INVESTIGATION OF MERCURY DEPOSITS, CINNABAR CREEK

AREA, GEORGETOWN AND AKIAK DISTRICTS,

KUSKOKWIM REGION, SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA

BY F. A. RUTLEDGE

* * * * * * * * * Report of Investigations 4719

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary

BUREAU OF MINES

James Boyd, Director

Work on manuscript completed May 1950. The Bureau of Mines will welcome reprinting

of this paper, provided the following footnote acknowledgment is made: oReprlnted from

Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 4719."

November 1950
INVESTIGATION OF MERCURY DEPOSITS, CINNABAR

CREEK AREA, GEORGETOWN AND AKIAK DISTRICTS,

KUSKOKWIM REGION, SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA

by

F. A. Rutledge-,

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction and summary . .................. ........... 1

Acknowledgments............................ . 1

Location and accessibility . . ...................... 22....... 

Physical features and climate.................. . ........... 3

History and production ............................. . 3

Property and ownership ................................ 4

General geology. . . 5

Description of the deposits ............................. . 6

Lucky Day lode .............................. 6

Redskin lode .. ............................ . 8

Broken Shovel lode claim ...................... . ....... 8

Cinnabar Creek placer area .................... 9

ILLUSTRATIONS

Follows

Fig. 22Ze

1. Index map of Alaska .................... 2

2. Holitna River area..................... . . 2

3. Mercury deposits, Cinnabar Creek area .............. 4

4. Canary Gulch mercury deposits .. .. 6

5. Luc-ky Day lode.................................... 6

6. Cinnabar Gulch and Broken Shovel Gulch area .... 8

7. Cinnabar Creek placer area .... 8

i/Mining engineer, Juneau, Alaska.

Report of Investigations 4719
INTRODUCTION AND SUJMMARY

Mercury deposits were discovered in 1941 in the sedimentary rocks of the

Cinnabar Creek area, near the head of the Holitna River drainage in southwestern Alaska, by Russell Schaefer and Harvey Winchell of Sleitmut, Alaska.

High-grade float was found in both Canary Gulch and Cinnabar Gulch, and

indications of other deposits were found in Alder and Broken & ovel Gulches,

Schaefer and Winchell's exploration in 1942 and 1943 revealed placer deposits

of cinnabar along Canary Gulch. During prospecting on Canary Gulch, 3,600

pounds of ore was recovered from the detrital material on the Lucky Day lode

at the head of the gulch. When retorted, this ore was reported by the owners

to have produced 26 flasks of quicksilver.

During the summer of 1945, Wallace M. Cady and Charles A. Hickcox, of

the U. S. Geological Survey, spent 4 weeks mapping and investigating the

areawg/ Bruce I. Thomas and Harold C. Pierce, mining engineers of the Bureau

of Mines, examined and sampled several deposits in September 1943. Following

their preliminary examination, in view of the exceptionally high-grade

cinnabar present, additional investigation by the Bureau of Mines was recommended. A program of trenching, test pitting, and sampling to delimit

the deposits was completed during the summer of 1947 under the direction of

the author.

ACKNOWLEDGMEJTS

The field investigations of the former Mining Division of the Bureau of

Mines in Alaska daring-this period were under the general direction of

R. S. Sanford, acting chief, Alaska Branch.

Chemical analyses included in this report were made at the Salt LakeCJty

Experiment Station of the Bureau of Mines under the general supervision of

S. R. Zimmorley, Chief, Salt Lake City Branch, former MIetallurgical Division.

Analyses wore made by H. E. Peterson, metallurgist.

Acknowlegment is made also to Bruce I. Thomas and Harold C. Pierce,

mining engineers of the Bureau of Mines, for the preliminary examination

of the deposits. Special reference is made to the report by Wallace M. Cady

and Charles A. Hickcox of the U. S. Geological Survey.

J Cady, Wallace M., Quicksilver Deposits in the Cinnabar Creek Area,

Georgetown and Akiak Districts, Southwestern Alaska: U. S. Geol.

Survey Preliminary Report, 1944, 7 pp.

3838 -
Work on the project was greatly facilitated by the help of Russell

Schaefer, Sleitmut, Alaska. The author is indebted to Mr. Schaefer for

original sampling and sketches, past-production figures, and invaluable

assistance during the project.

The data on the results of sampling the mercury placer ground along

Cinnabar Gulch by the New York-Alaska Gold Dredging Corp., received through

the courtesy of James K. Crowdy, Vice President and Managing Director, is

also gratefully acknowledged.

LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

The mercury deposits of the Cinnabar Creek area lie in the southern

part of the Georgetown and Akiak districts on the divide between the drainage

of the Aniak and HolitnaRivers. Both the Aniak and Holitna Rivers head

in the Kilbuck Mountains of Southwestern Alaska and flow north to the

Kuskokwim River.

Figure 1 is an index map of Alaska showing the location of the Holitna

River area. The mineralized area is on the upper Holitna River, 85 miles

by air southwest of Sleitmut, or approximately 200 miles by the water route

up the Holitna River and its tributaries (fig. 2). The deposits are near

longitude 1580 50' W., latitude 600 45t N.

At ordinary stages of water during the summer, the Holitna River and its

upper tributaries are navigable by small power boats to within 20 miles of

the deposits. At moderately high stages of water, the tributaries can be

navigated to within 1 mile of the deposits by using a poling boat and outboard motor. The upstream trip from Sleitmut to the area requires a week

to 10 days, and the return trip about 4 days. The tributaries of the Holitna

River are blocked by numerous beaver dams, which makes progress difficult and

slow.

There are no airplane landing strips in the area. A small lake at the.

head of Gemuk River, within 15 miles of the deposits, is lprge enough for

small float ships, During the examination, ski planes were landed on the

divide between Beaver Creek and Gemak River, about 2 miles northeast from

Canary Gulch. If desired, a landing strip could be constructed at this

location without excessive cost.

Another means of access into the area is by tractor trails. One trail

leads from the head of Cinnabar Creek across the divide' and down Waterboat

Creek to the Aniak River, where it connects with the tractor trail up the

Aniak. This route was used by the New York-Alaska Gold Dredging Corp. when

they sampled the placer along Cinnabar Creek in 1943.

For the program of development by the Bureau of Mines, a D-4 tractor was

taken from Noga1ut, on the Holitna River, to the project area during the

spring of 1947. (See fig. 2.) The trip was made on the snow before breakup,

3838 -2-
°-74 /7S' /62'50'

HOIN RIVER /AREAC CR O

Figure 1. - Index map of Alaska.
MODIFIED FROM AAF PRELIMINARY BASE

SCALE OF MILES MAP 1180

NOVEMBER 15, 947 CAT TRAIL

Figure 2. - HoT itna River area.
and undoubtedly part of the route along the Holitna River would have been

impassable during the summer months. At the close of the project, the equipment was taken to the camp of the Poandori Placer Mining Co. on Cripple Creek,

The previously mentioned route made by the New York-Alaska Gold Dredging

Corp. was followed to the Aniak River. Unable to cross the Aniak River at

this point because of high water, it was necessary to break a new trail up

the Aniak nearly to the head of the river before a crossing could be made.

The route followed is shown in figure 2. If conditions had been known, it

would have been possible to pick a shorter and better route across the divide

at the head of Beaver Creek into the Aniak Valley.

PHYSICAL FEATURES AND CLIMATE

The area is characterized by low, moderately rolling hills, but sharp,

rocky peaks are conspicuous at a few of the crests. The hills are covered

with a mantle of moss, which overlies residual rock material of various

thicknesses. The gulches and upper creek valleys that drain the area aro

above timberline but support a thick growth of alders and scrub willows. The

lower valleys support a good stand of spruce.

At tho north end of the area is a large butte capped by olivine basalt.

Several other similarly capped hills are found in the Aniak Valley west of

this area.

Spruce suitable for lumber and mine timbers can be obtained along the

divide between Beaver Creek and Gemnk River, 1 to 2 miles east of the Lucky

Day lode, and also along the valleys several miles below Canary Gulch. The

majority of the trees are 1 to 1-1/2 feet in diameter, and the average height

is about 35 feet. The trees, being close to timber line, are heavily branched

and taper rapidly and are therefore poor for lumber.

Climatic records from the area are not available. The nearest recording station is at Aniak in the valley of the Kuskokwim River. Here the

annual precipitation for the 6 year period ended in 1946 was 19.74 inches,

including the moisture from 8 to 10 feet of snow. The mean annual temperaturo was 27.430 F. As the Cinnabar Creek area is about 1,300 feet higher

than Aniak, it is probable that lower temperatures occur at the higher

elevation. The "freeze-up" begins in September, and the "break-up" usually

occurs around the middle of May.

HISTORY AND PRODUCTION

No organized party had done geological reconnaissance work in the area

prior to the summer of 1943, and the upper Holitna River region was virtually

unexplored as far as its mineral resources were concerned.

Russell Schaefer and Harvey Winchell of Sleitmut located and sampled

the Lucky Day lode in Canary Gulch in the summer of 1941 and also located

placer claims on Cinnabar Gulch, Cinnabar Run, and Cinnabar Creok. Float

also was discovered in Alder Gulch and Broken Shovel Gulch.

3838 -35
In September 1941 Herschel Landru located the Broken Shovel lode claim

on upper Broken Shovel Gulch. He also located placer claims on Cinnabar

Creek below those of Schaefer and Winchell. During October of the same year,

Kenneth Deleray, engineer for the Bristol Bay Mining Co., sampled the placer

deposits of Cinnabar Gulch and the Lucky Day lode deposits. The local names

Cinnabar Creek, Cinnabar Run, and Cinnabar Gulch designate, in order, the

main creek, the main northern tributary, and its eastern tributary, as shown

in figure 3.

During 1942, Schaefer recovered 2,300 pounds of cinmabar ore from

detrital material from the Lucky Day lode and from it retorted 15 flasks

of mercury. In the spring of 1943, the New York-Alaska Gold Dredging Corp.

prospected and sampled the placer deposits on Cinnabar Gulch and Cinnabar

Creek. In the summer of the same year, Schaefer recovered an additional

1,300 pounds of cinnabar ore from the residual material of the Lucky Day

lode, which yielded 11 flasks of mercury. No ore was taken from the lode

itself.

PROPERTY AID OWNERSHIP

Tho mining rights of all the claims staked in this area were held by

three individuals, two of whom were partners. The following tabulation shows

the original ownership of these claims and their locations:

Claims staked by Russel R. Schie-for and Harvey Winchell, partners,

Sleitmut, Alaska.

Name Location

Lode Claims

Lucky Day Discovery Canary Gulch

Luck Day No. 1 Canary Gulch

Redskin Alder Gulch

Placer Claims

Discovery Cinnabar Gulch

No. 1 Below Discovery Cinnabar Run

No. 2 Below Discovery Cinnabar Run

No. 3 Below Discovery Cinnabar Creek

No. 4 Below Discovery Cinnabar Creek

No. 5 Below Discovery Cinnabar Creek

Claims staked by Herschel Landru, Fairbanks, Alaska

Name Location

Loade Claims

Broken Shovel Broken Shovel Gulch

Placer Claims

No. 6 Below Discovery Cinnabar Creek

No. 7 Below Discovery Cinnabar Creek

3838 4
* a* SCL OF MILS

,r * LIMITS -~~~~~~~~11 OF TIKCHIK ICE SHEET LEGECKY

*..: ALUIM;OIIN Gelg byW .Cd .A AATFO . S. ikx GelgclSre

F i * .u 

I~~~~~~~~~~~~GL4 . .e 3.. - Me rcu ry depo C iC ee

* 5 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~'I '

* S. * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ OD

* * *~t; : .* *:

*5**2*3,

* . ./~# .5.. *. 17

INEREDE GRYACK AN SHAL

ALLUVIUM * OLIVINE BASALT FLOW

Geology by W. M. Cady & C. A. Hickox, U. S. Geological Survey

Figure 3. - Mercury deposits, Cinnabar Creek area.
All of the aforementioned claims were recorded at the office of the

U. S. Commissioner at Aniak, Alaska.

GENERAL GEOLOGY

The following discussion of the geology of the area is quoted from

the report by Cadyg .

The bedrocks of the Cinnabar Creek area include a succession of interbedded graywackes, shales, argillites, and'lavas.

Most of these rocks are of Triassic age, but sediments of probably Cretaceous age crop out in the southwestern part of the

area. Some zones in the Triassic rocks contain considerable

chert, with minor limestone. The sedimentary rocks are intruded

by sills probably of Tertiary age. Most of the sills and flows

are of basalt, commonly porphyritic. A flow of rather coarsegrained, porphyritic, olivine basalt lies across the upturned and

eroded edges of the bedded rocks in the northern part of the area.

Some of the sills are hydrothermally altered to a light

pearl-gray rock, which weathers yellow-brown and resembles the

typical "yellow-rock porphyry" in the Sleitmut area. Some of

the graywacke also appears to be altered. The altered rocks

form a northward-trending belt about a mile wide and at least

6 miles long. Altered sill rock appears 'to be present more

commonly &t higher elevations immediately beneath remnants of

the rolling upland surface than at lower elevations in the

gulches, although this may be only because of better exposures

near the hilltops.

The general strike in the belt of altered sill rocks is

between N. 25° W. and'N., although the regional strike of the

sediments is northeasterly. In the belt of altered rocks the

dip in general is steeply west.

Frost-broken rock fragments mantle the hills to a depth

of as much as 5 feet, but the fragments are not far enough removed from their bwdrock sources to interfere seriously with

the tracing of geologic contacts Of "yellow rock" or float

ore. In the valley lowlands are deep alluvial deposits, which,

according to prospectors, contain cinnabar concentrations near

those places where they traverse the telt of altered sills.

The topography of the hills in the 'vicinity of the quicksilver deposits was developed during 'at least two cycles of

erosion; first, formation of a late matu're surface and second,

incisions to form youthful steep-walled gulches, leaving only,

remnants of the earlier surface in the't-olling upland areas.

. See footnote 2.
* DESCRIPTION OF THE DEPOSITS

Lucky Day. Lode

The Lucky Day lode deposits lie along and. near the head of Canary

Gulck, a small tributary on the left limit of Beavrer Creek (fige. 3 and 4).

Mineralization is of two types. Along Canary Gulch, the quicksilver occurs

as thin, sparse films of cinnabar associated. with quartz and stibnito along

bedding-plane faults, cross joints, and zones of brecciation in the graywacke and shale. A small amount of motallic mercury also is present..

Mineralization of this type has boon traced over an area 350 foot long

and 50 feet wide along the right limit of Canary Gulch. One cut 175 feet

long, paralleling the gulch, was partly completed before mechanical

failure of the tractor dozer precluded further developmont-by dozer trenching. The mineralized zone was exposed by several open cuts and in one of

the caved adits that was reopened, Three samples of th6 highest-grade

showings of this area were taken by the Bureau of Mines. The location of

these samples is shown in figure 4, and the results of analysis in table 1:

TABLE 1. - Analysis of samples, upper Canary Gulch

Width, Mercury, Antimony,

Sasmle f' eet percont Percent _ ; _ ~~~~~, .p!r- -

9....,.. 1.1 0. 31 0.16

l0...... 1.1 .18 .19

, E 1~.7 .07 11.15

The results of additional sampling of this deposit by the owners in

1942 are given through the courtesy of Russell R. Schaefer. Each sample was

taken over a sample length of 5 feet normal to the strike of the mineralized

area. Location of the exposures sampled is designated by the letters A, B,

C, E, and F in figure 4, and the results of analysis are given in table 2.

TABLE 2. - Analysis of Schaefer's and WinchollIs samples,

upper Canary Gulch. (Seo figs. 3 and 4)

Type of Mercury,

Sampl j opening percent

A-1...*Q Adit Trace

A-2 .. i do. o.o8

A-3.... do. .03

A-4 .,.00 do. .07

A-5.....I do. .10

A- 6..... do. .03

A- 7...... do. .03

3838 -6-
SAPL I=-

0 100 200 300 400

/ SCALE OF FEET

MAY 1947

Figure 4. - Canary Gulch mercury deposits.
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ ,-

0 l0 20 30 40 30 SHAFT A

SCALE OF FECT

MAY ~ 13, ~ 1047~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RA ~ AC~ SAML I

SAMPLE E 42

G1 CRAY // 9 WACKE

S/MP 3LEGEND 1/ 

SAMPLESAMLE6 SAMPLE 6 X eS - ~~~CINNA8AR MINERALIZATION

L BASALT INTRUSIVE

/ /| H GRAYWACKE

SAMPLE RESULTS

SAMPLE WIDTH MERCURY ANTIMONY

NO FEET PERCENT PERCENT

I II1 157 1.4

2 2.9 1.6 0.35

3 0.8 7.9 0.65

4 0.6 14.8 3.0

5 2.2 3.2 0.55

6 2.8 0 32 7 1.7 0.06 044

8 0.8 8.6 . 1.2

Figure 5. - Lucky Day lode.
TABLE 2. - Analy sis of Schaefeors and Win2c e ol I sgle

Typeof ;Mercury,

Saple topening pgrcent

B-1 'Adiit 13

B-2 .... do..

B-e... i do. .04

B- 4 . j do. .05

- 0~~~~~~~~~~~B-15..... do. .04

C-1 | ~do 002

C-2..... do. .01

C-3.....l do. Trace

C-4. j i do, Maco

C-5 ...0.i do. 0.02

Cdo. ; .05

C-70. do. .04

E-l.....t ? do. .10

E-2. .... do. .03

F-1..... Pit .55

F-2. l do. 12

This zone of cinnabar has boon sampled over a length of 310 feet and

has an average width of 11 feet.

The second type of mineral deposit is directly associated with the silllike intrusives of basalt in the graywacke near the head of Canary Gulch.

(See figs. 4 end 5. ) These occurrences consist off lenticular pods of nearly

massive cinnabar paralleling the intrusivos and narrow offshoots of lowergrade cinnabar mineralization along bedding-plane faults between the highgrade pods and the intrusives. All of the production of quicksilver from

this area has been obtained by retorting hand-sorted ore derived from these

small high-grade occurrences.

High-grade ore was revealed in two of the orgint1 test pits in the area

by Schaefer and Winchell. Part of the hand-sorted ore recovered by them was

from-theso pits, but the main production came from open cuts along a zone

of placer concentration below the deposits at the head of Canary Gulch.

A bulldozer trench was excavated along the strike of the ore zone during

1947 by the Bureau of Ivnes (sOO fig. 5). Of the six samples taken in the

mineralized zone, three samples were representative of the high-grade lenticular pods of cinnabar, and the reamining three were taken across the mineralized bedding-plane faults between the lenses and the intrusive, The mineralized material consisted primarily of cinnabar, stibnite, and quartz associated

3838 -7-
with altered graywacke and basalt* A small amount of metallic mercury is

present.

Only the northeast end of the ore zone was actually delimited. The

southwest end was inferred from the barren test pit 30 feet southwest of the

last exposure and the lack of float in the bulldozed trench. In all cases

where a mineralized zone of cinnabar was exposed in the area, a concentration

of float was found on the bedrock extending downhill from the outcrop.

Two shallow shafts were sunk on the ore zone to ascertain the downward

extension of the lenses. One lens measured 6 feet along the dip and the

other 4.5 feet. In each case the mineral deposit pinched out along the

bedding planes, as shown in the cross sections of shafts, (fig. 5).

Two samples were taken of a brecciated zone of graywacke near the south

end of the trench. These samples (numbers 6 and 7) contained metallic

mercury, a small amount of cinnabar, and some stibnite.

Another occurrence of interest, though not of economic consideration,

is a light-gray basalt sill on the ridge a short distance northwest of the

main deposit.

Redskin Lode

The Redskin lode claim (fig. 3) at the head of Alder Gulch was examined

briefly during this investigation, but the hiineral deposit did not warrant

additional investigation. The deposit is approximately 1-1/2 miles south

of the Lucky Day lode.

Mineralization at the Redskin lode is almost identical to that along

Canary Gulch. The cinnabar occurs as sparse films along bedding planes,

cross joints, and zones of brecciation in the graywacke and shale.

Broken Shovel Lode Claim

The Broken Shove-l.deposit (fig. 3) outcrops on the ridge east of Broken

Shovel Gulch (fig. 6) and to the east of the claim staked by Herschel Landru

along the gulch. This deposit lies in the watershed of the Aniak River

471/2 miles north of the Lucky Day lode.

Several shallow prospect pits were excavated by Landru in an attempt

to trace the float back to its source. The main showing (marked outcrop on

figure 6) is a narrow, irregular vein of quartz locally containing small

lenses of stibnite and minor amounts of cinnabar. Several smaller and less

persistent quartz veins are present and may have furnished a part of the

placer cinnabar in Broken Shovel Gulch.

3838 -8
0 ~ ~ ~ ~ /

0 0~~~~~~~~

0f - soo lC *\ 00~~

DI=SC LACERET

[ ~~Mdiid * from U. S. Geologia Surey ma

Figure 6. - Cinnabar Gulch and Broken Shovel Gulch area.
(/4f4

4CINNABAR GULCH

X - DISCOVERY L

1~~.,~ 4~~~~ I 4/q 3/ -J~~~~CAI I, 600 /e

e0 '\%o i.e} 

\\ s \

NO.~~~~ bU-tit~\q ' NT

TEST P IT N MI DEPTH MERCURY \O 4," KTHNTT CL N ING POUNDS SKETC NO TO CAL

NO. SECTION PER CU. YD. -,

40 10.5 0.84 C-P

45 14.0 0.34 \s *%

25 13.0 0.54 4.0,

53 10.0 0.00

25 8.0 0.42 4

45 7.0 0.00

65 5.0 0.00

I 6 5.0 0.27

4 0 6.0 0.36

7 0 5.0 0.40 COMPILED FROM INFROMATION

14 9.0 0.32 SUBMITTED BY J.K. CROWDY

42 5.0 0.40 MANAGING DIRECTOR

50 8.0 0.00 NEW YORK-ALASKA GOLD DREDGING CORP.

88 5.5 O.?21 NYAC, ALASKA

Figure 7. - Cinnabar Creek placer area.
Cinnabar Creek Placer Area

High-grade placer cinnabar was found along Cinnabar Gulch, Cinnabar

Run, and the upper portion of Cinnabar Creek below Cinnabar Run, and test

pits by Schaefer and Winchell traced the cinnabar to the cluster of test

pits shown in figure 6 upstream from the Discovery claim. As the pits

upstream contained only a minute amount of cinnabar, and the cinnabar recovered from the pits in the area was extremely angular and showed very little

signs of wear, it was supposed that the original source of the cinnabar was

within this area.

A 390-foot bulldozer trench was started by the Bureau of Mines to expose the bedrock across this area and if possible locate the original source

of the placer cinnabar. To accelerate excavation of the trench, a small dam

was built across Cinnabar Gulch and material loosened by the bulldozer was

ground sluiced from the trench. Maximum depth to bedrock was 18 feet.

No lode occurrence of cinnabar was found. Placer cinnabar was distributed on bedrock throughout the length of the trench, though the degree

of concentration varied. In appearance, the grains and nuggets are similar

to those found later nearer the head of the gulch. The source of the

cinnabar may be the altered basalt sill crossing the head of Cinnabar Gulch

and the narrow quartz stringers associated with it, like that outcropping

at the Broken Shovel lode.

Cadyl/ describes the placer deposits in the Cinnabar Creek area as

follows:

The known placer deposits in the area are in Cinnabar

Gulch and in the valleys of Cinnabar Run and Cinnabar Creek. They

consist of high-grade ore nuggets in alluvial material. The pay

streak, which heads in Cinnaber Gulch, is regarded as probably

typical of others in creek valleys not yet tested. Near the

head of this pay streak the nuggets, averaging about the size

of a walnut, are angular, but a claim length downstream, where

Cinnabar Gulch enters the valley of Cinnabar Run, they are rather

well-rounded. Thus, it is inferred that the bedrock source of the

cinnabar was not far from the head of the pay streak. Remnants of

a bench 40 feet above the bottom of Cinnabar Run, south of the

confluence of Cinnabar Gulch and Cinnabar Run, appear to have held

parts of a pay streak from which several large, well-rounded

cinnabar nuggets have slumped to the rim of the present flood plain.

During 1941-42 Schaefer and Winchell sank several test pits in the

valleys of Cinnabar Creek, Cinnabar Run, and Cinnabar Gulch to trace the pay

streak of placer cinnabar. The results influenced the New York-Alaska Gold

Dredging Corp. (Nyac) to prospect and test the ground during 1943, as shown

in figure 7.

The valleys of Cinnabar Run and Cinnabar Gulch are narrow, 100 to 150

feet wide, with steep slopes. Alluvium averages about 10 feet thick and is

composed of slide rock and washed gravels.

N See footnote 2.

3858 -9-

Interior - Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.