Smithsonian

Contributions to Astrophysics

VOLUME 2, NUMBER 10

ORBITAL DATA AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSES OF

SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND 1957 BETA

Compiled by

F. L. WHIPPLE, L. G. BOYD, J. A. HYNEK

AND G. F. SCHILLING

Ufa

•asfe

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

Washington, D. C.

1958
UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1958

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office

Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1
Foreword

The Smithsonian Institution has a long history of supporting and

publishing astronomical research. This tradition began in 1848, when,

two years after its founding, the Smithsonian published Sears C. Walker's

"Researches Relative to the Planet Neptune," which presented an

ephemeris for that planet, then newly discovered. Through the years

before and after establishment of the Astrophysical Observatory in 1890

there appeared in various Smithsonian publications a succession of

articles and monographs by such noted astronomers and physicists as

Draper, Michelson, Morley, Shaler, Newcomb, and Angstrom.

Of particular significance in the light of current events are two papers by

Robert H. Goddard, the "father of modern rocketry," that appeared in

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. These two papers—"A Method

of Reaching Extreme Altitudes," in 1919, and "Liquid-Propellant Rocket

Development," in 1936—describe Smithsonian-supported researches that

were basic to the development of modern rockets which made it possible

to place the first artificial earth satellites in orbit. It is highly appropriate,

therefore, that this first collection of optical observations of the 1957

satellites, and the resulting orbital data, should appear in the Smithsonian

Contributions to Astrophysics.

LEONARD CARMICHAEL,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

m

Preface

Since the first artificial earth satellite was successfully launched by

the U. S. S. R. on October 4, 1957, the Astrophysical Observatory of the

Smithsonian Institution has had to fill a dual role. To carry out our

contract obligations to the U. S. National Committee for the International

Geophysical Year, a majority of our staff has taken part in the visual

acquisition and optical tracking of these satellites, in rapid analyses of

the data to provide orbital predictions, and in precise analyses of the

data as they relate to basic research projects. At the same time, we

have attempted to discharge our equally important responsibility for

communicating these data, as quickly as possible, to the scientific community.

During all the weeks and months since the first launching, we have made

a concerted effort to share the data we acquired, rapidly and widely.

Only 10 days after Satellite 1957 Alpha was in orbit, we had compiled,

mimeographed, and distributed our first special report on its orbital

characteristics. Since then, we have issued reports at roughly 2-week

intervals, and have distributed them to staff members of institutions

taking an active part in tracking the satellites, as well as to other scientists

who requested these reports for use in various research projects.

Our primary object was to collect preliminary orbital data and other

relevant information from all possible sources, and to make them available immediately, in a concise form, to our co-workers who were attacking

the problems of orbit analysis. The urgency of our primary task—

carrying out our contract obligations to track the satellites, analyze

the data, and transmit orbital predictions to the observing stations—

required that we arrange the contents strictly according to availability

and relevance to the immediate problem. While this method did, indeed,

meet the basic requirements, the need for haste made it impossible

for us to organize the material as logically as we might have wished.

In the beginning, we supposed that new developments would make

the material obsolete within a very short time, but we were mistaken.

We soon realized that we had grossly underestimated both the current and

the continuing demand for these reports. We had expected, originally,

to have time to extract from these raw data those that we judged to be of

permanent value, but because of the pressure of events we see no way

to carry out this plan in the near future. The second U. S. S. R. satellite

has been joined in its orbiting by the U. S. Explorer, and from now on

consecutive launchings of other satellites will undoubtedly continue.

Thus for some time to come many members of our staff will devote full

time to optical tracking and orbital analyses.

Consequently, we are publishing the raw data so that they will be readily

available to interested scientists for their various research projects.

These data are presented very much as they appeared in the original

reports; the spelling of place names has not been changed except for some

obvious typographical errors.
VI PREFACE

Although we realize that this collection of reports can be considered

only a stop-gap, to serve until the U. S. S. R. publishes in full the detailed

scientific data resulting from its own measurements of Satellites 1957

Alpha and 1957 Beta, we hope, nevertheless, that it will accomplish

its chief purpose. Inadequate though the material may be in comparison

with the precise results of future treatment, the raw data will now be

available to all, as intended by the International Geophysical Year.

As the basis for new analyses, new facts, and new concepts, we hope

that this collection will demonstrate the incalculable potential value

of this new tool of science—the artificial earth satellite—in the study of

our planet and the space surrounding it.

FRED L. WHIPPLE, Director,

Astrophysical Observatory,

Smithsonian Institution.

Cambridge, Mass., March 15, 1958.
Contents

Page

Introduction: G. F. SCHILLING 189

Preliminary Orbit Information for U. S. S. R. Satellites 1957 al and

a2: G. F. Schilling and T. E. Sterne 191

Additional Orbit Information for U. S. S. R. Satellites 1957 al and

01: J. S. Rinehart and G. F. Schilling 199

Some Preliminary Values of Upper Atmosphere Density from Observations of U. S. S. R. Satellites: T. E. Sterne and G. F. Schilling . 207

Glossary of Astronomical Terms for the Description of Satellite Orbits:

J. Ashbrook, G. F. Schilling, and T. E. Sterne 211

Soviet Orbit Predictions and Orbital Information for Satellites 1957

a l , a2 , an d Beta : G . F . Schillin g an d E . S . Fergusso n ... . 21 9

Visual Observations of Satellite 1957 al Made by Moonwatch Stations:

L. Campbell, Jr., and J. A. Hynek 245

An Interim Model Atmosphere Fitted to Preliminary Densities

Inferred from U. S. S. R. Satellites: T. E. Sterne, B. M. Folkart,

and G. F. Schilling 275

Soviet Orbit Information for Satellites 1957 a2 and 01: G. F. Schilling. 281

Basic Orbital Data for Satellite 1957 01: L. G. Jacchia 285

Processed Observational Data for Satellites 1957 Alpha and 1957

Beta : R . M . Adams , N . McCumber , an d M . Brinkma n ... . 28 7

Successive Revisions of Orbital Elements for Satellite 1957 Beta: L. G.

Jacchia 339

A Chart for Finding a Satellite's Distance and Elevation: J. W.

Slowey 343

Recent Orbital Information 345

Bibliography 347

Introduction

By G. F. SCHILLING

The U. S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year of the National

Academy of Sciences assigned to the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution the responsibility for carrying out the IGY

Optical Satellite Tracking Program. The information contained in this collection of reports was obtained, in part, through the activities of this program. The National Science

Foundation has given financial support in the

form of grants to the Smithsonian Institution.

Additional contributions toward the costs of

administration and data analysis have been

made by the Smithsonian Institution.

Dr. Fred L. Whipple, director of the Astrophysical Observatory, acts as project director.

Dr. J. Allen Hynek, associate director of the

Observatory, is in charge of the operation of the

Optical Tracking Program, which includes three

major activities: (1) Project Moonwatch, directed by Mr. Leon Campbell, Jr., operates and

coordinates the activities of some 220 visual

observing stations in the United States and

abroad. The groups of amateurs who man

these stations are volunteers who devote many

hours, under sometimes arduous conditions, to

the work of acquiring a satellite when it first goes

into orbit, and of recording the final stages of its

flight. (2) A world-wide network of 12 precision photographic stations set up by Dr. K. G.

Henize and his staff is now almost completed.

(3) A computations and analysis center, under

the direction of Mr. R. M. Adams, receives

and analyzes the data transmitted by the visual

and photographic stations, and, in turn, supplies the stations with orbital predictions. A

communications staff supervised by Mr. C. M.

Peterson links these three aspects of the program and provides the vital channels for worldwide transmission of data.

In addition to the staff of the tracking program, senior members of the staff of the Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge contribute

to the scientific aid statistical treatment of the

data. Administrative assistance is given by a

group at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington under the supervision of Mr. J. J. Love,

who is directly responsible to the Assistant

Secretary, Dr. J. L. Keddy.

The entire optical program, therefore, is an

integral part of the research effort of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Obertvatory. The U. S.

National Committee for the IGY, through its

Technical Panel on the Earth Satellite Program

and its Satellite Program Office, as well as

through the Panel's Working Group on Tracking and Computation, offers advice and guidance in the direction of the program, which is

closely coordinated with the analogous program

of radio tracking and computations carried out

at the Naval Research Laboratory.

It would be impossible to attempt to list by

name the many thousands of scientists, technicians, amateurs, and laymen, in the United

States and abroad, who have furnished observational data and in other ways contributed to

this collection of reports. Their tireless efforts

and enthusiastic cooperation have made possible the compilation of these data.

Particular appreciation goes to Mr. Paul H.

Oehser and Mr. Ernest Biebighauser, of the

Editorial and Publications Division, Smithsonian Institution, for their invaluable help in

the publication of this collection of reports.

Notation system for satellites

The tentative system of notation, suggested by

Whipple, identifies each artificial earth satellite

in the following manner: the year of launching

is followed by a letter of the Greek alphabet

to indicate the order of the satellite's launching

within the year, and, when more than one

object is observed from one launching, a number

is added to indicate relative brightness. When

the orbiting rocket assembly or assemblies from

one launching are referred to as a whole, or

when the components are not distinguished

nor considered separately, the Greek letter is

spelled out and the succeeding number is

omitted.

189
190 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

In these reports the first two Soviet satellites

and their component parts are identified as

follows: Satellite 1957 al designates the carrier

rocket, the brightest component from the first

Soviet launching (Sputnik I) on October 4,

1957; Satellite 1957 oQ. refers to the satellite

proper, the next brightest component; and Satellite 1957 a3 indicates a third, faint object

which may be the nose cone that shielded the

satellite during its launching.

Satellite 1957 01 designates the instrumented

carrier rocket of the second satellite assembly (Sputnik II) launched into orbit by the

U. S. S. R. on November 3, 1957; Satellite 1957

j82 identifies an unconfirmed rocket component,

or possibly the nose shield, also in orbit. There

have been isolated reports, unconfirmed, which

appear to indicate the existence in orbit of a

third component from the 1957 Beta firing,

which would be 1957 03.
Preliminary Orbit Information for U. S. S. R.

Satellites 1957 al and oc2 l

By G. F. SCHILLING

 2 and T. E. STERNE 3

The preliminary information contained in

this report is presented in partial fulfillment of

obligations of research contracts of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution with the U. S. National Committee for

the International Geophysical Year of the

National Academy of Sciences, and the National

Science Foundation. While all statements and

information presented at this time must be

considered of an extremely tentative and, in

part, even speculative nature, we nevertheless

consider it desirable to collect these preliminary

data in a concise form to make them rapidly

available to the USNC-IGY.

It will be understood that current developments can be expected to make this report

obsolete within a very short time.

General information

The U. S. S. R. announced the successful

launching of an artificial earth satellite on Oct.

4, 1957. Original information4 included the

following basic data:

Orbit inclination 65°

Periodicity l h 35TM

Weight 83.6 kg

Diameter 58 cm

Radio transmission:

Output 1 watt

High frequency 40.002 Me

Low frequency 20.005 Me

Passing over Moscow 0146 hours

0642 hours

Note that these data on orbit inclination,

periodicity, and time passages over Moscow

are sufficient to determine, to a first approxi-

' Carried out in part under NSF Grant No. Y/30.10/167; Special

Report No. 1, IG Y Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge; originally issued Oct. 14,1957; re-issued Dec. 2, 1957.

> Executive Assistant to the Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical

Observatory, and Research Associate, Harvard College Observatory.

'Associate Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and

Professor of Astrophysics, Harvard College Observatory.

• Telephone, Dr. R. W. Porter, Washington, D. C, to Dr. G. F. Schilling, Cambridge, Mass., 21:40 EDT, and 22:10 EDT, Oct. 4,1957.

mation, the location in space of the orbital

plane.

Immediate contact was established between

the Office of the Director, Astrophysical

Observatory, Smithsonian Institution, and the

Control Center of Project Vanguard, Naval

Research Laboratory.5

First reports on reception times of radio signals from the satellite were received from:

Naval Research Laboratory, 20:45 EDT October

Washington, D. C. 4.

Radio Corporation of America, 21:00 EDT October

New York, N. Y. 4.

Stanford University, Stanford, 19:30-19:47 PST

Calif. October 4.

20:41-21:20 PST

October 4.

The first alerts.—Moonwatch stations in the

Central and Western States had already been

alerted at 19:30 EDT on October 4 by Dr. J.

A. Hynek, in charge of the Optical Satellite

Tracking Program at the Astrophysical Observatory. Station participation was excellent,

but no reliable visual sightings were obtained

throughout October 4 and 5.

The general alert for Moonwatch stations was

terminated on October 5. When subsequent

orbit computations predicted areas and periods

of possible visual sightings, selected Moonwatch

stations in the Eastern States were alerted and

given observing instructions. The first confirmed U. S. Moonwatch sighting was reported

from New Haven, Conn., at 5:23 EST on Oct.

10, 1957.

The satellite tracking camera under test at

Pasadena, Calif., was alerted and ordered on

standby operation.'

Four Super-Schmidt cameras of the Harvard

• Telephone, Dr. G. F. Schilling, Cambridge, Mass., to Dr. H. E.

Newell, Washington, D. C, 20:10 EDT; Dr. Newell to Dr. Schilling,

22:25 EDT, October 4; and subsequently direct operational TWX oonnrction.

• Telephone, Drs. J. A. Hynek and G. F. Schilling, Cambridge, Mass.,

to Dr. K. G. Henize, Pasadena, Calif., 1930 EDT, Oct. 4.1957.

191
192 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Meteor Project, located at stations in New

Mexico, were alerted and ordered on stand-by

operation.7 In addition, the Sacramento Peak

Observatory was alerted.8

The Agassiz Station of the Harvard College

Observatory at Harvard, Mass., was alerted

for radio reception and possible tracking on

radio frequencies.9

The first official reports.—At 06:00 EDT, Oct.

5, 1957, the U. S. National Committee for the

IGY was informed

 10

 that analysis of all information received by this time at the Astrophysical Observatory led to the following conclusions:

The orbital plane of the U. S. S. R. satellite was

located in space with respect to the sun in such

a way that visual and optical observations were

not possible at this time from the U. S. mainland. Favorable areas for possible visual sightings were Alaska, northwestern Canada, and

possibly Antarctica. However, it could be expected that possibly within one week, definitely

within two weeks, twilight observations could be

made in the United States.

The above information was then also transmitted by telegrams to Dr. L. Carmichael,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, and Dr.

L. V. Berkner, CSAGI Coordinator for Rocket

and Satellite programs.

Since analysis of twilight visibility indicated

that the first likelihood of optical sightings in

the United States would occur along and off the

U. S. East Coast, arrangements with the

Geophysics Research Directorate, AFCRC,

were initiated by Dr. John S. Rinehart, Assistant Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical

Observatory, with Dr. G. R. Miczaika, Geophysics Research Directorate, to utilize special

aerial cameras for this purpose. Subsequently,

several good photographs were obtained of the

last rocket stage and analyzed and measured

by Dr. G. Van Biesbroeck."

Soviet orbit predictions

Tables 1 to 8 contain information released by

Moscow Tass and Moscow Soviet Home Service.

7

 Dr. R. E. McCrosky, Cambridge, Mass., to Mr. G. Schwartz, Sacramento Peak, N. Mex., 21:00 EDT, October 4.

• Dr. R. E. McCrosky, Cambridge, Mass., to Sacramento Peak, N.

Mex., 21:05 EDT October 4.

• Dr. O. F. Schilling, Cambridge, Mass., to Drs T. K. Menon and

O. R. Miczaika.

» Telephone, Drs. F. L. Whipple and O. F. Schilling, Cambridge,

Mass., to Dr. R. W Porter, Washington, D. C, Oct. 6, 1957.

ii Consultant, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

The values are predictions of times of satellite

passages over world points. All times are Moscow time throughout.12

Optical sightings

Harvard Announcement Cards (reproduced in

fig. 1.) list confirmed optical sightings out of a

wealth of information supplied by stations

around the world. In addition, the cards give

preliminary information on orbit characteristics.

The information contained on these cards does

not establish priority nor is the listing complete.

Computing and predicting the orbit

The computation and analysis center of the

Optical Satellite Tracking Program at the Astrophysical Observatory has been in continued

operation since Oct. 4, 1957. From incoming

data, rapid analysis provided orbit information

which was successively released to the participating IGY stations and astronomical observatories on a priority basis depending on operational needs. In addition, simplified information was released to the general public through

the news media of press, radio, and television.

Earliest precise predictions were made on

October 5 for the Minook Meteor Station in

Alberta, Canada, with the objective of obtaining photographs with a Super-Schmidt camera

located at this point. Unfortunately, inclement weather made this impossible.

Apart from specific predictions for selected

stations no general orbit predictions were

distributed between October 5 and October 10.

First sightings in both the southern hemisphere

and Alaska reported visual magnitudes brighter

than could be reasonably expected from the

U. S. S. R. data. In addition, the sightings

occurred at times in advance of the predicted

satellite passages. After careful analysis, the

conclusion was reached by Dr. R. E. McCrosky

that the reported optical sightings were of the

last rocket stage rather than of the satellite

itself. This fact was later confirmed by Soviet

statements.

Commencing October 10, precise orbit predictions were made for dozens of stations every

day, upon request. This service is still

continuing.

Sample copies of telegrams and TWX mes11

 Note: OMT plus 3 hours: Moscow time; EST plus 5 hours: OMT;

EST plus 1 hour: EDT; Moscow time minus 8 hours: EST.
HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1374

Satellite M»a — Since artificial earth satellite! are

ahort-lired astronomical bodies they should, preaumably, be handled observationaliy and orbitally u

are comets. As a tentative syiitem of notation, pending IAD agreement, we shall identify each one by

the year ofito launching, followed by a letter of the

Greek alphabet, to indicate successive order of launching. When more than one object is observable from

one launching, a number shall follow the Greek letter

in inverse sequence of brightness; the brightest component shall be si, the next brightest «2, etc.

From press and radio accounts. Satellite 1967* was

launched by the USSR during the night of October

3-4. Observations of only two components have been

reported to the Astrophysical Observatory of the

Smithsonian Institution. AU estimates of brightness

for «1 (both visual and photographic) give the second

magnitude. Estimates of «2 range from the 4th to

the 6th magnitude. From USSR reports of the satellite's dimensions, o3 is probably the radio satellite

and i l is the last rocket stage.

The following optical observations of Satellite 1957

•1 and «2 have been received:

Source Date Time Position Type

October U.T. of Obi.

Geophysics Institute, College (Fairbanks), Alaska

6* 01" 00" «5# N 180* E vis.

Alt. As.

Mt. Stromlo, Canberra, Australia

8 9* 37- 31' 13* 37" -« •

R.A. Dec.

Sydney, Australia

Wood 8 9* 39- 8» 16* 50-7 -82'»

R. A. Dec.

Woomera Range, Australia

Lat. 30* W8 8 Xong. 136' «'S E

8 ii* is- » 25- 3tra N aw \ra

Alt. As.

New Brook, Alberta, Canada

« • 19- S8- N L W ST

Beak

New Brook, rta, C

Ut. « • 19- S8- N Long. W ST UT3

• 11* 83- 11< 15* 37- N

R A

1DST October 11

S U3

49M N pg.

R. A. Dee.

Fus L. Wanna

SATELLITES 1957 AND «2 193

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1375

j 1*57.1.— Mr. Jack W. Sknrey, Dr. Don A.

utman, and Dr. Richard E. McCrosky of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution

m Cambridge, Massachusetts, have obtained the following equatorial elements and perturbations for

Satellite 1957.1:

a = 1.0890781 Earth

Argument Perigee = 91.77894

0 — 32723388

True Anomaly 206*40725

Instant Osculation 1967 October 9.404M

The period appears to be shortening appreciably.

October IS, 1967 Ttm L. Wsnnu

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1378

Satellite 1*S7«L — One of the photographs of the last

stage of the rocket obtained by the Physical Laboratories of Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,

has been reduced. It yields the following data:

Time U.T. R.A. (I960) Dec. (IBM)

1967 October 14

10*10-42)06 102*182

4327 104.052

44.60 106.788

40.88 108.785

48 X 110347

Longitude 4*44-25»5

Latitude 42'21'0".o

Accuracy: Time =tO«.O6

73201

72.503

71X88

7024s

Position ±0*406

The reductions were made by Drs. Hawkins and

Aschenbrenner of Boston Univenri

October tl, IDS!

ty.

FBSBL. Wnm c

FIGURE 1.—Harvard Announcement Cards giving preliminary orbital characteristics for Satellites 1957 al and al.

sages distributing pertinent information are

given below.

07 OCT 1957

ALL IOY STATIONS BETWEEN 35 AND 75 DEGREES

NORTH AND SOUTH LATITUDE

TO IOY WORLD WARNING CENTER

SATELLITE OR THIRD STAGE REPORTED SECOND

MAGNITUDE. REPORT VISUAL POSITION OBSERVATIONS BY THEODOLITE OR SMALL TELESCOPE IN SUN

RISE 8KY NORTH OF LATITUDE 35 DEGREES OR SUN

SET SKY SOUTH OF 35 DEGREES LATITUDE WITH

ACCURATE TIME TO SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL

OBSERVATORY THROUGH IGY WORLD WARNING

CENTER, FT. BELVOIR. (SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY).

5:30 PM EST 7 OCTOBER 1957

A8TRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES IN THE NORTHERN

HEMISPHERE SATELLITE OR THIRD STAGE REPORTED

SECOND MAGNITUDE STOP PLEASE REPORT COLLECT

VISUAL FIELD THEODOLITE OR SMALL TELESCOPE

POSITION OBSERVATIONS SUNRISE (SUNSET IN TELEGRAMS TO SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE) SKY ACCURATE

TIME TO SATELLITE CAMBRIDGE VIA DR WHIPPLE.

OCT 7, 1957

DR RICHARD PORTER

COPY TO MR REID

ACCORDING USSR INFO THIRD STAGE TRAILED BY 600

MILES. WE BELIEVE RADIO TRACKS SATELLITE BUT

VISUAL SIGHTINGS ARE THIRD STAGE. HAVE

ALERTED IGY WORLD WARNING CENTER FOR IGY

8TATIONS 35" TO 65° LATITUDES NORTH SUNRISE AND

SOUTH SUNSET TO OBSERVE SECOND MAGNITUDE

OBJECT. OUR COMPUTATION CENTER IN FULL

OPERATION.

SCHILLING

OCT 8. 1957 1800EDT

DR BUTLER

ROYAL OBSERVATORY

EDINBURGH SCOTLAND

CROSSING NORTH 40 LATITUDE DIRECTION TIME UT

LONGITUDE OCT 8 SWNE 2355 04 EAST OCT 9 SWNE 0031

20 WEST SWNE 0207 45 WEST NWSE 0542 23 EAST NWSE

0718 02 WEST 8WNE 2258 02 FAST SHIFT LONGITUDE 3

DEGREES WEST PER DAY AND TIME 3 MINUTES

LATER SIGNED GAU8TAN SATELLITE CAMB MASS.

OCT 8, 1057 1715EDT

DR ERICH P HEILMAIER

DIRECTOR DEL INSTITUTO DE FISICA Y ASTRONOMI

CA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE.

SANTIAGO, CHILE.

FREDERICO RUTTLANT

DIRECTOR DEL OBSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DE LA

UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE SANTIAGO, CHILE RUS8IAN

SATELLITE PREDICTED POSITIONS EASTERN

STANDARD TIME AT 40 DEGREES NORTH LATITUDE.

October 9th

0530

0707

0843

1820

1956

2132

0644

0820

0957

1934

2110

2246

50 degrees west long NW to SE

74

98

116

92

68

170 East Long SW to NE

146

122

23 West Long

48

72

SIGNED HYNEK

OCT 9, 1957 1214 EDT

FROM SATELLITE CAMBRIDGE MASS SMITHSONIAN

ASTROPHYSICAL OBS

TO BYRD STATION VIA AOIWARN BUSTAN FT. BELVOIR

VA.
194 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

AOIWARN BUSTAN FT. BELVOIR VA. PLEASE PASS TO

BYRD 8TA X SATELLITE PO8ITION8 OF OCT 10TH. 1714

UT 108 DEO SO MINS WEST 51 DEO 55 MIN8 SOUTH. 1717 UT

80 DEO 33 MINS WE8T 59 DEO 18 MINS SOUTH. 1722 UT 52

DEO 01 MINS WE8T 65 DEO 07 MINS SOUTH. 1727 UT 14 DEO

M MINS WEST 50 DEO 14 MINS SOUTH. 96m2 MINS REGRESSION 3 DEO. PER DAY MAGNITUDE E8TIMATE 8ECOND

END.

T DB CAMBRIDGE MASS OCTOBER 101957

C 8 BEAL8

DOMINION OBSERVATORY OTTAWA ONT

NEX T FAVORABLE PASSAOE OF 8ATELLITE AT 1019 UT

AZIMUTH FIFTY DEQREES ALTITUDE THIRTY TWO

DEGREES APPRECIATE DATA AN D PHOTO SMITHSONIAN

ABTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

T DB CAMBRIDGE MAS8 OCT 10, 208AME

DR GORDON LITTLE

OEOPHY8ICAL INSTITUTE COLLEGE ALASKA

SATELLITE PREDICTIONS OCTOBER TENTH. 1323 UT 163

DEGREES. 07 MINUTES WEST 64 DEGREES 52 MINUTES

NORTH. 1325 UT 147 DEOREE8 13 MINUTES WEST 62 DEGREES 54 MINUTES NORTH. 1327 UT 134 DEGREES. 08

MINUTES WEST 59 DEGREES 19 MINUTE8 NORTH.

PERIOD 96.2 MINUTES. INCLINATION 65 DEOREES. REGRESSION 3 DEOREES PER DAY. ANOTHER PASSAGE

1501 UT 171 DEOREES 30 MINUTES WEST 62 DEQREES 54

MINUTES NORTH. SHIFT PATH ACCORDINGLY. APPRECIATE ACCURATE OBSERVATION

WHIPPLE SMITHSONIAN A8TROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

PLEASE PASS FOLLOWING MSO TO U S NATIONAL COMMITTEE IOY WASHINGTON DC ATTN MR RUTTENBERO

PHONE EXECUTIVE 3-8100 EX T 402 AN D ALSO DIRECT TO

WILKE8 STATION ANTARCTICA X

SATELLITE ORBITAL PLANE HAS MOST SOUTHERN

POINT SLIGHTLY NORTH OF WILKE8 LAND ANTARCTICA

AT ABOUT 0610Z CLOSEST APPROACH X SINCE THIS CORRESPONDS TO A LOCAL SOLAR ANGLE OF ONE HOUR

THIRTY FIVE MINUTES OR ABOUT NINETY MINUTE8

AFTER LOCAL NOON THERE, SATELLITE AND VERY

LIKELY THIRD STAGE ALSO, WILL REMAIN INVISIBLE

IN NOON SKY FOR SOME TIME X SATELLITE REPORTED

FOURTH TO FIFTH MAGNITUDE X THIRD STAGE REPORTED SECOND MAGNITUDE X ADDITIONAL ORBIT

POINTS AND SOLAR ANGLES FOLLOW

03S3Z 22H23M

0434Z OH 00 M

0S10Z 01. 35 M

0746Z 03H 11 M

VISIBILITY PROBLEMS FOR OTHER US ANTARCTIC STATIONS NOW ON COMPUTER X WILL ADVISE OF POSITIVE

RESULTS IF ANY X SCHILLING.

OCT 11,1957

Moonwatch

The immediate alert on October 4 of all U. S.

(and selected foreign) Moonwatch stations was

abrogated beef use of the fact that in the United

States Satellites a\ and a2 could not be expected to be observed in the morning twilight

period for the next several mornings. The

following operational policy was then adopted:

Since Moonwatch teams represent entirely

volunteer efforts, it was decided to alert a

limited number, about a dozen stations each

morning, so as to distribute the work load as

evenly as possible. The stations alerted were

chosen on the basis of greatest likelihood of

visibility of ol; weather predictions were taken

into account in the selection process.

Operational tests earlier in the year had

determined that, in the United States, communication by telephone was the best method,

leading most directly to positive alerts. In

addition, telegrams were used for confirmation

and for the dissemination of general information

to groups of stations. Sample telegrams are

given below:

ME8SAGE FOLLOWED BY 12 ADDRESSES

PCS R PD LO OCTOBER 10 OCTOBER 1957

OBSERVE MORNING TWILIGHT 11 OCTOBER NW TO SE

PASSAGE EXPECTED 0524 EST PLUS OR MINUS 5 MINUTES X IMPORTANT TO OBSERVE BOTH BRIGHT

OBJECT AND FAINT SATELLITE FOLLOWING ABOUT

TWO MINUTES SIGNED ARMAND SPITZ SATELLITE

CAMBRIDGE MASS

N EW YORK MOONWATCH COMMITTEE CARE OF

ROBERT S WHITE NATIONAL BDTNO COMPANY ROOM

582 EXTENSION 2241 NEW YORK CITY X

FOLLOWING DAYLITE CROSSINGS IN U. S. OCT 12 57

EST LONG WEST OF GREENWICH NO LAT

0521 AUGUSTA ME OVERHEAD

0521 66 40

0523 62 35

0525 59 30

0655 GREAT FORKS N D OVERHEAD

0658 90 40

0659 87 35

0701 NASHVILLE AND MIAMI OVRHD

•0835 111 35

0701 83 30

0834 BOI8E IDAHO OVRHD

0835 114 40

•0837 108 30

1010 138 40

1011 135 35

1013 132 30

SIGNED J ALLEN HYNEK

Current information

It must be emphasized that the information

presented below is rather speculative at this

time. With more and more reports of precise

visual and photographic observations becoming

available, the computation and analysis center

is concentrating on calculating and refining the

precise orbit characteristics as data come in.

However, these tentative conclusions may be

helpful in assisting stations to calculate approximate parameters for individual needs on the

basis of general predictions issued.

The U. S. S. R. satellite (o2) has been reported

as ranging from the brightness of a fourth

magnitude to that of a sixth magnitude star.
SATELLITES 1957 a l AND «2 195

Fourth magnitude corresponds approximately

to the brightness of the three fainter stars in

the handle of the Little Dipper (Ursa Minor).

Sixth magnitude is just visible to the naked eye

under extremely favorable conditions.

The last rocket stage (al) has been reported

as an object of magnitude —2 (about the same

as Jupiter) to +2 (Polaris). It is observed in

advance of the satellite proper in approximately

the same orbital plane. It can be easily photographed.

Unconfirmed observations report a third,

faint object which may be a rocket component

which shielded the satellite during the launching

phase.

All two—or possible three—objects are reported to be in elliptical orbits with inclinations

of about 65° to the earth's equator. Projected

on the celestial sphere, the orbital planes (on

October 12) could be visualized as passing near

Cassiopeia, Castor and Pollux in Gemini, and

the Southern Cross.

The nodal period of Satellite al was 95.75

minutes on October 13, and appears to be

decreasing at a rate of about 4 seconds per day.

The approximate apogee and perigee distances

on this day were about 450 miles and 130 miles,

respectively.

It can be expected that the U. S. S. R. satellite proper (a2) will stay in its orbit for at

least several months. The orbital elements of

the last rocket stage (al) are changing rapidly.

From the change in period, it can be inferred

that its apogee distance is decreasing at a rate

of about 4 miles per day, if the perigee distance

is constant. It is expected that the last rocket

stage may stay u*"» until some time in December.
196 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Predictions received Oct. 5, 1957 Table 3.—Predictions received Oct. 8, 1957

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 5 October 6

Place Time Place Time

Magadan

Calcutta

Ulan Bator

Karachi

Alma-Ata

Baghdad

Halifax

Detroit

Washington

1552

1916

1923

2054

2058

2322

1452

1630

1633

Yakutsk

Prague

Riga

Moscow

Oslo

Rangoon

Bandung

Leningrad

Moscow

Bombay

Damascus

Manchester

Paris

Rome

0025

0149

0151

0152

0327

0528

0535

(0549?) 0649

0560

0^34

1005

1006

1009

Table 2.—Predictions received Oct. 7, 1957

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 7

Place

Zomba

Wellington

Apia

Honolulu

Coral Harbor

(Kanerallk?)

Canary Isles

Accra

Capetown

Sydney

Selkrlk

Battle Harbor

Cape Verde Isles

Aleutian Islands

Dawson

Quebec

Boston

Bermuda Isles

Belem

San Salvador

Kemp Land

Onslow

Tokyo

Shelton, Alaska

Dawson

Minneapolis

Saint Louis

Jacksonville

Havana

Montevideo

Southern Sandwich

Isle

(Kergelen Isles?)

Bangkok

Hanoi

Perlng

Okhotsk

Sltka

Vancouver

Mexico

Puerto Decardo

South Orkneys

Madras

Hyderabad

Time

1026

1100

1108

1118

1134

1138

1148

1156

1209

1239

1306

1317

1328

1439

1445

1455

1456

1500

1510

1514

1538

1555

1610

1622

1624

1633

1634

1637

1639

1658

1607

1722

1741

1743

1749

1754

1804

1807

1816

I838

1843

1917

1919

Place

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 8 October 9

Time Place Time

Oakland 1104

Honolulu 1120

Coral Harbor 1136

Melbourne 1238

Newfoundland 1321

Kemp Land 1402

Marianas Islands 1432

Ottawa 1457

New York 1459

Rio de Janeiro 1518

Jakarta 1601

Manila 1607

Hiroshima 1612

Yuzhno Sakhalinsk 1616

Panama 1645

Rangoon 1744

Lanchow 1749

Okhotsk 1756

San Francisco I8l2

Bombay 1920

Delhi 1924

Irkutsk 1930

Vllsk 1933

Graham Land 2024

Ashkhabad 2102

Barabinsk 2107

Cairo 2235

Krasknodar 2239

Stalingrad 2240

Kuibyshev 2241

Sverdlovsk 2243

Vilyulsk 2251

South Shetland

Islands 2342

Tunis

Rome

Budapest

Minsk

Moscow

Kotlas

Khabarovsk

Tokyo

London

Ooeteborg

Archangel

Yeniseisk

Ulan Bator

Peking

Sydney

Santiago

Shetland Islands

Archangel

Omsk

Borneo

Panama

Newfoundland

Reykjavik

Petrozavodsk

Gorky

Aralsk

Stalinabad

Kabul

Delhi

Detroit

Oslo

Vilnyus

Moscow

Kiev

Kerch

Batumi

Baghdad

Los Angeles

Winnipeg

Dortmund

Venice

Madagascar

0013

OO15

0016

0018

0019

0021

OO33

0037

0154

0156

OI59

0205

0209

0212

0235

O3O5

0333

O338

0343

0401

0453

0505

0511

0517

0518

0522

0525

0526

0528

0639

06 51

0659

O656

0657

O658

0659

0702

O812

0818

0833

0835

0855

Table 4.—Predictions received Oct. 9, 1957

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 9 October 10

Place

Addis Ababa

Madrid

Algiers

Fiji Islands

Canary Islands

Melbourne

Newfoundland

Cherbourg

Ottawa

New York

Jakarta

Manila

Nagasaki

Vladivostok

New Orleans

Rangoon

0845

1012

1014

1111

1153

1242

1322

1448

1459

1620

1600

1613

1615

1640

1745

Time Place Time

Rome

Budapest

Minsk

Moscow

Oslo

Khabarovsk

Tokyo

Rio de Janeiro

London

Goteborg

Archangel

Enlseisk

Irkutsk

Ulan Bator

Peking

Sydney

0017

0018

0019

0021

0022

003S

OO38

0134

0155

0157

0201

0207

0210

0211

0214

0237
SATELLITES 1957 al AND o2 197

Table 4.—Predictions received Oct. 9,

(continued)

1957

Place

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 9 October 10

Time Place Time

San Francisco

Los Angeles

Bombay

Delhi

Bratsk

Johannesburg

Ashkhabad

Honolulu

Krashnodar

Saratov

Perm

Yakutsk

Samoan Islands

1814

1815

1922

1925

1932

2045

2104

2131

2241

2243

2245

2254

2318

Table 5.—Predictions

Santiago

Archangel

Omsk

Semlpalatinsk

Hanoi

Panama

Petrozavodsk

Vologda

Kuibyshev

Stalinabad

Kabul

Madras

Mexico

Detroit

Oslo

Vilnyus

Minsk

Kiev

Kerch

Baghdad

Los Angeles

Winnipeg

Glasgow

Brussels

Munich

Madagascar

received Oct. 10,

0307

0339

0343

0346

0355

0454

0518

0519

0521

O526

0527

0533

0634

0641

0655

0657

O658

0659

0700

0704

0814

0819

O832

0834

0835

- O856

1957

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 10 October 11

Place Time Place

Cordoba

Fiji

Coral Harbor

Adelaide, Australia

Port Harrison

Kemp Land

(Name Indistinct)

Australia

The Comodores

Fairbanks

Detroit

Washington

Haiti

Bandung

Shanghai

Vladivostok

Sakhalin

Maryland

Denver

Santiago

Chita

Ugolnaya

San Francisco

Tierra del Fuego

Madagascar

Karachi

Addis Ababa

Teheran

Aralsk

Omsk

Ust-Kamchatsk

Graham Land

Ankara

Kerch

Perm

Turukhansk

Ayan

The Kuriles

Samoan Islands

1010

1108

1136

1239

1316

1403

1422

1441

1447

1457

1459

1504

1600

1610

1614

1617

1623

1635

1658

1753

1801

1812

1842

1908

1922

2053

2100

2103

2106

2117

2203

2237

2239

2243

Algiers

Genoa

Vienna

Warsaw

Leningrad

Vladivostok

Tokyo

Montevideo

Rio de Janeiro

Manchester

Oslo

Archangel

Ulan Bator

Canberra

Archangel

Nizhnly Tagil

Bangkok

Bandung

Newfoundland

Reykjavik

Leningrad

Moscow

Ashkhabad

Bombay

Chicago

Reykjavik

Oslo

Kalingrad

Odessa

Baghdad

Los Angeles

London

Paris

Rome

Madagascar

2247

2253

2257

2315

Time

0012

0015

0016

0017

0019

0035

OO36

0128

0132

0154

0156

0200

0209

0236

O338

0341

0355

0401

0504

0512

0516

0517

0524

O638

0648

O651

06 54

0659

0701

0812

0832

0833

0835

0854

Table 6.—Predictions received Oct. 11, 1957

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 11 October 12

Place Time Place

Vancouver

Coral Harbor

Prederikshbab,

Greenland

Lisbon

Casablanca

Port Elizabeth,

Africa

Portville

Careross

Coral Harbor

Green Cape Islands

Adelaide

Towns vllle,

Australia

Dlllingham

Daws on

Halifax

Joa Pesoa

Kemp Land

Augusta

The Kuriles

Fairbanks

Port Arthur, Canada

Detroit

Georgetown

Caracas

Cuyritiba,

So. America

Singapore

Canton

Hangchow

Pyongyang

Khabarovsk

Magadan

Waylen

Denver

San Antonia

Santiago

Calcutta

Ulan Bator

Chita

Ugolnaya

Graham Land

Madagascar Island

Karachi

Alma-Ata

Krasnoyarsk

Vilyuisk

Dutch Harbor,

Alaska

Graham Land

Capetown

Baghdad

Krasnovodsk

Omsk

Magadan

Ust-Kamshatsk

Graham Land

Batw

Istanbul

Sebastopol

Kharkov

Perm

Okha, Sakhalin

The Kurlles

0950

0957

1000

1009

1011

1032

1107

1129

1135

1152

1839

1243

1305

I3O8

1319

1335

1401

1414

1436

1455

1454

145S

1458

1505

1517

1600

1606

1608

1610

1614

1617

1621

1633

I636

1656

1742

1749

1750

1758

1843

1905

1919

1924

1923

1932

1940

1022

2038

2057

2059

2104

2113

2115

2201

2224

2235

2236

2238

2241

2252

2254

Freetown

Marseilles

Munich

Riga

Leningrad

Kharbin

Osaka

Wellington

Buenos Aires

Liverpool

Oslo

Archangel

Kizyl

Hangkow

Melbourne

Lapaz, So. America

Bridgetown

Belomor

Nizhniy Tagil

Karaganda

Lhasa

Rangoon

Bandung

Albany, Australia

San Jose

Newfoundland

Reykjavik

Leningrad

Moscow

Guryev

Ashkhabad

Karachi

Bombay

Guadalajara

Oklahoma

Chicago

Reykjavik

Bergen

Goeteborg

Warsaw

Odessa

Los Angeles

Port Nelson

London

Paris

Zomba

Time

0002

0012

0013

0015

0016

0030

°°33

OO58

0125

0150

0153

OI56

0204

0210

0230

0307

0306

0334

0338

0341

0347

0351

0358

0407

0405

0502

0507

0513

0514

0517

0519

0524

0526

0528

0633

0635

0646

0648

0649

O652

0654

0808

O815

0828

0829

0848

460132 O—58 2
198 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL.2

Table 7.—Predictions received Oct. 12, 1957 Table 8.— Predictions received Oct. 13, 1957

Place

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 13 October 14

Time Place Time

Satellite 1957 Alpha

October 14 October 15

Place Time Place

Wellington, New

Zealand

Samoa Islands

Honolulu

Fort Nelson

Coral Harbor

Kogador

Accra

Capetown

Sydney

Cannacks, Canada

Kemp Coast

Pegane

Aleutian Islands

Dawson

Quebec

Bel em

Rio de Janeiro

Kemp Land

Onslow

Tokyo

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Ugolnaya

Dawson

Winnipeg

Saint Louis

Jacksonville

Precisely

F. Montevideo

Bangkok

Peking

Okhotsk

Anadyr

Vancouver, Canada

Mexico

Puerto Deseado,

South America

Madras

Irkutsk

Yakutsk

Ugolnaya

Graham Land

Maskat

Stallnabad

Barnaul

Vilyuisk

Aleutian Islands

Graham Land

Windhoek, Africa

Damascus

Erevan

Astrakhan

Chelyabinsk

Okhotsk

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Accra

Tripoli

Sofia

Kiev

Moscow

Yuzhno Sakhalin

0925

0932

0942

0953

O958

1013

1020

1033

1103

1130

1223

1240

1303

1308

1319

1333

1340

1402

1418

1434

1440

1443

1447

1454

1457

1600

1620

1604

1612

1617

1621

1630

1640

1701

1740

1751

1754

18OO

1845

1919

1924

1928

1932

1940

2023

2042

2057

2059

2101

2103

2114

2117

2226

2233

2235

2238

2239.5

2254

Mogador

Madrid

Paris

Copenhagen

Leningrad

Archangel

Chita

Mukden

Moresby

Hamilton, New

Zealand

Rosario

Azore Islands

Orkney Island

Archangel

Chungking

Penang

Lima

Caracas

Petrozavodsk

Frunze

Calcutta

Guatemala

Washington

Montreal

Reykjavik

Tallinln

Moscow

Baku

Denver

Duluth

Reykjavik

Berlin

Sofia

Cairo

Spokane

Barcelona

0009

0011

0013.5

0015

0017

0019

0028

0032

0047

0100

0126

0146

0153

OI58

0212

0231

0309

0315

0335

0343

0350

0452

0459

0500

0509

0513

0515

0519

06 34

O636

0647

06 52

O656

0659

0812

O831

Auckland, New

Zealand

Honolulu

Port Nelson

Abijan, Africa

Melbourne

Newfoundland

Kemp Land

Berden, Australia

Fairbanks

Ottawa

New York

Bele JL

Rio de Janeiro

Manila

Osaka

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Ugolnaya

Fairbanks

Kansas City

Hcana

Panama

Buenos Aires

Banrkok

Chunghsien

Taiwan

Okhotsk

Anadyr

Cordova, Alaska

Vancouver

Guadalajara

Tierra del Fuego

Bombay

Yakutsk

Ugolnay

Graham Land

Johannesburg

Tashkent

Novosibirsk

Aleutians

Honolulu

Graham Land

Cairo

Damascus

Tbilisi

Kuibyshev

Sver S

Erdlopsk

Vilyuisk

Okhotsk

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Accra

Tripoli

Naples

Belgrade

Kiev

Moscow movement

from SW to NE

Syktyvkar

Khabarovsk

Sapporo

Tierra del Fuego

Rio de Janeiro

0925

0942

0954

1019

1100

1141

1223

1243

1308

1319

1320

1333

1340

1428

1434

1437

114443

1446

1457

1502

1506

1520

1604

1608

1610

1617

1621

1625

I630

1638

1702

1741

1751

1759

1843

1903

1923

1927

1940

1950

2023

055

057

2059

2102

2103

2110

2113

2116

2225

2232

2234

2236

2238

2239

2241

2252

2254

2342

2352

Time

Lisbon

London

Stockholm

Archangel

Ulan London

Stockholm

Archangel

Ulan-Ude

Peking

Brisbane

Santiago

Hebrides

Archangel

Novosibirsk

Chengtu

Derby, Australia

Quito

Petrozavodsk

Tashkent

Delhi

Knoxvllle

Cleveland

Ottawa

Reykjavik

Stockholm

Riga

Minsk

Moscow movement

from NW to SE

Kharkov

Tbilisi

Muscat

Phoenix

Denver

Port Harrison

Reykjavik

Berlin

Athens

Cairo

Addis Ababa

Madagascar

0009

0013

0016

OO19

0013

00016

001Q.

0028

0031

OO53

0125

0151

0157

0202

0210

0225

0310

0335

0343

0346

0456

0457

0459

0507

0512

0513

0514

0515

0516

0518

0524

0631

0633

0639

0645

O651

0655

O658

0705

0711
Additional Orbit Information for U. S. S. R.

Satellites 1957 a l and |3l'

By J. S. RINEHART

 a and G. F. SCHILLING

Preliminary orbital information on Satellite

1957 Alpha was presented in the preceding

report. The present report expands and brings

up to date the material which we judged to be

of immediate interest to co-workers involved in

problems of orbit analysis.

The tentative system of notation identifies

each satellite by the year of its launching, followed by a letter of the Greek alphabet to

indicate successive order of launching. A number follows the Greek letter in inverse sequence

of brightness; the brightest component shall be

al, the next brightest a2, etc.

Satellite 1957 al, therefore, designates the

rocket stage of the first satellite launched, and

Satellite 1957 oQ. designates the satellite proper.

Unconfirmed observations report a third, faint

object which may be a rocket component which

shielded the first satellite during the launching

phase. Satellite 1957 /31 designates the

U. S. S. R. carrier rocket launched into orbit

on Nov. 3, 1957.

Again we realize that the information is of

an extremely tentative and, in part, even speculative nature. Furthermore, current developments can be expected to make this report

obsolete within a very short time.

Launching information for Satellite 1957/81

The U. S. S. R. announced the successful

launching of a second artificial earth satellite

on Nov. 3, 1957. Original information contained the following basic data:

Orbit inclination Approx. 65°

Periodicity 102 to 104 min

Weight of instrumentation. 508.3 kg

Satellite configuration Last rocket stage

Radio transmission output:

High frequency 40.002 Me

Low frequency 20.005 Me

1

 Carried out in part under NSF Grant No. Y/30.10/167: Special Report No. 2, IOY Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge; first issued Nov. 5,1967.

1

 Assistant Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and

Research Associate, Harvard College Observatory.

Apogee distance In excess of 1500 km

Passing over Moscow 0330 Nov. 3

0905 Nov. 3

Instrumentation Solar radiation (UV and

X-ray)

Cosmic rays

Internal temperature and

pressure

Female dog in air-conditioned capsule with food

supply

Biophysical parameters

[More detailed information was released later

and excerpts can be found on page 219 of this

publication. Photographs of some of the instrumentation as well as a schematic diagram were

made available by the U. S. S. R. Embassy,

Washington, D. C, and have been widely

printed in journals and magazines. Refer, e. g.,

to "Satellite Talk," Sky and Telescope, vol. 17,

p. 129,1958; and a critical analysis by Friedman

(1958), listed in the bibliography.]

On Nov. 5, 1957, Drs. C. A. Whitney, L. G.

Jacchia, and G. Veis derived the following orbital elements for Satellite 1957 Beta, from

U. S. S. R. announcements and three optical

sightings:

Epoch and time of osculation Nov. 4.3952 UT

(at ascending node).

Inclination t=63°.8dbl°

Period P=103.6±0.05 min

Right ascension of node a a = lll°.0±0.°l

Eccentricity e=0.105

Semi-major axis (in equatorial a=1.1463

radii).

Argument cf perigee «=44° + 0.°6/day

Orbital characteristics

Preliminary information on orbital characteristics for Satellites 1957 al, a2, and Beta was

distributed on Harvard Announcement Cards

shown in figures 1 and 2. Earlier satellite

information was released on Cards 1374, 1375,

and 1376

 3 (see p. 193).

> Cards 1377 through 1370 did not refer to artificial satellites.

199
200 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1380

riilllTlli IMTaZ.— Dr. Paul Herget, Dr. Gerald M.

Clemenoe, and Dr. Raynor L. Duncombe of the Naval

Research Laboratory in Washington, DC . have reported the following ephemeris for Satellite 1957.2:

Satellite at ascending node October 25.1007 at longitude ISS.'S W with period 95.44". Daily variation of

Time

Oil

4JD

8JO

16- no0

20 JO

MJO

MJO

noMJO

40 JO

444

ma

noMJO

60JO

MJO

MJO

no

noma MJO

MJO

MJO

no

-J040-. Westward n

"16 per period.

Era n

Long.

1S3JW

147.4W

1402W

130.1W

113.8W

MAW

J0.1W

23SW

8«W

OiE

7.1E

12 SE

17.4E

22 6E

28 7E

36.9E

492E

69 IE

USB

1289E

1493E

161.9E

170.4E

177.1E

177SE

November 1,1)67

lotion of equatorial cross

Kara

Lat.

00

14.9N

29.7N

43 AN

56.1N

64.1N

HJN

55JN

44.5N

32.0N

19.1N

6.1N

6.68

192S

313S

43.0S

5318

S1J8

66.18

61.48

52.4S

40.58

2738

13JOS

1.7N

Yam

Height

(Kilometen)

280

240

220

230

240

310

380

460

540

630

700

770

830

870

M0

890

870

830

760

690

600

510

420

340

280

L.WHJWL.

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1381

Satellite l*57al. — Dr. Charles A. Whitney, Dr. Richard E. MeCrosky, and Dr. Luigi G. Jacchia, of the

Astrophysics! Observatory of the Smithsonion Institution in Cambridge, Massachusetts, have obtained

the following two search ephemerides for operational

use for Satellite 1957.1:

Nomenclature: Zero points of the two ephemerides

below are determined in the following

Rocket at ascending equatorial node October

292I2KT.) U.T. at longitude 151."9 (A.) east

with period 94.68 minutes.

T. = time of nth succeeding nodal passage

A = terrestrial longitude (east from Greenwich) of ascending node.

T. = T. + 00557520 n -1.1172 X KT* n1

- 7.747 X 10"" n*

A = A. -364.07 •''(T - Oct. 295121)

Scales of the ephemerides are the following:

Period is divided into 24 equal time intervals

Longitudes measured east from the ascending node

and are computed for a rotating earth. Heights are

above geoid

EPHEUEKU (1)

Period = 94"

Time Long. Lat. Height

(Kilometers)

000

392

7.83

11.75

1567

19.58

23 JO

27.42

3133

3525

39.17

0.0

5.9

12.9

22.4

37.6

63.5

98.7

126.7

143.0

152.9

159.9

00 271

(To be e

November 1,1967

14.5N

29.0N

42.9N

55.1 N

63.5N

64.4N

57.4N

46.4N

33.9N

21.0N

m H-A.C. 1382

FBJED L. WHITPLJ)

217

387

449.

513

Satellite 1M7«1. — (Continued from

Time

••

43.08

47 00

50.92

54.83

58.75

6267

6658

7050

74.42

7833

8225

86.17

90.08

94.00

Time

•

0

388

7.75

11.62

15 50

1938

2325

27.12

31.00

34-88

38.75

42.62

46.50

5038

5425

58.12

62.00

6558

68.75

73.62

77.50

8138

8525

89.12

93.00

Long.

•

1654

1705

1757

181-8

189.9

201.9

221.5

2512

281.6

302 4

3152

3238

330.4

3362

EPHIM B

Period =

Long.

0.0

59

127

22.0

366

61.4

96.0

124.6

141.6

151.9

159.1

164.8

169.9

175.1

181.1

189.1

200.9

2203

2500

2812

302.4

315.4

324.1

330.7

336.5

November 1.1967

Lat.

•

7.9N

SOS

1788

30.2S

42.18

52.9S

615S

65.1S

61.7S

52.9S

413S

28 2S

14.4S

0.0

is (2)

93-

Lat.

o

0.0

14 4N

28.7N

42.4N

54.5N

63.2N

647N

58.3N

47.7N

35.4N

22.6N

9.5N

35S

16.4S

29 OS

41.18

52 2S

61.1S

65.1S

61.9S

53.08

4138

2828

1438

0.0

HJLC. 1381)

Height

(Kilometen)

830

677

712

734

740

729

702

658

802

535

463

391

325

271

Height

(Kilometen)

244

220

214

224

248

285

330

379

431

481

528

569

603

627

639

638

624

597

558

508

451

391

333

282

244

Fim L. Tfmn u

FIGURE 1.—Harvard Announcement Cards giving preliminary information on orbital characteristics for Satellites 1957 a l and al

(for No. 1381, note that from additional observations, Dr. C. A. Whitney obtained on Nov. 2, 1957, a refined value for the

coefficient of the cubic term, i. e., 1.162X10"* instead of 7.747X10-»°).

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1383

New Supernova. — A letter from Dr. I. 8. Bowen, Director of Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatorirs,

reports: "Mr. H. S. Gates, on an 18-inch Schmidt film

of October 19, found a supernova in a spiral arm of

NGS 1365. Location of the supernova is 99 seconds of

arc northwest of nucleus. Discovery confirmed by

Carpenter and Luvten at Steward Observatory and

Hare at Tonaniintla. A film taken on October 2 did

not show the star."

Position of NGC 1365 follows:

R.A. (1950) Dec.

3*31-8 -36'ISSatellite ltS7al.—Dr. F. Dow Smith reports simultaneous photographs from two stations obtained by

the Physical Research Laboratories of Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts. The parsllactic angle

was 1*6 and a reduction of the plates yields the following heights and positions for the rocket:

U.T. Height above

October 17, Subsatellite Point Sea Level

1957 Longitude Latitude (Statute miles)

9* 53- 21-0 74* 49" 15" W 40* 13' 28" N 332.7

23.0 74 44 55 40 08 48 3342

24.0 74 40 22 40 02 10 333.4

Accuracy: Time ±0.1 seconds

Height ± 1.5 miles

Longitude ± 1'7

Latitude ± Y3

The reduction was made by Drs. Aschenbrenner and

Hawkins of Boston University.

Errata In announcement card 1376 the longitude and

latitude of Boston University Observatory was

given instead of the position of the Physical

Laboratories. This position is:

Longitude 71*06' 19"4 W

Latitude 42 20 56. 8 N

November 6, 1967 Fats L. WHUTLI

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1384

ifi. — The second artificial earth satellite was launched, according to Radio Moscow, by

the USSR on November 3, 4* 40 - U.T. in a highly

inclined orbit. _

Dr. Leland E. Cunningham, of the Leuschner Observatory University of California, Berkeley, has

computed, for the Astrophysics! Observatory of the

Smithsonian Institution in Cambridge, Massachusetts,

the following equatorial elements and perturbation!

for Satellite 1957/5:

a m 1.1483 Earth

e • 0.106

Argument of Perigee = 44* — 0.6 (per day)

Mean Anomaly at Epoch = 151*

Epoch and Osculation 1967 November 4JO U.T.

Right Ascension of Ascending Node

on Equator = 118* - 3*1 (per day)

A cable from Dr. J. Hopmann at Vienna has reported

the following positions for Satellite 19570 as observed

by Purgathofer and Jackson:

Time (Nov. 5 U.T.) Altitude Aaimuth

4* 41 - 9»3 16*7 8 58.5 E

4 42 58 12.9 S 83.9 E

T he Moonwatch Station of Los Altos, California,

Latitude +37*399 N ; Longitude 122* .124 W, has

reported the following position for Satellite 1967?:

November 5, 13* 15- » U.T.

Right Ascension Declination

170* -20 *

November 7, 1967 FBJBL. WI

FIGURE 2.—Harvard Announcement Cards giving preliminary information on orbital characteristics for Satellites 1957 a l and 1957 Beta.
SATELLITES 1957 al AND 02 201

<?o*f

FIGURE 3.—Earth track of Satellite 1957 a l plotted on Mercator projection of world.

[The original issue of this report contained

tables of Soviet predictions for satellite passages

of both al and 01, over or near world points.

The period covered ranged from Nov. 3 to

Nov. 6, 1957. The tables have been omitted

here, but will be found, in context, on pp.

225-228.]

The earth track of Satellite 1957 al is

plotted on a world chart in Mercator projection

in figure 3. The ephemeris, Oct. 29.2121 UT,

obtained by the Smithsonian Astrophysical

Observatory (Harvard Announcement Card

No. 1381, fig. 1) was used to make the plot.

The refined value for the cubic term, as calculated by Dr. Whitney, was applied. Approximately 2% revolutions are shown. The period

is assumed to be constant for the duration of

these revolutions.

The specific date and time of the start of the

plot, Oct. 41.0045 UT,4 corresponds to an

orbital period of exactly 94 minutes. This

time and the precise longitude of the ascending

equatorial node were determined from solutions

of the orbital equations given in the announce4

 Oct. 41.0045 UT-Nov . 100006.5 Z-19:06:30 E8T on Nov. 9, 1957.

ment card. Note that the first derivative of

the cubic equation for the time of the nth

succeeding nodal passage is the orbital period

for that passage.

Deviations from this plotted projection,

predicted here 12 days in advance from the

date of the ephemeris, will have to be expected.

Such deviations will be principally due to

atmospheric drag effects on the rocket. Neither

the mass-area ratio nor the shape, and hence,

the drag coefficient, are yet known to any degree of certainty (refer also to p. 202 of this

report).

If, as viewed by an observer in space, the

orbital plane of a satellite is inclined at an

angle with respect to the equatorial plane of

the earth, then an observer stationed on the

earth would not see the satellite cross the

equator at this angle, because he would be

moving with the earth. The two situations of

passage from the Southern Hemisphere into the

Northern Hemisphere, and vice versa, are basically the same. The situation is illustrated

vectorially in figure 4.

Based on the orbital characteristics of Satel-
202 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

u)

EGfATOR

FIGURE 4.—Orbital plane of Satellite 1957 a l in relation to

equatorial plane of earth; «, angle between orbital plane

and equatorial plane; <•>', apparent angle of equatorial

crossing; Ve, mean linear velocity of rotation of the earth's

surface at the equator (approximately 0.465 km/sec); V.,

satellite velocity projected on a stationary earth; V., apparent satellite velocity for an observer on the earth's

surface.

lite 1957 al, «' is approximately 67.7° for crossings of the equator in both directions. For an

elliptic orbit, the two angles may differ slightly

depending upon the positions of apogee and

perigee.

Satellite camera

Plate 1 is a photograph of Satellite 1957 al

obtained with a Smithsonian Satellite Tracking Camera on Oct. 23, 1957, at Pasadena,

Calif. A detailed description of the camera

and its complex operational use has been published by Dr. K. G. Henize (1957). Only a

simplified account is given below.

The camera (F/l, 20-inch apochromatic,

triple-element correcting system, 31-inch spherical mirror, 35-micron images with luminous

flux density intensification of 3 X 108) has a

field of 5 by 30 degrees, which is photographed

on a strip of 55-mm film. The time presentation is photographed on this film and readable

to 1/10,000 second.

The camera operates in a cyclic manner so

that it alternately tracks at the satellite rate

and at the rate of sidereal motion parallel to

the satellite orbit. In this way, exposures of

the satellite and of the star background, including the fainter stars, can be made on a

single film. The satellite position and motion

can then be determined relative to nearby star

images by measuring the relative positions

between the "star-exposure" images and the

"satellite-exposure" images of these same stars.

Sharp breaks in the trail, produced by a rotating barrel shutter, provide precise time reference

points for measurement.

In plate 1 the rocket (al) appears as a trail

(indicated by arrow), interrupted several times

by the camera shutter. Its movement against

the star background can be seen. The initial

camera settings were: azimuth 309°, altitude

037°.3; the final settings were: azimuth, 304°,

altitude 047°.5; 20 photographs were obtained

between 17:48 and 17:49.5, Pacific Standard

Time.

Estimate of size

In order to make precise predictions for artificial satellites in elliptical orbits relatively close

to the earth's surface, the effect of atmospheric

drag has to be taken into account. For accurate computations, a knowledge of the massarea ratio, the exact shape of the rocket, and

its orientation, including rates of tumbling and

spin, would be necessary (Rinehart, 1952).

None of these quantities are really known to

date.

Since drag effects can be expected to influence

most severely the orbit characteristics of Satellites 1957 al and 01, attempts were made to

arrive at rough estimates, even if based on

necessarily speculative information.

On the basis of visual and photographic observations of al and a2, including both low and

high frequency variations in brightness, ratios

of relative luminous intensities were derived,

depending on estimated altitudes. If we assume that the cross-sectional area of a2 is

known (sphere of diameter 58 cm), the corresponding area for al should then be roughly

26 m2. This figure would apply rather well to

the U. S. S. R. single stage, liquid-propellant rocket T-l (M-101), in case a forward

section (a3?) of the rocket shell was blown

away to free the satellite proper. The T-l is

an improved version of the old German A4

(V-2), the shape of which can be assumed to
SATELLITES 1957 al AND #2

RINEHART AND SCHILLING

203

PLATE I

Trail of Satellite 1957 al photographed on Oct. 23, 1957, at Pasadena, Calif.; trail indicated by arrow.
204 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS TOL.S

be known within limits of reasonable accuracy

(Kaplan, Schilling, and Kallmann, 1955).

Before considering this shape and a corresponding empty weight as the most likely ones

to use for preliminary drag calculations, we

also checked the degree of realism of such an

assumption by applying known technical parameters of rocket propulsion and operating

procedures. These considerations were checked

and corroborated by Mr. Maurice Dubin.8

Without discussing the details here, which included calculations of the necessary thrust and

impulse values for the whole system, we feel

confident in assuming—for our purpose—al to

have the approximate shape and empty weight

indicated above, and to be spinning around its

long axis. On the basis of preliminary sightings

of 01, we would further assume 01 to be of

almost identical shape and size, with the complete shell intact.

However, we want to emphasize the rather

speculative aspects involved, and one major

fact which would throw doubt on our conclusions. If al has the approximate shape—

and size—of a T-l, it would appear unlikely

that it was not fitted with a radio transmitter

of its own.

[Since the appearance of the above estimates

of size and weight of the Soviet satellite rockets,

a number of detailed articles on this subject

have been published in the technical literature;

see Bibliography, Koelle (1957), and Summerfield, (1957). The principal conclusions reached

by most authors indicate a much lower weight

and size than the estimates given above.]

Orbit predictions

The computation and analysis center of the

Optical Satellite Tracking Program at the

Astrophysical Observatory is continuing the

operations described in the preceding report.

The senior scientists participating are Drs.

Luigi G. Jacchia, R. E. McCrosky, C. A. Whitney, D. A. Lautman, and J. W. Slowey.

Search ephemerides are transmitted for

national and international distribution to the

IGY World Warning Center of the National

Bureau of Standards at Fort Belvoir, Va.

• Chief, Meteor Physics Section, Geophysics Research Directorate,

Air Force Cambridge Research Center, AROC, Bedford, Mass.

Release is made by the USNC—IGY in accordance with Resolution No. 8 of the 1957 Comit6

Special de l'Anne"e Geophysique Internationale

(CSAGI) Conference on Rockets and Satellites

in Washington, D. C. Upon release, the ephemerides are printed on Harvard Announcement

Cards and distributed by the Harvard College

Observatory to regular subscribers as well as

to the IGY Data Coordination Office at the

National Academy of Sciences for distribution

to the IGY World Data Centers.

Specific orbit predictions and precise sighting

data are computed for certain stations selected

on a basis of operational needs. Predictions

are sent to alerted Moonwatch stations, with

due allowance for probable weather conditions.

In addition, a routine program computes predicted crossings of latitude 40° N. approximately four days in advance. This information

is sent to the Secretariat of the USNC-IGY

and is also made available locally. Prediction

tables for al for Oct. 23, 1957, and Nov. 4,

1957, are given in tables 1 and 2.

This simplified form enables a rough and

rapid determination of the approximate time

positions of a satellite on the day given without

any further computations by assuming an orbit

inclination of 65°. On a world-wide basis, the

use of a Mercator projection chart will be found

advisable. For local use, gnomonic projection

charts are preferable.

All exact determinations of orbital elements

are carried out with the help of IBM electronic

computers. Dr. D. A. Lautman is Mathematician in Charge, and Dr. L. Cunningham is

Senior Consultant.

References

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

1957. Satellite 1957 al. Harvard Announcement

Card 1381.

HENIZE, K. G.

1957. The Baker-Nunn satellite-tracking camera.

Sky and Telescope, vol. 15, pp. 4-7.

KAPLAN, J.; SCHILLING, G. F.; AND KALLMANN, H. K.

1955. Methods and results of upper atmosphere

research. Geophys. Res. Paper No. 43,

Geophys. Res. Directorate, AFCRC.

RINEHABT, J. S.

1952. Geschosse fliegen mit Hoechstgeschwindigkeiten von 2500 bis 6000 m/sec.

Umschau, Wissenschaft und Technik,

vol. 22, pp. 685-687.
SATELLITES 1957 al AND 02

Table 1.—Satellite 1957 al, 40th parallel crossings, Oct. 23, 1957

205

Northwest to southeast Southwest to northeast

EST

0039

0214

0350

0530

0700

0821

1011

1146

1322

1457

1632

1808

1943

2118

2254

Longitude

37W

61W

85W

109W

133W

157W

179E

155E

130E

106E

82E

58E

34E

10E

14W

Nearest place

North Atlantic

South of Nova Scotia

Cincinnati

Roosevelt, Utah

West of San Francisco

North Pacific

North Pacific

North Pacific

Sea of Japan

Slam

Caspian Sea

Aral Sea

Black Sea

Corsica

West of Portugal

EST

0151

0326

0502

0637

0812

0933

1122

1258

1434

1609

1744

1920

2055

2230

2406

Longitude

121E

147E

123E

99E

75E

51E

26E

02E

22W

46W

70W

94W

118W

142V

167W

Nearest place

North Pacific

East of Japan

Korea

Inner Mongolis

North India

Caspian Sea

Bucharest

Barcelona

Azores

Southeast of Newfoundland

East of New York City

Des Moines

Lovlock, Nevada

Pacific

Pacific

Boston crossing, A. M.

Rocket not illuminated

Satellite difficult

Time, EDT

6:40

6:44

6:48

Boston crossing, P.M.

Altitude Azimuth

0°

40°

0°

180° South

120° SE 100 Miles

45° NE

Table 2.—Satellite 1957 al, 40th parallel crossings, Nov. 4, 1957

North to south South to north

EST

ono

0304

0438

0613

0747

0921

IO56

1230

1404

1538

X Z f3

1847

2021

2155

2330

Longitude

95W

119W

143W

I67W

170E

146E

122E

98E

74E

51E

21E

3E

21W

45W

69W

Nearest place

Kansas City

Reno

Pacific

Pacific

Pacific

Pacific

China

China

Russian Chinese Bound

Baku

Turkey

Balearic Island

Atlantic

Atlantic

East of Boston

EST

0107

0242

0416

0550

0724

O859

1033

1207

1342

1516

I65O

1825

1959

2133

2307

Longitude

141E

117E

93E

69E

45E

21E

3W

26V

50W

74V

98W

122V

145V

169V

I67E

Nearest place

Japan

Peking

China

U.S.S.R.

Armenia

Greece

Madrid

East Azores

Atlantic

New York

Grand Island, Nebraska

Sacramento

Pacific

Pacific

Pacific

Some Preliminary Values of Upper Atmosphere Density from

Observations of U. S. S. R. Satellites '

By T. E. STERNE and G. F. SCHILLING

Some of the major scientific results which

can be expected from ground-based observations of artificial earth satellites will consist

of extensive data on atmospheric density at

high altitudes. To date, our numerical estimates for density values above an altitude of

about 150 km are based on indirect methods

of computation rather than on direct measurements. On the other hand, the orbital movements of satellites under the influence of atmospheric drag will, for the first time, resemble

much more closely a direct means of probing

the earth's atmosphere with an artificially

created tool.

At the time of this writing, only preliminary

data on the orbital characteristics of Satellites

1957 ol, a2, and 0 are available. However,

making precise orbit predictions for these

satellites requires that the effect of atmospheric

drag be taken into account. Furthermore,

any a priori prediction of expected lifetimes is

based on derived values of atmospheric density.

The present report was prepared with these

operational necessities in mind. We do not

claim any degree of accuracy or reliability of

the results beyond the limitations explicitly

described throughout the text.

Conventional techniques

The method of calculating densities from orbital

elements is described on p. 208. The importance

of this new and easily applied technique can

best be illustrated through a comparison with

what we may call conventional techniques.

It will be worthwhile to review, in brief, the

principal methods of investigations which have

been utilized heretofore to estimate values of

upper atmospheric densities (Kaplan, Schilling,

and Kallmann, 1955).

i Carried out in part under NSF Grant No. Y/30.10/167; Special Report

No. 3. IGY Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

Cambridge; first issued Nov. 15,1957.

Rocket methods.—The high-altitude research

rocket permits the direct measurement of atmospheric pressure by means of special pressure

gauges located at various points at the surface

of the rocket. The ambient atmospheric pressure, i. e., the true pressure in the absence of

the moving rocket, can be measured at selected

openings in the tail section. In addition, the

ram pressure, measured at an opening in the

nose of the rocket, and surface pressures

(Pitot tubes) in the nose section can be used

to compute the ambient pressure. Direct

values have also been obtained from sampling

bottles which were opened at predetermined

altitudes, exposed, and resealed again. However, this sampling technique is open to criticism, such as that ram pressure influences the

results, or that bottles leak.

The fundamental relation between the atmospheric parameters is essentially that given by

the ideal gas law and the barometric equation.

By use of the latter, ambient air densities can

be calculated directly from the measured pressure-altitude curve. This method does not

require a knowledge of the molecular weight,

but the differentiation required is a possible

source of large errors.

Other methods make use of nonambient

pressure measurements by applying either the

Rayleigh equation (Newell, 1953) or a kinetic

theory formula derived by Havens, Koll, and

LaGow (1952).

Meteor observations.—While various means of

investigation, notably the searchlight technique, lead to derived values of atmospheric

density, meteor observations have in the past

represented the major data source. The results

are based on physical theories of meteor phenomena and involve assumptions about the

density of meteoritic material, luminous efliciency, and shape factors. For radar observa207
208 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

tions, ionizing efficiency must also be estimated.

It should be noted that comparison with rocket

data shows fair agreement between the results

obtained at lower altitudes; at higher altitudes

the densities obtained from meteor data are

higher.

Model atmospheres.—A number of authors

have conducted theoretical studies which have

resulted in model atmospheres and numerical

listings of the altitude variations of atmospheric parameters. Models have been published

by Warfield (1947), Grimminger (1948), the

Rocket Panel (1952), Kallmann (1952), Minzner and Ripley (1956), Sterne (1958), and

others. Values for higher altitudes are extrapolated upward by making reasonable physical

assumptions and using indirect evidence from,

e. g., observations of aurorae, ionospheric measurements, and related studies. It might be

mentioned that, when complete numerical tables

are given, the numerical calculations of atmospheric parameters are based essentially on the

hydrostatic equation in combination with

measured or assumed values of pressure and

composition.

Method of calculation

The basic method followed here, to derive

density values from satellite observations, has

been described in detail by one of us (Sterne,

1958). The procedure calculates initially the

expected daily change in the mean orbital distance, a, for a standard model atmosphere.

For this purpose, the ARDC Model Atmosphere (Minzner and Ripley, 1956), as extended

by Sterne (1958), was used.

If this change per day is d, and if P is the

period, then it follows from Kepler's third law

that

P/P=M/2a

so that the expected change in period per day is

Pt=3dP/2a.

If p, (z) is the standard model density of the

atmosphere at altitude z, and if the observed

change in period per day is Po, then an atmospheric structure whose density is (P0/Pe)p, (z)

would lead to the observed change of period.

Thus one can infer from the observed change

of period, Po, that the density near the altitude

of perigee is (P0/Pe) p, {z') where z' is the altitude of perigee. It is predominantly the altitude of perigee at which the density determines

the change in period, since other parts of the

orbit contribute but slightly to the definite

integral whose value determines d.

The equations used to find d are

A«=-ca°2 f i. '+

Jo Po 1—eecos.fi;)1

'

2

where c is the dimensionless quantity

c=CDA po ae/m .

In these equations a is the mean distance in

units of the earth's equatorial radius, Aa is

the change in a per period, p is the standard

air density, po is the air density at sea level, e is

the orbital eccentricity, Eis the eccentric anomaly, CD is the aerodynamic drag coefficient, A

is the average cross section of the satellite as

projected on a plane normal to the direction of

motion, ae is the earth's equatorial radius, and

m is the mass of the satellite.

The integral has been evaluated by Simpson's

rule. CD has been assigned the value 2, which

it is expected to have for spherical satellites

when the mean free path of the air molecules

is very large compared to the diameter, regardless of whether the molecules are perfectly reflected or are captured. For shapes other than

spheres, the cross section A is obtained by estimating the total superficial area and dividing

by 4, on the assumption of random orientations

during flight of the nonspherical satellites. It

can be proved generally that the value of A,

averaged over all orientations, of any convex

body is exactly one-fourth of the total superficial area. The value of CD is expected to be

2 for sticking molecules, and all shapes; for

perfectly reflected molecules and nonspherical

shapes the value need not be 2, but calculations

have indicated that for typical rocket-like

shapes the average value over all orientations

of CDA is close to the figure 2(^4total)/4. Thus

the value of CD has been taken to be 2 in all

cases.

Observational data

The data used for numerical solutions were

taken from the two preceding reports as well as

from precisely timed local observations made

by one of us (Sterne).
UPPER ATMOSPHERE DENSITY 209

For Satellite 1957 a2, the data on Harvard

Announcement Card 1380 (1957b), as derived

by Herget, Clemence, and Duncombe, gave:

a= 1.086

e=0.0482

P=—2*A per day

Altitude at perigee=220 km.

The mass of the satellite was taken as 83.6 kg

and the diameter as 58 cm. The value of 6.378 X

108 cm was used for ae, and po, the density at

sea-level, was taken as 1.225X10"3 gm/cm3.

With allowance for antennas, an average crosssectional area of 3470 cm2

 was used.

For Satellite 1957 ol, the last rocket stage of

the first U. S. S. R. satellite, the observations of

one of us (Sterne) indicated a period change

of — 48.0 per day, when a was 1.089 and e was

0.051; compare the values obtained by Slowey,

Lautman and McCrosky, Harvard Announcement Card 1375 (1957a). This orbit was so

close to that of Satellite 1957 a2 that the same

definite integral could be used, with a different c.

A value of 3.4X106 gm was used for the mass

of the rocket, and A was taken as 1.86X105

cm2, a fourth of the estimated total area of the

rocket. These last two values are based on

speculative assumptions and estimates described in the preceding report and must be

considered of low reliability and accuracy.

For Satellite 1957 01, again of rocket shape,

Dr. Whitney's determination of — 1B.44 per

day for P, his a of 1.146 and his e of 0.0965 were

used (private communication). On the basis

of the previously mentioned considerations, the

same c was used as for Satellite 1957 al.

Preliminary results

Using the observational data given above,

we obtained approximate correction factors

(shown below) for the ARDC model atmosphere for air density near the altitudes of

perigee:

Altitude of Correction Absolute

Object perigee, z' factor p(z')/ density, p(z')

P.(z')

1957 a2 220 km 8.7 4.5X10-»gm/

cm3

1957 al 220 km 11 5.7X 10-"gm/

cm1

1957 0 233 km 6.7 2.2xlO-»gm/

cm3.

While little reliability can be claimed for the

densities inferred from Satellites 1957 al and

/8, since the shape and size of these rockets are

matters of speculation, the result based on

observations of a2 is believed to be reliable.

The numerical values are considerably higher

than those given by most model atmospheres,

although they are smaller than the densities

computed by Grimminger (1948) predominantly

on the basis of the available information from

meteor observations. We shall also want to

note that, during the last few years, ideas about

high altitude density have been influenced

greatly by an isolated measurement of density

at an altitude of 219 km, obtained during the

Viking flight of Aug. 7, 1951, at White Sands,

N. Mex. This flight gave a value of 1 X10~13-

gm/cm3 at 219 km.

Conclusions

We have shown that available information on

orbital characteristics for Satellites 1957 ol, a2,

and 0 implies that the values of atmospheric

density at altitudes of 220 km and 233 km are

higher than are expected on the basis of the

ARDC Model Atmosphere (Minzner and Ripley, 1956). The orbital data stem from groundbased satellite observations made by radio,

visual, and photographic means. Although

the calculations involve speculative assumptions, the numerical results are reasonably consistent among themselves.

We expect that future period changes and

orbital data will permit the inference of atmospheric density over a range of altitudes, and

the devising of an improved atmospheric model.

Acknowledgments

We wish to stress that our study has made use

of the efforts and data contributed by a large

number of people. The many scientists, technicians, amateur astronomers and laymen who

furnished observational data are certainly too

numerous to mention by name. The brunt of

the work of calculating orbital elements and

ephemerides was performed by Drs. R. E.

McCrosky and C. A. Whitney with their computer staff. Dr. F. L. Whipple has contributed

valuable suggestions on selecting most reasonable basic data as well as on taking antenna

drag effects into account.

Our acknowledgment and appreciation must
210 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL. 2

go to all our co-workers in this task of observing

satellites, computing orbital data, and attempting to derive scientific results.

References

GRIMMINGER, G.

1948. Analysis of temperature, pressure, and

density of the atmosphere extending to

extreme altitudes. RAND Report, No.

R-105.

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

1957a. Satellite 1957 «1. Harvard Announcement Card 1375.

1957b. Satellite 1957 <*2. Harvard Announcement Card 1380.

HAVENS, R. J.; KOLL, R. T.; AND LAGOW, H. E.

1952. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 57, p. 59.

KALLMANN, H. K.

1952. Physical properties of the upper atmosphere. RAND Report No. RM-841.

KAPLAN, J.; SCHILLING, G. F.; AND KALLMANN, H. K.

1955. Methods and results of upper atmosphere

research. Geophys. Res. Paper No. 43,

Geophys. Res. Directorate, AFCRC,

ARDC.

MlNZNER, R. A., AND RlPLET, W. S.

1956. The ARDC model atmosphere, 1956. Air

Force Surveys in Geophysics, No. 86,

Geophys. Res. Directorate, AFCRC,

ARDC.

NEWELL, H. E.

1953. High altitude rocket research. Academic

Press Inc., New York.

ROCKET PANEL

1952. Pressures, densities and temperature in the

upper atmosphere. Phys. Rev., vol. 88,

p. 1027.

STERNE, T. E.

1958. An atmospheric model, and some remarks

on the inference of density from the

orbit of a close earth satellite. Astron.

Journ., in press.

WARFIELD, C. N.

1947. Tentative tables for the properties of the

upper atmosphere. NACA Tech. Note

No. 1200.

Abstract

On the basis of available orbital data for the U. S. S. R. Satellites 1957 «1, a2, and /SI, preliminary values of

atmospheric density have been calculated for the respective perigee altitudes. The computations necessarily involve

a number of speculative assumptions with regard to mass-area ratios, but the results show a reasonable consistency

in numerical values derived from the three satellites independently.

It would appear that the atmospheric density at altitudes between 220 km and 230 km is higher than has often

been assumed. While the values derived here must be considered as being of an extremely tentative nature, it is

expected that similar methods of calculation will in future permit the inference of atmospheric density over a wide

range of altitudes from orbital data.
Glossary of Astronomical Terms for the Description of

Satellite Orbits1

By J. ASHBROOK,2 G. F. SCHILLING, and T. E. STERNE

The present report contains simple explanations of some astronomical terms, notations,

and symbols frequently used to describe the

orbital motions of artificial earth satellites.

This terminology seems little known to nonastronomical researchers, but the advent of

artificial satellites has brought these terms to

our daily attention.

In addition we include the reprint of a recent

article by Sterne, discussing various aspects

of the celestial mechanics of artificial satellites.

It is hoped that the report will be found useful

for reference purposes.

List of Terms

Referred to

in ParaTerm graph No.

anomaly, eccentric (E) 23

anomaly, mean (Af) 22

anomaly, true (r,to) 21

apogee 20

argument of perigee («) 14

ascending node 13

ascending node, right ascension of(O) 13

celestial equator 3

celestial pole, north 3

celestial sphere 2

coordinates, geocentric 9

coordinates, topocentric 9

declination (8) 7

distance, mean (a) 12

ecliptic 4

elements, equatorial 18

elements, ecliptic 18

elements, orbital 11

elements, osculating 26

inclination (i) 13

Kepler's equation _ _ 23

Kepler's Third Law 17

mean distance (a) 12

mean motion (n, n) 17

1

 Carried oat in part under NSF Orant No. Y/30.10/1R7; Special Report

N'o. 4, IOY Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

Cambridge; first issued Nov. 30.1987.

1

 Research associate. Harvard College Observatory.

Term

node.

Referred to

in Paragraph No.

.... 13

osculating elements 26

osculating orbit 26

osculation, epoch of 26

parallax, topocentric 10

perigee 20

perigee, argument of («) .. 14

perigee, epoch of (T) 15

period (P) 16

period, anomalistic 27

period, nodical 27

period, sidereal 27

perturbations . 24

perturbations, periodic 25

perturbations, secular 25

precession of the equinoxes 19

radius vector (r) . 20

right ascension (a) 8

Universal Time (UT) 1

vernal equinox (T) 5

Index of Symbols

Referred to

in ParaSymbol Meaning graph No.

a semi-major axis (mean distance) 12

b semi-minor axis T_. 11

C center of orbit 11

E eccentric anomaly 23

e eccentricity of orbit 12

F focus of orbit 11

O gravitational constant 17

« inclination of orbit 13

M mean anomaly 22

m mass of earth 17

n mean motion 17

P period. 16

r radius vector 20

T epoch of perigee 15

t time 22

UT Universal Time 1

v true anomaly 21

to true anomaly 21

a right ascension 8

S declination 7

n mean motion 17

£J right ascension of ascending node 13

a argument of perigee 14

211
212 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Glossary

Time.—1. In astronomical usage, time is ordinarily expressed as Universal Time (UT).

This is identical with Greenwich civil time, and

is counted from 0 to 24 hours, beginning with

Greenwich midnight. Very frequently the

astronomer uses a decimal subdivision of the

day, instead of hours, minutes, and seconds.

Thus,

November 30. 75 UT=

November 30* 18h 00" UT=

November 301800 Z=

November 30, 1:00 p. m. EST.

Celestial sphere.—2. The celestial sphere may

be regarded as a sphere of infinite radius whose

center is the center of the earth, and upon which

appear projected the stars and other astronomical bodies. This sphere is fixed in space, and

thus, because of the earth's rotation, appears to

rotate from east to west.

3. The celestial equator is the great circle on

the celestial sphere formed by its intersection

with the plane of the earth's equator. The

north celestial pole is the point of intersection of

the earth's axis of rotation with the celestial

sphere.

4. The ecliptic is the great circle on the

celestial sphere formed by its intersection with

the plane of the earth's orbit. The ecliptic is

hence the apparent annual path of the sun

among the stars.

5. The vernal equinox is the point of intersection of the celestial equator with the ecliptic

through which the sun passes the equator from

south to north. Roughly speaking, it is the

position of the sun about March 21 of each

year.

Coordinates on the celestial sphere.—6. Polar

coordinates are useful for specifying the location of a star (or other heavenly body) on the

celestial sphere.

7. The declination (&) of a star is its angular

distance north or south of the celestial equator.

8. The right ascension (a) of a star is the angular arc measured eastward along the celestial

equator from the vernal equinox to the great

circle passing through the north celestial pole

and the star. Right ascension is often expressed not in degrees but in hours, minutes,

and seconds (lh=15°), because clocks are used

in the fundamental measurement of a star's

right ascension.

9. For an artificial satellite, or other relatively nearby heavenly body, we must distinguish between geocentric coordinates, as would

be seen from the center of the earth, and topocentric coordinates, as seen from a position on

the earth's surface. A directly observed position of a satellite is topocentric.

10. The difference between the geocentric

and topocentric positions of a satellite in the

sky is called the topocentric parallax of the

satellite.

Orbital elements of a satellite.—11. The elliptical orbit of a satellite attracted by an exactly

central inverse-square force can be unambiguously specified by a set of 7 parameters known

as the elements of the orbit. Let the lengths of

the longest and shortest diameters of the ellipse

be 2a and 26, respectively; call the center of

the ellipse C, and let F be the focus occupied by

the earth, which for the time being we shall

regard as a point mass.

12. Two elements specify the size and shape

of the ellipse—the semi-major axis, a, often

called the mean distance, and the eccentricity, e.

The semi-major axis of an earth satellite orbit

is usually expressed in units of the equatorial

radius of the earth (about 6378 km). The

eccentricity is numerically equal to FC/a or to

(a2—b2)

1/2/a. For a circular orbit €=0; for an

elliptical orbit 0^-e^l; for a parabola e would

be unity.

13. Two elements specify the orientation in

space of the orbital plane of the satellite—the

inclination, i, and the right ascension of the

ascending node, Q>. The inclination is the angle

between the orbital plane and the earth's

equatorial plane (or celestial equator). The

two intersection points of the orbit plane and

the celestial equator are the nodes of the satellite orbit; the ascending node is that intersection

at which the satellite passes the equator from

south to north. Hence Q> is the arc, measured

eastward along the celestial equator, from the

vernal equinox to the ascending node.

14. A fifth orbital element, the argument of

the perigee, w, is the angle, as seen from the

focus F of the ellipse, from the ascending node

to the perigee point (closest approach of satellite to focus). The angle « lies in the orbital
GLOSSARY OP ASTRONOMICAL TERMS 213

plane, and is measured in the direction of the

satellite's motion.

15. A sixth element, T, is the time of passage

through perigee, or epoch oj perigee.

16. Lastly, P is the orbital period. If the

orbit is ideal and unchanging, the period is

simply the interval between successive passages

through any fixed point of the orbit. However,

if the orbit is not ideal, we must specify which

point (see below, p. 216).

17. Instead of the period, we may use for the

seventh element the mean motion, n=2x/P. It

is sometimes designated by n. The mean motion is related to a by Kepler's Third Law,

which for a satellite of negligible mass is

n2 a

i=mG. Here m is the mass of the earth,

and G the gravitational constant.

18. Two comments on the elements Q>, i,

and &> should be made. First, the plane of

reference by which these have been defined is

the earth's equator; i. e., we use equatorial elements. However, the same symbols are habitually used in celestial mechanics textbooks for

ecliptic elements, defined in terms of the ecliptic

as the reference plane.

19. Second, the vernal equinox is shifting

about 50" eastward along the equator per year

(precession oj the equinoxes). Hence, to specify

Q>, i, and a> unambiguously, a published set

of orbital elements will attach a date (e. g.,

1957.0) to these elements for identifying the

location of the equinox.

Relation between place in orbit and time.—20.

The radius vector, r, of the satellite is its distance, at a specified time, from the center of

the earth. The minimum value of r is the perigee

distance, a{\—e); its maximum value is the

apogee distance, a(l-\-e).

21. The satellite's position in its orbit at

any time, t, is specified by the polar coordinates

r and v. The latter is the angle at the focus

between the perigee point and the satellite, and

is known as the true anomaly of the satellite.

It is also often called w. Radius vector and

true anomaly are related:

r=a(l— e

2

)/{l+e cos v).

22. To find the true anomaly at time t we

may first compute the mean anomaly, M.

M=n{t-T)

460132 O—58 3

23. Next, the co-called eccentric anomaly, E,

is computed by Kepler's equation:

M=E—e sin E

From E, we get the true anomaly by

tan I »=(l+e)1/l(l-e)-1/2 tan £ E.

(For a systematic explanation of these matters, consult F. R. Moulton, "An Introduction

to Celestial Mechanics," 2nd edition, pp. 158-

172.)

Perturbations oj a Satellite Orbit.—24. Because of noncentral forces arising from the nonsphericity of the earth and from atmospheric

drag, the motion of a close earth satellite will

deviate from an ellipse. These deviations are

called perturbations.

25. It is often convenient to consider the

orbital motion to be in an ellipse whose elements are changing with the time. These

changes, or perturbations, can be secular or

periodic. The effect of the earth's oblateness

on the satellite's ascending node is, primarily,

to cause it to move irregularly westward, so

that ft is decreasing. The steady part of this

motion is an example of a secular perturbation.

There are also periodic perturbations of SI

that can be expressed analytically by the sum

of trigometric terms in which time is the independent variable. The effect of air resistance

on Q> is to cause small periodic perturbations.

26. If we regard the satellite at any date as

occupying a position in some ellipse changing

continually in size, shape, and orientation, then

the ellipse most commonly considered is one

called the osculating orbit for the date, or epoch

oj osculation, t. The osculating orbit is defined

as the ellipse that the satellite would follow

after t, if all forces other than central inversesquare forces ceased to act from time / on.

The osculating orbit can be specified by a set

of 7 parameters, the osculating elements.

27. In the absence of perturbations, the

period, P, defined as the interval between successive passages of the satellite through the

same point in its orbit would be the same no

matter which point was chosen. But if there

are non-central or non-inverse square forces,

the orbit is perturbed, and the numerical value
214 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

of the period will depend on the reference point

selected. Three different periods are of practical importance. The anomalistic period is the

interval between successive perigee passages.

The nodical period is measured from one return

of the satellite through its ascending node to

the next. The sidereal period is the interval

which elapses between two successive returns

of the satellite to the same geocentric right

ascension.

Celestial Mechanics of Artificial Satellites

An article by T. E. Sterne entitled "Celestial

Mechanics of Artificial Satellites" (Sky and

Telescope, vol. 17, p. 66, 1957) is reprinted

here with the permission of Sky Publishing

Company:

Vast numbers of people have been following the

careers of the new astronomical bodies launched into

space on October 4, 1957. The motions of the faint

satellite and its associated bright rocket have provided

excellent illustrations of celestial mechanics, and have

aroused a widening interest in that astronomical

specialty.

Were Isaac Newton still alive today, he would appreciate this practical application of the conclusions he

reached nearly 300 years ago, concerning the precise

dependence of the orbit of a projectile on its launching

conditions. He would have welcomed the physical

realization of some of the drawings in his Principia

Mathematica, in one of which a satellite is launched

from a cannon on a mountain-top. Doubtless his remarkable geometrical insight would have enabled him

to make some very early predictions by ruler, compass,

and pencil, without reliance on a digital electronic

computer.

A basic concept of celestial mechanics is that the path

of a lightweight body or satellite around a massive

particle is a conic section with the massive particle at

its focus, if the light body is attracted by a gravitational force varying as the inverse square of the distance and directed toward the massive particle.

MOTION IN AN ELLIPTICAL OBBIT

Unless the launching velocity is too great, the orbit

is an ellipse, such as that diagrammed here [Fig. la],

with the semimajor axis BC denoted by a. The distance from the center, C, to the focus, F, is ae, where

e, a number less than one for an ellipse, is called the

eccentricity of the orbit. The length of the semiminor

axis, CD, is then a (1 — e*)}i. The end A of the major

axis that is closer to the focus is called the pericenter,

and the other end B is the apocenter; for an earth

satellite we may use the more specific names perigee

and apogee.

When the satellite is at any point, P', in its orbit,

the angle AFP' is called the true anomaly, measured in

the direction of motion and often denoted by w. As

the satellite moves, the area AFP' (bounded by two

straight lines and an elliptical arc) increases uniformly

with the time—an illustration of Kepler's second law.

The complete time, P, for one revolution is called the

period, and 2x/P is the mean motion, n; it is the average angular motion, here expressed in radians, of the

satellite during the unit of time.

Kepler's third law gives us a simple relation between

the mean motion and the length of the semimajor axis

of the orbit.

n

1

a

t=mG. (1)

Here m is the mass of the massive particle and G is

the constant of gravitation. If the particle has the

earth's mass, if we express distance in units of the

earth's equatorial radius (6,378,388 meters), and if time

is put into units of 806.83 seconds, then the numerical

value of mG is unity.

The distance, FP', of the satellite from the center of

the earth, is called the radius vector, r. It is related

to w, a, and e by the equation,

r=a(l — cos w). (2)

If T is the time of the satellite's perigee passage and

t is any other moment of time, the product n{f,— T) is

called the mean anomaly, M. We may visualize it as

an angle that is zero at perigee and increases uniformly

at a rate of 360 degrees per orbital period.

Forecasts of w and r can now be made for any instant

t by means of the three formulae

M=E-e sin E,

tan lw=(l + e)l(l-e)-H tan

r=a(l — e cos E).

(3)

(4)

(5)

The angle E, which is calculated as an intermediate

step by Equation 3, known as Kepler's equation, is

called the eccentric anomaly.

THE ORBIT IN SPACE

So far we have discussed only motion in the orbital

plane. The next step is the description of the orientation of the orbit in space. For an earth satellite, the

most convenient reference system is the set of rectangular axes in the above figure [Fig. 16]. The origin,

O, is the center of the earth; XOY is the plane of the

earth's equator; OX points to the vernal equinox and

OZ toward the north celestial pole.

The satellite's orbit plane intersects the equatorial

plane in the line of nodes, ON, and if N is where the

satellite crosses the equator from south to north it is

called the ascending node. The angle XON is the right

ascension of the ascending node, and is denoted by O.

Furthermore, if OZ' is the pole of the orbit, in which the

satellite's motion appears clockwise to someone sighting

upward along OZ', then the angle ZOZ' is the inclination, i, of the orbit. Thus, the two angles, fi and i,

specify the orientation of the orbital plane in space.

The angle NOA, measured in the direction of the

orbital motion, defines the position of the perigee, A,

and is called w. The elements of the satellite orbit are
GLOSSARY OF ASTRONOMICAL TERMS 215

O p1

Orbit

Pole

QUATOIIIAL

PLANI

a

FIGURE 1.—Satellite orbits, a: The elliptical orbit of a particle P' around mass point F is the simplest model of an

artificial satellite's motion, b: The arc NAP' is a portion of the satellite's orbit, specified by the orbital elements

defined in the text. The angle AOP' is the true anomaly, corresponding to AFP' in the diagram of figure la. c: The

plane of the satellite orbit remains fixed in space (except for the effects of perturbations) while the earth turns on its

axis within the orbit. These diagrams, based on releases from Moscow, show every third circuit of the first artificial

satellite over Russia, western Africa, United States, and the eastern Pacific Ocean, d: Our globe's spheroidal shape

causes the satellite's orbital plane to turn slowly westward around the earth's axis. Thus, if one revolution about

a nonrotating earth carries the satellite over the equator at N, on its next circuit it will cross at N'.
216 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL.1

the numbers a, e, T, Q, i, and », which describe it

completely and unambiguously.

An early set of elements determined for the thirdstage rocket of the first satellite is reproduced below

(Harvard College Observatory Announcement Card

1375). Instead of T, the time of perigee passage, the

true anomaly w is given for a time called the instant of

osculation, whose significance will be discussed later.

These elements are referred to the earth's equator, and

thus are equatorial elements; for comets and asteroids

the same symbols are used for the corresponding elements referred to the plane of the ecliptic. By convention, the elements were given on the card to more

digits than observational accuracy demanded.

PREDICTING A SATELLITE'S POSITION

The six elements are the same in number as the three

co-ordinates of position and the three components of

velocity required to specify the launching conditions

completely. Newton showed how the elements could

be inferred from the circumstances of launching.

Conversely, once the elements are known, the right

ascension a, the declination 8, and the radius vector r

of the satellite can be predicted for any time. We have

already seen the equations for calculating* w and r.

Next, the right ascension and declination of the satellite

are given by

a«=J2+arc tan [cos * tan («+t»)], (6)

sin 5=sin i sin («+w). (7)

It should be emphasized that the two formulae just

given apply only for an observer at the center of the

earth, or to one directly beneath the satellite. But we

wish to predict its position at any particular time for

an observer at any selected place on the earth's surface.

To do this we must find the x, y, z co-ordinates of the

satellite and subtract them from the x', y', z' co-ordinates

of the observer in the same equatorial system of coordinates. From the differences of these quantities, we

can obtain the apparent right ascension and declination

of the satellite.

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CAHD 1375

Satellite 1957al.—Mr. Jack W. Slowey, Dr. Don A.

Lautman, and Dr. Richard E. McCrosky of the Astroghysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution in

Cambridge, Massachusetts, have obtained the following equatorial elements and perturbations for Satellite

1957*1:

a= 1.0890751 Earth

e=0.0510696

i=64?26012

Argument Perigee=61?77894

O = 327?33288

True Anomaly 266?40725

Instant Osculation 1957 October 9.40466

The period appears to be shortening appreciably.

October 15, 1957 FRED L. WHIPPLE

The equatorial co-ordinates of the observer on the

surface of a spherical earth of unit radius are

z' = cos0cos0, (8)

y'=cos«Min0, (9)

z'=sin*, (10)

where <f> is his latitude and 8 is his local sidereal time.

The co-ordinates of the satellite are

x—r cos S cos a, (11)

y=r cos 5 sin a, (12)

z=r sin 5. (13)

Then the apparent right ascension a', apparent declination 6', and the distance p of the satellite from the

observer are computed from

x—x'=p cos 8' cos a', (14)

y—y'=p cos 5' sin a', (15)

z—z'=t> sin «'. (16)

These formulae do not allow for the earth's flattening

or the observer's elevation above sea level, but these

considerations merely make his co-ordinates slightly

harder to calculate.

PERTURBATIONS OF A SATELLITE

In our discussion of Equation 1, we assumed the

massive particle at the center of attraction to have the

earth's mass. The application of the formulae would

not be changed by the earth's finite size, if the earth

were spherical. In reality, however, the earth is not a

sphere, and its equatorial radius exceeds its polar radius

by about one part in 297. Consequently, the satellite

is attracted to the earth by a net force that does not

vary exactly as the inverse square of the distance from

the earth's center, and the force is not directed exactly

toward the center of the planet.

Therefore, it is only as a first approximation that

the satellite is attracted as if our planet were replaced

by a particle at its center with the same mass as the

earth. For an improved, second approximation, we

must allow for the attraction by the extra matter near

the earth's equator and for the missing matter near the

poles. Qualitatively speaking, the extra material attracts the satellite toward the equator, trying to rotate

the orbit in the sense of decreasing the inclination about

the line of nodes.

As with a gyroscope, however, the resultant effect is

not to decrease the inclination, but to cause the axis

of the orbit to revolve slowly about the earth's polar

axis. In consequence, the right ascension of the node,

Q, gradually decreases. Refer to the diagram [Fig. Id]

above, where during the course of one revolution of the

satellite the node has shifted from N westward to N'.

Another effect of the earth's oblateness is to cause

the perigee point to move along the orbit, so that « is

not constant. Consequently, the satellite has three

different periods instead of one, yet none of these

periods corresponds to what would be predicted from

the value of a given by Equation 1.

1. Radial or anomalistic period, from one perigee

passage to the next, 95.98492 minutes for the orbital

elements cited above.

2. Nodical period, between successive passages of
GLOSSARY OF ASTRONOMICAL TERMS 217

the satellite through the ascending node, 95.98863

minutes.

3. Sidereal period, of a complete revolution in right

ascension, 96.04659 minutes.

Astronomers have in general two ways of studying

the effects of disturbing forces on planet and satellite

motions: special and absolute perturbations. In special

perturbations, the exact equations of motion are integrated step by step by numerical methods, perhaps

with large electronic digital computing machines that

make the work much less tedious. For an artificial

satellite, rapid calculation is necessary to keep up with

the changing characteristics of the orbit.

Without disturbing forces, the orbital elements

would be true constants, but when such forces are acting the elements vary with time. If, at a moment to be

called the instant of osculation, all disturbing forces

were removed, the satellite would travel in an elliptical

orbit described by osculating elements. The elements

of Harvard Announcement Card 1375 are of this sort.

In reality, the continued action of the disturbing

forces causes the osculating elements to fail to represent

the actual motion, but the theory of absolute perturbations allows the calculation of the changes of the elements with time. Thus, the position of the satellite

can be computed by the usual formulae for a later

time, using the changed values of the elements.

Some of these changes in the elements are periodic,

others gradual. For the third-stage rocket of the first

satellite, the predicted change in fi is —3.25 degrees

per day, calculated on the assumption that the earth's

flattening is 1/297. A discrepancy between the observed and predicted behavior would mean that this

value for the flattening could be improved. There is

no convincing evidence of this yet.

Air resistance or drag can have marked effects on the

motion of a satellite near the earth's surface, as observations of the first rocket show. Paradoxically, air

resistance speeds up a satellite, by forcing it to fall into

a smaller orbit, where the decreased value of a requires

the period to be shorter. Thus, the nodical period of

the Soviet rocket had been decreasing by roughly four

seconds per day during the month of October.

For an atmosphere like the earth's whose density

decreases markedly with elevation, the apogee distance,

a(l + c), will decrease much more rapidly than the

perigee distance a(l—c). The mean distance a decreases with time, the eccentricity e also decreases,

but the position of the perigee is subjected by air drag

to small periodic perturbations only.

Near the end of October, the apogee height of the

third-stage rocket was about 500 miles, the perigee

about 130, and the mean height about 315. There has

not been a good separation of apogee rate from perigee

rate, but the rate of change of the mean distance is well

determined from the decreasing period. If the time

decrease of the perigee distance was very much slower

than that of apogee, as theory indicates it should be,

then the apogee was falling at a rate of nearly four

miles a day.

Calculations showed that the apogee would continue

to descend faster and faster, until the orbit was nearly

circular. Thereafter, perigee and apogee should

descend at nearly equal rates, and the end of the rocket's

celestial career would be near. The details of these

progressive changes in the orbital elements caused by

drag may yield valuable information about atmospheric densities at great heights, when analyzed by

those who know the size and shape of the rockets.

Soviet Orbit Predictions and Orbital Information

For Satellites 1957 al9 a2, and Beta *

By G. F. SCHILLING and E. S. FERGUSSON

 2

This report continues the collection and presentation of orbital information released by the

U. S. S. R. Consecutive tables list Soviet predictions of satellite passages over or near world

points, as received at the Astrophysical Observatory. Pertinent data on orbital characteristics

are summarized in tabular form, classified for

different parameters. In addition, a few excerpts from general technical information are

collected separately.

It will be understood that our principal purpose is to make available raw data which may

be considered of lasting significance with respect

to orbit evaluation. It should be emphasized,

however, that the information listed must not

be considered a complete compilation.

Soviet orbit predictions

Tables 1 to 39 contain information released by

Moscow radio and newspaper services. The

values are predictions of satellite passages over

or near world points. All times and dates are

Moscow time throughout (GMT plus 3 hours).

Orbital information from U. S. S. R.

Number of revolutions and distance travelled.—

On October 13 the U. S. S. R. started releasing

information about the number of revolutions,

the distance between a\ and o2, and the distances travelled; in general the values are stated

as approximate (see table 40). On November 5

the U. S. S. R. started releasing similar information on satellite 1957 Beta (see table 41).

In the tables, the available data are posted

against the date and approximate time for which

the statement or prediction is made, and not

against the release date. The explicit methods

of analysis and computations applied by Soviet

1

 Can-ted out in part under NSF Grant No. Y/30.10/167; Special Report

No. 5, IQY Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophvsieal Observatory,

Cambridge; first issued Dec. 4, 1957.

1

 Executive Officer, Optical Satellite Tracking Program, Smithsonian

Astrophysical Observatory (now Project Engineer, Harvard Radio

Meteor Project, Harvard College Observatory).

scientists to prepare this information are not

known to us.

Satellite periods.—On October 20 the first of

a series of occasional releases on the periods of

the various satellites appeared (see table 42).

No numerical information has been given about

period changes.

Zones of visibility.—On October 28 the U. S.

S. R. started what later became a series of

daily releases giving the latitude zones for

twilight passages, first for al, and later also

for Beta (see table 43).

The tabular listing of all data is not necessarily complete since it is based on information

available at the present time. In order to conserve the full nature of the raw data, typographical errors have not been corrected, except where

the nature of the error was such that correction

could be made with complete assurance.

Information released by U. S. S. R.

Since the launching of the first artificial earth

satellite, the U. S. S. R. has issued numerous

press releases containing material of interest

to the general reader. Excerpts from some of

these are given here because they contain

technical comments and information relating

to orbit characteristics.

Pravda articles

On Oct. 9, 1957, the Moscow newspaper

"Pravda" published a long article of general

interest on the first artificial earth satellite,

1957 Alpha; it included limited orbital information and general descriptive material on the

satellite, radio and optical tracking programs,

and the various experiments undertaken.

On Nov. 13, 1957, "Pravda" published a long

article on the second artificial earth satellite,

1957 Beta, which also contained a number of

references to the first satellite. This article

specified that the second satellite was launched

219
220 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS"

"in accordance with the plan of scientific work

carried out under the IGY program."

According to this article:

. . . it became possible to make and place into an

orbit a satellite with a useful weight of 508.3 kg, six

times heavier than the first satellite. Moreover, the

second satellite was launched into an orbit considerably

further removed from the surface of the earth than the

orbit of the first.

The apogee distance is given as some 1700

km, almost twice that of the first satellite, and

the initial period as 103.7 minutes.

From data gathered by Nov. 10, 1957, the

period of al (carrier rocket) was approximately

74 seconds less than that of a2 (the satellite)

and its apogee lower by over 100 km. An altitude of 100 km is given as the approximate

height for the death of these bodies. A life of

three months—until the end of 1957—is predicted for the satellite, with a substantially

shorter life predicted for the carrier rocket.

It is further predicted, on the basis of the longer

initial period and smaller resistance effects because of a different mass-area relationship, that

1957 Beta will have a considerably longer life

than a2. It is stated that study of orbital data

will yield important information about upper

atmosphere densities.

As a result of optical observations, it has emerged

that the carrier rocket changes in brightness. This is

due to the changes of its orientation in space. The

shortest recorded visual period of change in brightness

amounts to approximately 20 seconds.

It is stated that 66 "Soviet Optical Observation Stations," all Soviet astronomical observatories, and some 30 foreign observatories ".. .

are systematically taking part in the optical

observations . . ." of al, a2, and Beta. The

brightness of al and Beta permits the use of

balloon theodolites as aerological stations.

Photo tracking by Soviet and foreign observatories is also being used. In addition, there is

extensive radio tracking.

Scientific apparatus of Satellite 1957 Beta.—

The satellite has a "useful weight of 508.3 kg,

six times heavier than the first satellite." It

is equipped with apparatus to study:

Cosmic rays

Ultraviolet and x-ray part of solar radiation

Hermetically sealed cabin containing an experimental animal —a dog

Radio telemetrical apparatus

Radio transmitting equipment

Necessary sources of electrical power.

Additional information stated:

The total weight of the equipment of the experimental animal and of the sources of electric power supply

on the second artificial satellite represents 508.3 kg.

In the front, it has a special frame with instruments

to study the sun's radiation in the ultraviolet and

Roentgen bands of the spectrum, a spherical container

with transmitter and other equipment, and a pressurized

cabin containing an experimental animal. The instruments for studying cosmic rays are mounted on the

rocket's body.

The instrument and container mounted on the frame

were protected from aerodynamic and thermal influence

by a special protective cone which was jettisoned.

The transmitters were placed in a spherical container.

The electric pile for it, the system of thermal controls,

as well as the sensitive elements registering the fluctuations of temperature and other parameters were

also enclosed there. The design of the spherical container resembles the first Sputnik.

A description of the animal container was as

follows:

The pressurized cabin containing the experimental

animal is cylindrical in form. It contained food and

an air-conditioning system consisting of a regenerative

installation and a temperature control device. The

cabin also contained instruments for registering pulse,

respiration, blood pressure, equipment for taking electrocardiograms, and sensitive elements for measuring

several parameters characterising the condition in the

cabin.

The systems of temperature control mounted

in the spherical container and the animal's

cabin maintained the temperature within them

at a set level through forced circulation of gas.

The temperature on the outer surface, and

within the animal's cabin, as well as the temperature of the instruments and the parts of

the Sputnik was determined with special temperature recorders mounted on them.

Three special photoelectronic multipliers

placed at an angle of 120 degrees to each other

serve as radiation receivers. The electrical

signals given by the photomultiplier trained on

the sun were amplified by radio circuits and

transmitted to earth. To economize electricity,

the devices were switched on only when the

sun came into the field of vision of one of the

three light receivers.

Launching sequence.—Editorial comments in

Pravda contained the following statements

with regard to the placement of the satellites
SOVIET PREDICTIONS AND INFORMATION 221

into orbits: The rocket was launched vertically

upward for the first 1 to 2 km, then gradually

inclining toward the horizon. When speed

reached 5 km/sec, the rocket was flying almost

horizontally. Only after reaching the set

height, did it develop a speed in the range of

8 km/sec.

The second satellite was launched by multistage rocket. Speed imparted to the last stage

exceeded that necessary for the satellite's

movement along a circular orbit at a constant

altitude corresponding to that at which it was

placed into the orbit. Therefore, the satellite

moves in an elliptical orbit.

Rocket bodies.—The body of the first Sputnik

was made of aluminum alloys, sufficiently

resistant, polished, and subjected to special

processing. Heat resisting alloys were used

for the lining of the rocket to overcome aerodynamic over-heating (during launching).

Both the animal's cabin and the spherical

container of the second Sputnik were made of

aluminum alloys. Their outer surfaces were

polished and subjected to special treatment

intended to give them the necessary coefficients

of radiation and absorption of solar rays.

Interviews

On Nov. 22, 1957, Vitaly Ginsburg stated that

the artificial earth satellites present important

opportunities for study of relativistic effects;

he believes it will be possible to check the

following effects and the General Theory of

Relativity:

1. Cosmic time lag relative to earth.

2. Displacement of elliptical orbits of heavenly

bodies resulting from gravitational disturbances.

3. Existence of extragravitational fields resulting

from rotation of large bodies on their own

axes.

4. Gravitational displacement of the frequency of

electromagnetic waves.

On Dec. 4, 1957, Professor Stanyukovich asserted that 1957 Beta was launched at 65 degrees so ".. . it will be least affected by the

earth's gravity. Furthermore . . . this makes

it possible to observe it all over the world."

He gives a lifetime for 1957 Beta extending

at least until February 1958, and possibly

much longer.
222 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Predictions Issued Oct. 23, 1957

Satellite 1957 Alpha (?)

October 24

Place Time

Port Harrison

Newfoundland

Albany, Australia

The Aleutians

Ottawa

New York

Sao Paulo

Bandung

Manila

Hiroshima

Kansas City

Rosarlo

Rangoon

Los Angeles

Tierra del Puego

Bombay

Delhi

Yakutsk

Johannesburg

Ashkhabad

Novosibirsk

The Aleutians

Graham Land

Cairo

Kuibyshev

Yakutsk

Samoa Islands

Harper

Budapest

Moscow

Khabarovsk

Tokyo

Tierra del Puego

Rio de Janeiro

Table 2.—Predictions

0909

091 3,

1008

1033

1050

IO51

1111

1153

1159

1204

1227

1250

1335

1404

1432

1511

1514

1524

1633

1651

1655

1709

1752

1825

1831

1840

1905

1953

2005

2007

2021

2025

2110

2120

issued

Satellite 1957 a2

October 26 October 27

Place Time Place

Kennecott

Port Harrison

Albany, Australia

Fairbanks

Washington

Bridgetown,

S. America

Sao Paulo

Bandung

Shanghai

Port Nelson

Ulan Bator

Los Angeles

Delhi

Vilyulsk

Graham Land

Johannesburg

Addis Ababa

Teheran

Cask

Aleutian Islands

Honolulu

Ankara

Rostov

Perm

Samoa Islands

Vienna

Warsaw

Vladivostok

Tokyo

0846

0853

0953

1022

1034

1043

1054

1136

1146

1204

1226

1326

1347

1457

1507

1557

1617

1626

1634

I638

1652

1701

1810

1812

181S

1948

1949

2006

2008

Panama

Reykjavik

Leningrad

(Kabul)

Madras

Mexico City

Chicago

Reykjavik

Oslo

Kiev

Baghdad

Lake Harbor

Madagascar

Vancouver

Coral Harbor

Madrid

Johannesburg

Lake Harbor

Dakar

Melbourne

Time

0023

OO39

0045

0054

0100

0200

0207

0217

0220

0224

0230

0349

0420

0521

0526

0539

0559

0705

0721

0806

Satellite 1957 al

October 26 October 27

Place Time Place Time

Carcross

Adelaide, Australia

Dutch Harbor

Halifax, Canada

Pernambuco

Kurile Islands

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Cleveland

Caracas

Saigon

Nanking

Khabarovsk

Anadyr

Denver

Santiago

Calcutta

Chita

Anadyr

San Francisco

Alma-Ata

Krasnoyarsk

Dutch Harbor

Capetown

Teheran

Omsk

Magadan

Ankara

(- )

Kazan

Nikolayevsk

0733

0842

0906

0922

0939

1039

1040

IO58

1203

1210

1215

1220

1233

1256

1342

1349

1357

1108

1522

1525

1537

1635

1655

1700

1711

1832

1835

1838

1848

Jose

Reykjavik

Leningrad

Moscow

Bombay

Mexico City

Chicago

Oslo

Kiev

Los Angeles

London

Paris

Lisbon

Port Elizabeth

Adelaide

Aleutian Islands

0042

0057

0103

0104

0116

0219

0225

0238

0242

0357

0416

0417

0555

0618

0822

0848
SOVIET PREDICTIONS AND INFORMATION

Table 2.—Predictions Issued

Oct. 25, 1957 (continued)~

223

Satellite 1957 a2

October 26 October 27

Place Time Place

Rio de Janeiro

London

Oslo

Ulan Bator

Nanking

Sydney

La Paz

Archangel

Saigon

2104

2125

2127

2140

2145

2206

2241

2307

2328

Satellite 1957 <xl

October 26 October 27

Time Place

Algiers

Munich

Vladivostok

Tokyo

Wellington

Montevideo

Glasgow

Oslo

Archangel

Wuhan

Melbourne

La Paz

Bangkok

Time Place

2006

2009

2026

2028

2052

2120

2144

2146

2150

2204

2225

2300

2343

Time

Table 3.— Predictions Issued Oct. 26, 1957

Satellite 1957 a2

October 27 October 28

Place Time Place Time

Kennecott

Port Harrison

Juan Pessoa

Albany

Fairbanks

Washington

Caracas

Bandung

Hangchow

Khabarovsk

Santiago

Rangoon

Chita

Anadyr

San Francisco

Los Angeles

Tierra del Fuego

Delhi

Vllyulsk

Dutch Harbor

Capetown

Addis Ababa

Ashkhabad

Omsk

Ust-Kamchatsk

Ankara

Rostov

Perm

Samoan Islands

Algiers

Vienna

Moscow

Vladivostok

Tokyo

Rio de Janeiro

London

Archangel

Ulan Bator

Nanking

Canberra

La Paz

Archangel

Omsk

Saigon

°§?5

0842

0903

0942

1013

1025

1033

1126

1136

1141

1223

I3O8

1317

1325

1336

1337

1406

1447

1456

1505

1603

1615

1624

1628

1640

1800

1802

1804

1837

1934

1937

1941

1955

1957

2053

2114

2119

2129

213^

2155

2230

2257

2302

2316

Panama

Reykjavik

Leningrad

Moscow

Madras

Mexico

Chicago

Reykjavik

Oslo

Kiev

Baghdad

Los Angeles

London

Madagascar Island

Vancouver

Lisbon

Johannesburg

Coral Harbor

Leek Harbor

Adelaide

October 27

Place

Dillingham

Halifax

Pernambuco

Perth, Australia

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Detroit

Caracas

Kwangchow

Nanking

Chenyang

Monterrey

Santiago

Calcutta

Ulan Bator

Anadyr

Madagascar Island

Karachi

Alma-Ata

Dutch Harbor

Cape Town

Baghdad

Omsk

Magadan

Bata, Africa

Istanbul

Moscow

Kirov

Nikolayev

Algiers

Milan

Berlin

Leningrad

Vladivostok

Tokyo

Buenos Aires

Glasgow

Archangel

Taiyuang

Wuhan

Melbourne

La Paz

Archangel

Karaganda

Bangkok

Satellite

Time

0848

0902

0919

0958

1030

IO38

1047

1148

1101

1153

1217

1236

1322

1329

1444

1458

1502

1517

I615

1634

1639

1650

1801

1812

1815

1816

1827

1945

1947

1949

1950

2004

2007

2059

2123

2129

2141

2143

2204

2239

2305

2111

2323

al

October 28

Place

San Jose

Reykjavik

Leningrad

Moscow

Bombay

Chicago

Reykjavik

Oslo

Kiev

Baghdad

Baghdad

Los Angeles

Leek Harbor

London

Paris

Madagascar Island

Kanortalik

Lisbon

Lagos

Port Elizabeth

Coral Harbor

Adelaide

Time

0021

0037

0043

0044

OO57

0205

0214

0218

0222

0227

0227

im0355

0356

0419

0526

0544

0557

0659

0801
224 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS YOLI

Table ».— Predlctlona issued Oct. 27, 1957 Table 5.— Predlctlona lasued Oct. 28, 1957

Satellite 1957 al

October 29 October 30

Place Tine Place Time

Satellite 1957

October 28

Place

Dutch Harbor

Pernambuco

Albany

PetropavlovakKamchatsky

Detroit

Caracas

Saigon

Shenyang

Khabarovsk;

Magadan

Denver

Santiago

Calcutta

Lanachow

Ulan Bator

Chita

Anadyr

Tierra del Puego

Madagascar

Alma-Ata

Vllyuiak

Dutch Harbor

Capetown

Onak

Magadan

Bata

Ankara

Moacow

Kazan

Kurile Islands

Algiers

Vienna

Leningrad

Vladivostok

Tokyo

Wellington

Rio de Janeiro

London

Archangel

Ulan Bator

Melbourne

Archangel

Ctaak

Bangkok

Albany

San Joae

Reykjavik

Leningrad

Moacow

Madras

Mexico

Chicago

Reykjavik

Kiev

Baghdad

Loa Angelea

London

Rome

Vancouver

Madrid

Johannesburg

Pearl Harbor

Adelaide

al

Time

0827

0900

0938

1001

1019

1028

1125

1134

1136

1138

1154

1217

1303

1307

1310

1311

1318

1359

1425

1443

1449

1458

1556

1620

1631

1738

1748

1754

1755

1810

1922

1925

1931

1946

1949

2011

2040

2103

2110

2119

2144

2247

2252

2304

2318

2358

0018

0024

0025

OO37

0135

0142

0155

0202

0207

0314

0335

0338

0452

0514

0532

0638

0738

Dutch Harbor

Tokyo

PetropavlovakKamchatsky

Rio de Janeiro

Shenyang

Khabarovsk

Santiago

Hanchow

Chita

Tierra del Puego

Alma-Ata

Krasnoyarsk

Askhabad

Omsk

Ankara

Rostov

Moscow

Kazan

Algiers

Vienna

—ington

London

Melbourne

Newfoundland

0807

0934

0939

1018

1110

1154

1244

1248

1337

1420

1424

1552

1600

1728

1731

1732

1734

1901

1904

2040

2123

2348

Table 6.—Predictions

October 30

Place

Dilllngham

Kemp Land

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Rio de Janeiro

Pyongyang

Vladivostok

Khabarovsk

Magadan

Santiago

Hanchow

(Batotou)

Erlian

Ulan Bator

Chita

Kyzyl

Ashkhabad

Aralsk

Omsk

Ankara

Rostov

Kazan

Tunis

Vienna

Moscow

Wellington

London

Oslo

Kalgoorlie

Newfoundland

Chicago

Los Angeles

Winnipeg

Madagascar

Vancouver

Port Elizabeth

Kemp Land

Dutch Harbor

issued Oct. 29, 1957

Satellite 1957 al

Time

0747

(0839)

0919

0956

1057

1049

1051

1055

1133

1221

1223

1224

1225

1227

1400

1530

1534

1537

1705

1708

1711

1838

1841

1846

1927

2017

2022

2233

2325

October 31

Place

Chicago

San Francisco

Winnipeg

Vancouver

Pretoria

Kemp Land

Dutch Harbor

0121

0253

0259

O336

0431

0514

0702

0742

Time

0058

0231

0237

0412

0450

0639

0719
NO. io SOVIET PREDICTIONS AND INFORMATION 225

Table 7. — Predictions lBsued Oct. 30, 1957 Table 9.— Predictions issued Nov. 1, 1957

Satellite 1957 al

October 31

Place

Kemp Land

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Rio de Janeiro

Vladivostok

Klamusze (China)

Magadan

Buenos Aires

Peking

Erllan

Ulan Bator

Chita

Tierra del Puego

Alma-Ata

Krasnoyarsk

Ashkhabad

Omsk

Ankara

Stalingrad

Perm

Rome

Budapest

Moscow

Wellington.

London

Stockholm

Canberra

Melbourne

Table 8.—Predictions Issued Oct. 31, 1957

Satellite 1957 al

November 1 November 2

Time

0815

O854

0933

1025

1026

1032

1110

1200

1201

1202

1203

1250

1332

1338

1507

1513

1641

1644

1649

1817

1819

1823

190?

1954

1958

2036

2212

November 1

Place

Detroit

Ottawa

Winnipeg

Seattle

Port Elizabeth

Capetown

Time

0034

OO35

0213

O345

0427

0603

November

Place

Graham Land

Port Elizabeth

Alma-Ata

Novosibirsk

Tbilisi

Stalingrad

Kuibyshev

Belgrade

Budapest

Kiev

Moscow

Wellington

Marseilles

Paris

London

Berlin

Copenhagen

Sydney

Orkney Islands

Adelaide

Melbourne

Albany

Ottawa

Quebec

Prederlkshaab

Table 10.-

Satellite 1957 al

November 3

Time Place Time

Winnipeg

Lake Harbor

Seattle

Fort Praser

Pretoria

Port Elizabeth

Capetown

Dutch Harbor

011Q

0124

0252

0255

0333

0335

05P

0602

Table 10.— Predictions Issued Nov. 2, 1957

Satellite 1957 al

November 3 November 4

Place Time Place Time

Place Time Place Time

Dutch Harbor

Kurlle Islands

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Montevideo

Shenyang

Vladivostok

Mutankiang, Harbin,

Chiamsu

Khabarovsk

Magadan

Buenos Aires

Peking, Tientsin,

Chlnchow

Hailar, Shlwei

Chita

Yakutsk

Tierra del Puego

Alma-Ata

Bratsk

Aralsk

Ctnsk

Ankara

Stalingrad

Perm

Naples

Budapest

Moscow

Wellington

Lisbon

London

Oslo

Sydney

Faroe Islands

Kalgoorlle

Newfoundland

Reykjavik

Augusta

0657

0825

O83O

0910

0950

1000

1001

1002

1007

1045

1134

1136

II38

1140

1225

1307

1314

1443

1448

1616

1619

1623

1750

1753

1757

1837

1927

1930

1932

2101

2107

2143

2235

2243

2319

New York

Prederlkshaab

Denver

Winnipeg

Lake Harbor

Seattle

Johannes burg

Dease Lake

Capetown

0009

0017

0142

0145

0151

0318

0359

0458

0537

Carcross

Kemp Land

PetropavlovskKamchataky

Montevideo

Chiamussu, Harbin

(Hutow)

(Tunuhsien)

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Buenos Aires

(Taonan) Harbin

(Hailar, Mergen)

(Huma)

Agadan

Tierra del Puego

Urumchi, (Qucheng)

Ulan Bator

Kyzyl

Yakutsk

Graham Land

(Chuguchak)

Omsk

Tomsk

Astrakhan

Chakalov

Sverdlovsk

Budapest

Kiev

Warsaw

Moscow

Kirov

Wellington

Paris

Berlin

Copenhagen

Tallinn

Petrozavodsk

Sydney

Glasgow

Oslo

0607

0656

0734

0817

O9O7

O9O0

0912

0951

1042

1043

1044

1048

1130

1214

1216

1217

1223

1311

1350

1353

135*

1524

1525

1658

1659

1701

1702

1703

1743

1832

1836

1837

1838

1840

1915

2011

2013

Winnipeg

Port Harrison

Reykjavik

Vancouver

(Athabaska)

Vancouver

Fort Praser

Capetown

Dutch Harbor

November 3

(continued)

Place

Adelaide

Melbourne

Newfoundland

Faroes

Augusta

Kanortallk

Reykjavik

0049

OO54

0101

0223

0226

0358

0410

0440

0532

Time

2049

2050

2140

2148

2224

2320

2303
226 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 11.—Predictions laaued Nov. 3, 1957

November 3

Place Time

Melbourne 2043

Pearl Harbor 2121

Kemp Land 2213

(Cowderly) 2230

Ottawa 23H

Washington 2312

Rio de

Janeiro 2335

Satellite 1957

November 4

Place

Jakarta

Pus an

Vladivostok

Daws on

Quito

Santiago

Rangoon

Chengtu

Lanchow

Ulan Bator

Los Angeles

Madagascar

Delhi

Alma-Ata

Krasnoyarsk

Baghdad

Omsk

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Athens

Kharkov

Moscow

Nlkolayevsk

Madrid

Berlin

Leningrad

Ulan-Ude

Shenyang,

Chanchun

Pyongyang

Wellington

Buenos Aires

Oslo

Archangel

Lanchow

Chungking,

Chengtu

Melbourne

Sverdlovsk

Alma-Ata

Lhasa

Rangoon

Bandung

Washington

Reykjavik

Stockholm

Moscow

Makhach-Kala

Teheran

Winnipeg

Glasgow

Berlin

Cairo

Addis Ababa

Vancouver

Madrid

Freetown

Melbourne

Halifax

Pernambuco

Tokyo

Pe tropavlovskKamchatsky

Detroit

Caracas

Beta

Time

0019

0032

0034

0047

0110

0121

0211

0215

0216

0219

0243

0343

0358

0402

0406

0543

0549

0602

0728

0731

0733

0747

0909

0916

0919

0930

0934

0935

1005

1035

1104

1105

1121

1123

1147

1256

1301

1306

1311

1318

1423

1433

1438

l44l

1445

1447

1603

1624

1626

1633

1641

1754

I8l4

2008

2056

2139

2158

2301

2306

2324

2335

November

Place

Kwangchow

Nanking

Shenyang

Magadan

Mexico

Santiago

Madras

Calcutta

Ulan Bator

Kabul

Alma-Ata

Barnaul

Windhoek

Baghdad

Tbilisi

5

Time

0041

0043

0047

0053

0116

0134

0223

0225

0232

0412

0414

O4l8

0539

0556

0558

Satellite 1957 al

November

Place

Carcross

Kemp Land

Aleutians

Daws on

Khabarovsk

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Montevideo

Tsltsikar

MallunTunuslany

Okhotsk

Tierra del

Fuego

Ulan Bator

Irkutsk

Graham Land

Chuguchak

Karaganda

Krasnoyarsk

Stalingrad

Chkalov

Chelyabinsk

Budapest

Kiev

Moscow

Kirov

Wellington

Paris

London

Berlin

Tallinn

Leningrad

Canberra

Glasgow

Oslo

Adelaide

Melbourne

Faroe Islands

Albany

Reykjavik

4 November 5

Time Place Time

0537 Fort Harrison 0024

0627 Fort Nelson 0158

O7O6 Fort Fraser 0330

0713

0839

0842

0923

1013

1018

1101

1147

1149

1241

1321

1322

1325

1455

1456

1458

1628

1630

1633

1634

1714

1803

1804

1806

1808

1809

1846

1941

1943

2020

2022

2119

2155

2252
SOVIErr PREDICTION© AN© INPORMATIOlNr

Table 12.—Predictions Issued Nov. 4, 1957

227

Satellite 1957 pi

November 5 November 6

Place Time Place

Chkalov

Chelyabinsk

Vllyulsk

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Graham Land

Tripoli

Bucharest and

Belgrade

Kiev

Moscow

Khabarovsk

Sapporo

Tierra del Fuego

Rio de Janeiro

Lisbon

Paris

London

Stockholm

Archangel

Chan Chung-tian

Chin

(Dalian)

Moresby

Sydney

Santiago

Belomorsk

Barnaul

Iuimyn

Chendu, Chuntsin

Hanoi

Panama

Reykjavik

Petrozavodsk

Tashkent

Delhi

Detroit

Prederlkshaab

Oslo

Kiev

Yerevan

Baghdad

Los Angeles

Port Nelson

London

Naples

Mozambique

Wellington

Vancouver

Lisbon

Capetown

Carcross

Moresby

Dawson

Quebec

Portaleza

Tokyo

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Chicago

0600

0601

0609

0614

070s

0738

0742

0743

0745

0000

0802

0854

0906

0924

0926

0927

0930

0933

0945

0946

1003

1011

1046

1119

1126

1130

1134

1136

1242

1259

1306

1313

1318

1436

1443

1450

1454

1458

1500

1617

1624

I636

1641

1700

1736

1806

1825

1850

1953

2116

2139

2150

2207

2312

23l8

2335

Montevideo

Bangkok

Chansha

Wuhan

Okhotsk

Seattle

Mexico

Madras

Haml

Irkutsk

Ugolnaya

Yakutsk

Tashkent

Novosibirsk

Graham Land

Cairo

Stalingrad

Kuibyshev

Yakutsk

Tunis

Budapest

Time Place

0002

0049

0054

0055

0104

0118

0127

0233

0242

0246

0255

0249

0426

0429

0529

O6O5

0610

0612

0622

0751

0754

Satellite 1957 cd

November 5 November 6

Tine Place Time

Carcross

Aleutian Islands

Georgetown

Pe tropavlovskKamchatstcy

Ugolnaya

Huma Ikon Honyan

Magadan

Tierra del Puego

Ulan-Ude

Yakutsk

Barnaul

Rasnoyarsk

Chkalov

Chelyabinsk

Kursk

Moscow

Kirov

Berlin

Riga

Leningrad

Petrozavodsk

Wellington

Dublin

Glasgow

Melbourne

Paroe Islands

Portland

Battle Harbor

Reykjavik

Port Harrison

Prederikshaab

0504

0634

O638

0808

0812

0942

0945

IO28

1116

1120

1251

1252

1423

1424

1557

1558

1559

1730

1732

1733

1734

1813

1905

1906

1946

2043

2120

2212

2217

2347

2350

Port E Nelson

Lake Harbor

Port Praser

Port Nelson

Kemp Land

Carcross

Kemp Land

Dllllnghan

Georgetown

Dawson

Kemp Land

Ust-Kamchatsk

Ugolnaya

Mar del Plata

0122

0125

0255

0256

0345

0431

0521

0604

0607

O656

0737

0739

0817
228 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 13.--Predictions Issued Nov. 5, 1957

Place

Satellite 1957 pi

November 6 November 7

Time Place Time

Warsaw

Moscow

Tokyo

—

____

— Bator

Tientsin, Peking

, Shanghai

La Paz

Faroe Islands

Archangel

Chauguchak

Urumchl

Lhasa

Saigon

Jakarta

San Jose

Reykjavik

Petrozavodsk

Kabul

Bombay

Mexico City

Chicago

Frederikshaab

Oslo

Warsaw

Damascus, Baghdad

Los Angeles

Port Nelson

London

Paris

Tripoli

Wellington

Port Praser

Arka

Capetown

Sydney

(Carcross?)

Battle Harbor

Moresby

Dawson

Ottawa

New York

Rio de Janeiro

Manila

Tokyo

Shelton

Kansas City

Panama

0756

0758

ftHl O UOlc

0816 0843

0939

0955

0958

1000

1102

1127

1132

1139

1141

1145

1151

1157

1252

1312

1318

1328

1332

1442

1448

1455

1502

1505

1511

1628

1637

1649

1650

1655

1750

1819

1849

1902

1936

2005

2016

2127

2152

2202

2203

2225

2317

2325

2336

2342

2358

Buenos Aires

Rangoon

Kunming

Chungking, Chengtu

Okhotsk

Georgetown

San Francisco

Bombay

Delhi

Irkutsk

Yakutsk

Dutch Harbor

Johannesburg

Addis Ababa

Ashkhabad

Magadan

Graham Land

Alexandria

Rostov

Saratov

Nikolayevsk-onAmur

Apia

Preetown

Genoa

Vienna

0014

0103

0105

0107

0117

0124

OI32

0248

0250

0257

0301

0310

0416

0427

0436

0542

O6l8

0623

0624

O638

0701

0754

O8O6

0807

Satellite 1957 cd

November 6 November 7

Place Time Place

Port Nelson

Lake Harbor

Port Fraser

Coral Harbor

Caracas

Fort Ray

Kemp Land

Dillingham

Daws on

Ugolnaya

Kemp Land

Magadan

Penzhino

Tierra del Fuego

Aldan

Graham Land

Krasnoyarsk

Vilyuisk

Graham Land

Chelyabinsk

Moscow

Perm

Vilyuisk

Leningrad

Petrazavodsk

Kotlas

Wellington

Glasgow

Oslo

Archangel

Melbourne

Faroe Islands

Reykjavik

Frederiskhaab

0833

0912

0915

0955

1046

1134

1218

1221

1310

1350

1525

1526

1659

1700

1701

1702

1740

1832

1834

I838

1913

2009

2144

2316

Time

0048

0052

0221

0226

0357

0530

0533

0705
SOVIDT PREMCnONS AND INFORMATION

Table 14.—Predictions Issued Nov. 6, 1957

229

November 7

Place

Warsaw

Leningrad

Tokyo

Wellington

Montevideo

Glasgow

Archangel

Kyzyl

Wuhan

Kuanchow

Melbourne

Georgetown

Faroe Islands

Sverdlovsk

Alma-Ata

Lhasa

Singapore

San Salvador

Washington and

New York

Reykjavik

Helsinki

Moscow

Astrakhan

Ashkhabad

San Jose

Minneapolis

Port Harrison

Copenhagen

Berlin

Bucharest

Beirut

San Francisco

Coral Harbor

Barcelona

Tunis

Fort Nelson

Sydney

Dutch Harbor

Daws on

Kemp Land

Kalgoorlie

Fort Ray

Washington

Sao Paulo

Bandung

Seoul

Vladivostok

Khabarovsk

Ugolnaya

Shelton

San Antonio

Satellite

Time

O8O5

O8O0

0825

0853

0923

0949

0955

1003

1010

1012

1034

1119

1136

1145

1149

1154

1204

1305

1312

1321

1326

1328

1331

1334

1451

1457

1501

1512

1513

1516

1520

1639

1647

1700

1702

1829

1945

2011

2015

2113

2129

2203

2212

2234

2319

2333

2334

2336

2343

2345

2359

1957 PI

November 8

Place

San Jose

Santiago

Camilla

Lanchow

Ulan Bator

Chita

Georgetown

Los Angeles

Tierra del Fuego

Hyderabad

Chuguchak

Vilyuisk

Dutch Harbor

Graham Land

Capetown

Baghcac:

Omsk

Magadan

Athens

Kharkhov

Moscow

Nlkolayevsk-onAmur

Freetown

Time

0006

0021

0113

0116

0119

0120

0131

0141

0212

0256

0303

0309

O318

0405

04&2

0442

0448

0459

0627

O63O

0632

0645

0802

Satellite 1957 al

November 7 November 8

Place

Magadan

Anadyr

Tierra del Fuego

Aldan

Selmchan

Tierra del Fuego

Graham Land

Krasnoyarsk

Yakutsk

Graham Land

Tomsk

Vilyulsk

Kazan

Perm

Moscow and

Leningrad

Syktyvkar

Wellington

Copenhagen

Oslo

Helsinki

Archangel

Hobart, Australia

Faroe Islands

Melbourne

Reykjavik

Albany

Frederlkshaab

Time Place Time

38

0920

1011

1014

1055

IO59

1143

1147

1235

1317

1322

1450

1451

1625

1627

1705

1758

1759

1800

1802

1839

1934

2013

2108

2146

2241

Port Nelson

Lake Harbor

Coral Harbor

Fort Nelson

Fort Ray

Dillingham

Kennecott

Kemp Land

Fairbanks

460132 O—58
230 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 15.—Predictions Issued Nov. 7, 1957

Place

Satellite 1957 61

November 8 November 9

Time Place Time

Satellite 1957 <xl

November 8 November 9

Place Time Place

Berlin

Leningrad,

Helsinki

Changchun

Shenyang

Rosarlo

Glasgow

Oslo

Archangel

Omsk, Novosibirsk

Wanchow

Slan

Kwangchow

Melbourne

Caracas

Petrozavodsk

Chelyabinsk

Frunze

Calcutta

Washington

Reykjavik

Stockholm

Tallinn

Moscow

Teheran

Port Harrison

Berlin

Vienna, Budapest

Belgrade

Cairo

Addis Ababa

Vancouver

Madrid

Johannesburg

Freetown

Dawson

Pernambuco

Kemp Land

Fairbanks

Washington

Kwangchow

Nanking, Shanghai

Changchun

Khabarovsk

Magadan

Shelton

0815

0818

0832

0833

0933

0959

1002

1005

1011

1018

1019

1022

1044

1129

1152

1156

1200

1206

1322

1331

1336

1337

1339

1345

1512

1524

1525

1526

1530

1538

1652

1710

1734

1905

2024

2054

2123

2210

2222

2330

2341

2344

2346

2349

2354

Santiago

Lhasa

Ulan Bator

Aldan

Graham Land

Stallnabad

Frunze

Krasnoyarsk

Vllyulsk

Baghdad

Makhachkala

Magnltogo

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Tripoli

Bucharest

Kiev

Moscow

Syktyvkar

Kcuacnolsk-naAmure

Tlerra del Fuego

0030

0123

0129

0133

0229

0310

0311

0315

0319

0452

0454

0458

0511

0635

0639

0640

064i

0644

O656

0750

Magadan

Aldan

Tierra del Fuego

Vllyulsk

Graham Land

Tomsk

Sverdlovsk, Perm

Yaroslav

Vologda

Stockholm

Helsinki,

Leningrad

Archangel

Abergln

Bergen

Reykjavik

Kanortallk

Reykjavik

Port Harrison

Lake Harbor

O8O3

0936

1020

1112

1200

1242

1416

1549

1550

1724

1725

1727

1857

I858

2033

2205

2207

2338

2340

Coral Harbor

Fort Nelaon

Kennecott

Kemp Land

Georgetown

Fairbanks

Time

0114

0245

0419

050?

055*

0555

Table 16.--Predictions issued Nov. 8. 1957

Satellite 1957 pi

November 9

Place

Paris

Hamburg

Stockholm

Helsinki

Petrozavodsk

Shenyang

Moresby

Santiago

Archangel

Barnaul

Urumchl

Kunming

Tashkent

Delhi

Detroit

Frederlkshaab (sic)

Oslo

Riga

Minsk

Time

0822

0824

0826

0827

O828

0841

O859

0941

1014

1020

1023

1029

1208

1212

1331

1337

1344

1346

1347

November 10

Place

Ugolnaya

Mexico City

Tlerra del Fuego

Madras

Irkutsk

Yakutsk

Graham Land

Tashkent

Sealpalatlnsk

Barnaul

Cairo

Beirut

Astrakhan

Chkalov

Sverdlovsk

Vllyulsk

Naples

Belgrade

Lvov

Time

0001

0019

0046

0128

0138

0142

0236

0319

0321

0322

0458

05OO

0503

0505

0507

0514

0545

0647

0648

Satellite 1957 al

November 9 Novembei 10

Place Time Place

Okhotsk

Tlerra del Fuego

Yakutsk

Graham Land

Vilyulsk

Nlzhnly Tae11

Kirov

Stockholm

Helsinki

Petrozavodsk

Hamilton

(New Zealand)

Orkney Islands

Faroe Islands

Reykjavik

Frederlkshaab

O859

0943

1034

1121

1209

1333

1513

1646

1647

1648

1727

1819

1955

2129

2302

Coral Harbor

Port Smith

Carcross

Kemp Land

Georgetown

Dawson

Ugolnaya

Time

OO36

0207

0341

0431

0514

0516

0649
SOVIET pRBracnoNS ANJD INFORMATION 231

Table 16.--Predictions laaued

Nov. b", 1957 (continued)

Satellite 1957 £1

November 9 November 10

Place Time Place

Yerevan

Los Angeles

Reykjavik

London

Trieste

Madagascar

Vancouver

Fort Praser

Lisbon

Port Elizabeth

Kemp Land

Georgetown

Dawson

Tokyo

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Chicago

Montevideo

Hanoi

Wuhan

Tientsin

Changchun

Okhotsk

1352

1511

1527

1531

1534

1557

1700

1702

1720

1745

1944

2031

2033

2206

2212

2229

2255

2346

2349

2351

2353

2357

Moscow

Khabarovsk

Time Place

O65O

0704

Satellite 1957 ol

November 9 November 10

Time Place Time

Table 17.—Predictions Issued Nov. 9, 1957

Satellite 1957 Bl

Date unknown

Place

Tunis

Bratislava

Krakow

Warsaw

Vilnyus

Moscow

Blagoveshchensk

Vladivostok

Tokyo

November 11

Place

London

Oslo

Canberra

Faroe Islands

Archangel

Reykjavik

Coral Harbor

Capetown

Kennecott

Kemp Land

Dawson

Rio de Janeiro

Shelton

Buenos Aires

(?)

Time

0653

0655

O656

0657

O658

0659

0712

0714

0717

Table

Satellite

Time

O838

0841

0923

1025

1030

1210

1722

1800

1902

2001

2048

2121

2232

2310

November 10

Place

Magadan

Anadir

Yakutsk

Graham Land

Vilyuisk

Kirov

Leningrad

Petrozavedsk

Oslo

Archangel

Faroe Islands

Kanortalik

Reykjavik

Frederikshaab

Lake Harbor

Satellite

Time

0820

0823

0955

1042

1130

1433

1607

1608

1741

1743

1915

2048

2050

2222

2356

18.—Predictions issued Nov.

1957 Bl

November 12

Place

Ugolnaya

Kyzyl

Graham Land

Omsk

Benza

Perm

Riga

Leningrad

Wellington

Time

0016

0151

0251

0336

0519

0521

0705

0704

0748

1957 cd

November 11

Place

Coral Harbor

Carcross

Kemp Land

Dlllingham

Dawson

Fairbanks

Magadan

Nadir

10, 1957

Satellite 1957

November 11

Place

Yakutsk

Graham Land

Vilyuisk

Kondlnskoye

Berezovo

Belomorsk

Archangel

Faroe Islands

Reykjavik

Frederikshaab

Lake Harbor

Time

0129

0300

0315

0433

0436

O6O9

0739

0742

ol

Time

0914

1001

1049

1353

1530

1702

1703

1833

2007

2140

2315
232 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 19.--Predictions Issued Nov. 11, 1957

VOL.2

ellit*

Time

0846

0848

1033

1212

1217

1357

1543

1640

1654

1725

1838

1906

2008

2023

2055

2239

i 1957 Bl

November

Place

Chita

Verkhne Kolymsk

Kyzyl

Bratsk

Vllyulsk

Graham Land

Capetown

Omsk

Moscow

Kirov

Berlin

Helsinki

Petrozavodsky

Buenos Aires

Table 20

13

Time

0015

0021

0159

0200

0204

0300

0316

0342

0525

0527

O7O8

0711

0712

0826

November

Place

Vilyuisk

Graham Land

Tura

Surgut

Syktyvkar

Archangel

Faroe Islands

Reykjavik

(Prederikshaab)

Lake Harbor

.—Predictions issued Nov.

Satellite

12

Time

1006

1054

1140

1311

1444

1619

1750

1924

2057

2230

13, 1957

1957 cd

November 13

Place

Coral Harbor

Port Ray

Dawson

Kemp Land

Georgetown

Fairbanks

Ugolnaya

Shelton

Seimchan

Time

0004

0136

0309

0359

0442

0443

0616

0618

0749

November 12

Place

Glasgow

Oslo

Faroe Islands

Battle Harbor

Reykjavik

Port Harrison

Coral Harbor

Mlrcqi

Wellington

Fort Ray

Melbourne

Dutch Harbor

Kemp Land

Albany

Dawson

Shelton

Satellite 1957 Bl

November 14 November 15

Place Time Place

Faroe Islands

Belomorsk

Reykjavik

Prederikshaab

Lake Harbor

Wellington

Coral Harbor

Mirny

Canberra

Carcross

Dillingham

Dawson

Kemp Land

Shelton

Magadan

Anadyr

Satellite 1957 al

November 14 November 15

Time Place Time Place

0900

0905

1044

1227

1410

1521

1556

1653

1716

1736

1919

1922

2020

2105

2247

2249

Yakutsk

Krasnoyarsk

Tyumen

Surgut

Turukhan

Graham Land

Yaroslav

Kotlas

Tierra del Puego

Stockholm

Kholmogory

Table 21.

0030

0211

0354

0356

0358

0458

0537

0539

0645

0721

0724

Yakutsk

Anadyr

Georgetown

Tierra del Puego

Graham Land

Vilyuisk

Irpy

Tura

Seimchan

Kodinskoye

Yakutsk

Petrozavodsk

Vereshchagino

Oslov

Belomorsk

Beryozov

Faroe Islands

Archangel

Syktyvkar

Reykjavik

Varsa

Petrozavodsk

Frederikshaab

Amajuak

Coral Harbor

—Predictions issued Nov. 14,

0826

O831

0833

0910

0913

1000

1005

1133

II38

1305

1311

1437

1443

1610

1612

1616

1743

1747

1749

1916

1921

1922

2049

2221

2355

1957

Time

Simpson

Lake Harbor

Kennecott

Dawson

Fort Ray

Penzhino

Fairbanks

Seimchan

Anadyr

Georgetown

0126

0132

0300

0435

0438

O6O5

O6O9

0738

0742

0744

Satellite 1957 Bl Satellite 1957 al

November 15 November 16 November 15 November 16

Place Time Place Time Place Time Place

Faroe Islands 0904 Yakutsk OO33

Belomorsk 0908 Tomsk 0213

Reykjavik 1048 Vilyuisk 0218

Prederikshaab 1231 Graham Land 0314

Amadjuak I4l4 Peru 0357

Wellington 1524 Vereshchagino 0401

Tierra del Puego

Penzhino

Ugolnaya

Seimchan

Vilyuisk

Yakutsk

0820

0915

0916

1048

1221

1222

Amajuak

Frederikshaab

Coral Harbor

Kengua

Fort Ray

Dawson

Time

0040

0042

0214

0215

0347

0519
SOVIET PREDICTION'S AND INFORMATION" 233

Table 21.—Predictions Issued

Nov. 14, 1957 (continued;

Satellite 1957 pi

November 15 November 16

Place

Port Nelson

Coral Harbor

Hobart

Carcross

Georgetown

Fairbanks

Kemp Land

Ugolnaya

Shelton

Okhotsk

Seimchan

Markovo

Time Place Time

Satellite 1957 al

November 15 November 16

Place Time Place

1554

1559

1706

1740

1923

1924

2021

2107

2109

2248

2250

2252

Tura

Yaroslav

Tierra del Fuego

Oslo

Belomorsk

Archangel

0402

0540

0649

0724

0727

0728

Okhotsk

Vereshchagino

Tura

Harampur

Archangel

Kkonginskee

Belomorsk

Petrozavodsk

Helsinki

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Table 22.—Predictions Issued Nov.

1223

1352

1353

I658

1659

I831

1832

2006

2135

2137

2138

15, 1957

Simpson

Shelton

Kennecott

Time

Satellite 1957 pi

November 16 November 17

Place Time Place

Satellite 1957 al

November 16 November 17

Time Place Time Place Time

Faroe Islands

Tinea (Sweden)

Kanorthalik

Reykjavik

Frederikshaab

Amajuak

Wellington

Fort Ray

Coral Harbor

Hobart

Kennecott

Georgetown

Fairbanks

Daws on

Ugolnaya

Shelton

Okhotsk

Seimchan

Anadyr

0908

0911

1050

1052

1235

1419

1529

1600

1603

1711

1743

1926

1928

1929

2110

2112

2251

2253

2256

Vilyuisk

Tura

Graham Land

Solikamsk

Vereshchagino

Leningrad

Petrozavodsk

Tierra del Fuego

Oslo

Belomorsk

Archangel

0037

0220

0318

0401

0405

0544

0545

0652

0727

0730

0731

Ugolnaya

Graham Land

Seimchan

Vilyuisk

Magadan

Vereshchagino

Stalino

Archangel

Kindinskoye

Belomorsk

Syktyvkar

Vaasa

Helsinki

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Reykjavik

Frederikshaab

0824

0906

0957

1128

1131

1300

1426

16O5

1608

1738

1740

1912

1914

2044

2046

2217

2350

Coral Harbor

Lake Harbor

Fairbanks

Dawson

Fort Ray

Shelton

Kennecott

Carcross

Anadyr

Georgetown

Tierra del Fuego

0121

0122

0424

0425

0427

0557

0600

0601

0730

0732

0809

Table 23.—Predictions Issued Nov. 16, 1957

Satellite 1957 PI

November 17 November 18

Place Time Place

Reykjavik

Frederikshaab

Coral Harbor

Amad jauk

Wellington

Port Ray

Hobart

Melbourne

Dawson

Fairbanks

Ugolnaya

Shelton

Seimchan

1056

1238

1421

1422

1532

1604

1715

1716

1747

1931

2113

2115

2256

Satellite 1957 al

November 17 November 18

Time Place Time Place

Coral Harbor

Amadjauk

(Klrgua?)

Fort Ray

Fairbanks

Dawson

Anadyr

Georgetown

Cordoba

Tierra del Fuego

Ugolnaya

Graham Land

Vilyuisk

Turya

Graham Land

Vereshchagino

Tierra del Fuego

Bahla Blanaca

Vaasa

Archangelsk

0039

0223

0321

0407

0654

0700

0731

0733

(Penzhlno)

Graham Land

Vilyuisk

Seimchan

Tura

Irkutsk

Vereshchagino

Kondinskoye

Archangel

Syktyvkar

Vaasa

Petrozavodsk

Oslo

Reykjavik

Frederikshaab

0902

0946

1032

1035

1205

1207

1339

1511

1842

1644

1816

1817

1950

2120

2253

Time

0024

0025

0159

1330

0501

0502

0632

0635

06 36

0712

0807

0849
234 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 24.—Predictions Issued Nov. 17, 1957

Satellite 1957 pi

November 18 November 19

Place Time Place

Belomorsk

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Coral Harbor

Wellington

Aaadjuak

Lake Harbor

Melbourne

Dawson

Fairbanks

Dawson

Anadir

(Shelton)

Selnchan

Ugolnaya

Satellite 1957 pi

November 20 November 21

Place Time Place

Time

Satellite 1957 al

November 18 November 19

Place Time Place Time

0918

1058

1246

1423

153*

1610

1611

1718

1749

1934

1935

2116

2118

2259

2302

.Vllyulak

(penzriino)

Tura

Turukhansk

Harampur

Tierra del Fuego

Bahla Blanca

Vaasa

BelonorBk

Archangel

Kondlnskoe

Table 25.

0041

0047

0225

0409

0554

0656

0702

0733

0735

0736

0739

Selmchan

Vllyuisk

Yakutsk

Magadan

Tura

Harampur

Archangel

Kondlnskoe

Belomorsk

Syktyvkar

Helsinki

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Amadjuak

Frederlkshaab

—Predictions Issued Nov. 19,

0939

1110

1111

1113

1243

1415

1547

1549

1719

1721

1854

2023

2025

2026

2328

2330

1957

Coral Harbor

Lake Harbor

Dawson

Fairbanks

Kennecott

Anadir

Georgetown

Tierra del Fuego

Graham Land

0101

0102

0404

0537

0536

0708

0710

0747

0751

Satellite 1957 al

November 20 November 21

Time Place Time Place

Petrozavodsk

Dombas

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Wellington

Frederlkshaab

Coral Harbor

Amadjauk

Portland

Fort Ray

Kennecott

Anadyr

Ugolnaya

0925

1107

1250

2151

1355

1433

1615

1616

1722

1942

2125

2306

2307

Selmchan

Vilyulsk

Yakutsk

Tura

Tierra del Fuego

Harampur

Valdlvia

S. America

Archangel

TroitskoPecherskoye

0050

0232

0233

0415

0517

0559

0706

0741

0742

(Berelekh)

Vllyuisk

Yakutsk

Okhotsk

Vereshchagino

Aldan

Laryak

Boguchany

Archangel

TroitskoPecherskoye

Tobolsk

Belomorsk

Syktyvkar

Perm

Helsinki

Leningrad

Moscow

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Copenhagen

Glasgow

Amad Jauk

Frederlkshaab

(Kanortalik)

Time

Coral Harbor

Port Nelson

Dawson

Fairbanks

Kennecott

(Dis Lake)

Tierra del Fuego

Anadyr

Dlllingham

Kamenskoye

Graham Land

0030

0204

0333

0505

0506

0508

0542

O636

0639

0810

O854

Table 26.—Predictions Issued Nov. 20, 1957

Satellite 1957 pi

November 21 November 22

Place Time Place

Satellite 1957 al

November 21 November 22

• Time Place

Petrozavodsk

Faroe Islands

Oslo

Reykjavik

Wellington

Frederlkshaab

Hobart

0926

1108

1109

1250

1355

1433

1537

Selmchan

Vilyuisk

Yakutsk

Graham Land

Vereshchagino

Tierra del Fuego

Montevideo

0051

0232

0233

0329

0415

0517

0523

Berelyakh

Magadan

Ust-Kamchatsk

Vilyulsk

Yakutsk

Okha

Vereshchagino

0943

0944

0945

1113

1114

1117

1245

Port Harrison

Battle Harbor

Kemp Land

Fort Ray

Port Nelson

Carcross

Athabaska

Time

0101

0104

0145

0230

0233

0403

0406
PRMMOTLONiS AND INFORMATION 235

Table 26.—Predictions issued

Nov. 20, 1957 (contlnuedT

Satellite 1957 PI

November 21 November 22

Place

Coral Harbor

Lake Harbor

Portland

Dawson

Fort Ray

She1ton

Georgetown

Kennecott

Markovo

Ugolnaya

Time Place

1616

1617

1723

1941

1943

2124

2125

2126

2307

2308

Harampur

Laryak

Archangel

Syktyvkar

0559

0600

0741

0743

Satellite 1957 al

November 21 November 22

Time Place

Mama

Chita

Wellington

Laryak

Krasnoyarsk

Kyzyl

Hobart

Archangel,

Syktyvkar

Nlzhnly Tagil

Akmlllnsk

Petrozavodsk

Leningrad

Moscow

Kuibyshev

Aktyubinsk

Oslo

Riga

Kiev

Reykjavik

Glasgow

The Hague

Luxembourg

Prederlkshaab

Amadjuak

Time

1248

1250

1319, 1418

1421

1422

1451

1549

1551

1553

1721

1722

1723

1725

1726

1854

1856

I858

2024

2027

2029

2030

2155

2327

Place Time

Georgetown

Vancouver

Tlerra del Puego

Dgolnaya

Dutch Harbor

Graham Land

0534

0539

0611

0705

0789

O749

Table 27.—Predictions Issued Nov. 21, 1957

Satellite 1957 Satellite 1957 al

November 22

Place

Petrozavodsk

Vologda

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Oslo

Wellington

Amad Juak

Frederlkshaab

Hobart

Canberra

Coral Harbor

(Olbanl)

Fort Ray

Fairbanks

Simpson

Anadyr

Georgetown

Markovo

Ugolnaya

November 23 November 22 November 23

Time Place Time Place

Berflak

Vllyulsk

Yakutsk

Vereshchaglno

Tierra del Puego

Laryak

Belomorsk

Archangel

Syktyvkar

0050

0233

0234

0416

0517

0610

0740

0741

0742

Berlyakh

Yakutsk

Okhotsk

Pe tropavlovskKamchatsky

Tura

Khabarovsk

Wellington

Laryak

Boguchany

Chita

Changchung

Sydney

TroitskoPechorskoye

Tobolek

Novosibirsk

Kyzyl

Adelaide

Melbourne

Hobart

Petrozavodsk

Korlv

Chelyabinsk

Kustanai

Frunze

Albany

Helsinki

Leningrad

Moscow

Tambov

Stalingrad

Astrakhan

Faroe Islands

Copenhagen

Berlin

Budapest

Bucharest

Dublin

Time Place

O834

1005

1007

1010

1137

1143

1210

1309

1313

1315

1339

1440

1442

1444

1446

1512

1513

1515

1611

1613

1615

1616

1619

1643

1745

1746

1747

1748

1749

1750

19ljf

1918

1919

1920

1921

2050

Quebec

Simpson

Winnipeg

Minneapolis

Montevideo

Kennecott

Fort Praser

Seattle

Santiago

(Vlllendem)

(Penzhlno)

Dutch Harbor

Graham Land

Time

0126

O253

O258

0259

0424

0427

0429

0455

0557

0726

0731

0811

November 22

(continued)

Place

London

Paris

Lyons

Fred erlkshaab

Capetown

Lake Harbor

Battle Harbor

Time

2051

2052

2053

2218

2248

2350

235*
236 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 28.--Predictions issued Nov. 22, 1957

November

Place

Helsinki

Leningrad

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Wellington

Amadjuak

Frederlkshaab

Hobart

Melbourne

Sydney

Coral Harbor

Albany

Fort Ray

Fairbanks

Dawson

Anadyr

Georgetown

Penzhlno

Ugolnaya

Table 29.

Satellite

23

Time

0925

0926

1106

1107

1108

1355

1432

1434

1537

1539

1540

1615

1721

1758

1940

1941

2122

2125

2306

2307

! 1957 01

November 24

Place

Port Elizabeth

Nlzhniy Seiehan

Vilyuisk

Yakutsk

Vereshchaglno

Tierra del Fuego

Montevideo

Belomorsk

Archangel

—Predictions Issued Nov. 23,

Time

0013

0050

0232

0233

0415

0515

0522

0739

0740

1957

Satellite 1957 PI

November 24 November 25

Place

Helsinki

Leningrad

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Wellington

AmadJuak

Frederlkshaab

Hobart

Melbourne

Sydney

Coral Harbor

Albany

Kalgoorlle

Fort Ray

Fairbanks

(Kannaks)

Anadyr

Georgetown

Penzhlno

Ugolnaya

Time Place Time

0924

0925

1105

1107

1108

1353

1430

1432

1535

1537

1539

1615

1721

1722

1757

1938

1940

2120

2123

2305

2306

Capetown

Vilyuisk

Magadan

Yakutsk

(Harampur)

Tierra del Fuego

Bahia Blanca

Buenos Aires

Jandinskoye

Belomorsk

Archangel

Syktyvkar

0012

0046

0049

0231

0412

0513

0519

0520

0556

0737

0738

0739

Satellite 1957 al

November 24 November 25

Place Time Place

Magadan

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Aldan

Bogorodskoye

Fiji Islands

Chita

(Changchen)

(Shenyang)

Kyoto

Port Moresby

Wellington

Tomsk

Kyzyl

Slan

Wuhan

Melbourne

Perm

Chelyabinsk

Alma-Ata

Lhasa

Bandung

Albany

Leningrad

Moscow

Kuibyshev

Ashkhabad

Kabul

Oslo

Copenhagen

Warsaw

Kiev

Odessa

Baghdad

Glasgow

London

Paris

Rome

Tripoli

Mozambique

Lisbon

Windhoek

Port Elizabeth

0913

0916

1044

1047

1108

1218

1220

1221

1224

1236

1246

1347

1349

1355

1356

1416

1518

1519

1523

1527

1537

1546

1648

1649

I651

1655

1657

1819

1820

1822

1823

1824

1828

1952

1953

1954

1956

1959

2013

2128

2146

2149

Time

Port Harrison

Pernambuco

Port Nelson

Detroit

Washington

Sao Paulo

Athabaska

Dallas

New Orleans

Quito

Santiago

San Francisco

Los Angeles

Tierra del Fuego

Dutch Harbor

Graham Land

Aleutian Islands

0023

0043

0155

0159

0200

0218

0326

O333

0334

0343

0352

0303

0505

0530

0628

0707

0800
©OVIETT PREDICTIONS AND INFORMATION

Table 30.—Predictions issued Nov. 24, 1957

237

Satellite 1957 Bl

November 25 November 26

Place Time Place

Helsinki

Leningrad

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Bergen

Wellington

Coral Harbor

Amadjuak

Melbourne

Sydney

Port Harrison

Albany

Port Ray

Shelton

Fairbanks

Carcross

Anadyr

Georgetown

Kamenakoye

0922

0923

1104

1105

1106

1352

1428

1429

1535

1537

1614

1719

1755

1935

1937

1939

2118

212-

2303

Capetown

Magadan

Vilyuisk

Yakutsk

Harampur

Bahla Blanca

Rosario

Archangel

Belomorsk

Korov

Time

0011

0047

0228

0229

0411

0517

0519

0551

0736

0738

Satellite 1957 al

November 25 November 26

Place Time Place

Okhotsk

Severo-Kurilsk

Khabarovsk

Sapporo

Ulan Bator

Peking, Tientsin

Shanghai

Sydney

Novosibirsk

Urumchi

Lanchow

Kunming

Adelaide

Chelyabinsk

Frunze

Calcutta

Albany

Leningrad

Moscow

Tambov

Stalingrad

Teheran

Bergen

Copenhagen

Berlin

Budapest

Sofia

Damascus

Sana

Dublin

London

Paris

Barcelona

Johannesburg

Lisbon

Accra

Capetown

Battle Harbor

0927

0931

1102

1104

1233

1256

1230

1257

1401

1404

1407

1410

1428

1532

1536

1542

1600

1701

1702

1704

1705

1709

1831

1 §3 3

1834

1835

1837

1840

1845

2005

2006

2007

2008

2028

2140

2149

2200

2306

Time

Quebec

Boston

Pernambuco

Winnipeg

Chicago

Birmingham

Caracas

Vancouver

Monterrey

Mexico

Dilllngham

Tierra del Fuego

Magadan

Us t-Kamchantsk

OO36

OO38

0208

0210

0213

0220

0339

0346

0340

O5O6

0540

0806

0807

Table 31.—Predictions Issued Nov. 25, 1957

Satellite 1957 PI

November 26 November 27

Place Time Place

Satellite 1957 al

November 26 November 27

Time Place Time Place Time

Tallinn

Faroe Islands

Wellington

AmadJuak

Melbourne

Port Harrison

Albany

Fort Ray

Kennecott

Dillingham

Kamenakoe

Capetown

0921

1102

1349

1427

1533

1612

1716

1752

1937

2119

2301

2408

Magadan

Vilyuisk

Aldan

Harampur

Rosario

TroitskePechorskoye

Belomorsk

Kotlas

Korov

0044

0226

0227

0408

0516

0550

0733

0734

0736

Yakutsk

Vladivostok

Tokyo

Wellington

Achinsk

Kyzyl

Peking, Tientsin

Uhan, Shanghai

Nanking

Canberra

Omsk

Semipalatlnsk

Urumchi

Kunming

Bangkok

Petrozavodsk

Gorky

Kuibyshev

Chkalov

Stallnabad

Kabul

Madras

Tallinn

Moscow

Kiev

Kharkov

Rostov

Tbilisi

0936

1113

1115

1138

1239

1241

1245

1248

1307

1410

1412

1414

1420

1422

1537

1539

1540

1541

1545

1546

1553

1710

1711

1712

1713

1714

1715

Ottawa

Rio de Janeiro

Winnipeg

St. Louis

Montevideo

Vancouver

Mexico

Tierra del Fuego

Anadyr

Graham Land

Kamenskoe

Magadan

Pe tropavl0vskKamchatsky

November 26

(continued)

Place

Baghdad

Berlin

Prague

Cairo

Addis Ababa

Madrid

Pretoria

Freetown

Port Harrison

0045

0105

O215

0218

0240

0345

0354

0415

0509

O55O

0640

0812

O815

Time

1 7 . J8

1842

1846

1849

1855

2017

2036

2156

2310
238 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 32.—Predictions Issued Hoy. 26, 1957

Satellite 1957

November 27

Place

Stockholm

Riga

Reykjavik

Faroe Islands

Glasgow

Frederlkshaab

Lake Harbor

Adelaide

Port Harrison

Augusta

Fort Ray

Stanley

Fairbanks

Kennecott

Dlllingham

Glzhlga

November 28

Time Place

0918

1059

1101

1241

1423

1530

1714

1930

1752

1931

1932

2116

2256

Capetown

Irkutsk

Magadan

Tura

Aldan

Harampur

Bratsk

Santiago

Ukhta

Tobolsk

Petrozavodsk

Vologda-Kotlas

Kirov, (Kazan)

Time

0005

0039

0041

0222

0224

0403

0407

0512

0547

0549

0730

0731

0732

Satellite 1957 <xl

November 27 November 28

Place Time Place

Washington

Georgetown

Rio de Janeiro

Kansas City

San Jose

Buenos Aires

Los Angeles

Tierra del Puego

Graham Land

Mlkolayev-on-Amur

Chita

Chanchung

Vladivostok

Pyongyang

Kyoto

Wellington

Kyzyl

Hsian

Wuhan-Nanking

Kwangchow

Melbourne

Akmolnoygfn

Karaganda

Alma-Ata

Lhasa

Bandung

Ogata

Penza-Ulyanovsk

Kuibyshev, Saratov

Ashkhabad

Bombay

Madras

Vilnyus

Kiev, Zhitomir

Kishinev

Sebastopol

Baghdad

The Hague

Rome

Mozambique

Lisbon

Port Elizabeth

Mirny

Freetown

Kemp Land

Pemambuco

0950

1120

1123

1124

1125

1126

1149

1251

1256

1258

1259

1317

1421

1422

1423

1428

1438

1446

1550

1551

1555

1600

1603

1720

1721

1722

1723

1727

I852

1855

1911

2026

2047

2101

2204

2230

2339

Time

Table 33.—Predictions issued Nov. 27, 1957

Satellite 1957 PI

November 28 November 29

Place Time Place

Stockholm

Tallinn

Riga, Novgorod

Minsk, Moscow

Reykjavik

Glasgow

London

Frederikshaab

Lake Harbor

Adelaide

Port Harrison

Augusta

Fort Ray

Fairbanks

Carcross

Dilllngham

KamenskimoyeGizyga

0914

0915

0916

0917

0955

IO58

IO59

1238

1421

1528

1606

1700

1746

1928

1930

2130

2254

Satellite 1957 al

November 28 November 29

Time Place Time Place

Washington

Caracas

Sao Paulo

Dallas

San Jose

San Francisco

Tierra del Fuego

Graham Land

Windhoek

Yakutsk

Okhotsk

Aldan

Rio de Janeiro

Yeniseysk

Bratsk

Santiago

Ukhta

Tobolsk

(task

Moscow, Kotlas

Gorky

Kuibyshev

0005

OO36

OO38

0221

0329

0403

0404

0509

0543

0545

0546

0728

0729

0730

Pyongyang

Hiroshima

Lanchow

Hsian

Kwangchow

Melbourne

Lhasa

Jakarta

Augusta

Ashkhabad

Karachi

Ankara

Damascus

Naples

Mozambique

Lisbon

Port Elizabeth

Mirny

Freetown

Kemp Land

Pemambuco

1124

1125

1255

1256

1259

1317

1427

1437

1445

1554

1558

1723

1724

1853

1909

2023

2044

2059

2202

2228

2335

Time

0052

0100

0110

0224

0243

0351

0419

0556
SOVIET PRBDICTlOiNiS AND INFORMATION

Table 34.—Predictions Issued on Nov. 29, 1957

239

Satellite 1957 pi

November 30 December 1

Place Time Place

Oslo

Stockholm

Kaliningrad,

Vilnyus

Gomel

Reykjavik

Glasgow

London

Wellington

Prederikshaab

Sydney

Coral Harbor

Battle Harbor

Penang

Port George

Geraldton

Simpson

Georgetown

Ugolnaya

Dutch Harbor

Johannesburg

(Gijlga)

0905

0906

0907

0908

1046

1050

1051

1150

1229

1355

1411

1415

1519

1557

1702

1737

1918

2101

2104

2210

2244

(Yakutsk)

Okhotsk

PetropavlovakKamchatsky

Tura

Vitim

Blagoveshchensk

Montevideo

Rio de Janeiro

Eniseisk

Krasnoyarsk

Irkutsk

Santiago

Archangel

Syktyvkar

Serovsk

Tyumen, Tobolsk

Omsk

Leningrad

Petrozavodsk

Yaroslavl

Gorky

Kuibyshev

0025

0027

0030

0208

0210

0213

0314

0319

0352

0353

805332

0534

0535

0536

0537

0716

0717

0718

0719

Bogota

Caracas

Salvador

San Antonio

Mirny

Kemp Land

Satellite 1957 al

November 30 December 1

Time Place Time Place

1336 Tokyo

1337 Jakarta

1507 (Hangchow)

1641 Nanking

2038 Pyongyang

2206 Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Calcutta

Lhasa

Ulan Bator

Hyderabad

Urumchl

Johannesburg

Addis Ababa

Teheran

Ashkhabad

Cairo

Ankara

Rostov-on-Don

Time

Table 35.—Predictions Issued Nov. 30, 1957

Satellite 1957 PI Satellite 1957 al

December 1

Place

Faroe Islands

Oslo

Warsaw, Minsk

Reykjavik

London

Wellington

Kanortalik

Sydney

Coral Harbor

Battle Harbor

Penong

Port George

Onslow

Dawson

Shelton

Port Praser

Ugolnaya

Dutch Harbor

Johannesburg

Selmchan

O857

859-

0901

1039

1044

1144

1224

1329

1404

1408

1512

1551

I658

1728

1911

1917

2054

2058

2204

2236

December 2

Time Place

Vilyuisk

Yakutsk

Okhotsk

Vereshchagino

Vitlm

Montevideo

Rio de Janeiro

Krasnoyask

Irkutsk

Santiago

Archangel

Syktyvkar

Serov

Tyumen

Omsk

Karaganda

Petrozavodsk

Yaroslavl

Penza

Pugachev

0019

0020

0022

0201

0203

O3O8

0312

0347

0349

0452

O526

0527

O528

0529

0530

0532

0709

0711

0712

0713

December 1

Time Place

Abidjan

Naples

Budapest

Lvov

Tlerra del Puego

Rio de Janeiro

Lisbon

Paris

Santiago

Bogota

Caracas

San Salvador

Washington

Montreal

Minneapolis

San Francisco

Wellington

Geraldton

Tokyo

Severo-Kurilsk

December 2

Time Place

0852

0902

0904

0905

1004

1014

1030

1033

1140

1319

1321

1451

1457

1459

1627

1754

1902

2332

2349

2352

Time

Singapore

Kwangchow

Nanking

Pyongyang

Khabarovsk

Konsomolsk-on-Amur

Calcutta

Lhasa

Ulan Bator

Hyderabad

Urumchl

Johannesburg

Addis Ababa

Teheran

Ashkhabad

Cairo

Ankara

Rostov-on-Don

0108

0114

0116

0110

0121

0122

024-

0244

0249

0412

0417

0527

0535

O542

0543

0710

0712

0714

Table 36. —Predictions issued Dec. 1, 1957

Satellite 1957 Satellite 1957 al

December 2

Place

Oslo

Copenhagen

Kaliningrad

Dublin

London

Paris

Wellington

Prederikshaab

Sydney

Battle Harbor

Port George

Simpson

Vancouver

1039

1138

December 3

Time Place

Blagoveshchensk

Vladivostok

Yeniseysk

(Iakten)

Nizhnly Tagil

Karaganda

(Balmash)

Guryev

Albijan

Rome, Naples

Time

0200

0202

0340

0342

0522

0524

0525

07--

O831

0841

December 3

Place

Kwancho

Nanking, Shanghai

Vladivostok

Khabarovsk

Magadan

Lhasa

Chita

(Accra)

Hyderabad

Urumchl

Kyzyl

Bratsk

Ashkhabad

Time

0050

0053

OO56

0057

0059

0220

0224

0226

0347

0351

0352

0353

O518
240 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 36.--Predictions issued

Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Satellite 1957 pi

December 2

Place

Johannesburg

(Uiga)

2158

2231

December 3

Satellite 1957 al

December 3

Time Place

Budapest

Lvov

Rio de Janeiro

Lisbon

Paris

Copenhagen

Stockholm

Helsinki

Santiago

Guatemala

Washington

Quebec

Minneapolis

Lake Harbor

Port Nelson

Wellington

Fort Fraser

Mlmy

Penong

Dutch Harbor

Geraldton

Yokohama

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

Time Place

(DJezkazgan)

Karangada

Novosibirsk

Cairo

Stalingrad

Naples

Budapest

Time

0519

0520

0521

0643

0647

0714

0715

2328

Table 37.—Predictions Issued Dec. 2, 1957

Satellite 1957 Satellite 1957 al

December 2 December 3 December 2

Place

Dublin

London

Paris

Wellington

Frederlkshaab

Sydney

Battle Harbor

Fort George

Simpson

Vancouver

Johannesburg

Gijlga

Tine Place

IO37

IO38

IO39

1138

1217

1323

1403

1544

1724

1911

2158

2231

Time Place

Bodaibo

Blagoveshchensk

Vladivostok

Yeniseisk

Irkutsk

Nizhniy Tagil

Karaganda

Balkhash

Leningrad

Moscow

Penza

Guryev

OI58

0200

0202

0340

0342

0522

0524

O525

0704

O7O5

0706

O7O8

Rio de Janeiro

Lisbon

Paris

Copenhagen

Stockholm

Helsinki

Santiago

Guatemala City

Washington

Quebec

Canorthalic

Minneapolis

Lake Harbor

San Francisco

Port Nelson

Wellington

Fort Fraser

Mirny

Carcross

Penang

Dutch Harbor

Geraldton

Yokohoma

PetropavlovskKamchatsky

0953

1009

1011

1013

1014

1015

1118

1427

1435

1436

1440

1605

1609

1731

1736

1838

1093

1957

2034

2138

2200

2307

2324

2328

December 3

Time Place

Canton

Shanghai

Vladivostok

Khabarovsk

Magadan

Lhasa

Lanchow

Chita

Aldan

Hyderabad

Urumchi

Kyzyl

Bratsk

Ashkhabad

Jeskazgan

Karaganda

(Novhirsk)

Cairo

Stalingrad

Kuibyshev

Sverdlovsk

Surgut

Naples

Budapest

Time

CO50

0053

OO56

OO57

0059

0220

0222

0224

0226

0347

0351

0352

0355

O518

0519

0520

0521

0643

0647

0649

O65O

0691

0714

0715
SOVIET PREDICTION'S AND INFORMATION

Table 38.—Prediction issued Dec. 3, 1957

241

Satellite 1957 PI

December 3 December 4

Place Time Place

Copenhagen

Warsaw

Kishinev

Dublin

London

Paris

Wellington

Canorthalic

Canberra

Battle Harbor

Port Nelson

Ottawa

Athabaska

Georgetown

Vancouver

Dutch Harbor

Capetown

Johannesburg

Magadan

0844

0846

0847

1027

1028

1029

1128

1208

1313

1353

1533

1537

1717

I856

1901

2041

2144

2147

2221

Time

Yakutsk

Severo-Kurilsk

Bodaibo

Hailun

Montevideo

Sao Paulo

Krasnoyarsk

Kyzyl

Ulan Bator

Solikamsk

Sverdlovsk

Akmolensk

Balkhash

Helsinki

Leningrad

Moscow

Saratov

Astrakhan

0003

0008

0147

0150

0251

0255

0330

0332

0333

0511

0512

0514

0515

0652

0653

0654

O656

0657

Table 39.—Predictions issued Dec. 4, 1957

Satellite 1957 PI

December 5 December 6

Place Time Place Time

Berlin

Bucharest

Dublin

London

Paris

Wellington

Kanortalik

Canberra

Battle Harbor

Augusta

Port Kelson

New York

Dutch Harbor

Capetown

Magadan

Nlkolayevsk-on-Amur

O828

O831

1010

1012

1013

1111

1151

1255

1335

1437

1515

1520

2023

2126

2203

23^7

Bodaibo

Hailun

Vladivostok

Montevideo

Rio de Janeiro

Tomsk

Krasnoyarsk

Kyzyl

Sverdlovsk

Chelyabinsk

Karaganda

Leningrad

Moscow

Saratov

Astrakhan

0120

0132

0133

0233

0237

0311

0312

0313

0453

0454

0455

O634

0635

0637

0639
242 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 40.—Number of revolutions and distance travelled by

Satellites 1957 al and 1957 o2; based on Soviet releases

Date

Oct.

\l14

15

if16

17

11

18

19

19

20

20

21

22

22

23

S24

25

2«5

Moscow

tine

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

l800

0600

1800

Number of

revolutions

a l

130

145

160

175

190

205

220

a2

130

145

160

175

190

205

220

235

258

273

288

303

Distance

travelled by

a2 (In km)

5,700,000

6,300,000

6,900,000

7,600,000

8,300,000

9,000,000

9,600,000

11,250,000

11,900,000

12,560,000

13,200,000

Time that al

leads a2 In

revs mln

5

6

10

11

13

14

17

19.7

22

24

27

29

32

39

46

53.2

50»

1 minus 28.8

26

0600

1800

319 13,850,000

27

U

29

29

30

30

31

Nov.

1

1

3

3

6

7

7

9

11

0600

1800

1800

0600

1800

0600

P.M.*

0600

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

1800

0600

1800

0600

1800

•380

395

410

441

502

533

333

341

379

500

530

14,452,000

14,800,000

15,84l,OOO«

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

minus

plus

plus

.22

plus

• 35

plus

minus

plus

plus

minus

minus

10.5

12.5

17

26.5

38

30

17

34

27.5

21.7*

Distance that al

leads a2 In

revs km

2,500

3,000

5,300

6,700

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,400

13.200

14,600

18,000

21,000

Remarks

24,300

27,400

1 minus 13,900

1 minus 9,940

1 minus 4,800

1

1 plus 5,650

1 plus 12,000

Dally lead Increase quoted

as 5.7 minutes

or 2,300 km.

•Obvious typographical

error.

At this time,

USSR shifted to

reporting how

far the carrier

rocket was

behind the aateV

llte while overtaking It.

In the evening

release on 26

October, It was

announced the

radio had stopped

working.

•This distance

quoted for al.

•Quoted as

"afternoon".

Carrier rocket al

I.69 revolutions

ahead of satellite a2.

Carrier rocket

2.7 revolutions

ahead.

•This figure

could be a

typographical

error.
SOVIET PHEWCTCOiN'S AND INFORMATION" 243

Table 4O.--Number of revolutions and distance travelled by Satellites

1957 al and 1957 a2; based on Soviet releases (continued)

Date

Nov.

12

12

14

15

16

17

18

20

21

22

23

S

f2o

30

Dec.

12

3

5

Moscow

time

0600

1800

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

Number of

revolutions

cd

579

610

625

641

656

672

703

71?

734

751

766

781

830

862

878

894

o2

576

606

621

637

652

667

698

37434

744

759

774

790

805

821

851

867

882

898

929

Distance

travelled by

a2 (in km)

Time that al

leads a2 in

revs mln

3 plus 44.4

Distance that cd

leads o2 in

revs km

Remarks

Table 41.—Number of revolutions and distance

travelled by Satellit e 1957 Beta based

on announcements by the U.S.S.R.

Date Moscow Number of Distance Remarks

time revolutions travelled

(km)

j,8oo,ooo

(,740,000 Cessation of

radio signals

from Beta

announced.

9,535,000

Table 42.—Satellite Periods Announced

by the U.S.S.R.

Nov.

6

I9

10

12

14

15

16

17

18

20

21

22

24

527

28

30

Dec.

1

2

3

5

0600

0600

0600

0600

1800

0600

0660

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

40

54

68

82

103

124

152

166

180

194

208

236

264

292

306

320

348

376

390

404

418

446

Release date Satel-

(Moscow time) lite

20 Oct. (afternoon) al

20 Oct. " a2

23 Oct. (0600) al

23 Oct. " a2

26 Oct. (afternoon) al

26 Oct. " a2

6 Nov. Beta

Period

(minutes)

95.12

95.55

95.01

95.49

94.68

95.31

IO3.6

Remarks

It was stated

that Beta's

period diminished more

slowly than

that of al,

and its lif e

would be

longer.
244

Date

Oct.

29

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 43.—Twilight visibility zones predicted by the U.S.S.R.

jrthern Hemisphere

VOL.2

Ol

Degree

latitude

30-60

Time

Sunset

01

Degree

latitude

30

31

Nov.

1

3

12

14

15

16

a

20

21

22

23

24

II

28

30

Dec.

1

2

3

5

35-62

38-63

40-62

45-63

62-67

61-65

60-63

60-65

60-65

60-65

56-64

50-63

45-63

40-52*

30-60

0-62

0-60

0-55

0-30

0-50

10-55

n

„

54-68

57-65

" 58-65

" 60-65

62-65

63-65

62-65

61-65

60-65

" 6O-65

59-65

57-64

55-63

Sunrise 52-62

51-65

48-62

43-60

Time

Sunrise

Southern Hemisphere

al 01

Degree Time

latitude

18-65

22-65

26-65

30-65

32-65

47-70

49-63

50-64

48-63

46-63

46-63

44-65

43-65

30-65

20-65

O-65

O-65

O-65

O-65

O-65

40-65

O-65

IO-65

Sunrise

Sunset

Degree Time

latitude

Remarks

al passages quoted

SW-NE In north and

NW-SE In south said

to be visible within 1,000 km of

trajectory In north

2,000-2,500 km in

south.

Sunset northern visibility within 1,000

km. Sunrise southern

within 2,000 km.

30-70

40-65

38-63

38-62

38-62

38-61

37-61

36-60

35-59

28-58

27-57

27-56

26-52

24-50

24-50

23-49

23-47

20-43

Sunset

"

"

"

"

"

"

M

>•

"

"

"

"

"

•Probable typographical error;

40-62 seems more

reasonable.
Visual Observations of Satellite 1957 a l Made by

Moonwateh Stations1

By L. CAMPBELL, JR, 2 and J. A. HYNEK

 3

The fall of the world's first artificial satellite physical Observatory in the visual observing

marks a significant epoch. A report on the program, is as follows:

visual observations of the components of this Argentina 4

launching, Satellites 1957 al and a2, is appro- Australia 4

priate at this time. The great majority of Belgian Congo l

scientifically valuable visual observations of Chile 3

these objects were furnished by stations in the vj p a n 7j

world-wide network of more than 200 Moon- Nrt3^AiitUto."."IIIIIII"I""I"II"" l

watch teams. Indeed, without their observa- Peru l

tions the existence of al and a2 would have Uruguay l

been far less fruitful, scientifically; for instance, Union of South Africa 4

the first attempts to obtain values of air United States J14

densities at satellite heights would hardly have Total 205

been possible without the significant visual observations furnished by these teams. The preparation, training and organization

In this report we give a brief review of the of teams have been described in the series of

scope and performance of the Moonwateh op- Bulletins for Visual Observers of Satellites

eration and a chronological listing of significant issued by the Smithsonian AstrophysicalObservMoonwatch observations. During the 8-week atory. Only a brief description, therefore, of

life of Satellite 1957 al, 131 teams contributed the organization and performance of a typical

a total of 391 observations of a 1 as well as of Moonwateh team will be given here.

a2. These were rapidly transmitted by tele- n , *«« . .

, , , , . , it ! Purpose and scope of Moonwateh

phone and telegraph to Moonwateh headquarters at Cambridge, Mass., where they were Immediately after the launching by any nation

analyzed and fed to the Computations and

 o f a n

 artificial earth satellite, it is of utmost

Analysis Division for orbital computations. importance to obtain a rough determination of

(During this period these 131 stations as well as

 th e orbi t

 »* quickly as possible so that the satelothers furnished an estimated 50 observations

 lit e

 <*n h*&n it s »«

f u l llf e M a scientific veof Satellite 1957 Beta and its components.)

 hicle

- ^ ^ satellites will be equipped with

The distribution, by countries, of Moonwateh TMdios whil e other s wU l not-

 Sinc e ther e als o

teams associated with the Smithsonian Astro-

 exist s th e

 possibility of initial or early radio

failure in the instrumented satellite, precision

s^^rSTs^ZZZlT^ZS^ZZ. optical and photographic tracking of earth

Cambridge; first issued Dec. 17,1957. satellites may not be possible until a preliminary

* Director, Project Moonwateh, Optical Satellite Tracking Program, , . . , - ,

Smithsonian Astrophyslcal Observatory. Or bit IS determined.

1

 Associate Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; In While the present report Hst8 primarily

Vteittn*Lecturer'Harvard

 observations of the satellite rocket carrier,

245

460132 O—58 5
246 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

1957 al, it should be pointed out that with very

few exceptions the only scientifically valuable

visual observations of the satellite proper,

1957 a2, were obtained by Moon watch teams.

The primary objective of Moon watch is to

provide early systematic observations to an

accuracy of better than a degree of arc and a

second of time. To effect this, there have been

organized more than 200 teams of volunteer

observers, drawn largely from the ranks of

amateur astonomers and other scientifically

inclined laymen who are giving freely of their

time and who, for the most part, have fabricated

or furnished their own observing equipment,

including small telescopes, radio receiving sets,

tape recorders, and other instruments. The

investment represented by a typical Moonwatch station is estimated to be about $2,000,

exclusive of special equipment and expenses

incidental to the operation of the station. It

should be emphasized that no salaries are given

to Moonwatch teams anywhere.

Each team comprises from 20 to 100 or more

members. To allow for fatigue of individuals

during an often long and tedious observing

period, teams must have more observers than

actually serve during any one satellite crossing.

Observing techniques

A Moonwatch team constitutues an optical

fence, or gauntlet, across which a satellite must

pass when its orbit intersects the twilight zone

at a given station. When a satellite is first

launched, all teams must be alerted until

enough data have been collected to show that

certain regions of the earth will not be productive of observations.

Each observer on a team is assigned a relatively small portion of the sky along the chosen

observation line, and patrols his sector during

the entire observation period. Although only

one or two members will see the satellite at any

one passage, the entire team must observe to

make sure that the satellite is acquired as it

crosses the chosen observation line.

When an observer sees the satellite entering

his field, he records this by voice on tape, by

buzzer, or other recording aid, along with the

WWV time signals which are recorded continuously during the entire observing period.

When played back, such a recording permits

the accurate determination of the time when

the satellite entered the field, its crossing of the

meridional marker, and its exit from the field.

Its position on the celestial sphere is determined from the pre-set orientation of the observer's telescope or from the satellite's passage

through a recognizable field of stars. Angular

rate and magnitude are noted.

Primary Uses of Observations.—Moonwatch

observations received at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory are used primarily for the

construction of search or location ephemerides,

to be used at precision photographic stations

and other scientific stations, including astronomical observatories. Such ephemerides also

are requested by scientists interested in performing special experiments, such as infrared

observations. Currently, more than 350 predictions for as many geographical localities are

requested daily from Smithsonian Astrophysical

Observatory. Also, large groups of amateur

and professional photographers organized under

the Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers and the Civil Air Patrol, as well as other

groups and agencies, request satellite search

data.

The second stage of the Moonwatch program

occurs during the last phase of the existence of

any particular satellite. Observations made of

a satellite's earthward plunge are of obvious

value, both for possible recovery and to record

the luminescence and other physical factors of

re-entry.

Members of Moonwatch teams also perform

important work in disseminating and interpreting the satellite data, as well as information

about the whole IGY program, to their own

communities. A Moonwatch team becomes in

itself a center of considerable local interest and

its members are constantly called upon to interpret the satellite program to the community,

particularly to school groups, as well as to

church and other adult groups. Thus, they

have a unique opportunity to encourage participation and interest in the total IGY program,

and particularly to stimulate interest in science

among the young people.

History of Moonwatch teams

It is estimated that there are more than 5,000

amateur astronomers in the United States alone,
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 247

many of whom are organized through the Astronomical League. Shortly after the Smithsonian

Astrophysical Observatory was given the responsibility for the optical tracking of the IGY

satellites, it was determined to call upon these

groups in this and other countries to serve as

nuclei of visual observation teams. Dr. Armand

N. Spitz, long noted for his work with these

groups, the American Astronomical League, and

the Association of Western Amateurs, was asked

to assist in the organization.

A National Advisory Committee composed of

nominees from these two organizations, under

the guidance of Dr. Spitz, studied the problems

of organization, techniques, and instruments.

The Moonwatch telescope was devised as a

result of the research by this committee under

the chairmanship of G. R. Wright of Silver

Spring, Maryland. A basic consideration in

devising instruments and techniques was that

there was no budget provision for the operation

of Moonwatch teams and that all activities had,

therefore, to be on a volunteer basis.

Since individual team members were to be

asked to purchase or fabricate their own telescopes, the Committee set about to devise a

low-cost optical instrument consistent with the

observing techniques desired. The resulting

Moonwatch telescope is now so familiar, and

has been so adequately described in the popular

literature, that further description is not necessary here. It is appropriate, however, to point

out that the Russian visual observation effort

was closely patterned after the U. S. IGY

Moonwatch operation. Plans of instruments,

techniques and organization were published in

Sky and Telescope, an internationally distributed magazine devoted largely to amateur

astronomy.

The Moonwatch Operation was from the

outset intended to be complementary to the

Precision Photographic Tracking Program.

However, the coming of the sputniks before all

precision tracking cameras were ready placed

an added responsibility on the Moonwatch

teams: to serve as interim tracking teams. As

has already been mentioned, after the cessation

of radio signals from the sputniks, the Moonwatch teams became one of the primary means

of day-to-day tracking.

The coming of the Russian satellites in their

highly inclined orbits forced an alteration in

some of the observing techniques of Moonwatch

teams. For instance, it became necessary to

establish an east-west optical fence, instead of

the north-south, meridional fence first planned.

In many cases this required additional expense

of funds, time, and effort on the part of the

teams to reorganize their station layouts. It is

appropriate to mention, likewise, the very

great cooperation and enthusiasm shown by

the vast majority of Moonwatch teams.

Many teams have felt the pressure of the

financial burden, since most amateur astronomy

groups operate on very limited budgets, but

have been helped by local sponsors from civic

groups, commercial organizations, and educational institutions.

The organization and training of many stations and teams was assisted by the efforts of

Col. Owen Clarke, USAF, who directed the

system of "fly-bys," airplanes trailing a small

light to simulate the passage of a satellite.

Many Moonwatch teams in this and other

countries deserve special mention, either for

exemplary operation or for the development of

special and ingenious techniques of observation.

Indeed, the policy of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory has been at all times to

encourage the initiative and inventiveness of

the individual teams. It would be beyond the

scope of the present report to detail the many

innovations and special operations contributed

by such teams.

A chronological listing of all significant observations of a\ and a2 made by Moonwatch teams

through Nov. 30, 1957, is given in table 1.
248 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS TOL.I

Table 1.--Observations of Satellite s 1957 al and a2 by Moonwateh teams through Dec. 1, 1957

Direc- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and oolor

+2

+2

+2

O.35*/s +1

+2

+2

0.35 % +1

O.375'/s +2.5

+2

Date (D.T.)

Station name

Code number

October 8

Australia

602 124 331

October 9

Sydney,

Australia

602 124 331

Santiago,

Chile

805 124 071

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

October 10

Santiago,

Chile

8O5 124 071

Sydney,

Australia

602 124 331

New Haven,

Conn.

O87 072 042

Nllgata,

Japan

238 038 319

October 11

Station

coordinates

151

33

151

33

70

33

115

32

70

33

151

33

It

139

37

•3

it

41

33

51

00

41

33

it

56

19

00

54

'41

43

41

43

12

42

10

07

12

42

41

43

50

58

39

26

"E

S

E

S

V

S

E

S

W

S

E

S

wN

E

N

Satellite

1957

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

a l

a2

a2

a l

Time

observed

09h36m348

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

00

00

00

00

11

11

00

00

00

09

09

09

09

10

19

338

39

$

40

40

41

41

40

05

05

06

17

18

03

05

07

3

41

41

23

58

31

28

52

08.0 n

43.5

42.2f

25.5

30.5

40

17

54

54

14

15

48

45

01

31

15.5

I8.5

30.5

04

Right ascension

or azimuth

12*

13

15

16

15

20

21

20

) 20

18

18

19

20

21

21

101'

66

17

21

20

a

18

18

l

38"

37

25

45

50.

10

41

15

IS

30

35

04

16

02

52

'20

56

11

57.

18

30

11

35

45*A

(65° A

113

07

. s

.7

16

00

•A

A

.0

.9

16

13.5

00

Declination or

altitude

-60* ' "

- 6 5

-69

-69

-62.8

~_H 7

-28i5

-28.5

-10*40'

- 9*00'

-37!4

-13.5

+07.6

+27.9

36*08'A

20*26'25"A

-23*24'

+04.5

+42*15'

+44.8

-10

+14*46•

- 9

40A

08.SA 1

24*49 )

Perth,

Australia 115 51 10 E

601 122 296 32 00 07 S

Adelaide,

Australia 138 36 14 E

600 125 319 34 55 14 S

October 12

Nllgata,

Japan 139 00 39 E

238 038 319 37 54 26 N

Suwa,

Japan

248 036 318

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

11 16 30

11 16 45.8

11 16 55

11 16 59.5

11 17 16.8

19*33<00"A

21*15'00"A

21*29'40"A

21"52'00"A

22*13'00"A

09 39 12.5 20 18 36

19 53 39 65"A

48*19'29"A

40*09'52"A

36*02'41 ||A

28*3b'l4"A

-14 55 07

17.5A

138

36

115

32

07

00

51

00

43

13

10

07

E

N

E

S

19

19

11

11

11

11

11

11

n

11

12

a

15

16

54

00

50.5

39.5

27.3

43.5

57

12.7

45*A

45*A

231*35

245*52

293°10

350*46

05*52

07*36

'00 "A

'00 "A

•20 "A

'20"A

'00 "A

•10 "A

1 1 .

1 6 .

30°

43°

52°

33°

16*

13°

5A

5A

05

130

23

47

'20 "A

'59 "A

•16 "A

•31 "A

•25 "A

•49 "A

Paint

Bright

+3

+5, Red-orange

Bright

+2

+4

+4
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 249

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites

through Dec. 1,1

r al and q2 by Moonwatch teams

(continued)

Date (U.T.) Station SatelStation name, coordinates lit e

Code number 1957

October 13

New York,

N. Y.

046 041 074

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Millbrook,

N. Y.

045 043 079

Baltimore,

Md.

088 039 077

Osaka Yoadru,

Japan

241 O35 316

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

Suwa,

Japan

248 036 318

Sendal,

Japan

246 O38 321

Musaahlno,

Japan

233 O36 320

Takada,

Japan

250 O37 318

Osaka,

Japan

240 O35 316

Chunichi,

Japan

204 O35 317

Nagoya,

Japan

236 O35 317

Antofagaata,

n Chile

804 114 070

October 14

73°

40

71

42

II3

76

39

115

32

138

36

140

38

139

35

138

37

IS

136

35

136

35

70

23

sr

07

22

37

51

it

it

51

00

07

00

51

15

g

15

06

i

54

10

68

25

39

451

30

46

48

27

30

2528

30

51

10

07

43

13

56

22

3

22

38

01

36

14

23

11

57

07

11

'W

N

W

N

V

N

W

N

E

N

E

S

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

W

S

al

a2

al

a2

al

Woomera,

Australia 136 46 59 E

6O3 121 216 31 06 13 S

North Canton,

Ohio 8l 27 19 W

053 041 081 40 55 55 N

Time Right asobserved censlon

or azimuth

22h00m

10 14 01 15 32.5

10 14 26 14 '00

10 14 51 12 42.5

10 14 39.6 23*A

10 14 59.4 40* A

10 15 04.6 43°A

10 15 10.0 50*A

10 15 00 10 54

10 17 28 10 54

10 16 42 11 44

10 20 23 11 43

19 47 28 18 19

11 08 08.8 235°44'20"A

11 09 21.6 2550iK>(OO"A

11 09 59 274°54'30"A

11 10 57.8 310°35'40"A

11 11 25.8 324*44'00"A

19 48 15 16 23

19 48 57 15 02

19 50 02 13 30

19 50 03.5 13 37

19 50 19 12 05

19 50 06 49CA

19 49 51 51*A

19 49 57 40.6°A

23 59 04.3 16 57

09 32 29 346#10'44"A

09 33 17 352*14'58"A

Declination or

altitude

+58°

+71

+65

+57

47A

53A

52.5A

51.5A

31*26'

31*26-

+15.5

+15.5

+68

1§*18'16"A

28*25'53 "A

30*39'22"A

31*41'46"A

27*44'1O"A

+62

+65

+51

+38

12A

17A

12.8A

09.2

19°42'26"A

15*19'36"A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

0 to 4.5

Faint

+2 varying

+5

+3

+2

+3

+2

4 to 1.5

+4

+3

+3

+4

10 07 47 (Meridian +60"l6'

\p°A 11*12'A

(Above corrected for

refraction)

16.5'/S 4 to 3
250 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL.*

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites IS

through Dec. 1, 19^f

r

 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

(continued;

Data (U.T.) Station

Station nane coordinates

Code number

October 14

(continued)

Greensboro,

M.C. 79°52' "W

049 036 080 36 04 N

(Not at Station - 2

•lies SW)

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Satellite

1957

Time

observed

71 07 46 V

42 22 48 N

Ft. Monnouth,

N.J.

040 040 074

New Haven,

Conn.

O87 041 072

Bristol,

Tenn.

097 037 082

State College,

Pa.

060 041 O78

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

74 05 w

40 17 40 N

72 56 50 w

41 19 58 N

82 09 29 W

36 35 03 N

40 W.O N

115 51 10 E

32 00 07 s

Akita,

Japan

200 040 320

Sapporo,

Japan

245 043 321

Otaru,

Japan

243 043 321

Sendal,

Japan

246 038 321

Toyama,

Japan

254 037 317

Kanazawa,

Japan

221 037 317

Kuruae Machi,

Japan

227 036 320

Shlzuoka,

Japan

247 O35 318

Takaoka,

Japan

270 037 317

140 07 02 E

39 41 42 N

141 22 13 E

43 04 49 N

141 00 23 E

43 11 27 N

140 51 56 E

38 15 22 N

137 11 07 E

36 42 13 N

136 41 01 E

36 32 45 N

139 31 48 E

35 45 18 N

138 23

34 58 25 N

al

10 11

Right ascension

or azimuth

15*25*

12 45

10 10 57.5 22.5*A

10 11 01.1 24*A

10 11 O3.5 27°A

10 11

10 11 11

10 11 15

10 11 08

10 11 20

31.5*A

31.5°A

45#A

6?.5*A

78A

10 11 08 46*A

10 11.25 60°A

10 11 24 40°A

10 13 07 90°A

al 10 10 25 12 52

a2 10 18 12 12 17

11 06 25 292*01'OC"A

11 06 29.5 293oO3'40"A

11 07 03.4 307*44'00"A

11 07 46.2 323*33'00"A

11 08 01.3 328*03'40"A

19 45 14 11 40

19 44 53 09 21

19 45 30 63.5*A

137 01 39 E

36 44 23 N

al 19 45 28 12 09

a2 19 56 43 13 11

19 45 36 5O.3°A

19 45 43 12 40

19 45 47 45.5°A

19 45 59 13 12

19 46 04 54.5*A

Declination or

altitude

+59" '

+39

67.5A

71A

71A

72A

71.5A

72A

72.5A

70.5A

42.5A

60A

18A

+56.25

+57

23*04'44"A

23*06'04"A

21*16'52"A

17*19'11"A

15°33'45"A

+74

+56

+52

51. 6A

+58

+55

21.5A

+47

27A

54

22A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

+3

+3

Faint

Bright

+2

+2

+1

+1.5

+2

+4

+2

+2

+3

+2

+2
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 251

Table l.—Observations of Satellite s

through Dec. I,~l9

1957 cd and qg by Moonwatch teams

957 [continued)

Date (U.T.) Station SatelStatton name coordinates lit e

Code number 1957

October 14

(continued)

Musashlno,

Japan 139*34'35"E al

233 036 320 35 42 58 N a3

Time

observed

19 48

19 52

13

13.

04.

Right ascension

or azimuth

54.1*A

00.0°A

00.0°A

Declination or

altitude

27T4A'

13.2A

10.7A

Dlrec- Angular

tlon velocity

Magnitude

and color

+6

+7

Nagoya,

Japan

236 035 317

136

35

11 E

57 N

19 47 49 90°A 16.7A +3

October 15

State College,

Pa.

060 041 078

Harrisburg,

Pa.

057 040 077

Greensboro,

049 036 080

Washington,

D. C.

014 039 077

New Haven,

Conn.

087 041 072

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Mlllbrook,

N . y.

045 042 074

Harrlacnburg,

Va.

072 O38 079

Los Alamos,

N. Hex.

043 O36 106

Oakland.

Calif.

066 038 122

Portland,

Oreg.

076 045 123

Takada,

Japan

250 O37 318

122 12.0 V

37 46 00 1,

122 37 33 V

45 29 19 N

138 15 22 E

37 06 38 N

Takaoka,

Japan 137 01 39 E

270 037 320 39 4l 42 N

Kanazawa,

Japan 136 41 01 E

221 037 317 36 32 45 N

al

al

a2

77 53.4 W

40 44.0 N

76 54 40 W

40 15 42 N

(79 52 02 W)

(36 04 39 N)

77 12 30 V

38 45 37 N

72 56 50 v

41 19 58 N

71 07 46 W

42 22 48 N

73 37 27 W

41 51 30 N

7§ 5 f W

38 28 20 N

106 19 20 W al

35 52 30 N

al

al

al

a3

10 04 10 18 27 +72?25«

10 05 41 11 27 +5*.5

10 26 11 27 +54.5

10 05 40A

(10s under Polaris and to the SE)

10 05 5* 13 20 +55

(Not at Station but 3 miles SW)

10 06 09 11 46

10 06 14 66°30•A

10 06 16.4 237*A

10 06 18.8 225.5°A

10 06 22.8 221 °A

10

10

04 09 12

12 09 12

10 07 18

13 17 55

13 18 05

13 18 22

13 19 to

13 20

19 38 50

19 39 59

19 40 25

19 40 45

19 43 45

11 19 10

11 05

11 30

(approx.)

10 16

0°A

16 00

12 15

11 45

11 19

10 10

19 39 43 125-5*

19 39 48

19 41 42

12 45

11 10

+53°28'

72A

I

5*

85.5A

85A

+10

+02*30'

+20*50'

+62

+55

+42.5

70-75A

+74

23. OA

+57

+16*20'

NW-SE

To SE

3-5

+2

+4.5

-1

+2

+3

••3

+6

+2

+2

+2
252 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites

through Dec. 1,~19

1957

957

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

October 15

(continued)

Japan

246 038 321

Musashino,

Japan

233 036 320

Kurune Machi,

Japan

227 036 320

October 16

Ft. Belvolr,

Va.

077 039 077

Station

coordinates

14O#51'56"E

38 15 22 N

139 34 35 E

35 42 58 N

139 31 48 E

35 45 18 N

77 11.3 *

38 45.5 N

Satellit e

1957

a2

al

Time

observed

19h4OB09°

19 40 53.5

i.9 48 57

09 59

Right ascension

or azimuth

I6 h5i m S

53.9A

45. OA

0°A

Declination or

altitude

•K30° 1 "

36. OA

34A

32° A

al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

(continued;

New Haven,

Conn. 72 56 50 W

O87 041 072 41 19 58 N

Cambridge,

al 10 00 01 Zenith

Mass.

099 042 071

Dover,

N. J.

039 041 075

Bristol,

Tenn.

097 O37 082

Bryn Athyn,

Pa.

O55 040 075

Red Bank,

M. J.

040 040 074

Mlllbrook,

N. Y.

045 042 074

Lincoln,

Nebr.

O38 041 097

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 039 121

Las Cruces,

N. Mex.

042 032 107

71

42

52

82

36

75

40

74

40

73

41

96

40

121

38

106

32

07

22

31

57

09

35

04

08

05

17

37

51

39

50

16

38

50

19

46 V

48 N

45 w

30 N

29 V

03 N

W

N

V

40 N

27 W

30 N

.2 V

. 3 N

.59 V

.43 N

50 w

42 N

al

al

a2

al

al

al

al

al

al

a2

al

09

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

11

13

13

11

59

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

08

00

01

14

00

00

00

36

13

27

38

50.2

00.2

23.4

24.8

28.6

29.2

35.6

37.6

42.8

50.2

08 .if

00

47

17

16

02

45

25.4

02.9

27

14

275 A

266° A

227 °A

226° A

221 °A

222 "A

208°A

205.5°A

201 °A

199°A

10 30

0-A

45°A

90 °A

l80*A

51 °A

02 03

07 22

07 01

08 42.5

07 25.5

11 40

59.5A

62.5A

64.5A

64.5A

63.5A

64. OA

60.5A

58.5A

57.5A

59.5A

+49.75

82A

27A

29A

80A

75.5A

+64°35

+28 50

+20.6

+6.7

+0.91

+18

Direc- Angular

tion velocity

Magnitude

and color

+2

+2

NW-SE +2 t o +3

+6

N-SE 0.3°/s +2 max.
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 253

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

October 17

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

71*07'46"W

42 22 48 N

Washington,

D. C. 77 12 30 W

014 039 077 38 45 37 N

Satellite

1957

a l

a2

a l

through

Time

observed

09h

09

09

09

09

09

09

10

10

10

09

1 m s 52 51.2

52 55.6

53 O5.8

53 10.8

53 18.4

53 38.6

53 48.8

22 20.5

22 30

23 39

52

Dec. 1, 1957

Right ascension

or azimuth

268° A

264.5°A

243.5°A

241 °A

235°A

213.5°A

207° A

268°A

269.5°A

202*A

45A

(continued;

Declination or

altitude

47A* ' "

47.5A

5OA

50A

51A

50.5A

48A

48A

48A

38A

65A

(approx.)

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

Bright

Paint

Schenectady,

N. y.

081 043 074

(Not at

Station)

Wichita,

Kans.

028 038 097

Las Cruces,

N. Mex.

042 032 107

Lincoln,

Nebr.

038 041 097

Manhattan,

Kans.

027 039 096

73 56.5 W

42 54.6 N

97 14 41 W

37 41 44 N

106 50 50 W

32 19 42 N

96 39.2 W

40 50.3 N

96 28.85 W

39 09.75 N

Oakland,

Calif. 122 12.0 w

006 038 122 37 46 00 N

Sacramento,

Calif. 121 16.59 W

007 039 121 38 38.43 N

Whlttier,

Calif.

012 034 118

118 01 35 w

33 58 40 N

Osaka-Yomluri,

Japan 135 30 30 E

241 O35 316 35 41 51 N

135 15 10 E

Kanaya,

Japan

220 034 315

Kiryu,

Japan

223 O36 319

Kashiwara,

Japan

222 034 316

Yokkalchl,

Japan

34 03 46 N

139 1? 54 E

36 24 22 N

135 48 15 E

34 30 24 N

136 39 00 E

al

al

a l

San Francisco,

Calif. 122 27 53 W a l

008 038 122 37 46 10 N

a l

al

a2

a l

09 53 02 05 35 +21°00'

09 53 18 06 02 +13

11 26

13 04 37

13 05 05

13 24 48

13 07 59

06 40

11 28 15 23°A

al

al

a l

11

11

11

11

11

11

29

29

29

30

30

31

8:

34

11

20

55

5

2

06

06

05

07

s

£

56

01

15

16

0°A

13 04 40 06 37

+40

12A

+07.5

+02.0

+21*40'

+04°05'

+00*40'

-23*20'

58*

+54*45'

06 43.S +27.1

07 07.8 -21.3

(Meridian passage)

06 53

258 035 317 35 00 15 K

19 24 08 18 28

19 24 21 18 12

19 25 15 06 32

3.9 26 06 27 "A

19 26 39 37.5A

+19

+70

+69

+88

29A

38.3A

NW-SE

2.5

2 or 3

+1

+1

+1

+3

NW-SE

+6

+1

+4

+2

+2

+2

+2
254 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1<

through Dec. 1, 19:

Sat* (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

October 17

(continued)

Nagoya,

Japan

236 035 317

Hlgashlm,

Japan

210 036 319

Hofu,

Japan

213 034 312

October 18

Milwaukee,

Wis.

074 043 088

Manhattan,

Kans.

027 039 096

Tulsa,

Okla.

054 036 096

Wichita,

Kans.

028 038 097

Bryan,

Tex.

O65 031 096

Lincoln,

Nebr.

038 041 097

Yankton,

S. Dak.

061 043 097

Pt. Worth,

Tex.

069 044 097

San Antonio,

Tex.

O89 024 098

New Orleans,

La.

031 030 090

Edinburg,

Tex.

066. 026 098

Portland,

Oreg.

076 045 123

Oakland,

Calif.

006 038 122

Los Altos,

Calif.

005 037 122

Station

coordinates

136'

35

139

36

34

88

42

96

39

95

36

97

37

96

30

96

40

97

32

98

29

90

29

98

26

122

45

122

37

122

37

68

23

02

33

03

08

58

28

09

57

03

14

41

20

38

39

50

23

52

22

42

29

27

3

10

18

37

29

12

46

07

23

'11 "E

57 N

22

56 E

13 N

54 W

08 N

.85 w

.75 N

W

N

41 W

44 N

01 W

15 N

.2 W

.3 N

26 w

42 N

09 w

42 N

11 W

25 N

W

N

.35 w

.34 N

33 W

19 N

.0 W

00 N

26 W

56 N

Satellite

1957

al

a2

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

a3

al

al

al

al

al

al

a2

al

al

al

Time

observed

19'

19

19

09

10

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

29

29

45

04

20

21

22

21

22

22

22

11 22

11 23

11 23

11 24

11 40

("Last

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

12

12

12

22

22

tt2

22

23

23

23

56

57

57

03

15

46.5

53.5

3Z

38

45

04.5

42.5

52.5

06

Right ascension

or azimuth

90'

« •

12

09

09

03

8

02

04

05

06

'A

*24TM9

 8

47

47

47

56

i!

20

58

21

39 51

27.5 06 04

19 07 13

22 07 19

53 08 O8.5

03 54

object possibly a

23

31.1

45

52

22

42

45

30

08.9

11

06

06

07

07

09

04

45'

06

06

180'

38

35

47

50

33

35 42

"A

23

37

•A

Declination or

altitude

41!

-08

+15

-03

+54

+39

+10

-14

+56

+09

+68

+09

+79

nose

-16

-17

+33

+29

+41

+24

44A

-17

+18

73°

9A. «

°20'

00

°12'

• 4 2 ,

"00 •

°20'

0 3 0 \,x cone )

.7

.5

.5

°42'

°20'

A

al and q2 by Hoonwatch teams

(continued)

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

+2

+2

+ 3

+2

+5

+2

+2

Varying

0

+1

+1.5

+2

+2

+2

+2

Paint

+3.5

+2

Bright as

Sir!us

+4
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 255

Table 1.—Observations of Satellite s 1957 cd and g2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

October l8

(continued)

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 039 121

Saga,

Japan

244 033 310

Hiroshima,

Japan

211 034 312

Takaoka,

Japan

270 037 317

Kashlwara,

Japan

222 034 316

Konko,

Japan

224 035 314

Asahigawa,

Japan

201 044 322

Nagano,

Japan

234 036 318

Tadotsu,

Japan

249 034 314

Mt. Fuji,

Japan

232 636 319

Manazuru,

Japan

228 O35 319

Nagoya,

Japan

236 035 317

Kanagawa,

Japan

219 O35 319

Kurume MachV

Japan

227 036 320

Mlyazakl,

Japan

230 032 311

October 19

Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

041 035 107

Greensboro,

N. C.

049 036 080

Pt. Belvolr,

Va.

077 039 077

Station Satelcoordlnates lit e

1957

Time

observed

121°16!59"W

38 38.43 N

al

a2

130 17 59 E

33 14 35 N

Right ascension

or azimuth

5 7 3 35 7

13 21 33.6 06 40.5

19 15 00 34O°OA

139 31 48 E a3

35 45 18 N

131

31

106

35

3

5

25

55

38

05

52

04

11

45

24

23

36

03

02

39

.3

.5

E

N

W

N

V

N

V

N

al

al

a2

al

19 28 41.9 270°A

19 34 44 65°A

09 11 50

09 36 32

09 58 00

09 37

10 25

00

40

Declln- Direc- Angular Magnitude

ation or tion velocity and color

altitude

-03°

-31

22. OA

132

34

137

36

135

34

133

34

142

43

137

35

133

34

138

35

139

35

136

35

139

35

28

22

01

44

48

30

37

32

21

46

50

30

45

16

48

31

08

09

%

21

26

10

08

39

23

15

24

40

31

50

27

44

50

16

20

50

20

46

23

11

57

16

34

E

N a 2

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

•3

 E

.8 N

E

N

E

N

E

N

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

16

40

16

16

16

17

16

17

17

17

18

19

21

17

23

20

33

11

42

05

09

23.3

15.7

06

00

17 54

06 18

90°A

18 04

15 00

11 25

225.0°A

J2 00

11 33

04 15

09 20

90° A

215° A

+66

+81

36.8A

+78

+73.5

+55.0

4 2 . OA

+04

+61

+85

+53.3

47A

45A

81.5A

25A

+40.5

+48

+79

Meridian 84A

+6.5

+3

+2

+3

+3

+2

+2

+2

+2

+2

+3

+4

+6

+8

2 to 2.5

+1

+6

+2
256 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

52

'57

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

October 19

(continued)

Chattanooga,

Tenn.

062 035 085

Arlington,

Va.

071 039 077

Edlnburg,

Tex.

066 026 098

Sunnyvale,

Calf.

078 037 122

Yokkalchl,

Japan

258 035 317

Otsu,

Japan

269 035 316

Kashiwara,

Japan

222 034 316

Oaaka-¥omluru,

Japan

241 035 316

Milwaukee,

Wis.

074 043 088

85*15'37 "w

35 01 02 N

61 30 W

51 30 N

98 10.35

26 18.34

122 30 W

37 22.45 N

136 39 00 E

35 00 15 N

135 52 08 E

35 00 24 N

135 48 15 E

34 30 24 N

135 30 30 E

34 41 51 N

88 08 54 W

42 58 08 N

Manhattan,

Kans. 96 28.85 w

027 O39 096 39 09.75 N

Tulsa,

Okla.

054 036 096

Kansas City,

Mo.

036 039 095

Lincoln,

Nebr.

038 041 097

Peorla,

111.

023 041 090

Bryan,

Tex.

O65 031 096

Ft. Worth,

Tex.

068 033 097

95 57 V

36 03 N

94 34 52 W

39 02 02 N

96 39.2 W

40 50.3 N

89 35 51 W

40 45 19 N

Satellite

1957

al

al

al

al

al

a2

a2

al

a2

al

al

al

al

al

a2

al

al

al

al

al

al

a2

al

al

al

al

Time

observed

h ,n

10 14

Right ascension

or azimuth

al 10 36 00

11 14 38.2

11 14 39.2

11 14 41.2

11 14 44.0

11 25 35.2

11 25 40

12 48 08

13 01 47

19 07 33

19 08 25-3

19 08 35

19 08 56

11 12 45

11 12 58

11 13 30

11 14 49

11 17 08

11 35

11 12 O3.5

11 12 21.3

11 13 03.5

11 12 12

11 13 09

11 14 44

11 14 58

11 45 39

11 12 43

06 18

45°A

45°A

45°A

45°A

45°A

45° A

05 55

06 44 42

39.8°A

37°A

27°A

06 05

03 54

03 56

03 40

04 16

05 38

03 59

04 12

04 48

05 42

03 05 15

05 25

05 43

07 04 _

07 35+Kr

04 34

11 12 30 05 25

11 12 53 05 42

11 12 52 23O°A

96 20 01 W al 11 13 05 47

Declination or

altitude

+49! 5

+34

55A

53.5A

55A

53A

79A

79A

+08

+27

57.4A

53A

55A

+88

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

-14

-17

-13

-20

-27

-00°

+14°

+04°

+10.

+28

+07°

-00°

-26°

-37

20'

40'

15'

05

20'

20'

30-

to -41

-02°30'

-09.0

-14.8

22.5A

+48°06'

NW-SE

N-S

N-S

N-S

N-S

N-S

N-S

97 22 10 W al

32 44 40 N

11 13 38 (06 30

( 0°A

+1

+1

+1

+1

+ 6

+6

+1

Very faint

+2

+ 2

+ 2

+2

+ 1

+ 2

+ 1

+ 2

+3

+5 t o +6

+1.5

+1.5

+1

+1

+2.5

+3

+5

+2

+3 to +6

+1.5 max.

+2

+2
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 257

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

October 19

(continued)

Ft. Worth,

Tex.

069 033 097

New Orleans,

La.

030 030 090

New Orleans

(Tulane)

031 030 090

San Antonio,

Tax.

O89 029 098

Akita,

Japan

200 040 320

Kanayamachi,

Japan

220 034 315

Sendai,

Japan

246 038 321

October 20

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Station

coordinates

97°

32

90

29

90

29

98

29

140

39

135

34

140

38

71

42

21'

42

01

57

07

56

29

27

07

41

15

03

51

51

07

22

45'

27

W

N

W

N

11

25

02

42

10

46

56

22

46

48

'W

N

w

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

W

N

Satel

lite

1957

al

al

al

al

New Haven,

Conn.

O87 041 072

St. Louis,

Mo.

080 039 090

Chattanooga,

Tenn.

062 035 O85

Peoria,

111.

023 041 090

Bryan,

Tex.

06 5 031 096

Ft. Worth,

Tex.

069 033 097

72 56 50 w

41 19 58 N

90 11 50 w

38 37 59 N

85 15 37 W

35 01 02 N

89 35 51 W

40 45 19 N

96 20 01 W

30 38 15 N

97 21 45 W

32 42 27 N

al

al

al

al

al

Time Right asobserved cension

or azimuth

llh12m19S O6nl4m 3

11 12 27 06 25

11 13 42 270°A

11 14 18 /0 4 40

|270A

11 14 08 08 12

19 09 10 06 17

19 09 35 85.8°A

19 10 11 06 57

09 26 53.6

09 50 07.2

09 54 31.8

10 24 20.5

10 24 37.5

09 27 13

09 28 41

09 31 56

11 05 19

10 26

211 "A

236°A

232.5°A

278 °A

272.5°A

l8O°A

05 44

10 23.0

05 32.0

01 20

Manhattan,

Kans. 96 28.85 W al

027 039 096 39 09.75 N al

al

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

02

02

03

03

03

04

05

05

05

02

02

03

03

03

03

04

42

41.2

12.3

36

37

19.4

07.8

54.7

55.3

52.5

58

02.5

03

04

22

31

230'

04

04

05

05

06

07

07

07

04

05

05

05

05

05

06

'A

30

31

51

49

01

02

35

44

50

09

09

0 8

33

47

40

Declination or

altitude

+35° '

+3O°3O>

60A

+19.'

42A

+38.5

-02

44.1A

-14

24A

12A

30A

20A

20A

60A

-35

•»33.7

-35.1

+46

20A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

+64°

+65°

+37°

+37°

-14°

-15

-26°

-28°

+32°

+28

+28

+28

-17

-22

-32°

12

18

36

54

24

12

54

45

15

15

45

50

NW-SE

NW-SE

+1 to 2

+ 2

+2

+1

+ 2

+2

Bright

Faint

+ 4, White

+ 2, White

+4.5

+3 varying

+ 2

+2

+ 2

+2

+4

+ 3, Reddish

2.5

3

3.5
258 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 ol and a2

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued;

ol and qg by Moonwatch teams

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

October 20

(continued)

Kansas City,

Ho. 94°34'52"W

036 039 095 39 02 02 N

Satel- Time Right as- Decllnllte observed censlon atlon or

1957 or azimuth altitude

New Orleans,

La.

030 030 090

Pt. Worth,

Tex.

068 033 097

New Orleans,

La.

031 030 090

Dayton,

Ohio

062 040 084

EdInburg,

Tex.

066 026 098

Tulsa,

Okla.

054 036 096

Des Molnes,

Iowa

026 042 094

Waco,

Tex.

093 032 097

Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

041 035 107

90 01 W

29 57 N

97 22 10 W

32 44 40 N

90 07 w

29 56 N

84 15 w

39 50 N

98 10.35 W

26 18.34 N

95 57 W

36 03 N

?3 41 30 w

%2 0 0 N

97 O5.5 W

31 38.5 N

106 38 36 W

35 05 03 N

01 ll h03 m20s O3n26m3Os

al 11 06 26 06 38

02 11 44 26 07 10

11 03 46 270"A

al 11 03 53 06 39

a2 11 30 19 06 59

al 11 03 56 /270°A

04 19

al 11 04 240°A

al 11 04 28.8 225°A

al 11 04 35 06 32

al 11 05 04 06 45

al 11 07 16 180"A

a3 11 24 27 180"A

al 12 40 33 295°A

-07° '

-43°20'

+41

35A

fi

20A

66A

-26°25'

-32°40'

04.5A

28°3l'3O'

20A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

NW-S

2 to 4

2 to 4

7 to 8

Varying

0.5°/s 2 to 2.5

4.5 to 7

+6

2 to 3

October 21

Nagano,

Japan

234 036 318

Honjo,

Japan

212 036 319

Mltake,

Japan

229 O36 320

Musashlno,

Japan

233 O36 320

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Philadelphia,

Pa.

058 040 O75

137 50 44 E

35 30 50 N

139 11 05 E

36 14 25 N

139 32 31 E

35 40 20 N

139

35

34 35 E

8

3

5 N

71 07 46 W

42 22 48 N

75 00 42 W

39 57 28 N

08 48 29 155 ^

08 48 34 144°A

08 48 57 23 20

08 48 58 137.7°A

11 06 35.8 12O°A

11 06 54.4 114°A

al 23 22 00 0°A

09. OA

14A

-11

13.7A

18A

18A

40A

+ 2

+1.5,

Reddish

October 22

Manhattan,

Kans. 96 28.85 W

027 039 096 39 09.75 N

Las Cruces,

N. Mex. 106 50 50 W

042 032 107 32 19 42 N

al 00 43 04 22 48 30 -14 14

a2 01 20 56 122°A 70A

+1

1.3°/s +5 or +6
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 259

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

Satel- Time

lit e observed

1957

Right ascension

or azimuth

Declination or

altitude

Dlrec- Angular

tlon velocity

October 22

(continued)

Toyama,

Japan

254 037 317

Higashlm,

Japan

210 036 319

Musashlno,

Japan

233 036 320

Manazuru,

Japan

228 035 319

Toyohashi,

Japan

255 035 317

Takada,

Japan

250 037 318

Suwa,

Japan

248 036 318

Sapporo,

Japan

245 043 321

Kurume Machi,

Japan

227 036 220

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

137°

36

139

36

139

35

139

35

137

34

138

37

138

36

141

43

139

35

71

42

42

23

02

34

42

08

09

24

45

15

06

07

00

22

04

31

45

07

22

13

54

22

15

46

23

37

09

22

38

43

13

13

49

48

18

46

48

'E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

W

N

a2

a2

08

08

08

09

09

08

08

08

08

08

08

08

09

11

11

I IT

36

36

36

36

23

29

36

37

37

37

37

37

24

36

36

1 s

15

29

38.

50

51.

20.

40

52.

53.

08

23

38

52

21.

10

42

7

7

6

4

1

8

90.

22h

135°

120.

315°

315°

iS:

75°

90°

23

01

22

14

306c

302'

0°A

33-

A

5°A

A

A

5°A

5°A

A

A

15

34

38

07

'A

'A

Silver Spring,

Md. 77 00 23 W

032 039 077 39 05 50 N

Dover,

N. J.

O39 041 075

74 31 45 w

40 57 30 N

al

a2

a2

a l

22 54

23 50 02.5

23 50 54

22 53 52

Millbrook,

N. Y. 73 37 27 W

045 072 074 41 51 30 N

al 22 54 05

22 54 34

New Haven,

Conn.

O87 04l 072

Bryn Athyn,

Pa.

O55 040 075

73 W

41 N

(Observed

40 08 N

75 04 W

79 56 W

37 19 N

al 22 55

a2 23 17

by 4 people at home

al

a3

a3

a3

22 55 o 23 29 48

23 30 09

23 30 53

Roanoke,

Va.

073 037 080

Washington,

D. C. 77 11 34 W

014 039 077 38 53 18 N

(Not at station)

a2 23 29 10

a2 23 48 45

95°A

90°A

00 35

00 07

23 03

00 02

120° A

120°A

of R. Brown,

135 "A

18 30

0°A

01 30

21 25

Zenith

-2k

21.4A

22.5A

22.5A

27A

21A

21°40'A

15A

16A

-25

+10.5

-27.9

+55.9

40A

56A

20A

80A

+55 15

-10

-17°20'

-07°50'

E-N

SE-NE

35A S-NE

37-38A S-NE

Team Leader in Milford, Conn.)

20A

+45

71A

+58

r48

90A

SE-NE

SW-NE

SW-NE

SW-NE

Magnitude

and color

+3

+1

+1

+7 to +8

+3 to +4

+1

+1

+1

+3.5

+6

+4 to +5

+2, Yelloworange

+1

43 or +4

+1 or +2

+4

+4

+4
260 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellite s 1957 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

October 23

Santa Barbara,

Calif.

009 034 120

Los Angeles,

Calif.

100 034 118

Nagano,

Japan

234 036 318

Mltake,

Japan

229 036 320

Kurume Machi,

Japan

227 036 320

Station Satel- Time Right as- Decllncoordinates lite observed cension atlon or

1957 or azimuth altitude

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

Sendai,

Japan

246 038 321

Waco,

Tex.

070 032 097

119*41'3O"W a l 02 h0 3 ml l s 19h43 m38s +45°01'30" SW-NE

34 24 30 N (Zenit h t o horizonj n lm 44s. Haze and clouds.)

118 14 17 W

33 59 41 N

137 50 44 E

35 30 50 N

139 32 31 E

35 40 20 N

139 31 48 E

35 45 18 N

140 51 56 E

38 15

 ld2 N

97 07 W

31 34 N

a l

a l

a2

a3

al

a2

02 03 50

08 23 15

08 23 26

08 23 34

09 13 15

09 24 25

08 24 49

(Temporary location)

23 14 00

00 08 00

0°A

112°A

105°A

98.1°A

315°A

315°A

01 36

18 25

18 25

45A

23A

22A

23.9A

21A

17A

+22

(Oct. 24 U.T.)

+38

+38

SW-NE

Bright

+1 to +2

+2

-1

+1

+1

+1.5

October 24

San Antonio,

Tex.

089 029 098

Ft. Worth,

Tex.

069 033 097

St. Louis,

Mo.

080 039 090

Whittier,

Calif.

012 034 118

Los Angeles,

Calif.

100 034 118

Asahlgawa,

Japan

201 044 322

Hofu,

Japan

213 034 312

Roanoke,

Va.

O73 037 080

98 29 11 w

29 27 25 N

al

a3

00 12 12

00 57 00

18 45

16 45

+28°34'

+10°50'

3°/s

97 21 45 W al 00 12 49 200°A 35A

32 42 27 N al 00 13 00 f 19 49 +19"»

(l80°A 76AJ

(Second observation a meridian transit, altitude 76° S.)

90 11 50 w

38 37 59 N

118 01 35 w

33 58 40 N

118 14 17 W

33 59 41 N

142 21 50 E

43 46 27 N

131 33 56 E

34 03 13 N

79 56 W

37 19 N

a l

al

al

al

al

a2

a2

a2

00 13 59

01 49 02

01 49 07

01 49 08

01 49 22

03 01 31

09 07 02

09 44 43

23 19

16 34.5

15 33

14 55

0°A

275°A

314.5°A

20 45

-10.4

+77.5

+77.75

+78.5

29A

Zenith

2 6 . OA

09.2A

78A

W-N

SW-NE

+ 2

Very faint

-3

+1

+2.5, Yellow

0 to +1

(Varying)

+1 to +4

+3

+h

+7

October 25

Whittier,

Calif. 118 01

012 034 118 33 5840 N

cd 01 30 36 15 46 +21.5

280°A 40A

(fade out position)

SW-N +2
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 261

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 ol and g2 by Moonwatch teama

through Dec. Y7i95T2l (continued l ;

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

October 25

(continued)

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Milwaukee,

Wis.

074 043 088

Los Angeles,

Calif.

100 034 118

October 28

Struthers,

Ohio

075 041 081

October 29

Adelaide,

Australia

600 125 319

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

October 31

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

Station

coordinates

71'

42

88

42

118

33

80,

41

138

34

115

32

115

32

»07 '46'

22 48

08

58

14

59

.5

07.

36

55

51

00

51

00

54

08

17

41

'V

N

W

N

W

N

W

.5 N

14

14

10

07

10

07

E

S

E

S

E

S

Satellite

1957

cxl

o d

al

al

al

al

Time

observed

10*

23

23

01

22

04

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

l08"

S

33

55

15

%

59

09

09

10

15

l44S

57

55

42

16.5

05

11

25

09

40

18.5

51

Right ascension

or azimuth

214'

Y

22

05

0°*

l80c

54'

46'

91

120

63'

77

93

140

A

V

10

1

"A

"A

'15

05

04

'58

51

36

13

1 s

'A

A

A

'A

A

A

A

Declination or

altitude

13A° '

+88" •

+57

27A

30A

48A

51 "17'A

51 01 A

36 57 A

37 24A

37 50A

34 43A

02 48 A

Direc- Angular

tlon velocity

Magnitude

and color

NE-S

+2

+7, White

+2 to +1

November 9

Ft. Worth,

Tex.

068 033 097

97 22 10 W

32 44 40 N

Chattanooga,

Tenn. 85 15 37 W

062 035 O85 35 01 02 N

Sydney,

Australia 151 05 4l W

602 124 331 33 54 43 S

a l

09 33 35 06 55

10 39 01 03 05

15 18

17 02

08 42

01 58.3

+67

+51

19.8

-13*38'

SSW-NNE

SW-NE

or +8

November 12

Sydney,

Australia 151 05 41 W

602 124 331 33 54 43 S

a l 15 26 13 17 10 -67

November 23

Sydney,

Australia 151 05 41 E

602 124 331 33 54 43 S

al 11 00 19 08 30 -62.5

November 24

Columbus,

Ohio

O51 040 O83

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 039 121

83 01 15 w

39 58 45 N

121 OO.36 W

38 41.33 N

a l

a l

00

00

00

01

01

01

16

16

16

45

47

47

40

s

23

19

19

.6

.1

.9

17

18

18

10

03

03

54

3

12

42

39

.3

.1

.9

+19

+19

+16

+65.24

+47.46

+47.56

Over +3

460132 O— 5S
262 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through pec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

November 24

(continued)

Portland,

Oreg. 122*37'33"W

076 045 123 45 29 19 N

Boise,

Idaho 116 27 30 W

018 044 116 43 36 30 N

Phoenix,

Satel- Time Right as- Decllnllte observed censlon atlon or

1957 or azimuth altitude

al 01h45m538 01h22m598 +60!01' "

(Occulted Delta Cassiopeia)

+60

01 46 13 01 22 30

Direc- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

0 to +1

al 01 46 25 Zenith

Ariz.

022 O33

Oakland

Calif

006 038

Hofu,

Japan

213 O34

112

t

122

312

Hiroshima,

Japan

211 034 312

Mltake,

Japan

229 036

Himeji,

Japan

262 O35

Otsu,

Japan

269 O35

320

315

316

Musashino,

Japan

233 O36 320

Kanayamachi,

Japan

220 034 315

Yokkaichi,

Japan

258 035 317

Nilgata,

Japan

238 038

Miyazak]

Japan

230 032

Takada,

Japan

250 037

Kochi,

Japan

264 034

3endai,

Japan

246 033

319

311

318

314

321

112

33

122

37

131

34

132

34

139

35

134

34

135

35

139

35

135

34

M

O0 00VJl OS

139

37

131

31

138

37

133

140

38

04

27

12

46

33

03

28

22

3 2

40

41

50

52

00

34

42

15

03

39

00

00

54

25

25

SI

30

51

15

V

N

.0

00

56

13

10

08

31

20

24

25

08

24

£

10

46

00

15

3?26

24

53

22

38

35

56

22

W

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

E

N

Ol

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

al

01

01

01

01

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

48

48

49

48

23

23

24

24

26

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

25

25

25mm

m

CM CM CM

27

57

12

56

25

33

22

43

04

23

32

32.7

41

52

52

56

32

06

09

04

19

34

13

17

00

03

0°;

22

18

19

21

16

253

270'

20

20

240'

02

02

20

00

20

208.

21

15

00

15

16

\

20

35

00

24

10

.7°A

'A

55

37

'A

24

06

41

09

10

8°A

00

90A

+68

+85

+61

+25°30'

34A

+77

+21.5

+12.48

-23.00

+62

58.2A

32A

+47

+15

30A

+50

+ 23

- 1 0

+29

-14

23.3°A

-32

NW-SE +2

+3, Dull red

+1

+ 2

+ 2

+6

+1

+2

+2

+1

+2

+1

+ 1

+ 3

+ 2

+1

+1

+ 1

+ 2
MOONWATC H OBSERVATIONS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and a2 by Hoonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, (continuedJ

263

Date (U.T.) Station SatelStatlcn name coordinates lit e

Code number 1957

November 24

(continued)

Perth,

Australia 115°51 '10"E

602 124 042 32 00 07 S

Time

observed

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

71 07 46 W

42 22 48 N

North Canton,

Ohio 81 27 19 W

053 041 081 40 55 55 N

Bryn Athyn,

Pa.

055 040 075

Ft. Belvoir,

Va.

077 039 077

Columbus,

Ohio

051 040 O83

Washington,

D. C.

014 039 077

U

7

i

83

39

77

38

04

08

11

45

01

58

06

58

w

N

. 3 W

. 5 N

15 *

45 N

,5 W

. 5 N

(These three

observations

not at

station)

Silver Spring,

Md.

032 039 077

Arlington,

Va.

071 039 077

New Haven,

Conn.

O87 041 072

a l

a2

a2

al

al

a l

a l

a l

Right ascension

or azimuth

14 1837?O 246*43'A

14 19 00.7 24l*l6'A

14 20 30.1 219 35 A

339°A

312*A

197°A

176°A

174.5°A

22 48 07.2

22 48 11.0

23 03 13

23 04 23.4

23 04 32.8

23 01 31

23 01 36

23 02 39

23 04 30

23 05 17

al 23 01 45 l80°A

al 23 01 49 02 12

al 23 01 55 2*

(NW of Delta

Cephei)

Declination or

altitude

07°20'A"

08 20 A

07 45 A

85.5A

8 8 A

23A

12A

11A

+35.5

Direc- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

19 35

22 24

l6l*A

116*A

+44

-01

15A

09A

51A

+22

NW-SE

Faint

Bright

+1

-1

+1

3

11

39

3

72

41

06

49

03.

54.

00

05

61

51

56

19

VI

N

2 W

2 N

23 w

50 N

30 w

30 N

50 w

58 N

a l

a l

a l

a l

a l

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

02

02

02

02

02

02

02

03

02

21

11.

3 2

 •

43.

16

39

3 1 .

5

5

5

5

60*A

23 40

90°A

00 07

00 36

308*52.6'

358*20'

176°A

80A

+28

87A

+25

+30

+36

+14

21A

. 5

.7

•25'

.75

NW-SE

NNW-SSE

NW-SE

+1 varyln)

+1

- 2

+1 t o +2

1 varying

Yelloworange

November 25

Idaho Falls,

Idaho 112 03 25 W

019 043 112 42 30 01 N

Milwaukee,

wis.

074 043 088

Denver,

Colo.

87 58 45 w

42 59 25 N

013 040 105 r 39 44 52 N)

Lemont,

111.

022 042 088

87 59 41 W

41 41 48 N

al 00 31 58 90*A

(Not a t station)

al 00 36 28 19 30

(Not at station)

(104 56 36 w) al 00 3

t 39 44 52 N) 00 4'

a l

125°A

90* A

25 t o 30A

-18

(One mile south of station )

15.5A

30A

00 33 40

00 34 09

19 02

19 44

-09.8

-17.5

NW-SE

NW-SE

N-S
264 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites IS

through Dec. 1, J9:

r al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

(continued;

Sate (U.T.) Station SatelStatlfln name coordinates lite

Code number 1957

Time Right as- Decllnobserved censlon atlon or

or azimuth altitude

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

November 25

(continued)

North Canton

Ohio

053 041 081

Tucson,

Ariz.

003 032 111

Oakland,

Calif.

006 038 122

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 O39 121

Whittier,

Calif.

012 034 118

8l°27'19"W

40 55 55 N

110 56 09 w

32 13 59 N

(These are

three

separate

objects)

122 12.0 W

37 46 00 N

121 16 59 W

38 38 43 N

118 01 35 w

33 58 40 N

ol

a2

al

al

al

al

00h2lm17S

00 21 41

00 35 24

00 35 43.5

00 43 45

00 44 42

01 50 22

01 51 00

01 51 56

02 07 04

02 08 59

02 03 15

02 03 54.4

02 04 27.8

02 03 50

02 04 36.3

02 05 19.2

02 05 54

19h27B

20 41

19 32

19 52

314°A

90°A

290°A

316°A

04°A

44BA

22 19

22 10 07

23 35

20 40.6

22 51.7

23 40.8

22 48

8 -22T4 ' "

-17.8

-21.8

-27.9

Zenith

36A

40A

43A

26A

2 8A NNW-SSE

58°O5' NW-SE

62

(Meridian observation)

28°25>

+50.17

+08.88

-14.80

+O8.3

NW-SE

3, Orange

3, Yellow

5

1

1, Orange

0

0

-1

0

0

Walnut Creek,

Calif. 122 04 30 W

Oil 038 122 37 55 30 N

Asahigawa,

Japan

al 02 04 17

142 21 50 E al

201 044 322 43 46 27 N

08 05 34

08 06 25

Sendal,

Japan

246 O38 321 38 15 22 N

140 51 56 E al 08 05 46

Kurume Machi,

Japan

227 O36 320

Mitake,

Japan

229 O36 320

Takada,

Japan

250 O37 318

Otsu,

Japan

269 O35 316

Sydney,

Australia

602 124 331

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

139 31 48 E

35 45 18 N

139 32 31 E

35 40 20 N

138 15 22 E

37 06 38 N

135 52 08 E

35 00 24 N

151 05 41 E

32 00 07 N

a3

al

08 07 17

08 08 38

08 09 06

0" 41 15

08 06 59

al 08 07 47

22 32

20 52

22 53

O6.7°A

76.0°A

116.7*A

01 34

19 40

45.0°A

03 10

al 09 39 03 17 38

al 09 40 32 258°A

al 09 59 22 04 03

Rantoul,

111.

092 040 088

115 51 10 E

32 00 07 S

88 09 04 W

40 17 51 N

ol 13 01 32.O 202°17'/

13 01 48. 48.44 197 38

13 01 51.6

13 04 42.1

196 01

165 38

23 14 O6.5 02 05

+38

+48

+13

24.6A

35.9A

19.6A

-13

-26

2 4 . OA

+28

+14

18A

- 1 3

33°14'A

31 53

31 15

06 26

44.8

NNW-SSE 1, Yellowwhite

NW-SE

+1 max.

1 or 2
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 265

Table 1.—Observations of Satellite s 1957 al and o2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

November 25

(continued)

Evansvllle,

Ind.

094 038 088

Las Cruoes,

N. Mex.

042 032 107

Danville,

111.

021 040 088

Wllmore,

Ky.

029 038 O85

St. Louis,

Mo.

080 039 090

Terre Haute,

Ind.

025 039 O87

Cincinnati,

Ohio

050 039 O85

Sliver Spring,

Md.

032 039 077

Bristol,

Tenn.

097 037 082

Washington,

D. C.

014 039 077

(Not at

station)

Greensboro,

N C

049*036 080

Roanoke,

Va.

073 037 080

Sylacauga,

Ala.

001 033 086

W. Balm Beach,

Pla.

016 027 080

Ft. Belvoir,

Va.

O77 039 077

Amarillo,

Tex.

064 035 102

Station Satel- Time Right as- Declincoordinates lit e observed cension ation or

1957 or azimuth altitude

87° 31' 51" W

37 58 15 N

106 50 50 W

32 19 42 N

87 37 34 W

40 08 57 N

84 39 54 w

37 51 36 N

90 11 50 w

38 37 59 N

87 23 50 w

39 31 38 N

84 42 35 W

39 11 30 N

77 00 23 W

39 05 50 N

82 09 29 w

36 35 03 N

77 03.2 w

38 54.2 N

al 22n15m008 90°A

1.5°

(Below Alpha Andromedae)

a l

77 11.3 W

38 45.5 N

22 46 33

22 47 03

23 14 10

02h50m

01 52

908A

+41°

+20

49A

al 23 14 30 0"A 85A

(See November 26 for second observation)

al 23 13 41 02 56

a2 23 42 1 4 90°A

a3 23 42 22 90°A

al 23 14 26 908A

a2 23 49 28 2708A

+49.3

57A

59.3A

Dlrec- Angular

tlon velocity

NNW-SSE

N-S

NW-SE

NW-SE

NW-SE

43°28'A NNW-SSE I.l6°/s

77A 1.05°/s

al 23 14 27 NNW-SSE

(3° down from center of Square of Pegasus, on E-W line )

al 23 14 28 2708A

a l 23 15 23

23 18 00

270°A

149 A

al 23 15 36 2458A

79 52 02 W al 23 15 10 l80°A

36 04 39 N

79 56 W al 23 16 22 00

37 19 N

86 15 13 W a2 23 16 14 90'A

33 09 45 N

80 04 40 W al 23 16 17 90°A

26 39 30 N

77 11.3 W al 23 18 50 l80°A

26A

87A

17A

35A

46A

+27*51'

NW-SE

NW-SE l"/s

NNW-SSE

NNW-SSE

25°51'A N-SE 12*/9s

101 50 W al 23 46 13.5 270°A

35 13 30 N

35A

15A

61.5A

NW-SE

NW-SE

To SSE

Magnitude

and colo r

1. varying

1 , Yellow

1 , White

2 , Redorange

1.5 , White

to yellow

4, Deep

yellowish

4

- 1 , Yellowred

0 to +1

1, Bluewhite

- 1 , White

+2, White

+1

- 1 , Orange

+1, Yellowwhite

+1

November 26

tag Spring,

Tex.

083 032 101

101 26 33 W al 00 32 43 59°A

32 15 11 N 00 47 07 2708A

70A

85A

1, Reddish

0
266 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

'Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

November 26

(continued)

Satel- Time Right as- Declin- Direc- Angular Magnitude

lite observed cension ation or tion velocity and color

1957 or azimuth altitude

Spokane,

Wash.

086 048 118

San Angelo,

Tex.

105 031 100

Idaho Falls,

Idaho

019 043 112

Wilmore,

Ky.

029 038 O85

Denver,

Colo.

013 040 105

Manhattan,

Kans.

027 039 096

Yankton,

S. Dak.

061 043 097

Lawton,

Okla.

110 035 098

117'

47

100

31

112

43

84

37

104

39

96

39

8

98

34

37

27

27

03

30

39

51

8

28

09

23

52

24

39

•O1"W

3 7 N

4 7 W

1 9 N

3 5 W

0 1 N

54 w

36 N

36 w

52 N

.85 w

.75 N

26 w

4 2 N

1 2 W

4 5 N

a l

a l

a l

a l

al

al

a l

a l

00W

00 42

00 48

00 43

00 43

00 44

00 44

00 46

00 47

00 44

00 44

02

50

37

30

15

19

13

29

58

3"E of Polaris

20h40m 3

00 05 00

90°A

225°A

18 35

16 32

18 57 32

16 33

17 48

Meridian

+31°

-29.

80°

20A

+40

+22

-08°

+20

+06

20A

27119"

5

t o 85°A

0 2 '

NW-SE

0.6%

NW-SE

NNE-SSW

NW-SE .

0.71%

- 1

0

+1

- 1

+2

+2

+2

+1

to +2,

White

.3

, Orange

, Redorange

, White

to 2.5,

White

.3

Kansas City,

Mo. 94 34 52 W

036 039 O95 39 02 02 N

al 00 45 07 17 25 +10

Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

041 035 107

New Orleans,

La.

030 030 090

Tulsa,

Okla.

054 036 096

Los Alamos,

N. Hex.

043 036 106

Waco,

Tex.

070 032 097

Wichita,

Kans.

028 038 097

San Antonio,

Tex.

O89 029 098

F t. Worth,

Tex.

068 033 097

106 38 36 W

35 05 03 N

90 01 w

29 57 N

a l 00 45 46 00 46. 1 +57°33'

NNW-SSE O.l9°/s

NW-SE

+2 to +5,

Yelloworange

+1

al 00 46 270°A

57 W

03 N

106 19 20 W

35 52 30 N

97 13 W

31 37 N

97 14 41 W

37 41 44 N

98 29 11 w

29 27 25 N

97 22 10 W

32 44 40 N

al

al

a2

00 46 14

00 49 54

00 46 16

01 25 01

al 00 47 44

18 06

22 22

00 30

21 14

21 05

20A

+9°3O'

-45 40

+20

+10.8

09.3 NW-SE

al 00 47 42.8 Tangent to bottom of Moon NW-SE

al 00 47 55 20 12 25°30'

al 00 47 54 20 12 -17

NW-SE

NW-SE

0.8

3, Orange

+1

1 to 2

NNW-SSE

NNW-SSE

NW-SE

NW-SE

0

2 %

 8

+ 2 ,

+3

+2

+1

+6

White

•

t o +6
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 267

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites ic

through Dec. 1, 19f

57 otl and a2 by Moonwatch teams

7 (continued)

Date (U.T.)

Statloi name

Code number

November 26

(continued)

Edlnburg,

Tex.

066 026 098

Bryan,

Tex.

065 031 096

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 039 121

Oakland,

Calif.

006 O38 122

Station Satelcoordlnates lite

1957

Time Right asobserved censlon

or azimuth

98"10 J135 'V

26 18.34

96 20 01 W

30 38 15 N

122 04 30 W

37 46 00 N

San Francisco,

Calif. 122 27 53 W

008 O38 122 37 46 10 N

Whlttler,

Calif.

012 034 118

118 01 35 W

33 58 40 N

Walnut Creek,

Calif. 122 04 30 W

Oil 038 122 37 55 30 N

al

al

al

a2

a l

121 16.59 W al

38 38.43 N

a2

a l

a l

a l

a l

OOh48m57S

00 48 57

00 50 39

01 28 39

00 49 42

00 47 59.5

02 15 46.2

02 16 06.1

02 17 11.7

03 05 06

02 16 53

02 17 22.5

02 17 14

02 17 19

02 17 24

45°A

45°A

339.5°A

45 A

h, m s

21 42 00

19 34

17 32 3^

18 05 10

20 35 10

21 15 28

19 18 00

20 22

20 21

20 21

18 19

02 17 25.5 20 22

Declination or

altitude

80A°

78A

23A

40A

.33.32.

+07.4

+16.54

+09.66

-25.16

-32.42

-17 30

-13

-15

+10.3

-17°3O'

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

NNW-SSE 2

2

1.8°/s +6, White

NW-SE 0 t o 1 , Red

Red

White

To SW +8

NW-SE 1 and 2,

White

White

NW-SE 0 max.,White

2 to 6,

Reddish

NW-SE 1 to 2,

Yellowwhite

China Lake,

CaBf.

098 036 118

117 38 19 w

35 "3 3 S

al 02 17 44.54 265!276A 19"7O6A

117 36 al 02 17 45 240°A 25A

35 40 43 N

(Not at station but at coordinates shown. First observation,

Los Angeles,

Calif.

100 034 118

Santa Barbara,

Calif.

009 034 120

Asahigawa,

Japan

201 044 322

Kumamoto,

Japan

225 033 311

Kagoshlma,

Japan

218 032 311

Sydney,

Australia

602 124 331

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

Red Bank,

N. J.

040 040 074

118 14 17 W

33 59 41 N

119 41 30 W

34 24 30 N

142 21 50 E

43 46 27 N

130 44 34 E

32 46 57 N

130 31 47 E

31 31 34 N

151 05 41 E

33 54 43 S

115 51 10 E

32 00 07 s

74 05 w

40 17 40 N

a l

a l

a l

a l

a l

02 18 59

02 20 18

08 17 57

08 20 00

09 52 05

09 52 18

10 10 01

19 04

l80°A

20 14

22 45

19 34

19 35

20 15

11 38 09.2 63'02'A

11 38 17.8 67 06 A

11 38 44.0 78 11 A

21 50 16 43°A

-05

14.5A

-16

-34

-24

-23

-48

20°01'A

20 16 A

20 00 A

33.5A

NW-SE

Askania data.)

NW-SE 1 to 3

NW-SE +2, Whiteyellow

+1 max.

NW-SE
268 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 at and ct2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued;

Date (O.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

November 26

(continued)

Cambridge,

Mass. 71°O7'46"W

099 042 071 42 22 48 N

Baltimore,

Md.

088 039 077

Cleveland,

Ohio

052 042 082

Harrisonburg,

Va.

072 038 079

Terre Haute,

Ind.

025 039 O87

North Canton,

Ohio

053 041 08l

Danville,

111.

021 040 088

Lemont,

111.

022 042 088

Dayton,

Ohio

O82 040 084

Bristol,

Tenn.

097 037 082

Roanoke,

Va.

073 037 080

Evansville,

Ind.

094 038 088

76 35 25 W

39 24 28 N

81 47 44 W

41 29 46 N

77 11.3 W

38 45.5 N

87 23 50 w

39 31 38 N

81 27 19 W

50 55 55 N

87 37 34 W

40 08 57 N

87 59 41 W

41 41 48 N

84 15 50 W

39 50 52 N

82 09 29 w

36 35 03 N

79 56 W

37 19 N

87 31 51 W

37 58 15 N

Satel- Time Right as- Declinllte observed cension atlon or

1957 or azimuth altitude

21 50 18 34.2° A 73.°5A

21 50 39.2 100A 72A

23 09 45 267A 10A

23 13 32.8 220.5A 07A

al 22 28 00 .5° directly below Pomalhaut To SSE

Direc- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

St. Louis,

Mo. 90 11 50 W

080 039 090 38 37 59 N

Athens,

Oa.

O79 034 O83

Wllmore,

029 O38 O85

Hapeville,

Ga.

017 034 084

Greensboro,

N. C.

049 036 080

Sylacauga,

Ala.

001 003 086

83 19 25 w

33 57 06 N

84 39 54 w

37 51 36 N

84 17 03 w

33 47 27 N

79 52 02 W

36 04 39 N

86 15 20 W

33 10 20 N

Bright

Faint

od 23 23 23 18 37 30

oa 23 23 30 19 32 30

al 23 24 18 225°A

22A

51A

47A

44°28'A

-17°50'

+08

al 23 05 20 270°A

23 15 52 27O°A

ca 23 21 40 270° A

oa 23 22 55 l80°A

ca 23 22 59 19h23m

ca 23 22 03 19 55

ca 23 22 20 270"A

ca 23 22 18 282°A

23 22 40 270°A

23 23 44 214 A

ca 23 22 07 19 28

23 22 16 270°A

ca 23 22 03 22 13

23 56 50 18 22

al 23 23+30 270°A

al 23 23 25 214°O6'A 34°53'A

+38°45'

+27 30

17A

SW-N 1/3 % 4, Reddish

NNW-SSE 7 or 8

NNW-SSE 10V7.4s 1, White

ll8° /

NNW-SSE

WNW-SSE l°/ s 0 t o 2

54A

03A

26A

27A

+24°

62A

+37.4

+21.9

45A

34°53'A

NW-SE

NW-SE

NNW-SSE

NNW-SSE

NW-SE

NW-SE

NW-SW

-1 or -2,

Reddish

3

1, Reddish

2

1 to 5,

Yellowwhite

0, White

4, Redorange

+2 or +3,

White

+3, Orange

white

NW-SE

NNW-SSE

a l 23 24 31 90°A 81°33'54"A NW-SE

+1 to +4

+1 to +2

+1 to +3
NO. 10 MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 269

Table 1.--Obaervatlons of Satellites 1957 al and o2 by Moonwatch teams

"Ehrough Dec. 1. 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

November 26

(continued)

W. Palm Beach,

Fla.

016 027 080 26 39 30 N

Satel- Time Right as- Declinllte observed censlon atlon or

1957 or azimuth altitude

80"04•40"W al 23h25m303 270°A

Arlington,

Va. 77 61 30 w

071 039 077 38 51 30 N

Schenectady,

N. Y. 73 52.6 W

081 043 074 42 49.8 N

Rantoul,

111.

092 040 088

88 09 04 W

40 17 51 N

Peorla,

111. 89 35 51 W

023 041 090 40 45 19 N

23 35 05

23 50 53 00 29

(Not a t station)

al 23 21 32.5 17.55

al 23 22 28 270°A

71A°

+12°23'

+13

+40.3

63.5A

.Dlrec- Angular

tion velocity

NNW-SSE

NNW-SSE

NW-SE l°/s

Magnitude

and color

+1 to -1,

Whiteorange

+4 to +6,

Orange

-2

+1 or +2

+1 to +2,

ELue-whlte

November 27

Ft. Worth,

Tex. 97 22 10 W

068 033 097 32 44 40 N

Spokane,

Wash. 117 21 01 W

086 048 118 47 37 37 N

Los Alamos,

N. Mex. 106 19 20 W

043 O36 106 35 52 30 N

Denver,

Colo. 104 56 36 W

013 040 105 39 44 52 N

Manhattan,

Kans. 96 28.85 W

027 O39 096 39 09.75 N

Phoenix,

Ariz. 112 04 W

022 O33 112 33 27 N

Albuquerque,

N. Mex. 106 38 36 W

041 035 107 35 05 03 N

Lawton,

Okla. 98 24 12 W

110 O35 198 34 39 45 N

Yankton,

S. Dak. 97 23 26 W

061 043 O97 42 52 42 N

Waco,

Tex. 97 05.5 W

093 032 097 31 38.5 N

Amarillo,

Tex. 101 50 W

064 O35 102 35 13 30 N

Walnut Creek,

Calif. 122 04 30 W

Oil 038 122 35 55 30 N

al 00 49 17 22 40 +30°25'

a l

a l

a l

00

00

00

00

00

49

50

49

53

52

43

13

57

51

270°

19

22

19

258.

48.3

54

53

5°A

60-65'A

+8°43'

+37

- 0 3

20.5A

NW-SE

NW-SE

NNW-S

4°/s

2°/8

0 to +2

+4, Wh'te

+1 to +6,

White

+3 to +6,

Yellowwhite

al 00 53 06 17 31

al 00 53 16 88°A

al 00 55 37.5 22 28

a2 01 23 49.5 2708A

al 00 55 02 237°09'A

al 01 03 27 02 25

al 00 51 42 00 42

a2 00 51 11 270°A

al 02 22 43.5 16 56

+01°571

40.5'

-32.6

25A

+14°27'A

+20

• 57.6

62A

+10.7

NW-SE

N-S

NW-SE

NW-SE

NW-SE

+ 3

+1, Reddish

+1

NW-SW 0.3'/s +2

+3

+1.8

+3

+3, Yellow
270 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellite s 1957 al and o2 by Moonwa.tch teams

through Dec. 1. 1957 (continued)

Sate (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

November 27

(continued)

Sacramento,

Calif. 12116.'59" W

007 039 121 38 38.43 N

Mlzusawa,

Japan 141 07 45 E

267 039 321 39 08 03 N

Takamatsu,

Japan 134 02 13 E

251 034 314 3* 20 28 N

Satel- Time

lite observed

1957

Right ascension

or azimuth

Mltake,

Japan 139

229 036 320 35

31 E

20 N

Hiroshima,

Japan 132 28 10 E

211 034 312 34 22 08 N

Manazuru,

Japan 139 08 46 E

228 035 319 35 09 23 N

Sendal,

Japan

246 038 321

Musashino,

Japan

233 036 320

Shizuoka,

Japan

247 035 318

Kanayamachl,

Japan

220 034 315

Kyoto,

Japan

259 035 316

Manazuru,

Japan

228 035 319

140 51 56 E

38 15 22 N

139 34 35 E

35 42 58 N

138 23 18 E

34 58 25 N

135 15 10 E

34 03 46 N

135 42 24 E

35 01 01 N

139 08 46 E

35 09 23 N

Himeji,

Japan 134 41 24 E

262 035 315 34 50 25 N

Nagoya,

Japan 136 59 11 E

236 035 317 35 08 57 N

Hon jo,

Japan 139 11 05 E

212 036 319 36 14 25 N

Otsu,

Japan 135 52 08 E

269 035 316 35 00 24 N

Toyohaahl,

Japan 135 24 37 E

255 035 317 34 45 09 N

al 02 25 02.2 19 21*2

02 25 O7.5 19 25.6

02 25 11.7 19 27.9

al 08 23 31 267.2A

al 08 25 26 202.1A

al 08 25 56 194.2A

al 08 26 11 190.6A

al 08 23 57 006.5A

al 08 23 52

08 24 05

08 24 08

al 08 23 23 09 38

al 08 24 30 18 47

08 24 54 19 45

08 26 11 22 05

al 08 24 00 254.7A

08 25 21 205.3A

al 08 24 17 270A

08 24 57.4 225.OA

al 08 24 29 270A

al 08 24 19 21 39

al 08 24 26 21 52

al 08 24 30 18 47

08 24 54 19 45

08 26 11 22 05

al 08 25 24 141.1A

al 08 25 22 180.0°A

al 08 25 50 196.5°

al 08 25 00 162.0*

al 08 25 26 22 15

Declination or

altitude

-25!88'

-27.49

-28.32

21.6A

16.4 A

13. OA

11.3A

45.8A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

17

17

17

05

37

50

+31

+27

+26

+83

+22

+05

-32

25.6A

20. OA

38.OA

41. OA

43. OA

+63

+33

+22

+05

-32

36.1 A

41. OA

31.5A

40. OA

-13

wsw-ssw +1

+2

+3

0

+5

+1

+1

+1

+3

0

+5

+1

+1

+2

+1
NO. 10 MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 271

Table 1.—Observations of Satellite s 1957 ol and <x2 by Moonwatch teamB

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

November 27

(continued)

Suwa,

Japan

238 O36 318

Takada,

Japan

250 037 318

Hlgashim,

Japan

210 O36 319

Kasukabe,

Japan

263 036 320

New Haven,

Conn.

O87 041 072

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Red Bank,

N. J.

040 040 074

Bryn Athyn,

Pa.

O55 040 O75

Cambridge,

Mass.

099 042 071

Los Alamo3,

N. Mex.

043 036 106

Station

coordinates

138°

36

138

37

139

36

139

35

72

41

71

42

74

4 0

75

40

71

42

1 0 6

35

0 7 1

0 0

15

06

23

0 2

44

58

56

19

07

2 2

05

17

04

08

07

2 2

19

52

43"

13

2 2

38

54

2 2

34

36

50

58

46

48

40

W

N

46

48

2 0

30

E

N

E

N

E

N

E

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

W

N

Satellite

1957

a l

a l

a l

a 2

a l

a l

a l

a l

a l

a l

a 2

a l

tnrough

Time

observed

08n24ml43

08

08

08

08

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

2 1

22

2 1

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

22

22

2 2

2 2

2 2

25 50

i 25 5^

25 06

55 20

52 10

52 30

52 45

54 30

53 06.

53 10.

53 ^7.

53 ^9.

53 50.

54 04.

5^ 13.

53 56

14 51.

58 38

29 11

46 14

46 3^

48 10.

48 18

48 34.

55 ^7.

55 53

56 12

56 25

8

6

0

8

8

0

6

5

,8

,2

,4

Dec. 1, ljof

Right ascension

or azimuth

I8h55ffl 3

22 17

22 24

20 17

290.0°A

3O5°A

295°A

280°A

187° A

244°A

239° A

199 °A

203.5°A

195.5°A

181°A

176.5°A

38.5°A

38.5°A

60°A

270 °A

244°A

249° A

249°A

248° A 238°A

244°A

250°A

19 04

19 36

(continued;

Declination or

altitude

+24° •

-29.36

-36

- 1 2

20.7 A

50A

60A

75A

60A

44A

44A

34A

36A

33A

29A

28A

77A

63A

53A

20A

14A

16A

32.5A

36.5A

48A

09A

06A

-21.5

-30.5

Greensboro,

N. C.

049 036 080

Milwaukee,

Wis.

074 043 088

Dayton,

Ohio

O82 040 084

Cincinnati,

Ohio

050 O39 O85

Peoria,

111.

023 041 090

79

36

88

42

84

39

84

39

89

40

52

04

08

58

15

50

42

1 1

11

02

39

54

08

O CM

m

m

moCOCO

51

19

W

N

W

N

W

N

N

N

a l

a l

a l

a l

a l

22 58 10 0°A

23 23 20 17 35

23 24 15 Long. 285.3 E.

23 25 29.5 Long. 299.7 E.

23 23

 E? 270°A

23 24 30 270°A

63A

+ 1 2

Direc- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

NW-SE

NW-SE

SW-NE

NW-SE

NW-SE

SSW-NNE.

N-S

+7

+2, White

+2, "

+2, "

+2, "

+1

+1

+4 or +5

NW-SE 1.5°/» +2.5 to 3,

White

+6, White

+2

Lat.

Lat.

25A

24A

20

33

.5°

.9°

NW-SE

NW-SE

N-S

NW-SE

+2.5,

Reddish

+3.5, Pink

+4 to +1,

Orange

+2, Yellow

white
272 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and a2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued;

Date (U.T.) Station

Station name coordinates

Code number

Satel- Time Right aslite observed cension

1957 or azimuth

November 27

(continued)

Indianapolis,

Ind.

024 040 086

Sylacauga,

Ala.

Oil 033 086

Terre Haute,

Ind.

025 039 087

86*09'22"W

39 40 40 N

86 15 13 W

33 09 45 N

87 23 50 W

39 31 38 N

al

al

al

Declination or

altitude

23

h26m

23 25 32

23 28 05 l80°A

23 23 36.2 270°A

10° below Venus

27O°A 49°09'14"

17°01'54"A

24°00'A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

N-S

NW-SE

+ 3, Yellow

white

+1 to +6

NNW-SSE 1.08°/s +3, White

November 28

New Orleans,

La.

030 030 090

El Paso,

Tex.

104 032 106

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 039 121

Tucson,

Ariz.

003 032 111

Phoenix,

Ariz.

022 O33 112

San Angelo,

Tex.

105 031 100

Las Cruces,

N. Hex.

042 032 107

Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

041 O35 107

90 01 26 W

29 57 30 N

106 23 W

31 50 N

121 16.59 W

38 38.43 N

110 56 09 W

32 13 59 N

112 04 W

33 27 N

100 27 47 W

31 27 19 N

106 50 50 W

32 19 42 N

106 38 36 W

35 05 03 N

Perth,

Australia 115 51 10 E

601 122 296 32 00 07 S

Kusakabe,

Japan

263 036 320

Musashlno,

Japan

233 036 320

Shlzuoka,

Japan

247 035 318

Klryu,

Japan

223 036 319

Hiraeji,

Japan

262 035 315

139 44 34 E

35 58 36 N

139 34 35 E

35 42 58 N

138 23 18 E

34 58 25 N

139 19 54 E

36 24 22 N

134 41 24 E

34 50 25 N

al

a l

al

al

al

al

00 18 02 270°A 6l°A

al 00 41 15 36O°A 4 8A

00 53 38.I 0Oh58I?223 +24.4

al 00 54 54 125°A

00 56 39 01°A

00 54 03 270°A

00 55 03 270°A

33A

33A

87°A

57 "A

00 56 47 17 48 +31°27'19"

00 59 00 2O6°56'3O"A 06 13 45A

00 56 50 I.50 directly above Venus

00 58 31.5 22 30 -47

00 57

00 57 39

03 40 26.6

03 42 44.4

03 43 31.1

03 43 47.4

03 43 50.7

03 44 12.8

17 30

19 30 00

336*57'A

142A

148 54A

149 54A

149 52A

151 20A

a l 08 23 26 235°A

08 23 42 270.0°A

08 25 05 225°A

a l 08 23 46 17 15

a l 08 23 54 270.0°A

a l 08 23 54 18 10

+12

+20.5

26°88-A

56 51A

29 32A

24 09A

23 35A

09 29A

31.5

17.5A

20A

+12

23. OA

+25

NW-SE +5, White

NW-SE ;20'°/min Light pink

N-S

NW-SSE

NW-SE

Fairly

bright

+1 to +2

NW-SE 36°/mln +1.2

NW-SE

+3 varying

+2, Pale

yellow

+2

+2

+1

+2

+1
MOONWATCH OBSERVATIONS 273

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites

through Dec. 1,~19!

Date (U.T.)

Station name

Code number

November 28

(continued)

Suwa,

Japan

248 036 318

Konko,

Japan

224 035 314

Mlzukaldo,

Japan

231 036 320

Ml take,

Japan

229 036 320

Kure,

Japan

226 034 313

Station

coordinates

138°07'43"E

36 00' 13 N

133 37 40 E

34 32 31 N

139 59 18 E

36 00 56 N

139 32 31 E

35 40 20 N

132 33 44 E

34 14 57 N

Satellite

1957

al

al

al

al

Time

observed

08n23m558

08 23 56

08 23 58

08 24 11

08 24 2

08 25 38

08 24 15

Right ascension

or azimuth

17h42m 8

270.0°A

270°A

253.5°A

18 09

19 55

180.0°A

Declination or

altitude

+04° •

55. OA

20.5A

25.7A

-05

-32

90A

al and o2 by Moonwatch teams

(continuedJ

Manazuru,

Japan 139 08 46 E

228 035 319 35 09 23 N

Kanayamachl,

Japan

220 034 315

Yokkaichi,

Japan

258 035 317

Uwajlma,

Japan

256 033 313

Hlgashlm,

Japan

210 O36 319

Adelaide,

Australia

600 125 319

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

135 15-10 E

34 03 46 N

136 39 00 E

35 00 15 N

132 33 32 E

33 12 49 N

139 23 54 E

36 02 22 N

138 36 14 E

34 55 14 S

115 51 10 E

32 00 07 s

al 08 24 13

08 25 01

08 25 10

08 25 24

08 25 30

al 08 25 40 21 40

al 08 25 31 194.5°A

al

a l

a l

17 -3

18 59

19 12

19 38

19 44

+03

-19

-21

-25

-27

08 25 15 20 41

al 08 25 20 19 30

10 13 09

10 15 00

11 40 15.0

11 40 26.6

11 42 44.4

11 43 31.1

11 43 47.4

11 43 50.7

11 44 12.8

-34

22A

+47

-28

60°

06

336°

336

142

148

149

149

151

15

22

43

57

00

54

54

52

20

1

•A

A

A

A

A

A

A

62A

-52°40'

18-

21

56

29

24

24

09

30'

08

51

32

09

35

29

'A

A

A

A

A

A

A

Dlrec- Angular Magnitude

tlon velocity and color

+3

+1

+3

+1

+2

+1

+1

+0.5 to +1.5

November 29

Tucson,

Ariz. 110 56 09 W

003 032 111 32 13 59 N

Sacramento,

Calif.

007 039 121

Perth,

Australia

601 122 296

121 16.59 W

38 38.43 N

115 51 10 E

32 00 07 s

al 00 50 10 About 290°A 20A WNW-SSW

("Going too fast to measure Azimuth accurately.")

a2 00 41

al 11 34 57.1

11 35 04.2

11 35 43.6

11 37 35.'

11 09.6

90° 59.4A

185°

181

168

164

159

32

51

21

26

47

•A

A

A

A

A

45° 22

40 04

24 11

17 41

08 50

•A

A

A

A

A

NW-SE

+1

-1 steady
274 SMITHSONIAN' CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Observations of Satellites 1957 al and g2 by Moonwatch teams

through Dec. 1, 1957 (continued)

Date (U.T.) Station SatelStation name coordinates lite

Code number

November 29

(continued)

Tulsa,

Okla.

054 036 096

95°57' "W

36 03 N

1957

Time

observed

Right ascension

or azimuth

Declination or

altitude

ol 23h58m318 Same as Venus +17A°

2° down from

Venus

Direc- Angular Magnitude

tion velocity and color

NW-SE +2

November 30

Peorla,

111.

023 041 090 40 45 19 N

December 1

Walnut Creek,

Calif. 122 04 30 W

Oil 038 122 37 55 30 N

Los Altos,

Calif. 122 07 26 W

005 037 122 37 23 56 N

89 35 51 W a2 12 23

al? 00 06

To 00 08

90°A

90°A

al 00 09+10 60°A

(In sight for two minutes.)

63A

15-20A

50°A

NE-SW 0.6°/s

NW-SE

Faint

-6 varying,

White
An Interim Model Atmosphere Fitted to Preliminary

Densities Inferred from U. S. S. R. Satellites

 1

By T. E. STERNE, B. M. FOLKART, 1 and G. F. SCHILLING

The purpose of this paper is to construct an

interim model atmosphere based on density

values which have been inferred from satellite

observations. The authors hope that this model

will, despite its crudeness, contribute to the

prediction of the lifetimes of new satellites and

to an understanding of the rates at which the

elements of satellite orbits change.

Preliminary values of atmospheric density at

perigee heights of 220 to 233 km were inferred

from early satellite observations (see p. 207).

Those density values were higher than the

values predicted by most existing model atmospheres at the same altitudes. Comparable results, derived from radio observations, have

been published by British investigators (Milliard Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1957;

Royal. Aircraft Establishment, 1957). Although all these results are of an extremely

tentative nature, the orbital behavior of the

Soviet satellites appears to indicate that the

upper-atmosphere densities are somewhat

higher than many people had expected.

Grimminger (1948) alone has devised a model

atmosphere whose density at a height of 220

km was as high as 24.5 X10"10 kg/m3. The

Rocket Panel in 1952 recommended a value of

0.716 X10~10 kg/m3. Minzner and Ripley of

the ARDC in 1956 predicted a value of

0.515X10"10.

In the first report (p. 191) a probable lifetime

of the order of some 10 weeks was predicted for

Satellite 1957 al, the last rocket stage of the

first U. S. S. R. launching. It is now known

that the actual lifetime was more nearly eight

weeks.

1

 Carried out in part under NSF Grant No. Y/30.10/1B7; Special Report

No. 7, IOY Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,

Cambridge; first issued Dec. 31,1057.

'Mathematician, Optical Satellite Tracking Program, Smithsonian

Astrophysical Observatory.

It may appear almost absurd, at first glance,

to construct an interim atmosphere on practically a single value of density at one altitude.

Yet one can reflect that all model atmospheres

are to some extent inherently speculative.

Indeed, there are some which by necessity are

based on pure extrapolation without the benefit

of even a single observed value of the density

at the higher altitudes.

We hope that this crude interim model will

be replaced by a better one as soon as more

extensive observational data are available.

This report is considered indicative, merely, of

scientific results that can be obtained from

satellite research. Only a low degree of accuracy

is claimed for our results.

The models

It has been inferred (see p. 209) from observations of the U. S. S. R. artificial earth satellites

that the atmospheric density at an altitude

of about 220,000 meters is approximately

4.5X10"10 kilograms per cubic meter, or about

8.7 times the density predicted at that height

by the atmospheric model devised by Minzner

and Ripley (1956) of the ARDC. The present

authors have tried to change the MinznerRipley model to agree with the observed value

4.5 X10"10 kg/m8 at 220 km, with as few other

changes as possible.

The Minzner-Ripley model adopts a relation

between altitude and molecular scale temperature, inferring the pressure and density at all

altitudes from their sea-level values, from the

equation of hydrostatic equilibrium, and from

the adopted temperature-altitude relation.

The altitude employed by Minzner and Ripley

is the so-called geopotential altitude, H; it is

the fictitious altitude at which a potential

corresponding to a constant value of gravity

9=&=9.80665 meters per (second)* would

275
276 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL. 2

equal the true potential at the geometric altitude Z, the true potential being derived, of

course, from the correct variation of g with

altitude. It follows from their gravity-variation formula that the relation of geopotential

altitude, H, to geometric altitude Z is,

H=Z(l+Z/R)~l

(1)

where R is 6,356,766 meters. The "molecular

scale temperature" of Minzner and Ripley is

the quantity TM= TM0/M, where T is the

absolute temperature of the air, defined as in

the kinetic theory of gases, Mo is the molecular

weight at sea level, taken to be 28.966 grams

per mole, and M is the molecular weight at

altitude Z. With these definitions the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium is

dP=-pgodH, (2)

where P is the pressure and p is the density.

The equation of state becomes

P=R*TuP/M0 (3)

where R* is the universal gas constant, taken

to be 8.31439 joules/°K.

For the relation of TM to H, Minzner and

Ripley adopted a broken straight line, with

slopes discontinuous at particular altitudes Hb

and with constant derivatives, LM, of Tu with

respect to H between the discontinuities; TM is

continuous. Above H= 53,000 meters their relation is given in the following table, in which

Ht is the lower altitude in meters of each

straight segment of the H— TM relation; LM is

the derivative dTM/dH in degrees per meter

over the segment; and (TM)b is the value of TM

at the lowest altitude of the segment:

53,000

75,000

90,000

126,000

175,000

282. 66

196.86

196. 86

322. 86

812.86

LM

-.0039

zero

+ .0035

+ .0100

+.0058

Throughout any straight portion

Tu=(Tu)b+LM(H-Hb) (4)

and the value +.0058 is retained for LM up to

H= 500,000 meters. In any straight portion,

equation (2) can be integrated to give

logP=\ogPb-(goM0(R*LM) log [1 +

(LM/TM)b(H-Hb)]

and

log P=log Pb-(l+goMo/R*LM) log [1 +

H-HJ] (6)

where Pb and pb are the pressure and density

at the lower altitude of the straight portion.

The revision of the Minzner-Ripley-ARDC

model to fit the value p=4.5X10~10 kg/m3 at a

geometrical altitude Z of 220,000 meters, inferred from satellite observations in an earlier

report (p. 207), has been carried out by modifying the TM—H relation. It was desired

to retain the broken-line character of that relation; it was further desired to modify the

relation of Minzner and Ripley merely by retaining their model unaltered up to some altitude Hf

 or Z', and by adopting some new constant value of LM at all greater altitudes. The

authors realized that so simple a procedure has

little theoretical validity, there being no a

priori reason, for instance, why LM should be

constant above the altitude H'. Somewhat

the same objection, however, could be brought

against the Minzner-Ripley model itself, even

though the present authors think that it is one

of the best atmospheric models that have been

devised. Their broken-straight-line assumption about the TM—H relation is merely a convenient approximation that does no violence

to the observations at the altitudes where they

have been made, but that has no a priori or

observational justification. The present authors could have adopted a broken line with

two or more segments above the altitude H';

but they felt that then they would have had so

much freedom, with two adjustable heights

H' and H" and two slopes, and therefore with

three degrees of freedom after matching the

density at 220,000 meters, that any solution of

the resulting indeterminate problem would

have been very highly arbitrary. The adopted

procedure provided only one degree of freedom,

because once H' is chosen, the value LM at

greater altitudes is then determined by the

density at 220,000 meters.
INTERIM MODEL ATMOSPHERE. 277

It was found that if Z' were much higher

than 100,000 meters, then LM had to be so

large as to lead to disturbingly high values of

Tu at higher altitudes, particularity in the

neighborhood of 300,000 meters. On the other

hand, if Z' were much lower than 80,000

meters then the temperatures, densities, and

pressures would disagree too much with observations at altitudes somewhat higher than

Z'. Accordingly, three models were selected

corresponding to values 80,000 meters, 90,000

meters and 100,000 meters of Z'. The corresponding values of LM, applicable to all higher

altitudes, were .00616, .009017, and .01282

degrees per meter, respectively.

Results

Figure 1 exhibits the temperature-altitude relation for the Minzner-Ripley-ARDC model,

and for the three revised models. Figures 2

and 3 contain, respectively, the corresponding

density-altitude and pressure-altitude relations.

The spread introduced in figure 2 by the variations of Z' provides, the authors hope, some in500

450

4 0 0

3 5 0

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

I | I 1 1 I 1 | I | I | I |

w /

- ///*-

- /X' -

-f -

1

I ' N I i i i i , i i 1 i l i 1

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800

Molecular scale temperature, TM, in degrees Kelvin

FIGURE 1.—Temperature-altitude relations for the model

atmospheres.

460132 O—58 7

dication of the uncertainty inherent in the provisional density here presented. If the authors

were forced at this time to select some one model

for predicting the lifetimes of satellites, they

would choose, aware of its great uncertainty,

the central revision (curve 2, Z'=90,000

meters).

The curves do not extend above H= 500,000

meters. If values of the density, p, in kilograms per cubic meter are needed at greater

altitudes they may be calculated from the

equations

and

Tw=0.0090167 fl-603.318 (7)

logi0p=5.588-4.79 log^T* (8)

which holds, for the central curve (curve 2,

figure 2) at all altitudes above Z= 90,000 meters.

Remarks

The preceding model atmospheres provide

the best estimates of the atmospheric density

that the authors have been able to infer from

FIGURE 2.—Density-altitude relations for the model

atmospheres.
278 SMITHSONIAN1

 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

450 -

- 1 0 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 -5-4-3-2- 1 0 1 2 3 4

log pressure, millibars

FIGURE 3.—Pressure-altitude relations for the model

atmospheres.

the observational data, uncertain though the

estimates are. On the other hand, the authors

particularly wish to invite attention to the fact

that the models are almost certainly incorrect.

In particular, the temperatures for all three

models may be too high in the region from

80,000 to 120,000 meters. A constant vertical

gradient of temperature was assumed above an

altitude H' on p. 276—even though this assumption was realized and pointed out probably

to be false—because some assumption had to

be made, because any assumption was likely

to be false, and because the assumption actually

made was one of the simplest. In part, at

least, the high temperatures in all the models

are a consequence of the adoption of the Minzner-Ripley temperatures below H' and of a

constant gradient of temperature above H',

and are not implied by the observed density

at Z= 220,000 meters alone.

The observed density at 220,000 meters does

rigorously imply that somewhere in the region

between sea-level and 220,000 meters the molecular scale temperature TM is higher than the

value adopted by Minzner and Ripley of the

ARDC. It does not need to be higher in the

particular regions, nor by the amounts, indicated in figure 1. In particular, by adopting

somewhat higher temperatures than Minzner

and Ripley at lower altitudes than H', one

could avoid the necessity for adopting higher

temperatures at higher altitudes to match the

observed density at 220 kilometers. Alternatively, by adopting considerably greater temperatures than Minzner and Ripley in some

region between 80 and 120 kilometers one could

match densities without implying temperatures as high as those of our models at still

greater altitudes.

The authors hope that future satellite data

will provide observational values of the atmospheric densities at new heights, and make it

possible to replace the present provisional

atmospheric models by more realistic ones,

less speculative and arbitrary. It is hoped that

the atmospheric densities in this report may

be of use in the meantime.

References

GRIMMINGER, G.

1948. Analysis of temperature, pressure, and

density of the atmosphere extending to

extreme altitudes. RAND Rep., No.

R-105.

MINZNER, R. A., AND RIPLEY, W. S.

1956. The ARDC model atmosphere, 1956.

Air Force Surveys in Geophysics, No. 86,

Geophysics Research Directorate,

AFCRC, ARDC, December.

MULLARD RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY

1957. Radio observations of the first Russian

earth satellite. Nature, vol. 180, p. 879.

ROCKET PANEL

1952. Pressures, densities, and temperature in

the upper atmosphere. Phys. Rev., vol.

88, p. 1027.

ROYAL AIRCRAFT ESTABLISHMENT

1957. Observations of the orbit of the first

Russian earth satellite. Nature, vol.

180, p. 937.
NO. io INTERIM MODEL ATMOSPHERE 279

Abstract

As earlier reported, preliminary values of the atmospheric density have been inferred from observations of

artificial U. S. S. R. earth satellites. Those densities were greater than the densities predicted by most existing

atmospheric models at corresponding altitudes. The present paper presents an interim and highly tentative atmospheric model adjusted to be the same as the ARDC model atmosphere, (devised by Minzner and Ripley) at altitudes

below about 90 kilometers, and to agree with the densities inferred from the satellites at an altitude of 220 kilometers.

Although this model is crude and only roughly approximate, it may be of use in predicting the lifetimes of new earth

satellites.

Soviet Orbit Information for Satellites

1957 a2 and

By G. F. SCHILLING

The present report continues the compilation final orbit decay of Satellite 1957 al. In

of Soviet data from the point where the related condensed form, the data based on this inforreport (p. 219) left off. It does not include mation are as follows:

Soviet predictions of satellite passages over or T ... , . , _. _ .

r

 . i • • • • -ii Initial period 96.2 minutes.

near world points; such information is still Initial apogee Over 900 kilometers.

released daily by the U. S. S. R., but it is felt Duration 58 days.

that this type of bulky data no longer falls Distance traveled.-- 39 million kilometers,

within the specific scope of these reports.

 Star t o f

 descent Nov. 30, 1957.

It will be understood that the principal Rapid descent Dec. 1 1957, along path

K r through area of Irkutsk,

purpose of the report is to make available raw Chukotka Peninsula, Alaska,

data which may be considered of lasting interest and along west coast of

with respect to orbit evaluations. It should be America.

emphasized, however, that this compilation of Re-entry Along path, started to burn

data must not be considered as complete.

 a n re a up -

Revolutions and path distances.—-On Oct. 13, On Jan. 20, 1958, the U. S. S. R. released

1957, the U. S. S. R. began to release informa- statements relating to the final orbit decay of

tion about the number of revolutions and the Satellite 1957 a2. In condensed form, the data

distances traveled, and gave predictions of based on this information are as follows:

values about one dav in advance for Satellite T . . . . . _. _ . A

,-__ .. . _ , ~ . , , , , Initial period 96.2 minutes.

1957 Alpha. The earlier report tabulated these Initia l apoge e 95 0 kilometers.

data to Dec. 5, 1957. Tables 1 and 2 continue Duration 92 days.

the tabulation of this information for Satellites Distance traveled... 60 million kilometers.

1957 «2 and 1957 01. In these tables, the Number revolutions. About 1,400.

available data are posted against the date and

 Fina l descen t Jan

-

 4 ' ,1958 " Penetrate d

/ , • , , denser layers of atmosphere

approximate time for which the statement was an d eVaporated.

made, and not against the date when the infor- Observations Was made of low melting metal.

mation was released. Overcast weather in the

Periods and heights.—Since Oct. 20, 1957, the moderate latitudes of the

U. S. S. R. has occasionally released data on Northern Hemisphere and

, i • i • i • lack °f sufficient observation

the periods and apogee heights of the various stations prevented observasatellites. The three pertinent releases during tions of final descent. (Prof,

the report period are summarized in table 3. Fedynsky on Jan. 21, 1958.)

Final orbit decay.--On Dec. 7 1957, the The line entries that follow are official U. S.

U

-

 8" S

-

 R

- ^leased statements relating to the g R statement s released Dec. 13, 1957, and 1

 Carried out in part under NSF Grant No. Y/30.10/167; Special Report Jan. 1, 1958, regarding data which have

No. 8, IQY Project No. 30.10, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, . , . , , _ , • «*:___ „„,!

CambridKo; first issued Jan. 3i. 1958. been obtained by surface observations and

281
282 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

IMC IIMC H»

VOL. 2

t uov n I DEC*! " II

FIGURE 1.—Soviet predictions of zones of visibility.

by telemetry from the first Soviet satellite

launching:

Density of matter above height of 200 km.

Distribution of matter within the earth.

Quantity of meteoric matter in the transatmospheric expanse.

Temperature within satellite.

Pressure within satellite.

Structure of ionosphere.

Reception of radio signals up to 10,000 kms.

Danger from meteorites much smaller than expected; remained unscathed for a long time.

Preliminary report on the flight of the sputniks,

prepared by Soviet International Geophysical

Year Committee, is being circulated to the organisations participating in the International Geophysical Year.

[This official report did not contain scientific

data or specific results; it only repeated general

statements previously released by Radio Moscow and the Soviet press. No specific scientific

data have been received by us, as yet.]

Zones of visibility.— Since Oct. 28, 1957, the

U. S. S. R. has given a series of practically daily

releases concerning the latitude zones of visibility for al, and later also for 01. These data

were released in the form of predictions one to

two days in advance. The collection of data

in table 4 refers to the time periods after Dec.

6, 1957, and contains information for 01 only.

Figure 1 is a plot analysis of the predicted

visibility zones for both al and 01. The geographic latitudes are plotted against the date

of the prediction and are corrected only for

obvious transmission errors and mistakes.

While the values for 01 evidence quite a characteristic behavior with respect to time sequence,

the al predictions after about November 25

may appear somewhat confusing. It is interesting to compare these Soviet predictions with

actual data on optical sightings.
SOVIET ORBIT INFORMATION. 283

Table 1.--Revolutions and path distances, Table 2.—Revolutions and path distances.

Date

Dec.

6

I

9

11

12

li

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

2 3

24

27

2o

31

31

Date

Dec.

6

I

9

11

12

!l

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

831

31

4*

5

6

I8

9

10

11

12

Moscow

time

0600

0600

0600

2000

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

2400

Table 2.

Moscow;

time

0600

0600

0600

2000

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

2400

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

Satellite

Number of

revolutions

944

959

975

1,000

1,022

1,037

1,053

1,068

1,084

1,099

1,115

1,130

1,146

1,162

1,177

1,193

1,209

1,225

1,272

1,288

1,336

1,348

—Bevolutions

Satellite

Number of

revolutions

460

474

489

511

531

5*5

559

573

387(?)

602

616

630

664

658

687

701

715

772

815

826

873

887

901

915

IIS959

m

1957 a2

Distance

travelled

(in km)

43.2 million

57.6 million

Remarks

Will end

existence

in January 1958.

Will cease

to exist

in the

first days

of January.

and path distances,

1957 01

Distance

travelled

(in km)

37.6 million

Remarks

Date

Jan.

13

14

15

18

19

20

21

22

II

25

26

27

28

29

Satellit e 1957 01 (continued)

Moscow

time

0200

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

06O0

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

0600

Table

Release date

Dec.

Dec.

Jan.

9, 1957

31, 1957

13, 1958

Number of Distance Remarks

revolutions travelled

1,000

1,016

1,030

1,059

l^Ooo

1,103

1,117

1,132

1,146

1,161

1,175

1,190

1,204

1,219

1.233

(in km)

45.4 million 2.2 million

km more

than distance

covered

by a2 in

1,000 revolutions.

3 .— Satellit e periods and heights

Satellit e

a2

a2

01

Apogee Period

(in km) (in minutes)

Over 600 About 92.7

320 90.0

1,300 Daily decrease

Decrease now about 4.5

of 370 km seconds per

since period; after

launching launching, i t

was a littl e

over 2 seconds.

Period decreased approximately 3.9

minutes since

launching.
284 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Tteble 4.—Soviet predictions of visibility zones for Satellite 1957 pi

Date

Dec.

6

I

10-11

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

o>

H 20

21

22

23

24

26

28

31

Jan.

4

5

6

I

9

10

11

12

1115

17

18

19

20

21

22

li

If27

2o

29

30

31

Northern

Degree

Latitude

42-60

40-59

35-56

30-52

25-50

20-45

17-42

15-41

10-40

5-37

0-18

0-35

0-20

0-30

5-22

0-28

8-26

0-25

10-30

0-24

15-32

0-21

20-28

0-15

24-41

27-45

32-47

42-55

48-66

55-64

56-64

56-65

59-65

60-65

61-65

63-65

63-65

62-65

6O-65

59-65

57-65

50-65

46-65

37-65

20-65

O-65

0-64

O-63

O-58

O-51

0-42

0-40

0-30

-

_

Hemisphere

Time

Before sunrise

"

After sunset

Before sunrise

After sunset

Before sunset (?)

After sunset

Before sunrise

After sunset

Before sunrise

After sunset

Before sunrise

Before sunset

Before sunset (?)

After sunset

Before sunrise

After sunset

"

"

11

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

M

H

1

1

'

1

,

1

'

1

'

'

1

1

1

1

'

1

!

" "

Before sunrise

(Unfavorable)

Southern Hemisphere

Degrees

Latitude

15-40

IO-38

7-35

0-30

0-25

0-20

0-17

0-15

0-10

0- 5

-

-

0- 7

0-10

0-15

0-20

0-22

0-24

0-30

7-42

13-46

23-53

24-54(?)

24-55

25-56

25-57

25-57

30-59

30-60

29-60

29-61

28-61

28-62

26-62

24-63

23-63

20-63

O-63

O-63

0-63

O-63

O-63

0-63

O-63

0-57

_

Time

After sunset

11 n

1 11

(Unfavorable)

"

Before sunrise

it n

n 11

Before sunset(?)

Before sunrise

1

1

1

1

>

•

1

'

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

•

"

After sunset

(Unfavorable)

.1
Basic Orbital Data for Satellite 1957

By L. G. JACCHIA *

The data in table 1 summarize the results of

an analysis of approximately 1100 optical and

radio observations of Satellite 1957 fil received at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Sub-satellite points were computed

for each observation by use of the following

basic elements:

Epoch and osculation:. 1957 December 17.16575 UT

Semi-major axis a = 1.1311

Eccentricity e=0.0868

Argument of perigee. - « = 42°.8

Inclination i . t=65°.3

It was assumed that the precession in a was

0.152 times the precession in aa, the right ascension of the ascending node, i. e., the theoretical value corresponding to i=65?3. For

the epoch of the elements this gives

and

du/dt=— 0?418/day

d

2w/dr3= -0?00054/day2

.

The instantaneous value of the major axis was

computed from the sidereal period, which in

turn was derived from the observed nodal period. The instantaneous value of the eccentricity was obtained by changing the perigee

distance q in function of the apogee distance

according to Sterne's (1958) equations, using

the Smithsonian Interim Atmosphere (see

p. 275). The resulting values are tabulated

below (n=number of revolutions, a=semimajor axis in earth's equatorial radii, and

?=perigee distance in earth's equatorial radii):

n

0

200

400

600 1

800 1

1000 1

1200 1

1400 1

a

1. 1467

1. 1416

I. 1364

. 1311

. 1250

. 1179

. 1109

. 1037

q

1. 0337

1. 0335

1. 0334

1. 0332

1.0330

1.0328

1. 0326

1. 0323

The individual columns in table 1 give,

respectively:

1. The number of revolutions (n) elapsed since

the first ascending-node crossing given in the

table (not the first crossing after the launching).

2. The time of the ascending-node crossing.

3. The instantaneous value of the nodal period

Pa, obtained by numerical differentiation of

column 2.

i

 4. The rate of change of anomalistic period (Pr) in

seconds per day.

5. The right ascension of the ascending node.

6. The nodal precession, in degrees per day.

An interesting feature of this table is the erratic fluctuation in the orbital acceleration.

The data of column (4) are plotted in figure 1.

3 .<

a

•**.!» DM.1 tee. 15.1957 Jw,l, l

FIGURE 1.—Rate of change of the anomalistic period at a

function of time.

A simple explanation of these changes may lie

in a systematic variation of the effective presentation area of the satellite, although day-to-day

variations in the density of the upper atmosphere cannot be discounted as a possible cause.

' Carried out In part under XBF Orant No. Y/J0.10/1W; Special Report No. «, IOY Project No. 10.10, Smithsonian AntrophyMml Oboervstory, Cambridge; first tasufd Feb. 21,19S8.

»Physicist, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Research Associate, Harvard Colkfe Observatory.

285
286 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

A similar study of a spherical satellite could

decide between the two hypotheses; unfortunately the observational material at hand for

Satellite 1957 o2 is too scanty to yield any

reliable results.

The present tabulation supersedes the one in

Harvard Announcement Card 1391 (1958)

which was obtained by using older orbital data.

References

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

1958. Satellite 19570. Harvard Announcement

Cards 1391, 1392.

STERNE, T. E.

1958. An atmospheric model, and some remarks

on the inference of density from the

orbit of a close earth satellite. Astron.

Journ., in press.

Table 1.—Analysis of optical and radio observations of Satellite 1957 PI

(1)

n

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1957

1957

1958

1958

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

(2)

. 4.39470

7.99208

Hi. 58344]

P.5.I6891I

p.0.748541

P22 322241

25'.88994

29.45149

. 3.00682

6.55585

10.09864

13.63525

17.16577

20.68995

24.20735

27.71756

31.22012

. 3.71447

7.20078

10.67902

14.14898

17.61052

21.06346

24.50809

27.94485

31.37399

. 3.79531

7.20853

IO.613OI

(3)

(0d072009)

.071887

[.071768]

f. 071651]

[.071534]

[.071414]

.071293

.071169

.071044

.070918

.070794

.070672

.070548

.070417

.070278

.070129

.069970

.O698O7

.069646

.069483

.069316

.069145

.O68974

.O68813

.068659

.068505

.O68347

.O68179

.067999

(4)

dP^/dt

[-2*84]

C-2.83]

[-2.86]

C-2.91]

-2.97

-3.03

-3.05

-3.04

-3.01

-3.00

-3.11

-3.32

-3.54

-3.79

-3.98

-4.01

-4.02

-4.11

-4.21

-4.26

-4.17

-3.97

-3.87

-3.94

-4.12

-4.41

-4.65

(5)

112?4

102.9

[93.41

[83.9]

C74.4]

r_64.9]

55.3

45.7

36.1

26.4

16.8

7.2

357.5

347.8

338.1

328.4

318.6

308.8

298.9

289.I

279.2

269.3

259.3

249.3

239.3

229.3

219.3

209.2

199.1

da(6it

-2:65

-2.67

-2.69

-2.71

-2.73

-2.75

-2.77

-2.80

-2.83

-2.86

-2.89

-2.91

-2.94

-2.98

When tabulated values are uncertain because of scarcity

of observations, they are enclosed In brackets. A parenthesis

denotes a quantity which Is somewhat more uncertain than the

average due to computational causes.
Processed Observational Data for U. S. S. R. Satellites

1957 Alpha and 1957 Beta '

By R. M. ADAMS,3 N. MCCUMBER, 1 and M. BRINKMAN

 4

This report presents a collection of observa- Naval Research Laboratory and Project Space

tional data, received and processed by the Track of the Geophysics Research Directorate

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, for the at the Air Force Cambridge Research Center,

Soviet artificial earth satellites launched on ARDC, as well as by interested amateurs and

Oct. 4, 1957, and Nov. 3, 1957. The data cover private individuals,

the total lifetime of the components ol, a2, and Processing the data

probably «3 from the Satellite 1957 Alpha ^ ob8ervationa l dftt o ^ received, they are

launching. For the second Soviet satellite, 1957 8ifte d proce88ed > an d pu t mt o for m fo r ^ m

Beta, the data extend from the day of launching IB M 7Q4 program s. Th e limited 8taff makes it

to the middle of February 1958. At the time of impossible to proce8 8 aU observations received.

this report, 1957 Beta is still in orbit and is A major portion of the usable observations have

expected to stay in orbit until mid-April 1958. bee n proce88ed, however, and it is planned to

Sources of data process others as time permits.

Since the first Soviet satellites were launched As of this date approximately 4500 visual and

before all precision optical tracking stations photographic observations of the Russian earth

were activated, the task of providing the obser- satellites have been received at the Smithsonian

vations, necessary to compute ephemerides and Astrophysical Observatory. About 2980 of

predictions, has fallen to a large extent on the these have been processed for use in the IBM

Moonwatch network and other observing agen- computer programs.

cies such as astronomical observatories, radar The unprocessed observations fall into two

stations, and various other organizations and groups: (a) those that will be processed as soon

individuals. as time permits; (6) those that are not accurate

Observations are received by the Smithsonian enough to be used. The unprocessed observaAstrophysical Observatory in a number of ways. tions in group (a) are, in general, additional

Moonwatch observations made in the United sightings on days for which a large number of

States are normally telephoned in and then con- observations have already been processed. To

firmed by letter. Observations made in foreign be usable, an observation must be accurate to

countries are sent by the IGY communications at least one second of time and the position

system (AGIWARN), if possible. When this is given must be exact to one degree of arc.

not possible, the observations are sent by air The following is a breakdown of all obsermail. Observations made by civilian, indus- vations:

trial, and military research institutions are re- 1W7 j l£ad"% g^j[

ceived through teletype channels as well. A Processed 1320 »50 1610

considerable number- of observations are also Unprocessed:

furnished through Project Vanguard of the Usable 470 0 500

Not usable 800 240

1

 Carried oat in part under N8F Ormnt No. Y/30.10/187; Special Report .

N'o. 10, IOY Project No. 30.10,8mlthsonian Astrophysleal Observatory, _ nnan lux o**n

Cambridge; flrst iamed Mar. 1,1988.

 ToU L 209 0 M 28 W

1

 Chief, Computations and Analysis Section, Optical Satellite Tracking ——— —

Program, Smithsonian Astropnysical Observatory. *14 of the observations were rejected alter processing.

1

 Mathematician, Computations and Analysis Section, Optical Satellite Tracking Program, 8mithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Twelv e reports of falling objects Seen betwee n

4

 Computer, Computations and Analysis Section, Optical Satellite , *I jr % ^.U.H.^JO A _MWW*-

Tracking Program, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Novembe r 3 0 and Decembe r 11 and 26 report*

287
288 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTTROPHYSICS

of similar objects seen between December 20

and January 8 have been received. These

have been investigated as possible observations of burnouts of al and a2, but analysis

makes it highly unlikely that any of these

observations could have been of the demise of

al or a2.

No attempt has been made to process radio

and radar sightings unless they were made

during a period when there were no visual

sightings. In the tabular material that follows,

all radar and radio observations are labeled as

such.

The observations of 1957 a2 have been analyzed by Dr. Luigi Jacchia and published on

Harvard Announcement Card 1402. The results of this analysis have been noted in the

column preceding the observation number in

table 2 of this report. Observations labeled <x2

appear to be of the satellite itself. Those

labeled a3 are observations that do not lie on

the a2 curve but instead seem to form an orbit

of their own. Possibly these "a3" observations

are of the nose cone of the carrier rocket. In

both cases, doubtful observations have been

designated by a question mark.

The observations

All processed observations have been listed by

date of observation. Tables 1, 2, and 3 contain

the observations of 1957 al, 1957 a2 and 1957

Beta respectively. The possible observations of

a3 have been grouped with the o2 data.

A serial number is assigned to the observation

at the time that it is processed. Observation

numbers for 1957 al begin with 00100 and continue in numerical order, skipping the numbers

from 00138 to 00199 and from 00261 to 00299.

Observation numbers for 1957 a2 begin with

00100. For 1957 Beta the numbering of observations made in 1957 begins with 00001; for observations made in 1958, the numbering begins

again with 00001. A few observations have

been discarded as obviously incorrect; their

numbers have not been reassigned.

Some observers have corrected their data for

atmospheric refraction. These observations are

indicated by an asterisk before the altitude.

All Moon watch observations are unconnected.

All positions are given in the form used for

the IBM computers. The headings of tables

1, 2, and 3 have the following meanings:

Symbol Term Units

a Right ascension Hours, minutes,

seconds.

6 Declination Degrees, minutes,

seconds.

Z Azimuth Degrees, minutes,

seconds; measured

clockwise from

north.

h Angular elevation.. Degrees, minutes,

seconds; measured

upward from the

horizon.

Mag Apparent magnitude Dimensionless.

Some stations report their data in degrees and

fractions of a degree; in these instances conversions have been made. Three particular stations have provided a large fraction of the observations received. It should be noted, therefore, that Pic du Midi gives time to 1* and

positions to 0?l. White Sands records time to

units and the error does not exceed one millisecond; positions are given to 0?001. Cape

Canaveral also reports time to units and gives

positions to 0?01.

Station coordinate list

Every station has been given a registration

number of four digits (xxxx), which appears in

table 4 with the observation and identifies its

source. The coordinates of the stations are

listed by station number in the tabular material.

The registration numbers have been assigned

by a code designed to indicate the type of station, its geographical location, and the kind of

observations made. However, classification has

been difficult since pertinent facts are often

missing and some stations make several different kinds of observations (e. g., visual and

photographic).
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA 289

The first of the four digits (Oxxx) denotes the

type of station:

Oxxx: Moonwatch (visual)

2xxx: Astronomical observatories (visual and

photographic)

3xxx"\

6 xi" Non-Moonwatch (visual and photo7xxxJ «

r aPm c )

4xxx: Radio and radar

8xxx: Alternate observation sites; the names

of all Moonwatch stations in this category are followed by MW.

9xxx: Precision Optical Tracking Stations

When ambiguities remain, the station name

listed in tables 1,2, and 3 is followed by symbols

with the following meanings:

MW: Moonwatch project

SS: Super-Schmidt camera

BN: Baker-Nunn satellite camera

PT: Phototrack project

In the categories Oxxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx,

and 6xxx, the second of the four digits (xOxx)

indicates the geographical location of the station, as follows:

xOxx and xlxx: United States, including all territories and possessions except

Alaska

x2xx and x3xx: Japan

x4xx: Africa, Alaska, Canada. In this

category, the third of the 4

digits is also used to distinguish

the location as follows:

x40x to x44x: Africa

x45x to x49x: Canada and

Alaska

x5xx:

x6xx:

x7xx:

x8xx:

x9xx:

Asia

United Kingdom, Eire, and

Australia

Europe (except British Isles)

South America

World-wide

Acknowledgments

We wish to emphasize that the observational

data stem from the efforts of thousands of persons who, in the true spirit of the International

Geophysical Year, have given freely of their

time and work. It is a privilege for us to

acknowledge these contributions which have

made possible the tracking of artificial earth

satellites.

At the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the task of obtaining, screening, and

processing the raw data has been the obligation

of the Optical Satellite Tracking Program

under Dr. J. Allen Hynek, associate director of

the observatory, and K. H. Drummond, executive officer of the tracking program. It fell

principally upon the staff of the Computations

and Analysis Section of this program to cope

with the large volume of data and to present the

material in a useful form. For the manuscript

preparation of the report, we wish to thank

Thelma Bourne, Lillian Christmas, Janet

Clarke, Connie Cowhig, Jane Henderson, Bringfriede Jensen, and Rinda Rogers.
290

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

Oeteber 5> 1957

00980 Terre Haute

00981 Terre Haute

00102

00103

00112

00481

00482

00483

Boulder-Radio

Mt. Stromlo

Melbourne

Mt. Stromlo

Mt, Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

0025

0025

8035

2600

0604

2600

2600

2600

OOs5O:46

01:46:00

October 7, 1957

15:11:05

09:39:27

09:34

09:38:21.5

09:38:49.2

09:38:53

23 40

00 00

23 40

23 40

-37

-55

-37

-37

180

180

232

90

47

40

44

85

2.0

October 8, 1957

00105

00106

00107

00108

00109

00110

00111

00113

00114

00115

00116

00117

00135

00136

00137

00B58

00484

00485

00569

Sydney

Sydney

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt, Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Melbourne

Melbourne

Melbourne

Melbourne

Melbourne

Port Churchill

Mt. Stromlo

Woomera

Sydney

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

0602

0602

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

O6O4

0604

O6O4

0604

0604

3450

2600

3601

09:39:08

09:40:43

09:36:34

09:38:28

09:38s52

09:39:43

09:40sl4

09; 38:

09:39:

09:40?

09:41:

09:45:15+:

10:15 ~

09:37s31

11:15:25

15 50 42

20 15

12 38

15 25

16 45

20 10

21 40

13 45 52

13 37

0602 09:40:42.25

2600 09:36:32

2600 09:36:37

2600 09:37:31

-62 48+0?3

-28 30+0?5

-60 ~

-69

-69

-16 42

49 31

-65

30

20 15

12 41

12 35

13 36 54

-28 30

-58 10

-61

-64 53

1&

10J6

53 30

43

139

226 17 52

48

68

45

I

5

61

25 30 56 2

October 9, 1957

00120

00121

00122

00123

00124

00125

00126

00127

00129

00130

00132

00259

00260

00486

00487

00488

00489

00586

00587

01009

00128

00204

00205

00206

00207

00208

00209

00588

00589

00590

00591

01120

Mt, Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Sydney

Sydney

Sydney

New Brook

Dominion Obs.

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Perth

Perth

Edinburgh, Scot

New Haven

Ft. Churchill

Ft, Churchill

Churchill

Churchill

Ft. Churchill

Ft. Churchill

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Skalnate Pleoo

Ft.

Ft.

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

0602

0602

0602

5451

2450

2600

260c

2600

2600

0601

0601

2653

0087

3450

3450

3450

3450

3450

3450

0601

0601

0601

0601

2711

09:39

09:40

09 s 40

09 s 40

09:40

09:41

09s 41

09:42

09:41

09:41

09:41

11:52

10:21

09:40

09; 41

09; 41

09142

11:17

11s 18

05:30

54

08

13

41

47

33

38

23

25.5

30.5

18.52

\1

51

:16

35

44

06

:14

15

;28

16 50

17 21

17 26

18 24

18 28

19 50

19 57

20 45

18 30 16

18 35

18 11 13.4

15 37

17 25

20 00

19 i>4

20 31

-41

-38

-36

-24

-22

6

5

22

-10 40

- 9 00

-14 46 17

49 06

-36

4

5

17 30

October 10, 1957

10:23

11:33:

11:53:

11:54:

11:54:

11:54:

11:54:

11:17:

11:17:

11:17:

11:19:

03:55:

21

40

01

23

31

56

24.8

30.5

53.5

16

32

3 50

101 20 00 *36 08 00

66 56 00 »20 26 25

91

 #39

45

258

234

214

201

185

171

50

20

00

00

00

00

40

44

48

50

50

42

35

00

00

00

00

40

00

66 03 40 »44 00 20

63 53 40 »43 49 19

55 35 00 *35 20 00

4i 30 50 »15 59 00

59 06 24 24
SATELLITES 19 5 7 ALPHA AND BETA 291

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 ai (continued)

OBS.

NO.

STA.

STATION NO. U.T.

a

h m s

MAG.

October 11, 1957

u0202

00203

0021]

00220

00221

00222

00223

00224

00225

00226

00227

00230

00243

00244

00245

00246

00247

00248

00326

00327

00328

00490

00677

OO678

00679

00680

00681

00682

01121

Armagh

Armagh

Woomera

Dominion Obs.

Pic du Midi

Woomera

Woom* ra

VAenna

Vienna

Vienna

Woomera

Woomera

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Adelaide

Mt, Stromlo

Mt, Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Skalnate Pleso

00200

00201

00228

00229

00234

00236

00237

00259

00309

00469

00470

OO556

OO582

OO592

00593

00594

00683

00684

00685

00687

00688

OO689

00690

OO691

OO692

OO693

OO694

OO695

OO696

OO697

OO698

OO699

00726

01010

01122

01123

01124

Herstmonceux

Cordoba

Utrecht

Armagh

Niigata

Perth

Perth

Perth

Cordoba

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Bratislava

Armagh

Perth

Perth

Perth

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Sydney

Edinburgh, Scot

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

2651

2651

3601

2450

2705

3601

3601

2700

2700

2700

3601

3601

0601

O6oi

0601

0601

0601

0600

2600

2600

2600

2600

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

2711

2650

2800

2707

2651

0238

0601

0601

0601

2800

2705

2705

2701

2651

0601

0601

0601

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

3602

0602

2653

2711

2711

2711

05-

0<b-,

09

10:

05:

09. "

09. '

03:

03

03"

09-

09

11,

11:

11:

11:

11:

09:

09:

09'

09^

09:

09;

09:

09?

09:

09.

09:

03:

05:

00,

03,

05:

19

11

11:

11

00

05

05

03

05

11

11

11

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

09

15

05

03

03

03

28-

30:

40;

17:

29:

39:

39:

52;

53:

55'

38:

40:

16.

16:

16:

16:

17:

39 s

40^

40:

40;

39:

38:

39:

39:

.39;

39-

39:

54

29:

:04:

• 5 0

;25

.53

!ll

!l2

:l6

;04

?28

:30

= 52

:26

:13

31

27

27.

34

20

03.

35-

00.

28.

59

21.

27.

30

45.

55

59-

16.

12.

14

44

58

,25.

54.

;11.

ill .

03-

09.

,11.

13

iO4

17

;54

• 3 9

^50

.39 - sl2

517

-.5 5

:33

:19

:11

:27

:14:43

:15

:37

:37

:37

:37

:37

:37

:37

.37

.37

= 38

.38

:38

•38 :58

:57

:10

:12

:15

; 01

:03

:05

:07

;09

:11

:27

:29

:30

:30

32

:38;33

:38

:26

:29

:51

:52

:52

= 36

:13

:22

:40

:05

:35

93

37

5"

2

6

93

8

5

8

5

0

9

7

7

,8

,4

.1

16 25

20 18 39-If

17 33

18 OQ

18 16

16 20

19 48

20 17

20 05

29 05

20 14

20 16

61 30

> -14

12

22

24

- 7

-29

-17

-14

-22

-18

-17

October 12, 1957

. 1

,5

.5

,7

.2

.8

.3

.5

.0

• 5

.0

• 9

.6

.1

.2

• 5

.2

.1

.2

.2

.2

.4

.6

.5

8 15

16 55 38

14 30

32

9

52

22 27 36.347 58

16 55 38

13 21 34

22 48 30

18 28

18 33

18 36

18 16

18 19

18 21

18 24

18 28

18 31

20 05

20 07

20 07

20 08

20 10

20 11

20 14

17 10

9

55

65

- 4

-33

- 1

- 8

-17

- 7

- 5

- 4

- 3

26

27

27

27

28

28

29

-67

54

30

30

32

11

11

46

49

43

26

00

11

26

13

47

33

03

55

37

54

10

55

44

49

48

26

26

41

16

31

17

9

116

25

190

24

24

356

27

86

23

24

19

21

21

21

22

55-6 (I958.

41

26

59-08

65

231

240

7

26

7

61

48

293

350

5

146

1

16

46

48

18

12 28

19 00

45 20

36

12

00

04 02

57 26

33 00

15 00

29 40

52 00

13 00

49 18

26 06

10 16 52

18

33 11 04

23 34 36

12 36

21 24

16 00

53 19 08

13 40 16

•48 19 29

•40 09 52

•36 02 41

•34 15 15

•28 38 14

0 position)

36

35 00

52 00

36 10

54

30

10 20

46 20

52 00

30

06

42

12

33 42

17 30

•30 05 20

•43 45 59

•13 47 49

24 30

33 5*

•52 54 16

•33 10 31

•16 23 25

• 24 08

33 54

40 36

47 18

0

0

1 tc

2

2

2

3

3

3

2,5

2

0

2

2.5
292

OBS.

NO.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1. Processed optical observations or Satellit e 1957 ctl (continued)

e z h

STATION

STA.

NO. U.T.

a

h m s

October 13, 1957

MAG

00210

00233

00240

00255

00304

00305

00312

00313

00314

00315

00316

00329

00330

00331

00365

00366

00367

00557

00558

00598

00252

00253

00254

00300

00301

00302

00306

00307

00308

00310

00311

00319

00320

00321

00324

00332

00334

00335

00336

00337

00459

00460

00461

00471

0054a

00543

00544

00545

00546

00554

00555

00559

OO56O •

00561

00570

00571

00575

00576

00577

00595

00730

00731

OHO6

01107

01108

01109

OHIO

Swarthmore

Dominion Obs.

Woomera

Naval Obs.

Helsinki B

Helsinki B

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Takada

Takada

Osaka Yomiuri

U. of Michigan

U. of Michigan

U, of Michigan

Bratislava

Bratislava

Jockls

Princeton

Princeton

Princeton,

Washington, DC

Washington, DC

Washington, DC

Washington, D.C

Agasslz

Agassiz

Woomera

Woomera

Perth

Perth

Perth

Naval Obs.

Musashlno

Shlzuoka

Nagoya

Otaru

Toyama

Takaoka

Akita

Akita

Pic du Midi

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Ondre.lov

Ondrejov

Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava

Perth

Perth

Stockholm

Stockholm

Stockholm

Perth

North Canton

State College

Boston U.

Boston U.

Boston U.

Boston U.

Boston U.

2038

2450

3601

2011

6701

6701

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

0250

0250

0241

2020

2020

2020

2701

2701

6700

2025

2025

2025

.8032

.8032

.8032

,6001

2052

2052

3601

3601

0601

0601

0601

2011

0233

0247

0236

0243

0254

0270

0200

0200

2705

3002

3002

3002

3002

3002

2702

2702

2701

2701

2701

0601

0601

2708

2708

2708

0601

0053

0060

2054

2054

2054

2054

2054

10:15:50

10:13:51.0

09:34:03.73

10:17 '

02:10:42

02:^.1:47 '

ll;O8sO8.8

Hi 09--21.6

11:09:59-0

11:10:57.8

11:11:25,8

19:50:03.5

19° 50fll. 9

19;47t28

10i15:28. 5

10-15:39.4

10?16;32.5

03:49:30,9

03:52:40.5

03;48:l8

1 1

8

8

13

1 2

18

1 2

1 1

11

13

1 0

4 1

32

38

37

05

19

14

49

35

11

28

'36.5

04

07

October 14, 1957

1Q:10I10.9

10;11:05»9

10;l6:00.7

10:10:55+1

10:11:09+1

10:11:39"

10:09:00

10:07:58+3

10:11:46+3

09:32:29

09:33:17

11:07:03.47

11:07:46.2

11:08:01.3

10:11:25-6

19:46:13

19:45:49

19:47:49

19:45:30

19:45:36

19:46:04

19:44:18

19:45:14

05:26:08

10:09:17-9

10:09:38.1

10:10:33-6

10:06:40.1

10:07:40.4

03:46:36

03:52:42

03:45:07.4

03:45:59-7

03:47:15.2

11:06:25.0

11:06:29.5

03:44:32

03:44:40

03:44:54'

11:06:29.5

10:07:47

10:10:25

10:10:42.05

10:10:43.27

10:10:44.50

10:10:46.88

10:10:48.26

14

1 1

1 2

15

13

1 1

17

2 2

9

13

14

1 1

2 2

23

6

7

8

I

15

1 0

9

4

4

5

1 2

6

6

7

7

7

4 2

34

1 0

48+ 7

00+ 4

18+ 4

1 0

44

30

12

58

40

40

08

31

26

24

52

07

42

42

55

32

47

1 2

3

56

03

15

21

48

48

54

30

06

30

0 0

30

36

0 2

48

06

36

44

13

04

08

23

58

42

15

51

38

68

24

14

4

67

- 3

75

1§

39

18

4 2

0 9

18

12

54

35

39

30

0 0

70+1

56+1

20+1

65

- 7

54

74

56

b4

70

75

23

• 4

19

88

85

72

21

50

4

1

56

73

73

72

71

70

54

1 0

11

16

54

41

47

1 2

19

40

17

15

32

1 0

51

08

03

15

53

1 2

30

14

0 0

06

0 0

48

30

42

24

04

1 1

17

46

74

(1950

255 17

90+1

235 44

255 40

274 54

310 35

324 44

4l 00

(Epoch

(Epoch

(Epoch

346 10

352 14

307 44

323 33

328 03

56 36

54 06

90

63 30

50 18

54 30

133 T2

292 01

293 09

293 08

0

25

position)

58

2 0

0 0

30

4 0

0 0

1950.

1950.

1950.

44

58

0 0

0 0

40

40

49 17

17+1

• 1 9

• 2 8

• 30

• 3 1

• 2 7

2 4

,01

, 0

0 )

19

15

• 2 1

• 1 7

• 1 5

29

27

16

51

2 1

2 2

25

23

23

•23

* T 1 XX

18

25

39

41

44

42

42

19

16

19

33

27

24

42

36

30

24

05

06

06

1 O XC

24

16

53

22

46

1 0

36

26

36

52

11

45

24

0 4

2

4

3

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

1.5

2

3

1-5

2

2

2
SATELLITES 19 5 7 ALPHA AND BETA 293

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 195? ctl (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00317

00322

00338

00339

00340

00361

00362

00368

00369

00370

00373

00374

00375

00376

00378

00379

00404

00406

00407

0040Q

00409

00472

00473

00474

00475

00476

00527

00528

00529

00578

00579

00580

00581

00700

00701

00732

00733

00734

00735

00736

00737

01008

01125

01126

01127

01128

00341

00342

00343

00344

00347

00364

00371

00372

00380

00381

00382

00383

00384

00385

00386

00387

00388

00389

STATION

Meanook

Naval Obit.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Lick Obs.

Lick Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Musashlno

Takaoka

Takada

Takada

Takada

Kanazawa

Kanazawa

Colgate U.

Mlllbrook

Cambridge

Washington, D.C.

Harrlsonburg

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du'Midi

State College

State College

Schenectady

Stockholm

Stockholm

Stockholm

Stockholm

Bratislava

Bratislava

NYC B

NYC B

NYC B

NYC B

NYC B

NYC B

Hastings

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Colgate U.

Princeton Obs.

Princeton Obs.

Princeton Obs.

Dominion Obs.

Dover

Naval Obs.

Fort Monmouth

Lincoln

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

STA.

NO.

5450

2011

8032

8032

8032

2005

2005

2706

2706

0233

0270

0250

0250

0250

0221

0221

2044

0045

0099

0014

0703

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

0060

0060

0081

2708

2708

2708

2708

2701

2701*

8510

8510

8510

8510

8510

8510

6011

2711

2711

2711

2711

2044

2053

2053

2053

2450

0039

2011

3006

0038

0099

0099

0099

0099

3002

3002

3002

3002

3002

U.T

11:

10:

10:

10:

10:

13:

13:

03:

03:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

10:

10:

10:

10:

10:

05:

05:

05;

05:

05:

10:

10:

10:

03'.

03:

03:

03:

03:

03;

1.0:

10:

10:

10:

10:

10

10:

02;

03:

03:

03:

10:

09

09

09

09

10

10

10

11

09

10

38:

07:

06:

06.

07:

19:

si

<

h 1

October

00

43+178

04+18

55+1

31+1

04.3+0?5

09.2+0?5

31 ""

45t24

40:

39:

38:

39:

40:

39:

41:

03:

08:

06:

06:

07:

16:

17:

17:

18:

18:

04:

05:

:05:

:39:

:39:

:40:

:40:

:4l:

;42:

:04:

:05:

;07

;08

;08

;08

:06

53-5

43

50

59

25

48

42

53

12

47

09

18

35

;23

;50

:22

;24

:ie

;4l

;59

:37

:50

:05

:18

:16.3

:42.8

:38

= 36

:34

:16

:40

:47

:10.5

:05s12.8

:4l

;4l

:42

;58

:59

;00

•01

:58

:00

:00

:00

:36

:59

?00

10:00

10

09

09

10

10

10

:00

:57

:58

.01

:03

:05

:06.4

:34.4

:44.5

8

11

10

10

10

10

10

9

16

12

11

12

11

9

11

11

18

11

8

3

4

4

4

6

8

23

4

9

9

9

9

11

2

5

7

1

n s

15, 1957

34

45+5

46+5

40+5

12 35.3

11 56.6

02

58

00

15

44

45

10

12

46

19 10

27

27

11

51 24

11 36

07 00

58 00

47 06

56 00

00

08

33

34

38

37

22 00

58 36

02 00

37 18

0

32

6

1

36

58+1/4

33+1/2

21+1/2

24"

22

43

22

74

57

48

57

16

2

53

20

72

54

43

4

1

- 1

- 3

78

12

65

87

23

- 1

- 8

-10

17

53

44

5

October 16, 1957

:40

:O8.5

:46.3

s29.6

:59-5

:O8.4

:52+58

:18

:25-4

:50.2

:23.4

:35.6

:37.6

:44

:55

;32

:23

;00

1

1

8

8

5

10

7

59 48?17472

20

28

'52

55 41.4

30

01

79

31

6

42

49

20

29

08

30

30

00

14

00

22

20

30

28

50

15

3

0?6

03

48

03

30

05

04

36

42

39

00

18

00

11

45

22

30

13

30

18

12

37

45

36

0

0

0

27

19

12

30

10'.'

57

00

z

1

90 54

(1950.0)

(1950.0)

(1950.0)

53 54

125 30

0

159 00

328 06

328 36

328 48

329 48

329 54

32

09

37

51+5

275

227

208

205 30

312 21

267 50

173 40

161 10

158

h MA(

1 »

37 57 18

1

1

1

36 2

23

45 06 2

63 24

17 18

27 42

38 36

52 06

53 48

36

48

75 30+30-

59 30

64 30

60 30

58 30

32 45

60 38

39 57

17 47

8 22

1

1

1

3 to 1

3 or 2

460132 O—51
294

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 al (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00390

00391

00392

00393

00394

00395

00396

00397

00399

00400

00401

00402

00403

00477

00478

00479

00480

00494

00495

00496

0049V

00498

00499

00500

00501

00502

00540

00541

005^7

00548

00710

01129

01130

01131

01132

00351

00352

QO353

00354

00355

00356

00357

00358

00363

00466

00467

00468

00503

00504

00505

00506

00507

OO506

60509

00510

00511

00512

00513

00514

00515

00516

00517

00518

00519

00520

00521

STATION

Cambridge

Milton

Milton

Milton

Milton

Milton

Milton

Milton

Mllbrook

Milbrook

Schenectady

Sacramento

Red Bank

Lick

Lick

Lick

Lick

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pio du Midi

Pia du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Mansfield

Mansfield

Bedford

Bedford

Athens Obs.

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Westover

Westover

Westover

Westover

Westover

Westover

Westover

Westover

Pasac&l

Las Graces

Lincoln

Lincoln

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

STA.

NO.

0099

6003

6003

6003

6003

6003

6003

6003

00^5

0045

8038

0007

0040

2005

2005

2005

2005

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705'

2705

2705

2705

8034

8034

3002

3002

2706

2711

2711

2711

2711

3011

3011

3011

3011

3011

3011

3011

3011

8008

0042

0038

0038

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

U.T.

October

09:59:30

O9r59:O7

09s59:48

10;00:05

10<00;45

10;01s29

10:02:31

10?03;09

10?00,02

10;00:45

09^59:46

13:13:02,9

10f00:l8

13;12s46.7

13;12;50.7

13:12:52.7

13'. 12: 56.7

05:11:03

05'. 12; 27

05:13:08

05". 13:17

05:14;20

O5:15sl3

05:15:31

05:15:59

05s17:24

O9s59:19

09i59:59

10;00:24,4

10:05:35.8

03:40:58

03:35:06.6

03:35:25-6

O3:36;28.1

03;39:20.1

a

h m s

16, 1957 1

5 20

2 28

3 01

4 51

6 20

7 21

8 05

8 21

2 03

7 22

5 47

8 42 30

9 01 54.

9 03 22,

9 03 59.

9 05 20.

2 39

5 08

5 46 36

6 08 42

9 19

2 01 36

2 59 00

5 50 36

8 12 00

<

[cont'

27

48

40

33

13

- 5

- 2 0

-25

o 4

28

37

6

0 25

8 23

3

s

 22

4 19

56

43

21

15

- 1 1

4 1

37

1 2

- 2 3

October 17, 1957

09.51:12

09;51:18

09:51;22

09:51:30

09:54:48

O9;54;49

09:54:57

09:55:11

13-05:57.550

11:28:15

11:29.34.5

11:29:46.2

O5iO4:47

O5;O5JO8

05;05:36

05:05^51

05:06:14

05:06:35

05:06:41

05:06:57

05:07:14

05:07:24

05:07:28

05:07:50

05:08:18

05:08:47

05:08:53

05:08:56

05:09:02

05s09:08

05:09:26

5 45 48

6 30 00

6 42

4 2

7

2

0

1

d . )

00+30

54

54

06

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

35

50

12

42

32 52

09 01

08 42

52 35

36

18

33

29

24

22

44

42

57

26

30

0 0

51

313

303

2(51

2 4 2

175

160

160

158

156

312

i l l

310

^08

160

165

164

1 0 '

23

305

288

278

2^5

233

228

2 1 0

198

192

191

1 8 1

1 7 5

1 7 0

1 7 0

1 7 0

1 6 9

168

^67

Z

1 0

24

3 0

42

06

54

54

12

2 4

36

13

49

24

13

Ob

32

48

43

12

42

06

54

42

12

30

42

48

12

48

48

06

30

12

0 0

06

18

18

75

35

53

69

71

53

35

3

2?6

15

29

31

32

35

•to

:-9

?7

25

1 ?

2(

^3

U2

47

•53 J ~J

54

54

50

46

43

43

36

29

*- J

2423

2 3

c- ~>

21

2 0

18

h

30

0 0

36

12

2 4

18

18

12

36

18

33

15

2')

4 0

0 8

IP.

48

0 0

54

54

24

24

S4

24

06

54

48

24

06

0 6

24

18

24

24

36

24

MAO.

2-5
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA 29 5

OBS.

NO.

00522

00523

00524

00525

00526

00530

00531

00532

OQ533

00534

00535

00536

00537

00538

00539

00549

00550

00551

00563

00564

00565

00566

00702

00703

00711

00712

00713

00714

00715

01133

OH'34

01135

01136

01137

01138

01139

01140

01141

01142

00491

00492

00552

00573

00583

00584

OO615

OO616

00617

OO618

OO619

00620

00621

00622

00623

00624

00625

00626

00627

00628

00629

00630

00631

OO632

00633

00634

00635

OO636

OO637

00638

00639

STATION

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Manhattan

Manhattan

Manhattan

Manabattan

Milton

Milton

Schenectady

Sacramento A

Cambridge

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Bedford

Hlgashlmatsuyama

Osaka Yomluri

Hofu

Klryu

Bratislava

Bratislava

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

U. of Kansas

Portland

Milwaukee

Manhattan

Manazuru

Kanagawa

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic. du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

STA.

NO.

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

0027

0027

0027

0027

6003

6003

8511

0007

0099

3002

3002

3002

3002

0210

0241

0213

0223

2701

2701

2706

2706

2706

2706

2706

2711

2711

2711

2711

2711

2711

2711

2711

2711

2711

8037

0076

0074

0027

0228

0219

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

U.T. h

October 17,

05:09:36

05:09;56

05:10:33

05s11:02

05slls43

11:29:34

11? 30;ll

11:30:20

11:31:55

09:52:55

09^55:11

09:53:02

13^05:05.0

09:52:51.2

09:51:25.8

09s52:40.0

09:52:55.6

09:54:45

19:29:03

19:34:08

19:29:15

19:25:15

03:28:36.1

03:29:56.0

03:30:22

03:30:49

03:31:55

03:33:26

03:33:54

03:28:39-6

03:28:49-6

03:29:09.6

03:29:19.6

03:29:29.6

03:29:39-6

03:29:49.6

03:30:09.6

03:31:29.6

03:31:49.6

11:21:16.5

12:56:30

09:45:46.5

11:20:37

19:18:15-7

19:21:00

03:22:33

03:22:55

03:23:14

03:23:28

03:23:40

03:23:50

03:23:55

03:24:05

03:24:12

03:24:20

03:24:33

03:24:50

03:25:05

03:25:26

03:25:37

03:25:55

03:26:95.

03:26:15

04:57:14

04:57:36

04:57:50

04:57:54

04:58:05

04:58:07

04:58:19

5

7

7

8

3

6

5

6

3

4

6

9

18

12

6

3

6

00

3

5

6

7

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

7

7

a

m 8

1957

56

01

15

16

39

57

35

43 30

43 18

26 06

50 24

24 54

28

47

32

10 04

43 55

50

15

28

50

54

47 06

14 48

59 06

22 36

43 54

02 42

21 00

50 00

08 12

20 54

October 18,

4

6

9

3

9

26 11

23

47

56

20

O

(cont'd

21

4

00

-23

27

-18

21

27

26

19

-16

- 8

70

15

88

47

8

68

67

48

9

-12

27

24

1110

6

3

- 2

-19

-21

1957

19

-17

- 3

39

53

6

1 "

. )

40

05

40

20

36

48

00

06

52

04

38

34

50 54

39 12

30

00

36

36

30

41

25

21

20

38

57

15

53

07

39

05 18

42

20

12

18

0

166

164

162

161

160

268

301

215

86

89

92

$

97

99

100

100

102

103

104'

106

108

109

110

101

112

292

283

275

275

266

265

256

Z

1 »

06

18

30

18

06

24

30

30

42

00

48

30

00

24

36

12

30

30

42

324?

42

12

30

18

06

36

06

48

48

24

*

17

14

10

8

5

47

31

45

12

11

10

8

8

7

6

6

5

5

4

3

2

1

1

00

29

34

3

3I8

42

40

42

h

1 1

06

42

54

54

54

37

30

30

30

30

30

06

00

00

48

30

30

00

00

IS

24

30

00

30

06

24

30

00

36

54

42

MAG.
296

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Processed optica l observations of Satellit e 1957 cti (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

MO. U.T.

MAO.

October 18, 1957 (cont'd.)

00640

00641

00642

00643

00644

00645

00646

00647

00648

00649

00650

00651

00652

00653

00654

OO655

OO656

OO657

006 58

OO659

00660

00661

00662

OO663

00664

30665

20666

JO667

00668

OO669

00670

00671

00672

00673

00674

00675

00676

00707

00982

00983

00984

00985

00986

00987

00988

00989

00990

00991

00992

00993

00994

00995

00996

00997

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Midi

Midi

Midi

Nidi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Mini

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

PiC du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Port Worth

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sand3 B

White Sands B

White Sands' B

White Sands B

White Sands B

White Sands B

00427 Lick

00428 Lj.ck

00429 Lick

00430 .Lick

00431 Lick

00462 Bryan

00463 Bryan

00464 Bryan

00465 Bryan

00533 Kansas City

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

OO69

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

5011

04:58:39

04:58:48

04:58:57

04:59:09

04:59:19

04:59:33

04:59:35

04:59:59

05:00:22

05s00;22

05:00:33

05:00:37

05:00:42

05:00:55

05:00:59

05:01:11

05:01:21

05:01:23

05s01:31

05s01:36

05:01:45

05:01:55

05s01:57

05s02s07

05:02:13

05s02s20

05s02:33

05:02s38

05s02:46

05:02:52

05:03:11

05:03:16

05:03:27

O5:P3:4l

05:04:26

05:05:02

05:05:18

11:22|45

11:21:46

11:22:02

11:22:18

11:22:28

11:22:40

11:22:54

11:23:12

11:23:32

11:23:34

11:23:46

11:23:58

11:24:10

11:24:22

11:24:36

04:24:48

11:25:16

7 47 33 30

240 06

234 42

226 12,

216 42

211 18

204 48

202 42

193 18

186 48

187 00

184 30

184 06

182 30

178 12

179 24

177 42

176 18

175 24

175 00

173 54

173 42

173 24

171 5^

171 30

170 36

170 36

169 06

168 42

168 12

167 48

167 18

166 5^

166 18

165 42

163 54

163 00

162 54

243 03

250 35

257 32

261 38

266 13

271 13

276 43

281 56

282 24

285 11

287 40

289 58

292 05

294 17

295 55

299 23

44 18

40 24

43 24

41 48

40 42

37 54

37 06

32 54

28 24

28 36

26 42

25 24

25 06

21 54

22 24

20 42

19 36

18 54

18 00

17 24

16 36

15 24

15 06

14 24

13 24

13 00

11 48

11 24

11 00

8 06

8 12

8 24

7 30

6 24

3 54

1 54

0 54

04 *6p

13 *60

53 *6l

42 »62

26 »63

08 *64

37 »66

24 «68

5k »68

31 *69

30 »7l

01 »72

28 »73

10 »74

16 «75

02 »78

23 06

48 40

40 44

22 12

25 34

45 11

31 30

38 38

51 07

59 38

11 28

23 35

31 05

49 05

53 42

10 37

October 19, 1957

2005

2005

2005

2005

2005

MOTE:

0065

OO65

OO65

OO65

0036

12:48:01.99

12:48:05-41

12:48:08.14

12:48:16.16

12:48:19-75

5 34 34V88

5 39 50 66

5 43 44 88

5 55 06 55

5 59 22 94

10 40 25.8

8 57 52.9

7 38 18.4

3 52 29.I

2 14 57.6

Estimated uncertainties in above Lick Observations are

0.1 in time and 10" of arc in each coordinate.

11:13:20

11:14:10

11:15:10

11:16:30

11:12:43

5 49

7 03

7 40

8 25

4 34

42 08

18 09

- 0 48

-22 09

- 2 30
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 29 7

Table 1.—Processed optica l observations of Satellit e 1957 a l (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00567

00574

00704

00705

00706

00708

00716

00717

00718

00719

00720

01003

01004

01005

01006

01007

00562

00568

00709

00437

00439

00440

00445

00572

00721

00414

00415

00417

00418

00420

00421

00422

00423

00424

00425

00426

00441

00442

00443

00444

00722

00723

00724

OO725

00448

00449

00450

-OO456

00729

STATION

Yokkaichi

Lincoln

Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava

Fort Worth

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

C. Canaveral D

C. Canaveral D

C. Canaveral D

C. Canaveral D

C, Canaveral D

Conally AFB

Tulsa

Fort Worth

Musashlno

Nagano

Honjo

Philadelphia

Weston

Athens Obs.

Musashlno

Musashinp

Toyahashi

Suwa

Toyama

Manazuru

Manazuru

Manazuru

Takada

Higashimatsuyama

Sapporo

Millbrook

Millbrook

Dover

Mai hat tan

Atl'^v.s Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Athens Obs.

Kururae Machi

Mltaka

Nagano

Sendai

Kurume Machl

STA.

NO.

0258

0038

2701

2701

2701

OO69

2706

2706

2706

2706

2706

8017

8017

8017

8017

8017

0093

0054

OO69

0233

0234

0212

0058

6004

2706

0233

0233

0255

0248

0254

0228

0228

0228

0250

0210

0245

0045

0045

0039

0027

2706

•2706

2706

2706

0227

0229

0234

0246

0227

U.T. h

a

m

October 19, 1957

19:07:38

11:12:53

03:15:19-

03:15:20.

O3:15s5O.

11:12:27

03:14:02

03:14:43

03:15:16

O3sl5:45

03:16:58

09:37:54.

09s38s00,

O9s38s58.

09:39:08.

09:39:14.

11:02:30

11:04:35

11:03:03

08s43:58

08:48:29

08:48:34

23;22:00

23: 27130-

16:45? 04"

08?36s38.

08:36 50

08:3ls 08

08;37;38

O8?36:15

08:36:40

08s 36:52,

08:37^53.

08:37:23

08:36:29

08:37s52

22:54:05

22:54:34

22:53:52

00:43:04

16:33:00

16:33:34

16:33:44

16:34:09

09:24:25

08:23:26

08:23:15

08:24:49

08:23:34

5

8 7

9 7

4 7

6

1

3

3

5

6

170

690

180

175

180

42

04

05

18

25

28

00

47

21

32

6

s • "

(cont'd.)

-14 48

48 -23 49 00

38 -24 00 00

42 -26 44 12

30 30

46 00

35 54

27 42

5 42

-15 12

October 20, 1957

5 08 28 45

October 21, 1957

hlm 22

20

55

40

-29 45

-32

October 22, 1957

7

1

,4

1

23

22

22

23

0

0 0

22

21

23

00

1

October

1

34

15

33

38

03

02

07

48

42

39

08

30

23

36

10 30

-25 00

-24

-27 54

-17 20

- 7 50

- 10

BO -14 14

-13 48

14 42

21

27 00

, 1957

22

°

39

48

51

7S

83

86

180

180

137

155

144

0

135

120

90

90

123

108

75

315

105

112

98

Z

1

48

38

38

52

54

16

42

30

0 0

30

30

06

"

24

55

27

44

05

57

29

30

29

28

28

28

28

12

14

40

21

22

16

12

21

21

15

17

22

23

23

h

1

24

52

13

30

47

17

31

30

42

24

30

30

40

54

29

31

i?59

30

MAO.

2

1

1.5

1

1

1

1

3

1

0

3.5

2

0

1

n

1

2

1

1
298 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 al (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00410

00441

00412

00413

00432

00433

00434

00435

00436

00453

00458

STATION

Whlttler

Whlttler

Whlttier

St. Louis

Pasacal

Pasacal

Pasacal

Pasacal

Pasacal

San Antonio

Hofu

00452 Whlttler

01143 Skalnate Pleso

5TA.

NO.

0012

0012

0012

0080

8008

8008

8008

8008

8008

0089

0213

0012

2711

U.T. h

h MAG.

01:49:02

01:49:07

01:49:08

00:13:59

01:48:13.

01:48:23.

01:49:23.

01:49:27.

01:49:31.

00:12:12

01:30:;

17:25:'

October 24, 1957

15 33

15 03

14 55

16 34 30

16 45 12

16 44 12

7 20

6 33

6 08

18 45

343

352

392

395

396

77 30

77 45

78 30

-10 24

7 18

19 00

85 07

82 50

80 36

28 34

October 25, 1957

15 46 21 30

314 30

272

9 12

19

01144 Skalnate Pleso

October 26, 1957

2711 17:09:26 11 01 06 62 00

01145 Slcalnate Pleso

00597

00740

00741

01111

01012

01011

00861

00862

OO863

01112

00614

00742

00743

00864

OO865

00866

00867

01063

01064

OIO65

October 27, 1957

2711 16:49:49 13 45 48 49 48

Woomera

Armagh. B

Armagh B

Slcalnate Pleso

Edinburgh, Scot.

Edinburgh, Scot,

Perth

Perth

Perth

Skalnate Pleso

Boyden Obs.

Armagh

Armagh

3601

8036

8036

2711

2653

2653

0601

0601

0601

2711

2400

8036

8036

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Mt'. atomolo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

00599

00601

00602

00727

00728

00744

OO745

01066

OIO67

01068

Jodrell , Radar

Woomera

Woomera

DunsInk

DunsInk

Armagh, B

Armagh, B

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stroralo

Mt. Stroralo

0601

0601

0601

0601

2600

2600

2600

4650

3601

3601

2652

2652

8036

8036

2600

2600

2600

October 28, 1957

18:46:26

18:04:48.2

18:04:43.6

16:29:24.4

18:05:40

18:04:58

19:57:05

19:58:11

19:59:25

16:09:35

13 54 12 50 40

5 32

October 31, 1957

46

01:54:42

18:30:37.8

18:31:57.6

19:09:09

19:09:40

19:10:18,5

19:15:51

17:36:21

17:37:18

17:39:47

12 30 00 -67 48

6 43

8 02

12 36

November 1,

18:06:35

18:43:16.6

18:44:52.3

18:04:47

18:05:47

18:05:46.7

18:06:28.4

1957

17:09:55

17:10:41

17:11:42 9 29

5 18

-22 42

-40 12

01069 Mt. Stromlo

01070 Mt. Stromlo

01071 Mt. Stromlo

2600 16:43:15

2600 16:45:15

2600 18:20:04

November 2 , 1957

8 27

10 13

0 24

-18 00

-41 54

-42 36

118 59 34

111 36

118 30

90 45

171 55

46 15

91 05

120 04

33 11 40

47 06

48 00

*44 20

*49 20

•51 17

• 51 01 #36 57

-16 36

-39 54

-58 06

279

340

63

77

140

180

279

242

310

349

350

11

8

58

51

36

13

01 00

57 28

12

30

12

06

11

19

•37

•37

•34

• 2

15

18

24

50

43

48

12 18

29 51 29

38 07 12

17 54

17 06

21 30

16 18
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 299

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 al (continued)

OBS. STA.

NO. STATION NO.

00600 Jodrell , Radar 4650

01013 Edinburgh, Scot. 2653

01014 Edinburgh, Scot. 2653

01015 Edinburgh, Scot. 2653

U.T. o

h m s

November 3, 1957

18:45:55

17:10:27

November 4, 1958

18:14:58

Movember 6, 1958

17:07:58

MAO.

164

30 56 •14 56

348 51

 #13 56

335 35 »17 57

01072 Mt. Stromlo

01073 "t. Strbmlo

01074 Mt. Stromlo

00755 Jodrell, Ftadar

01113 Skalnate Pleso

OO756 Jodrell, Radar

00778 Armagh

00779 Armagh

01114 Skalnat* Pleso

00780 Armagh

00781 Armagh

00782 Armagh

01115 Skalnate Pleao

01116 Skalnate Pleso

November 7, 1957

2600 17:15:18 21 5^ -55 12

2600

2600

4650

2711

4650

2651

2651

2711

2651

2651

2651

2711

2711

00809

00810

01096

01097

01098

01099

01100

01101

01117

01118

00785

01017

01018

01019

01020

01021

01022

01093

01102

01103

01104

01105

01119

Armagh

Armagh

Dunslnk B

DunsInk B

Dunslnk B

Dunslnk B

Dunslnk

Dunslnk

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

Sydney

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Bratlslava-Koliba

Dunsink

Dunslnk

Dunsink

Dunslnk

Skalnate Pleso

2651

2651

2654

2654

2654

2654

2652

2652

2711

2711

0602

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2701

2652

2652

2652

2652

2711

November 9, 1957

15:58:16 20 45 -75 18

16:00:27 15 41 -64 42

November 18, 1957

19:04:17

15:53:00 6 11 42 42 42

November 19, 1957

11:44:59

17:56:44.1

17:56:58.4

16:26:32 7 59 18 56 37

November 21, 1957

18:55:03-5

18:55:48.1

18:56:35-3

15:51:10

15:22:17

8 17 00

5 10 00

54 48

46 36

November 22, 1957

17:45:58.0

17:46:25-1

17:46:38.5

17:46:45.5

17:48:00

17:48:17

17:48:45

19:20:50

16:16:15

16:18:17

13 44

14 QO

0 24 30

0 30

0 42

18 57

11 32 36

1 28 42

67 30

72 15 32 ?6

18 42

1 36

- 5 18

69 36

15 48

November 23, 1957

00

(1855 position)

00

346 06

351 30

(1855 position)

283 24

264 54

234 36

320 48

323 ^2

11:00:

18:08:

18:09:

18:10:

18:11:

18:12:

18:12:

16:39:

18:07:

18:08:

18:09:

18:11:

16:39:

8 30 -62 30

29

36

39.8

34

23

16

19

21

23

21

39

25

07

16

38

23

48

18

- 1

29

16

- 3

-26

1

46 42

24

36

06

54

00

323

319

314

291

167

162

00

45

59

35

29

00

90

9 0 •

19 5*

22 36

17 28

23 42

28 54

27 1&

40 12

11 45

21 33

35 15

62 27

45 15

36 09
300 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL. 2

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 cd (continued)

MAO.

+3

OBS.

HO.

00746

00747

00748

00749

00750

00751

00752

00753

00754

OO76O

OO76I

00762

00763

00764

00766

00773

00774

00775

00776

007B6

00787

00788

OO789

00790

00791

00792

00793

00827

OO828

00829

OO96O

00961

00962

OO963

OO96A

00965

00966

00971

OO972

00973

00974

OO97B

01023

01024

01025

01026

01027

01028

01029

01030

01031

OIO32

01033

01034

01094

00757

OO758

00759

00765

OO767

00768

OO769

00770

00771

00772

00777

00783

00784

STATION

Columbus

Colunbus

Columbus

Portland

Boise

Phoenix

Phoenix

Phoenix

Oakland

Arlington

Arlington

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

Springfield, Va.

Silver Spring

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento^B

North Canton

Portland

Perth

Perth

Washington

Washington

Utrecht B

Utrecht B

Utrecht A

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Nltaka

Yolckalchl

Hiroshima

Kanayamachl

Talcada

Sendai

Mlyazaki

Musashino

Nllgata

Hofu

Sendai

Columbus

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pio du Midi

Plo du Midi

Pio du Midi

Pio du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Bratlslava-Koliba

Sacramento A

Sacramento A

Sacramento A

Milwaukee B

Lemont

Oakland

Oakland

Oakland

Whittier

Walnut Creek

Tucson

North Canton

North Canton

STA.

NO.

0051

0051

0051

0076

0018

0002

0002

0002

0006

0071

0071

0055

0055

8509

0032

85OO

85OO

85OO

0053

0076

0601

0601

6001

6001

8002

8002

2707

0099

0099

0099

0229

0258

0211

0220

0250

0246

0230

0233

0238

0213

0246

0051

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2701

0007

0007

0007

0198

0022

0006

0006

0006

0012

0011

0003

0053

0053

U.T. a

n m s

November 24, 1957

00:16:40

00:16:43

00:16:48

01:46:13

01:46:25

01:48:27

01:48:57

01:49:12

01:48:56

23:02:16

23:02:39

23:01:36

23:02:39

23:02:21

23:02:43.5

01:45:23.6

01:47:19.1

01:47:19.9

23:01:31

01:45:53

14:1B:37

14:19:00

23:02:48

23:03:47

16:54:23

16:56:40

16:54:30

23:03:13

23:04:23.4

23:04:32.8

09:24:22

09:84:52

09:23:33

09:24:41

09:25:06

09:23:04

09:24:56

09:24:32.7

09:24:52

09:23.: 25

09:25:19

23:01:49

18:26:54

18:27:35

18:28:13

18:28:54

18:29:43

18:30:12

18:30:43

18:31:12

18:31:43

18:32:15

18:32:40

18:32:53

16:57:48.6

17 54

18 05

18 08

1 22 30

13 15

17 00

0 15

3 16

20 35 30

23 5? 18

19 35

22 24

23 40

00 36

10 12 18

3 42 06

3 39 54

1 12

1 23 03

23 20

0 50

19 11

20 53

20 09

18 35

20 37

22 26

20 55

20 41

20 10

2 24

2 12

21 14 12

November 25,

02:03:50

02:04:36.3

02:05:19.2

00:36:28

00:34:09

02:03*15

02:03:54.4

02:04:27.8

02:05:54

02:04:17

00:44:42

00:35:24

00:21:17

20 40 36

22 51 42

23 40 48

19 30

19 44

22 19

22 10 07

23 35 22 48

22 32

19 32

19 27

e

19

19

16

60

68

85

61

25 30

36 25

14 45

44

- 1

28 30

30 42

65 14 24

47 27 36

47 33 36

35 30

60 01 04

28 00

17 00

42 12

30 36

37 30

21 30

15 00

77 00

47 00

- 10 00

- 14 00

50 00

22

-20 Hg 12

, 1957

50 10 12

8 53

-14 48

-18

-17 30

58 05

62

28 25

8 18

38

-21 48

-22 24

Z

270 90

(1958.0 position)

246 43 00

241 16 00

197

176

174 30

270 OQ

240 00

0

208 48

298 47

288 53

275 23

254 52

228 35

215 16

204 17

196 49

190 26

185 29

182 41

181 26

314

7

8

23

12

11

32

30

34

23

10

14

18

2?

21

19

16

13

10

8

6

5

36

h

20 00

20 00

00

00

00

18

15

39

57

33

39

39

27

27

45

15

11
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 al (".ontlnued)

301

OBS.

NO.

00794

00798

00802

00806

00812

00820

00824

00825

00826

00831

00832

00833

00834

00835

00836

00837

00838

00923

00967

00958

00969

00970

00975

00977

01035

01036

OIO37

OIO38

01039

01040

01041

01042

01043

01044

01045

01075

OIO76

00795

00796

00797

00799

00800

00801

00803

00804

008Q5

00807

00808

00811

OO813

00814

OO815

00816

OO817

OO818

OO819

00821

00822

OO823

OO83O

OO839

00840

00844

00845

00848

00849

STATION

College

Sunnyvale B

Bristol

Greensboro A

Danville

Springfield, Va.

St. Louis

Rantoul

Terre Haute

Sydney

Washington, D. C.

Washington, D. C.

C. Canaveral F

C. Canaveral F

C. Canaveral F

C. Canaveral F

C. Canaveral F

Woomera

Mitaka

Asahlgawa

Sendai

Takada

KuruneBachi

Akron-Canton

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Plo du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Canberra

Canberra

Walnut CreeK

College

Sunnyvale

Waco

Los Alamos

Los Angeles

Fort Worth

Big Spring

Yankton

Whlttier

Santa Barbara

Kansas City

Bryan

Bryan

Oakland

Oakland

San Angelo

San Angelo

Tulsa

Sacramento A

Sacramento A

Manhattan

Organ Pass

Peoria

Redbank

Sylacauga B

Rantoul

Arlington

St# Louis

STA.

NO.

6450

85O8

0097

0049

0021

8509

0080

0092

0025

0602

6001

6001

8020

8020

8020

8020

8020

3601

0229

0201

0246

0250

0227

0053

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

7000

7000

0011

6450

OO78

0093

0043

0100

0069

0083

0061

0012

0009

0036

0065

0065

0006

0006

0105

0105

0054

0007

0007

0027

9001

0023

0040

8506

0092

0071

0080

U.T.

h

November

01:57:20

02:04:15

23:15:23

23:15:10

23:14:10

23:15:12

23:13:ftl

23:14:06.

23:14:26

09:59:22

23:15:10

23:l6t35

23:17:51

23:17:55

23:18:02

23:18:07

23:18:10

11:30:32.

08:07:47

0§;05J34

08:09s06

09:39:03

08:06:59

00:35:2ft

17:09;29

17:10:03

17:10:28

17:11:03

17:11:29

17:11:55

17:12:28

17:12:5ft

17:13:25

17:13:ft8

17:14:17

09:59:59.

10:00:50

02:17:25-

02:10:12

02:11:30

00:47:44

00:46:16

02:18:59

00:47:54

00:32:43

00:44:29

02:17:2ft

02:20:18

00:45:07

00:49:42

00:47:59

02:16:53

02:17^22

00:42:29

OOs48s5O

00:46:14

02:15:46

02:17:11

00:46:13

00:46:27

23:22:28

21:50:16

23:24:31

23:21:32

23:35:05

23:22:03

5

8

7

0

19

2

2

4

17

20

3

20

1

17

19

5

6

a

m

25,

30

15

56

05

03

13

15

10

52

38

32

26

18

November

5

,5

.5

.2

.7

.5

20

22

21

0

19

20

17

18

17

21

19

19

20

20

0

18

17

20

18

2

17

17

22

22

22

05

034p

12

48

19

25

42

3 o

18

22

40

05

06

32

35

57

06

55

52

13

• e e1 "

1957 (ctont'd)

26,

27

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

34

10

32

00

30

62

1

49

44

-13

25

-13

28

48

18

48

06

00

00

00

-13 00

14

-21

-20

-30

1957

-17

37

9

20

- 5

-17

6

10

10

-33

7

- 1

-17

31

-29

9

16

-25

- 8

42

40

12

37

00

48

48

00

30

22 48

18

18

32

24

15

30

27 19

30

30

32 24

09 36

02

18

. Q

lo

23

24

•

180

270

180

90

90

101

105

110

H3

11ft

192

ft5

14

ft7

77

104

115

121

126

129

131

133

13ft

180

59

180

270

1, -, 43

90

Z

1

44

46

11

01

S

00

27

ft5

43

27

15

33

30

28

54

15

41

49

12

56

3ft

26

44

•

22

87

46

49

h1 »

43 28

•39 48 04

•38 28 4l

•36

•3»

37

2ft

35

ft3

41

31

24

19

14

10

7

5

3

12

70

14

°33 •

81

09 14

31 3ft

34 05

48 52

00

38

32

26

32

14

08

08

38

s

38

on

30

33 zr

MAO.
302 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1 . Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 al (concluded)

OBS.

HO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T.

MAQ.

November 26, 1957 (cont'd)

00850

OO852

00853

00654

00855

OO856

00859

00860

00881

OO883

00887

00888

OO889

00890

OO891

00892

00924

00925

00926

00956

00976

00979

01001

01046

0i047

01048

01049

01050

01051

01052

01053

01054

01055

01062

01077

01078

01079

01095

00596

00841

00842

00843

00846

OO851

00857

OO858

00868

00869

OO872

OO873

OO874

OO875

OO876

OO877

OO878

00884

OO885

00886

00899

00900

00902

00903

00904

00905

00906

00907

OO9O8

Terre Haute

Wllmore

Harrisonburg

Roanoke

Evansville

Cleveland

Organ Pass

San Antonio

Sydney

Adelaide

Amarillo AFB

C. Canaveral 0

C. Canaveral 0

C. Canaveral 0

C. Canaveral 0

C. Canaveral 0

Big Spring

Kumamoto

Kagoshlma

Nea« Adelaide

Asahlkawa

0". of 111.

Albuquerque

Pic du Midi

Plo du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

College, Alaska

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Bratislava

0025

0029

0072

0073

0094

0052

9001

OO89

0602

0600

0064

8039

8039

8039

8039

8039

OO83

0225

0218

8507

0201

2014

0041

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

6450

2600

2600

2600

2701

Mt. Stromlo

Sacramento A

Waco

Lawton

Manhattan

Walnut Creek

Los Alamos

Phoenix

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Univ. of Illinois

Univ. of Illinois

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

I.G3 Alamos

Sylacauga

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Terre Haute

Jodrell, Radar

Milwaukee

Peoria

Greensboro A

Red Bank

New Haven

Bryn Athyn

New Haven

2600

0007

0093

0110

0027

0011

0043

0002

9001

9001

2014

2014

0099

0099

0099

0043

0001

3601

3601

3601

0025

4650

0074

0023

0049

0040

0087

00S5

0087

23:22:

23:23:

23:15:

23:22:

23:22:

23:05:

00:46:

00:47:

10:10:

11:42:

00:46:

23:29:

23:29:

23:29:

23:30:

23:30:

00:47:

09:52:

09:52:

11:43:

08:17:

23:23

00:45

17:18

17:18

17:19

17:20

17:20

17:21:12

17:21:41

17:22:10

17:22:36

17:23:13

02:10:10

10:09:19

10:09:29

10:05:37

15:47:14.2

55

25

52

07

16

20

36:277

55

01

5 7

 a 07.8

44

49

56

04

19

07

OS

18

18

18.0

46

11

4<

19 28

1 51 48

20 12

20 15

6 20

19 34

19 35

20 14

0 43 21

8

20

49

20 15 43

3 13

3 45

4,16

18 57 40

November 27, 1957

17:29:38.2

02:25:02.2

00:51:42

00:55:02

00:53:06

02:22:43.5

00:53:51

00:53:16

10 10 30

19 21 12

00 42

17 31

16 56

19 53

00:53:56.043 18 55

00:54:20.04l 20 13

23:23:43.2

23:25:25.0

21:53:06.8

21:53:49.8

21:54:13.6

22:56:12

19 04

23:25:32

10:11:50.4

10:13:55-3

1O:1*:33.7

23:23*36.2

14:15:22

23:23:20

23:24:30

22:58:10

21:53:56

21:52:10

21:58:38

21:52:45

24

41 30

-66 30

180

214 06

270

270

270

Epoch I855

270

213 29 28

208 17 28

201 46 12

195 44 49

I87 30 40

270

-24

-23

191 06 40

-16 00

169 46

57 33 30 (1950.0 position)

• 315 42

308 52

217 20

171 53

163 20

159 44

157 07

155 41

155 03

154 09

-12 40 36

- 9 00

-23 24

-33 54

50 43

42 28

34 53

51

62

22

61 30

•47 49 37

•45 56 38

•42 59 17

•39 34 08

•33 35 24

85

14 32 20

24 29

24

36

64

41

28

22

16

12

9

6

18

48

48

48

48

18

18

18

18

00

15

-25 52 48

57 36

1

10

- 3

37 50

19 24

-21 30

237 09 00 14 27 00

40 30

Slant Range: 1150 km

17 35 12

256

198

244

203

176

270

26

105

119

270

17

270

0

38

305

60

280

16

27

30

30

00

21

38

38

00

30

00

46

59

56

•24

•16

44

36

28

49

25

26

19

24

9

24

63

77

50

53

75

04

29

09

34

17

32

00

14

02

01

54
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA

Table 1.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 al (continued)

303

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

November 27, 1957 (cont'd)

00927

00928

00929

00930

00931

00932

00933

00934

00935

00936

00937

OO938

00939

00940

00941

00942

00943

00944

00945

00946

00947

00948

00949

00950

00951

00952

00957

00959

01080

01081

OIO82

OIO83

OO87O

OOB71

00879

00880

00894

00895

OO896

00897

00898

00909

00910

00911

00912

00913

00914

00915

00916

00917

00916

00919

00920

00921

00922

00954

00955

01084

01085

01086

OIO87

01088

01069

01090

01091

01092

Mltaka

Mitaka

Mltaka

ToyohaBhi

Hiroshima

Kanayamachl

Takada

Kyoto

Hlgashlmatsuyama

Hanazuru

Manazuru

Manazuru

Sendal

Sendal

Musashino

Musashino

Nagoya

Takamatsu

Shlzuoka

Honjo

Otsu

Hlraejl

Mlzusawa

Mlzusawa

Mlzusawa

Mlzusawa

Adelaide

Adelaide

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Adelaide

Adelaide

Sacramento A

San Angelo

Albuquerque

Phoenix

Tucson

New Orleans

El Paao

Mitaka

Suwa

Shlzuoka

Manazuru

Manazuru

Manazuru

Manazuru

HIgashlmatsuyama

Hlmejl

Musashipo

Musashino

Konko

Klryu

Mlzukaldo

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Pi- du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

0B29

0229

0229

0255

0211

0220

0250

0259

0210

0228

0228

0228

0246

0246

0233

0233

0236

0251

0247

0212

0269

0262

0267

0267

0267

0267

8507

8507

2705

2705

2705

2705

0600

0600

0007

0105

0041

0002

0003

0030

0104

0229

02" R

0247

0228

0228

0228

0228

0210

0262

0233

0233

0224

0223

0231

9001

9001

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

: 2 5

:24

08:23:

08:24:

08:24:

08:25:

08:23:

08:24:

08:2

08

08:25:

08:25:

08:24

08:26

08:24

08:25

08:24:

08:24

08:25

08:23:

08:24

08:25

08:25

08:25

08:23

08:25

08:25

08:26

10:12

10:14

17:22

17:24

17:24

17:25

52

05

08

26

23

1 9

54

26

06

30

54

11

00

21

17

57-4

22

57

29

50

00

24

31

26

56

11

07

50

53

18

30

52

10:

10:

00:

00:

00:

00:

00:

00:

00:

08:

08:

08:

08

08:

08:

08:

08

08

08

08

17 05

17 37

17 50

22 15

9 38

21 39

22 24

21 52

20 17

18 47

19 ^5

22 05

31

27

26

II

63

-36

33

-12

22

5

-32

November 28, 1957

13:09

15:00

53:38.:

59:00

57:39

55:03

56:39

18:02

41:15

25:38

23:55

23:46

25:01

25:10

25:24

25:30

25:20

23:54

23:42

25:05

23:56

23:54

23:58

56:41.

55:57

18:55

19:08

19:20

19:34

20:50

21:07

21:26

22:44

:23:O2

6 22

00 58 13

-52 40

24 24

19 30 00 20 30

19 55

17 42

17 15

18 59

19 12

19 38

19 44

19 30

19 10

946 19 22 48

969 18 12 18

-32

4

12

-19

-21

-25

-27

-28

25.

-21 26

- 0 49

254

205

270

225

180

6

270

196

162

141

267

202

194

190

10

99

261

202

196

177

42

18

30

30

06

12

06

12

36

26 00

13 00

26

56

11

44

25

20

38

41

41

45

43

31

40

36

21

16

13

11

17

27

25

20

16

8

36

48

30

06

36

24

18

45 40

29 50

18

48

18

18

60 15

205 56 30

270

1

270

0

62

6 13 45

57

33

61

48

270 00

225

270

270

270 00

(Epoch 1875)

(Epoch I855)

289 16

284 51

281 15

276 13

239 35

231 29

222 34

296 01

193 19

17

20

55

23

20

9

10

11

12

16

15

14

8

2

10

30

00

DO

12

18

00

r°

4122

00
304

OBS.

NO.

00901

00953

01060

01061

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Processed optica l observations of Satellit e 1957 al (concluded)

STATION

Jodrell, Radar

Adelalte

Plo du Midi

Mt. Stronlo

STA.

NO.

46 90

0600

2705

2600

00998 Jodrell, Radar 4650

00999 Hacclesfield,Ra.dar465O

01000 Mao«le»field, Radar 4650

U.T. a 6

h m 8 o 1 n

.November 29, 1957

12:35:30 Slant Range: 1300 km

10:06:55

17:12>:2: 4

10:07:20 18 31 -35 54

155 30

211 46

.November 30, 1957

09:11:26

13:46:57

15:17;36

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

540 km ± 30 321

900 km + 50 29

240 km 180

3

30 30

7 48

19

9

40

MAO.
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA

Table 2.—Processed optical observations or Satellites 1957 ct2 and a3

305

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. HAG.

a2 00149 Sydney MW

ao? 00119 Sendal

a2 00127 State College

ct2? 00103 U.S. Naval ObB.

a3? 00105 Takada

Sacramento A

a3

a2

a2?

o2?

a2

a3

a3

o3

00104 Westover

00114 Sacramento A

a2 00112 Sacramento A

a2 00116 Milwaukee A

a3 00124 Kurume Machl

a2 00125 Hiroshima

a2? 00117 Greensboro

o3 00118 Waco (Conally

APB)

00106

00107

00120

00121.

00122

00123

Musashino

Kurume Machl

Las Crucea

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

a2 00109 Kurume Machi

a3 00102 San Antonio

a2 001II Aahigawa

a2 00130 Cambridge

a2 00131 Cambridge

0602

0246

0060

2011

0250

0007

3011

0007

0007

0074

0227

0211

0049

0093

0233

0227

0042

OO55

0055

0055

0227

OO89

0201

0099

0099

a2 00144 Skalnate Pleso 2711

October 9, 1957

09:39:31 15 18

October 14, 1957

19:56:43

10:l8tl2

13 11

12 17

-44 48

55

57

-16

0 54 36

October 15, 1957

10:20:40

19:43:45 10 10

October 16, 1957

13:27:27 7 25 30

October 17, 1957

09:55:18

13:24:48 7 07 48 -21 18

October 18, 1957

13:21:33.6 6 40 30

10:04:i53.5 9 47

19:28:41.9

19:40:23 6 18

111

October 19, 1957

09:58:00 8 40

October 20, 1957

11:24:27

October 22, 1957

09:23:51.7

09>:24:21.8

01:20:

23i30i09

23:30:53

1* 07

18 30

1 30

October 23, 1957

09:13:15

October 24, 1957

00:57:00

09:07:02

22:48:07.2

22:48:11

16 45

a2 00145 Skalnate Pleso

a2 00146 Skalnate Pleso

2711

2711

October 25, 1957

16:57:03

October 26, 1957

16:47:33.6 17 37 18

16:47:53.4

81

79

55 5*

45

58

10 50

270

180

315

122

0

315

275

399

312

41

308 13 35 40

81 30

22 30

70

71

21

26

85 30

55 17

II

90

52 42

Paint

6.5

5

28 31 30 6
3 0 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 2.—Processed optical observations of Satellites 1957 a2 and! a3 (concluded)

a2

o2?

o2?

o2

o2

<x2

o2

a2

OBS.

NO.

00129

00132

00143

00138

OOI39

00140

00147

00148

STATION

Los Alamos

Sacramento A

Amarlllo AFB

Sac Peak

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Skalnate Pleso

Skalnate Pleso

STA.

NO.

0043

0007

3010

2043

9001

9001

2711

2711

n.T.

November

01:25:01

03:05:05.6

November

00:53:06.6

November

01:14:59

01:14:13

01:14:53

16:16:18

16:17:38

h

26

21

21

27

29

1Q

18

19

10

6

a

m 8

, 1957

14

15 28

, 1957

', 1957

09

11 48

23 00

04 18

10

-32

-17

66

49

10 -

48

25 12

36

48

20

08

MAO.

265
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta

307

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

November 4, 1957

00002 Quito, B

00011 Mltaka

00012 Klryu

00178 Perth

00179 Perth

00497 Canberra

004^8 Canberra

00499 Canberra

00001

00003

00004

00005

00010

00013

)00l4

00017

J0018

00019

00020

00021

00022

00023

00024

00025

00026

00027

OOO28

00029

00030

00031

OOO32

00033

OOO34

00035

00037

OOO38

00039

00040

00041

00042

00043

00044

00045

00061

00102

00103

00; 04

00105

00106

00107

00161

00169

00500

00501

00502

00503

00504

00505

00506

Navy

Vienna

Vienna

Mt. Vaca

Los Altos

Navy

Quito, B

Mltaka

Kurume Machl

Kurume Machl

Suwa

Kanaya Machl

Ichlnomlya

Yokkalchl

Shizuoka

Nagoya

Nagoya

Sendal

Sendal

Sendal

Sendal

Sendal

Fukuoka I

Manazuru

Manazuru

Tohoku

Hofu

Klryu

Chunlchi

Kumamoto

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Sendal

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Bratislava

Mt. Stromlo

Stromlo

Stromlo

Stromlo

Stromlo

Stromlo

Mt.

Mt.

Mt.

Mt.

Mt.

Mt. Stromlo

000^,7 China L^ke '

00116 Perth

00114 Perth

00117 Perth

00115 Perth

00006 Lemont, 111.

00008 Bryn Athyn, Pa.

00009 St. Paul, Minn.

5801

0229

0223

0601

0601

7000

7000

7000

8010

2700

2700

8011

0005

8012

5801

0229

0227

0227

0248

0220

0215

0258

0247

0236

0236

0246

0246

0246

0246

0246

0205

0228

0228

0252

0213

0223

0204

0225

0229

0229

0229

0229

0229

0246

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

2701

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

8013

0601

0601

0601

0601

0022

0055

0035

yy

20:00:11

19:58:15

19:44:01

19:44:31

17:56:48.5

17:56:55-5

17:59:03.5

10 50

13 12

3 56

4 47

5 35

12

11

-X3

21

30

36

06

November 5, 1957

05:04:38

04:41:09.6

04:42:05.8

13:l6:59+l 8 12 39 - 1

11 20 -20

13:

09:

0 9 :

ii1

4 2 :

20:10:

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

2 0 :

0 9 :

1 1 :

1 1 :

:10:

:10:

:10:

:10:

:11:

:10:

20ll0:

2 0 :

2 0:

21

2 0:

20

20

2 0

ill :

: 12

!13

:13

: 1 0

:11

:11

20:13

20:11

2 0

2 0

: 1 0

: 1 0

20:11

20:10

2 0

2 0

2 0

20

20.

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

04

16

16

16

18

18

18

18

: 1 0

: 1 0

:11

i l l

•11

:50

:50

:51

:53

: 5 4

:55

•41

:22

:23

:24

:07

:09

: 1 0

: 1 0

40

M

49

04

42

19

23

37

05

48

00

22.4

29.0

35

09.9

32

11 32

07 55

10 32 00

11 55

11 30

11 32

10 04

10 03

13 10

9 10

13 40

08 24

11 35

13 42

07 17

07 27

08 15

09 12

10 02

08 28

?°

49

30

33.5

02.6

36

56.8

20.6

21.6

19.6

8:1

17.5

30.3

November 6,

14 01 07

09 06

09 08

09 21

03 13

03 56

04 07

04 18

00

71

- 4

3

22

58

37

53

20

-18

-13

16

27

41

0

11

-43

-25

- 9

- 9

12

18

21

00

1957

13:27:18.05

20:04:11

20:02:16

20:05:16

20:02:28

11:46:18

10:01:45

11:45:59

160

25

25

19

25

20

0 6

0 2

55

2

2

2

2 00

121

96

1 7 0

90

90

45

135

189

42

38

34

90

87

30

06

0 0

00

0 0

00

30

48

0 0

36

00

18

25

16

12

45

7 0

74

66

46

45

31

19

9

19

23

42

54

18

0 0

0 0

42

12

24

30

30

30

1

1 to 5

Brieht

1

4

-l

02

1

2

0

T

X

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

0

1

2

1

0

3

00 30

12

30

18

0 0

36

s

237

239

2 7 0

330

347

352

0 6

2 70

303

267

321

269

0

4 0

01

32

19

8

56

10

23

12

40

13

• 3 7

• 3 9

• 5 1

• 4 6

• 3 3

• 27

• 0 7

34

• 2 9

•29

•23

•30

32

29

11

28

17

39

26

35

08

57

48

15

1.1

14 10

12 02

19

16 30
308 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00015

00046

00047

00048

00049

00051

00054

OOO55

OOO56

OOO58

OOO59

00060

00062

00063

00064

0006 5

00066

OOO67

00068

OOO69

00070

00071

00072

00073

OOO74

00075

OOO76

OOO77

OOO78

00079

00080

OOO81

OOO82

OOO83

00084

OOO85

00086

OOO87

00088

OOO89

00090

00091

OOO92

OOO93

00094

OOO95

OOO96

00097

OOO98

00100

00108

00109

00110

00111

00112

00113

00125

00126

00127

OOI28

00129

00130

00131

00132

00133

00134

00135

00150

00151

00152

00153

STATION

Yerkes

Kagoshima

Kumamoto

Kochi

Kanaya Machi

Chunichi

Yerkes

Ondrejov

Princeton

Sydney Obs.

Sydney

Sydney

Musashino

Musashino

Kurume Machi

Nilgata

Nilgata

Kanaya Machi

Kanaya Machi

Inchinomiya

Hashimoto

Hashimoto

Yokkaichl

Kashiwabara

Asahigawa

Shizuoka

Isahaya

Nagoya

Sendal

Nagasaki I

Manazuru

Manazuru

Tokushima

Mlzukaido

Puchu

Oita

Oita

Kure

Saga

Osaka-Yomiurl

Kiryu

Kanagawa

Akita

Honjo

Otaru

Kyoto

Osaka

Sapporo

Sapporo

Sacramento A

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

St. Louis

Whlttier

Whlttier

Whittier

Santa Barbara

Los Altos

Los Altos

Milwaukee A

Milwaukee A

Milwaukee A

Milwaukee A

Lick

Lick

Lick

Lick

STA.

NO.

2042

0218

0225

0264

0220

0204

2042

2702

2025

2601

0602

0602

0233

0233

0227

O238

0238

0220

0220

0215

0209

0209

0258

0222

0201

0247

0217

0236

0246

0235

0228

0228

0253

0231

0214

0239

0239

0226

0244

0240

0223

0219

0200

0212

0243

0259

0240

0245

0245

0007

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

0080

0012

0012

0012

0009

0005

0005

0074

0074

0074

0074

2005

2005

2005

2005

U.T.

November

11:46:19.0

20:21:36

20:21:37

20:22:28

20:33:27

20:33:52

11:46:19.0

04:53:44,7

10:01:50

16:37:53.4

16:34:36.5

16:36:25

20:22:04,7

20:22:25.4

20:21:37.9

20:22:16

20:22:40

20:21:26

20:22:07

20:21:31

20:22:17

20:21:24

20:23:39

20:22:28

20:24:17

20:21:33

20:20:52

20:22:47

20:22:37

20:22:36

20:22:36

20:22:44

20:21:52

20:22:16

20:22:06

20:21:24

20:22:03

20:21:36

20:16:46

20:20:44

20:23:30

20:21:58

20:23:06

20:21:50

20:22:45

20:22:18

20:23:16

20:24:49

20:22:48

13:28:21.8

18:17:47.3

18:18:02

18:18:25.5

18:20:34.6

18:20:52

20:01:16

11:44:38

13:26:54

13:27:26

13:28:13

13:28:13

13:27:33

13:28:20

11:46:58.5

11:47:24

11:48:09

11:49:25

13:28:02.23

13:28:04.55

13:28:06.71

13:28:09.98

h

6,

06

12

12

16

06

14

08

07

08

05

20

04

20

04

23

05

04

11

03

13

11

11

13

20

20

04

04

06

22

06

05

12

4

4

3

23

10

13

5

18

18

12

12

12

12

a

m s °

1957 (cont'd.

12

40

44

13

15

26

07

30

14

30

13

32

48

27

00

02

10

48

50

10

10

50

42

38

14

18

07

22

03

53

36

52

17

22

05

05

44

43

57

04

06

13

27

39

58

11

60

50

63

27 10

19

24

-30

-09

46

86

1185

45

79

44

25

22

29

47

65

56

48

88

78

50

14

-20

88

44

-05

39 41

32

20

48

74

15

47

62

54

47

44

15.70 46

17.15 48

54.88 48

09.44 50

6

)

lo

00

44

12

12

30

08

42

12

48

18

20

20

30

20

40

5§ 46.6

08 42.5

42 04.3

02 55.6

355

356

302

294

314

270

270

300

00

00

333

337

00

316

43

40

270

180

109

103

96

71

69

253

0

z

00

36

36

48

54

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

36

00

02

27

45

53

29

20

h

8 00

8 00

25 42

26 54

27 00

22 42

35 42

39 42

21

20 00

22 48

21 18

19

24 30

31 48

24 00

45 00

32 12

•32 59

•31 12

•29 37

•15 54

•14 21

•25 50

31 30

MAQ.

0

1

0

0

2

0 to

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

2

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

-2

0

1

0 to 5
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 30 9

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAQ.

00154 Lick

00162 Armagh

OOI65 Armagh

00167 Dunsink

00170 Bratislava

00016

00101

00118

00119

00120

00121

00122

00123

00124

00155

OOI56

00157

00163

00166

00181

00182

OOI83

00184

OO185

00186

OOI87

OO5O7

OO5O8

00509

OOI36

00137

OOI38

00139

00140

00141

00142

00143

00144

001*5

00146

00147

00148

00173

00174

00175

OOI76

00177

Dahlgren

New Haven A

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Naval Obs.

Salisbury

Salisbury

Salisbury

Armagh

Armagh

State College

N.Y.C.

Baltimore

Bryn Athyn

Harrlsburg

Milton

Mlllbrook

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Sydney

Sydney

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

Perth

200 5

2651

2651

2652

2701

6008

OO87

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

2011

3602

3602

3602

2651

2651

0060

0046

0088

OO55

OO57

6OO3

0045

2600

2600

2600

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

0602

0602

0601

0601

0601

0601

0601

November 6, 1957 (cont'd.}

13:28:13.10 13 15 38.43 51 01 43.0

06:37:07.2

06:38:20.4

06:37:37

04:51:54.8

14 32 19 30

8 37 49 -12 19 18

November 7, 1957

10:11:53.2

10:11:31.4

18:25:08

18:26:46.8

l8:28:Oii

18:29:

20:10:

20:11:

10:11:

16:43:

16:43:

16:44:

06:47:

06:48:

10:11:

10:14:

10:11:

10:08:

10:11:

10:13

10:12;

16:42

16:43

16:46

26.5

48.5

20.5

26

33.1

49.1

11.05

50.7

08.9

20

43

11

16

12.5

31

11

55.5

54.5

5O*.O

10 09 33

8 36

8 38

8 40

10 08

11 21

8 30

14 31

12 27

4 26

4 46

7 19

21 25 40

-32 30

-27 30

-21

19 42

28

-44

57

29 20

-53 48

-32 48

22 06

November 8, 1957

15:03:04.9

16*: 51 !s4 .2

16:53:07.4

16:53:39.6

16:54:25.3

18:35:04.4

18:36:14.8

18:36:54.8

18:37:32.6

18:37:^6.6

16:54:49

16:55:16

16:51:32

18:33:23

18:34:12.8

18:34:18.8

18:34:40

01 10

1 20

-49

-43 30

November 9, 1957

00149 Sydney Obs,

00158 Salisbury

00159 Sydney

00160 Sydney

00164 Armagh

00168 Harestua

00510 National Univ.

Canberra

2601 16:59:12.6

3602 17:01:37.08

0602 15::*

0602

2651

17:02:<

07:07:." t.3

0 09

4 15 -31

8 42 19

1 58 18 -13

~

351°2

November 13, 1957

2709 05:54:51 21 28 08 70 22 31*

November 23, 1957

7001 10:53:18.6 6 48 -32 24

164 54

297 30

176 29

145 21

99 38

70 34

253 03

258 03

71 48

189 18

90

90

90

180 56 14

165 49 06

163 56 18

131 34 16

112 35 34

06 33 12

241 18 22

249 47 38

255 55 3^

262 22 56

264 57 34

117 45

203 03

201 39

201 26

200 49

304 06

16 24

29 42

51 14 42 15 20 00

•37 22

•50 39

•38 33

•36 27

•15 11

•16 20

19 52

39 06

22

34

25

1 to4

1

4toO

Ito 3

33 19 20

41 17 08

44 25 24

52 21 20

52 05 48

46 33 36

10 48 08

13 34 48

15 42 04

17 06 37

16 25 24

13 00 5 to 3

27 58

11

27 36 - l

460132 O— C
310 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS- VOL. 2

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

31*.

NO. U.T.

00171 Perth 0601 14:21:35.2

h m s

November 24, 1957

November 26, 1957

00564 Johannesburg

December 5, 1957

2401 18:28:39 21 48 -38 00

December 6, 1957

00192

00193

00194

00195

00196

00204

00205

00524

00525

00526

00197

00198

00199

00200

00201

00202

00203

00206

00207

00208

OO565

Sutra

Mlzukaldo

Takada

Suwa

Yamagata

Whlttier

Whlttier

Pezinok

Bratislava

Bratislava

Mitaka

Toyohashi

Shizuoka

Mlzukaldo

Mitaka

Mitaka

Mizukaido

Vhittier

Whlttier

Whittier

Johannesburg

0248

0231

0250

0248

0257

0012

0012

7002

2701

2701

0229

0255

0247

0231

0229

0229

0231

0012

0012

0012

2401

20:41:05

20:37:44

20:29:40

20:29:11

20:29:17

13:43:03

13:44:19

05:07:58

05:08:45

05:09:50

20:17:39

20:17:55

20:18:05

20:18:12

20:17:41

20:19:36

20:16:15

13:31:29

13:32:02

13:32:34

17:57:52

17 18

December 7

17 40

18 12

17 42

17 12

16 37

.0 03 46

.1 9 31

.8 13 26

December

18 35

17 50

17 55

17 23

17 08

16 48

16 23

37

, 1957

40

52

52

33

20

07 70

12 81

26 50

8, 1957

58

33

51

52

37

31

21

30

55 30

35 30

54 42

18

24

48

155 32

00172

00491

00180

00511

00512

OO513

00188

00492

00493

00514

OO515

OOI89

00190

00191

00284

00285

00286

00287

00288

College, tu.aska

College, Alaska

College, Alaska

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stromlo

College, Alaska

College, Alaska

College, Alaska

Mt. Stromlo

Mt. Stronlo

Woomera

Woomera

College, Alaska

Utrecht, B

Hllversum

Hllversum

Hllversum

Hllversum

Steenwljk

6450

6450

6450

2600

2600

2600

6450

6450

6450

2600

2600

3601

3601

6450

8002

8OO3

8003

8OO3

8003

8004

16:34:50

16:35:59

16:27:30

10:45:21.1

10:43:47.5

12:27:44.0

16:22:34

16:22:10

16:28:46

10:39:10.0

10:39:47.0

12:15:38.9

12:17:06

14 05 31 19

November

5

5

22 a31

November

9

13

5

5

Noven

21

05

09

07

iber

December 3

15:56:30

05:44:49

05:44:14

05:44:54

15

21

17

48

20

52

December 4,

05:34:03

05:35:23

05:37:59

0

19

15

04

20

44

28, 1957

- 9

-34

-11

29, 1957

33

11

-35

-22

30, 1957

, 1957

25

64

52

1957

57

66

26

05 57

12

54

24

18

42

18

12

30

32

36

36

30

18

180

180

180

220 53 48

237 .36 00

180

h MAO.

1 »

45 26 1.5

67

58

52

31 31 04

51 30 24

31 54

61 54

10

299 18

18

21

11

37 30
OBS.

NO.

00209

00210

00211

00212

00213

00215

00216

00217

00218

00219

00220

00221

00527

OO528

00529

00530

OO566

00567

00222

00223

00224

00225

00226

00227

00228

00229

00241

00242

00243

00244

00245

00246

00249

00517

OO518

00531

00230

00231

00232

00233

00234

00235

00236

00237

00238

00239

00240

00247

00248

00258

00259

00267

00268

00269

00250

00251

00252

00253

00254

00255

OO256

00257

00260

STATION

Whittler

Whittier

Whittler

Sacramento

Sacramento

Mitaka

Suwa

Shizuoka

Mizukaido

Mitaka

Mizukaido

Musashino

Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava

Bratislava

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

Los Angeles

Oakland

TUBS on

Los Alamos

Albuquerque

Whlttier

Whlttitr

Portland

Suwa

Sapporo

Mitaka

Sendal

Kiryu

Mizukaido

Sacramento

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pezi<nok

Idaho Falls

Denver

Albuquerque

Tucson

Tucson

St. Paul

Milwaukee

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Whittier

Los Alamos

Mitaka

Mizukaido

Sapporo

Manazuru

Hlgashlmatauyaa

Harrisonburg

Idaho Falls

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Los Alamos

Yerkes

Univ. of 111.

Tucson

STA.

NO.

0012

0012

0012

0007

0007

0229

0248

0247

0231

0229

0231

0233

2701

2701

2701

2701

2401

2401

0100

0006

0003

0042

0041

0012

001 £

0076

0248

0245

0229

0246

0223

0231

OOO7

2705

2705

7002

0019

0013

0041

0003

0003

0035

0074

0099

OO99

0099

0099

0012

0042

0229

0231

024s

0228

ut 0210

0072

0019

0041

0041

0041

0042

2042

2014

0003

U.T.

13:18:

13:19:

13:21:

13:19:

13:21:

20:09:

2O:05:

20:05:

20:07:

20:06:

20:06:

20:06:

04:45:

04:45:

04:49:

04:50:

ivk

13:09:

13:06:

13:06;

13:07:

13:06:

13:06;

13:08:

15:47:

19:56

19:52;

19:54

19:53

19:54

19:53

13:05

04:34

06:20

04:35

12:52

12:57

12:55

12:53

12:55

12:52

11:14

li:O9

11:1 1

11:13

11:15

12:52

h

a

m s e

December 9, 1957

2 1

2 0

1 2

22.4

14.1

0 0

27

56

31

15

25

20.2

06.7

51.4

22.8

53.8

56.5

17

17

16

16

16

15

15

18

17

16

3

6

13

13

23

*

0 9

10 25.8

43 12

53

03

30

40

47 30

54 30

33 35

49 19

36

December 10,

:48

:44.6

: 0 0

= 57

:47

= 45

:15

:13

:17.3

: 1 2

:26

:45

•46.2

: 0 0

:29

:36.2

15

19

14

15

16

15

15

15

16

"40

48

2 0

0 0

38

57

42

32

21 42

12 44 20

December 11,

:23

: 0 0

:38

:39

:13

:07

:47

:48.4

:49.6

:59.4

:23.8

:11

12:S4:01

19:41:34

19:39

19:39

19:40

19:41

10:58

12:38

12:38

12:40

12:43

12:40

10:56

10:59

12-LO

:54

:02.4

:38

:31.4

14

7

14

17

14

15

15

16

15

38

39 30

16

27

05

30

04 48

14

42 30

December 12,

:12

:27

:42.5

:08p. 5

:33

:03

:18

:27.7

:49

11

14

13

14

1 0

1 0

1 0

50

30

51

39

17

• 23

6

16

55

50

35

65

75

- 0

- 1 2

45

1957

6

44

38

72

39

22

13

55

33

19

1957

28

16

-14

52

S

48

40

25

1957

80

36

- 1 0

49

38

6

1

48

1 2

18

30

13

22

0 2

19

45

18

30

2 0

30

18

42

18

40

21

25

30

30

0 2

42

1 2

30

"

48

S0 0

0 0

48

24

*

43

45

45

348

2 0

2 7 0

57

51

70

45

S

9

181

90

149

38

70

297

228

188

178

45

90

90

1 1 1

61

Z

1 "

03

36

45

13

30

30

28

30

*

20

19

22

13

25

34

22

29

23

22

29

43

48

36

29

31

32

1134

24

24

74

£ u 64

23

32

h

1

50

30

42

42

0 6

30

30

15

03

30

30

30

30

30

MAO.
312 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

OBS.

NO.

00261

00262

00263

00264

00265

00266

00^/^

00271

00272

OO28I

00282

00336

00337

OO338

00273

00274

00275

00276

00277

OO278

00279

OO28O

OO289

00290

00291

00292

00293

OO29J1

OO3O3

00304

OO3O5

OO3O8

00339

00340

00341

00342

OO343

00344

OO345

00346

OO347

OO348

00519

00520

00521

00522

OO523

00299

OO3OO

00301

00302

00306

00307

00311

00312

OO313

00314

OO315

00316

OO317

OO318

00319

00320

OO32I

STATION

Whlttler

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Los Angeles

Blossom Point

Sacramento

Sacramento

Washington

Washington

Wright-Patterson

AFB

Kagoahlma

Konko

Akron-Canton

Tucson

St. Paul

State College

Bryn Athyn

Schenectady

Idaho Palls

Denver

Albuquerque

Amarlllo

Wichita

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Organ Pass (ss)

Organ Pass (S3)

Organ Pass (S3)

Tulsa

Mltaka

Suva

Yokkalchl

Kanaymachl

Kochl

Hlgashlmatsuyama

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mlzukaldo

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

BN

BN

STA.

NO.

0012

OO74

0074

0074

0074

0100

8014

0007

0007

6001

6001

3009

0218

0224

0053

OOO3

0035

0060

OO55

OOol

0019

0013

0041

0064

0028

0099

0099

0099

5001

5001

5001

0054

0229

0248

0258

0220

0264

0210

0229

0229

0229

0231

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

9001

9001

5001

5001

Warner and Swasey 2031

Warner and Swasej

Lawton

Albuquerque

Idaho Palls

St. Paul

Amarlllo

Milwaukee

Harrisonburg

Pittsburgh

Washington

W. Palm Beach

Dayton

2031

0110

0041

0019

0035

0064

OO74

0072

0059

0014

0016

0082

U.T.

December

12:39:23

10:56:08.3

10:59:14.1

11:01:53.9

12:38:53

12:45:49

10:57:26.25

12:37:43.9

14:22:07.6

10:55:53

10:59:57

10:56:54

21:11:04

21:10:18

h

12

16

14

14

14

07

15

10

16

122

12

a

m S

, 1957

10

23

02

06

831

16 06

15 42

49

46

40

December 13,

10:41:25

12:26:26

12:23:41

10:42:39

10:42:20

10:43:07

12:22:49

12:27:00

12:24:43

12:26:15

12:25:28.5

10:41:42.8

10:43:19.0

10:44:48

12:25:46.8

12:26:01.2

12:26:29.4

12:29:50

19:12:00

20:56:02

20:55:59

20:58:25

20:56:18.4

20:54:15.0

20:53:52

20:55:39

20:58:38

20:56:24

OS:38:05

05:40:07

05:40:39

05:41:04

05:41:31

11

7

10

9

10

13

14

9

14

14

14

12

15

9

10

12

11

7

10

39 45

59

15

06

24

03 13

26 18

32

27

22 30

12

23

47

08

09

34

31 24

December 14,

12:09:35.74

12:10:35.73

12:10:49.2

12:11:00.6

10:26:23.

10:27:38

12:13:31

12:09:48.5

12:11:02

12:08:21.5

12:10:41

12:12:38.5

10:27:57

10:26:58

10:29:42

10:27:41

10:27:33

14

14

14

14

11

12

13

13

7

9

11

44 30

14 0

15

14

32

26

50

25

37

57

50

6

• 1 "

(cont'd.)

37 54

47

-05 10

-20 55

26

26 24

57 30

40 02 24

26 40 48

66 48

- 0 30

40

1957

73

14

37 30

50

13 06

55

64 35

33 45

50 42

46 12

38 30

-22 20

37 30

8 00

14

-18 00

15 12

32 00

1957

64 50

44 03

39 12

35 54

54 48

21 18

50

-10

13 57

-21 50

48

60

270

72

153

90

282

227

193

293

249

188

225

169

157

157

155

153

157

90

90

145

12

90

Z

18

30

54

36

54

50

30

15

26

38

54

79

32

36

76

39

47

37

830

928

24

21

18

40

76

72

44

22

50

h

24

18

36

45

30

30

30

45

48

30

MAG.
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA 31 3

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

MAG.

OBS.

NO.

00322

00324

00333

00334

00335

00349

00350

00351

00352

00353

00354

00355

OO356

00295

00296

00297

OO298

00325

00326

00327

00328

00329

00330

00331

00332

OO357

OO358

00359

OO36O

00361

00362

OO363

00364

OO365

OO366

OO367

OO368

OO369

OO37O

00379

00430

00431

OO554

OO555

OO556

00557

00371

OO372

00373

OO374

00375

OO376

OO377

OO378

OO388

OO389

OO39O

OO391

OO392

OO393

OO394

00395

OO396

00397

OO398

00399

STATION

Lemont

Tulsa

Univ. of 111*"^

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Toyohasnl

Suwa

Yokkaichi

Kanaya Machi

Chunlchl

Manazuru

Kochl

K.onko

Organ Pass (BN)

Organ Pa3S (BN)

Sac Peak (SS)

Organ Pass (SS)

Bryn Athyn

Fort Belvolr

W. Palm Beach

Law ton

Amarillo

Dayton

Cambridge

Cambridge

Mltaka

Yokkaichi

Kashiwabara

Kanayamachl

Manazuru

Kochl

Mlzukaldo

Mitaka

Musashlno

Hlmeji

Suwa

Suwa

Suwa

Miyazaki

Blossom Point

Welcome

Welcome

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Fort Worth

St. Paul

Tucson

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Sacramento

Organ Pass

Sac Peak

Suwa

Suwa

Suva

Kochl

Mltaka

Yokkaichi

Kashiwabara

Takada

Kanagawa

Manazuru

Manazuru

Mizukaido

STA.

NO.

0022

0054

2014

6001

6001

0255

0248

0258

0220

0204

0228

0264

0224

9001

9001

2043

5001

0055

OO77

0016

0110

0064

0082

0099

0099

0229

0250

0222

0220

0228

0264

0231

0229

0233

0262

0248

0248

0248

0230

8001

6010

6010

0229

0229

0229

0229

OO69

0035

OOO3

0074

0074

0007

9001

2043

0248

0248

0248

0264

0229

0258

0222

0250

0219

0228

0228

0231

U.T.

December

10:26:54

12:10:54

12:09:30.9

10:26:46

10:28:36

20:40:04

20:36:44

20:40:19

20:43:05

20:40:20

20:39:48

20:42:46

20:39:28

a

h m s

14, 1957

14 02

9 45

8 58

11 42

10 00

5 19

10 04

12 08

10 01

8 50

12 27

December 15,

11:53:05.32

11:54:45.32

11:53:05.4

11:53:05.4

10:12:02

10:11:08

10:16:14

11:56:23

11:54:51.5

10:11:29

10:12:13.8

10:12:54.2

18:42:34.9

20:23:56

20:23:18

20:23:50

20:24:04

20:27:11

20:22:21

20:24:17.5

20:22:47.7

20:27:24

20:21:01

20:22:43

20:27:3?

20:25:34

10:12:27.8

10:10:34.5

10:11:33

20:23:37.9

20:24:01.0

20:25:29.4

20:25:54.4

15 01

l4 03

14 47

14 56

10 40

14 40

10 08

9 51

10 26

9 27

12 36

7 12

5 57

8 22

11 37

12 56

11 46

9 05

11 05

9 00

9 21

10 28

10 40

30

54

36

12

12

December 16,

11:38:31

11:39:33

13:19:50

11:36:55.8

11:41:49.0

13:20:38.8

11:42:37.46

11:36:52.8

20:05:16

20:07:15

20:08:37

20:07:48

18:23:21.8

20:06:51

20:06:20

20jl0:10

20:06;33

20:05:51

2O:O8t21

20:06:26

10 47

9 22

7 56

11 40

10 48

13 46

13 56

8 05

10 04

10 57

11 25

14 42

10 08

9 52

10 48

9 58

8 14

10 34

7 41

3

(cont'

*

d

11

67

15

9

46

13

-21

11

19

-16

1957

69

36

71

69

21

10

13

27

20

8

-24

28

45

2a

-36

- 3

24

67

45

12

6

-13

-17

1957

34

-10

2

-33

-12

56

31

- 0

-18

11

21

13

27

-18

2§8

-11

28

6

1 "

. )

30

24

12

40

50

11

30

57

U

37

26

30

27

42

30

0

275

270

0

94

157

95

90

206

192

221

270

161

278

Z

53

30

00

30

18

48

•25

81

76

30

53

69

46

47

42

48

47

25

h

1

05

30

30

30

54

42
314 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 3.— Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (•.- tnued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T . MAG.

00400 Hlgashlmatsuyama 0210

00401 Yamagata 0257

00402 Mltaka 0229

00432 Welcome 6010

00433 Welcome 6Oio

December 16, 1957 (cont'd.)

20:06:12 8 39 16

20:08:20 10 23 -20

18:23:49

09:54:42.25 11 10 45

09:56:50.5 12 19 - 0 18

December 17, 1957

00380

00381

OO382

OO383

00384

OO385

OO386

OO387

00403

00404

00413

00414

00415

00416

OO558

00559

00405

00406

00407

00408

00409

00410

00411

00412

00420

00421

'00422

00423

00424

Biloxl

New Orleans

New Orleans

Edinburgh, Tex.

Fort Worth

Port Worth

Fort Worth

Milwaukee

Cambridge

Cambridge

Washington

Washington

Washington

Washington

Kochl

Mlyazakl

Bllojtl

W. Palm Beach

W. Palm Beach

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Honolulu

Yokkaichi

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Suwa

00417 W. Palm Beach

00418 Edlnburg, Tex.

00419 Edlnburg, Tex.

00425

00426

00427

00428

00429

! 00440

00441

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

Organ Pass

W. Plain Beach

Greensboro

W Palm Beach

00442 Mlyazakl

00437

OO438

00439

OO443

00444

00445

00452

00 56O

OO56I

OO562

00563

0090

0031

0030

0066

OO69

0069

0069

0074

0099

0099

6001

6001

6001

6001

0264

0230

0090

0016

0016

OO99

OO99

OO99

0099

0114

0258

0229

0229

0229

0248

11:21

11:21

11:21

11:22

11:20:

11:20;

11:21;

11:20

09:37:

09:38:

09:39:

09:43:

11:20:

11:25:

19:52:

19:50:

11:03:

09:23:

11:04:

09:20:

09:21:

09:22:

09:23:

16:11:

19:31:

19:31:

19:32:

19:34:

19:31:

^6

58.4

36.8

10

25

25

20

25

42

52

27.0

30.0

03.6

07

14

25

37

29

10 59

11 05

11 08

8 29

12 13

12 52

7 16

9 40

12 31

12 45

8 07

10 35

10 23

36 30

32 00

29

-11

- 0 18

-28 48

6 00

-35

-23

-01

14 06

9

- 4

December 19, 1957

0016 09:04:19

0066 10:45:53.5

0066 12:27:48

5001

5001

5001

5001

0016

0049

0016

12:07:48

12:08:22

12:09:08

12:10:00

10:33:38

23:26:30

22:26:18

0230 09:35:46

December 20, 1957

8 17

8 44

9 08

9 39

December 21, 1957

20 40 15

December 22, 1957

Greensboro

Cambridge

Cambridge

Ichlnomlya

Hiroshima

Fuchu

Washington, D.C.

Tadotsu

Mlyazakl

Mlyazakl

Kagoshlma

0049

OO99

0099

0215

0211

0214

6001

0249

0230

0230

0218

22:46:03

22:45:31.2

22:46:18.2

09:16:35

09:16:39

09:15:27

22:46:15

09:15:46

09:13:53

09:14:26

09:14:20

4 35

19 30

00 09

21 20

3 30

20 52

21 30

22 01

22 30

06

16

59

41

•4

-17

21

12

81 30

270

270

270

45

?oi 30

16k

270

90

270

176

174

169

167

190 42

177 30

169

90

90

270

-07

- 1 5

- 24

-29

48

48

12

42

180

270

270

190

179

18 42

55

56

61 30

61 30

h8

41

58

26

34

37

31

21 30

19 30

47 18

34 24

21

48 30

19 45

14

P80

11 30

18 30
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA 315

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T . MAO.

December 23, 1957

00434

00435

00436

00448

00449

00450

00451

00453

00454

00455

00456

00457

00458

00459

00460

00461

00462

00463

00516

00446

00447

00464

00465

00495

00496

OO532

00533

OO534

00535

OO536

00537

OO538

00539

00540

00541

00542

OO543

00544

OO545

00546

OO547

00548

00549

Lawton

Oakland

Sacramento

Fort Worth

Bryn Athyn

Cambridge

Cambridge

Suwa

Shizuoka

Manazuru

Osaka-Yomlurl

Kochl

Mttaka

Musashino

Klryu

Mlzukaldo

Hlmejl

Cambridge

Walnut Creek

0110

0006

85OO

8503

0055

0099

OO99

0248

0247

0226

0241

0264

0229

0233

0223

0231

0262

0099

0011

00:26:29

02:08:57.5

02:08:06.3

00:27:05

22:2U«15

22:24:09.9

22:24:21.4

08:53:50

08:53:07

08:53:42

08:53:49

08:54:06

08:52:59

08:53:24

08:53:45

08:53:30

08:53:40

22:24:24.8

02:08:40

Lawton

Milwaukee

Univ. of 111., B

Sacramento

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Mitaka

Mltaka

Mitaka

Mitaka

Musashino

Nagoya

Suwa

Suwa

Yokkalchl

Kashiwabara

Kiryu

Nagano

Manazuru

Tokushlma

Kochl

Mlzukaldo

Hlgashimatsuyama

Hlmejl

0110

0074

2046

85OI

0074

0074

0229

0229

0229

0229

0233

0236

0248

0248

0258

0222

0223

O23&

0228

0253

0264

0231

0210

0262

00466 Mitaka

00467 Suwa

00468 Sapporo

0229

0248

0245

85OI

85OI

00550 Asahlkawa 0201

00551 Shizuoka 0247

00552 Mlzukaldo 0231

00553 Hlgashimatsuyama 0210

00477

00476

Sacramento

Sacramento

00469

00470

00471

00474

00475

00476

OO568

OO569

OO57O

Sapporo

Sapporo

Asahlgawa

Greensboro, B

Chattanooga

Milwaukee, B

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

03 10

22 05 09

17 30

19 36

19 57

19 59

23 59

00 53

23 40

42

-24 55 12

86 30

45

12

37

87

60

-01 24

0245

0245

0201

0197

0062

OI98

2401

2401

2401

December 24, 1957

00:04:

00:05:

23:42:

01:46:

23:42:

23:43:

08:29

08:30

08:31

08:31

08:30

08:30

08:30

08:31

08:30

08:30

08:31

08:30

08:30

08:30

08:31

08:30

08:31

08:30

33

29

i4l'.8

:26

:20.0

:44.3

:14.7

ill-6

:39

:20

:26

= 36

:59

:37

:59

:45

i40

!38 6

>.6

21 15

20 52 06

4 21 07.2

23 45

23 35

21 22

7 28

00 04

6 J.0

11 40

19 30

5 13

12 09

73

78

59

59

85

52

50

81

December 25, 1957

-5:35.

08:06:47

08:08:52

01:22:52.3

01:23:07.3

08:07:34

08:06:35

08:07:00

08:06:17

21

00 S

I

45

46 54

25 48

22 45

23 34

21 39

14

24

27

11 09

19 31 12

-32

35

-13

December 26, 1957

07:44:21

07:44:32

07:44:32

22:51:59

22:56:00+1

22:54:00

01:41:37

01:43:49.2

01:44:05

4 28

5 06

18 10

4 43

13 03

13 55

18

22

36 30

23 00

14 12

- 8 30

201 12

90

142

132

64 06

-11

39

-3S2

30

22

38 24

40

30

229

294

342

0

315

0

06

06

12

0

59

270

64 48

315

80

90

87 48

54 54

16

23 30

25 30

253

270

300

270

11

130

36

48

17

22

28

22

47

25

30

30

30

30

13 30

41 12

33 06

23 36

41 18

60

42 30

51 48

36 30

48 36

79

30

6O+5

30 09 36
316 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL. 2

Table 3.—Proceaaed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T . MAG.

December 27, 1957

00472

00473-

00479

00480

00482

00483

00484

00485

00571

00572

00481

00486

00487

00488

OO576

00489

00490

00494

00573

00574

00577

OO578

00002

00003

00004

00022

00021

00023

00024

Denver

Manhattan, Kan,

Paterson

Bryn Athyn

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Johannesburg

Pretoria

Manhattan, Kan.

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Santiago Obs.

Sapporo

Sapporo

Otaru

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

Santiago Obs.

Santiago Obs.

OO575 Johannesburg

OO579 Santiago Obs.

00001 Armagh

00019 Johannesburg

00032 Santiago Obs.

00033 Santiago Obs.

00020 Johannesburg

00034 Santiago Oba.

00035 Santiago Oba.

Armagh

Armagh

Armagh

Johanne sburg

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

00014 Johannesburg

00015 Johannesburg

00036 Santiago Obs.

00037 Santiago Obs.

0013

0027

0108

0055

0099

0099

0099

0099

2401

0404

0027

0099

0099

0099

2801

0245

0245

0243

2401

2401

2801

2801

2401

2801

2651

2401

2801

2801

2401

2801

2801

2651

2651

2651

2401

2401

2401

2401

2401

2401

2801

2801

00:34:

00:35;

22:20:

22:29

22:29

22:29

22; 29

22:29:

01:19:

01:22:

00

19

10

48

30.4

44.8

46.0

54.2

22.5

33.4

17 00

16 43

11 00

14 0J15 It

II

62

24

-10 18

-30 30

December 28, 1957

00:08:55

22:01:41.8

22:01:50.5

22:01:50.5

07:39:15

16 52

13 58

33

- 9 18

December 29, 1957

08:07:16

08:07:33

17 25

17 1^

24

33

December 30, 1957

07:39:43

01:39:26

01:23:20

08:25:15

08:28:07.5

11 05

14 03

11 16 52.3

13 43 58.7

-18

-57 12

-21 05 39

-52 01 10

December 31, 1957

01:11:14

07:57:40

12 00

12 53 54

-22 30

-34 34 12

January 1, 1958

I8:28i55.1

02:25:37.4

07:29:17

07:30:10

6 37

14 19 36

14 55 25

-53 30

-39 31

-42 56

January 2, 1958

01:52:59.4

06:56:29

08:33:39

7 15 -37 00

13 16 36 -22 51

7 18 17.0 6 19 57

January 3, 1958

17:24:10.6

17:24:51.1

17:25:37.6

01:21:38

01:21:07.4

01:24:36

01:26:27

8 10 30

8 00 36

10 25

17 00

-47 11

-59 48

-80 30

-80

January 4, 1958

00:47:38 8 47 -28 30

January 5, 1958

02:00:42

07:00:08

08:44:07

4 12 -62 30

12 06 18 -50 22

4 23 -63 30

313 45 23

346

351

349

353

15

45

30

15

16

15

15

45

45

15

326

332

327

25

22

23 30

330 23

30y 24 19 12

287 12

325 54

6 26

29 36

35 18

27 53
NO. 10 SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 317

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U. T. MAO.

January 6, 1958

00038 Santiago Obs. 2801 08:06:15 5 50 20 -41 07 00

January 7, 1958

00039

ooo4o

Santiago Obs.

Santiago Obs.

00016 Johannesburg

00017 Johannesburg

00041 Santiago Obs.

00018 Johannesburg

00005

00006

College,Alaska

College, Alaska

00007 College, Alaska

00008 College, Alaska

00009 College, Alaska

00010 College, Alaska

00011 College, Alaska

00012 College, Alaska

2801

2801

2401

2401

2801

2401

6450

6450

6450

6450

6450

6450

6450

6450

05:48:34.8

07:29:11.8

12 08 29.1 23 19 26

6 21 12 -29 5^

January 8, 1958

00:10:36

23:34:51

06:54:32.8

8 48 -50 12

10 25 -67

7 56 34.5 -63 09 41

January 9, 1958

01:15:10.5 4 29 -34 18

January 12, 1958

01:57:36

03:40:12

January 13, 1958

01:15:35

02:58:20

04:40:25

January 14, 1958

02:IS:32

03:58:21

01:31:42

January 16, 1958

00013 College, Alaska 6450 04:13:02

00071 Armagh

00042

OOO55

OOO56

00025

00026

00027

00028

00029

00030

00031

00043

00044

00046

OO516

OO517

OO518

OO519

Sacramento D

College, Alaska

College, Alaska

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Washington, D.C

Washington, D.C

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

January 17, 1958

2651 18:24:43.6

January 18, 1958

8005 02:43:31-2 8 36 37

6450 02:39:04

6450 04:22:00

January 19, 1958

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

6001

6001

85OO

85OO

85OO

2705

2705

2705

2705

23:28:38

23:29:30.2

23:30s49

23:30:44

23:31:06

23:31:04

23:31:22

03:37:50-2

03=37:56.1

01:57:56.6

18:31:43

18:32:40

18:32:53

18:33:10

11 00

10 20

16 55 53.*

16 52 12

10 13 06

52 00

53 08

65 07 48

66

44 12

180

0

180

0

0

0

180

180

180

39 06

0

180

347

5

12 30

12

17 30

January 20, 1958

00045 Sacramento B

00049 Cambridge

00057 College, Alaska

00058 College, Alaska

85OO 02:50:50-2

0099 22:421*9

6450 02:44:17

6450 04i27:33

11 23 60 42

9 36

26 06

29 00

33 24

45

180

180

60

80

90

87

86

84

70

29 57

90

50

09

17 30

23 30

21 30

25

17 48

21 06

21 48

22 18

20

82

31
318 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS VOL. 2

Table 3. Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

WO. STATIOW

STA.

MO. U.T . MAO.

January 21, 1958

00047

00048

00050

00051

OOO52

00053

00054

OOO59

00060

00061

00062

OOO63

00064

OOO65

00066

00067

00068

00069

OOO7O

OOO96

00520

00521

00522

OO523

00524

OO525

OO526

OO527

OO528

OO529

OO53O

00531

OO532

00533

00534

OO535

OO536

OO537

00538

00539

00540

00541

99542

00543

OO544

OO545

OO546

OO547

00548

OO549

OO589

00754

00755

OO756

00757

OO758

00759

OO76O

OO761

OO762

00763

00764

OO765

OO766

OO767

OO768

OO769

00770

©0771

00772

00773

00774

Ft. Belvolr

Washington, D.C.

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Washington, D.C.

Milton

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Sacramento B

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C

Washington, D.C.

College, Alaska

Pic du Midi

Plo du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunalnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

Dunslnk Obs.

0077

8009

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

8006

6003

85OO

85OO

85OO

85OO

85OO

85OO

85OO

6001

6001

6001

6450

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

26.52

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

00:23:04

00:23:35

00:21:12

00:23:02.5

00:23:36

00:23:47

00:23:58

00:23:13

00:23:33

02:01:25.2

02:02:34.0

02:03:30.5

03:41:14.5

03:41:52.0

03:43:09.6

03:43:19.8

00:21:43

00:23:13

00:23:33

OV.36:57

18:31:14

1 is3l8 2I

18:31:48

18:32:00

18:32:14

18:32:24

18:32:34

18:32:49

18:32:58

18:33:09

18:33:2?

18:33:34

18:33:53

18:34:07

18:34:20

18:34:30

18:34:44

18:34:55

18:35:11

18:35:22

18:35:31

18:35:42

18:35:59

18:36:21

18:36:34

18:36:46

18:36:56

18:37:11

18:37:24

18:37?33

18:37:47

18:30:21.9+.

18:30:26.9+.

18:30:31.9+.

18:31:26.9+.

18:31:31.9+.

18:31:36.9+.

18:31:41.9+.

18:31:46.9+.

18:32:01.9+.

18:32:06.9+.

18:32:11.9+.

18:32:16.9+.

18:32:21.9+.

18:32:41.9+.

18:32:46.9+.

18:32:51.9"

18:32:56.9

18:33:01.9

18:33:16.9

18:33:21.9

18:33:26.9

22 57

9 55 24

9 01 56.4

8 33 12

19 26 12

20 02 42.6

00 11 27

1 05 01.2

16 40

15 00

9 30

5 17

1 17

1 17

1 17

1 17

1 18

1 18

1 00

I I

1 4

1 5

1 5

1 5

5

5

5

5

5

5

35 00

36 00

37 00

50 00

52 30

57 00

02 30

12 30

00 00

50 00

40 00

57 30

10 00

23 30

24 30

26 00

27 00

28 00

32 00

32 JO

33 00

0

6 36

328 30

332 30

331 30

329 30

331

0

66 30

48 30

38 49 48

30 01 48

62 26 24

67 43 12

75 *5

74 52 12

65 36

80 00

81 09

180

341 36

342 54

344 06

345 36

347 06

348 24

349 48

352 06

353 24

355 30

357 48

00 54

5 06

8 42

12 48

16 36

21 18

25 24

32 36

36 54

41 06

46 42

54 36

64 06

70 06

74 42

78 18

83 84

87 18

89 42

93 18

53 42 (1950 position

54 54 (1950 position

56 18 (I95O position

74 00 (1950 position

76 06 (1950 position

78 18 (195O position

80 24 195O position

82 42 1950 position

88 42 195P position

87 00 1950 position

84 36 1950 position

81 54 1950 position

79 12 1950 position

68 18 195O position

1950 position

29

33 30

15 30

52

55

31

5 3

62 42

60 00

57 18

49 42

18 i42
OBS.

NO.

00775

00776

00777

00778

00779

OO78O

00781

00782

OO783

00784

OO785

OO786

OO787

OO788

OO789

00790

00791

00792

00793

00072

00073

00074

00075

OOO76

OOO77

OOO78

00079

00080

00081

00082

OOO83

00084

OOO85

0OO86

OOO87

00088

OOO89

OOO90

OOO91

OOO92

OOO93

0009 u

OOO95

OOO97

OOO98

00125

00126

00127

00128

OO138

00139

OOI95

00794

00795

00796

OO797

00099

00100

00101

00102

00103

00104

00105

00106

00107

00108

STATION

Dunaink Obfl.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunsink Oba.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunaink Obs.

Dunaink Oba.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Dun8ink Obs.

Dunaink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Dunaink Obs.

Dunaink Obs,

Dunsink Obs.

Dunaink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

St. Paul

Lawton

Lawton

Lawton

Lawton

Los Alamos

Los Alamos

Oakland

San Angel0

MItaka

Mitaka

Mlzukaldo

Suwa

Mitaka

Mlzukaido

C. Canaveral

C. Canaveral

>C. Canaveral

C. Canaveral

Ct Canaveral

C. Canaveral

C. Canaveral

0. Canaveral

C. Canaveral

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

College, Alaska

College, Alaska

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sendal

Sendai

Musashlno

Dunaink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Dun3ink Obs.

Dunsink Obs.

Sac Peak

Ft. Belvoir

Washington, i

Chicago

Chicago

Aroarlllo

St. Louis

St. Louis

St. Louis

Alamagordo

D C

SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 31 9

Table 3.—Processed optica l observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued;

MAO.

STA.

NO.

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

2652

0035

0110

0110

0110

0110

0043

0043

0006

0105

0229

0229

0231

0248

0229

0231

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

6450

6450

85OI

8501

85OI

8501

0246

0246

0233

2652

2652

2652

2652

2O43

OO77

0014

0085

0085

0064

0080

0080

0080

0102

U.T.

January

18:33:31.9

18:33:36.9

18:33:56.9

18:34:01.9

18:34:06.9

18:34:11.9

18:34:16.9

18:34:31.9

18:34:36.9

18:34:41.9

18:34:46.9

18:34:51.9

18:35:06.9

18:35:26.9

18:35:36.9

18:35:56.9

20:13:59.9

20:14:04.9

20:14:09.9

January

01:13:42

01:12:25

01:13:39

01:14:27

01:15:17

02:54:27

02:54:44

02:54:37

01:36:15

09:30:37

11:11:01

11:10:23

09:32:22

09:28:43.6

09:31:22

01:14:45

01:14:50

01:14:55

01:15:00

01:15:05

01:15:10

01:15:15

01:15:20

01:15:25

02:45:42

04:29:27

02:51:10.7

02:53:02.7

04:33:29.9

04:34:47.0

09:29:09

09:31:40

09:29:48

19:23:15.0

19:23:20.0

19:23:25.0

19:23:30.0

January

02:06:01.2

00:24:20

00:21:27

00:22:53.5

00:23:05.0

02:05:21

00:21:28

00:22:36.5

02:04:24

02:05-01

h

21,

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

23

23

23

22,

4

00

00

7

8

23

22

7

13

8

23

00

11

1

1

1

1

23,

6

6

6

10

8

1

6

a

m s

1958

33 30

34 00

37 00

37 30

37 30

38 00

38 30

39 30

40 00

40 30

41 00

41 30

42 30

43 30

nk 30

46 00

47 00

53 00

58 30

1958

50

05

43

35

28

05

40

32

34 43

14 12

13 30

21 18

38

01 30

09 30

17 30

25 30

1958

35

46 36

57

21

12

02

41

0

(oont'

42

40

32

30

28

26

25

21

19

18

17

15

12

8

7

3

l4

14

41

59

57

33

61

29

31

31

.8 74

59

27

17

82

23

22

21

19

16

48

45

65

5 2

14

4.1

6

d.)

30

12

12

30

48

54

24

06

42

18

12

54

42

48

00

54

£12

24

27

40 48

58 12

20 24

42

24

12

48

48

06

54

30

18

'•f -

z

a

U42

57

90

5

45

339

339

339

339

339

339

340

340

340

180

180

72

20

0

333

90

18

30

30

24

14

21

31

40

108

17

32

30

30

h

17

23

25

27

25

21

38

19

19

20

21

21

22

1124

62

23

45

31

76

23

no

68

I

24

06

42

01

43

20

04

47

31

16

05

37

36

30
320

OBS.

NO.

001OQ

00110

00111

00112

00113

00114

00115

00116

00117

00118

00119

00120

00121

00122

00123

00124

00129

00130

00131

00132

00133

OOI34

00135

OOI36

OOI37

00140

00141

00142

00143

00144

00145

00146

00147

00148

00149

00150

00151

00152

00153

00154

00155

OOI56

OOI57

OOI58

00159

00160

00161

00162

OOI63

00164

OOI65

00166

00167

00168

00177

OOI78

OOI79

00180

00181

00182

OOI83

00184

OOI85

00186

OOI87

OOI88

60189

00190

00191

00192

00193

00194

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS T O

Table 3 Processed optical observations

STATION

Wichita

Los Alamos

Los Alamos

Los Alamos

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Albuquerque

Tucson

Tucson

Tucson

Tucson

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D. C

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Higaahimatsuyama

Higashimatsuyama

Puchu

Puchu

Kanaya Machi

Manazuru

Mitaka

Mitaka

Mitaka

Osaka-Yomiurl

Osaka-Yomluri

Yokkaichi

Mitaka

Mitaka

Mitaka

Musashlno

Sendai

Sendai

Sendai

Sendai

Shizuoka

Ik cm a

Konko

Konko

Manazuru

Manazuru

Manazuru

Mlyazaki

Mlyazaki

Suwa

Suwa

Suwa

Suwa

Suwa

Suwa

Konko

Mitaka

Mitaka

Mitaka

STA.

NO.

0028

0043

0043

0043

0074

0074

0074

OO74

0041

0003

0O03

0003

0003

0041

0041

0041

85OI

85OI

85OI

85OI

85OI

85OI

85OI

85OI

85OI

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

0210

0210

0214

0214

0220

0228

0229

0229

O229

0241

0241

0258

0229

0229

0229

0233

0246

0246

0246

0246

0247

0216

0224

0224

0228

0228

0228

0230

0230

0248

0248

0248

0248

0248

0248

0224

0229

0229

0229

U.T.

January 23,

02:06:53

02:04:19

02:05:19

02:06:12

00:18:52

00:22:09.1

02:06:55.8

02:04:37.8

02:03:36

02:31:00

04:08:00

04:14:00

04:13:00

02:02:57

02:04:29

02:05:53

02:00:15.3

02:00:59.9

02:01:51.3

02:04:04.2

02:05:39.7

03:41:07.4

03:42:44.1

03:42:57.6

03:46:53.6

00:22:47

00:23:42

00:24:22

00:25:12

00:25:57

00:26:3^

00:27:22

00:27:50

08:40:38

10:23:03

10:20:45

10:23:17

10:21:02

08:37:15

10:23:49

12:01:13

12:03:09.8

10:19:59

10:22:09

10:22:41

08:37:21.5

10:18:52.4

10:20:21.6

10:21:02.4

08:37:36.6

08:39:13.6

08:40:19.8

08:42:22.2

08:43:05

10:22:09

10:21:22

10:22:41

10:22:02

10:22:23

10:22:28

10:21:23

10:21:44

08:37:47

10:20:24

10:20:37

10:22:19

10:22:35

10:23:44

10:21:22

10:18:47

10:20:30.9

10:22:12.7

h

1958

6

6

6

16

6

2

1

6

14

6

6

9

9

7

7

7

21

00

1

4

22

1

I

4

4

5

5

7

3

4

5

3

10

4

23

00

2

4

4

4

4

5

3

3

3

6

6

9

1

1

3

I

AST]KOI»±1Y

i of Satellite 1957

a

m s

(cent'd.

22

16

13

50

50

31

00

30

45

40

.31

56 34.2

02 21.6

51 58.2

30 36

16 22.2

47 24

34 07.2

00 18.6

24 21

10

54

19

06

35

54

11

14

49

50

37

33

1110

800

11

28

55

20

14

26

31

13

12

28

37

55

44

58

28

•

)

22

3

61

60

-19

1

80

75

45

18

57

49

28

15

2

52

44

41

-18

72

U

27

13

-1-3 S

25

- 9

48

- 1

46

58

-14

3

- 8

64

16

7

16

35

6

16

10

7

45

23

541

6

-00

-14

6

30

30

30

20

50

30

04

52

31

54

58

39

15

04

35

02

07

08

02

08

02

06

02

30

12

10

48

12

48

12

36

48

24

S1US

Beta (continued)

165

90

290

240

270

26

316

297

270

31

59

75

96

94

90

317

293

201

Z

•

30

48

54

24

54

00

24

12

30

06

12

12

h

36

27

36

36

36

15 30

33 30

56 24

65 30

24 48

24 24

22 24

15 12

11 00

72

30 24

57 24

61 06

VOL. 2

MAO.
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 321

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

MAG.

1 to 9

OBS.

NO.

00196

00197

00198

OO2O9

00210

00211

00212

00213

00214

00215

00216

0O217

OO218

00219

00220

00221

00222

00223

00224

00230

00238

00239

00240

00241

00242

00243

00244

00245

00246

00423

00424

00425

00426

00427

00428

00429

00430

00431

00432

00433

00434

00435

00436

00437

OO438

00439

00440

00441

00442

00443

00575

00672

00673

00674

OO675

OO676

00677

OO678

00679

00680

00681

00682

OO683

00684

OO685

00686

OO687

00688

00689

00690

00691

00692

STATION

Arlington

Cleveland B

North Canton

Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

Dover

Dover

State College

State College

State College

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

Bryn Athyn

Millbrook

Mlllbrook

Paterson, N.

Washington,

Milwaukee B

New Haven

Washington,

Washington,

Washington,

Washington,

Washington,.

Washington,

Washington,

Washington,

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

J.

D,

D.

D.

D.

D.

D.

D.

D.

D.

C,

C.

C.

C.

C.

C.

C

c.

c.

College, Alaska

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

STA.

NO.

0071

85O5

0053

0059

0059

0039

0039

0060

0060

0060

0055

0055

0055

0055

0055

0045

0045

0108

0014

0198

0087

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

6001

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

OO99

0099

OO99

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

OO99

0099

6450

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

U.T.

January 23,

23:33:21

23:32:21+4

23:32:59

23:31:33

23:35:45

20:31:29

23:32:24

23:32:30

23:32:45

23:37:06

23:29:34

23:29:52

23:31:33

23:35:18

23:37:00

23:31:56

23:33:41

23:33:13

23:35:12.5

23:30:58

23:25:02

23:29:05

23:31:05

23:32:05

23:33:05

23:33:35

23:34:55

23:35:50

23:37:10

23:30:38

23:30:42

23:30:55

23:31:07

23:31:15

23:31:22

23:31:28

23:31:32

23:31:38

23:31:40

23:31:44

23:32:13

23:32:33

23:33:09

23:33:28

23:33:37

23:33:43

23:33:36

23:33:55

23:35:02

23:35:39

03:36:24

18:28:22

18:28:4S

18:28:58

18:29:13

18:29:25

18:29:41

18:29:50

18:30:00

18:30:09

18:30:19

18:30:25

18:30:42

18:31:09

18:31:19

18:31:27

18:31:37

18:31:52

18:32:03

18:32:13

18:32:23

18:32:36

h

a

m s

1958 (cont

6

6

7

6

6

16

6

6

5

5

5

7

5

14

8

6

6

6

6

6

6

28

42

16

27

20

06

00

00

04

II

18

23 00

50

00

40

35

32

28

26

21

e 0 , IT

•d.)

18+2.5

l4~30

37 30

19 30

-18

80

- 8

-19

41 10

- 4 00

8 30

29 00

6 19

74 05

69 08

43 04

24 02

16 05

1 05

- 7 04

17 06

O

90

135

45

90

89

0

45

112

338

3420000

355

1

12

10

l

56i

131

121

130

131

132

133

146

147

144

147

186

332

333

33

3324

334

335

336

336

337

III

339

342

343

344

346

348

351

353

356

1

z1

42

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

12

00

24

12

36

30

00

36

00

48

48

30

24

30

36

00

30

00

2h24

06

0

37

25

60

8

35

53

24

58

62

%

72

7

7f6

79

8l

8l

82

74

69n

46

40

31

25

3I6

8

10

11

13

14

15

17

18

20

22

23

28

30

1134

1144

47

51

h

1

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

ii *•%

42

42

00

30

00

42

48

12

36

00

12

48

48

42

42

48

r.24 1,

16

12

00

00
322 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00693

00694

00695

00696

O0697

00698

00169

00170

00171

00172

00173

00174

00175

00176

00199

00200

00201

00202

00203

00204

00205

00206

00207

00208

00225

00226

00227

00228

00229

00231

00232

00233

00234

00235

00236

OO237

00247

00248

00249

00250

00251

00252

00358

00359

OO36O

00444

00445

00446

00699

00700

00701

00702

00703

00704

OO7O5

00706

00707

OO7O8

00709

00710

00711

00712

00713

00714

00715

00716

00717

00719

STATION

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pasacal

Paeacal

Pasacal

Organ Pass-BN

Organ Pass-BN

Organ Pass-SS

Sac Peak-SS

Sac Peak-SS

North Canton

Lawton

Lawton

Lawton

China Lake

Whittler

Whittler

Whlttier

Wichita

Wichita

Washington, D.C.

Columbus

Tulsa

Tulsa

Tulsa

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Los Alamos

Los Alamos

Tucson

Tucson

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Suwa

Sendai

Sendai

Sendai

Quebec

Quebec

Quebec

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

STA.

NO.

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

8008

8008

8008

9001

9001

5001

2043

2043

OO53

0110

0110

0110

0098

0012

0012

0012

0028

0028

0014

OO51

0054

OO54

0054

OO74

0074

0074

0043

0043

0003

0003

6001

6001

0248

0246

0246

0246

8021

8021

8021

0099

0099

0099

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

U.T.

January 23,

18:32:48

18:33:00

18:33:12

18:33:30

18:33:44

18:33:59

January

02:50:37-091

02:50:45.092

02:50:53.092

02:54:03.95

02:54:39-95

02:52:25.8

01:10:38.4

02:52:25.2

01:13:47.5

01:08:57

01:11:00

01:12:54

02:51:02

02:54:47

02:55:06

02:55:59

01:09:32.6

01:14:25.8

01:15:23.5

01:11:27

01:11:54

01:13:48

01:15:58

01:11:14

01:13:28.6

01:18:00.0

01:12:01

02:52:04

02:54:38

02:56:31

01:11:05

01:12:50

09:30:27

09:25:14

09:25:59.8

09:26:41.7

22:37:19

22:39:26

22:39:38

01:11:15

01:12:54

01:16:32

17:39:59

17:39:44

17:39:52

17:40:05

17:40:21

17:+0:35

17:40:45

17:40:56

17:41:09

17:41:19

17:44:31

17:41:43

17:41:53

17t42:O9

17:42:19

17:42:30

17:42:43

17:42:55

17:43:04

17:43:26

a

h m s

1958 (cont

24, 1958

2 07 48

2 47 00

3 15 54

1 39 12

2 12 54

23 53

9 12

23 45

1 44

19 18

5 43

5 50

5 52

2 52 01.6

5 52

23 20

5 42

7 55

6 00

0 55

3 03

4 37

7 35

0 10

22 52

19

5 32

5 32

5 32

*

d.)

80

78

76

17

7

40

57

37

- 2

36

- 1

- 5

-14

89

7

19

45

7

-20

27

5

-30

31

29

27

11

- 2

45

6

- 0

6

1

46

59

56

25

00

27

30

S

24

12

48

18

U

30

50

50

30

30

50

00

00

04

08

£

45

II 0 I z

5 48

12 48

21 00

35 12

51 12

69 06

(1950 position

(.1950 position

(1950 position

355 00

68 30

0

221 36

180

164

338 42

343 36

353 18

276

252

229

35 12

39 42

43 24

49 06

54 24

60 24

64 18

68 24

72 30

75 +8

79 24

82 48

85 24

89 06

91 18

93 36

95 54

97 54

9a 24

102 3b

h

• <

54 24

57 36

60 30

63 36

64 42

63 36

18 42

44 18

57 30

29

69

39

33 18

45 24

59 12

14 30

18

12

32 42

33 18

33 42

34 00

34 00

33 36

35 18

32 36

31 54

31 06

30 12

29 12

28 24

26 54

26 00

24 54

23 54

22 54

22 00

20 06

MAG.
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA 32 3

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

00720

00721

00722

00723

00724

00725

00726

00727

00728

00729

00730

00731

00732

00733

00734

00735

00736

00737

OO736

00739

00740

00741

00742

00743

00744

00745

00746

00747

00748

00749

OO75O

00751

OO752

00753

00253

OO254

OO255

OO256

00257

OO258

OO259

00261

00262

00263

00264

00265

00266

00267

00268

00269

00270

00271

00272

00273

OO274

OO275

00276

OO277

OO278

OO279

OO28O

00281

00282

OO283

00284

OO285

OO286

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

PIC du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

P.lc du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic d'l

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

^ 0 5

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Woomera

Organ Paso BN

Organ Paaa BN

Organ Pass BN

New Orleans

New Orleans

W. Palm Beach

St.Petersburg

Denver

Denver

Spokane B

Spokane B

Anarlllo

Alamagordo

Alamagordo

Alaaagordo

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Sacramento C

Lawton

Lawton

lawton

Los Alamos

Los Alamoa

Los Alamoa

Edlnburg, Tax.

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

3601

9001

9001

9001

0030

0030

0016

0121

0013

0013

8502

8502

0064

0102

0102

0102

85OI

85OI

85OI

0110

0110

0110

0043

0043

0043

0066

January 24, 1958 (cont'd.)

17:43:35

17:43:49

17:44:04

17:44:20

17:44:30

17:44:39

17:44:47

17:45:01

19:19:54

19:20:02

19:20:10

19:20:24

19:20:39

19:21:07

19:21:20

19:21:28

19:21:38

19:21:46

19:21:59

19:22:12

19:22:18

19:22:51

19:23:00

19:23:09

19:23:18

19:23:29

19:23:^2

19:23:50

19:24:00

19:24:09

19:2^:44

19:24:53

19:25:02

19:25:21

January 25, 1958

12:14:29.1

12:19:43

12:20:00.7

12:20:30.7

12:20:54.4

12:21:27.4

12:22:07

12:22:55

01:00:46.08,

01:01:50.08

01:03:42.13

00:22:21

00:21:32

00:23:40

00:23:58

01:57:00

02:01:00

01:56:51

01:58:55

01:59:51

01:58:16

01:59:03

02:03:05

01:58:14.7

03:38:10.9

03:38:28.2

02:01:05

02:03:18

02:04:51

01:59:22

02:00:14

02:01:34

02:00:37

4 46 33.8

5 07 31.50

5 33 16.5

7 01

6 12

* 37

5 55

22 50

1 53

5 12

6 55 37.8

0 10 38.4

0 29 00

3 30

4 00

4 42

30

9

15

20

12

16

7

72

70

8

26

19

15

59

55

26

39

30

00

18

16

07

38

43

103

105

107

108

110

110

111

112

292

290

287

284

280

269

265

261

256

253

247

241

238

223

220

216

213

210

206

204

202

200

193

191

100

1§7

318

167

115 162

161

159

158

S

06

54

00

42

3032. 18

24

48

42

24

48

12

18

54

00

48

36

18

12

18

12

42

00

48

06

00

06

06

30

12

36

36

57

536

19

55

39

00

46

26

06

24

40

10

00

(1950 position)

(1950 position)

(195O position)

16

61

310

168

270

12

24

12

45

18

ll

17

15

15

14

13

II

29

30

32

38

40

41

41

42

42

42

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

33

II

27

26

24

45

47

42

38

33

319

32

90

45

36

71

18

00

00

54

06

30

54

00

18

42

54

54

06

54

06

00

42

18

48

?*48

18

30

30

36

24

06

12

48

18

48

42

48

54

25

12

50

12

47

30

34

35

30

30

36

30

10

24

24

44

20

32

00

00

2

3

42

22 00

- 3 06

232 06

184 S4

175 48

315 30

5T 06

36 30

23 5*

39 30
324 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

MD.

00287

00288

00289

00290

00291

00292

00293

00294

O0295

00296

00297

00298

00299

00300

00301

00302

00303

00304

00305

00306

00310

00311

00312

00361

00362

00363

00364

00365

00366

00370

00371

00372

00373

00374

00375

00376

00377

OO378

00379

OO38O

00381

00390

OO576

00647

00648

00649

OO65O

OO65I

00657

OO658

OO663

00664

OO665

00666

OO66.7

00668

00669

OO67O

00307

00308

00309

00313

00314

00315

00316

00317

OO318

00319

00320

STATION

Edlnburg, Tex.

Edlnburg, TexEdlnburg, Tex.

Edlnburg, Tex.

Hlgashlmatsuyama

Hlgashimatsuyana

Fuchu

Kagoshlaa

Kanaya Machl

Miyazaki

Miyazaki

Miyazaki

Shlzuoka

Sendal

Sendal

Sendal

Sendal

Mlzusawa

Mizuaawa

Mlzusawa

Cary

Cary

Cary

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

College , Alaska

C. Canaveral E

C. Canaveral E

C. Canaveral E

C. Canaveral E

C. Canaveral E

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Bonn Observatory

Hlgashlnatsuyana

Mlzukaldo

Organ Pass SS

Denver

Tulsa

Tulsa

Tulsa

San Antonio

lawton

lawton

lawton

STA.

MO.

0066

0066

0066

0066

0210

0210

0214

0218

0220

0230

0230

0230

0247

0246

0246

0246

0246

0267

0267

0267

0112

0112

0112

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8OO7

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

6450

8018

8018

8018

8018

8018

2401

2401

2712

2712

2712

2712

2712

2712

2712

2712

0210

0231

5001

0013

0054

0054

0054

0096

0110

0110

0110

U.T.

January ;

02:02:49

02:03:53

02:05:03

02:07:33

08:33:51.8

10:20:57

10:16:46

10:19:10

10:16:55

10:17:39.6

10:17:57.6

10:19:39-9

10:16:38

08:32:28.4

08:33:43.2

10:15:04

10:16 til. 8

10:15:48

10:16:33

10:17:33

23:27:3*

23:27:41

23:28:03

23:28:38

23:28:48

23:28:58

23:29:08

23:29:18

23:29:28

23:29138

23:29:42

23:29:48

23:3OiOO

23:30:30

23:31:00

23?31:3O

23:32:00

23s33:00

23:34:00

23s35:00

23s36iOO

OlsO9:3O

03:32:00

00i22:l6.88

00s22;28.88

00:22:44.88

00:23:08.88

00:23:44.88

I8;49s57

20:34:04

16:45:31

16:46:21

18:23:59

18:25:23

18:25:53

18:27:39

18:29.25

18:28:00

a

h m

25, 1958

7

 ?5

3 47

3 18 5

 ?? 2 44

4 26

5 32 5 04

1 24

6 10

5 52

5 48

5 36

1 00

5 26

5 29

21 11

22 41

23 26

1 04

1 42

0 30

January 26,

09:19:43

09:20:59

02:45:00

01:02:24

01:06:58

01:08:52.5

01:10:26

01:08:03.2

01:07:25

01:07:49

01:08:06

0 48

23 39

3 52

4 38

5 01

5 45

B

8 • « »

(cont'd)

41

-38

3

- 9

3

1

- 3 -22

5

44 30

7 12

- 3 30

- 6

24 - 46 42

43

27 24

28

22 18

19 18

- 5 30

- 16 06

4

1958

59

30 20 24

11 45

-14 30

-26 20

25

266

183

168

162

27

62

253

230

234

222

208

74

77

79

82

84

86

89

90

91

93

98

103

107

11]

116

121

124

127

251

l80

51

61

75

93

112

225

35*

12'

12?

133

Z

30

30

48

18

812

36

35

13

47

13

36

54

07

00

08

32

53

1112

56

24

n

23

05

36

39

49

05

5 30

i 24

i 54

• 30

o

73

68

49

24

34

37

34

34

32

30

26

29

28

28

27

27

26

26

25

25

24

22

20

L8

16

12

9

6

38

u

63

61

54

88

35

53

46

43

h

1

30

30

42

30

54

30

18

07

45

20

51

20

47

11

54

U

46

41

37

3?16

04

07

38

46

22

56

04

08

54

30

MAO.

2

2

3-0

3-0

3-0

3.0

3.0

3-5
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AN D BETA 325

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

MO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

00321

00322

00323

00324

00325

00326

00327

00328

00329

00330

00331

00332

OO382

30383

00384

OO385

OO386

OO387

00388

OO389

00391

00392

00393

00394

00395

OO396

00397

OO398

00399

00400

:o4oi

00402

00577

00659

00660

00847

00848

00849

OO85O

OO85I

OO852

OO853

00854

OO855

OO856

OO857

OO858

OO859

00860

00861

00862

00863

00864

OO865

00866

OO867

00868

00869

OO87O

OO87I

00872

00873

00874

00875

OO876

OO877

OO878

OO879

00880

Denver

Anarlllo

Amarlllo

Anarlllo

Edinburg

Edinburg

Edinburg

Edlnburg

Alamagordo

Alamagordo

Tucson

Tucson

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

College, Alaska

Johannesburg

Johannesburg

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du Midi

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

0013

0064

0064

0064

0066

0066

0066

0066

0102

0102

0003

0003

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

6450

2401

2401

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

January 26, 1958 (cont'd)

02 45:30

01

01

01

01

01:

01

01

01

01

02

02

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

02

17

19

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:

19:15:55

19:16:07

19:16:17

19:16:26

19:16:33

19:16:45

19:16:54

19:17:05

19:17:18

19:17:26

06:35

07:24

08sl2

07:40

07:35

07:23

07:40

05:50

10:10

44:07

51:24

: 08:00

08:10

08:20

:O8:3O

08:35-2

08:40

08:50

09:00

;O9:4O

:09:50

: 10:00

:11:00

:12:00

:13:0Q

:14:00

:15:00

:16:00

:17:00

:17:04

:18:00

:36:20

:53:O4.6

:34:45

:12:22

:12:34

:12:43

:12:55

: 5 2 :08

':28

^58

>:05

lil

5 38

5 4o 00

5 43

21 12

7

- 2 48

40 54

-16 00

6 25 12

2 05

23 12

-16 42

256

4 5

45

308

180

280 13

277 28

274 35

271 34

270 00

268 25

265 11

261 49

247 50

244 23

240 55

222 17

208 26

198 38

191 47

186 48

I83 05

180 11

179 59

177 46

180

276 42

274 12

271 00

268 18

265 00

262 18

259 36

256 54

254 42

252 48

250 18

247 30

243 24

240 36

237 30

234 18

232 00

229 06

227 12

225 24

223 06

221 24

219 18

217 06

215 36

213 06

211 12

209 36

208 12

206 24

205 00

203 18

201 30

200 24

20

47

B

3 0

46

27 30

22

32 46

II S

35 37

36 01

36 20

37 02

37

38

38

38

35

30

24

19

15

11

7

I45

23

25

25

26

27

27

28

28

28

28

29

29

29

29

§28

28

27

27

26

26

26

2 5

24

24

23

22

22

21

20

20

19

18

141

31

28

23

$

16

11

37

22

20

54

00

36

18

06

42

06

s

54

06

12

12

06

00

42

24

00

42

24

54

30

00

24

54

12

24

48

12

24

48

00

12

30

460132 O—58
326

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICSTable 3.—Processed optica l observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

MO. STATION

STA.

HO. U.T. MAO.

January 26, 1958 (cont'd)

00881

00882

00883

00884

00887

00888

00889

00890

00891

00892

0089!

00897

00333

0033*

00335

00336

O0337

00338

OO339

OO34O

00341

00342

00343

OO344

00345

00346

OO347

00348

00349

00350

00351

00352

00353

0035*

00355

00356

00357

00367

OO368

00369

00403

00404

0040;

00406

00407

00408

00409

00410

00411

00412

00413

00414

30415

00416

00417

00418

00419

00420

00421

00422

00447

00448

00449

00450

Pic du

tic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Pic du

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

Midi

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

2705

8705

2705

2705

Blloxl

Hew Orleans

Mew Orleans

V.Pala Beach

Arlington

Arlington

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg

Silver Spring

China Lake

Anarlllo

Edlnburg, Tex.

Kdlnburg, Tex.

Edlnburg, Tex.

Manhattan

Lawton

Lawton

San Antonio

San Antonio

Phoenix

Phoenix

Phoenix

Alamagbrdo

Alaaagordo

Washington,D.C.

Washington,D.C.

Washington,D.C.

Higashiaatsuyaaa

Fuchu

KagoshiM

Kanaya Machl

Konko

Mlzukaldo

Yokkalchl

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mitaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mitaka

Sends1

Sendai

Sendai

Yanagata

Yatsushlro

Washington,D.C.

Albuquerque

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

C. Canaveral B

0002

0002

0002

0102

0102

6001

6001

6001

0210

0214

0218

0220

0224

0231

0258

0229

0229

0229

0229

0229

0229

0246

0246

0246

0257

0272

6019

0103

8007

8007

8OO7

8007

19:17:35

19:17:47

19:17:54

19:18:02

19:18:23

19:18:35

19:18:50

19:19:01

19:19:10

19:19:22

19:19:31

19:19:42

19:19:51

19:20:53

19^21:09

19:21:18

19:21:32

Tanuary 27, 1958

00:13:22

00:13:41

00:12:28

00:14:33

00:09:51

00:10:44

00:12:25

00:14:25

00:19:58

00:10:08

01:47:19

01:47:57

01:52:26

01:53:36

01:57:30

01:50:00

01:50:20

01:55:08

01:52:39-3

01:52:36

01:50:50

01:52:00

01:55:04

01:49:43

01:51:48

23:12:00

23:15:00

23:18:10

10:08:47.9

10:05:24

10:06:08

10:05:04

10:05:05

0^:27:02

10:06:43

08:27:20.2

10:04:54.4

10:05:44.2

10:06i54.3

10:08:26.9

10:10:16.1

08:24:59

08:25:16

08:26:43

08:25:18

10:03:06

00:09:49

01:56:08

00:08:30

00:09:00

00:09:30

00:10:00

22 41

2 00

3 55

5 25

23 00

21 25

23 02

23 05

23 33

2 S

4 22

5 J1

22 40

2 04

20 20

I 5°

4 15

129 12

23 51

00 56

23 08

23 30

5 38

00 33

22 39

4 25

30 00

65

22 30

-35 30

26

45

14 56

26 06

17

39 35

15 30

-21 45

52 00

23 12

51 06

37 05

- 7

-20 36

19.

34

28

28

-I?

199

197

197

196

193

193

191

190

189

188

187

186

183

182

182

181

90

90

60

270

18

48

00

06

5^

00

24

36

00

00

18

36

54

18

24

00

24

17

17

16

16

14

13

12

12

11

11

10

9

9

5

I

3

60

48

48

86

54

12

36

00

42

54

5^

18

#2

00

24

54

18

54

06

36

54

30

270

295

270 30

189 30

199 30

270

106 36

275 54

263 36

244 12

221 24

203 18

77 42

87 24

115 42

90

315

332 16

332 05

331 52

331 33

36

32 30

,8 II 30

31 30

25 06

44 30

24 24

27

29

25

18

54

1

j6

49

40

10

13

17

21

30

00

48

54

42

42

55

58

26

21

3 - 4
SATELLITES 1957 ALPHA AND BETA 32 7

.a.ple 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

MO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

00451 C.Canaveral B 8007

00452 C.Canaveral B 8007

00453 C.Canaveral B 8007

00454 C.Canaveral B 8007

00455 C.Canaveral B 8007

00456 C.Canaveral B 8007

00457 C.Canaveral B 8007

00458 C.Canaveral B 8007

00459 C.Canaveral B 8007

00460 C.Canaveral E 8007

00461 C.Canaveral B 8007

00462 C.Canaveral B 8007

00463 C.Canaveral B 8007

00464 C.Canaveral B 8007

00465 CCanaveral B 8007

00466 C.Canaveral B 8007

00467 C.Canaveral B 8007

00468 C.Canaveral B 8007

00469 C.Canaveral B 8007

00470 C.Canaveral B 8OO7

00471 Pt.Belvolr 0077

00472 Philadelphia OO58

00473 Washington,D.C. 0014

00474 Silver Spring 0032

00491 W.Palm Beach 0016

00492 C.Canaveral B 8007

00495 Washington,D.C. 6001

00496 Washington,D.C. 6001

00497 Washington,D.C 6001

00498 Washington,D.C. 6001

00499 Washington,D.C. 6001

00500 Washington,D.C. 6001

00501 Washington,D.C. 6001

00502 Washington,D.C. 6001

00503 Washington,D.C. 6001

00569 Swarthaore 2038

00570 Swarthaore 2038

00571 D.of Peflna. B 8OI5

OO578 College, Alaska 6450

00652 C.Canaveral D 8017

00653 C.Canaveral D 8017

00654 C.Canaveral D 8017

00655 C.Canaveral D 8017

00656 C.Canaveral D 3017

00661 Johannesburg 2401

00475

00476

00477

00478

OQ479

00480

00481

00482

00483

00484

00485

00486

00487

00488

•OO489

00490

00493

00494

OO5O7

OO5O8

OO5O9

00510

Biloxl

Denver

Bdlnburg,Tex.

Edinburg,Tex.

Edinburg,Tex.

Anarlllo

Aaarlllo

Aaarillo

Sylacauga

Sylacauga

San Antonio

Manhattan

Manhattan

Manhattan

San Antonio

Whlttier

Tucson

Tucson

HonoluJ.li

Honolulu

Kanazawa

Kanazawa

0090

0013

0066

0066

0066

0064

0064

0064

0001

0001

0089

0027

0027

0027

0096

0012

0003

0003

0114

0114

0221

0221

00:10:30

00:11:00

00:11:30

00:12:00

00:12:30

00:13:00

00:13:30

00:14:00

00:14:30

00:15:00

00:15:30

00:16:00

00:16:30

00:17:00

00:17:30

00:18:00

OO:l8t3O

00:19:00

00:19:30

00:13:55-7

23:16:19

23:16:23

23:14:02

23:14:11

23:19:14

00:14:35.1

00:08:15

00:09:30

00:09:40

00:10:00

00:11:10

00:11:30

00:13:10

00:15:50

00:17:30

23:14:50

23:14:53

23:14:53

03:24:25

00:15:07.31

00:15:11-31

00:15:15.31

00:15:19.31

00:15:29-31

18:30:21.4

January 27, 1958 (cont'd)

0 40

21 20

22 34

22 41

23 04

0 07

in3 02

3 45

1 18 58.8

1 20 29.8

1 18 57.2

3 22 06 9 06

49

39

30

I13I

9

11

25

37

32

32

32

07

06

08

05

05

06

07

00

21 12.9

17 16.4

19 15

331 07

330 30

329 38

328 22

326 15

321 58

310 43

2§1 49

183 58

170 13

165 22

162 59

161 35

160 40

160 04

159 35

159 13

158 56

158 43

270 00

180

180

323 42

90

180 00

25

31

37

45

8

1177

67

5 7

49

42

37

32

27

24

21

18

86

54

59

43

75

(1958 Position)

(1958 Position)

(1958 Position)

58

16

34

04

a21

49

22

00

37

s

04

08

56

S

\l

37

180 16

166 58 67 07

166 16 65 46

165 39 64 28

165 00 63 09

163 59 59 55

January 28, 1958

00:56:52

00:54:22

00:55:37

00:57:03

00:57:51

00:55:10

00:55:26

00:55:35

00:55:14

00:59:24

00:57:04

00:51:39

00:53:58

00:54:27

00:57:02.8

02:34:30

02:38:04

02:39:57

->:40

L:23

09:00:54

09:09:33

3 43 00

22 47 55

24 30

24 22 27

20 40 45 06

23 29 37 21

0 10 30 29 40

3 34 28 30

270

125

352

18

71 30

12

225

90

268

SI;56

01:23

0

0

1

1

11

48

15

55

30 11

-51

37

22

219

199

«* 30

65 30

79

32 13 10

31

61

30 45

21
328 SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

OBS.

NO.

00511

00512

00513

00514

00515

00550

00553

OO586

OO587

00606

00607

00608

00609

00618

00619

00620

00621

00622

00623

00624

00625

00626

00627

00628

00629

00630

00631

00632

00633

00634

00635

00636

00637

00638

00639

00640

00641

00642

00643

00644

0064?:

00646

00662

00671

OO55I

OO552

OO554

00555

OO556

OO557

OO558

00559

OO56O

OO56I

OO562

OO563

00564

CO565

00566

00567

00568

00572

00573

00574

OO588

OO59O

00610

00611

STATION

Takada

Sendal

Sendal

Sendal

Yaaagata

Bryn Athyn

St.Petersburg

Sum

Sum

C.Canaveral C

C.Canaveral C

C.Canaveral C

C.Canaveral C

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C ..Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C-Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

CoCanaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral D

C.Canaveral D

C.Canaveral D

C.Canaveral D

WashIngton,D.C.

Bonn Obs.

Bryn Athyn

Decatur

St.Petersburg

St.Petersburg

Spokane A

Spokane A

Spokane A

Manhattan

Manhattan

Whlttler

Alamagordo

Alamagordo

Amarlllo

Edinburg, Tex.

Edinburg, Tex.

Edinburg, Tex.

Edinburg, Tex.

Organ Pass-SS

Organ Pass-SS

Organ Pass-SS

McDonald

Bryn Athyn

C. Canaveral C

C. Canaveral C

STA.

NO.

0250

0246

0246

0246

0257

0055

0121

0248

0248

8016

8016

8016

8016

8OO7

8007

8OO7

800y

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8OO7

8OO7

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8OI7

8017

8017

8017

6001

2712

0055

0132

0121

0121

0086

0086

0086

0027

0027

0012

0102

0102

3010

0066

0066

0066

0066

5001

5001

5001

2309

OO55

8016

8016

U.T.

January

09:08:51

09:09:00

09:11:00

09:12:3*

09:11:02

23:57:22

23:51:00

09:08:00

09:08:40

23:56:00

23:57:00

23:58:00

23:59:00

00:53:30

00:54:00

00:54:30

00:55:00

00:55:30

00:56:00

00:56:30

00:57:00

00:57:30

00:57:41.

00:58:00

00:58:30

00:59:00

00:59:30

01:00:00

01:00:30

01:01:00

01:01:30

01:02:00

01:02:30

01:03:00

01:03:30

01:04:00

01:04:30

01:05:00

00:59:37.

OCs59:4l.

01:01:13.

01:01:17.

23:57:00

17:19:42

00:00:47

00:00:00

00:01:42

00:03:00

01:32:00

01:33:30

01:36:45

01:38:00

01:41:08

01:37:31

01:37:39

01:39:33

01:35:53

01:38:45

01:39:46

01:40:42

01:43:13

01:36:43

01:39:44

01:40:55

01:45:56

22:59:50

00:00:00

00:01:00

0

86

86

86

86

h

28,

0

5

23

0

22

0

January ;

.2

.4

.8

1

0

2

23

0

23

1

21

0

2

3

a

•

1958 (eont

40

42

05

12

42

10

3

05

18

54

SI

21

14

04

13

30

7

49

41

30

14

1958

32

35

17

1

- 2 4

32

21

00 47

6

30 -11

-41

6

1 »

•d)

02

30

30

18

40

15

48

48

06

12

1.8

•

252

197

182

192

270

324

321

317

311

308

304

301

297

293

289

284

278

272

270

265

258

244

237

231

225

219

214

210

2O6

203

200

197

195

260

259

236

235

225

320

270

180

60

270

296

284

270

225

270

299

274

Z

18

48

30

30

18

44

40

07

10

25

20

47

46

17

12

29

24

00

43

41

30

23

29

01

S

853

32

33

56

32

31

34

18

28

30

05

46

49

37

27

40

21

9

15

23

32

8

10

13

15

17

19

21

23

24

25

26

26

25

24

23

21

20

18

16

15

13

11

9

25

26

25

25

23

20

60

35

68

30

22

28

32

32

48

44

55

h

1 n

36

06

12

18

41

42

03

32

5 9

49

56

05

18

22

36

34

13

S40

10

07

e

24

54

17

$

01

16

34

55

53

00

8

30

30

30

12

47

MAO.
SATELLITES 195 7 ALPHA AND BETA 329

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued

OBS.

NO.

CO612

00613

00614

00615

00616

00617

00822

00834

00591

00592

00593

00594

00595

00596

00597

00598

00599

OO6OO

00601

00602

00603

00604

0060 5

00798

00799

00800

00801

00807

00808

00809

00810

00811

00812

00813

00814

OO815

00816

00817

00818

OO819

00820

00821

00823

00824

00825

OO826

OO827

OO828

OO835

OO836

00802

OO8O3

00804

OO8O5

00806

OO829

OO83O

OO831

OO832

00833

OO838

STATION

C. Canaveral C

C. Canaveral C

C. Canaveral C

C. Canaveral C

C. Canaveral C

C. Canaveral C

Nagasaki I

Johannesburg

Lawton

Lawton

Lawton

San Angel0

San Antonio

Edlnburg, Tex.

Edlnburg, Tex.

Edinburg, Tex.

Sylacauga

Wichita

Port Worth

Port Worth

Port Worth

Port Worth

Spokane A

Laredo

Laredo

Greensboro A

W.Palm Beach

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

C.Canaveral B

Kanazawa

Yokkaichl

Mizukaldo

Otsu

Washington,D.C.

Washington,D.C.

Washington,D.C.

Washington,D.C

Johannesburg

Edwards APB

Denver

Denver

San Antonio

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Johannesburg

STA.

NO.

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

0235

0403

0110

0110

0110

0105

0096

0066

0066

0066

0001

0028

0069

0069

0069

OO69

0086

4009

4009

0049

0016

8007

8007

8007

8OO7

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

0221

0258

0231

0269

6001

6001

6001

6001

0403

3013

0013

0013

OO89

0041

0041

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0403

U.T.

January

00:01:07.9

00:02:00

00:03:00

00:04:0C

00:05:00

00:05:01.8

09:53:32

18:28:46

R

' 29,

22

3

a

m s

6

1

1958 (cont'd.)

40

21

January 30,

00:39:45

00:41:30

00:44:36

00:41:38

00:42:19.5

00:43:37

00:44:46

00:46:34

00:44:44

00:44:48.2

00:41:07

00:41:09

00:41:09

00:41:30

02:15:45

00:44:05

00:46:47

23:46:00

23:52:07

23:44:06

23:45:06

23:46:06

23:47:06

18:48?O6

23:49:06

23:50:06

23:51:06

23:52:06

23:53:06

23:54:06

23:44:35.7

23:51:34.5

08:54:17

08:54:12

08:55:34

08:54:28

23:42:15

23:43:25

23:44:40

23:46:20

17:27:26.4

02:20:30

1

2

1

1

1

1

I

0

0

2 2

23

0

1

5

January !

01:19:36.6

01:20:48.6

01:23:18

01:21:27-5

01:27:27-5

22:43:12

22:43:35

22:44:52

22:45:07

22:45:21.2

18:10:47.6

22

24

1

38

50

856

26

05

35

25

03

37

22

34

0 1

08

31,

52

15

28

-62

1958

27

49.2 -32

29

30

27

24

4

-24

17

27

9

- 1

if -26

- 8

1958

09

15

351 2 -57

&4

30

42

50

20

40

15

24

48

48

36

30

30

°

2 7 0

234

203

188

1 8 0

1 8 0

294

232

176

2 7 0

2 2 C

170

162

225

280

209

180

280

258

233

213

200

191

185

181

178

176

174

270

180

225

258

245

274

256

236

229

2 1 2

211

207

Z

1

0 0

44

49

22

19

0 0

12

48

36

30

30

07

08

e2 2

40

45

35

29

04

09

0 0

0 0

r\ It

24

30

30

30

30

30

30

56

58

50

4 0

31

30

46

59

28

80

81

61

36

12

2 0

26

15

i

43

38

31

25

19

14

10

7

J41

1 2

42

65

38

22

25

o c

2 8

24

2 3

19

h MAO.

t

56

50

44

y52

24

54

15

30

1 5

 • 03 14

3

1

11

25

10

12

34

13

40

034

49

19

52

43

1

0

1 - 7

54

30
330 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS)

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellit e 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

MO.

00841

00842

00843

00844

00845

00846

STATION

Johannesburg

C. Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

Canaveral B

OO898

00899

00900

00901

00902

OO9O3

OO9O4

00905

01007

OO9O6

00907

00908

00909

00910

OO911

00912

00913

00914

00915

00916

00917

OO918

00919

00920

00921

00922

00923

00924

00925

00926

00927

00928

00929

00930

00931

00932

00933

OO934

00935

00936

00937

OO938

00939

00940

00941

Canaveral P

Canaveral P

Canaveral F

Canaveral P

Canaveral P

Canaveral F

Canaveral P

Canaveral P

Pic du Midi

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Canaveral C

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Grand Pf»hn""»,

Radar

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Grand Bahama,

Radar

Bloemfonteln

Milton

Milton

Milton

Milton

W. Palm Beach

W. Palm Beach

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg

St. Paul B

San Angelo

San Angelo

STA.

NO.

0403

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

8007

U.T. MAO.

February 1, 1958

OO837 Stanford, Radar 4008

8020

8020

8020

8020

8020

8020

8020

8020

2705

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

8016

4900

4900

4900

4900

4900

4900

4900

4900

0401

6OO3

6OO3

6OO3

6OO3

0016

0016

0121

0121

0121

0199

0105

0105

02:53

00:28:

00:28:

00:29

00:29

00:30:

00:30:

00:31

53

00

30

00

30

00

30

00

20 16 -57 12

Pebruary 2, 1958

15:21 Slant Range: 340 km+10

Pebruary 3, 1958

00:01:00

00:02:00

00:03:00

00:04:00

00:05:00

00:06?00

00:08:00

00:02:34.8

18:04:24

Pebruary 4, 1958

11:36:15

11:36:30

11:36:45

11:37:00

11:37:15

11:37:30

11:37:45

11:38:00

11:38:15

11:38:30

11:38:45

11:39:00

11:39:15

11:39:30

11:39:45

11:36:10

11:36:20

11:36:30

11:36:40

11:36:50

11:37:00

11:36:09.2

11:36:09.3

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

Slant Range:

02:39:50

11:10:42

11:11:22

11:11:56

11:12:47

11:06:03

11:07:39

11:06:32

11:07:21

11:08:30

12:50:28

12:46:27

12:46:4P

Slant Range:

Pebruary 6, 1958

8 02 06

16 34

19 11

20 12

22 52

728,487'

811,158'

955,998'

1,139,496'

1,345,876'

1,564,774'

725,289'

725,664'

-39 53 02

- 7 12

27 18

40 18

42 42

17 40

19 32

21 18

18 52

-21

10 36

35

31

238

234

229

226

222

219

216

23

00

52

02

20

17

09

13

12

12

11

10

q

8

II06

07

11

05

06

120+1

282 58

274 59

266 19

257 21

248 23

239 47

224 50

270 00

238 24

118 04

99 49

83 40

71 28

62 46

56 21

51 40

48 04

45 16

43 02

41 13

39 42

38 26

37 22

36 27

86 01 52

54 34 48

43 36 36

38 27 07

35 29 38

33 35 17

90 23 53

89 52 26

180

49

180

90

41+1

6

8

10

11

11

10

7

9

10

25

22

18

15

12

10

8

7

I

3

2

1

70

54

58

21

11

17

41

g12

05

34

47

11

40

37

59

49

56

19

54

38

31

30

33

22 01

57 43 19

45 36 25

36 29 17

29 49 19

24 50 53

71 03 04

70 59 06

II

1 to

2 to

-2
SATELLITES 19 5 7 ALPHA AND BETA 331

Table 3.—Processed optical observations of Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

OBS.

NO.

00942

00943

00944

00945

00946

00947

00948

00949

00950

00951

00952

00953

00954

00955

OO966

OO967

00977

00956

00957

OO958

00959

00960

00961

OO962

OO963

00964

OO965

STATION

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge

Amarlllo

Quebec

Quebec

Montevideo

Maul

Athens

Organ Pass

U. of Illinois

U. of Illinois

U. of Illinois

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Milwaukee B

Alamagordo

Albuquerque

00969

00970

00971

OO972

00973

00974

00975

00976

OO978

00979

OO98O

00981

00982

00984

OO985

00986

OO987

OO988

OO989

00990

00991

00992

00993

00994

00999

01008

01015

Mltaka

Kurume Machi

Sendal

Mitaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

Mltaka

U, of Illinois A

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Chicago

Evansvllle

Lemont

Terre Haute

Terre Haute

Los Altos

Milwaukee A

Milwaukee A

Milwaukee A

Chicago

Chicago

Washington,

Yerkes

Edwards AFB

D.C

STA.

NO.

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0099

0064

8021

8021

0808

5010

2706

5001

2014

2014

2014

0041

0041

0041

0041

0198

0102

0103

0229

0227

0246

0229

0229

0229

0229

2014

2706

2706

2706

2706

2706

0020

0094

0022

0025

0025

0005

0074

0074

0074

0085

OO85

6001

2042

3013

U.T. a 6

h m s • '

February 6, 1958 (cont'd.)

MAO.

1 1 :

1 1 :

1 1 :

1 1 :

1 1 i

1 1 :

1 1 :

11:

11:

11:

11:

12:

11:

11:

07

;04.8

09.6

27.4

:27.6

32.2

:34.4

;34.8

;43.8

;O0.8

:23.0

:15.8

:50.4

:22.2

19 07

16 29

19 47

34.2+05

45 ~ 19 03 43

07 16 30

13 18

-26 50

7 10

56 19

-27 06

13:19

11:43

11:42

11:43

13:19

13:20

13:20

13:21

11:46

13:22

13:21

February 7, 1958

a

.6 10 20 21

.4+J.20 02 12+6 16 57+1.5

49.7+.1

55.3+.1

50

:22 11 12 15 30

27 11 08 21

08 9 40 65

19 50 8

14 54 69 08

:00+3

:00~

:52

February 8, 1958

20:26:44.

20:24:38.'

20:25:53

20:26:03.

20:27:05.

20:25:50

20:27:07

12:16:00.

Note:

04:03:16

04:03:34

04:03:57

04:04:16

04:04:54

12:15:55

12:15:00

12:17:26

12:15:15

12:17:08

13:52:14

12:15:30

12:16:22.

12:18:59

12:15:44.

12:15=51.

10:36:40

12:16:01

13:54:29

4 10

Angles

16

1 7 r 18

19

20

23 36

04 54

to 10'

09

05

26

16

12

11

1

11

11

19

12

10

00

42

00

15 30

10 18

26

40

42 18

Tiws to 0?5

-25 12

-15 42

- 0 24

13 18

27 30

12

- 6 30

33 30

52 30

10 07

122

114 06

P

82

81

77 06

76

71 30

48 30

45 48

42 30

47

47 06

42 30

42 12

41 30

40 30

40 06

34 30

15 12

12 00

12 36

27 18+1• 57 42+30' 0 to

5

(1958 position)

131 fo+1.5 *23 16+1.5

68 51+1.5

 #19 38+1.5

225 "" 25 -3

315

27 12

25 06

26 54

24 18

26 48

(1958 pcBltlon)

270

270

0

270

0

21

79 18

41 42

17 48

8 18

21 24

8 06

5

10

35+5

28

35

- 1

(195C position)

9 47 49 10 41 42

February 9 . 1958

OO983 U. of Illinois 2014

00995 Harrlsonburg 0072

00996 Dayton 0082

00997 Dayton 0082

00998 St. Paul B 03 99

01000 Dunlap Obs, 2451

01001 Washington,D.C. 6001

11:08:41.9 20 36 42

Note: Angles to 51

11:10:11 0 47

11:08:29.84-0.3 20 16+1

ll:O8:45J8T0.3 2O 56+I

12:56:52

11:11:04 23 07 10

11:08:16 10 39

23 58 (1958 position)

Time to 0*5

57 42

39 54+0

40 42 0

39 54+0,1

40 42+0.2

44 41

25 12

2

0.5

2.5

3.5

3.0

5.0

-3

-1.5

0

1

1

u

-1

3

1.5

270

(I958 position)

(1950 position)
332 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 3.—Processed optica l observations of Satellit e 1957 Be*a (concluded]

NO. STATION

STA.

NO. U.T. MAO.

February 9, 1958 (cont'd.)

01002 Washington, D.C. 600-

01003 Washington, D.C. 6001

01004 Washington, D.C. 6001

01005 Wasnington, D.C. 6001

01006 Washington, D.C. 6001

01012 Athens 2706

01009 Dayton 0082

01010 Stanford, Radar 4008

11:08:51

11:09:00

11:09:33

11:10:01

11:10:18

04:36:21

28

50

30

56

8 49

51 04 12

61 00

71 24

63 30

59 24

47 42

February 10, 1958

11:40:23.8+0.5

13:14:35 ~

01011 St. Paul B 0199 11:39:44.5

Slant Range: 360 km

20 45 33 30

February 11, 1958

01024 College, Alaska 6450 17:07:00

01013 Stanford, Radar 4008

01016 Landstraat 8031

01014 Stanford, Radar 4008

01017 Landstraat 8031

01018 Blarlcum 8023

01019 Netherlands, 812 8029

01020 Utrecht A 2707

01021 Utrecht A 2707

O1O22

01023

01025

Steenwljk

Steenwljk

College, Alaska

8004

8004

6450

OIO33 College, Alaska 6450

01026

01027

01028

01O29

01030

01031

01032

01034

01035

OIO36

Steenwijk

Qnmen

Sneek

Sneek

Bramen

Sneek

Steenwljk

College, Alaska

Laredo, Radar

Laredo, Radar

8004

8025

8028

8028

802S

8028

8004

6450

4009

4009

February 12, 1953

12:31:44

06:07:39.8

Slant Range: 535

2 05 63 36

February 13, 1958

12:58:28

04:54:37.8

04:54:03.7

04:54:02.7

04:54:03.0

04:54:20.0

Slant Range: 43O km

20 31

19 01 36

19 12

19 25 18

20 21 48

29 12

32 18

31 06

28 36

32 00

0+0!3

120~

].8O

120

300

48

35

25

32

9 45+18 0

February 14, 1958

05:19:36.8 11 11 36 62

05:20:35.0 10 35 24 79

16:46:30

February 16, 1958

15:54:15.2

February 17, 1958

180

180

55

41

04:52:17.4

04:52:37.6

04:52:30.8

04:52:52.6

1 54

1 30

1 08

1 39 42

63 18

57 12

36 60 12

42 56 54

February 18, 1958

05:14:29.2

05:13:56.7

05:13:36.9

16:37:33.2

03 10

3 46 54

4 53 30

31 00

55 18

63 18

February 19, 1958

10:16:43.2

10:16:57.8

Slant Range: 800 N Miles

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co oo co oc co coco cooooo cocooo oo ooco coco coco

CM CM CM

r— co cfiO r-t

CM CM CM rOO O

o o ooo

CO CO ODOOCO

fOOO OO OOCO O

oooooin

CO CO OO CO CO 0 0

Successive Revisions of Orbital Elements for

Satellite 1957 Beta

By L. G. JACCHIA

Since the launching of the second Soviet It should be made clear that the orbital

earth satellite, the computation and analysis elements in table 1 are prediction elements, in

center of the Optical Satellite Tracking Program the form suited for the machine computation of

at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ephemerides. In view of the erratic accelerahas issued orbital elements, ephemerides, pre tion of the satellite in its orbit, no simple

dictions of latitude crossings, as well as station equation can represent its orbital position over

predictions on a continuous basis. The fre- any extensive period of time. Therefore these

quency with which these parameters are issued prediction elements should not be used to coindepends on operational needs; the orbital ele- pute satellite positions except for epochs very

ments are revised at intervals of about one week. close to the date at which they were released.

A selected listing of orbital elements for

Satellite 1957 01, determined at various inter- Preliminary orbital elements

vals is presented in table 1 It should be ^ No v ft 1Q57 o m houn j afte r ^ launch i

emphasized that two basic effects determine the Dn j c A Whk% L G Jacch i an d G Ve b

degree of revision necessary for successive dorive d ^ follow i preliminar y orbita l ele .

determinations of the elements. mentfl {m g^ ^ 195 ? Be U from y g § R

During the initial stages of orbit calculations, announcement 8 an d thre e optica i sightings:

a process takes place which has its closest

analogy in the mathematical process of succes-

 EP°«h

 »nd time of osculation Nov. 4.3952 UT

sive approximations. As more and better . (*t ascending node).

. , , , # L- i Inclination... i>-68T8±l0

data are received, the exact values of orbital Period P—103.6±0.05 min

elements can be determined with increasing Right ascension of node aO=m?0±0ri

accuracy. Eccentricity e—0.105

On the other hand, the orbit configurations Semi-m»jor axis (in equatorial o-1.1463

of a satellite close to a planetary body undergo ^ ^ of ^ ^ #,-44-+0T6/day

considerable changes with time. I he changes

in the values of the orbital elements evidence The successive revisions of the prediction

the effects of such factors as the oblateness of elements are given in table 1. Table 2 gives

the earth and atmospheric drag, and, in turn, the orbital elements derived from the prediction

lend themselves to a determination of these elements.

factors.

339
340 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Table 1.—Successive revisions of prediction elements for Satellite 1957 Beta

[t In year days")

Date of

revision

1957

Dec. 27

Time of

ascending node crossing

358.136965 + O.O7O279655n

-1.42032 x 10"6n

2

-A.252 x 10~10n

3

Right ascension

of ascending node

338T3-289 (t-358)

Argument of

perigee

40?0-0.2 (t-358)

Perigee

distance

Inclination

1958

Jan. 9 358.136965 + O.O7O279655n

-1.42032 x 10"6n

2

-4.252 x 10-10n

3

338T1-2.799 (t-358)

-0!00l9 (t-358)2

40?0-0.2 (t-358)

Jan. 16 358.20725 + 0.07028728n

-1.586 x 10"6n

2

-6.0 x 10" nn

3

 (n>0)

40!-0.2 (t-358) 1.034 65°

358.20725 + 0.07028728n

-1.290 x 10"6n

2

-6.0 x (n<0)

Jan. 22 386.06345 + O.O68973O5n

-1.714 x 10"6n

2

-1.138 x 10- 1 0 n

3

(t-386) 34°-O!3 (t-386)

-0!0Ol8 (t-386)

65!4

Jan. 28 386.06347 + O.O6898On

-I.636 x 10"6 x n2

x

Feb. 4 399.79521 + O.O68349n

-1.55 x 10~6n

2

-1.0 x 10-10n

3

1Peb. 11 Peb. 10.61309 + OdO68OOOn

-1.86 x 10"6n

2

-3.0 x 10"10n

3

1Peb. 19 Peb. 17.39430 + Od

067620n

-ld90 x 10"6n

2

-3dO x 10-10n

3

259°8-2!87 (t-386)

-0?0017 (t-386)2

34°-O?3 (t-386) 65!4

259?3-2!876 (t-386) 27!3-0!46l (t-386)

-0?00l7 (t-386)2 -OTOOO27 (t-386)2

I.031

201!0-2?944

(t-Peb. 10.0)

-0!0017

(t-Feb. 10.0)'

17l!O-3?OO

(t-Peb. 20.0)

-0T0018

(t-Peb. 20.0)2

19!4-0!44 (t-Feb. 10.0) 1.031

-O!OOO25 (t-Peb. 10.0)2

15"O-O!445 (t-Peb. 20.0) I.030

-OTOOO25 (t-Peb. 20.0)2

65:3

65t3

Peb. 25 Peb. 24.13890 + 0.067260n

-1?94 x 10"6n

2

-3.0 x 10"10n

3

159*l-3!OO8

(t-Peb. 24.0)

-0?00l8

(t-Feb. 24.0)

13°2-0!447 (t-Feb. 24.0) 1.032

-O!OOO25 (t-Feb. 24.0)2

65°3

l

The acceleration of the satellit e in its orbit is experiencing marked fluctuations,

presumably due to systematic variations in its effective cross-section.
SATELLITE 1957 BETA 341

Table 1.—Successive revisions of prediction elements for Satellite 1957 Beta (continued)

(t In year days')

Date of

revision

1958

2Mar. 4

. 10

Time of

ascending node crossing

Mar. 2.84610 + O?O6688ln

T

6

n

2

-1?91 x lCT6n

-3*0 x 10-10n

3

Mar. 9.51273 + OdO66436n

-2.44 x 10"6n

2

-6.0 x l0- 10 n

3

Right ascension

of ascending node

137?93!O33

(t-Mar. 3.0)

-0!00l8

(t-Mar. 3.0)^

115?2-3!l42

(t-Mar. 10.0)

-0T0028 _

(t-Mar. 10.0)^

Argument of

perigee

9?2-0!458 (t-Mar. 3.0)

-0?00027 (t-Mar. 3.0)2

Perigee Incllndistance ation

1.031

6?O-O?474 (t-Mar. 10.0) I.O3O7

-0:0004 (t-Mar. 10.0)2

65:29

65:29

Mar. 17 Mar. 16.13077 + 0.0659098n

-2.833 x 10~6n

2

-1.33 x 10"9n3

96:1-3:188 (t-E)

-0:0033 (t-E)2

-6° x 10"6 (t-E)3

2:9-0:48l (t-E)

-5:0 x 10~4 (t-E)2

-9" x 10"7 (t-E)3

1.0307 65:29

-6 x 10"5

(t-E)

-9 x 10"7

0

(W)2

2At the present rate of acceleration the satellite should perform its last revolutions

around April 17.

^Starting about March 3 .the orbital acceleration of the satellite has undergone a very

rapid increase. At the present rate of acceleration its fall is expected around

April 14. Under these circumstances predictions are becoming very difficult and

can be expected to be In error by many minutes after only a few days.

\ t the present rate of acceleration the satellite is expected to fall about April 12.

Table 2.—Successive revisions of orbital

data for

Date and time

1957 Dec. 27

1958 Jan. 9

1958 Jan. 22

1958 Jan. 28

1958 Feb. 3.795

1958 Feb. 10.613

1958 Feb. 20.0

1958 Feb. 24.0

1958 Mar. 3.0

1958 Mar. 10.0

1958 Mar. 16.0

Satellite

Eccentricity

0.08342

0.08342

0.0727

0.07296

0.0688

O.O659

0.0632

O.O582

0.0554

0.0510

0.0461

1957 Beta

Semimajor

axis

1.12810

1.12810

1.1140

1.1143

1.1072

1.1037

1.0995

1.0958

1.0915

1.0864

I.O8O5

Nodal

period

97.358

96.866

96.297

95.62

94.89

460132 O—58 11

A Chart for Finding a Satellite's

Distance and Elevation1

By J. W. SLOWEY

 2

Satellite observers often want to know the

conditions of visibility for an object, yet do

not have all the desired information. For example, an observer in Chicago may know that

at a particular time a Russian artificial satellite

is to pass directly over Pittsburgh, say, at a

height of 500 miles. He wants to know how

many degrees up the sky the satellite will appear

from Chicago, how many miles away it will be

at the time, and how bright it will look.

The graph on the following page provides an

easy way to obtain approximate answers to

questions of this kind. On it are represented

the four principal quantities involved in the

geometry of satellite observations:

Height (in miles) of the satellite above the earth's

surface.

Distance (in degrees) along the surface from the observer to the place where the satellite passes overhead

(sub-satellite point).

Range or line-of-sight distance from the observer to

the satellite.

Altitude or angular elevation of the satellite above the

observer's horizon.

Given any two of these quantities, the remaining two can be found from the graph

Perhaps the two most frequently known prior

to making an observation are height and distance. They are represented on the graph by

two families of heavy curved lines. The first,

giving lines of equal distance to the sub-satellite

point, runs from lower left to upper right; the

second, giving lines of equal satellite height,

runs from lower right to upper left.

Therefore, in our Chicago-Pittsburgh example, the observer knows the height, 500 miles,

and the approximate distance between the

cities, 400 miles. The distance must be converted to degrees, 1 degree on the earth's

surface being about 69 miles; therefore 400

1

 First issued March 1958 in Bulletin for Visual Observers of Satellites, No. 8, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

1

 Physicist, Optical Satellite Tracking Program, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

miles is nearly 5.8 degrees. Read up the scale

of heights on the right-hand edge of the graph

to the line for 500-mile height; then follow this

line to the left until its intersection with the

other curved line representing 6 degrees of

distance on the earth's surface (this is the

12th line from the right in that family). It

is easy to interpolate for the value 5.8 between

the curves for 5.5 and 6 degrees. This point

on the 500-mile height curve completely determines the situation geometrically.

Read vertically downward from this point to

the scale at the bottom of the graph, where we

see that the altitude of the satellite at Chicago

will be about 47 degrees. Next read horizontally to the scale at the far left, where the range

of the satellite is found to be about 660 miles.

It should be possible to interpolate with similar

accuracy at all points on Che graph.

The chart also provides a means of estimating

the apparent magnitude of a spherical satellite

from its range and the altitude. At the observer's zenith, the apparent magnitude of a

satellite illuminated by the sun when the latter

is below the horizon depends principally on the

height of the sphere, its diameter, and the reflectivity of its surface. Therefore, on the right

side of the graph there is a scale showing the

photorisucU magnitude of a satellite at the zenith.

This is evaluated for a 21-inch sphere of 80

percent reflectivity, about that of polished aluminum.

The observer will rarely see a satellite exactly

in his zenith, however, so the magnitude scale

must be corrected for the extinction or dimming

by the atmosphere, which depends upon the

altitude above the observer's horizon. This

correction to the photovisual magnitude scale is

shown at the top of the graph—for altitudes

above 45 degrees it amounts to 0.1 magnitude

or less and may be ignored for most purposes.

For altitudes of less than 15 degrees, extinction

343
344 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Range — LINE-OF-SIGH T DISTANC E IN MILE S

I *

i—i—i—i—r

Distance ON EARTH'S SURFACE

« O - N Zt * U>_

Height OF SATELLITE IN MILES

21 - INCH SPHERE PHOTOVISUAL MAGNITUDE, AT ZENITH

FIGURE 1.—Diagram for finding a satellite's distance and elevation.

increases rapidly and depends so much upon

the condition of the atmosphere (haze, smoke,

and the like) that magnitude predictions cannot

be made with any reliability.

For spheres of sizes other than 21 inches, the

correction to be added to the value given by

the magnitude scale is given by the expression:

Correction= —5 log (diameter/21),

where the diameter of the sphere is in inches.

Here are some representative values:

Diameter in inches 6 30 60 120

Correction +2.72 —0.77 —2.28 —3.78

A second correction, to be added for a reflectivity different from 0.8, is

Correction = —2.5 log (reflectivity/0.8).

Some typical values are:

Reflectivity 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.50

Correction +0.07 +0.15 +0.31 +0.51
Recent Orbital Information

In accord with agreements made for the

International Geophysical Year, the Harvard

College Observatory has generously cooperated

by printing and distributing important orbital

data on the Harvard Announcement Cards, a

rapid method of communicating information.

Information announced in this way since Jan.

31, 1958, is summarized below.

Special reference should be made to Announcement Cards 1389,1391, and 1392 (fig. I).

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1389

Satellite 1*57.1.— According to Dr L. G. Jacchis of the Astrophysical Observatory of the

Smithsonian Institution, the following ephemera represents with a fair degree of accuracy

the equatorial crossings from the time of the launching to 1957 D> cember 10, U.T, time

of the last reliable observation:

TO - 1KT Oct. ».WU8 (U.T.) + t-MMMIlii - 'tUC-..-. (MJta; - 1.7M I 10 VjptO O1OJ1,, - 1 Jt i ll-%,i l u »

«fl - SMI - lloU (t - Oct. 7.0) - O'OHI (t - Oct. 7.»>" (t ill tity,. C.T.)

These equations were obtained from an analysis of approximately 300 sub-satellite points

derived from visual and radio observations. The following elements were used in the computation of the sub-satellite points and nodes:

• -«•• - •'< (t - Oct. M)g q - cost. - l.MS auth'i muttonil ndii: i - Ml

The plane of reference is the plane of the earth's equator.

• represents the number of revolutions elapsed since Oct. 834335 (n - 0)

January 31, 1958 Fan L Wnm i

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1391

jarchia of the Astrophyaical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution his derived the following equatorial elements:

Epoch and osculation: 1967 December 17.18575 U.T.

a = 1.1311

e m 0.0876

i = to'fi

mil- 357 J

. m 430

Following is a list of normal values of the position

and time of crossing of the ascending node, as well as

instantaneous values of the nodal period and of the

precession of the node as derived from observations,

at intervals of 100 revolutions:

•1) Pll daO/dt

100

200 (18.74867)

300 25.88997

400 Dec. 300874

500 1009866

800 17.16675

700 2420737

800 3122018

900 1958 Jan. 720102

14.14905

2106338

27 944S0

1124 0071990

933 071766

(74.1) (071534)

560 .071292

071043

070795

070547

070277

069971

1000

1100

1300

(To be continued

SM

167

357 i

3382

3186

398 9

3791

3592

239.4

on BA.C 1992)

061645

069312

068977

068669

288

269

-271

-273

-276

- 2 79

-2.83

-2J 6

-2S8

- 2 90

/••brvory s. MM F M> L Warrru

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1392

(Continued from HA.C. 1391)

The acceleration of the orbital motion during this

time interval underwent marked fluctuations, presumably due to systematic variation! in the effective crasssectional area of the satellite. The precession or the

ascending node in the time interval from 1957 Nov.

to to 1968 Jan. 25X) amounted to 330 4 as compared

with the theoretical first-order value of -2215. computed using the above elements sad J - A163847. Since

a difference of 0.1 in i alone would cause a difference

of 0 8 in the total precession, the discrepancy can

easily be accounted for by the uncertainty in the present elements. The ratio d- 'd«n was assumed throughout to be 0.1604, the theoretical value for i = 66*4.

f rhrunry t, IM» Fun L. WHDTU

FIGURE 1.—Harvard Announcement Cards giving recent orbital information for Satellites 1957 a\ and 1957 Beta.

345
346 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS

The ephemeris derived by Dr. L. G. Jacchia

and published on Card 1389 depicts with a

fair degree of accuracy the life history of

Satellite 1957 a\. Approximate determinations

of any instantaneous location of the carrier

rocket of Satellite 1957 Alpha can be made

with the information given.

Satellite 1957 Beta is still in orbit at the

time of this writing, but the information on

Cards 1391 and 1392 fulfills a similar objective

within the limitations specified.

The results of Dr. Jacchia's preliminary

calculations with regard to Satellite 1957 a2

are shown on Harvard Announcement Card

1402 (fig. 2).

HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY

ANNOUNCEMENT CARD 1402

> 1*7.2.— Dr. Luip Q. Jacchia of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution

b u nude an analysis of the optical observations received at the Observatory and reports as follows:

Out of 45 observations of faint moving objects, only

21 can be safely attributed to 1957.2, and these refer

to 17 separate sightings—14 in the interval October

3-39, and 3 in die interval November 24-29. Subsatellite points were computed using the same values

of « and q u for 1957.1 (see MAC. 1389), and from

these, under the assumption of i = 653, equatorial

crossings were derived, which can be fairly well

represented by

T_ = 1857 Oct. 4.871S9 (U.T.) 4-0*WJ79ol n-7<4«

u

 X 10-* n* -* W X 10-" n1

• „ - 3343 - 3 06 (t - Oct. 7.0) - 0.0082 (t - Oct.

(n represents the number of revolutions elapsed aincc

1987 Oct. 4.87159).

Seven observations (five separate sightings) between

October 7 and October 34 yield values of . „ in essential agreement with the expression given above, but

the times of the equatorial crossings are off by 8 to

13 minutes and can be represented quite well by the

equation.

T = 1957 Oct. 4.87159 (U.T.) + MM07OS8 n - M45

X 10* n."

Since a chance alignment of wrong nigh ting, seems

to be highly improbable, the object (nosTcooeT)

has been tentatively labelled 1957.3.

March 10, 19S8 Fu» L. Winu

FIGURE 2.—Harvard Announcement Card giving recent

orbital information for Satellite 1957 <*2.
Bibliography

A number of articles and reports have now

appeared in print, presenting orbital information on the Soviet satellites. The list of papers

that follows includes the published material at

present available to us, but obviously it cannot

be considered to be a complete survey of the

literature published to date.

ANDERSON, R. A., AND KEAY, C. S. L.

1957. New Zealand visual observations of the

rocket accompanying the Russian artificial satellite. Astronautica Acta, vol.

3, p. 227.

ANONYMOUS

1957. Preliminary summary of U. S. S. R. satellite reports. National Academy of Sciences, IGY Bulletin No. 5, November.

1957. Second Soviet satellite. National Academy

of Sciences. IGY Bulletin No. 6,

December.

1958. Satellite talk. Sky and Telescope, vol. 17,

p. 129.

COUDERC, P.

1957. Le satellite artificiel. l'Astronomie, vol.

71, p. 431.

1957. Les satellites artificiels. l'Astronomie, vol.

71, p. 453.

DE JAOER, C. (Ed.)

1957. Kunstmaan-Waarnemingen in 1957. De

Meteoor, vol. 13, p. 53.

1958. De Banen van de eerste twee Kunstmanen.

Hemel en Dampkring, p. 197.

DUNBINK OBSERVATORY

1957. Rocket of the first earth satellite. Nature,

vol. 180, p. 944.

FEJER, J. A.

1957. Life-time of an artificial earth satellite.

Nature, vol. 180, p. 1413.

FRIEDMAN, H.

1958. Soviet satellite instrumentation. Astronautics, vol. 3, No. 2, p. 32.

HARRIS, I., AND J ASTRO W, R.

1958. Upper atmospheric densities from Minitrack observations on Sputnik I. Science,

voL 127, p. 471.

KoELLE, H. H.

1957. Sputniks and Vanguard: a comparison.

Astronautics, vol. 2, No. 5, p. 32.

MULLARD RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY

1957. Radio observations of the first Russian

earth satellite. Nature, vol. 180, p. 879.

NECKEL, H.

1958. A photographic observation of the Satellite

1957 Beta leaving the earth's shadow.

Nature, vol. 181, p. 257.

OBUBKA, O.

1957. Jaka je zivotnost drusic zeme? Rise

Hverd, vol. 38, p. 267.

PRIESTER, W.; BENNEWITZ, H. G.; AND LENGRUEBSER, P.

1958. Radiobeobachtungen des ersten kuenstlichen Erdsatelliten. Wissenschaftliche

Abhandlung, Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer

Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Band 1, Westdeutocher Verlag,

38 pages, Koeln und Opladen.

RORDEN, L. H., AND JATB, W. E.

1957. Russian earth Satellite 1957 Alpha, radio

and radar data and preliminary analysis

of satellite orbit prediction techniques.

Report of the Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif., December.

ROYAL AIRCRAFT ESTABLISHMENT

1957. Observations of the orbit of the first

Russian earth satellite. Nature, vol.

180, p. 937.

SCOTT, J. M. C.

1957. Estimating the life of a satellite. Nature,

vol. 180, p. 1467.

STANYUKOVICH, K.

1957. A Soviet scientist looks at Sputnik.

UNESCO Courier, p. 20, November.

SUMMERFIELD, M.

1957. Problems of launching an earth satellite.

Astronautics, vol. 2, No. 5, p. 34.

347

o