I nill II III iliiiii iinii '' PUBLICATIONS REFERENCE

AlllQb 721iai

NBSIR 75-785 |Mp

The Review of Standardization and

IVIeasurement Services at the

Ecuadorian Institute for Standardization

Raul Estrada A.

H. Steffen Reiser

Office of International Relations

National Bureau of Standards

Washington. D. C. 20234

June 27-29. 1974

Prepared for Agency for International Development

Washington, D. C. 20523

Qa

loo

*'75- 765

NBSIR 75-785

THE REVIEW OF STANDARDIZATION AND

MEASUREMENT SERVICES AT THE

ECUADORIAN INSTITUTE FOR STANDARDIZATION

By: Raul Estrada A.

H. Steffen Reiser

Review Team Director:

Raul Estrada A., Instltuto Ecuatoriano de Normal izaci on, Ecuador

Review Team Members:

William Andrus, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

Yardley Beers, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

Orlando Donoso T., Direccion General de Normas y Tecnologia, Bolivia

Benjamin Gutterman, Food and Drug Administration, U.S.A.

B. S. Krishnamacher, Indian Standards Institution and United

Nations Industrial Development Organization, India H. Steffen Reiser, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

Thomas M. Stabler, Institute Ecuatoriano de Normal izacion, Ecuador - (formerly National Bureau of Standards)

Felix von Ranke, Associacao Brasileira de Normas Tecnicas, Brazil

June 27-29, 1974

The review was conducted as a part of the program under the US/NBS/Agency

for International Development, RASA TA (CE) 5-71.

Rrepared for Agency for International Development

Department of State Washington, D. C. 20523

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Rogers C.B. Morton, Secretary

James A. Baker, III, Under Secretary

Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson. Assistartt Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

tabll: of contents

Page

Introduction 1

Part I. Historical Background 2

Part II. NBS Survey and Subsequent Progress 3

Part III. Future Program 8

Part IV. International Review of Current Capabilities and

Programs in Standardization, Metrology, and

Quality Control of the Ecuadorian Institute of

Standardization (INEN) 10

References 14

iii

THE REVIEW OF STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT

SERVICES AT THE ECUADORIAN INSTITUTE FOR STANDARDIZATION

By: Raul Estrada

Director General, Institute Ecuatoriano de Normalizacion

and H. Steffen Peiser

National Bureau of Standards

Introduction

At the invitation of one of the authors (Raul Estrada) , a small

international team of standards and measurements specialists visited

Ecuador on June 27 - 29, 1974, to review the operations of the

Ecuadorian Institute for Standardization, especially in the light of

the recommendations made two years earlier by a Survey of

Standardization and Measurement Services in Ecuador conducted by a team which was organized and sponsored by the U.S. National Bureau of

Standards and the U.S. Agency for International Development [1]. The

present team included:

William Andrus, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

Yardley Beers, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

Orlando Donoso T. , Direccion General de Normas y Tecnologia,

Bolivia

Raul Estrada A., Institute Ecuatoriano de Normalizacion, Ecuador

Benjamin Gutterman, Food and Drug Administration, U.S.A.

B, S. Krishnamacher , Indian Standards Institution, and

United Nations Industrial Development Organization,

India

H. Steffen Peiser, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

Thomas M. Stabler, Institute Ecuatoriano de Normalization,

Ecuador - (formerly National Bureau of Standards)

Felix von Ranke, Associacao Brasileira de Normas Tecnicas,

Brazil

The background document supplied by the principal host. Eng. Raul

Estrada forms Parts I to III of this Report and the statement issued

at the end of the Review is given in Part IV. Financial support of

the Agency for International Development is gratefully acknovrledged.

It was arranged through a wider contract with NBS (PASA contract),

following recommendations of a Seminar on Metrology and

Standardization in Less-Developed Countries 12].

Figures in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of

this report.

1
INEN

Revision to the NBS/AID Survey of April 1972

June 27, 1974

Part I. Historical Background

INEN was established by a Presidential Decree on August 28, 1970, and

it began functioning in December 1970. According to the Decree, INEN was charged with the responsibility of:

a. Preparation of technical standards for raw materials,

intermediate, and finished products, as well as inspection procedures, methods of test, measurement classification and

designation;

b. Issuing of Certificates of Conformity to standards for

products manufactured in the country;

c. Representing the country in the meetings of international

organizations concerned with standardization.

The Weights and Measures Law decreed by the President of Ecuador on January 9, 1974, conferred the following further responsibilities to

INEN:

a. ^^aintenance of the nation's Prototype Standard of Mass;

b. Calibration of Secondary Standards of weight and measure;

c. Inspection and testing of commercial devices and packaged

goods, and granting of type approvals;

d. Conversion to and implantation of the Metric System (SI)

in the country within ten years,

INEN is an organization of the Ecuadorian Government under the

Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Integration, and is fully financed

by the Government, INEN is governed by a Council of Directors and the

General Director is the administrative head. He is presently assisted

by 14 scientific and technical personnel and 22 administrative,

accounting, and other supporting staff.

During the first 18 months, INEN initiated a program of publicity to

explain the advantages of standardization and to enlist the

cooperation of the industry, universities. Government, and other

2
organizations in the country. INEN also formulated Rules of

Procedures and Regulations for its activities. Some technical

committees and sub-committees were also set up for preparation of

standards. In addition, an internal coordinating committee was

established to coordinate and review all the activities of INEN.

During the latter part of 1971, steps were taken for establishing at

INEN a National Metrology Laboratory. Also, a draft law was prepared

for conversion to the SI system of measurement units and for adoption

of unified weights and measures throughout the country. INEN also

organized training courses within the country in the fields of

standardization, quality control, metrology, and industrial safety.

Part II. NBS Survey and Subsequent Progress

During the last week of April 1972, a week-long standardization

workshop was held at the laboratories of the National Bureau of

Standards, Washington, D. C. This workshop was attended by

representatives of Ecuador, Turkey, and Korea. At the conclusion, a team consisting of three NBS experts, two from Korea, and one expert

from Turkey visited Ecuador to conduct a survey of standardization and

weights and measures services needed to support industrial

development. This team spent approximately ten days visiting a number

of industrial units in different fields and also meeting

representatives of important organizations. Government officials, and

directors of technical educational institutions.

The recommendations of the NBS Survey Team are summarized below:

a. The INEN standards program should be expanded to include:

1) legislation that may be needed for carrying out a full

program;

2) voluntary quality marking scheme;

3) metrological service;

4) national center for technical information on standardization;

5) public information on the scope, significance, and

value of standardization;

6) national plan for voluntary standardization and quality

control training;

7) system of accredited test laboratories;

8) active participation in international, regional, and

sub-regional standardization activities.

b. INEN should be adequately financed to carry out its principal

activities.

3
The NBS Team's survey and recommendations were valuable to INEN at a time when it was finalizing its goals and developmental plans. INEN

has followed the NBS Survey recommendations in large part; consequently, there have been many significant developments within the

country and the institution has made several strides. These are outlined in subsequent paragraphs.

Programs and Priorities . One of the first steps taken by INEN was to

review the entire field of activity relating to standardization,

formulate a program for its work, and identify priorities [3]. This

program was circulated widely to the industry and Government

departments and was well received.

Internal Reorganization. In order to effectively deal ^d.th all the

activities envisaged, INEN's structure had to be reorganized, creating

distinct departments to handle individual activities. Accordingly,

INEN now has a Standards Department, a Quality Control Department, a Metrology Department, and departments relating to administration and

finance.

The Standards Department has four divisions, namely Construction,

Mechanical and Metallurgy, Electrical, and Food and Chemical, In time

it is proposed to set up four more divisions to deal with textiles,

petroleum and natural gas, minerals, and transport. The Quality

Control Department is at present concerned with technical assistance

to the industry, quality certification, and establishment of testing

laboratories. The Metrology Department is concerned with primary

standards, reference materials, calibration and testing services, and

type approval. The Finance Department is concerned with all financial

matters and the Administrative Department looks after staff matters

and general services. Publicity, public relations, and general

coordination are handled by a special officer designated as Director

of Coordination, As provided in the Law, a Directorate of Weights and

Measures will be established at INEN to administer the programs of

package control, scale testing, flow meter testing, and type approval.

The Weights and Measures Law also gives INEN responsibility for the

development and monitoring of a National Plan for Conversion to the

SI, A Department for SI Conversion will provide the secretariat for

the principal Coordinating and Sector Committees made up of

Government, industry, commerce, and scientific and technological

experts.

4
iltaff. Tho. -rowth nf the staff working' at: I:je:t s^ncc its inccntion

IS sliOTm in Figure 1.

131

Cc

o

I/I k. a

36

21

14

10

increase

requirement

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

FIGURE 1 pnanco. The finances proviclec' r-vj^ ].y the Gnvernnont, be^innin'> in :)ccenher 1970, are -ivcn in I'if-ure 2.

27.185.910

IT33

CD 3.543.707

3.505.000

1.445.155

1.000.000

600.000

Increase requirement

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974

Figure 2
Printing and Reproduction . One of the major steps taken by INEN

during 1972 and 1973 was the establishment of a modern printing and

reproduction facility, partly with the assistance of USAID. The

present equipment includes: 2 offset printing presses; 1 IBM-72 composer equipped with 2 magnetic recording units; and 1 computerized

composer unit.

Library and Information. INEN is well on the way to building a highly

useful Standards Reference Library and Information Center. Due to

inadequate funding and lack of space, it has not been able to make the

necessary rapid progress. In spite of these restrictions, INEN has

acquired some important reference books and also many ISO and lEC

standards, an extensive set of ASTM standards provided by NBS, besides

a large number of national standards from all Latin American

countries, the United Kingdom, South Africa, the United States, India,

Germany, Israel, Italy, and France. Some microfilm equipment has also

been acquired and additional equipment is still necessary in order to

complete the facility. International assistance is required in the

building of a standards information center, a vital need for INEN and

the country.

S t andard izat ion . The achievements of INEN to date in the preparation

of standards is given in Figure 3.

STATnIDARDS

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Published

Finalized

awaiting

publication

^ In preparation

Construction Food & Chemical

FIGURE 3.
Quality Control and Certification Marking . A scheme for lot

Inspection of materials and products has been finalized and put into

use, A draft scheme for National Certification Marking is currently

under study. Various monographs on Quality Control have been

published for the benefit of industry and educational institutions.

Some pilot projects are being selected for implementing the quality

control systems and also for awarding of the National Certification

Mark.

Metrology . The program for metrology includes the maintenance of

standards and instruments housed in the INEN Metrology Laboratory,

calibration of secondary standards, and testing of field standards

used in the control of commercial weights and measures. The

metrologlsts also provide calibration and testing for Industries and

universities and other professional services such as technical

seminars, laboratory planning, and auditing.

Conversion to SI . The Initial program plan for Conversion to SI has

been completed. The National Advisory Committee has met and nominated

the initial Coordinating and Sector Committees, The committees will,

in turn, identify the priorities and time frame for conversion to SI

for each economic sector over the designated ten-year period.

Weights and Measures . INEN has been given responsibility for implementation of the Weights and Measures Law which includes the

inspection and test of weighing and measuring devices and packages

throughout Ecuador. Also, the Directorate of Weights and Measures has

authority for issuing type approvals for all domestically manufactured

and imported weights and measures equipment. INEN specifications for

weights and measures are adopted from international standards,

including those of OIML, ISO, lEC, and ANSI. Packaging and labeling

requirements closely follow the model regulations of the National

Conference on Weights and Measures. The program of law enforcement

will begin during 1974 and will employ sampling procedures with

principal responsibility for legal compliance resting upon Industry

and commerce. The Directorate has authority to condemn equipment and

commodities and to collect fines where violations occur.

International Cooperation . INEN is participating in the

standardization activities of the Andean Group and also COPANT.

However, the Institute is not able to send representatives to attend

technical committee meetings in view of the lack of funds. It is

hoped that the situation will improve in the years to come. INEN is

at present developing a system by which the national Industry takes

active part in examining the documents emanating from the Andean Group

and COPANT so that realistic national views could be communicated to

the bodies concerned. INEN became a registered member of lEC during

1973, INEN hopes to become a member of ISO and OIIIL during the

7
current year. The Institute is already actively participating in the

Codex Allmentarlus,

Technical Assistance . During the three and a half years of its

existence, INEN has received technical assistance from visiting

experts representing many fields:

OAS Three -documentation library, standardization, and quality control;

USAID Six -standardization (food products, fertilizers), metrology, administration,

organization;

UNIDO Two -standardization, quality control,

certification marking.

Training . INEN has taken advantage of training courses in the fields

of standardization, quality control and metrology in various parts of

the world. So far, seven of their technical officers have received

intensive training in these courses.

Other Activities . The General Director of INEN is actively

participating in a number of national and International conferences.

He has participated in the ITOS workshops on standardization and

quality control, NBS Surveys in Turkey and Korea, and meetings of the

"Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena" and Codex Allmentarlus.

Part III. Future Program

The Increased activity in the Andean Group and the discovery of

petroleum in Ecuador have changed the outlook and plans of the

Government relative to Industry and the economy. In view of this,

INEN also has had to redefine its objectives, programs, plans,

policies, and priorities. Such a task has just been completed and a copy of the revised programs is attached.

At present, the details of these new program plans and their implementation are being worked out. In addition, the normal activities

are being accelerated. One of the urgent tasks presently before INEN

is the immediate establishment of pilot projects in selected

Industries, These shall consist of:

a. Quality control procedures;

b. National Certification Mark of Quality;

c. Company standards departments;

8
d. Verification of quality of products; and

e. Calibration services.

Further, the program for Conversion to SI is just underway in

accordance with the Weights and Measures Law, Also, the Rules and

Regulations (specifications, tolerances, and other technical

requirements for packaging and commercial equipment) for the

supervision of weights and measures are being developed.

Conversion to SI and administration of the Directorate of Weights and

Measures will constitute a principal activity of INEN during the years

to come, INEN is also launching a crash program for the preparation

of a large number of urgently needed National Standards and their

implementation.

It is important that INEN should have its own headquarters building

and also a well equipped laboratory facility for routine testing.

These are essential for the projected expansion of INEN and to enable

the Institute to carry out its obligations effectively. Provisions

have been made in the 197A budget for the acquisition of land upon

v^ich to construct the new laboratories and administrative offices. A

detailed project has also been prepared for UNDP assistance which is

currently under consideration by the Government.

Assistance Required . In the future, INEN will need considerable

financial and technical assistance from other national and

international organizations, particularly in the following fields:

a. Visiting experts to assist in specific projects;

b. Training of technical and administrative personnel;

c. Equipment for testing and calibrations;

d. Standard reference materials;

e. Information services including public relations, reproduction and printing, and library;

f. Financial assistance to permit attendance at meetings

of ISO, lEC, OIML, COPANT, and Codex Alimentarius.

Conclusion . It is hoped that with continued Government support,

cooperation by industry, consumer interest, and assistance from other

national and international organizations, INEN will be able to achieve

its objectives and play its key role in the National Plan for economic

development of Ecuador.

9
Part IV. International Review of Current Capabilities and Programs

in Standardization, Metrology, and Quality Control of the Ecuadorian

Institute of Standardization (INEN)

Sponsored by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards and the U.S. Agency

for International Development by H. S. Peiser, Review Leader

One June 27 and 28, 1974, a group of experts in standardization,

measurement technology, and quality control for manufacturing and

processing industries, visited Quito for a review of the current

capabilities and plans of the Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization

(INEN). Under the directorship of its present General Director, Ing.

Raul Estrada, an international team of experts carried out an extensive survey in 1972 of the available and needed technical

services for the industrial development of Ecuador. The present

review was conducted by the following team which visited Ecuador for

that purpose after the termination of a seminar in La Paz, Bolivia on

a Latin American System of Metrology.

Mr. William E. Andrus

Program Manager of Engineering and Information

Processing Standards

U.S. National Bureau of Standards (U.S.A.)

Dr. Yardley Beers

Senior Research Scientist

Quantum Electronics Division

U.S. National Bureau of Standards (U.S.A.)

Ing. Orlando Donoso T.

General Director of Standards and Technology

Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Bolivia)

Ing. Raul Estrada A.

Director General

Instituto Ecuatoriano de Nonnalizacion (Ecuador)

I^. B. M. Gutterman

Assistant Director for Coordination

Office of Technology

Bureau of Foods

Food and Drug Administration (U.S.A.)

Mr. H. Steffen Peiser

Chief, Office of International Relations

U.S. National Bureau of Standards (U.S.A.)

10
Ing. Felix Von Ranke

General Director

Brazilian Association for Technical Standards (Brazil)

Taking advantage of the presence of two consultants at the Institute

Ecuatoriano de Normalizacion, Engineer Estrada suggested and they agreed

to join the review team. They were:

B, S. Krishnamacher , Indian Standards Institution and United

Nations Industrial Development Organization, India

T. M. Stabler, Institute Ecuatoriano de Normalizacion, Ecuador

formerly Chief, Office of Weights and Measures, National

Bureau of Standards

This team was cordially welcomed at an introductory session by the

Vice-Minister for Commerce, Dr. Eduardo Calderson, and the ViceMinister for Industry, Colonel Richelieu Levoyer, who expressed the

appreciation of Ecuador for what had turned out to be far-sighted

recommendations of the original Survey, and who at the same tine

stressed the even more critical need for an effective program of

action for INEN within the five-year National Program for Development

of Ecuador,

The subsequent meetings were conducted under the chairmanship of the

INEN Director General, Ing. Raul Estrada, supported by the foreign

advisers presently working at INEN, Ing. B. S. Krishnamachar , Deputy

Director of the Indian Standards Institution, and Mr. Thomas M.

Stabler, former Chief of the Office of Weights and Measures of the

U.S. National Bureau of Standards, All the technical staff of INEN

participated in the discussions which were conducted in a spirit of

mutual confidence and friendship.

The foreign experts were greatly impressed with the achievements to

date of INEN and engaged in lively constructive debate on its future.

Some papers were presented by INEN summarizing its present status and

also the General Programs of Action which represent analysis of the

objectives, strategies, fields of activity, flow diagrams, organization and personnel requirements, responsibilities, and scheduling.

The rapid expansion of industry and trade in Ecuador is bringing new

and greatly expanded responsibilities to INEN. The recommendations of

the 1972 Survey, which so far have served INETI, will now need

extensive revisions.

In recognition of this, the new team issued views and recommendations:

11
1. The system of development of Ecuadorian Standards employed by

INEN, in the greatest possible harmony with regional and international

standards, should be regarded as a model for small industrializing

nations. Only minor procedural changes were suggested for

experimental use by INEN,

2. The small but now well equipped metrology laboratory was

judged to be so outstanding that it should be used also by other

Andean Group neighbor countries, especially as a training laboratory.

The international team had high praise for the construction,

management, and appropriateness of this facility for current

Ecuadorian needs in industry and commerce [4].

3. Quality Control (or quality service), coupled with

internationally recognized certification carried out by INEN

accredited test laboratories, was regarded to be of cardinal

Importance to Ecuador, especially for Government purchasing and export

programs. Industry needs innovative advice and standards information.

The team saw a danger in complex regulatory responsibilities which

would bring INEN services under some suspicion in the eyes of users.

4. The usefulness of standard reference materials for

calibrating instruments and chemical analysis is considered to be of

such importance to INEN programs in support of industrial needs, that

INEN should take a leadership position for Ecuador or even for the

Andean Group [5].

5. The laws under which INEN operates were reviewed and found

exemplary. Some detailed suggestions for revisions were made, for

example, the expansion of the membership of the Council of INEN

Directors so that all Ecuadorean Ministries can have direct influence

and access to INEN expertise, especially in the development and

promulgation of standards.

6. The great rate of expansion of the responsibilities of INEN

causes well recognized problems in staffing and office and laboratory

space, as well as in budgeting. Any pressure to expand the fields of

activities at a faster rate than can be achieved with excellence is a threat to the growing credibility and good image of INEN. The

Management Council of INEN and the Director General are fully aware of

the critical importance of achieving the right balance between new and

older programs.

7. INEN is fortunate to have the opportunity of receiving

continued USAID support. Two proposals for planning support of INEN

were received from U.S. contractors. Neither USAID nor the Review

Team favored accepting either proposal as INEN has done its own planning so very well. Further international assistance should bring

12
to IMEN experts in specific fields such as fish products and

inspection of electrical codes for domestic buildings,

8, The responsiveness of INEN programs to the needs and aims of

Andean Integration and to international standards as reasonably

feasible is welcome because it will bring the benefit of appreciable

technology transfer to Ecuadorian industry,

9, The international review team was impressed by the excellence

of the publication and printing programs as well as with the library

facilities of INEN. The team pledged a further supply of needed

standards literature, especially from the U.S. A, The new microfilm

equipment at INEN will prove very useful to Ecuadorian industry. The

Bolivian member of the review team has been invited to stay in Quito a little longer to study the progress made by INEN,

13
REFERENCES

[1] Newman, S.B. and Peiser, H.S. (Editors), A Report

on a Survey In Ecuador on Standardization and

Measurement Services in Support of Industrialization Goals, May 1-12, 1972 (NBS Report 10881).

[a Spanish version is also in existance]

[2] Mason, H.L. and Peiser, H.S, (Editors), Metrology

and Standardization in Less-Developed Countries:

The Role of a National Capability for Industrializing

Economies; Proceedings of a Seminar Held at Airlie House,

Warrenton, Virginia, February 1-4, 1971 (NBS Special

Publication 359), December 1971.

[3] Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalizacion, Programas

Generales de Accion, 1974. [in Spanish]

[4] Stabler, T.M. , National Program of Metrology for Ecuador

(NBS Report NBSIR 73-157), April 1973.

[5] Call, J. P., et al.. The Role of Standard Reference

Materials in Measurement Systems (NBS Monograph

148), January 1975.

USC0MM-NB3-DC 14
NBS-1 14A IREV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. I'llHI.K Al lON OK Rl'l^OKT NO. NBSIR 75-785

2. (;ov't Accession

No.

3, Recipient's Ac cession No.

4. TITI.I-: AND SUBTITIJ';

THE REVIEW OF STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT

SERVICES AT THE ECUADORIAN INSTITUTE FOR STANDARDIZATION

5. Publication Date October . 1975

6. l-'crfoi-ming Organization (-ode

7. AU I"HOR(S)

Raul Estrada and H. Steffen Peiser

8. Performing Organ. Report No. PASA TA (CE) 5-71

9. PKRFORMINC; ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRHSS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and C^omplete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Agency for International Development

Department of State

Washington, D. C. 20523

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRAC^T (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.) An international team of standards and measurement specialists visited the

Ecuadorian Institute for Standardization on June 27-29, 1974, to review the

operations of that organization in light of the recommendations made two years

earlier by a Surveyof Standardization and Measurement Services in Ecuador conducted

by a team which was organized and sponsored by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards

and the U.S. Agency for International Development. The review consists of the

historical background of the Institute, results of the 1972 Survey, and recommendations for future planning.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons

)

AID; development assistance; economics; Ecuador; less developed countries; measurement services; review; standardization; survey.

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