T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. J UA N R OD R I GU E Z - GA R C I A, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 12- 50076 D . C . N o. 3: 11 -c r- 05 51 9-L A B -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia L a rry A . B urns , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d N ove m be r5, 2012

P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: G R A B E R , IK U T A , an d W A T F O R D , C i rcu i tJu d g es. T he di stri ctcourtconcl ud ed thatthe go vernm entdi d n otbrea ch the pl ea a gr e e m e nt . W e ne e d notde c i de w he the rtha tde t e rm i na t i on i s r e vi e w e d de novo or f o rc le a re rr o rb e c au s e , u n d e re ith e rs ta n d a r d o f r e v ie w , th e d e te rm in a tio n is e rr o n e o u s . 

# FI LED NO V 16 2012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSP age 2 of 3

T he c onvi c t i on doc um e nt s tha tthe gove rnm e ntr e c e i ve d a f t e rs i gni ng the pl e aa gr e e m e ntc onf

i rm e d tha tR odr i gue z - G a r c i aha d be e n c onvi c t e d of vi ol a t i ng C al i forni a P enal C od e s ec t i on 24 5(b). B utthati nform at i on w as al re ady di sc l osed on R od ri gu ez -G ar ci a’ s r ap shee t , w hi ch st at ed thatR od ri gu ez -G ar ci a had suff er ed a p aro l e v i o l at i o n w i th resp ectt o th e 2 4 5 (b ) co u n tan d h ad b een o rd ered “ t o fi n i sh t e rm ” on tha tc ount . B oth e ntr i e s , w hi c h w e r e on the s a m e pa ge , c ont a i ne d the i dent i fy i ng l abel “ C N T : 01 #D 50 74 9, ” a nd no other e ntri es cont ai ned a si m i l ar i dent i fi er . A defe nd antca nn otbe ordered t o fi ni sh a t erm of i ncar ce ra t i on af t er vi ol at i ng parol e unl es s he w as fi rs tconv i ct ed of the un derl yi ng cr i m e. T hi s e ntry on R odr i gue z - G a r c i a ’ s r ap s he e tthe r e f or e ga ve the gove rnm e nta c tua l not i c e of R o d r ig u e z - G a r c ia ’s 2 4 5 ( b ) c o n v ic tio n . T ha tthe gove rnm e nt ’ s l a w y e rf a i l e d t o appr e c i a t e s ubj e c t i ve l y the s ig n if ic a n c e o f th e in f o rm a tio n d is c lo s e d o n R o d r ig u e z - G a r c ia ’s r ap s h e e t is i rr e l e va nt . N othi ng i n f ootnot e one of

the pl e aa gr e e m e nts a y s tha tappl i c a t i on of the f ootnot e turns on the gove rnm e nt ’ s s ubj e c t i ve l a c k of a w a r e ne s s of

the s i gni f i c a nc e of i nf orm a t i on a l r e a dy w i thi n i t s pos s e s s i on. A tthe ve ry l e a s t , the footno t e i s a m bi gu ou s on thatsc ore, and R od ri gu ez -G ar ci a r ea sonabl y i nt erpret ed the f ootnot e t o pr e ve ntthe gove rnm e ntf r om a l t e r i ng i t s s e nt e nc i ng r e c o m m e n d a tio n b a s e d o n ac o n v ic tio n a lr e a d y d is c lo s e d o n h is r ap s h e e t. SeeP age 3 of 3

U n ite d S ta te s v . D e L a Fu e n te , 8 F . 3d 13 33 , 13 37 & n. 7 (9th C i r. 19 93 ) ( pl ea a g r e e m e n t m u s t b e c o n s tru e d in a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e d e f e n d a n t’s o b

je c tiv e ly r e a s o n ab le u n d e r s ta n d in g o f its te rm s w h e n h e p le a d e d g u ilty ) . B e c au s e th e g o v e rn m e n t b r e a c h e d its o b lig a tio n s u n d e rth e p le aa g r e e m e n t, w e m us tva c a t e R odr i gue z - G a r c i a ’ s s e nt e nc e a nd r e m a nd the c a s e t o adi f f e r e nt d is tr ic t ju d g e f

o rr e s e n te n c in g . U

ni ted Stat es v. A lcala-Sa nchez , 666 F . 3d 571, 577 & n . 2 ( 9 th C i r . 2 0 1 2 ) . I n d o i n g s o , we i n t e n d n o c r i t i c i s m o f th e d i s tr i c tc o u r t ; we r e m a n d to ad if

f e r e n t ju d g e o n ly b e c au s e o u rc a s e la w d e m a n d s th is r e m e d y . I d. R o dr i g ue z - G a r c i a ’ s s e nt e nc e i s VA C A TED a nd t he c a s e R EM A N D ED for r es en te n ci n g b ef

ore a d i ff

er en t j u d ge.A c opy of the r ap s he e ti s a tt a c he d. 1 1 U n ite d S ta te s v . R o dr ig u ez - G a r c ia , N o. 12- 50076 I K U T A , C ir c u it J u d g e , d is s e n tin g : T h e p le aa g r e e m e n t in th is c a s e s ta te s : T he part i es agre e that , i f bef ore def endantis se nt ence d, contra ryor addi t i on al i nform at i on i s di sc ov er ed concerni ng defe nd ant ’ s c ri m i nal hi st ory thatchanges de f e nda nt ’ s appl i c abl e [ s pe c i f i c of f e ns e c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s ] , the n the G ove rnm e nt m ay reco m m en d a sen t en ce b ased u p o n an y su ch ch an g es. W h e n th e g o v e rn m e n t e n te r e d th is a g r e e m e n t, it k n e w th a t R o d r ig u e z - G a r c ia had a 20 06 fe l on y c on vi ct i on for the tra nspo rt at i on of m ar i j uana. A m on th l at er , the go vernm entre ce i ved R od ri gu ez -G ar ci a’ s c ri m i nal hi st ory r eport , w hi ch re veal ed a 198 7 ass aul tconv i ct i on un der s ec t i on 24 5(b) of the C al i forni a P enal C ode . B e c aus e the c r i m i na l hi s t ory r e por tw a s “ c ontr ary ora ddi t i ona l i nf orm a t i on

. . . c onc e rni ng de f

e nda nt ’ s c r i m i na l hi s t ory , ” the gove rnm e ntdi d notbr e a c h the p le aa g r e e m e n t w h e n it c h a n g e d its s e n te n c in g r e c o m m e n d a tio n . T h e m ajo rity d isag re es , claim in g th at a r ap sh ee t i n th e g o v er n m en t’ s po ss es si on atthe t i m e of the agree m entdi sc l osed thatR od ri gu ez -G ar ci a had been c o n v i c t e d o f

av i o l a t i o n o f

s e c t i o n 2 4 5 ( b ) . A f

a i rr e v i e w o f

th e r ap s h e e ts h o ws no thi ng of the sort . E ven acce pt i ng the appel l ant ’ s c l ai m s abo utho w the codes 1 and abb re vi at i on s i n the rap sheetshou l d b e i nt erpret ed, no thi ng i n the rap sheet 

# FI LED NO V 16 2012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

s ta te s th a t R o d r ig u e z - G a r c iaw a s c o n v ic te d o f av io la tio n o f

s e c tio n 2 4 5 ( b ) . M oreover, because other c on vi ct i on s are no t ed express l y on the rap sheet , the cl ea r in f e r e n c e is th a t R o d r ig u e z - G a r c iaw a s n o t c o n v ic te d o f as e c tio n 2 4 5 ( b ) v io la tio n . M osti m po rt ant , the di stri ctcourt , w hi ch had tw enty y ea rs of re vi ew i ng such rap s he e t s , c onc l ude d tha t“ the r ap s he e ti s de voi d of a ny di s pos i t i on” f

orthe s e c t i on 2 4 5 ( b ) c h a r g e . W e a r e b o u n d b y th is f a c tu a l f in d in g , b e c au s e it is n o t c le a r ly erro n eo u s. I n r e a c hi ng ac ontr a ry c onc l us i on, the m a j or i ty r e l i e s on ac ha i n of i nfer ence s vi ew ed w i th the cl ar i ty of hi nd si gh t . T he m aj ori ty poi nt s outthat h a lf w a y d o w n th e p a g e o f

c o d e d r ap s h e e t e n tr ie s th e r e is ar e f e r e n c e to ap a r o le v i o l at i o n . R o d ri g u ez-G arci a asso ci at es th i s referen ce w i th a p ri o r en try th atl i st s a s e c tio n 2 4 5 ( b ) c h a r g e . P u ttin g th e s e tw o e n tr ie s to g e th e r , th e m a jo r ity in f e r s th a t a p a r o le v io la tio n im p lie s ap r io rc o n v ic tio n . M a j. O p . a t 2 . B u t th e p r o b le m w ith thi s i nf e r e nc e i s tha tthe pa r ol e vi ol a t i on doe s notc l e a r l y r e f e rt o the s e c t i on 245( b) c ha r ge . I n f

a c t , the c onne c t i on be tw e e n the pa r ol e vi ol a t i on a nd the s e c t i on 245( b) char ge i s s o u ncl ea r thati tw as m i ss ed by the experi ence d d i stri ctcourtas w el l as by both pa r t i e s ’ l a w y e r s i n the pr oc e e di ngs be l ow . A tam i ni m um , the gove rnm e nt c a n n o t b e c h a r g e d w ith a c tu a l k n o w le d g e o f in f o rm a tio n th a t c a n b e in f e rr e d o n ly th r o u g h a g g r e s s iv e in te rp r e ta tio n a n d g u e s s w o rk . Se e , e . g. , U ni te d State s v . Sut ton ,3

794 F . 2d 1415, 1423 ( 9th C i r . 1986) ( hol di ng tha tthe gove rnm e nt ’ s a gr e e m e ntnot to f ile c h a r g e s a g a in s t th e d e f e n d a n t b a s e d o n “c o n d u c t k n o w n to th e g o v e rn m e n t” r e f e rr e d o n ly to c r im in a l a c tiv ity a c tu a lly k n o w n to th e g o v e rn m e n t, n o t a c tiv ity

“ thatre as on abl y c ou l d h ave been kno w n”). B e c au s e th e d i s tr i c tc o u r t ’ s ru l i n g wa s n o tc l e a r l y e rr o n e o u s a n d b e c au s e we m a y n o t h o ld th a t th e g o v e rn m e n t h a d a c tu a l k n o w le d g e o f ac o n v ic tio n m e r e ly b e c au s e it f

a ile d to m a k e ac h a in o f in f e r e n c e s , th e g o v e rn m e n t d id n o t b r e a c h its p le aa g r e e m e n t. I d is s e n t.