16.00 8840 ST07E840C STLA07TBMU05 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 128.38 106.45 16.20 8841 ST07E841C STLA08TBMU05 TBMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 115.72 97.05 14.63 8842 ST07E842C BLUF13COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 121.76 39.14 13.34 8

843 ST07E843C BLUF14COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 107.56 90.70 13.80 7844 ST07E844C BLUF15COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bluff 64o34.22'N 163o45.15'W 25-Jun-05 107.15 91.64 12.87 8845 ST07E845C STGE01TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 95.72 82.50 10.73 7

846 ST07E846C STGE02TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 99.22 68.50 9.85 7847 ST07E847C STGE03TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 112.73 95.71 10.52 7848 ST07E848C STGE04TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 105.46 89.00 10.72 8849 ST07E849C STGE05TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 96.06 65.40 11.45 7850 ST07E850C STGE06TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 99.14 85.21 11.11 7851 ST07E851C STGE07TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 111.63 96.14 11.42 8852 ST07E852C STGE09TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 106.49 92.15 11.40 7853 ST07E853C STGE10TMBU05 TBMU Bering Sea, St. George I. 56o36.00'N 169o32.30'W 7-Jul-05 104.70 89.81 11.40 8854 ST07E854C STLA01COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 97.50 83.52 11.07 8855 ST07E855C STLA03COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 126.37 100.59 16.50 8856 ST07E856C STLA04COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 113.62 94.32 15.54 8857 ST07E857C STLA05COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 124.81 104.73 15.51 8858 ST07E858C STLA06COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 103.61 86.56 13.67 8859 ST07E859C STLA11COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 124.12 104.38 15.93 8860 ST07E860C STLA12COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, St. Lazaria I. 56o59.14'N 135o42.17'W 8-Jul-05 129.82 108.81 16.54 9861 ST07E861C BOGO01COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 110.34 94.48 12.94 8862 ST07E862C BOGO04COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 106.40 89.88 13.12 8863 ST07E863C BOGO05COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 126.26 108.77 13.49 8864 ST07E864C BOGO07COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 110.72 94.10 14.20 8

ID Mass (g)
78

Appendix 1 (continued). Alaskan seabird eggs banked by STAMP in 2002-2005. BLKI = black-legged kittiwake 

UNMU = unidentified murre species (Uria spp.), COMU = common murre (U. aalge), TBMU = thick-billed mu

= glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), and GLGW = glaucous-winged gull (L. glaucescens). 

Number Storage Field Species Colony Latitude Longitude Date Collected Whole Egg Contents Embryo Eggs

865 ST07E865C BOGO08COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 97.80 83.66 11

866 ST07E866C BOGO09COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 97.74 83.45 11867 ST07E867C BOGO10COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 105.04 89.87 12868 ST07E868C BOGO12COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 97.31 81.75 11869 ST07E869C BOGO13COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 92.42 77.63 11870 ST07E870C BOGO14COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 100.68 85.05 12871 ST07E871C BOGO15COMU05 COMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 12-Jul-05 81.14 68.92 9.872 ST07E872C BOGO01TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 94.74 82.42 10873 ST07E873C BOGO02TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 100.46 87.09 11874 ST07E874C BOGO04TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 105.80 81.46 11875 ST07E875C BOGO05TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 86.64 71.35 9.876 ST07E876C BOGO06TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 110.41 86.91 12877 ST07E877C BOGO07TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 94.48 77.97 9.878 ST07E878C BOGO08TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 90.68 72.66 11879 ST07E879C BOGO10TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 100.43 80.93 10880 ST07E880C BOGO11TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 90.53 78.00 9.881 ST07E881C BOGO12TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 98.77 80.63 11882 ST07E882C BOGO13TBMU05 TBMU Bering Sea, Bogoslof I. 53o56.09'N 168o02.20'W 13-Jul-05 100.37 87.54 10883 ST07E883C MIDD07COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 13-Jun-05 121.04 98.23 14884 ST07E884C MIDD08COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 13-Jun-05 99.66 84.07 11885 ST07E885C MIDD09COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 21-Jun-05 106.50 89.51 13886 ST07E886C MIDD10COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 21-Jun-05 113.70 97.79 13887 ST07E887C MIDD11COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 21-Jun-05 111.83 95.50 13888 ST07E888C MIDD12COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 21-Jun-05 105.20 89.52 12889 ST07E889C MIDD13COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 28-Jun-05 112.98 96.52 12890 ST07E890C MIDD14COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 28-Jun-05 103.23 88.39 12891 ST07E891C MIDD15COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 28-Jun-05 110.92 92.56 15892 ST07E892C MIDD16COMU05 COMU Gulf of Alaska, Middleton I. 59o26.10'N 146o19.44'W 28-Jun-05 95.71 81.17 10

ID Mass (g)
79

Appendix 2. The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) murre egg collection 

protocol. Note: Instructions are in non-SI (English) units so as to be understood by all collectors who 

may not have scientific training. 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING MURRE EGGS

Welcome to the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP). We appreciate your 

participation in this long-term monitoring study of contaminants in northern marine ecosystems 

using murre eggs. 

Each murre egg collection kit consists of 1 plastic Coleman cooler capable of holding 15 murre 

eggs. The coolers contain Ziploc bags and pre-printed labels for labeling the eggs. They also 

contain several layers of foam padding for packing the eggs, several pairs of clean disposable 

gloves for handling the eggs, tape for securely taping the coolers shut, pencils for filling out the 

egg labels, pre-printed shipping labels for shipping the coolers, some “keep upright-handle 

with care” and “keep cool-do not freeze” stickers for the outside of the coolers, copies of these 

instructions, a murre species identification guide, and the permits needed to collect the eggs.

How many eggs should I collect?

Collect 15 eggs from each murre species assigned to you. See the egg labels in the kits and the 

writing on the outside of the cooler lids to find out which species they are intended for. Please 

don’t take more than 15 eggs from each murre species (the maximum number the enclosed 

permit allows you to take). 

When should I collect the eggs?

Try to collect the eggs as soon as you can after the birds have started laying eggs. If you can’t 

do that, please tell us when you collected them (for example, “about 2 weeks after they started 

laying eggs”). 

How should I handle the eggs when I collect them?

When you pick the eggs up from the nest ledges, always wear one of the gloves that you’ll find 

in the collecting kit to make sure you don’t accidentally contaminate them with gasoline, oil, 

insect repellant, or some other substance that might be on your hands. As a general rule, always 

try to avoid touching the eggs with your bare hands, particularly if there’s any chance that there 

might be some residual outboard fuel, oil, or insect repellant on them (these substances can go 

right through the egg shells and contaminate the contents). 

Bagging the Eggs: When you pick the eggs up, put them in the Ziploc bags that you’ll find in 

the collection kit. Please bag each egg in a separate bag (in other words, never put more than 1 

egg in a single bag). After you’ve put an egg in a bag, please do the following: 

(a) Gently squeeze the air out of the Ziploc bag before you close it and then gently wrap the 

closed the bag around the egg. 
80

 (b) Put the bagged egg into a second Ziploc bag along with one of the pre-printed labels after 

you’ve filled out the missing information in pencil (see below). 

 (c) Gently squeeze the air out of the second Ziploc bag before you close it and then gently 

wrap it around the egg. The double-bagged, labeled egg is now ready to be packed for 

shipping (see below). Note: squeezing the air out of the bags before sealing them is 

important—it prevents the eggs from rolling around loose in bubbles of trapped air. 

How should I label the eggs when I collect them?

The collection kit contains pre-printed labels for the eggs. Please use the enclosed pencil to fill 

out one label for each murre egg you collect (please don’t use ball point pens). When you fill 

out the labels, assign a number to each egg (in other words, 1-15), as shown below. 

Collected by: ___________________ 

Date: __________________________ 

Species: _____Common Murre_____ 

Location: ______Duck Island______ 

Egg No.: __________6____________ 

Comments: _____________________ 

In most cases, the species and location will be pre-printed on the labels. You only have to fill 

in the missing information (your name, the date the egg was collected, the number you gave 

the egg [“6” in the example shown above—please remember to assign a different number to 

each egg], and any comments you might have (for example, “collected late in the season”, “did 

not use gloves”, “eggs almost ready to hatch”). Note: in some cases, your name may also be 

pre-printed on the labels. 

How should I pack the eggs for shipping? 

Use the Coleman coolers as shipping containers for the eggs. Each cooler is designed to safely 

hold up to 15 murre eggs. If you’re collecting both common and thick-billed murre eggs, use 

the cooler marked “COMU Egg Collection Kit” for the common murre eggs and the cooler 

marked “TBMU Egg Collection Kit” for the thick-billed murre eggs (check the egg labels in 

the kits—they also tell you which species the kit is for). 

Each cooler contains 3 large loose pieces of foam padding about 4 inches thick labeled Layer 

#1, Layer #2, and Layer #3, and a foam block glued to the underside of the lid to fill the 

recessed cavity. Pack the bagged eggs in the coolers as described below. 
81

(a)Remove foam Layers #1 and #2 from the cooler and leave Layer #3 in the bottom of the 

container. 

(b)Lay 8 of the doubled-bagged eggs on their sides in the two grooves in layer #3 in the 8 

marked spots. Don’t let the eggs touch each other or the walls of the cooler—try to space 

them about 1 inch apart. If you have trouble keeping the bagged eggs in place in the 

grooves, put the small pieces of foam between them and use some tape to secure them in 

place. 

(c)Put Layer #2 back in the cooler, grooved side up, and gently push it down onto the first 

layer of eggs to hold them firmly in place. 

(d)Lay 7 of the doubled-bagged eggs on their sides in the two grooves in layer #2 in the 7 

marked spots. Again, don’t let the eggs touch each other or the walls of the cooler—try to 

space them at least 1 inch apart. If you have trouble keeping the bagged eggs in place in the 

grooves, put the small pieces of foam between them and use some tape to secure them in 

place. 

(e)Put Layer #1 back in the cooler following the directions marked on it and gently push it 

down onto the second layer of eggs to hold them firmly in place. When you’re finished, the 

top of Layer #1 should stick up a little above the lip of the cooler (about an inch or so). If it 

sticks up more than that, remove it and try to re-adjust Layer #2 (in other words, gently 

push it down a little more firmly onto the eggs in Layer #3). 

(f) When you’re ready to ship the cooler, fill out the enclosed collection form and lay it on top 

of Layer #1 in the container. 

(g)Close the lid and tape the cooler shut by wrapping 4-5 layers of tape completely around it 

about 6 inches in from each end, just like it was taped shut when you received it. 

(h)Tape the pre-printed shipping label securely to the top of the lid, and stick the “Keep Cool” 

and “Handle with Care” labels on the top and sides of the containers. The cooler is now 

ready to ship (see shipping instructions below). 

How should I store the eggs if I have to keep them for awhile? 

Always try to ship the eggs to Homer as soon as you can after collecting them. However, if you 

have to keep the eggs for a few days before you can ship them, try to keep them as cool as you 

can (but don’t freeze them). Keeping them in a refrigerator is best, but if you can’t do that, 

keep them in the cooler and put it outside in a cool shady place. 

Who should I ship the eggs to? 

As mentioned above, the collection kits contain pre-printed shipping labels. Send the eggs to 

Dave Roseneau, USFWS Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Highway #1, 

Homer, Alaska 99603-7472. 

Who should I contact before I ship the eggs? 

Please contact Dave Roseneau at the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge in Homer 

before you send the eggs and tell him when you plan to ship them. Also give him the name of 

the air carrier you plan to use. After you ship the eggs, please contact Dave again to let him 
82

know when they were sent and give him the air carrier’s airway bill number so he can track the 

shipment. 

Dave can be contacted by phone (907-226-4613 or 907-235-6546), fax (907-235-7783), or email (<dave_roseneau@fws.gov>). If you can’t reach Dave, please contact Vern Byrd (phone 

907-235-6546, fax 907-235-7783, e-mail <vernon_byrd@fws.gov>). He’s Dave’s backup. 

Note: the government phone system will not accept collect calls. Please call direct, give them 

your number, and tell them to call you back. 

What shipper should I use to ship the eggs? 

Always try to use the air carrier servicing your community that is willing to ship the eggs 

freight collect. If you have any problems shipping the eggs, call or e-mail Dave and he’ll help 

you. 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

PLEASE REMEMBER TO CONTACT DAVE ROSENEAU or VERN BYRD BEFORE 

SHIPPING EGGS TO HOMER (see above).
83

Appendix 3. The Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) gull egg collection 

protocol. Note: Instructions are in non-SI (English) units so as to be understood by all collectors who 

may not have scientific training. 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING GULL EGGS

Welcome to the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP). We appreciate your 

participation in this long-term monitoring study of contaminants in northern marine ecosystems 

using murre and seagull eggs. 

This collection kit consists of 2 plastic Coleman coolers big enough to hold up to 18 gull eggs 

each for a total of 36 eggs. One of the coolers contains Ziploc bags and pre-printed labels for 

labeling the eggs. It also contains several layers of foam padding for packing the eggs, several 

pairs of clean disposable gloves for handling the eggs, duct tape for securely taping the cooler 

shut, pencils for filling out the egg labels, pre-printed shipping labels for shipping the coolers, 

some “fragile” and “this side up” stickers for the outside of the coolers, copies of these 

instructions, and copies of the permits needed to collect and transport the eggs. 

Some kits also contain disposable cameras for taking pictures of nesting areas and birds. If you 

find a disposable camera in your collection kit, please use it to photograph the nesting area 

where you collected the eggs and some of your collecting activities. Try to get some close-ups 

of the birds—these pictures will help confirm the species for our long-term database. Please 

send the used camera back with the eggs when you ship them to us. 

How many gull eggs should I collect?

Collect up to 36 gull eggs from a total of 12 nests. Please don’t take eggs from more than 12 

nests and please don’t collect more than a total of 36 eggs, the maximum number you are 

allowed to take under the enclosed permit. 

When should I collect the gull eggs?

Try to collect the eggs during the first 2 weeks of the laying season starting a few days after

you’re sure the birds have finished laying eggs and have completed their clutches. If that’s not 

possible, collect the eggs when you can and let us know how early or late you think it was 

compared to when the birds first started laying eggs (for example, “right when they first started 

laying eggs”, “about three weeks after they started laying eggs”, “just before the eggs hatched”, 

etc.). 

Which nests should I collect the gull eggs from?

First Choice: When you go to the gull nesting area to collect the eggs, look for nests that have 

3 eggs in them. If you’re lucky enough to find 12 nests that have 3 eggs in each one of them 

and you collect all of the eggs, you will be done. In this particular case, the total number of 

eggs collected will be 36 (36 eggs from 12 nests containing 3 eggs each). 
84

Second Choice: If you can’t find 12 gull nests with 3 eggs in each one, take all of the eggs 

from as many 3-egg nests as you can find, and then look for nests that have 2 eggs in them. 

Then take all of the eggs from enough of the 2-egg nests to meet the sampling quota of 12 

nests. For example, if you can only find 3 nests that contain 3 eggs each, you’ll need to find 9 

more nests that contain 2 eggs each to equal 12 nests. In this particular case, if you’re 

successful in finding 9 nests containing 2 eggs each, the total number of eggs collected will be 

27 (9 eggs from 3 nests containing 3 eggs each and 18 eggs from 9 nests containing 2 eggs 

each). 

Third Choice: If you can’t find any nests with 3 eggs, try to find 12 nests that have 2 eggs in 

each one of them, and if you do, collect all of these eggs. In this particular case, the total 

number of eggs collected will be 24 (24 eggs from 12 nests containing 2 eggs each). 

Fourth Choice: If you can only find a few nests with 2 eggs, take all of the eggs from as many 

of them as you can find, and then look for nests that have 1 egg in them. Then take the eggs 

from enough of the 1-egg nests to meet the sampling quota of 12 nests. For example, if you can 

only find 5 nests that contain 2 eggs each, you’ll need to find 7 more nests that contain 1 egg 

each to equal 12 nests. In this particular case, if you’re successful in finding 7 nests containing 

1 egg each, the total number of eggs collected will be 17 (10 eggs from 5 nests containing 2 

eggs each and 7 eggs from 7 nests containing 1 egg each). 

Fifth Choice: If it happens to be a year when nesting conditions are poor and some or all of the 

gulls only manage to lay 1 egg or less per pair, try to collect 12 eggs from 12 nests that contain 

1 egg each. In this particular case, if you’re successful in finding 12 nests that have 1 egg each, 

the total number of eggs collected will be 12 (12 eggs from 12 nests containing 1 egg each). 

Note: if you can’t find at least 6 nests that contain 1 egg each, don’t collect any eggs and wait 

until the next year. Also, please let us know if the birds failed to lay a normal number of eggs. 

How should I handle the gull eggs when I collect them?

When you pick the eggs up from the nests, always wear one of the gloves that we have put in 

the collection kit to make sure you don’t accidentally contaminate the eggs with gasoline, oil, 

or insect repellant that might be on your hands (all of these substances can go right through the 

egg shells and contaminate the contents). As a general rule, always try to avoid touching the 

eggs with your bare hands, particularly if there’s any chance that there might be some residual 

outboard fuel, oil, or insect repellant on them. 

Bagging the Eggs: When you pick the eggs up, put them in the Ziploc bags that you’ll find in 

the collection kit. Please put each egg in a separate bag (in other words, never put more than 1 

egg in a single bag). After you’ve put an egg in a bag, please do the following: 

(a) Gently squeeze the air out of the Ziploc bag before you close it and then gently wrap the 

closed the bag around the egg. 

 (b) Put the bagged egg into a second Ziploc bag along with one of the pre-printed labels after 

you have written the number of the nest it came from on the label with a pencil (see below). 

Note: if a nest contains more than one egg, always use the same nest number for each egg 

collected from that particular nest (see below). As an example, if you collect all of the eggs 
85

from a nest containing 3 eggs, you will have 3 separately bagged and labeled eggs that will 

have the same nest number written on their labels—this will tell us that all 3 of these eggs 

came from the same nest (in other words, they all belonged to the same clutch of eggs).

 (c) Gently squeeze the air out of the second Ziploc bag before you close it and then gently 

wrap it around the egg. The double-bagged, labeled egg is now ready to be packed for 

shipping (see below). Note: squeezing the air out of the bags before sealing them is 

important—it prevents the eggs from rolling around loose in bubbles of trapped air.

How should I label the eggs when I collect them?

The collection kit contains pre-printed labels for the eggs. Please use the enclosed pencil to fill 

out one label for each egg you collect (please don’t use ball point pens). When you fill out the 

labels, use a different number for each nest you collect eggs from. To do this, simply number 

the nests from 1 to 12 and use these numbers to label the eggs. If more than 1 egg is present in 

a nest, use the same nest number for each egg collected from that particular nest. That way, 

we’ll know that the eggs labeled with the same nest numbers came from the same clutch of 

eggs. Here’s an example: If Nest No. 5 at the Kukpuk River contained 3 eggs and you collected 

all of them, each one of the three separately bagged eggs from that nest should have a label 

with the number “5” written on it like shown below). 

Collected by: ___________________ 

Date: __________________________ 

Species: _____Glaucous Gull______ 

Location: ______Kukpuk River____ 

Nest No.: _________5_____________ 

Comments: _____________________ 

The species and location will be pre-printed on the labels you receive. You only have to fill in 

the missing information (your name, the date you collected the eggs, the number you gave the 

nest [“5” in the example shown above—please remember to give a different number to each 

nest you collect eggs from!], and any comments you might have (for example, “collected late 

in the season”, “did not use gloves”, “eggs almost ready to hatch”, etc.). Note: in some cases, 

you may also find your name pre-printed on the labels. 

How should I pack the eggs for shipping? 

Use the Coleman coolers for shipping containers and carefully pack the bagged eggs in them 

following the directions listed below. 
86

The coolers are designed to safely hold up to 18 gull eggs each. Each cooler contains 3 large 

pieces of foam padding about 4 inches thick labeled layer #1, #2, and #3, and 1-2 smaller 

pieces of foam glued into the recessed cavity in the underside of the lid. Pack the eggs in the 

coolers as follows: 

(i) Remove foam layers #1 and #2 from the cooler and leave layer #3 in the bottom of the 

container. 

(j) Lay 10 of the doubled-bagged eggs on their sides in the two grooves in layer #3 in the 10 

designated spots—don’t let the eggs touch each other or the walls of the cooler—try to 

space them about 1 inch apart—if you have trouble keeping them in place, use pieces of 

tape to secure them to the foam). 

(k)Put layer #2 back into the cooler, grooved side up, and gently push it down onto the first 

layer of eggs to hold them firmly in place. 

(l) Lay 8 of the doubled-bagged eggs on their sides in the two grooves in layer #2 in the 8 

designated spots—again, don’t let the eggs touch each other or the walls of the cooler—try 

to space them at least 1 inch apart—if you have trouble keeping them in place, use a piece 

of tape to secure them to the foam. 

(m)Put layer #1 back into the cooler following the directions marked on it and gently push it 

down onto the second layer of eggs to hold them firmly in place. 

(n)Put the shipping form on top of layer #1. 

(o)If you are sending a disposable camera back with the eggs, fit it into one of the gaps next to 

the foam glued to the underside of the lid and tape it in place., 

(p)Close the lid and tape it shut by wrapping 2-3 layers of duct tape completely around the 

cooler about 6 inches in from each end, just like it was taped shut when you received it. 

(q)Tape the pre-printed shipping label securely to the top of the lid, and stick the “Keep Cool” 

and “Handle with Care” labels on the top and sides of the container. The cooler is now 

ready for shipping (see shipping instructions below). 

How should I store the eggs if I have to keep them for awhile? 

Always try to ship the eggs to Homer as soon as you can after collecting them. However, if you 

have to keep the eggs for a few days before you can ship them, try to keep them as cool as you 

can (but don’t freeze them). Keeping them in a refrigerator is best, but if you can’t do that, 

keep them in the cooler and put it outside in a cool shady place. 

Who should I ship the eggs to? 

As mentioned above, the collection kits contain pre-printed shipping labels. Send the eggs to 

Dave Roseneau, USFWS Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Highway #1, 

Homer, Alaska 99603-7472. 

Who should I contact before I ship the eggs? 

Please contact Dave Roseneau at the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge in Homer 

before you send the eggs and tell him when you plan to ship them. Also give him the name of 
87

the air carrier you plan to use. After you ship the eggs, please contact Dave again to let him 

know when they were sentand give him the air carrier’s airway bill number so he can track the 

shipment. 

Dave can be contacted by phone (907-226-4613 or 907-235-6546), fax (907-235-7783), or email (<dave_roseneau@fws.gov>). If you can’t reach Dave, please contact Vern Byrd (phone 

907-235-6546, fax 907-235-7783, e-mail <vernon_byrd@fws.gov>). He’s Dave’s backup. 

Note: the government phone system will not accept collect calls. Please call direct, give them 

your number, and tell them to call you back. 

What air carrier should I use to ship the eggs? 

Always try to use the air carrier servicing your community that is willing to ship the eggs 

freight collect. If you have any problems shipping the eggs, call or e-mail Dave and he’ll help 

you. 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

PLEASE REMEMBER TO CONTACT DAVE ROSENEAU or VERN BYRD BEFORE 

SHIPPING EGGS TO HOMER (see above).
88

Appendix 4. A typical murre egg collecting kit used during this study. 
89

Appendix 5. Percent lipid results for STAMP egg samples with SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish 

Tissue and Murre Egg Control Material results compared to reference values. 

Egg CM (03-04) Egg CM (05) SRM1946

% lipid 11.3 11.2 9.07

Reference Value 11.8 ± 1.1 11.8 ± 1.1 10.17 ± 0.48

Mean SD RSD

Sample 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306

% lipid 11.0 10.4 11.1 10.0 10.4 11.4 10.7 11.2 9.75 10.2 10.6 0.54 5.1

Sample 308 311 312 314 315 317 318 319 320 321

% lipid 8.45 8.52 10.8 10.2 9.42 10.6 10.7 10.0 9.39 10.1 9.82 0.85 8.7

Sample 322 324 325 327 330 331 332 333 335 336

% lipid 9.09 11.4 10.7 10.2 9.62 9.48 9.25 11.2 9.94 9.31 10.0 0.84 8.4

Sample 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471

% lipid 11.3 10.0 10.4 9.73 9.71 10.5 10.0 10.6 10.3 0.53 5.1

Sample 489 490 491 492

% lipid 10.7 10.5 9.19 9.67 10.0 0.70 7.0

Sample 493 494 495 496 497 498 500 501

% lipid 10.4 9.72 10.8 10.7 9.49 10.7 10.5 9.67 10.2 0.53 5.2

Sample 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 513

% lipid 9.18 10.7 10.5 11.2 9.24 10.9 10.3 9.17 10.1 0.83 8.2

Sample 676 677 678 681 683

% lipid 10.9 11.0 10.9 9.06 9.94 10.4 0.85 8.2

Sample 748 756 757 758 760

% lipid 11.0 12.0 10.7 11.2 11.1 11.2 0.47 4.2

Sample 761 764 767 768 771

% lipid 11.2 10.3 11.3 11.0 9.19 10.6 0.88 8.3

Sample 777 780 782 783 844

% lipid 10.3 9.82 8.86 10.2 11.2 10.1 0.84 8.3

Sample 862 863 866 869 871

% lipid 10.3 10.0 11.1 11.8 11.6 11.0 0.77 7.1

CPEI05

SLED05

BLUFF05

BOGO05

CHDU04

MIDD04

GULL04

CDEN05

STLA03

MIDD03

EAAM03

STLA04
90

Appendix 6. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish Tissue and Murre Egg Control Material compared to reference values and maximum limits of detection or quantitation. Compounds in red were above reference value range, while those in blue were below; toxaphene congener reference values are from Kucklick et al. (2004). 

SRM 1946 Certified Murre Egg CM Max LOD

Compound or Reference Values Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Reference Values Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 or LOQ2,4'-DDD 2.20 + 0.25 1.18 1.16 <0.100 <LOD <LOD 0.219

2,4'-DDE 1.04 + 0.29 1.14 1.07 <0.7 0.155 0.142 0.2202,4'-DDT 22.3 + 3.2 23.0 23.1 <1; 0.108 ± 0.10 <LOD <LOD 0.2184,4,'-DDD 17.7 + 2.8 12.2 11.2 <3 <LOQ <LOQ 3.23

4,4'-DDE 373 + 48 380 378 69.5 ± 6.3 66.5 66.4 0.220

4,4'-DDT 37.2 + 3.5 45.0 46.0 <1 <LOD <LOD 0.218

-HCH 5.72 + 0.65 5.83 5.86 5.99 1.16 ± 0.18 1.11 1.14 0.985 0.243

-HCH 0.558 0.458 0.503 24.9 ± 4.3 21.1 25.2 23.3 0.241

-HCH 1.14 + 0.18 1.10 1.10 0.929 <0.4; 0.342 ± 0.024 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.862

cis-chlordane 32.5 + 1.8 33.3 32.7 32.3 0.254 ± 0.024 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 16.0cis-nonachlor 59.1 + 3.6 58.4 62.4 55.3 1.94 ± 0.48 1.52 1.51 1.63 0.557

trans-chlordane 8.36 + 0.91 20.5 20.4 20.4 <2 <LOD <LOD 0.0827 0.239

trans-nonachlor 99.6 + 7.6 105 103 106 0.481 ± 0.1 0.367 0.378 0.434 0.221heptachlor 0.146 <LOD <0.100 <LOD <LOD 0.220heptachlor epoxide 5.50 + 0.23 5.83 5.90 5.74 4.41 ± 0.3 4.11 4.11 4.21 1.71

oxychlordane 18.9 + 1.5 18.6 18.7 18.4 7.16 ± 0.7 7.76 7.57 7.38 3.99

aldrin <LOD <LOD <0.100 <LOD <LOD 0.220dieldrin 32.5 + 3.5 32.6 33.8 3.34 ± 0.36 3.24 3.40 0.219

HCB 7.25 + 0.83 7.81 7.86 7.64 34.0 ± 5.3 39.3 39.7 38.5 0.289

mirex 6.47 + 0.77 6.57 6.54 6.53 1.58 ± 0.16 1.60 1.53 1.58 0.554

octachlorosytrene 4.06 4.15 0.913 ± 0.087 0.888 0.816 0.0406

pentachlorobenzene 0.253 0.291 0.289 1.93 ± 0.5 2.13 2.57 2.36 0.179

DETOX-401 31.0 + 3.7 51.4 50.5 45.9 11.2 11.0 10.0 0.118DETOX-402 86.6 + 5.6 102 110 113 4.21 4.56 4.61 1.47DETOX-403 54.6 + 4.1 13.1 14.5 13.3 0.525 0.499 0.504 0.353DE-TOX-404 5.46 5.83 5.63 <LOQ <LOQ 0.455 1.28DETOX-408 34.3 30.5 31.7 0.635 0.684 0.731 0.169DETOX-410 3.53 3.28 3.68 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.664DETOX-411 11.6 11.7 9.80 0.116 0.110 0.110 0.174DETOX-412 1.19 1.21 1.13 <LOQ <LOQ 0.158 0.441DETOX-414 3.49 3.29 3.47 0.155 0.162 0.155 0.166DETOX-417 4.38 3.83 4.19 1.06 1.12 1.16 0.536DETOX-418 6.06 6.14 6.53 <LOQ <LOQ 0.147 0.400DETOX-422a 0.282 0.277 0.321 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.408DETOX-422b 0.254 0.261 0.229 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0534DETOX-423 0.305 0.359 0.328 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.695DETOX-439 41.9 42.1 43.2 2.45 2.44 2.25 1.58DETOX-441 0.454 0.434 0.412 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.133DETOX-442 3.83 3.94 3.82 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 2.43DETOX-444 9.92 9.12 10.6 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.409DE-TOX-445 15.2 15.6 13.9 0.636 0.642 0.646 0.461DETOX-448 0.903 0.919 1.03 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.175DETOX-449 1.21 1.18 1.16 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.411DETOX-453 28.3 29.4 25.0 1.70 1.78 1.60 0.131DETOX-454 15.5 15.0 14.8 0.573 0.554 0.595 0.529DETOX-455 11.5 11.2 10.6 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.325

SRM 1946 Murre Egg CM
91

Appendix 7. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in SRM 1946 Lake 

Superior Fish Tissue and Murre Egg Control Material compared to reference values and 

maximum limits of detection or quantitation. Compounds in red were above reference value 

range, while those in blue were below. 

SRM 1946 Certified Murre Egg CM Max LOD

Compound or Reference Values Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Reference Values Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 or LOQ

BDE 17 0.1 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.441

BDE 25 <0.2 0.0938 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.255

BDE 28 0.834 0.888 <LOQ <LOQ 0.507

BDE 30 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.226

BDE 47 29.9+2.3 30.7 29.8 0.771 ± 0.14 0.777 0.795 0.222

BDE 49 1.10+0.23 0.942 0.967 <LOQ <LOQ 2.59

BDE 66 1.35+0.16 2.00 2.08 <LOD <LOD 0.298

BDE 71 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.210

BDE 74 0.213 0.214 <LOD <LOD 0.259

BDE 75 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.244

BDE 85 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.242

BDE 97+118 0.505 0.563 <LOD <LOD 0.361

BDE 99 18.5+2.1 17.3 17.2 0.530 ± 0.21 <LOQ <LOQ 1.70

BDE 100 8.57+0.52 8.23 8.43 0.310 ± 0.13 <LOQ <LOQ 0.939

BDE 101 0.480 0.460 <LOD <LOD 0.274

BDE 116 <0.2 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.494

BDE 119 0.364 0.337 <LOD <LOD 0.293

BDE 138 <0.2 <LOQ <LOQ 0.644 ± 0.087 <LOQ <LOQ 0.494

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.323

BDE 153 2.81+0.41 2.83 2.98 <LOQ <LOQ 2.51

BDE 154 5.77+0.80 5.21 5.45 <LOQ <LOQ 1.65

BDE 155 0.51+0.11 0.517 0.494 <LOQ <LOQ 0.955

BDE 156 <0.2 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.286

BDE 173+190 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.918

BDE 181 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.831

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.431

BDE 183 0.235+0.033 0.235 0.220 <LOQ <LOQ 0.527

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.646

BDE 191 <0.2 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.606

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 28.1

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 11.7

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 10.3

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 11.8

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <0.100 <LOQ <LOQ 0.264

PCB 18 0.84 + 0.11 0.449 0.422 <0.100 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0854

PCB 28+31 2.00 + 0.24; 1.46 + 0.20 2.80 2.76 2.49 ± 0.51 2.22 2.15 0.0582

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <0.100 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0646

PCB 44 4.66 + 0.86 3.41 3.20 <0.100 <LOD <LOD 0.0249

PCB 45 2.45 2.53 <0.100 0.0482 <LOQ 0.0150

PCB 49 3.8 + 0.39 2.98 2.96 <0.15 0.0646 0.0516 0.0337

PCB 52 8.1 + 1.0 6.78 6.68 0.234 ± 0.095 0.134 0.127 0.0458

PCB 56 5.77 + 0.93 3.07 3.70 0.746 ± 0.059 0.545 0.535 0.0387

PCB 63 1.28 + 0.19 1.19 1.14 <0.6; 0.500 ± 0.043 <LOQ <LOQ 1.65

PCB 66 10.8 + 1.9 7.94 7.98 2.41 ± 0.12 1.88 1.75 0.0605

PCB 70 14.9 + 0.6 10.5 9.94 0.205 ± 0.018 0.136 0.137 0.0205

PCB 74 4.83 + 0.51 4.09 4.24 1.92 ± 0.061 1.48 1.41 0.0821

PCB 79 0.0564 0.0354 0.165 ± 0.026 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0670

PCB 82 0.115 0.122 <0.100 <LOD 0.0382 0.0301

PCB 87 9.4 + 1.4 9.82 10.2 <0.15; 0.106 ± 0.0051 0.101 0.0937 0.0345

PCB 92 8.18 7.55 <0.100 <LOQ 0.0155 0.0328

PCB 95+121 11.4 + 1.3 12.5 12.6 <0.3 0.0652 0.0643 0.0578

PCB 99 25.6 + 2.3 25.4 26.0 3.93 ± 0.17 3.77 3.96 0.119

PCB 101 34.6 + 2.6 32.2 31.8 0.835 ± 0.7 0.295 0.274 0.0880

PCB 105 19.9 + 0.93 19.0 19.2 1.84 ± 0.47 1.62 1.59 0.0564

SRM 1946 Murre Egg CM
92

Appendix 7 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in SRM 1946 

Lake Superior Fish Tissue and Murre Egg Control Material compared to reference values and 

maximum limits of detection or quantitation. Compounds in red were above reference value 

range, while those in blue were below. 

SRM 1946 Certified Murre Egg CM Max LOD

Compound or Reference Values Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Reference Values Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 or LOQ

PCB 106 0.0165 0.00915 <0.100 <LOD 0.00624 0.0123

PCB 107 8.86 + 0.20 7.23 6.96 <0.7; 0.472 ± 0.022 0.373 0.369 0.0745

PCB 110 22.8 + 2.0 22.4 22.8 <0.100 0.0747 0.0551 0.0791

PCB 112 0.0758 0.0858 0.0109 0.0141 0.0187

PCB 114 1.42 1.56 <0.5; 0.271 ± 0.017 0.237 0.281 0.00634

PCB 118 52.1 + 1.0 48.9 47.6 6.53 ± 1.1 5.51 5.33 0.202

PCB 119 0.852 0.952 <0.100 0.0919 0.0971 0.0132

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <0.100 <LOD <LOD 0.0301

PCB 128 22.8 + 1.9 21.4 22.4 0.809 ± 0.077 0.709 0.724 0.0521

PCB 130 6.81 6.68 0.298 ± 0.018 0.305 0.313 0.0111

PCB 137 4.43 4.41 <4 0.187 0.197 0.00919

PCB 138 115 + 13 104 103 5.76 ± 1.5 4.51 4.43 0.293

PCB 146 30.1 + 3.5 26.9 26.8 2.47 ± 0.022 2.06 2.01 0.0683

PCB 149 26.3 + 1.3 25.4 25.1 0.403 ± 0.1 0.221 0.264 0.0840

PCB 151 8.34 8.40 <0.2 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0739

PCB 153+132 170 + 9 167 167 11.0 ± 0.26 10.0 9.98 0.529

PCB 154 1.29 1.26 <0.2 0.0500 0.0573 0.0246

PCB 156 9.52 + 0.51 7.89 7.93 0.557 ± 0.12 0.473 0.438 0.0170

PCB 157 2.06 1.95 0.210 ± 0.014 0.130 0.117 0.0133

PCB 158 7.66 + 0.88 7.80 7.99 0.317 ± 0.063 0.297 0.299 0.0312

PCB 159 0.146 0.134 <0.100 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0421

PCB 163 31.8 + 0.8 31.9 32.6 2.00 ± 0.16 1.98 1.92 0.123

PCB 165 0.229 0.232 0.117 ± 0.0090 0.0121 0.00662 0.00472

PCB 166 0.513 0.513 0.253 ± 0.023 0.0407 0.0589 0.00739

PCB 167 5.08 4.86 0.468 ± 0.037 0.328 0.310 0.0183

PCB 170 25.2 + 2.2 27.0 28.9 1.47 ± 0.72 0.863 0.831 0.110

PCB 172 7.18 6.80 0.371 ± 0.028 0.323 0.309 0.0148

PCB 174 9.3 + 1.3 8.44 7.96 <0.100 0.0284 0.0286 0.0250

PCB 175 1.55 1.43 0.266 ± 0.019 <LOQ 0.0818 0.205

PCB 176 0.569 0.527 <0.2 <LOD 0.00286 0.00733

PCB 177 13.7 13.8 0.395 ± 0.092 0.251 0.275 0.0308

PCB 178 9.85 9.98 0.429 ± 0.020 0.372 0.414 0.100

PCB 180+193 74.4 + 4.0; 5.78 + 0.72 73.6 74.1 2.28 ± 0.18 1.90 1.97 0.476

PCB 183 21.9 + 2.5 20.0 19.7 0.838 ± 0.094 0.633 0.641 0.0321

PCB 185 1.90 1.97 <0.100 0.0133 <LOD 0.0132

PCB 187 55.2 + 2.1 54.7 55.1 2.94 ± 0.09 2.74 2.93 0.205

PCB 188 0.301 0.305 <0.3; 0.194 ± 0.019 0.0150 0.0122 0.00403

PCB 189 1.29 1.33 <0.100 0.0435 0.0385 0.00475

PCB 191 0.863 0.781 <0.100 0.0146 0.00870 0.0147

PCB 194 13.0 + 1.3 12.4 12.3 <0.6; 0.316 ± 0.029 0.297 0.314 0.0292

PCB 195 5.30 + 0.45 4.48 5.14 <0.3; 0.148 ± 0.019 0.105 0.129 0.0201

PCB 196 19.4 19.0 <1; 0.724 ± 0.061 0.408 0.394 0.0612

PCB 197 1.37 1.38 0.148 ± 0.011 0.0473 0.0495 0.0175

PCB 199 60.2 60.9 <1.5; 0.631 ± 0.022 2.11 2.15 0.102

PCB 200 0.00815 0.00786 <0.3 <LOD <LOD 0.00390

PCB 201 2.83 + 0.13 13.9 12.8 <0.3; 0.198 ± 0.017 0.526 0.489 0.0997

PCB 202 4.13 4.14 <0.100 0.0408 0.0271 0.0256

PCB 205 0.779 0.797 <0.100 0.0178 <LOD 0.0151

PCB 206 5.40 + 0.43 4.56 4.57 <0.100 0.0985 0.0633 0.0278

PCB 207 0.991 0.840 <0.100 0.0436 0.0325 0.0147

PCB 208 1.64 1.54 <0.100 0.0629 0.0640 0.140

PCB 209 1.30 + 0.21 0.973 1.00 <0.100 0.103 0.0878 0.0299

SRM 1946 Murre Egg CM
93

Appendix 8. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs cSt. Lazaria Island in 2003. 

Compound 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 Mean 

2,4'-DDD 0.101 <LOD 0.0786 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0402 

2,4'-DDE 0.218 0.456 0.153 0.316 0.686 <LOD 0.118 0.317 0.314 0.407 0.305 

2,4'-DDT 0.129 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0873 <LOD 0.0939 <LOD 0.103 0.0603 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

4,4'-DDE 150 286 148 151 172 195 121 173 133 233 176 

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.184 0.462 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0879 

-HCH 0.941 0.845 0.925 0.839 1.39 0.910 0.518 1.16 0.948 1.10 0.957 

-HCH 14.2 26.6 26.4 26.7 18.9 28.1 8.56 22.4 10.2 29.9 21.2 

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.323 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.128 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

cis-nonachlor 0.488 1.10 5.23 1.25 9.94 0.940 <LOQ 0.631 0.301 1.01 2.10 

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.18 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.166 

trans-nonachlor <LOD 0.0859 1.03 0.164 6.15 0.277 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.790 

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

heptachlor epoxide 1.76 3.20 5.31 2.80 5.54 2.27 1.34 1.94 0.907 2.63 2.77 

oxychlordane 5.99 11.2 8.46 7.53 9.70 10.0 3.83 6.24 3.42 11.1 7.74 

dieldrin 2.96 2.58 2.81 3.09 4.87 3.67 0.901 3.70 0.850 5.28 3.07 

HCB 25.7 31.9 25.0 26.4 22.8 31.4 20.6 31.3 20.4 31.6 26.7 

mirex 1.51 1.99 1.98 1.91 2.20 3.04 1.00 1.60 0.897 1.95 1.81 

octachlorosytrene 0.787 0.969 0.737 0.869 0.896 1.25 0.501 0.972 0.556 1.08 0.862 

pentachlorobenzene 1.74 1.94 1.23 1.18 0.975 2.23 1.40 2.00 1.30 2.13 1.61 

DETOX-401 11.0 13.3 17.2 15.0 27.2 15.3 2.06 9.25 5.56 18.5 13.5 

DETOX-402 1.82 2.83 13.6 2.56 28.9 2.17 1.10 1.33 0.979 1.76 5.71 

DETOX-403 4.04 4.25 2.84 3.47 3.25 1.61 1.22 4.96 1.83 2.47 2.99 

DE-TOX-404 0.468 <LOQ 0.464 <LOQ 0.607 0.433 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.445 0.341 

DETOX-408 2.51 3.89 2.54 3.03 4.36 2.10 1.31 3.48 1.38 1.98 2.66 

DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-411 <LOQ <LOQ 0.381 <LOQ 1.13 0.0634 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.178 

DETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ 0.154 <LOQ 0.393 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.124 

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.199 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0464 

DETOX-417 0.945 1.19 0.806 1.03 0.938 1.27 0.661 1.11 0.748 1.16 0.985 

DETOX-418 0.345 0.588 0.440 0.290 0.399 0.631 <LOQ 0.516 0.310 0.356 0.389 

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-439 1.63 1.95 3.07 1.98 3.07 2.11 0.607 1.52 1.02 2.30 1.93 

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODDETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.830 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.462 

DETOX-444 0.154 0.148 0.359 0.263 0.462 0.188 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.207 0.206 

DE-TOX-445 0.341 0.462 0.456 0.390 1.45 0.294 0.162 0.477 0.213 0.321 0.456 

DETOX-448 <LOQ 0.0774 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0597 0.0672 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0408 

DETOX-449 0.210 0.188 0.208 0.184 0.301 0.143 <LOQ 0.220 0.149 0.165 0.178 

DETOX-453 1.55 1.77 1.49 1.55 2.21 2.01 0.412 1.24 0.965 2.13 1.53 

DETOX-454 0.229 0.247 1.06 0.305 3.02 0.231 <LOQ 0.214 <LOQ <LOQ 0.567 

DETOX-455 0.115 <LOQ <LOQ 0.118 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0728 
94

Appendix 9. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre egcollected at Middleton Island in 2003. 

Compound 308 311 312 314 315 317 318 319 320 321 Mean 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE 0.187 0.196 <LOD 0.135 0.132 0.149 0.166 <LOD 0.137 0.136 0.132 

2,4'-DDT 0.111 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.228 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0616 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

4,4'-DDE 97.9 106 48.1 71.0 76.2 98.8 74.8 125 73.8 64.5 83.6 

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

-HCH 1.47 1.79 1.08 1.30 1.69 0.940 1.80 1.06 1.11 1.64 1.39 

-HCH 55.1 27.0 18.0 31.8 36.9 17.5 37.4 29.9 25.1 32.4 31.1 

-HCH <LOQ 0.324 <LOQ <LOQ 0.322 <LOQ 0.339 <LOQ <LOQ 0.312 0.191 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

cis-nonachlor 1.31 0.512 <LOQ 0.678 0.618 0.364 0.952 1.53 0.252 0.752 0.703 

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

trans-nonachlor 0.111 <LOD 0.0787 0.0890 0.111 <LOD <LOD 0.126 0.664 0.101 0.141 

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

heptachlor epoxide 4.46 2.84 1.74 2.93 2.59 2.03 4.06 5.40 2.36 3.49 3.19 

oxychlordane 8.67 7.79 3.82 8.70 5.85 6.74 8.94 11.5 5.75 6.19 7.39 

dieldrin 5.76 2.58 2.14 2.91 3.24 4.70 4.74 6.07 2.32 3.85 3.83 

HCB 29.5 34.1 24.6 25.5 32.9 22.7 38.2 32.2 33.3 26.7 30.0 

mirex 1.53 1.28 0.752 1.44 1.66 1.33 0.942 1.98 0.886 1.12 1.29 

octachlorosytrene 0.705 0.668 0.482 0.554 0.892 0.687 0.504 0.583 0.550 0.431 0.606 

pentachlorobenzene 2.47 3.04 2.19 1.85 3.28 1.73 3.95 2.00 3.42 1.68 2.56 

DETOX-401 13.2 13.5 2.15 8.57 9.01 9.58 12.7 18.4 2.34 8.80 9.82 

DETOX-402 2.99 1.60 1.15 1.76 2.05 1.58 2.35 4.45 1.12 1.99 2.10 

DETOX-403 0.716 0.718 0.363 0.523 0.796 0.638 0.462 0.993 0.506 0.484 0.620 

DE-TOX-404 0.543 0.461 <LOQ 0.442 0.556 <LOQ <LOQ 0.493 <LOQ 0.448 0.410 

DETOX-408 0.950 0.909 0.553 0.785 0.770 0.684 0.593 0.919 0.712 0.664 0.754 DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-411 0.0626 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.154 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0450 

DETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODDETOX-417 0.741 0.720 0.568 0.623 1.09 0.793 0.587 0.778 0.695 0.582 0.718 

DETOX-418 0.456 0.599 0.216 0.315 0.431 0.376 0.535 0.302 0.575 0.547 0.435 

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-439 3.22 2.49 0.770 1.97 2.18 1.88 2.13 3.03 0.849 2.35 2.09 

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODDETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-444 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DE-TOX-445 0.230 0.185 <LOQ 0.205 0.183 0.171 0.195 0.208 <LOQ 0.198 0.176 

DETOX-448 0.0653 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0679 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0413 

DETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-453 2.53 2.37 0.440 1.54 1.89 1.53 1.89 3.41 0.512 1.65 1.78 

DETOX-454 0.324 0.200 <LOQ 0.250 0.233 0.234 0.244 0.309 <LOQ 0.297 0.216 DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
95

Appendix 10. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggEast Amatuli Island in 2003. 

Compound 322 324 325 327 330 331 332 333 335 336 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

2,4'-DDE 0.201 <LOD 0.119 0.128 0.105 0.0950 0.0736 0.110 0.0741 <LOD 

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

4,4'-DDE 78.4 69.6 60.6 107 90.2 63.1 53.9 94.1 66.0 51.0 

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

-HCH 1.14 1.22 2.01 0.952 0.816 0.911 1.34 1.43 1.44 1.17 

-HCH 49.3 58.0 23.1 19.4 14.5 22.2 21.3 20.9 21.1 18.2 

-HCH <LOQ 0.399 0.371 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-nonachlor 8.00 3.57 0.690 0.395 0.252 0.347 0.442 0.239 0.414 0.230 

trans-chlordane 1.30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

trans-nonachlor 4.08 0.809 <LOD 0.125 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0783 <LOD 

heptachlor <LOD 0.0749 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

heptachlor epoxide 9.77 7.00 2.44 1.53 1.60 1.62 1.71 1.50 1.93 1.43 

oxychlordane 8.99 9.37 4.97 5.92 4.84 4.42 3.87 3.85 3.81 3.17 

dieldrin 10.9 7.72 4.98 2.59 3.20 3.11 3.32 2.85 2.74 3.14 

HCB 30.0 31.1 19.4 21.8 18.2 24.7 24.5 30.0 21.6 22.0 

mirex 2.06 1.94 1.39 1.29 0.894 0.983 1.07 1.27 1.19 0.924 

octachlorosytrene 0.907 0.850 0.678 0.743 0.554 0.642 0.640 0.831 0.569 0.544 

pentachlorobenzene 1.51 2.16 1.89 1.84 1.65 1.72 1.77 2.67 1.71 2.21 

DETOX-401 15.0 17.1 6.56 7.32 7.61 5.75 6.52 5.69 6.11 4.69 DETOX-402 19.5 8.43 2.07 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.34 1.04 1.11 0.831 DETOX-403 0.699 0.649 0.587 0.700 0.494 0.541 0.524 0.599 0.755 0.434 

DE-TOX-404 0.792 0.734 0.491 0.482 <LOQ 0.550 0.508 0.462 0.501 0.476 

DETOX-408 2.43 1.55 0.894 0.745 0.652 0.527 0.659 0.472 0.406 0.595 

DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-411 0.926 0.299 0.0759 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-412 0.348 0.150 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-414 0.590 0.150 0.0571 <LOD <LOD 0.112 <LOD 0.0699 0.0657 <LOD 

DETOX-417 0.964 0.845 0.807 0.756 0.579 0.707 0.840 0.863 0.725 0.688 

DETOX-418 1.05 0.942 0.752 0.325 0.534 0.259 0.654 1.06 0.306 0.579 

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-439 4.43 2.73 1.49 1.20 1.29 1.31 1.35 1.21 1.23 0.946 DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD DETOX-442 2.50 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-444 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DE-TOX-445 0.588 0.267 0.220 0.193 0.166 0.170 0.195 0.170 0.175 0.198 

DETOX-448 0.163 0.102 <LOQ 0.0708 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-449 0.184 0.188 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-453 3.35 2.15 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.16 1.14 1.08 0.954 0.833 

DETOX-454 3.40 0.831 0.269 <LOQ 0.191 0.183 0.215 <LOQ 0.179 0.180 

DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 
96

Appendix 11. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs colle

Duck Islands in 2004. 

Compound 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 Mean SD RSD 489 490 491 49

2,4'-DDD 0.0998 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0482 0.029 61 <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

2,4'-DDE 0.227 0.298 0.129 0.242 0.194 0.0780 0.192 <LOD 0.173 0.090 52 0.123 0.0890 0.102 0.0

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

4,4'-DDE 130 205 129 134 134 159 130 120 143 28 19 82.4 61.9 99.2 564,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

-HCH 0.916 0.791 0.698 1.55 1.09 1.17 0.958 0.471 0.957 0.33 34 0.891 1.11 0.658 0.6

-HCH 16.9 12.8 8.84 15.5 22.5 14.7 9.71 9.10 13.7 4.7 34 24.2 30.6 11.5 16

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.391 0.287 0.413 <LOQ <LOQ 0.256 0.12 48 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

cis-nonachlor 0.651 0.506 <LOQ 0.606 0.643 1.08 0.236 0.374 0.533 0.29 54 0.773 0.872 0.329 0.8

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

trans-nonachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.118 0.669 <LOD 0.119 0.23 190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

heptachlor epoxide 1.87 1.62 1.24 1.60 1.98 2.20 2.18 1.13 1.73 0.40 23 1.78 2.22 1.04 1.

oxychlordane 4.47 5.23 4.66 4.67 5.73 9.03 7.46 3.36 5.58 1.8 33 4.11 5.93 4.23 4.

dieldrin 10.1 3.45 2.62 2.79 3.00 3.48 3.50 2.22 3.90 2.6 66 2.38 4.54 2.02 1.

HCB 23.3 19.7 24.2 25.9 24.2 25.1 18.1 18.8 22.4 3.1 14 23.0 20.5 19.4 19

mirex 1.61 1.85 1.16 1.75 1.37 2.26 1.24 1.06 1.54 0.41 26 1.03 1.39 0.808 1.

octachlorosytrene 0.788 0.716 0.610 0.775 0.639 0.916 0.736 0.563 0.718 0.11 16 0.581 0.662 0.570 0.7

pentachlorobenzene 1.62 1.37 1.59 1.47 1.33 1.19 1.43 1.32 1.41 0.15 10 1.64 2.20 2.03 1.

DETOX-401 10.8 8.26 2.00 7.35 6.37 16.4 2.22 3.70 7.14 4.8 68 8.65 8.89 4.27 6.

DETOX-402 1.06 1.19 1.10 1.11 1.26 2.17 2.47 0.846 1.40 0.59 42 1.29 1.58 0.723 1.

DETOX-403 1.47 1.77 3.53 2.11 1.49 5.98 2.57 1.47 2.55 1.6 61 0.743 0.748 0.731 0.8

DE-TOX-404 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.427 0.453 <LOQ <L

DETOX-408 1.20 1.96 2.55 1.37 1.28 3.53 2.93 0.767 1.95 0.97 50 0.459 0.939 0.277 0.3DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-411 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LDETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0702 <LOD <LOD 0.0

DETOX-417 0.814 0.917 0.738 1.02 0.827 1.09 0.876 0.689 0.871 0.13 15 0.802 0.735 0.712 0.7

DETOX-418 0.233 0.179 <LOQ <LOQ 0.412 0.467 <LOQ <LOQ 0.187 0.17 93 0.601 0.276 0.187 0.7

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <L

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-439 1.16 1.12 0.646 1.19 1.61 1.21 0.635 0.744 1.04 0.34 33 1.67 1.47 0.972 1.

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LDETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-444 0.187 0.183 0.309 0.174 0.149 0.280 0.263 0.149 0.212 0.063 30 0.191 <LOQ <LOQ 0.1

DE-TOX-445 0.278 0.237 0.172 0.185 0.295 0.295 0.197 0.163 0.228 0.056 24 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-448 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LDETOX-453 0.674 0.578 0.308 0.531 1.07 0.860 0.328 0.443 0.600 0.26 44 1.15 1.08 0.745 0.9

DETOX-454 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.205 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0976 0.071 73 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L

DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <L
97

Appendix 12. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in commomurre eggs collected at Middleton Island in 2004. 

Compound 493 494 495 496 497 498 500 501 Mean S

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE 0.252 0.175 0.402 0.238 <LOD 0.144 0.0780 0.131 0.184 0

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

4,4'-DDE 78.8 105 195 116 87.5 83.2 72.2 83.7 103 4,4'-DDT 0.536 <LOD 0.771 0.525 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.247 0

-HCH 2.39 1.07 3.26 2.83 1.10 1.38 1.64 1.03 1.84 0

-HCH 42.5 29.0 52.3 33.1 36.4 24.9 14.5 17.2 31.3 

-HCH 0.551 <LOQ 0.709 0.692 0.497 0.345 0.367 <LOQ 0.427 0

cis-chlordane 6.91 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 3.81 2

cis-nonachlor 10.4 1.02 10.6 11.3 4.26 1.14 0.611 0.486 4.98 4

trans-chlordane 2.56 <LOD 1.52 1.63 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.738 

trans-nonachlor 22.2 <LOD 7.88 9.97 0.342 0.285 <LOD <LOD 5.10 8

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

heptachlor epoxide 6.76 2.22 7.20 7.19 4.28 2.06 1.59 1.58 4.11 2

oxychlordane 7.29 6.59 10.3 10.0 7.89 4.75 4.30 3.35 6.82 2

dieldrin 6.95 3.19 6.70 9.03 5.21 3.47 3.80 9.00 5.92 2

HCB 22.0 23.0 20.7 20.6 18.4 19.1 18.3 16.7 19.8 2

mirex 2.19 1.75 3.38 2.92 2.35 1.62 1.49 1.49 2.15 0

octachlorosytrene 0.784 0.683 0.794 0.811 0.820 0.764 0.777 0.813 0.781 0.

pentachlorobenzene 1.76 2.05 1.65 1.32 1.03 1.62 1.22 1.91 1.57 0

DETOX-401 21.0 8.43 13.6 17.0 20.4 7.46 6.76 7.20 12.7 6

DETOX-402 18.5 1.75 16.0 19.1 8.63 1.30 1.41 0.980 8.46 8

DETOX-403 0.489 0.607 1.17 1.08 0.618 0.498 0.499 0.506 0.683 0

DE-TOX-404 0.741 0.518 0.974 0.725 1.08 0.540 0.505 0.469 0.694 0

DETOX-408 0.837 0.616 1.94 3.20 2.01 0.442 0.373 0.622 1.25 

DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-411 0.544 <LOQ 0.145 0.463 0.356 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.210 0

DETOX-412 0.330 <LOQ 0.573 0.326 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.203 0

DETOX-414 0.580 0.0660 0.385 0.467 0.224 0.0799 0.0981 0.0913 0.249 0

DETOX-417 1.08 0.880 1.09 0.936 0.977 0.934 0.984 0.995 0.984 0.DETOX-418 1.52 1.43 2.05 2.17 2.26 0.382 0.438 0.373 1.33 0

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-439 3.67 1.99 4.04 2.91 3.75 1.40 1.11 1.14 2.50 

DETOX-441 0.0850 <LOD 0.0980 0.0522 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0444 0.

DETOX-442 2.24 <LOQ 2.18 1.43 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.947 0

DETOX-444 0.209 <LOQ 0.185 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.132 0.

DE-TOX-445 2.57 0.213 0.251 1.91 1.12 0.189 0.176 0.174 0.825 0

DETOX-448 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0803 0.

DETOX-453 1.88 1.41 2.76 2.03 4.48 0.798 0.787 0.861 1.88 

DETOX-454 3.22 <LOQ 2.07 3.43 0.903 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.26 

DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
98

Appendix 13. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in commomurre eggs collected at Gull Island in 2004. 

Compound 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 513 Mean SD 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD 0.117 0.162 0.118 0.203 0.0975 <LOD 0.108 0.0

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

4,4'-DDE 44.5 54.4 62.9 57.2 58.0 105 66.4 43.5 61.5 1

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

-HCH 0.960 1.21 1.58 1.56 1.50 1.04 1.55 1.64 1.38 0.2

-HCH 10.2 8.34 24.4 34.5 21.4 19.0 16.9 15.6 18.8 8.

-HCH <LOQ 0.303 0.380 0.372 0.369 <LOQ 0.315 0.337 0.305 0.0

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

cis-nonachlor <LOQ 0.367 1.18 6.37 1.19 0.489 0.393 0.375 1.31 2.

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.46 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.216 0.5

trans-nonachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD 6.76 0.100 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.894 2.

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

heptachlor epoxide 1.42 1.14 2.19 3.80 1.94 1.81 1.90 1.33 1.94 0.8

oxychlordane 2.87 3.47 3.84 5.35 4.30 4.22 3.79 3.14 3.87 0.7

dieldrin 2.77 2.06 3.60 4.81 3.87 5.04 3.64 1.88 3.46 1.

HCB 16.1 17.0 16.7 18.0 14.3 21.3 17.1 18.3 17.3 2.

mirex 0.774 0.758 0.950 1.11 1.10 0.940 0.876 0.867 0.923 0.1

octachlorosytrene 0.599 0.715 0.594 0.583 0.723 0.627 0.514 0.563 0.615 0.0

pentachlorobenzene 1.90 1.80 1.10 1.01 0.785 1.45 1.83 1.23 1.39 0.4

DETOX-401 1.93 3.78 9.55 16.7 9.96 7.90 6.75 5.62 7.77 4.

DETOX-402 1.09 0.959 2.31 14.3 2.65 1.14 1.13 1.09 3.08 4.

DETOX-403 0.435 0.373 0.772 0.614 0.730 0.839 0.168 0.653 0.573 0.2

DE-TOX-404 <LOQ <LOQ 0.600 0.836 0.655 0.525 0.453 0.432 0.468 0.2

DETOX-408 0.612 0.303 1.03 1.13 0.416 0.569 0.680 0.662 0.675 0.2DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-411 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.667 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.112 0.2DETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.279 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.110 0.0

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD 0.179 0.766 0.264 0.161 <LOD 0.0585 0.198 0.2DETOX-417 0.764 0.970 0.705 0.672 0.844 0.818 0.674 0.757 0.775 0.1DETOX-418 0.235 0.435 1.46 1.76 0.416 0.372 0.303 0.678 0.708 0.5

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-439 0.753 0.938 2.02 4.06 2.46 1.37 1.17 1.29 1.76 1.

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0720 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0340 0.0

DETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 2.50 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.585 0.8DETOX-444 <LOQ <LOQ 0.148 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0979 0.0

DE-TOX-445 0.209 <LOQ 0.198 3.18 0.173 0.183 0.271 0.160 0.555 1.

DETOX-448 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQDETOX-453 0.421 0.705 1.29 2.18 1.75 1.03 0.865 0.920 1.15 0.5

DETOX-454 <LOQ <LOQ 0.286 2.67 0.372 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.466 0.9DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
99

Appendix 14. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs collecteDenbigh and Pierce in 2005. 

Compound 676 677 678 681 683 Mean SD RSD 748 756 757 758 760 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

4,4'-DDE 36.3 51.6 41.2 28.2 34.5 38.4 8.7 23 35.1 37.8 45.3 32.5 29.9 

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD 0.0755 <LOD <LOD 0.0409 0.024 60 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

-HCH 0.278 0.279 0.247 0.226 0.251 0.256 0.022 8.8 0.181 0.210 0.496 0.415 0.385 

-HCH 8.25 11.7 6.80 13.8 13.0 10.7 3.1 28 7.02 16.6 13.8 11.6 8.78 

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-nonachlor 0.377 <LOQ 0.547 0.607 0.507 0.412 0.23 56 <LOQ 0.332 0.282 <LOQ 0.209 

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.145 <LOD 

trans-nonachlor 0.0906 0.143 0.0922 0.107 0.0866 0.104 0.023 22 0.121 <LOD <LOD 0.665 <LOD 

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

heptachlor epoxide 1.28 1.89 1.18 1.81 1.40 1.51 0.32 21 1.92 2.00 1.44 2.35 1.23 

oxychlordane 3.50 5.43 3.32 3.87 3.63 3.95 0.85 22 4.46 3.44 3.76 3.25 2.70 

dieldrin 0.952 1.19 1.04 1.41 1.19 1.16 0.17 15 1.31 1.75 1.68 1.61 1.20 

HCB 47.3 49.3 31.0 30.2 35.5 38.6 9.1 23 41.0 32.7 37.9 21.1 26.1 

mirex 1.71 2.21 2.16 1.76 1.78 1.92 0.24 12 1.13 1.04 1.09 1.12 1.06 

octachlorosytrene 1.21 1.35 0.955 0.669 0.996 1.04 0.26 25 0.938 0.729 0.895 0.682 0.635 

pentachlorobenzene 1.70 2.69 1.22 1.12 1.97 1.74 0.63 36 1.70 1.29 1.94 0.903 1.19 

DETOX-401 2.13 0.924 2.04 3.49 2.86 2.29 0.96 42 0.552 1.77 2.68 1.17 1.27 

DETOX-402 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.38 <LOQ 

DETOX-403 0.424 0.584 0.511 0.400 0.418 0.467 0.078 17 0.445 0.345 0.481 0.482 0.392 

DE-TOX-404 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-408 0.452 0.495 0.314 0.336 0.206 0.361 0.12 32 0.580 0.351 0.515 0.615 0.159 

DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-411 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-417 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.242 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.201 

DETOX-418 0.324 0.162 0.330 0.345 0.381 0.309 0.085 28 <LOQ <LOQ 0.184 0.227 0.151 

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-439 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.655 <LOQ 

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-444 <LOQ 0.156 <LOQ <LOQ 0.139 0.0881 0.069 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DE-TOX-445 0.439 0.737 0.513 0.404 0.424 0.504 0.14 27 0.719 0.418 0.599 0.730 0.510 

DETOX-448 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-453 0.160 0.117 0.147 0.307 0.277 0.202 0.085 42 0.0944 0.308 0.278 0.242 0.126 

DETOX-454 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.254 <LOQ 

DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 
100

Appendix 15. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs collecteBluff in 2005. 

Compound 761 764 767 768 771 Mean SD RSD 777 780 782 783 844 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

4,4'-DDE 53.6 40.8 73.6 46.3 41.1 51.1 14 27 44.6 23.5 68.0 44.1 33.9 4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

-HCH 0.403 0.294 0.229 0.195 0.399 0.304 0.095 31 0.243 0.265 0.319 0.351 0.487 

-HCH 22.3 9.26 14.1 7.33 11.9 13.0 5.8 45 8.49 10.1 20.7 16.8 12.8 

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-nonachlor 1.68 0.375 0.443 0.434 0.411 0.668 0.56 84 0.529 0.431 6.96 0.705 0.604 

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.743 <LOD <LOD 

trans-nonachlor 0.257 <LOD 0.128 0.126 0.109 0.131 0.080 61 0.210 0.106 7.72 0.171 0.164 

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

heptachlor epoxide 3.23 1.27 1.55 1.16 1.63 1.77 0.84 47 1.23 1.30 4.92 2.03 1.67 

oxychlordane 7.45 4.17 5.21 5.51 4.18 5.30 1.3 25 3.22 3.52 5.84 5.49 3.56 

dieldrin 3.05 1.81 1.94 2.90 1.63 2.26 0.66 29 0.738 0.937 2.07 3.29 1.41 

HCB 64.2 39.2 43.2 68.8 41.1 51.3 14 27 28.4 23.9 33.9 28.2 29.8 

mirex 3.38 1.45 2.13 2.20 1.61 2.16 0.76 35 1.68 1.33 2.74 2.45 1.65 

octachlorosytrene 1.64 1.05 1.17 1.62 1.13 1.32 0.28 22 0.778 0.582 0.882 0.803 0.784 

pentachlorobenzene 2.62 1.91 2.48 2.14 1.95 2.22 0.32 14 1.32 1.44 1.05 1.27 1.62 

DETOX-401 6.54 2.11 3.42 1.95 2.63 3.33 1.9 57 1.98 2.59 8.52 3.94 1.82 DETOX-402 0.614 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.258 0.27 110 <LOQ <LOQ 9.78 <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-403 0.677 0.503 0.656 0.659 0.495 0.598 0.091 15 0.500 0.397 0.605 0.579 0.520 

DE-TOX-404 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-408 0.346 0.323 0.443 0.266 0.304 0.336 0.067 20 0.862 0.633 1.29 0.931 0.697 

DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-411 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.224 <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0573 <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-417 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-418 0.542 0.341 0.556 0.418 0.369 0.445 0.099 22 0.247 0.302 0.537 0.493 0.464 

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-439 0.930 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.362 0.37 100 <LOQ <LOQ 1.77 <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

DETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.886 <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-444 0.229 0.141 0.168 0.190 0.154 0.176 0.035 20 0.192 <LOQ 0.193 0.191 <LOQ 

DE-TOX-445 0.885 0.470 0.677 0.668 0.508 0.642 0.16 26 0.505 0.385 1.16 0.637 0.587 

DETOX-448 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ DETOX-453 0.398 0.298 0.267 0.249 0.306 0.303 0.058 19 0.272 0.212 0.671 0.309 0.217 

DETOX-454 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.65 <LOQ <LOQ 

DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 
101

Appendix 16. Pesticide and toxaphene congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common 

murre eggs collected at Bogoslof Island in 2005. 

Compound 862 863 866 869 871 Mean SD RSD

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE <LOD 0.0790 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0425 0.027 63

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

4,4'-DDE 45.0 111 56.8 67.4 63.3 68.7 25 37

4,4'-DDT 0.511 0.248 0.128 0.194 0.248 0.266 0.15 55.00

-HCH 2.39 1.73 2.88 0.783 1.58 1.87 0.80 43

-HCH 12.9 14.2 14.4 9.72 17.4 13.7 2.8 20

-HCH 0.472 0.382 0.559 <LOQ 0.320 0.356 0.19 54

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

cis-nonachlor 0.640 0.414 0.364 <LOQ 0.561 0.399 0.24 60

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

trans-nonachlor 0.551 0.177 0.129 <LOD 0.122 0.210 0.19 93

heptachlor <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

heptachlor epoxide 1.82 2.16 2.08 1.34 2.47 1.97 0.42 21

oxychlordane 4.08 5.58 4.62 3.66 4.27 4.45 0.72 16

dieldrin 1.54 2.37 2.38 1.66 2.90 2.17 0.56 26

HCB 21.3 25.1 32.0 28.2 23.8 26.1 4.1 16

mirex 1.08 1.80 1.16 0.877 1.46 1.28 0.36 28

octachlorosytrene 0.571 0.828 0.808 0.812 0.739 0.752 0.11 14

pentachlorobenzene 1.36 1.55 1.70 1.84 1.82 1.65 0.20 12

DETOX-401 4.81 6.19 5.27 3.60 6.82 5.34 1.2 23

DETOX-402 1.45 1.28 1.30 0.513 2.16 1.34 0.58 44

DETOX-403 0.660 6.35 0.475 0.492 0.548 1.70 2.6 150

DE-TOX-404 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-408 1.40 1.13 0.925 0.676 1.54 113 0.35 31

DETOX-410 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-411 0.0706 0.0929 0.0698 <LOQ 0.139 0.0745 0.050 67

DETOX-412 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-414 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-417 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-418 0.396 0.315 0.357 0.276 0.465 0.362 0.073 20

DETOX-422a <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-422b <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-423 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-439 1.24 1.44 1.07 0.636 1.56 1.19 0.36 30

DETOX-441 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

DETOX-442 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-444 0.146 1.70 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.418 0.72 170

DE-TOX-445 0.696 3.53 0.603 0.477 0.753 1.21 1.3 110

DETOX-448 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-449 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

DETOX-453 0.711 0.950 0.806 0.803 1.13 0.880 0.16 19

DETOX-454 0.319 0.345 0.222 <LOQ 0.307 0.270 0.077 29

DETOX-455 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
102

Appendix 17. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs 

collected at St. Lazaria Island in 2003. 

Compound 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 Mean SD RSD

BDE 17 1.28 0.492 0.223 0.331 0.181 0.393 <LOD 0.487 1.18 <LOD 0.481 0.42 87

BDE 25 0.397 0.223 0.279 <LOD 0.402 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.397 0.392 0.227 0.17 74

BDE 28 <LOQ 0.297 <LOQ 0.346 0.577 <LOQ <LOQ 0.220 <LOQ 0.237 0.233 0.15 63

BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 13.4 31.6 8.15 20.9 14.7 7.02 1.51 20.8 7.71 11.9 13.8 8.7 63

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 0.160 0.230 0.118 0.253 0.434 0.128 <LOD 0.239 0.220 0.189 0.203 0.10 50

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.120 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0658 0.025 39

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.208 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0808 0.051 63

BDE 99 2.66 4.89 2.48 6.33 6.59 1.64 0.695 6.08 2.17 3.59 3.71 2.1 57

BDE 100 3.47 8.57 3.85 5.11 4.88 1.83 <LOQ 5.53 1.72 3.08 3.80 2.4 63

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 1.16 1.89 <LOQ 1.60 2.25 <LOQ <LOQ 1.68 <LOQ 1.02 1.04 0.80 77

BDE 154 0.629 0.956 0.789 0.919 1.70 <LOQ <LOQ 0.791 <LOQ 0.615 0.692 0.47 68

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 28+31 1.85 2.96 1.72 1.85 2.57 1.73 1.43 2.53 1.39 3.36 2.14 0.67 31

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 0.0346 <LOD <LOD 0.0253 0.0650 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0152 0.021 140

PCB 45 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0137 0.0191 0.0140 0.0201 <LOQ 0.00951 <LOQ 0.0712 0.0157 0.021 130

PCB 49 0.0709 0.0761 0.0118 0.115 0.811 0.0570 <LOD 0.0683 0.0300 0.0670 0.131 0.24 180

PCB 52 0.206 0.194 0.0579 0.250 0.818 0.0775 <LOD 0.141 0.0877 0.142 0.199 0.23 120

PCB 56 <LOD 0.0231 0.0165 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0172 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0119 0.0060 50

PCB 63 <LOQ 0.827 <LOQ <LOQ 0.572 0.603 <LOQ 0.589 <LOQ 0.572 0.492 0.21 42

PCB 66 2.36 4.65 1.91 2.74 3.02 2.10 1.61 3.24 1.75 4.32 2.77 1.1 38

PCB 70 0.0668 0.0900 <LOD 0.134 0.425 <LOD <LOD 0.0698 0.0416 0.0242 0.0862 0.13 150

PCB 74 1.84 3.58 1.68 2.14 2.48 1.84 1.43 2.55 1.33 3.39 2.22 0.77 35

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0274 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0294 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0161 0.0088 54

PCB 82 <LOD <LOD 0.0226 <LOD 0.120 0.0243 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0120 0.0216 0.035 160

PCB 87 0.0368 0.0856 0.0205 0.0844 0.397 0.0952 0.0231 0.0514 0.0299 0.0769 0.0900 0.11 120

PCB 92 0.0491 0.0679 0.0292 0.105 0.377 0.0223 <LOQ 0.0717 0.0306 <LOQ 0.0763 0.11 140

PCB 95+121 0.0367 0.0535 0.0568 0.0910 0.539 0.0547 0.0247 0.0230 0.0443 0.0205 0.0944 0.16 170

PCB 99 8.40 15.1 3.66 8.64 11.2 2.45 2.44 10.5 5.01 11.4 7.89 4.3 55

PCB 101 0.239 0.316 0.0676 0.452 6.01 0.155 <LOQ 0.235 0.174 0.330 0.800 1.8 230

PCB 105 3.72 6.61 2.97 3.66 3.54 4.15 2.40 5.09 2.35 4.53 3.90 1.3 33
103

Appendix 17 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in 

common murre eggs collected at St. Lazaria Island in 2003. 

Compound 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 Mean SD RSD

PCB 106 0.0770 0.00721 0.0717 0.0154 0.134 0.0248 0.0420 0.0263 0.113 0.0683 0.0580 0.042 73

PCB 107 0.732 1.31 0.611 0.694 0.891 0.865 0.603 1.12 0.373 0.954 0.816 0.27 33

PCB 110 0.0624 0.0547 0.121 0.108 1.35 0.185 0.0371 0.0462 0.0381 0.0706 0.207 0.40 200

PCB 112 0.0128 <LOD 0.00712 0.00775 0.0101 <LOD <LOD 0.00661 0.00663 0.0126 0.00731 0.0037 50

PCB 114 0.367 0.635 0.329 0.378 0.402 0.494 0.260 0.457 0.230 0.457 0.401 0.12 29

PCB 118 12.8 21.5 8.68 12.7 13.6 8.92 6.99 16.3 7.46 15.4 12.4 4.6 37

PCB 119 0.201 0.345 0.216 0.243 0.299 0.148 0.0401 0.280 0.115 0.263 0.215 0.092 43

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 128 1.88 3.47 2.11 2.46 2.67 1.90 0.964 2.61 0.904 2.37 2.13 0.78 37

PCB 130 0.933 1.72 1.23 1.20 1.61 1.02 0.589 1.25 0.394 1.12 1.11 0.41 37

PCB 137 0.494 0.926 0.211 0.639 0.966 0.193 0.112 0.633 0.239 0.645 0.506 0.31 61

PCB 138 16.0 24.9 4.69 18.8 19.3 3.93 4.87 22.3 7.83 18.0 14.1 7.9 56

PCB 146 7.81 11.2 4.57 7.38 6.82 3.76 3.11 10.1 4.06 7.76 6.66 2.7 41

PCB 149 0.415 0.631 0.721 0.601 3.62 0.709 0.138 0.488 0.339 0.562 0.822 1.0 120

PCB 151 0.0806 0.0920 0.191 0.0817 0.261 0.0812 0.0335 0.0598 0.0396 0.0556 0.0975 0.072 74

PCB 153+132 37.6 54.5 19.3 40.3 42.3 13.5 9.50 50.2 17.9 40.0 32.5 16 49

PCB 154 0.0668 0.130 0.152 0.125 0.519 0.0769 0.0393 0.0861 0.0675 0.119 0.138 0.14 100

PCB 156 1.77 2.51 1.22 1.67 1.32 1.29 0.767 2.58 1.03 1.67 1.58 0.59 37

PCB 157 0.345 0.548 0.286 0.345 0.296 0.383 0.198 0.470 0.209 0.380 0.346 0.11 31

PCB 158 0.843 1.31 1.16 1.45 1.46 0.723 0.345 1.28 0.360 1.03 0.996 0.42 42

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 7.28 10.2 6.51 7.61 6.68 5.53 3.74 10.1 3.40 7.18 6.82 2.3 33

PCB 165 0.0911 0.114 0.0647 0.0804 0.0767 0.0550 0.0262 0.0940 0.0251 0.0679 0.0695 0.029 41

PCB 166 0.0957 0.145 0.0762 0.0817 0.0990 0.0996 0.0580 0.128 0.0675 0.104 0.0954 0.027 28

PCB 167 1.14 1.47 0.613 1.03 1.02 0.531 0.392 1.52 0.616 1.07 0.941 0.39 41

PCB 170 7.40 7.41 5.13 7.03 5.47 3.36 2.14 11.1 3.18 5.83 5.80 2.6 45

PCB 172 2.09 2.17 1.25 1.70 1.26 1.00 0.668 2.79 1.05 1.62 1.56 0.65 41

PCB 174 0.0774 0.112 0.102 0.101 0.914 0.110 0.0370 0.101 0.0393 0.0854 0.168 0.26 160

PCB 175 0.371 0.430 0.322 0.384 0.472 0.222 0.135 0.547 0.177 0.312 0.337 0.13 39

PCB 176 0.00646 0.0102 0.0107 0.0105 0.0967 0.0162 <LOD 0.00994 0.00804 0.00907 0.0178 0.028 160

PCB 177 1.08 1.70 2.95 1.95 3.45 1.00 0.700 1.56 0.513 1.25 1.62 0.95 59

PCB 178 1.34 1.76 1.19 1.65 1.74 0.961 0.647 1.84 0.568 1.14 1.29 0.46 36

PCB 180+193 15.5 17.5 7.59 16.5 15.0 4.59 2.87 22.7 6.34 13.1 12.2 6.5 53

PCB 183 4.16 4.35 3.09 3.71 4.49 2.01 1.13 5.86 2.14 3.34 3.43 1.4 41

PCB 185 0.0723 0.0733 <LOD 0.124 0.236 <LOD <LOD 0.0936 0.0398 0.0690 0.0714 0.071 100

PCB 187 14.9 19.5 12.3 14.9 13.2 8.42 6.20 20.3 6.33 13.1 12.9 4.9 38

PCB 188 0.0370 0.0608 0.0291 0.0333 0.0348 0.0412 0.0235 0.0497 0.0309 0.0369 0.0377 0.011 28

PCB 189 0.380 0.341 0.244 0.302 0.216 0.169 0.108 0.474 0.208 0.271 0.271 0.11 40

PCB 191 0.0948 0.122 0.150 0.147 0.217 0.0648 0.0287 0.167 0.0341 0.0920 0.112 0.060 54

PCB 194 3.73 3.58 2.03 2.88 2.09 1.21 0.932 4.96 1.85 2.58 2.58 1.2 48

PCB 195 1.24 1.20 0.676 1.00 0.690 0.404 0.314 1.85 0.638 0.862 0.887 0.46 51

PCB 196 3.65 4.03 2.13 3.02 2.67 1.21 0.872 5.07 1.67 2.65 2.70 1.3 48

PCB 197 0.245 0.281 0.174 0.210 0.205 0.110 0.0605 0.322 0.139 0.190 0.194 0.078 40

PCB 199 18.1 21.1 10.4 14.7 10.6 7.13 5.45 25.0 9.12 13.9 13.5 6.3 46

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00154 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.000829 0.00049 59

PCB 201 4.34 5.26 2.88 3.69 3.13 1.97 1.44 6.33 2.18 3.28 3.45 1.5 44

PCB 202 0.0653 0.0869 0.240 0.0969 0.579 0.0890 0.0672 0.0756 0.0810 0.0830 0.146 0.16 110

PCB 205 0.155 0.157 0.108 0.147 0.107 0.0846 0.0485 0.243 0.0947 0.126 0.127 0.053 42

PCB 206 1.11 1.41 0.614 0.856 0.742 0.408 0.282 1.37 0.653 0.803 0.825 0.38 46

PCB 207 0.220 0.260 0.137 0.174 0.163 0.120 0.0605 0.226 0.122 0.167 0.165 0.059 36

PCB 208 0.628 0.794 0.351 0.376 0.401 0.223 0.198 0.681 0.354 0.351 0.436 0.20 45

PCB 209 0.685 0.877 0.406 0.581 0.521 0.337 0.204 0.802 0.431 0.564 0.541 0.21 38
104

Appendix 18. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs 

collected at Middleton Island in 2003. 

Compound 308 311 312 314 315 317 318 319 320 321 Mean SD RSD

BDE 17 0.167 <LOD 0.194 <LOD 0.538 0.333 <LOD <LOD 0.609 <LOD 0.225 0.20 91

BDE 25 0.0992 <LOD 0.247 0.121 0.190 0.596 <LOD 0.115 0.189 <LOD 0.171 0.17 97

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 2.35 1.36 0.252 1.11 1.14 1.26 1.46 2.26 0.471 1.16 1.28 0.66 51

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 0.767 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.352 0.22 64

BDE 100 0.697 0.455 <LOQ 0.427 0.565 0.428 0.412 0.811 <LOQ 0.440 0.441 0.23 53

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 18 0.0971 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0568 <LOQ 0.0792 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0300 0.035 120

PCB 28+31 2.87 2.62 1.37 1.83 2.18 2.32 2.70 2.26 2.06 1.92 2.21 0.45 20

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 0.0265 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0258 <LOD 0.00998 0.00817 0.010 120

PCB 45 0.0346 0.0167 0.0134 0.0274 0.0102 0.0134 0.00953 0.0328 0.0200 <LOQ 0.0180 0.011 59

PCB 49 0.228 0.0434 0.0162 0.0729 0.0582 0.0822 0.0463 0.137 0.0375 0.0700 0.0792 0.062 78

PCB 52 0.336 0.0802 0.0156 0.111 0.120 0.132 0.0757 0.140 0.112 0.134 0.126 0.083 66

PCB 56 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 66 2.39 2.41 1.11 1.71 2.00 2.14 1.96 1.43 1.64 1.52 1.83 0.42 23

PCB 70 0.128 0.0546 0.0143 0.0543 0.0580 0.0280 0.0508 0.0273 0.0197 0.0718 0.0507 0.033 65

PCB 74 1.84 1.84 0.935 1.30 1.56 1.64 1.53 1.24 1.41 1.16 1.45 0.29 20

PCB 79 0.0295 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0295 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0307 <LOQ 0.0120 0.013 110

PCB 82 <LOD <LOD 0.0105 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00670 0.0032 48

PCB 87 0.0565 0.0287 0.0265 0.0520 0.0330 0.0257 0.0285 0.0493 0.0407 0.0547 0.0396 0.013 32

PCB 92 0.0617 0.0171 0.0112 0.0249 0.0307 <LOQ 0.0138 0.0310 0.0768 0.0165 0.0292 0.023 78

PCB 95+121 0.0479 0.0286 <LOD 0.0240 0.0270 <LOD <LOD 0.0725 0.116 0.0257 0.0358 0.035 98

PCB 99 4.92 4.62 1.36 3.31 4.31 4.41 4.01 1.55 2.38 3.46 3.43 1.3 37

PCB 101 0.202 0.0819 0.0733 0.109 0.0827 0.0958 0.110 0.0497 0.150 0.151 0.111 0.045 41

PCB 105 1.75 1.75 0.891 1.19 1.32 1.62 1.32 1.93 1.32 1.10 1.42 0.33 23
105

Appendix 18 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common 

murre eggs collected at Middleton Island in 2003. 

Compound 308 311 312 314 315 317 318 319 320 321 Mean SD RSD

PCB 106 0.0257 0.0158 0.0155 <LOD 0.0483 0.0260 0.0468 0.0557 0.0173 0.0376 0.0289 0.018 61

PCB 107 0.349 0.479 0.180 0.203 0.338 0.335 0.308 0.497 0.295 0.278 0.326 0.10 31

PCB 110 0.110 0.0480 0.0483 0.0497 0.0479 0.0504 0.0388 0.0872 0.0734 0.0610 0.0615 0.022 36

PCB 112 0.0136 0.00726 0.00645 0.00734 <LOD 0.00837 <LOD 0.00890 0.00866 <LOD 0.00703 0.0035 49

PCB 114 0.205 0.234 0.102 0.135 0.183 0.206 0.170 0.234 0.145 0.125 0.174 0.046 27

PCB 118 6.24 6.23 2.86 4.43 4.90 5.70 4.77 4.62 4.31 4.21 4.83 1.0 21

PCB 119 0.123 0.0964 0.0230 0.0720 0.0824 0.0907 0.0971 0.105 0.0384 0.0787 0.0806 0.030 37

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0145 <LOD 0.00524 0.0041 78

PCB 128 0.848 0.662 0.355 0.502 0.582 0.579 0.524 0.970 0.539 0.474 0.603 0.18 30

PCB 130 0.452 0.366 0.204 0.267 0.316 0.303 0.245 0.546 0.416 0.302 0.342 0.10 30

PCB 137 0.289 0.248 0.0605 0.190 0.210 0.225 0.199 0.0755 0.116 0.202 0.182 0.074 41

PCB 138 6.12 5.30 1.87 3.93 4.72 4.83 4.02 1.48 3.05 3.98 3.93 1.5 37

PCB 146 2.60 2.60 1.14 1.87 2.20 2.24 1.87 2.07 1.71 1.66 2.00 0.45 22

PCB 149 0.213 0.133 0.0649 0.116 0.130 0.122 0.125 <LOD 0.360 0.144 0.141 0.093 66

PCB 151 0.0299 0.0312 0.0298 0.0291 0.0430 <LOQ 0.0263 0.0294 0.133 0.0295 0.0386 0.035 90

PCB 153+132 13.3 12.2 3.66 9.10 10.9 10.3 9.05 6.86 6.37 8.83 9.06 2.9 32

PCB 154 0.0568 0.0374 0.0223 0.0306 0.0422 0.0274 0.0344 0.0449 0.0720 0.0372 0.0405 0.015 36

PCB 156 0.480 0.507 0.251 0.330 0.360 0.407 0.329 0.581 0.345 0.275 0.387 0.11 27

PCB 157 0.125 0.132 0.0623 0.0787 0.0872 0.107 0.0878 0.149 0.127 0.0659 0.102 0.030 29

PCB 158 0.328 0.282 0.159 0.241 0.244 0.216 0.179 0.288 0.199 0.187 0.232 0.054 23

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.33 2.18 1.35 1.60 1.86 1.89 1.59 3.16 1.94 1.51 1.94 0.52 27

PCB 165 0.0313 0.0272 0.0174 0.0163 0.0246 0.0193 0.0163 0.0403 0.0298 0.0151 0.0237 0.0083 35

PCB 166 0.0356 0.0446 0.0303 0.0283 0.0436 0.0384 0.0199 0.0477 0.0518 0.0216 0.0362 0.011 30

PCB 167 0.360 0.363 0.154 0.256 0.303 0.324 0.257 0.246 0.206 0.221 0.269 0.068 25

PCB 170 1.11 0.998 0.549 0.704 1.01 0.817 0.685 1.49 0.813 0.599 0.878 0.28 32

PCB 172 0.368 0.406 0.225 0.297 0.355 0.334 0.265 0.502 0.301 0.230 0.328 0.085 26

PCB 174 0.0268 0.0259 0.0216 0.0156 0.0291 0.0208 0.0192 0.0255 0.0763 0.00902 0.0270 0.018 68

PCB 175 0.0776 0.0845 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0826 <LOQ <LOQ 0.122 0.0914 <LOQ 0.0695 0.029 42

PCB 176 <LOD 0.00498 <LOD <LOD 0.00549 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0256 0.00301 0.00481 0.0075 160

PCB 177 0.322 0.167 0.178 0.159 0.209 0.160 0.144 0.482 0.293 0.174 0.229 0.11 47

PCB 178 0.367 0.281 0.230 0.223 0.269 0.236 0.260 0.656 0.308 0.187 0.302 0.13 44

PCB 180+193 2.89 2.60 0.776 1.97 2.38 2.12 1.70 1.93 1.55 1.73 1.97 0.59 30

PCB 183 0.735 0.681 0.320 0.495 0.748 0.598 0.503 0.973 0.522 0.448 0.602 0.19 31

PCB 185 0.0142 0.0160 <LOD 0.0107 0.0172 0.0133 0.00910 <LOD 0.0215 0.0109 0.0120 0.0058 48

PCB 187 3.68 3.27 2.00 2.47 3.22 2.81 2.20 4.99 3.15 2.14 2.99 0.90 30

PCB 188 0.0165 0.0245 0.0121 0.0140 0.0237 0.0154 0.0156 0.0203 0.0297 0.0141 0.0186 0.0057 31

PCB 189 0.0578 0.0657 0.0345 0.0439 0.0514 0.0384 0.0322 0.0794 0.0538 0.0318 0.0489 0.016 32

PCB 191 0.0164 0.0108 0.00924 0.00736 0.0168 0.0106 0.0115 0.0187 0.0230 0.00695 0.0131 0.0053 40

PCB 194 0.436 0.465 0.245 0.337 0.422 0.307 0.276 0.672 0.366 0.212 0.374 0.13 36

PCB 195 0.168 0.141 0.191 0.103 0.126 0.128 0.0750 0.186 0.109 0.142 0.137 0.037 27

PCB 196 0.486 0.538 0.245 0.372 0.508 0.380 0.291 0.697 0.456 0.268 0.424 0.14 33

PCB 197 0.0514 0.0523 0.0182 0.0328 0.0536 0.0411 0.0330 0.0792 0.0551 0.0300 0.0447 0.017 39

PCB 199 2.88 3.16 1.68 2.17 2.87 2.24 1.66 4.40 2.60 1.48 2.52 0.88 35

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 0.855 0.853 0.534 0.638 0.845 0.667 0.576 1.37 0.872 0.499 0.771 0.25 33

PCB 202 0.0360 0.0278 0.0312 0.0246 0.0360 0.0242 0.0233 0.0446 0.130 0.0238 0.0401 0.032 80

PCB 205 0.0323 0.0356 0.0277 0.0231 0.0386 0.0344 0.0258 0.0374 0.0378 0.0237 0.0316 0.0061 19

PCB 206 0.174 0.206 0.0989 0.144 0.145 0.120 0.0851 0.276 0.209 0.0909 0.155 0.062 40

PCB 207 0.0571 0.0633 0.0247 0.0429 0.0590 0.0536 0.0344 0.0897 0.0448 0.0356 0.0505 0.018 37

PCB 208 0.0810 0.109 <LOQ 0.0657 0.0748 0.0794 0.0588 0.199 0.187 <LOQ 0.0909 0.060 66

PCB 209 0.177 0.208 0.0885 0.142 0.0926 0.143 0.0710 0.274 0.167 0.0878 0.145 0.064 44
106

Appendix 19. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs 

collected at East Amatuli Island in 2003. 

Compound 322 324 325 327 330 331 332 333 335 336 Mean SD RSD

BDE 17 0.911 <LOD 0.215 <LOD <LOD 0.737 <LOD 0.282 <LOD 0.240 0.263 0.31 120

BDE 25 0.622 0.210 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.147 0.112 0.0865 0.0872 <LOD 0.139 0.18 130

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 2.07 0.788 1.09 1.05 1.59 0.798 0.925 0.839 1.11 1.06 1.13 0.40 36

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 0.112 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0593 0.031 53

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 1.08 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.336 0.32 95

BDE 100 0.793 0.474 0.426 0.474 0.373 0.370 0.429 0.364 0.489 0.334 0.453 0.13 29

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 18 <LOQ 0.0331 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0156 0.0079 51

PCB 28+31 2.56 1.36 1.42 1.62 1.92 1.98 1.41 1.95 1.43 1.32 1.70 0.40 23

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 0.0473 <LOD 0.0141 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00947 <LOD <LOD 0.00838 0.00898 0.014 160

PCB 45 0.00754 0.0102 0.00723 0.0123 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.00553 0.0037 68

PCB 49 0.582 0.0298 0.0385 0.0282 0.0387 0.0435 0.0403 0.0488 0.0303 0.0194 0.0900 0.17 190

PCB 52 0.437 0.0161 0.0853 0.0560 0.0743 0.0717 0.0760 0.0686 0.0663 0.0443 0.0996 0.12 120

PCB 56 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 66 2.23 0.982 1.30 2.00 1.82 1.68 1.20 1.93 1.45 1.12 1.57 0.42 27

PCB 70 0.289 0.0101 0.0389 0.0319 0.0384 0.0364 0.0439 0.0222 0.0361 0.0249 0.0571 0.082 140

PCB 74 1.74 0.845 1.02 1.41 1.38 1.29 0.911 1.27 1.07 0.836 1.18 0.29 25

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 82 0.0703 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0102 0.021 210

PCB 87 0.123 0.0622 0.0231 0.0258 0.0453 0.0365 0.0440 0.0340 0.0363 0.0207 0.0451 0.030 67

PCB 92 0.0927 <LOQ 0.0188 0.0127 <LOQ 0.0135 0.0180 0.0117 0.0184 <LOQ 0.0195 0.027 140

PCB 95+121 0.158 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0221 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0260 0.047 180

PCB 99 5.25 0.921 3.30 3.52 3.49 3.29 2.93 3.36 3.18 2.52 3.18 1.1 33

PCB 101 1.98 <LOQ 0.0709 0.0752 0.0561 0.0616 0.0624 0.0397 0.0572 0.0319 0.245 0.61 250

PCB 105 1.40 1.19 0.978 1.61 1.42 1.13 0.924 1.49 1.22 0.893 1.23 0.25 20
107

Appendix 19 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common 

murre eggs collected at East Amatuli Island in 2003. 

Compound 322 324 325 327 330 331 332 333 335 336 Mean SD RSD

PCB 106 0.0154 0.00650 0.0103 0.00552 0.0207 0.00468 0.00800 0.0146 0.0119 0.00940 0.0107 0.0050 47

PCB 107 0.495 0.342 0.220 0.223 0.311 0.232 0.191 0.254 0.199 0.193 0.266 0.095 36

PCB 110 0.236 0.0462 0.0377 0.0373 0.0457 0.0376 0.0432 0.0397 0.0343 0.0369 0.0595 0.062 100

PCB 112 <LOD <LOD 0.00655 <LOD 0.00702 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00416 0.0018 42

PCB 114 0.172 0.141 0.112 0.185 0.156 0.148 0.114 0.172 0.126 0.108 0.143 0.028 19

PCB 118 5.77 2.72 3.81 5.19 4.83 3.86 3.27 4.56 4.13 2.96 4.11 0.99 24

PCB 119 0.134 0.0758 0.0693 0.0582 0.0748 0.0627 0.0588 0.0553 0.0660 0.0499 0.0705 0.024 34

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 128 0.962 0.730 0.469 0.518 0.507 0.441 0.401 0.388 0.475 0.319 0.521 0.19 36

PCB 130 0.576 0.518 0.283 0.269 0.217 0.211 0.196 0.206 0.222 0.136 0.283 0.15 51

PCB 137 0.450 0.0503 0.191 0.167 0.176 0.154 0.148 0.133 0.157 0.0921 0.172 0.11 62

PCB 138 6.81 0.883 3.82 4.41 4.01 3.55 3.24 3.38 4.19 2.63 3.69 1.5 40

PCB 146 2.44 1.32 1.78 2.24 1.94 1.67 1.49 1.94 2.09 1.32 1.82 0.38 21

PCB 149 0.749 0.139 0.0904 0.0791 0.0940 0.0691 0.0691 0.0715 0.0727 0.0505 0.148 0.21 140

PCB 151 0.726 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0251 <LOQ 0.0858 0.23 260

PCB 153+132 14.7 4.18 9.14 10.0 8.96 7.95 7.33 8.01 9.89 6.01 8.62 2.8 32

PCB 154 0.214 0.0407 0.0334 0.0224 0.0222 0.0247 0.0267 0.0190 0.0269 0.0177 0.0448 0.060 130

PCB 156 0.366 0.323 0.298 0.490 0.405 0.318 0.266 0.395 0.425 0.236 0.352 0.078 22

PCB 157 0.0951 0.0863 0.0775 0.124 0.118 0.0982 0.0765 0.0977 0.0909 0.0660 0.0929 0.018 19

PCB 158 0.460 0.317 0.196 0.137 0.148 0.173 0.147 0.176 0.238 0.143 0.214 0.10 48

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.29 2.43 1.52 1.84 1.58 1.41 1.28 1.49 1.74 1.12 1.67 0.42 25

PCB 165 0.0172 0.0253 0.0162 0.0207 0.0213 0.0155 0.0134 0.0184 0.0213 0.0210 0.0190 0.0035 19

PCB 166 0.0356 0.0342 0.0239 0.0357 0.0294 0.0236 0.0239 0.0428 0.0317 0.0217 0.0302 0.0069 23

PCB 167 0.349 0.149 0.235 0.323 0.294 0.215 0.205 0.291 0.261 0.190 0.251 0.063 25

PCB 170 1.05 1.13 0.779 1.03 0.761 0.735 0.678 0.812 1.16 0.640 0.877 0.19 22

PCB 172 0.305 0.344 0.277 0.398 0.300 0.279 0.248 0.344 0.401 0.221 0.312 0.060 19

PCB 174 0.220 0.0318 0.0237 0.0233 0.0254 0.0170 0.0176 0.0281 0.0202 0.0246 0.0432 0.062 140

PCB 175 0.137 0.0867 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0723 <LOQ 0.0526 0.039 75

PCB 176 0.0167 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00279 0.0049 180

PCB 177 0.878 0.726 0.179 0.127 0.119 0.139 0.157 0.0919 0.135 0.0993 0.265 0.29 110

PCB 178 0.544 0.480 0.243 0.241 0.251 0.209 0.205 0.207 0.291 0.193 0.286 0.12 43

PCB 180+193 3.35 1.25 2.02 2.24 1.78 1.68 1.68 1.72 2.62 1.32 1.97 0.63 32

PCB 183 1.12 0.743 0.573 0.711 0.523 0.510 0.492 0.663 0.762 0.462 0.656 0.20 30

PCB 185 0.0681 <LOD 0.0173 0.00755 0.00906 0.00644 0.0114 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0130 0.020 150

PCB 187 3.92 4.00 2.55 2.90 2.34 2.21 2.07 2.38 3.14 1.83 2.73 0.75 27

PCB 188 0.0145 0.0205 0.0156 0.0182 0.0184 0.0133 0.0131 0.0204 0.0169 0.0137 0.0164 0.0028 17

PCB 189 0.0441 0.0459 0.0379 0.0547 0.0438 0.0350 0.0347 0.0471 0.0583 0.0301 0.0432 0.0090 21

PCB 191 0.0425 0.0226 0.0115 <LOD 0.00816 0.0106 0.0141 0.00510 0.0129 <LOD 0.0132 0.012 91

PCB 194 0.321 0.403 0.315 0.436 0.309 0.311 0.289 0.402 0.608 0.248 0.364 0.10 28

PCB 195 0.296 0.137 0.0841 0.195 0.105 0.122 0.0860 0.128 0.257 0.0926 0.150 0.075 50

PCB 196 0.496 0.460 0.356 0.483 0.342 0.357 0.321 0.432 0.622 0.291 0.416 0.10 24

PCB 197 0.0484 0.0574 0.0375 0.0379 0.0383 0.0313 0.0238 0.0345 0.0527 0.0262 0.0388 0.011 28

PCB 199 2.39 2.81 2.05 2.97 2.14 2.00 1.89 2.66 3.63 1.83 2.44 0.58 24

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 0.854 0.969 0.635 0.790 0.633 0.582 0.582 0.676 0.921 0.576 0.722 0.15 21

PCB 202 0.162 0.0800 0.0305 0.0211 0.0224 0.0204 0.0249 0.0223 0.0220 0.0277 0.0434 0.045 110

PCB 205 0.0285 0.0305 0.0260 0.0322 0.0262 0.0248 0.0221 0.0308 0.0331 0.0216 0.0276 0.0041 15

PCB 206 0.131 0.135 0.105 0.178 0.124 0.111 0.109 0.146 0.228 0.0837 0.135 0.042 31

PCB 207 0.0427 0.0488 0.0350 0.0495 0.0391 0.0335 0.0298 0.0495 0.0647 0.0372 0.0430 0.010 24

PCB 208 0.0557 0.0962 <LOQ 0.0964 0.0857 0.0474 <LOQ 0.0751 0.134 0.0961 0.0695 0.042 60

PCB 209 0.119 0.0924 0.0861 0.152 0.117 0.0916 0.0697 0.158 0.195 0.0639 0.114 0.042 37
108

Appendix 20. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs collected at St. islands in 2004. 

Compound 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 Mean SD RSD 489 490 491 492 

BDE 17 <LOD <LOD 0.226 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0945 0.067 71 0.263 <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 25 <LOD 0.138 <LOD <LOD 0.0905 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0698 0.037 53 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 47 5.15 11.6 1.84 14.1 10.3 11.0 2.79 3.14 7.49 4.8 64 6.60 5.02 3.94 3.38 

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ BDE 66 <LOD 0.159 <LOD 0.126 0.101 0.124 0.120 <LOD 0.0876 0.056 64 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 99 1.72 2.61 <LOQ 1.42 1.65 2.70 1.64 0.581 1.60 0.81 51 0.885 0.790 <LOQ 0.817 

BDE 100 1.90 2.91 <LOQ 2.64 2.21 4.79 0.513 1.15 2.05 1.5 71 1.72 1.77 1.09 1.47 

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.605 <LOQ <LOQ 0.255 0.24 95 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0703 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0247 0.020 80 <LOQ 0.136 <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 28+31 1.65 1.58 1.42 1.94 1.74 1.52 1.12 0.741 1.47 0.38 26 1.56 1.35 1.44 1.18 

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ PCB 44 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0113 <LOD PCB 45 <LOQ <LOQ 0.321 0.271 0.0491 0.248 0.0632 <LOQ 0.120 0.14 110 <LOQ <LOQ 0.00621 <LOQ 

PCB 49 0.0400 0.0663 <LOD 0.0601 0.0496 <LOD <LOD 0.0137 0.0317 0.025 80 0.0186 0.0482 0.0195 0.0235 

PCB 52 0.0949 0.127 <LOD 0.117 0.110 0.0200 0.0417 0.0252 0.0679 0.049 72 0.0649 0.111 0.0532 0.0606 

PCB 56 0.0189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00646 0.0063 98 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD PCB 63 0.588 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.562 <LOQ <LOQ 0.386 0.18 46 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 66 2.30 2.63 1.79 2.28 2.33 1.76 1.75 0.777 1.95 0.57 29 1.47 1.24 1.51 1.19 PCB 70 0.0491 0.0547 0.00736 0.0554 0.0526 0.00760 0.0115 0.00891 0.0309 0.024 77 0.0244 0.0504 0.0130 0.0278 

PCB 74 1.78 2.03 1.71 1.84 1.85 1.57 1.64 0.706 1.64 0.40 25 1.17 1.09 1.16 0.981 

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 82 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 87 0.0959 0.130 0.0779 0.112 0.0644 0.0722 0.0928 0.0547 0.0874 0.025 29 0.0783 0.0818 0.0355 0.0345 

PCB 92 0.0256 0.0471 0.0160 0.0508 0.0299 0.0363 0.0436 <LOQ 0.0315 0.017 53 0.0239 0.0344 0.0224 0.0163 

PCB 95+121 0.0309 0.0302 0.0209 0.0369 <LOD 0.0364 0.0498 <LOD 0.0284 0.014 48 0.0255 <LOD 0.0351 0.0197 

PCB 99 5.00 9.06 3.19 7.60 6.09 2.17 3.00 0.958 4.64 2.8 60 4.37 4.41 3.72 3.29 

PCB 101 0.152 0.191 <LOQ 0.198 0.109 0.0832 0.0801 0.0328 0.108 0.068 63 0.116 0.146 0.0600 0.0933 PCB 105 2.86 3.95 3.82 3.13 2.66 4.77 3.18 2.27 3.33 0.80 24 1.52 1.25 1.65 1.14 
109

Appendix 20 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs col

Duck islands in 2004. 

Compound 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 Mean SD RSD 489 490 491 492 

PCB 106 0.0120 0.0545 0.0596 0.0863 0.0212 0.0440 0.0357 0.0306 0.0430 0.024 55 0.00819 0.0122 0.0395 0.0243 

PCB 107 0.634 0.615 0.917 0.755 0.621 0.938 0.538 0.390 0.676 0.19 28 0.292 0.276 0.296 0.284 

PCB 110 0.0374 0.0580 0.0398 0.0529 0.0475 0.0700 0.0712 0.0413 0.0523 0.013 25 0.0449 0.0475 0.0405 0.0428 

PCB 112 0.0103 0.00791 <LOD <LOD 0.00912 <LOD 0.00711 <LOD 0.00634 0.0030 48 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 114 0.266 0.388 0.378 0.298 0.257 0.439 0.295 0.237 0.320 0.073 23 0.156 0.144 0.186 0.131 PCB 118 9.13 12.7 11.0 10.4 8.71 9.62 9.20 4.19 9.38 2.5 26 4.87 4.70 4.89 3.80 

PCB 119 0.136 0.198 0.0510 0.167 0.143 0.174 0.0510 0.0593 0.122 0.060 49 0.0893 0.0933 0.0637 0.0671 PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 128 1.39 1.92 1.85 1.57 1.37 2.89 1.79 0.858 1.71 0.59 35 0.691 0.770 0.556 0.576 

PCB 130 0.695 0.894 1.11 0.704 0.637 1.49 1.37 0.418 0.914 0.38 41 0.355 0.402 0.209 0.279 PCB 137 0.353 0.507 0.151 0.429 0.363 0.152 0.161 0.0646 0.273 0.16 59 0.228 0.263 0.151 0.190 PCB 138 10.7 14.7 9.12 12.0 10.3 4.25 7.56 1.52 8.77 4.2 48 5.39 5.99 4.57 4.56 

PCB 146 4.57 6.87 6.73 5.43 4.42 6.33 4.98 2.53 5.23 1.4 28 2.47 2.77 2.43 2.14 

PCB 149 0.240 0.362 0.218 0.337 0.250 0.605 0.363 0.178 0.319 0.13 42 0.212 0.254 0.161 0.206 PCB 151 0.0487 0.0717 0.0456 0.0340 <LOQ 0.0571 0.195 0.0260 0.0614 0.057 92 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0346 <LOQ 

PCB 153+132 23.9 32.7 18.7 27.6 22.3 19.9 14.8 7.36 20.9 7.8 37 12.1 14.0 10.5 10.2 

PCB 154 0.0358 0.0688 0.0341 0.0620 0.0607 0.0716 0.0580 0.0275 0.0523 0.017 33 0.0470 0.0536 0.0257 0.0401 

PCB 156 1.01 1.40 2.05 1.16 0.972 2.69 1.45 1.08 1.48 0.60 41 0.458 0.433 0.541 0.405 

PCB 157 0.226 0.357 0.384 0.269 0.243 0.555 0.329 0.255 0.327 0.11 33 0.118 0.114 0.125 0.0997 PCB 158 0.665 0.829 0.702 0.682 0.592 1.10 0.572 0.298 0.680 0.23 33 0.347 0.531 0.222 0.231 

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 163 4.41 6.10 9.10 4.99 4.05 11.1 7.48 3.68 6.36 2.7 42 2.02 2.34 1.89 1.85 

PCB 165 0.0362 0.0776 0.0885 0.0563 0.0428 0.0852 0.0734 0.0420 0.0627 0.021 33 0.0235 0.0244 0.0268 0.0207 

PCB 166 0.0476 0.0799 0.0776 0.0617 0.0627 0.0983 0.0858 0.0564 0.0713 0.017 24 0.0367 0.0339 0.0457 0.0311 

PCB 167 0.579 0.864 0.778 0.767 0.600 0.767 0.564 0.280 0.650 0.19 29 0.323 0.323 0.326 0.248 PCB 170 3.47 4.39 7.88 4.12 3.04 11.4 5.14 3.07 5.31 2.9 55 1.40 1.66 1.38 1.42 

PCB 172 0.871 1.26 2.22 1.15 0.862 2.75 1.48 1.06 1.46 0.68 47 0.484 0.527 0.503 0.478 

PCB 174 0.0473 0.0623 0.0648 0.0613 0.0400 0.136 0.0985 0.0446 0.0694 0.033 47 0.0180 0.0372 0.0369 0.0345 

PCB 175 0.179 0.257 0.382 0.209 0.174 0.490 0.337 0.147 0.272 0.12 44 0.0966 0.111 0.0885 0.0869 

PCB 176 <LOD 0.00388 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00766 0.0107 <LOD 0.00341 0.0038 110 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 177 0.758 0.878 1.48 0.785 0.750 2.01 3.78 0.334 1.35 1.1 83 0.325 0.416 0.167 0.303 PCB 178 0.693 1.09 1.56 0.920 0.721 1.82 1.89 0.432 1.14 0.55 48 0.429 0.457 0.297 0.329 

PCB 180+193 7.86 10.0 8.41 9.19 6.85 11.1 5.59 3.39 7.80 2.5 32 3.35 3.99 2.67 3.06 

PCB 183 1.85 2.61 3.22 2.45 1.77 5.17 2.23 1.85 2.64 1.1 43 0.995 1.08 1.03 0.950 

PCB 185 0.0421 0.0518 <LOD 0.0525 0.0502 0.00861 0.0135 <LOD 0.0278 0.023 84 0.0346 0.0324 0.00872 0.0334 

PCB 187 7.77 11.4 16.1 9.15 7.02 19.2 13.9 5.77 11.3 4.8 42 3.72 4.61 3.21 3.45 

PCB 188 0.0257 0.0397 0.0343 0.0312 0.0242 0.0417 0.0320 0.0255 0.0318 0.0066 21 0.0236 0.0197 0.0225 0.0155 

PCB 189 0.149 0.201 0.431 0.191 0.147 0.542 0.274 0.185 0.265 0.15 55 0.0630 0.0655 0.0730 0.0601 PCB 191 0.0603 0.0685 0.0624 0.0712 0.0490 0.136 0.0685 0.0218 0.0672 0.032 48 0.0194 0.0215 0.0104 0.0196 

PCB 194 1.33 1.92 4.07 1.84 1.28 5.43 2.73 1.68 2.54 1.5 59 0.580 0.623 0.687 0.628 

PCB 195 0.468 0.662 1.34 0.619 0.447 1.81 0.884 0.522 0.844 0.49 58 0.221 0.234 0.220 0.223 

PCB 196 1.42 2.08 2.96 1.84 1.30 4.52 2.21 1.33 2.21 1.1 49 0.689 0.738 0.716 0.693 

PCB 197 0.114 0.158 0.157 0.142 0.0995 0.294 0.122 0.0947 0.148 0.064 43 0.0603 0.0554 0.0534 0.0535 

PCB 199 6.97 11.4 18.1 9.18 6.95 23.9 13.5 8.32 12.3 6.0 49 3.43 3.77 3.96 3.63 

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD PCB 201 1.82 3.08 3.74 2.38 1.86 5.60 3.05 1.60 2.89 1.3 46 1.08 1.11 0.947 0.926 

PCB 202 0.0439 0.0546 0.0641 0.0464 0.0443 0.0882 0.450 0.0233 0.102 0.14 140 0.0422 0.0385 0.0357 0.0346 PCB 205 0.0747 0.0956 0.177 0.0829 0.0563 0.251 0.130 0.0674 0.117 0.067 57 0.0355 0.0298 0.0388 0.0339 

PCB 206 0.430 0.681 1.17 0.557 0.414 1.63 0.870 0.537 0.787 0.43 54 0.157 0.147 0.208 0.167 PCB 207 0.0991 0.152 0.131 0.114 0.0907 0.253 0.113 0.101 0.132 0.053 40 0.0369 0.0414 0.0448 0.0476 

PCB 208 0.176 0.365 0.462 0.245 0.214 0.693 0.397 0.253 0.350 0.17 48 0.0689 0.0744 0.110 0.110 

PCB 209 0.330 0.484 0.730 0.394 0.269 0.998 0.589 0.309 0.513 0.25 49 0.0769 0.0783 0.137 0.0808 
110

Appendix 21. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs 

collected at Middleton Island in 2004. 

Compound 493 494 495 496 497 498 500 501 Mean SD RSD

BDE 17 <LOD <LOD 0.255 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0845 0.081 95

BDE 25 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 0.375 <LOQ 0.689 0.469 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.250 0.24 94

BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 5.02 2.63 14.8 6.62 1.75 2.01 1.75 2.06 4.58 4.5 98

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 0.256 <LOD 0.219 0.134 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.101 0.093 92

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 1.36 0.571 2.24 1.80 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.913 0.78 86

BDE 100 0.997 0.642 2.77 1.97 0.713 0.537 0.459 0.442 1.07 0.85 80

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ 0.991 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.388 0.36 93

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ 0.956 0.730 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.392 0.30 76

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.142 0.0528 0.049 92

PCB 18 <LOQ 0.0558 0.0408 0.0725 1.50 0.195 0.0751 0.126 0.260 0.50 190

PCB 28+31 2.01 1.94 3.17 2.17 1.08 1.41 1.48 1.28 1.82 0.67 37

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 0.0178 <LOD <LOD 0.0242 <LOD 0.0171 0.0164 <LOD 0.0115 0.0086 75

PCB 45 0.0885 0.0973 0.473 0.0334 0.221 0.0515 0.249 0.183 0.175 0.14 82

PCB 49 0.406 0.0458 1.34 0.411 0.0198 0.0381 0.0356 0.790 0.386 0.47 120

PCB 52 1.31 0.112 1.59 0.602 <LOD 0.0815 0.105 0.0387 0.481 0.63 130

PCB 56 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ 0.560 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.846 0.283 0.29 100

PCB 66 1.71 2.00 3.26 2.09 1.14 1.67 1.78 1.67 1.91 0.61 32

PCB 70 0.624 0.0460 0.0235 0.279 <LOD 0.0398 0.0605 0.0159 0.136 0.22 160

PCB 74 1.36 1.64 2.66 1.72 0.944 1.27 1.34 1.20 1.52 0.52 34

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 82 0.105 <LOD 0.0597 0.0949 0.0190 <LOD 0.0120 <LOD 0.0391 0.042 110

PCB 87 0.321 0.0753 2.11 0.252 0.0965 0.0648 0.0695 0.120 0.388 0.70 180

PCB 92 0.336 0.0251 0.252 0.173 <LOQ 0.0141 0.0363 <LOQ 0.105 0.13 120

PCB 95+121 0.537 0.0318 0.399 0.183 <LOD <LOD 0.0348 <LOD 0.151 0.21 140

PCB 99 5.31 5.14 11.3 7.37 0.955 4.23 4.25 3.83 5.29 3.0 57

PCB 101 4.05 0.133 10.3 4.40 <LOQ 0.0681 0.102 0.141 2.39 3.7 150

PCB 105 1.36 1.74 3.60 2.07 1.56 1.42 1.52 1.97 1.90 0.73 38
111

Appendix 21 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common 

murre eggs collected at Middleton Island in 2004. 

Compound 493 494 495 496 497 498 500 501 Mean SD RSD

PCB 106 0.0329 0.0223 0.0145 0.0351 0.00417 0.0208 0.0121 0.0121 0.0192 0.011 56

PCB 107 0.356 0.466 0.733 0.528 0.371 0.292 0.361 0.354 0.433 0.14 33

PCB 110 0.563 0.0532 1.74 0.656 0.0411 0.0453 0.0530 0.0390 0.399 0.60 150

PCB 112 0.0153 0.00655 0.0199 0.0125 0.0103 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00904 0.0066 73

PCB 114 0.159 0.194 0.326 0.214 0.170 0.158 0.194 0.149 0.195 0.057 29

PCB 118 5.50 6.16 12.9 8.24 3.39 5.05 5.32 4.83 6.42 2.9 46

PCB 119 0.155 0.110 0.295 0.234 0.0839 0.0891 0.0954 0.0782 0.143 0.081 57

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 128 0.909 0.758 2.42 1.50 0.859 0.639 0.597 0.553 1.03 0.64 62

PCB 130 0.497 0.365 1.30 0.847 0.602 0.322 0.290 0.274 0.563 0.36 63

PCB 137 0.426 0.259 0.833 0.635 0.0610 0.230 0.211 0.180 0.354 0.26 74

PCB 138 6.35 5.89 15.9 10.6 0.982 5.03 4.78 4.24 6.73 4.6 68

PCB 146 2.31 2.60 5.95 3.77 1.53 2.16 2.47 2.12 2.86 1.4 49

PCB 149 1.26 0.174 2.34 2.02 0.133 0.112 0.133 0.0888 0.783 0.95 120

PCB 151 0.174 <LOQ 0.164 0.435 0.0309 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.106 0.15 140

PCB 153+132 13.8 12.7 33.9 22.8 4.99 11.1 11.0 9.84 15.0 9.1 61

PCB 154 0.208 0.0371 0.486 0.312 0.0419 0.0346 0.0305 0.0299 0.148 0.17 120

PCB 156 0.308 0.450 0.907 0.577 0.369 0.352 0.453 0.361 0.472 0.19 41

PCB 157 0.0858 0.109 0.257 0.146 0.107 0.0882 0.120 0.102 0.127 0.056 44

PCB 158 0.468 0.306 1.54 0.792 0.302 0.204 0.186 0.251 0.506 0.46 91

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.19 2.21 5.63 3.64 2.47 1.88 1.99 1.78 2.72 1.3 48

PCB 165 0.0260 0.0265 0.0606 0.0368 0.0278 0.0216 0.0267 0.0204 0.0308 0.013 42

PCB 166 0.0336 0.0327 0.0732 0.0362 0.0365 0.0321 0.0322 0.0387 0.0394 0.014 35

PCB 167 0.322 0.352 0.843 0.492 0.177 0.300 0.353 0.305 0.393 0.20 51

PCB 170 0.867 1.03 2.56 2.00 0.996 0.817 0.966 0.807 1.25 0.65 52

PCB 172 0.279 0.366 0.766 0.553 0.332 0.292 0.413 0.338 0.417 0.17 40

PCB 174 0.309 0.0203 0.491 0.358 0.0162 0.0184 0.0204 0.0248 0.157 0.20 130

PCB 175 0.140 0.0836 0.342 0.210 0.0900 <LOQ 0.0787 0.0720 0.134 0.097 73

PCB 176 0.0236 <LOD 0.0307 0.0425 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0127 0.017 130

PCB 177 0.790 0.250 2.24 1.54 0.670 0.221 0.180 0.168 0.758 0.76 100

PCB 178 0.621 0.385 1.32 0.979 0.520 0.333 0.318 0.315 0.599 0.37 62

PCB 180+193 2.96 2.65 8.15 6.16 1.32 2.56 2.38 2.04 3.53 2.4 67

PCB 183 1.05 0.762 2.71 1.97 0.705 0.595 0.726 0.629 1.14 0.78 68

PCB 185 0.0833 0.0194 0.165 0.110 <LOD 0.0129 0.0142 0.0120 0.0522 0.060 120

PCB 187 3.69 3.55 10.1 6.66 3.82 3.44 3.21 2.76 4.66 2.5 54

PCB 188 0.0165 0.0191 0.0341 0.0253 0.0184 0.0175 0.0176 0.0185 0.0209 0.0060 29

PCB 189 0.0315 0.0481 0.0979 0.0843 0.0459 0.0379 0.0561 0.0429 0.0556 0.023 42

PCB 191 0.0312 0.0109 0.0825 0.0806 0.0224 0.0174 0.0135 0.0127 0.0339 0.030 89

PCB 194 0.245 0.384 0.887 0.668 0.333 0.289 0.445 0.325 0.447 0.22 49

PCB 195 0.0757 0.147 0.280 0.211 0.102 0.0811 0.138 0.106 0.143 0.071 49

PCB 196 0.392 0.483 1.44 0.942 0.377 0.370 0.495 0.418 0.614 0.38 62

PCB 197 0.0381 0.0438 0.134 0.0753 0.0508 0.0348 0.0433 0.0435 0.0579 0.033 57

PCB 199 1.88 2.75 6.88 4.31 2.37 2.18 3.23 2.45 3.26 1.6 51

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 0.759 0.944 2.27 1.46 0.831 0.798 0.926 0.838 1.10 0.52 47

PCB 202 0.192 0.0254 0.308 0.290 0.0760 0.0264 0.0241 0.0286 0.121 0.12 100

PCB 205 0.0190 0.0248 0.0507 0.0349 0.0206 0.0238 0.0333 0.0328 0.0300 0.010 34

PCB 206 0.0845 0.156 0.365 0.232 0.118 0.116 0.184 0.134 0.174 0.090 52

PCB 207 0.0404 0.0552 0.118 0.0794 0.0470 0.0462 0.0601 0.0471 0.0616 0.026 42

PCB 208 0.0481 0.0951 0.221 0.159 0.0609 0.0683 0.110 0.0899 0.106 0.058 54

PCB 209 0.0827 0.150 0.308 0.223 0.109 0.121 0.202 0.141 0.167 0.074 44
112

Appendix 22. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs 

collected at Gull Island in 2004. 

Compound 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 513 Mean SD RSD

BDE 17 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 25 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.271 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0884 0.091 100

BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 0.272 0.728 3.14 4.74 2.29 2.70 0.344 1.52 1.97 1.6 79

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.174 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0669 0.051 76

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 <LOQ <LOQ 0.866 1.93 0.778 0.801 <LOQ <LOQ 0.650 0.61 93

BDE 100 <LOQ 0.326 1.00 1.56 0.873 1.01 <LOQ 0.605 0.710 0.49 69

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.587 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.235 0.19 82

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 28+31 1.05 1.11 1.20 1.73 1.11 1.33 1.06 1.10 1.21 0.23 19

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 <LOD 0.0111 <LOD 0.0342 <LOD 0.0234 <LOD <LOD 0.0102 0.012 120

PCB 45 <LOQ 0.0955 0.0503 <LOQ 0.101 0.0671 0.0425 0.0415 0.0506 0.037 73

PCB 49 0.0503 0.0150 0.0509 0.600 0.0720 0.129 0.0343 0.0252 0.122 0.20 160

PCB 52 0.0498 0.0318 0.141 0.574 0.169 0.147 0.0614 0.0421 0.152 0.18 120

PCB 56 0.280 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.179 <LOD 0.0638 0.11 170

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 66 0.848 1.21 1.24 1.39 1.19 1.65 0.549 1.01 1.14 0.34 30

PCB 70 0.0140 0.0221 0.0746 0.575 0.0926 0.0449 0.0174 0.0277 0.109 0.19 180

PCB 74 0.781 0.872 1.00 1.11 0.966 1.37 0.811 0.802 0.964 0.20 21

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 82 <LOD <LOD 0.0118 0.0683 <LOD 0.0101 <LOD <LOD 0.0145 0.022 150

PCB 87 0.0265 0.0311 0.0739 0.169 0.0789 0.128 0.0231 0.0411 0.0715 0.053 74

PCB 92 <LOQ 0.0140 0.0380 0.0924 0.0310 <LOQ 0.0109 <LOQ 0.0250 0.030 120

PCB 95+121 0.0231 <LOD 0.0358 0.158 0.0385 0.0441 0.0387 <LOD 0.0462 0.047 100

PCB 99 1.26 2.28 3.68 3.88 3.68 4.49 0.509 2.80 2.82 1.4 49

PCB 101 0.0331 0.0446 0.143 2.82 0.192 0.0669 0.0599 0.0544 0.426 0.97 230

PCB 105 0.938 1.02 1.24 1.12 1.13 1.98 0.0607 0.953 1.06 0.52 50
113

Appendix 22 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common 

murre eggs collected at Gull Island in 2004. 

Compound 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 513 Mean SD RSD

PCB 106 0.0328 0.00494 0.0258 0.0111 0.0132 0.00921 0.0162 0.010 61 0.01 61

PCB 107 0.286 0.302 0.295 0.262 0.285 0.189 0.267 0.036 13 0.036 13

PCB 110 0.0491 0.775 0.0598 0.0536 0.0447 0.0354 0.139 0.26 190 0.26 190

PCB 112 <LOD 0.00857 <LOD 0.0106 <LOD <LOD 0.00433 .003 82 0.0035 82

PCB 114 0.134 0.0999 0.124 0.192 0.120 0.110 0.126 0.029 23 0.029 23

PCB 118 4.42 4.24 4.19 5.91 1.22 3.19 3.63 1.4 38 1.4 38

PCB 119 0.0880 0.108 0.0908 0.0836 0.00710 0.0526 0.0623 0.036 59 0.036 59

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 128 0.738 0.849 0.678 0.797 <LOD 0.443 0.534 0.28 53 0.28 53

PCB 130 0.357 0.440 0.335 0.355 0.0516 0.194 0.277 0.12 44 0.12 44

PCB 137 0.251 0.310 0.224 0.225 0.0217 0.147 0.165 0.10 63 0.1 63

PCB 138 5.39 5.95 5.25 5.94 0.149 3.68 3.87 2.1 55 2.1 55

PCB 146 2.11 1.93 2.13 3.05 0.401 1.68 1.76 0.76 43 0.76 43

PCB 149 0.199 1.49 0.202 0.136 0.128 0.0812 0.301 0.48 160 0.48 160

PCB 151 0.0303 0.0355 <LOQ 0.0256 0.0324 <LOQ 0.0214 0.012 58 0.012 58

PCB 153+132 11.5 12.3 11.4 13.8 1.03 8.20 8.52 4.5 53 4.5 53

PCB 154 0.0522 0.181 0.0493 0.0316 0.0193 0.0222 0.0498 0.055 110 0.055 110

PCB 156 0.386 0.320 0.358 0.589 0.255 0.311 0.345 0.11 31 0.11 31

PCB 157 0.108 0.0879 0.0918 0.146 0.0548 0.0667 0.0871 0.029 34 0.029 34

PCB 158 0.332 0.398 0.295 0.281 0.0129 0.112 0.215 0.13 61 0.13 61

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 1.94 1.96 1.92 2.62 1.66 1.45 1.79 0.42 23 0.42 23

PCB 165 0.0239 0.0158 0.0204 0.0273 0.0167 0.0169 0.0189 .004 24 0.0046 24

PCB 166 0.0302 0.0276 0.0238 0.0520 0.0309 0.0221 0.0302 .009 31 0.0094 31

PCB 167 0.297 0.245 0.281 0.384 0.0712 0.228 0.230 0.097 42 0.097 42

PCB 170 1.35 1.11 1.22 1.66 0.290 0.992 1.01 0.42 42 0.42 42

PCB 172 0.375 0.271 0.337 0.526 0.324 0.296 0.335 0.085 25 0.085 25

PCB 174 0.0256 0.274 0.0309 0.0328 0.0206 0.0127 0.0545 0.089 160 0.089 160

PCB 175 0.0875 0.106 0.0862 0.109 <LOQ 0.0687 0.0802 0.020 25 0.02 25

PCB 176 <LOD 0.0336 <LOD <LOD 0.00454 <LOD 0.00592 0.01 190 0.011 190

PCB 177 0.401 0.879 0.363 0.294 0.134 0.159 0.330 0.25 74 0.25 74

PCB 178 0.452 0.489 0.391 0.418 0.311 0.252 0.353 0.10 29 0.1 29

PCB 180+193 3.25 3.15 2.98 3.55 0.431 2.10 2.24 1.2 52 1.2 52

PCB 183 0.816 1.08 0.764 1.08 0.300 0.670 0.713 0.28 39 0.28 39

PCB 185 0.0298 0.0741 0.0233 0.0238 <LOD 0.0115 0.0213 0.024 110 0.024 110

PCB 187 3.64 3.42 3.57 4.60 1.75 2.59 3.04 0.95 31 0.95 31

PCB 188 0.0164 0.0153 0.0183 0.0263 0.00812 0.0137 0.0158 .005 33 0.0052 33

PCB 189 0.0533 0.0341 0.0472 0.0835 0.0415 0.0352 0.0457 0.017 37 0.017 37

PCB 191 0.0237 0.0459 0.0211 0.0279 <LOD 0.0127 0.0178 0.015 85 0.015 85

PCB 194 0.549 0.373 0.430 0.809 0.422 0.413 0.461 0.16 34 0.16 34

PCB 195 0.187 0.151 0.160 0.306 0.0327 0.175 0.158 0.077 49 0.077 49

PCB 196 0.591 0.500 0.482 0.847 0.172 0.444 0.460 0.20 44 0.2 44

PCB 197 0.0558 0.0440 0.0465 0.0603 <LOD 0.0442 0.0383 0.019 49 0.019 49

PCB 199 3.11 2.13 2.66 4.74 2.54 2.35 2.74 0.88 32 0.88 32

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 0.902 0.734 0.871 1.20 0.0540 0.749 0.721 0.33 46 0.33 46

PCB 202 0.0381 0.149 0.0350 0.0301 0.0427 0.0219 0.0473 0.042 88 0.042 88

PCB 205 0.0301 0.0242 0.0239 0.0438 0.0289 0.0218 0.0274 .007 26 0.0072 26

PCB 206 0.147 0.107 0.119 0.298 0.139 0.113 0.144 0.065 45 0.065 45

PCB 207 0.0341 0.0296 0.0322 0.0598 <LOQ 0.0288 0.0297 0.016 54 0.016 54

PCB 208 0.103 0.0551 0.0593 0.120 0.0796 0.0630 0.0704 0.033 47 0.033 47

PCB 209 0.0720 0.0760 0.0598 0.210 0.0810 0.0619 0.0889 0.05 58 0.051 58
114

Appendix 23. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs collected at Cap

Denbigh and Pierce in 2005. 

Compound 676 677 678 681 683 Mean SD RSD 748 756 757 758 760 Mean 

BDE 17 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 25 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 0.329 0.154 0.601 0.455 0.761 0.460 0.24 51 0.128 0.426 0.499 0.170 0.310 0.307 BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 100 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 28+31 1.41 2.23 1.48 1.20 1.56 1.58 0.39 25 1.44 1.01 1.61 0.944 1.13 1.23 

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00966 <LOD 0.00911 0.0055

PCB 45 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 49 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 52 0.0267 <LOD 0.0387 0.0249 0.0253 0.0257 0.0092 36 <LOD <LOD 0.0378 0.0390 0.0396 0.026

PCB 56 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0157 0.0326 0.0121 0.013 110 0.355 0.292 0.329 0.288 0.326 0.318 

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 66 1.24 1.54 1.23 0.913 1.14 1.21 0.23 19 0.945 0.596 1.24 0.910 1.02 0.941 PCB 70 0.00800 <LOD 0.0142 <LOD <LOD 0.00693 0.0051 73 0.00801 <LOD 0.0137 0.00732 0.0259 0.011PCB 74 0.962 1.38 1.03 0.766 0.930 1.01 0.23 22 0.949 0.558 1.01 0.833 0.864 0.842 PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 82 <LOD <LOD 0.0447 <LOD 0.0470 0.0218 0.022 100 0.0430 0.0417 0.0420 0.0484 0.0419 0.043

PCB 87 0.0984 0.0509 0.0367 <LOD 0.0130 0.0420 0.036 85 0.0296 0.0234 0.0256 0.0224 0.0603 0.032

PCB 92 0.0311 <LOQ 0.0198 0.0169 0.0147 0.0171 0.010 59 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0113 <LOQ 0.0129 0.0059

PCB 95+121 0.0489 0.0619 0.0430 0.0564 0.0521 0.0525 0.0072 14 0.0425 0.0555 0.0441 0.0417 0.0474 0.046

PCB 99 3.61 2.57 3.92 2.87 3.43 3.28 0.55 17 1.20 0.616 3.57 2.83 3.42 2.33 

PCB 101 0.0770 <LOQ 0.0717 0.0858 0.0707 0.0636 0.029 46 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0473 <LOQ 0.0560 0.030PCB 105 1.33 1.62 1.25 0.855 1.01 1.21 0.30 24 1.25 0.942 1.19 0.948 1.18 1.10 
115

Appendix 23 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs Denbigh and Pierce in 2005. 

Compound 676 677 678 681 683 Mean SD RSD 748 756 757 758 760 

PCB 106 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00988 0.00427 0.0033 78 0.0115 0.00965 0.00597 0.00700 <LOD 

PCB 107 0.278 0.300 0.225 0.192 0.203 0.240 0.047 20 0.245 0.225 0.300 0.231 0.295 

PCB 110 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 112 0.0109 0.00765 0.0103 0.00976 0.0174 0.0112 0.0037 33 0.00843 0.00668 0.0135 0.0122 0.0141 

PCB 114 0.174 0.240 0.216 0.185 0.204 0.204 0.026 13 0.196 0.171 0.194 0.157 0.170 

PCB 118 4.18 4.88 4.39 2.99 3.50 3.99 0.75 19 3.64 1.92 4.13 3.70 3.93 

PCB 119 0.0631 0.0456 0.0726 0.0703 0.0638 0.0631 0.011 17 0.0152 0.0614 0.0821 0.0718 0.0802 

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 128 0.568 0.762 0.703 0.550 0.632 0.643 0.090 14 0.561 0.543 0.618 0.631 0.628 

PCB 130 0.152 0.305 0.204 0.169 0.175 0.201 0.061 30 0.304 0.203 0.219 0.291 0.179 

PCB 137 0.140 0.0971 0.158 0.136 0.164 0.139 0.026 19 <LOD <LOD 0.103 0.0987 0.113 

PCB 138 4.09 3.68 4.72 3.52 4.15 4.03 0.47 12 2.14 0.722 3.91 3.89 4.02 

PCB 146 1.89 1.98 1.99 1.41 1.51 1.76 0.27 16 1.56 1.02 2.04 1.88 1.87 

PCB 149 0.133 0.124 0.150 0.127 0.151 0.137 0.013 9.4 0.109 0.110 0.126 0.160 0.141 

PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 153+132 10.0 7.50 11.7 8.59 8.92 9.35 1.6 17 4.26 3.25 9.87 9.86 9.91 

PCB 154 0.0296 0.0216 0.0287 0.0259 0.0307 0.0273 0.0037 13 0.0147 0.0200 0.0300 0.0485 0.0395 

PCB 156 0.429 0.466 0.365 0.280 0.315 0.371 0.077 21 0.308 0.278 0.307 0.272 0.290 

PCB 157 0.0858 0.111 0.0830 0.0642 0.0639 0.0815 0.019 24 0.0824 0.0677 0.0881 0.0709 0.0873 

PCB 158 0.230 0.284 0.210 0.233 0.216 0.235 0.029 12 0.157 0.123 0.192 0.245 0.237 

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 163 1.63 2.42 1.87 1.49 1.49 1.78 0.39 22 2.19 1.72 1.61 1.83 1.68 

PCB 165 0.00229 0.00673 0.00244 0.00322 0.00239 0.00341 0.0019 55 0.00978 0.00907 0.0106 0.0170 0.00767 

PCB 166 0.0425 0.0629 0.0398 0.0119 0.0236 0.0361 0.019 54 0.0152 0.0172 0.0390 0.0270 0.0293 

PCB 167 0.268 0.256 0.294 0.223 0.219 0.252 0.031 12 0.192 0.118 0.295 0.254 0.257 

PCB 170 0.838 1.05 0.877 0.725 0.763 0.850 0.12 15 0.684 0.754 0.777 0.752 0.640 

PCB 172 0.284 0.362 0.288 0.216 0.221 0.274 0.060 22 0.276 0.270 0.277 0.228 0.233 

PCB 174 0.0442 0.0381 0.0506 0.0505 0.0238 0.0414 0.011 27 0.0312 0.0465 0.0469 0.0406 0.0443 

PCB 175 0.0763 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0695 0.0475 0.026 54 0.0747 0.0684 0.0924 0.0872 0.0799 

PCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00980 <LOD 0.00868 PCB 177 0.155 0.329 0.183 0.208 0.172 0.209 0.069 33 0.415 0.226 0.175 0.629 0.159 

PCB 178 0.300 0.441 0.374 0.317 0.356 0.357 0.055 15 0.359 0.332 0.324 0.382 0.328 

PCB 180+193 1.85 1.55 2.10 1.81 1.77 1.82 0.20 11 0.883 0.948 1.84 1.86 1.56 

PCB 183 0.694 0.677 0.751 0.569 0.620 0.662 0.070 11 0.416 0.508 0.658 0.645 0.520 

PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0165 0.0244 0.00995 0.010 100 <LOD <LOD 0.0140 <LOD 0.00525 PCB 187 2.31 3.94 2.73 2.20 2.18 2.67 0.75 28 3.81 2.81 3.00 3.54 2.66 

PCB 188 0.0167 0.0225 0.0239 0.0191 0.00348 0.0171 0.0081 48 0.0140 0.0117 0.0230 0.00516 0.0205 

PCB 189 0.0370 0.0515 0.0406 0.0199 0.0407 0.0380 0.011 30 0.0394 0.0363 0.0456 0.0402 0.0353 

PCB 191 0.0103 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00351 0.0041 120 <LOD <LOD 0.0108 0.00952 0.0112 

PCB 194 0.335 0.460 0.345 0.297 0.269 0.341 0.073 21 0.263 0.326 0.326 0.239 0.244 

PCB 195 0.0751 0.165 0.0956 0.119 0.114 0.114 0.033 29 0.0538 0.0810 0.101 0.0887 0.0828 

PCB 196 0.467 0.501 0.537 0.395 0.399 0.460 0.062 14 0.350 0.377 0.421 0.373 0.419 

PCB 197 0.0543 0.0380 0.0620 0.0378 0.0166 0.0417 0.018 42 <LOD <LOD 0.0371 0.0297 0.0371 

PCB 199 2.33 3.24 2.32 2.01 1.96 2.37 0.52 22 2.29 2.27 2.17 1.79 2.11 

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 201 0.725 0.751 0.687 0.582 0.683 0.686 0.064 9.4 0.601 0.619 0.557 0.588 0.578 

PCB 202 0.0429 0.0363 0.0319 0.0390 0.0284 0.0357 0.0057 16 0.0263 0.0291 <LOD 0.0912 0.0556 

PCB 205 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 206 0.121 0.109 0.108 0.0912 0.0604 0.0979 0.023 24 0.0982 0.0682 0.0619 <LOD 0.0815 

PCB 207 0.0325 0.0112 0.0363 0.0354 0.0216 0.0274 0.011 39 0.0375 0.00629 0.0194 <LOQ 0.0188 

PCB 208 0.0503 <LOQ 0.0701 0.0535 <LOQ 0.0444 0.024 54 0.0731 <LOQ 0.0530 <LOQ 0.0499 

PCB 209 0.151 0.154 0.147 0.0761 0.0994 0.125 0.035 28 0.102 0.103 0.107 0.113 0.103 
116

Appendix 24. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs collected at Bluff in 2005. 

Compound 761 764 767 768 771 Mean SD RSD 777 780 782 783 844 

BDE 17 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 25 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0983 0.161 <LOD 

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 47 1.03 0.723 0.898 0.600 0.684 0.787 0.17 22 0.535 0.665 3.15 0.850 0.635 

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 99 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.15 0.806 <LOQ 

BDE 100 0.327 <LOQ 0.363 <LOQ <LOQ 0.298 0.052 17 0.421 0.350 0.917 0.426 0.377 BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0364 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 28+31 2.42 1.31 2.04 1.83 1.59 1.84 0.43 23 1.01 0.997 1.53 1.30 1.42 

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ PCB 44 0.0274 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00871 0.011 120 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD PCB 45 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ PCB 49 0.0475 <LOD <LOD 0.0354 <LOD 0.0205 0.020 97 <LOD <LOD 0.292 0.0593 0.0252 PCB 52 0.132 0.0210 0.0264 0.0799 <LOD 0.0524 0.053 100 0.0355 0.0369 0.172 0.143 0.0712 PCB 56 0.733 0.380 1.05 0.595 0.403 0.632 0.27 43 0.328 0.225 0.447 0.425 0.327 

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 66 2.08 1.26 1.91 1.67 1.36 1.66 0.35 21 0.680 0.753 1.73 1.19 1.02 

PCB 70 0.0421 0.0110 <LOD 0.0204 0.00859 0.0165 0.016 97 <LOD 0.0105 0.128 0.0568 0.0298 PCB 74 1.72 0.977 1.42 1.32 1.02 1.29 0.31 24 0.640 0.619 1.37 1.35 0.877 

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ PCB 82 0.0406 0.0451 0.0411 0.0430 0.0449 0.0430 0.0021 4.8 0.0388 0.0423 0.0494 0.0473 0.0460 

PCB 87 0.112 0.0298 0.164 <LOD 0.0310 0.0674 0.068 100 0.0209 0.0174 0.365 0.0512 0.0619 

PCB 92 0.0345 0.0152 0.0132 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0140 0.013 92 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0728 0.0227 <LOQ 

PCB 95+121 0.0643 0.0390 0.0479 0.0529 0.0425 0.0493 0.0099 20 0.0460 0.0414 0.109 0.0443 0.0534 

PCB 99 7.24 3.46 4.99 4.99 3.76 4.89 1.5 30 1.34 2.34 6.08 4.21 3.44 

PCB 101 0.200 <LOQ 0.0719 <LOQ <LOQ 0.0637 0.080 130 0.0523 0.0967 1.98 0.166 0.149 

PCB 105 2.01 1.19 1.70 1.83 1.24 1.60 0.36 23 1.06 0.708 1.67 1.23 0.942 
117

Appendix 24 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre egat Sledge Island and Bluff in 2005. 

Compound 761 764 767 768 771 Mean SD RSD 777 780 782 783 844 

PCB 106 <LOD 0.00877 0.00492 0.0325 <LOD 0.0101 0.013 130 0.0115 <LOD <LOD 0.00636 <LOD 

PCB 107 0.283 0.242 0.301 0.253 0.280 0.272 0.024 8.8 0.201 0.164 0.262 0.173 0.167 

PCB 110 0.0422 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0204 0.016 77 0.0329 <LOD 0.504 <LOD <LOD 

PCB 112 0.0112 0.0141 0.00892 0.0124 <LOD 0.00949 0.0051 54 0.0125 0.00741 0.0156 0.0158 0.0117 PCB 114 0.332 0.231 0.236 0.294 0.233 0.265 0.046 17 0.256 0.118 0.109 0.245 0.132 

PCB 118 7.48 3.98 5.62 5.70 4.16 5.39 1.4 26 2.49 2.39 6.24 4.54 3.53 

PCB 119 0.193 0.0788 0.128 0.120 0.105 0.125 0.043 34 0.0830 0.0725 0.204 0.112 0.0750 

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 128 1.19 0.586 0.797 0.720 0.608 0.780 0.24 31 0.566 0.441 1.26 0.617 0.583 

PCB 130 0.354 0.144 0.246 0.146 0.152 0.208 0.092 44 0.207 0.168 0.462 0.257 0.202 

PCB 137 0.347 0.156 0.195 0.179 0.156 0.207 0.080 39 0.0680 0.0964 0.398 0.204 0.176 

PCB 138 8.27 4.32 5.74 5.51 4.34 5.64 1.6 29 1.60 2.78 8.55 5.47 4.19 

PCB 146 3.20 1.76 2.46 2.60 1.96 2.40 0.57 24 1.23 1.21 2.61 2.31 1.76 

PCB 149 0.238 0.103 0.154 0.124 0.101 0.144 0.057 39 0.181 0.126 1.09 0.199 0.183 

PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 153+132 20.6 9.52 13.1 13.4 10.4 13.4 4.4 33 5.60 6.71 18.4 13.3 9.93 

PCB 154 0.0829 0.0260 0.0369 0.0523 0.0221 0.0440 0.025 56 0.0530 0.0402 0.225 0.0427 0.0508 

PCB 156 0.555 0.385 0.451 0.565 0.367 0.465 0.093 20 0.346 0.213 0.437 0.401 0.275 

PCB 157 0.130 0.0883 0.119 0.116 0.102 0.111 0.016 14 0.0859 0.0540 0.123 0.0902 0.0739 

PCB 158 0.397 0.290 0.284 0.272 0.287 0.306 0.052 17 0.217 0.210 0.942 0.329 0.279 

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

PCB 163 2.65 1.45 2.20 1.99 1.86 2.03 0.44 22 1.70 1.12 2.56 2.40 1.67 

PCB 165 0.0177 0.00259 0.0207 <LOD 0.00691 0.00963 0.0091 95 0.00187 <LOD 0.0123 0.00883 0.00829 

PCB 166 0.0532 0.0262 0.0409 0.0258 0.0258 0.0344 0.012 36 0.0385 <LOD 0.00399 0.00298 0.0281 

PCB 167 0.490 0.304 0.398 0.427 0.295 0.383 0.083 22 0.173 0.176 0.394 0.330 0.242 

PCB 170 1.38 0.877 1.12 1.13 0.906 1.08 0.20 19 0.962 0.656 1.27 1.20 0.818 

PCB 172 0.385 0.294 0.376 0.359 0.303 0.344 0.042 12 0.295 0.208 0.286 0.347 0.273 

PCB 174 0.0464 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0122 0.019 160 0.0575 0.0428 0.212 0.0680 0.0641 

PCB 175 0.0975 0.0683 0.0970 0.0819 0.0849 0.0859 0.012 14 0.101 0.0761 0.138 0.0844 0.0863 

PCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.00988 <LOD 0.00602 <LOD <LOD PCB 177 0.322 0.143 0.210 0.137 0.159 0.194 0.077 40 0.224 0.167 0.939 0.278 0.218 

PCB 178 0.799 0.290 0.419 0.434 0.310 0.450 0.21 46 0.384 0.275 0.787 0.367 0.313 

PCB 180+193 3.73 1.93 2.59 2.38 2.13 2.55 0.70 28 1.54 1.49 3.86 2.86 2.10 

PCB 183 1.03 0.648 0.851 0.929 0.689 0.830 0.16 20 0.750 0.522 1.34 0.845 0.613 

PCB 185 0.0331 0.0160 0.0114 <LOD <LOD 0.0131 0.013 97 0.00874 <LOD 0.0685 <LOD 0.0195 

PCB 187 4.79 2.38 3.41 3.27 2.75 3.32 0.92 28 2.67 1.82 4.51 3.56 2.88 

PCB 188 0.0241 0.0247 0.0247 0.0330 0.0242 0.0261 0.0038 15 0.0292 0.00191 0.0158 0.0116 0.0120 

PCB 189 0.0594 0.0431 0.0590 0.0415 0.0355 0.0477 0.011 23 0.0586 0.0394 0.0543 0.0656 0.0505 

PCB 191 0.0119 0.00532 0.0104 <LOD 0.0116 0.00854 0.0039 45 0.0164 <LOD 0.0282 0.00938 0.0144 PCB 194 0.475 0.376 0.436 0.457 0.411 0.431 0.039 9.1 0.385 0.288 0.366 0.404 0.294 

PCB 195 0.128 0.153 0.136 0.146 0.141 0.141 0.0095 6.8 0.116 0.107 0.129 0.108 0.118 

PCB 196 0.735 0.499 0.616 0.652 0.556 0.612 0.090 15 0.539 0.352 0.699 0.677 0.454 

PCB 197 0.0436 0.0334 0.0632 0.0521 0.0498 0.0484 0.011 23 0.0304 0.0216 0.0498 0.0479 0.0202 

PCB 199 3.53 2.28 3.23 2.93 2.79 2.95 0.47 16 2.73 1.69 2.83 2.88 2.24 

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 201 1.06 0.652 0.919 0.810 0.722 0.833 0.16 20 0.727 0.527 0.695 0.692 0.652 

PCB 202 0.0610 0.0279 0.0394 0.0243 0.0337 0.0373 0.014 39 0.0844 0.0144 0.220 0.0462 0.0171 

PCB 205 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

PCB 206 0.212 0.106 0.192 0.186 0.0832 0.156 0.057 37 0.130 0.0723 0.110 0.0894 0.0809 

PCB 207 0.0528 0.0234 0.0835 0.0682 0.0202 0.0496 0.028 56 0.0549 0.0177 0.0294 0.0147 0.0216 

PCB 208 0.112 <LOQ 0.145 0.117 0.0564 0.0922 0.047 51 0.100 0.0501 <LOQ 0.0592 <LOQ 

PCB 209 0.173 0.140 0.155 0.153 0.153 0.155 0.012 7.5 0.104 0.0742 0.142 0.133 0.131 
118

Appendix 25. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common murre eggs 

collected at Bogoslof Island in 2005. 

Compound 862 863 866 869 871 Mean SD RSD

BDE 17 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 25 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 30 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 47 0.565 1.86 0.468 0.460 0.567 0.783 0.60 77

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 71 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 74 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 75 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 85 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 97+118 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 <LOQ 0.844 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.351 0.33 94

BDE 100 0.367 0.881 <LOQ 0.350 0.314 0.422 0.27 63

BDE 101 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 139 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 156 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 173+190 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 181 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 182 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 196 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 198 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 203 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 204+197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 8 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 28+31 1.37 3.44 1.67 1.54 1.75 1.96 0.84 43

PCB 29 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 44 0.0114 <LOD 0.00836 <LOD 0.0247 0.0104 0.0089 85

PCB 45 0.0419 0.0574 0.187 0.161 0.0443 0.0983 0.070 71

PCB 49 0.0337 0.0249 0.0163 <LOD 0.0191 0.0191 0.012 62

PCB 52 0.188 0.125 0.106 0.0492 0.159 0.126 0.053 42

PCB 56 0.409 0.672 0.411 0.484 0.468 0.489 0.11 22

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 66 1.33 2.95 1.49 1.59 1.67 1.81 0.65 36

PCB 70 0.0991 0.0543 0.0548 0.0162 0.0893 0.0627 0.033 52

PCB 74 1.06 2.54 1.29 1.22 1.33 1.49 0.60 40

PCB 79 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 82 0.0489 0.0402 0.0413 0.0404 0.0733 0.0488 0.014 29

PCB 87 0.0825 0.0503 0.0433 0.0386 0.0912 0.0612 0.024 39

PCB 92 0.0532 0.0187 0.0306 0.0258 0.0353 0.0327 0.013 40

PCB 95+121 0.159 0.0598 0.0662 0.0576 0.0692 0.0823 0.043 52

PCB 99 3.31 8.59 3.93 3.26 4.17 4.65 2.2 48

PCB 101 0.208 0.107 0.0482 0.0410 0.169 0.115 0.074 64

PCB 105 1.05 3.50 1.32 1.43 1.28 1.71 1.0 59
119

Appendix 25 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in common 

murre eggs collected at Bogoslof Island in 2005. 

Compound 862 863 866 869 871 Mean SD RSD

PCB 106 0.0120 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0386 0.0047 120

PCB 107 0.165 0.174 0.117 0.119 0.169 0.149 0.028 19

PCB 110 0.0486 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0455 0.0266 0.019 72

PCB 112 0.0181 0.0209 0.00765 0.0221 0.0173 0.0172 0.057 33

PCB 114 0.216 0.640 0.257 0.262 0.237 0.322 0.18 55

PCB 118 3.70 13.8 4.56 4.40 4.81 6.25 4.2 68

PCB 119 0.0821 0.261 0.0867 0.0776 0.0989 0.121 0.079 65

PCB 127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 128 0.562 2.64 0.521 0.488 0.696 0.981 0.93 95

PCB 130 0.202 0.884 0.208 0.169 0.281 0.349 0.30 87

PCB 137 0.180 0.586 0.181 0.128 0.203 0.256 0.19 73

PCB 138 4.10 25.1 4.39 3.52 5.17 8.46 9.3 110

PCB 146 1.63 9.99 1.77 1.83 2.12 3.47 3.6 110

PCB 149 0.378 0.251 0.141 0.138 0.264 0.235 0.10 43

PCB 151 0.116 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0310 0.048 160

PCB 153+132 9.24 63.0 9.84 8.10 11.5 20.3 24 120

PCB 154 0.119 0.0516 0.00870 0.0280 0.0529 0.0520 0.042 80

PCB 156 0.286 32.1 0.335 0.374 0.327 6.69 14 210

PCB 157 0.106 0.352 0.0797 0.0834 0.0757 0.139 0.12 86

PCB 158 0.273 1.99 0.286 0.315 0.395 0.651 0.75 120

PCB 159 0.0185 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0836 0.0065 77

PCB 163 1.39 11.8 1.58 1.25 1.76 3.56 4.6 130

PCB 165 0.0328 0.0175 0.00247 0.0110 0.00681 0.0141 0.012 84

PCB 166 0.0566 0.109 0.0169 0.0412 0.0264 0.0499 0.036 72

PCB 167 0.297 2.04 0.292 0.328 0.334 0.659 0.77 120

PCB 170 0.811 16.6 0.737 0.768 1.00 3.98 7.0 180

PCB 172 0.262 3.71 0.249 0.317 0.320 0.972 1.5 160

PCB 174 0.109 0.0817 0.0346 0.0666 0.00946 0.0603 0.039 65

PCB 175 0.125 0.472 <LOQ 0.0782 0.0865 0.156 0.18 120

PCB 176 0.0614 <LOD <LOD 0.0134 0.00786 0.0174 0.025 140

PCB 177 0.247 1.38 0.187 0.153 0.261 0.446 0.53 120

PCB 178 0.334 2.09 0.262 0.222 0.297 0.642 0.81 130

PCB 180+193 2.42 32.8 1.92 1.74 2.50 8.27 14 170

PCB 183 0.693 6.72 0.527 0.630 0.661 1.85 2.7 150

PCB 185 0.0818 0.0939 <LOD 0.0290 <LOD 0.0413 0.044 110

PCB 187 3.12 21.4 2.59 2.35 3.45 6.59 8.3 130

PCB 188 0.0508 0.0350 0.0130 0.0195 0.0190 0.0275 0.015 56

PCB 189 0.0473 0.784 0.0372 0.0535 0.0418 0.193 0.33 170

PCB 191 0.0132 0.162 0.00746 <LOD 0.00814 0.0390 0.069 180

PCB 194 0.449 6.07 0.222 0.372 0.332 1.49 2.6 170

PCB 195 0.0850 2.48 0.0940 0.116 0.0994 0.575 1.1 190

PCB 196 1.07 5.21 0.353 0.457 0.459 1.51 2.1 140

PCB 197 0.0928 0.265 <LOD 0.0423 0.0330 0.0871 0.10 120

PCB 199 5.24 21.0 1.93 2.96 2.52 6.74 8.1 120

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 1.18 3.34 0.474 0.843 0.606 1.29 1.2 91

PCB 202 0.508 0.0243 <LOD 0.0326 0.0328 0.120 0.22 180

PCB 205 <LOD 0.279 <LOD 0.00541 <LOD 0.0585 0.12 210

PCB 206 0.502 1.20 0.108 0.116 0.0419 0.393 0.48 120

PCB 207 0.200 0.150 0.0736 0.0797 0.00558 0.102 0.075 74

PCB 208 0.388 0.327 0.126 0.131 <LOQ 0.202 0.15 74

PCB 209 0.194 0.422 0.102 0.196 0.0777 0.198 0.14 69
120

Appendix 26. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in thickbilled murre eggs collected at St. Lazaria Island in 2002. 

Compound 133 134 135 136 137 139 Mean SD RSD

percent lipid 10.8 10.3 9.93 9.69 11.6 10.0 10.4 0.70 6.7

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

4,4,'-DDD 0.687 0.636 0.684 1.28 4.84 0.820 1.49 1.7 110

4,4'-DDE 230 172 128 204 205 177 186 36 19

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.160 <LOD <LOD

-HCH 3.02 2.00 2.88 3.43 7.00 3.81 3.69 1.7 47

-HCH 27.8 17.3 14.9 26.4 39.6 12.1 23.0 10 45

-HCH 0.399 0.488 0.458 0.521 1.28 0.523 0.612 0.33 54

cis-chlordane 0.170 0.395 0.209 0.306 0.410 0.273 0.294 0.097 33

cis-nonachlor 0.451 0.903 0.191 0.471 13.8 1.34 2.86 5.4 190

trans-chlordane <LOD <LOD 0.103 0.112 1.54 0.141 0.333 0.59 180

trans-nonachlor <LOD <LOD 0.154 0.351 5.52 0.171 1.06 2.2 210

heptachlor epoxide 2.22 3.26 1.10 2.21 8.23 3.51 3.42 2.5 73

oxychlordane 7.38 8.39 2.66 4.08 9.13 5.28 6.15 2.6 42

dieldrin 0.842 4.03 <LOD 1.53 2.38 2.94 1.96 1.5 74

HCB 29.6 24.9 30.0 26.5 34.8 22.8 28.1 4.3 15

mirex 2.12 2.57 1.35 2.24 2.31 1.93 2.09 0.42 20

octachlorosytrene 1.64 1.18 0.541 0.762 0.980 0.954 1.01 0.38 37

pentachlorobenzene 2.54 1.54 1.56 1.83 2.02 2.15 1.94 0.38 20

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.180 <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 47 13.0 9.29 4.27 12.2 14.6 11.8 10.9 3.7 34

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 2.73 2.67 0.820 1.59 7.33 2.35 2.91 2.3 78

BDE 100 3.35 5.89 0.294 2.34 4.46 2.88 3.20 1.9 60

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 0.738 0.621 0.558 0.469 0.872 0.671 0.655 0.14 22

BDE 154 0.323 <LOQ 0.267 0.344 0.613 0.315 0.323 0.17 54
121

Appendix 27. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in thickbilled murre eggs collected at St. George Island in 2002. 

Compound 123 124 125 126 127 128 130 Mean SD RSD

percent lipid 12.1 9.89 12.6 13.2 10.4 12.2 10.2 11.5 1.3 11

2,4'-DDD <LOD 0.163 0.435 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.118 0.15 130

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDT <LOD 0.454 0.152 0.133 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.130 0.15 120

4,4,'-DDD 2.41 3.74 37.3 0.730 0.683 0.757 0.675 6.61 14 210

4,4'-DDE 71.2 90.3 52.8 72.1 81.4 45.7 52.3 66.5 17 25

4,4'-DDT 0.137 0.156 4.68 0.176 0.118 <LOD <LOD 0.773 1.7 220

-HCH 4.39 5.35 4.10 2.46 2.46 3.34 1.11 3.32 1.4 43

-HCH 38.9 14.2 17.1 10.7 9.39 27.9 8.01 18.0 11 63

-HCH 0.680 0.711 0.825 0.350 0.454 0.501 0.165 0.527 0.23 43

cis-chlordane 0.540 0.580 0.426 0.464 0.264 0.298 0.214 0.398 0.14 36

cis-nonachlor 0.970 0.465 0.335 0.569 0.715 0.442 <LOQ 0.514 0.28 54

trans-chlordane 0.144 0.137 0.118 0.106 0.101 0.105 0.110 0.117 0.017 14

trans-nonachlor 0.301 0.873 0.596 0.149 0.104 <LOD 0.165 0.322 0.30 94

heptachlor epoxide 3.90 1.51 1.29 1.53 1.15 2.50 1.14 1.86 1.0 54

oxychlordane 7.09 4.33 4.17 4.10 3.30 4.80 3.14 4.42 1.3 30

dieldrin 4.51 1.66 1.07 0.785 0.822 1.31 0.862 1.57 1.3 85

HCB 60.7 38.4 40.9 23.4 25.0 55.8 14.6 37.0 17 46

mirex 1.64 1.54 1.02 1.10 1.18 1.69 0.831 1.29 0.33 26

octachlorosytrene 1.82 0.874 1.02 0.962 0.973 1.74 0.702 1.16 0.44 38

pentachlorobenzene 4.46 2.61 2.41 1.77 0.993 3.88 1.04 2.45 1.3 54

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 47 0.810 0.569 0.707 0.707 0.196 0.428 0.103 0.503 0.27 54

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 0.781 0.586 0.251 0.700 0.123 0.386 <LOQ 0.417 0.28 67

BDE 100 <LOQ 0.541 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.122 0.19 150

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
122

Appendix 28. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in thickbilled murre eggs collected at St. Lawrence Island in 2002. 

Compound 193 194 195 196 197 198 Mean SD RSD

percent lipid 10.3 10.4 9.87 9.07 12.2 10.3 10.4 1.0 10

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDT 0.186 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.476 0.142 0.17 120

4,4,'-DDD 36.7 47.2 0.690 0.601 0.806 38.9 20.8 22 110

4,4'-DDE 74.5 33.1 46.9 55.2 40.0 70.4 53.4 17 31

4,4'-DDT 0.109 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

-HCH 3.06 2.73 2.51 0.964 1.25 2.42 2.15 0.85 39

-HCH 22.0 27.1 15.4 12.4 30.1 11.5 19.7 7.8 40

-HCH 0.491 0.463 0.350 0.157 0.250 0.366 0.346 0.13 37

cis-chlordane 0.317 0.313 0.381 0.294 0.190 0.236 0.289 0.067 23

cis-nonachlor 0.550 0.366 0.262 0.248 0.794 0.697 0.486 0.23 47

trans-chlordane 0.122 0.164 <LOD <LOD 0.116 0.124 0.109 0.042 39

trans-nonachlor 0.489 0.397 0.146 0.106 0.166 0.253 0.259 0.15 59

heptachlor epoxide 2.27 2.89 2.19 1.13 2.95 1.53 2.16 0.72 34

oxychlordane 5.82 4.09 3.38 3.97 6.65 3.56 4.58 1.3 29

dieldrin 2.04 0.824 0.613 <LOD 1.89 1.24 1.12 0.76 68

HCB 38.6 56.0 33.4 44.6 62.3 21.1 42.6 15 35

mirex 1.55 0.984 0.914 0.764 2.43 1.42 1.34 0.61 46

octachlorosytrene 1.35 1.43 0.940 1.00 2.06 0.961 1.29 0.43 34

pentachlorobenzene 3.36 3.11 4.05 4.40 3.15 1.60 3.28 0.97 30

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 47 0.410 0.781 0.639 0.844 0.415 0.590 0.613 0.18 30

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 0.554 0.592 <LOQ 0.611 0.203 0.339 0.391 0.23 60

BDE 100 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ 0.217 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
123

Appendix 29. Pesticide and PBDE mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in thickbilled murre eggs collected at Cape Lisburne in 2002. 

Compound 180 181 182 183 184 185 Mean SD RSD

percent lipid 10.8 11.3 11.8 11.1 9.51 10.2 10.8 0.811 7.5

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.233 <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

4,4,'-DDD 0.685 1.97 4.82 7.62 0.773 0.576 2.74 2.9 110

4,4'-DDE 37.9 70.0 50.2 54.5 44.4 39.2 49.4 12 24

4,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

-HCH 1.32 2.86 3.73 5.21 3.25 1.42 2.96 1.5 50

-HCH 12.9 28.8 39.7 24.0 10.5 14.5 21.7 11 52

-HCH 0.179 0.426 0.650 0.644 0.377 0.207 0.414 0.20 49

cis-chlordane 0.242 0.308 0.251 0.258 0.361 0.327 0.291 0.048 17

cis-nonachlor 0.416 0.364 1.12 0.530 0.490 0.518 0.573 0.28 48

trans-chlordane <LOD 0.128 0.119 0.133 0.109 <LOD 0.112 0.018 17

trans-nonachlor 0.143 0.143 0.301 0.497 0.114 <LOD 0.202 0.17 84

heptachlor epoxide 1.91 2.36 4.94 2.28 2.86 2.40 2.79 1.1 39

oxychlordane 5.23 6.41 8.05 5.67 5.98 4.49 5.97 1.2 20

dieldrin 0.914 1.12 5.12 1.52 2.01 1.37 2.01 1.6 78

HCB 38.8 94.6 102 75.0 63.7 47.5 70.2 25 36

mirex 1.06 2.23 2.60 2.26 2.10 1.08 1.89 0.65 35

octachlorosytrene 1.62 2.45 2.12 2.09 2.04 1.44 1.96 0.37 19

pentachlorobenzene 1.91 8.20 6.93 6.34 4.06 2.98 5.07 2.5 49

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 47 0.217 1.20 1.32 <LOQ 0.431 0.536 0.631 0.51 82

BDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 99 0.184 1.07 1.44 0.491 0.224 0.126 0.590 0.54 92

BDE 100 <LOQ <LOQ 0.149 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
124

Appendix 30. PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in 

thick-billed murre eggs collected at St. Lazaria Island in 2002. 

Compound 133 134 135 136 137 139 Mean SD RSD

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB28+31 3.36 2.06 1.69 2.36 3.53 2.93 2.66 0.73 28

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 49 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.725 <LOD 0.168 0.27 160

PCB 52 <LOD <LOD 0.111 0.219 0.634 0.247 0.220 0.22 99

PCB 56 1.55 1.39 0.930 1.00 1.08 1.17 1.19 0.24 20

PCB 63 0.602 0.607 0.437 0.557 0.527 0.586 0.553 0.064 12

PCB 66 5.59 2.79 2.38 3.54 3.80 3.90 3.67 1.1 30

PCB 70 0.125 <LOD <LOD 0.115 0.271 0.146 0.129 0.079 61

PCB 74 3.83 2.49 1.86 2.51 3.14 3.15 2.83 0.69 24

PCB 95 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.655 <LOD 0.146 0.25 170

PCB 99 11.8 2.15 5.16 9.42 17.1 11.1 9.45 5.3 56

PCB 105 5.40 5.80 2.59 4.08 4.23 3.96 4.34 1.1 26

PCB 107 1.06 1.30 0.363 0.775 1.21 0.928 0.939 0.34 36

PCB 110 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.16 <LOD 0.232 0.46 200

PCB 114 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 118+106 20.1 14.3 9.03 15.0 20.6 16.8 16.0 4.3 27

PCB 119 0.242 0.188 1.09 0.117 1.61 0.272 0.586 0.62 110

PCB 130 0.706 1.37 <LOD 0.497 1.34 0.721 0.777 0.51 66

PCB 132 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.732 <LOD 0.161 0.28 180

PCB 137 0.510 0.144 0.164 0.339 1.08 0.622 0.477 0.35 74

PCB 138 23.9 5.08 8.06 16.4 25.6 19.5 16.4 8.3 51

PCB 146 11.8 8.20 4.44 8.01 9.36 7.36 8.20 2.4 30

PCB 149 0.242 0.258 0.234 0.565 4.40 0.416 1.02 1.7 160

PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.306 <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 153 53.6 25.8 19.6 37.0 53.8 41.2 38.5 14 37

PCB 154 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.777 0.108 0.183 0.29 160

PCB 156 2.59 3.40 0.941 1.52 1.24 1.15 1.81 0.97 54

PCB 157 0.496 0.628 0.238 0.384 0.432 0.349 0.421 0.13 32

PCB 158 1.26 1.90 0.893 1.25 2.80 1.46 1.60 0.68 43

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 9.80 13.5 3.65 6.56 7.95 6.28 7.95 3.4 43

PCB 165 0.148 0.126 <LOD 0.156 0.134 <LOD 0.125 0.027 22

PCB 166 0.133 <LOD 0.123 <LOD 0.602 0.105 0.179 0.21 120

PCB 167+128 4.52 4.78 1.45 3.23 6.72 3.68 4.06 1.8 43

PCB 170 9.22 13.8 3.03 6.40 6.39 5.40 7.37 3.7 50

PCB 172 2.33 2.82 1.07 1.54 1.55 1.22 1.76 0.68 39

PCB 174 <LOD 0.115 <LOD <LOD 1.10 0.219 0.269 0.41 150

PCB 175 0.384 0.500 0.231 0.286 0.248 0.281 0.321 0.10 32

PCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.310 0.185 0.125 0.11 86

PCB 177 1.02 2.58 0.313 0.759 5.02 1.64 1.89 1.7 91

PCB 178 1.98 2.84 0.497 1.45 3.20 1.45 1.90 0.99 52

PCB 180+193 18.8 13.7 5.93 12.1 18.5 12.8 13.6 4.8 35

PCB 183 5.86 6.19 2.24 3.41 6.20 3.06 4.49 1.8 40

PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.282 <LOD <LOD

PCB 187 19.1 21.8 6.15 12.4 17.5 12.0 14.8 5.7 38

PCB 188 0.107 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.107 0.108 <LOD

PCB 189 0.413 0.528 0.152 0.232 0.250 0.255 0.305 0.14 45

PCB 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.268 <LOD <LOD

PCB 194 5.35 6.76 2.64 2.99 3.44 2.55 3.96 1.7 43

PCB 195 2.21 2.52 1.43 1.17 1.44 1.37 1.69 0.54 32

PCB 197 0.473 0.464 0.130 0.137 0.274 0.388 0.311 0.15 50

PCB 199 9.50 10.4 3.64 5.04 4.29 5.06 6.32 2.9 46

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.357 <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 1.07 1.09 <LOD 0.700 0.248 0.689 0.639 0.43 67

PCB 206 1.60 1.92 1.34 0.991 1.62 1.02 1.41 0.37 26

PCB 207 0.264 0.234 0.128 0.122 0.136 0.210 0.182 0.062 34

PCB 208 0.536 0.729 <LOQ 0.120 0.232 0.446 0.357 0.26 72

PCB 209 1.26 1.51 0.664 0.688 1.01 0.953 1.02 0.33 33
125

Appendix 31. PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in 

thick-billed murre eggs collected at St. George Island in 2002. 

Compound 123 124 125 126 127 128 130 Mean SD RSD

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB28+31 4.22 2.51 1.42 2.25 1.82 3.24 1.63 2.44 0.99 41

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD 0.114 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 49 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.131 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 52 0.273 0.231 0.159 0.189 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.134 0.10 78

PCB 56 1.09 0.664 0.846 0.951 1.01 1.04 0.923 0.932 0.14 15

PCB 63 1.25 0.711 0.367 0.461 0.469 0.546 0.465 0.610 0.30 50

PCB 66 3.05 1.78 1.16 2.65 2.47 2.48 2.10 2.24 0.62 28

PCB 70 0.106 0.112 <LOD 0.113 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 74 2.38 1.60 1.30 2.11 1.84 2.00 1.86 1.87 0.35 19

PCB 95 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 99 6.44 9.94 0.987 5.51 1.53 4.31 1.82 4.36 3.2 74

PCB 105 1.99 1.50 1.66 2.17 1.89 2.00 1.66 1.84 0.24 13

PCB 107 0.493 0.430 0.497 0.379 0.265 0.349 0.341 0.393 0.085 22

PCB 110 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 114 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 118+106 7.94 8.03 3.35 7.49 5.43 6.17 4.87 6.18 1.8 28

PCB 119 <LOD <LOD 0.104 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 130 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 132 <LOD 0.544 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.105 0.19 190

PCB 137 0.225 0.392 <LOD 0.211 <LOD 0.105 <LOD 0.153 0.13 85

PCB 138 7.09 7.21 1.56 6.62 2.06 5.35 3.14 4.72 2.4 52

PCB 146 2.73 2.86 1.22 2.37 1.44 2.34 1.33 2.04 0.69 34

PCB 149 0.427 0.364 0.568 0.167 0.103 <LOD 0.143 0.262 0.19 73

PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ 0.195 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 153 15.5 31.2 6.25 17.0 8.03 11.8 5.78 13.7 8.9 65

PCB 154 <LOD 0.159 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 156 0.311 0.432 0.226 0.287 0.294 0.314 0.258 0.303 0.065 21

PCB 157 <LOD 0.288 0.151 0.117 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.110 0.088 80

PCB 158 0.416 0.724 0.191 0.465 0.221 0.435 0.194 0.378 0.19 51

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.68 2.56 1.82 2.19 1.47 2.42 1.84 2.14 0.45 21

PCB 165 <LOD 0.169 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 166 <LOD 0.304 <LOD 0.115 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.107 0.090 85

PCB 167+128 0.973 <LOD <LOD 0.969 <LOD 0.156 <LOD 0.333 0.44 130

PCB 170 1.13 0.842 0.826 0.921 0.709 0.954 0.662 0.863 0.16 18

PCB 172 0.327 0.248 0.354 0.360 0.309 0.356 0.201 0.308 0.061 20

PCB 174 <LOD 0.444 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 175 <LOQ 0.260 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 177 0.385 <LOQ 0.113 0.214 <LOQ 0.169 0.124 0.158 0.12 75

PCB 178 0.492 0.665 0.266 0.439 0.305 0.315 0.240 0.389 0.15 39

PCB 180+193 2.68 3.96 1.29 2.69 0.991 2.04 1.14 2.11 1.1 51

PCB 183 0.830 1.46 0.600 0.709 0.441 0.585 0.304 0.704 0.38 53

PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 187 3.34 3.75 2.37 3.09 1.34 2.64 1.96 2.64 0.83 32

PCB 188 <LOD 0.565 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.110 0.20 180

PCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 194 0.113 0.439 <LOD 0.255 0.314 <LOD 0.355 0.229 0.15 66

PCB 195 0.174 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.106 <LOQ 0.144 <LOQ

PCB 197 <LOD 0.574 <LOD 0.109 0.144 <LOD <LOD 0.143 0.20 140

PCB 199 0.645 0.791 0.392 0.999 0.654 0.974 0.734 0.741 0.21 28

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 <LOD 0.222 0.112 0.121 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.100 0.062 62

PCB 206 0.385 1.04 0.473 <LOD <LOD 0.206 <LOD 0.367 0.37 100

PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.101 <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 209 0.369 0.796 0.425 0.450 0.367 0.451 0.346 0.458 0.16 34
126

Appendix 32. PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in 

thick-billed murre eggs collected at St. Lawrence Island in 2002. 

Compound 193 194 195 196 197 198 Mean SD RSD

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB28+31 3.27 2.28 2.25 2.97 2.78 1.79 2.56 0.55 22

PCB 44 0.103 0.217 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.177 0.113 0.071 63

PCB 49 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 52 0.336 0.235 0.119 <LOD 0.102 0.177 0.175 0.096 55

PCB 56 1.12 0.861 0.865 0.916 1.14 0.876 0.962 0.13 14

PCB 63 0.514 0.476 0.429 0.493 0.589 0.562 0.511 0.058 11

PCB 66 3.54 1.77 2.19 2.43 2.56 2.46 2.49 0.59 24

PCB 70 0.126 <LOD 0.121 <LOD 0.113 0.128 0.102 0.031 31

PCB 74 2.66 1.68 1.82 1.90 2.29 1.99 2.05 0.36 17

PCB 95 0.163 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 99 8.78 4.69 4.82 4.88 5.68 6.69 5.92 1.6 27

PCB 105 3.73 1.76 2.04 2.53 2.08 2.34 2.41 0.70 29

PCB 107 0.501 0.256 0.303 0.304 0.350 0.391 0.351 0.087 25

PCB 110 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 114 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 118+106 13.4 5.99 7.19 8.11 7.15 8.08 8.33 2.6 32

PCB 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 130 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 132 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 137 0.324 <LOD 0.274 0.168 0.162 0.269 0.208 0.099 48

PCB 138 9.46 4.58 5.91 5.11 6.78 6.94 6.46 1.7 27

PCB 146 3.54 2.26 2.02 2.17 3.02 2.72 2.62 0.59 22

PCB 149 0.560 0.491 0.194 0.111 0.142 0.389 0.314 0.19 61

PCB 151 0.119 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 153 21.3 14.5 12.4 16.8 15.9 16.3 16.2 3.0 18

PCB 154 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 156 0.969 0.142 0.544 0.594 0.315 0.190 0.459 0.31 67

PCB 157 0.345 0.251 0.127 0.222 <LOD <LOD 0.173 0.12 69

PCB 158 0.539 0.424 0.343 0.583 0.402 0.408 0.450 0.091 20

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.98 2.24 2.16 1.96 2.65 1.97 2.33 0.41 18

PCB 165 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 166 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.130 <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 167+128 1.86 0.731 0.719 0.886 0.359 0.799 0.893 0.51 57

PCB 170 1.41 0.879 1.07 1.17 0.927 1.01 1.08 0.19 18

PCB 172 0.557 0.372 0.261 0.438 0.272 0.279 0.363 0.12 32

PCB 174 0.120 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 175 <LOQ 0.125 <LOQ 0.119 <LOQ 0.108 <LOQ

PCB 176 <LOD 0.127 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 177 0.487 0.347 0.207 0.104 0.123 0.366 0.272 0.15 56

PCB 178 0.481 0.482 0.296 0.298 0.357 0.466 0.397 0.090 23

PCB 180+193 3.14 1.90 2.58 2.34 2.34 2.55 2.48 0.41 16

PCB 183 0.925 0.675 0.721 0.709 0.741 0.658 0.738 0.096 13

PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 187 3.64 2.99 2.56 2.52 3.54 3.16 3.07 0.47 16

PCB 188 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 194 0.279 0.238 0.500 0.867 0.523 <LOD 0.415 0.28 67

PCB 195 0.208 0.373 0.353 0.498 0.229 0.184 0.308 0.12 40

PCB 197 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.121 <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 199 1.51 0.161 0.751 1.41 1.25 0.146 0.873 0.62 71

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.118 <LOD <LOD

PCB 206 0.170 0.311 0.110 0.223 0.308 0.307 0.238 0.085 36

PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.139 <LOQ

PCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 209 0.472 0.358 0.622 0.666 0.495 0.300 0.486 0.14 29
127

Appendix 33. PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in 

thick-billed murre eggs collected at Cape Lisburne in 2002. 

Compound 180 181 182 183 184 185 Mean SD RSD

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB28+31 2.44 3.70 3.31 3.06 2.55 2.33 2.90 0.55 19

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 49 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 52 <LOD <LOD 0.180 0.270 <LOD <LOD 0.107 0.10 96

PCB 56 1.14 0.932 0.903 1.03 0.944 0.861 0.968 0.10 10

PCB 63 0.530 0.513 0.500 0.537 0.476 0.481 0.506 0.025 5.0

PCB 66 2.88 2.69 2.34 2.39 2.06 2.17 2.42 0.31 13

PCB 70 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 74 2.29 2.13 2.02 2.00 1.67 1.88 2.00 0.21 11

PCB 95 <LOD 0.244 3.57 0.199 <LOD <LOD 0.699 1.4 200

PCB 99 4.11 7.49 6.51 7.28 2.45 4.31 5.36 2.0 38

PCB 105 1.99 2.40 2.09 2.58 1.81 1.90 2.13 0.30 14

PCB 107 0.262 0.168 0.456 0.306 0.241 0.178 0.268 0.11 39

PCB 110 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 114 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 118+106 6.21 8.92 7.46 7.69 5.29 6.13 6.95 1.3 19

PCB 119 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 130 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 132 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 137 0.124 <LOD <LOD 0.140 <LOD 0.124 0.105 0.049 47

PCB 138 5.67 6.55 6.70 6.64 2.53 5.43 5.59 1.6 28

PCB 146 2.16 3.66 3.15 3.35 2.06 2.05 2.74 0.73 27

PCB 149 0.101 0.208 0.329 0.531 <LOD 0.113 0.221 0.18 83

PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.160 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 153 12.0 18.4 17.6 18.6 19.2 15.1 16.8 2.8 17

PCB 154 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 156 0.341 0.588 0.116 0.289 0.538 0.363 0.372 0.17 46

PCB 157 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 158 0.301 0.309 0.174 0.341 0.227 0.327 0.280 0.065 23

PCB 159 <LOQ 0.105 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.46 2.17 2.06 3.11 1.85 2.06 2.29 0.45 20

PCB 165 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 166 <LOD 0.106 0.124 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 167+128 0.115 0.571 0.757 0.497 <LOD 0.400 0.400 0.27 67

PCB 170 0.775 1.37 1.34 1.24 0.789 0.795 1.05 0.29 28

PCB 172 0.229 0.501 0.452 0.533 0.355 0.233 0.384 0.13 35

PCB 174 <LOD <LOD 0.105 <LOD <LOD 0.115 <LOD

PCB 175 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 177 <LOQ 0.179 0.210 0.195 <LOQ 0.140 0.132 0.080 60

PCB 178 0.230 0.527 0.614 0.641 0.438 0.316 0.461 0.16 36

PCB 180+193 1.71 2.98 2.53 2.78 1.13 2.03 2.19 0.70 32

PCB 183 0.458 1.02 1.27 1.12 0.684 0.546 0.848 0.33 39

PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 187 2.46 4.14 4.49 4.34 1.96 2.59 3.33 1.1 34

PCB 188 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.110 <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 194 0.250 0.236 0.496 0.235 0.325 0.241 0.297 0.10 35

PCB 195 0.165 0.368 0.458 <LOQ 0.410 0.262 0.293 0.14 49

PCB 197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.188 0.119 0.098 83

PCB 199 0.776 0.618 0.585 0.540 0.408 0.879 0.634 0.17 27

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.125 <LOD

PCB 201 <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.124 <LOD 0.116 <LOD

PCB 206 <LOD 0.545 0.741 0.827 <LOD <LOD 0.380 0.37 97

PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 209 0.302 0.385 0.477 0.317 0.366 0.334 0.363 0.063 17
128

Appendix 34. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in glaucous-winged gull eggs collected 

in 2005. 

Compound 641 642 644 Mean SD RSD 664 666 669 Mean SD RSD Mean 

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.61 <LOQ <LOQ 0.566 0.90 160 0.289 

PCB 28+31 1.37 2.93 1.45 1.92 0.88 46 13.9 0.268 0.296 4.82 7.9 160 3.37 

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD 0.264 0.0992 0.14 140 0.100 <LOD <LOD 0.0396 0.052 130 0.0694 PCB 49 0.331 0.348 0.364 0.348 0.017 4.7 0.622 0.419 0.309 0.450 0.16 35 0.399 PCB 52 1.01 1.30 1.35 1.22 0.18 15 6.48 0.950 0.580 2.67 3.3 120 1.95 PCB 56 0.183 0.111 <LOD 0.107 0.078 72 0.144 0.286 0.132 0.187 0.086 46 0.147 PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 66 3.99 4.77 2.41 3.72 1.2 32 12.7 0.956 1.07 4.91 6.7 140 4.32 PCB 70 <LOD 0.129 <LOD 0.0435 0.074 170 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0289 PCB 74 2.81 4.16 1.65 2.87 1.3 44 7.06 0.512 0.568 2.71 3.8 140 2.79 PCB 87 0.184 0.425 0.344 0.318 0.12 39 0.304 0.303 0.174 0.260 0.075 29 0.289 PCB 92 0.217 0.339 0.530 0.362 0.16 44 0.734 <LOQ <LOQ 0.253 0.42 160 0.308 PCB 95 0.292 0.409 0.428 0.376 0.074 20 0.449 0.267 0.181 0.299 0.14 46 0.338 PCB 99 10.7 15.0 6.69 10.8 4.2 38 8.33 2.78 2.77 4.63 3.2 69 7.71 

PCB 101 2.21 1.43 1.49 1.71 0.43 25 5.05 1.31 0.270 2.21 2.5 110 1.96 PCB 105 4.17 5.85 2.43 4.15 1.7 41 5.61 1.12 1.17 2.63 2.6 98 3.39 PCB 107 <LOQ 0.415 <LOQ 0.180 0.20 110 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0972 PCB 110 3.16 2.27 2.26 2.56 0.52 20 4.17 0.836 0.768 1.92 1.9 100 2.24 PCB 114 0.494 0.512 0.344 0.450 0.092 20 0.633 0.190 0.339 0.387 0.23 58 0.419 PCB 118 14.1 21.1 9.08 14.8 6.0 41 14.7 4.12 3.85 7.56 6.2 82 11.2 PCB 119 0.362 0.496 0.126 0.328 0.19 57 0.360 <LOD 0.103 0.158 0.18 110 0.243 PCB 128 2.87 4.42 1.73 3.01 1.4 45 3.22 0.906 0.901 1.68 1.3 80 2.34 PCB 130 0.877 1.24 0.431 0.849 0.41 48 1.11 0.144 0.235 0.496 0.53 110 0.673 PCB 137 1.70 2.48 1.32 1.83 0.59 32 1.66 1.02 0.968 1.22 0.39 32 1.52 PCB 138 17.7 29.7 12.2 19.9 8.9 45 15.8 6.83 5.21 9.28 5.7 61 14.6 PCB 146 6.33 10.4 4.31 7.01 3.1 44 4.80 2.63 1.81 3.08 1.5 50 5.05 PCB 149 2.27 2.07 1.74 2.03 0.27 13 2.29 0.529 0.534 1.12 1.0 91 1.57 PCB 151 <LOQ 0.164 0.291 0.176 0.11 62 0.172 <LOQ 0.339 0.195 0.13 69 0.186 

PCB 153+132 33.8 60.8 23.9 39.5 19 48 24.8 13.0 9.34 15.7 8.1 51 27.6 

PCB 154 0.741 1.03 0.598 0.790 0.22 28 0.597 0.406 0.394 0.466 0.11 24 0.628 PCB 156 0.933 1.64 0.622 1.07 0.52 49 1.56 0.359 0.345 0.755 0.70 92 0.910 PCB 157 0.216 0.590 0.105 0.304 0.25 84 0.496 0.243 0.142 0.294 0.18 62 0.299 PCB 158 5.67 9.22 4.15 6.35 2.6 41 6.14 3.10 1.81 3.68 2.2 60 5.02 PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 163 2.91 5.42 1.97 3.43 1.8 52 3.05 1.13 1.00 1.73 1.1 66 2.58 PCB 165 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 166 0.738 0.673 0.650 0.687 0.046 6.6 0.722 0.625 0.672 0.673 0.049 7.2 0.680 PCB 167 0.588 1.18 0.219 0.662 0.48 73 0.739 <LOD <LOD 0.254 0.42 170 0.458 PCB 170 3.03 5.87 2.30 3.73 1.9 51 4.62 1.41 1.26 2.43 1.9 78 3.08 

Viesekoi Rocks Middleton I Gulf o
129

Appendix 34 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in glaucous-winged gull egGulf of Alaska in 2005. 

Compound 641 642 644 Mean SD RSD 664 666 669 Mean SD RSD Mea

PCB 172 0.652 1.43 0.472 0.851 0.51 60 0.992 0.250 0.128 0.457 0.47 100 0.65

PCB 174 0.435 0.371 0.378 0.395 0.035 8.9 0.324 <LOD <LOD 0.114 0.18 160 0.25PCB 175 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOPCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOPCB 177 1.14 1.71 0.802 1.22 0.46 38 1.72 0.319 0.468 0.836 0.77 92 1.03 PCB 178 0.930 1.18 0.747 0.952 0.22 23 1.09 0.269 0.164 0.508 0.51 100 0.73

PCB 180+193 9.97 22.2 7.77 13.3 7.8 58 15.2 4.62 3.26 7.69 6.5 85 10.5 

PCB 183 3.19 6.55 2.45 4.06 2.2 54 3.94 1.23 1.13 2.10 1.6 76 3.08 PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOPCB 187 7.50 12.6 5.99 8.70 3.5 40 8.44 8.64 3.78 6.95 2.8 40 7.83 

PCB 188 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOPCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOPCB 191 0.114 0.229 <LOD 0.114 0.11 100 0.191 <LOD <LOD 0.0696 0.11 150 0.092PCB 194 1.05 2.46 0.881 1.46 0.87 59 4.00 0.625 0.609 1.74 2.0 110 1.60 PCB 195 1.07 1.39 1.00 1.15 0.21 18 1.70 0.958 0.919 1.19 0.44 37 1.17 

PCB 196+203 1.80 3.80 1.56 2.39 1.2 52 6.25 1.26 1.20 2.90 2.9 100 2.65 

PCB 197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOPCB 199 1.18 2.95 0.907 1.68 1.1 66 4.46 1.26 0.466 2.06 2.1 100 1.87 PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOPCB 201 <LOD 0.104 <LOD 0.0689 0.030 44 0.247 <LOD <LOD 0.134 0.098 73 0.10PCB 202 0.177 0.303 <LOD 0.162 0.15 92 0.273 <LOD <LOD 0.0971 0.15 160 0.13PCB 206 0.395 0.752 0.298 0.482 0.24 50 2.61 0.450 0.439 1.17 1.3 110 0.82

PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.343 <LOQ <LOQ 0.119 0.19 160 0.063PCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.405 <LOQ <LOQ 0.169 0.21 120 0.10PCB 209 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.202 <LOD <LOD 0.0711 0.11 160 0.045

BDE 28 <LOQ 1.32 0.592 0.783 0.47 60 3.08 <LOQ 0.922 1.47 1.4 97 1.13 

BDE 33 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOBDE 47 15.3 18.9 12.0 15.4 3.5 22 60.6 7.54 153 73.7 74 100 44.6 BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOBDE 66 0.592 0.543 0.600 0.578 0.031 5.3 1.19 0.488 1.23 0.969 0.42 43 0.77BDE 99 4.92 3.38 3.42 3.91 0.88 22 62.4 7.28 108 59.2 50 85 31.6 

BDE 100 2.31 2.96 1.89 2.39 0.54 23 13.3 1.79 20.8 12.0 9.6 80 7.18 BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.855 <LOQ 0.608 0.631 0.21 34 0.41BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 13.8 <LOQ 10.8 8.69 6.4 74 5.00 BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 4.98 <LOQ 6.00 3.71 3.1 85 2.21 BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOBDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 3.34 <LOQ <LOQ 1.30 1.8 140 0.76

Viesekoi Rocks Middleton I Gu
130

Appendix 35. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in glaucous-winged gull eggs collected 

2005. 

Compound 655 658 661 Mean SD RSD 576 578 579 Mean SD RSD Mean 

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ 0.902 0.320 0.50 160 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.187 0

PCB 28+31 1.68 2.61 2.06 2.12 0.47 22 2.57 2.21 2.35 2.38 0.18 7.6 2.25 0

PCB 44 <LOD 0.139 <LOD 0.0561 0.072 130 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0362 0PCB 49 0.391 0.379 0.321 0.364 0.037 10 0.366 0.521 0.324 0.404 0.10 26 0.384 0PCB 52 1.48 2.81 1.14 1.81 0.88 49 0.953 1.57 0.609 1.04 0.49 47 1.43 0PCB 56 <LOD <LOD 0.117 0.0510 0.057 110 0.635 0.101 0.153 0.296 0.29 99 0.174 0PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 66 2.61 4.19 5.32 4.04 1.4 34 2.69 2.55 3.34 2.86 0.42 15 3.45 PCB 70 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.110 0.178 <LOD 0.0963 0.089 93 0.0546 0PCB 74 1.85 3.03 3.80 2.89 0.98 34 1.94 1.76 2.13 1.94 0.19 9.5 2.42 0PCB 87 0.183 0.240 <LOD 0.145 0.12 83 0.219 0.402 0.181 0.267 0.12 44 0.206 0PCB 92 0.239 0.482 0.114 0.278 0.19 67 0.141 0.207 <LOQ 0.125 0.091 72 0.202 0PCB 95 0.549 0.884 0.303 0.579 0.29 50 0.450 0.504 0.282 0.412 0.12 28 0.495 0PCB 99 6.57 11.0 14.4 10.7 3.9 37 7.33 6.07 8.46 7.29 1.2 16 8.97 

PCB 101 1.35 2.11 1.43 1.63 0.42 26 0.571 2.52 0.426 1.17 1.2 100 1.40 0PCB 105 2.43 3.77 4.97 3.72 1.3 34 2.51 1.97 2.42 2.30 0.29 13 3.01 PCB 107 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.124 0.121 <LOQ 0.106 0.029 27 0.0812 0PCB 110 1.62 2.30 2.87 2.26 0.63 28 0.790 1.92 1.28 1.33 0.57 43 1.80 0PCB 114 0.461 0.394 0.578 0.478 0.093 19 0.382 0.333 0.359 0.358 0.025 6.8 0.418 0PCB 118 8.76 13.2 19.4 13.8 5.3 39 9.65 7.29 9.56 8.83 1.3 15 11.3 PCB 119 0.265 0.384 0.449 0.366 0.093 25 0.243 0.200 0.241 0.228 0.024 11 0.297 0PCB 128 1.54 2.65 3.70 2.63 1.1 41 1.47 1.29 1.71 1.49 0.21 14 2.06 0PCB 130 0.577 0.774 1.05 0.800 0.24 30 0.264 0.228 0.214 0.235 0.026 11 0.518 0PCB 137 1.29 1.64 2.25 1.73 0.49 28 1.23 1.07 1.28 1.19 0.11 9.2 1.46 0PCB 138 9.97 16.5 24.7 17.1 7.4 43 10.4 8.48 11.5 10.1 1.5 15 13.6 PCB 146 3.73 6.24 9.68 6.55 3.0 46 4.06 2.99 4.68 3.91 0.85 22 5.23 PCB 149 1.44 1.94 2.53 1.97 0.55 28 0.654 1.06 0.799 0.838 0.21 25 1.40 0PCB 151 0.165 0.317 <LOQ 0.171 0.14 84 <LOQ 0.106 <LOQ 0.0661 0.042 64 0.118 0

PCB 153+132 19.0 33.4 52.7 35.0 17 48 22.5 16.7 26.1 21.8 4.7 22 28.4 

PCB 154 0.591 0.419 0.894 0.635 0.24 38 0.558 0.500 0.626 0.561 0.063 11 0.598 0PCB 156 0.507 0.737 1.59 0.945 0.57 60 0.691 0.402 0.594 0.562 0.15 26 0.754 0PCB 157 0.142 0.310 0.482 0.311 0.17 55 0.205 0.213 0.386 0.268 0.10 38 0.290 0PCB 158 2.95 4.33 7.43 4.90 2.3 47 3.37 2.51 3.69 3.19 0.61 19 4.05 PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 163 1.40 2.99 4.16 2.85 1.4 49 1.67 1.35 1.80 1.61 0.23 14 2.23 PCB 165 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 166 0.716 0.710 0.736 0.721 0.014 1.9 0.720 0.632 0.726 0.693 0.053 7.6 0.707 0PCB 167 0.253 0.576 1.26 0.696 0.51 74 0.175 <LOD 0.273 0.153 0.13 87 0.425 0PCB 170 1.40 2.18 4.32 2.63 1.5 57 1.59 1.08 1.62 1.43 0.30 21 2.03 

Ualik Lake Shaiak I Bering S
131

Appendix 35 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in glaucous-winged gull egBering Sea in 2005. 

Compound 655 658 661 Mean SD RSD 576 578 579 Mean SD RSD Mean SD 

PCB 172 0.272 0.485 1.21 0.656 0.49 75 0.337 0.132 0.310 0.260 0.11 43 0.458 0.39 PCB 174 <LOD <LOD 0.348 0.123 0.20 160 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0681 0.14 PCB 175 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 177 0.537 0.661 1.10 0.766 0.30 39 0.175 0.243 0.230 0.216 0.036 17 0.491 0.36 PCB 178 0.267 1.03 0.677 0.658 0.38 58 0.422 0.358 0.308 0.363 0.057 16 0.510 0.29 

PCB 180+193 4.22 7.15 16.8 9.39 6.6 70 4.79 3.25 5.15 4.40 1.0 23 6.89 5.0 

PCB 183 1.70 2.79 5.06 3.18 1.7 54 1.73 1.33 1.98 1.68 0.33 20 2.43 1.4 PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 187 5.26 7.25 10.2 7.57 2.5 33 5.13 4.28 5.69 5.03 0.71 14 6.30 2.1 PCB 188 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 194 0.275 0.633 1.84 0.916 0.82 90 0.721 0.392 0.612 0.575 0.17 29 0.746 0.56 PCB 195 0.917 0.940 1.12 0.992 0.11 11 1.01 0.897 0.962 0.956 0.057 5.9 0.974 0.081 

PCB 196+203 0.931 1.29 2.76 1.66 0.97 58 1.26 0.889 1.25 1.13 0.21 19 1.40 0.69 

PCB 197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 199 0.455 0.835 1.84 1.04 0.72 69 0.626 0.342 0.555 0.508 0.15 29 0.776 0.55 PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 201 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 202 <LOD 0.182 <LOD 0.0662 0.10 150 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0388 0.070 PCB 206 0.253 0.302 0.508 0.354 0.14 38 0.329 0.203 0.248 0.260 0.064 25 0.307 0.11 PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ 0.111 0.0383 0.063 170 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0209 0.044 PCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 209 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 0.540 0.629 2.83 1.33 1.3 97 0.572 <LOQ <LOQ 0.511 0.052 10 0.922 0.94 BDE 33 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 47 0.600 1.76 1.16 1.17 0.58 49 0.551 0.825 0.828 0.735 0.16 22 0.954 0.45 BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 66 <LOD <LOD 0.467 0.299 0.15 49 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.217 0.15 BDE 99 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 100 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

Ualik Lake Shaiak I Bering Sea G
132

Appendix 36. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in glaucous gull eggs collected in the B

Compound 617 619 622 Mean SD RSD 670 673 674 Mean SD RSD Mean 

PCB 18 0.258 <LOQ <LOQ 0.103 0.13 130 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.0621 0

PCB 28+31 2.97 1.85 2.45 2.42 0.56 23 2.15 3.19 2.94 2.76 0.54 20 2.59 

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.163 0.0594 0.090 150 0.0352 0PCB 49 0.344 0.346 0.335 0.342 0.0059 1.7 0.675 0.269 0.752 0.565 0.26 46 0.454 PCB 52 0.422 1.51 1.04 0.991 0.55 55 1.34 0.830 2.83 1.67 1.0 62 1.33 PCB 56 0.413 0.690 0.269 0.457 0.21 47 0.153 0.136 <LOD 0.102 0.074 72 0.280 PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 66 3.67 2.80 3.92 3.46 0.59 17 3.82 5.23 4.98 4.68 0.75 16 4.07 PCB 70 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.159 0.0598 0.086 140 0.0352 0PCB 74 2.87 2.34 3.07 2.76 0.38 14 2.78 3.68 3.55 3.34 0.49 15 3.05 PCB 87 <LOD 0.250 0.174 0.152 0.11 72 0.697 0.179 0.786 0.554 0.33 59 0.353 PCB 92 <LOQ 0.275 0.189 0.160 0.13 83 0.232 0.335 0.652 0.406 0.22 54 0.283 PCB 95 0.205 0.203 0.219 0.209 0.0087 4.2 0.421 0.275 0.800 0.499 0.27 54 0.354 PCB 99 11.6 8.82 10.5 10.3 1.4 14 9.63 12.3 13.2 11.7 1.9 16 11.0 

PCB 101 0.655 2.45 1.74 1.62 0.90 56 4.41 0.146 5.76 3.44 2.9 85 2.53 PCB 105 3.21 2.93 3.50 3.21 0.29 8.9 3.67 4.99 4.62 4.43 0.68 15 3.82 PCB 107 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.283 0.113 0.15 130 0.0744 PCB 110 0.918 1.15 1.14 1.07 0.13 12 3.05 1.93 4.27 3.08 1.2 38 2.08 PCB 114 0.376 0.357 0.411 0.381 0.027 7.2 0.419 0.516 0.494 0.476 0.051 11 0.429 0PCB 118 12.4 10.9 13.4 12.2 1.3 10 12.8 16.0 17.0 15.3 2.2 14 13.8 PCB 119 0.365 0.302 0.223 0.297 0.071 24 0.340 0.367 0.376 0.361 0.019 5.2 0.329 0PCB 128 2.27 2.05 2.09 2.14 0.12 5.5 2.26 2.74 2.91 2.64 0.34 13 2.39 PCB 130 0.443 0.390 0.327 0.387 0.058 15 0.489 0.710 1.09 0.763 0.30 40 0.575 PCB 137 1.63 1.53 1.52 1.56 0.061 3.9 1.65 1.76 1.85 1.75 0.10 5.7 1.66 PCB 138 15.5 13.6 13.5 14.2 1.1 7.9 14.2 16.7 17.9 16.3 1.9 12 15.2 PCB 146 5.58 4.61 5.90 5.36 0.67 13 4.89 5.62 6.43 5.65 0.77 14 5.51 PCB 149 0.595 0.794 0.983 0.791 0.19 25 2.19 1.59 3.72 2.50 1.1 44 1.65 PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.456 0.159 0.26 160 0.0881 

PCB 153+132 35.3 28.5 34.2 32.7 3.7 11 26.5 30.4 33.7 30.2 3.6 12 31.4 

PCB 154 0.766 0.657 0.626 0.683 0.074 11 0.676 0.713 0.803 0.731 0.065 8.9 0.707 0PCB 156 0.727 0.765 0.873 0.788 0.076 9.6 0.784 0.926 0.984 0.898 0.10 11 0.843 PCB 157 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.216 0.198 0.401 0.272 0.11 41 0.139 PCB 158 4.95 4.16 4.68 4.60 0.40 8.7 4.28 4.94 5.85 5.02 0.79 16 4.81 PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 163 1.87 2.51 2.24 2.21 0.32 15 2.22 2.26 2.81 2.43 0.33 14 2.32 PCB 165 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 166 0.749 0.706 0.694 0.716 0.029 4.0 0.739 0.714 0.746 0.733 0.017 2.3 0.725 0PCB 167 0.436 0.406 0.452 0.431 0.023 5.4 0.474 0.574 0.638 0.562 0.083 15 0.497 0PCB 170 2.19 2.21 2.16 2.19 0.025 1.2 1.91 2.22 2.35 2.16 0.23 10 2.17 

Hooper Bay Penny River Delta Bering 
133

Appendix 36 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in glaucous gull eggs collecin 2005. 

Compound 617 619 622 Mean SD RSD 670 673 674 Mean SD RSD Mean 

PCB 172 0.416 0.409 0.556 0.460 0.083 18 0.371 0.425 0.512 0.436 0.071 16 0.448 PCB 174 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.294 <LOD 0.498 0.266 0.25 93 0.141 PCB 175 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 177 0.334 0.284 0.319 0.312 0.026 8.2 0.674 0.727 1.28 0.894 0.34 38 0.603 PCB 178 0.509 0.652 0.725 0.629 0.11 17 0.577 0.898 1.07 0.848 0.25 29 0.739 

PCB 180+193 7.62 7.52 7.53 7.56 0.055 0.73 6.05 6.97 7.52 6.85 0.74 11 7.20 

PCB 183 2.95 2.66 2.62 2.74 0.18 6.6 2.11 2.47 2.80 2.46 0.35 14 2.60 PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 187 6.60 5.67 6.79 6.35 0.60 9.4 6.14 6.76 8.06 6.99 0.98 14 6.67 PCB 188 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 191 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 194 0.782 0.661 0.780 0.741 0.069 9.4 0.559 0.705 0.626 0.630 0.073 12 0.686 PCB 195 1.06 0.950 0.971 0.994 0.058 5.9 0.951 1.02 0.985 0.985 0.035 3.5 0.990 

PCB 196+203 1.63 1.40 1.42 1.48 0.13 8.6 1.16 1.26 1.31 1.24 0.076 6.1 1.36 

PCB 197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 199 0.928 0.689 0.881 0.833 0.13 15 0.624 0.712 0.978 0.771 0.18 24 0.802 PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 201 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LODPCB 202 0.126 <LOD <LOD 0.0519 0.064 120 <LOD <LOD 0.160 0.0561 0.090 160 0.0540 PCB 206 0.341 0.262 0.324 0.309 0.042 13 0.246 0.272 0.274 0.264 0.016 5.9 0.287 PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQPCB 209 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 <LOQ <LOQ 0.608 0.305 0.27 87 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.263 BDE 33 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 47 1.27 0.746 0.967 0.994 0.26 26 2.55 2.99 2.71 2.75 0.22 8.1 1.87 BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 66 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.486 0.494 0.484 0.488 0.0053 1.1 0.319 BDE 99 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.94 2.23 <LOQ 1.85 0.43 23 1.13 

BDE 100 <LOQ 4.16 <LOQ 1.97 1.9 97 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 1.31 BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQBDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

Hooper Bay Penny River Delta Ber
134

Appendix 37. PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) in 

glaucous gull eggs collected in the Chukchi Sea in 2005. 

Compound 611 614 616 Mean SD RSD

PCB 18 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 28+31 2.63 2.29 2.87 2.60 0.29 11

PCB 44 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 49 0.378 0.401 0.357 0.379 0.022 5.8

PCB 52 2.70 0.685 1.73 1.71 1.0 59

PCB 56 0.119 <LOD 0.495 0.212 0.25 120

PCB 63 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 66 3.28 3.63 3.78 3.56 0.26 7.2

PCB 70 0.123 <LOD <LOD 0.0471 0.066 140

PCB 74 2.51 2.78 3.15 2.81 0.32 11

PCB 87 0.252 0.191 0.348 0.264 0.079 30

PCB 92 0.411 <LOQ 0.350 0.262 0.21 79

PCB 95 0.547 0.328 0.375 0.417 0.12 28

PCB 99 10.6 9.84 13.3 11.2 1.8 16

PCB 101 1.82 2.50 1.65 1.99 0.45 23

PCB 105 3.51 3.41 3.85 3.59 0.23 6.4

PCB 107 <LOQ <LOQ 0.176 0.0774 0.089 110

PCB 110 1.83 2.18 2.14 2.05 0.19 9.3

PCB 114 0.432 0.415 0.371 0.406 0.031 7.8

PCB 118 13.1 12.6 15.4 13.7 1.5 11

PCB 119 0.308 0.261 0.360 0.310 0.050 16

PCB 128 2.33 2.34 2.97 2.55 0.37 14

PCB 130 0.455 0.508 0.591 0.518 0.069 13

PCB 137 1.71 1.53 2.03 1.76 0.25 14

PCB 138 15.3 15.4 22.3 17.7 4.0 23

PCB 146 5.22 5.23 7.06 5.84 1.1 18

PCB 149 1.35 1.80 1.56 1.57 0.23 14

PCB 151 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 153+132 30.6 32.0 43.7 35.4 7.2 20

PCB 154 0.696 0.642 0.761 0.700 0.060 8.5

PCB 156 0.884 0.773 1.11 0.922 0.17 19

PCB 157 0.439 <LOD 0.102 0.184 0.23 120

PCB 158 4.24 4.67 6.47 5.13 1.2 23

PCB 159 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 163 2.11 2.23 3.47 2.60 0.75 29

PCB 165 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 166 0.723 0.714 0.749 0.729 0.018 2.5

PCB 167 0.505 0.368 0.592 0.488 0.11 23

PCB 170 2.11 2.10 3.31 2.51 0.70 28

Noatak River Delta, Chukchi Sea GLGU
135

Appendix 37 (continued). PBDE and PCB congener mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) 

in glaucous gull eggs collected in the Chukchi Sea in 2005. 

Compound 611 614 616 Mean SD RSD

PCB 172 0.417 0.347 0.731 0.498 0.20 41

PCB 174 <LOD 0.142 <LOD 0.0587 0.072 120

PCB 175 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 176 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 177 0.441 0.674 0.570 0.562 0.12 21

PCB 178 0.597 0.516 0.821 0.645 0.16 25

PCB 180+193 7.53 7.01 12.0 8.85 2.7 31

PCB 183 2.56 2.65 4.00 3.07 0.81 26

PCB 185 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 187 6.30 6.58 7.75 6.88 0.77 11

PCB 188 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 189 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 191 <LOD <LOD 0.142 0.0513 0.079 150

PCB 194 0.766 0.615 1.21 0.864 0.31 36

PCB 195 1.00 0.954 1.12 1.02 0.086 8.4

PCB 196+203 1.35 1.38 2.25 1.66 0.51 31

PCB 197 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 199 0.657 0.871 1.27 0.933 0.31 33

PCB 200 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 201 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

PCB 202 <LOD <LOD 0.151 0.0544 0.084 150

PCB 206 0.248 0.298 0.458 0.335 0.11 33

PCB 207 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 208 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

PCB 209 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

BDE 28 0.851 0.588 <LOQ 0.512 0.38 75

BDE 33 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 47 0.909 1.67 13.6 5.39 7.1 130

BDE 49 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 66 <LOD 0.503 0.466 0.405 0.14 34

BDE 99 <LOQ <LOQ 12.7 4.78 6.9 140

BDE 100 <LOQ <LOQ 2.65 1.25 1.3 100

BDE 138 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 153 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 154 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 155 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

BDE 183 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

Noatak River Delta, Chukchi Sea GLGU
136

Appendix 38. Pesticide mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in glaucous-winged gull eggs collect

Alaska in 2005. 

Compound 641 642 644 Mean SD RSD 664 666 669 Mean SD RSD 

percent lipid 7.39 8.84 8.58 8.27 0.77 9.3 8.02 7.00 7.32 7.45 0.52 7.0 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD 1.48 0.581 0.78 130 <LOD <LOD 0.226 0.162 0.061 38 

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2,4'-DDT <LOD 0.421 <LOD 0.243 0.15 64 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

4,4'-DDE 215 322 122 220 100 46 74.9 167 43.0 95.0 64 68 4,4'-DDT 1.16 3.32 2.26 2.25 1.1 48 0.947 3.72 <LOD 1.62 1.9 120 

-HCH 0.361 0.266 0.338 0.322 0.050 15 0.386 0.334 0.394 0.371 0.033 8.8 

-HCH 15.9 14.1 12.6 14.2 1.7 12 1.77 5.33 4.51 3.87 1.9 48 

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-nonachlor 1.42 2.17 1.86 1.82 0.38 21 1.57 0.686 0.621 0.959 0.53 55 

trans-chlordane 1.87 2.41 1.39 1.89 0.51 27 1.31 0.859 0.989 1.05 0.23 22 

trans-nonachlor 2.86 4.07 5.21 4.05 1.2 29 3.57 1.53 1.38 2.16 1.2 57 

heptachlor epoxide 3.57 6.61 4.77 4.98 1.5 31 2.91 2.06 1.84 2.27 0.57 25 

oxychlordane 16.0 19.4 8.60 14.7 5.5 38 4.95 5.11 <LOQ 3.92 1.9 49 

dieldrin 13.1 7.69 14.0 11.6 3.4 29 17.7 5.46 7.63 10.3 6.5 64 

HCB 20.5 34.3 21.2 25.3 7.8 31 14.9 9.70 9.73 11.4 3.0 26 

mirex 1.71 4.00 1.46 2.39 1.4 59 1.01 0.696 <LOQ 0.679 0.34 50 

pentachlorobenzene 0.438 1.18 0.579 0.732 0.39 54 0.638 <LOQ 0.351 0.384 0.24 62 

Viesekoi Rocks Middleton I 
137

Appendix 39. Pesticide mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in glaucous-winged gull eggs collect

in 2005. 

Compound 655 658 661 Mean SD RSD 576 578 579 Mean SD RSD 

percent lipid 8.23 7.20 5.70 7.04 1.3 18 7.06 6.98 7.73 7.26 0.41 5.7 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

2,4'-DDE 0.350 <LOD <LOD 0.213 0.12 56 <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

4,4'-DDE 87.0 130 213 143 64 45 74.3 59.7 70.5 68.2 7.6 11 4,4'-DDT 0.264 <LOD 2.13 0.868 1.1 130 <LOD 1.90 <LOD 0.686 1.1 150 

-HCH 0.288 0.264 <LOD 0.216 0.10 49 0.413 0.524 0.334 0.424 0.095 23 

-HCH 6.71 15.5 7.68 9.96 4.8 48 13.3 11.4 18.4 14.4 3.6 25 

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-nonachlor 1.71 2.38 1.99 2.03 0.34 17 1.12 1.50 1.58 1.40 0.25 18 

trans-chlordane 1.18 2.30 1.86 1.78 0.56 32 1.12 1.33 1.55 1.33 0.22 16 

trans-nonachlor 4.70 4.97 4.06 4.58 0.47 10 2.64 3.88 2.95 3.16 0.65 20 

heptachlor epoxide 3.81 7.07 3.96 4.95 1.8 37 4.56 3.53 7.32 5.14 2.0 38 

oxychlordane 10.3 20.3 21.3 17.3 6.1 35 10.5 11.3 20.3 14.0 5.4 39 

dieldrin 12.3 10.9 14.1 12.4 1.6 13 5.90 5.47 6.62 6.00 0.58 9.7 

HCB 26.8 44.8 28.9 33.5 9.8 29 42.3 31.3 45.3 39.6 7.4 19 

mirex 1.56 3.01 5.24 3.27 1.9 57 2.24 1.66 2.70 2.20 0.52 24 

pentachlorobenzene 1.00 1.69 1.05 1.25 0.38 31 1.17 0.811 0.956 0.979 0.18 18 

Ualik Lake Shaiak I 
138

Appendix 40. Pesticide mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in glaucous gull eggs collected in the 

Compound 617 619 622 Mean SD RSD 670 673 674 Mean SD RSD 

percent lipid 8.26 5.90 8.67 7.61 1.5 20 7.79 6.42 10.2 8.14 1.9 24 

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

4,4'-DDE 85.5 89.0 109 94.5 13 13 121 129 163 138 22 16 4,4'-DDT 0.231 1.47 1.16 0.954 0.64 68 5.67 <LOD 7.64 4.45 4.0 89 

-HCH <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 

-HCH 17.8 15.8 18.1 17.2 1.3 7.3 10.1 17.3 9.82 12.4 4.2 34 

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 

cis-nonachlor 1.08 1.41 1.76 1.42 0.34 24 1.41 1.97 2.82 2.07 0.71 34 

trans-chlordane 1.76 1.47 1.43 1.55 0.18 12 1.33 2.41 1.59 1.78 0.56 32 

trans-nonachlor 2.67 2.78 2.90 2.78 0.12 4.1 3.21 5.86 4.82 4.63 1.3 29 

heptachlor epoxide 7.28 5.17 5.82 6.09 1.1 18 4.22 5.49 4.17 4.63 0.75 16 

oxychlordane 18.4 13.8 15.6 15.9 2.3 15 14.9 18.2 18.4 17.2 2.0 11 

dieldrin 6.65 6.14 5.22 6.00 0.72 12 9.76 9.13 16.8 11.9 4.3 36 

HCB 53.0 31.5 56.9 47.1 14 29 28.9 48.7 34.9 37.5 10 27 

mirex 3.59 2.22 3.50 3.10 0.77 25 2.12 2.52 2.63 2.42 0.27 11 

pentachlorobenzene 0.754 0.575 1.09 0.806 0.26 32 0.869 1.52 1.03 1.14 0.34 30 

Hooper Bay Penny River Delta 
139

Appendix 41. Pesticide mass fractions (ng g-1 wet mass) with percent lipids in glaucous gull eggs 

collected in the Chukchi Sea in 2005. 

Compound 611 614 616 Mean SD RSD

percent lipid 7.96 8.34 7.24 7.85 0.56 7.1

2,4'-DDD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDE <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

2,4'-DDT <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD

4,4,'-DDD <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

4,4'-DDE 100 119 136 118 18 15

4,4'-DDT 1.80 3.31 1.71 2.27 0.90 40

-HCH <LOD 0.438 0.284 0.245 0.22 88

-HCH 15.2 22.7 22.3 20.1 4.2 21

-HCH <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

cis-chlordane <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ

cis-nonachlor 1.62 1.31 1.70 1.54 0.21 13

trans-chlordane 1.65 1.20 1.72 1.52 0.28 19

trans-nonachlor 4.61 2.16 3.67 3.48 1.2 36

heptachlor epoxide 5.92 7.90 8.59 7.47 1.4 19

oxychlordane 13.9 22.5 22.0 19.5 4.8 25

dieldrin 6.27 8.63 9.39 8.10 1.6 20

HCB 34.5 43.7 42.4 40.2 5.0 12

mirex 2.65 3.02 3.59 3.09 0.47 15

pentachlorobenzene 1.41 1.24 1.37 1.34 0.089 6.6

Noatak River Delta, Chukchi Sea GLGU
140

Appendix 42. Total mercury mass fractions (μg g-1) in seabird eggs arranged by egg storage ID. COMU= commo

thick-billed murre; GLGU = glaucous gull; GWGU = glaucous-winged gull; DIOM = Little Diomede Island; STIsland; STGE = St. George Island; EAAM = East Amatuli Island; BOGO = Bogoslof Island; STLW = St. LawrenCape Lisburne; MIDD = Middleton Island; DUCK = Duck Island; GULL = Gull Island; SHKI = Shaiak Island; N

delta; HOOP = Hooper Bay; VIRK = Viesekoi Rocks; UALK = Ualik Lake; PNRD = Penny River delta; CDEN CPEI = Cape Pierce; SLED = Sledge Island; BLUF = Bluff; BOGO = Bogoslof Island 

ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg 

1 0.056 10 0.255 20 0.033 31 0.195 42 0.049 49 0.072 59 0.025 2 0.077 11 0.118 21 0.028 32 0.357 43 0.036 50 0.107 60 0.015 3 0.051 12 0.277 22 0.023 33 0.159 44 0.040 51 0.024 61 0.013 4 0.070 13 0.131 23 0.029 34 0.171 45 0.032 52 0.109 62 0.026 5 0.044 14 0.266 24 0.018 35 0.219 46 0.033 53 0.091 63 0.044 6 0.039 15 0.189 25 0.013 36 0.168 47 0.031 54 0.113 64 0.041 7 0.065 16 0.211 26 0.032 37 0.188 48 0.040 55 0.050 65 0.018 8 0.010 17 0.251 27 0.041 38 0.114 56 0.080 66 0.045 9 0.067 18 0.217 28 0.016 39 0.090 57 0.097 67 0.048 

19 0.158 29 0.023 40 0.257 58 0.114 

30 0.024 41 0.278

Mean 0.053 0.207 0.026 0.200 0.037 0.086 0.031 

Stdev 0.019 0.054 0.008 0.072 0.006 0.028 0.013 

RSD 36% 26% 30% 36% 15% 33% 44% 

ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg 

78 0.071 133 0.220 123 0.025 180 0.072 193 0.047 297 0.192 308 0.140 79 0.137 134 0.239 124 0.059 181 0.054 194 0.032 298 0.177 311 0.218 80 0.066 135 0.213 125 0.031 182 0.039 195 0.036 299 0.116 312 0.110 81 0.076 136 0.151 126 0.026 183 0.054 196 0.030 300 0.227 314 0.095 82 0.137 137 0.204 127 0.082 184 0.067 197 0.025 301 0.207 315 0.144 83 0.116 139 0.167 128 0.014 185 0.032 198 0.070 302 0.107 317 0.139 84 0.110 130 0.060 303 0.161 318 0.158 85 0.176 304 0.200 319 0.174 

86 0.102 305 0.144 320 0.239 87 0.048 306 0.209 321 0.149 

Mean 0.104 0.199 0.043 0.053 0.040 0.174 0.157 

Stdev 0.037 0.031 0.023 0.014 0.015 0.039 0.042 

RSD 36% 15% 54% 27% 38% 22% 27% 

DIOMCOMU99 STLACOMU99 STGECOMU99 EAAMCOMU99 STGETBMU00 BOGOTBMU00 BOGOCOMU00 

STLATBMU01 STLATBMU02 STGETBMU02 CLISTBMU02 STLWTBMU02 STLACOMU03 MIDDCOMU03 
141

Appendix 42 (continued). Total mercury mass fractions (μg g-1) in all seabird eggs arranged by egg storage ID. C

murre; GLGU = glaucous gull; GWGU = glaucous-winged gull; DIOM = Little Diomede Island, STLA = St. LazSt. George Island; EAAM = East Amatuli Island; BOGO = Bogoslof Island; STLW = St. Lawrence Island; CLIS 

MIDD = Middleton Island; DUCK = Duck Island; GULL = Gull Island; SHKI = Shaiak Island; NOAT = Noatak 

Hooper Bay; VIRK = Viesekoi Rocks; UALK = Ualik Lake; PNRD = Penny River delta; CDEN = Cape DenbigSLED = Sledge Island; BLUF = Bluff; BOGO = Bogoslof Island 

ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg 

464 0.143 489 0.182 493 0.230 505 0.125 576 0.167 611 0.128 617 0.229 465 0.220 490 0.145 494 0.265 506 0.116 578 0.137 614 0.181 619 0.244 466 0.198 491 0.158 495 0.193 507 0.105 579 0.158 616 0.081 622 0.118 467 0.376 492 0.221 496 0.350 508 0.151468 0.132 497 0.118 509 0.143469 0.281 498 0.228 510 0.093470 0.256 500 0.249 511 0.127471 0.141 501 0.196 513 0.187

Mean 0.218 0.176 0.229 0.131 0.154 0.130 0.197 

Stdev 0.079 0.029 0.062 0.028 0.012 0.041 0.056 

RSD 36% 16% 27% 21% 8% 31% 28% 

ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg ID Hg 

655 0.089 664 0.234 670 0.169 676 0.133 748 0.053 761 0.095 777 0.233 658 0.104 666 0.105 673 0.149 677 0.110 756 0.040 764 0.161 780 0.163 661 0.230 669 0.109 674 0.210 678 0.191 757 0.036 767 0.078 782 0.203 

681 0.202 758 0.028 768 0.172 783 0.114 683 0.287 760 0.112 771 0.106 844 0.101 

Mean 0.141 0.149 0.176 0.184 0.054 0.122 0.163 

Stdev 0.063 0.060 0.026 0.062 0.030 0.037 0.051 

RSD 45% 40% 15% 33% 56% 30% 31% 

STLACOMU04 DUCKCOMU04 MIDDCOMU04 GULLCOMU04 SHKIGWGU05 NOATGLGU05 HOOPGLGU05 

UALKGWGU05 MIDDGWGU05 PNRDGLGU05 CDENCOMU05 CPEICOMU05 SLEDCOMU05 BLUFCOMU05 
142

Appendix 43. Organotin levels in selected seabird eggs. COMU = common murre; TBMU = thick-billed murre; gull; GWGU= glaucous-winged gull; BRPE = brown pelican. 

Species Sample Number Location MBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) DBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) 

(

COMU DIOM01COMU99 Little Diomede Island 194 ± 10 211 ± 12 COMU DIOM02COMU99 Little Diomede Island 186 ± 10 147 ± 9 COMU DIOM03COMU99 Little Diomede Island 57 ± 4 88 ± 5 COMU DIOM04COMU99 Little Diomede Island 84 ± 5 121 ± 7 COMU DIOM05COMU99 Little Diomede Island 119 ± 6 80 ± 5 COMU DIOM06COMU99 Little Diomede Island 254 ± 13 170 ± 10 COMU STGE01COMU99 St. George Island 82 ± 5 126 ± 7 COMU STGE02COMU99 St. George Island 118 ± 6 60 ± 4 COMU STGE03COMU99 St. George Island 67 ± 4 97 ± 6 COMU STGE04COMU99 St. George Island 102 ± 6 69 ± 4 COMU STGE05COMU99 St. George Island 72 ± 4 90 ± 5 COMU STGE06COMU99 St. George Island 42 ± 3 68 ± 4 COMU EAAM01COMU99 East Amatuli Island 40 ± 3 40 ± 3 COMU EAAM02COMU99 East Amatuli Island 55 ± 4 101 ± 7 COMU EAAM03COMU99 East Amatuli Island 77 ± 5 43 ± 3 COMU EAAM04COMU99 East Amatuli Island 47 ± 4 97 ± 6 COMU EAAM05COMU99 East Amatuli Island 64 ± 4 85 ± 5 COMU EAAM06COMU99 East Amatuli Island 99 ± 6 97 ± 6 COMU EAAM09COMU03 East Amatuli Island 36 ± 3 66 ± 3 COMU EAAM01COMU03 East Amatuli Island 28 ± 3 100 ± 6 COMU EAAM02COMU03 East Amatuli Island 48 ± 3 38 ± 2 COMU EAAM04COMU03 East Amatuli Island 43 ± 3 58 ± 3 COMU STLA01COMU99 St. Lazaria Island 154 ± 8 98 ± 6 COMU STLA02COMU99 St. Lazaria Island 210 ± 11 118 ± 7 
143

Appendix 43 (continued). Organotin levels in selected seabird eggs. COMU = common murre; TBMU = thick-bi

glaucous gull; GWGU = glaucous-winged gull; BRPE = brown pelican. 

Species Sample Number Location MBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) DBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) 

(

COMU STLA03COMU99 St. Lazaria Island 112 ± 6 113 ±7 COMU STLA04COMU99 St. Lazaria Island 91 ± 5 119 ± 7 COMU STLA05COMU99 St. Lazaria Island 134 ± 7 122 ± 7 COMU STLA06COMU99 St. Lazaria Island 129 ± 7 85 ± 5 COMU STLA01COMU01 St. Lazaria Island 68 ± 4 56 ± 3 COMU STLA02COMU01 St. Lazaria Island 117 ± 6 126 ± 7 COMU STLA03COMU01 St. Lazaria Island 54 ±3 78 ± 5 COMU STLA04COMU01 St. Lazaria Island 46 ± 3 44 ± 3 COMU STLA05COMU01 St. Lazaria Island 51 ± 3 64 ± 4 COMU STLA06COMU01 St. Lazaria Island 61 ± 4 72 ± 4 COMU STLA01COMU03 St. Lazaria Island 162 ± 8 47 ± 3 COMU STLA02COMU03 St. Lazaria Island 32 ± 3 40 ± 2 COMU STLA03COMU03 St. Lazaria Island 45 ± 3 40 ± 2 COMU STLA04COMU03 St. Lazaria Island 115 ± 6 108 ± 6 COMU STLA05COMU03 St. Lazaria Island 164 ± 8 51 ± 3 COMU STLA06COMU03 St. Lazaria Island 43 ± 3 115 ± 7 TBMU CLIS02TBMU02 Cape Lisburne 83 ± 5 45 ± 3 TBMU CLIS03TBMU02 Cape Lisburne 57 ± 4 111 ± 6 TBMU CLIS04TBMU02 Cape Lisburne 178 ± 9 ND ± 12 TBMU CLIS06TBMU02 Cape Lisburne 99 ± 5 113 ± 7 TBMU STGE02TBMU02 St. George Island 98 ± 5 91 ± 6 TBMU STGE03TBMU02 St. George Island 81 ± 5 113 ± 7 TBMU STGE05TBMU02 St. George Island 30 ± 3 50 ± 3 
144

Appendix 43 (continued). Organotin levels in selected seabird eggs. COMU = common murre; TBMU = thick-bi

glaucous gull; GWGU = glaucous-winged gull; BRPE = brown pelican. 

Species Sample Number Location MBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) DBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) 

(

TBMU STGE06TBMU02 St. George Island 91 ± 3 121 ± 7 TBMU STLA01TBMU01 St. Lazaria Island 148 ± 6 197 ± 10 TBMU STLA02TBMU01 St. Lazaria Island 139 ± 7 176 ± 11 TBMU STLA03TBMU01 St. Lazaria Island 77 ± 4 76 ± 4 TBMU STLA04TBMU01 St. Lazaria Island 100 ± 5 112 ± 5 TBMU STLA05TBMU01 St. Lazaria Island 70 ± 4 123 ± 7 TBMU STLA06TBMU01 St. Lazaria Island 77 ± 4 ND ± 7 GLGU NOAT02GLGU05 Noatak River delta 53 ± 5 ND* ±5 GLGU NOAT04GLGU05 Noatak River delta 34 ± 5 26 ± 5 GLGU NOAT05GLGU05 Noatak River delta 23 ± 5 48 ± 5 GLGU NOAT06GLGU05 Noatak River delta 27 ± 5 26 ± 5 GLGU HOOP02GLGU05 Hooper Bay 17 ± 4 7 ± 4 GLGU HOOP05GLGU05 Hooper Bay 27 ± 5 48 ± 5 GLGU HOOP07GLGU05 Hooper Bay 12 ± 4 15 ± 4 GWGU TOGI01GWGU05 Shaiak Island (Togiak) 62 ± 5 37 ± 5 GWGU TOGI02GWGU05 Shaiak Island (Togiak) 24 ± 5 34 ± 5 GWGU TOGI03GWGU05 Shaiak Island (Togiak) 26 ± 5 36 ± 5 GWGU TOGI04GWGU05 Shaiak Island (Togiak) 3 ± 4 15 ± 4 GWGU TOGI05GWGU05 Shaiak Island (Togiak) 9 ± 4 22 ± 4 GWGU TOGI06GWGU05 Shaiak Island (Togiak) 12 ± 4 23 ± 4 GWGU SITK02GWGU05 Viesekoi Rocks (Sitka) 29 ± 5 57 ± 5 GWGU SITK03GWGU05 Viesekoi Rocks (Sitka) 45 ± 5 43 ± 5 GWGU SITK04GWGU05 Viesekoi Rocks (Sitka) 49 ± 5 42 ± 5 
145

Appendix 43 (continued). Organotin levels in selected seabird eggs. COMU = common murre; TBMU = thick-bi

glaucous gull; GWGU = glaucous-winged gull; BRPE = brown pelican. 

Species Sample Number Location MBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) DBT (pg Sn g-1) U (k = 2) 

(

GWGU SITK05GWGU05 Viesekoi Rocks (Sitka) 14 ± 4 21 ± 4 GWGU SITK06GWGU05 Viesekoi Rocks (Sitka) 48 ± 5 40 ± 5 BRPE BP001CRAB05 Charleston Crab Bank 306 ± 15 131 ± 8 BRPE BP002CRAB05 Charleston Crab Bank 359 ±18 204 ± 12 BRPE BP003CRAB05 Charleston Crab Bank 90 ± 5 93 ± 5 BRPE BP004CRAB05 Charleston Crab Bank 333 ± 17 471 ±28 BRPE BP004CRAB05 Charleston Crab Bank 343 ± 17 482 ± 28 BRPE BP006CRAB05 Charleston Crab Bank 349 ± 17 220 ± 13 BRPE BP016MARS05 Charleston Marsh Island 218 ± 11 140 ± 8 

*ND = no data.