H. Res. 1328 

In the House of Representatives, U. S., 

November 20, 2024. 

Whereas Article II of the Convention on the Prevention and 

Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (in this preamble 

referred to as the ‘‘Genocide Convention’’), adopted at 

Paris on December 9, 1948, defines genocide as ‘‘any of 

the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in 

whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious 

group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) 

Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the 

group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions 

of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction 

in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to 

prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring 

children of the group to another group’’; 

Whereas the genocide that began in 2003 in Darfur perpetrated by the Government of Sudan and its proxy 

Janjaweed militia, explicitly targeting the Fur, Zaghawa, 

and Masalit ethnic communities through mass killings, 

forced displacement, the razing of villages and cropland, 

widespread rape, aerial bombings of civilians, and the 

blocking of humanitarian assistance, killed at least 

200,000 civilians and displaced 2,000,000 people; 

Whereas, on July 22, 2004, Congress declared, with the passage of House Concurrent Resolution 467 (108th Con-
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gress) and Senate Concurrent Resolution 133 (108th 

Congress), that atrocities occurring in Darfur were genocide, and the administration of President George W. 

Bush declared genocide in Darfur on September 9, 2004; 

Whereas, in 2013, the Government of Sudan, under the administration of the National Intelligence and Security 

Service (NISS) and the command of the Sudanese Armed 

Forces (SAF), formed the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), 

a formal paramilitary force composed primarily of 

Janjaweed militia; 

Whereas Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (commonly known as 

‘‘Hemedti’’), a Janjaweed militia leader during the genocide in Darfur that began in 2003, served as head of the 

RSF and became the deputy head of the Transitional 

Military Council, which took power from the President of 

Sudan Omar al-Bashir in 2019, and the deputy chairman 

of the successor Sovereign Council; 

Whereas the elevation of individuals who served in leadership 

of the parties responsible for such genocide, including 

Hemedti and General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan of the 

SAF, into leadership roles in the transition government 

in 2019 only heightened the risk of atrocities recurring 

across Sudan, including genocide in Darfur; 

Whereas fighting between the SAF and the RSF broke out 

in Khartoum on April 15, 2023, and quickly spread to 

Darfur, where the RSF has taken control of four of five 

regional capitals in Darfur: Nyala, Geneina, Zalingei, and 

El Daein; 

Whereas, on August 16, 2023, CNN issued an investigative 

report on the June 15, 2023, atrocity in El Geneina, the 

capital of West Darfur, describing the atrocity as ‘‘one 
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of the most violent incidents in the genocide-scarred Sudanese region’s history’’, explaining how ‘‘the powerful 

paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and its allied militias 

hunted down non-Arab people in various parts of the city 

. . . reviving a genocidal playbook’’, and in which survivors reported that identifying as Masalit ‘‘was a death 

sentence’’; 

Whereas, on November 3, 2023, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights stated, ‘‘We 

are deeply alarmed by reports that women and girls are 

being abducted and held in inhuman, degrading slave-like 

conditions in areas controlled by the Rapid Support 

Forces (RSF) in Darfur’’; 

Whereas, on November 14, 2023, the United Nations Special 

Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Alice Wairimu 

Nderitu, expressed extreme concern with the ‘‘serious allegations of mass killings’’ in Ardamata, which ‘‘may constitute acts of genocide’’, citing reports that the violence 

killed more than 800 people and displaced 8,000 Sudanese individuals to Chad; 

Whereas, on December 6, 2023, Secretary of State Antony 

Blinken determined that, since the fighting between the 

SAF and the RSF began on April 15, 2023, Sudan has 

experienced war crimes, crimes against humanity, and 

ethnic cleansing in ‘‘haunting echoes of the genocide that 

began almost 20 years ago in Darfur’’, including Masalit 

civilians being ‘‘hunted down and left for dead in the 

streets, their homes set on fire, and told that there is no 

place in Sudan for them’’; 

Whereas a December 15, 2023, Reuters special investigative 

report detailed the targeted killing of Masalit men and 

boys by the RSF, about which an emergency protection 
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officer for the United Nations High Commissioner for 

Refugees explained that ‘‘the objective of the killings 

seems to be the elimination of future fighters as well as 

the line of ancestry of a specific ethnic group’’, referring 

to the Masalit people; 

Whereas the RSF has killed Masalit political and traditional 

leaders in El Geneina, West Darfur, including Khamis 

Abdullah Abbakar, the Governor of West Darfur, and 

Farsha Mohamed Arbab, a prominent leader of the 

Masalit Sultanate; 

Whereas, on May 9, 2024, Human Rights Watch reported 

that attacks by the RSF and allied militias in El 

Geneina, the capital city of Sudan’s West Darfur state, 

killed thousands of people and left hundreds of thousands 

as refugees, from April to November 2023; 

Whereas there is significant evidence of widespread, systematic actions against the non-Arab ethnic communities of 

Darfur, including the Masalit people, committed by the 

RSF and allied militias that meet one or more of the criteria under Article II of the Genocide Convention, including— 

(1) killing members of the non-Arab ethnic communities in Darfur in mass killings of civilians, including 

summary executions in the streets and shootings of civilians fleeing across the Wadi Kaja river and to the Chad 

border, targeted killings of men and boys, targeted 

killings of Masalit leaders, and burials in mass graves; 

(2) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of such communities, including through extrajudicial 

detention, torture and beatings, extortion, sexual and 

gender-based violence, mass rape, sexual slavery, and 

forced displacement; and 
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(3) deliberately inflicting on such communities conditions of life calculated to bring about their physical destruction in whole or in part, including the annihilation 

of villages, targeted attacks on marketplaces and schools, 

widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure and telecommunication, the looting of homes and hospitals, assaults on camps for displaced persons, the destruction of 

humanitarian facilities, the killing of aid workers, and restrictions on humanitarian aid and access; and 

Whereas credible descriptions of the RSF’s objective of elimination of the line of ancestry of the non-Arab tribes of 

Darfur, survivors’ statements reporting that identifying 

as Masalit is a death sentence, and reports that the RSF 

made clear that there is no place in Sudan for the 

Masalit, against the backdrop of the prior genocide in 

Darfur, evince a specific intent on the part of the RSF 

to destroy the Masalit and other non-Arab ethnic groups 

in Darfur in whole or in substantial part: Now, therefore, 

be it 

Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 

(1) condemns atrocities, including those that 

amount to genocide, being committed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied militias against the 

Masalit people and other non-Arab ethnic groups in 

Darfur, and the roles of the RSF and Sudanese Armed 

Forces (SAF) in perpetrating atrocities, humanitarian 

catastrophe, and the destruction of Sudan; 

(2) calls for an immediate end to the war and all 

violence and atrocities in Sudan; 
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(3) urges the Government of the United States— 

(A) to take immediate steps with the international community, including through multilateral 

fora, to protect civilians, including by establishing 

safe zones and humanitarian corridors, enforcing 

the United Nations Security Council arms embargo 

on Darfur, and brokering a comprehensive ceasefire between the warring parties in Sudan; 

(B) to support the consistent and transparent 

documentation of atrocities and genocidal acts in 

Sudan by instituting a mechanism that will, to the 

greatest extent possible, publicly release such documentation on a consistent and regular basis; 

(C) to immediately identify mechanisms 

through which to fund local, community-based organizations that are currently providing nonlethal assistance to the Sudanese people in conflict-affected 

areas that traditional implementing partners cannot 

reach, including for the delivery of food, medical 

aid, and shelter to individuals impacted by the war 

in Sudan; and 

(D) to review and update the atrocities determination for Sudan every 180 days for 3 years from 

enactment; 
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(4) supports tribunals and international criminal investigations to hold the RSF and allied militias accountable for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide; and 

(5) calls on the Atrocity Prevention Task Force to 

conduct a comprehensive review of its efforts to prevent, 

analyze, and respond to atrocities in Sudan, in alignment with the 2022 United States Strategy to Anticipate, Prevent, and Respond to Atrocities. 

Attest: 

Clerk.