Reference

NAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH NBS

PUBLICATIONS

AlllDb 3 1 b 3 5

NBSIR 85-3284

User's Guide for FAST

William D. Walton

Steven R. Baer

Walter W. Jones

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

December 1985

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

QC vlAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

100

• U56

85-3284

1985

NBSIR 85-3284

USER S GUIDE FOR FAST

jJSEARCK information CENTER

- A»S5

f

<J'-'

no,

William D. Walton

Steven R. Baer

Walter W. Jones

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

December 1985

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF FIGURES iv

Abstract 1

1.

INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 SUMMARY OF THE MODEL FEATURES 2

1.2 USING THE COMPUTER PROGRAM 4

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INPUT DATA 4

2.1 Title and Timestep 6

2.2 Configuration Parameters 7

2.3 Floor Plan Data 8

2.4 Connections 9

2.5 Thermophysical Properties of Enclosing Surfaces . 10

2.6 Fire Specifications 11

2.7 Species Production 16

2.8 Output File 17

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE OUTPUT 18

3.1 Summary of Input Data 18

3.1.1 Geometrical Data 18

3.1.2 Thermophysical Properties 19

3.1.3 Fire Specifications 20

3.2 Results of Calculations 20

4.

REFERENCES 22

APPENDIX A: SAMPLE INPUT 25

APPENDIX B: SAMPLE OUTPUT 26

iii
LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Schematic of upper and lower layer control

volumes 23

Figure 2. Example of mass loss data for a specified

fire 24

iv
User's Guide for FAST

William D. Walton

Steven R. Baer

Walter W. Jones

ABSTRACT

FAST is a multicompartment zone type computer model which

predicts the smoke hazard development in each compartment based

on a description of the compartments and the fire. A FORTRAN

program has been written for the model. This user's guide

provides a detailed description of the data input requirements

and the output produced by version 17 of the program. Also

included are sample program input and output.

Key Words: compartment fires; computer programs; fire growth;

manuals; mathematical models; room fires; smoke; toxicity.

1
1 . INTRODUCTION

In 19S4 Walter W. Jones published a report describing a

computer model for the transport of fire, smoke and toxic gases

1 (FAST) Cl,23 . The report describes the basic phenomena used in

the model and a computer program (FAST Version 15) which performs

the calculations. Although that report includes a sample input

data set, it does not provide information about the input format

and options. This user's guide supplements the initial report by

providing a detailed description of the program input and output,

as well as information on installing and running a slightly

revised version of the program, FAST 17. This user's guide does

not include a catalog of fire related materials property data. A

recent report by Gross [3] provides examples and sources for such

data

1.1 Summary of the Model Features

FAST is a multicompartment control volume (zone) type fire

model . It assumes that each room or compartment can be separated

into volumes in which the properties such as temperature and

pressure are relatively uniform. The two volumes of most

importance to the user are the hot upper layer, sometimes known

as the smoke layer, and the relatively cool lower layer. A

schematic of the upper and lower layer control volumes is shown

Figures in brackets indicate literature reference at the end of

this report.

2
in Figure 1. The primary purpose of FAST is to predict the

conditions in the two layers as a result of a fire.

FAST considers the fire to be a source of heat and

combustion products. The heat generation rate used by the

program is the result of multiplying an effective net heat of

combustion by a time varying rate of mass loss ("burning rate")

of the fuel. Both of these values are user specified. The FAST

model assumes that the fire burns at the rate specified by the

user regardless of the conditions in the room.

The product or species generation rates are user specified

inputs in terms of the rate a species is generated per unit mass

loss of fuel. The generation rates may vary as a function of

time. FAST has the ability to track a number of common fire

species such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

and smoke. As with the mass loss rate, the fire conditions do

not affect the user specified species generation rates.

Using the specified heat and product generation rates and

geometrical and thermophysical data, FAST solves equations for

the conservation of mass, momentum and energy plus heat

conduction and mixing within each control volume as a function of

time. The results are the thickness and temperature of, and

species concentration in, both the upper and lower layers in each

compartment. Also given are the heat transfer and mass flow

rates, and boundary surface temperatures.

3
1.2 Using the Computer Program

The FAST program consist of over 3000 lines of FORTRAN and

is believed to adhere fully to the FORTRAN 77 standard C43

The

program source code is supplied on either magnetic tape or disk

and includes information on installing the program. Users may

require assistance from their local computer systems staff in

installing the program. The procedure used to run the program

will depend on the installation at a particular site.

The FAST program is written for “batch input." An input

data file is prepared by the user with a text editor. This data

file is then assigned as input to the FAST program. FAST does

not prompt the user with questions concerning the input data.

The following section of this paper describes the structure of

the input data file.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INPUT DATA

The input must be grouped in the following order 1) Title

and time step, 2) Configuration parameters, 3) Floor plan data,

4> Connections, 5) Thermophysical properties of the enclosing

surfaces, 6) Fire specifications, 7) Species production, 8)

Output file. Although the above sequence of groups must be

followed, the sequence of the lines within the groups is not

significant. The number of lines in a given data set will vary

depending for example on the number of openings or the number of

species tracked. A sample input data file is given in

4
Appendix A. A number of parameters such as heat transfer and

flow coefficients have been set within the program as

constants Cl, 2].

Each line of input consists of a label followed by one or

more numerical values associated with that input variable. The

label must always begin in the first space of the line and be in

capital letters. If the label is less than five characters in

length, spaces must be added to the end of the label to complete

the required five character length. Following the label, the

first of the values may start in any column and all values must

be separated by either a comma or a space. Values may contain

decimal points if needed. Units are standard SI units except

energy (kJ> and power (kW)

In the following examples, the

symbol ~ is used to indicate a space. The symbol 0 indicates the

number zero and the symbol 0 indicates the letter 0. FAST will

successfully run with the omission of some input lines or values.

These cases are indicated throughout this document.

5
2.1 Title end Timestep

VERSN

INPUT:

VERSN [Number] [Title]

EXAMPLE:

VERSN" '’01 7 'BUILDING XYZ

NOTES:

VERSN must be typed in to the first five spaces of the

line followed by two blank spaces in columns six and

seven and the number 017. [Title] is optional and may

consist of letters, numbers, and/or symbols that may be

entered in the next 50 spaces and permits the user to

label each run.

TIMES

INPUT:

TIMES [Simulation time (sec)] [Print interval (sec)]

[Dump interval (sec)]

EXAMPLE:

TIMES"360"30"10

NOTES:

[Simulation time] is the length of time over which the

simulation takes place. The maximum value for this

input is 86400 seconds (one day)

[Print interval] is the time interval between each

printing of the output values. In this example, the

output will be printed for every 30 seconds of the

simulation

[Dump interval] is the time interval between each

writing of the output to the dump file. See Section

2.8. In this example, data will be written to the dump

file for every ten seconds of the simulation. A zero

must be used if no dump file exists.

6
2.2 Configuration Parameters

NROOM

INPUT:

NROOM [Number of rooms]

EXAMPLE:

NR00M'3

NOTES:

[Number of rooms] is the number of rooms (compartments)

inside the structure to be analyzed. The maximum

allowable number of rooms is 10 for version 17 of FAST.

The space outside the structure is automatically

numbered 1 greater than the specified number of rooms.

In the above example, the outside would be room 4.

Rooms in the structure which are not part of the

analysis do not have to be numbered.

NMXOP

INPUT:

NMXOP [Maximum number of connections (openings)

between any two rooms]

EXAMPLE:

NMX0P*“1

NOTES:

[Maximum number of connections] is the maximum number

of connections (openings) between any two rooms. For

example, if two windows and one door connect ad 3 oining

rooms then 3 is used as the input. The [maximum number

of connections] cannot exceed 4.

The maximum number of connections is not a limit on the

number of connections to a single compartment. For

example if five rooms, each with a single opening, are

all connected to the same room then the maximum number

of connections is 1.

7
TAMB

INPUT:

TAMB' [Ambient temperature (K)3

EXAMPLE:

TAMB'300

NOTES:

[Ambient temperature] is the temperature of the ambient

atmosphere in Kelvin (Kelvin = degrees Celsius + 273)

2.3 Floor Plan Data

INPUT:

HI/F' [Floor height (m)]

WIDTH [Room width <m>]

DEPTH [Room depth <m>]

HEIGH [Room height <m)]

EXAMPLE:

HI/F"'0.0"0.0"0.0

WIDTH"6. 1"4.6"4.6

DEPTH' '9.1 "4. 3' '4.

HEIGH "3 .6"2.4"2.4

NOTES:

[Floor height] is the height of the floor of each room

with respect to some reference datum (e.g., the

ground)

[Room width]

,

[Room depth] , and [Room height] are the

dimensions of each room.

The number of values in each line must equal the number

of rooms specified for NROOM.

8
2.4 Connections

INPUT:

HVENT EFrom room number] CTo room number] [Opening

width (m)] [Opening height (m)] [Sill height <m>]

EXAMPLE:

HVENT - 1 ' ~ 2 ~ ”

1 . 1 ~ ” 2 . 1

~ ,v 0 .

HVENT~1~'3~~1 . 1"2. l^^O.O

HVENT''2~~4'*''l . 3" "2 . 1 .

NOTES:

[From room number] is the room number from which the

smoke is assumed to be originating.

[To room number] is the room number to which the smoke

is assumed to be flowing. The program will

automatically correct the flow direction if the assumed

direction is incorrect.

[Opening width] is the width of the opening.

[Opening height] is the height of the top of the

opening above the floor.

[Sill height] is the height of the bottom of the

opening (sill) above the floor.

Openings to the outside are included as openings to the

room with a number 1 greater than the number of rooms

specified for NROOM, which in the above example

is room number 4.

9
2.5 Thermophysical Properties of Enclosing Surfaces

INPUT:

[Label]

COND' [Conductivity (kW/(m*K))3

SPHT' [Specific heat~ <kJ/ <kg • K) ) 3 DNSTY [Density (kg/m )

THICK [Thickness (m)3

EMISS [Emissivity]

EXAMPLE:

CEILI

COND" .00018"“ .00018*“ .00018

SPHT" . g ~~ . 9

DNSTY "*790. '"790. ''"790.

THICK'. 016"'. 016" '.016

EMISS'. 9'"". 9" '".9

WALLS

COND" .00018' .00018' .00018

SPHT".9'"".9'"".9

DNSTY'790 . 790 . 790

THICK'. 016" '.016 .016

EMISS'. 9 .9 '.9

FLOOR

COND" .0017" .0017" .0017

SPHT" 1.0 1.0 1.0

DNSTY'2200 . "2200 . "2200

THICK'. 15 .15" ".15

EMISS'. 9 .9 .9

notes:

CEILI, WALLS, and FLOOR are the required [Labels] for

the ceiling, walls, and floor respectively.

The number of values in each line should equal the

number of rooms specified for NROOM except as noted

below

COND, SPHT, DNSTY, THICK and EMISS are the labels for

the thermophysical properties of the enclosing surfaces

(walls, ceiling or floor) . If the thermophysical

properties of the enclosing surfaces are not included

FAST will treat them as adiabatic (no heat transfer)

Since most of the heat transfer is through the ceiling

and the conduction calculation takes more than half of

the computation time, it is recommended that initial

calculations be made using the ceiling only. Adding

the walls generally makes little change in the results

and the floor contribution is negligible. Clearly,

there are cases where the above generalization does not

hold, but it may prove to be a useful screening

technique

10
It is possible to account for enclosing surfaces

composed of a maximum of three layers of different

materials. To do this, the thermophysical parameters

are separated by "/" for each surface and each

compartment. As an example using the sample data

above, the ceiling in compartment 2 is divided into

three layers. Each of these layers has the same

thickness but the properties of the center layer differ

from the outer two layers.

CEILI

COND" .00018' .00018/. 00004/ .00018' .00018

SPHT" .9'"" .9/ .8/ .9 .9

DNSTY'790 . ' "790 . /50 . /790 . ' "790 . THICK' .016'" .016/ .08/ .016'" .016

EMISS' .9 .9"' "".9

Note there is only a single value for the emissivity

and it applies to the interior surface of the

enclosing surface.

2.6 Fire Specifications

LFB0

INPUT:

LFB0' [Room of fire origin] [Description]

EXAMPLE:

LFB0"2'R00M OF FIRE ORIGIN

NOTES:

[Room of fire origin] is the room number in which the

fire originates.

[Description] is an optional user comment and has no

effect on the program, but serves to clarify the data

file to the user.

11
LFBT

INPUT:

LFBT" [Fire type] [Description]

EXAMPLE:

LFBT""*1*“ TYPE OF FIRE (SPECIFIED FIRE)

NOTES:

[Fire type] is the type of fire and in version 17 of

FAST is limited to:

1

= SPECIFIED FIRE

[Description] is an optional user comment and has no

effect on the program, but serves to clarify the data

file to the user.

LFPOS

INPUT:

LFPOS [Fire position] [Description]

EXAMPLE:

LFPOS" 1 "FIRE POSITION (CENTER)

NOTES:

[Fire position] is the area of the room in which the

fire originates and in version 17 of FAST is limited to

the following:

1 = CENTER OF ROOM

2 = CORNER OF ROOM

3 = ALONG WALL

The fire position is used to account for the entrainment

rate of the plume, which depends on the location of the

plume within the compartment. Fire positions 2 and 3

should only be used when the fire is very close to the

corner or wall respectively.

[Description] is an optional user comment and has no

effect on the program, but serves to clarify the data

file to the user.

12
CHEMI

INPUT:

CHEMI [Fraction of pyrolysis] [Fraction of water]

[Fraction of carbon] [Fraction of hydrogen] [Fraction

of oxygen] [Heat of combustion <kJ/kg)] [Initial fuel

temperature (K)]

EXAMPLE:

CHEM I^ 1 . 0

"

0 . 0 ^" 0 . 0 "

^ 0 . 0 '

' 0 . 0

' 1 8000 ' 300

NOTES:

[Fraction of pyrolysis] is the mass fraction of fuel

which actually burns. The remaining fuel is considered

to be char. For version 17 of FAST, use a value of

1.0, see discussion below.

[Fraction of water] is the mass fraction of water in

the fuel by weight. For version 17 of FAST, use a value of 0.0, see discussion below.

[Fraction of carbon] , [Fraction of hydrogen] , and

[Fraction of oxygen] are the respective mass fractions

of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the fuel by weight.

For version 17 of FAST, use a value of 0.0 for these

inputs, see discussion below.

[Heat of combustion] is the effective net heat of

combustion of the fuel.

[Initial fuel temperature] is the initial temperature

of the fuel and for version 17 of FAST should be the

ambient temperature specified for TAMB.

This input line provides for future capabilities of the

program. For version 17 of FAST a value of 1.0 should

be used for the [Fraction of pyrolysis] and 0.0 should

be used for the [Fraction of water] , [Fraction of

carbon] , [Fraction of hydrogen] and the [Fraction of

oxygen]

13
LFMAX

INPUT:

LFMAX [Number of intervals] [Description!

EXAMPLE:

LFMAX "^"NUMBER OF INTERVALS OF FIRE GROWTH

NOTES:

[Number of intervals] is the number of time intervals

for the mass loss rate, fuel height and species inputs.

The mass loss rate, fuel height and species are entered

as series of points with respect to time. This is

referred to in this document as a specified fire. The

program performs a linear interpolation between these

points to determine the values at all times. A

sufficient number of intervals should be selected to

provide a reasonable approximation (using straight line

segments) for the input variables which specify the

fire. A graphical example of this is shown in Figure

2. The mass loss rates P1-P6 are specified over the

time intervals 11-15. The number of points specified

must be one greater than the number of time intervals.

For example, if there are six mass loss points there

should be a total of five time intervals (or one

interval between every two consecutive points) . The

maximum number of intervals allowed in version 17 of

FAST is 21.

[Description] is an optional user comment and has no

effect on the program, but serves to clarify the data

file to the user.

14
FTIME

INPUT:

FTIME [Time interval (sec)]

EXAMPLE:

FTIME"'60~3CT120''45''60

NOTES:

[Time interval] is the time between each point (mass

loss rate, fuel height and species) specified for the

fire. The total duration of the fire is the sum of the

time intervals which in the example above is 315

seconds. This time is independent of the simulation

time which is specified for TIMES. If the simulation

time is longer than the total duration of the fire, the

final values specified for the fire (mass loss rate,

fuel height and species) will be continued until the

end of the simulation.

The number of time interval values must equal the

number of intervals specified for LFMAX.

FMASS

INPUT:

FMASS [Mass loss rate (kg/s)]

EXAMPLE:

FMASS^CT .01' . 1~ .01~ .01^0

NOTES:

CMass loss rate] is the rate at which fuel is pyrolyzed

at times corresponding to each point of the specified

fire (See Figure 2.).

The number of mass loss rate values must be 1 greater

than the number of intervals specified for LFMAX.

15
FHIGH

INPUT:

FHIGH [Fuel height (m)]

EXAMPLE:

FHIGH‘v O . 5^0 . 5^0 . 5~0 . 4"“0 . 4"“0 .

NOTES:

[Fuel height] is the height of the base of the flames

above the floor of the room of fire origin for each

point of the specified fire.

The number of fuel height values must be 1 greater than

the number of intervals specified for LFMAX.

2.7 Species Production

INPUT:

[Label] [Species (kg/kg)]

EXAMPLE:

CO . 02~ .02"' .02' .02"“ . 02~ .02 “ 0D .02~.02~.02~.02~ .02~ .02

CT 1 . 0

~

1 . 0

~

1 . 0

~

1 . 0

~

1 . 0

~ 1.0

NOTES:

[Species] is an optional input and specifies the mass

production rates of each of the constituents for each

point of the specified fire.

Available

N2---

02 = C02~~ - C0~~~ = HCN~~ = HCL~~ = TUHC~ = H20~~ = 0D = CT~~~ =

[Labels] are as follows:

NITROGEN PRODUCTION RATE

OXYGEN PRODUCTION RATE

CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION RATE

CARBON MONOXIDE PRODUCTION RATE

HYDROGEN CYANIDE PRODUCTION RATE

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE PRODUCTION RATE

TOTAL UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS

WATER PRODUCTION RATE

SMOKE DENSITY (SOOT PRODUCTION)

CONCENTRATION-TIME PRODUCT

Units for [Species] are kilogram of species produced

per kilogram of fuel burned. The input for CT is the

kilograms of "toxic" combustion products produced per

kilogram of fuel burned.

The number of values for each specie must be 1 greater

than the number of intervals specified for LFMAX.

16
2.8 Output File

INPUT:

DUMPR [Dump file]

EXAMPLE:

DUMPR '“FASTI . DAT

NOTES:

[Dump file] specifies the name of the file (up to 17

characters) to which the program outputs for plotting

are written. The dump file is read by the program

FASTPLOT which generates plots of the output.

[Dump file] is an optional input. If omitted, the file

for use by the plotting routine FASTPLOT will not be

generated. A discussion of the program FASTPLOT is

given in reference [1]

17
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE OUTPUT

The output of the FAST program consists of two major parts.

The first is a summary of the input data and the second consists

of the calculated results at the end of each print interval. A

sample of the program output is shown in Appendix B. Due to the

effect of the computer's internal precision on the solution of

the equations, it is expected that the results from other

computers will differ slightly from those found in Appendix B.

The output is labeled and most of it is self explanatory. There

are however, a number of abbreviations used which are explained

in the following sections along with a general description of the

output. The outputs pertaining to each of the compartments are

listed across the page beginning with compartment one in the left

most column and proceeding to the right to the highest number

compartment

3.1 Summary of Input Data

The summary of input data is divided into three sections.

These are geometrical data, thermophysical properties and the

fire specifications.

3.1.1 Geometrical Data

This section lists the run title, the total number of

compartments, the maximum number of openings per pair of

compartments and the width, depth, height, area and volume for

18
each compartment. It also gives the ceiling and floor height

with respect to the reference datum. This is followed by the

connections between the compartments. Each compartment is listed

vertically down the page and horizontally across the page and the

connections between compartments are given at the intersection of

the vertical and horizontal lists. The final compartment in the

horizontal list is the exterior space. The parenthesized numbers

in the vertical compartment list are the number of openings for

each compartment. For example, if the maximum number of openings

between any two compartments is three, there would be three parts

for each compartment in the vertical list. Each part consists of

the following:

1) opening width (BW> (m)

2) height of top of opening above floor (HH) <m>

3) height of bottom of opening above floor <HL> Cm)

4) height of top of opening above reference datum (HHP) (m)

5) height of bottom of opening above reference datum <HLP) (m)

3.1.2 Thermophysical Properties

This section lists the thermophysical properties of the

ceiling, floor, upper and lower walls respectively for each

compartment. Although the thermophysical properties of the upper

and lower walls are the same, they are presented separately to

correspond to the temperature of the upper and lower temperature

19
layers of the compartment. The thermophysical properties are the

thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, thickness and

emissivity

3.1.3 Fire Specifications

This section consists of three parts. The first part lists

the compartment number of the room of fire origin, the time step

used in calculating the results, * how often output is to be

printed, the number of intervals for which the mass loss rate is

specified, the total time over which the results will be printed,

the fire location within the room of origin, and the fire type.

The second part lists the initial fuel temperature, the

ambient air temperature, the ambient sea level reference pressure

and the effective heat of combustion.

The third part lists for each specified point of the fire,

the mass loss rate of the burning fuel, the height of the base of

the fire with respect to the floor, and the fractional production

rates of the species. Also listed is the duration of each time

interval

3.2 Results of Calculations

The final part of the output consists of the calculated

results at the end of each print interval. The first line of the

output is the simulation time. For the sample output in Appendix

20
B, the results have only been included for times 0, 60, and 360

seconds. Following the time are the temperatures of the upper

(U.TEMP) (K) and lower (L.TEMP) <K> layers, the upper layer

volume (U.VOLUM) (m^) and thickness (U. DEPTH) (m) , and the

temperatures of the ceiling (CE.TEMP) (K) , upper (UW.TEMP) <K)

and lower (LW.TEMP) (K) walls, and the floor (FL.TEMP) (K)

Next is the flow rate of combustion products and entrained

air into the upper layer from the plume <EMS> (kg/s>, the

pyrolysis rate of the fuel (EMP) <kg/s>, the enthalpy release

rate of the fire <QF> (kW) , the total radiant heat transfer to

the upper layer <QR> <kW) , the total convective heat transfer

from the surfaces surrounding the layers to the upper and lower

layers respectively (QC) (kW), and the difference between the

current pressure and the initial pressure at the floor (Pres)

(kpa)

The final part of the results consists of the species

concentration for each compartment. The total mass of each

specie in the upper layer is given for each compartment <kg) . Depending on the specie, a concentration (PPM) or opacity (l/M)

is also given. For CT, the concentration-time product, only the

time integrated (from time=0) concentration (mg-min/1) for the

upper layer in each compartment is given. The use of this time

integrated concentration is discussed in reference C5]

21
4. REFERENCES

Cl] Jones, W.W., A Model for the Transport of Fire, Smoke and

Toxic Gases (FAST). Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 84-2934; 1984

September . 65 p

C2] Jones, W.W., A Multicompartment Model for the Spread of Fire,

Smoke and Toxic Gases. Fire Safety Jour. 9: 55-79; 1985.

C3] Gross, D., Data Sources for Parameters used in Predictive

Modeling of Fire Growth and Smoke Spread. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.)

NBSIR 85-3223; 1985 September.

C4] American National Standard Programming Language FORTRAN,

ANSI X3. 9-1978. New York: American National Standards Institute;

1978. 434 p.

C5] Bukowski, R.W., Quantitative Determination of Smoke Toxicity

Hazard - A Practical Approach for Current Use. Proceedings of the

First International Symposium on Fire Safety Sciences.

Gaithersburg, MD; 1985. to be published.

22
0

TJ 0u

+Jc0uu

0)>.

<0

"Oc

(0u

0)aa30u

•H

-p

(0S

a)u

<n

a)p3

cn

23
(s/6>|) 3J.VU SS01 SSVIAI

24

Figure

2.

Example

of

mass

loss

data

for

a

specified

fire
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE INPUT

VERSN 017 BUILDING XYZ

TIMES 360 30 0

NROOM 3

NMXOP 1 TAMB 300

HI /F 0.0 0 .0 0. 0

WIDTH 6.1 4 .6 4. 6

DEPTH 9.1 4 .3 4. 3

HEIGH 3.6 2 .4 2. 4

HVENT 12 1 .1 2. 1 0.0

HVENT 13 1 .1 2. 1 0.0

HVENT 2 4 1 .3 2. 1 0.6

CEILI

COND .00018 .00018 .00018

SPHT .9 .9 .9

DNSTY 790. 790. 790.

THICK .016 .016 .016

EMISS .9 .9 .9

WALLS

COND .00018 .00018 .00018

SPHT .9 .9 .9

DNSTY 790. 790. 790.

THICK .016 .016 .016

EMISS .9 .9 .9

FLOOR

COND .0017 .0017 .0017

SPHT 1.0 1.0 1.0

DNSTY 2200. 2200. 2200.

THICK .15 .15 .15

EMISS .9 .9 .9

LFBO 2 ROOM OF FIRE ORIGIN

LFBT 1 TYPE OF FIRE (SPECIFIED FIRE

LFPOS 1 FIRE POSITION (CENTER)

CHEMI 1.0 0. 0 0.0i 0.0 0.0 18000

LFMAX 5 NUMBER OF INTERVALS OF FIRE GROWTH

FTIME 60 30 120 45 60

FMASS 0 .01 .1 .01 .01 0

FHIGH 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

CO .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02

OD .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02

CT 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

25
APPENDIX B SAMPLE OUTPUT

BUILDING XYZ

TOTAL COMPARTMENTS

MAXIMUM OPENINGS PER PAIR -

FLOOR PLAN

3

1

WIDTH 6.1 4.6 4.6

DEPTH 9.1 4.3 4.3

HEIGHT 3.6 2.4 2.4

AREA 55.5 19.8 19.8

VOLUME 199.8 47.5 47.5

CEILING 3.6 2.4 2.4

FLOOR 0.0 0.0 0.0

CONNECTIONS

1 < 1) BW= 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

HH= 0.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

HL= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

HHP® 0.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

HLP® 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 < 1> BW= 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.3

HH= 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.1

HL= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

HHP® 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.1

HLP® 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

3 ( 1) BW= 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

HH= 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

HL= 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

HHP® 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

HLP® 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

CEILING

COND = 1 .800E-04 1 .800E-04 1 . 800E-04

SPHT = 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

DNSTY= 7 . 900E+02 7 . 900E+02 7 . 900E+02

THICK® 1 .600E-02 1 . 600E-02 1 . 600E-02

EMISS® 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

FLOOR

COND = 1 .700E-03 1 .700E-03 1 . 700E-03

SPHT = l.OOOE+OO l.OOOE+OO l.OOOE+OO

DNSTY® 2.200E+03 2 . 200E+03 2 . 200E+03

THICK® 1 .500E-01 1 .500E-01 1 .500E-01

EMISS® 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

26
UPPER WALL

COND = 1 .800E-04 1 .800E-04 1 .800E-04

SPHT = 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

DNSTY = 7 . 900E+02 7 . 900E+02 7 . 900E+02

THICK= 1 .600E-02 1 .600E-02 1 . 600E-02

EMISS= 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

LOWER WALL

COND = 1 .800E-04 1 . 800E-04 1 .800E-04

SPHT = 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

DNSTY= 7 . 900E+02 7 . 900E+02 7 . 900E+02

THICK= 1 . 600E-02 1 . 600E-02 1 . 600E-02

EMISS= 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01 9 . 000E-01

FIRE ROOM NUMBER IS 2

TIME STEP IS 1.00 SECONDS

PRINT EVERY 60 TIME STEPS

NUMBER OF FIRE INTERVALS = 5

TOTAL TIME INTERVAL = 360

FIRE SOURCE = 1

FIRE TYPE = SPECIFIED

INITIAL FUEL TEMPERATURE <K> = 300.

AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE <K> = 300.

AMBIENT REFERENCE PRESSURE <kPa> = 101. 30

EFFECTIVE HEAT OF COMBUSTION (KJ/KG) = 18000.

FMASS= 0.00 1.00E-02 0.10 1.00E-02 1.00E-02 0.00

FHIGH= 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40

C0 = 2 . 00E-02 2.00E-02 2 . 00E-02 2.00E-02 2.00E-02 2.00E-02

0D = 2.00E-02 2.00E-02 2.00E-02 2.00E-02 2.00E-02 2.00E-02

CT = 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

FTIME= 60. 30. 1.20E+02 45. 60.

27
TIME 0.0 SECONDS

U . TEMP

300.0 300.0 300.0

L.TEMP. 300.0 300.0 300.0

U.VOLUM 0.2 0.0 0.0

U. DEPTH 0.0 0.0 0.0

CE.TEMP 300.0 300.0 300.0

UW.TEMP 300.0 300.0 300.0

LW.TEMP 300.0 300.0 300.0

FL.TEMP 300.0 300.0 300.0

EMS ( I )

0 . OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

EMP < I ) = 0 . OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

QF < I > = 0 . OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

QR < I > = 0 . OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

QC < I > = 0 . OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

Pres (kpa) 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

Upper layer species concentration

CO MASS ! 0.000 0.000 0.000

PPM ! 0.000 0.000 0.000

OD MASS 1 0.000 0.000 0.000

1/M 1 0.000 0.000 0.000

CT mg-m/1 ! 0.000 0.000 0.000

28
TIME 60.0 SECONDS

U.TEMP. 321.7 440.6 300.0

L.TEMP. 300.2 300.8 300.3

U. VOLUM 37.9 15.3 0.0

U. DEPTH 0.7 0.8 0.0

CE.TEMP 301.6 316.4 300.0

UW.TEMP 301.6 316.4 300.0

LW.TEMP 300.1 301.3 300.0

FL. TEMP 300.0 300.2 300.0

EMS < I ) = 0 . OOOE+OO 7 . 910E-01 0 . OOOE+OO

EMP < I ) = 0 . OOOE+OO 1 . 000E-02 0 . OOOE+OO

QF ( I )

0 . OOOE+OO 1 . 800E+02 0 . OOOE+OO

OR ( I )

-1 . 836E+00 -8 . 550E+00 -6 . 990E-03

QC ( I )

-8 . 981E+00 -3 . 598E+01 -9 . 722E-03

-1 . 090E-03 -3 . 904E-03 -3 . 226E-02

Pres (kpa) 2. 190E-01 -5 . 125E-01 -4 . 926E-02

Upper layer species concentration

CO MASS ! 1 . 489E-03 2 . 659E-03 0.000

PPM ! 33.7 205. 0.000

OD MASS ! 1 . 489E-03 2 . 659E-03 0.000

1/M ! 0.137 0.609 0.000

CT mg-m/1 ! 0.811 4.54 0.000

29
TIME 360.0 SECONDS

U.TEMP. 348.4 345.9 338.7

L.TEMP. 302.2 318.8 302.1

U. VOLUM 137.5 17.3 28.0

U. DEPTH 2.5 0.9 1.4

CE.TEMP 320.4 351.6 312.8

UW.TEMP 320.4 351.6 312.8

LW . TEMP 306.2 324.3 303.1

FL. TEMP 301.1 304.5 300.4

EMS ( I )

0 . OOOE+OO 1 . 835E-01 0. OOOE+OO

EMP < I ) = 0 . OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

OF < I ) = 0. OOOE+OO 3. OOOE+OO 0. OOOE+OO

QR < I ) = -5 . 147E+00 -4 . 475E-01 -1.445E+00

QC < I ) = -2 . 018E+01 2. 910E-01 -6 . 271E+00

3 . 123E-01 3 . 596E-01 3 . 589E-02

Pres (kpa) -9. 113E-01 -7 . 843E-01 -6.492E-01

Upper layer species concentration

CO MASS !I 3 . 401E-02 2 . 433E-03 7 . 398E-03

PPM !I 230. 130. 239.

OD MASS ! 3 . 401E-02 2 . 433E-03 7 . 398E-03

1/M : 0.866 0.491 0.924

CT mg-m/1 1 53.8 * in 45.7

30
>C*m NtS-l 14A HfV 1 1 84)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO. NBSIR 8y 3284

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publ ication Date December 1985

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

User's Guide for FAST

5. AUTHOR(S)

William D. Walton, Steven R. Baer, and Walter W. Jones

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see in struction s)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

9.

SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City, State, ZIP)

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

_ Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a si gn i fi cant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

FAST is a multicompartment zone type computer model which predicts the smoke

hazard development in each compartment based on a description of the compartments and the fire. A FORTRAN program has been written for the model. This

user's guide provides a detailed description of the data input requirements

and the output produced by version 17 of the program. Also included are sample program input and output.

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by sem. colons Compartment fires; computer programs; fire growth; manuals; mathematical models; room fires; smoke; toxicity

13. AVAILABILITY '

|_Xj Uni imited

|

| For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

H Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402. rXI Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

33

15. Price

$ 9.95

vKQmm OC l*«00*