NATL INST. OF STAND & TECH NIST

PUBLICATIONS

REFERENCE

A111D7 056113

NBSIR 77-1382

Visiting Team Report on 1 977

Industrial Survey in Korea on

Precision Measurements and

Standards

KunMo Chung

H. Steffen Reiser

Raymond C. Sangster

Office of International Relations

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

Korea Industrial Survey carried out during calendar year 1977

Prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding

between the National Bureau of Standards and

the Industrial Advancement Administration,

Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Seoul, Korea

100

>ARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF STANDARDS

NBSIR 77-1382

VISITING TEAM REPORT ON 1977

INDUSTRIAL SURVEY IN KOREA ON

PRECISION MEASUREMENTS AND

STANDARDS

KunMo Chung

H. Steffen Reiser

Raymond C. Sangster

Office of International Relations

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D C. 20234

Korea Industrial Survey carried out during calendar year 1977

Prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding

between the National Bureau of Standards and

the Industrial Advancement Administration,

Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Seoul, Korea

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Acting Director
c

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i

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. K-SRI SURVEY PLAN 3

III. WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS 9

IV. VISITING TEAM RECOMMENDATIONS ......... 11

V. CONCLUDING REMARKS 15

APPENDIX A: VISITING TEAM ITINERARIES 17

APPENDIX B: IMPORTANCE AND USEFULNESS OF THE NATIONAL

MEASUREMENT SYSTEM STUDY (a lecture) - R. C. Sangster 19

APPENDIX C: A SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE SUGGESTED BY THE VISITING

TEAM 21

APPENDIX D: DRAFT OF A LETTER TO ACCOMPANY THE QUESTIONNAIRE ... 23

iii

I. INTRODUCTION

The creation of the Korea Standards Research Institute (K-SRI) in

December 1975 was based on the needs of Korean industrial development

as seen by the Government of the Republic of Korea. A feasibility

study executed by the General Electric Company Tempo Division provided

a basic plan for the national standards system of Korea. In late

1974, drafts of the Tempo Report were discussed with Dr. Zae-Quan Kim,

who is now President of K-SRI, and with members of the National Bureau

of Standards. Through a USAID (U.S. Agency for International

Development) Loan and a formal Memorandum of Understanding with the

Industrial Advancement Administration of Korea, NBS now actively

supports the institution building process of K-SRI,

It became clear by early in 1975 that K-SRI needed a more precise

understanding of the metrological needs of industry than was provided

in the Tempo Report. Dr. Kim, in discussion with Mr. Peiser, proposed

a sequence for the development of activities as follows:

1. industrial survey,

2. hiring of K-SRI staff,

3. major decisions on instrumental systems for K-SRI, and

4. architectural plans for laboratory buildings.

As time went on, the restraints of urgency enhanced by unexpected

delays and the initial lack of an even remotely adequate local

currency (Won) budget forced a sequence to be followed which was

roughly in reverse of the above orcfer.

It is obvious that the original purpose of the industrial survey for

planning K-SRI staff capabilities 'and laboratory facilities had

largely disappeared by mid-1976. When in K-SRI/NBS correspondence the

idea was revived in January 1977 with emphasis on the instrument

manufacturing industry in Korea, NBS was not favorably inclined on mounting such a survey with significant effort, and Dr, Kim himself

informed NBS that the initiative did not have his support, but that a revised plan would be furnished shortly, NBS confirmed that

continuing assessment of Korean industrial needs was an essential

requirement for K-SRI, and an industrial survey of some kind might be

fruitful at any time.

In April 1977, NBS was confronted with an urgent request to mount a team visit at high level to help to guide a very major K-SRI

industrial survey in Korea, There were no details except that a sequence of major events was foreshadowed. When NBS showed reluctance

to be involved in such a survey in view of the lack of adequate

information, K-SRI representatives insisted that NBS help was needed.

1
When in mid-May 1977 Dr. Kljn visited NBS, he brought the first

technical details of the survey plans. They were mostly embodied in a major questionnaire to be completed by about 3,700 Korean companies.

Together with other NBS/K-SRI programs, a review was organized on May

17 in the presence of Professor KunMo Chung of the Polytechnic

Institute of New York.

With Dr. Kim's explanations and enthusiasm, an understanding was

reached at the meeting for the survey to be mounted. Suggestions made

at that meeting in connection with questionnaires, survey scales, and

analytical approaches were well received by Dr. Kim and K-SRI members.

K-SRI, after all, did need the most thorough and complete

understanding of industrial metrological needs of Korea now and

throughout its existence. How else could such a modern facility

justify Itself and its budgetary support? NBS thus decided to make a three-man team available for a workshop in Seoul on May 23 - 24 to

discuss the technical aims and methodologies of the survey. They were

to make suggestions in consultation with a widely representative group

on the questionnaire, on the follow-up visits of K-SRI staff to

selected companies, and on the subsequent analysis of the data. This

report suiranarizes the technical and consultation activities by the

visiting team in Seoul.
II. K-SRI SURVEY PLAN

Detailed planning of the "Industrial Measurement Survey in Korea" was carried out by the K-SRI staff members in Seoul, Korea, Based on the official letters from the K-SRI management to the NBS Office

of International Relations in early 1977 and preliminary documents

prepared in Korea, the K-SRI proposed survey can be summarized as follows

(A) OBJECTIVE

The primary objectives of the survey were originally set as:

1. a comprehensive reassessment of the current status

of the national measurement system in Korea to forimilate the program for strengthening the infrastructure

of the nationwide calibration network;

2. delineation of the qualitative extent of services to be

offered through the specification of the diverse kinds

of services and the varied types of equipment susceptible to K-SRI services; and

3. collection of technical and economic data on client

firms to enable a correlation of this data with the

work load for calibration and the SRM/MAP* program at

K-SRI.

In addition, the following secondary objectives were given:

4. identification of problems in measurement practices

to formulate an effective technical assistance program for small and medium industries; and

5. collection of basic data for a nationwide laboratory

accreditation program to be undertaken in the near

future.

According to a communication subsequent to our visit, however, K-SRI

simplified the purpose of the survey and confined the initial

objective to finding the currently available levels of precision of

26 measurement categories (similar to those of the NBS Study of the

U.S. National Measurement System) in the Korean industry and

assessing the need of calibration service for Korean high-technology

f irms

*Standard Reference Material/Measurement Assurance Program

3
(B) SURVEY SCHEDULE

A number of activities were planned for the proposed survey.

According to the "Schedule for 1977 National Census on Precision

Measurements and Standards" (in Korean and dated March 1977), the

survey would be conducted as follows:

(1) Preparatory Phase (from February 1 to June 30)

o Preliminary work - information collection on the scope

of survey review of related statistical data.

o Preparation of survey questionnaire.

o Preparation of slides and brochures to inform the public

and industry of the importance of the survey.

o Preparation and posting of official announcements.

o Consultation with the Industrial Advancement Administration, the Economic Planning Board (EPB) , and the Ministry

of Commerce and Industry.

o Consultation with the U.S. National Bureau of Standards.

o Pilot survey with draft questionnaire and final adjustment of the survey documents.

o Survey workshops and seminars in major cities.

o Official approval from EPB for compiling statistics (to

meet the legal requirements).

(2) Main Phase (from June 1 to December 20)

o Announcement of survey teams and schedule.

o On-the-job training of survey team members.

o Distribution of questionnaires and field surveys,

o Review of returned questionnaires.

o Preparation of Electronic Data Processing System for the

survey.

o Compilation of the statistics and data.

4
o Review of workshops and seminar performances,

o Preparation of reports.

o Official approval of the survey report by EPB.

o Publication of the survey report.

(It should be noted that the above schedule was out of date, since the

survey objective was significantly simplified. The final schedule was

not set as of May 31, 1977.)

(C) SURVEY SCOPE

According to the K-SRI plan, the survey would be conducted in 26

measurement categories and would cover 295 measuring equipments and

standards. The selected categories were:

length and angle,

mass, volume, and density,

force,

vibration and shock,

pressure and vacutun,

fluid flow,

thermodynamic properties of fluids,

electricity,

electromagnetics,

time and frequency,

acoustics,

ultrasonics,

temperature,

cryogenics

,

humidity.

Ionizing radiation,

physical properties of atoms and molecules,

far viltravlolet radlometry,

spectrophotometry

,

radlometry and photometry,

optics,

laser,

surface finish,

surface property,

materials testing, and

chemical analysis

Based on preliminary examination, more than 3,700 Institutions were

selected as targets for the survey. The K-SRI plan lists them as follows

5
Public Institutions

national standards institution 1

academic institutuions 200

testing and inspection agencies 20

defense agencies 50

central administrative agencies 20

local administrative units 10

standardization agencies 1

observatories 2

broadcasting stations 5

health and medical institutions 50

economic and industrial organizations 14

Private Firms

agricultural, fishing, and mining 10

civil and construction 10

transportation 50

food, textile, clothing, paper, and printing 350

non-metal materials 115

chemical, plastics, rubber, and petrochemical 320

iron, steel, and foundry 150

metal and machine 1027

electronics and communication 823

transportation equipment 144

metrological equipment 240

other services 100

Among these survey targets, more than 800 institutions were selected

for on-site visits.

(D) QUESTIONNAIRE

K-SRI prepared an extensive questionnaire for the survey. According

to the questionnaire, a number of organizations were to be involved in

the survey as follows:

Supervising Organization

Industrial Advancement Administration

Cooperating Organizations

Economic Planning Board

Ministry of National Defense

Ministry of Science and Technology

6
Consulting Organizations

U.S. National Bureau of Standards

USAID - Korea

Executing Organization

Korea Standards Research Institute

Supporting Organizations

Korea Standards Association

Korea Institute of Science and Technology

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

Korea Advanced Institute of Science

National Industrial Research Institute (NIRI)

Fine Instrument Center (FIC)

Korea Electrical Apparatus Testing and Inspection

Foundation

Korean Gage Meters Association

Korea Society for Advancement of Machine Industry

Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Korea Trade Association

Korea Gage Meter Industry Cooperation

Federation of Korean Industries

Korea Federation of Small Businesses

The questionnaire consisted of eight parts:

Organizational overview

Manpower and technical capability in precision

measurement

Training programs in measurement

International cooperation and technology

R&D activities in measurement

Production of measuring equipment

Salary scale for manpower in measurement

Use rates and levels of precision measuring

equipment

In total, the questionnaire was 32 pages lonp: and contained over

6,000 blanks to be answered.

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

Part 5 Part 6

Part 7 Part 8

(E) SURVEY REPORT

No specific information was available for the final survey report.

However, during one consultation session, it was pointed out that

K-SRI would produce a report of various statistics and numbers

7
generated by compiling data from the questionnaires. There are many

similar statistical books prepared by government agencies in Korea.

K-SRI was considering publication of such extensive statistical books

on the Korean standards system as of 1977. Apparently many Korean

Government officials consider highly such statistical compilation and

encouraged K-SRI to undertake an industrial survey to produce a comprehensive statistical book on measurement equipment and

measurement activities.

8
III. WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

The preparatory workshop for the "1977 Industrial Precision

Measurement Standards Survey" was held as a scheduled event of the

survey. It was planned by the K-SRI survey officials in order to

promote the understanding of the proposed survey among supporting

organizations and survey target institutions. In addition, K-SRI

officials intended to use the workshop for launching the main suirvey

activities.

The workshop was held in the K-SRI conference room at 2:00 p.m. on Monday, May 23, 1977. In Dr, Zae-Quan Kim's absence abroad. Dr. Wun

Jung, Vice President for Metrology, presided. More than 100 people

from participating organizations and industrial firms attended the

workshop. The workshop program was as follows:

1, Opening Remarks - Dr. Wun Jung

2. Status Report on the Survey - Mr. S, S, Kim

3. NBS Movie on "Standards for Excellence" - commentary by

Mr. H. S. Peiser

4. Lecture on "Importance and Usefulness of the National

Measurement System Study" - Dr. R, C. Sangster

5, Comments on "Measurement Activities and Industrialization" - Dr. K,M, Chung

6, Closing Remarks - Dr. J. W. Choi

In the opening remarks, Dr. Wun Jung welcomed the participants and the

NBS visiting team. Dr. Jung expressed his appreciation of the support

given to K-SRI by NBS and other participating organizations.

Mr. S. S. Kim, the principal K-SRI staff member in charge of the

survey, briefly described the background of the survey and the main

features of the survey activities. He also explained the survey scope

and schedule.

The IJBS movie on "Standards for Excellence" ran for approximately 30

minutes. It showed the importance of standardization in daily life

and modern societies. The example of fire fighting impressively

demonstrated the need for standardization. After the movie,

Mr. Peiser expressed the team's appreciation of the local hospitality

and congratulated the K-SRI leadership in making rapid progress in

institution building and recruitment of competent staff members. He

also commented on the importance of the survey for future K-SRI

contributions toward Korean industrial development.

Dr. Sangster then gave the lecture on "Importance and Usefulness of

the National Measurement System Study," which he had headed in the

9
U.S.A. In his lecture. Dr. Sangster explained the systems approach in

examining the national measurement system. He reminded his audience

that the measurement system is dynamic in nature. Based on his own experience in conducting the NBS study of the National Measurement

System, he gave several tips for carrying out the survey. One example

was that procurement people can be a very important information source

on the precision levels of materials required in the Industry. (The

full text of Dr. Sangster 's lecture is given in Apprendix B.)

Following Dr. Sangster 's lecture. Professor Chung gave a short speech

on "Standardization and Industrialization." He pointed out that

technological progress in developing countries follows "reverse"

development flow. Normally technological progress starts from R&D

activities to marketing. However, in developing countries, the market

develops ahead of the scientific and technological capabilities. In

Korea, which is going to be an export-oriented industrialized nation,

the industry is moving into high technology fields. Levels of needed

high precision are increasing and quality control requirements are getting tougher. This is why K-SRI was established to assist the

Korean industry in upgrading measurement capabilities and accelerating

standardization.

The closing remarks for the workshop were delivered by Dr. J. W. Choi,

Administrator of the Industrial Advancement Administration. Dr. Choi

mentioned that industrialization can be judged from two aspects:

material-wise or manpower-wise. Until now Korea has tried to increase

output and has only been concerned with material-wise

industrialization. However, the time has come to pay attention to

people's capability in industrialization. For example, 94 percent of

Japanese firms employ quality control programs, whereas in Korea, only

4 percent of the industrial firms have them. Thus, the Korean

industry has neglected an important element of industrialization. The

Korean Government established K-SRI with the hope of upgrading the

capability of measurement, by which quality can be introduced into the

industrialization. The success of K-SRI depends on the cooperation it

may receive from the industry. Dr. Choi urged the Korean industry to

give full support for the survey, which is the first K-SRI project.

10
IV. VISITING TEAM RECOMMENDATIONS

After reviewing the K-SRI planning documents and completing

participation in the workshop, the visiting team made a series of

recommendations in connection with the survey. These recommendations

were explained to the K-SRI management and survey officials in

consultation meetings. Also the visiting team made an offical visit

to Dr. J. W. Choi, Administrator of the Industrial Advancement

Administration, and explained the team's views of the survey.

Conclusion 1 : The team concluded that an industrial survey is indeed

very much needed. The GE Tempo Report is not sufficient, and a fullscale survey will benefit not only K-SRI but also other agencies

involved in Korean industrialization.

Recommendation 1 ; K-SRI should continue survey activities at all

times in order to ascertain the current status of the measurement

activities and formulate relevant programs at K-SRI.

Conclusion 2 ; Whereas the original objective of the survey was well

expressed, the team considered that it was too broad and could not be

realized in a six-month project. However, the simplified objectives

could be within the reach of the present K-SRI capability, provided

that substantial external assistance and close cooperation from

related Korean agencies and industry could be mobilized in time.

Recommendation 2 ; K-SRI should start the initial survey in finding

the critical measurement problems in strategic industrial sectors

which are designated by the Korean Government as the nucleus of the

Korean industry.

Conclusion 3 : The survey should benefit K-SRI in the first place.

The result of the survey should be able to provide inputs to K-SRI for

planning of its specific research programs.

Recommendation 3 : The survey activities should be used to educate

K-SRI staff members about industrial activities and to provide opportunities for establishing cordial working relations between K-SRI and

Korean industry.

Conclusion 4 ; K-SRI staff is numerically too small to conduct an effective statistical analysis of thousands of questions asked of

thousands of firms.

Recommendation 4 ; A lower priority should be given to the compilation

of statistical data. If the Korean situation dictates and K-SRI

resources can afford the effort, the census type of survey may be

11
carried out as a part of the entire exercise. However, statistical

compilation and listing of equipment would be unlikely to render

important conclusions on the present measurement activities or insights on the measurement problems in Korean industry.

Conclusion 5 : The questionnaire is overly ambitious and is not likely

to succeed in meeting the purposes of the survey. Even if the

questionnaires were well returned, K-SRI would become submerged in a

sea of data. There are, moreover, questions in the draft

questionnaire which may offend the respondents and create suspicions

among industrialists.

Recommendation 5 : The draft questionnaire prepared by K-SRI should be

simplified. The visiting team prepared a draft questionnaire which

might be used as the basis for development of a modified questionnaire

for the survey. This draft sample questionnaire is given in Appendix C, (This recommendation was adopted by the K-SRI survey

officials, who prepared a survey questionnaire based on the sample

questionnaire given here.)

Conclusion 6 : The success of the survey depended on careful attention

being given to the problem of filling out questionnaires, of

tabulating the results, and of using the results. Considering that

two methods of approaching respondents, by mail and by on-site visits,

will be used for the survey, the questionnaire (s) must be prepared for

functional use in both cases.

Recommendation 6 ; To assist comprehension of the purpose of the

survey by respondents reached by mail, an additional explanatory

letter should accompany the questionnaire. The team drafted such a letter as given in Appendix D.

Conclusion 7 : Industrial firms may be inclined to give only a minimum

of thought and attention to the questionnaire, and that may not be

adequate for the full aims of the survey.

Recommendation 7 : In conducting the survey, K-SRI officials should be

patient and persuasive. They should not expect that the respondents

would fill out the questionnaire immediately. After mailing the

questionnaire, K-SRI could follow up with polite letters requesting

the responses, and, later on, contact them by telephone calls. After

receiving the filled-out questionnaires, K-SRI should send thank-you

notes for cooperation. K-SRI officials must remember that K-SRI

exists to serve rather than to regulate the industry.

Conclusion 8 ; Some detailed work is needed to anticipate likely

reactions of respondents and problems in analysis by K-SRI.

12
Recommendation 8 : Before distributing the questionnaire, it should be

tested internally. Then, the questionnaire should be reviewed with

other interested parties such as FIC and NIRI people. Afterwards, the

questionnaire must be tested by on-site visits to "test companies"

which are located conveniently and are potentially interested in the

survey. Based on their responses and comments, the final

questionnaire should be developed.

Conclusion 9 : The purpose of on-site visits is threefold; one is to

get answers to the questionnaire, another is to develop fruitful

continuing relationships between K-SRI and the industry, and the third

is to educate K-SRI staff members about industry.

Recommendation 9 : Every visiting team should always include both a permanent K-SRI staff member and a person experienced in the

industrial sector. On-site visits should be carried out at selected

industrial firms and organizations which are identified as important

for the survey. The number of on-site visits should not be too large.

Four or five firms in one industrial sector will be sufficient in

providing the pertinent information for that sector.

Some companies should be industrial leaders ; some should be chosen at

random from small and medium-sized organizations. All parts of the

country should be visited

Conclusion 10 ; The success of on-site visits will be based on careful

approaches and correct attitudes during interviews.

Recommendation 10 : Some useful tips for the interviews are as follows

o Always clear the visit through the top official in the

company or plant.

o Interview the heads of the following departments or activities:

procurement or inspection of incoming materials,

quality control,

instrument or equipment maintenance,

production engineering or management,

new products engineering,

R&D,

sales, and

customer complaints or reject products.

o Meet the working people who are making measurements and

observe their measuring activities.

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o Try to relax the respondents - some will start being fearful or annoyed,

o Use the questionnaire form in recording the answers,

o Probe to uncover the problems that have not yet been recognized as measurement-related.

Conclusion 11 ; Having read the NBS reports on the measurement

categories in the U,S. National Measurement System Study, K-SRI staff

members will be in stronger positions to identify measurement problems

and may be able to provide some immediate technical assistance to

respondents. This would amplify the usefulness of the survey.

Recommendation 11 ; K-SRI could draft the outline of the final

report (s) early in the survey, A good starting reference point would

be the NBS reports on the study of the U,S, national measurement

systan.

Final reports can consist of two parts; one would cover qualitative

measurement problems in key industrial sectors such as the

metallurgical industry, machine industry, electronics industry,

transportation industry, chemical industry, and metrology industry;

and the other would contain the overall compilation of survey results.

If necessary, K-SRI might also produce technical reports of some

selected measurement categories.

Conclusion 12 ; Some K-SRI staff members requested and probably needed

help in their presentations to members of industry and the technical

public.

Recommendation 12 ; The preparation of several well-written speeches

and case stories would help. These can be used to demonstrate the

importance of high-precision measurements and standardization.

Using some collected "reject" products, K-SRI could also prepare some "show and tell" demonstrations. These speeches, case stories, and

demonstrations should be used throughout the survey. They might be

effective for promoting K-SRI causes.

14
V. CONCLUDING REMARKS

The visiting team went to Korea with certain reservations and worries

about the survey. Although the quarterly review meeting held at

Washington in May 1977 cleared many doubts, the team was not sure whether K-SRI survey officials would accept its recommendations

wholeheartedly. Also, there were many organizations involved in the

survey, and the team was not sure how they would react to the

recommendations. Because Dr. Z. Q, Kim, the K-SRI President, was on a recruiting tour in the U.S., he was unable to attend the workshop and

instruct the K-SRI staff members of the changes made during the

Washington meeting. In fact, the visiting team conveyed without

difficulty his modified views about the survey to the K-SRI staff

members.

After completing the workshop and consulting sessions, the visiting

team was very enthusiastic about the positive response it had

received. The workshop was well attended by representatives from

related (and possibly competing) organizations and industry. lAA was

in full support of the survey, and, to the satisfaction of the

visiting team. Dr. Choi was very much in agreement with the recommendations. Clearly, K-SRI staff members are competent and highly

trained, hard-working specialists. The visiting team saw a great

potential in K-SRI and the survey.

Most of the recommendations made by the visiting team were adopted by

the K-SRI survey officials. A new questionnaire was drafted, and the

survey scope was rearranged. Intensive work related to the report

preparation was initiated. The K-SRI technical staff members

responded to the suggestions with enthusiasm and eagerness. The team

had a clear impression that their visit was useful in removing doubts

and confusion in connection with the survey planning and implementation.

In spite of the newly-won optimism about the survey, the visiting team

would like to note that there still exist many dangerous traps for the

survey, K-SRI survey officials must digest well the primary objective

of the survey and should remember that some of the recommendations are

easy to say but very difficult to implement. For example,

establishing a good relationship with industry may not be easy.

Patience, humility, understanding, integrity, and hard work must

characterize all K-SRI workers.

It must be stressed that "crisis management" has a limit for success

and must be avoided. As a young institution, K-SRI will have its fair

share of "crisis management," but the team hopes that there will not

15
be any need for "crisis management" in completing the present subject

survey.

Finally, the visiting team wishes to express its sincere appreciation

of the cooperation and hospitality shown to them by the K-SRI

management and staff members during their visit to Seoul. The team is

also greatly indebted to Dr. J. W. Choi of the Industrial Advancement

Administration and USAID officials for their advice and assistance.

16
APPENDIX A

VISITING TEA^I ITINERARIES

Saturday, May 21

Sunday, May 22

Monday, May 23

Tuesday, May 24

Wednesday, May 25

(National Holiday)

Thursday, May 26

Friday, May 27

Arrival of Mr. H. Steffen Peiser

Visit to DaeDuk K-SRI Construction Site by

Mr, H. Steffen Peiser

Arrival of Dr. Raymond C, Sangster

Reception by Dr. Jong Wan Choi, Administrator

of the Industrial Advancement Administration

Arrival of Dr. KunMo Chung

Offical Team Visit to K-SRI Headquarters

Workshop at K-SRI Conference Room

Reception by Dr. Wun Jung, K-SRI Vice President

Official Team Visit to lAA

Official Team Visit to USAID

Consultation Meeting with K-SRI Survey Officials

Team Review Meeting at Hotel

Consultation Meeting with K-SRI Staff Members

Departure of Dr. Raymond C. Sangster

Administrative Consultation Meeting with

K-SRI Management

Departure of Mr. H, Steffen Peiser

Review of Survey Questionnaire

Consultation Meeting with K-SRI Survey Officials

on Field Visits

Consultation Meeting with K-SRI Survey Officials

on Final Reports

17
Saturday, ^^ay 28 Final Review of the Survey Plan

Tuesday, June 12 Review of the Team Visit with Dr. Zae-Quan Kim

(President) and Dr. Wun Jung (VP)

Wednesday, June 13 Departure of Dr. KunMo Chung

18
APPENDIX B

IMPORTANCE AND USEFULNESS OF THE

. NATIONAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM STUDY

(a lecture)

R. C. Sangster

Secondary industry in Korea has grown rapidly since 1960. It is now

time to establish an advanced industrial structure and higher product

quality control. This industrial changeover urgently requires

strengthening the Korean national system for making physical

measurements. As you are well aware, the Korea Standards Research

Institute was created to meet this need.

A complete understanding of the present status and the changing trend

of industrial measurement is now vitally important. I understand that

this work began in 1973, when the National Industrial Standards

Research Institute initiated the "industrial measurement survey for

establishment of a measurement standards system." Any national

measurement system is dynamic and changes rapidly. Shifts come from

growth of the industrial economy and technical innovation.

Since 1966, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in the United

States has developed a systems approach to understanding our national

measurement system. This approach provides information for long-range

policy decisions. It supports adjustment of the NBS program to meet

changing national needs for measurements. In our comprehensive study

of the national measurement system during the years 197 2-75, we placed

major emphasis on clarification of the economic impact of measurementrelated activities. The final report of this study consists of 27

individual reports. Topics range from "Final Summary Report" through

"Transactions in the National Measurement System" to discussions of 22

technical measurement sectors.

The economic analyses showed that measurement-related activities

account for about six percent of the U,S, gross national product.

Today, this is about $100 billion. Labor costs about 85 percent of

this total. The rest is the cost of equipment and facilities. There

are over 300 standards and calibration laboratories in the United

States, They are found in industry, government, universities, and

independent research organizations. Many are members of the National

Conference of Standards Laboratories. This organization has quite a number of non-U. S. members also, including several in this part of the

world. The parent companies of U,S, members produce about $200

billion, or 15 percent of the gross national product, on a value-added

19
basis. Of this amount, at least $20 billion is directly related to

the measurement activities of these laboratories. These laboratory

activities cost around $230 million.

In each technical measurement sector, the study revealed urgent

problem areas. NBS has adjusted its programs to direct its efforts in

these areas. Parenthetically, m^ biggest problem has been to get the

authors of these detailed studies to complete writing their reports.

Many tell me they are so busy working on these new problems that they

can't find time to write. In other words, the studies were so successful that I am having a hard time in succeeding in getting the

reports issued.

A very important part of the total measurement system is the

instrumentation industry. As science and industry grow and industrial

technology advances, measurement instrumentation technology must also

advance. Both strengthening the institutions in the measurement

system and development of the instrument industry are needed to

support industrial development. In the case of Japan, the total sales

of precision measurement instruments in 1975 were about $1.6 billion.

Of this, $330 million was exported and $260 million imported. In the

United States, total measurement instrumentation production is around

$2 billion, of which about half is exported. It seems evident that

the development of the instrument industry in Japan has played a key

role in Japanese industrial advancement since 1950.

A complete analysis of Korean industrial measurements will be very

useful. It will show both current status and the changing trends. It

will help define the immediate responsibilities of the national

standards organization. It will help that organization to meet

changing national needs and to formulate policies to promote the

development of instrument industries.

20
APPENDIX C

A SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE SUGGESTED BY Ttlt VISITING TEAh

COMPANY NAME: Address

Principal Products; Approximate No. of Employees: Approximate No. of Measureokent Technicians or He t ro 1 ogis ts : NAME OF RESPONDENT: Title or Function: AJdress & Telephone No; ^

Please identify the measurement quan titles that you use for your production ope rati ons or to evaluate products you either buy or sell. Continue answers on the back or other paper when space Is not adequate.

QUANTITY 1 ^' 1 object, process, or 1 range of 1 speed of precision or instruments & 1 country of source of current

1 used situation measured measure 1 measure 1 accuracy 1 standards used origin calibration

Tine Frequency

Length and Angle Surface Area, Porea, Finish Volume

Liquid Level Nut or Weight

Denalty

Force & Torque Balancing

Shock Mechanical rropertles

Solids Hechanlcal Properties

Liquids Acceleration

Velocity ( Speed

Fluid Flow Pressure t Vacuun

Teaperature Vibration

Acoustics & Nolae Electrlcly 4 Magnet iBD

RF & Microwave

Radlometry i Photomet ry Spectrophotoaetry

& Color Other Optical

Itmlzlng Radiation

Humidity t Molature Oxygen & Other Cases

Aqueous lotts Other Chealcala Other (please sped f y)

21

APPENDIX D

DRAFT OF A LETTER TO ACCOMPANY THE QUESTIONNAIRE

(to be edited, adjusted to fit Korean style, and translated)

The Korea Standards Research Institute seeks your thoughtful help so that it can better serve your organization. K-SRI, described in the

enclosed booklet, exists to advise Korean factories, institutions, and

governmental agencies on how to ensure sound technical measurements

wherever they are needed in our nation. Measurement is always a basic

step in all of science and all of technology.

When our Government analyzed the experience of other industrialized

nations and took account of our own circumstances, it resolved that

industry, the defense and economic health of our nation, needs a strong measurement (metrology) research institute. Therefore,

President Park ordered the immediate creation of K-SRI.

There has been planning assistance from the U.S. Agency for

International Development and the General Electric Company of the

U.S.A. The U.S. National Bureau of standards is putting 75 years of

experience at our disposal. We are building fine laboratories, buying

unique equipment, and hiring technical staff at the highest level of

knowledge. We want all of them to serve you in the measurement field.

It is impossible for every company to employ specialists in every

field, so in the U.S.A. and in Japan, also, even the largest companies

rely on technical support from a national focal point in metrology.

Korea now has K-SRI, too!

We have a general idea of what metrological problems are faced by our nation, but our knowledge will become more exact and our service to

you of more benefit by asking you to complete the attached

questionnaire. If you wish to receive help in filling it in, call us

by telephone and we will send a specialist to help you in the task.

If you do not like this procedure, please do not ignore this request.

We would appreciate a letter written in your words. Tell us, within

the confidentiality assured by law, the following:

I. a. what size organization you have;

b. what the size and expertise of your technical

personnel are;

c. what essential measurements you now make;

23
d. what measuring instruments you use for these purposes (consider repair, maintenance, and calibration problems)

e. what better measurements you wish you could make

(for example, to resolve disagreements between production and inspection stations); and

f. what measurement devices you plan to build or market.

Maybe these questions sound as if they do not concern you or as if

they relate to areas in which you need no help; however if ;

II. a. your product quality tends to vary more than you

had hoped (or there is rapid build-up of scrap before a fault in production can be rectified);

b. raw materials or other supplies vary too much or are

short in measure;

c. production controls are difficult to maintain;

d. your product quality cannot be justly defended

against consumer complaints;

e. interchangeability of parts is troublesome; or

f. measurement or inspection costs are too high, perhaps through use of older methods or seeking more

accuracy than needed;

then chances are you have a problem in metrology.

Of course, many of the problems can be cured by reference to other

existing organizations or to available literature. K-SRI is only

involved with its research and its facilities if the metrological

problem cannot be solved except with methods at or close to the

current state of the art, such as for:

III. a. closest needed tolerances;

b. the most precise or accurate measurements, physical

or chemical;

c. critical non-destructive evaluation;

d. mutual interference of devices such as between advanced electronic systems; and

24
e, resolution of discrepancies or disagreements between conflicting authorities in measurement fields.

Think about these things, answer the questions at the direction of the

most senior officials in your Company, but let responsible persons in

the procurement, maintenance, quality control, production, and

marketing sections of your organization add to the input. Above all,

plan to be and keep in touch with K-SRI, Working with K-SRI will

uplift your profits and industrial development in our nation.

Metrology is one key leading this nation into higher technology.

25
NBS-114A (REV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1, PUBLIC ATION OR REPORT NO.

NBSIR 77-1382

2. Gov't Accession

No.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4, TITI.K AND SUBTITLE

VISITING TEAM REPORT ON 1977 INDUSTRIAL SURVEY IN KOREA

ON rRhLlblUN fUlAoUKcirlhNio AND o lAriUAKUb

5. Publication Date November 197 7

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

KunMo Chung, H. Steffen Pclser, Raymond C. Sangster

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract /Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Industrial Advancement Administration

(under Agency for International Development Loan #489-W093)

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Work carried out under the Memorandum of Understanding

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most si^ificant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

The Korean Standards Research Institute is a recently founded organization that is to

serve functions in Korea generally equivalent to those of the Institute for Basic

Standards of NBS in the U.S.A. To plan K-SRI's metrological services to industry

and other Korean laboratories, a survey of industrial needs is being conducted with

advice from NBS. This report describes some basic facts about K-SRI, the survey

plan, as well as principally, conclusions and recommendations given by the authors

during their brief consultation visit to Korea, May 22-28, 1977.

A main questionnaire was drafted, with an accompanying letter for subsequent translation and adaptation to Korean public/private sector Interaction. The survey should

provide visibility for K-SRI, awareness of industrial needs to its staff, and means

to develop a sound plan for its priority programs.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons

)

Development assistance; Industrialization; Industry survey; Korea south; Metrology;

Questionnaire; Standards institute; Survey

18. AVAILABILITY pyl Unlimited

\2 ] For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

] Order From Sup. of Doc, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C, 20402, SD Cat. No. CA ^ Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

Springfield, Virginia 22151

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCL ASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

21. NO. OF PAGES

27

22. Price

$4.50

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