# TO: Brian D’Amico, USEPA/OW/EAD

FROM: Cortney Itle and Mary Willett, ERG

DATE: June 15, 2011

SUBJECT: ADF Collection and Control Efficiency Review

Introduction

For the Airport Deicing Category E ffluent Limitations Guidelines a nd Standards, EPA tasked ERG to

perform a review of airp ort collection and c ontrol technologies for deic ing stormwater and airport

discharge status. Collection and c ontrol of deicing laden discharges is the primary purpose of most

airport deicing control programs. Th e objective of a collection system is to collect spent ADF that could

adversely effect the environment and then cont rol that spent material s through treatment. ERG

performed a review of co llection and control technol ogies, as well as discharge status of surveyed

airports to estimate the amount of available aircraft deicing and anti-ici ng fluid (ADF) discharged to

surface waters. The purpose of this memorandum is to document the results of these reviews.

Description of ADF Collectio n Technology Efficiencies

EPA focused on three common collec tion technologies to estimate th e percent of ADF collection and

control performed by U.S. airports surveyed by EPA.

Deicing Pad Collection

A centralized deicing pad is a facility on an airfield built specifically for aircraft deicing operations. It is

typically a paved area adjacent to a gate area, ta xiway, or runway, and constructed with a drainage

system separate from the airport's main storm drain system. It is usually cons tructed of concrete with

sealed joints to preven t the loss of sprayed ADF through the jo ints. The pad's collection system is

typically connected to a stormwater st orage facility, from which it may be sent to an on-site or off-site

treatment facility.

EPA reviewed data on the performan ce of centralized deicing pads fr om a number of larger airports

across the United States and Europe including; DEN, DAY, PHL, CV G, DTW, PIT and Oslo. These

airports reported a collection range from 42-90 percent of their spent and/or applied ADF. Additionally,

the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Airpor t Cooperative Research Program Report No. 14,

detailed airport collection effici encies ranging from 44 to 86 per cent of applied glycol (TRB Air

Cooperative Research Program, 2009). EPA review ed the airport-specific ADF usage data and

# Memorandum

June 15, 2011

Page 2 of 18

determined that the collection of 42 to 90 percent of spent and/or applied ADF is equivalent to 61 to 90

percent of available ADF. 1



# For the proposed rule, EPA estimated the collection effi ciency of deicing pads to be 60 percent. Based

on the new analysis, this estimate represents the lowe r range of collection effi ciency. As a result, EPA

estimates deicing pads will collect at least 60 percent of the available ADF.

Plug and Pump Collection with Glycol Collection Vehicle (GCV) Use

Plug and pump collection systems are generally comp rised of devices and equipment that alter an

airport’s existing storm drain system to contain and collect ADF-contam inated stormwater preventing it

from entering the storm drain system. These system s include, but are not limited to, temporary blocking

devises at storm drain inlets, and/ or installation of shut off valves in the storm sewer system. Some

airports use storm drain inserts or plugs to cl ose the drains and allo w the collection of ADFcontaminated stormwater within the existing airpor t stormwater drainage sy stem. When aircraft are

undergoing deicing/anti-icing, the inserts are installe d to force contaminated stormwater to pool in

drainage piping until the stormwat er can be vacuumed or pumped out . This practice prevents manholes

and stormwater piping from overflowing. Once deicin g/anti-icing activity ends and the contaminated

stormwater is removed, the storm drain inserts can be removed, or deactivated allowing uncontaminated

stormwater to pass through the drain.

Plug-and-pump collection systems are applicable to airpor ts that deice at the gate and may be utilized to

convert ramp areas (cargo, feeder, ta xiway etc.) into deicing areas. One be nefit of deicing at the gate is

that it allows the components of th e existing collection system infrastr ucture (i.e. existing storm sewers)

to be incorporated into the plug- and-pump collection system and can reduce the costs associated with

deicing control. Commonly, a plug a nd pump system is operated in co njunction with GCVs or a tanker

truck with pumps which collect the deicing stormwat er that builds up behind the drainage block during

the deicing event. Additionally, GCVs may be used out side of the blocked area in order to collect ADF

contaminated stormwater to enhance what can be collected through th e plugging operation alone.

EPA reviewed performance data from General M itchell International (MKE) because its collection

system matches the plug and pump with GCV collect ion system EPA costed for this rule. MKE

reported a collection range between 22.5 and 33 percent of applied ADF. Additionally, the

Transportation Research Board (TRB) Airport Cooperative Research Program Report No. 14, Deicing

Planning Guidelines and Practices for Stormwater Management Systems reported collection efficiencies

between 20 to 35 percent of applied ADF for plug and pump systems (TRB Air Cooperative Research

Program, 2009). EPA reviewed the airport-specific ADF usage data and determined that the collection

of applied ADF at MKE is equi valent to 33 to 48 percent of available ADF. 2



# For the proposed rule, EPA estimated plug and pump with GCV would collect 40 percent of available

ADF. When adjusted for rounding, the mean of the data above is approximately 40 percent. As such,

EPA has determined that a well operated plug and pu mp system (in conjunction with GCVs) should be

able to collect, at a minimum, 40 percent of the available ADF.

1 

# See February 2011 Memorandum entitled, Centra lized Deicing Pad ADF Collection Efficiency.

2 

# See June 2011 Memorandum entitled, Glycol Collection Vehicle and Plug and Pump Collection Efficiency.

# Memorandum

June 15, 2011

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GCV Collection

GCVs are specially designed vehicles that remove stormwater contamin ated with deicing materials from

airport deicing pads and gate lo cations by vacuuming liquid from pavement surfaces. GCVs help

prevent ADF losses (that occur throu gh evaporation and/or direct discha rge) and allow for collection of

ADF-contaminated stormwater for treatment or disposal. Drain covers that bond to surfaces to quickly

seal off drains are often used in conjunction wi th GCVs in the area where airc raft are deiced to allow the

GCVs to collect high concen tration spent deicing fluid.

There are two basic design approaches in commercial GCVs: truck chassis or trailer mounted. The truck

chassis designs are adaptations of the street swee per concept, with a vacuum unit, vacuum/sweeper

head, and storage tank all mounted on a single self-p ropelled vehicle. Typical ly, a separate engine

powers the vacuum system. Trailer-mounted designs ha ve the vacuum unit, collection head, and storage

tank on a towed platform with power provided by either an engine mo unted on the trailer chassis or a

power take-off from the tow vehi cle, typically a tractor. GCVs help prevent ADF-contaminated

stormwater from reaching unpaved areas where infiltration could occur and from contaminating

surrounding waterways. Once ADF-contamin ated wastewater is vacuumed from airport surfaces, it is

typically transported to an on-site storage facility (either temporary or permanent) where the airport can

then treat and discharge, or ship the waste offsite. In addition, some airports with collection and

conveyance systems or plug and pump, will have a de signated area where the GCV can discharge into

the collection system, allowing the existing infrastruc ture to convey the materi al to final storage.

EPA did not identify nor did commenters provide co llection efficiency data on GCVs alone. The Gerald

R. Ford International (GRR) air port (Grand Rapids, MI) system, which uses tw o tow-behind glycol

collection units in conjunction wi th catch basin inserts to collect aircraft deicing contaminated

stormwater around the terminal gates and ap ron, reported collecting 29 percent of all applied glycol

during the 2005/2006 deicing s eason which represents about 44 percent of all available ADF. Mass

balance data on glycol usage and collection at The odore Francis Green State (P VD) airport (Providence,

RI) between 2002 and 2006 indicate that its GCV based system a nnually collects between 26 and 48

percent of all applied glycol which represents 38 to 71 percent of all available ADF. Overall, collection

efficiencies of applied glycol fr om these airports ranged from 26 to 48 percent, although these systems

also used some combination of catch basin insert s, plug and pump technology, and/or apron systems.

EPA’s data points are similar to those summarized in the Transportation Res earch Board (TRB) Airport

Cooperative Research Program Report No. 14, Deicing Planning Guidelines and Practices for

Stormwater Management Systems. That report reported co llection efficiencies be tween 23 to 48 percent

for glycol collection vehicles (TRB Airport C ooperative Research Program, 2009) although these

systems, like those EPA referenced, also used some combination of catch basi n inserts, plug and pump

technology, and/or apron systems.

The ranges presented in the literature provide higher collection efficiencies than those associated with a

plug and pump system, however, all of these data point s include technologies th at would result in higher

collection efficiencies than a GCV alone. While EP A is unable to document the efficiency of a GCV

alone, it stands to reason that the collection efficiency of a GCV alone would be less than that of a plug

and pump with a GCV. On a national basis, EPA assu mes that a GCV is able to achieve approximately

half the collection of a plug and pump with a GCV or 20 percent of the available ADF.

# Memorandum

June 15, 2011

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Description of Airport-by-Airport Review for Baseline Percent Collection/Control

ERG performed a technical review of each airport questionnaire to determine the appropriate percent

collection and control of ADF stor mwaters representing baseline condit ions. In general, baseline was

based on the airport’s deicing and associated co llection operations as of the 2004/2005 deicing season

and any exceptions are noted. Engine ering judgment was used to evaluate if the technologies reported in

use were being used effectively, as well as determ ining equivalency of ADF collection activities. ERG

used the information provided by the facility, such as collection techno logies used, discharge diagrams,

facility comments, and discharge status, to make the determination of perc ent collection/control.

EPA also performed several site visit and sampli ng episodes at airports to determine treatment

effectiveness. During these episodes, EPA collected data, where available, on deicing stormwater

collection and control efficiencies. Where such data were available, ERG used the data provided by the

airport to assess percent collection/control.

Table 1 presents data reported by airports (as pa rt of the questionnaire a nd/or site visit/sampling

program) as the percentage of ADF collected based on the amount of ADF applied . For these facilities,

ERG calculated the ADF available for discharge using an estimate of the percent of Type I and Type IV

ADF that remains on the aircraft or is lost to ev aporation, tracking, wind losse s etc. after application.

The estimate assumes that 75 percent of Type I ADF a pplied is available for di scharge after application,

and that 10 percent of Type IV ADF applied is available for discharg e after applicati on. An example of

this calculation is shown in Table 2.

Table 1. Percent Collection and Control of Applied ADF

Airport ID Airport Name Percent

Collection and Control

Based on Applied ADF

1028 Denver Intl (DIA) 68

1065 Albany International (ALB) 69.4

1113 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International (CVG) 60

1136 General Mitchell International (MKE) 30

1139 Philadelphia Intl (PHL) 85

# Memorandum

June 15, 2011

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Table 2. Example Calculation

Constants

Percent of Type I available = 75

Percent of Type IV available = 10

Calculations

Total amount applied = Type I + Type IV

Total amount available = (Type I × Percent of Type I Available) +

(Type IV × Percent of Type IV available)

Amount Collected and Controlled = Total Amount Applied × Percent Collection and Control of Available

Percent of available = Amount Collected and Controlled ÷ Total Amount Available

Example – MKE (1136)

Assume Type I Usage = 90 gallons

Assume Type IV Usage = 10 gallons

Total Amount Applied = 90 + 10 = 100 gallons

Total Amount Available = (90 × 0.75) + (10 × 0.1) = 68.5 gallons

MKE Percent of Applied Collected

and Controlled = 30

Percent of Available = (100 × 0.30) ÷ 68.5

Percent of Available = 44



# Airport Discharge Status Review

EPA reviewed airport questionnaire responses to assess the discharge status of deicing stormwaters.

Facilities that reported no direct discharge were reviewed to dete rmine if deicing stormwater could

actually be reaching surface waters. In instances wher e a facility had at least one snow or freezing

precipitation (SOFP) day, did not report zero discharge, and were located within the catchment area of a

surface water body, it was assumed that uncollected deic ing stormwater would eventually discharge to

the surface water. Facilities that indicated they had no direct discha rge and were determined to have zero

SOFP days were assumed to have 100 percent collection an d control of ADF.

Facilities reporting zero disc harge were reviewed to determine if all of the airport questionnaire data

supported the zero discharge claims. F acilities that were ab le to demonstrate that they diverted and

collected all available deicing fluid with treatment and/or discharge to a POTW or contract hauling were

determined to be zero discharge facilities for purposes of this analysis. While these facilities are assessed

as achieving >60 percent collection a nd control efficiency, it is unlikely that these airports are truly zero

discharge, as the nature of deicing including overspray, tracki ng and dripping, during taxiing and

takeoff, are difficult if not impossible to track and/or collect and will likely result in direct discharges,

albeit potentially small ones.

Airport-by-Airport Assessment Results

Table 3 presents the results of ERG’s airport-by-airpor t assessment for ADF collection and control.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 6 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1001 Montgomery Rgnl(Dannelly Field)0 Surface Drainage system None Allstormwater is direct discharged.1002 Bert Mooney >60 Zero Discharge Vegetated drainage swale todetention basinZero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1003 Ketchikan Intl Airport did not respond toquestionnaire.1004 Norfolk Intl 20 Surface GCVs GCV Collected high strength deicingstormwater is hauled offsite1005 Roberts Field >60 Zero Discharge Drainage to surfaceimpoundmentZero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates..1006 Chicago O'Hare Intl 40 POTW andSurface All deicing drainage toPOTWPlug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1007 Yeager 40 POTW and Surface Deicing drainage at gates,deicing pads and otherlocations diverted todetention basinPlug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1008 Tucson Intl 20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1009 Cold Bay 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is stored onsite andeither direct discharged or evaporates.1010 Fairbanks Intl 60 POTW and Surface Drainage system Deicing Pads Airport converted to deicing pad use in2005/2006 season. Collected deicingstormwater and snow melt is sent toPOTW.1011 Lambert-St Louis Intl 60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1012 Ted StevensAnchorage Intl40 POTW and Surface GCV + Plug and Pump Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is discharged to POTW.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 7 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1013 Wiley Post-WillRogers Mem0 No Discharge None None The airport reported that they do notdirect discharge since deicingstormwater is frozen all winter and anyADF that remains melts off in thespring and infiltrates. However, nocollection or controls are in place andADF could be reaching surface water.1014 Albuquerque IntlSunport20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Collected high strength deicingstormwater is discharged to POTW.1015 Gulfport-Biloxi Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Minimal deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.If any remains, itis absorbed and disposed.1016 Tri-State/Milton J.Ferguson Field0 Surface GCVs to deicingstormwater tank which isdischarged to the airport’soutfallNone All stormwater is direct discharged.1017 Austin StraubelInternational40 POTW and Surface Drainage system Plugand Pump Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1018 Piedmont TriadInternational0 Surface Drainage system None Allstormwater is direct discharged.1019 Ontario Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1020 Hartsfield - JacksonAtlanta Intl60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW1021 Buffalo Niagara Intl 40 POTW and Surface GCV + Plug and Pump Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite and thendischarged to POTW.1022 Fort WayneInternational0 Surface GCVs None GCV useat cargo apron area only. NoGCV use at gate deicing area.Collected deicing stormwater isrecycled offsite.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 8 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1023 Seattle-Tacoma Intl 60 Surface Some stormwater drainage,pond collectionDeicing Pads plustreatmenttechnologiesThe airport post-questionnaire hasinstalled deicing pads and ADFcontaminated stormwater goes to theairport’s Industrial Waste TreatmentPlant. The airport has installed a newsystem to monitor the effluent from theplant; high BOD stormwater is sent to aPOTW and low BOD stormwater issent to direct discharge.1024 Indianapolis Intl 40 POTW and Surface Deicing at gates, deicingpads and other locationsPlug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is discharged to POTW.1025 Tupelo Regional 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1026 Dallas/Fort WorthInternational60 POTW and Surface Deicing only at deicing padsDeicing Pads Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite and eitherdischarged to POTW, recycled, ordisposed of offsite.1027 Craven CountyRegional0 Surface Deicing only at deicing pads None Deicing pad stormwaters are sent todirect discharge.1028 Denver Intl >60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads plustreatmenttechnologiesAirport provided capture efficiencydata. Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled onsite. Lowstrength deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1029 La Guardia 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1030 WilliamsportRegional60 POTW Deicing Pads Deicing Pads Deicing pad stormwater discharged toPOTW. Assume other areas of airportto direct discharge.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 9 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1031 Richmond Intl 40 POTW Drainage system and plugand pump system.Plug and Pump The airport reports no direct discharge;ADF stormwater is collected in 2systems: a system with dedicateddrainage and a system with plug andpump. ADF stormwater from bothsystems is hauled to a pretreatmentfacility then indirect discharge.1032 Austin-Bergstrom Intl 40 POTW and Surface Drainage system Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is discharged to POTW.1033 Mc Carran Intl 40 POTW and Surface GCVs Plug and Pump Airport diverts deicing stormwater toPOTW. Collected high strength deicingstormwater is absorbed and disposed.1034 Metropolitan OaklandIntl>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Minimal deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.1035 San Diego Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Minimal deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.1036 BaltimoreWashington Intl60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1037 George BushIntercontinental Arpt/Houston40 POTW and Surface GCVs Plug and Pump Airline tenants divert deicingstormwater to off-site disposal.1038 Luis Munoz MarinIntlNo Deicing None Airport does not deice.1039 Kahului No deicing None Airport does not deice.1040 Louis ArmstrongNew Orleans Intl>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Collected deicing stormwater is sent tooffsite recycling.1041 Glacier Park Intl 0 Surface Drainage systemNone All stormwater is direct discharged.1042 Orlando Intl No deicing None Airport does not deice.1043 Ralph WienMemorial0 Surface Drainage system None Allstormwater is direct discharged.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 10 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1044 RoanokeRegional/WoodrumField0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged orevaporates.1045 Norman Y. MinetaSan Jose International10 Surface GCVs GCV Airporthas limited data in response.Assumed some GCV collection bytenants; collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled offsite.1046 Long Island MacArthur60 No Discharge Stormwater drainage toretention basin.Deicing Pads Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1047 Sacramento Mather 20 Surface Tenants are required todispose of spent ADFstormwater generated.GCV Assumed GCV level ofcollection/control.1048 Redding Municipal 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1049 Lanai No deicing Airport does not deice.1050 Aspen-PitkinCo/Sardy Field40 Surface Deicing at gates, deicingpads and other locationsPlug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater iscontract hauled offsite.1051 Barnstable MuniBoardman/PolandoField0 Surface Deicing only at deicing pads None Deicing pad stormwaters are sent todirect discharge.1052 Wilmington Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1053 General EdwardLawrence Logan Intl0 Surface Drainage system None Allstormwater is direct discharged.1054 Jackson Hole >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1055 Miami Intl No deicing None Airport does not deice.1056 Santa Maria Pub/CaptG Allan HancockField>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater evaporates.1057 Will Rogers World 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 11 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1058 Gerald R. FordInternational40 Surface GCV + Plug and Pump Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled offsite. Lowstrength deicing stormwater is storedand treated onsite (equalization pond/tank) before direct discharge.1059 Greater RochesterInternational50 POTW and Surface Deicing at gates, deicingpads and other locationsDeicing Pads plustreatmenttechnologiesAirport uses a diversion valve systemwith gate and deicing pad use.Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW. Assumed 40-60% capture (avg. = 50)1060 Williamson CountyRegional>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1061 William P Hobby >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is disposed ofoffsite.1062 Birmingham Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None Deicing stormwater is direct dischargedor evaporates.1063 Evansville Regional 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1064 Falls Intl Airport did not respond toquestionnaire.1065 Albany Intl >60 Surface GCV +Plug and PumpPlug and Pumpplus treatmenttechnologies. EPAsampling datacollected.Airport indicated 72% collection ofapplied ADF. Collected deicingstormwater is stored and treated onsite(anaerobic fluidized bed) before directdischarge.1066 Salt Lake City Intl 60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled onsite. Lowstrength deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1067 Helena Regional >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge1068 Eppley Airfield 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 12 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1069 Cleveland-HopkinsIntl40 POTW and Surface GCV + Plug and Pump Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite and thenrecycled offsite or discharged toPOTW.1070 City of ColoradoSprings Municipal40 POTW and Surface GCVs Plug and Pump Airport diverts deicing stormwater toPOTW.1071 Tweed-New Haven 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1072 Gillette-CampbellCounty>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge1073 Honolulu Intl No deicing None Airport does not deice.1074 South Bend Regional >60 Zero Discharge None ZeroDischarge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1075 Pensacola Regional >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates.1076 Robert Gray AAF Airport removed from survey sample.1077 Kona Intl at Keahole No deicing None Airport does not deice.1078 Nashville Intl 60 Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pad Collected deicing stormwater is storedand treated onsite (aerated pond) beforedirect discharge.1079 Manchester 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1080 Syracuse HancockIntl60 POTW and Surface Deicing only at deicing padsDeicing Pad Deicing stormwater is stored/treatedonsite (lagoons) and discharged to aPOTW.1081 Bob Hope >60 Zero Discharge Absorbed and disposed Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is absorbed anddisposed.1082 Trenton Mercer 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1083 Tampa Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater evaporates.1084 Bismarck Municipal 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1085 Waterloo Municipal 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 13 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1086 Palm Beach Intl >60 ZeroDischarge None ZeroDischarge Deicing stormwater evaporates.1087 El Paso Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates.1088 Outagamie CountyRegional0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1089 John F Kennedy Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1090 Boise Air Terminal/Gowen Field60 None Deicing Pad Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates.1091 RochesterInternational40 POTW and Surface GCVs Plug andPump Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1092 Lewiston-Nez PerceCounty>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates1093 Los Angeles Intl No deicing None Airport does not deice.1094 Boeing Field/KingCounty Intl40 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsPlug and Pump Deicing stormwater diverted to a catchbasin which is discharged to a POTWor offsite disposal.1095 Chicago Midway Intl >60 POTW Drainage to POTW All gate, ramp,apron, runwayareas to POTWdischarge.All deicing stormwater is discharged toa POTW.1096 Santa Fe Municipal >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.1097 Lovell Field 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1098 Aberdeen Regional >60 Surface Deicing only at deicing pads Deicing Pads plus Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates or is directdischarged.1099 SacramentoInternational20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Minimal deicing; tenants areresponsible for collection and control.1100 Toledo Express 20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 14 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1101 Portland Intl 20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite anddischarged to POTW.1102 John Wayne AirportOrange County>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Minimal deicing.1103 Juneau Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1104 Nome 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1105 Spokane Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge1106 FortLauderdale/Hollywood IntlNo deicing None Airport does not deice.1107 PittsburghInternational60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pad Airport provided capture efficiencydata. Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled/recoveredoffsite. Low strength deicingstormwater is discharged to POTW oronsite recycle/recovery.1108 Louisville IntlStandiford Field60 POTW and Surface POTW Diversion Deicing Pad Airport reported all deicing stormwaterto POTW discharge. Assumedcollection equivalent to deicing paduse.1109 Airborne Airpark 40 Surface Drainage system Plug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater treatedon-site (aeration treatment system)prior to discharge.1110 Aniak 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1111 Port Columbus Intl 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1112 Deadhorse >60 Zero Discharge Zero Discharge Deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 15 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1113 Cincinnati/NorthernKentuckyInternational>60 POTW and Surface Deicing onlyat deicing pads Deicing Pads andtreatmenttechnologyAirport provided collection efficiencydata. Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled onsite. Lowstrength deicing stormwater is storedand treated onsite (biological treatment)prior to direct discharge.1114 Stewart Intl 40 POTW Drainage to storage andPOTWPlug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater storedonsite then discharged to POTW;airport was assessed as drainage anddiversion.1115 Jacksonville Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.1116 Reno/TahoeInternational20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1117 Cherry Capital >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1118 Bethel 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1119 RickenbackerInternational0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1120 Rapid City Regional 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1121 Theodore FrancisGreen State60 Surface GCVs with Catch BasinInsertsDeicing Pad All gate, apron, and hold apron ADFcontaminated stormwater collected andsent to off-site recycle/recovery.Assumed collection equivalent todeicing pad use.1122 Southwest Florida Intl >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwaterevaporates/infiltrates.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 16 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1123 James M Cox DaytonIntl60 POTW and Surface Deicing only at deicing pads Deicing Pad Airport provided capture efficiencydata. Collected deicing stormwater isstored/treated onsite and thendischarged to POTW or surface watersor sent to offsite recycling/recovery.1124 Des Moines Intl 40 POTW and Surface Drainage system Plug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1125 Sarasota/BradentonIntlNo deicing None Airport does not deice.1126 Minneapolis-St PaulIntl/WoldChamberlain60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pad Airport provided capture efficiencydata. Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite andrecycled on or offsite. Low strengthdeicing stormwater is discharged toPOTW.1127 Willow Run 40 Surface Plug and Pump Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled offsite.1128 Charlotte/Douglas Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1129 Bradley Intl 60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pad Collected deicing stormwater is treatedonsite (membrane filtration);wastewater is discharged to POTW andconcentrated ADF is sent offsite forrecycling/recovery.1130 San Antonio Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1131 WilkesBarre/Scranton Intl0 Surface Drainage system None Allstormwater is direct discharged.1132 Chippewa ValleyRegional>60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater is stored onsite andevaporates/infiltrates.1133 Phoenix Sky HarborIntl20 POTW and Surface GCVs GCV Collected deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW,1134 St George Municipal >60 Zero Discharge None Zero Discharge Deicing stormwater evaporates.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 17 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1135 Lafayette Regional 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1136 General MitchellInternational44 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads withtreatmenttechnologiesAirport provided capture efficiencydata. Collected high strength deicingstormwater is sent to POTW. Lowstrength deicing stormwater is directdischarged.1137 Dallas Love Field 40 Surface Plug and Pump Plug and Pump Collected deicing stormwater from thecargo area is hauled offsite. All otherdeicing stormwater is either directdischarged, evaporated, or disposed.1138 Detroit MetropolitanWayne County>60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing Pads plustreatmenttechnologies. EPAcollected samplingdata.Collected high strength deicingstormwater is recycled offsite.Collected low strength deicingstormwater is discharged to POTW.1139 Philadelphia Intl >60 POTW and Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsCentralizedDeicing PadsAirport provided capture efficiencydata in Questionnaire comments.Collected deicing stormwaterdischarged to POTW.1140 Memphis Intl 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1141 Ronald ReaganWashington National40 Surface GCV + Drain BlockersDeicing at gates, deicingpads and other locationsPlug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite andrecycled/recovered offsite. Lowstrength deicing stormwater is directdischarged.1142 Washington DullesInternational40 POTW and Surface GCV + Drain BlockersDeicing at gates, deicingpads and other locationsPlug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite andrecycled/recovered onsite. Lowstrength deicing stormwater isdischarged to POTW.1143 San FranciscoInternational>60 Zero Discharge Vacuum scrubber collection ZeroDischarge Collected deicing stormwater sent tooffsite recycling/recovery.MemorandumJune 15, 2011Page 18 of 18Table 3. Airport Capture and Control of Available ADFAirportIDAirport NameAssessedPercentCollection/ControlFacility ReportedDischarge StatusFacility ReportedCollection TechnologyAssessedCollectionTechnologyNotes1144 Central Wisconsin 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1145 Newark Liberty Intl 0 Surface None None All stormwater is direct discharged.1146 Northwest ArkansasRegional0 Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsNone All stormwater is direct discharged.1147 Raleigh-Durham Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1148 Kansas City Intl 40 POTW and Surface Drainage system Plug and Pump Collected high strength deicingstormwater is stored onsite and sent to aPOTW. Low strength deicingstormwater is direct discharged.1149 Fort Worth Alliance 60 Surface FED EX uses deicing padsDeicing Pads Airport referred to Fed Ex. Fed Ex usesdeicing pads with retention pondcollection.1150 Greater Rockford 60 Surface Deicing at deicing pads andother locationsDeicing pads Collected deicing stormwater treatedonsite (aerated ponds).1151 Kalamazoo/BattleCreek Intl60 POTW Deicing pad drainage tounderground recovery tankDeicing Pads All stormwater is sent to a POTW.1152 Duluth Intl 0 Surface Drainage system None All stormwater is direct discharged.1153 Akron - Canton 60 Surface Drainage systemDeicing Pads Percent collection based on updatedsystem with deicing pads and on-sitetreatment (anaerobic fluidized bed).