BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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Suggested citation:

Boyd, R., and C. Green. 2018. A Framework for Improving the Effectiveness of the Colorado River Basin 

Salinity Control Program, 2018-2023. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 

National Operations Center, Denver, CO.
Bureau of Land Management

A Framework for Improving the 

Effectiveness of the Colorado River Basin 

Salinity Control Program

2018-2023

Authors:

Robert Boyd, Technical Operations Branch Chief, BLM National Operations Center, Denver, CO

Cole Green, BLM Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program Coordinator, 

BLM National Operations Center, Denver, CO

January 2018
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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BLM Salinity Control Program

Mission Statement

The BLM Salinity Control Program protects water quality by 

reducing the transport of salt and sediment from its public lands 

to the Colorado River within the Colorado River Basin. The BLM 

meets this responsibility through its mandates under the Federal 

Land Policy and Management Act to (1) manage public lands 

according to multiple use and sustained yield and (2) provide 

for compliance with pollution control laws or other standards or 

implementation plans.

Guiding Principles

(1) The BLM Salinity Control Program develops and maintains 

comprehensive and dynamic modeling tools to quantify the 

effectiveness of BLM management activities in retaining salt 

and sediment on public lands.

(2) The BLM Salinity Control Program is collaborative in nature 

and engages with various federal and state partners and 

stakeholders.

(3) The BLM Salinity Control Program requires information and 

data of sufficient quantity and suitable quality to assess the 

effectiveness of salinity control efforts and evaluate progress 

in meeting water quality standards promulgated under the 

Clean Water Act. 

(4) The BLM Salinity Control Program promotes efforts 

to improve awareness of its goals, capabilities, and 

accomplishments.

(5) The BLM Salinity Control Program recognizes the changing 

needs of the BLM’s evolving workforce and develops and 

distributes relevant training materials and supporting 

information.

(6) Since the BLM Salinity Control Program’s effectiveness relies 

upon watershed management concepts, the program interacts 

with numerous BLM management activities to minimize 

soil erosion and salt transport caused by surface disturbance 

across public lands.
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Table of Contents

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

BLM Management Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Purpose and Need for the Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Partnership Roles and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Framework Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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Executive Summary

The Colorado River is an important source of water for 

about 40 million people in portions of seven western 

states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New 

Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming). This water provides 

irrigation to almost 5.5 million acres of agricultural 

crops, sustains habitat for numerous aquatic and 

riparian species, and provides abundant recreational 

opportunities to residents and visitors. A variety of 

natural processes and human uses cause dissolved 

salt concentrations in the river to increase from about 

50 milligrams per liter (mg/L) near its headwaters in the 

Rocky Mountains to almost 850 mg/L near the border 

with Mexico. Excessive salt concentrations can result 

in substantial environmental and economic damages. 

Associated costs include loss of ability to irrigate 

some types of crops, increased water treatment costs 

for domestic users, increased water treatment costs 

for utilities to comply with Clean Water Act discharge 

permit requirements, and increased costs for industry to 

maintain boilers and treat water to meet manufacturing 

needs. Recent analyses by the Bureau of Reclamation 

indicate quantifiable damages from excessive salt 

concentrations are about $382 million per year.

Congress passed the Colorado River Basin Salinity 

Control Act of 1974 (the Act) to address concerns by 

water users about increasing salt concentration in the 

Colorado River, help resolve a longstanding dispute 

with Mexico about the quality of water delivered under 

an international treaty, and provide a framework to 

assist states with administering Clean Water Act 

amendments passed in 1972. The Act relies upon 

a unique partnership of federal and state agencies 

that continues to work cooperatively with numerous 

regional water management agencies, hundreds of local 

companies, and thousands of individual water users 

to reduce and maintain salt concentrations in the river 

at an acceptable level as determined by numerical 

water quality standards. As an integral component 

of the partnership, the Bureau of Land Management 

(BLM) is responsible for about 53 million acres within 

the Colorado River Basin and is required to reduce 

salt transport from these lands under subsequent 

amendments to the Act.

This framework identifies priority activities that the 

BLM will focus on from 2018 to 2023 to improve 

management effectiveness of the Colorado River 

Basin Salinity Control Program. Specific objectives 

include: (1) Continue implementing activities to reduce 

salt and sediment transport; (2) Develop additional 

capabilities to quantify and report effectiveness of 

management activities; (3) Strengthen partnerships 

and increase collaboration with federal partners, 

states, and other stakeholders; (4) Improve availability 

and access to monitoring data; and (5) Enhance and 

maintain technical expertise and project management 

capabilities.

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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Introduction

The Colorado River is an important source of 

water for about 40 million people in portions 

of seven western states (Arizona, California, 

Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and 

Wyoming). This water is used to irrigate almost 

5.5 million acres of land. The Colorado River 

also sustains habitat for numerous aquatic 

and riparian species and provides abundant 

recreational opportunities. The Colorado 

River flows more than 1,400 miles from its 

headwaters in the Rocky Mountains, through 

the Southwest, and then through a portion of 

Mexico before it discharges into the Gulf of 

California. A variety of natural processes and 

human uses cause dissolved salt concentrations 

in the river to increase along its flow path, 

increasing from about 50 milligrams per liter 

(mg/L) near its headwaters to almost 

850 mg/L near the border with Mexico. 

Excessive salt concentrations can result in 

substantial environmental and economic 

damages. Recent analyses by the Bureau of 

Reclamation indicate quantifiable damages 

from excessive salt concentrations are about 

$382 million per year. Damages include loss of 

ability to irrigate some types of crops, increased 

water treatment costs for domestic users, 

increased water treatment costs for utilities to comply 

with Clean Water Act discharge permit requirements, 

and increased costs for industry to maintain boilers 

and treat water to meet manufacturing needs.

Congress passed the Colorado River Basin Salinity 

Control Act in 1974 to address concerns by water 

users about increasing salt concentrations in the 

Colorado River, help resolve a longstanding dispute 

with Mexico about the quality of water delivered under 

an international treaty, and provide a framework to 

assist states with administering Clean Water Act 

amendments passed in 1972. The Colorado River 

Basin Salinity Control Act relies upon a unique 

partnership of federal and state agencies that 

continues to work cooperatively with numerous 

regional water management agencies, hundreds of 

local companies, and thousands of individual water 

users to maintain and improve water quality in the 

Colorado River.

BLM Management Perspective

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is 

responsible for about 53 million acres of public lands 

in the Colorado River Basin; this represents almost 

one-third of the total area of the basin (approximately 

155 million acres). The BLM has been a partner in 

salinity control efforts since the 1970s and has relied 

on a comprehensive, three-pronged approach for 

reducing salt transport to the Colorado River. This 

approach incorporates: (1) controlling point sources of 

salinity, such as discharges from abandoned wells and 

The Colorado River Basin covers portions of seven western states.
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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mines; (2) controlling nonpoint sources of salinity, 

such as by reducing sediment transport from past 

activities through a number of land management 

programs and watershed restoration activities; and 

(3) preventing nonpoint sources of salinity from 

ongoing, authorized activities through land use 

planning, permit stipulations, best management 

practices, and related conservation actions.

For many years, the BLM has lacked the capability 

to adequately quantify and report the amount of salt 

and sediment pollution prevented through erosion 

control measures. Factors contributing to this difficulty 

include limited understanding of processes controlling 

the transport of salt and sediment from terrestrial 

upland areas to tributary streams and rivers; variable 

and inconsistent management metrics for assessing 

effectiveness achieved by numerous programs 

contributing to management of public lands and 

natural resources; and lack of access to watershed 

and water quality models with sufficient capability 

and spatial resolution needed to simulate, predict, 

and assess impacts of management activities on such 

a large watershed with highly complex and variable 

characteristics. This lack of capability to quantify the 

amount of salt and sediment retained by management 

activities on public lands has been of significant concern 

to other agencies cooperating on salinity control 

programs within the basin. This type of information is 

important to understanding cumulative effectiveness 

of salinity control efforts towards maintaining and 

improving water quality in the Colorado River and 

evaluating progress in meeting numerical water 

quality standards.

Purpose and Need for the 

Framework

Through its Soil, Water, and Air Management 

Program, the BLM is developing capacity 

and improved tools needed to quantify the 

effectiveness of management activities in 

retaining salt and sediment on public lands 

and to assess cumulative effectiveness of 

salinity control efforts towards maintaining 

and improving water quality in the Colorado 

River. The priority for salinity control efforts 

will focus on reducing erosion and sediment 

transport to streams, which is consistent 

with the BLM mission to manage public 

lands under principles of multiple use and 

sustained yield. The BLM also has identified 

additional tasks and activities to increase 

the effectiveness of project management, 

maintain relationships with key partners and 

stakeholders, and improve communications 

and awareness of its salinity control program.

The Bureau of Land Management is responsible for about 53 million 

acres of public lands (dark yellow) in the Colorado River Basin.
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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Partnership Roles and Responsibilities

• The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control 

Forum was created in 1973 and is an organization 

comprised of members from the seven Colorado 

River Basin states. The Governors of each state 

appoint forum members. The forum provides 

executive oversight of salinity control efforts, 

coordinates with federal agencies on implementation 

of the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act, 

works with Congress on program authorization and 

funding issues, acts to disseminate information 

on salinity control efforts, and works to otherwise 

promote efforts to reduce salt loading to the 

Colorado River. The forum maintains a work group 

comprised of technical representatives from the 

states with a designated chair appointed by the 

forum. The work group studies technical issues, 

manages and tracks implementation of program 

activities, and coordinates efforts between states, 

federal agencies, and local organizations involved in 

the program.

• The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Advisory 

Council is a federal advisory committee created 

by the Act in 1974. The advisory council is charged 

with providing recommendations to the Secretary 

of the Department of the Interior, Secretary of the 

Department of Agriculture, and Administrator of 

the Environmental Protection Agency on matters 

related to implementation of the Colorado River 

Basin Salinity Control Program. The Governors of 

each of the seven basin states appoint advisory 

council members, which are generally the same 

members appointed to the Colorado River Basin 

Salinity Control Forum. The advisory council 

maintains a Technical Advisory Group to research 

issues and provide recommendations. The Bureau 

of Reclamation provides federal support to the 

advisory council.

• The Bureau of Reclamation is the lead federal 

agency and supports Colorado River Basin 

Salinity Control Program objectives principally by 

funding and implementing improvements to offfarm irrigation water delivery systems through its 

Basinwide Program, which provides grants to users 

in response to funding opportunity announcements.

• The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

supports Colorado River Basin Salinity Control 

Program objectives by providing technical assistance 

and funding to agricultural producers to improve 

on-farm irrigation practices through the NRCS 

Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).

• The Bureau of Land Management supports 

Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program 

objectives primarily by requiring and implementing 

measures to reduce or avoid surface water runoff 

and sediment transport associated with use and 

disturbance of public lands from authorized activities.

• The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supports 

Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program 

objectives by providing state and federal agencies 

with the scientific information, tools, and expertise 

necessary to administer and assess watershed 

management activities in the basin.

• The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service supports 

Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program 

objectives by providing expertise and oversight to 

ensure compliance with the Endangered Species Act 

for wildlife populations and habitats impacted by 

salinity control programs.

• The Environmental Protection Agency oversees 

implementation and maintenance of water quality 

standards for the Colorado River as promulgated 

under the Clean Water Act and delegates to state 

water quality management agencies.

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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Framework Objectives

OBJECTIVE 1: Continue implementing activities to reduce salt and sediment transport.

Many land use activities, such as livestock grazing, energy development, mining, recreation, 

timber production, utility transmission, and road management have the potential to increase 

erosion and sediment transport. The BLM attempts to avoid or reduce these impacts by using 

best management practices; incorporating terms, conditions, and stipulations in land use 

authorizations; and requiring actions to restore lands upon completion of authorized activities. The 

BLM also engages in many activities to restore degraded ecosystems that contribute excessive 

sediment and salts to Colorado River Basin watersheds. These activities include constructing and 

maintaining grade-control structures, spreader dikes, and retention structures; participating 

in emergency stabilization and rehabilitation efforts after wildfires; removing invasive plant 

species; conducting channel stabilization and other riparian enhancements; maintaining road 

culverts; remediating abandoned mine lands; and conducting fuels reduction treatments.

In support of this objective, the BLM will:

• Continue funding on-the-ground projects that reduce transport of salts and sediment to 

streams. Congressional appropriations direct the BLM to expend at least $1.5 million per year 

from the Soil, Water, and Air Management Subactivity in support of the Colorado River Basin 

Salinity Control Program. A priority for use of these funds is on projects within watersheds 

having moderate to high saline soils. Funding also is available through many other BLM 

management programs for related land management and watershed management activities.

• Continue efforts to comply with provisions of the Clean Water Act and other water quality 

regulations as mandated by the Federal Land Policy and Management Act. Examples of 

these efforts include ensuring authorized users of public lands obtain necessary permits when 

required, sharing water quality information with state regulatory agencies, and cooperating 

with the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum on triennial reviews of water quality 

standards submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency.

• Continue efforts to minimize the transport of salts and sediment from surface disturbances 

resulting from new and ongoing land use authorizations. Examples of these efforts include 

using appropriate stipulations and best management practices; reducing disturbance of 

additional land through existing land use planning practices; and managing to achieve land 

health standards.

OBJECTIVE 2: Develop additional capabilities to quantify and report effectiveness of 

management activities. 

Many BLM management activities occur on terrestrial upland areas located a great distance 

from perennial streams that discharge into the Colorado River. The BLM has lacked capability 

to quantify and report the effectiveness of its management activities in these areas because 

of many factors, including (1) the lack of acceptable watershed and water quality models; 

(2) limited understanding of processes controlling the transport of sediment and salt from 

upland areas to perennial streams; (3) insufficient water quality monitoring and soil chemistry 

data; (4) inconsistent practices and coordination between different programs working across 

administrative boundaries; and (5) decentralized data management practices.
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In support of this objective, the BLM will:

• Continue collaborating with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) on efforts to develop 

and refine regional watershed and water quality modeling tools needed to quantify and assess 

sediment and salt transport. The BLM and ARS initiated work in 2014 to develop these 

modeling tools using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model and the 

Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM). A working version of the modeling tools, 

with limited capability, became available in the fall of 2015, but additional work remains to 

calibrate, validate, and refine the models.

• Continue collaborating with partners, such as the ARS, USGS, NRCS, and universities, 

on scientific studies to improve understanding of sediment and salt transport processes. 

Examples of ongoing studies include a series of site-specific rainfall-runoff experiments to 

measure parameters needed to refine the APEX and RHEM modeling tools.

• Continue working with numerous BLM resource management programs on efforts to 

integrate available information into the APEX and RHEM modeling tools and to provide 

capability for quantifying and reporting benefits obtained by a broad range of BLM 

management programs. The BLM also has initiated a number of agency-wide initiatives 

to centralize data management for many programs, geospatially enable many legacy 

data systems, and develop additional data systems to meet new management needs. As 

information from these centralized systems and new data systems becomes available, it will 

be integrated into the APEX and RHEM modeling tools.

OBJECTIVE 3: Strengthen partnerships and increase collaboration with federal partners, 

states, and other stakeholders.

Collaboration between the BLM, other federal agencies with Colorado River Basin Salinity 

Control Program responsibilities, state and regional water resource management agencies, 

science partners, and other stakeholders is essential to effective watershed management and 

ensuring water quality standards for the Colorado River are maintained. The Colorado River 

Basin Salinity Control Forum, Advisory Council, and supporting work groups provide substantial 

capacity for coordinating efforts and maintaining effective communications, but the BLM 

maintains working relationships with stakeholders throughout the Colorado River Basin that can 

be used to advance program objectives.

In support of this objective, the BLM will:

• Continue attending and actively participating in Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum 

and Advisory Council meetings, work group meetings, Science Team meetings, and other 

relevant events.

• Continue efforts to identify additional opportunities, such as joint scientific studies, for 

collaborating with other Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program participants to 

improve understanding of nonpoint salt and sediment transport processes. Also, identify 

additional opportunities for using restoration and reclamation of areas on BLM-managed 

lands to support broad, cross-jurisdictional partnerships.
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

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• Improve access to BLM information through the BLM website and other media and through 

efforts to exchange information and reports through the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control 

Forum’s Work Group and Science Team, Advisory Council’s Technical Advisory Group, etc.

OBJECTIVE 4: Improve availability and access to monitoring data.

The BLM requires sufficient water quality monitoring and soil chemistry data in many remote 

areas of the Colorado River Basin to quantify and assess the effectiveness of management 

activities, determine if existing water quality standards are being met, and calibrate and refine 

the APEX and RHEM modeling tools to fully support management objectives. The BLM 

lacks sufficient monitoring data as a result of many factors, including: (1) variable performance 

metrics and management objectives mandated by the numerous programs used by the BLM 

to manage public lands; (2) a lack of resources to collect and analyze an adequate number of 

samples to fully characterize water and soil on 53 million acres of BLM-managed lands in the 

Colorado River Basin; (3) and a lack of resolution and types of information available through 

national soil survey and vegetation datasets.

In support of this objective, the BLM will:

• Obtain chemical analyses of water and soil samples from selected project sites on BLMadministered lands. This information will be used to help quantify the effectiveness of salinity 

control projects and develop and improve watershed modeling tools. The BLM previously 

provided funds to purchase analytical instruments that are located in an ARS laboratory; 

through in-kind services, the ARS will operate and maintain the instruments and provide 

chemical analyses of water and soil samples collected by BLM field offices. BLM field offices 

benefit from this partnership by not having to fund sample analyses, not having to procure 

services through separate contracts with commercial analytical laboratories, and receiving 

centralized data management of analytical results with quality control and quality assurance.

• Increase the number of Colorado River Basin salinity control projects funded through the 

Soil, Water, and Air Management Subactivity which include provisions for collecting samples 

needed to characterize site conditions, quantify the effectiveness of the project in retaining 

sediment and salt, and help refine and calibrate the APEX and RHEM modeling tools.

• Coordinate efforts with other BLM programs and stakeholder agencies to share common 

datasets, ensure relevant information is integrated into the APEX and RHEM modeling tools, 

and promote efficient data management practices.

OBJECTIVE 5: Enhance and maintain technical expertise and project management capabilities.

The effectiveness of the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program depends upon 

managers and staff in numerous state and field offices. Like many federal agencies, the BLM 

is experiencing a period of substantial workforce demographic change. As a result, there is 

significant turnover in managers and staff in many of these offices. The BLM recognizes there 

will be changing needs with its changing workforce, specifically in areas such as awareness of 

Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program priorities, basic training to build and maintain 

technical expertise and project management skills, and communicating and networking with 

other offices and stakeholders.
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

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In support of this objective, the BLM will:

• Develop relevant information about the Colorado 

River Basin Salinity Control Program and distribute 

to new managers and staff in state and field offices 

as part of orientation efforts. The information 

will be provided through a variety of methods and 

media (websites, fact sheets, social media, webinars, 

personal communications, etc.) depending on 

specific needs and communication effectiveness.

• Develop and deliver training to managers and staff on 

topics such as water quality laws and regulations, water 

quality chemistry and transport, use and application of 

watershed and water quality modeling tools, etc.

• Promote awareness of Colorado River Basin Salinity 

Control Program priorities, reporting requirements, use 

of consistent approaches and methods for collecting 

and analyzing chemical samples, etc., by developing 

and distributing technical support documents.
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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Summary

In addition to our multiple use mission, the Federal 

Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 directs 

the BLM to sustainably manage water resources 

on public lands and provide for compliance with 

federal and state antipollution laws, such as the 

Clean Water Act. The Colorado River Basin Salinity 

Control Act of 1974, as amended, provides the 

BLM with an important management framework, 

collaborative network, and programmatic structure 

for addressing salt and sediment issues—a serious 

economic and environmental concern in the Colorado 

River Basin. The Colorado River provides water for 

about 40 million users, supports billions of dollars of 

economic activities, and sustains riparian and aquatic 

ecosystems.

The BLM has been a partner in salinity control efforts 

since the 1970s and has relied on a comprehensive, 

three-pronged approach for reducing the transport 

of salt to the Colorado River that incorporates: (1) 

controlling point sources of salinity, such as discharges 

from abandoned wells and mines; (2) controlling 

nonpoint sources of salinity by reducing sediment 

transport from past activities through a number 

of land management programs and watershed 

restoration activities; and (3) preventing nonpoint 

sources of salinity from ongoing, authorized activities 

through land use planning, permit stipulations, best 

management practices, and related conservation 

programs. The BLM has lacked the capability to 

adequately quantify and report on the effectiveness 

of many of these efforts but is developing regional 

watershed and water quality models with sufficient 

resolution to address this need.

This framework identifies priority activities that the 

BLM will undertake over the next 5 years to further 

improve the BLM’s contributions to the Colorado 

River Basin Salinity Control Program. Specific 

objectives include: (1) Continue implementing 

activities to reduce salt and sediment transport; 

(2) Develop additional capabilities to quantify and 

report effectiveness of management activities; (3) 

Strengthen partnerships and increase collaboration 

with federal partners, states, and other stakeholders; 

(4) Improve availability and access to monitoring data; 

and (5) Enhance and maintain technical expertise and 

project management capabilities.

The mention of company names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or 

recommendation for use by the Federal Government.

BLM/WO/GI-18/006+1106
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN SALINITY CONTROL PROGRAM, 2018-2023

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