UNITED STATES PATENTS ON

POWDER METALLURGY

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

W. AVERELL HARRIMAN, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

E. U. CONDON, Director

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION M184

UNITED STATES PATENTS ON

POWDER METALLURGY

By

RAYMOND E. JAGER and ROLLA E. POLLARD

Issued July 1 , 1947

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1947

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents
PREFACE

Patents are disclosures of inventions, in return for which the

inventor is given the right to exclude all others from making, using, or selling his invention for the term of 17 years. After this period

the invention becomes public property. Patent literature is a valuable

source of technical information, for, by these disclosures, the development of an art may be traced through a long period of time.

This publication, based on a collection search of United States patents of the present series, which began in 1836, represents more

than a century of progress in the art of powder metallurgy. Patents

issued up to January 1, 1947, are included.

The collection search was made for the National Bureau of Standards by Invention, Inc., under the direction of Raymond E.

Jager, president: R. E Pollard, metallurgist, of the Bureau's staff, edited the abstracts, eliminating those not pertinent to powder

metallurgy, and revised the classification.

E. U. Condon, Director. n
CONTENTS

Page. Preface II

I. Introduction 1

II. Production of metal powders 1 2

1. Atomization, vaporization, spraying molten metal,

or physically contacting it with other fluids, to obtain fine particles 2

2. Chemical precipitation 6

3. Electrical processes, electrolysis, electroplating, etc_ 11

4. Mechanical comminuting of metal to powder by

cutting, rolling, crushing, or other mechanical

operations 15

5. Reduction of powdered or granulated ores, metal

oxides, carbonyls, or other metal compounds by

heat, gases, etc 19

III. Handling and working metal powders 25

1. Coating individual grains of powder, with metallic or nonmetallic coatings 25

2. Classifying, separating and purifying metal powders. 26

3. Molding, compressing or briquetting, bonding, and

sintering or heat-treating for these purposes 29

IV. Alloying of metal powders 35

1. Alloy powders 35

2. Alloys made by compressing and heating, sintering or reducing mixed powdered constituents 36

3. Alloys employing metal powder as the binding material for metallic carbides, nitrides, or the like, in the

production of very hard articles, such as cutting

tools, etc 39

V. Applications of metal powders 50

1. Abrasive tools, other abrasive articles and materials, polishing compositions, employing metal

powders 50

2. Bearings and bearing materials 55

3. Chemical processes employing metal powders or employing catalysts which comprise metal powders 62

4. Coating and molding methods and compositions,

including paper metallizing, electrical coatings,

etc 68

5. Composite articles in which metallic powders are used for facings on a metal backing or as fillers- _ 84

6. Dental amalgams, etc 85

Where the production of metal powders is for a specific application, see also subheads under section V.

Ill

v
CONTENTS

V. Applications of metal powders—Continued Page

7. Electrical contacts, brushes, electrodes, batteryparts, resistors, rectifiers, condensers, etc. made

with metal powders 87

8. Expanded materials and pressure processes in

which metal powder releases the gas 97

9. Explosives and explosive compositions, photographic flash powders, projectiles, bullets, rivets, etc 98

10. Filtering materials and other porous articles 100

11. Friction materials such as brake linings, clutch

facings, etc 101

12. Heat-conducting or reflecting material such as for heating elements and insulation, respectively 102

13. Incandescent filaments, wires, cathodes, for tubes,

flash bulbs, and the like 2 103

14. Insecticides 112

15. Lubricants and oils 112

16. Magnetic materials and articles 113

17. Miscellaneous articles, e. g., jewelry, chemical

dishes, pen points, spectacle frames, small bars

and tubes, cigarette mouthpieces and like items. 126

18. Molds and dies 128

19. Packing materials using metal powders 129

20. Pigments, paint, etc.3 130

21. Printing type and printing plates or the like formed

with metal powder 136

22. Refractory materials using metal powders or

articles employing refractory metal powders 136

23. Solder and sealing media 4 137

24. Welding rods and compositions 138

See also, "Explosives," section V, 9, for loose photographic flash powders.

See also, "Coating and molding," section V, 4, for specific processes. See also, "Packing materials," section V, 19, and "Welding rods and composition," section V, 24.
UNITED STATES PATENTS ON POWDER METALLURGY

By Raymond E. Jager and Rolla E. Pollard

ABSTRACT

A total of 2,253 United States Patents pertaining to powder metallurgy are

classified under four main headings: production, handling and working, alloying,

and applications. Under these main headings, the patents are listed by number

in chronological order, together with the name of the inventor and a short abstract

of the patent. Patents issued up to January 1, 1947, are included.

I. INTRODUCTION

Patent literature is a valuable source of technical information that

undoubtedly would be more widely used if compiled listings of all patents relating to a particular subject were available. Unfortunately,

a collection search of patents is a laborious and time-consuming job

that requires expert knowledge of the intricacies of the United States

Patent Office classification system. It is the purpose of this report to provide a comprehensive list of patents relating to powder metallurgy,

classified in related groups and with a short abstract of each invention,

to simplify the study of patent literature on this subject.

The collection search on which this report is based was exhaustive,

and the report, therefore, covers the field of powder metallurgy, comprehensively. More than 50 subclasses in the United States Patent

Office were searched thoroughly and nearly one hundred fifty other

subclasses were examined. All patents issued since September 1942,

regardless of classification, have been examined and those relating to powder metallurgy have been included in the report, up to January

1,1947.

The term "powder metallurgy' ' usually is applied to the art of making objects by pressing and heating metal powders which may or may

not contain nonmetallic additions. This excludes some of the most

important industrial uses of metal powders such as paint pigments,

metallic coatings, catalysts, etc. However, the methods of production, handling and classification of metal powders are very much the same whether the powder is used as such or is pressed and sintered.

For this reason, some of the applications named above are included in

the report. Many metallurgical processes in which metal powders

are produced as a step in refining or processing ores are omitted. The

machines used in powder metallurgy, such as grinding mills, presses, briquetting machines, furnaces, etc. generally are omitted because in

most cases they were obtained from other arts with little structural

change. However, some machines developed for particular applications of powder metallurgy, such as bearings or magnetic dust cores, are included. Most of the devices used in testing metal powders such

1
2 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

as sieves, flow meters, turbidimeters, air separators, etc. also were borrowed from other arts and generally are omitted unless developed

particularly for metal powders.

Classification of 2,253 patents would be difficult even in a less heterogeneous field than powder metallurgy. However, an attempt

has been made to organize the report so that the patents on a given

phase of the art can be ascertained by use of the table of contents.

It will be noted that the patents are classified under four main headings: Production, handling and working, alloying, and applications.

Subheadings under each of these are in alphabetical order according

to the first, or key, word. Under each of the subheadings the patents

are arranged in numerical order according to the patent numbers,

which means that they are also in chronological order. Many of the

patents might be classified in any one of several classes. However,

as each patent is listed in only one place, the classification has been

arranged whenever possible according to the final product. In other

words, those of a general nature are placed under the first three headings while those pertaining to a particular article are placed under

Applications. An exception to this will be noted in Section IV, 3, wherein, under a general heading describing very hard metal compositions, are listed such particular products as cutting tools so that most

of these closely related applications may be found in one group.

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS

1. Atomization, Vaporization, Spraying Molten Metal, or Physically Contacting It With Other Fluids, To Obtain Fine

Particles

Patentee U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Feix 15, 733 Melted metal granulated by rotary motion

in cold water. Perry _ 99, 588 Molten iron granulated by stream of cold water. Wood 143, 485 Molten slag or cast iron granulated by continual motion of water. Small 282, 579 Comminuted solder made by running molten

solder in blast of air. Randolph 305, 758 Stream of cold water projected against stream of molten alloy or solder. Bosworth 373, 766 Jet of steam forced on molten lead decreases

oxidation, present with blast of air. Tilghman 446, 986 Chilled iron globules made by atomization

using high-pressure steam or gas; alkali used to prevent rust. Tilghman__ 446, 987 Same as 446,986, except drying is accomplished in nonoxidizing atmosphere.

Madden 702, 736 Melted fusible material sprayed from rotat- ing vessel. Pohl 706, 475 Material melted, sprayed into a retort, evaporated and condensed. Bertou 719, 725 Liquefied metal mixed with an elastic fluid, such as superheated steam at high pressure; pulverization obtained upon sudden

expansion.
Powder Metallurgy 3

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Atomization, Vaporization, Spraying Molten Metal, or Physically Contacting It With Other Fluids, To Obtain Fine

Par tides—Contin ued

Patentee

Rowley

Fuchs

Maxim

Martyn

Neil

Neil

Ellis Holley

Freeman

Huldt

Hall Tebbetts Odam

Baer

Nicol

Lewicki

Nicol Hall Andrasek, et al

Hall Gaughan

Williams

Hall Podszus

Martin

U. S. Patent No.

720, 382

721, 293

796, 338

952, 828

1, 036, 689

1, 049, 314

1, 141, 177

1, 156, 079

1, 245, 328

1, 298, 722

1, 306, 060

1, 327, 743

1, 328, 446

1, 347, 927

1, 351, 865

1, 355, 984

1, 356, 780

1, 501, 449

1, 523, 624

1, 545, 253

1, 546, 926

1, 635, 653

1, 659, 291

1, 671, 683

1, 780, 201

Subject

Steam applied to molten metal. Reducing molten metal to fine particles by

stream of water under high pressure. Molten metal poured in stream of gas or vapor under pressure. Molten metal forced on series of blades. Blast of air, gas, or steam, under pressure

forced on molten metal; solidifies before any appreciable oxidation. Molten metal in flattened condition atomized by jet of heated fluid. Molten lead exploded by jet of steam. Molten lead and jet of superheated steam

forced into expansion chamber.

Molten metal forced into hollow, inclosing

jet or stream of gas, traveling at sufficient velocity to break up particles. Zinc and other metals volatilized in electric furnace. Molten metal continuously passed through

gas and then liquid.

Aluminum pulverized by agitating it while

in molten state. Materials atomized by combustion of gases formed by heating materials. Molten bronze cooled by water before hammering process. Jet of hydrogen directed on molten magnesium.

Molten metal and compressed air forced

against cold metal wall. Molten magnesium discharged in jet of gas

of sufficient velocity to tear into particles.

Molten metal directed against jet of steam

in rotary motion.

Soft metal is melted, poured into a bag of refractory sieve material, and this bag is rubbed against a warm plate so metal

will pass through as grains.

Nozzle intended for use in disintegrating

apparatus.

Molten zinc delivered into heated fluid under pressure. Two molten metals which do not alloy, or only partially alloy, mixed and atomized

at high temperature.

Molten metal struck with rotating flow of disintegrating gas. Jet of liquid metal broken up and forced in layers of liquid to prevent particles from

coming in contact with each other. Metal pellets produced by forcing molten

metal between rolls in presence of water.
4 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Atomization, Vaporization, Spraying Molten Metal, or

Physically Contacting It With Other Fluids, To Obtain Fine

Partides—Continued

Patentee

Williams..

Seil Takata

Hegmann.

DeBats__.

Hall, et al DeBats___

Teeple___

Steeher___

Maier

Ferguson.

Hiller Best Hart Harder

Truthe___

Maier

Landgraf.

Landgraf.

Best Marette__

U. S. Patent No.

1, 856, 679

1, 859, 992

1, 938, 876

2, 006, 891

2, 040, 168

2, 059, 230

2, 061, 696

2, 076, 798

2, 134, 091

2, 207, 746

Reissue

22,494 of

2, 209, 964

2, 213, 365

2, 255, 204

2, 280, 703

2, 301, 805

2, 304, 130

2, 304, 469

2, 305, 172

2, 306, 449

2, 308, 584

2, 310, 590

Subject

Molten metal subjected to whirling stream

of aeriform fluid under pressure. Stream of liquid metal subjected to stream

or gas at high velocity.

Atomized molten lead impinged on revolving

blades of a fan. Blast of air on molten metal. Molten metal scattered integrally and in droplet form into cooling liquid.

Apparatus for granulating molten material

by spraying.

Molten metal forced on centrifugal spraying

machine in gaseous atmosphere.

Molten metal poured through perforated plate

of predetermined size and contour; varying

sized shreds are produced suitable for packing purposes. Molten material cooled by fluid and dis- charged from vibrating plate.

Apparatus for converting metals into vapor

state for condensation. Molten metal passed into gaseous chamber

under pressure. Molten metal forced over rotatable flinger wheel. Phosphorus alloyed with molten brass before atomization to make particles rounded. Metal heated with nonreactive liquid, beat

until granulated and cooled by nonreactive

liquid.

Stream of water directed against stream of molten iron. Molten metal directed on rapidly rotating

disc and simultaneously supplying stream

of cold water. Apparatus for converting metals and metal

powders into vapor state. Producing metal powders by causing molten

metal and stream of cooling liquid to impinge on rapidly rotating disc. Producing metal powders by impinging

molten metal on rotating elements, first rotating element being supplied with stream of cold water. Producing metal powders by atomizing

molten metal in jet of gas. Forming metal shot by subjecting molten

metal to stream of water.
Powder Metallurgy 5

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Atomization, Vaporization, Spraying Molten Metal, or Physically Contacting It With Other Fluids, To Obtain Fine

Partides—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Timmins

VanHoorn, et al.

Ervin

Brooke

Hiller

Lepsoe

McCoy

Wulff

McManus, et al_ Comstock

Paddle

Seliger

McManus, et al_

2, 322, 327

2, 336, 138

2, 341, 704

2, 343, 443

2, 358, 068

2, 371, 105

2, 380, 253

2, 381, 022

2, 381, 023

2, 381, 024

2, 382, 432

2, 384, 892

2, 403, 463

2, 405, 662

Granulating ferroalloys to free gangue materials by rapid chilling of molten metal

and slag product.

Vaporization of metals by mixing and heating

metal powders with refractory binder and

applying to a core between turns of spacing

helix. Disintegrating molten metal utilizing closely

spaced series of jets of air, gas, vapor or steam under pressure into which is injected a heavier-than-air or nonexpansible liquid,

thereby attaining more uniform disinte- gration. Electric arc furnace especially adapted for use in vaporizing metals. Producing metal powders by beating and

flinging particles of molten metal into gaseous atmosphere.

Producing metal powders which comprises

enclosing stream of molten metal in flux and disintegrating by jet of atomizing gas. Producing granulated metal by heating to

plastic state while adding silica-gel to

granulate, then removing granulating

agent. Iron and iron alloy powder production

apparatus, in which iron is quenched,

shotted, disintegrated and magnetically

separated into carbon-poor powder concentrate and a carbon-rich powder tailing. Aluminum powder is prepared by depositing

vaporized aluminum on a nonretentive

surface. A stream of molten metal is comminuted by

contacting it with stream of water at a

pressure not less than 100 pounds per

square inch'. A process for reducing metals to powdered

or granular form by subjecting a molten

stream of the metal into contact with a

blast of gaseous fluid. A method of reducing iron to particle form

by forcing the metal in a semiliquid state through a foraminous plate.

Aluminum powder is produced by condensing aluminum vapor on an endless belt, detaching the film which is formed, and

ball-milling and screening to produce the powder.
6 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Chemical Precipitation

Patentee

Wilcox

Henderson

Wilcox

Dahne

Gutzkow

Schaeffer

Hunt, et al_ _

.

Jackson

Carter, et al_

.

Sutton

Jacobs

Hood

Vanino

Martino

Martino, et al

Merrill

U. S. Patent No.

12, 815

60, 514

96, 525

159, 647

205, 187

267, 723

483, 924

490, 659

513, 174

521, 899

624, 040

629, 905

630, 951

635, 793

637, 140

684, 578

Subject

Copper is recovered from cupric sulfate solution by use of sulfur dioxide as precipitant.

Copper is precipitated from an acid solution

of its ore by powdered iron, the production

of which is also described in the patent.

From acid solutions used in cleaning copper and brass goods, copper is precipitated by

iron. Gold is precipitated in form of brown powder;

ore is treated with aqueous chloride of lime

and hydrochloric acid; sulphurous acid is used as precipitant.

Silver is precipitated from an amalgam of

silver and copper in sulphuric acid by

action of copper. Gold-containing ore is subjected to the action

of bromine; gold is then separated from

resultant bromine solution by oxalic acid

or iron sulphate as precipitant. Metallic copper is precipitated by metallic

iron or electric current from acid solution

of copper, nickel and iron. Pure, fine powdered precious metal is pro- duced by chlorinating ore, dissolving: in hyposulphite solution, and electrolytically

treating in presence of zinc plates.

Apparatus precipitates gold and silver from

cyanide solution by zinc balls which are continuously agitated to remove deposited

gold from them.

In separation of gold as powder from its chloride solutions, the solution is mixed

with a hydrocarbon liquid which entrains the precipitated gold powder.

Silver and gold are precipitated in metallic form from chloride or cyanide solutions by

phosphide of hydrogen.

A zinc-antimony-mercury alloy, granulated

by pouring into water, is used for precipi- tation of gold. Pure silver is extracted from haloid salts by

mixture of salts with a watery solution of alkaline agents and addition of formic

aldehyde.

Gold is obtained from combination with

metalloids by adding calcium carbide to

dry, finely divided ore; on addition of water, free gold and acetylene hydrids of metalloids are produced.

Gold is precipitated from aqueous chloride

or bromide solutions by adding metallic carbide thereto to form hydrocarbon gas. Precipitant of zinc ground to great fineness by addition of grit such as silica, emery,

etc.
Powder Metallurgy

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Chemical Precipitation—Continued

Patentee

Waterbury

VanArsdale

Guzman

Porter

Wilcox

Gutensohn

Gin

Hendryx

Jumau

Robertson

Potter

Wadhams, et al Jumau

Jumau

Jumau

U. S. Patent No.

689, 835

723, 949

729, 760

778, 547

790, 238

790, 429

793, 186

860, 661

870, 786

886, 866

894, 902

900, 453

924, 076

924, 077

930, 967

Subject

Precipitation of copper in form of slimes is rapidly effected by passing compressed,

heated air upward through precipitant

and solution. Metallic copper is precipitated from solu- tion containing cupric sulphate by impregnating solution with sulphur dioxide and

heating it. Finely divided silver is precipitated from

solution with cupric chloride and cuprous

chloride using granulated copper as precipitant. Metallic copper is thrown down as "red cop- per" from copper cyanide solution subjected to action of zinc-dust and ammonia.

Metallic copper is precipitated from cupric

sulphate solution by dosing with sulphur

dioxide in a closed vessel, under heat and

pressure. Finely divided nickel, copper, etc., are obtained from acid solution by admixture

of second solution containing alkali and

resin; resin is distilled from mass of resin and metal formed.

Metallic copper is precipitated from cuprosocupric sulfite dissolved in sulfurous acid on heating under pressure. Stream of gold or copper-bearing solution is passed through agitated bed of granulated

zinc or iron, the metal precipitated being

carried off by the stream. Pure copper is precipitated from a copper

salt which is heated under pressure with a

sulfite. Gold, silver and copper are precipitated,

from solution obtained by mixing ore and

aqua regia, on iron scrap from which

gold values may be scaled off. Metallic copper is precipitated from cupric

sulfate solution charged with sulfur dioxide and subjected to heat and pressure; the spongy product may be pressed into ingot

form without further refining. In process of separating constituent metals from speiss containing Co, Ni, Ag, and Fe

silver is cemented on copper shot. Pure metallic copper is precipitated from

copper salt solution by treatment thereof with carbon monoxide gas, under heat and

pressure. Reducing agent used, and claimed (instead

of carbon monoxide) is hydrogen.

Copper salt solution is heated, under pressure, to a high temperature in presence of sulfurous acid, and pure metallic copper is precipitated.
8 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Chemical Precipitation—Continued

Patentee

Jumau

Merrill

Schaaf, et al

David.

Weidlein.

Urquhart.

Mills.

VanArsdale.

Towne, et al

Conklin

Weidlein

Weidlein

Crowe

Langer, et al

Gordon

U. S. Patent No.

930, 968

1, 063, 567

1, 069, 981

1, 075, 093

1, 089, 096

1, 090, 661

1, 123,778

1, 147, 466

1, 156, 383

1, 160, 849

1, 201, 899

1, 223, 454

1, 281, 249

1, 291, 030

1, 323, 588

Subject

Copper salt solution is subjected to heat and

pressure in presence of sawdust, wood

shavings, etc. Reducing conditions (exclusion of oxidizing

gases) are maintained throughout precipi- tation of metal from solution by agitation

with zinc powder, etc. Comminuted or finely divided copper is precipitated from solution by charging copper solution with gaseous peroxide of nitrogen and lower oxides of nitrogen and

subjecting to heat and pressure. In a cyclic extraction process, copper is precipitated by powdered electrolytic iron, solution then re-electrolyzed producing

fresh precipitant. Metallic copper is precipitated by sulfur dioxide from a copper sulfate solution; copper powder may be compressed to form

anodes. Gold and silver are precipitated from cyanide solutions on granulated zinc, mass

agitated to free gold from zinc and further subdivide zinc for reuse. Process for precipitating precious metals

utilizes a granular zinc, aluminum, etc. precipitant at surface of a filter medium

through which pregnant solution is with- drawn.

Copper is precipitated from solution by adding sulfur dioxide thereto and neutralizing

free acid formed during precipitation.

Gold or silver is seaparated from a cyanide

solution by zinc economically used by

process in a powdered form.

Metallic precipitant is eliminated from precipitate by moving precipitant in form

such as balls rather than shavings, etc., through pregnant solution. Copper precipitation according to 1,089,096;

present method circulates solution through

precipitating apparatus, heating to effect precipitation and recirculating with fresh

solution. Apparatus for precipitation according to

1,201,899. Process and apparatus which exclude oxi- dizing gases during precipitation of gold

from cyanide solutions by replacement.

Nickel-copper matte is separated by precipitating copper from acid solution using

finely divided nickel, reduced from the

original matte, as the precipitant, and

electrolyzing residual solution. Gold powder is precipitated from cyanide

solution by using aluminum plate dipped

in mercuric chloride as precipitant.
Powder Metallurgy 9

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Chemical Precipitation—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Nelson.

Laist_.

Bragg.

Hahn.

Wilcox. Bardt..

Adams

Weisberg.

Laist

Clark.

Platten.

Stack, _

Becket, et al.

Becket

1, 326, 463

1, 333, 985

1, 395, 755

1, 416, 147

1, 423, 070

1, 430, 140

1, 448, 475

1, 461, 918

1,472, 115

1, 480, 110

1, 487, 125

1, 492, 282

1, 492, 283

Copper is precipitated from a sodium

bisulfate-sodium chloride solution with

finely divided steel as precipitant; additional sodium chloride prevents adherence

of copper to steel. Method and apparatus for precipitating copper from hot copper sulfate solutions with bulfur dioxide. To prevent adherence of copper to walls of precipitating chamber, sulfur dioxide is introduced into hot copper sulfate solution rather than cold. In precipitation of silver by addition of zinc dust to silver-cyanide solution, doping

solution with sodium hydroxide is found

to conserve cyanide.

Method and apparatus for precipitating

metallic copper as a continuous operation.

Fine powder copper precipitate, free of metallic contaminants such as iron, is produced by using sugar waste liquors,

etc., containing polysaccharides as precipitants.

Method and apparatus for increasing precipi- tation of metallic copper by return to the

solution of gas and steam collecting above

copper sulfate solution during introduction of S02 . Silver is precipitated from photographic

solutions by adding sugar and alkali as

precipitants.

Copper, free from sulfur compounds, is precipitated from copper sulfate solution by

adding S02 in liquid rather than vapor

phase which enables its quick entry into

solution. Metallic copper is precipitated under high

temperature and pressure by formic acid

or aliphatic aldehydes, etc., eliminating

regeneration of free H2SO4 such as SG2 provides.

Spongy lead may be precipitated by passing a pregnant brine solution over metallic

iron. In process of refining impure tin bullion, metals such as arsenic and lead are precipitated as compounds and bismuth as a

metal powder.

Precious or heavy metals are precipitated

from cyanide solution by alloy of silicon and activating metal such as calcium. Heavy or precious metals are precipitated

by powdered silicon from cyanide solutions.
10 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Chemical Precipitation—Continued

Patentee

Clark

Weisberg

Bardt

Levy

Mattenklodt, et al

Christensen

Smith

Bagsar

Muller, et al

Tainton

McGregor

Wilson

Alleman

Queneau

Hull

U. S. Patent No.

1, 503, 229

1, 527, 942

1, 592, 173

1, 624, 172

1, 639, 610

1, 643, 922

1, 649, 786

1, 671, 004

1, 686, 391

1, 739, 772

1, 753, 015

1, 792, 262

1, 805, 199

1, 872, 169

1, 876, 942

Subject

In recovering metallic copper, metallic impurities are first precipitated from solution

as salts by increased temperature and

pressure.

Silver is precipitated from photographic solu- tions by ferrous hydroxide in presence of an alkali. Metallic, crystalline copper is precipitated

from copper salt solutions by heating them

with cellulose material which has been

treated with inorganic acid reacting liquid

under heat and pressure. Metallic silver as dark black crystals is precipitated from waste hypo solutions by

adding zinc hydrosulphite thereto. Cement copper is precipitatedf rom solution containing chlorides and sulfates and

other metal salts. Copper is precipitated from sulfate solution by tumbling with lead shot, the tumbling

continuously freeing shot of sulfate coating.

Platinum is recovered from a catalytic mass by dissolving mass in hydrochloric acid and reacting with zinc. Nickel is precipitated from nickelous chloride by powdery zinc, reaction being speeded

by keeping temperature at 40° to 90° C or

higher.

Spongy gray silver precipitate and pale red

metallic copper powder are successively

precipitated by water gas from ammoniacal solution. Gold or silver is precipitated from cyanide

solution with zinc, lead or copper as metal

higher in electrochemical scale. From

mixed deposit of granular form, zinc is dissolved out to leave silver. Plant and process for precipitating copper by

iron from acid solution in which batches of iron are disposed in series so solution passes from oldest batch to newer batches. Finely divided metals and metal-metal

alloys or colloidal suspensions thereof are formed, e. g., by precipitating copper from

acid solution by powdered zinc. A finer precipitant produces a finer precipitate.

To obtain colloidal lead, for antiknock motor

fuel, dimethyl-didiethyl-methyl lead is de- composed in an inert solvent by heat. From fume of zinc ore treatment, cadmium

as one impurity, is removed as metallic

dust. Platinum sponge, i. e., black powder is precipitated from a solution of chloride salts thereof by zinc.
Powder Metallurgy

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Chemical Precipitation—Continued

11

Patentee

Drouilly

Tobelmann

Parker

Keyes

Mills, et al

Scott, et al

Hamprecht, et al.

Lee, et al Doran

Dearing

Hay

Henzoni

U. S. Patent No.

1, 963, 893

2, 008, 373

2, 042, 121

2, 070, 134

2, 177, 412

2, 189, 263

2, 204, 898

!, 271,

2, 292, 207

2, 367, 022

2, 367, 239

Subject

Finely divided activated aluminum is used

to precipitate finely divided iron from fer- rous sulfate solution. Precipitated copper is purified by redissolv- ing finer and impure portion and reprecipitating.

Gold is precipitated from saline solutions by

powdered nickel to which gold powder

adheres. Iron for precipitating copper is formed by

pouring molten iron into water forming

hollow spheroids which serve to precipitate copper in flake form rather than powder.

Zinc particles, used to precipitate gold or

silver from cyanide; solutions, are made

more effective by contacting with lead

salt. Metal powders of very fine particle size are produced, e. g., by reducing a nickel

halide by reaction with solution of sodium

addition compound of naphthalene, filter- ing, and washing precipitate with organic

solvent and water. ; In its electrolytically deposited form nickel

is a quicker precipitant for copper than

nickel remelted after deposition, according

to patent.

Precipitated silver is easily separated from

continuously agitated precipitant in form

of blocks, rod or balls. Indium is precipitated in sponge form easily

removed from precipitant, by using

metallic aluminum as precipitant.

Silver is precipitated from acid-oxidizing

photosolutions by iron or steel of carbon

content and crystalline size lower than

those of gray cast iron. Separation of copper from mixture of copper with more electropositive metal using aqueous acid solution. Purification of cobalt precipitates containing

lead, iron, copper and nickel with sulfur dioxide as reducing agent.

3. Electrical Processes, Electrolysis, Electroplating, Etc.

Moebius

Sachs, et al. Huber, et al

310, 302

521, 991

522, 415

Silver is refined from base bullion and precipitated on cathodes in loose spongy state, whence it is removed by brushes. A metallic conductor in fine state, maintained

in motion, is interposed between suitable electrodes during process of electrolysis.

Same as 521,991 except nonmetallic conductor is used.
12 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Electrical Processes, Electrolysis, Electroplating, Etc. —Con

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Douglas

Clark

Bary

Hybinette

Edison

Edison

Edison __ Cowper-Coles

Edison

Greenawalt__

Hybinette. _

Stevens

Keyes, et al Niemann

Tainton

Ellis

563, 144

598, 313

700, 399

805, 969

821, 626

865, 687

865, 688

923, 411

936, 525

968, 651

968, 652

1, 128, 313

1, 194, 438

1, 196, 699

1, 222, 789

1, 299, 565

Copper is extracted from solid cuprous

chloride suspended in electrolyte; strong

current produces crystalline spongy copper

mass.

Finely divided lead produced by changing

acetate of lead solution into acetate of zinc solution and depositing lead by electric current. Molten metal in a stream is pulverized by

having an intermittant electric current, with quick interruptions, flow through the

stream. To separate nickel-copper alloy, nickel- copper anode is electrolyzed in nickel

sulfate and weak acid solution, and copper

is cemented out of solution. Metal scales for admixture with nickel hvdroxide in storage-batterv electrodes of 0.0002 inch thick cobalt nickel alloy. Metallic nickel flakes; layers of nickel are formed on copper layers," copper later being

dissolved out. Cobalt or nickel flakes formed as above.

Zinc dust produced by electrodepositing zinc

in spongy form and subsequently drying in a reducing atmosphere.

Metallic cobalt or nickel or cobalt nickel

flakes about ^6 inch in size. Copper, gold and silver are separated from

ore by precipitating gold and silver with

electrolytic powdered copper and casting

this as anodes, depositing copper and

recovering gold and silver from anode

slimes. Copper and nickel are separated by cementing

copper on a copper-nickel-sulfur slab prepared for spongy deposit by having

previously been made porous in an electrolytic bath. Metallic cadmium is deposited on cathode

in coherent, or in noncoherent form which

falls from the cathode, in process for its recovery from ores, flue dusts, etc. Tungsten powder produced by electrical precipitation using fused sodium tungstate.

Gold and selenium are separated by electrolytic precipitation from ore containing

gold and selenium and retorted to recover

gold bullion in finely powdered form. Gold is removed from a dilute aurocyanide

solution by precipitation in loose spongy form on a cathode which reciprocates to

cast off gold which is recovered by filtra- tion or settlement. Catalysts for hydrogenation produced by

electrical action on nickel and carbon.
Powder Metallurgy 13

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS^-Continued

3. Electrical Processes, Electrolysis, Electroplating, Etc. —Con.

Patentee

Tainton

Hybinette, et al

McGall

Allingham

Slepian

Leech

Pearson, et al Van Arsdale, et al_

Carl

Breuning, et al

Koehler. Cain

Drouilly.

Balke__.

U. S. Patent No.

1, 334, 419

1, 382, 361

1, 397, 008

1, 403, 463

1, 440, 502

1, 462, 421

1, 508, 629

1, 687, 056

1, 732, 179

1, 777, 371

1, 794, 585

1, 799, 157

1, 799, 403

Subject

Electrolytic cell for precipitation of metals by method like 1,251,302 or in solid form. Copper-nickel matte is leached of greater

part of copper, part of remaining matte

reduced to metal powder onto which

copper leached out by electrolyte is ce- mented, thus purifying electrolyte. Oxidizable metals finely divided in nonoxidized condition by electric current.

Silver is precipitated, chemically, and in metallic form by a process which first subjects pregnant electrolyte to electric current to cause precipitation of unwanted

metals as hydroxides.

Fine metal powder produced by providing

metallic electrodes with porous screens and

passing low current between while immersed in electrolyte.

Tin "paste" or "sludge," for coating paper,

of very fine particles is deposited at cathode, and has no adherence in itself or to cathode. Chromium group metal powders are pro- duced by electrolysis and a final reduction

in hydrogen.

Molybdenum sesquioxide is deposited on the

cathode, which requires half the reducing

agent the trioxide requires, and which,

when reduced, produces a powder.

Silver is recovered in finely distributed form

not adhering to cathode, from its alloy

with other precious and base metals. Nickel flakes for use in alkaline accumulators; a sheet of coherent layers of nickel

is formed, cut in pieces and acted on by

weak acid which penetrates between and

separates layers.

Copper deposited in feathery state due to presence of gas evolved from electrolysis.

Dry metal powders are moistened with

benzol, and benzol evaporated off to give

floating characteristics for use in forming

metal films which float on an electrolyte

and are integrated into thin foils by action

of electric current. Metal powder produced by electrolysis employing electrolyte of a salt of metal to be

obtained. Tantalum powder containing one-tenth of

1 percent carbon; a fused bath of potassium

fluotantalate and tantalic oxide is electro- lyzed to produce a mass which is ground

and purified.

737128—47 2
14 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Electrical Processes, Electrolysis, Electroplating, Etc. —Con.

Patentee

Driggs.

Driggs

Driggs

Driggs

Driggs, et al_

Hughes, et al

Driggs

Lucas

Jensen

Teats

Teats

Sternfels

Hardy.

.

Jephson

Fisher—

Mantell

U. S. Patent No.

1, 815, 054

1, 821, 176

1, 835, 025

1, 842, 254

1, 861, 625

1, 869, 214

1, 874, 090

1, 959, 376

1, 968, 490

2, 011, 882

2, 060, 453

2, 099, 873

2, 157, 699

2, 213, 864

2, 216, 167

2, 233, 103

Subject

Tantalum powder is produced by depositing

it from a fusion mixture of alkali metal

halides, a double alkali tantalum halide compound and an ionizable oxygen containing tantalum compound soluble in the

halides. Chromium, etc., powder is deposited from a

bath of calcium chloride and an ionizable chromium compound.

Powders of group IV metals are deposited

from a bath of alkali metal chlorides and a double halide compound of the desired metal. Uranium powder is prepared by electrolytic

decomposition of a double halogen com- pound thereof in solution in bath of alkali halogen compounds.

Powdered uranium is deposited on a removable floating type cathode from a fused bath of alkali and alkaline earth halides containing a quadrivalent uranium halide. Flaky metallic thallium is recovered from

cadmium sulphate solution utilized in manufacture of cadmium, by first producing thallous sulphate which may then be

electrolyzed. Chloride compound used in electrolytic dis- sociation of fused salts of rare refractory metals to increase particle size. Metal powder produced by electrolysis and

deposited in nonoxidizing medium.

Powdered metallic chromium produced by

electrolysis with sufficient current density

to produce non-adherent deposit to be

comminuted.

Pure flake thallium is deposited on cathodes

in process for recovering thallium from

cadmium-thallium sulfate solution. Thallium sponge is deposited on cathodes in process for separating cadmium and

thallium. Flake chromium is prepared by machine

and process for depositing chromium from

bath on a flexible belt cathode and then

flexing belt to remove curly flakes there- from. Uncontaminated metal-powder produced by

introducing iron-bearing material into electrolysis. Copper in powdered form recovered from

scrap brass by electrolysis.

Metal powder is deposited on plurality of electrodes immersed in electrolyte. (Improvement on Koehler 1,777,371). Finely deposited nickel powder produced by

electrolytic deposition from an alkaline aqueous solution.
Powder Metallurgy 15

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Electrical Processes, Electrolysis, Electroplating, Etc.—Con.

Patentee

Bauer Hannay, et al Young

Urban

Lovell, et al__

McNitt—.

Globus

Mehl

Johansson

Kroll.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 287, 082

2, 347, 450

2, 366, 298

2, 374, 762

2, 385, 269

2, 389, 734

2, 391, 903

2, 413, 411

Subject

Iron powders produced by electrolyzing fer- rous chloride solution in presence of formic

acid. Electrodeposition of pure sponge zinc from

substantially neutral zinc sulphate solution. Copper sponge deposited from bath of alkali metal cyanide and copper cyanide- at 600° C. is readily disintegrated to copper powder.

Recovering iron powder from spent pickle

liquors by electrolysis, using mercury cathode, the mercury being distilled off, leaving

powdered iron. Aluminum is electrolytically produced in powdered form from aluminum bromide

solution, using a vibrating cathode.

Naphthaline, etc., added to electrolyte

prevents agglomeration of aluminum particles into larger masses. Producing light metals by electrolysis of a

fused salt of light metal. Iron powder is electrolytically extracted from ore in which metal appears in high

valence form; metal is recovered as ions

of lower valence.

Electrolytic process for producing iron powder using aqueous solution of caustic soda. A method of producing spherical metal

powders by electrolysis, an anode being the metal to be powdered, a salt metal

electrolyte being a less noble metal anion,

and a cation being capable of forming a

volatile salt. Pure iron powder is produced by electro- lyzing an anhydrous electrolyte of molten

ferrous chloride between a consumable

anode of impure iron and a cathode from

which deposited iron powder is stripped.

4. Mechanical Comminuting of Metal to Powder by Cutting

.

Rolling, Crushing, or Other Mechanical Operations

Brandeis.

Brandeis.

Parmelee

Yielding.

8, 365

Reissue 9,- 667 of

53,563.

187, 303

417, 622

Copper broken down by iron or steel rollers; soap applied to make bright, brilliant, and

durable. Metal particles shaved from an ingot; then

flattened by rollers with polished steel sur- face to make powder bright and brilliant. Impalpable scales separated from metallic ingots by cutters, making finer powder. Furnace with lifting plate in its melting pan

for breaking metal to be reduced to powder.
1(3 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Mechanical Comminuting of Metal to Powder by Cutting,

Rolling, Crushing, or Other Mechanical Operations—Con.

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Mertes

Ott, et al Coleman

Buhne

Huth

Bailey

Baer

Gilmore

Bing

Philipp

Hill Podzus

Kramer

Podzus

Podzus

Bing

Kramer, et al

Podzus

Philipp

Podszus

Kramer

Kramer

612, 593

657, 883

666, 409

684, 043

726, 932

846, 384

1, 347, 928

1, 396, 108

1, 415, 861

1, 420, 742

1, 465, 941

1, 573, 017

1, 596, 051

1, 621, 270

1, 647, 249

1, 665, 806

1, 671, 678

1, 685, 956

1, 687, 886

1, 703, 634

1, 793, 096

1, 793, 097

Ingot is shaved by a hand-cranked rotary

cutting tool in preparation of amalgam

fillings for teeth. Bronze colors produced from granular metal

powder by crushing and annealing.

Metal guided by rollers to comminuting tool. Roller with impressions used on metal to

give desired form. Manufacturing bronze powder by stamping

bands formed from liquid metal.

Metallic lead subjected to action of rapidly

moving heaters; uniformly conveyed by

currents of air or gas to chemical agents if desired for lead pigments.

Molten metal cooled by water jets and subjected to hammering action while treated with olive oil, etc. Apparatus for disintegrating or shredding

metal cuttings or scrap. Turning chips reduced by fine grinder be- neath knife rollers. Cutting element cooperating with knife

roller disentangles and reduces turning

chips. Cast-off scrap metal reduced to chips by

grinding mill. Hard metals are finely powdered in chamber

by high velocity whirling currents of air circulating in all directions. Feed mechanism for eddy mills supplies material to be ground so that torque

applied to propeller shafts remains the same. Metal powders of colloidal fineness are pro- duced by whirling fine particles in strong

air currents with coarse particles.

To round metal powder particles, they are milled together in a closed chamber by

propellers.

Bulky scrap metal disintegrated and foreign bodies removed by current of air. Mill similar to 1,685,956 but having add

tional stirrer members mounted on propeller shafts. Mill having oppositely positioned air propellers in a curved-walled casing.

Rotary knives in contact with stationary

knives reduce difficult waste material. To pulverize metal particles, they are caused

to impinge on each other by opposed gas

currents; particles are coated with a

lubricant. Beetling mill having converging walls that

confine particles to path of beetling rotor. Beetling rotor with blades having ledges for deflecting particles.
Powder Metallurgy 17

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Mechanical Comminuting of Metal to Powder by Cutting,

Rolling, Crushing, or Other Mechanical Operations—Con.

Patentee

Kramer

Kramer

Kramer

Kramer

Kramer

Kramer

Schubardt

Kranz, et el Kramer

Boothman

Zeiss

Stecher, et al__

Slade McCune

Kramer.

Clements, et al Tour

Junker, et al__

Croll

Ziehl

U. S. Patent No.

1, 793, 098

1, 798, 886

1, 802, 658

1, 814, 559

1, 846, 209

1, 846, 210

1, 857, 879

1, 910, 612

1, 932, 741

2, 017, 850

2, 037, 672

2, 047, 391 Reissue

21,039 of 2,052,426.

2, 087, 806

2, 136, 445

Reissue

22,452 of 2,164,198.

2, 199, 191

2, 254, 805

2, 259, 457

2, 263, 603

Subject

Method and apparatus for sifting powders

produced by beetling mills. High-speed beetling mill having serrated

• beetling rotors. Charging regulator for beetling mills. Beetling mill casing to which charge is intro- duced counter to direction of rotation of beetling members.

Separator for particles issuing from beetling

mills using air blast separately regulated

from that of the mill. Separator where particles fall downwardly

over diverging plates while air is forced upwardly between plates.

Producing heavy metal powders by mechanical comminution.

Uniform sponge made by feeding metal

strands on to rotating member to form

loops and braiding these loops.

Manufacturing disintegrated bronze foils by

subjecting metal powder to falling action

of balls in rotary drum.

Aluminum bronze powder produced by roll- ing coated aluminum.

Molten metal is mixed with solid material such as sand in presence of inert gases,

stirred and cooled so as to solidify in powdered form.

Solid comminuted material made directly

from molten material by allowing noltem

material to solidify on cold surface; material then comminuted by rotary tools. Method of and apparatus for grinding, applicable to the production of very fine metal powders.

Irregularly shaped metallic scrap disinte- grated by sets of rollers at varying speeds.

Rotary drum in which pulverulent bronze is produced with aid of steel balls. Carburized iron or steel quenched above cri- tical temperature to render it brittle for powdering.

Metal flakes produced by passing molten or

plastic metal through chilled rotating

rolls. Components of metal mixtures separated by

heating to specific temperature and subjected to mechanical stress to reduce lowest melting metal to powder.

Metallic material crushed in presence of a

water solution of a saponin which carries away crushed particles and leaves mass for recrushing.

Producing flaked lead by ball milling operation.
18 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Mechanical Comminuting of Metal to Powder by Cutting,

Rolling, Crushing, or Other Mechanical Operations—Con.

Patentee

Lykken

DeLosSinden__.

Moreland, et al Stephanoff Clark Gavin

Wulff

Landgraf

Robinson

Wiegand

Rennerfelt

Zipper

Tholand

Pagendarm

Wolff Wiegand

Hall, et al

WulffDo

U. S. Patent No.

2, 294, 920

2, 301, 084

2, 301, 136

2, 325, 080

2, 327, 402

2, 334, 258

2, 354, 727

2, 356, 599

2, 360, 893

2, 361, 253

2, 362, 772

2, 363, 769

2, 366, 371

2, 368, 870

2, 381, 413

2, 392, 019

2, 394, 578

2, 407, 862

Subject

Machine for pulverizing materials such as

iron chips and turnings.

Conveyor particularly adapted for handling

fine powdered metal. Control apparatus for regulating flow of comminuted or granulated metals. Apparatus for comminuting and/or drying

molten materials. Grinding or pulverizing sponge metal in ball

mill. Producing finely divided metal by grinding

in presence of lubricant, drying and

polishing particles in presence of leafing

agent to impart leafing characteristics. Producing stainless steel powder from con- taminated residues which comprises crushing, screening, and magnetically separating.

Apparatus for comminuting liquid materials,

especially metals. Apparatus for effecting pulverization and

dispersion of metal powders in aqueous

or oleagenous bases. Apparatus for grinding hard metals. Producing fine ferrous metal powder by

subdividing high carbon content ferrous metal material, decarburizing, disintegrating soft material formed, and thereafter carburizing powder.

Cutting apparatus for reducing such materials as aluminum and magnesium.

Making metal powders by subdividing

carbon-containing ferrous metal in liquid

state, then solidifying, disintegrating, and

decarburizing.

Apparatus for comminuting metals such as magnesium, aluminum, and the like. Powdered copper is used in making a lining

for a charge container for grinding metal. Grinding and separation of materials, includ- ing metals, by projecting a stream of fluid and material particles moving at high speed against an anvil or against a

counter-stream of particles.

A method of producing magnesium powder

by disintegration of massive metal with- out dusting and danger of explosion.

Steel powder is produced from contaminated

scrap by emulsifjdng it with soda ash and

sodium silicate, then disintegrating.

A method of producing metal powders of high alloy content ; one use of the product

being for bearings.
Powder Metallurgy 19

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Reduction of Powdered or Granulated Ores, Metal Oxides,

CarbonyIs, or Other Metal Compounds by Heat, Gases, Etc.

Patentee

Bischof__

Seymour.

Hinde

Lyttle

Tourangin

Cowles, et al.

Mond

Edison

Moore, et al_

Jones Ramage

Thomson.

Blau

Mathesius

.

Kerr Becket___

Becket

Cleaves.

S. Patent No.

74, 791

115, 243

121, 872

183, 691

268, 840

324, 659

455, 227

455, 228

455! 229

727, 118

Subject

Reissue

12,856 of 791,928.

880, 799

949, 003

960, 441

985, 386

1, 003, 627

1, 032, 007

1, 081, 567

1, 081, 568

1, 235, 655 I

Edison ! 1, 275, 232

Iron oxide heated with pulverized coal or

coke, and copper and silver separated by

precipitation of copper in solution. Granulated iron ore heated and mixed with

pulverized carbon; metalized iron then

separated by magnetic ore separator. Crushed ore subjected to processes of cal- cining, reducing, and carbonizing. Bricks of ore subjected to action of hot

gases, free from oxygen. Sponge iron produced by passing carbonic

oxide through mass of unheated ore. Aluminum produced as an amorphous

powder by reduction of ore with tin, copper, manganese, etc., and separating

alloying metal from Al by amalgamation,

etc. Finely divided nickel containing impurities

such as cobalt, etc., combines with car- bonic oxide leaving impurities behind,

and may then be converted to coherent pure nickel metal. Iron compound reduced by hydrogen in presence of heat and then flooded with

water to prevent oxidation. Finely divided ore at red heat subjected to action of reducing gas and passed beneath

molten bath. Finely divided ore is reduced with lump coke

and separated from gangue by gravity,

magnetic separation, etc. Hydrogen and water gas passed over copper

ores at low red heat. Tungsten oxide reduced with hydrogen.

Oxygen compounds of tungsten reduced by

excess quantity of gaseous reducing agents

at low temperature.

Preheated metallic oxide ores and reducing

gases mixed.

Heated steam and air alternately forced on

heated ore. Finely divided commercially pure ferrotungsten for use as an addition to steel is made

by oxidizing and reducing crude ferro- tungsten.

Tungsten metal or alloy is produced from

high phosphorus and carbon ferrotungsten

by above method plus magnetic separation

or leaching to remove phosphorus and iron. Pure tungsten may be obtained, e. g., from

finely subdivided ferrotungsten by subjecting latter to action of a hydrogen

halide, at a temperature to form an iron

halide. Same as 727,118 except nitrogen is used

replace hydrogen before exposing to air.
20 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Reduction of Powdered or Granulated Ores—Continued

Patentee

Pfanstiehl

Carson

Bleeker, et al_. Marden

Schleicher

Marden

Marden, et al_ Marden

Marden, et al_

Rich

Mittasch, et al Muller, et al__

Hartenstein

Schlecht Hornsey

Dickson

Hansgirg

Naumann

Kalling, et aL.

U. S. Patent No.

1, 283, 286

1, 287, 221

1, 311, 379

1, 437, 984

1, 548, 854

1, 659, 209

1, 728, 940

1, 728, 941

1, 741, 955

1, 759, 660

1, 759, 661

1, 819, 164

1, 836, 732

1, 841, 602

1, 874, 253

1, 884, 993

1, 921, 536

1, 964, 402

Subject

Metallic oxides (such as tungsten) heated in atmosphere of rapidly moving hydrogen

at equal temperature.

Carbon freed from natural gas or petroleum

mixed and heated with iron ore to deoxidize it. Magnesium condensed in liquid or solid form

from magnesium vapor. Halide of metal to be formed and aluminum

heated; further heated to volatilize all salts. Metallic antimony is obtained from reduction of sodium pyroantimonate to an alloy

of antimony and sodium which is pulverized and washed with water to remove

sodium.

Oxide of rare refractory metal heated with

magnesium and a fluxing agent to produce

metal powder.

Difficultly reducible oxides heated to react- ing temperature with alkaline earth metal

and an alkaline earth halide. Stable uranium formed by reducing uranium

oxide with calcium in presence of calcium

chloride; salts of reaction removed with

solvents. Gases removed from rare' refractory metals by heating metal oxide with calcium

and calcium chloride in presence of alkali metal. Chromium metal powder produced by heating chromium oxide and subjecting to

strong, free flow of pure hydrogen.

Undiluted iron carbonyl brought in contact with fused iron. Metal carbonyls of metals decomposed in hot

free space of heated vessel. Iron ore mixed with peat reduced by hydro- gen and cooled in absence of air. Metal carbonyl decomposed by introducing

it with inert gases into hot free space of heated vessel. Mixture of iron ore and solid carbonaceous

fuel treated in rotary kiln at high temperature. Producing powdered lead by stirring heated

lead to which has been added pitchblende

and uranium.

Magnesium by reduction, vaporization and

condensation. Production of molybdenum and tungsten

carbonyls suitable for thermal decomposition into compact metal, powder, or sponge. Reducing agent added to mixture of ore and

solid carbonaceous material in rotating heat zone.
Powder Metallurgy 21

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Reduction of Powdered or Granulated Ores—Continued

Patentee

Muller

Hansgirg

Erdman

Basel

Schmalfeldt Drapeau, et al_

Schmid

Stephan

Hardy

Hardy

Madaras

Wellman, et al_

Maier

Comstock, et al

Brassert Roseby

Brassert Brassert

Zintl, et al Stern

Patterson

Dill

U. S. Patent No.

2, 004, 534

2, 074, 726

2, 088, 165

2, 096, 009

2, 107, 549

2, 170, 814

2, 207, 879

2, 217, 569

2, 236, 441

2, 236, 474

2, 243, 110

2, 261, 196

2, 265, 180

2, 273, 834

2, 277, 067

2, 279, 013

2, 287, 663

2, 290, 734

2, 301, 663

2, 302, 981

2, 307, 064

2, 307, 997

Subject

Metal powders, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, prepared in pure state by

termal decomposition of metal carbonyls.

Magnesium by reduction, vaporization, and

condensation. Magnesium by reduction, vaporization, and

condensation. Iron compounds reduced by hydrogen at

specific temperature in making semipyrophoric iron. Pure oxygen introduced in rotary reducing

drum with iron ores and reducing gases. Production of pure copper powder by oxi- dizing pieces of copper, such as wire, shot

or punchings, then reducing the powdered

oxide. Iron oxalate heated in presence of indifferent gases to produce semipyrophoric iron. Water added to pulverized iron in presence

of iron halides; air added and product

reduced by hydrogen.

Hot reducing gas passed over bed of metallic

particles in "tabling" movement. Hot reducing gases passed over bed of iron

ore particles in motion.

Reducing gas circulated through successive chambers of ore. Metal powder produced by carbonaceous

reduction of mixture of oxidic compounds

of lead and oxidic compounds of one or more certain other metals. Converting metal ores into powder by vaporization. Titanium tetrachloride subjected to action of sodium in presence of oxygen or nitrogen

compound as an embrittling agent.

Producing metallic bodies directly from

powdered iron ore without melting.

Mixture of nickel and iron compound heated

in reducing atmosphere and crushed to powder.

Reduced ore compressed to form metal pellets or briquettes in protective atmosphere.

Continuous heat process produces iron and

steel products of homogeneous form. Reducing difficultly volatile metal oxides at high temperatures with the aid of silicon. Aluminum powder produced by passing comminuted aluminum scrap through successive heating zones which causes brittleness and fragmentation of scrap. Treating metal oxides to remove ganguebefore reducing to form high grade metal

powder.

Reducing crushed metallic oxide by contacting it with gasified hydrocarbon or super- heated vaporized hydrocarbon oil.
22 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Reduction of Powdered or Granulated Ores—Continued

Patentee

Payne

Burruss et'al

Doerner

TerryJet al

Pidgeon

Pidgeon

McCarroll, et al Shaub, et al

Patterson Lykken

Patterson Spooner

Maier

Queneau

Lewis

Crane, et al Davis

Davis

Kleckner

Arimori, et al_-

Jeffery__ _

2, 311, 962

2, 323, 305

2, 328, 202

2, 329, 862

2, 330, 142

2, 330, 143

2, 330, 724

2, 330, 751

2, 331, 419

2, 333, 111

2, 334, 434

2, 334, 451

2, 341, 844

2, 342, 368

2, 343, 780

2, 348, 194

2, 349, 408

2, 349, 409

2, 349, 556

2, 349, 927

2, 351, 765

Subject

Reducing preheated iron ore concentrates with preheated reducing gas. Producing high-purity iron powders from

iron oxides by continuous process in re- ducing furnace. Magnesium oxide is thermally reduced with

carbon and magnesium vapor is shockcooled by hydrocarbons to finely divided

solid metal which forms a paste with the hydrocarbons. Paste is briquetted, and

Mg distilled out and condensed.

Process and apparatus for decarburizing

and/or deoxidizing metal powder contain- ing carbon or metal oxides by heat treat- ment.

Recovering volatilizable metals by thermal treatment of metal-containing materials. Thermal reduction by ferrosilicon of magnesium-containing materials. Reducing magnesium oxide with carbon in producing metallic magnesium.

Reducing magnesium oxide with finely divided carbon in producing magnesium

powder. Furnace adapted to treatment of finely divided metal oxides and the like with

gaseous treating agents. Apparatus and method for producing iron powder by reducing finely divided ores. Reduction of finely divided metal oxides in furnace with gaseous treating agents. Magnesium produced by carbothermic re- duction of magnesium oxide. Reducing violet chromic chloride by hydro- gen in producing chrome metal. Flash reduction operation for producing zinc from oxidic zinc material using carbonifer- ous reducing agent. Iron or nickel powders produced by reduction of powdered ores with natural gas rich

in hydrogen.

Method of condensing zinc vapors formed

by reducing zinc substances. Apparatus for producing metallic magnesium

by reduction of magnesium oxide-contain- ing raw material. Producing metallic magnesium by reduction

of magnesium oxide-containing raw material. Producing magnesium from magnesium minerals containing iron. Manufacturing metallic magnesium from

magnesia-containing ores by reduction,

vaporization and condensation. Reducing ores with reducing gases on

pellets formed of ore and vaporizable

liquid, producing porous spongy metal

pellets.
Powder Metallurgy 23

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Redaction of Powdered or Granulated Ores—Continued

Patentee

Twiford.

Sayers__

Gardner.

Gentil__.

Payne

Brassert, et al.

Darrah

Hodson, et al. Brassert

Patterson 2, 368

Pidgeon

Whiton, et al.

Hansgirg

Burruss, et al. Bowen

U. S. Patent No.

2, 352, 418

2, 353, 193

2, 353, 614

2, 354, 253

2, 359, 578

2, 361, 925

2, 364, 195

2, 365, 194

2, 367, 262

Fill Coxe

Hansgirg

Doerner_

2, 370, 812

2, 370, 898

2, 372, 571

2, 373, 657

2, 377, 478

2, 377, 486

2, 377, 676

2, 379, 576

2, 380, 097

Subject

Apparatus for use in recovering metal

powders from ore. Producing magnesium by reduction and

volatilization utilizing helium as con- densing agent.

Electric furnace especially adapted to ex- traction by distillation of metals from ores. Producing magnesium directly from its oxygen compounds using aluminum or calcium as reducing agent.

Apparatus for producing metal powders by

reducing ores by electromagnetic induction

Preparing solid objects such as pellets- briquettes of substantially pure man,

ganese powder by reducing manganese

oxide. Furnace for producing magnesium by _ re- moving carbon dioxide from magnesium

carbonate using non-carbonaceous reducing agent.

Reducing iron ores in finely divided state in carbonaceous gaseous atmosphere.

Producing metal powders from their ores by

down drafting, first, hot oxidizing gases and then reducing gases on finely divided

ores. Producing metal powders by gaseous reduction of finely divided metal compounds

without substantial fusion. Thermal production of magnesium by ferrosilicon reduction under reduced pressure. Producing metallic magnesium powder by

thermal reduction of magnesia-containing

materials with ferrosilicon. Producing metallic magnesium by direct reduction of magnesium silicates; iron- chromium-titanium alloys produced in granular form as a byproduct. z Producing metal powders by reducing

divided metil oxides with reducing gases. Furnace for producing metallic magnesium

from magnesium-containing compounds by

vaporizing reduced metal and chilling

suddenly to freeze it into a powdered

form. Producing carbonyl iron particles by thermal

decomposition of ferro-pentacarbonyl.

Reducing iron ore by dissolving in molten

borax, adding alkali metal cyanide and

leaching extraneous material from iron powder.

Producing metallic magnesium by direct reduction of magnesium silicates using

powdered ferro-silicon. Sludge separator for handling atomized mist

containing metal particles and vapors of

volatilized liquids produced by 2,328,202.
24 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

II. PRODUCTION OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Reduction of Powdered or Granulated Ores—Continued

Patentee

Doerner

Kirk _._

Drapeau, Jr__

Silvasy, et al_

Cooper

Brassert, et al Westling

Orgorzaly

Burwell

Fill

Urquhart

Rennie

Munday

Byrns

Caldwell Rennie

Newkirk et al. Brassert

Firth

U. S. Patent No.

2, 380, 098

2, 380, 449

2, 381, 440

2, 384, 971

2, 387, 979

2, 389, 133

2, 391, 496

2, 393, 704

2, 394, 362

2, 395, 999

2, 397, 993

2, 398, 114

2, 398, 443

2, 399, 096

2, 399, 984

2, 402, 084

2, 404, 650

2, 404, 944

2, 413, 492

Subject

Automatic reamer for keeping orifice of thermal reduction furnace free of sludge

carrying metal powder. See 2,328,202. Metallic magnesium by reduction and

vaporization of magnesium oxide with

carbon. High density compressible iron powder

produced by controlled oxidation and

reduction of iron powder.

Metallic oxide ores are reduced directly to pure metal powder by apparatus which

reduces powdered metal carried in suspension of hydrocarbon gas, then separates

metal out. Finely divided magnesium oxide mixed with

finely divided calcium silicide are heated to produce metallic magnesium powder.

Apparatus for reducing finely divided metallic ores. Finely divided metal compounds or ores are reduced and prevented from sintering in furnace which agitates charge and maintains good contact of charge with reducing

gas. Powdered ores of zinc and magnesium are reduced by heating with finely divided carbon to produce metals. Tungsten ore is powdered and then roasted

prior to the extraction of pure tungsten.

A method and apparatus for making ferro- pentacarbonyl, useful in making finely divided iron for magnetic cores. A method to produce nodules or balls of iron with greater or lesser slag inclusion by

reduction of metallic oxide. Production of molybdenum by reduction of molybdenum trioxide. Production of magnesium powder from magnesium ores by reduction. Production of magnesium containing mixtures for use in the preparation of magnesium metal by reduction. Method and Apparatus for gaseous reduction

of iron oxide to form metal powder.

Powdered molybdenum trioxide in boats is reduced by H2 to produce pure molybdenum which is also (presumably) in granular form when reduction is completed.

A kiln for producing powdered iron by the

reduction of iron oxide. An apparatus for reducing finely divided

metallic ores by reducing gases. Pure iron powder is produced by digesting

low grade ore with sulphuric acid, evaporating the sulphate solution, calcining the

crystals, washing out impurities, reducing

and powdering the recovered iron.
Powder Metallurgy 25

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS

1. Coating Individual Grains of Powder, With Metallic or Nonmetallic Coatings

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Sachs, et al

Edison

Hardy

Hardy

Drapeau, Jr., et al.

Mantell

Drapeau, Jr., et al.

Drapeau, Jr., et al. Lebedeff

Carney

Shaw, et al

Balke, et al Drapeau, et al Cooke

Castor

521, 992

839, 371

2, 155, 592

2, 155, 593

2, 173, 100

2, 182, 567

2, 216, 769

2, 216, 770

2, 253, 632

2, 273, 832

2, 286, 237

2, 289, 897

2, 294, 895

2, 374, 331

2, 398, 517

Metal powder with core of one metal and

shell of another made by immersing core

in solution of a salt of a metal more electro- negative.

Battery grid pocket material is made by

coating 20-60 mesh nickel hydroxide with

adhesive, then flake-like metallic nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt or graphite.

Refrigerator tray, etc., made by impregnating porous metal powder with repellent

substance, which prevents congealed liquid

from adhering to metal by freezing. Ice cube tray comprising wax impregnated

aluminum powder.

Dry, non-segregating free-flowing metal

powder containing liquid non-reactive therewith in quantity 0.0025 to 0.03 percent by weight.

Metal powder particles having cores and

coatings of dissimilar metals produced by

electrolysis.

Carbonizable liquid or plastic solid is intro- duced in copper and other metal powders

to form metal powder coated with carbon

film. Powdered metal, coated with organic compound, is heated to carbonize compound.

Finely divided lead is produced by treating

molten lead particles with stearic acid to prevent coalescence. Metal powder for molding having core of high melting point metal coated with low

melting point metal.

Particles of copper powder are given a

surface alloy coating of copper with other more electropositive metal.

Steel powder is plated with iron. Treating copper metal powders for stability

by coating particles with film of metallic

tin. Coating finely divided mica with aluminum

in sealed chamber.

A method of coating finely divided particles

with metal consisting of an evacuated

chamber and means for generating a metal vapor in the chamber; then allowing

powdered metal to fall through the vapor

in the chamber.
26 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDRES—Con.

2. Classifying, Separating and Purifying Metal Powders

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Work__.

Moebius

Greene.. Marden_

Schwarz.

Stout.

Thurneyssen.

Mitchell.

194, 797

480, 956

597, 113

1, 665, 635

1, 739, 992

1, 822, 939

Monson_

Doom

Bucher__

Hanson__

Lausberg.

1, 961, 065

2, 007, 545

2, 030, 357

2, 040, 804

2, 050, 319

2, 068, 296

Magnetic ore separator for separating brass

filings from iron and steel cutting tool

particles. Bullion in powder form containing silver and

gold produced from an amalgam which has been comminuted, and the base metals

oxidized and leached therefrom.

Plate for collecting gold dust and powder

from auriferous sand, made of zinc, mercury and metallic sodium.

Readily oxidizable metal powder such as uranium purified by washing with alcohol

in which is dissolved an acid which will form, with impurities in metal powder,

compounds soluble in the alcohol. Mixed shavings of white and red metals are separated by heating and first drawing off greater part of molten white metal, cooling

residue, scouring white metal by hard red metal to produce a fine white powder

separable from red particles mechanically.

Shotted, copper, broken cathode copper, etc.

is billetted and treated with cleansing gas

at temperature below melting point of copper, then heated and pressed to a solid mass.

Iron is removed from a less readily oxidized metal by atomizing the alloy , oxidizing the

iron, and treating the resulting powder to remove the oxide. The process is repeated

and pure metal separated.

Granulated tin-iron alloy is prepared for treatment with a chloridizing agent to remove tin as tin chloride. Tin and iron oxides in granular form may be reduced

and kept granular by temperature and

agitation for further treatment. Dry dross of 70 to 80 percent anitmony, and

an antimonial lead alloy is produced in mixed powder and particle form in recovering antimony from antimonial lead. Tin is removed from columbium alloys by

introducing silicon into alloy, comminuting and leaching the alloy. Berryllium spangles or finely divided metal

powder produced by using alkali salt of weak acid to dissolve beryllium hydroxide

and purify beryllium. In freeing scrap-radiator alloy of copper from

residue of tin and lead, granulated and

powdered forms of the alloy are roasted to oxidize the copper so it may be removed

by leaching.

From Monel metal scrap, in H2 S04 , copper

is precipitated at temperatures above

100° C and under increased pressure.
Powder Metallurgy 27

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

2. Classifying, Separating and Purifying Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

9 Uo*, 1

Austin _ _ _ 2, 107, 277 Kemmer 2, 130, 886

Richter _ _ _ 2, 145, 433

Mann_ _ _ _ 2, 237, 867

Fahrenwald _ 2, 293, 939

Gentil 2, 312, 811 Stewart 2, 324, 960

Q9^ SSI

Wiegand _ 2, 328, 240

IVT q "fV» i on 398

Holmes _ 2, 331, 395

Frantz 2, 331, 769

2, 332, 403

Rathjens 2, 334, 217 Davis 2, 336, 470

Followill, et al 2, 338, 501 Ogg 2, 341, 805

Guyard.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 342, 733

Subject

Copper powder-containing sludge from cop- per wire-drawing machine is treated with

noncorrosive solvent and separated by- centrifugal filter. Hydrogenated powder heated to exhaust

gases in recovering commercial tantalum

from scrap.

Distillation of metals or metal powders and

recovery of the metal in coherent form by

condensation. In separating tin and other constituents of

alloys, the alloy to be treated may be

pulverized to 200-mesh size before further treatment. Sponge iron powder made by processing de- carburized steel scrap.

Silica free iron powder produced by passing gaseous hydrofluoric acid over iron oxide

ore or sponge iron in the furnace before

reduction. Recovering pure metals by distillation and

condensation in furnaces. Recovery of copper powder from wire-mill

sludge.

Device for separating particles of different

densities, such as recovering fine gold from

sand, in which eddy currents are eliminated. In a system for grinding hard metals,

abrasives, etc. to 200 mesh size, e. g., a

device is provided for classifying particles.

Recovery of metals, such as magnesium,

from natural gas in electric furnace by

thermal reduction in vacuum.

Electrolytic recovery of metals, such as anti- mony from tetrahedrite concentrate. Magnetic separator for removing iron and

iron-bearing particles from stream of dry

materials. Recovery of zinc dust from byproducts of galvanizing operations.

Method and apparatus for separating, seg- regating and contacting metal powders.

Separation of powdered metals of different

specific gravities.

Apparatus for magnetically separating precious metal particles.

Recovery of zinc by indirect heating in retort mixture of zinc oxide, carbonaceous

material and silicon powder.

Pulverized bismuth-lead-arsenic alloy is treated with nitric acid eventually producing precipitated metallic bismuth and

lead nitrate.
28 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

2. Classifying, Separating and Purifying Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

Rothgarn_

Kellerman

Bierly

Hay

Williams,.

Wulff

Griffiths. _

Kalischer_

Truesdale.

Boehler___

Boehler___

Merle

Kroll

Johnson __

Trent.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 343, 803

2, 348, 479

2, 349, 697

2, 352, 096

2, 356, 717

2, 371, 665

2, 372, 321

2, 379, 158

2, 389, 701

2, 392, 636

2, 392, 637

2, 395, 286

2, 396, 792

2, 396, 793

2, 396, 794

2, 398, 792

2, 407, 752

Subject

Apparatus for dry separation of heavy

mineral particles such as gold, from broken

up ore material. Ore separating apparatus especially adapted

for use in separating gold or other heavy

metals from crushed ore, etc. Producing selenium powder by eliminating

impurities from selenium-containing

solution. Separation of copper from metals electro- positive to copper by treating aqueous

acid solution of copper and metal salt. Separation and recovery of suspended particles such as powdered catalysts from

vapors or gases by adding ammonia and

subjecting to electrostatic separation.

Classifying metal powders which comprises

producing white cast iron powder and

subjecting to magnetic separation.

Apparatus for separating stainless steel particles from abrasive particles employed

in grinding operation.

Apparatus for determining particle size characteristics of powdered material, particularly metal powders.

Pneumatic sizer for metal powders, particularly zinc dust. A method of determining the fineness of almost any finely comminuted substance. A method and application for determining

the surface of comminuted material. Aluminum powder is used in a process for chemically purifying and refining metal. Impure Nickel or nickel alloys are purified

by a displacement reaction by suspending

the powdered metal in a molten metal

chloride bath or by heating compacted

mixtures of the powdered metal and

powdered salt in an inert atmosphere.

An electorstatic process of separating fine powdered material by classifying according to their differences in specific gravity,

magnetic permeability, electrostatic susceptibility, or particle shape.

Hard metal carbides are recovered from

coarse crushed scrap material; the scrap

is fused with zinc, the product is cooled,

and the alloy is removed by a solvent, leaving behind the hard particles.
Powder Metallurgy 29

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

3. Molding, Compressing or Briquetting, Bonding, and

Sintering or Heat-Treating for These Purposes

Patentee

U. S. Patent No. Subject

-Glass Lowendahl

Weintraub, et al__ Trenzen

Pfanstiehl.-

Pfanstiehl

Pfanstiehl Pfanstiehl

Duryea, et al Montgomery

Hunt

TSakken

Hentschler, et al__ Pirani

Cooper

Reinhardt, et al _ _ Balke

Beckmann

Xoenig, et al

737128—47—

1, 008, 254

1, 051, 814

1, 071, 488

1, 074, 993

1, 282, 122

1, 305, 975

1, 315, 859

1, 321, 125

1, 371, 671

1, 510, 745

1, 555, 978

1, 594, 347

1, 648, 962

1, 747, 133

1, 775, 589

1, 878, 539

1, 905, 882

1, 918, 893

1, 919, 730

Metals containing copper briquetted by

treating with ammonia in presence of copper oxide, pressing and heating.

Manufacturing porous • metal blocks by

pressing and heating metallic powder

commingled with ammonium nitrate. Apparatus and process for sintering powdered boron into coherent rods. Tungsten is rendered ductile by heating

amorphous metal to high temperature and

pressing it at moment of heating when

metal would crystallize. Metal may be

in form of sintered bar. Ductile tunsten is produced by compressing

tungsten powder to critical point and

heating.

Tungsten powder compressed by applying

pressure; then relieving pressure to allow uniform expansion.

Fine tungsten powder is compressed under

high pressure. Tungsten and like metals compressed by

placing powder between metallic cup and

a die; subjecting interior of cup to fluid pressure, expanding and thus compressing

powder.

Pressure applied to metallic particles sud- denly raised to high degree in briquetting.

More compact briquette produced by series of compressing operations.

Metal stock produced by subjecting mixture

of comminuted metals to high pressure. Pure sublimed magnesium in crystalline form

whose particles are discrete may be worked

into wire after heating under pressure and

extruding.

Compact body of uranium powder heated in vacuum to specific temperature.

Manufacturing bodies of great density by

pressing and sintering tungsten powder

and zirconium oxide powder.

Comminuted beryllium pressed into coherent body and melted under nonreactive molten

flux. Ferrous articles made by heating cold- molded sponge iron. Columbium compressed into bar after electrical reduction from ore. Producing porous body comprising finely divided metals or brasses dispersed in porous matrix. Producing porous metals comprising heating

into a foam and drying mixture of metal

powders, liquid and foam producing agent.
30 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

3. Molding, Compressingor Briquetting, Bonding, andSintering

or Heat-Treating for These Purposes—Continued

Patentee

Short Walter

Calkins

Calkins, et al__.

Duftschmid

Hardy

Hardy

Schellens

Schulz

Conway

Weitzenkorn__.

Burkhardt

Graham

Tietig.

Hardy

Patterson, et al Drapeau, et al_

Bolesky, et al_.

Koehring

U. S. Patent No.

1, 922, 402

1, 925, 292

1, 927, 626

1, 958, 704

1, 969, 396

2, 001, 134

2, 027, 532

2, 042, 635

2, 082, 126

2, 100, 537

2, 111, 344

2, 122, 053

2, 123, 416

2, 133, 761

2, 134, 366

2, 175, 850

2, 181, 123

2, 182, 741

2, 187, 086

Subject

Articles briquetted from finely divided metals sintered. Bodies to be sintered moved past heating

surfaces of electric furnace with constant movement of rotation. Producing porous metallic material by sin- tering briquette of powdered copper and

iron in sodium aluminum fluoride bath. Producing porous metal structure comprising

powdered tin, copper and graphite and

lubricating agent comprising powdered

boracic acid. Producing porous metallic articles by sin- tering layers of metal powders of different compositions.

Producing objects from metal powders

coated with metallic soap which is decomposed by sintering.

Making articles from metal powders by compressing without drying after washing.

Producing porous metal body employing

metal particles coated with films of lower- melting-point metal. Manufacturing porous metallic bodies by

sintering mixture of metal powders of large particles with metal powders of small particles.

Metal articles similar to wrought iron made

by hot working compacted scrap or iron powder, the particles of which have been

coated with oxide. Making metallic briquettes utilizing as a

binder a metalliferous product which is of value in manufacture of iron and steel. Manufacturing porous metallic bodies by

sintering metal powders.

Method of extruding metals and alloys by

coalescence of particles.

Making porous metal objects by reducing

mixture of dissimilar metal powders and

metal oxide. Producing metal sheets by pressure exerted by spaced rolls on metal powders.

Manufacture of steel objects by compression

and heat treatment of metal powders.

Compressibility of powdered metals improved by treatment comprising mechanical deformation and heating.

Making porous metal articles by heating

briquette of metal powders and powdered

vegetable material having natural oil content. Making sintered porous metallic elements from noncompacted metal powder and

solid lubricant.
Powder Metallurgy 31

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

3. Molding, Compressingor Briquetting, Bonding, andSintering

or Heat-Treating for These Purposes—Continued

Patentee

Lenel

Koehring.

Lenel

Kurtz

Schlecht, et al. Hardy

Klinker

Davis, et al.

Gertler Jones Koehring

Kurtz

Lenel Berghaus, et al. Berghaus

Hildabolt

Hardy

Goetzel.

Boegehold.

Wellman _

.

Marvin

Goetzel

U. S. Patent No.

Koehring, et al.

2, 187, 589

2, 190, 237

2, 191, 936

2, 192, 792

2, 198, 042

2, 198, 612

2, 200, 369

2, 203, 895

2, 206, 395

2, 215, 723

2, 217, 802

2, 219, 423

2, 226, 520

2, 227, 176

2, 227, 177

2, 227, 308

2, 228, 600

2, 235, 835

2, 238, 382

2, 240, 971

2, 241, 095

2, 247, 370

2, 251, 410

Subject

Making porous iron articles by sintering

briquette of powdered iron. Making porous metal structure by sintering

loose metal powders on strong metal back. Manufacturing porous iron articles by sin- tering briquettes of sponge iron and

carbon. Briquettes sintered in molten metal bath

which impregnates them.

Producing porous metal bodies by sintering

metal powders of iron group. Compression of metal powders in mold at less-than-atmospheric pressures. Metallic molding powders produced by sintering, in reducing atmosphere, a mixture

of a powdered metal and oxide-coated

powder, and regrinding.

Briquettes containing carbonaceous material heated in oxidizing atmosphere; heated in reducing atmosphere for sintering.

Producing malleable metal from chromium

and other metal powders.

Producing porous precious metal articles by

sintering metal powders.

Mold containing metal powder heated in sintering furnace having nonoxidizing

atmosphere.

Method of forming porous metal articles by

sintering briquetted metal powders.

Making porous iron articles of composition

of iron and phosphorus using iron powder.

Pressed metal bodies sintered in vacuum with

inactive gas. Similar to 2,227,176 except sintering is done

in a sealed electrically conducting housing.

Making porous cored metal objects by sin- tering metal powders in suitable mold. Metal particles bonded by alternating currents of high frequency during diffusion welding. Desirable temperature for heat treatment of metal powders determined by influence on

alternating current. Forming objects of ferrous metals by compressing and sintering powdered iron and

iron carbide. * Method of spreading powdered material uni- formly in mold for compressing.

Making porous metal structures by sintering

metal powders on supporting member.

Similar to 2,235,835 except apparatus is pro- vided with a "clock catch" to regulate

temperature.

Second metal powder layer briquetted di- rectly on porous plated metal.
32 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

3. Molding, CompressingorBriquetting, Bonding, andSintering

or Heat-Treating for These Purposes—Continued

Patentee

Brassert.

Whipple.

Hardy

Calkins, et al.

Pecker, et al_ Olt

Boegehold.

Lenel

Marvin.

Hull.

Linz.

Linz. Shaw.

.

Bowen.

Grob..

Wagenhals.

Patterson..

Koehring__

U. S. Patent No.

2, 252, 697

2, 253, 003

2, 259, 465

2, 267, 372

2, 271, 091

2, 273, 589

2, 289, 571

2, 291, 734

2, 293, 843

2, 298, 885

2, 302, 615

2, 302, 616

2, 309, 018

2, 310, 061

2, 311, 940

2, 323, 169

2, 326, 163

2, 327, 804

Subject

Metal objects produced by pressing and

working, without melting, reduced sponge

iron particles or other metal. Uniform compression of finely divided substances obtained by plungers in mold

cavity.

Forming objects by compression and/or heat treatment of metal powders.

Producing window screen material comprising compressing and sintering comminutee

metal. Apparatus and method of sintering materials

in greatly reduced area. Making porous metal bodies by attaching

low melting constituent metal directly to surface of high melting constituent metal. Sintered bronze articles from powdered copper-tin alloy. Highly porous ferrous articles produced by

heating mixture of iron powder and

another metal powder, such as nickel, to which phosphorus has been added. Porous metal sheet material having each side of different porosity made by sintering

segregated metal powders on supporting

surface. High density sintered products employing

flexible pad placed on top of pressed metal

powders before sintering to prevent soft spots. Briquette comprising mixing and compressing molybdenum trioxide powder and iron powder.

Briquette comprising mixing and compressing tungstic dioxide, tungstic oxide and

metallic tungsten, and iron powders.

Composite element comprising porous metal

layer bonded to a more dense metal layer. Porous metal parts comprising die lubricant,

in form of metal salt, mixed with metal

powder and sintered. Machine for forming solid briquettes from

cast iron chips, the briquettes being given a "skin" to preserve center portion of briquette from oxidation during subse- quent melting.

Bonding refractory metal powders to base metal by a film of low welding temperature

alloy or metal. Furnace adapted to treatment of metal

powders in solid state with various gaseous

treating agents. Sintering powdered metal briquettes in fur- nace in controlled atmosphere.
Powder Metallurgy 33

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

3. Molding, CompressingorBriquetting, Bonding, andSintering

or Heat-Treating for These Purposes—Continued

Patentee

Koehring

Mann

Hensel, et al.

Stern

Olt

Cremer

Marino

Cutler Marvin

Olt

Ellis Cremer

Agnew

Jones

Ernest, et al_

Harris

Hartley, et al

Pecker, et al_ Goetzel

U. S. Patent No.

2, 327, 805

2, 330, 438

2, 331, 909

2, 332, 277

2, 332, 746

2, 336, 982

2, 338, 344

2, 338, 491

2, 341, 732

2, 341, 739

2, 341, 860

2, 342, 037

2, 343, 270

2, 343, 978

2, 348, 197

2, 348, 294

2, 349, 266

2, 350, 971

2, 352, 316

Subject

Bonding together powdered iron by sintering

with a lower melting point metal.

Sintering metal powders wherein sintering is accomplished by heat obtained from

molten metal. Producing toothed parts, such as gears, sprocket wheels and racks, from metal

powders.

Briquetting fine magnesium or magnesium

alloy scrap, such as turnings. Porous material which comprises distributing

metal powders upon metallic strip material and simultaneously grooving metal powder. Press particularly adapted to the compression of metal powders to form coherent mass of predetermined shape.

Sintering mixture of copper, tin and tungsten

powders.

Compressing metal powders in mold cavity

with plunger.

Manufacture of porous metal sheets by

sintering metal powders which have been

compacted between belts. Making cylindrical porous articles by dis- tributing metal powders into cylindrical

form, and holding in place centrifugally while sintering.

Chambered metallic fitting made by forming

a composite briquette of the different work pieces from metal powders.

Compression of metal powders in die which

comprises lining die with metal flakes, such as aluminum, copper and brass, to make ejection of compact body easier. Apparatus for sintering metal powders.

Process of compressing and heat treating brass or bronze powders to form nonporous articles having high tensile strength

and elongation.

Apparatus for molding granular material having top and bottom member movable

relative to mold. Wind box for sintering machines for metal

powders.

Producing iron or steel product by heating

compacted powder of iron ore containing

sulfur, phosphorus, titanium or silicon. Forming articles of dry metal powders in layers by pressure welding.

Shaped bodies resembling steel formed by

sintering pure iron powder, carbon and

steel under cover of coherent refractory mass.
34 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

3. Molding, Compressing or Briquetting, Bonding, andSintering

or Heat-Treating for These Purposes—Continued

Patentee

Koehring

Cremer

Misfeldt

Kurtz Talmage

Koehring

Vignos

Ross Lum

Morris

Linz

Boegehold, et al

Crowley

Goetzel

Fuller Thomas

Marvin

Naratil

Toulmin, Jr

U. S. Patent No.

2, 354, 523

2, 355, 954

2, 356, 338

2, 357, 407

2, 360, 528

2, 362, 701

2, 363, 371

2, 372, 605

2, 376, 706

2, 379, 540

2, 381, 675

2, 382, 601

2, 386, 544

2, 386, 604

2, 387, 013

2, 389, 566

2, 390, 160

2, 391, 588

2, 393, 130

Subject

Apparatus for sintering metal powders

wherein metal parts are rotated relative to walls of furnace for equalizing temper

ature of metal powders.

Apparatus for sintering metal powders having die wall coated with flat-lying over- lapping metal flakes having thereon leafing

agent of insulating character. Method of making extrusion moldings of metal which comprises heating and forcing

through restricted orifice and directing into mold.

Method of briquetting metal powders in die having cavity therein. Apparatus for briquetting metal powders.

Apparatus for hot pressing metal powders.

Forming briquettes from finely divided

metallic substances using binding agent

produced by exothermic chemical reaction. Apparatus for hot pressing metal powders.

Briquetting, sintering and treating metal

powders with vinyl compounds.

Ram for compacting metal powders in a die, having a striking face of toothed form

which is rotated simultaneously with

blows of the ram.

Small amounts of powdered metals may be

added to metallic oxides to produce self- reducing briquettes for use in alloying.

Method of sintering powdered iron articles using mill scale and powdered white iron

or steel. Method of molding lightweight metallic bodies from powdered metals, resin and

stearic acid. Metal powders are molded into a body under

pressure by a series of compacting steps. Turncock may be molded by sintering metal

powders under pressure. Apparatus for controlling the feed of fine solids in a sintering machine.

Hollow cylindrical objects are formed from

noncompacted metal powder that is mixed

into a slurry with a binder and rotated in a heated shell. Finely divided roasted zinc sulfide ore is prepared for sintering by a method possibly applicable to other materials. Charge

is formed into coherent flakes, wetted, and

pelleted.

A method and apparatus for hot pressing

metal powders.
Powder Metallurgy 35

III. HANDLING AND WORKING METAL POWDERS—Con.

Molding, Compressingor Briquetting, Bonding, andSintering

or Heat-Treating for These Purposes—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Bellamy.

Rasmussen__

Allison Langhammer

Grene

2, 397, 831

2, 398, 719

2, 407, 123

2, 411, 379

2, 412, 145

Metallic particles mixed with a vaporizable

temporary binder and a hydrated metal

hydroxide capable of forming colloidallike suspensions are formed into a molded

article, and heated in a reducing atmosphere.

A method of making porous metal articles of controlled density by shaping a briquetting die for a different contour than the

article ultimately desired and then sizing the article. A press for use in powder metallurgy.

An apparatus for making briquettes from

powdered metal materials. An apparatus for heat-treating metal powders or small particles.

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS

1. Alloy Powders

Riker

Sang

Heskett

Veazy

Short, et al_ _

.

Schlecht, et al

Alexander

Boegehold

Wulff

Wulff

336, 590

946, 738

1, 680, 825

1, 992, 549

2, 041, 493

2, 287, 771

2, 289, 569

2, 356, 807

2, 359, 401

Powdered metal alloy produced by uniting metals and continuously agitating combined mass. Manufacturing brass dust by heating mixture of copper dust and zinc dust. Powdered metal alloy produced by compounding metals of different melting

points and allowing to cool, effecting self- disintegration. Metallic nickel and magnesium are heated

until enough magnesium is absorbed to make nickel pulverizable.

Producing powdered iron and zinc alloy by

heating and agitating treatment. Producing pulverulent alloys of metals capable of forming metal carbonyls by thermal

decomposition of carbonyl mixture and

heating particles coated with "substance

hindering fritting together" (such as re- fractory substance)

.

Producing finely divided powdered alloys by

decomposition of powdered metal mixtures. Producing low melting point alloy powders

by briquetting and sintering powder

mixture. Producing alloy powders from contaminated

alloy powders which comprises heating in annealing range in fused salt bath. Alloy steel powder consisting of steel powder

homogeneously admixed with copper powder.
36 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Alloy Powders—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No. Subject

Wulff 2, 361, 443

2, 368, 282

2, 370, 396

Stainless steel powder produced from alloysr such as chromium-nickel, aluminum-magnesium, etc. Stainless steel powder produced from grinding residues of alloy steel casting industry.

Steel powder comprising fritted agglomerates

formed by heat treatment of iron particles

and ferrous alloy particles containing car- bon. Producing high speed steel powder by disintegrating and decarburizing ferrous metal

alloy. Powdered brass having core of brass of

relatively high zinc content and integral case of lower zinc content.

Wulff Cordiano

Tholand 2, 372, 696

Wulff 2, 373, 158

2. Alloys Made by Compressing and Heating, Sintering or Reducing Mixed Powdered Constituents

Canda

Polte

Gesner

Bontempi__.

Kuzel

Tone

Ladoff

Kreusler Kaiser

Ladoff

Fahrenwald

Deppeler__

304, 500

735, 293

815,419

835, 495

912, 246

929, 518

1, 040, 699

1, 110, 303

1, 167, 827

1, 221, 873

1, 236, 384

1, 350, 709

Solidified compound metals comprising metal

powders produced by welding or soldering

with heat and under pressure. Making articles of wolfram and lead by

forcing particles together and pressing into shape.

Production of articles consisting of particles of alloy of iron and hydrogen compressed

and fired. Powdered iron-hydrogen alloy shaped, compressed, heated, and impregnated with

metalliferous material. Manufacture of alloys comprising metal

powders by precipitation.

Treating aluminum-silicate ores to produce a

silicon and iron alloy in which finely divided iron may be used in the furnace

charge.

Producing alloy from powdered oxides of metals by heating in reducing atmosphere.

Powdered metals, such as tungsten and

nickel, mixed with agglutinant and heated. Third metal added to powdered mixture of two metals before sintering to increase

ductility. Similar to 1,040,699 except that small quantity of compound, with lower reducing

temperature, is added during process. Producing alloy of tungsten and molybdenum

by compacting powdered mixture, sintering, forging, and mechanical cold working.

Alloy of tungsten formed by compressing

tungsten powder into tablets and adding

to alloying metal.
Powder Metallurgy 37

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Alloys Made by Compressing and Heating, Sintering or Reducing Mixed Powdered Constituents—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent Xo.

Subject

Keyes

Laise Williams

McMahon. _

Gero

Boving

Marden

Cooper

Ramage

Heany

Smith

Smith

Davey

Walter

race Hardy

Kempf, et al Hensel, et al

Willey

Schwarzkopf

Welch

1, 377, 982

1, 418, 081

1, 453, 057

1, 506, 246

1, 566, 793

1, 636, 763

1, 731, 255

1, 732, 326

1, 741, 953

1, 759, 454

1, 775, 358

1, 793, 757

1, 829, 635

1, 856, 607

1, 916, 410

1, 922, 038

1, 944, 183

2, 128, 089

2, 147, 329

2, 148, 040

2, 152, 006

Molded moistened bar of molybdenumtungsten dried, heated and passed through

hydrogen in manufacturing molybdenumtungsten alloy. Alloy produced by reducing oxide mixture of metals and heating under pressure.

Iron, steel and steel allo3rs produced by re- ducing iron oxide to powder and treating. Steel alloy material produced by heating

mixture of powdered electroyltic metal

with metal-containing material. Alloying rare metals by coating particles

with volatile protecting agent and sintering.

Alloy produced by molding mixture of metal powders in presence of gas under

pressure. Producing tungsten alloy by compressing

and sintering.

Alloys of thorium and refractory metal pro- duced by processing powder mixtures. Tungsten-tantalum alloy formed from treat- ing mixtures of their oxides. Producing alloy comprising powdered ura- nium oxide. Finely divided iron united with other metals under temperature and pressure. Iron alloys formed by compressing and heating powdered metals. Reducing mixture of metal compounds to form alloy. Producing sintered alloy comprising mixing

vegetable oil, as binding material, with

metal powders before pressing and sin- tering.

Forming alloys between refractory metal and

chemically reactive, volatile metal, by

treating powdered metals. Manufacture of stainless metal, including

powder of metal to give desired stainless quality.

Alloy consisting of aluminum and silicon compressed from comminuted materials. Making article of manufacture for use as

alloy addition agent to molten metal comprising chromium powder.

Making wear-resistant metal alloy by treat- ing metal powders.

Producing steel bodies or alloys from

powdered iron and carbon. Producing Hadfield manganese steel articles employing iron- and manganese-containing

powders.
38 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS^Continued

2. Alloys Made by Compressing and Heating, Sintering or Reducing Mixed Powdered Constituents—Continued

Patentee

Cooper.

Schlecht, et al Schlecht, et al Alexander

Smithells Comstock

Howe

Smith

Balke, et, al Schwarzkopf

Koebel

Devereux, et al

Schwarzkopf

Kirkham

Sanders, et al Jones

Brassert

Bernstorff, et al Linz

Linz

Kelly

Devereux Dean

vanWert

U. S. Patent

No.

2, 156, 802

2, 159, 231

2, 159, 604

2, 163, 224

2, 183, 359

2, 188, 873

2, 192, 741

2, 193, 435

2, 205, 386

2, 205, 865

2, 205, 888

2, 206, 616

2, 225, 424

2, 260, 226

2, 278, 592

2, 287, 251

2, 291, 685

2, 291, 865

2, 300, 943

2, 300, 944

2, 307, 512

2, 312, 324

2, 329, 698

2, 330, 018

Subject

Making lead alloys by reducing, compressing

and sintering lead oxide and reducible metal. Producing nickel alloy articles comprising

powdered nickel by treatment. Producing metallic articles from alloys employing metal powders by processing.

Producing metal alloys by treating metal

powders.

Heavy metallic material produced by ce- menting together large grains of tungsten

by tungsten-nickel-copper alloy. Making articles from powdered components

by heat treatment. Making sintered alloy with metal powders.

Finely divided iron alloyed by using acid slag

Producing metals and alloys by interaction

of metal oxide and metal carbide. Producing alloys by molding, heating and

extruding mixtures of metal powders.

Setting for diamonds composed of alloy

comprising metal powders.

Producing osmium composition by mixing,

pressing together and heating powdered

osmium and lower melting point metal. Producing steel alloys from powdered metals by processes of densifying, extruding,

heating and solidifying.

Method of introducing powdered alloying

metal into molten metal. Producing alloy by molding metal powders.

Manufacture of nonporous metal articles by

compacting metal powders under pressure. Briquettes of ferro-manganese produced by

reducing mixtures of powdered ores and

pressing.

Metal alloy comprising heating powdered

reactive metal and less reactive metal. Alloying molybdenum with ferrous alloys

by heating, adding powdered aluminum

as reducing agent.

Alloying tungsten with ferrous alloys by

heating, adding powdered aluminum as reducing agent. Adding tungsten powder to copper melt in making copper base precipitation hardening alloys. Osmium alloy comprising pressing _ and

sintering osmium powder and platinum

powder.

Manganese alloys produced by compressing

and heating mixture of metal powders.

Alloy comprising copper, nickel and alu- minum powders used in thermocouple

element.
Powder Metallurgy 39

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Alloys Made by Compressing and Heating, Sintering or Reducing Mixed Powdered Constituents—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Kalischer Deppeler

Gardner

Hensel, et al Udy

Patterson Udy

Gregg, et al Toleik Boegehold, et al

2, 333, 573

2, 337, 314

2, 353, 612

2, 362, 007

2, 362, 512

2, 368, 943

2, 370, 608

2, 378, 548

2, 383, 026

2, 402, 120

Making steel by compressing and sintering

metal powders.

Manufacture of alloys which comprises

contacting molten metal bath with highly

compressed pellets of a thermit containing

aluminum as a reducing agent.

Producing alloys from crushed beryllium

and manganese. Copper-chromium alloys which comprise

sintering copper, chromium and phosphorous powders.

Producing low-carbon ferro-chromium and

other chromium-bearing alloys from finely divided ores. Brass objects produced by compression of copper and zinc powders, and small amount of phosphorus.

Producing ferro-alloy product for use in production of alloy steel and iron by

chilling and granulating molten ferro- chromium.

Adding bismuth in finely divided form to

steel to improve machining characteristics. Metal powders are used in preparing alu- minum alloy. An iron powder mixture particularly adapted

for the formation of sintered iron articles.

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.

Kuzel

Potter iebmann, et al Liebmann, et al

Baumhauer

Schroter

Schroter

899, 875

1, 030, 327

1, 343, 976

1, 343, 977

1, 512, 191 Reissue

17,624 of 1,549,615.

1, 551, 333

Peptisating coagulated colloids of refractory metals so they have a high agglomerating

power for metal powders.

Producing carbosilicon using silicon carbide and silicon. Process of hardening refractory metals to be

used as substitute for diamonds.

Producing hard material to be used as substitute for diamonds by pressing, baking and sintering refractory metal powder

and powdered carbon. Porous sintered tungsten carbide tool impregnated with molten metal. Producing hard metal alloy using tungstic carbide and lower melting point metal. Tools or dies made from sintered refractory

metal powders and surface hardened by

heating in an atmosphere containing vapors of carbon or boron compounds.
40 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc. —Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Laise

Schroter

Schroter McKenna

Diener

Schrobsdorff _

.

Gilson

Schroter, et al Kiernan

Adams

Hoyt

Kelley

Hoyt

Walter

Gebauer

Walter

Mills

Strauss Comstock

Taylor

1, 633, 258

1, 721, 416

1, 728, 909

1, 737, 255

1, 740, 009

1, 742, 417

1, 756, 857

1, 757, 846

1, 760, 413

1, 775, 014

1, 794, 229

1, 794, 300

1, 803, 189

1, 803, 882

1, 809, 780

1, 811, 068

1, 812, 357

1, 812, 811

1, 815, 613

1, 819, 927

Producing refractory metal alloy comprising

compressed tungsten and decomposed

refractory metal nitride and a base metal. Hard metal composition comprising powdered tungsten carbide and auxiliary metal. Making tools from hard metal alloys comprising mixture of hard metal carbide powder and soft metal. Producing alloy comprising tungsten carbide and beryllium. Tools made by subjecting powdered carbon

containing tungsten to heat and pressure. Cutting, etc. tools are cast from an alloy

made from powdered tantalum and a metal

that does not combine with carbon. Producing hard metal composition comprising powdered tungsten, carbon, and iron element. Producing hard and rigid bodies of any

desired shape from carbides, alloys, etc. Producing zirconium articles by compacting

and sintering substantially pure zirconium

powder.

Hard metal composition made by pressing

and sintering tungsten carbide and cobalt, iron or nickel powders.

Producing hard metal composition comprising powdered tungsten carbide and ce- menting metal. Producing hard metal composition comprising tungsten carbide and cobalt. Hard metal sintered composition comprising

boron carbide, cobalt and tungsten.

Metal composition comprising sintering

tungsten nitride and bringing in contact with molten metal. Producing formed metallic articles of great hardness from metal powders.

Alloy comprising powdered, mixed, compressed and sintered aggregate of tungsten

carbonitride and auxiliary metal. Manufacture of tungsten carbide in electric arc furnace using divided tungsten and

divided tungsten carbide. Sintered hard metal alloy comprising tungsten carbide and cobalt. Sintered aggregate of finely divided tungsten

carbide embedded in a matrix formed of

finely divided alloy steel. Metal stencil comprising sintered composition of tungsten carbide and cobalt.
Powder Metallurgy 41

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Welch

Taylor

Comstock

Comstock

Comstock

Comstock, et al_

.

Voigtlander, et al

Kelley

Welch

Woods, et al Lohmann

Hoyt

McKenna

Laise

Laise

Walter

Sessions

U. S. Patent No.

1, 822, 426

1, 823, 709

1, 826, 454

1, 826, 455

1, 826, 456

1, 826, 457

1, 829, 950

1, 831, 567

1, 833, 099

1, 839, 518

1, 840, 457

1, 843, 768

1, 848, 899

1, 858, 244

1, 858, 300

1, 864, 567

1, 874, 641

Subject

Composition of matter comprising heating

under pressure mixture of tungsten carbide, chromium- and copper-coated cobalt. Producing openings through hard metal

compositions by dissolving quartz stem embedded in hard sintered metallic structure. Finely divided silicon carbide with finely divided nickel or iron as a binding agent

sintered and shaped to form cutting tools. Finely divided tungsten carbide with high

speed steel used as a binder. Finely divided zirconium oxide with nickel used as a binder.

Vitrified zirconium oxide bonded in a matrix

of sintered particles of high-speed steel. Manufacturing carbides of difficultly meltable metals comprising mixing with car- bon and melting in electric carbon furnace. Cemented composition consisting largely of tungsten carbide and manganese as ce- menting material. Method of making cutting tool by coating

tungsten carbide particles with cobalt

prior to pressing and sintering.

Manufacturing tungsten carbide by melting

powdered tungsten and carbon and immersing discharge in liquid bath. Carbide tool alloy formed by mixing powdered metallic oxides with tantalum, forming

into a biiquette and molding.

Producing hard metal composition by mixing, heating, and applying pressure to mixture of powdered tungsten, carbon, and

auxiliary metal of the iron group. Cutting tool and die material made of powdered tungsten (50%) and powdered

columbium and tantalum carbide (50%)

welded together. Substitute for diamonds formed from a mixture of powdered tungsten and silicon bonded with powdered metal of the iron group. Tool alloy formed of tungsten carbide, alumi- num oxide and finely divided metal of the

iron group. Alloy of azotized character containing carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides mixed with

auxiliary metals, iron, nickel, etc., in the powdered state, pressed and sintered. Production of carbide alloy powdeis by re- duction of mixtures of salts of refractory metals such as tungsten, chromium, or molybdenum.
42 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Stoody, et al. McKenna

Genuit

Kropf

Taylor

Agte, et al__.

Petersson. Hoyt

Taylor.

Taylor.

Fetkenheuer.

Taylor

Stoody

Schwarzkopf, et al.

Kelley

Kelley

Balke_.

Krusell.

Kelley.

U. S. Patent No.

1, 876, 175

1, 892, 653

1, 893, 078

1, 893, 144

1, 895, 354

1, 895, 959

1, 896, 643

1, 904, 049

1, 904, 100

1, £04, 568

1, 910, 532

1, 918, 064

1, 924, 384

1, 925, 910

1, 928, 453

1, 936, 435

1, 937, 185

1, 939, 991

1, 940, 308

Subject

Making metal carbides by sintering mixture

of finely divided metal and paste of carbon

with distilled petroleum oil. Manufacturing composition of matter by

welding together finely divided tungsten

carbide and tantalum. Producing sintered hard metal alloy comcarbide, molybdenum,

high fusion poin+ from

molybdenum and tanpnsmg tungsten

and tantalum. Producing alloy of tungsten carbide, talum. Producing hard-metal composition particularly suitable for cutting tools from powdeied cobalt and oxide of tough metal. Hard alloy made by melting, or pressing and

sintering a powdered titanium carbide and nitride mixture with a small percent

of metal of the iron group. Making tungsten alloys by heat treatment of tungsten carbide and metal oxides. Diamond charged cutting tool bit made from

a mixture of powdered cobalt, powdered

tungsten carbide and diamond dust compacted and sintered. Wheel-dressing tool made of cemented carbides. Making disk-like cutting tools from sintered hard-metal composition consisting largely

of tungsten carbide and cobalt. Tool alloy made from a mixture of powdered

titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, and

powdered cobalt. Method of making strong cemented carbide

discs. Tungsten carbide alloy formed by heating a mix of tungsten powder, nickel, and copper

in a carbon crucible. Tool alloy formed of titanium carbide, molybdenum carbide intimately mixed with an auxiliary metal of the iron group.

Sintered tool bit composed of powdered

tantalum carbide and a binder of cobalt and aluminum.

Sinterea tool bit composed of powdered tan- talum carbide and a powdered binder of tungsten and cobalt. Making hard alloys of tantalum carbide powder.

Making diamond cutting tool comprising

embedding diamond in molded tungsten

carbide and cobalt. Making metal carbides by heating powdered

metal ana carbon in hydrogen atmosphere.
Powder Metallurgy 43

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS--Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Kelley

DeBats

Schwarzkopf

Kelley

Walter

Balke

Welch

Comstock

Moers, et al Duhme, et al Comstock

Comstock DeBats

Schroter

Holzberger

Tigerschiold, et al___ Comstock

JVIcKenna

U. S. Patent No.

1, 947, 206

1, 950, 356

Reissue

22,207 of

1, 959, 879

1, 960, 055

1, 961, 468

1, 968, 067

1, 973, 422

1, 973, 428

1, 973, 441

1, 979, 372

1, 981, 719

1, 982, 857

1, 989, 186

1, 991, 912

1, 992, 372

1, 996, 220

1, 998, 609

2,011, 369

Subject

Sintered tool composition of powdered co- lumbium carbide and a powdered binder of the iron group. Applying cutting surfaces to articles comprising mixture of tungsten carbide and

alloyable metal. Hard metal alloy comprising sintering mixture of two powdered metallic carbides and powdered auxiliary metal. Sintered tool bit composed of powdered tan- talum carbide and columbium carbide with a binder of powdered iron and

molybdenum.

Sintered alloy using a powdered hard double

carbide of chromium-tungsten with a

binder of metal from the iron group. Hard metal alloy produced by uniting

refractory metal powder with boron. Producing hard metal composition by welding together titanium carbide, tungsten

and aluminum.

Sintered tool composition of milled-together

tungsten, tantalum, and titanium car- bides and cobalt. Sintered hard metallic alloys produced by

adding powdered metal to boron carbide. Making hard metal bodies comprising powder of hard metal carbide and powder of binding metal. Hard cemented carbide containing tungsten

carbide, tantalum carbide, alumina and a metal from the group of cobalt, nickel, and

iron. Producing hard cemented carbide materials

for cutting tools by cementing or sintering

metal powders.

Forming rolls for metal rolling machines

having working surfaces of hard alloy of iron nitride by molding, compressing, and

hot working iron nitride powder.

Sintered hard tool alloy of vanadium car- bide and one or both of carbides of tan- talum and niobium, with a binder from

the iron groups. Manufacture of hard metal alloys comprising powder carbides of such metals as titanium. Making tools from sintered hard metal car- bides in powder form. Making hard carbide materials comprising

grinding hard metal carbide. Hard composition of matter comprising

welding particles of tantalum carbide and

tungsten.
44 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Schroter, et al

Walter

McKenna

Fetkenheuer. _ Becker, et al_.

Boecker

Comstock

Walter. __ McKenna

Becker

Schjoth

Laise Wirth

Pinta

Tigerschi61d__

Kelley

Taylor

Schroter, et al

U. S. Patent No.

2, 015, 536

2, 018, 752

2, 021, 576

2, 023, 413

2, 026, 958

2, 027, 763

2, 033, 513

2, 036, 245

2, 039, 822

2, 040, 592

2, 042, 684

2, 044, 853

2, 048, 239

2, 049, 317

2, 051, 972

2, 053, 151

2, 053, 977

2, 059, 041

Subject

Sintered tool alloy of tungsten carbide,

titanium carbide, and a metal from the

iron group.

Sintered alloy of tungsten carbide or car- bonitride, pure tungsten, and a metal of the iron group. Finely powdered tantalum carbide, tungsten

carbide, and zirconium metal welded to- gether under pressure by alternating

current. Making hard metal comprising titanium

carbide in powdered form.

Sintered tool alloy of powdered vanadium

carbide, niobium carbide, or tantalum car- bide added to a powder mixture of tungsten monocarbide and cobalt. Process of making hard sintered metals from metal powders.

Sintered tool alloy of powdered tungsten

carbide, tantalum carbide, cobalt, and

titanium oxide. Sintered alloy of, e. g., azotized tungsten

carbide, tungsten and cobalt. Producing hard composition of matter

wherein particles of tantalum carbide and

tungsten are in welded relation. Sintered alloy of tungsten carbide, one or more of the metals iron, cobalt, and nickel, and hard mixed crystals of carbides or carbides and nitrides of metals of the IV

and V groups of the periodic system.

Producing composition of matter from

metal powders suitable fur cutting tools. Making cutting tools employing refractory

metal oxides and binder metal. Producing sintered alloy of carbon, chro- mium, and tungsten.

Making hard alloy by sintering mixture of at least two hard carbides and metal

binders therefor. Process for producing sintered hard metal

alloys from mixtures of tungsten, titanium

or tantalum with one or more inorganic

compounds of an auxiliary metal. Cemented carbide tool alloy of tantalum

carbide powdered and mixed with a

binder of iron and molybdenum.

Laminated cemented carbide tool bit with

top layer of tantalum carbide bonded to bottom layer of tungsten carbide. Too] alloy of powdered zirconium and powdered boron.
Powder Metallurgy 45

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Balke

Powell, et al Lemaigre

Moers

Kratky

Hinnuber

Reichmann

Laise

Cole, etal

Sturgis

Kratky

Schwarzkopf

Fodor, et al McKenna

McKenna

Balke

737128—47 4

U. S. Patent No.

2, 067, 166

2, 070, 451

2, 074, 847

2, 075, 742

2, 076, 952

2, 077, 239

2, 082, 354

2, 084, 349

2, 088, 838

2, 088, 981

2, 089, 030

2, 091, 017

2, 093, 656

2, 093, 844

2, 093, 845

2, 106, 161

Subject

Producing tantalum carbide alloy comprising deoxidized tantalum carbide and

metal of iron group. Hard metal alloy comprising metal powders

and hardening agent. Sintered alloy of titanium carbide, tungsten

carbide and a binder alloy of tungsten and

cobalt, all of which are powdered and

intimately mixed.

Shaped sintered bodies of tungsten carbide,

titanium carbide and a high percentage, 25 to 40 percent, of an auxiliary metal of the iron group. Producing hard metal alloys by building up

layers of pressed powdered metal carbide and auxiliary metal. Sintered tool alloys of a refractory nitride and a refractory boride or silicide and 1 to 25 percent of a metal such as cobalt or

nickel. Making sintered shaped bodies by casting

into molds and sintering an electrolyte

and powdered metal and metal carbide. Making wear resisting material for cutting

tools by carburizing and boronizing

mixture of refractory metal powders and

base metals. Producing resistant material from chromium

and boron by igniting mixture of their oxides and aluminum.

Producing cutting tool composition by heat treatment of metal powders.

Producing hardened material for cutting

tools from hard carbides, nitrides and the

like. Sintered tool alloy of two carbides of tungsten, molybdenum, etc. in the form of mixed crystals and powdered nickel, co- balt or chromium.

Manufacture of bodies containing metallic carbides comprising carbide of finely divided hard metal and softer matrix metal. Tool alloy made from ground macrocrystalline carbide, or multicarbide, ground with

metallic tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt or iron. Producing hard compositions of matter from

metal powders for use in construction of cutting tools. Producing hard alloy by heating mixture of tantalum carbide, nickel and tungsten

powders.
46 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Balke

Seljesaeter

Comstock.

Cooper

McKennaMcKenna.

Marth

Marth

Padowicz_

Padowicz.

Beer.

Ritzau.

Schwarzkopf.

Hinnuber.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 106, 162

2, 108, 6*8

2, 108, 797

2, 113, 171

2, 113, 355

2, 113, 356

2, 116, 399

2, 116, 400

2, 119, 487

2, 119, 488

2, 119, 489

2, 121, 448

Reissues

2 1,520

and 22,- 166 of 2,122,157.

2, 123, 046

Subject

Producing hard alloy by heating mixture of tantalum carbide, nickel and molybdenum

powders.

Sintered alloy of tantalum nitride, tantalum

carbide and cobalt. Producing hard cemented carbide composites by sintering mixture of hard metal

carbides and powdered cementing metal. Producing hard carbide material by pressing

and sintering powdered carbon and

tungsten.

Cutting tool alloy containing a new compound, tungsten titanium carbide,

cemented in a matrix of finely divided

cobalt, nickel, etc. Forming hard composition of matter comprising cementing under reduced pressure mixture of fine carbide material and

metallic binder in presence of magnesium.

Producing shaped bodies from hard metallic carbides and auxiliary metal by heating.

Producing hard substance alloy by sintering

powdered auxiliary metal by heating.

Producing hard metal alloy by heating in re- ducing atmosphere mixture or tungsten

carbide and concentrated solution of a

cobalt salt. Powdered tungsten is used

as a starting material. Cutting tool alloy in which powdered metal

is used to form its carbide and then combined with an organic salt of cobalt, re- duced and sintered. Finely divided metallic tungsten tantalum,

etc., are mixed with cobalt or nickel organic salts, reduced, carburized, formed

and sintered. Producing hard metal composition by

pressing and sintering finely divided

tungsten carbide, cobalt, tungsten and

chromium.

Tool alloy formed from ternary mixed car- bide crystals powdered and mixed with

powdered auxiliary metal.

Sintered hard metal alloy in which finely

powdered vanadium nitride, titanium car- bide and nitride, cobalt and tungsten car- bide may be used.
Powder Metallurgy 47

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

McKenna.

McKenna.

McKenna.

Wirth

HinnuberWilley

Lucas.

Kieffer_ _ Ridgway.

Dawihl, et al.

Chelius

Kelley DeBats

Dawihl, et al.

Schwarzkopf.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 123, 574

2, 123, 575

2, 123, 576

2, 124, 020

2, 128, 146

2, 133, 495

2, 133, 867

2, 134, 305

2, 141, 617

2, 162, 574

2, 166, 795

2, 167, 516

2, 167, 544

2, 169, 090

Reissues

21,730

and

22,073 of 2,170,432.

Subject

Similar to 2,123,575 and 2,123,576, belowexcept that major constituent of corns minuted macrocrystalline multicarbide is tantalum carbide or columbium carbide and minor constituent is metal carbide of

this group embedded in matrix. Producing hard composition of matter consisting of comminuted macrocrystalline

columbium carbide, tungsten and nickel. Similar to 2,123,575 except that a comminuted macrocrystalline multicarbiae,

consisting of titanium carbide and columbium carbide, is used. Sintered alloy comprising chromium, tungsten and carbon.

Sintered alloy of cobalt, and titanium, vana- dium and tungsten carbides. Making hard compact metal by subjecting

to pressure and heat powdered metal, such

as tungsten, carbon and an auxiliary metal. Sintered composition of 0.25 to 0.50% chro- mium carbide, cobalt, and tungsten and

titanium carbides. Method of forming hard metal alloys from

carbides. Method for producing boron carbide alloy by

electrically heating boron oxide and car- bon. Hard metal alloy which may be pressed and

sintered containing metal of the iron group, chromium, and titanium and tungsten carbides. Sintered hard alloys of vanadium and molybdenum carbides, auxiliary metal from the

iron group and tungsten carbide. Sintered composition of tungsten carbide,

tantalum carbide and a binding metal of the iron group. Making hard metal articles, such as rolls for

rolling mills, by compressing in mold and

heating metal powders.

Sintered tool alloy of tungsten carbide, vana- dium carbide, titanium carbide and molybdenum carbide and a metal such as iron, nickel or cobalt. Cemented hard metal made, e. g., from

vanadium carbide, tungsten carbide and

an auxiliary metal from the iron group.
48 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.-—Continued

Patentee

SchwarzkopfBoecker

Boecker, et al Romp

Hensel

Wissler

Kieffer

Wright

Engle

Dawihl, et al_

Kieffer

Balke

SchwarzkopfBalke, et al__

McKenna

Dawihl, et al.

Simons

Comstock

U. S. Patent No. Reissues

21,731

and

22,074 of 2,170,433.

2, 171, 391

2, 173, 749

2, 176, 802

2, 180, 984

2, 189, 387

2, 191, 666

2, 193, 413

2, 195, 297

2, 196, 009

2, 198, 343

2, 202, 821

2, 205, 864

2, 207, 708

2, 220, 018

2, 224, 595

2, 228, 916

2, 244, 052,

2, 244, 053

Subject

Hard metal alloy comprising at least two

hard carbides and auxiliary metal from

iron group.

Producing hard materials from metal powders and vanadic or titanic acid. Preparing hard metals comprising mixed

carbides. Making hard metal alloys by compressing

and sintering powdery mixture of tungsten carbide and cobalt. Producing metal composition comprising

metal nitrides, refractory metal and low

melting point metal. Making hard compositions by electrically

heating, then cooling, carbide of difficulty fusible metal and binding material, such

as pitch.

Tool element for drilling and mining employing metal powders, such as tungsten

and molybdenum.

Producing hard metal carbide alloys comprising heating and applying pressure to a metal carbide and an auxiliary metal. Making hot pressed hard metal compositions

from hard metal carbide particles.

Producing hard alloys by sintering mixture

of several metal carbides without auxiliary metal. Sintered tool alloy of tantalum and titanium

and molybdenum carbides, bonded with

nickel or cobalt. Producing hard metal alloy comprising tungsten-carbide, tantalum-carbide and binder

metal, such as cobalt. Manufacturing hard faced metal bodies by

sintering compacted metal powders.

Producing hard metal alloys by surrounding

carbide and auxiliary metal during sinter- ing process with loose particles of nonradioactive refractory metal carbide. Producing articles of tortuous shape from

sintered hard metal compositions.

Producing cutting tools consisting of finely divided crystallized aluminum oxide and

softer ductile metallic material. Making alloy by heating and exerting pres- sure on metallic carbide and lower melting

point metal. Methods of forming hard cemented carbide products from hard metal carbides and

binding metal by sintering.
Powder Metallurgy 49

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.-—Continued

Patentee

Dawihl, et al Dawihl, et al

Schwarzkopf.

Kratky

Wirth

Cockrum

Romp

Schwarzkopf

Schwarzkopf

Taylor

Clark, et al. Matush

Clark, et al_ DeLamatter.

Jerabek____

Merle

Clark, et al_ DeBats

Gordon

Eglinton

U. S. Patent No.

2, 246, 165

2, 246, 166

2, 246, 387

2, 252, 129

2, 253, 476

2, 261, 228

2, 263, 520

2, 265, 010

2, 265, 110

2, 271, 960

2, 275, 420

2, 279, 003

2, 284, 638

2, 286, 672

2, 292, 694

2, 307, 939

2, 295, 334

2, 313, 227

2, 332, 071

2, 334, 755

Subject

Producing sintered hard metal from pulverulent materials. Producing sintered hard metal alloy comprising metal carbide and auxiliary carbon

alloy of lower melting point. Sintered tool alloy of titanium and tungsten

carbides and metal of the iron group. Producing hard bodies for cutting tools from

finely powdered refractory materials. Producing metal alloy by sintering metal

carbide in molten bath of matrix-forming

metal. Applying hard wear resisting facing to tools using paste formed from metal powders.

Making sintered hard metal alloys by heating in gaseous atmosphere in mold. Cemented hard metal composition of refrac- tory carbides and cobalt or nickel, powdered and sintered. Producing hard metal tool alloy comprising

tungsten carbide, titanium carbide and

auxiliary metal of iron group. Producing extruded material consisting of mixture of metal carbides and plasticizing agent, such as dry starch. Fabrication of hard metal bodies from metal

powders by sintering.

Tool surface of sintered titanium-cyanocarbide, embedded in a matrix of a chro- mium-iron alloy. Producing hardenable carbon steel from

powdered iron and powdered iron carbide. Making hard metal articles from hard, un- bonded metallic carbides. Hard facing metallic objects, such as earth working tools, by melting on surface with an electric arc mixture of metal powders.

Powdered hard metals, such as tungsten,

metal carbides, etc. added to stream of molten metal, applicable in manufacture

of cutting tools. Producing hardened steel articles wherein

iron carbide is added to iron powder.

Roll for metal rolling mills comprising heat- ing and compressing powdered mixture of tungsten carbide and auxiliary metal, such

as cobalt or nickel. Manufacture of hard rollers using hard

metal carbide and binding material, such

as cobalt. Two-part rotary cutting tool comprising

cutting element of hard but relatively

brittle refractory metal and shank of softer but less brittle metal.
50 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

IV. ALLOYING OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Alloys Employing Metal Powder as the Binding Material

for Metallic Carbides, Nitrides, or the Like, in the Production

of Very Hard Articles, Such as Cutting Tools, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Taylor

Oilier

Perry

DeLamatter, et al Troy

Engle

Clark, et al Suwa

Gauthier

Chandler, et al McKenna

Lindquist

Lindquist

U. S. Patent No.

2, 348, 172

2, 349, 052

2, 362, 302

2, 363, 575

2, 367, 978

2, 368, 458

2, 369, 211

2, 388, 020

2, 392, 285

2, 395, 461

2, 395, 570

2, 401, 087

2, 410, 512

Subject

Apparatus for extruding rods, tubes, etc., which may consist of mixture of hard

metal carbides and binder metal therefor. Cemented tool elements containing, e. g., tungsten carbide and two types of binder,

such as cobalt, and a mixture of iron and

steel powder, ball milled in several steps

prior to sintering.

Drying cemented carbide compositions containing metal powder and an organic plasticizing medium, with sodium chloride. Hard metallic bodies produced from tungsten

carbide. Hardening of metals by nitriding, utilizing

comminuted tin to protect surfaces not to be hardened. Manufacturing cemented carbide articles by

sintering one or more hard metal carbides and cementing metal, such as cobalt. Steel of extreme hardness produced from

metal carbide and powdered iron. Metal powders are used in sintering a universal type grinding tool. Method of attaching carbide tip to cutting

tool In a method of forming diamond dust cylin- drical drills, metal powders are used as a

binder. Powdered metals are used to make a cutting

tool tip. Powdered metal is used in the manufacture

of an improved diamond drill bit. Powdered iron is used as the principal in- gredient in setting a diamond for industrial

tool use, without the formation of iron carbide. Copper is added as a sintering agent

and brass as a brazing agent. V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS

2. Abrasive Tools, Other Abrasive Articles and Materials,

Polishing Compositions, Employing Metal Powders

Forbes.

Lindsey

Lindsey

Kann _ _

262, 034

373, 239

466, 277

511, 779

Glass-polishing powder composed of lead,

tin, and copper calcined and mixed with water into pasty condition. Grinding and polishing material comprising

pulverized steel. Grinding and polishing material composed

of tempered particles of fractured steel. Grinding and polishing material comprising

fractured steel mixed with softer or more

friable material, such as rouge.
Powder Metallurgy 51

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Abrasive Tools, Other Abrasive Articles and Materials,

Polishing Compositions, Employing Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

Ringstrom

Bachman

Waddell

Marius, et al__.

Marius, et al__.

Sottile

Tolputt

Yasuda

Fisher

Gauthier

Mason

Martin

Bethel

Taylor

Buckner

DeBats Kann

DeBats

U. S. Patent No.

604, 569

686, 839

755, 589

918, 069

934, 412

1, 024, 156

1, 057, 187

1, 216, 643

1, 624, 783

1, 625, 463

1, 632, 909

1, 886, 285

Reissue

21,789 of 1,931,370.

1, 996, 598

2, 027, 087

2, 027, 963

2, 062, 093

2, 068, 848

Subject

Abrading material coated with metal powder and bonded with molten metal.

Particles of iron for grinding and cutting

stones, glass, etc., is formed by forcing

molten iron on drum in cold water. Cake or stick to be rubbed on razor strops

to improve quality comprising finely divided aluminum mixed with hard grease, such as cocoa butter. Method of casting particles of abrading

material in metallic matrix to form an

abrading mixture. Producing composition of matter comprising

abrasive substance embedded in metallic matrix. Composition to be used on razor strops

comprising water, powdered steel, axle

grease, powdered glass, and anisette oil. Polishing composition consisting of a hydrated oxide and powdered metallic lead incorporated with agglutinant binder,

such as stearin. Composition for cleaning and polishing iron composed of powdered aluminum, de- hydrated alum and powdered crystalline

silica. Polishing composition comprising intimate

mixture of finely divided metal powders,

pumice and oil. Producing diamond lap (grinding implement) from diamond particles and finely divided metallic particles.

Producing buffing compound comprising

abrasive, binder and aluminum.

Abrasive material; molten metal is supplied

to larger stream of water at rapid rates; forms regular particles.

Abrasive tool comprising molded, compacted

mixture of granular metal and granular

abrasive material held by brittle, nonmetallic bond. Abrading tool having a cutting portion of diamond dust in a sintered binder composition of tungsten carbide and cobalt. Producing abrasive sheet by showering

magnetically coated abrasive particles on sheet having adhesive surface in a magnetic field. Synthetic diamonds comprising fine diamond

particles embedded in metal matrix. To form abrasive material, molten metal is discharged on a rotatable surface. Method of forming diamondiferous abrasive compositions from tungsten and carbon

powders, and diamond particles.
52 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Abrasive Tools, Other Abrasive Articles and Materials,

Polishing Compositions, Employing Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

Van der Pyl

Willey

Van der Pyl

Laise

Vanlandingham

Benner et al

Boyer

Boyer_ __

Boyer

Moulton, et al_. Van der Pyl

Ervin

Fitz-Randolph_

Fitz-Randolph_

Boyer, et al Van der Pyl

Benner, et al__.

Boyer

Boyer

U. S. Patent No.

2, 072, 051

2, 074, 038

2, 077, 345

2, 107, 122

2, 135, 926

2, 136, 931

2, 137, 200

2, 137, 201

2, 137, 329

2, 145, 888

2, 150, 886

2, 159, 433

2, 173, 833

2, 173, 834

2, 173, 835

2, 189, 259

Reissue

22,373 of 2,193,265.

2, 197, 655

2, 200, 258

Subject

Grinding wheel formed of diamond particles

bonded with a metal powder.

Producing diamond embedded abrading tool by heating tungsten, nickel, and carbon

powders and distributing true diamonds

throughout.

Making abrasive wheels comprising dia- mond grains united with a bond of aluminum and silicon. Producing hard metal abrasive composition

comprising refractory metal powders al- loyed with base metal powder and bonded

with base metal. Razor hone comprising molded body of sulphur containing finely divided car- borundum, aluminum, and lamp black. Making abrasive articles by forming and

sintering mixture of amalgam-coated abrasive particles with metal powder free from

mercury. Producing abrasive article consisting of abrasive comprising diamonds, sintered bond therefor, and hardening agent.

Producing abrasive article consisting of abrasive material comprising diamonds

embedded in sintered metal matrix. Producing abrasive article comprising dia- monds and sintered metal bond of ductile copper-base solid solution. Making abrading tool comprising sintered mixture of pulverized metal and abrasive

particles secured in grooves in base of tool. Making grinding wheel comprising diamond

particles mixed with resin. To form abrasive material, molten metal is discharged on stream of liquid other than

water having oily character. Producing abrasive article comprising dia- monds and sintered metal bond of tin

alloy. Metal-bonded abrasive article consisting of abrasive comprising diamonds and sintered bond of tin and iron powders.

Metal-bonded abrasive article comprising

abrasive particles and sintered bond. Making grinding wheel comprising diamond

grain and powdered metal. Abrasive article produced by compacting

and sintering metal powders.

Abrasive article in which abrasive grain is bonded by metal alloy. Producing boron carbide composition as abrasive article.
Powder Metallurgy 53

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Abrasive Tools, Other Abrasive Articles and Materials,

Polishing Compositions, Employing Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

Fitz-Randolph _ Van der Pyl

Van der Pyl

Bevillard Kuzmick

Small

Kuzmick

Van der PyL__

Dawihl

Crompton

Van der Pyl___

Bernstorff, et al

Kurtz

Ervin

Lombard, et al

Eash, et al Van der Pyl___

Kelleher

U. S. Patent No.

2, 223, 063

2, 226, 506

2, 238, 351

2, 240, 829

2, 243, 105

2, 254, 549

2, 258, 774

2, 282, 912

2, 285, 909

2, 292, 991

2, 301, 721

2, 306, 423

2, 319, 331

2, 330, 038

2, 332, 241

2, 336, 001

2, 339, 208

2, 339, 270

Subject

Metal-bonded abrasive article comprising

diamonds and a bond of zinc and iron powders.

Making laps and other abrasive articles comprising mixture of comminuted abrasive and bond. Abrasive comprising abrasive grains bonded

with hard, friable, sintered metal bond.

Making cutting tool comprising diamonds

within a cast matrix. Making abrasive tool comprising bonded

mixture of metal particles, abrasive

particles and nonmetallic bond. Making sintered powdered metal composition adapted for use as a matrix in preparation of abrasive tools. Manufacture of abrasive products comprising abrasive particles of metal powders

bonded with synthetic resin. Making grinding wheel comprising mixture of comminuted abrasive and comminuted

metal. Grinding tool of diamond powder sintered with tungsten and titanium carbides and

a binder compound C03W3C, which

resembles pure cobalt in action. Producing flexible abrasive product by combined soldering and rolling process, affixing abrasive grains to metal sheet. Abrasive grains bonded with a sintered metal

bond formed of metal powders in giving

antislip properties to a floor product.

Grinding and cutting disk comprising sinter- ing and tempering beryllium powder with

copper powder and diamond dust. Abrasive article comprising diamond or

silicon carbide particles coated with metal

and glass, set in a mount of sintered metal

powder.

Abrasive material produced by subjecting

molten metal between two convergently

meeting streams of liquid.

Batch composition for grinding wheel may

contain, in addition to clay and abrasive, a small percent of aluminum powder.

Metallic blasting and abrasive material

incorporating powdered silicon, nickel and

chromium.

Abrasive grains embedded in sintered metal

bond comprising a copper and tin alloy secured on a flexible sheet metal backing.

Abrading tool comprising mixture of chro- mium and copper heat joined with each

other.
54 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Abrasive Tools, Other Abrasive Articles and Materials,

Polishing Compositions, Employing Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

Kelleher

Benner, et al__

Hammill, et a]

Kelleher

Seligman et al_

Pare

Anderson Kott

Kott.

Kott.

Kott.

Martin, et al Humphrey, et al Coes

Ellis Wiegand

Liden, et al.

Sachse

U. S. Patent No.

2, 349, 825

2, 352, 246

2, 353, 236

2, 358, 459

2, 360, 798

2, 361, 492

2, 362, 979

2, 367, 404

2, 367, 405

2, 367, 406

.2, 367, 407

2, 371, 700

2, 376, 254

2, 377, 995

2, 379, 569

2, 387, 548

2, 396, 015

2, 404, 598

Subject

Abrading tool comprising abrasive particles

uniformly dispersed through sintered mixture of chromium, copper and nickel. Abrasive article comprising abrasive grains

incorporated in sintered mixture of copper,

tin and lead. Diamond tool for dressing or truing an

abrasive wheel having diamond set member of a fused or sintered powdered metal

matrix. Abrading tool comprising abrasive particles

uniformly dispersed throughout sintered mixture of nickel, copper and tin. Abrasive tool comprising diamond particles

securely held in an electrodeposited metallic matrix. Diamond saw comprising number of metal

blades having diamond particles embedded

therein. Abrading machine having abrasive element

formed by compressing suitable metal

powder impregnated with diamond dust. Abrasive composition comprising diamond

particles dispersed throughout porous,

sintered metallic body and impregnated

with silver solder alloy. Abrasive composition comprising diamond

particles, coated with film of platinum- group metal and nickel powder, dispersed

in metallic matrix. Abrasive comprising diamond particles dis- persed throughout sintered mixture of metal powders.

Abrasive comprising diamond particles dis- persed throughout sintered mixture of metal powders.

Abrasive article comprising metal powder

abrasive grains and resinoid bond therefor. Metal powders may be bonded with diamond

fragments in grinding wheel. Powdered iron pyrite used as pore filler in

vitrified grinding wheel which may contain silicon carbide. Magnetic abrasive tool utilizing powdered

steel or nickel. Apparatus for grinding or reducing in size hard metals for abrasives. Diamonds are set by packing them in unsintered powdered metal and then another metal is poured into the powder.

Metal bodies, in which minute grams of abrasive materials are uniformly distrib- uted, are molded and compressed under

pressure.
Powder Metallurgy 55

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

1. Abrasive Tools, Other Abrasive Articles and Materials,

Polishing Compositions, Employing Metal Powders—Con.

Patentee

L. S. Patent No. Subject

Bevillard __ 2, 405, 086

2, 409, 363 Powdered copper, nickel, iron, titanium, etc., are used as a matrix on an abrasive wheel. Metal powders may be added to the grinding

powders used with a tool for polishing

lenses, jewels, hard carbides, etc. Kratky

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials

Gwynn__

Gwynn__

Gwynn__

Gwynn__

Saunders

.

Gwynn_ _

Gwynn__

Gwynn

Gwynn_ _ Behrens _

Canda___

Canda___

Douglas .

Martin

Haley

Meadows

Stewart _

101, 863

101, 864

101, 866

101, 867

122, 408

138, 645

138, 646

140, 774

140, 775

189, 684

269, 636

313, 916

379, 531

569, 759

590, 369

778, 789

857, 845

Manufacture of metaline (of powdered tin) to be used in lining journal boxes. Manufacture of metaline (of powdered zinc) to be used in lining journal boxes. Manufacture of metaline (of powdered plastic

bronze, to be used in lining journal boxes. Manufacture of metaline (of powdered type

metal) to be used in lining journal boxes. "Antifriction" metal alloyed from iron fillings resin, tar, glass, zinc, antimony and lead. Manufacture of journal-box linings by subjecting to pressure of rollers alternate

layers of a fabric and finely divided metaline. Same method as in 138,645 on wood.

Same method as in 138, 645 on wire cloth. Same method as in 138,645 on perforated

metal sheets. Producing antifriction compound suitable for journal boxes by molding and pressing

metal powders and graphite.

Manufacturing bearings by subjecting to pressure mold containing mercury and

powdered metals. Manufacturing antifriction material comprising mixing lubricant with powdered

metals before molding and heating.

Producing antifriction composition by adding unctuous substance, such as paraffin or graphite, to mixture of powdered metal

and sulphur.

Producing composition of matter composed

essentially of metal particles and asbestos

fibers to be used in journal boxes and

bearings generally.

Making self-lubricating bearings from com- pound of glass, lead, plumbago and anti- mony tempered with brass and aluminum.

In forming bearing metal, constituent metals are mixed in molten state; small

solid pieces are formed and evenly dis- tributed. Producing journal bearings by compressing

lubricant-coated, shredded, antifriction bearing metal.
56 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee

Jones

Gilson

Gilson

Simpson

Dower

Adams

Koehler

Adams

Williams

Koehler

Claus

Claus

Williams, et al Williams, et al

Williams, et al

Claus

Claus

Williams

U. S. Patent No.

981, 767

1, 071, 044

1, 177, 407

1, 258, 953

1, 390, 197

1, 477, 797

1, 479, 859

1, 552, 184

1, 556, 658

1, 599, 618

1, 607, 389

1, 624, 904

1, 642, 347

1, 642, 348

1, 642, 349

1, 648, 721

1, 648, 722

1, 661, 245

Subject

Bearing metal of large percentage of chippings and turnings of Babbitt metal. Making bearing compositions by reducing

and compressing mixture of graphite and

metallic compound.

Producing bearing material comprising mixing, reducing and compressing copper, tin and lead alloy with graphite.

Wire mesh or cloth is disintegrated by series of severing blades to form bearing metal. Producing self-lubricating bearing including

subjecting to heat and pressure intimate mixture of graphite with powdered metal. Bearing material comprising intimate mixture of tungsten and copper. Producing antifriction composition by heating, to melt metal with lowest melting

point, mixture of finely comminuted

metals of different melting points.

Composition of sintered tungsten impregnated with copper suitable as bearing

material. Making bearing materials by packing, seal- ing and heating in lamp black compressed

mixture of finely divided copper, tin and

graphite.

Producing metallic phosphides from metal

powders and powdered phosphorus for use

as bearing material. Making bearings by heating compressed

mixture of powdered metals in mold having

a removable core member.

Method of and apparatus for forming bodies by pressure, particularly self-lubricating

bearings from mixed powders of metals and lubricating material. Bearings made from compressed mixture of

finely divided metals. Alloy produced by heating, in presence of

volatile flux, compressed mixture of alloy- able metals and volatile material. Mixture of alloyable metals and nonalloying

material capable of decomposing, compressed and heated. Method of and machine for forming bodies by pressure, particularly porous or self- lubricating bearings from mixtures of powdered metallic and lubricating materials. Making bearing material by heating in closed container compressed mixture of

finely divided copper, tin, zinc and

graphite.

Making bearing composition by heating

molded mixture of fine metallic particles.
Powder Metallurgy 57

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee

Davis

Short Falkenberg

Koehler Lee

Williams

Weiger

Seabury

Williams, et al_

Williams

Williams, et al_ Brincil

Blackmore

Lemming, et al.

Short.

Lemming, et al.

Davis.

Short.

Sherwood.

U. S. Patent No.

1, 679, 408

1, 703, 177

1, 703, 577

1, 714, 564

1, 714, 679

1, 738, 163

1, 751, 780

1, 753, 581

1, 753, 632

1, 761, 506

1, 766, 865

1, 771, 615

1, 797, 752

1, 806, 300

Reissue

21,495 of 1,819,-

272.

1, 820, 235

1, 834, 687

1, 834, 746

1, 856, 661

Subject

Apparatus for molding mixtures of powdered metal and graphite in the manufacture of porous bearings.

Making bearings comprising pressed-on

metal powders.

Journal bearing alloy containing tungsten

powder.

Producing antifriction material of metal

powders for use in bearings.

Bearing alloy produced by adding comminuted brass to molten Babbitt metal. Producing porous metal bodies for bearings

by heating compressed mixture of powdered metals and deoxidizer. Bearings which carry electric current made

of sintered tungsten carbide and copper. Producing bearing by baking in mold mixture of metal powders and electroplating

with copper or brass and immersing in lubricating oil. Machine for and method of surfacing and

sizing bushings formed by heating and

compressing metal powders to an exact predetermined size. Copper-lead bearing alloy made by compressing and heating fine, solid particles

of mixture. Producing alloy for bearings of metal

powders.

Making porous bearing by immersing in acid bath to dissolve powdered metal, molded

mixture of finely divided resinous product,

finely divided solid lubricant and finely divided metal. Powdered bearing metal pressed on bearing

back. Method of and machine for forming hollow

bushings, or other apertured articles from

powdered materials. Making bearings by welding preformed

porous metallic lining to a reinforcing

member by holding together and heating.

Apparatus for highly compressing metal

powder or other finely divided material

into bushings having portions of different diameters. To form powder for bearings molten metal is discharged under pressure against baffle. Producing bearing comprising reinforcing

member secured to metallic facing formed

of layers differing in porosity.

Oxide free copper powder for bearing parts is precipitated from acid-dissolved copper

scrap, compacted in ball mill, and mixed

with tin and graphite.
58 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee

Patch. Sherwood

Calkins, et al. Sherwood

Six.

Short, et al.

Sherwood.

_

Wilharm___

Calkins

Noftzger.

Harshaw.

Short. _.

Noftzger

Jefferies, et al. Hardy

Sherwood.

Koehring _

KoehringKoehring _

U. S. Patent No.

1, 871, 912

1, 873, 223

1, 896, 939

1, 916, 338

1, 920, 022

1, 930, 287

1, 937, 465

1, 959, 775

1, 974, 173

1, 983, 184

1, 986, 197

1, 992, 548

1, 998, 144

2, 024, 767

2, 033, 240

2, 065, 618

2, 075, 444

2, 096, 252

2, 097, 671

Subject

Piston for liquid meter having bearing sur- face formed of porous bronze impregnated

with lubricant. Producing porous metal from powdered metal

and stearic acid for use in bearings.

Manufacturing bearings by sintering compressed powdered metals in opening in connecting rod bearing.

Forming porous metal bearing comprising

compressing powdered metal into a bri- quette and immersing in molten cyanide

bath. Producing lined cylindrical bearing by bonding powdered metal to inside of cylindrical

shell of stronger metal of higher melting

point by heating.

Powdered materials for bearings are compressed in one continuous operation by

means of a movable conveyor. Producing bearing by sintering briquette

formed from powdered metals, leaving

iron in unalloyed condition. Producing bearing metals by compressing two or more alloyable powdered metals and

a soap. Formation of bearings in which finely comminuted iron particles are bonded together

with lower melting point metal. Making bearings employing wax with finely divided metals. Producing metallic composition by electro- depositing one metal upon particles of another for use in manufacture of bronze

bearings and bushings.

Producing porous composition from comminuted materials useful in manufacture of bearings.

Making bearings comprising powdered muscovite, bearing metal, wax, and resin. Piston for internal combustion engine comprising compressed mixture of metallic

particles, including aluminum and silicon. Producing lead-copper bearings by compressing plated metal powders having cores of low melting point metal and coatings of higher melting point metal. Producing metal from powdered iron oxide

for use in bearings.

Making bearing material by sintering, then

cooling, briquette of finely divided copper,

lead, and tin. Making copper-lead bearing by briquetting

and sintering mixture of molten lead and

copper powder.

Making bearing comprising heating briquette

of zinc stearate powder and powdered

metals.
Powder Metallurgy 59

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee

Kirk, et al

Davis, et al

Kiefer

Davis

Gillett, et al_ _

.

Koehring, et al.

Wills

Calkins, et al__ Hodson

Fisher

Lignian

Sandler, et al__ Boegehold

Koehring

Koehring

Koehring

Jones, et al

Hildabolt, et al

Schuttler

U. S. Patent No.

2, 108, 339

2, 127, 994

2, 129, 844

2, 132, 867

2, 149, 596

2, 158, 461

2, 177, 853

2, 178, 529

2, 187, 348

2, 191, 460

2, 195, 749

2, 196, 875

2, 198, 240

2, 198, 253

2, 198, 254

2, 198, 702

2, 213, 523

2, 214, 104

2, 219, 095

Subject

Producing bearings from raw rubber evenly loaded with composition of metallic lead impregnated with castor oil. Finely divided material for bearings is briquetted in mold cavity by axially moving plunger.

Making bearing comprising molding and

sintering mixture of unalloyed finely divided oxide of copper with ammoniacal

salt. Porous metal bushing made by forcing into

cylindrical outer metal sleeve, briquetted

and sintered bushing material, and heating

to bond it to sleeve. Producing bushings from scrap material by

maintaining under pressure in electric current comminuted particles.

Making bearings by fixing metal layer of sintered finely divided powder to high

melting metal backing. Porous bearing metal comprising compressed

and sintered mass of powdered metal and

dry lubricant, i. e., vermiculite. Producing porous metal bearing material from powdered metals. Making bearing by applying heat and pres- sure to base coated with spray of initially solid material in thermoplastic state. Producing metallic composition of powdered

copper, tin, lead, and zinc for use in bearings.

Method of forming annular oil recesses in bushings made by briquetting and sinter- ing mixture of metal powders.

Making bronze bearings from metal powders

by sintering.

Bearing comprising rigid metallic sponge

secured to strong metal back. Making bearing by sintering uncompacted

metal powders laid loosely on metal backing and impregnating with molten lead. Similar to 2,198,253 except impregnated with

molten lower melting metal or alloy. Producing metal bushings by sintering in mold, eliminating compacting the metals. Sintered agglomerated white cast iron powder bonded by iron-phosphorus eutectic in making bearings.

Producing porous metal article for use in bearings consisting of porous matrix of sintered iron powder coated with soft metal. Producing piston rings, especially for light

metal pistons of internal combustion

engines, by sintering metal powders under

pressure.
60 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee

Calkins, et al

Sandler, et al Langhammer, et al Fetz

Vogt, et al Darby

Hensel

Hall

Dawihl, et al Wellman

Darby, et al Woods

Koehring

Morris, et al

Hensel, et al Tormyn

Koehring

Shutt

Bagley, et al

Bilde __

U. S. Patent No.

2, 222, 251

2, 226, 263

2, 229, 330

2, 234, 371

2, 239, 800

2, 246, 462

2, 250, 099

2, 252, 714

2, 253, 969

2, 259, 094

2, 260, 247

2, 262, 983

2, 289, 658

2, 293, 400

2, 294, 404

2, 299, 192

2, 300, 048

2, 301, 756

2, 302, 660

2, 307, 874

Subject

Making bearings by applying compressed

powdered metal to sheet metal backing by

sintering and bonding together.

Making steel backed bronze bearing by

sintering.

Making bearing by compressing and sinter- ing powdered metals. Making composite bearings having layer of bearing metal strongly bonded to metallic backing by compressing and heating metal

powders.

Making bearings by introducing metal salt into formed body of finely divided metal

and reducing metal salt to metal. Producing bearing alloy with copper base and lead particles contained therein. Producing antifriction composition by sinter- ing and impregnating metal powders.

In preparing copper powder for bearings,

reducing gas is passed over copper oxides on movable belt. Bearing counterparts for machine tools sintered from carbides and lower melting

point metal. Making bodies of compacted powdered material applicable to production of bearings.

Making bearings with steel backs and copper- base alloy linings by sintering.

Applying hard surfacing layer to bushings by

heating to fusing point comminuted material placed in position on bushing, and dis- tributing molten metal uniformly by

centrifugal force. Producing bearing by sintering loose metal

powders on metal backing.

Bearing, made by dropping pressed metal

powder article into air-free bath of lubricating oil, having interstices substantially free from air. Bearing comprising pressing and sintering lead powder coated with silver powder.

Bushings and bearings comprising compressing and sintering copper powder to bearing or bushing surface. Porous bearing material comprising gravity

deposition of metal particles on supporting surface. Bearing comprising compacting and sinter- ing mixture of powdered selenium with

ferrous-base powdered metals. Making bearings by coating inside of bearing

shell with finely divided bearing metal

and heating. Sleeve bearing which comprises molding

outer bearing ring element of nonmetallic

material around inner ring of metal

powders.
Powder Metallurgy 61

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Murray.

Teeple

Lignian

Calkins

Kendall

Kendall

deGraaf

Cate

Hensel

Hill

Koehring

Kendall

Hensel, et al

Hensel, et al Hardy

Podell

Hensel, et al Skehan, et al Hensel

737128—47-

2, 325, 071

2, 326, 000

2, 332, 733

2, 337, 588

2, 349, 281

2, 352, 206

2, 361, 897

2, 362, 353

2, 364, 713

2, 365, 552

2, 365, 562

2, 368, 549

2, 372, 202

2, 372, 203

2, 374, 747

2, 376, 722

2, 377, 882

2, 378, 588

2, 379, 232

Bearing comprising finely divided lead- indium particles bonded to supporting

member.

Molded self-lubricating bearing incorporating

powdered antimony, lead and/or copper, and/or bronze with graphite and asbestos. Bearing which comprises impregnating por- ous metal bearing blank, formed by

compressing porous metal powders, with

suitable bearing material. Piston packing ring of a sheet-like porous

bearing metal layer of powdered, copper,

tin, and graphite.

Pulley bearing having backing member made

of zinc, magnesium or aluminum.

Controlled temperature bearing in which

backing material may be made of zinc, magnesium or aluminum for which powder

metallurgy methods are particularly

adapted.

Ball or roller bearings for high vacuum vessels having coating formed of lead powder,

preventing cutting, friction and the like. Prodcuing bearing ring from dissimilar metal

powders.

Bearing formed of composition of powdered

iron, nickel or cobalt compacts impregnated with mercury for use against steel or other surfaces which do not amalgamate.

Self-alining bearings having bearing members molded from powdered metal, sin- tered and repressed to size. Lining bore of porous metal bearing with soft metal powder and impregnating with oil. Antifriction bearing utilizing metal powders

in backing member to conduct heat away

from bearing.

Bearings made by pressing metal powders

using suitable dies, sintering and applying

age-hardening heat treatment. Manufacture of bearings from copper powder

containing nickel or cobalt with silicon and

phosphorus.

Annular linings for tubular bearings which

comprises compacting layer of metal

powders on inside wall. Mixing attachment bearing utilizing sintered bronze soaked in oil as orificed antifriction blocks. Bearing produced from relatively coarse

silver powder.

Ball bearings utilizing silver particles as coating on working surfaces. Metallic composition particularly applicable

for bearings produced from powdered cop- per and bismuth.
52 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

2. Bearings and Bearing Materials—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Hensel

Hensel

Knox

Stokes, Jr., et al Guinee

Tarbel, et al Hensel

Hensel, et al Shafer

Shriver, Jr

Elfstrom

Rozner

Lowey

Whitney

2, 379, 434

2, 379, 435

2, 389, 438

2, 389, 561

2, 392, 917

2, 393, 203

2, 393, 905

2, 393, 906

2, 397, 164

2, 397, 626

2, 398, 364

2, 403, 460

2, 404, 808

2,411,073

Bearing formed of metal composition of cop- per and thallium powders.

Bearing formed of metal composition of copper, lead and thallium powders.

Track shoe uses a metal bushing made of powdered bronze mixed with a ferrous

material. Mold for forming bushing bearings of powdered metal. Use of powdered copper in the fabrication of copper coated bearings. Use of powdered metal to form a porous, lub- ricant-impregnated bearing.

A bearing alloy of gold and thallium, the

latter in the form of eutectic particles.

A bearing made from a sintered copper base metal composition.

Powdered iron is used in a self-alining bearing

assembly.

Powdered iron, lead, or graphite is used

making bushings.

A method of forming and shaping a sintered hollow cylindric bushing to conform to the shape of a shaft on which the bushing is carried. Compressed powdered metal bushings and a porous powdered metal floating seal having

lubrication characteristics is used in connection with ball bearings.

A bearing having sintered powdered metal

facings integrally bonded to a reinforcing

member of solid steel or copper. Iron powder of special characteristics is used in a method of making iron or iron

alloy for bearings; the powder is made by

electro-deposition.

3. Chemical Processes Employing Metal Powders or Employing

Catalysts Which Comprise Metal Powders

Frink 43, 983

Phillips 114,848

Vigneron. 547,824

Rice 794, 552

Finely pulverized or precipitated metallic copper is used in amalgamating silver ores with little loss of mercury. To prevent loss of mercury during amalgamation with gold, zinc chips and strips of copper are added. To make mercury more effective in amalgamation with precious metals, powdered

aluminum is acted on by copper sulphate

and introduced into mercury.

Finely divided copper or silver is added to mercury containing gold amalgam to unite with the gold.
Powder Metallurgy 63

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Chemical Processes Employing Metal Powders or Employing

Catalysts Which Comprise Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Langer

Rice - Gepp

Raney

Snelling

Raney

Gaus, et al

Mittasch, et al Murray

Brandt

Kramer

Raney

Hardy

Schlecht, et al_

Schlecht, et al_

815, 717

875, 381

1, 395, 811

1, 563, 587

1, 617, 353

1, 628, 190

1, 812, 399

1, 816, 122

1, 839, 800

1, 868, 044

1, 901, 656

1, 915, 473

1, 922, 037

1, 941, 111

1, 944, 849

Nickel carbonyl formed by passing carbon

monoxide over heated, finely divided

nickel. Finely divided iron used to combine with

sulphur and reduce zinc content in treating sulfid ores to remove zinc. In electrolytic process for producing zinc to make lithopone, zinc dust is used to

precipitate cobalt. Preparing catalytic nickel by fusing together

nickel and silicon, pulverizing mass and

dissolving silicon with solvent. Powdered tellurium, prepared by precipita- tion or grinding, is used as a precipitant

for gold and is separated therefrom by

volatilization of tellurium. Metallic nickel in catalytic state is produced

by alloying it with aluminum and dis- solving aluminum with solvent. Iron carbonyl produced by whirling powdered

metal mixed with a liquid such as paraffin

oil, inert against the metal but capable of

dissolving carbon monoxide, in a chamber

with gaseous carbon monoxide.

Improvement on the production of iron carbonyl from action of carbon monoxide

on finely divided iron. In recovering indium and zinc from ore by

electrolysis, zinc dust is used to precipitate metals such as gold, silver, copper, and

indium.

Production of iron carbonyl wherein metallic

iron is mixed with finely divided copper

to increase yield. Stable suspensions of materials capable of forming metal carbonyls, in which the metal in suspension may be nickel powder.

Preparing catalytic material by treating

with hydrogen gas powdered alloy of catalytic material, such as nickel, and

aluminum or silicon. Forming agglomerated mass of alkali metal

with another metal for use as deoxidizers using metal powders.

Metal carbonyls are produced by passing

carbon monoxide upward in a pressure

vessel filled with a suspension of iron in iron carbonyl.

Nickel and other metal carbonyls are produced, granular and powdered reaction material being used together.
64 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Chemical Processes Employing Metal Powders or Employing

Catalysts Which Comprise Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee

Bennett

Harrison, et al

Holzwarth

Groombridge, et al

Danciger

Mowlds

Michael

Hellriegel

Klemme, et al

Quisling

Aehnelt

Overhoff Dean

Connolly

Thomas

U. S. Patent No.

1, 975, 076

2, 070, 079

2, 214, 765

2, 234, 245

2, 242, 115

2, 245, 217

2, 254, 806

2, 267, 099

2, 292, 570

2, 293, 359

2, 305, 657

2, 307, 421

2, 317, 153

2, 324, 067

2, 325, 287

Subject

In production of metallic carbonyls, car- bonyl-forming metal is converted into

oxide-free metal powder by amalgamating

metal with mercury and vacuum, distilling the mercury from amalgam.

Production of nickel catalyst using briquetted

powdered nickel matte to which powder,

finely divided copper, or iron may be added. For precipitating silver from photo process- ing baths a metal higher in electromotive

series than silver is finely divided and

dispersed in an organic colloid such as

gelatin.

Producing composition for use as catalyst

by reducing sintered mixture of finely divided copper oxide and iron. Metal carbonyls manufactured by charging a selected metal in finely divided condition

into the contact tower in form of a spray or

cloud. For precipitating unwanted metals from

zinc sulfate solution, 50 pounds zinc dust

treated with a wetting agent equal 200

pounds untreated zinc dust in activity.

Producing catalyst by pressing and treating

with hydrogen sintered iron powder and

alkali metal compound.

Production of molybdenum carbonyl using

molybdenum powder as an ingredient.

Preparing catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion by treating powdered iron or iron oxide with steam to which hydrogen has been added, and reducing oxides. Preparing acetyl salicylic acid which will not cake using antielectrostatic and/or

interspersing agents, such as aluminum

powder.

Decolorizing and purifying liquids, such as saccharine juices, by contacting with

aluminum powder and an adsorbent. Porous silver catalyst produced from silver powder and oxygen-containing compound

of silver. In production of electrolytic manganese, a

solution containing salt of a hydrxoy

amine and impure manganese salt is agitated with powdered manganese to remove copper, iron, etc. Catalyst for desulfurization of hydrocarbons

employing aluminum powder or flakes. Catalytic masses suitable for hydrocarbon

conversion using metal powders and other

ingredients formed into pellets used as packing material.
Powder Metallurgy 65

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Chemical Processes Employing Metal Powders or Employing

Catalysts Which Comprise Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee

Zeltner

Berger, et al.

Ipatieff, et al__. Hahn

Pitzer

Nord

Nord

Bennett, et al_. Archibald, et al

Kirkpatrick

Davies

Houghton

Sabia

Seabury, et al_

.

Seabury, et al_ Reygagne _.

Edwards, et alii. S. Patent No.

2, 326, 275

2, 326, 324

2, 327, 189

2, 328, 140

2, 328, 846

2, 329, 933

2, 329, 934

2, 330, 664

2, 331, 292

2, 331, 915

2, 335, 585

2, 339, 929

2, 340, 021

2, 347, 131

2, 347, 132

2, 348, 849

2, 353, 657

Subject

Hydrogenation catalyst prepared by treat- ing powdered alloy, consisting essentially

of nickel, with weak organic acid. Maintenance of dielectric stability of insulat- ing oils such as are used in high voltage

power cables, by adding hydrogenation

catalyst, such as nickel, platinum, cobalt

or copper to oil. Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons using

metal powders, such as copper, zinc and

alumina, which may be formed into pellets. Hydrogenation catalyst comprising mixture

of powdered nickel and magnesium, and

aniline. Catalyst, useful in hydrocarbon conversion,

made from metallic aluminum amalgamated in mercury and dissolved in dilute

acid. Platinim metal catalysts comprising colloidal solution of palladium, soluble vanadium

compound, and protective colloid. Platinum metal catalyst comprising colloidal solution of metal of platinum group and

homogeneous nonresinous synthetic or- ganic polymer.

Oxidation catalyst comprising mixture of platinum metals with metal oxide. Producing catalyst which comprises heating an alumina and impregnating with a dehydrogenating metal or metal compound.

Hydrogenation catalyst produced by coating

finely divided particles of inert substantially nonporous material such as fused alumina with mixture of noble metal

compound and alkali metal nitrate. Manufacture of antimonyl derivatives of saturated aliphatic acids utilizing anti- mony powder.

Preparing catalytic material utilizing metal

of the group nickel, copper and cobalt. Producing nickel catalyst by passing nitric acid vapors over nickel. Manufacture of litharge ingredient for stor- age batteries utilizing some powdered lead. Converting Barton litharge to red litharge

utilizing some powdered lead. Refining carbon and silicon in cast-iron by

pouring molten cast iron into bottom of

ladle containing carbon iron scrap and

hammer-scale and stirring. Treating castings to reduce shrinkage cavities with gaseous oxygen and particles of combustible metal.
66 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Chemical Processes Employing Metal Powders or Employing

Catalysts Which Comprise Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Gwynn

Marek

Brown

Lutz

Adeline Rochow

Rochow, et al Patnode

Sprung, et al

Streicher

Breuer

Wallingford, et al

Aitchison

Schmidt

Harder, et al

Johnson

2, 364, 970

2, 365, 202

2, 367, 263

2, 367, 296

2, 370, 610

2, 380, 995

2, 380, 996

2, 380, 997

2, 380, 998

2, 380, 999

2, 384, 501

2, 391, 004

2, 391, 530

2, 392, 353

2, 392, 952

2, 393, 160

2, 393, 636

Producing catalysts by treating mass of metal, such as nickel, silver, etc., with

acid of phosphorus and decomposing salt formed to convert it to catalytically active form of metal. Preparing ferric hydrate adapted for re- moval of hydrogen sulfide from liquid or gaseous media by atmospheric corrosion

of moist finely divided metallic iron. Transferring molybdenum from spent catalyst to fresh solid catalytic material by

vaporization and condensation on catalyst

carrier. Making leaded phenol resins comprising

finely divided carbon black added to resin ous material containing lead particles. Carbon-free ferro-manganese produced by

mixing manganese ores with scrap alu- minum and igniting.

Powdered silicon and copper, pressed into

pellets, are heated with methyl bromide

to form methyl tribromosilane and di- methyl dibromosilane. Methyl chloride is used to react with powdered metal catalysts.

Preparation of powdered metal catalysts for uses as above.

Catalyst of 2,380,995 is contacted with hydrogen or nitrogen in adition to the hydrocarbon halide. Catalyst is prepared by alloying platinum

with base metal, chemically removing base metal from alloy leaving finely divided platinum. Iron powder, produced by treating an iron- aluminum alloy with an alkaline solution,

is used as catalyst in refining butadiene. Magnesium turnings are catalyzed with

chloroform in the metallation of beta keto

esters. Pulverulent iron is used in a flux forming

fuel mixture. Used to produce holes in concrete, rock, or other meltable minerals. In producing resin alcohol, catalysts are activated by depositing them on an inert metal powder.

Suspensions of finely divided iron-carbon

alloy in water containing a corrosion-in- hibitor used in a heavy media separation

process. Powdered metal is employed as a heat-carrier material in the conversion of hydrocarbons.
Powder Metallurgy 67

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

3. Chemical Processes Employing Metal Powders or Employing

Catalysts Which Comprise Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee

Johnson

Gerhold

Foster Patterson Weber, et al_ Griffith, et al Hemminger_

.

Taylor

Schutte

Cadwell

Somerville

Somerville

Benning, et al

Griffith, et al

Bahlke, et al

Salminen, et al

Birch, et al

Boettger, Jr., et al

Dickey, et al O'Loughlin

U. S. Patent No.

2, 393, 909

2, 394, 164

2, 395, 263

2, 395, 291

2, 395, 307

2, 396, 569

2, 397, 485

2, 397, 767

2, 398, 725

2, 400, 029

2, 400, 057

2, 401, 897

2, 405, 302

2, 405, 395

2, 407, 207

2, 407, 214

2, 408, 036

2, 412, 209

2, 413, 153

Subject

A finely divided Ni catalyst is used to protect

against damage due to high temperature

by solid coolants. Metal powders are used in fused salt mixtures to prevent corrosion of containers. Finely divided aluminum or iron may be used to prepare metal halide catalysts.

Aluminum powder may be used in preparing

a porous aluminum chloride catalyst.

Heavy metal pellets are used in the preparation of organic salts. Powdered zinc coated with copper and tin is used to purify zinc electrolytes used in the recovery of zinc from zinc ores. Iron particles are used in a preheater or other vessel separate from reactor for a hydrocarbon conversion process to avoid

corrosion. Powdered copper is used in making copper

soap. A method of magnetic separation by intro- ducing a comminuted or finely divided

magnetic material such as powdered iron, used in separating nonmagnetic mixtures, one component of which combines with or adheres to the magnetic particles.

Powdered metals are used in exothermic re- action charge to produce molten metal for welding operations.

Copper powder is used as an additive in compounding synthetic rubber.

Metallic copper may be used as a vulcanization accelerator in producing a synthetic

rubber. Large amounts of zinc dust are used as a

catalyst in the preparation of tetrafluoro- ethylene.

A purification agent for electrolytes comprising zinc dust coated with indium and

copper. Powdered tungsten may be used as a heat

transfer material in a process for making

acetylene.

Raney nickel is used as a reducing agent in a process of producing P-phenylene dia- mines. Raney nickel may be used as a catalyst in the production of an aviation or motor

fuel. Powdered copper, nickel, or brass are used

to make a matrix for use in electrolytic

pinacol production.

Raney nickel is used as a catalyst in the

preparation of aliphatic amines. A pelleted block nickel catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of nitrohydroxy compounds.
68 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.

Patentee

Sorel Goodyear

Erhard

Brown

Noggerath

Batchelder

Muller Wood

Dreyfuss et al__

Peterson, et al__ Boettger

Hofer

Wohlfarth, et al Cunningham, __

Laurense, et al_ Howes

Tuttle

Juel

Paul

U. S. Patent No.

924

4, 005

44, 944

52, 673

72, 601

89, 274

122, 636

148, 795

190, 477

209, 625

211, 961

215, 222

218, 102

226, 497

229, 427

242, 649

245, 328

252, 383

258, 108

Subject

For coating copper, iron, etc., with zinc the metal is surrounded with pulverized zinc and charcoal and heat treated. India rubber fabric is filled with metal

filings, etc., to render it firm. Silk or other fiber flock is applied to varnished paper with bronze, German metal and

steel powders. For coating wood, paper, glass, etc., alkaline silicate is used as an undercoat over which metal powders are applied dry or in

carrier. Metallizing fabrics with metal powders to

give appearance of open-work metal. In surfacing fabrics with bronze or metal

powders, powder is applied over size and

coated fabric calendered. To stamp lead pencil bronze powder applied

to varnished surface, and impressed with

heated die. Coating for rolled iron or steel, of pulverized

metals, borax, flake white and lime, fused and repowdered.

Finishing cardboard for perforating by

calendering cardboard coated with mixture

of finely divided metallic zinc, glue, starch and wax.

Sized paper is bronzed in a chamber where

bronze powder is kept circulating. Bronze powder is applied to wood, porcelain,

glass, etc., over a coat of soluble glass. Molding is gilded by coating with whiting,

gold-size, starch size and bronze dust. Applying metal powders to floor and wall coverings by mixing with soluble glass and

imprinting upon surfaces before hardening.

To coat hard rubber, ivory, glass, etc.. metal

powder, etc., is applied over varnish

coat and given over-coats of varnish and

collodion. Applying gilding and bronzing powders to moldings by brushing on in liquid form. To ornament metal buttons, solder filings are sprinkled over layer of gold or silver

filings, and solder melted to fasten gold. Sheet packing of rubber, paper, etc., is coated with adhesive, a layer of brass,

iron, etc., filings and calendered. Producing metallic textile fabric comprising

textile base and burnished coating of metal powders and caoutchouc. Decorative glass is first coated with adhesive, then with metal powders, chips or

filings.
Powder Metallurgy 69

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No. Subject

Hartnagel.

White

Brown.

.

Gehring.

Martin_.

Trout. _.

Edge....

Laval

Storey_1 Pennington.

Wheeler

Buckman...

Kennedy.

Ash, et al.

Gross

.

Tooker. _ Coleman.

Coleman.

Dickey. _

274, 594

278, 206

304, 069

310, 042

321, 234

335, 725

360, 283

368, 839

369, 414

380, 515

437, 468

451, 261

470, 492

509, 280

546, 446

603, 296

629, 426

629, 427

639, 537

Window shades are sized and coated with

metal powders.

Leather, or other fabric is first coated with

gutta-percha or rubber adhesive, then

with bronze powder.

Process of metallizing wood by applying

zinc in plastic state. Process of overlaying or decorating glass, porcelain and metal articles with alumi- num or aluminum-bronze.

Producing clouded, colored or bronze sur- face on paper by applying color in a wash

and absorbing surplus color. Manufacturing wall-paper employing silicate of soda and bronze powder for ornamentation. To decorate jewelry, copper wire is arranged on gold backing in a pattern, gold or silver

filings sweated together around copper, and copper eaten away.

Glass is silvered by process which applies to final coat of silver-lining bronze powder.

To design-coat oilcloth, pattern is printed in cement, metal powder dusted over it. Incorporating powdered metallic zinc in wrapping paper for metallic articles to prevent rusting or tarnishing.

Scissors handles, etc., are finished by coating

with gold size, etc., applying metal

powder and baking. Before tinning metal sheets, sheets are united by coating edges to be joined with

paste containing metal powder.

Coating for iron comprising tobacco juice

mixed with pulverized metal. Paper, wood, etc., are metal plated by

first coating with varnish carrying powdered metal, immersing in silver nitrate from which silver precipitates in a film. Bright steel tube bicycle frames are coated with size, baked to give size tack, dusted

with aluminum bronze powder, baked

varnished and baked.

In gilding china, gold precipitated by mercury is used with other ingredients.

Coating for metal ship bottoms, etc., of layer

of paint with comminuted soft metal, second coating of paint, and layer of comminuted copper. Wood exposed to sea water is coated with

powdered copper embedded in the wood.

Sheet iron and steel are protected by coating

w'ith mixture of powdered aluminum and

lead oxide, then hammering or rolling.
70 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Coleman.

Coleman

Ahrle Cowper-Coles

Coleman

Coleman

Coleman

Reuhl

Coleman

Cowper-Coles.

Rauhoff

Ludewig

Connell

Norton

Paton

Gauntlett

U. S. Patent No.

682, 173, 682, 174

682, 914

694, 227

701, 298

717, 080

741, 227,

741, 228

741, 769

800, 017

819, 125

829, 386

830, 003

846, 585

886, 349

896, 751

904, 444

910, 369

Subject

Protective coating for chemical holding

tanks, etc., is applied by first coating with

paint, then with comminuted metal or

alloy, applying finely divided solder, and

heat treating.

Coating for metal ship bottoms of layer of

paint, layer of finely divided vegetable

insulation with powdered copper hammered into coatings.

Photographic plates are coated with varnish

base, softener, and bronze powder.

Powdered, partially oxidized zinc is applied

to metal to be coated, and the whole heat

treated. Corrosion and high temperature resistant coating for metal, of outer layer of powdered metal or alloy, and intermediate

layer of comminuted soft metal. Coating for ship bottoms of varnish and

paint over which 80-mesh copper is blown

and hammered in. Coating for ship bottoms of layer of paint,

layer of ground and oiled wood and layer

of copper powder.

Process of finishing moldings by applying

mixture of powdered bronze fluxed with

suitable liquid carrying, adhering and

protecting mediums.

Coating for ship bottoms; coating is of paint

and powdered copper as in preceding patents, but applied in number of layers.

Metal is coated with antimony by applying

antimony in powdered form and heat

treating.

Waterproofing cement blocks by applying

powdered metallic iron held in suspension

in water, particles oxidizing and expanding

to fill pores of block. Bronze printings having silk-like appearance; bronze powder is mixed with soluble powdered carrier applied over solvent which renders carrier transparent.

Railway rail is given track coating of pul- verized nickel, manganese, etc., mechanically worked into surface. Iron or steel sheets are coated along seams

with varnish and aluminum bronze powder.

Iron or steel sheets are varnished, aluminum

powder brushed on, and burnished. To coat metal articles, finely divided metal is mixed with equal or greater quantity of powdered silica or carbon, packed around

metal article and the whole heated.
Powder Metallurgy 71

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Scott

Sang

Rossi

Price

Burgess

Avis, Jr

Benrath, et al

Wickel

Kaufman

Marino

Jones

Gilson

Schoop

Pannill

VanAller

Atuesta Maddy, et al_

U. S. Patent No.

931, 503

948, 663

986, 504

995, 289

1,014, 749,

1, 014, 750.

1, 029, 522

1, 031, 616

1, 047, 867

1, 060, 098

1, 077, 357

1, 082, 123

1, 091, 057

1, 128, 059

1, 149, 940

1, 155, 974

1, 157, 283

1, 161, 944

Subject

Coating articles by dipping in bronze liquid

bath containing bronze powder and blowing air through for uniform coating. Iron or steel articles are coated by immersing

in copper or zinc dust, and passing electric current there through.

To coat steel with titanium, powdered alloy

of titanium and iron is packed against steel and heated. Cloth for theater curtain is given metallized coating by suitable under-coats and sur- facing of aluminum and ultramarine blue powder.

To coat iron or steel article, zinc-iron alloy in granular form is applied and the whole

heated. For coating aluminum with tin, composition

of stannous chlorid, zinc chlorid and

powdered tin is used. Producing threads having metallic luster by

passing through mixture of metallic bronzes or powders with solutions of

cellulose acetates. Metal foil paper for hot-embossing is made by

coating tissue with melted carnauba wax, and bronzing.

Manufacture of metallic paper by applying on waterproof or grease-proof paper, with

engraved roller, paste of metal powder,

and adhesive liquid such as shellac. Ceramic surfaces are metallized by coating

with iron or other metal fluoride, and precipitating iron by another metal. Moving picture screen; oilcloth base is softened, coated and metal powder rubbed

into coating.

To protect metals against corrosion they are heated in nonoxidizing atmosphere with

powdered mixture of pure aluminum,

aluminum oxide and a chloride. Producing coherent metallic coatings by projecting finely divided unmolten metal onto

surface by a reducing gas. Moving picture screen; canvas is coated with

linseed oil and Japan drier, aluminum or gold powder rubbed in. To protect iron and copper from oxidation they are heated with aluminum powder to

alloy aluminum with surface iron or

copper. Before being given a black finish ferrous

articles are sherardized using zinc dust

of 80 to 92 percent metallic zinc. To protectively coat metal frames of build- ings in situ, powdered lead, etc., is mixed

with mercury salt and fused on frames.
72 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V: APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Collins, et al Kurth

Stolle, et al_

Koch

FahrenwalcL

Bernheim

Edison

Honeywell

KrummlingWard

Wise

Willmott.-.

Ruder

Kelley

Schweinert__

Meade, et al

U. S. Patent No.

1, 169, 529

1, 176, 571

1, 178, 551

1, 223, 399

1, 236, 383

1, 244, 414

1, 266, 778

1, 281, 374

1, 282, 014

1, 294, 001

1, 320, 950

1, 346, 062

1, 365, 499

1, 366, 963

1, 376, 961

Subject

In coating metals with zinc, or "sherardizing," zinc dust of 80 to 92 percent purity

is found most desirable. Copper plates or tubes liable to attack by

sea water are protected by firmly pressing

iron filings into the surface. For hardening ferrous articles, article is locally heated and powdered metal, alloy, or carbon sprayed on surface, thus elim- inating packing article in dust and heating.

Bronzed paper; first a varnish-proof coating

is applied to paper, i then tacky varnish,

then powdered metal. Tungsten or molybdenum is coated with gold

by applying powdered gold or gold salt in cleansing flux and heating. Iron articles are coated with zinc by heating

in 50 percent zinc powder and 50 percent

aluminum powder.

Projection screen; oil cloth is heated until tacky and powdered aluminum or mixtures

containing it rubbed on. Varnishing balloons; cloth is varnished and

mixture of aluminum powder and French

chalk rubbed in. Mouthpieces for cigarettes made by squirting

coating of liquid mixture of metal powders

at intervals on web of cigarette paper. Dry galvanizing; finely powdered zinc is mixed with flake graphite, which permits

a higher percentage of zinc to be employed.

Sheets to be dry galvanized are curved and

stacked together with metal powder be- tween them, and spaced apart by asbestos

strips, etc. This prevents deforming of

sheets.

;

For stamping book covers, die face is greased,

metal powder applied to die, and die impressed on thermoplastic coating on

book. Metals are rendered inoxidizable at high

temperatures by surface alloying in contact with aluminum powder.

Iron or steel is heated with powdered metallic chromium under nonoxidizing conditions, to form surface alloy. Bores in tire valves are rust-proofed by

revolving casings and zinc dust in a barrel, with application of heat. Coloring and finishing surface of grain- leather by coating with metal precipitated

from soluble compound.
Powder Metallurgy 73

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—--Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Sorensen.

Meade, et al. Grinlinton _ _

.

Wickel

KoperskLCavanaugh.

Stewart, et al.

Tesse

Robinson.

Wysocki.

Martin. _

Pfeil.

Pfeil_-_--_--

Morgan, et al.

Buzza

Fleming

Whyte_--_--

Grimm

1, 380, 847

1, 385, 184

1, 431, 395

1, 465, 107

1, 481, 610

1, 510, 654

1, 513, 349

1, 521, 055

1, 539, 512

1, 541, 550

1, 557, 530

1, 565, 495

1, 565, 496

1, 567, 163

1, 572, 180

1, 574, 615

1, 600, 156

1, 614, 611

Providing ferrous metal articles with corrosion resisting coating consisting of mixture

of caustic alkali, water, metal powder and

metal oxygen compound.

Finishing leather with coating including

selenium powder. For tinning copper, brass, etc., powdered tin

is mixed with a carrier, and powdered

stearic acid is used for a flux. Manufacturing metal-coated paper whose

surface consists of metal powder and

binder of bituminous substance. Finishing wood by applying mixture of metal

dust and varnish to wood having filler coat. Ornamenting and soil-proofing fabrics by

applying liquid carrier or binding medium

containing metal powders to impregnated

fabric. Zinc dust of 65 to 75 percent metallic zinc, and 3 to 7 percent iron is applied to metal

articles, in revolving barrel with application of heat. Coating areoplane cloth with flexible coating

containing metal powder imprisoned be- tween two layers of rigid cellulose ester. Roofing material; powdered copper in ni- trated cellulose is sprayed on asphalt base

roofing felt. Capping a bottle by applying a solution containing aluminum powder.

Producing metallic screens for luminous projections by applying coating of gold and

aluminum powders.

A protective aluminum coating may be applied to iron, etc., by protecting aluminum

powder therefor from oxide coating. A

powder is formed an oil is added. Tin-coated ferrous metal is heated until tin melts; finely divided aluminum is applied

thereto until tin will absorb no more. Preventing discoloration of canned foods by

mixing insoluble metallic compound in powdered form in lacquer coating for containers. Parchment greeting card; parchment is heated, printed, sized, dusted with bronze

powder.

Roofing material; fibrous material coated with bituminous material is surfaced with

bronze powder.

Separating paint for relief designs on non-

, absorbent wall surfaces, over which may

be applied gold or bronze powder.

Coating for paper made by mixing metal

powders with shellac and waxy substance.
74 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Grimm_

.

Richards

Powell- _

Brandus.

Lay

Kelley—

Cole.

Dely-_-

Schoop.

Watkins.

Neuber, et al.

Johnson

Watkins.

Watkins.

1, 617, 946

1, 647, 055

1, 662, 865

1, 711, 603

1, 718, 563

I, 729, 065

1, 735, 000

1, 758, 473

1, 804, 991

1, 810, 409

1, 816, 922

Producing tinted, burnished, metal-coated paper employing metal powders, a hard

resin, a soft gum, and a dry wax. Laminated powdered metallic lead-and- dipped-rubber glove for X-ray operators. Decorative coating for metal articles comprising mixture of lacquer and gold- bronze. Telephone cable armor comprising molding

mixture of iron powder and finely divided

lead alloy. Aluminum alloy powders of great uniformity,

for coating metal, are obtained by adding

aluminum to powdered clay base in small amounts, igniting in inert atmosphere and

repeating until desired percentage of aluminum is obtained in powder.

Protecting metal against oxidation at high

temperatures consists in heating in hydro- gen atmosphere, with mixture of powdered

chromium and silicon. Powder for coating iron or steel articles by

revolving in cylinder contains emery,

copper-zinc precipitate, aluminum powder,

and other ingredients.

To facilitate welding together of copper

particles used to coat steel or iron plates, copper particles are mixed, for application,

with sodium fluoride. Producing metal coatings by applying a re- ducing melting flame to mixture of metal

powders and liquid combustible in closed chamber.

Forming a film of a plating metal on the metal to be plated by coating with plating

suspension in finely divided condition and

heating.

Metalizing fibrous materials comprising precipitating metal on material by reduction from metallic salt solution. Coating metal surfaces with bath containing

metal powders and liquid vehicle, includ- ing linseed oil, certain gums, and certain metal salts. Plating alloy of two metals is applied on

ferrous base by first plating with zinc, then

applying copper particles in spreading

medium, and heating. Concrete has a permanent coating of rubber,

bonded thereto by reaction product of iron and copper sulphate. Powdered iron

is applied in paste form.
Powder Metallurgy 75

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Taylor

George

Crawford __

Marshall - _

George

Griffiths. _ _ Turner Howe

McKay

Menshon_ _ Swenson

Frisch

Jones Brumbaugh

Bradley

Knapp

U. S. Patent No.

1, 825, 252

1, 832, 199

1, 833, 317

1, 853, 369

1, 877, 394

1, 885, 344

1, 893, 830

1, 899, 569

1, 940, 315

1, 942, 763

1, 968, 269

1, 979, 031

1, 998, 506

2, 004, 567

2, 009, 573

2, 020, 787

Subject

Rubber hot water bottle, shower curtains,

etc., are decorated with metal powder

dusted over adhesive. Powder may be

coated with organic dye.

Producing "frosted effect" by impregnating woven fabric with liquid composition in- cluding metal powders and China wood oil. Projection screens; fabric is prime-coated,

and aluminum powder and mica dusted on and varnished over. Chromium alloy coating for carbon steel articles may be obtained by heating in contact with two-mesh chromium and

bleaching powder. Bleach dissociated giving off halogen which displaces any air in treating chamber, eliminating oxidation. Treating fabric comprising passing it through

liquid bath containing a metallic pigment,

such as aluminum powder, and then

passing through rolls. Fountain pen sac is coated with aluminum

powder.

Producing wire fabric by coating with alu- minum powder in suitable vehicle, such

as spar varnish. Iron is given smooth chromium coating at low temperature (900° C) by using mixture

of granular zinc and chromium powder,

zinc vapor preventing oxidation. Applying colored lustre finished to rubber

articles by coating with mixture of alumi- num powder and colored rubber ink. Producing marking designs on fibrous materials by applying suspension of metal

powders in dilute silicate solution. Metallic coating composition for decorating

candles comprising mixing metal powders

with solution of solvent and ester gum.

Dusting composition for rubber dolls which

may contain powdered magnesium and

aluminum.

Mounting for leaf and powdered metals

consisting of adhesive coated aluminum

foil. Enamel on metal, ceramics, etc., is spraycoated with metal powder, and heated to fuse enamel and metal. Wire is dry galvanized with zinc dust by

drawing wire through a heated, agitated

bed of the dust. Improvement on 1,833,317; fabric of screen

is embossed into raised and depressed

areas, depressions carrying metallized

coating, to increase diffusion of light.
76 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Humphner

Taylor

Moore

Ihrig

Damitz

Waitman

Reardon, et al___

Hefter

Frost McBurney

Matthews

Enders

Allan, et al Kolb

Lanenstein, et aL

Ihrig

Hartwick.

XL S. Patent No.

2, 032, 845

2, 034, 008

2, 041, 297

2, 046, 629

2, 060, 928

2, 072, 229

2, 078, 808

2, 081, 234

2, 083, 441

2, 087, 094

2, 091, 714

2, 097, 024

2, 101, 887

2, 103, 538

2, 105, 888

2, 109, 485

Subject

Adhesive tape having metallic coating of metal powder, casein, clay and wax, and

pressure-sensitive coating on opposite sides of web of paper.

Artificial threads are coated with metal

powders, etc., continuously with their extrusion. Producing metallic coated membrane by

applying coating containing metal powder

and a resinous, fatty or waxy substance. Iron or steel is heated in contact with an

organic salt of an acid of nickel, etc. Salt decomposes, nickel powder adhering

to iron or steel surface. Cork and pulpboard closures for food or medicine containers are coated with shellac base dusted with metal powder or other pigment.

Metal is tinned by dipping wet sponge in dry mixture of stannous chloride and a

tartrate, and then in pulverized zinc and

rubbing on metal surface. Dry powdered base for metallic coating

composition comprising metal powder and

powdered synthetic resin material. Stoneware, porcelain, etc., are coated first with lacquer containing bismuth over which precious metal powder is applied.

Producing lacquer-coated sheet material with mineral coating containing metallic pigments and adhesive dispersed in water. High metallic luster on fabrics, etc. is obtained by applying, over specific base coat, aluminum dust, buffing, and baking. Protective coating for mirrors comprising de- polymerized chlorinated rubber containing metallic filler of metal powders.

Iron or steel is coated by packing and heating in mixture of aluminum and silicon powders.

Producing effects on textile materials with

aluminum powder or other metal powder

in cellulose acetate solution. Protective coating for reflectors comprising

powdered metallic pigment and glycerol

phthalate.

Silicon coating applied by heating in contact with powdered silicon and sodium chloride. Impregnating metals with silicon by heating in contact with a siliconizing agent such as powdered silicon ferro-silicon or

silicon carbide. Resin film for coating barrels for alcoholic beverages comprising metal powder as the

stabilizing pigment.
Powder Metallurgy 77

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Includint Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Clayton

Marr

Hall, et al

Vatter

Higgins

Karl___ --.

Smith

Ariotti

Cooper

Ihrig

Smith

Humes

Ihrig

Waite

Antrim

Long

Larson

Davis

Adams

737128—47-

2, 120, 434

2, 123, 537

2, 125, 341

2, 139, 431

2, 139, 824

2, 143, 948

2, 150, 789

2, 151, 312

2, 157, 594

2, 157, 902

2, 161, 104

2, 163, 601 Reissue

20,719 of 2,163,753.

2, 169, 078

2, 213, 644

2, 236, 911

2, 254, 013 Reissue

22,346 of 2,275,133.

2, 279, 268

Producing water-proof vehicle top cover by

treating with liquid latex mixed with

aluminum powder.

Powder-spraying apparatus.

High luster metallic finish for coated cellulose derivative fabrics. Acetate film is super- imposed over metal powder.

To coat ceramic bodies, highly refractory

powdered base metal in an organic binder

is applied and sintered. Lustered fabric prepared by 2,087,094 is given one coat of transparent nontarnishing composition which may be colored. Coatings that stick to paper, leather, cello- phane, etc. are made by applying design

with lacquer, dusting on metal powder,

fluxing, and fusing molten metal over metal powder.

Producing metallic coating on cement sur- faces by applying mixture of caustic alkali and metal powder.

Producing hammered metal finish by applying, by a splattering operation, coating

composition comprising metal powder,

synthetic or resinous base, and a solvent. To chromize ferrous metal, it is embedded in chromium powder and ferrous chloride,

and heated in closed vessel. Impregnating metals with silicon. Metallic coating comprising metal powder

mixed with aqueous or alcohol solution of a

salt. Adhesive-protective coating for typewriter

ribbons containing aluminum powder.

Coating metals with silicon.

Imprinted cigarette paper is coated with

cloud of bronze dust. Making transfer device for repeated manifolding use comprising metal powder mixed

in inking solution. Glass is mirrored by depositing powdered

metal, etc., while glass is in tempered state 400° to 200° C. Coating for hairpins comprising metal powders suspended in natural or colored lac- quer. Carburizing gears employing powdered iron and iron oxide and hydrocarbon gases. Coating for metals comprising mixing alumi- num powder with zinc soap dispersed in solvent.
78 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Ward

Rittmann

Wesley, et al Wick

Gallagher

Faust Franks

Holton, et al

Leekley

Davie, et al_

MacNeil

Babcock

Finch

Sorem, et al_

Armentrout. Benson

Chesler

U. S. Patent No.

2, 280, 135

2, 282, 000

2, 289, 614

2, 293, 420

2, 294, 744

2, 296, 840

2, 299, 813

2, 301, 048

2, 302, 332

2, 307, 027

2, 308, 704

2, 309, 377

2, 310, 946

2, 313, 596

2, 316, 041

2, 316, 549

2, 319, 585

Subject

Conductive coating for glass containing metal

powders in dispersing agent.

Coating paper containers for lubricating oils with lacquer containing metal powder to render waterproof and oilproof

.

Nickel coating comprising nickel powder

suspended in nitrocellulose lacquer or col- lodion. Manufacture of lacquered shaped articles of sheet metal by means of composition which

may contain aluminum bronze. Coating containing aluminum powder used

for wooden aging barrel for aging of whiskey.

Finishing process comprising applying flaked metal powder to greased surface. Gasket formed of rubber, asbestos or the like, and having sealing surfaces of powdered

low carbon ferrochromium.

Oil-resistant coating for paper pulp containers comprising sugar syrup, comminuted inert thickener, such as graphite,

mica and aluminum, and a setting agent. Decorative coating composition incorporating powdered metals in polyhexamethylene adipamide dispersed in liquid medium,

such as furfuryl alcohol. Coating composition including metal powder, such as copper flake powder, and

vehicle, such as nitrocellulose lacquer, for

glass radio tubes. Coating pointer and dial of indicating in- struments with crushed silver to make

readable against blacked-out background.

Nonleafing aluminum paste comprising adding suitable thinner and deleafing agent to aluminum powder.

Facsimile recording paper; paper sheet., impregnated with lamp black, is coated with

electrosensitive coating containing con- ductive metal powder.

Unemulsified asphalt composition comprising powdered zinc, lead and their oxides dispersed in asphalt to prevent corrosion. Producing simulated hammered metal effect using composition, including flaked metal powder.

Coating for inside of inner tubes, to reduce

static electricity, comprising powders,

such as acetylene carbon black, aluminum

powder, etc. Fabricating pencil of noncalcined type; rod is strengthened by incorporating

aluminum powder in resin jacket.
Powder Metallurgy 79

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Saslaw

Davie, et al

Kjellstrand

Peterson

Hultgren, et al_

.

Ariotti, et al

Barnhart-^

Porter

Crosby

Strobino

Davenport, et al

Harshberger

Harshberger

Harshberger

Shepard

Hucks

Parmenter

2, 321, 523

2, 321, 587

2, 322, 367

2, 322, 702

2, 324, 843

2, 325, 001

2, 325, 584

2, 325, 798

2, 326, 623

2, 328, 105

2, 328, 198

2, 332, 219

2, 332, 220

2, 332, 221

2, 335, 316

2, 335, 760

2, 336, 565

Reclaiming a plate coated with selenium and

with a counter electrode over selenium,

which has broken down under voltage by

pressing on selenium powder at a high

temperature.

Electrically conductive coatings, containing

metal flakes in nitrocellulose lacquer, for

glass envelope tubes or the like. Coating for carbon paper containing alumi- num powder to make paper noncurling and

slip-resistant.

Coating film of conductive material, such as powdered aluminum, used on high voltage

shielded electric cable. Improved luminescent magnesium tungstate

in a temporary vehicle of methanol and a

small proportion of a cellulose material. Simulated hammered metal finish produced

by coating including powdered aluminum

bronze. Lacquer employing metal powders, such as aluminum powder, used for laminating two sheets of paper together.

Paper coating in which pigments, such as aluminum, suspended in a fluid, and an

adhesive, suspended in an aqueous vehicle, are used. Simulated hammered metal effect produced

by spraying on composition including a

flake-metal pigment.

X-ray shielding glove made of pigskin impregnated with finely divided lead. Incorporating finely divided carbon black or aluminum in paper manufacture to make

highly conductive to electricity.

Roofing and siding material which comprises

metallic flakes bonded to a base. Building material comprising mica flakes coated with rosin and overlapping alumi- num flakes. Roofing and siding material comprising mica

flakes bonded to and completely covering base except for interstices which are covered with further divided material of

finer size. Apparatus for conditioning metal surfaces

for the application of metal coatings by

spraying.

Coating composition incorporating alumi- num powder.

Preformed sheet of construction material

consisting of body of asphalt and coating

of hardened hydrous Portland cement

with a filler of metal filings.
80 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Decker

Daly, et al Wampner

Matthews, et al

Jernstedt

Furstenberg

Spelker

Gearhart

Pike

Lehman

Wampner

Straus Oswald

Land

Soff Dupuis

Kollmar

Finch

Flood

2, 338, 802

2, 341, 461

2, 342, 738

2, 342, 853

2, 343, 031

2, 343, 658

2, 343, 925

2, 345, 942

2, 345, 955

2, 346, 624

2, 347, 923

2, 348, 912 % 351, 717

2, 351, 940

2, 351, 974

2, 355, 369

2, 355, 430

Treated turpentine composition, particularly

adapted as finishing composition, incor- porating aluminum bronze flakes. Sheet material which may incorporate metal powders in the dope from which inter- mediate layers are formed. Coating composition having reduced ten- dency to liver or agglomerate comprising

bronze powder, cellulose nitrate, and

neutral salt of malic acid. Coating side of photographic film not carry- ing emulsion layer with finely divided

silver to prevent fungus growth.

Corrosion resistant coating for metal sur- faces which comprises a solution of iron- phosphate, free phosphoric acid, oxidizing

agent, and one or more metals such as

zinc, manganese, and copper. Combination inhaler, cigarette filter, and

holder coated with fine metallic copper in transparent binder.

Stencil for imparting a design to the nonplanar surface of a contoured article which

has conductor coating of powdered iron. Thermoplastic decorative composition which

may employ metal powders with resin

particles. Metallic finish enamel comprising a resin, aluminum flake, and hydroxystearin.

Producing decorated wood surfaces utilizing abrasive particles coated with pigment.

Coating composition having reduced ten- dencies to liver or agglomerate incorporating bronze powder.

Coating composition which comprisies a

binding agent, metal powders, and a lubri- cant. Varnish composition utilizing calcium, lead, and cobalt. Designs produced in light-polarizing areas having backing plate with reflecting surface of aluminum flakes. Decorating surfaces with liquid including a

binder, a solvent, and suspended particles, such as aluminum powder.

Electroplating articles with lacquer film containing lithopone and copper powder.

Silvering surfaces of ceramic ware with composition comprising flux, a solvent vehicle, metallic silver and nickel compound.

Multistylus facsimile recorder incorporating

aluminum powder in record sheet.

Traffic guiding stripe of adhesive layer with

layer of metallic antimony embedded

therein.
Powder Metallurgy 81

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4„ Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc.—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Smith. ____

O'Loughlin

Lipsius____

Mercier

Billing

Mascuch. _ Bacon.____

Clark Auer Soday

Gardner. __ Strab Rubner

Wood

Crist, et aL

Moore

Amberson.

Stratton

2, 355, 756

2, 355, 889

2, 355, 919

2, 356, 527

2, 357, 073

2, 359, 436

2, 361, 527

2, 362, 884

2, 363, 489

2, 366, 219

2, 366, 850

2, 367, 152

2, 368, 161

2, 368, 190

2, 368, 746

2, 368, 767

2, 369, 200

2, 370, 502

Waterproofing coating for plastic material comprising finely divided pigment, such

as aluminum powder, and carrying agent.

Coating composition which may comprise

aluminum flakes dispersed in aqueous

casein solution. Coating foundation with resinous substance and heating to prepare for coating with

metallic or colored powders.

Carpets, linings, etc. having nonslip surfaces which comprise cereal straw in mass of vulcanized rubber in which zinc is in- corporated.

Adhesive composition which may be in- corporated with metal powders in pro- duction of abrasive papers. Electro-plating spark plug conductors with

metal powders.

Uniting fibrous material, such as leather,

utilizing partial polyvinyl acetal resin and

plasticizer therefor, such as powdered

copper or aluminum.

Aluminum-coated paper comprising layer

of aqueous aluminum powder-containing

coating composition.

Flatting agent for use in dull coating compositions which incorporate coated metal

powders.

Adhesive composition of isoprene resin and

rubber which may include metal powder

as filler or pigment.

Composition for use as liner for food containers containing flake aluminum.

Metallized paper for production of condensers made by applying metal coating on paper already having insulating coating.

Raised, glittering markings of aluminum

flakes embedded in permanent binder. Rubber composition having filling of alumi- num powder which strengthens composition.

Apparatus for circulating liquid suspension

of silver powder (in which quartz for high frequency electrical apparatus may

be dipped for coating) to keep suspension

well mixed.

Adhesive composition which may be used

in pigmented coating compositions to provide binding action on pigments.

Treating inflammable nitrocellulose dope

with zinc to render noninflammable

when dry.

Shoe lasts having incorporated therein

electrodes of sprayed metal powders for use in establishing electrostatic fields.
82 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Schenkel

Jones

Taylor

Tognola Bowers

Britcher Leatherman_

Leatherman.

Wilsey, et al

Hyman

Brown

Coughey

Kathe

Kappeler

Rolle

Knox

Frosch

Collins, et al

U. S. Patent No.

2, 372, 124

2, 372, 581

2, 372, 695

2, 372, 867

2, 374, 524

2, 375, 766

2, 378, 714

2, 378, 715

2, 379, 846

2, 380, 047

2, 380, 722

2, 381, 205

2, 381, 911

2, 382, 065

2, 384, 493

2, 385, 580

2, 388, 318

2, 388, 600,

2, 388, 601,

2, 388, 602.

Subject

Illuminating sign utilizing aluminum powder

in light diffusing coating to reflect light. Preventing formation of ice on aircraft comprising mass of porous metal having anti- freezing liquid applied thereto. Producing thermoplastic material which

may have filler of metal powders.

Spark plug having insulating sleeve coated with high heat resisting metal powder such

as nickel or tungsten.

Forming transferable silk screen stencils using protective coating of aluminum

powder.

Apparatus for spraying metal powders on

paper in producing metallized paper.

Fireproofing composition which may in- corporate pigments or metal powders for decorative effects as well as protect chlorinated organic material from de- composing effect of actinic light. Fireproofing composition which may in- corporate pigments or metal powders.

Incorporating bronze powder or carbon

black in lacquer coating for paper to

facilitate perforating paper by electrical discharges.

Apparatus for applying uniform coatings,

which may be metal powders, to rough

surfaced materials. Finely divided lead hardened with calcium is extruded as a sheath on electric cable. Metallic powders are used as fillers in moldable compositions made of treated ground

wood.

Powdered copper or other metal is deposited on an electrically nonconductive surface

to produce a conductive film. Metal powder may be added to colloidal graphite and sprayed onto insulation web

to form a wound condenser. Aluminum bronze powder in lacquer vehicle

is used to coat metal prior to carbonizing

to produce black surfaces for radio tube

plates.

Finely divided silver is used in a metal-to- ceramic bonding composition.

Powdered metals may be added to a molding

and coating compound.

Resins produced by these inventions may be

used as vehicles for carrying metal powders

for coatings.
Powder Metallurgy 83

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

4. Coating and Molding Methods and Compositions, Including

Paper Metallizing, Electrical Coatings, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Tone

Sarbach

Nebel

Ullmer

Young

Mudge

Gerhart

Jernstedt, et al Reese Kramer

Kline, et al

Sigmund, et al. Bean

Wagner

Wilson

Morrell

U. S. Patent No.

2, 389, 469

2, 389, 641

2, 389, 682

2, 389, 702

2, 390, 408

2, 390, 452

2, 392, 732

2, 394, 065

2, 397, 623

2, 399, 551

2, 400, 544

2, 400, 576

2, 402, 528

2, 403, 836

2, 405, 249

2, 412, 528

Subject

Powdered aluminum is used in making

adhesive. Metal powder is used as a prime coating

interposed between surface and base member in applying rubbery materials to metal, glass, etc. Chemical formula for a protective or decorative coating for paper, etc., in which

metallic powders may be used. Apparatus for impregnating or coating metal

articles with metal powders.

Aluminum powder may be used as pigment

in antifouling composition, when composition is used on seaplane hulls and

pontoons.

Powdered nickel is used to coat corrosionresistant metal that is to be bonded to a

foundation plate.

Aluminum powder is used in a metal coating

composition.

Powdered iron is used in the production of protective coatings for nonferrous metals. Copper or aluminum powder is used in making an opaque film to be applied to

glass. Powdered tin of aluminum or lead are used

with powdered copper to form coatings for

selective carburization of steel. Powdered metal in diglycol stearate is impregnated on a paper web to form the con- ductive base of an electrosensitive recording blank. Zinc powder is used to coat resin covered

coil heads in a process of depositing

rubber on magnetic cores. Bronzing powder is used for dusting the face

of a pattern mold. A small amount of a lightweight metallic powder such as magnesium or aluminum

powders is used in making self-sealing

layers for a gasoline tank. Powdered metal is used to eliminate solvents from coating films by exposing the films to the effect of an alternating electrostatic

field. Metal powders are used in coating tin cans
84 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Composite Articles in Which Metallic Powders Are Used

for Facings on a Metal Backing or as Fillers

Patentee

Laise Weiger

DeBats

Weiger

Swartz

Swartz

Calkins, et al

Davis

Hildabolt

Marvin

Wellman

Koehiing

Jerabek

Lubbe, et al_

Underwood _

.

John

Hardy, Jr

U. S. Patent No.

1, 390, 243

1, 822, 682

1, 993, 774

2, 004, 259

2, 152, 661 Reissue

22,282 of 2,161,597.

2, 198, 654

2, 199, 620

2, 225, 269

2, 241, 094

2, 289, 311

2, 290, 338

2, 292, 694

2, 317, 786

2, 331, 584

2, 341, 784

2, 348, 130

Subject

Powdered material of low melting point

pressed on plated material and heated. Valve seat of porous body of sintered tungsten impregnated with silver. Method of applying hard facing material such as tungsten carbide with bonding

agent to dies, valve seats or other articles in powdered form and sintered in place.

Improvement on 1,822,682—valve seat of porous body of sintered tungsten impregnated with silver. Making composite metallic elements by cop- per plating with metal powders, compressing, forming and heating steel supporting element. Bonding metal powders to steel backing by

sintering.

Splined joint of coupling wherein some

splines comprise compressed and sintered metal powders.

Fastening porous metal articles, comprising

compressed and sintered metal powders,

to supporting member.

Flat composite stock comprising layer of sintered metal formed from metal powder

bonded to strong metal supporting back for use in fabrication of bushings.

Applying loose metal powder to more dense metal by sintering to bond it. Method for shaping composite article composed of sintered lamina bonded to metallic backing.

Powdered metal sintered on metal backing

by electrical heating.

Producing material for hard facing metallic

articles by melting onto a surface, a mixture of iron, a boride, carbon, chromium and nickel, by electric arc. Pulverized tungsten carbide and binder

metal such as iron or cobalt pressed and

sintered into plates for attachment to

tool or machine members.

Composite article comprising layer of porous

metal powder bonded to a relative nonporous supporting member.

Producing fillets, in hollow steel propeller blades utilizing alloy of copper, nickel, zinc and tin as fillet material.

Projectile resistant armor plating comprising layer of yieldable material, such as rubber, with pockets of hard granulated

material such as iron filings, between two

layers of armor plate.
Powder Metallurgy 85

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

5. Composite Articles in Which Metallic Powders Are Used

for Facings on a Metal Backing or as Fillers—Continued

Patentee

Marvin

Ronay

Schwartzkopf _

Radford

Smith

Horlacher

Aske

Alfthan, et al_.

Alfthan

Burbaker, et al Bourne

Bangham, et al Luckhaupt

Magrum

U. S. Patent No.

2, 350, 179

2, 361, 962

2, 372, 607

2, 376, 084

2, 384, 654

2, 387, 073

2, 390, 343

2, 396, 629

2, 400, 091

2, 400, 099

2, 401, 221

2, 404, 208

2, 406, 428

2, 409, 505

Subject

Composite article comprising porous metal

layer bonded to supporting member of

steel. Metal-cladding a metal surface utilizing

aluminum as deoxidizer. Armor composed of two or more layers of

different compositions preferably hard

carbide or nitride bonded with cementing

metal powder.

Golf ball having core filled with iron powder.

Bearing shell is lined with babbitt by whirl- ing pulverized babbitt metal within shell while heating, then sinteiing and machining. Rotor unit having shell of copper filled with

powdered iron. Granular copper is used as a top layer on a

cast iron head portion of piston.

Powdered copper, iron, lead, brass, etc., may be used as fillers in making shaped

articles of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Powdered copper, iron, lead, brass, etc., may be added to polytetrafluoroethylene in a process for forming porous articles. A molding process for polytetrafluoroethylene, including mixtures of powdered copper, iron, lead, brass, etc., and the polymer.

A method of impregnating porous iron made

from iron powder with copper, in which

the copper is heated sufficient^ to cause

it to flow but not enough to melt the iron. Powdered metals are added to reinforce molded products and to prevent shrinkage

cracks. Powdered iron is used as a reinforcing agent

in a plastic composition.

Powdered aluminum may be incorporated in a lightweight plastic used to mold a shock

absorber for automobiles or airplanes.

6. Dental Amalgams, Etc.

Watts. __

Kearsing.

Lamm

9, 691

51, 459

56, 765

Powdered gold for fillings is prepared by

precipitation, subsequent amalgamation

with mercury, dissolving out the mercury

with nitric acid and heat and washing

with water. Gold for dental use is made by beating it to

foil and grinding foil with molasses. Gold for fillings is precipitated in form of metallic leaves or crystals from solution in nitromuriatic acid by use of saccharine

substances.
86 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

6. Dental Amalgams, Etc.—Continued

Patentee Lamm

Southworth

Sutton, Jr

Buatt

Carroll Juterbock

Dennis

Osius Alexander

Marouke

Kruger

Vogt

Vogt et al

Fischer Hauptmeyer

Gray

Heiligman

Kaufmann, et al

U. S. Patent No.

65, 398,

65, 399

157, 140

168,680

324, 650

475, 382

485, 280

532, 724

819, 249

1, 040, 838

1, 215, 678

1, 473, 482

1, 574, 714

1, 612, 782

1, 803, 386

1, 935, 266

1, 963, 085

2, 206, 502

2, 271, 264

Subject

Gold shreds for dental use are precipitated

from solution of gold in nitromuriatic acid by (1) sugar as precipitant (2) gum arabic

as precipitant.

Amalgam of silver, tin and mercury is filed to powder which is pressed into ready-for- use pellets for fillings. Tin is deposited in spongy crystals on a

strip of zinc, from a solution of muriate

of tin, and is ready for immediate use as

filling. Producing amalgams for dental fillings of powdered gold, or gold and silver, combined with mercury, sulphur and chalk and worked into plastic mass. Dental amalgam employing powdered alloy

of silver, tin, copper and aluminum.

Alloy for dental amalgam, made by rolling

silver-tin alloy in sheets and electroplating sheets with gold after which sheets may be

cut in small pieces.

Comminuted copper, or copper filings, are mixed with gutta percha to make a filling. Dental filling of powdered gold and zinc cement.

Filling of finely divided gold, and waxy

binder.

Precipitated, powdered gold, silver and

copper are mixed with mercury, and dried

to a powdery state. Filling of dry silver powder mixed with a nonbinding solution of germicide in water. Dental alloy, to be powdered for amalgamating with mercury, of , silver and tin plus a

small amount of chromium, tungsten,

vanadium, etc. Dental alloy, to be used in powdered form,

consisting of silver and tin plus a small amount of nickel or cobalt. Powder for use as dental amalgam of finely divided silver alloy particles having a

thin skin of amalgam thereon.

Filling of 50 percent dental cement and 50

percent powdered chromium-nickel iron

or steel alloy neutral to chemical agent.

Producing comminuted alloy of metals for dental amalgams of fine powder which will expand during hardening when combined

with mercury. Cast metallic dentures of compressed mixture of metal powders.

Dental alloys are finely divided by impinging melt on rapidly rotating surface sprayed with a cooling liquid.
Powder Metallurgy 87

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

6. Dental Amalgams, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

U. fe. -Patent No.

Subject

Poetschke_ 2, 281, 991

2,315, 876

Dental alloy of 80 to 95 parts comminuted

silver alloy mechanically mixed with 20 to

5 parts comminuted preformed hardened

silver amalgam.

Cast dentures made from comminuted cake

of sintered metal powders.

Sivil, et al

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders

Case

Starr Eggers

MacDonald_

Irving

Viertel, et al

Deats, et al_

Gilson Moore.

Howard

Gebauer

Wikle

Laise

289, 386

295, 456

413, 438

440, 173

645, 261

842, 730

1, 067, 003

1, 093, 614

1, 254, 056

1, 257, 943

1, 346, 192

1, 375, 879

1, 423, 338

Making electrodes for secondary batteries by

cooling, pressing, and molding melted

metal powders.

Battery electrode; amalgam of lead filings, lead oxide, and mercury. Mixture of pulverized zinc, diluted sulfuric

acid, and mercury used in manufacture of battery zinc. Battery zinc is produced by adding to it an amalgam previously hardened by adding

zinc in small pieces, and then adding

powdered magnesium.

Battery electrode; lead shavings are used in manufacture. Manufacturing electrically conducting bodies comprising pressing, molding, and heating

in reducing atmosphere, mixture of metal

powders and carbon. Making electrical conductors comprising

subjecting to pressure and baking pulverized carbon and copper powder.

Producing dynamo-electric brush comprising

heating, pressing, and firing copper, soft alloying metal, graphite, and iron. Metal powder for brushes is produced by

forming metal sponge in an electrolyte and

placing metal sponge in colloidal solution

to precipitate a protecting coat on particles. Commutator brushes are made with reduced

copper compressed into blocks by heavy

pressure. Producing composition of matter for electri- cal contacts, etc., from refractory metal

powder and noble metal. Manufacturing brushes for electrical machinery comprising bonding by pressure mixture of finely subdivided copper and

powdered graphite. Sintered contact material produced from

powdered tungsten and gold, vanadium, or thorium.
88 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Laise

Gillette Aichele

Kramer

Podzus

Sherwood

Hall

Rich

Marden, et al Fitzpatrick _ _

Bates

Weiger

Weiger

Hall Gwyn

Weiger

Weiger

U. S. Patent No.

1, 531, 666

1, 539, 810

1, 648, 100

1, 685, 919

1, 699, 205

1, 708, 192

1, 728, 273

1, 731, 267

1, 760, 367

1, 804, 924

1, 807, 581

1, 860, 793

1, 877, 261

1, 878, 132

1, 958, 338

1, 958, 357

1, 978, 516

Subject

Making electrical contacts by sintering

article formed from metal powders and

compacting by tumbling action. Welding electrode made of pressed and

sintered tungsten and copper powders.

Making electrical contacts from semiplastic mass comprising stirring acid-cleaned powdered copper and mercury into molten

lead and cooling.

Sliding contact for trolleys of fine metal

powder mixed with small percent of graphite powder.

Flake-shaped powders are bounced against

each other and mill walls to form hollow

spheres, which are easily lubricated with

graphite in forming sliding electrical contacts. Manufacture of electrically conducting

bodies comprising sintering compressed

metal powders with portion of preformed

conductor embedded therein. Commutator brushes and the like made by

pressing powdered metals and graphite

around a length of pigtail wire. Resistance alloy produced by treating

powdered metals, such as chromium and

tungsten.

Resistors are made from chromium powdered, sintered, and worked.

Copper carbon brushes are made with metal

disintegrated by electrolysis and washed

free from electrolyte.

Producing electrical contact terminal comprising heating granular tungsten or molybdenum with copper and silicon. Contact material consisting of porous body

of sintered tungsten or molybdenum impregnated with a conducting metal such as copper or silver. Sintered contact material of rhodiumtungsten alloy. Commutator brushes made by baking

pressed powders of copper, lead, and

graphite.

Method of treating sintered tungsten contacts to increase grain size. Manufacturing electrical make-and-break

contacts of tungsten treated to have inter- locked grain structure and impurities

removed.

Composite X-ray target with active surface

of sintered tungsten and molybdenum and

main body of copper.
Powder Metallurgy 89

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Langhammer.

Sieger

Thorausch, et al_.

Schwarzkopf

Hensel, et al

Hensel, et al

Adams

Hardy

Casper

Schwarzkopf

Wohrnian, et al_

Gwyn

Hensel

Ruben

Hensel

Doty, et al

Kelly

S. Patent No.

1, 980, 540

1, 984, 203

1, 988, 861

2, 030, 229

2, 033, 709

2, 033, 710

2, 034, 550

2, 053, 662

2, 056, 919

2, 096, 924

2, 097, 140

2, 143, 375

2, 145, 690

2, 154, 700

2, 159, 763

2, 162, 380

2, 175, 899

Subject

Trolley shoe made from compressed metal

powders impregnated with lubricant. Manufacturing electrical make-and-break

contacts comprising silver dispersed

throughout carbide of refractory metal. Producing metallic plates suitable for ac- cumulator electrodes by sintering uncompressed metal powders and volatilizable material. Making compound structural material,

adapted to electrical purposes, comprising

powdered metals. Alloys for commutator segments and collector rings for dynamo-electric machines, etc.,

e. g., 0.01 to 5 percent silver, 0.05 to 5 percent chromium and balance copper, powdered and pressed, etc., to shape.

Alloy, e. g., 0.1 to 5 percent chromium, 0.1 to 5 percent cadmium, balance copper, which may be treated according to various powder metallurgical methods.

Making arcing tip comprising impregnating

with molten copper U-shaped member of powdered tungsten.

Commutator produced from compressed and

sintered metal powders.

Electrical contact of sintered finely divided

tungsten carbide and a binder of cobalt. Making composite material for electrical purposes from powdered tungsten or molybdenum and metal such as silver, aluminum or zinc. Making electrical contact materials by

thoroughly intermixing tungsten carbide and metal, such as osmium.

Method of treating sintered tungsten contacts to increase grain size; improvement

on 1,958,338 and 1,958,357. Contact material improved by addition of powdered cadmium oxide to powdered

metals such as silver, gold and platinum

prior to pressing and sintering.

Making electrical contacting element comprising chromium and tin. Making metallic composition suitable for

electrical contacting members comprising

nickel, cadmium and silver. Making refractory metal composition for

electrical contacting members comprising

molybdenum or tungsten, silver and

copper. Making electrical contact members comprising refractory metal bonded with conductive metals, such as copper and silver.
90 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Schwarzkopf.

Hensel, et al_

Hensel, et al_

Hensel

Hensel

Hensel

Emmert, et al

Kelly

Kelly

Ruben

Langguth

Driggs, et al_ Rennie

Young

Tietig

Hensel, et al_

U. S. Patent No.

2, 179, 960

2, 180, 826

2, 180, 827

2, 180, 956

2, 182, 380

2, 190, 477

2, 197, 376

2, 200, 087

2, 200, 088

2, 211, 583

2, 213, 128

2, 227, 445

2, 235, 504

2, 240, 821

2, 244, 436

2, 247, 755

Subject

Manufacturing agglomerated material for

electrical purposes using refractory metal

powder artificially provided with larger

volume in comparison with surface area. Contact made by powder metallurgical process of silver, silicon and refractory

material.

Electrical contract of finely divided nickel, cobalt, or tungsten, etc., bonded and inter- spersed with a magnesium-zinc-silver alloy. Electrical contact formed from a nitride of titanium, etc., and a metal from the group

of silver, copper, gold and alloys. Alloys

and nitrides may be powdered.

Preparing metallic composition for electrical contacting members comprising sintering

finely divided cadmium and nickel or

cobalt. Electrical contact which may be made by

pressing zirconium carbide and silver powder together, sintering, repressing and

shaping. Sintered contact material of silver with

additions of nickel and tungsten or molybdenum.

Electrical contact member comprising re- fractory metal powder and alloy of silver and copper.

Electrical contact member comprising re- fractory metal powders bonded with alloy

of cobalt, iron and copper. Making electric condensers employing copper bronze particles.

Making negative electrode for alkaline storage battery comprising porous carrier made from metal powder and cadmium.

Making contact alloy by sintering pressed

pellet of powdered tungsten and nickel. Making starting electrodes by sintering

packed mixture of metal powders and con- ductor in loose metal powder mixture of

silica and graphite.

Making iron anodes for electrolytic cells by

compressing and reducing oxide-coated sponge iron granules.

Producing porous metallic object for use as

electrical contact comprising powdered

metal having multiplicity of pores impregnated with lubricant.

Electric contact having a tungsten or molybdenum body with rhodium facing which

may be applied in powdered form by

spraying or compacting, etc.
Powder Metallurgy 91

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No.

Burns, et al

Vernet, et al_ _

Hensel, et al_ _

Clark

Mansfield

Cox

Telkes

Hensel, et al_ _

Inutsuka, et al Inutsuka, et al

Scheer

Allen

Allen

Gray, et al Driggs

Reeve

Gutbrod, et al. Thompson

2, 249, 599

2, 259, 846

2, 281, 691

2, 283, 723

2, 285, 293

2, 288, 122

2, 289, 152

2, 294, 405

2, 294, 755

2, 294, 756

2, 295, 759

2, 298, 999

2, 299, 000

2, 299, 228

2, 300, 558

2, 303, 497

2, 306, 263

2, 307, 474

Subject

Electrical contact material comprising body

of silver having chromium powder dis- persed throughout.

Plastic thermostatic material formed from

metal powders used as temperature re- sponsive element. Heat treating of chromium-copper alloys

is claimed in this patent which prefers addition of the chromium to the cop- per in powdered form. Making nonsintered electrodes comprising

hard basic powders encased in thin shell of softer material by ball milling, sputtering, etc. Tungsten contact having no line of cleavage

in grain structure, and case-hardened in powdered cobalt, or chromium, carbon or

silicon. Making electrical contact material comprising silver powder and cadmium sulphide.

Thermocouple assembly made by sintering

metal powders in a confining insulating

jacket. Metallic composition, useful as electrical contact, comprising sinter-bonding mixture of powdered cadmium, carbon and

aluminum.

Resistant body comprising powdered copper

oxide and powdered chromic oxide. Electrical resistor comprising sintering molded mixture of paraffin and powdered cop- per and chrome oxide. Capacitator wherein armature comprises

powdered metal applied to mica.

Electrical contact composed of powdered

silver and refractory metal.

Electrical contact having a silver tungsten

or silver molybdenum base formed from

mixture of powdered metals pressed into

solid contact form.

Electric condenser comprising pressing metallic particles into porous spongy body.

Electrical contact comprising compressing

and sintering tungsten or silicon powder

with tungsten carbide.

Electrical contact element of palladium

coated silver with underlying layer of pal- ladium-silver alloy. Contact pins comprising refractory metal

powders sintered into suitable mold and

impregnated with highly conductive metal. Selenium rectifier made from powdered

selenium and nonvolatile chloride salt.
92 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Cox

Hensel, et al Wood

Larsen, et al_ _. Young

Brennan

Presser

White, et al___

.

Krellner

Peters Naumann, et al Ewing

Becker, et al

Boegehold

Corbin, et al WTolf et al

Rawlins

Putnam

€ox

U. S. Patent No.

2, 307, 668

2, 313, 070

2, 313, 379

2, 319, 240

2, 325, 201

2, 330, 202

2, 330, 620

2, 331, 098

2, 331, 479

2, 332, 809

2, 338, 531

2, 338, 713

2, 339, 613

2, 339, 673

2, 342, 842

2, 343, 354

2, 343, 422

2, 343, 999

2, 347, 172

Subject

Electrical contact comprising mixture of

silver powder and cadmium oxide powder.

Electrical contacting element comprising

pressed mixture of refractory metal carbide, cobalt and silver. Mountings for electrically operated units in- corporating powdered aluminum in sponge

rubber.

Electric contact face plate comprising powdered contact metal, such as silver or copper, sintered to backing member.

Soluble anode for electrolytic cell comprising

iron granules united by bridges of metallic

iron. Electrodes produced by spraying finely divided molten metal on base, such as

wire. Photoelectric cells comprising finely divided aluminum and gold applied to base of selenium. Conduit holder having cushion of electrically

conductive material, such as aluminum

powder.

Electrographitic brush which comprises mixture of carbon, binder and at least one

finely divided hard metal carbide. Thermal switch of gaseous electric discharge

type employing aluminum powder.

Resistor having coating of aluminum powder

applied to inner surface of support. Electrodes or half cells utilizing plating of sponge copper. Selenium rectifier comprising selenium powder deposited on backing member of nickel and iron. Heat resistant iron casting utilizing carbon,

silicon and manganese powders.

Sealing electrical conductors in insulators by means of metallic coating applied in

fine state to the insulator in its unfired

condition. Wedges or closures for slots or openings in stators or cores of magnetic electric motors formed of magnetic metal powders.

Electric circuit interrupting device utilizing

metal shavings as cooling means for ex- plosive material. Variable inductor having stator core and

shell members molded from iron powder

and suitable binder.

Electrical contact tip molded from silver powder.
Powder Metallurgy 93

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Podolsky

Ruben.

_

Lannert.

Saslaw__

Hensel, et al.

Lichtgarn

Clark

Shobert, et al Cox

Loftis

Brennan

Miller, et al Comstock

Hauel

Wilson

737128—47-

U. S. Patent No.

2, 347, 796

2, 348, 311

2, 353, 047

2, 356, 094

2, 358, 326

2, 358, 406

2, 359, 970

2, 360, 522

2, 361, 089

2, 361, 220

2, 364, 642

2, 365, 249

2, 366, 402

2, 367, 453

Subject

Electrical resistor molded from inert filler, conductive particles such as carbon, and

suitable binder. Dry rectifier electrode element is formed with cuprous sulfide made by heating copper powder or scrap with sulfur. Brushes for electric motors formed of con- ducting material such as carbon with

greater conducting material such as copper dispersed therethrough.

Adherent layer of selenium may be applied

to rough-surfaced base plate of iron,

etc., by melting selenium powder and

spreading over surface. Further treat- ment is given selenium layer. Electric contact formed of composition composed of nickel or cobalt particles coated with metal of palladium-platinum group

with copper, silver, or gold particles

interspersed.

Electrical resistance element comprising

metal oxide, silica, and finely divided

conductive material, such as aluminum

powder. Porous condenser electrode formed of compressed metal powders of filming metal.

Electrical contact comprising powdered

contact metal and powdered cadmium

oxide. Electrical contact having tip of metal powders pressure molded to supporting member. Electrically conductive body suitable for commutator brushes molded from conductive material, such as graphite, and

pulverulent metal, such as copper powder.

Electrode comprising conductive layer of metal powders bonded together and

having finely divided filler material in

interstices prior to immersion in electrolyte. Selenium rectifier comprising compressing

selenium powder against base plate at elevated temperature.

Electrical contact comprising a compressed,

sintered mixture of silver and carbonyl

iron. Negative electrode for cadmium-nickel stor- age batteries utilizing finely divided iron

as conductive material. Storage battery electrodes which may

include lead particles in paste for elec- trodes.
94 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Wooten

Vernet

Graves

Saslaw

Barrington__.

Chilton

Brennan

Peters

Lowit

Saslaw, et al_ Payne

DeVore

Shobert

Harris, Jr

Gunn, et al_ _ Kaschke

Savage

Shea

Deyrup, et al

S. Patent No.

2, 368, 060

2, 368, 181

2, 370, 400

2, 370, 493

2, 371, 211

2, 374, 416

2, 375, 211

2, 375, 818

2, 377, 164

2, 378, 438

2, 379, 374

2, 380, 505

2, 382, 338

2, 383, 384

2, 384, 463

2, 385, 578

2, 387, 614

2, 388, 295

2, 389, 419,

2, 389, 420.

Subject

Nonemissive electrode for electron discharge

devices which has coating of finely divided

metal, such as zirconium, with binder of

silica. Pressure seal between thermostatic element and plunger. Copper powder is used as temperature responsive element.

Electrical contact comprising porous mass

of copper, pores of which are substantially

filled with cadmium.

Improving selenium rectifier by applying

to selenium small amount of water

before application of counterelectrode. Resistor comprising bonded mixture of finely divided silicon carbide, conductive metal

powder and glassy bonding element.

Electric regulator pile comprising heat conductive core and insulating tube with

metal powders between to improve heat

contact. Electrode having conductive layer of finely divided metal powders.

Commutator brush comprising carbon body

with powdered heavy metal as ''inertia particles." Electrical assembty for leading-in current in lamps, radio tubes, etc., utilizing iron wire coated with thin film of copper powder.

Rectifier wherein powdered selenium is sintered to base plate.

Utilizing finely divided iron with mercury

in laminated cell of a storage battery. Metallic particles may be oxidized and

treated with an alkali metal in forming

electrodes.

Silver powder is used in making an electric contact element.

Metallurgical induction furance can be made self-starting if powdered metal is used to complete secondary circuit. Electrode of a fuel cell is coated with sin- tered metal particles.

Method of making iron powder core for radio receiver tuners. Metal powder is used in making an improved

electric brush contact element. Unitary powdered iron body member is used in radio frequency transformer. Patent is on link coupling for the trans- former.

Electrical capacitors having alternate ce- ramic layers and layers of silver powderfired to form unitary structure.
Powder Metallurgy 95

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Appleman, et al

Tunick

Chub, et al Deyrup, et al Larson, et al

Hensel

Hensel

Sykes

Radcliffe

Kohler

TTeiller

McCarthy, et al

Ballard Hensel

Hensel, et al

Stubbs

U. S. Patent No. Subject

2, 389, 587,

2, 389, 588.

2, 389, 879

2, 389, 893,

2, 389, 894.

2, 390, 025

2, 390, 595

2, 391. 455,

2, 391, 456.

2, 391, 459

2, 392, 429

2, 392, 879

2, 393, 541

2, 394, 501

2, 394, 865

2, 395, 442

2, 396, 100

2, 396, 101

2, 397, 764

Powdered copper, aluminum, etc., is used

in a groove in metal body in which sheath

of electrical heating apparatus is carried. Frequency modulator provided with a powdered iron core. Storage battery plates made of finely divided, spongy metallic lead. Powdered silver layers are used in preparing

electrical capacitors. Electric contact having body of powdered

refractory metal and silver or copper, with the more fusible silver or copper

etched out of the contact face. Tungsten, nickel and molybdenum powders

may be used to form center electrode for a spark plug.

Spark plug center electrode of loop form

which may be made by powder metallurgical methods from high tungsten base

alloys. An electrode film is formed on piezoelectric

crystal using powdered metal. An electrode is manufactured by coating one

side of an elongated metal strip with a suspension of powdered antiglow metallic material in a volatizable binder and the

coating is baked on electrically.

Metal powders and resin glue are combined

and used to secure nonconductors. The

device thus constructed is then heated and

the whole article becomes a nonconductor.

15 percent iron powder and 85 percent ferric oxide are pressed into a briquette and

sintered; the product is reground, silver powder is added so that the new product is 90 percent silver; it is pressed, sintered one hour at 500° R, and repressed to make

a hardened electrical contact. The ceramic member of a spark plug has a

compression ring formed of powdered

copper.

Silver powders are used in making an electri- cal capacitor.

An electric contact is formed of gold base

alloy containing lead or thallium and is made by powder metallurgical methods.

An electric contact is formed of refractory oxide and silver, copper or gold, and is prepared by powder metallurgical methods.

A spark gap for ignition system of internal combustion engine may be made by

methods of powder metallurgy.
96 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

7. Electrical Contacts, Brushes, Electrodes, Battery Parts,

Resistors, Rectifiers, Condensers, Etc., Made With Metal

Powders—Continued

Patentee

Deyrup.

Ballard. _. Waintrob

Harvey__. Booe

cSmithells.

Wejnarth

Brennan_

Rolfes___

Clifford. _

Leyshon_

Cox

Brennan.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 398, 176

2, 399, 313

2, 399, 773

2, 403, 657

2, 404, 824

2, 406, 172

2, 406, 275

2, 406, 345

2, 408, 124

2, 408, 125.

2, 409, 664

2, 409, 769

2, 410, 717

2, 412, 201

Subject

In making electrical capacitors, a coating of

silver powder is applied to a ceramic base, the electrode is covered with a vitreous

dielectric by application and firing of a powdered vitreous glaze, and powdered

with a second electrode by application of a second layer of ceramic silver. Powdered silver is used in the manufacture

of electrical capacitors.

Copper powder is used as conductive material in forming electrical rectifier disks. An electrical insulating and dielectric me- dium in which powdered metal such as copper or silver is used. An electrode formed of a porous or fibrous base carrying a coherent adhering layer of

finely divided filmforming metal particles. Finely divided platinum, rhodium, iridium,

ruthenium, or palladium are compacted

and sintered to form articles of desirable

electrical and chemical properties. Sintered metals are used in the manufacture

of an electrical resistance element.

Pelleted insulating material is coated with

conductive metallic layers composed of minute particles to produce an electrode

for an electrolytic condenser. Powdered nickel, silver or aluminum is used

in making a ' 'coherer plug" for safeguarding electric igniters of blasting detonators

against accidental firing. Crushed tungsten is used in making the

electrode support of an electron discharge

device. Zirconium, milled to a powder or dust, is suspended in a lacquer such as a solution

of nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and is used as an inner coating for an electrode

in a flourescent glow lamp.

Powdered Silver and molybdenum are molded to make contacts for electrical switches. Aluminum particles are sprayed onto wire

screen, gauze or glass cloth to make an

electrode for condensers, lightning arresters, etc.

1
Powder Metallurgy 97

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

8. Expanded Materials and Pressure Processes in Which Metal

Powder Releases the Gas

Patentee U. S. Patent No.

Aylsworth, et al___: 1,087,098

Schenck_

Lindinan.

Eriksson- Walter..

Nelson..

Clark...

Stewart.

Hill....

Henderson. _ Hybinette Hybinette..

Brownrniller.

Scherer, Jr..

Scherer, Jr.

Brownmiller _ Schless

Knibbs, et al. Vollmer

Welshans

Blev

1, 622, 396

1, 791, 820

1, 819, 018

1, 829, 381

1, 863, 990

1, 959, 658

1, 965, 538

2, 109, 532

2, 119, 860

2, 120, 468

2, 153, 837

2, 198, 601

2, 205, 734

2, 205, 735

2, 235, 008

2, 235, 176

2, 241, 604

2, 288, 556

2, 301, 101

2, 341, 509

Subject

Molded cementitious block in which alumi- num, magnesium or zinc powder is used in contact with alkaline hydroxides to form

gas bubbles to make block porous. Porous concrete produced by gas from

aluminum powder.

Cellular concrete produced by gas from a

metal powder. Porous cement produced by gas from a metal

powder. Porous cement produced by gas from a metal

powder. Porous cement produced by gas from a metal

powder.

Cement of increased coverage ability ex- tended by gas generated from aluminum

powder and alkaline hydroxides. Porous cement produced by gas from powdered magnesium.

Asbestos cement sheets aerated by reaction

of aluminum or zinc powder with caustic

solution. Cement expanded by reaction of aluminum

powder and alkalies. Concrete expanded by use of treated alumi- num flakes. Concrete in which aluminum flakes or powder are used as a gas-producing agent.

High aluminate cements expanded by

hydrogen gas released by aluminum

flakes. Porous insulating material made with

aluminum powder, a refractory composition and a viscose solution which generate

gas. Porous insulating material in which alumi- num powder is used as a gas-generating

material. High aluminate cements employing alumi- num powder as a gas-generating agent. Cement-fibrous wall boards having alumi- num powder applied as a raising agent by

the fan belt of the board-former.

Artificial stone which may include aluminum

dust to cause porosity.

Permeable well packs expanded by finely divided aluminum.

Hot top for an ingot mold of portland cement

in which powdered aluminum is used as a

gas-generating agent. Viscose solution for manufacture of viscose sponges containing metal powder such as aluminum powder.
98 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

8. Expanded Materials and Pressure Processes in Which Metal

Powder Releases the Gas—Continued

Patentee

Baker

Billner, et al Alderson, Jr

Gardner

Gardner

U. S. Patent No.

2, 373, 006

2, 376, 414

2, 387, 730

2, 398, 703

2, 411, 202

Subject

Means for operating well apparatus wherein

gradual generation of fluid pressure is produced by chemical reaction between

zinc shavings and hydrochloric acid. Utilizing aluminum powder as gas-generating

agent in concrete. Powdered nickel or iron may be used in preparing cellular materials from ethylene

polymers.

A metalloidal honeycombed structure is made of zinc, magnesium, and. aluminum

particles bonded in an acidic resinous binder which in reaction with the metal

produces gas to give the cell structure. A metal powder is used as one reactant in

filling a float.

9. Explosives and Explosive Compositions, Photographic Flash

Powders, Projectiles, Bullets, Rivets, Etc.

Langhammer__

vonHerz, et aL

vonHerz, et al.

Weber

Fisher Hodgson

Nickel

Snelling

Holt

Watt, et al

2, 226, 002

2, 261, 195

2, 293, 373

2, 313, 210

2, 314, 614

2, 315, 853

2, 316, 358

2, 333, 275

2, 338, 719

2, 344, 840

Sizing and finishing porous metal bullets comprising compressed and sintered metal

powders.

Explosive composition for detonating rivets employing metal powders.

Improved charge for explosive rivet comprising explosive ingredient, good metal

powder conductor and another substance

of good thermal conductivity.

Wrapper for explosive cartridge containing

powdered aluminum, magnesium or iron, preferably mixed with metallic oxides.

Filling for incendiary bombs consisting of mixing magnesium dust with paper pulp

and water.

Projectile for small caliber cartridges comprising powdered lead and iron oxide enclosed in continuous sheath. Flash powder for flashlight photography of sodium nitrate and magnesium powder.

Explosive comprising aluminum powder,

nitrostarch, coal dust, etc. Dummy bomb containing pale gold bronze powder for marking purposes. Explosive composition containing ammonium nitrate grains coated with gelatinized

explosive nitric ester, utilizing aluminum

powder.
Powder Metallurgy 99

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

9. Explosives and Explosive Compositions, Photographic Flash

Powders, Projectiles, Bullets, Rivets, Etc. —Continued

Patentee

Geria.

Church.

Forbes.

Davis. Brun_

Calkins.

Bagley_

Hanley.

Choate, et al. Cadwell

Christie.

Hensel, et al_ .

Burrows, et al.

Wright, et al Finkelstein, et al.

. Patch, et al

U. S. Patent No.

2, 352, 951

2, 353, 693

2, 354, 451

2, 356, 149

2, 356, 210

2, 360, 473

2, 369, 517

2, 370, 159

2, 377, 675

2, 383, 040

2, 398, 287

2, 401, 483

2, 403, 907

2, 407, 597

2, 409, 201

2, 409, 307

Subject

Chemically heated liquid containers, particularly those used in skin and hair reconditioning therapy, utilizing aluminum or

iron powder to heat surrounding liquid

Applying a rotating band to a projectile

which comprises encircling projectile with

metal powder, compressing and simul- taneously sintering and brazing to projectile wall. Cartridge for chain shot having fusible casing

of tin, lead and bismuth using thermit in some types to melt casing.

Explosive composition utilizing aluminum

powder.

Priming composition for ammunition which

may utilize metal powders which do not

oxidize easily, such as lead, tin, bismuth.

Projectile driving band comprising porous metal bearing surface consisting of compressed and sintered metal powders.

Explosive composition comprising compressed mixture of powdered basic per- chlorate of lead and aluminum powder.

Electric squib comprising flame producing

mixture of finely divided selenium, lead and aluminum.

Utilizing powdered aluminum or iron particles in a bomb or hand grenade.

Finely divided aluminum is used in an

igniting powder in an exothermic reaction

to produce molten metal. An incendiary composition for filling a

bullet consisting of powdered aluminummagnesium alloy in equal amount with

BaNo3 . Powdered nickel, iron, cobalt, etc., are used in the making of projectiles, includ- ing shrapnel projectiles.

Powdered aluminum is used in making a black powder charge for an electric ignition

assembly.

Metal powders are used in the preparation

of a low-freezing explosive compound.

Zinc dust, grained aluminum, etc., may be used in producing a smoke-producing

mixture for use in munitions.

Powdered iron, nickel, etc. are used to make

a porous bullet impregnated with lead.
100 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

10. Filtering Materials and Other Porous Articles

Patentee

Davis

Davis

Hildabolt

Truxell, et al. Koehring

Reinsch

Guellich Wright

Gardner

Gardner

Rasmussen...

Walker, Jr__.

Marvin, et al

U. S. Patent No.

2, 157, 596

2, 220, 641

2, 267, 918

2, 297, 817

2, 300, 048

2, 359, 386

2, 378, 476

2, 391, 609

2, 394, 993

2, 395, 266

2, 401, 797

2, 404, 872

2, 409, 295

Subject

Producing porous metallic sheet by heating

to alloy nickel and copper powders spread

loosely on graphite mold.

Producing porous metallic sheet by sintering

together thin layer of intimately mixed

noncompacted copper and nickel or tin powders.

Producing porous sheet consisting of two

different degrees of porosity by sintering

two noncompacted layers of varying grain

size metal powder.

Filter element made by sintering metal

powders to apertured plate. Porous sheet for use as a filter, in which

different sized metal grains are settled by

gravity and sintered to produce a sheet of greater porosity on one side than on the

other. Fluid separating apparatus, such as gasoline

filter, comprising porous metal membrane

of sintered noncompacted metal powders.

Filtering disc for coating apparatus formed

of compressed and sintered metal powders.

Steel fragments or balls may be used as

filtering material within a tubular holder, as an oil well screen. Powdered metal is bonded by rosin substances to form porous material that

floats on water and is nonconductive of

electricity.

Aluminum powder is used to fill floats used

for boat or aircraft hull or wing use. Metal powder, such as a mixture of 90 parts copper and 10 parts tin, is used to form a

porous block for cooling and purifying oil in an internal combustion engine.

Comminuted metals may be used in the

filter of an apparatus for separating immiscible fluids. A metal lower in the electrochemical series than the metal of a porous article, is coated on the surfaces of the pores so that the

surface characteristics are those of the

coating metal and the porosity is not

destroyed.
Powder Metallurgy 101

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

11. Friction Materials Such as Brake Linings, Clutch Facings,

Etc.

Patentee

Bluhm.__ _

Boegehold, et al

Fisher

Swartz _ . Wellman

Wellman _ .. „ Imes Tormyn

Calkins

Marvin, et al

Wellman

Gleszer, et al - Walker

Wellman, et al Salle Kuzmick

Gilbert Lowey, et al

U. S. Patent No. R i s s u e 18,865 of 1,722,890.

1, 757, 408

2, 072, 070

Reissue

22,282 of 2,161,597.

2, 178, 527

2, 239, 134

2, 277, 107

2, 287, 952

2, 299, 877

2, 332, 737

2, 342, 772

2, 359, 361

2, 369, 502

2, 381, 941

2, 388, 187

2, 389, 061

2, 389, 772

2, 408, 430

Subject

Brake lining, etc. ; powdered lead may be in* corporated in textile fabric. Brake lining may be made by coating fibers with powdered metal, sintering after the weaving operation.

Producing friction article for brakes and

clutches by pressing and heat treating

metal powders and nonmetallic material. Bonaing metal powder to copper-plated steel body by heat and pressure in manufacture

of brake linings, etc. ProduciDg friction body for brakes and

clutches by welding porous facing to fer- rous metal backing.

Producing sintered friction articles using

powdered copper produced by chemical

precipitation of copper from salt solutions. Producing metallic clutch facing element

comprising wire mesh within sintered mass

of metal powders.

Making brake drum having braking surface

of pressed and sintered powdered metal.

Frictional material comprising introducing

powdered asbestos into pores of layer of porous metal. Laminated friction element which comprises

compressed porous cuprous material bonded to substantially flat compressed porous

ferrous supporting member.

Apparatus applicable to production from

metal powders of friction brake and clutch

linings or facings.

Composite friction element for use as brake

or clutch, consisting of iron friction surface with copper backing bonded to steel plate. Friction element comprising metal powders

such as soft iron, copper or aluminum and

heat hardened organic binder. Facing layer of frictional apparatus is made

of compacted powdered metals. Metal chips or powders are used in making

friction facing for brake linings.

Powdered metal used in making a friction element, or for bearings, to be used alone

or bonded to a metal backing.

Clutch disks of the invention may be formed

of bronze made from powdered material. Powdered copper, tin, iron, etc., are used as

friction materials in the making of brake

lining for vehicles.
102 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of /Standards V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

12. Heat- Conducting or Reflecting Material Such as for

Heating Elements and Insulation, Respectively

Patentee

Jones _ _

Seving, et al

Munters

Doczekal

Howe

Ferguson, et al

Ziegs

Schleicher, et al

Ferguson, et al Hampton

Rowland, et al Fry

McCormack

Hunter, et al Bandur

Elfving

U. S. Patent No.

1, 893, 330

2, 029, 679

2, 037, 813

2, 110, 660

2, 192, 742

2, 311, 526

2, 319, 363

2, 325, 553

2, 329, 113

2, 356, 583

2, 357, 550

2, 359, 983

2, 361, 854

2, 377, 153

2, 379, 947

2, 406, 815

Subject

Permeable metal for heaters, etc., comprising

bonded metallic particles which have been

subjected to action of magnetic field. Metal flakes intermingled with acetate cellu- lose foils to provide heat-ray reflecting in- sulation similarly as provided by thin all- metal foils. Insulation material comprising sheets of foil faced with heat reflecting particles, such

as aluminum powder.

Thermal insulation comprising sheet coated with metal powders which is electrically heated. Sintered furnace heating element employing

iron and aluminum powders.

Luting material incorporating heat conductive metal powders, such as aluminum

flake. Electrical heating conductor comprising

metal of platinum group coated with

powdered metal of earth and alkaliDe metals. Refractory faced porous insulating brick obtained by impregnating orainary porous

brick with bonded zirconium refractory.

Heat-conductive luting material, useful in

ice cream cabinets, employing aluminum

flakes. Heat transferring element for electrically

heated soldeiing tool having tapering portion of copper coated with iron and aluminum (calorized). Forming glaze on insulators to which coating

of metal powder may be directly applied.

Top heating unit for electric ranges in which

heating resistance is embedded in disc of powdered and sintered metal. Refrigerating apparatus having water jacket

to which is secured porous sintered metal

sheet to increase condensing surface. Insulated electric cable utilizing conductive

metal powders in plastic material. Apparatus for detecting defects in insulation

of electrically insulated conducting struc- tures which has core of compressed per- malloy (nickel alloy) powder.

Aluminum powder may be used in metal

foils comprising a heat insulation element.
Poivder Metallurgy 103

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like (see Also "Explosives" for Loose Photographic Flash Powders)

Patentee

DeLodyguine

DeLodyguine

Husselman

vonBolton

vonBolton

vonBolton

Heany

vonBolton

vonBolton

Lederer

Zerning

Kuzel

vonBolton

vonBolton

vonBolton

Majert

Schilling

U. S. Patent No.

575, 002

575, 668

650, 178

817, 732

817, 733

817, 734

842, 546

891, 223

905, 402

908, 682

908, 930

914, 354

927, 935

930, 723

936, 403

946, 551

' 950, 869

Subject

Filaments formed by coating platinum wire with metal oxide or condensed metal and

reducing in hydrogen.

Improvement on 575,002. Incandescent lamp filament of a fused mixture of iodine, aluminum shavings and

alcohol on a base of asbestos. Producing incandescing body for electric glow lamps from pure, powdered tantalum

and paraffin as binder. Producing substantially pure, ductile metallic tantalum by passing electric current through compressed powders of tantalum

compounds.

Producing incandescing body containing

ductile alloy of metals of vanadium group

using metal powders.

Electric lamp luminants made from tungsten,

titanium, zircon, etc., sintered in shape

from pure powdered metals or powdered

metal oxides, etc. Manufacturing filaments of electric in- candescent lamps by drawing to filament form heated body of tantalum powder.

Filaments made with metal powders, to which the agglutinant for the powder has

added carbon; this carbon is removed by

heating filaments in acetic acid vapors. Manufacturing incandescence bodies by re- ducing paste containing metal oxide,

carbon and aluminum.

Filaments are decarbonized by adding

phospham and phosphorus to metal

powder for coating filament, depending on amount of carbon-containing binder

used. Filament produced from .alloy of finely divided refractory metal and antimony.

Manufacturing filaments comprising electrically heating mixture of comminuted

highly refractory metal and comminuted

ductile metal. Pioducing filament by working tubes containing ductile metal, very ductile metal

and refractory metal powder.

Producing filaments by working tube of refractory metal powder in ductile metal.

Salt, of tungstic acid heated with lampblack

in presence of hydrogen as reducing agent.

Tungsten compound heated in nonoxidizing

atmosphere so that reducing agents that

are separated act upon oxides of tungsten

present.
104 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee

Coolidge

Kuzel

Kitsee vonWelsbach

vonWelsbach

Appelberg

Weber

Just, et al

Bresler

Coolidge

Coolidge

Coolidge

Coolidge

Coolidge

Hansen

Coolidge

Coolidge

Wood

U. S. Patent No.

963, 872

969, 064

971, 385

976, 526

976, 527

1, Oil, 708

1, 016, 804

1, 018, 502

1, 023, 295

1, 026, 343

1, 026, 344

1, 026, 382

1, 026, 383

1, 026, 384

1, 026, 392

1, 026, 428

1, 026, 429

1, 027, 165

Subject

Producing lamp filament by treating, to re- move vaporizable components, threads of refractory material in colloidal solution. Producing filament from plastic mass containing peptisated colloidal metals. Producing filament from bar tungsten

phosphide made from metal powders.

Incandescent filament composed of particles of osmium electrically welded into thread. Finely divided osmium paste is coated on a

base of an organic thread to form a

filament. Treating tungsten powder by heating in vacuum before shaping into electric filament. Finely divided tungsten and pulverized

tellurium or tellurium dioxide are alloyed

to form a tough filament. Producing filaments by removing carbon

from carbonized mixture of tungsten and

organic binding medium.

Finely divided tungsten or molybdenum are held together by a small-carbon-residue binder of ammonium viscose to make a

filament coating paste. Filament forming plastic is made from

tungsten, etc., powder mixed with a

binder of warm amalgam of cadmium,

mercury and bismuth.

Powdered tungsten is bound together with an alloy of cadmium, lead and mercury. Making filament by incorporating tungsten

powder in ductile alloy, shaping and

treating to drive out components except

refractory material. Making filament from semi-plastic mass

composed of amalgam impregnated with

refractory metal powder.

Making filament from refractory metal

powders, ductile alloy as binder, and

diluting compound.

Making filaments from refractory metal

powders and binder of a metal oxalate which decomposes and forms refractory

oxide. Iron removed from tungsten compound by

firing at sufficient temperature.

Producing electrical conductors suitable for use in incandescent lamps by sintering

refractory element impregnated with ductile metal. Producing metal filaments by baking wire of cadmium-amalgam impregnated with

tungsten to drive out mercury.
Powder Metallurgy 105

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like —Continued

Patentee

Lederer.

Kuzel _ _

Lederer,

U. S. Patent No.

1, 034, 018

1, 034, 949

1, 035, 883

1, 037, 268

1, 047, 540

1, 071, 325

1, 075, 563

1, 077, 674

1, 079, 777

1, 081, 618

1, 082, 933

1, 086, 088

1, 089, 757

1, 091, 430

1, 099, 704

1, 104, 557

1, 109, 886

1, 109, 888

1, 111, 698

Subject

Preparing tungsten filaments from paste

comprising tungsten dioxide and car- bonaceous binder. Manufacturing filaments by heat treating

refractory metal powder and ductile metal. Making filaments from paste containing

powdered tungsten, oxide of zinc and

suitable agglutinant.

Manufacturing filaments from plastic mass

containing colloidal oxides and hydroxides

of difficultly fusible metals then reduced. Tungsten filament produced by hydrogen

reduction of threads formed of paste of a

tungstate mixed with a binder. Similar to 1,047,540 with different binders and methods of forming paste. Filament formed by reduction in hydrogen

of thread of powdered oxide of tungsten

and 'binder. Making filaments by heating and treating

molded article comprising refractory material incorporated in metallic binder. Making filaments from paste comprising

amorphous sulfur added to metal powders.

Preparing billets of refractory materials for use as filaments by applying pressure to powdered metals in pliable mold. Producing ductile tungsten wire from sin- tered body of tungsten powder by drawing.

Making filaments from paste of tungsten

and casein and removing carbon with

hydrogen.

Tungsten oxide is mixed with a small amount

of a thorium compound, oxidized and

reduced and ground to a fine powder

especially suitable for filaments. Press-mold for manufacture of bars from

finely divided powders, particularly tungsten bars or rods for production of wire or

filaments. Filament of tungsten powder sintered and

shrunk under tension into desired shape.

Making filaments by heating formed articles comprising paste of tungsten powder and

sodium silicate solution as binder. Making electric filament wherein a platinum

wire may be coated with powdered osmium

in organic binder. Filament is produced from a paste of osmium,

zirconium oxide and carbon which pro- duces an alloy of zirconium and osmium.

Producing ductile bodies for filaments by

reducing and sintering compact mass of metal powder and powdered oxide of same

metal.
106 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee

U. S. Patent No. Subject

Lederer__

Thowless

.

Rafn

Lederer_

.

Blau

Kruger_

Scoular.

Lederer.

Farkas

Nishimoto _ Baumann..

Helfgott.

Oberlander.

Schaller.

Schaller. Keyes__

1, 116, 450

1, 123, 625

1, 130, 197

1, 132, 523

1, 135, 154

1, 154, 701

1, 178, 418

1, 180, 264

1, 188, 057

1, 201, 611

1, 205, 080

1, 206, 704

1, 208, 629

Thowless 1, 226, 925

1, 256, 929

1, 256, 930

1, 270, 842

Tungsten filaments have carbon left by the

binder removed by heating in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Tungsten powder, zirconium oxide are made

into paste with a binder, extruded as a

filament, sintered and given a tungsten

flashing.

Tungsten-trioxide is heated in ammonia gas; product is heated in hydrogen at high

temperature.

Making filaments from tungsten powder

and aromatic substance, such as camphor,

as binder. Carbon is removed from pressed powdered

metal having a carbon binder, by heating

in nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere.

Making filaments from powdered tungsten,

carbon and boracic acid. Tungsten powder mixed with sodium sili- cate solution is formed into raw filaments which are sintered and dipped in hydrofluoric acid. Addition of thorium oxide to filament- forming tungsten paste to delay change

over of the filament into crystalline structure. Producing flexible filaments by passing

pressed filaments through heated hydro- gen reducing to pure metallic state. Powdered tungsten and thorium, pressed and

sintered in stick form, are drawn into

filament. Producing filaments from rod made by heat

treating tungsten powder and auxiliary metal. Producing malleable tungsten for wires by

pressing and sintering mixture of coarse- grained and fine-grained tungsten powder.

Molybdenum filament produced by forming

paste of powdered metal halide pressing

into desired form and reducing in hydrogen. Making ductile filament by sintering compressed metal powder in mixture of dry

hydrogen and vapor of refractory metal

halogen salt. Pulverized tungsten containing 2% thorium

oxide is pressed into a continuous filament, heat treated to form a long, single crystal. Tungsten filament of a single crystal throughout its length and cross section. Undesirable ingredients are removed from

tungsten powder by action of a metal dis solved in ammonia, plus heating.
Powder Metallurgy 107

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like —Continued

Patentee

Orange

Pacz

Farkas

Gebauer__.

A I vers

Pacz

Hall

Hall

Pacz

Yunck

Fonda

Aoyagi

Pacz

Graaff

Fernberger

Subject

1, 297, 000 Filaments formed by reducing, sintering and

working tungsten oxide particles coated with a metallic film of auxiliary metal.

1, 299, 017 For making a drawn tungsten filament free from offsetting, tungsten powders are derived from chemical compounds of tungsten having different bases.

1, 323, 623 Drawing wire for filaments from heated bar

of pressed tungsten powder.

1, 359, 353 Making electrodes for vacuum tubes by

compacting and heat treating finely

divided metal powders.

1, 363, 162 Offsetting of tungsten filaments is prevented

by addition of, e. g., calcium and magnesium oxide.

1, 410, 499 j Tungsten metal is produced by reducing an

oxide of tungsten with compounds containing silicon and oxygen and an alkali metal.

1, 461, 117 Non-sag tungsten filament is made by adding

thoria or alumina compounds to tungsten

powder at start of process.

1, 461, 118 Filament in which crystalline formation may

be controlled in which thoria and silica are added to tungsten powder.

1, 468, 073 j Filament wire produced from slugs of finely divided tungsten having silicon incor- porated therewith, sintered and mechanically worked.

1, 469, 761 Ingot for forming filaments, of a cylinder of ductile metal, packed with powdered

tungsten or alloy and closed, swaged to reduce diameter and composite rod heated

to vaporize metal envelope.

1, 496, 457 I Fi ament having 1% by weight iron powder

Imixed with tungsten powder.

1, 500, 789 Manufacturing ductile filaments by heating

rods of high-fusing metals molded from

metal powders, hung vertically until rods

elongate to proper length.

1, 508, 241 | Nonsagging tungsten filament derived from an intimate mixture of finely divided tungsten and a compound or compounds containing oxide of tantalum or niobium or both.

1, 552, 122 Pure tungstic acid is tre -ted at high temperature and reduced; resultant powder is subjected to pressing, hammering, etc.

1, 558, 000 Crystals of a double salt of tungsten containing ammonium and potassium are con- verted to tunsten oxide, then to tungsten

metal to be pressed, sintered and worked

into filaments.
108 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee

Smithells__

Boving

Laise

Just

Van ArkeL

Gero

Fonda

Gustin

Laise

Pacz

Fonda

Marden

Koref, et al

DeGraaff__

Meister

U. S. Patent No.

1, 562, 202

1, 569, 095

1, 585, 497

1, 601, 931

1, 602, 525

1, 602, 526

1, 602, 527

1, 623, 784

1, 626, 235

1, 631, 493

1, 635, 055

1, 648, 679

1, 648, 954

1, 650, 631

1, 662, 027

1, 663, 560

Subject

Tungstic oxide paste has added to it sodium

chloride and thorium nitrate, mixed, dried,

and reduced, sintered, then worked into

wire. Filament alloy made from powdered tungsten, e. g., exposed to the vapor of an

alkaline earth metal such as barium.

Filament of alloys of powdered tungsten,

thorium, and vanadium with finely divid- ed refractory light emitting oxides inter- spersed throughout.

Tungsten oxide serving as derivation material for tungsten powder for producing

filaments, is fused preliminary to reduction, producing a powder which makes a more compact sintered rod. To increase the cross section of a tungsten

filament, ic is placed in tungsten chloride vapor from which tungsten dissociates and

settles on the crystal. Powdered tungsten

is used to produce the vapor. Tungsten powder for forming filaments of

definite crystal structure is made by mixing, with tungsten oxide, a soluble salt of

alkali or alkali-earth metals, and reducing.

Filament alloy of finely divided metallic tungsten, metallic thorium and copper,

sintered, swaged, and drawn.

Getter is applied to lamp filament by dipping

portion of it into powdered aluminum.

Specially prepared tungsten metal is combined and b tllmilled with boron nitride before sintering and forming.

Zirconium dioxide is mixed with magnesium

powder, heated, further treated and mixed

with powdered tungsten and silica, reduced

and worked.

Less than 1 percent by weight of boron is added to tungsten powder before sintering,

decreasing tendency of helical filament formed therefrom to sag. Oxidation of uranium powder is prevented by

ajloying it with powdered aluminum and

powdering the alloy. During later heat

treatment, aluminum distills off. A large tungsten crystal is sintered from

powdered tungsten which is then worked

into wire. To produce a filament, pure tungsten acid is mixed with 0.6 percent potassium bichro- mate and reduced to a very fine powder,

which is pressed, sintered, and worked.

Evaporation of tungsten filaments is reduced by adding powdered molybdenum to powdered tungsten in addition to doping of thorium oxide, etc.
Powder Metallurgy 109

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No.

Subject

Marden, et al_

Schumacher-..

Gero

Gero

Fonda

Van Liempt--.

Marden

Gero Ramage

Marden, et al_ MacFarland. _ Noddack, et al

Bates

Wiegand

McCulloch____

Driggs

1, 665, 636

1, 668, 734

1, 685, 915

1,719, 975

1, 721, 383

1, 728, 814

1, 728, 942

1, 731, 244

1, 733, 752

1, 760, 367

1, 800, 691

1, 829, 756

1, 896, 606

1, 902, 478

1, 922, 254

1, 965, 222

Tungsten formed in filament by mixing

tungsten powder and thorium carbide, and

forming, heat treating, and working.

To produce a thermionic cathode a tungsten

filament is heated in vacuum with powdered uranium, etc. Target for X-ray tubes produced by cold pressing powdered thorium.

Swaged thorium rod, probably for use in making filaments, is annealed in an enclosed bomb, wherein it is packed in powdered thorium and tungsten which react with any impurities.

Finely divided metallic tungsten mixed with,

by weight, 0.5 percent metallic thorium

and 0.3 percent boron nitride, made into a

filament. Unicrystalline wire is formed in a coil and

treated according to patent 1,601,931.

Uranium is alloyed with zinc to permit

powdering, and subsequent heat treatment

in vacuo for fusing uranium into coherent form to make wire, filaments, etc. Electron-emitting body made by heat treat- ing tungsten, molybdenum, and thorium

powders.

Nonsag single crystal filament is formed from

a pressed slug of pure tungsten powder

passed through a very hot zone at a very

slow rate of speed in a vacuum.

Resistors are made from chromium powdered,

sintered, and worked.

Alloy for manufacturing resilient wire pro- duced by treating powdered metals. Rhenium is used to make electric glowers by

the usual process of sintering metal powder

and a binding agent. Rhenium does not form a carbide as does tungsten.

Tungsten filament produced by mixing inti- mately, finely divided tungsten and metallic silver, compacting and sintering to

volatilize all silver, and working.

Hot cathode of high emission capacity made

by pressing metal powder to shape and

filling pores with molten barium.

Thermionic tube cathode is made by painting

finely divided nickel in volatilizable vehicle onto porcelain tubing, and sintering

coating.

Tungstic oxide is "doped" prior to reduction

to metal especially suited as incandescent

lamp filaments.

737128—47 8
HO Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee

Ruben

Alexander

Millner, et al

Braselton

MacFarland.

Southgate.

Abe, et al.

Laise

Schwarzkopf

Laise

Iredell Pipkin

Pirani

Sylvester

Cooper

U. S. Patent No.

1, 981, 878

2, 038, 402

2, 076, 381

2, 077, 873

2, 097, 502

2, 109, 762

2, 114, 426

2, 172, 548

2, 202, 108

2, 305, 561

2, 325, 041

Subject

Lamp filament is made by coating molybdenum wire with powdered beryllium metal

that has been incorporated with a solution

of amyl acetate in nitrocellulose. Filaments of refractory metals made from

metal powders prepared by reducing the metal halides. Manufacturing filaments of large crystal structure comprising sintering in nonoxidizing atmosphere and heating in atmosphere containing water vapor, a rod bar or filament made of finely divided tungsten.

Lamp filament ingot formed by reducing in hydrogen a dehydrated powder of tungsten

trioxide and alkali metal tungstate, compacting product and baking, thereby volatilizing residual alkaline compound.

Tungstic acid and potassium fluotitanate are mixed, evaporated, heated to reduce

tungstic anhydrid and decompose fluoti- tanate, and heated in molded form to obtain pure tungsten metal. Method of producing solid or hollow rods or wires by compacting metal powders in die and extruding compacted material continuously therefrom. Nonsag filament produced from a mixture of pure tungsten metal particles and oxide coated tungsten particles sintered into an

ingot and reduced to large, pure tungsten

particles.

Metal powder for filament produced so as to

consist of a mixture of fine and somewhat

coarser particles of tungsten coated with a

thin film of alkaline tungstate.

Producing electrical wires comprising sinter- ing nickel, cobalt and iron in purest state. Filament alloy of tungsten and a small per- centage of rhenium for which tungsten

and rhenium powders have been ball- milled together.

Improving quality of tungsten wire by heat- ing in hydrogen atmosphere.

Flash lamp having light-giving material composed of sensitive metal powder and oxidiz- ing powder bonded by suitable binder. Cathode formed from barium aluminate or chromate and a reducing agent such as zirconium powder.

Flash lamp comprising exploding cartridge of powdered aluminum in bulb filled with

combustion-supporting gas. Product adaptable for electric wire formed by

heating copper body in presence of powdered copper beryllium.
Powder Metallurgy 111

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee

deBoer

Germeshausen, et al. Schmid

Garner.

Herrmann.

Elmendorf.

Atwood.

Aicher

Pipkin

Clark _

Hefele.

Kalil, et al. Kurtz

U. S. Patent No.

2, 325, 667

2, 331, 771

2, 339, 392

2, 342, 278

2, 342, 575

2, 343, 630

2, 353, 635

2, 361, 495

2, 362, 468

2, 373, 395,

2, 373, 396.

2, 375, 742

2, 389, 060

Subject

Flash lamp in which metal foil, wire or powder may be used to yield oxygen to supplement the gaseous filling. Gaseous electrical discharge tube system

using alkali metal powder as active material of the cathode. Incandescent electric lamp comprising a bulb with a base secured thereto by cement,

including finely divided conducting material, such as aluminum, which is adapted

to bypass current upon failure of lamp fila- ment. Cathode comprising coherent refractory

metal base, layer of powdered refractory

metal particles sintered to base, and

thorium oxide particles on and intermingled with these sintered particles.

Making selenium cell which comprises placing layer of amorphous selenium powder on

base plate and pressing together at high

temperature. Flash lamp having bulb containing loose

filling of readily combustible material, such

as metal foil, or filamentary wire or ribbon

of aluminum or its alloys. Magnetic and electrostatic shield for cathode

ray tube consisting of particles of electri- cally conductive material of high magnetic

permeability such as pure iron, applied in an adhesive binder to tube. Cathode for discharge tubes which is made of

finely divided conductive metal powder

added to activating mixture, such as barium carbonate or oxide. Photoflash lamps containing fulminating substance comprising mixture of sensitive metal powders. "Getter" for cleaning up residual gas in vacuum devices utilizing refractory metal

such as columbium or tantalum, in sin- tered, porous body.

Target structure for electron discharge device comprising conducting backing

element of silver having "hills and dales"

of insulating material which may have

metal powders added and photosensitive material attached thereto. Photographic flash lamp employing zirco- nium powder.

Metal powders of tungsten, nickel and

platinum are formed into refractory body

to be coated and used as cathode for radio

tube.
112 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

13. Incandescent Filaments, Wires, Cathodes for Tubes, Flash

Bulbs, and the Like—Continued

Patentee

Saslaw

Laico, et al

Stafford.

Craig

Freund

Pratt

U. S. Patent No.

2, 404, 802

2, 404, 803

2, 405, 089

2, 405, 349

2, 409, 514

Subject

Powdered selenium is comprsesed into a wafer and then converted to metallic form

by heating to make a selenium tablet. A caesium pellet, disclosed in patent 2,178,- 227, is used in a photoelectric tube; the

pellet contains caesium chromate, chromic

oxide, and powdered aluminum.

Powdered aluminum, caesium chromate, and

cromic oxide are compressed to form a

pellet used in a photoelectric tube. Powdered platinum, gold, and silver are used to make metallic glass for gaseous

discharge tubes. A mixture of zinc powder, zinc oxide, and

some mercury oxide is used in an accumulator for electric torches or flash lamps.

Powdered metal coatings are used for the

inner wall of a cathode ray tube.

14. Insecticides

Britton, et al.

Moore, et al_ Moore et aL_

Pearce, et al_

Pearce, et al_

McLain, et al Bruson

2, 295, 074

2, 325, 790

2, 325, 791

2, 344, 895

2, 368, 565

2, 385, 636

2, 395, 454

Purifying phenothiazine, commonly used as

insecticide, by treating with metal powder,

such as aluminum, antimony, copper, or

lead. Diallyl maleate, an insecticide, incorporating

bronze powder.

Diamyl maleate, an insecticide, which may

include bronze powder.

Preparing basic calcium arsenate which may

incorporate zinc or other suitable metal

powder for use as insecticide. Producing zinc calcium arsenate as insecti- cide by heating mixture of powdered

dicalcium arsenate and powdered zinc. Powdered aluminum is used with arsenous

oxide as main ingredients of insecticide. Copper powder is used in a toxicant for in- secticidal compositions and for lubricating

oil compositions.

15. Lubricants and Oils

Lincoln, et al.

Henry, et al_.

Reissue

22,448 of 2,302,703.

2, 322, 438

Lubricant which may utilize zinc dust as thickening ingredient.

Dewaxing lubricant stocks using cold, immiscible metal powders in solution of waxy oil in dewaxing solvent.
Powder Metallurgy 113

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

15. Lubricants and Oils—Continued

Patentee

Fuller, et al___ Wulff Howard

Becker

Cook, et al

Lincoln

Lincoln, et aL. Downing, et al Amott

Lincoln, et al_. Morgan, et al_ Engelke

U. S. Patent No.

2, 326, 938

2, 334, 738

2, 338, 941

2, 339, 371

2, 345, 239

2, 350, 783

2, 353, 169

2, 356, 661

2, 378, 820

2, 380, 454

2, 383, 148

2, 392, 468

Subject

Mineral oil, which may be used as lubricant,

containing iron granules.

Lubricant comprising metal powder, such as antimony or bismuth, incorporated in hydrocarbon lubricating oil. Refining petroleum distillates utilizing per- meable mass of zinc in oxidized condition

for removal of any residual heavy reaction products.

Lubricant comprising a lubricating oil, and

sulfurized halogenated phosphatidic material, which may include iron particles as halogen carrier. Lubricating oil utilizing metal salts prepared

by treating free amino compound with

powdered aluminum.

Lubricating oil which may incorporate metal

salts or metal powders.

Producing lubricant utilizing finely divided

metal, such as copper, as treating agent.

Lubricating oil utilizing copper powder.

Lubricating oil using zinc powder or zinc oxide powder.

Zinc dust is added to a lubricating oil to im- prove its characteristics. Finely divided lead is incorporated in a

lubricating grease. Finely divided silver is used in preparing a

phosphite ester to be used as a lubricant

additive.

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles

Currie

Pfannkuche.

Fritts

Gerding

Espenschied

421, 067

476, 816

874, 908

1, 142, 034

1, 251, 651

Iron chips, filings or shavings are compacted

with powdered asbestos or silicate of soda

to form magnet core. Electric converter having a magnetic envelope of paraffin insulated iron particles

surrounding primary and secondary conductors. Magnet used in "current varying apparatus"

of invention is made of "iron by hydrogen'

insulated and formed to shape or packed

in a casing.

Magnet core having a tubular body divided

in four sections down its length by a cruci- form magnetic conductor, the four sec- tions filled with iron filings. Air gap for a magnetic ring core, for ring type

coils used in telephone work, has increased permeability because it is molded from

specially insulated iron dust.
114 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Speed

Elmen

Woodruff. _

Elmen

Elmen

Milton

Harris Elmen

MacKnight

Elmen

Tykocinski -Tykociner.

Buttles.

Vawter.

Ehlers__

Ehlers__

Zickrick

U. S. Patent No.

1, 286, 965

1, 292, 206

1. 297, 126

1, 297, 127

1, 378, 969

1, 381, 460

1, 403, 305

1, 494, 070

1, 523, 109

1, 590, 399

1, 609, 460

1, 609, 745

1, 615, 685

1, 618, 818

1, 632, 105

Subject

Telephone circuit loading coil core formed

of 80 mesh iron particles made by "iron by hydrogen" process coated with red iron oxide and molded.

Improvement on 1,274,952, using particles of electrolytic iron, annealed and coated with

red iron oxide and compressed.

Improvement on 1,274,952 and 1,286,965

in which iron particles are first coated with lead, aluminum or zinc, and then

insulated by coating with shellac. Improvement on 1,274,952, 1,286,965,

1,292,206; finely divided hard electrolytic iron is mixed with 5 to 10 percent finely divided soft iron, coated with zinc, in- sulated with shellac. Magnet core of type of 1,297,126 and others, using finely divided ferro-silicon in place

of hard electrolytic iron. Treatment of cores made according to 1,286,965; core is baked, demagnetized,

and baked again.

Magnet core of type of 1,274,952 and

1,286, 965; particles used are annealed and

flattened into small, thin flakes. Magnet core like 1,297,126, in which finely divided magnetic iron, etc., is treated with

carbonizing agent to harden it. Magnet core of powdered iron suspended in a

fluid or mobile insulating compound.

Magnet core like 1,297,126 and others; finely divided particle of iron and nickel are heated to alloying temperature, the sintered mass then ground into alloy particles.

Sound motion picture film; hygroscopic

character of film is varied in accordance with image, and wet film is dusted with

magnetic metal powders, etc. Molding apparatus particularly adapted to forming magnetcores from finely divided magnetic material. Magnetic core formed of a mixture of iron dust and an insulating liquid binder such

as lacquer, pressed to extract part of lacquer.

Magnetic core probably of type of 1,297,126

and others; press form may be filled with

desirably varied mixtures of finely divided

insulating materials and magnetic particles to achieve uniform compression.

Induction coil core made of powdered magnetic material and dry insulating material,

pressed and heated to fuse one ingredient.

Producing alloy of magnetic material and

antimony reduced to finely divided state.
Powder Metallurgy 115

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Legg

Legg

Lowry

Lowry

O'Neill

Andrews

Andrews, et al

Andrews, et al Andrews

Bandur

Bandur

Bandur

Beath, et al Elmen

Karcher

Elmen

Ehlers

1, 647, 737

1, 647, 738

1, 651, 957

1, 651, 958

1, 653, 467

1, 669, 642

Reissue

20,507 of 1,669,643.

1, 669, 644

1, 669, 645

1, 669, 646

1, 669, 647

1, 669, 648

1, 669, 649

1, 669, 658

1, 669, 665

1, 695, 041

1, 698, 300

Magnet core of type of 1,297,126 and others;

nickel-iron magnetic dust is insulated by a

coating of lead sesqui-oxide. Nickel-iron magnetic alloy particles have a spongy oxide coating formed thereon which

is filled with powdered quartz.

Magnetic core of type of 1,297,126 and

others; finely divided magnetic material is insulated with a mixture of magnesium

borate and silica. Magnetic core; finely divided magnetic material is insulated with magnesium oxide and zinc oxide. Sound film of paper, etc., having a trail of magnetic metal dust in binder locally

polarized under magnetic needle in re- corder circuit. Magnetic core of type of 1,297,126 and

others; "perm-alloy", finely divided, is insulated by coating with silicic acid and

water glass and then coating with silicic acid and ferric oxide. Magnetic particles insulated with chromic

acid, water glass and talc. Magnetic particles insulated with sodium

silicate, bound with synthetic resin. Magnetic particles insulated with mercuric

nitrate. Magnetic particles insulated with flux of boric acid and kaolin; compressed cores may then be impregnated with zinc hydroxide; heat treatment of compressed

core is also claimed. Magnetic particles are treated with hydrated

alumina, boric acid, then with kaolin,

compressed and heat treated. Magnetic particles insulated with oxides of particles and given secondary coating of kaolin, compressed and heat treated. Making brittle magnetic alloys by melting

nickel and iron in presence of oxygen and

boiling molten material. Magnetic dust core heat treated after compression to restore magnetic and electrical properties lost during pressing.

Magnetic dust is heat treated prior to insulation and compression. Higher temperature gives higher permeability.

Magnetic dust core for which particles are given a spherical shape by spraying molten metal into water. Spherical form protects coating of insulation. Manufacturing bodies of pressed powdered

magnetic material.
116 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Andrews

Lowry

Elmen

Elmen

Ehlers

Swinne

Smith, et al Given

White

Harris

Zuger

Bozorth

Given, et al VanDeventer

Eisenmann, et al Eisenmann, et al Elmen

U. S. Patent No.

1, 703, 287

1, 714, 683

1, 715, 541

1, 715, 543

1, 721, 379

1, 725, 026

1, 728, 451

1, 733, 592

1, 739, 052

1, 739, 068

1, 741, 751

1, 747, 854

1, 759, 612

1, 774, 856

1, 783, 560

1, 783, 561

1, 784, 827

Subject

Iron-nickel alloy for dust cores made brittle by partially oxidizing while molten, solidi- fying, and rolling while hot until below

temperature of recrystallization.

Magnetic dust core; particles of alloy are mixed with finely divided hydrated silica, mixture evaporated, formed into core and

heat treated. Alloy of nickel, iron, cobalt, and molybdenum

which may be used in accordance with

methods for making permalloy dust cores. Magnetic core alloy of iron, nickel and cobalt which may be reduced to powdered form

for making dust cores. Permeability of magnetic dust cores is in- creased by impregnating the pressed core with colloidal solution of magnetic material. Magnetic dust cores, etc., are made of finely divided magnetic particles in monocrystalline form. Magnetic alloy of iron, chromium, and silicon powdered for use in dust cores. Magnetic dust cores for which permalloy

dust having too low content of one component is mixed with dust having too high

content of same, enabling formerly wasted

dust to be used. Nickel and iron alloy embrittled with sulphur

to make easily reducible for use in magnetic

cores. Manufacturing finely divided magnetic material by allowing to solidify in water molten magnetic material and embrittling

agent.

Electricity meter driving magnet core made

of pulverulent iron. Magnetic dust core for which magnetic particles are mixed first with silica dust, heat

treated, then separated from silica dust, insulated and .pressed. Magnetic dust core for which particles are given a pre-annealing heat treatment. Laminated magnetic core of paper coated with continuous layer of iron dust. Magnetic core of iron powder, obtained from

iron carbonyl, and montan wax. Magnetic core as above, using resinous con- densation product of urea and formaldehyde.

Loading coil core containing finely divided, insulated and intermixed particles of hard

steel and an iron-nickel alloy.
Powder Metallurgy 117

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

White, et al

Roseby

Harris

Chaston, et al__

Kelsall

Lathrop

Zimmerman

Andrews

Shermund

Wright, et al

Kramer

Hochheim, et al

Hochheim

Elmen

Andrews, et al_.

U. S. Patent No.

1, 787, 606

1, 789, 477

1, 790, 704

1, 795, 639

1, 809, 042

1, 818, 070

1, 818, 596

1, 826, 711

1, 827, 376

1, 831, 280

1, 832, 937

1, 838, 831

1, 840, 286

1, 840, 352

1,845,113

Subject

For use in magnetic dust cores, a high yield

of dust is obtained from comminuting

nickel-iron-chromium group alloys by in- corporating therein 4 percent copper. Magnetic dust core particles are coated with

iron phosphate and bound with synthetic

resin varnish. Magnetic dust core; yield of dust is increased by adding to iron-nickel, or iron-nickel- cobalt within 6 percent tin, bismuth or

lead. Magnetic dust core; insulated particles are compressed, conditioned in moist air or water and heat treated. Moisture causes

insulation to swell. Transformer core for high frequency currents, using finely divided nickel-iron alloy

loosely packed in a suitable container, rather than being compressed.

Magnetic dust core in which particles are insulated and bound by talc, and sodium

silicate of a high silicate to soda ratio obviating use of chromic acid; see Andrews

1, 669,643.

Magnetic dust core in which particles are insulated by zirconium silicate alone or combined with kaolin. Magnetic dust core of "permalloy" particles insulated with mixture of glue, soap, or

casein, and water. Magnetic dust core of 8 to 10 percent finely

ground mica reground with iron dust and

compressed.

Surgical instrument for extracting metallic chips from the body, for which the slid- able core member may be filled with

magnetic iron particles.

Magnetic dust core having particles insu- lated with very finely disintegrated silk paper and shellac or bakelite. Magnetic iron powder for cores of superior

permeability is prepared by decomposing

iron carbonyl, and treating metal in hydrogen atmosphere. Patent was applied for prior to application

for 1,838,831 and claims core compressed

from iron powder obtained by thermal

decomposition of iron-group carbonyl.

Magnetic dust core is annealed after compression, in an atmosphere of nitrogen or hydrogen.

Magnetic dust core; "permalloy" particles are annealed, insulated with chromic acid,

talc and water glass, pressed at 200,000 lb. per sq. in. and annealed at 500° C.
118 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Gillis

Best

Roseby

Owens

Swinne

Duftschmid, et al.

Gillis, et al Lathrop

Beath, et al

Brazier, et al Neighbors

Kramer

Gillis

Marris, et al

U. S. Patent No.

1, 845, 144

1, 847, 860

1, 850, 181

1, 853, 924

1, 855, 562

1, 855, 739

1, 855, 855

1, 863, 325

1, 866, 123

1, 868, 327

1, 871, 317

1, 878, 589

Subject

Magnetic dust core annealed after compression at a temperature selected according

to T=-0.382N2 +50N-1056; T=annealing temperature; N=percent nickel

in alloy.

Sound recording; phonograph record or sound film is coated with colloidal magnetizable iron in binder, light sensitive emulsion over binder. Magnetic dust core of short lengths of nickel-iron wire of diameter of 4 mils; powdered iron is added as filler. Magnetic dust core for which magnetic particles are mixed with insulation in presence

of volatile liquid.

Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated by applying a hydride of boron, silicon,

etc., decomposing hydride to deposit a

coating and applying a chemical to coat- ing to form an oxide layer.

Producing iron having valuable magnetic

properties by series of heat treatments of powdered iron. Molding dies for forming magnetic dust

cores. Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated by mixing with portion of insulation in a

volatile liquid, drying, and repeating

process. For production of metal powders for magnetic dust cores a brittle nickel alloy is made by partially oxidizing constituent metals while in molten state and working

metal in solid state while hot to produce

fine crystalline structure. Magnetic dust core using osmotic kaolin,

e. g., as insulating material. Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated with a nonhygroscopic residue of an

evaporated mixture of a water-soluble organic acid, sodium silicate and a ceramic

binder. Magnetic dust core ; binder for magnetic particles contains in admixture, fine threads

of asbestos. Magnetic dust cores are compressed at 250,000 pounds per square inch in prefer- ence to 200,000 pounds per square inch,

and annealed. Magnet core alloy powder prepared_ by

reducing powdered nickel and iron oxides,

sintering at higher temperature than that

of reduction, grinding, annealing while mixed with talc to prevent resintering.
Powder Metallurgy 119

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Roseby.

Linnhoff.

Lathrop _

Chipman

Chipman, et al.

Polydoroff

Hollingsworth.

Northrup

Chipman.

Schumacher.

Schulz

Roseby.

Ellis.. _

Neighbors.

Languepin.

Roseby.

U. S. Patent No.

1, 878, 713

1, 879, 361

1, 881, 711

1, 883, 559

1, 883, 562

1, 887, 380

1, 904, 233

1, 904, 665

1, 912, 887

1, 915, 386

1, 919, 806

1, 932, 639

1, 943, 115

1, 948, 308

1, 949, 840

1, 954, 102

Subject

Magnet core; magnetic material is drawn to wire which is flattened into tape, tape is cut to short lengths, insulated and compressed to shape.

Electric induction furnace having the induction coil surrounded by a yoke of pressed

magnetic iron particles and zinc oxide. Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated by mixing with kaolin and talc while dry

and adding a silica sol made with sodium

silicate and chromic acetate, and drying

the mixture. Sound film; granular magnetic material is pocketed between film and coating of cementitious material. Sound film; granular or ribbon magnetic

material is embedded within two-layer

film. Magnetic core of insulated finely divided

particles is standardized by passing electric current through core in flux direction of

core, partially breaking down insulation and bringing some particles in contact. Magnetic dust core; preliminary annealing heat treatment of magnetic particles is given after insulation is applied.

Electric furnace inductor coil is packed in an

uncompressed mass of iron filings and

electrically resistant particles of zircon, or

zinc oxide, to eliminate stray field. Sound film; cementitious layer has deposited thereon a line of magnetically connected

metal particles, coated over with cementitious substance and polarized.

Producing powdered magnetic materials by

heating below fusion point mixture of powdered metals. Magnetic core of finely divided ferromagnetic particles insulated by copper oxide

coating.

Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated by a coating of metallic fluorides. Magnetic dust core; "permalloy" particles are coated with a mixture of colloidal clay,

sodium silicate and milk of magnesia.

Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated by applying coatings of a compound of tartaric acid, sodium silicate, water and

insulating material, drying between each

coating to form water insoluble film. Magnetic sound record strip having track of metal filings or powder. Constant magnetic field is used for setting powder as it

is coated on. Magnetic dust core of an alloy comprising 60 to 80 percent nickel and 20 to 40 percent

cobalt.
120 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

DeForest.

DeForest.

Jaumann_

Maier

Roseby___

Polydoroff

Polydoroff.

Ehlers

Robinson __

Kato, et al_ Duftschmid

Vogt

Vogt

U. S. Patent No. Reissue

19,611 of 1,960,898.

1, 960, 899

1, 965, 649

1, 974, 079

1, 981, 468

1, 982, 689

1, 982, 690

1, 991, 143

1, 997, 193

2, 006, 987

2, 011, 697

2, 011, 698

Subject

Testing metal bodies by inducing magnetic

flux in body and sprinkling with paramagnetic particles which collect along cracks and defects. Paramagnetic particles, for use in testing iron or steel bodies for cracks, coated with

zinc oxide to prevent metal-to-metal contact between them which helps them de- magnetize readily. In a power transformer for radio frequency

circuits, the annular mass core consists of iron carbonyl particles insulated with

phenol condensation product.

Magnetic loading coil core built up of layers

of different magnetic materials; layers may

be sheet materials coated with metal dust

to provide additional layers.

Magnetic dust core; particles are insulated with varnish, and calcined magnesia.

Mass is subjected to action of magnetic

field while being molded.

High-frequency inductance coil core; iron powder is insulated with China-wood oil resin varnish and dry bakelite powder. Core is partially baked in mold; baking is finished outside of mold.

Selective radio circuit having a compressed

magnetic core of insulated magnetic particles of 300 mesh size. In radio-frequency magnetic bodies prepared

from powders, greater compression or in- crease of density of magnetic particles is produced by rolling the particles between

sheets of steel until formed into a strip or

plate. "Field-less" coil constructed by winding a

coil and filling it so it appears to be a solid

disc, with mixture of iron dust and latex, after which coil is vulcanized. Permanent magnet made by molding powdered oxides of iron and cobalt with binder

and sintering in a reducing atmosphere.

Producing magnetic material comprising consolidating and interdiffusing powdered

nickel and iron. High frequency magnetic core made of paper

coated with almost colloidal mixture of iron particles, alcohol and shellac, and

laminated. High frequency core material formed^ of in- sulating sheets coated with magnetic particles and laminated with chlorinated naphthalene.
Powder Metallurgy 121

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Hay.

Oexmann.

Rehmann.

Vogt

Cox.

Heinzel, et al.

Gillis.

Ruben.

Wohlfarth, et al___

Neighbors

Betz

Andrews

Gillis

Polydoroff

Scheppmann

Zumbusch

U. S. Patent No.

2, 035, 475

2, 041, 480

2, 048, 222

2, 064, 773

2, 068, 658

2, 075, 283

2, 076, 230

2, 085, 830

2, 090, 991

2, 110, 974

2, 113, 603

2, 117, 856

2, 118, 285

Subject

In recording, where different colored line records are obtained on moving paper, the

point electrode is tipped with colored powder mixed with magnetic nickel or iron powder.

Magnetic recorder; powdered carbonyl iron or alloys are used. Loud speaker magnet having cores and/or

pole pieces produced by sintering powdered tungsten and powdered iron. Magnetic core for high frequency coil formed

from oxide coated iron powder mixed with

thermoplastic binder which solidifies when

cool. Loading coil core of oxide coated iron particles tumbled in aluminum vapor to convert oxide to aluminum oxide, mixed with

alundum, e. g., and pressed.

Magnetizable alloys cold worked, annealed,

lightly cold worked, and annealed again,

from a raw material of sintered carbonylderived metal powders.

Magnetic dust core of compressed finely divided magnetic particles is sprayed with aqueous solution of lead borate, dried, and

heated to fuse and glaze. Pressed dust magnet of metallic particles milled with powdered vanadium pentoxide

(10 percent by weight) which acts as a

binder on pressing and heating.

Radio frequency core of magnetic dust formed into adjacent cooperating cup

shaped members forming an enclosure for the coil. Magnetic dust core; permalloy particles are

insulated, compressed and then heat- treated in a nitrogenous atmosphere to

anneal. In magnetic detection of flaws in iron and

steel, powdered nickel, iron, but preferably

iron oxide are mixed to paste which may

be diluted to a testing bath. Producing magnetic cores from powdered

nickel-iron alloy. Magnetic dust core; dust is heat treated in presence of carburizing agent, insulated,

compressed, and cores heat treated with

carburizing agent.

Producing compressed comminuted magnetic

core for high-frequency inductance device. High frequency core of iron powder coated with amber, moistened with turpentine oil and compressed. Permanent magnet compressed from a mixture of a number if different permanent

magnetic alloys in powder form whose

coercive forces are equalized.
122 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Riepka

Lucas

Cox

Legg

DeForest

Schulze

Burton

Hensel

Legg

Brill, et al___

Alexander

Vogt

Baermann, Jr

Hale, et al

Howe

U. S. Patent No.

2, 149, 782

2, 154, 730

2, 158, 132

2, 158, 409

2, 162, 273

2, 164, 383

2, 167, 240

2, 169, 732

2, 179, 810

2, 184, 769

2, 186, 659

2, 188, 091

2, 191, 151

2, 192, 743

Subject

High frequency core pressed from iron powder, cylindrical and threaded, having opposite sides of threaded body flattened to obviate burr formed in pressing.

Magnetizable mercury indicating fluid for use in measuring and gauging instruments,

e. g., 14 percent by volume steel dust; 3 percent powdered graphite; 83 percent mercury. Magnetic dust core; powdered iron, andalusite, sodium silicate and ammonium chro- mate heated to decompose ammonium

chromate and thereby oxidize any uncoated surfaces of iron. Magnetic dust core, temperature stabilized by using magnetic materials having op- posing permeability-temperature characteristics. To test a weld, finely divided magnetic

particles of varying degrees of fineness are applied thereto and weld subjected to magnetic field. Magnetic dust core; iron powder is coated

first with amber varnish, second with polystyrol. Magnetic modulator in which cores may be

filled with powdered magnetic material. Producing magnet comprising alloy of nickel, titanium, cobalt and iron. Powder for loading coil cores is suspended in coating bath and agitated by compressional elastic high frequency waves. Producing finely divided magnetic substance by reducing and comminuting mixed crystals of magnetic metal oxides and additional metal oxides, such as magnesium

or aluminum. Permanent magnet alloy produced from a powdered alloy of zirconium and nickel heated at a temperature between 345° C

and 800° C. Producing magnetic powder by cooling and

collecting magnetic particles subjected to reducing gas flame. Permanent magnet alloy (nickel, aluminum,

and steel) is powdered, molded with phenol

formaldehyde resm, and magnetized during

pressing.

Magnetic dust core is temperature compensated by mixture of permalloy with

Superla Wax or fluorspar which have

larger coefficient of thermal expansion than

alloy. Sintered permanent magnet of powdered 5 to 20 percent aluminum, 10 to 45 percent

nickel or cobalt, remainder iron.
Powder Metallurgy 123

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Howe

Howe

McCowen

Cross, et al_ _ Wassermann_

Price Brinkmann _ _ Moore

DeForest Whipple

Mayer, et al_

Bandur

Gottschart

Verweij, et al.

Fischer.

U. S. Patent No.

2, 192, 744

2, 197, 642

2, 199, 526

2, 200, 491

2, 205, 611

2, 206, 537

2, 214, 898

2, 216, 600

2, 217, 733

2, 218, 669

2, 221, 983

2, 230, 228

2, 231, 160

2, 232, 352

2, 238, 893

Subject

Sintered permanent magnet of powdered 10 percent aluminum, 17 percent nickel, 12)4 percent cobalt, 6 percent copper, remainder

iron. Furnace for fabricating sintered magnet

alloys containing aluminum, nickel and

cobalt. Material for electromagnetic cable-sheaths,

having high tensile strength; permalloy

powder is mixed with equal bulk of polymerized ethylene at above 110° C. Producing powdered magnetic alloys by

oxidizing, pulverizing and reducing nickel- iron alloy. Producing iron-nickel-aluminum alloy having high magnetic properties by sintering

metal powders.

Producing magnetic alloy comprising tungsten, nickel, copper and iron powders.

Magnetic dust core is given a thermoplastic

insulating jacket of lower softening point

than binder for metal powder.

Magnetic flux is directed through irregular

and hollow bodies for magnetic detection

of flaws by means of iron particles gathering at poles developed at defects. Testing apparatus employing paramagnetic

particles in a body of liquid.

Radio tuning core of compressed magnetic

material with connecting eyelets molded

in place at its ends. Laminar magnetic structure built up of layers of powdered iron group metal interlaid with insulating layers of inorganic

mineral oxide particles.

Magnetic dust core has 400 mesh particles coated with magnesium hydroxide, sodium

silicate, and talc, then further treated

before compression. Core for coils used in oscillating circiuts, band filters, etc., having low negative

temperature coefficient of inductance,

squirted to desired form from 50 percent

iron carbonyl powder and polystyrol

powder. For magnetic cores, powdered iron is coated by a material which does not chemically transform outside of powder particles.

Powder is mixed with weakly acid ferric phosphate of equal molecular amounts of

ferri-ion and phosphate-ion, dried and

re-powdered.

Nonhygroscopic loading coil core in which

magnetic particles are bonded with polystyrene.
124 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Dean, et al_ _ Bandur

Stier Bandur

Bergtold

Boegehold

Jones

Wentworth _ _

Verweij, et al

Whipple

Kaschke

Bryce

Berge

Harvey

Carlisle, et al. Trageser

Joseph

Polydoroff

U. S. Patent No. Subject

2, 239, 144

2, 241, 441

2, 268, 782

2, 276, 453

2, 277, 474

2, 289, 570

2, 306, 198

2, 307, 343

2, 330, 590

2, 333, 463

2, 339, 137

2, 340, 749

2, 344, 023

2, 351, 462

2, 352, 550

2, 354, 331

Producing permanent magnets by dispersing

magnetic material in mercury, removing

mercury and compacting into form. Producing magnetic core by subjecting

insulated dust to succession of compressing

operations.

High frequency inductance core of iron powder and semi-conducting binder containing carbon powder.

Lubricant composition adapted to production of magnetic 'cores comprising compressing coated metal powders.

High frequency inductance coil core, Ushaped, compressed from interwoven litz wires, its two ends of compressed magnetic

powder.

Producing magnetic alloy powder by atomizing and decarburizing molten-nickel, iron and carbon. Method and apparatus for imparting direc- tional magnetic properties to core samples

using highly ferro-magnetic powdered

alloys as magnetic material. Paramagnetic particles comprising compressing spongy metal particles which have

been coated with motor oil, or the like. Magnetic cores comprising mixing powdered

magnetic material with aqua ammonia

solution. Treating compressed ferromagnetic powder

core by impregnating in hot solution of water insoluble metallic soap in nondrving

oil. High-frequency ferromagnetic core in which

iron powder is used. Apparatus for recording statistical records

utilizing metal powders as magnetizable

material. Ferromagnetic core constructed of powdered

tin oxide and iron oxide. Variable permeability tuning system pro- vided with tuning cores of magnetic material, such as iron powder.

Earphone having permanent magnetic blocks made of powdered Alnico. Improving magnetic properties of nickel and iron and nickel-iron alloy powders by

thermal treatment in presence of inorganic

halides. Power plant of electrically started type having

powdered metal core. High-frequency inductor having magnetic

core composed of comminuted metal

powders compressed to desired high densitv.
Powder Metallurgy 125

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16. Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee

Polydoroff

Dodington

Sands.

Koch

Daiger, et al

Eilenberger

Eilenberger

DeForest

Neighbors

McClellan

Toulmin, Jr

Tawney

D'Entremont

Goldberg

Krase

Cross, et al

Wells, et al Walstrom

737128—47-

U. S. Patent No.

2, 354, 332

2, 357, 442

2, 359, 684

2, 361, 634

2, 361, 748

2, 361, 752

2, 361, 753

2, 365, 253

2, 365, 720

2, 368, 857

2, 384, 215

2, 387, 783

2, 391, 229

2, 391, 563

2, 393, 047

2. 393, 295

2, 401, 280

Subject

Loop antenna having associated core composed of finely divided insulated magnetic

particles.

High frequency amplifier having powdered

iron plunger of paramagnetic material. Loop input system for radio receivers utiliz- ing ferromagnetic core. Capacity pick-up device for phonograph rec- ords having coil with powdered iron core. Core for dynamoelectric machine molded

from magnetic particles mixed with in- sulating binder. Magnetic recording apparatus having sound

carrier of magnetic material, such as steel or nickel-aluminum combinations.

Magnetic pole piece for use in magnetic re- cording preferably made of plasticized

magnetizable powder, such as iron powder. In testing object for defects, paramagnetic

particles which are used to reveal cracks by their attraction to those defects, are coated with water soluble dyes to render

their pattern more visible. Compressed ferromagnetic core consisting

principally of minute particles of magnetic

oxide of iron. Inductance unit having powdered iron core member.

Mixture of magnetic and other particles are

alined by magnetic field, molded by

vibration to compact them, induction

heated, and then pressed.

Powdered iron is used as a magnetic element

with bakelite in forming an electrical transmission fine. Iron powder may be used in a magnetic cement for use in forming electrical induction apparatus core. Magnetite and carbonyl iron particles are insulated with a bakelite varnish and used

in a high frequency coil. Uses a finely ground ferro-alloy in producing

a well-drilling mud.

A compact of mixed metal powders is sin- tered and powdered and the powdered

material is added to insulated permalloy

dust in making magnetic materials. Iron powders are used in a printing ink on a wrapper to act as a magnet for controlling

web registering devices. Iron powder is added to drilling fluids for wells and is forced into permeable formations of a bore hole; a magnetic recorder

is then used to locate the most permeable

sections.
126 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

16, Magnetic Materials and Articles—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No.

Polydoroff 2, 401, 882

Guthrie, et al 2, 407, 234

Sander 2, 411, 810

Hansell __ 2, 412, 772 Ford 2, 412, 805

Benner, et al 2, 413, 098 Tillman __ 2, 413, 201 Di Toro__ 2, 413, 607

Subject

Powdered metal is used in making an ultra- high frequency inductor. A sintered magnetic core for use in relays

formed of nickel molybdenum and iron. A powdered iron core is used in the making

of an audio reactor for varying inductance. Powdered iron is used as a magnetic core for an electron discharge device oscillator. An iron dust core is used in an ultra high

frequency oscillation generator. An inductance core is made of finely powdered iron, litharge, and glycerin.

A powdered iron body is incorporated in a

radio frequency transformer. Comminuted iron and graphite particles are used in magnetic core of a time-delay net- work.

17. Miscellaneous Articles, e. g., Jewelry, Chemical Dishes,

Pen Points, Spectacle Frames, Small Bars and Tubes, Cigarette Mouthpieces and Like Items

Van der Meulen.

Leiser

Goeglein

"Williams.

Gebauer__

Pfanstiehl.

Gebauer__

Jones Crowley.

Schlecht, et al.

Cornstock

882, 770

1, 155, 652

1, 174, 646

1, 223, 322

1, 286, 089

1, 342, 801

1, 354, 492

872,

1, 882, 972

2, 126, 737

Hygienic metallic end for cigars comprising pure para rubber dissolved in benzin, with

talc powder ana aluminum powaer. Manufacturing solid shapes (bars, plates, cups, etc.) by heating molded mixture of

crystalline and amorphous metal powder.

Forming objects for jewelry by heating

granular metal in mold of desired form to degree at which constituent granules

coalesce. Producing solid bodies comprising removing

air from metal powders and subjecting to pressure. Producing formed metal articles by molding

and heating mixture of metal powders.

Producing hollow objects, such as chemical

dishes, comprising compressing metal powders around metal part and thereafter re- moving metal part with acids. Producing composite metal bodies by molding and heating low and high melting

point metal powders.

Producing iron and steel bars by heat treat- ing "machine shop turnings."

Molded body comprising compressed and

baked mixture of powdered metal and

metal jell. Shaped metal articles produced by sintering

metal powders arranged in spatial position to make shrinkage vertical. Manufacturing silverware, jewelry, etc. comprising sintering metal powders, applied

by use of adhesive, to presintered base.
Powder Metallurgy 127

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

17. Miscellaneous Articles—Continued

Patentee

Pfanstiehl.

Pfanstiehl.

Pfanstiehl.

Pfanstiehl

Brassert

Pickus

Kaschke, et al

Francis, et al_.

Morin 2, 300, 302

Schwarzkopf.

Volterra

Flynn.

Pickus

Jendresen.

Goetzel___

White.

White

Schoder, et al. Stern

U. S. Patent No.

2, 169, 280

2, 169, 281

2, 169, 966

2, 228, 235

2, 252, 697

2, 254, 975

2, 289, 787

2, 294, 169

Subject

2, 306, 665

2, 315, 302

2, 317, 987

2, 328, 580

2, 339, 079

2, 342, 799

Reissue 22,- 653 of 2,- 349,321.

2, 349, 322

2, 350, 421

2, 358, 667

Forming small shaped objects (pen points,

phonograph needles, etc.) by sifting metal

powder into minute cavity in rubber body

and applying pressure. Forming small shaped objects by applying

pressure to metal powders in apparatus

comprising series of die blocks. Preparing metallic tip for small bases by

compressing metal powders in small cavity

in substantially incompressible plastic

body.

Hardened base metal pen nib using powdered

chromium and carbon as starting materials. Manufacturing bars, tubes, rods, etc., comprising compressing and heating reduced

metal ore. Pen tip of sintered powdered platinum car- bide and powdered gold or gold alloy.

Producing shaped articles, such as bars or

tubes, by compression of sponge-like porous metal powder.

Casting rolls for steel mills whereby metal

at top of casting is kept molten longer by

covering with layer of thermite mixture

containing aluminum powder, iron oxide and fluorspar, and then with wood block and plate to protect from air. Apparatus for forming castings from metal

powders, particularly adaptable to manufacture of links and sliders of separable

fasteners. Producing shaped iron bodies by pressure and sintering metal powders.

Shaped iron bodies formed by pressure and

sintering mixture of three or more kinds

of iron powders.

Surgical device, such as catheter, formed by

extruding thermoplastic mass, containing

lead powder, through a die. Pen point made of powdered ruthenium and

metal of platinum group. Apparatus for tipping metal bases with

metal tips, such as pen points.

Producing shaped sintered iron bodies from

powdered steel or alloy steel containing

carbon. Accumulator, particularly of type used on

hydraulic systems of airplanes, having air

inlet of sintered metal powders.

Accumulator having air inlet of sintered bronze metal. Jewel consisting of mosaic pattern of metallic

particles embedded in molded plastic body.

Shaped articles, such as tubes and rods, pro- duced from magnesium and magnesium

alloy scrap.
128 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Contnued

17. Miscellaneous Articles—Continued

Patentee

Jarrett

Keller

Ebert

Baker

Dawihl

Hopkins

Jarrett

Taylor

Culver, et al

U. S. Patent No.

2, 365, 083

2, 377, 632

2, 377, 678

2, 378, 121

2, 378, 539

2, 380, 238

2, 389, 981

2, 394, 727

2, 402, 950

Subject

Gold-filled wire for use in optical trade having a core of metal powders in lieu of

solid core to decrease density. Rolls for use in apparatus for coating sheet metal produced by sintering metal powders. Die pressing a charge of metal powder to form shell for a lock nut. Light globe mountings having molded or cast members made from metal powders.

Making shaped forms of sinterable powder

mixtures of hard metal alloys and the like. Producing cast metal bodies utilizing metal

powders.

Manufacture of gold filled bar stock utilizing

powdered metals as a core, in lieu of a

solid core for use in optical field. Powdered metals are used in making pen

points.

A gasoline-controlling valve is formed of powdered iron, and has incorporated into

it a metal which completely closes the pores of the portions which contact liquid or gases.

18. Molds and Dies

Piker

Wyman

Koebel

Spade, et al

Roux

Calkins

Williams, et al.

Schroter Bateman

336, 824

1, 822, 720

1, 848, 182

1, 853, 385

1, 905, 505

1, 940, 294

2, 048, 309

2, 058, 110

2, 064, 778

Matrix of compressed compound of lead and/or tin, and mercury. Wire drawing die consisting of a mixture of tungsten carbide and thoria milled with

cobalt and sintered. Setting diamonds comprising embedding in comminuted alloy and heating and subjecting to pressure. Forming mold comprising impressing pattern

into metal powders and introducing filling metal, such as copper, to preserve ar- rangement.

Wire drawing dies formed from a sintered mixture of separately formed carbides of tungsten using pure powdered tungsten

and carbon to form the carbides. Fabricated die part comprising compressed mass of powdered iron, copper and graphite. Mold for preparing enameled cast iron for stoves is coated with copper powder to produce a blister free surface for enamel. Drawing die made of hard metal composition such as tungsten carbide cemented

with cobalt. Tire mold metallized with aid of lacquer

containing copper bronze powder.
Powder Metallurgy 129

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

18. Molds and Dies—Continued

Patentee

Schwarzkopf.

Romp

Francis, et al

Hensel, et al.

Ferrier Parvin

Proctor

Lindemuth__

Kelly

Ferrier Mayer

Kurtz Gantz

Devol

Seligman

Miller Morin

U. S. Patent No.

2, 205, 864

2, 216, 652

2, 294, 170

2, 300, 118

2, 328, 794

2, 333, 387

2, 352, 285

2, 358, 171

2, 363, 337

2, 363, 406

2, 369, 067

2, 374, 942

2, 381, 734,

2, 381, 735

2, 387, 886

2, 394, 394

2, 413, 512

Subject

Manufacturing metal bodies having hardened

surface, such as dies, valves, etc., by process of sintering metal powders.

Setting diamonds in diamond wire-drawing

dies comprising sintering metal powders.

Producing metal castings including covering

clean surface of steel with exothermic in- sulating mixture consisting of aluminum,

alumina, flourspar and calcium carbide. Lapping carrier, used for producing extremely smooth and accurate surfaces, prepared

by pressing and sintering metal powders.

Setting diamond in wire-drawing die while

heating to compress powdered monel metal.

Pull block for wire drawing machine having

a wire engaging surface of carbon and

metal powders.

Phonograph record stampers comprising

metal powders in thermosetting plastic material. Ingot mold having crevice between tapered

circular portions of mold and stool filled with metal powder.

Mold having heavy metallic backing in- corporating metal powders.

Wire-drawing die having block of hard metal

and using powdered metal as bed. Mold for air-cooled ribbed cylinders, etc., having core plates of iron borings or mixture of iron borings and sand. Method of mounting dies utilizing powdered

nickel, copper, chromium and silver. Thirty to fifty mesh iron pellets are used in making green sand mold chills. Plates for contacting molten glass, in glass sheet forming machine, are formed of pressed, powdered metal. Powdered metals are used in making a large sheet metal die, such as a die for auto- mobile parts. Molds are constructed of sintered metal

powder.

Powdered metal is pressure compacted,

sintered, and hardened to form duplicate

die parts. 19. Packing Materials Using Metal Powders

Peelle.

Morrison

.

522, 766

926, 676

Making packings comprising immersing dry

packing in bath of lubricants, removing,

drying and coating with metal powder,

such as aluminum.

Packing comprising cellular structure, of

iron or other suitable metallic substance,

whose cells are charged with lubricant

material.
130 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

19. Packing Materials Using Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Bailey_ _.

Sternlieb

Stewart.

FiechterOlsen

Peters.-

_

Pollard.

-

Fiechte^_

Larson. _

1, 158, 770

1, 441, 951

2, 101, 518

2, 316, 778

2, 341, 944

2, 357, 602

2, 363, 688

2, 372, 773

2, 391, 577

Packing composition comprising pulverized

metal mixed with natural mineral lubri- cant, fat, fibrous material, and powdered

cork. Packing composition comprising intimate mixture of oil, chalk, flaky graphite, and

spongy grains of metal, such as lead and

antimony alloy, or aluminum.

Coating fibrous material with metal powders

before weaving into packing material.

Self-lubricating metallic packing comprising

coating metal flakes with graphite, using

foundry molasses as binder. A tamping wad using metal powder to overcome natural buoyancy of body of fibrous material. Spark plug having metal powder disposed

adjacent spindle shank which powder,

when compacted, prevents gases from

pressing into interior of plug.

Packing comprising mass of discrete nonelastic metallic particles and oil-soaked wooden particles.

Self-lubricating semimetallic packing composed of plurality of interlocked pellets of lubricant-coated soft metal. Iron powder and graphite are briquetted to form a porous seal ring for a shaft.

20. Pigments, Paint, Etc. (See Also (< Coating and Molding'

for Specific Processes)

Hoffman

Shaffner Brown

Sachs

Inch

Cupper

Schwenterley

Ott, et al

18, 338

59, 281

298, 941

512, 224

546, 888

610, 645

613, 944

642, 358

Bronzing liquid made by adding bronze

powder to collodion. Manufacture of paper for promissory and

bank notes by adding metal powder to

pulp.

Paint made of sublimated zinc powder and

whiting.

Preparing mineral colors as substitute for bronze paints comprising powdered ani- malized mineral including bronze powder,

dyed with organic dye.

Paint consisting of granular tin and zinc,

oil and a drier. Crystal-aluminum-bronze composition comprising powdered aluminum and powdered

glass or diamond-dust.

Producing powdered coloring composition

from powdered coloring material including

bronze powder and powdered binder. Producing aluminum powder for paint by

pouring fluid aluminum into water and

comminuting particles so formed.
Powder Metallurgy 131

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

20. Pigments, Paint, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Hall___ _

Sternberg

Fujita

Shimadzu

Brandenberger

Podszus

Nittinger

Kramer

Kramer

Ragg

Arthur. _ Kramer

Kramer

Horns

Schober

Tainton

Hall_ _. Boothman

Murphy, Jr

U. S. Patent No.

701, 718

1, 110, 358

1, 444, 870

1, 584, 152

1, 717, 140

1, 785, 283

1, 795, 962

1, 832, 868

1, 909, 586

1, 915, 201

1, 920, 234

1, 930, 683

1, 930, 684

1, 953, 111

1, 953, 508

1, 954, 462

2, 002, 891

2, 017, 851

2, 038, 850

Subject

Manufacturing metallic pigment, for paint

from pulverized alloy of iron and some

other more electropositive element, such

as silicon. Paint composition comprising mixture of powdered ingredients including copper and anilin. Metallic leaf, coated with melted adhesive

powder, is ground into powder.

Paint comprising lead suboxide powder

intermingled with metallic lead powder,

with boiled oil and resin. Lead paint comprising lead powder, powdered metals adapted to prevent oxidation and a binder. Metals are polished for bronze paints by

subjecting metal powder to continual impact between steel balls in rotary motion.

Rust-resisting paint comprising finely ground

coal slag, electropositive zinc and binder. Metal particles are flattened by action of smooth steel balls in ball-mills. Polishing machine for bronze colors consisting of drum whose walls are contacted by rotary brushes. Producing metal-containing pigments by

atomizing molten metal and causing to come into contact with powdery material adapted for anticorrosive paints.

Aluminum bronze powder produced by

reducing aluminum and lubricating during

processing with stearic and ricinoleic acid. Polishing machine for bronze colors having

continuous feed and exit system for powders.

Similar to 1,832,868 except that lubricant is used. Producing laminated material comprising

passing fibrous material, utilized as surface

layer, through suspension of powdered

metal or pigment.

Paint vehicle with powdered aluminumsilicon alloy pigment.

Producing metallic paint from zinc powder.

"Leafing' ' quality applied to flake metal by

subjecting powder to action of leafing

agent dissolved in volatile paint thinner. Producing bronze powder pigments comprising repeatedly rolling aluminum covered with lubricant to form cake of fine aluminum flakes held together by lubri- cant. Shiny, oxide-free copper powder is precipitated in absence of free oxygen, and will combine readily with oxygen in paint

vehicle.
132 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

20. Pigments, Paint, Etc.—Continued

Patentee U. S. Patent No. Subject

Grady

Thies

Baer

Tainton

Stevens

Schober „_«

Kramer

Hoffman, et al

Arthur, et al__

Ziehl

Hicks

Sweeney, et al. Hoffman

McMahan

McMahan

McMahan

Harris

Arthur

Alborn

2, 044, 292

2, 054, 454

2, 071, 156

2, 080, 346

2, 082, 362

2, 106, 228

2, 112, 497

2, 113, 449

2, 125, 870

2, 144, 953

2, 168, 212

2, 176, 597

2, 178, 018

2, 178, 179

2, 178. 180

2, 178, 181

2, 185, 194

2, 193, 663

2, 226, 150

Zinc dust paint containing water absorbent

substance to retard evolution of hydrogen

during storage. Forming molded product having color effect by evenly distributing metal powder

throughout thermoplastic material. Coloring bronze powders comprising simul- taneously mordanting and dyeing alumi- num bronze powder.

Metallic powder suitable as pigment consisting mainly of zinc in flake form having

smooth, bright surfaces. Finely divided copper or copper alloy for use

as paint pigment made by forming an amalgam of copper and mercury, distilling

off mercury and grinding metallic residue. Coloring and protective coating comprising

powdered metallic aluminum and silicon in liquid binding medium, such as boiled

linseed oil. Machine for manufacturing bronze powders

in one continuous operation comprising

comminuting and polishing.

Producing multitoned metallic effect by

projecting against surface droplets of paint

having metal powder suspended therein. Fine aluminum bronze powder produced by

process of separation through a lifting air stream. Making bronze or metallic paste pigments

consisting essentially of metal flakes, a

thinner and leafing agent.

Synthetic metallic enamel comprising finely

ground metal bronze powder, volatile sol- vents and synthetic resins. Metallic paint containing amorphous copper. Producing nonleafing bronze powder coating

composition by mixing bronze powder

with synthetic resin varnish. Metal paste pigment comprising metal

flakes with leafing properties stabilized by

phenol.

Metal paste pigment comprising metal

flakes with leafing properties stabilized by

alpha and beta naphthol.

Metal paste pigment, comprising metal flakes with leafing properties stabilized by

amines.

Producing metallic pigments consisting of

flaked, polished and coated metal powders,

coating giving leafing quality.

Dry powder polished in cylindrical drum by

series of rotating brushes.

Heat-resisting paint comprising an asphalt,

oil-resin varnish, metallic bronze powder,

and extending pigment.
Powder Metallurgy 133

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

20. Pigments, Paint, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Harris

Ball

Harris

Harris

Powell _

Danielson

Ziehl

Arthur

Schroder

Ziehl _.

Tuwiner, et al

Reynolds

Farrell Ryan

Eckart

Fleming.

U. S. Patent No. Subject

2, 234, 164

2, 245, 745

2, 250, 955

2, 250, 956

2, 254, 976

2, 257, 595

2, 263, 603

2, 272, 629

2, 273, 597

2, 274, 766

2, 285, 762

2, 299, 034

2, 302, 305

2, 303, 504

2, 304, 681

2, 312, 088

Producing metallic pigment paste from metal

powders mixed with hydrocarbon solvent and stabilizing agent.

Aluminum pigmented coating composition

comprising triturated aluminum powder, a

drying oil and a resin. Producing metallic pigment paste formed of metal powders mixed with ethyl butyrate

solvent and stabilizing agent.

Producing metallic pigment paste formed by

mixing metal powder with colloidal sol with camphor.

Producing fine metal powders suitable for paints by dissociation of one or more

metal compounds in presence of suitable dispersing agent.

Paint for simulating wood grain comprising

nonleafing metal powder in flake form,

coloring ingredient and binder. Producing metallic paste or powder pig- ments by adding carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide to lead, tin, or zinc in ball milling

operation to improve leafing qualities.

Producing metallic pigments in dry powder

form by heating sludge of metallic powder

and volatile liquid and subjecting to action

of impact bodies. Producing finely divided pigments having

metallic luster by decomposing certain metal salts of organic acids. Wet-milling method of producing leafing copper bronze pigment Ubing liquid hydrocarbon solvent with leafing agent in

solution. Flaky metallic copper suitable for use as pigment produced by electrodepositing

upon a cathode carrying fatty acid radical and one hydroxyl group.

Metallic flakes, suitable for use as pigments,

formed by disintegrating composite metal

foils. Gloss enamel or pigmented lacquer incorporating aluminum or other flake metal.

Tarnish-resistant bronze powder comprising

distributing condensation product, such

as urea-formaldehyde, on metal powder.

Package for holding metal powder used in paints, comprising transparent plastic

cup-shaped closure in cylindrical paper body to which powder adheres, enabling

character of powder to be determined at

glance.

Incorporating a composition with bronze

powders which improves stability of leaf- ing property.
134 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

20. Pigments, Paint, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Dunn

McCord, et al_. Wobbe

Wobbe

Kopp

Kirby

Parsons, et al_ _

Schneider, et al.

Bruson

Christaldi, et al

Cummins

Rott

Mitchell

Heltzer, et al__.

Swift—

Ferst, et al Ferst, et'al

U. S. Patent No.

2, 323, 982

2, 326, 157

2, 326, 814

2, 326, 815

2, 328, 465

2, 330, 291

2, 332, 829

2, 341, 508

2, 345, 456

2, 345, 549

2, 349, 571

2, 352, 014

2, 353, 058

2, 354, 018

2, 354, 073

2, 355, 638

2, 355, 639

Subject

Process for making white lead using mixture

of lead oxide and finely divided metallic

lead. Producing activated anhydrite, calcium sulfate, used as extender pigments in paints,

incorporating zinc dust. Coating of aluminum paint or other metallic paint for black plate cans. Aluminum paint for black plate cans. Metalliferous dyestuffs in which finely divided metals are used as metallizing

agent. Azo dye using zinc dust in reaction which can be converted by heavy metallic salts to

water-insoluble pigments.

Incorporating aluminum bronze powder, or

similar pigment, in casein plastics to produce pearl-like effect for buttons and

similar articles. Increasing transparency difference of sound

records in multilayer materials by treating

with solution capable of bleaching silver but leaving granular silver unattacked.

S-benzyl thioanmeline aldehyde condensation

product which may be colored by metal

powders.

Making lasting records which comprises

exposing an emulsion of zinc cadmium sul- phide and manganese in the presence of moisture to ultraviolet light. Lacquer composition containing aluminum

or bronze powder and capable of retaining

powder suspended in leaf form on storage. Photographic image transfer wherein images

obtained consist of finely divided silver and silver compounds.

Bronze paste consisting of straight-run

bronze-powder resin and volatile thinner

free of sulphur and acidity.

Light reflector sheet which may comprise

water-resistant impregnated paper backing

sized with coating including aluminum

pigment for reflecting surface. Gold or metallic leaf sheet comprising carrier

strip of cellulose acetate with layers of adhesive material, metallic leaf and sizing thereon. Producing color-marking element which may

incorporate copper powder.

Pencil lead which may incorporate metal

powders or metallic salts reducible to free metal under firing conditions.
Powder Metallurgy 135

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

20. Pigments, Paint, Etc.—Continued

Patentee

Berg

Gerhart

Smith, et al

Murphy

Kline, et al McCord, et al_ Sturm

Maier, et al Rudnick

Ballard

Quisling

Andersen, et al

Barret Castor

Farr, Jr Babcock

Cooke, et al___ Ziehl

Hopkins

U. S. Patent No.

2, 355, 902

2, 361, 018

2, 370, 330

2, 372, 334

2, 374, 214

2, 379, 019

2, 380, 126

2, 380, 456

2, 383, 566,

2, 383, 567,

2, 383, 568.

2, 383, 704

2, 383, 990

2, 384, 521

2, 385, 125

2, 387, 243

2, 392, 135

2, 393, 731

2, 394, 843

2, 399, 705

2, 408, 515

Subject

Animated display device comprising trans- parent sheet having photographically

produced design, developed by rubbing

thereon metallic pigment, such as bronze

powder.

Artificial drying oil which may be combined

with metallic pigments to produce liquid

film which will harden to firm state. Applying finely ground silver, gold or other pigment or coloring material to image on

photographic plate to produce lasting

image.

Lacquer coating comprising aluminum bronze

in pigmented cellulose-ester binders.

Electrically conducting paper-utilizing alu- minum powder in pulp.

Preparation of pigmentary materials utiliz- ing finely divided zinc. Marking crayon which may utilize bronze powder.

Aluminum powder is added to lacquer to form an aluminum-pigmented lacquer.

Powdered aluminum is used in preparing one

layer of a photomechanical negative.

Powdered gold, silver, etc., are used in burnish gold preparation to decorate dinnerware. Bronze and aluminum powders may be added

as coloring to cosmetics. Aluminum powder is used as a pigment in

cellulose thermoplastic; claims are on ex- trusion method.

Nitrocellulose lacquer is pigmented with

metal powders.

Iron powder may be plated with gold and

dispersed in lacquer to give gold coating.

Aluminum powder may be used as pigment

in composition used for printing ink or other coating.

Metal powders are used in the production of metallic pigment paste. Aluminum powder coated on mica particles

is used as a pigment in metal coatings.

A method of increasiug the specular reflec- tivity and metallic luster of metal flakes

for pigments by wearing off the flake surface. A tin lacquer comprising powdered tin held

in suspension by a vinyl-resin binder and

for applying to black iron surfaces; the

lacquer is fused by heating.
136 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

21. Printing Type and Printing Plates or the Like Formed

With Metal Powder

Patentee

Adams

Boudreaux__

Decker

Lohrey

Losee Menihan

Ormond

Chollar Menihan

Toland, et al

Alger

Chollar

U. S. Patent No.

99, 806

608, 248

1, 210, 375

Reissue

22, 118 of

2, 199, 265.

2, 252, 776

2, 275, 592

2, 346, 939

2, 349, 613

2, 350, 564

2, 361, 665

2, 392, 521

Subject

Electrotype plates are more quickly formed

by coating impression wax and type with

powdered tin. Wax-impression printing blocks are given

metallized surface by rubbing bronze

powder on right after casting. Printer's blanket is coated with adhesive

and metal powder or other oil repellant.

Making porous printing type by molding

under pressure powdered nickel and

copper. Film for photogravure printing; cellulose film is coated with copper powder forming

etching surface. Producing solid articles carrying printed matter by compressing powdered metal

against engraved and inked printing element. Etching sensitive-coated printing rolls with

printing ink which is highly absorptive of metal powders, and sprinkling tacky ink image with aluminum or bronze powders. Porous resiliant printing plate having filler of metal powders.

Solid articles carrying printed matter composed of metal powder compressed into a

solid and carrying ink ornamental design

with some of ink incorporated in metal

powder before compressed.

Method of etching printing plates which

may have coating containing filler particles,

such as copper and zinc powders.

Intaglio printing cylinder which comprises

filling recesses in copper cylinder with wax

resistant, plating unrecessed portions with

chromium, removing wax and filling recesses with copper. Powdered metals may be used as filters in a

porous rubber printing plate.

22. Refractory Materials Using Metal Powders or Articles

Employing Refractory Metal Powders

Pfaff—

.

Coolidge

Zons

1, 159, 264

1, 226, 470

1, 520, 794

Refractory lining material consisting of a burnt mixture of powdered zirconia and

silicon-carbide. Preparing tubes from refractory metals by

sintering, under internal pressure, metal

powders in tubular mold.

Refractory alloy produced by packing and

heating mixture of the powdered metals.
Powder Metallurgy 137

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

22. Refractory Materials Using Metal Powders or Articles

Employing Refractory Metal Powders—Continued

Patentee

Lederer

Lorenz

Smithells

DeBats

Laise

Wolff, et al

Gitzen

Crowe

Huddleston

Mouromtseff, et al

Schaefer

Hensel, et al

Lowit

U. S. Patent No.

1, 659, 205

1, 704, 256

1, 857, 219

1, 993, 598

2, 120, 562

2, 304, 723

2, 330, 418

2, 343, 958

2, 360, 606

2, 360, 707

2, 364, 317

2, 370, 242

2, 373, 405

Subject

Producing highly refractory metals by heat- ing sulphide of the metal in vacuum to decomposition temperature and removing

volatilized sulphur.

Producing refractory ware by sintering

refractory metal powders to metallic wool. Manufacturing refractory metal bodies by

sintering in atmosphere of inert gas and

vapor of highly electropositive metal,

such as sodium.

Refractory metal alloy employing powders

of alloy components.

Producing refractory material from mixture

of refractory metal powders and base metal powders.

Articles of refractory alloys or sintered metals produced by subjecting fine-grained

mixture to centrifugal action to compress

it before sintering.

Treating foundry sands using charcoal,

pulverized coal and coke, carbon black,

lamp black, graphite and metallic

aluminum.

Tips for oxygen cutting torches having

molded piece containing the diverging jet passage formed of metal powders.

Valve guide provided with scraper ring of hard refractory metal composition.

Electrostatic shield member for electron discharge device comprised of highly

refractory metal, such as tungsten. Porous, self-insulated refractory article in- corporating aluminum powder.

Composition comprising refractory metal

powders coated with platinum or palladium

and bonded together with metal such as

gold, copper or silver. Manufacture of seamless tubes from refrac- tory metal powders.

23. Solder and Sealing Media (see also "Packing Materials"

and "Welding Rods and Compositions")

Henderson.

Hey

Parker

1, 340, 655

1, 947, 938

1, 980, 927

Composition for repairing radiators of

interiial combustion engines comprising two kinds of metal powders and liquid binder. Soldering paste for aluminum is made by

precipitating on tin a porous spongy body

of zinc and mixing sponge with vehicle. Solder comprising sintered solder particles

with flux contained pores of mass.
138 Miscellaneous Publications, National Bureau of Standards

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

23. Solder and Sealing Media—Continued

Patentee

Hanak

Powell Brewer

Schrohe, et al Cox

Merrill, et al_ Geyer

Stoltenberg. _

Burrell

Chamberlain _ Cipriani

Dodge

Miller

Miller

U. S. Patent No.

2, 116, 891

2, 189, 640

2, 301, 513

2, 324, 729

2, 334, 609

2, 347, 211

2, 352, 784

2, 367, 445

2, 377, 322

2, 378, 687

2, 380, 579

2, 387, 722

2, 403, 109

2, 403, 110

Subject

Scrap babbitts, hard metals or antifriction metals are converted into solder metal. Producing hard solders in form of metal

powders.

Repairing cracked cast iron parts by flowing

nitric acid into crack, applying cast iron powder, and applying muriatic acid. Xonhardening lubricating pipe joint cement

comprising mixture of castor oil, powdered

barium sulphate, and flake aluminum.

Core solder produced from comminuted

solder metal and fluxing material. Composition for use as sealer which may

utilize metallic flake aluminum pigment.

Fluid seal used for sealing water pumps,

etc., having washer made from carbon

and self-lubricating metal, such as porous

bronze.

Sealing center metal electrode in bore of ceramic insulator of spark plug by compacting metal powders in space. Soldering device utilizing powdered iron and or aluminum as heat supplying

material.

Utilizing magnesium shavings in sealing a

well bore. Powdered metal is used for sealing an

electrode to spark plug insulators. Solder in powdered form such as copper or brass is used between parts of a vaned

element and fused by application of heat. A nickel-particle flux used as an immersing

agent in brazing aluminum and its alloys. A powdered brazing mixture of an alkali metal chloride flux and an aluminum base

alloy used for joining aluminum and its allovs.

24. Welding Rods and Compositions

Griffith

Tabet

Morgan

Sieger, et al

Sieger, et al

704, 793

893, 207

1, 803, 634

1, 848, 437

1, 848, 438

A copper plate is welded to a second metal by an intermediate coating of powdered

copper. Copper is welded with powdered copper and

a borax flux. Hard facing-forming welding composition

having powdered tungsten as principal in- gredient.

Welding electrode formed from a porous base made of powdered tungsten and carbon

filled with low melting point metal such

as copper. Welding electrode formed from a porous base

filled with a noble metal.
Powder Metallurgy 139

V. APPLICATIONS OF METAL POWDERS—Continued

24. Welding Rods and Compositions—Continued

Patentee

Taylor.

McCarroll, et al

Schlecht, et aL_

Ammann

Hardy

Hensel, et al

Hensel

Hensel

Hensel, et al

Hardy, et al___

Phillips, et al

Kihlgren

Kennedy

Cadwell

Cadwell

White

U. S. Patent No.

1, 896, 853

1, 943, 541

1, 972, 463

1, 999, 888

2, 121, 194

2, 131, 475

2, 131, 994

2, 160, 659

2, 266, 422

2, 297, 554

2, 301, 320

2, 303, 746

2, 326, 865

2, 355, 627

2, 360, 758

2, 370, 100

Subject

Welding together two metal structures having different melting points by applying

pressure, pressing and sintering two metal

powders superimposed one on the other. Metallic powder is subjected to a reducing

agent, pressed in dies and sintered to form

welding electrodes. Producing welded metals comprising sinter- ing mixture of metal powders obtained by

thermal decomposition of metal carbonyl,

with nonmetallic fluxing agent.

Weldrod made of an iron tube filled with a

sintered mixture of a chromium carbide,

silicon and manganese.

Producing welding rods comprising coherent

aggregate of finely divided materials, in- cluding copper. Pressure exerting welding electrode, 99% cop- per and remainder cobalt and beryllium.

Metals may be powdered and briquetted.

Welding electrode alloy formed from sin- tered tungsten powder filled with copper

or silver alloy. Welding electrode of sintered tungsten and

tungsten carbide alloyed with nickel and

copper. Producing pressure exerting welding elec- trodes by pressing and sintering copper

powders.

Method of welding employing bonding ele- ment of porous but coherent mass of copper powder containing phosphorus.

Welding electrode having a nickel core, a surrounding coating of copper and an

outer flux coating of metal powders.

Coating for nickel arc welding rods comprising calcium and sodium fluorides, nickel- titanium alloy, carbon, and dextrine.

Electric welding composition using finely

divided ferrous material, steel filings, powdered aluminum and copper. Welding material for use in an exothermic

reaction comprising mixture of aluminum

powder, copper oxide and combined

oxygen. Apparatus (mold) for cast welding ends of

rail bonds to rails by exothermic reaction involving metal powders. Arc tip on arc welding electrode which may

be made of iron oxide and aluminum

powder.

o