670-Agricultural Burning

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2007 Area Sources Emission Inventory Methodology 

670-AGRICULTURAL BURNING 

I. Purpose 

This document describes the Area Source Methodology used to estimate emissions 

of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulate matter less then 10 

microns (PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and sulfur oxides (SOx), from 

Agricultural Burning - Pruning, Agricultural Burning - Field Crops and Weed 

Abatement in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin. An area source category is a 

collection of similar emission units within a geographic area (ie., a County). An area 

source category collectively represent individual sources that are small and 

numerous, and that may not have been inventoried as specific point, mobile, or 

biogenic sources. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has grouped these 

individual sources with other like sources into area source categories. These source 

categories are grouped in such a way that they can be estimated collectively using 

one methodology. 

II. Applicability 

The emission calculations from this Area Source Methodology apply to agricultural 

burning of waste and debris identified by the following Category of Emission Source 

(CES) codes and Reconciliation Emission Inventory Codes (REIC):

Table 1. Emission inventory codes. 

CES REIC Description 

47241 670-660-0262-0000 Agricultural Burning - Pruning 

47258 670-662-0262-0000 Agricultural Burning -Field Crops 

47266 670-668-0200-0000 Weed Abatement 

San Joaquin Valley

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
670-Agricultural Burning

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Table 2 Emission Inventory Codes (EIC) that reconcile to REIC 

670-660-0262-0000 (Agricultural Burning - Prunings - Agricultural 

Waste). 

CES EIC Description 

670-660-0262-9884 Tree Prunings 

670-660-0262-9856 Grape Vines/Stumps 

670-660-0262-9862 Orchard Removal 

670-660-0262-9874 Raisin Trays 

670-660-0262-9842 Attrition 

670-660-0262-9888 Untreated Grape Stakes 

47241 

670-660-0262-9892 Vineyard Removal 

Table 3 Emission Inventory Codes (EIC) that reconcile to REIC 

670-662-0262-0000 (Agricultural Burning - Field Crops - Agricultural 

Waste). 

CES EIC Description 

670-662-0262-9882 Stubble 

47258 670-662-0262-9878 Rice Stubble 

670-662-0262-9866 Paper Hot Caps 

Table 4 Emission Inventory Codes (EIC) that reconcile to REIC 

670-668-020-0000 (Weed Abatement - Solid Fuel Unspecified). 

CES EIC Description 

670-668-0200-9894 Weed Abatement 

670-668-0200-9872 Ponding/Levee Banks/Ditchbank/Canal 

670-668-0200-9858 Noxious Weeds 47266 

670-668-0200-9886 Tumbleweed 

III. Point Source Reconciliation 

Emissions from the area source inventory and point source inventory are reconciled 

against each other to prevent double counting. This is done using relationships 

created by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) between the area source 

REIC and the point sources’ Standard Industry Classification (SIC) code and 

emissions process Source Category Code (SCC) combinations. The area sources 

in this methodology are not represented within the District’s point source inventory 

so reconciliation is not necessary. 

IV. Methodology Description 

This methodology estimates emissions from the burning of: 

A. Pruning: of almond, apple, apricot, avocado, bush berry, cherry, Christmas 

trees, citrus, date, eucalyptus, fig, grape, kiwi, nectarine, nursery plants, olive, 

pasture or corral trees, peach, pear, pecan, persimmon, pistachio, plum, pluot, 

pomegranate, prune, quince, rose, and walnut. This category also includes 
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vineyard materials, orchard removals, and other agricultural materials such as 

attrition. 

B. Field Crops: including alfalfa, asparagus, barley stubble, beans, corn, cotton, 

flower straw, hay, lemon grass, oat stubble, paper hot caps, pea vines, 

peanuts, rice stubble, safflower, sugar cane, vegetable crops, and wheat 

stubble. 

C. Weeds: including tulles, tumbleweed, grass, thistle, star thistle, dodder weed, 

lemon grass, noxious weeds, and weeds growing along ditch bank and canals, 

berms, and fence rows. 

All open burning, as defined in Rule 4103, requires a valid burn permit and 

authorization for the specific event. The District authorizes burning events based on 

predicted meteorological conditions and whether the total tonnage to be emitted would 

cause a public nuisance, impact smoke sensitive areas, or create or contribute to an 

exceedance of an ambient air quality standard. Activity data for each authorized burn 

events is entered into the District’s Smoke Management System (SMS) database. 

Emissions are calculated by multiplying the activity data by crop specific emission 

factors.

V. Activity Data 

Activity data for agricultural burning was obtained from the San Joaquin Valley 

Unified Air Pollution Control District’s Smoke Management System (SMS). Activity 

data for each burn event includes the following: 

A. ACRES: Acres is defined as the area from which the agricultural waste was 

produced, in acres. For example, if prunings came from 40 acres of orchard, 

40 acres should be entered into the database. The Smoke Management 

System directs the burn permit holder to enter ACRES into the Smoke 

Management System database in this manner. 

B. FUEL LOADING: Fuel loading is a factor that defines the tonnage of burn 

material that is generated from an acre of a particular crop or tons reported in 

the Smoke Management System. 

C. TONS: Tons of burn material is calculated by multiplying ACRES by FUEL 

LOADING. If the burn permit holder reports TONS only, TONS are used to 

calculate emissions. 

VI. Emission Factors 

The Air Resources Board compiled a list of emission factors by crop type based on 

AP-42 values, and from a study conducted by B.M. Jenkins (Gaffney, 2000). Fuel 

loading values from AP-42 (EPA, 1992) are also associated with each emission 
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factor. Some of the factors and values were adjusted as needed by the District to 

better reflect the conditions in the San Joaquin Valley. The emission factors can be 

found in Appendix B. 

VII. Emissions Calculations 

The Smoke Management System allows information regarding a burn to be reported 

in acreage or individual fuel loading capacity if known. On an individual crop type 

basis, Equation A is used when the actual fuel loading is not known. Otherwise, 

Equation B is used. Then, the emissions from each burn are computed, summed 

and totaled by county and year. 

Equation A: 

,2 000 Pounds

1 Ton

x

Ton of Fuel

Pounds of Emissions

Acre

Tons Fuel Emission (tons) = Acreage Burned × ×

Equation B: 

,2 000 Pounds

1Ton

x

Ton of Fuel

Pounds of Emissions Emission (tons) =T ons Fuel Burned ×

Example PM10 Emissions, Burn #1:

Given that 20 acres of nut tree prunings was burned with a fuel loading of 1 ton per 

acre and an emission factor of 7 pounds per ton. 

,2 000 Pounds

1Ton

x

Ton of Fuel

Pounds of Emissions

Acre

Tons Fuel Emission (tons) = Acreage Burned × ×

,2 000 Pounds

1Ton

x

Ton of Fuel

7 Pounds of Emissions

Acre

1Tons Fuel PM10 Emission (tons) = 20 Acreage Burned × ×

PM10 Emission = 0.07 tons

Example PM10 Emissions, Burn #2:

Given that 2.8 tons of nut tree prunings was burned with an emission factor of 7 

pounds per ton. 

,2 000 Pounds

1Ton

x

Ton of Fuel

Pounds of Emissions Emission (tons) =T ons Fuel Burned ×
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,2 000 Pounds

1Ton

x

Ton of Fuel

7 Pounds of Emissions PM10 Emission (tons) = 2.8 Tons Fuel Burned ×

PM10 Emission = 0.0098 tons

VIII. Temporal Variation 

A. Daily

CARB Code 24. 24 hours per day - uniform activity during the day 

B. Weekly

CARB Code 7. 7 days per week - uniform activity every day of the week 

C. Monthly

Monthly temporal variation for agricultural burning was extracted from the San 

Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District’s Smoke Management 

System and is presented in Appendix A. 

IX. Spatial Variation 

Burn locations are defined by street address in the Smoke Management System. 

The street addresses are converted to Latitude and Longitudes, and UTMs. 

X. Growth Factor 

Growth factors are developed by either the District’s Planning Department or CARB 

for each EIC. These factors are used to estimate emissions in future years. The 

growth factors associated with this emissions category may be obtained from the Air 

Quality Analysis Section of the District’s Planning Department. 

XI. Control Level 

Control levels are developed by either the District’s Planning Department or CARB 

for each EIC. Control levels are used to estimate emissions reductions in future 

years due to implementation of District rules. These control levels take into account 

the effect of control technology, compliance and exemptions at full implementation of 

the rules. 

Agricultural burning in the San Joaquin Valley is subject to District Rule 4103 (Open 

Burning). Control measures specified in Rule 4103 are reflected in the reduction in 

amount of material burned. Control levels associated with this emissions category 
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may be obtained from the Air Quality Analysis Section of the District’s Planning 

Department. 

XII. CARB Chemical Speciation 

CARB has developed organic gas profiles in order to calculate reactive organic 

gasses (ROG), volatile organic compounds (VOC) or total organic gas (TOG) given 

any one of the three values. For each speciation profile, the fraction of TOG that is 

ROG and VOC is given. The organic gas profile codes can also be used to lookup 

associated toxics. CARB’s organic gas speciation profile for agricultural burning is 

presented in Table 5. 

CARB has also developed particulate matter speciation profiles in order to calculate 

particulate matter (PM), particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 

microns (PM10) or particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 

microns (PM2.5) given any one of the three values. For each speciation profile, the 

fraction of PM that is PM10 and PM2.5 is given. The particulate matter profile codes 

can also be used to lookup associated toxics. CARB’s particulate matter speciation 

profile for agricultural burning is presented in Table 6. 

Table 6. CARB chemical speciation profile for agricultural burning. 

Fractions Profile Description CARB PM Profile# PM10 PM2.5 

Orchard Prunings Burning 450 0.9814 0.9252 

XIII. Assessment of Methodology 

Emissions calculations are based on amount of material burned. This method is 

deemed to be an accurate method for calculating emissions, provided that the 

characterization of the amount of burn material is accurate. 

XIV. Emissions 

The 2007 area source emissions inventory for agricultural burning can be found in 

Appendix C. Since the District created subcategories for Waste Burning and 

Disposal of Agricultural Burning of Pruning (EIC 670-660-0262-0000), Field Crops 

(EIC 670-662-0262-0000), and of Weed Abatement (EIC 670-668-0200-0000) in 

2006, this inventory is not directly comparable to previously reported inventories. 

Table 5. CARB chemical speciation profile for agricultural burning. 

Fractions Profile Description CARB Organic Gas 

Profile# ROG VOC 

Forest Fires 307 0.5698 0.5698 
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XV. Revision History 

2007. Process rates were updated. 

2006. The methodology was reformatted to the new District standard. Process 

rates were updated. 

2004. This is a new district methodology. 

XVI. Update Schedule 

In an effort to provide inventory information to CARB and other District programs and 

maximize limited resources, the District has developed an update cycle based on 

emissions within the source category as shown in Table 7. 

Table 7. Area source update frequency criteria. 

Total Emissions 

(Tons/Day) 

Update Cycle 

(Years) 

<1 4 

>1 and <= 2.5 3 

>2.5 and <=5 2 

>5 1 

Since emissions for these source categories exceed 5 ton per day, these area 

source estimates will be updated every year.

XVII. References: 

1. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. AP-42 Chapter 2, Section 2.5.2.3: 

Open burning, agricultural waste. 

2. Gaffney, Patrick. 2000. Draft Memorandum to Bill Sandman, Colusa County Air 

Pollution Control District from Patrick Gaffney, Emission Inventory Branch, 

California Air Resources Board dated May 23, 2000. 

3. Jenkins, B., 1996. Atmospheric pollutant emission factors from open burning of 

agricultural and forest biomass by wind tunnel simulations. April 1996, UC Davis. 

Tables 4.1.1 to 4.1.8. 

XVIII. Appendices 

Appendix A: Temporal Variation 

Appendix B: Emission Factors 

Appendix C: 2007 Emissions 

Appendix D: EIC - SMS Crop Code Map 
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Appendix A. Temporal Variation

Table 8. Monthly agricultural burning activity (2007). 

Activity Level by Month (% of annual) Category Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Agricultural Burning - Prunings 670-660-0262-9884 - Tree Prunings 15.7% 15.9% 10.2% 7.8% 7.4% 2.5% 1.6% 1.5% 3.5% 5.2% 9.6% 19.1% 670-660-0262-9856 - Grapes Vines/Stumps 7.9% 31.2% 18.5% 11.5% 4.2% 1.6% 1.8% 2.9% 1.6% 5.5% 2.5% 10.8% 670-660-0262-9862 - Orchard Removal 27.1% 24.2% 19.8% 14.3% 14.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 670-660-0262-9874 - Raisin Trays 0.0% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.3% 59.4% 26.0% 0.9% 0.2% 670-660-0262-9842 - Attrition 8.9% 12.8% 14.1% 8.5% 4.3% 2.3% 2.3% 1.7% 5.7% 12.1% 9.5% 17.8% 670-660-0262-9888 - Untreated Grape Stakes 0.0% 8.3% 55.0% 5.9% 9.0% 3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 18.5% 670-660-0262-9892 - Vineyard Removal 18.2% 21.0% 13.2% 6.0% 5.5% 3.8% 1.1% 0.3% 3.1% 5.9% 4.6% 17.3%Agricultural Burning - Field Crops  670-662-0262-9882 -Stubble 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 670-662-0262-9878 -Rice Stubble 6.0% 0.0% 20.6% 16.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.6% 33.3% 3.5% 670-662-0262-9866 -Paper Hot Caps 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%Weed Abatement  670-668-0200-9894 -Weed Abatement 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 670-668-0200-9872 -Ponding/Levee 

Banks/Ditchbank/Canal 11.5% 15.5% 17.8% 7.0% 6.2% 2.8% 1.6% 2.1% 5.7% 7.8% 4.1% 17.9%

 670-668-0200-9858 -Noxious Weeds 20.9% 1.9% 13.0% 2.5% 3.3% 2.6% 15.3% 13.4% 10.5% 8.8% 3.8% 4.0% 670-668-0200-9886 -Tumble Weed 20.7% 10.5% 11.6% 6.0% 4.5% 2.4% 2.8% 1.2% 4.5% 7.2% 10.9% 17.7%
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Appendix B. Emission Factors 

Table 9. Agricultural burning emission factors. 

Emissions (lb/ton) 

Crop PM10 PM2.5 NOx SO2 VOC CO 

Fuel 

Loading 

Ton/Acre 

Source of Data 

Prunings (EIC 670-660-0262-0000)

Almond 7 6.7 5.9 0.1 5.2 52.2 1 Jenkins (EF) Apple 3.9 3.7 5.2 0.1 2.3 42 2.3 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Apricot 5.9 5.6 5.2 0.1 4.6 49 1.8 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Avocado 20.6 19.4 5.2 0.1 18.5 116 1.5 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Bamboo 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Bushberry 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Cherry 7.9 7.4 5.2 0.1 6 44 1 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Christmas trees 8.67 7.76 4.27 0.14 4.35 64.69 1 Ponderosa Pine, Jenkins; use CARB's (Patrick Gaffney) fuel loading of 1 ton per acre Citrus 5.9 5.6 5.2 0.1 6.8 81 1 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Date palm 9.8 9.3 5.2 0.1 3.8 56 1 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Dried flowers 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Eucalyptus 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Fig 6.9 6.5 5.2 0.1 6 57 2.2 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Flower straw 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Grape 4.9 4.6 5.2 0.1 3.8 51 2.5 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Grape stumps/stakes 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 10 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, 

Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter); Fuel Loading increased to 30 tons per acre based on consultations with compliance 
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Table 9. Agricultural burning emission factors. 

Emissions (lb/ton) 

Crop PM10 PM2.5 NOx SO2 VOC CO 

Fuel 

Loading 

Ton/Acre 

Source of Data 

Kiwi 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Nectarine 3.9 3.7 5.2 0.1 2.3 33 2 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Olive 11.8 11.1 5.2 0.1 10.3 114 1.2 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Orchard removal 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 30 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, 

Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter); Fuel Loading increased to 30 tons per acre based on consultations with compliance 

Other prunings 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Pasture trees 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Peach 5.9 5.6 5.2 0.1 3 42 2.5 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Pear 8.8 8.3 5.2 0.1 5.1 57 2.6 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Pecan 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Persimmon 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Pistachio 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Plum 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune,and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Pluot(plum-apricot) 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 
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Table 9. Agricultural burning emission factors. 

Emissions (lb/ton) 

Crop PM10 PM2.5 NOx SO2 VOC CO 

Fuel 

Loading 

Ton/Acre 

Source of Data 

Pomegranate 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Prune 2.9 2.8 5.2 0.1 4.6 47 1.2 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Quince 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 1.7 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Raisin trays 0.78 0.74 4.27 0.14 4.35 64.69 0.03 PM & loading from UCD/Asbaugh, NOx, etc from Jenkins pine Rose pruning 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Vineyard removal 7.8 7.3 5.2 0.1 6.3 66 15 

Average of Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Bean/Pea, 

Date Palm, Fig, Grape, Nectarine, Olive, Peach, Pear, Prune, and Walnut (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter); Fuel Loading increased to 15 tons per acre based on consultations with compliance 

Walnut 4.2 4 4.5 0.2 4.8 67 1.2 Jenkins (EF) 

Field Crops (EIC 670-662-0262-0000)

Alfalfa 28.5 27.2 4.5 0.6 21.7 119 0.8 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Asparagus 40 39.34 4.49 0.61 66 150 1.5 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Barley 14.3 13.8 5.1 0.1 15 183.7 1.7 Jenkins (EF) Bean/pea 13.7 13 5.2 0.1 14.2 148 2.5 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Corn 11.4 10.9 3.3 0.4 6.6 70.9 4.2 Jenkins (EF) Cotton 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Dried flowers 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Flax 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Flower straw 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Nursery prunings 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 
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Table 9. Agricultural burning emission factors. 

Emissions (lb/ton) 

Crop PM10 PM2.5 NOx SO2 VOC CO 

Fuel 

Loading 

Ton/Acre 

Source of Data 

Oats 20.7 19.7 4.5 0.6 10.3 136 1.6 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Other field crops 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Pea vines 13.7 13 5.2 0.1 14.2 148 2.5 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Peanuts 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Rice 6.3 5.9 5.2 1.1 4.7 57.4 3 Jenkins (EF) Rye 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Safflower 17.7 16.9 4.5 0.6 14.8 144 1.3 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Sorghum 17.7 16.9 4.5 0.6 5.1 77 2.9 AP-42, Jenkins NOx & SO2 Sudan 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Sugar cane 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Vegetable crops 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Wheat 10.6 10.1 4.3 0.9 7.6 123.6 1.9 Jenkins (EF) Wild hay 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 

Weed Abatement (EIC 670-668-0200-0000) 

Berms 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Brush 18 16.25 4 0.35 12.55 133.85 13.1 

Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) and Jenkins fir & pine; Hardy, 1996, NOx & SO2 avg. 

Ditchbank & canal 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Dodder weed 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Fence rows 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 
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Table 9. Agricultural burning emission factors. 

Emissions (lb/ton) 

Crop PM10 PM2.5 NOx SO2 VOC CO 

Fuel 

Loading 

Ton/Acre 

Source of Data 

Grass 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Lemon grass 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Noxious weeds 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Ponding/levee banks 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Star thistle 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Thistle 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Tules 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) Tumbleweed 15.9 15.18 4.49 0.61 10.73 113.95 2.175 Average of Alfalfa, Barley, Corn, Oats, Rice, Dafflower, Sorghum, and Wheat (as of 9/12/00, Patrick Gaffney's letter) 
670-Agricultural Burning

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Appendix C. 2007 Emissions 

Table 10. Total emissions for Agricultural Burning - Pruning (2007). 

Emissions (tons/year)

County 

Process 

Rate 

(Tons) NOx SOx CO PM10 VOC(1)

670-660-0262-9884 - Tree Prunings 

Fresno 10,872 31.46 0.64 288.61 36.90 27.96

Kern 6,436 18.83 0.36 169.77 22.23 16.73

Kings 1,971 4.88 0.16 61.22 5.02 4.84

Madera 5,337 15.53 0.31 141.36 18.42 13.98

Merced 15,981 46.00 0.97 429.70 53.67 41.33

San Joaquin 20,086 52.75 1.51 585.89 56.59 49.18

Stanislaus 21,085 58.80 1.42 586.47 66.68 53.65

Tulare 5,705 14.39 0.45 175.20 15.47 14.28

Total 87,473 242.65 5.82 2438.21 274.98 221.96

670-660-0262-9856 - Grape Vines/Stumps 

Fresno 21,745 56.54 1.10 554.52 53.28 41.34

Kern 3,744 9.73 0.19 95.46 9.17 7.12

Kings 85 0.22 0.00 2.17 0.21 0.16

Madera 6,496 16.89 0.33 165.64 15.92 12.35

Merced 315 0.82 0.02 8.02 0.77 0.60

San Joaquin 3,299 8.58 0.17 84.13 8.08 6.27

Stanislaus 351 0.91 0.02 8.95 0.86 0.67

Tulare 1,728 4.49 0.09 44.07 4.23 3.29

Total 37,762 98.18 1.90 962.96 92.53 71.79

670-660-0262-9862 - Orchard Removal 

Fresno 42,364 110.15 2.12 1,398.01 165.22 133.45

Kern 4,198 10.91 0.21 138.53 16.37 13.22

Kings 9,334 24.27 0.47 308.02 36.40 29.40

Madera 11,474 29.83 0.57 378.64 44.75 36.14

Merced 10,016 26.04 0.50 330.53 39.06 31.55

San Joaquin 4351 11.31 0.22 143.58 16.97 13.71

Stanislaus 13,071 33.98 0.65 431.34 50.98 41.17

Tulare 41,018 106.65 2.05 1353.59 159.97 129.21

Total 135,826 353.15 6.79 4,482.26 529.72 427.85
670-Agricultural Burning

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Emissions (tons/year)

County 

Process 

Rate 

(Tons) NOx SOx CO PM10 VOC(1)

670-660-0262-9874 - Raisin Trays 

Fresno 841 1.79 0.01 27.23 0.31 1.86

Kern 63 0.13 0.00 2.03 0.02 0.14

Kings 13 0.03 0.00 0.41 0.01 0.03

Madera 106 0.23 0.00 3.42 0.04 0.23

Merced 0 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

San Joaquin 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Stanislaus 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tulare 53 0.11 0.00 1.70 0.02 0.12

Total 1,075 2.29 0.01 34.81 0.39 2.38

670-660-0262-9842 - Attrition 

Fresno 2,744 5.88 0.13 60.42 6.66 5.23

Kern 474 1.06 0.02 13.59 1.40 1.25

Kings 382 0.88 0.02 9.02 1.16 0.81

Madera 332 0.82 0.02 10.59 1.20 1.00

Merced 937 2.02 0.04 20.73 2.28 1.92

San Joaquin 1,483 3.81 0.09 33.31 5.76 4.32

Stanislaus 905 1.88 0.04 16.25 2.22 1.38

Tulare 2,753 6.19 0.15 80.55 8.32 7.26

Total 10,011 22.55 0.51 244.45 28.99 23.16

670-660-0262-9888 - Untreated Grape Stakes 

Fresno 495 4.00 0.08 50.75 6.00 4.85

Kern 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kings 5 0.03 0.00 0.40 0.05 0.04

Madera 18 0.05 0.00 0.59 0.07 0.06

Merced 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

San Joaquin 4 0.03 0.00 0.36 0.04 0.03

Stanislaus 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tulare 126 1.09 0.02 13.86 1.64 1.32

Total 648 5.2 0.1 66.0 7.8 6.3

670-660-0262-9892 - Vineyard Removal 

Fresno 94,653 246.10 4.74 3,123.55 369.15 298.17

Kern 23,958 62.29 1.20 790.61 93.44 75.47

Kings 4,395 11.43 0.22 145.04 17.14 13.84

Madera 51,999 135.20 2.60 1,715.97 202.80 163.80

Merced 6,349 16.51 0.32 209.52 24.76 20.00

San Joaquin 16,035 41.69 0.80 529.16 62.54 50.51

Stanislaus 4,922 12.80 0.25 162.43 19.20 15.51

Tulare 46,093 119.84 2.31 1,521.07 179.76 145.20

Total 248,404 645.85 12.44 8,197.33 968.78 782.49

GRAND TOTAL 521,198 1,369.87 27.57 16,426.02 1,903.19 1,535.93
670-Agricultural Burning

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Table 11. Total emissions for Agricultural Burning - Field Crops (2007). 

Emissions (tons/year)

County 

Process 

Rate 

(Tons) NOx SOx CO PM10 VOC(1)

670-662-0262-9882 - Stubble

Fresno 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kern 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kings 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Madera 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Merced 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

San Joaquin 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Stanislaus 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tulare 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

670-662-0262-9878 - Rice Stubble 

Fresno 2,076 5.40 1.14 59.58 6.54 4.88

Kern 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kings 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Madera 165 0.43 0.09 4.74 0.52 0.39

Merced 873 2.27 0.48 25.06 2.75 2.05

San Joaquin 3,099 8.06 1.71 88.94 9.76 7.28

Stanislaus 2,262 5.88 1.24 64.92 7.13 5.32

Tulare 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 8,475 22.04 4.66 243.23 26.70 19.92

670-662-0262-9866 - Paper Hot Caps 

Fresno 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kern 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kings 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Madera 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Merced 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

San Joaquin 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Stanislaus 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tulare 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

GRAND TOTAL 8,475 22.04 4.66 243.23 26.70 19.92
670-Agricultural Burning

Page 17 of 21 Rev date: 9 June 2008 

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Table 12. Total emissions for Agricultural Burning - Weed Abatement (2007). 

Emissions (tons/year)

County 

Process 

Rate 

(Tons) NOx SOx CO PM10 VOC(1)

670-668-0200-9894 - Weed Abatement 

Fresno 210 0.55 0.01 6.93 0.82 0.66

Kern 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kings 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Madera 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Merced 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

San Joaquin 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Stanislaus 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tulare 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 210 0.55 0.01 6.93 0.82 0.66

670-668-0200-9872 - Ponding/Levee Banks/Ditchbank/Canal 

Fresno 1,139 2.56 0.35 64.86 9.05 6.11

Kern 1,095 2.46 0.34 62.37 8.71 5.87

Kings 1,009 2.27 0.31 57.47 8.02 5.42

Madera 442 0.99 0.14 25.20 3.52 2.37

Merced 1,985 4.46 0.61 113.08 15.79 10.65

San Joaquin 1,245 2.80 0.38 70.95 9.90 6.68

Stanislaus 802 1.80 0.25 45.69 6.38 4.30

Tulare 427 0.96 0.13 24.34 3.40 2.29

Total 8,144 18.29 2.50 463.97 64.77 43.70

670-668-0200-9858 - Noxious Weeds 

Fresno 266 0.60 0.08 15.17 2.12 1.43

Kern 98 0.22 0.03 5.57 0.78 0.52

Kings 501 1.12 0.15 28.54 3.98 2.69

Madera 3 0.01 0.00 0.17 0.02 0.02

Merced 127 0.29 0.04 7.26 1.01 0.68

San Joaquin 203 0.45 0.06 11.48 1.60 1.08

Stanislaus 63 0.14 0.02 3.57 0.50 0.34

Tulare 92 0.21 0.03 5.25 0.73 0.49

Total 1,352 3.03 0.41 77.02 10.75 7.26
670-Agricultural Burning

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Process Emissions (tons/year)

Rate 

(Tons) NOx SOx CO PM10 VOC(1)

670-668-0200-9886 - Tumbleweeds 

Fresno 2,192 4.92 0.67 124.86 17.43 11.76

Kern 3,438 7.72 1.05 195.92 27.35 18.45

Kings 694 1.56 0.21 39.55 5.52 3.73

Madera 360 0.81 0.11 20.51 2.86 1.93

Merced 2,271 5.10 0.69 129.41 18.06 12.19

San Joaquin 520 1.17 0.16 29.60 4.13 2.79

Stanislaus 191 0.43 0.06 10.88 1.52 1.03

Tulare 570 1.28 0.17 32.50 4.54 3.06

Total 10,237 22.99 3.14 583.23 81.41 54.93

GRAND TOTAL 19,942 44.86 6.06 1,131.15 157.75 106.55

(1) The District only reports ROG to CARB. As noted in Section XII, ROG is the same as VOC.
670-Agricultural Burning

Page 19 of 21 Rev date: 9 June 2008 

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Table 13. Net emissions change for agricultural burning (2007-2006). 

Emissions (tons/year) County NOx SOx CO PM10 VOC(1)

Agricultural Burning – Pruning - 670-660-2162-000 

Fresno -57.35 -1.10 -640.73 -75.93 -59.63

Kern -12.19 -0.20 -123.26 -15.25 -11.62

Kings -40.57 -0.82 -517.93 -59.89 -48.86

Madera 28.45 0.55 388.64 45.74 37.08

Merced -42.59 -0.82 -514.39 -61.76 -49.41

San Joaquin 8.24 0.15 110.45 12.96 10.52

Stanislaus -25.93 -0.51 -333.91 -39.02 -31.80

Tulare -143.29 -2.82 -1,804.06 -210.29 -170.67

TOTAL -285.23 -5.57 -3,435.19 -403.44 -324.39

Agricultural Burning – Field Crops – 670-662-262-000 

Fresno -2.36 -0.47 -37.38 -6.75 -9.11

Kern 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Kings 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Madera 0.43 0.09 4.74 0.52 0.39

Merced -2.80 -0.59 -30.91 -3.39 -2.53

San Joaquin 3.24 0.71 28.27 1.34 -1.72

Stanislaus 3.95 0.83 43.57 4.79 3.57

Tulare 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

TOTAL 2.46 0.57 8.29 -3.49 -9.40

Weed Abatement – 670-668-200-000 

Fresno -1.18 -0.24 -36.13 -5.21 -3.39

Kern -1.24 -0.19 -31.38 -4.42 -2.96

Kings -0.34 -0.01 -7.09 -1.02 -0.67

Madera -0.33 -0.09 -8.26 -1.16 -0.78

Merced -1.12 -0.19 -27.12 -3.75 -2.58

San Joaquin 0.73 0.10 18.95 2.61 1.78

Stanislaus -0.16 -0.04 -4.90 -0.69 -0.46

Tulare 0.84 0.01 8.56 1.23 0.81

TOTAL -2.80 -0.65 -87.37 -12.41 -8.25

GRAND TOTAL -285.57 -5.65 -3,514.27 -419.34 -342.04

(1) The District only reports ROG to CARB. As noted in Section XII, ROG 

is the same as VOC. 
670-Agricultural Burning

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Appendix D. EIC - SMS Crop Code Map 

Table 14. EIC SMS crop code map. 

EIC SMS Crop 

Code Crop Name 

101 Almond Pruning 

102 Apple Pruning 

103 Apricot Pruning 

104 Avocado Pruning 

105 Bushberry 

106 Cherry Pruning 

107 Citrus Pruning 

108 Date Pruning 

109 Fig Pruning 

111 Kiwi Pruning 

112 Nectarine Pruning 

113 Olive Pruning 

115 Peach Pruning 

116 Pear Pruning 

117 Pecan Pruning 

118 Persimmon Pruning 

119 Pistachio Pruning 

120 Plum Pruning 

121 Pomegranate Pruning 

122 Prune Pruning 

123 Quince 

125 Walnut Pruning 

126 Other Prunings 

127 Palm Trees 

128 Chestnut Pruning 

129 Pluot Pruning 

131 Jujube 

602 Christmas Trees 

607 Pasture 

608 Eucalyptus 

611 Rose Pruning 

612 Nursery Prunings 

710 Pasture/Corral Trees 

670-660-0262-9884 

720 Bamboo 

670-660-0262-9856 110 Grape Vines/Stumps 

670-660-0262-9862 114 Orchard Removal 

670-660-0262-9874 124 Raisin Trays 
670-Agricultural Burning

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EIC SMS Crop 

Code 

Crop Name 

153 Apricot Attrition 

154 Avocado Attrition 

155 Bushberry Attrition 

156 Cherry Attrition 

157 Citrus Attrition 

161 Kiwi Attrition 

162 Nectarine Attrition 

163 Olive Attrition 

164 Peach Attrition 

166 Persimmon Attrition 

170 Plum Attrition 

171 Pomegranate Attrition 

172 Prune Attrition 

179 Pluot Attrition 

180 Eucalyptus Attrition 

181 Nursery Attrition 

670-660-0262-9842 

182 Pistachio Attrition 

670-660-0262-9888 603 Untreated Grape Stakes 

614 Vineyard Removal 

241 Alfalfa 

242 Barley Stubble 

243 Bean 

244 Corn 

247 Asparagus 

248 Oat Stubble 

254 Wheat Stubble 

670-660-0262-9892 

259 Hay 

670-662-0262-9878 250 Rice Stubble 

670-662-0262-9866 261 Paper Hot Caps 

361 Brush 

471 Slash 

584 Grass 

585 Fence Rows 

670-668-0200-9894 

601 Berms 

581 Ditchbank & Canal 670-668-0200-9872 606 Ponding/Levee Banks 

582 Noxious Weeds 

586 Bermuda Grass 

587 Star Thistle 670-668-0200-9858 

604 Dodder Weed 

670-668-0200-9886 583 Tumbleweed