RITE. . Rise.
EXPLANATION
FAULT TRAGE ON TOP OF MUSKOGEE SAN
SPOIL PRODUCTIVE AREAS
£8
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e 2090 3220 4900 ep Y
a al
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in ph4
\ | \ =
eae, a a
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, $ 7 08 .
a7, s
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LA
RITE Ribe

FIGURE 5. - Thickness and Oil-Productive Limits of Muskogee Sand.


29

400 =
Leseno Rage
© on weeL
¢ 1OLE O1L WELL
300]
‘# ABANDONED OIL WELL t
+ oR HOLE V4
$ AIR-INJECTION WELL . a
Uyu # IDLE AIR-INJECTION WELL
zoof 4 ABANDONED AIR-INJECTION WELL
A) WATER-DISPOSAL WELL
— ‘@ IDLE WATER-DISPOSAL WELL s 7 <
% ABANDONED GAS WELL + ae
g 4 Roberts _#
= 109] 7 ca)
s LH
e ,
z ‘
3 .
:° « 2__4.900_2,900
; Soacesreer’
i 7) s 7h Collins 4 SCALE-FEET
3 LJ ge — 4
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alist Io a A re % nm
3/%| |¢ 3 3 3 4 3
alz a a Z 2
50 wera a z Fd Fd Fd
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9/8| |s : © lo le e
ao s{3\_ls z 8 fH 8 is
C 2
30 oy 3
IZ
aol fis Ly 336,000 BARRELS
PRIMARY cy AIR~GAS ORIVE W)
1 Mill Wye
ESTIMATED NORMAL DECLINE
136 5 20 38 30 33 a0 or *50 8

FIGURE 11. - Production History and Map of Tidewater Oil Co. Pressure Property No. 14.

T. 15 N., R. 18 E., which now belongs to Foltz Oil Co. (fig. 12). Oil produc-
tion from the lease had declined to about 1 barrel daily during 1941. A very
limited supply of gas was obtained by applying vacuum to the active oil wells.
Figure 12 shows the production history of the lease from 1909 to 1957, inclu-
sive. As a result of the gas-injection and vacuum operations, a peak rate of
about 5,850 barrels of oil was reached in 1945. By 1955, when injection was
discontinued, the annual production of oil had declined to 2,090 barrels. A
gain of about 20,000 barrels of oil was credited to the project.

Waterflooding

Aside from 2 one-well projects, 1 reported in connection with an air-injec-
tion operation and the second to be described later, the only planned water-
flooding project in the field was one initiated in 1956 by the Beebe Oil Co.
Details of this project are presented in the following pages.

Beebe Oil Co. Crekola Waterflood Project

Waterflooding on the Beebe Oil Co., Crekola project in sec. 12, T. 14N.,
R. 17 E., and secs. 6 and 7, T. 14N., R. 18 E., was begun in June 1956. In
the 333 oil-productive acres of the flood the main sand body is the Muskogee,
which has an average thickness of 27 feet at an average depth of 1,145 feet.
Also oil-productive in the flood area is the Timber Ridge sand, which has an


25

Muskogee field personnel generally agrees that differences are slight be-
tween samples of Muskogee and Timber Ridge crude oils. Timber Ridge oil is sup-
posedly lighter in color and of slightly higher gravity (over 40° API). To
either confirm or refute this general opinion of differences between crude oils
produced from the two Dutcher zones, 71 samples were placed in optical vials for
visual observation. In ordinary sunlight a wide range in density of color was
observed. As a result of this visual examination the samples were arranged in
groups as follows:

Number of
Group Color density samples Probable source
lee. ccc ccccceee 1 Timber Ridge
9 Do.
Light.. v Mixture
4 Muskogee
23 Do.
Tee eoeeces Opaquecceosece 3 Do.

Groups 1 and 2 include amber-colored samples, believed more representative
of Timber Ridge crude oils. In some areas both sands are open to the well bore,
and driller logs indicate possible oil production from Muskogee and Timber Ridge
sand. Groups 3 and 4 include samples of darker, mixed oil from these wells.
Groups 5, 6, and 7 include samples of dark Muskogee oil and possibly samples from
the stray sand,

Chemical and Physical Character of Water Produced

Production of water is not a serious problem in the Muskogee oilfield. Many
wells are either water-free or produce less than 1 barrel of water daily. Out-
side the planned water-flooded area, 80 oil wells produce about 60 barrels of
water daily - 50 barrels actually formation water. Eleven wells produce about 10
barrels of nearly fresh water daily, probably as a result of small casing leaks
or improperly plugged wells. At the age of the producing wells and with the num-
ber of abandoned wells, 10 barrels of extraneous water is very little.

Approximately 50 samples of produced water were collected from wells in the
Muskogee field. Mineral analyses of samples of brine and fresh water are shown
in table 5. The relationship between the total solids and the concentration of
the more stable metallic ions, calcium, magnesium, and sodium was used to identify
the source of a particular brine. Table 5 shows that the specific gravity of 9
Muskogee-brine samples averaged 1.056; the reacting values of calcium, magnesium,
and sodium averaged 4.55, 2.25, and 43.16, respectively.

The average specific gravity of 16 Timber Ridge brine samples was 1.086, no-
ticeably higher than that of the Muskogee sand. The average reacting values of
calcium and magnesium were 6.12 and 3.10, respectively, appreciably higher than
for the Muskogee brine. By comparison, the average reacting value of sodium for
Timber Ridge brines was only 40.70, lower than for Muskogee brines.

Since differences in concentrations of these metallic ions could not have
been caused by simple dilution, a separate source for Muskogee and Timber Ridge
brines must be assumed,


34

TABLE 7. - Summary of operations
Beebe Oil Co. Crekola waterflood project

Location - sec. 12, T. 14 N., R. 17 E., Well pattern - none.

and secs. 6 and 7, T. 14N., R. 18 E. Kind of water - fresh.
Sands flooded - Muskogee and Timber Ridge. Type of system - open.
Depth to top of Muskogee sand - 1,230 feet. First injection - June 1956.
Sand thickness - 27 feet. First increase - September 1956.
Top of Timber Ridge sand - 1,290 feet. Status - active.
Sand thickness - 22 feet. Gravity of oil - 41.3° API.

Area flooded - 240 acres.

Barrels
Production by primary method (333 acres) ..cccccccccccscccccccccccccces 608,985

Recovery per acre by primary method (333 acres).. 1,828
Water injected through Jan. 31, 1958.......eeeeee 383,554
Oil produced by waterflooding through J. 31, 1958 16,864
Recovery per acre by waterflooding to Feb. 1, 1958 (240 acres) 70
Oil production, by years, bbl.
Oil Oil Oil Oil

Year roduction | Year production | Year production| Year production
1909... 4,687 | 1922... 5,300 1935... 2,235 1948.... 2,096
1910... 97,371 | 1923... 4,764 1936... 2,208 2,255
1911...] 149,598 | 1924... 4,607 1937... 2,554 3,326
1912... 93,875 | 1925... 4,126 1938... 2,965 2,513
1913... 46,472 | 1926... 4,055 1939... 2,361 1952..0. 2,413
1914... 29,750 | 1927... 3,553 1940... 2,464 1953.... 2,206

1915...| 21,741 |1928...] 3,880 |1941...] 1,927 | 1954....] 2,105
1916...) 16,586 |1929...] 3,840 |1942...| 2,321 | 1955....| 2,352
1917...) 13,377 |1930...] 3,766 |1943...| 1,939 | 195aL/..| 3,995
1918...] 11,761 |1931...] 3,537 |1944...| 1,605 | 1957....| 13,397

1919... 9,380 | 1932... 2,637 1945... 1,639 -
1920... 8,692 | 1933... 3,132 1946... 1,911 -
1921... 6,263 | 1934... 2,829 1947... 1,938 -

Waterflood performance

Active input Cumulative
wells Active} Cumulative |water-injected:
Acres Timber} oil |oil recovery, oil-produced
Date £looded|Muskogee | Ridge| wells|bbl. per acre ratio
December 31, 1956 60 2 1 8 32 34
December 31, 1957} 240 6 3 10 66 23
January 31, 1958. | 240 6 3 10 70 23

1/ Waterflooding begun.


Surface elevations range from 720 feet (on top of the hills) in the
southwestern part to about 540 feet above sea level along the banks of Coata
Creek, which drains northeastward into the Arkansas River. Surface rocks are
of the Boggy formation and the Des Moines group of lower Pennsylvanian age.
The Bluejacket sandstone, comparable in age to the Bartlesville sand, caps
the top of hills in the southwestern part of the field. In this area the
rocks incline to the south and west off the Ozark uplift at about 250 feet
per mile.

Stratigraphy and Structure

Figure 2 shows an electric log, sample description, and partial core
analysis of a representative well.

According to Soyster and Taylor ,2/ the Savanna sandstone and the Winslow
formation of lower Pennsylvanian age underlie the Boggy formation in the
Muskogee-field area. Wells penetrated shales and sands to depths of 500 to
900 feet. Beginning at these depths is a series of limestones and calcareous
sandstones with interbedded thin shales; the series ranges in thickness from
70 to 150 feet. These limestones (known by the drillers as Muskogee lime)
overlie the Dutcher series of the Atoka formation. Below these limestone
beds and included in the Dutcher series is a series of calcareous sandstones
and sandy shales, quite variable in thickness and continuity - locally known
as the "shallow sand" and "bad-hole sand." These and a stray sand overlying
the Muskogee sand are sometimes oil productive; however the Muskogee and Tim-
ber Ridge sands below are the principal oil reservoirs in the field.

A contour map of the upper surface, on the top of the Muskogee sand (fig.
3) shows a series of anticlines and synclines running east-northeast to west-
southwest. Apparently some cross folding in a northwest-southeast direction
resulted in local closures both on the anticlines and the synclines. Details
of the structure are not understood too well because competent data are
scarce. A major fault, with the south side upthrown, parallels these anti-
clines in the southeast part of the field. Displacement along this fault line
is greater near the east edge of the field and lessens at the southwest edge
of the oil-productive area. Another fault strikes northwest, parallel to the
minor cross folding, and intersects the major fault. Displacements along this
fault are somewhat less than along the main fault. Another major fault indi-
cated on the State geological map ,© parallels the major structure along the
northwest edge of the field.

Figure 4 shows the structure and stratigraphy of the Dutcher sands as
interpreted from gamma-ray and electric logs.

5/ See footnote 4.
‘6/ Miser, Hugh D., Geologic Map of Oklahoma: Geol. Survey and Okla. Geol.
Survey, 1954.






40

CONCLUSIONS

The comparatively shallow depths of the oil-producing sands, the general
absence of water, and the good quality of the oil produced all tend to recom-
mend the Muskogee field for waterflood development. The moderate success of
several gas-injection projects and the early favorable results of waterflood-
ing on one project support this recommendation. Meager core-analysis data are
not unfavorable but are inconclusive.

On the other hand, the condition of the sand and the structure of the
Muskogee field are not generally favorable to waterflood development. The
wide difference in character and in the original fluid content of the produc-
tive sands has limited primary development and would discourage large-scale
secondary-recovery operations. Steep dips and faults through the oil-produc-
tive sands will affect movements of injected fluids and interfere with sec~
ondary oil production.

The authors conclude that several areas should respond to carefully en-
gineered waterflooding projects. Careful consideration should be given to
the local condition of the sand and to the structure of the area before such
development is begun.

U.S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 0 495769


Oil saturation of the cores cut in water-base mud range from 26.6 to 49.8
percent. Unfortunately, data are not available as to the portion of this oil
that could be recovered by waterflooding or the residual-oil saturation to be
expected after laboratory flood-pot tests. One laboratory has estimated the
residual-oil saturation after water flooding to be about 21.4 percent - a fig-
ure that seems reasonable.

Oil-Productive Limits

Oil production from the Timber Ridge sand generally is limited by thick-
ness and character of the sand, rather than by structure, except that the sand
is thicker in some structurally low areas. A total of 1,660 acres of Timber
Ridge sand scattered throughout the field (fig. 6) has been oil productive.
Water in structurally low wells in the southeast quarter of sec. 3, T. 14N.,
R. 18 E. limited the oil-productive area. The sand is shaly or absent to the
west of this water-saturated area. In a broad area along the northwest flank
and in other isolated areas oil production is limited by limestone-cementing
material in the sand.

Other Productive Zones

The location of wells that have produced oil or gas from sands other than
the Muskogee or Timber Ridge is shown in figure 7. The stratigraphic positions
of oil-productive zones above the Muskogee sand are shown in figures 2 and 4,

Upper Sand

The upper sands include one or more sand lenses lying 50 to 150 feet below
the so-called Muskogee limestone. In driller logs the upper sands variously
have been termed "gas sand," "water sand," "Hale sand," "Booch sand," or "salt
sand." Drill cuttings show one of these sands to be composed of white, coarse
sandstone with layers of gray shale. The maximum thickness of individual sand
beds is about 30 feet. Because the sand beds are not continuous over any ap-
preciable area, they are not considered important oil or gas reservoirs. Oil
has been produced from the upper sands in 5 wells along the northwestern edge
of the field and in 9 or more wells east of the field in sec. 36, T. 15 N., R.
18 E. Few reliable data are available concerning oil production from any of
the upper sands. Apparently, most of the wells were drilled in 1920, when the
oil production from 4 wells on one 160-acre lease was 11,000 barrels. In the
same year an adjoining 80-acre lease produced 1,670 barrels of oil.

Bad-Hole Sand

From 175 to 250 feet below the Muskogee limestone is a persistent layer
of calcareous sand generally known as bad-hole sand. Presumably this sand was
so named because the sand and chert cut drilling bits so much that it was dif-
ficult to drill a full gage hole. This bed, easily recognizable in gamma-ray
and electric logs, has been used as a marker for correlating the logs shown in
the lower half of figure 3. The bad-hole sand contains considerable limestone,
chert, and dense calcareous sandstone. In most areas of the field the sand is
too compact to contain fluids, but oil has been produced from at least four


160;

1
140
120
100
80}
60} LEGEND
@ OIL WELL
40} © IDLE OL WELL
L| i # ABANDONED OIL WELL
20 + DRY HOLE
“LI XX ABANDONED GAS WELL
yy ee ¥ IDLE GAS-INJECTION WELL
&
g ° 900 2,000
=
8 | 3 SCALE - FEET
gr = mr
3 z TO
g 20,000 BARRELS
g LJ 2 GAS-INJECTION
=
: Lr Q
3 3 & 4 gIe
Se Ky g a ro BY 2 Ri eee
+ 4 NS g SR
2 z =
% g g © glo
$
® % a) lo
g s} [Ss] 4
“t & alls,
4F & tY srs ae
6 RK} [ys
L 8) As
Tr) iH NS Y 2 g
$10,000 BARRELS [~ “| pie 8 = 3
(PRIMARY) 8 Q g
Ble: 7 N
ar S| EST marez Lime 2
oT 2 NORMAL DECLINE 5
s Z
— LJ )
~uU
o810 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955

FIGURE 12. - Production History and Map of Kreps and Shrewsburg Air-Injection Project.


CONTENTS

Introduction and summary....eeeecceeeeceve
Acknowledgments...
Discovery and early development
Geology. .cecccccrcccccccrceccceees
Location, topography, and drainage....
Stratigraphy and structure......
Muskogee oil sand......ccceee
Extent and thickness....
Lithology....secccceseee

Porosity and permeability.

Fluid content ..ccssssceccccccsccccccsescsscececs
Oil-productive limits.

Timber Ridge oil sand.....
Extent and thickness.
Lithology....

Porosity and. permeability.

Fluid content......o6.
Oil-productive limits...

Other productive zones..
Upper sand......06

Bad-hole sand..

Stray sand..
Production...sseoeee
History...cseee
Producing zones.....e
Production mechanism.

Gas expansion...

Gravity drainage..

Water drive.....

Produced fluids........
Character of produce

Chemical and physical character of water
produced......

Secondary LeCOVETY..cccescoecccesecccee
Air and gas injection.....ccccccececee
Tidewater Oil Co. air- and gas-injection

PLOJECES .cccececcccceccccecccceccsccece

Pressure project No. 14..

Washington pressure group

Kreps and Shrewsburg..
Waterflooding.....sseeeeeee
Beebe Oil Co., Crekola waterflood project.
Culberson, Johnson, and Willman....

SGEEERBEREBEEE os ssssr uuu


TABLE 3. - Chemical and physical properties of Muskogee-sand

crude oil, Muskogee oilfield

Tidewater Oil Co.
C. T. Foreman well 6

23

Depth, 1,132 = 71 feet.
Sec. 6, T. 14 N., R. 18 E.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Specific gravity, 0.825.
Sulfur, percent, 0.19.
Saybolt Univ. viscosity at 100° F., 41 sec.

Absolute viscosity at 100° F., 3.8 centipoises.

Pour point, ° F. below 5.
Color, green.
Nitrogen, percent, 0.044.

DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MINES ROUTINE METHOD

Stage 1 - Distillation at atmospheric pressure, 742 mm. Hg.
First drop, 27° C. (81° F.)

APL gravity, 40.0°.

Cut
Frac- |temper~ SPpoQrey
tion | ature [Per~|per-| 60/60 | °API,

fi

Refractive | Sp
index d:

ecific
lisper-

Saybolt
Univ., |Cloud
lviscosity |test,

No. | °F. |cent |cent| ° F. |60° F.|C.I.|Np at 20° C.| sion | 100° F. | ° F.
122 | 2.3[2.3| 0.646 | 87.5 | - 1.37033 126.9 = =
167 | 1.6| 3.9] .680 | 76.6 | 12)

212 | 4.7| 8.6| «711 | 67.5 | 17y} 1939435 | 120.7 | - -
257 | 6.9/15.5| .739 | 60.0 | 21 1.41171 127.6 - -
302 | 5.5|21.0] .759 | 54.9 | 23 1.42247 132.2 - -
347 | 5.4|26.4) .775 | 51.1 | 24 1.43173 134.8 - -
392 | 5.1/31.5| .788 | 48.1 | 24 1.43729 149.1 -

437 | 5.3|36.8| .804 | 44.5 | 26 1.44577 134.0 -

482 | 6.3|43.1| .816 | 41.9 | 26 1.45296 134.4 - -
527__| 6.6|49.7| .829 | 39.2 | 28 1.45973 137.8 - -

Stage 2 - Distillation continued at 40 mm. Hg.

392 4.6 |54.3| 0.838 | 37.4 | 28 1.46687 136.3 41 5
12...] 437 6.1 /60.4) .847 | 35.6 | 28 1.47055 136.7 47 25
13...| 482 5.8 |66.2 2859 | 33.2 | 31 1.47633 147.0 60 40
14...| 527 4.9/71.1| .870 | 31.1 | 33 1.48119 147.8 86 60
15... | 572 6.3|77.4| .882 | 28.9 | 36 - - 150 75
Residuum..... |21.8 |99.2| .918 | 22.6 - - - - -
Ramsbottom carbon residue; Residuum, 1.8 percent; crude, 0.4 percent.
Equivalent Conradson carbon residue: Residuum, 2.6 percent.

APPROXIMATE SUMMARY
[Percent | Specific gravity °APL Viscosity

Light gasoline...scccoeeeos . 8.6 0.688 74.2 -
Total gasoline and naphtha -| 31.5 743 58.9 -
Kerosine distillate.. «| 11.6 811 43.0 -
Gas OLl..sccesseccvee oe 15.7 837 37.6 -
Nonviscous lubricating distillate} 11.1 ~850-.872 35.0-30.8 50-100 ——
Medium lubricating distillate.... 7.5 ~872-.889 30.8-27.7 | 100-200
Viscous lubricating distillate... - - - Above 200
Residuum...seececsecceccece 21.8 +918 22.6 -
Distillation loss....ssssee 8 - - -



percent. Inasmuch as this oil saturation is intermediate between those of
cores cut in water-base mud, it may be assumed that the core was not flushed
by the oil used as drilling fluid. Laboratory flood-pot tests of only 1 set
of cores reduced oil saturation from 36 to 32 percent. Other laboratories
estimated residual-oil saturation of the core after flooding to be 20 percent
of the pore space.

Water saturations of the cores cut in water-base mud ranged from 33 to
46 percent of the pore space. Probable water saturation of the uncontaminated
formation is estimated from cores from 3 wells; cores from 1 of these wells
was cut in oil, and cores from 2 others were flooded with oil in the labora-
tory. Data on these tests are as follows:

oil Core Connate

Porosity, Permeability, saturation, water, water,

percent md. percent percent percent
18.6 50 42 32 1/32
19.8 252 36 45 2/17
16.6 29 Not determined 2/21

1/ Cored in oil-base mud.
2/ After laboratory oil flooding.

Only 3 wells reported water in the Muskogee sand; 2 were drilled in struc-
turally low areas; and the third, in an isolated area, was structurally low in
relation to offset producing wells.

O0il-Productive Limits

The oil productivity of the Muskogee sand is limited more by the character
of the sand than by structural position. The more prolific oil wells generally
were drilled in areas of thicker sand sections. Leases underlain by less than
20 feet of sand were short-lived and were soon abandoned. Only those leases
with sections of sand thicker than 25 feet have consistently produced oil in
commercial quantities.

In the absence of bottom or edge water, and with no widespread gas cap,
the oil productivity of a well could not be predicted from its structural posi-
tion. The quantity of shale or lime in the sand greatly influenced the initial
producing rates of wells. The oil-productive limits of the Muskogee sand (see
fig. 5) were fixed according to the productivity of the sand. These grading-
sand conditions were of primary importance in fixing the oil-productive limits
of the sand. Although future development may alter these limits in areas not
completely explored, the total oil-productive area will remain at approximately
3,200 acres.

In the oil-productive areas the top of the Muskogee sand is from 340 to
1,144 feet below sea level. Although the sand is badly faulted within the
limits of the field, faults had little influence on accumulation of the oil.
One possible exception is a structurally high area (minus-340 feet) in the
west half of sec. 1, T. 14 N., R. 18 E., where a fault limited lateral migra-
tion of oil to the north.


15

1500,

609}

H

H OIL RECOVERY (35 LEASES)
Ly 44,480,000 BARRELS

rf

TOTAL OIL RECOVERY
9,599,000 BARRELS.

2

OfL, THOUSAND BARRELS

YW ESTIMATED!

Pe

=
= ii a
1905 "10 15 20 25 20 35 20 "05 50 Es

FIGURE 8. - Oil-Production History of Muskogee Oilfield and Actual Oil Production
of 35 Representative Leases.

An attempt has been made to estimate recovery of oil from each of the 151
leases in the Muskogee field. Available production records indicated that only
for restricted areas were the oil-production histories of individual leases
similar; therefore, the field was divided into four areas in which the rate of
decline for individual leases was comparable. Beginning with oil production
during the peak year, the yearly percentage of decline for representative
leases in each area was plotted, and an average decline curve draw. This
average-decline rate was used to estimate the probable oil production of ad-
joining leases. Where production records of the first few years were not

available, estimates were made from a study of production-decline rates of
adjoining wells.

Producing Zones

Major oil-producing zones in the Muskogee field are the Muskogee and Tim-
ber Ridge sands of the Dutcher series, which have produced about 94 percent of
the total oil recovered. Minor oil-producing sands are the stray, bad-hole,
and upper sands, also of the Dutcher series. Productive area and oil-recovery
data for the Muskogee, Timber Ridge, and minor zones for each of the 151 oil-
productive leases are presented in table 2.


a

Planimeter measurements of 3 main and 13 isolated areas of Muskogee sand
show a total of 3,157 oil-productive acres.

Timber Ridge Oil Sand

Extent and Thickness

The Timber Ridge sand apparently was deposited in a series of troughs or
bars trending northwest and southeast. In much of the field these Timber Ridge
bars or troughs underlie the thicker areas of the Muskogee sand and bear ap-
proximately the same relationship to structure as does the Muskogee sand (figs.
4, 5, and 6). The Timber Ridge sand has a thickness of only 20 to 30 feet on
top of the bars and is absent between ridges. A maximum of 50 feet of Timber
Ridge sand was recorded in wells in sec. 8, T. 14. N., R. 18 E. Contours de-
fining the structure of the upper surface of the Timber Ridge sand show a
monocline with beds dipping about 500 feet per mile to the south.

Lithology

Drill cuttings of the Timber Ridge sand were available for examination
from only two wells. These wells, several miles apart, show the Timber Ridge
sand to be somewhat coarser in texture than the Muskogee sand, with angular
grains and less cementing material. Along the northwest edge of the field
and in scattered areas along the south, driller logs recorded limy sand or
lime at the Timber Ridge horizon (see fig. 6).

Porosity and Permeability

Three wells were cored through the Timber Ridge sand in the west-central
part of the field. In these wells beds with permeabilities greater than 1
millidarcy averaged 50 to 55 percent of the gross thickness. The Timber Ridge
sand generally is more porous than the Muskogee sand, with permeabilities
ranging from 63 to 503 millidarcys. Porosity of the sand ranged from 16.5 to
19.3 percent.

Fluid Content

Only eight wells scattered throughout the field are known to have produced
water originally from the Timber Ridge sand. These wells are not necessarily
structurally low, compared with the upper surface of the Muskogee sand, but they
are generally in areas where the Timber Ridge sand is thicker than in other
areas,

Analyses of cores cut in water-base mud showed water saturations ranging
from 22 to 50 percent. Any relationship between these water saturations and
permeabilities of the cores was not apparent. Unfortunately, data are not
available concerning water saturation of the undisturbed reservoir, either
from oil-base mud cores or by laboratory restored-state method. In view of
the higher permeability of the Timber Ridge sand than of the Muskogee sand, it
is probable that connate water of the Timber Ridge should be lower than that of
the Muskogee sand.

495789 0-59 -3


TABLE 4. - Chemical and physical properties of Timber Ridge-sand

crude oil, Muskogee oilfield

Tidewater Oil Co.
Peter and Rhoda Washington well 1.
GENERAL

Specific gravity, 0.823.
Sulfur, percent, 0.10.
Saybolt Univ. viscosity at 100° F.,

Absolute viscosity at 100° F., 3.5 centipoise.

Depth, 1,552 - 68 feet.
Secs.13 and 14, T.14 N., R17 E.

CHARACTERISTICS
API gravity, 40.4°.

Pour point, ° F., below 5.

40 sec. Color, green.

DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MINES ROUTINE METHOD

Stage 1 - Distillation at

atmospheric pressure, 751 mm. Hg.

First drop, 26° C. (79° F.)

Nitrogen, percent, 0.043.

cut Saybolt
Frac- |temper- Sum, |Sp.gr., Refractive |Specific} Univ. |Cloud
tion | ature |Per-|per~| 60/60 | °APL index disper-|viscosity|test,
No. | ° F. |centjcent| ° F. |60° Fi C.I.|Np at 20° C.| sion 100° F. | ° F.
122 1.7| 1.7] 0.640 | 89.6] -) - -
167 | 2.5/4.2] .665 | 81.3] 5.1) 1.37037 120.8
212 5.3] 9.5] .713 | 67.0 /18 1.40001 120.7 -
257 6.9]16.4| .740 | 59.7 |22 1.41150 129.9 -
302 5.6|22.0} .760 | 54.7 |24 1.42296 125.5 - -
347 5.8 27.8 2777 | 50.6 |25 1.43159 126.1 - -
392 4.9 |32.7 «788 | 48.124 1.43852 133.4 - -
437 5.5/38.2| .802 | 44.9/25 1.44543 133.3 - -
Deee| 482 5.7|43.9) .815 | 42.1 /26 1.45269 137.9 -
10... | 527 7.4 |51.3| 830 | 39.0 [28 1.45970 140.7 =
Stage 2 - Distillation continued at 40 mm. Hg.
392 3.0 /54.3] 0.842 | 36.6 /30 1.46616 136.2 41 15
437 6.4 |60.7 2849 | 35.229 1.46859 152.4 47 30
482 5.0/65.7] .859 | 33.2 |31 1.47524 145.5 59 45
527 5.3]71.0 873 | 30.6 |34 1.48047 - 83 65
572 5.6/76.6| .879 | 29.5 |34 . - 145 80
Regiduum,....|21.8|98.4| .916 | 23.0| ~- : - - :
Ramsbottom carbon residue: Residuum, 1.8 percent; crude, 0.4 percent.
Equivalent Conradson carbon residue: Residuum, 2.6 percent.
APPROXIMATE SUMMARY
Percent | Specific gravity APL Viscosity
Light gasoline...ccccccccceccccce 9.5 0.687 74.5 -
Total gasoline and naphtha.......| 32.7 3742 59.2 -
Kerosine distillate.. o| 11.2 809 43.4 -
Gas Oi]. .scecccccccccecce eee} 15.2 838 37.4 -
Nonviscous lubricating distillate| 10.8 851-.875 34.8-30.2 50-100
Medium lubricating distillate.... 6.7 875=.882 30.2-28.9 | 100-200
Viscous lubricating distillate - - - Above 200
Residuum...sccccccccee eee 21.8 2916 23.0 -
Distillation loss.. 1.6 - = -





TABLE 1. - Field and production data, Muskogee oilfield

GENERAL
Discovery datecsecccccccccccccsscecescessscccoe
Average depth to top of Muskogee sand..ceacee
Average thickness of sand.....06
Productive area..ccccescescccoce eee-acres 4,436
Total wells drilled to Jan. 1, 1958....... seeee 1,100
Active producing wells, Jan. 1, 1958...sccccsscscesessccsesecsece 83
RESERVOIR DATA
(Muskogee and Timber Ridge sands)

soecccecece 1,894
feet 1,300
seeecedon 25.5

Average effective porosity, range....ccccccecceececcocees percent | 8.0-19.0
Average permeability.... cece millidarcys 10.0
Stock-tank oil gravity ecccee eecccccccceee” APL 40.9
Viscosity of reservoir O11... eeeccccccccceccecceses centipoises 3.5
PRODUCTION DATA
(Muskogee and Timber Ridge sands)
Average initial oil production, per well per day «bbl. 100
Maximum yearly oil production, 1910.......06 ebbl. |1,340,000
Yearly oil production, 1957....c066 ebbl. 62,241
Average daily oil production, 1957.. ebbl. 171
Average daily water production, 1957..... eccceccceccecebbl, 60

RECOVERY

Muskogee sand (3,157 acres)
Cumulative oil production to Jan. 1, 1958..
Oil recovery to Jan. 1, 1958..cecccccceccee

Timber Ridge sand (1,660 acres)

Cumulative oil production to Jan. 1, 1958....
Oil recovery to Jan. 1, 1958..c.cccccccccecee

Other sands (390 acres)

Cumulative oil production to Jan. 1, 1958.....eecceeeeeoeeedbl. 173,400
Oil recovery to Jan. 1, 1958....ssceccecccceeseeeebbl. per acre 445

Field total (4,436 acres)

Oil production to Jan. 1, 1958....
Qil recovery to Jan. 1, 1958......

eccecceceeebbl. | 6,509,400
«ebbl. per acre 2,062

soesecescoebbl. | 2,996,400
«bbl. per acre 1,805

soecccccccccecsoebbl. | 9,599,200
esecoesedbl. per acre 2,166

Absence of an adequate water drive and evidence of gravity drainage in-
dicate that much oil has not been recovered from many parts of the Muskogee
field. Results of laboratory tests on oil samples and X-ray examination of
clay minerals in the oil sands show that the Muskogee and Timber Ridge sands
are susceptible to waterflooding. This is substantiated by the preliminary
results of waterflooding a lease in the western part of the field. Oil pro-
duction from the flood increased from 173 barrels in May 1956 to 1,830 bar-
rels in October 1957. Air and gas injection, applied with moderate success
in a few areas, indicates the possibility of recovering additional oil by
this method.

This study showed that approximately 850 acres in the Muskogee and Tim-
ber Ridge sands in the Muskogee field are favorable for waterflood develop-
ment. A larger area should profit from systematic injection of air or gas.


01, THOUSAND BARRELS

Ll
RITE.
yoreye LEGEND
t rosy He om weee
a x s # ABANDONED OIL WELL.
© 601900
a _ ScaveFeev
L. Ly rs
LL} “pa ——— —— “>
208,000 Bannens Lisrwareo noma scc.ne)
1910 "is 20 Bry “30 38 0 ‘as 30 3
FIGURE 9. - Oil-Production History of a Representative Lease
Producing From Muskogee Sand.
seo + .
Awe.
20 rs 3]
,
’
eo} .
‘ x
“4
wd i ly ey “
LEGEND
© on weu
# ove o1 went
24 # ABANDONED O1L WELL
g + ony HOLE
3
2 7 a
2 4 a
: i
z \
4+] |
N
LL ceraparee nome betes |
A peraiaren Moma! Pe
Ct OTT
161,000 BARRELS Sou
A . ma
1310 ‘3 ‘20 ts ‘30 38 40 “8 "50 "38

FIGURE 10. - Oil-Production History of Representative Leases
Producing From Timber Ridge Sand.

al


TABLE 2. - Oil-recovery data to January 1

1958, by leases and producing formations, Muskogee oilfield (Con.)

Year
Lease first oil| Total Muskogee sand Timber Ridge sand Upper sand r
No.t/| operator_and 1ease2/ sold Status barrels [Acres [Acre-feet| Barrels [Acres [Acre-feet| Barrels |Acres|Acre-feet| Barrels
E. (Con.):
93] Beebe - Wilson...sesseeeeeee | 1910 «| 41,900] 16.9 254 16,500 | 24.5 434 25,400| = - -
94| Beebe - Fewel. seseee | 1910 +] 164;500] 73.7) 1,374 | 125,200 | 30.4 371 31,300] 10.0] 220 8,000
95| Burkan - C. Washington, . 1910 . 143,800 94.0 2,919 143,800 - - - - - -
96| Tidewater - L. Collins...... | 1908 + | 174,700 | 51.3 809 | 104,300 | 42.8 546 70,400 | = - -
Sec. 8
97| EB. Highfill - B. Seibold.... | 1908 |Active......-.| 319,700 | 76.9) 3,229 | 245,500 | 35.9 963 74,200 | = - -
98 | Weiss ~ Stephen: + | 1907 |abandoned-1936| 237,900 | 39.2] 1,137 | 170,600 | 14.6 435, 67,300 | = - -
99| Weiss - Seibold T] 1908 | do. seeseeeee} 151,000} 27.3/ 1,040 | 136,000 | 10.0 116 15,000 | ~ - -
100 | Weeks ~ Seibold + | 1908 |Abandoned-1919 6,700 | 10.3 464 6,700 | = - > - - -
101! N. P. O11 Co. - Nels + | 1909 JActive....ee++| 3/155,100 | 58.8] 1,250 48,100 | 30.6] 1,321 | 3/107,000| - - -
102| Wachob Bros, = Nelson Fee... 1909 See No,101 - . . 36.9 1,506 |See No.101 - - -
103| Rippy O11 Co. - Bradley..... | 1908 | do. ssseseeee| 205,300] 45.9] 2,458 | 139,300 | 49.1] 1,157 66,000] ~ - -
104| Hutchinson = L. Evans....... | 1908 |Abandoned-1923| 71,500] - - - 36.6 883 71,500] = - -
sec. 9
105| Dytert - G. Holden, + | 1908 |Abandoned-1925| 16,200] 8.1 128 6,200 | 8.1 235 10,000| = - -
106| Foltz - G. Holden, . 1920 23,400 12.8 255 11,200 14.8 297 12,200 . - =
107| Wachob Bros. - Bradley...... | 1908 158,400} 29.0| 1,142 73,100 | 43.4] 1,350 85,300] ~ - -
108} Success - Seibold. . 1907 senda 5,900 - = = 16.5 377 5,900) - - -
109] Tidewater - Seibold No. 1... | 1910 |Abandoned-1932| 27,600] 23.4 542 27,600 | = - - - - -
110} Tidewater - Seibold No. 2... 1907 357,700 8.6 343 114,400 30.4 739 243,300] = - -
111] Bracken - R. Webster . 1907 17,100 65.9 2,366 14,100 5.1 133 1,000} 10.0 500 2,000
112| G. H. Johnson - W. Wiley.... | 1920 15,700| 21.8 458 11,200 | 28.8 212 4,500] = > -
Sec. 10:
113) C. H. Colpitt - Durham...... | 1920 |Abandoned-1956|  35,000| 19.2 402 25,000 | - - - 15.0] 405 10,000
114| H. L. Jolly - 7. Barnett.... | 1920 | do. . 39,600] 9.0 285 33,400 | = - - 10.0] 100 6,200
115) Eastern - T. Barnett . 1920 Abandoned-1927 3,200 13.9 194 3,200 - - - - - -
116) Powell et . 1918 | Abandoned-1925 1,600 21.5 445 1,600 - - - - - -
117| §. McPherson = R. Barnett... | 1920 | Abandoned-1926 2,900; = - - 10.0 50 2,900] - - -
118 tenes 1918 do. . . 4,000 - - - 25.6 314 4,000 - - -
Sec.
119] C. C. Wachob = Callahan. 1920 | Abandoned-1925 5,000 - - 13.4 187 5,000] - - -
120 C. Wachob ~ Scott 1921 do. . aes 800 . . 44 6l 800 - - -
Sec. 15:
121| S. McPherson - Smith........ | 1911 | Abandoned~1923 900] 13.4 403 goo | - - - - - -
Sec. 16:
122| J. McDonald - Dougla: 1916 | Abandoned=1931 6,700; 9.3 204 4,500 | 10.4 84 2,200] - - -
123| Bracken ~ R. Webster 1909 |Active....eee-| 82,500} 38.0/ 1,854 82,500 | - - - - -
Sec. 18:
124| D and G = J. Collins + | 1929. | Abandoned-1931 600| 21.0 735 600 | - - - - - -
125] Mercantile - G. Washington., 1922 | Abandoned-1925 1,100 17.5 644 1,100 - - - - - -
T. 14 R. 17 E.:
Sec.
126) Tenn. - Six - Parks | 1914 |Abandoned-1934| 3/63,000 882 | 3/53,000 | - - - - - -
127| T & 0 ~ Parks 2] 1914 Ise No.126 870 |see No.126 | - - - 25.0| 1,055 10,000
128| Haner - Parks... + | 191s 4 242 do. - - - > - -
129| Arthur - A. Teumbo | 1910 592 44,200 | ~ - - - - -
130! arthur - Seibold. 1] i519 |Absndoned-i939 22,600 796 22,600 | - - - - - -
Sec. 10:
131| Blair - Jackson. . 1911 | Abandoned-1926 62,700 - - - 53.3 352 62,700 - - -
132] Prairie - P. Woodward. 1911 | Abandoned~1918 3,900 - - - 73 55 3,900 - - -



TABLES

Field and production data.......

Oil-recovery data to January 1, 1958, by leases and
producing formations..cceceeee

Chemical and physical properties of Muskogee-sand
crude OLL...cceseeees

Chemical and physical properties of Timber Ridge~sand
crude oil...

Chemical and physical properties of waterS....secseooe

Performance data, Tidewater Oil Co., Pressure Prop-

erty No. Lb. .cccvcccccccvevccccsceccvcccssccessseccs

Summary of operations, Beebe Oil Co. Crekola water-
E£lood project .ccccccccecccecccccvcececscevessvcecece

iit

Page

2

16

23

2k
26

28

3h


CONTENTS (Con.)

Potentialities...ccccccceccccccccncccseseeescesscessessces

Susceptibility of Muskogee and Timber Ridge sands
and oils to waterflooding.. errr rrr rrr
Areas of Muskogee sand most suitable for waterflood
development .....ccccccccccccccccecccccccssesevosece
Areas of Timber Ridge sand most suitable for water-
flood development......seeeoes
Sources of water.....

Conclusions..... ee eee eccenee

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

15.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Muskogee oilfield: Location and status of wells
and leases..... dene cence eee eee eeeneeeenene se eeeeee
Generalized geologic column and electric log of
representative well, Muskogee oilfield.............
Structure-contour map of surface of Muskogee sand....
Structure and stratigraphy of lower Dutcher sands....
Thickness and oil-productive limits of Muskogee sand.
Thickness and oil-productive limits of Timber Ridge
sand...... cence cece sesenes bee e eee cece ceeseeoee
Oil-productive limits of Muskogee and Timber Ridge
sands and wells productive in minor formations.....
Oil-production history of Muskogee oilfield and
actual oil production of 35 representative leases..
Oil-production history of a representative lease
producing from Muskogee sand.......eceeeccccccccece
Oil-production history of representative leases
producing from Timber Ridge sand... ececcee
Production history and map of Tidewater Oil Co.
Pressure Property No. l4...eccccccccccccecccccceces
Production history and map of Kreps and Shrewsburg
air-injection project. .cccceccccccccccccccsecccsese
Production history and map of Beebe Oil Co. Crekola
waterflooding project...... eee eeeee
Areas of Muskogee sand most suitable for waterflood
development ..cccsccccceccocscccccescesscsecsevecece
Areas of Timber Ridge sand most suitable for water-
flood development ....cccccccscccccccccccccccccccece

Page
36

36
36
37

37
40

5 waan nw

13
15
21

29
30
31
38
39


Muskogee Oil Sand

Extent and Thickness

The Muskogee sand is a blanket deposit over the Muskogee~field area, ex-
cept in the SW1/4, secs. 6 and 10, T. 14.N., R. 18 E., where the sand grades
into shale. The areal distribution and thickness of the Muskogee sand are
shown in figure 5. Driller logs show that the thickness of the Muskogee sand
in the oil-productive parts of the field varies from a few feet to 65 and aver-
ages 25 feet. The sand is thicker in a series of bars trending northwest to
southeast and paralleling the minor axis of folding described earlier. The
thickest areas on these bars correspond roughly to structurally low areas.
Apparently the thickest deposits are in structural troughs, although some
sand was deposited over the entire area.

Lithology

A few drill cuttings and.cores are available for examination, but these
show that the character of the sand varies greatly. Where most oil-productive,
the sand is composed of medium-sized, angular grains, with 2 to 10 percent
limestone content. In many places individual sand beds are separated by 10 to
15 feet of dense shale.

Laterally the Muskogee sand grades into dense calcareous sandstone where
limestone constitutes 30 to 40 percent of the volume. Dry holes drilled in non-
productive areas show the Muskogee sand to be thin or limy.

Porosity and Permeability

The Muskogee sand was cored in six wells in the west-central part of the
field. In this area 2 wells showed the sand to be nearly impermeable; in the
other 4 wells, drilled more to the south and east of the dry wells, the per-
centage thickness of beds that have permeabilities greater than 1 millidarcy
ranged from 18 percent to a maximum of 88 percent of the total thickness in
that well. The average porosity of the sand ranged from 8.2 to 19.8 percent
in wells about half a mile apart. The average porosity of the other 2 wells
was 15.6 and 18.6 percent, respectively.

Generally, the permeability of the Muskogee sand is low - a maximum of
252 millidarcys is recorded in only 1 well. The average permeability in other
wells ranged from 1.9 to 18.6 millidarcys. In these averages beds with perme-
abilities of less than 0.1 millidarcy were not included. No correlation could
be made between permeability streaks in one well and those in an adjacent well.
The farthest west well was permeable only in the top 5 feet of a 27-foot thick
sand, whereas a well in the center of section 5 showed greatest permeability
in the lower 14 feet of the sand.

Fluid Content

The oil saturation of cores cut in water-base mud ranged from 36 to 46
percent of the pore space. One core taken in oil had an oil saturation of 42


PETROLEUM-ENGINEERING STUDY OF MUSKOGEE OILFIELD,
MUSKOGEE COUNTY, OKLA.-/

by

C. H. Riggs,2/ J. L. Eakin,2/ and K. H. Johnston2/

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

This report describes the geology and reviews the oil-production his-
tory of the Dutcher sands of Pennsylvania age in the Muskogee oilfield.
The geology and production history are presented not alone as a review of
the past behavior of the field but also to interpret the possibilities for
future production of oil from semidepleted sands in this and similar areas.

The Muskogee field, one of the oldest oil-producing areas in Oklahoma,
yields paraffin-base oil of 40° API gravity - a gravity higher than that of
most Oklahoma oils. Oil was discovered in the townsite of Muskogee in 1894
but was not produced in commercial quantities until 1904. A peak yearly
rate of 1,340,000 barrels of oil was attained in 1910 (see table 1).

Although oil has been produced from several horizons in the Muskogee
field, 94 percent of the cumulative recovery of oil was from the Muskogee
and Timber Ridge sands of the Dutcher series. Approximately 1,100 wells
have been drilled in the field (see fig. 1), and approximately 9,679,000
barrels of oil has been recovered from the Dutcher sands underlying 4,436
oil-productive acres in the field. Many barren streaks in the field repre-
sent areas where oil-bearing sands are absent or nonproductive. Much of
the field was abandoned during periods of low crude-oil prices, but some of
these abandoned areas were later redrilled and are now (1957) oil-productive.
Waterflooding is being applied on a 240-acre property in the western part of
the field. Preliminary results indicate that this secondary-recovery method
should produce additional oil.

In making this study of the Muskogee oilfield the writers used all
driller, electric, and gamma-ray logs available in company and Government
offices. The Federal Bureau of Mines gamma-ray logging equipment was used
to log 22 additional wells in the field. Analyses of cores from 5 wells
and samples of drill cuttings from 4 other wells were studied and compared.
Samples of oil and water produced from most of the 83 active oil wells in
the field were analyzed and studied. These data and the available oil-
production records permitted engineers to interpret conditions of the sand
and to estimate the secondary-recovery potentials of the field.

1/ Work on manuscript completed June 1958.
2/ Petroleum engineer, Bureau of Mines, Region IV, Bartlesville, Okla.


RITE. RIBE.

EXPLANATION.

‘<9 OL PRODUCTIVE LIMIT OF MUSKOGEE SAND
DOI. PROOUCTIVE LIMIT OF TIMBER RIOGE SAND
123 LEASE NAMES SHOWN ON TABLE 2
U -UPPER SAND
8 -BAO HOLE SAND
‘5 -STRAY SAND
W -WiLcOx SAND
© OL WELL,
1 ABANDONED OIL WELL
3 ABANDONED GAS WELL

pe 2090 099 4090

Rive r

RISE

FIGURE 7. - Oil-Productive Limits of Muskogee and Timber Ridge Sands
and Wells Productive in Minor Formations.

€T


Bureau of Mines
Report of Investigations 5448

PETROLEUM-ENGINEERING STUDY OF
MUSKOGEE OILFIELD, MUSKOGEE
COUNTY, OKLA.

By C. H. RicGs, J. L. EAKIN, AND
K. H. JOHNSTON

United States Department of the Interior—1959

F metadc38672 |


36

Because of steep dips to the south and because Timber Ridge sands are
more permeable to water in that direction, it may be expected that most of the
30,000 barrels of injected water would move southward. Much larger quantities
would be required to start an edgewater drive from the south.

POTENTLALITIES

Susceptibility of Muskogee and Timber Ridge
Sands and Oils to Waterflooding

Clay minerals in the Muskogee and Timber Ridge sands were examined by
X-ray to determine their type and sensitivity to water. Incorporated clays in
the samples were predominately kaolinite, with moderate amounts of illite and
chlorite present. No montmorillonite or other high-swelling clay minerals were
present in the four samples examined. These studies indicate that the sands
could be flooded satisfactorily with either fresh or saline waters.

The interfacial tension between samples of Muskogee and Timber Ridge oils
and distilled water were 28 and 30 dynes per centimeter, respectively. For
comparison, the interfacial tension of Oklahoma City-Wilcox crude oil is 19,
and of Bradford (Pa.) crude oil, 20 dynes per centimeter. The comparatively
high interfacial tension of Muskogee and Timber Ridge oils indicates that they
can be displaced by water with little formation of film or emulsion at the
interface.

Where present in the sands in adequate quantities, Muskogee and Timber
Ridge oil could be recovered successfully by waterflooding.

Areas of Muskogee Sand Most Suitable for Waterflood Development

Estimates based upon the best information available show about 1,710 acres
of Muskogee sand, included in 75 leases in the Muskogee oilfield, may respond
profitably to waterflooding. This area represents about 54 percent of 3,157
oil-productive acres of Muskogee sand. Figure 14 was prepared as a guide to
the approximate location of areas considered more favorable to waterflood de-
velopment. The area of those leases and parts of leases shown as potentially
good for flooding contain about 460 acres, and those considered as fair con-
tain about 1,250 acres. The estimates of potentially floodable areas were
based upon past production history and the approximate recovery of oil from
each area, expressed as barrels of oil per acre foot of gross oil sand. Among
other factors considered in selecting the areas were the thickness of the sand
and the productive life and structural position of the wells. Because in some
instances these estimates were based upon other estimated figures, they should
be used with discretion and only as a guide. Although much of the former pro-
ductive area of the field is now abandoned, it must not be assumed that all the
wells were properly plugged or that the oil-productive sands are protected from
the shallow waters that overlie most of it.

As described in another section of the report, limited waterflood opera-
tions have been started on leases in some parts of the field. Careful examina-
tion of the results obtained from these operations should be an aid when planning




495789 © -59 (Face p. 2)

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FIGURE 1. - Muskogee Oilfield: Location and Status of Wells and Leases.


32

average thickness of 16 feet at an average depth of 1,197 feet. Figure 13 is a
development map of the leases in the flood and the history of oil production
since 1909.

History Before Flooding

The original development of the five leases in this block was begun in 1908;
drilling was continued through 1920. The initial daily oil-producing rates for
the early wells ranged from a few barrels to 200. According to driller logs,
the initial daily rates of oil production for wells drilled on the 5 leases
averaged 106 barrels, Each of the 34 oil wells was shot with about 2 quarts of
nitroglycerin per foot of sand, averaging about 60 quarts per well, The casing
programs varied with each of several operators, Generally, about 10 to 100 feet
of 10-inch drive pipe and 175 to 300 feet of 8-inch casing were required to ex-
clude shallow water. A production string of either 6-1/4+ or 6-5/8-inch casing
was set at the top of the productive sand or about 50 feet above the sand, be-
fore shooting. In some wells casing was set on packers with one perforated
joint extending below the packer.

The annual rate of oil production from the 333 oil-productive acres reached
a peak of 149,600 barrels in 1911 (fig. 13). Following this peak the rate of
oil production declined rapidly in a manner typical of a gas-expansion reservoir.
A minimum annual rate of about 1,60Q barrels of oil was reached in 1944. After
some remedial work and before waterflooding operations were begun by the Beebe
Oil Co., the annual rate of oil production increased to about 2,350 barrels dur-
ing 1955. To the start of flooding about 608,785 barrels of oil was produced
by primary operations for a recovery per acre of approximately 1,828 barrels.

Method of Completing and Operating Wells

The five leases included in the project originally contained 34 productive
oil wells. Through successive abandonments, only 8 oil wells remained active
at the beginning of waterflooding operations. Three exploratory wells were
drilled and cored to obtain reservoir data. Wherever old holes could be recon-
ditioned, they were used as either water-input or oil-producing wells. Two of
the active oil wells and one core-test well were equipped as water-input wells
and received water by gravity for a few months. The two remaining core-test
wells were given fracture treatments and completed as small oil wells.

The water-input wells were completed with either 5- or 7-inch casing set
and cemented at the top of the Muskogee sand. The two oil~productive sands
were then drilled. A rag packer was run on tubing and cemented in the shale
break between the two sands. Water was injected through the tubing into the
Timber Ridge sand and through the casing into the Muskogee sand. Three wells
have been completed for dual injection and three for single-zone injection.

Some evidence of plugging was noted in A. Washington input well 6 (fig.
13). The rate of water injection into the Timber Ridge sand declined progres-
sively from about 4,700 barrels in August 1957 to 3,700, 1,400, 200, and O bar-
rels during succeeding months. After being treated with 1,000 gallons of acid,
the well received water at the normal rate of 4,000 to 5,000 barrels per month,
and the injection pressure dropped from 300 to 50 p.s.i.


20

Several leases in the central part of the field have produced oil from
both the Muskogee and Timber Ridge sands. Figure 7 shows the oil-productive
limits of these sands, and by overlap, where both formations have produced oil.
Shown also are wells that have produced oil or gas from the minor formations.
Usually, wells productive in upper sands also produced from the Muskogee sand,
but near the eastern limits of the field several leases, now abandoned, did
produce entirely from minor formations. Currently, no wells are known to be
producing exclusively from the upper sands.

Where leases produced oil from more than one sand, recovery of oil from
each sand was estimated to be proportional to the thickness and productive
area of the sand.

Approximately 6,509,000 barrels of oil, or 67 percent of the total field
production, was recovered from the Muskogee sand; and 2,977,000 barrels, or 31
percent, from the Timber Ridge sand. Two percent, or 173,400 barrels of oil,
was recovered from upper sands.

Figure 9 shows the oil-production history of a 160-acre lease, where 8 oil
wells produced exclusively from the Muskogee sand. Because the peak rate in
1911 was so high compared to the annual rate during succeeding years, the graph
shows a change in scale at 10,000 barrels yearly. A smooth curve, with rates
declining from 9 percent per year in 1925 to 5 percent in 1956, approximates the
overall production curve, although the actual yearly oil production has been
nearly constant since 1940, Slight increases in 1952 and 1953 resulted from
reconditioning one well.

Figure 10 illustrates the oil-production history of 9 wells on two 80~-acre
leases, which have produced exclusively from the Timber Ridge sand. Vacuum
applied in 1919 and changes in operational methods in the 1930's and 40's are
reflected by increases in yearly production of oil. Compared to the representa-
tive Muskogee-sand production, the peak yearly production is lower, but decline
during the early years is also less. Cumulative-oil production was 203,000 bar-
rels, compared to 161,000 barrels for the representative Muskogee lease.

The smooth curve through the annual-production data shows a decline of 2
percent in 1925 and only 1 percent in 1957. Such low rates of decline in pro-
duction indicate slow drainage from large productive areas.

Production Mechanism
Gas Expansion

The principal mechanism affecting oil production from the Muskogee field
was the expansion of dissolved gas. Many of the wells drilled during early
development flowed oil at initial daily rates ranging from a few to 2,500 bar-
rels; however, most wells had initial-production rates ranging from 25 to 400
barrels of oil a day. The 2,500-barrel well was structurally low but produced
oil with a large flow of gas in daily volumes up to half a million cubic feet
at pressures ranging from 60 to 90 p.s.i. Relatively high initial-production
rates, followed by a rapid decline in oil production from structurally high


37

future projects in the field. Unfortunately, data were not available that
might permit an estimate of recoverable oil on the leases shown in figure 14.

Areas of Timber Ridge Sand Most Suitable for Waterflood Development

Figure 15 outlines by contrasting shades of crosshatching the areas of
Timber Ridge sand that may be considered in future waterflood development. Es-
timates show that about 1,060 acres of sand, underlying 64 leases in the field,
may respond favorably to planned waterflooding. These leases represent about
64 percent of the total oil-productive area (1,660 acres) of the sand, The
area designated as potentially good for flooding includes about 400 acres,
whereas that considered only fair is about 660 acres. The method used to eval-
uate the Muskogee sand was also used to estimate the response that might be ex-
pected from flooding the Timber Ridge sand in various areas of the field.

The large irregular area in secs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 of T. I4N., R. 18 E.,
includes 395 "fair" and 242 "good" acres. In this area the Timber Ridge sand
ranges in thickness from 7 to 50 feet and averages about 20 feet. Depths to
the top of the Timber Ridge sand range from 631 feet below sea level in the
NE 1/4 of sec. 6, T. 14N., R. 18 E., to 1,126 feet below sea level in the SE
1/4 of sec. 8. The dip of the beds generally is just east of south about 400
feet per mile, with minor noses and ravines on the monoclinal structure. Much
of this large irregular area has been under gas injection for many years (Tide-
water Oil Co. pressure property No. 14) and a small part along the west edge is
presently being developed for waterflooding in both Muskogee and Timber Ridge
sands (Beebe Oil Co. Creekola project). In the areas not now under flood very
little water is being produced with the oil. The only well cored in this area
(SW 1/4 sec. 5, T. 14. N., R. 18 E.) showed water saturation of 22 percent.

Sources of Water

Driller logs indicate that a supply of fresh water from shallow sands in
volumes adequate for flooding is available in most areas of the field. Depths
to the top of the aquifer vary from about 50 to 100 feet. A mineral analysis
of a sample of water from a shallow well in sec. 12, T. 14N., R. 17 E., is
included in table 5. Results of the analysis show the sample to be free of
potential plugging material. Analyses of about 30 samples of produced brine
show that most of the samples contained barium in quantities from a few to 485
p.p.m. Because of the presence of this potential plugging material and the
extremely small quantity of produced brine, the oil reservoirs are neither
good nor adequate sources of water for flooding.

Although several wells within the productive limits of the field have been
drilled to the Wilcox sand, little is known about the volume and character of
water that can be expected from any of the aquifers below the Timber Ridge sand.


TABLE 2. - Oil-recovery data to January 1, 1958, by leas

and producing formations, Muskogee oilfield (Con.)

Year
Lease first oil Total Muskogee sand Timber Ridge sand Upper_sand
No.t/ | operator and lease2/ sold Status barrels [Acres JAcre-feet | Barrels | Acres JAcre-feet [ Barrels [Acres [acre-feet | Barrels
T. JON, R. 17 E. Gon.)
Sec. 11:
133| Prairie - R. Woodward.. 1911 |Abandoned~1925| 21,600/  - - - 12.8 239 21,600; ~ - -
134| Prairie - A. Woodward. 1911 | Abandoned-1926 8,100 - - - 5.5 51 8,100) - - -
135 | Tidewater - R. Woodward. 1911 | Abandoned-1946 8,700] - - - 11.4 148 8,700) = -
136| Wachob Bros. - R. Parker. 1910 | active. «| 299,900] 13.0 325 67,400 | 71.2] 1,235 | 227,500] 5.0] 175 5,000
137| Tidewater - P. Woodward. 1910 |Abandoned-1934} 26,300] 11.4 128 16,100 | 10.1 78 10,200] = - -
138| Tidewater - Blackman "A". 1911 |Abandoned-1944| 41,300]  - - - 37.9 692 41,300] = - -
139| R. Parker - P, Woodward. 1911 | Active «| 20,600] 5.5 55 6,200 | 20.8 156 14,400] = - -
Sec. 12:
140 | Tidewater - B. McKellop..... | | 1910 |Abandoned-1933} 51,900] 7.7 294 33,600 | 12.8 166 18,300] - - -
141| Tidewater - Blackman "B"...,| 1911 | do. . | 15,700| 9.8 266 15,700 | = - - - - -
142 | Brown - A. McKellop.... 1910 | Abandoned-1918 7,800] 27.0 304 7,800 | - - - - - -
143 | Beebe - A. Washington.......| | 1909 | Active «| 294,600} 130.4] 3,508 | 245,200 | 30.9 ns 49,400| - - -
144 | Beebe - W. Washington....... 1910 do. 71,700 40.0 816 53,400 17.0 281 18,300) - - -
Sec, 13:
145 | Tidewater - W. Washington... | | 1913 |Abandoned-1932| 60,400] 47.8] 1,313 58,200 | 5.7 37 2,200] = - -
146 | 1908 active +] 119,700] 26.9| 1,219 | 108,500 | 14.0 130 11,200| - - -
147 . 1932 do. . 900 - - - 18.0 72 900) - - -
148 | smith et al. - R. Washington| 1927  |Abandoned-1936 900} = - - 6.9 104 900] = - -
149! Tidewater - R. Washington... 1910 |Active.. + | 1/202,800 - - - 15.9 255 1/202 ,800 - - -
Sec. 14:
150 | Tidewater - P. Washington... / 1910 | do. .. + See No.149|  - - - 50.1 570 |see No.149| ~ - -
Sec. 15:
151 | Oakgale - S. Harjo........++| 1915 |Abandoned-1929| _15,300| =~ - - 33.5 134 15,300| - : -
Total. - - 9,679,200 |3,156.8| 80,593] 6,509,400 [1,659.8] 27,909 | 2,996,400 |390.0| 7,208 173,400
T/¥or location see figure 1.
2/ Complete names of operating companies and leases are listed below:
Complete name Table name Complete name Table name Complete name

Prairie Oil & Gas Co.
Price and Sprig

Rosebud O11 Co.

Shelors and Tingle

smith and Crandall

Success Oil Co.

Sun Gasoline Co.

T & 0 Petroleum Co.

Tenn - Six Oil Co.

Tidewater O11 Co.

Washington and Hogan Enterprises
Weeks and Wisener

Weiss Oil Co.

Zaline Oil Co.

Grand Duke Oil Co.
Haner O11 & Refining Co.
Horton and Morgan
Hutchinson and Decius
Jolly and stein
Josaline Production Co.
Maldrado Oil Co.
Mercantile Oil & Refining Co.
Metzger and Fultz
Minneokla O11 Co.
Mullins and Glover
Murray Hill Oil Co.
Mussellem and Karnes
Oakgale Oil Co.

« Arthur Oil Co,

+ Beebe Oil Co.

« Blair Oil and Refining Co.
« Bracken and Schroder
+ Brown and Kreps

+ Burkan Oil Co,

: Butler and Eagan

+ Commercial Land Co.
«+ Cumberland Oil Co.
+ Decius and Garrett
+ Dytert Oil Co,

+ Eastern Oil Co.

« Ellis and Simmon

+ Foltz Oil Co.

‘3/ Includes production from adjacent leases. See note applicable.
4/ Unknown,

6T




aire. une
T

1

|

,
O) | OC te
ww

| o

/ D e iS

|
|

RIBE.

FIGURE 6. - Thickness and Oil-Productive Limits of Timber Ridge Sand.


27

Five samples of produced brine had intermediate specific gravities averag-
ing 1.067. High calcium- and low sodium-reacting values of these brines indi-
cate probable Timber Ridge origin, with dilution by fresh water or Muskogee
brines.

In the extreme western end of the field, originally called the Timber Ridge
field, water produced from 3 of the 4 active oil wells is normal, heavy Timber
Ridge brine. The fourth well, which produces no water with the oil, probably is
a Muskogee~sand well.

In the central part of the field oil is produced from both Muskogee and
Timber Ridge sands. Some wells are water~free, and others produce mixtures of
the two types of brine. A few wells produce small amounts of Timber Ridge water.
Most of the Timber Ridge wells in the north and east parts of the field are
either water-free or produce small quantities of the heavier water.

SECONDARY RECOVERY

Air and Gas Injection

The method of increasing oil recovery through the injection of air and gas
has been employed in only a few areas of the field and with moderate success. A
brief description of the projects follows:

Tidewater Oil Co. Air- and Gas-Injection Projects

Pressure Project No. 14

In 1928 the Tidewater Oil Co. began injecting gas into wells on leases in
secs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, T. 14N., Ro 17 E., in the Muskogee field. The project
was expanded later to include about 700 productive acres in 8 leases and has
continued in operation through 1957 (fig. 11). Six of the 56 oil-productive
wells in the project were converted for gas injection. One new well was drilled
for injection. With the initial injection of gas, vacuum was applied to the oil
wells, resulting in almost immediate increases in the rates of oil production.
When the supply of gas from the gas wells and from the vacuum operations would
no longer supply the need for compression, air was injected by one unit of the
compressor plant. Because bypassing became excessive, the vacuum operations
on many leases were discontinued during September 1934, Table 6 and figure 11
show the history of production and results of the project. Significantly, dur-
ing the 30 years of operation, the annual production of oil was increased each
year approximately 11,200 barrels above that expected by normal primary methods.
The project is credited with a cumulative gain of about 336,000 barrels of oil.

Washington Pressure Group

In 1932 the Tidewater Oil Co. began injecting air into wells on a group of
leases in secs, 11, 13, and 14, T. 14.N., R. 17 E.8/ During most of the period
from 1932 to 1943 air was injected into 3 wells. Increases in the yearly rates
of oil production were small - approximately 1,000 barrels.

87 These leases, which include properties owned by Peter and Rhoda Washington,
are called the Washington Pressure Group.


28

TABLE 6. - Performance data, Tidewater Oil Co., Pressure Property No. 14

Oil production, barrels Active wells
Gas Dec.
Year Total Primary drive | Oil |Injection

1908 to 1927. ccceceee 1,779,096 | 1,779,096 56 0
1928.cecce0 18,611 13,400 5,211} 51 7
24,128 12,800 | 11,328} 53 6
26,713 12,200 | 14,513] 51 6
27,172 11,700 | 15,472] 47 7
29,849 11,300 | 18,549] 46 6
31,755 10,900 | 20,855] 44 7
27,488 10,600 | 16,888} 44 7
28,643 10,300 | 18,343} 44 7
28,288 10,100 18,188] 43 6
26,893 9,900 | 16,993] 43 6
25,206 9,700 | 15,506] 42 6
17,625 9,500 | 8,125] 38 6
19,777 9,300 | 10,477] 38 5
20,342 9,100 | 11,242] 36 5
19,778 8,900 | 10,878) 37 5
20,067 8,800 | 11,267] 32 5
20,017 8,700 | 11,317| 30 4
18,379 8,600 9,779| 29 4
18,123 8,500 9,623| 29 4
17,487 8,400 9,087] 28 4
16,789 8,300 8,489} 28 4
17,368 8,200 9,168] 28 4
16,316 8,100 8,216] 28 4
16,661 8,000 8,661] 27 4
ooo 15,050 7,900 7,150} 27 3
ooo 16,681 7,800 8,881 27 3
° 12,889 7,700 5,189} 27 3
. 10 ,864 7,600 3,264 | 27 3
13,774 7,500 6,274] 27 2
14,843 7,400 7,443 |_27 2
Cumulative...cssccces eesoee | 2,396,672 | 2,060,296 |336,376] - =

In 1941, after air-injection operations failed to effect substantial in-
creases, one well was converted to water input. Over a period of about 18
months, approximately 43,000 barrels of shallow-well water was injected by grav-
ity into the well. Nevertheless oil production continued to decline to about
840 barrels in 1943, when all injection operations were discontinued. It is
doubtful if the injection of this small volume of water had much effect on the
rate of oil production from these leases. Cleaning two wells in 1944 did more
to revive the production of oil.

Kreps and Shrewsburg

During 1942 Kreps and Shrewsburg initiated a l-well gas-injection project
on the 150-acre Maud Sanders lease in sec. 3, T. 14 N., R. 18 E., and sec. 34,




TABLE 2, - Oil-recovery data to January 1

1958, by leases and producing formations, Muskogee oilfield

Year
Lease first ofl Total Muskogee sand Timber Ridge sand Upper sand
No.1/| operator and tease2/ sold Status barrels [Acres [Acre-feet| Barrels | Acres |Acre-feet| Barrels |Acres|Acre-feet] Barrels
T. ISN, R. 18 Ee:
sec. 26:
1| Various - Town lots... 1904 |Abandoned.....} 100,000] 60.1] 1,860 | 100,000} - - - - - -
Sec. 27:
2) Arthur - E, Dean. | 1909 | Abandoned-1916 8,600} 4.4 My 8,600) - - - - - -
3] Arthur - Fee see| 1909 | Abandoned-1944| 105,000 | 15.0 142 | 105,000] - - - - - -
Sec. 28:
4| Mussellem - M and K. 1919 | Abandoned-1934 6,000] 4.1 58 2,90) 3.5 60 3,100} ~ - -
5| M. C. Salyer ~ Fee 1934 | Active. . 6,100| 2.5 25 3,100) 2.2 26 3,000] - - -
Sec. 32:
6| Sun - S, Blackstone... +| 1909 |Abandoned-1935] 3/14,700| 9.0 283 | 3/12,700) ~ - - 20.0 80 3/2,000
7| C. A, Weil - S. Blackstone...| 1909 + sesseeeee| See No. 6] 18.4 387 | See No. 6| - - - 5.0 20 | See No. 6
8| arthur - Commercial Land. 1908 |Abandoned-1944] 43,100 | 23.3 584 43,100} - - - - - -
Sec. 33:
9] Rosebud - Beard et a +] 1921 | Abandoned-1924 200| 6.2 131 200} - - - - - -
10] J. A. Williams - Seibold.....| 1908 |Abandoned-1940| 3/86,100 | 28.9 623 | 3/86,100] - - - - - -
11} Arthur - Seibold... «| 1908 see No. 10] 38.0 728 |see No. 10| - - - - - -
12| J. A. Williams - Nichols.....| 1908 3/41,700 | 26.1 495 | 3/41,700] - - - - - -
13] L. L. Metzger - Barouetz.....| 1908 see No. 12 | 8.5 144 |see No. 12] - - - - - -
14] arthur - V. Martin, «| 1919 3/176,000 | 1.8 18 | 3/136,000) 1.8 20 | 3/40,000| - - -
15] Foltz - Covalt unit. {| 1909 see No. 14] 38.9 497 |See No. 14] 33.0 409 |see No. 14] - - -
16] arthur - P. Woodward... «| 1909 do. 37.8 520 do. 19.5 97 do. - - -
17| W. H. Myers - A. Garrett.....|  (4/) 3/26,400 | 23.8 253 | 3/26,400) = - - - - -
18] L. L. Metzger - Beard. «| @ see No. 17 | 23.6 354 |see No. 17] - - - - - -
19| Price - Beard. . @/) do. 4.8 120 do. - - - - - -
20| golly - Keeler... «| @ 15,400 | 7.3 0 5,100] 6.4 128 7,300] 6.0 60 3,000
Sec. 34:
21] arthir = W. Owens (N.). «| 1909 | Abandoned-1940 | 3/151,700 | 39.3 904 | 3/151,700]} - - - - - -
22| Arthur - Bud Dean........24..| 1909 |Abandoned-1945/~ 55,500 | 31.5 608 55,500] - - - - - -
23| Cc. T. Lewis - Griffin, «| 1909 JActive...e..e.] 28,900] 43.3 1003 28,900 | - - - - - -
24| Cc. T. Lewis - Lux and Seibold| 1909 |Abandoned-1955|see No. 21 | 39.3 3087 [see No. 21| - - - - - -
25| Foltz - M. Sanders.. | 1909 JActive. ++ | 3/529,900 | 68.5] 1,845 | 3/512,700| 4.6 28 | 3/17,200| - - -
26| A. T. Keeps - E. Sanders.....| 1909 |Abandoned-1942|~ 52,900 | 17.1 527 52,900 | = - - - -
27| Arthur - L. Manuel... +| 1909 |Abandoned-1917| 47,300 | 4.4 97 47,300 - - - -
28| Arthur - J. Spaulding. «| 1910 |Abandoned-1944| 3/219,800 | 8.6 266 | 3/217,300] - - - - -
29) C. T. Lewis - Sterling. + | 1909 see No. 28] 43.9| 1,795 |See No. 28] ~ - - - - -
30| Maldrado - D. Perryman. + | 1909 47,000 | 12.3 613 47,000 | = - - - - -
31| Pure Of1 Co. - R. Davis......| 1919 |Abandoned-1936 2,000 | 29.8] 1,438 2,000} - - - - - -
Arthur - J. Spaulding........| 1910 |Abandoned-1944 |see No. 28 | 7.4 275 see No. 28| ~- - - - - -
+} 1909 do. 57.4| 1,079 do. 22.2 i - - -
«| 1935 do. 3.5 69 do. - - - - -
35| Various - Town lots. «| 1904 |Aabandoned-1939| 158,000 | 70.7} 1,820 | 158,000] - - - - - -
36| Foltz - J. Perryman. +| 1909 Jactive, 45,500 | 11.8 413 45,500 | - - - - - -
37| H. L. Jolly - W. Crabtree.... | 1920 | Abandone: 2,300 | - - - - - - 10.0} 170 2,300
38| J. H. Ivey = Town lot........| 1921 |Abandoned-1927 7,600 | 13.6 164, 7,600 | ~ - - - -
Sec. 30:
39] H. L. Jolly ~ Jennings... 1919 |Abandoned-1932| 3/25,700 | - - - - - - 10.0} 100 | 3/25,700
40 | Brasch et al. 1920 | do. .. +. |See No. 39] - - - - - - 40.0 440 |see No. 39
4.|B. a. Hill - S. Deer.. 1920 | Abandoned-1925 2,800 | = - - - - - 30.0] 510 2,800
T. 14N., R. 18 E
Sec. 1:
42|H. L. Jolly - M. Berryhill... | 1916 |Abandoned-1930| 10,400 | 10.0 167 4,300 | - - 30.0] 690 6,100
43 | Metzger - H. Henry... 1928 |Abandoned-1942| 62,800 | 67.7] 1,083 62,800 | - - - - - -

9T


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fred A. Seaton, Secretary

BUREAU OF MINES
Marling J. Ankeny, Director

The Library of Congress has cataloged this publication as follows:

Riggs,.Calvin Harold, 1905—
Petroleum-Engineering study of Muskogee oilfield, Muskogee
County, Okla., by C. H. Riggs, J. L. Eakin, and K. H. Johnston.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1959.

iii, 40 p. illus., maps, tables. 27em. ((U.S.)_ Bureau of Mines. Report
of investigations, 5448)

1. Oil fields—Oklahoma—Muskogee Co. 2. Petroleum—Geology—
Oklahoma—Muskogee Co. 1. Title. Geries)

(TN23.U43 no. 5448] Int 59-16

U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Library
for Library of Congress

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.-Price 55 cents.


35

TABLE 7. - Summary of operations (Con.)

Beebe Oil Co. Crekola waterflood project

Water injected and oil produced monthly, bbl.

1956 1957 1958
Water Oil Water Oil Water Oil
injected | produced | injected |produced | injected | produced
January. .ccccccceees - - 12,930 424 19,382 1,139
- - 16,057 563 - -
- - 20,430 866 - -
- - 22,314 1,246 - -
- - 20,546 1,175 - -
13,947 182 20,150 1,040 - -
14,282 191 29,141 1,041 - -
13,248 201 39,561 1,347 - -
4,124 266 41,829 1,747 - -
5,902 . 278 21,390 1,831 - -
November. 5,728 337 26,421 1,240 - -
December.... 8,873 467 27,299 1,283 - -
Total.......-- | 66,104 1,922 298,068 | 13,803 19,382 1,139

Culberson, Johnson, and Willman

Beginning about 1954, water from a shallow fresh-water well was injected
into the Timber Ridge sand through a well in the NW 1/4 SE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec. 3,
T. 14N., R. 18 E. After 20,400 barrels of water had been injected, an ad-
joining oil well to the east began producing only water, and injection was
discontinued.

Later in 1956 the operators began injecting about 25 barrels daily of fresh
water at an average pressure of 400 p.s.i. into a well along the south line of
NE 1/4 SE 1/4 of sec. 3, about 600 feet northeast of the former input well. Ex-
cept for brief intervals, injection was continued through 1957, with little or
no increase in oil or water production from three surrounding oil wells. It
may be presumed that most of the 10,000 barrels of water injected into the second
well entered the more permeable Timber Ridge sand, although the well is open in-
to both sands. One of the producing wells is open into both Muskogee and Timber
Ridge sands, another into the Timber Ridge sand only, and information about the
third producing well is lacking.

In this vicinity the oil-productive area lies on a structural monocline,
with the top of the Timber Ridge sand dipping south and southwest about 500 feet
amile. Oil production from the Timber Ridge sand is confined to the area above
the minus-840 contour line, with water reported in a well at minus-870 feet.

In the 10 acres surrounding the injection wells, the Timber Ridge sand aver-
ages 14 feet in thickness. At an estimated porosity of 18 percent and with 50-
percent liquid saturation, about 97,000 barrels of water would be required to
fill the void spaces.


33

All the producing wells are old oil wells, some reconditioned for the
flooding operation. In these wells 5- or 7-inch casing was set and cemented
at the top of the Muskogee sand. After the cement had set, both sands were
cleaned. Because the shale between sands caves badly, the wells were cemented
and redrilled; the cement served as a liner. Both sands were cleaned and left
open for production. The wells are equipped with standard working barrels and
pumped by electric-powered units.

Source _and Treatment of Water

Surface water collected in two large earthen ponds is used for flooding.
A standby supply of shallow-well water is available from wells completed in
aquifers about 80 feet in depth. Surface water from the earthen ponds is pumped
through a 5- by 8-foot pressure-type filter (packed with anthracite coal) and
into 2 clear-water tanks of 500- and 1,000-barrel capacities. During hot weather
the water is treated with 1 to 2 quarts of H.T.H. (sodium hypochlorite) per 500
barrels of water to control algae and bacterial growths.

Operation of Flood

Water from clear-water tanks is pumped by an electric-powered triplex pump
to a metering manifold and into the individual distribution lines. Usually the
pressure and volume of water injected into each well and each zone are regulated
at the manifold. Approximately 700 barrels of water is injected daily at about
500-p.s.i. plant pressure. Under normal operation the volume of water injected
into the sands has been about 64 percent into the Muskogee and about 36 percent
into the Timber Ridge sand. Produced water is not used for injection.

At the beginning of the flood some difficulty was experienced with bypass-
ing of injected water. A.Washington input well 8 was plugged back to the Mus-
kogee sand to prevent channeling through the Timber Ridge sand. On the same
lease a packer leak in input well 11 allowed water to break through the Musko-
gee sand to oil well 9. Input well 11 was shut in, and the channel was repaired
by pumping about 300 pounds of "Perma-Plug" into the sand. Remedial work on
well 9 was successful in restoring 25 barrels of the daily rate of 43 barrels
of oil produced from the well before the break occurred.

Results of Flooding

Water injection on the project was begun in January 1956, and the first in-
crease in the rate of oil production occurred in September 1956. By January 1,
1958, the flood had been extended to include about 240 acres with 6 water-input
wells and 10 active oil wells. The monthly rate of oil production had increased
from 173 barrels in May 1956 to a peak rate of 1,831 barrels in October 1957.

To January 1, 1958, about 15,700 barrels of oil was recovered by injecting
about 364,000 barrels of water, and the recovery of oil was about 66 barrels per
acre; the ratio of water injected to oil produced was decreased gradually from
77:1 to approximately 23:1. Experience and data gained from this initial flood
should serve as a useful guide for future development of other areas of the Mus-
kogee oilfield considered favorable for waterflooding.


DRILLER'S LOG

40-175

175-185

185-322

322-366

366-555

1S
eau
sronewtiae

555-566 LIMY SAW

566-805

805-922 SHALE AND

922-

SURFACE

SHALE

LIME

SHALE

LIME

SHALE

SHALE

SAND

LIME

DEPTH, FEET
9;

500}

ELECTRIC LOG

:

THETA

sd Aad BAL

=

905-910

910-925
925-930,

itt 930-935,
st! 935-840,

aes 940-950

950-965

1005-1015,

1015-1025
1025-1030
1030-1035
1035-1040
1040-1050
1050-1055,
1055-1060
1060-1065,
1065-1075,
1075-1085,
1085-1095,

1095-1110
1110-1115

1115-1130

1130-1135,
1135-1145,

1145-1190

1190-1195
1195-1205,

1205-1225,
1225-1230

1230-1240
1240-1250
1250-1255
1255-1270
1270-1285
1285-1300
1300-1310

1310-1315

SAMPLE DESCRIPTION

Shale, gray and brown calcareous shale

shale, gray, fine grained, mtcaceou
Limestone, gray-brown, cherty, and some gray shale
Limestone, shaly with’ sone oolttes

Sandstone, coarse, with calcareous cenent (5.82)
Sandatone, coarse, micaceous, sharp angular grains

1» and sone dense dark gray shale
ght gray, some Limestone

dark gray calcareous

dark gray, dense

dark gray, soft, friable

gray, calcareous

Light gray

Shale, gray, and light brown micaceous shale

Shale, gray, and dark gray brom stitstone
Shale, dark’ gray

Shale, dark gray, and brow crystalline limestone
Shale, gray

Sandatone, Light gray, coarse grained

Sandatone, finer than above with sone gray shale
Shale, gray, dense, and brom siltstone

Shale, dark gray, dense

Shale, gray, soft

Shale, gray soft, softer than above

Shale with hard atreake, gray, dense

Shale, dark gray, soft
Shale, dark gray, and fine grained micaceous shale

Shale, dark gray, and sone gray brovn siltstone
Shale, dark gray, soft
Sandstone, white medium grained with calcareous

Shale, dark gray, soft frtable

Sandstone, Light gray, Limey and dark gray shale
Shale, dark gray, dense

Sandstone, Light gray, coarse and calcareous
Sandatone, gray dense ‘calcareous

Shale, gray, micaceous
Shale, gray and dark gray, dense, and little brown siltstone
Shale, dark gray, flakey

shale, gray, dense, and sone brow siltstone

shale, dark gray, and some black shale

No samples

Shatey black and dark gray, flakey, with thin ateeaks
lof tightly cemented Light gray sandst:

Sandatone, gray brown hard and Cine grained with
‘calcareous cement (17%)

ELECTRIC LOG
DEPTH, FEET

900

¥ L
3 L
4
3 tc} =
g
Fe [
3
2 L
1,000}—
b ©
£2
HO Lp “
s
b «
1,100}— w
iz o
L «
c w
3 1200}- x
= b <
°
g [ °
3
C +
- >
ALYSIS 6
« 161
$3
22
z= "2010 20 40 60 80 160

x POROSITY, %

PERMEABILITY, MD.

FIGURE 2. - Generalized Geologic Column and Electric Log of Representative Well,
Muskogee Oilfield.


495789 0-59 (Face p. 6)

VERTICAL SCALE, FEET

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

150|

109]

50}

550;

8

2
a
3

x
3

a
8

800}

by.

POROSITY, PERCENT

FIGURE 4. -

“TO.1497

POROSITY, PERCENT

Structure and Stratigraphy of Lower Dutcher Sands.

c c F 464 L M
A 1)
t
—K & &
— %, %el
AH Ye
B aS >
oS >
> a
a roy
= .
m
Ole s oN
SAND %
634 > s 2) °
oy 3 =
Ss. &
4p
% Mus a 731
Me, Hog, 7is————+ zy
Ep > *e T's ano 114° 2
Da
SAND
S%p, Pd yp
795)
Me 18
1666
D H
ELECTRIC LOG, ELECTRIC LOG,
A B c CORE ANALYSIS E F G CORE ANALYSIS. I J K L M
GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY GAMMA RAY
Los Loc CORE ANALYSIS Los Los Loc Loc LOG Loc Loc Loc
a
L. ea q iso
oy a +t Pa
Fre ' a r
4 nue — St q
oe Hh — ico
x = = 4 a
1 J 4 q i + -
5 E <= q to
self voter St a
L lease or<| BAD HOLE SAND +} = na do
R 4 4- 4
Pa
L a _p = - a=? | Sear — eS 50
ame) am = | ee ame ep
Bs Gamma Roy, me Porosit —— — t a =
‘4 iy —— _ MUSKOGEE ae 100
WUSKOGEE > — | = |
Porosity. + Porosit, 10. [
—__* 3 é 5 | 7 195 TO.1,172 = [F
Nvapee 1D. , 77s ~ -Ri0sE | J
ise =, MBER — 106 ber — 10. bro 1227 TIMBER RIDGE t 150
1,569 Cc TTo1,31 1,426° 1,260 20 10 0
010,90 20,10 eet 10.1,479" — TO.1,207" To1,393°


PETROLEUM-ENGINEERING STUDY OF
MUSKOGEE OILFIELD, MUSKOGEE
COUNTY, OKLA.

By C. H. RicGs, J. L. EAKIN, AND
K. H. JOHNSTON

* « + «© «*  »  «*  » Report of Investigations 5448

THE WORK UPON WHICH THIS REPORT IS BASED WAS DONE UNDER A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE BUREAU OF MINES, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, AND THE
STATE OF OKLAHOMA

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1959



‘TABLE 5. - Chemical and physical properties of waters, Muskogee ollfield

Caletun (Ca) | Vagnestun (Wa)] Sodium (Wa) [Carbonate (G03) [Bicarbonate (H00;)] Sulfate (50,) | Chlorige (ci)
depth, |Specitte earth Reactin Reacting Reactin
Location of vel Formation | Test’ | gravity |p.P.w,| values! p.2, vstueed P.Pim.|values!/|p.p.n, | vaiues!?|p.p.m, | values!
58 TW Ne, Re AT B| 2.085 ]5,400 | 6.60 1,00 | 2.82 0 | 0.00 | abu 0.10 | 498] 0.25
© we 6.78 |xjbuo | 2.56 ° too | 132 sok | 332] 35
SH We 5.80 |1,450 | 2.37 ° Too | 194 sor | 639) 126
© ae 6.09 |,530 | 2:87 ° too | Lio 105 | 713] 34
w
© 18 E 5.47 |2,930 | 3.56 ° 200 .03 | - -
SE 38 7245 2,000 | 3127 ° too | 334 fob | 96] len
SH 38 E 5:40 2,900 | 3-62 ° too | 3 he | age} t
mw 38 5:77 |asigo | 3.22 ° too | “uo. Toe | ile | ‘oe
W BE 5:62 |z;770 | 3:h6 ° too | 37 toe | 105 | ‘05
SH 38 6108. ]35320 | 2.74 ° too | a2e 2052530) .80
3H 1B E 4.83 /2,730 | 3.15 ° too | 165 t06 [72 :
5H BE 6:65 |3,900 | 436 ° S00 | 208 ta. 955 | en
w BE 5:28 |3;600 | 3:23 ° too | 122 tos "305 | “Lae
SE BE 7:15 |1;820 | 3.23 ° too | 37 tor | > Z
5B BE 6:26 |3;450 | 3.26 ° too | 85 foe |e :
SH BE 6.02 |a;6h0 | 3:23, ° too | 6 to | = :
ne |ij68 | 3:26 136 zo
WE 1/h sec. 12, TM. 5.42 [2,050 | 2.68 ° soo | 268 09 | woe | .26
WW If sec. 2, T. 5: [1,260 | 2.7% ° Yoo | la | + :
SE 1/¥ sec. 3, 7. Greg |a;205 | 2.93, ° 100 | 299 6 | 156] 20
Wi/i sec. 5, 7. 5:96 |1)105 | 2.97 ° too | 207 ta | - t
SW 1/4 sec. 5, 7. igo |ajaso | 2st ° too | ark ne |: :
Feet 32,880 196 in
1 1/4 sec. we 4,96 | 865 | 2.52 |27,700| 42.53 | 0 .00 | 92 206 | 139 | .20 [50,000] 49.84
1 1/4 sec. 23, TB uite | 752 | 2:06 [29;,800| 43.20 | 0 too | 82 tor | > S }53;200| 49.96
SW 1/ sec. WE 060 4176 | 861 | 2.25 [31,100] 42.99 | 0 too | 85, tou | = = |55,700| 49.96
TE 1/4 sec. BE 065 3, ures | 951 | 2127 [34,200] 43.09 | 0 too | 55 tos. | = = |62}000 | 49:97
WE 1/4 sec. We (058 |2;600 | 455 | ato | 2.t2 }28,200) 43:03 | 0 too | & tok |= = [505490 | 49.96
SE 1/4 sec. BE 1062 2,900 | 4:22 | 885 | 2.12 |34,hoo| 43. ° ‘00 tok | 96 |  .06 60,700] 49.90
WW 1/4 sec. we 056 2,580 | 45h | 773 | 2.2k 28,200] 43.22 | 0 too | 37 tos | = |50;300 | 49:57
1/2 sec. iE 051 f2y450 | .51 | 760 | 2:32 |26,900/ 43:28 | 0 too | 122 tor | 165 | 113. |r7,800| 49.80
SW I/k sec. 35, BE ‘06 |2,060 | lor | 646 | 2110 [25,500] 43.63 | 0 to | a feo | = : 3600 | 49.80
Averages+ 056 lan7 | 55 | a5 | 2:25 |e9,5uu| 43.29 B us 52,632 85,825| 92 :
Ww 1/i sec, 3, 7. 1b Ne, Re 18 B[Shaliow supply | 340 | 1.008 | 320 169 | 2.80 | 918]46.35 | 0 woo | 83 92 | 138] «33 | 2,490] 48.75 | 3,938] - 5
WE 1/4 sec. 12, 7. 14 Ns, R17 B[Pond supply  Surface| 1.006 | 312 iso | é:e1_| 1,920| 36:40 | 0 too | 3h v3 | - 2° | Moso| vac77_ | 6,503] = :

7 Reacting values; percent Palmer.
2/ Tinber Ridge and Muskogee mixed.

9¢


uy

wells in this zone. Two or more of the wells produced exclusively from the
bad-hole sand.

Stray Sand

From 30 to 50 feet above the Muskogee sand are 2 or 3 beds of sand and
shaly sand, known as stray sand. In a few driller logs the stray sand was not
differentiated from the underlying Muskogee sand. Its position is clearly in-
dicated in the electric and gamma-ray logs. Samples of drill cuttings ind-
cate the sand to have medium-sized angular grains firmly cemented with dark
shale or limestone. One well was cored through the stray sand, and porosity
measurements of the cores (see fig. 2) indicated an average of 8 percent.
Where oil-productive, the sand is probably more porous. Approximately 20
wells scattered throughout the field have produced oil or gas from the stray
sand. Most of these wells produced oil from the stray and the Muskogee sand,
but on two leases in the central and eastern part of the field, several wells
were completed to produce exclusively from the stray sands. On one of these
leases, 5 wells produced a total of 3,285 barrels of oil during the peak year
of 1921. On a second 40-acre lease two wells completed in 1920 had initial,
daily oil-production rates of 12 and 40 barrels, respectively. Accumulative
oil production from these two wells for the period ending in 1941 was approx-
imately 7,200 barrels. In 1957 no wells were known to be producing exclusively
from the stray sand, although two wells were open into the stray and into the
Muskogee sand. Probably most oil production was from the Muskogee.

PRODUCTION

History

The early history of production of most leases in the Muskogee field is
unknown, and only during the settled production period since 1931 has data for
all productive leases been assembled. Complete production records were avail-
able for 35 representative leases, and these records were used to estimate the
early oil-production history for the entire field. Figure 8 shows the oil-
production history of the 35 representative leases, and the estimated oil-pro-
duction history of the entire Muskogee oilfield from 1904 to 1957, inclusive.
Curves for the 35 representative leases and for the entire field are very sim-
ilar. As a result of the many wells completed in 1910 the rate of oil produc-
tion for the field attained a peak of about 1,340,000 barrels that year, but
thereafter it declined rapidly to approximately 131,000 barrels in 1918. Post-
war drilling in 1919 and 1920 resulted in another peak annual rate of oil pro-
duction of about 270,000 barrels in 1920. From this peak yearly oil production
declined gradually to 80,000 barrels in 1928. From 1928 to 1939 the rate of
oil production was sustained by new completions and injections of gas. During
World War II many leases were abandoned because of shortages of strategic ma-
terial, and the annual production of oil reached a low of 37,000 barrels in
1948. In 1949 and the early 1950's many of these leases were redeveloped and
hydraulically fractured. The yearly rate of oil production increased to a peak
of 70,000 barrels in 1952 and since has decreased gradually to 62,000 barrels
in 1957. It is estimated that from the discovery date in 1894 to January 1,
1958, 9,679,000 barrels of oil was recovered from the Muskogee oilfield..




RITE.

RIBE.

Ss | ce ae) a o

FS tnoesimaane r |
Oo
pp \_[ |
. Yy Ua 1
TT

RIVE

RiGe.

FIGURE 14. - Areas of Muskogee Sand Most Suitable for Waterflood Development.


22

wells, indicates that much of the flush oil was recovered by expansion of gas.
A gas cap along part of the northern edge of the field and the absence of pro~
duced water substantiate the importance of the gas-expansion mechanism.

Gravity Drainage

Although some drainage occurs by gravity in every oilfield, this mechanism
is particularly important in the Muskogee field. Many of the upstructure wells
were abandoned early because they "dried up," whereas downstructure wells and
leases have large, cumulative oil recoveries. Although the condition of the
sand is most important in governing the productivity of oil wells, many of the
better wells still producing are in structurally low areas. Recoveries per
acre-foot of Muskogee and Timber Ridge sand are higher for many structurally
low leases.

Water Drive

A review of available well-test data and abandonment records shows that in
no known part of the field has movement of water assisted as an oil-production
mechanism; however, it has been noted that wells that produce even small amounts
of formation water remain free from deposits of paraffins. Many edge wells re-
quire periodic pulling to remove waxes deposited on the pumping equipment. The
complete absence of an active water drive is demonstrated by the rapid decline
in the rates of oil production and by the absence of water from wells in down-
structure areas of the field.

Produced Fluids
Character of Produced Oil

Samples of crude oil were taken from 71 wells in the Muskogee field for
visual examination; 5 were analyzed by the Bureau of Mines routine method, and
their analyses indicate that the oil has a relatively high API gravity and high
gasoline content with a low sulfur content. Analyses of representative samples
of Muskogee and Timber Ridge oil are shown in tables 3 and 4, These analyses
show the oils to be similar and probably from a common source of supply.

Through the use of the correlation index developed by Bureau of Mines chem-
ists2/ as an aid in interpreting crude-oil analyses, it was found that Muskogee-
field crude oils closely resemble the Bradford paraffin type of crude oil. When
the correlaticn-index numbers were plotted against their respective Hempel frac-
tion numbers, all the curves fell in a band close to a curve representing Brad-
ford crude oil. The curves indicated that the Muskogee oil samples were less
naphthenic than the East Texas intermediate type of crude oil.

i/ Smith, Harold M., Correlation Index to Aid in Interpreting Crude-Oil Anal-
yses:; Bureau of Mines Tech. Paper 610, 1940, 34 pp.


O/L, THOUSAND BARRELS

90]

80]

70]

60]

50}

40)

30]

o

T T T T
: TP TT yy
type
| HLL
\
RITE RIGE.
45)
2
fy
Fewet no29?_#
rr
#|
T 3 id
LU 4) Sy Ae i
N, @
OO TO hy Feo
shoe Fe 4:
, ra
Je 4
LJ 1p —Amasnington wi2ig g? 6 $ 4
LEGEND
@ O1L WELL
. § ABANDONED OIL WELL
— @ WATER-INJECTION WELL|
vewosnington 9% ORY HOLE
_——
L| © 1900 2900 3000 _4p00 15,700 BARRELS Ny,
tt
L ‘SCALE - FEET (WATER FLOODING) v
&
NI
oy
rey
el ] FS
LI | 8
zg
LI | &
! x
Ht §
609,000 BARRELS ut}
(PRIMARY) | YU
Lu Lrit | jt Pt

[j

o
OIL, THOUSAND BARRELS

1910

1915, 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950

FIGURE 13. - Production History and Map of Beebe Oil Co. Crekola Waterflooding Project.

1955

Te


TABLE 2. - Oil-recovery data to January 1, 1958, by leases and producing formations, Muskogee oilfield (Con.)

Year
Lease first oi1| Total Muskogee sand Timber Ridge sand Upper_sand
No.2/| operator _and lease2/ sold Status barrels [Acres JAcre-feet| Barrels Acres |Acre=feet| Barrels [Acres |Acre-feet | Barrels
T. 1GN., R. 18 E. (con):
Sec. 2: |
44| Foltz - S. A. Crabtree. 1920 |Abandoned-1932| 3/6,600 | - - - - - - 60.0] 1,340 3/5,600
45|H. L. Jolly - . A. crabtree, | 1920 | do. .. +. |See No. 44] 5.7 4 1,000 | - - - 10.0] °220 |see No. 44
46 | Minneokla - W. Callahan. 1920 |Abandoned-1927 14,100 349 47 14,100 = - - - - -
47|W. K. Callahan - s. Callahan. 1911 |Abandoned-1916 8,500 - - - 7.7 31 8,500 - - -
48 | Foltz = Toops. . 1919 |Active. | 30,600 17.7 283 17,400 26.3 211 13,200| - - -
49| Tidewater - A. Brady. 1909 | Abandoned-1932 4,500 3.0 148 4,500 - - - - - -
50| Josaline - R. Vaughn. 1909 | Abandoned-1916 1,800 9.6 479 1,800 - - - - - -
51] Arthur - A. Stephens, 1919 | Abandoned-1942 3,900 6.2 259 3,900 - - - - - -
52] Arthur - R. Vaughn.. 1910 | Abandoned-1917 1,800 2.1 82 1,800 - - - - - -
53) Arthur - A, Stephens.. 1919 | Abandoned~1944| 11,900 2.3 114 11,900 - - - - - -
54] Burkan ~ P. Wisdom 1910 | Active. 3/104,900] 5.5 246 | 3/104,900 | ~ - - - : 2
55) Dow. eee 1910 | Abandoned-1944|See No. 54 2.3 82 |See No. 54 - - - - - -
56| Ellis - Gatewood. 1949 | Active. 3/69,000 2.7 110 3/58 ,000 2.3 34 3/11,000] = - -
57| Ellis - Muskogee County. 1951 do. . eee-|See No. 56 os) 23 |See No. 56 9D 27 |See No. 56] - - -
58} Josaline - M-K-T. 1951 | Abandoned-1953 do. 5.3 172 do. 2.3 46 do. - - -
59] V. Mac Levie - Scroggins... 1948 | Abandoned-1956 do. 14.4 366 do. 763 73 do. - - -
60| W. J. Harrison - Marsden.. 1951 | Active. do. 14 285 do. - - - - - -
61| Tidewater - A. Brady. 1909 | Abandoned-: 1932 13,800 15.5 252 13,800 - - - - - -
62| W. Henning - Fee 1909 ]Abandoned-1920| 22,300| 9.8 12 22,300 | - - - - - -
63] Tautenhohn - Prindle. 1910 | Abandoned~1917] 3/130,500 4.6 98 3/77 ,800 4.6 50 3/52,700| = -
64] J. Johnson - G. H. Johnson. 1910 See No. 63 17.8 353 |See No. 63 24.9 373 |See No. 63| - -
65] Foltz - Boen, 1910 do. 3.6 5 do. 10.3 92 do. - - -
66| Culbertson-Cavin...... 1910 do. nS 224 do. 1d 16 do. - - -
67| Butler - S. Hodge. 7 1921 | Abandoned-1926 2,600 3.9 78 2,600 | = - - - - -
68] Stroupe et al. - S. Hodge.. 1920. | Abandoned-1928 9,400 13.9 214 6,400 6.4 96 3,000} - = -
69| Smith - Pratt.. 1909 3/361,300 20.5 649 | 3/326,000 1 19 3/30,300] = - -
70} Mullins - Mooney. 1909 See No. 69 21.2 799 |See No. 69 11.4 132 |See No. 69] 10.0 130 5,000
71| Foltz ~ M. Sander 1909 See No. 25| 71.6] 1,510 |see No. 25| 7.8 91 |see No. 25] ~ - -
7
72) A. T. Kreps ~ F. Durant 1909 |Abandoned-1941| 46,300] 14.1 281 31,300 | 17.3 132 15,000] ~ - -
73| A. T. Kreps ~ Shouse... 1920 dow ve 7,200 - - - - - - 10.0 175 7,200
74) C. H. Colpitt - Maull. 1922 | Abandoned-1926 1,600 - . - 45.1 518 1,600} - - -
75| Foltz ~ smith. ” 1919 | Abandoned-1949| 3/45,300] 3.5 s2| 3/31,300 | 9.9 129 | 3/14,000| = - -
76| zaline - Warner 1919 see No. 75] 24.0 383 |see No. 75] 3.0 48 |see No. 75| - - -
77) L. G. Decius - Smit 1908 29,100 | 23.7 356 24,100 | 3.2 16 1,000] 5.0 60 4,000
78| Tidewater - S, Woodward. 1910 160,500 53.1 1,505 160,500 - - - - - -
79| Cumberland - Meredith. 1920 79,300} 49.2 839 47,100 | 41.3 513 28,200] 5.0 60 4,000
80| Tidewater - V. Woodwarc 1908 130,900} 29.2 804 56,500 | 48.9] 1,067 74,400] = - -
81| Tidewater - L. Grimmett 1908 760,800 | 31.1] 1,250 | 297,500 | 70.0/ 1,889 | 448,300] 10.0 60 15,000
82| Tidewater - J. Gaines. 1911 278,100 | 32.9 666 | 111,100 | 72.4 989 | 167,000] - - >
83] Tidewater - J. R. Thomas. 1909 3/402, 900 39.6 1,051 | 3/402,900 - - - - - -
84| Tidewater - C. T. Foreman 1909 see No. 83| 117.5| 2,969 |see No. 83 | - - - - - -
85| Shelors - T. Sango. 1909 | Abandoned-1936| 3/121,300 20.2 484 | 3/111,200 - - - - - -
86| Horton - T. Sango. 1909 dow seeee +|See No. 85 58.5 1,116 |See No. 85 9.9 145 10,100) - - .
87| 7. P. McAdams ~ Rooney. 1908 |Abandoned-1951| 56,100 | 13.8 331 15,100 | 26.6 620 28,000 | 20.0] 280 13,000
88] Arthur - Allen..... 1909 | Abandoned-1944 105,700 - - - 35.8 589 73,200 | 24.0 268 32,500
89| Arthur - K. Roberts, 1908 dow sesseeeee| 3/159, 900 37.9 726 3/93,600 22.7 437 (3/66,300] - - -
90] Murray - Gunnsey. 1908 | do. .... see No. 89| 10.6 169 |see No. 89 | 8.5 180 |sce No. 89] ~ - -
91| Tidewater - K. Roberts. 1908 | Active... 423,100 38.8 864 216,100 43.2 820 207,000) - - -
921 Beebe - Fewel. 1909 do. . 51,600 - - - 37.0 383 47,600 | 10.0 90 4,000

LT


ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and cooperation of employees
of the Tidewater Oil Co., of other operators in the field, and of the Five
Civilized Tribes Indian Agency at Muskogee, Okla., which supplied much infor-
mation for this report.

John M. Foltz, W. J. Cook, B. J. Ellis, and J. A. McKay supplied valuable
historical and oil-production data. Well logs and other geological data were
obtained from W. H. Pine, Albert Hansen, Lee Swindler, and David Logan.

This study was made and the report written under a cooperative agreement
with the State of Oklahoma.

DISCOVERY AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT

According to tafe3/ oil was discovered first in the Muskogee oilfield in
1894, when two wells were drilled in the Muskogee townsite. In one of these
wells sand at a depth of 665 feet yielded 12 barrels of oil a day. Sand pene-
trated at a depth of 1,100 feet in the second well produced 60 barrels of oil
a day; however, because of the difficulty of securing valid titles, the area
was not developed by additional wells until 1904. During 1904, 30 or 40 oil-
productive wells were drilled in the southern part of the city on a strip of
land one-quarter mile in width and 1 mile in length, extending from northeast
to southwest .4/ The combined capacity of these wells in 1904 was estimated
at 1,000 barrels a day. All this land was not productive, however, for a
group of six wells near its center proved to be barren, and a few wells on
the north, east, south, and west sides of this strip did not yield oil in pay-
ing quantities. By 1905 the area had been fairly well tested, and operations
slackened.

In 1906 the field was extended to the southwest, and in 1907 successful
exploratory drilling in secs. 8 and 9, T. 14N., R. 18 E., extended the pro-
ductive area several miles to the southwest. For several years after these
discoveries drilling continued at a rapid rate.

GEOLOGY

Location, Topography, and Drainage

The Muskogee oilfield covers parts of Tps. 14 and 15 N., Rs. 17 and 18 E.
The northeastern edge of the field is within the city limits of Muskogee,
where the discovery wells were drilled; the southwestern edge is about 8 miles
southwest of the city. United States Highways Nos. 64 and 69 run through the
eastern part of the field. The eastern boundary is just west of the original
Creek-Cherokee Indian Nation boundary line.

3/ Taff, Joseph A., Description of the Muscogee Quadrangle Indian Territory,
Oklahoma: Geol. Survey Folio 132, 1906, 8 pp., 3 maps.

4/ Soyster, Hale B., and Taylor, Thomas G., Muskogee County: Oklahoma Geol.
Survey Bull. 40, (Oil and Gas in Oklahoma, vol. 3, Norman, Okla.,) July
1930, 28 pp.

495789 0-59 -2


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FIGURE 15. - Areas of Timber Ridge Sand Most Suitable for Waterflood Development.

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FIGURE 3. - Structure-Contour Map of Surface of Muskogee Sand.