I 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 9671 

To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development 

activities of artificial intelligence at the Department of Energy, and 

for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SEPTEMBER 18, 2024 

Mr. WILLIAMS of New York (for himself and Ms. BONAMICI) introduced the 

following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, 

and Technology 

A BILL 

To provide guidance for and investment in the research and 

development activities of artificial intelligence at the Department of Energy, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Energy 

5 Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL2 LIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title LV of the William M. (Mac) 

4 Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act of 2021 

5 (Public Law 116–283) is amended to read as follows: 

6 ‘‘TITLE LV—DEPARTMENT OF 

7 ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL8 LIGENCE RESEARCH PRO9 GRAM 

‘‘Sec. 5501. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research program. 

‘‘Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing resources. 

10 ‘‘SEC. 5501. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL11 LIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

12 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 

13 cross-cutting research and development program to ad14 vance artificial intelligence tools, systems, capabilities, and 

15 workforce needs and develop artificial intelligence capabili16 ties for the purposes of advancing the missions of the De17 partment (in this section referred to as the ‘program’). 

18 In carrying out such program, the Secretary shall coordi19 nate across all relevant offices and programs of the De20 partment, including the Office of Science, the Office of 

21 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Office of 

22 Nuclear Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, the Office 

23 of Electricity, the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy SecuVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Oct 01, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H9671.IH H9671

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1 rity, Emergency Response, and the Advanced Research 

2 Projects Agency-Energy. 

3 ‘‘(b) RESEARCH AREAS.—In carrying out the pro4 gram, the Secretary shall award financial assistance to eli5 gible entities to carry out research projects on topics in6 cluding the following: 

7 ‘‘(1) The application of artificial intelligence 

8 systems to improve large-scale simulations of natural 

9 and other phenomena. 

10 ‘‘(2) The study of applied mathematics, com11 puter science, and statistics, including foundations 

12 of methods and systems of artificial intelligence, 

13 causal and statistical inference, and the development 

14 of algorithms for artificial intelligence systems. 

15 ‘‘(3) The analysis of existing and new large16 scale datasets from science and engineering experi17 ments and simulations, including energy simulations 

18 and sponsored research activities, and, as deter19 mined by the Secretary, other priorities of the De20 partment that utilize artificial intelligence tools and 

21 techniques. 

22 ‘‘(4) The development of operation and control 

23 systems that enhance automated, intelligent deci24 sion-making capabilities. 


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1 ‘‘(5) The development of advanced computing 

2 hardware and computer architecture tailored to arti3 ficial intelligence systems, including the following: 

4 ‘‘(A) The codesign of software and com5 putational hardware. 

6 ‘‘(B) Energy-efficient computing hardware 

7 and algorithms for artificial intelligence train8 ing and inference. 

9 ‘‘(C) Mechanisms to improve the energy ef10 ficiency of data centers, including relevant en11 ergy efficiency benchmarks for such centers. 

12 ‘‘(6) The aggregation, curation, and distribu13 tion of standardized datasets for emerging artificial 

14 intelligence research fields and applications, includ15 ing methods for addressing data scarcity. 

16 ‘‘(7) The development of advanced artificial in17 telligence systems for pressing scientific, energy, and 

18 national security applications. 

19 ‘‘(8) The development of trustworthy artificial 

20 intelligence systems, including the following: 

21 ‘‘(A) Algorithmic explainability. 

22 ‘‘(B) Analytical methods for identifying 

23 and mitigating bias in artificial intelligence sys24 tems. 


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1 ‘‘(C) Safety and robustness, including as2 surance, verification, validation, security, and 

3 control. 

4 ‘‘(c) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.—In carrying out the 

5 program, the Secretary shall support technology transfer 

6 of artificial intelligence systems for the benefit of society 

7 and United States economic competitiveness. 

8 ‘‘(d) FACILITY USE AND UPGRADES.—In carrying 

9 out the program, the Secretary shall carry out the fol10 lowing: 

11 ‘‘(1) Make available high-performance com12 puting infrastructure at National Laboratories for 

13 the development and use of advanced artificial intel14 ligence systems. 

15 ‘‘(2) Make any upgrades necessary to enhance 

16 the use of existing computing facilities for artificial 

17 intelligence systems, including upgrades to hardware 

18 and other resources necessary for developing, train19 ing, and evaluating advanced artificial intelligence 

20 technologies. 

21 ‘‘(3) Establish new computing capabilities nec22 essary to manage data and conduct high perform23 ance computing that enables the development and 

24 use of advanced artificial intelligence systems. 


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1 ‘‘(4) Maintain and improve, as needed, net2 working infrastructure, data input and output mech3 anisms, and data analysis, storage, and service capa4 bilities. 

5 ‘‘(5) Facilitate the development of unclassified 

6 and classified high-performance computing systems 

7 and artificial intelligence platforms through Depart8 ment-owned infrastructure data and computing fa9 cilities. 

10 ‘‘(6) Provide other resources necessary for the 

11 Department to develop, train, and evaluate advanced 

12 artificial intelligence systems and related tech13 nologies; 

14 ‘‘(e) TESTBEDS FOR NEXT-GENERATION COMPUTING

15 PLATFORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE.— 

16 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the pro17 gram, the Secretary shall establish at least one data 

18 center testbed for the development and assessment 

19 of hardware and algorithms for energy-efficient and 

20 energy-flexible artificial intelligence training and in21 ference. 

22 ‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the testbed 

23 established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 

24 carry out the following: 


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1 ‘‘(A) Test and evaluate new software, 

2 hardware, codesign of hardware and software, 

3 algorithms, networking, and other artificial in4 telligence-based technologies and applications to 

5 improve energy efficiency across the artificial 

6 intelligence ecosystem. 

7 ‘‘(B) Carry out cooperative research 

8 projects with industry, including end user com9 panies, hardware systems vendors, artificial in10 telligence developers, data center developers and 

11 operators, energy utilities, and other appro12 priate stakeholders. 

13 ‘‘(f) AGGREGATION, CURATION, AND DISTRIBUTION

14 OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING DATASETS.—In 

15 carrying out activities described in subsection (b)(6), the 

16 Secretary shall develop methods, platforms, protocols, and 

17 other tools required for efficient, responsible, and effective 

18 aggregation, generation, curation, and distribution of arti19 ficial intelligence training and inference datasets, includ20 ing the following: 

21 ‘‘(1) Assembling, aggregating, and curating 

22 large-scale training data for advanced artificial intel23 ligence systems, including outputs from research 

24 programs of the Department and other open science 

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1 entific artificial intelligence training databases and 

2 testing and validation data. 

3 ‘‘(2) Developing dataset documentation and 

4 metadata protocols and visualization tools, taking 

5 into account appropriate standards and guidelines to 

6 promote interoperability and consistency in docu7 mentation. 

8 ‘‘(3) Developing and implementing appropriate 

9 data management plans for the ethical, responsible, 

10 and secure use of classified and unclassified sci11 entific data. 

12 ‘‘(4) Identifying, curating, and safely distrib13 uting, as appropriate based on the application, the 

14 following: 

15 ‘‘(A) Scientific and experimental depart16 mental datasets. 

17 ‘‘(B) Sponsored research activities that are 

18 needed for the training of foundational and 

19 adapted downstream artificial intelligence sys20 tems. 

21 ‘‘(5) Partnering with stakeholders to curate 

22 critical datasets that reside outside the Department 

23 but are determined by the Secretary to be critical to 

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1 telligence systems relevant to the missions of the De2 partment. 

3 ‘‘(g) DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED ARTIFICIAL IN4 TELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR PRESSING SCIENTIFIC, EN5 ERGY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY APPLICATIONS.—In car6 rying out subsection (b)(7), the Secretary shall carry out 

7 the following: 

8 ‘‘(1) Develop innovative concepts in applied 

9 mathematics, computer science, engineering, and 

10 other science disciplines needed for advanced artifi11 cial intelligence systems. 

12 ‘‘(2) Develop best-in-class advanced artificial in13 telligence systems, model derivatives that support 

14 downstream use cases, and other technologies to 

15 solve pressing scientific, energy, and national secu16 rity challenges. 

17 ‘‘(3) Carry out cooperative research projects 

18 with industry, including end user companies, hard19 ware systems vendors, and artificial intelligence soft20 ware companies, to advance artificial intelligence 

21 technologies relevant to the missions of the Depart22 ment and mitigate risks associated with such tech23 nologies. 

24 ‘‘(4) In coordination with the Secretary of Com25 merce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, reVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Oct 01, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H9671.IH H9671

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1 search counter-adversarial artificial intelligence solu2 tions to predict, prevent, mitigate, and respond to 

3 threats to critical infrastructure, energy security, 

4 and nuclear nonproliferation, and biological and 

5 chemical threats. 

6 ‘‘(5) In coordination with energy utilities, State 

7 energy offices, data center developers and operators, 

8 and other key stakeholders the Secretary determines 

9 appropriate, carry out research to examine how arti10 ficial intelligence technologies may be impacted by or 

11 applied to energy supply bottlenecks, energy demand 

12 projections, site reliability challenges, and data cen13 ter operational flexibilities. 

14 ‘‘(6) Establish crosscutting research efforts to 

15 understand and mitigate artificial intelligence-related 

16 risks, including the establishment of unclassified and 

17 classified data platforms across the Department. 

18 ‘‘(h) SHARED RESOURCES FOR ARTIFICIAL INTEL19 LIGENCE.— 

20 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program, 

21 the Secretary shall identify, support, and sustain 

22 shared resources and enabling tools that have the 

23 potential to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery 

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1 sions of the Department relating to science, energy, 

2 and national security. 

3 ‘‘(2) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out para4 graph (1), the Secretary shall consult with relevant 

5 experts in the Federal Government, industry, energy 

6 utilities, academia, State energy offices, and the Na7 tional Laboratories. 

8 ‘‘(3) FOCUS.—Shared resources and enabling 

9 tools referred to in paragraph (1) shall include the 

10 following: 

11 ‘‘(A) Scientific data and knowledge bases 

12 for training artificial intelligence systems. 

13 ‘‘(B) Benchmarks and competitions for 

14 evaluating advances in artificial intelligence sys15 tems. 

16 ‘‘(C) Platform technologies that lower the 

17 cost of generating training data or enable the 

18 generation of training data. 

19 ‘‘(D) High-performance computing, includ20 ing hybrid computing systems that integrate ar21 tificial intelligence and high-performance com22 puting. 

23 ‘‘(E) The combination of artificial intel24 ligence and scientific automation, such as cloud 

25 labs and self-driving labs. 


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1 ‘‘(F) Tools that enable artificial intel2 ligence to solve inverse design problems. 

3 ‘‘(G) Testbeds for accelerating progress at 

4 the intersection of artificial intelligence and 

5 cyberphysical systems. 

6 ‘‘(H) Testbeds for testing and evaluating 

7 artificial intelligence-based technologies and ap8 plications to improve energy efficiency across 

9 artificial intelligence systems, in accordance 

10 with subsection (e). 

11 ‘‘(4) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Sec12 retary shall ensure coordination with, and avoid un13 necessary duplication of, activities to provide shared 

14 resources with the National Science Foundation, the 

15 agencies participating in the Interagency Committee 

16 established under section 5103 of this Act, and the 

17 Networking and Information Technology Research 

18 and Development Program authorized under section 

19 101 of the High Performance Computing Act of 

20 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511). 

21 ‘‘(i) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTI22 TUTES.—The Secretary shall support on a competitive, 

23 merit-reviewed basis not fewer than two multidisciplinary 

24 artificial intelligence research institutes pursuant to sec25 tion 5201 of this Act. 


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1 ‘‘(j) RESEARCH TO IMPROVE ENERGY PERMITTING

2 PROCESSES.—In consultation with the Federal Permitting 

3 Improvement Steering Council established under section 

4 41002(a) of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m–1(a)), the 

5 Secretary shall carry out research and development activi6 ties to evaluate the potential for utilizing artificial intel7 ligence to improve Federal permitting processes for en8 ergy-related projects, including critical materials (as such 

9 term is defined in section 7002 of title VII of division Z 

10 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 

11 116–260; 30 U.S.C. 1606)) projects, by building tools to 

12 improve future reviews and analyzing data from past envi13 ronmental and other permitting reviews to inform more 

14 flexible and effective categorical exclusions. 

15 ‘‘(k) RISK MANAGEMENT.— 

16 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall review 

17 agency policies for risk management in artificial in18 telligence related projects and issue, as necessary, 

19 policies and principles that are consistent with the 

20 framework developed under section 22A of the Na21 tional Institute of Standards and Technology Act 

22 (15 U.S.C. 278h–1(c)). 

23 ‘‘(2) TAXONOMY.—The Secretary, in consulta24 tion with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 

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1 ligence, the Director of the National Security Agen2 cy, and the Director of the National Institute of 

3 Standards and Technology, shall develop a taxonomy 

4 of safety and security risks associated with artificial 

5 intelligence systems relevant to the missions of the 

6 Department. 

7 ‘‘(l) STEM EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE DEVELOP8 MENT.—As part of the program, the Secretary, in coordi9 nation with the Director of the National Science Founda10 tion, may develop the required workforce, and hire and 

11 train researchers to meet the rising demand for artificial 

12 intelligence talent, including by carrying out the following: 

13 ‘‘(1) Providing training, grants, and research 

14 opportunities, including experiential learning experi15 ences for undergraduate and graduate students in 

16 advanced artificial intelligence systems. 

17 ‘‘(2) Carrying out public awareness campaigns 

18 regarding artificial intelligence related career paths. 

19 ‘‘(3) Assisting institutions of higher education 

20 to establish new degree and certificate programs in 

21 artificial intelligence-related disciplines. 

22 ‘‘(m) ADMINISTRATION.— 

23 ‘‘(1) RESEARCH SECURITY.—The activities au24 thorized under this section shall be applied in a 

25 manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the 


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1 Research and Development, Competition, and Inno2 vation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.). 

3 ‘‘(2) CYBERSECURITY.—The Secretary shall en4 sure the integration of robust cybersecurity meas5 ures into all artificial intelligence research-to-deploy6 ment efforts authorized under this section to protect 

7 the integrity and confidentiality of collected and ana8 lyzed data. 

9 ‘‘(3) ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS.—Taking into 

10 account the guidance issued pursuant to section 

11 10343(c) of the Research and Development, Com12 petition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19052(c)), 

13 the Secretary shall issue guidance governing the eth14 ical, safe, and responsible conduct of research activi15 ties funded by the Department and performed at 

16 National Laboratories and user facilities. 

17 ‘‘(n) DATA PRIVACY AND SHARING.—The Secretary 

18 shall review agency policies for data sharing with other 

19 public and private sector organizations and issue, as nec20 essary, policies and principles that are consistent with the 

21 standards and guidelines submitted under section 22A of 

22 the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 

23 (15 U.S.C. 278h–1(e)). In addition, the Secretary shall 

24 establish a streamlined mechanism for approving research 


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1 projects or partnerships that require sharing sensitive 

2 public or private data with the Department. 

3 ‘‘(o) PARTNERSHIPS.— 

4 ‘‘(1) FEDERAL PARTNERSHIPS.—The Secretary 

5 may request, accept, and provide funds from other 

6 Federal departments and agencies, State, United 

7 States territory, local, or Tribal government agen8 cies, private sector for-profit entities, and nonprofit 

9 entities, to be available to the extent provided by ap10 propriations Acts, to support a research project or 

11 partnership carried out under this section. The Sec12 retary may not give any special consideration to any 

13 agency or entity in return for a donation. 

14 ‘‘(2) PARTNERSHIPS WITH PRIVATE ENTI15 TIES.— 

16 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

17 seek to establish partnerships with private com18 panies and nonprofit organizations in carrying 

19 out this section. 

20 ‘‘(B) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out 

21 subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall protect 

22 any information submitted to or shared by the 

23 Department consistent with applicable laws and 

24 regulations. 


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1 ‘‘(p) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT.—In carrying out 

2 the activities authorized in this section, the Secretary shall 

3 carry out the following: 

4 ‘‘(1) Collaborate with a range of stakeholders, 

5 including small businesses, institutes of higher edu6 cation, industry, and the National Laboratories. 

7 ‘‘(2) Leverage the collective body of knowledge 

8 from existing artificial intelligence and machine 

9 learning research. 

10 ‘‘(3) Engage with other Federal departments 

11 and agencies, research communities, and potential 

12 users of information produced under this section. 

13 ‘‘(q) STRATEGIC PLAN.— 

14 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the pro15 gram, the Secretary shall develop a strategic plan 

16 with specific short-term and long-term goals and re17 source needs to advance applications in artificial in18 telligence for science, energy, and national security 

19 to support the missions of the Department. The 

20 strategic plan shall be consistent with the following: 

21 ‘‘(A) The 2023 National Laboratory work22 shop report entitled ‘Advanced Research Direc23 tions on AI for Science, Energy, and Security’. 

24 ‘‘(B) The 2024 National Laboratory work25 shop report entitled ‘AI for Energy’. 


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1 ‘‘(C) The strategic plan required under 

2 section 5103 of division E of this Act (15 

3 U.S.C. 9413). 

4 ‘‘(2) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 

5 one year after the date of the enactment of this sec6 tion, the Director shall submit to the Committee on 

7 Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 

8 Representatives and the Committee of Energy and 

9 Natural Resources of the Senate the strategic plan 

10 required under paragraph (1), and shall notify such 

11 committees of any substantial updates to such plan 

12 in subsequent years. 

13 ‘‘(r) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

14 ‘‘(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The 

15 term ‘artificial intelligence system’ has the meaning 

16 given such term in section 7223 of the Advancing 

17 American AI Act (40 U.S.C. 11301 note; Public 

18 Law 117–263). 

19 ‘‘(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ 

20 means the Department of Energy. 

21 ‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The term ‘eligible 

22 entities’ means any of the following: 

23 ‘‘(A) An institution of higher education. 

24 ‘‘(B) A National Laboratory. 

25 ‘‘(C) A Federal research agency. 


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1 ‘‘(D) A State research agency. 

2 ‘‘(E) A nonprofit research organization. 

3 ‘‘(F) A private sector entity. 

4 ‘‘(G) A consortium of two or more entities 

5 described in subparagraphs (A) through (F). 

6 ‘‘(4) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na7 tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given such term 

8 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

9 U.S.C. 15801). 

10 ‘‘(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means 

11 the Secretary of Energy. 

12 ‘‘(6) TESTBED.—The term ‘testbed’ means any 

13 platform, facility, or environment that enables the 

14 testing and evaluation of scientific theories and new 

15 technologies, including hardware, software, or field 

16 environments in which structured frameworks can be 

17 implemented to conduct tests to assess the perform18 ance, reliability, safety, and security of a wide range 

19 of items, including prototypes, systems, applications, 

20 artificial intelligence systems, instruments, computa21 tional tools, devices, and other technological innova22 tions. 

23 ‘‘(s) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

24 are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 


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1 out this section $300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 

2 through 2030. 

3 ‘‘SEC. 5502. ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY FOR DATA CEN4 TERS AND COMPUTING RESOURCES. 

5 ‘‘Not later than one year after the date of the enact6 ment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Con7 gress a report that includes the following: 

8 ‘‘(1) An assessment of the following: 

9 ‘‘(A) The growth of computing data cen10 ters and advanced computing electrical power 

11 load in the United States. 

12 ‘‘(B) Potential risks of growth in com13 puting centers or growth in the required elec14 trical power to United States energy security 

15 and national security. 

16 ‘‘(C) The extent to which emerging tech17 nologies, such as artificial intelligence and ad18 vanced computing, may impact hardware and 

19 software systems used at data and computing 

20 centers. 

21 ‘‘(D) Cost, performance, reliability, avail22 ability, space requirements, emissions, and sup23 ply chain issues for current technologies, includ24 ing renewable diesel, natural gas, renewable 

25 natural gas, fuel cells, nuclear energy, battery 


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1 storage, enhanced geothermal, long-duration en2 ergy storage, and other potentially viable tech3 nologies available to support regional data cen4 ter expansion and for backup power. 

5 ‘‘(2) Recommendations for the following: 

6 ‘‘(A) Resources and capabilities that the 

7 Department may provide to promote access to 

8 energy resources by data centers, advanced 

9 computing hardware and algorithms, and artifi10 cial intelligence systems. 

11 ‘‘(B) Policy changes to ensure domestic de12 ployment of data center and advanced com13 puting resources to prevent offshoring of 

14 United States data and resources. 

15 ‘‘(C) Improving the energy efficiency of 

16 data centers, advanced computing hardware 

17 and algorithms, and artificial intelligence sys18 tems.’’. 

19 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 

20 in section 2(b) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry Na21 tional Defense Authorization Act of 2021 (Public Law 

22 116–283) is amended by inserting after the item relating 

23 to section 5501 the following new item: 

‘‘Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing resources.’’. 

Æ 


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