Issued March 2018

Federal Legislative and Program Uses

Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and 

American Community Survey
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey iii

Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Protecting the Information Collected by These Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Questions Planned for the 2020 Census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Citizenship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Hispanic Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Sex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Tenure (Owner/Renter). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Operational Questions for use in the 2020 Census.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Questions Planned for the American Community Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Acreage and Agricultural Sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Ancestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Commuting (Journey to Work). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Computer and Internet Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Fertility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Grandparent Caregivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Health Insurance Coverage and Health Insurance Premiums and Subsidies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Hispanic Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Home Heating Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Home Value and Rent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Industry, Occupation, and Class of Worker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Labor Force Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Language Spoken at Home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Marital Status and Marital History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Migration (Previous Residence)/Residence 1 Year Ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Place of Birth, Citizenship, and Year of Entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Plumbing Facilities, Kitchen Facilities, and Telephone Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

School Enrollment, Educational Attainment, and Undergraduate Field of Degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Selected Monthly Owner Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Sex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)/Food Stamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Tenure (Owner/Renter). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Units in Structure, Rooms, and Bedrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Vehicles Available. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Veteran Status, Period of Military Service, and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) 

 Service-Connected Disability Rating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Work Status Last Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Year Built and Year Moved In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Operational Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Appendix A: Year the Planned Questions Were First Asked in the Decennial Census Program . . . . . . . . . . A1
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 1

Introduction

BACKGROUND

Since 1790, a national census of the U.S. population 

has been conducted every 10 years, as required by the 

U.S. Constitution. Additional information beyond the 

population count has been collected with each census 

in response to the challenges facing the nation and a 

national desire to understand ourselves.

For much of the 20th century, most addresses 

received a “short” form, while a portion of addresses 

received a more detailed “long” form. The Census 

2000 short form was designed to collect basic 

demographic and housing information (i.e., age, 

sex, race, Hispanic origin, relationship, and tenure) 

to be used for congressional apportionment and to 

provide data to states for intrastate redistricting. The 

long form, sent to approximately 1 in 6 households, 

collected social, housing, and economic information 

(e.g., educational attainment, disability status, 

employment status, income, and housing costs) that 

was used to plan and determine funding for a wide 

array of federal, state, local, and tribal programs. 

Since 2005, in order to provide communities, 

businesses, and the public with the detailed longform information more frequently, these data have 

been collected monthly (and released annually) 

through the American Community Survey (ACS).1

This innovation enabled the 2010 Census to be a 

“short-form-only” census. Decoupling the collection 

of short- and long-form data allowed the U.S. Census 

Bureau to focus decennial census efforts on the 

constitutional requirements to produce a count of 

the resident population, while employing technology 

in both collections to improve efficiencies, improve 

accuracy, and reduce costs. The result has been 

the dissemination of more current and detailed 

information than has ever been available.

The 2020 Decennial Census Program, comprised of 

the 2020 Census and the ACS, will provide an official 

count through a "short-form-only" census (i.e., age, 

sex, race, Hispanic origin, relationship, tenure, and 

citizenship), as well as a portrait of communities 

counted across the nation through data collected 

by the ACS. This program is the only data-gathering 

effort that collects information from enough people to 

1

 The ACS also collects short-form data on its questionnaire. 

However, the ACS asks for basic demographic and housing 

information from a sample of households, while the decennial 

census asks for basic demographic and housing information from all 

households.

produce comparable data for every geographic area 

recognized by the Census Bureau. 

SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS PLANNED FOR 

THE 2020 DECENNIAL CENSUS PROGRAM

The Census Act requires that the questions to be 

included in the next census be submitted to Congress 

no later than 2 years before the census date. The 

contents of this handbook describe the questions that 

will be asked on the 2020 Census and the ACS.

ABOUT THE QUESTIONS PLANNED FOR 

THE 2020 DECENNIAL CENSUS PROGRAM

Throughout each decade, regular content reviews are 

conducted to ensure that the information collected 

through the decennial census program is required by 

federal programs.2

To prepare for the 2020 Census, the Office of 

Management and Budget and the Census Bureau 

embarked on a comprehensive review including 

chartering the Interagency Council on Statistical Policy 

(ICSP) Subcommittee on the ACS and conducting the 

2014 ACS Content Review. This effort was designed 

to examine and confirm the value of each question 

on the ACS, and to confirm and update the statutory 

and regulatory authority for the questions with federal 

agencies. In 2016, the Census Bureau asked federal 

agencies to provide any updates to this documentation.

The resulting information about federal uses is 

presented throughout the descriptions of the questions 

on the following pages. These descriptions are 

designed to give the reader a clear understanding 

of 1) the relationship between questions asked of 

respondents and the summarized data that are 

released in published tables, 2) how federal agencies 

use the resulting data, and 3) the benefits of the data at 

the community level.

2 Selected statutory uses of each subject are published in the 

"Subjects Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community 

Survey," available at <www.census.gov/library/publications/2017/dec

/planned-subjects-2020-acs.html>.
2 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Protecting the Information Collected by These Questions

The Census Bureau has an obligation to produce 

accurate, relevant statistics about the nation’s 

economy and people, but we recognize that the 

information collected by these questions is often 

private. We depend on cooperation and trust, 

and promise to protect the confidentiality of this 

information. 

Federal law protects this information; Title 13 of the 

U.S. Code protects the confidentiality of all collected 

information. Violating this law is a crime with severe 

penalties. Please visit <www.census.gov/about

/policies/privacy/data_protection/federal_law.html> 

for details.

OUR PRIVACY PRINCIPLES

We recognize the value of respondent trust, and 

we believe that when a person answers the 2020 

Census or the ACS we must serve as caretakers of the 

information. The Census Bureau’s Privacy Principles 

remind us of this promise and help ensure the 

protection of respondent information throughout all of 

our activities.

The Privacy Principles are our guidelines. They help 

us as we determine content to consider respondents’ 

rights and concerns. Every principle embodies a 

promise to the respondent.

Necessity: Do we need to collect information on 

this question?

Every time we prepare to ask a question, we 

determine whether the information is truly necessary. 

All of the information we collect is used for federal 

programs.

• We promise to collect only information necessary 

for each survey and census.

• We promise that we will use the information only 

to produce timely, relevant statistics about the 

population and the economy of the United States.

Openness: Do respondents know why we are 

collecting this information?

We collect information only for statistical purposes, 

and it is never used to identify individuals. Before 

participating, respondents have the right to know why 

we are conducting the survey or census, why we are 

asking specific questions, and the purposes for which 

the information will be used.

• We promise to inform respondents about the 

purpose and uses for every survey or census we 

conduct before respondents provide answers.

Respectful treatment of respondents: Are our 

efforts reasonable and do we treat people with 

respect?

• We promise to minimize the effort and time it takes 

for respondents to participate in the data collection 

by efficient designs.

• We promise to use only legal, ethical, and 

professionally accepted practices in collecting data.

• We promise to ensure any collection of sensitive 

information from children and other sensitive 

populations does not violate federal protections 

for research participants and is done only when it 

benefits the public good.

Confidentiality: How do we protect this 

information?

In addition to removing personally identifiable 

information (i.e., names, telephone numbers, and 

addresses) from our data files, we use various 

approaches to protect personal information—including 

computer technologies, statistical methodologies, and 

security procedures.

Our security measures ensure that only a restricted 

number of authorized people have access to private 

information and that access is only granted to conduct 

our work and for no other purposes. Every person who 

works with census confidential information collected by 

the Census Bureau is sworn for life to uphold the law.

Violating the confidentiality of a respondent is a 

federal crime with serious penalties, including a 

federal prison sentence of up to 5 years, a fine of up 

to $250,000, or both.

• We promise that every person with access to 

respondent information is sworn for life to protect 

respondent confidentiality.

• We promise that we will use every technology, 

statistical methodology, and physical security 

procedure at our disposal to protect respondent 

information.
Questions Planned for the 2020 Census
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 5

Age data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide funds or services 

for specific age groups, such as children, workingage adults, women of childbearing age, or the 

older population. These statistics are also used 

to enforce laws, regulations, and policies against 

age discrimination in government programs and in 

society. 

AGE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Assistance to Older Americans

Knowing how many people in a community are aged 

60 and older helps local officials provide programs 

and services that enable older adults to remain 

living safely in their homes and communities (Older 

Americans Act). Age data are also used in programs 

that provide services and assistance to seniors, such 

as financial assistance with utilities (Low Income Home 

Energy Assistance Program). 

Provide Assistance to Children and Families

Knowing the numbers and ages of children in families 

can help communities enroll eligible families in 

programs designed to assist them. For example, age 

data are used in targeted efforts to enroll eligible 

people in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance 

Program.

Educate Children and Adults

Knowing how many children and adults depend on 

services through schools helps school districts make 

long-term building, staffing, and funding decisions.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the age distribution of a community’s 

population helps government and communities 

enforce laws, regulations, and policies against 

discrimination based on age.

ANSWERS TO THE AGE AND DATE OF 

BIRTH QUESTION PROVIDE THE DATA 

THAT HELP US UNDERSTAND THE SIZE 

OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND 

HOW OTHER CHARACTERISTICS MAY 

VARY BY AGE.

Age asked since 1790.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 7

A QUESTION ABOUT A PERSON'S 

CITIZENSHIP IS USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT CITIZEN AND 

NONCITIZEN POPULATIONS. 

These statistics are essential for enforcing the Voting 

Rights Act and its protections against voting 

discrimination.

1

 Citizenship asked 1820, 1830, 1870, and 1890 to present.

CITIZENSHIP DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Enforce Voting Rights Law

Knowing how many people reside in the community 

and how many of those people are citizens, in 

combination with other information, provides the 

statistical information that helps the government 

enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act and its 

protections against discrimination in voting.

Understand Changes

Knowing how many citizens and noncitizens live in the 

United States, in combination with other information, 

is of interest to researchers, advocacy groups, and 

policymakers.

Citizenship asked since 1820.1
8 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 9

HISPANIC ORIGIN DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES: 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

We ask about the Hispanic or Latino origin of 

community members to help governments and 

communities enforce antidiscrimination laws, 

regulations, and policies. For example, data on the 

Hispanic population are used to:

• Establish and evaluate the guidelines for federal 

affirmative action plans under the Federal Equal 

Opportunity Recruitment Program.

• Monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act.

• Monitor and enforce equal employment 

opportunities under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• Identify segments of the population who may not 

be getting needed medical services under the 

Public Health Service Act.

Understand Changes 

Researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers 

are interested in knowing if the distribution of the 

Hispanic and non-Hispanic population changes by age, 

sex, relationship, and housing tenure. 

These data are required for federal and state 

programs and are critical factors in the basic research 

behind numerous policies, particularly for civil 

rights. Hispanic origin data are used in planning and 

funding government programs that provide funds 

or services for specific groups. These data are also 

used to evaluate government programs and policies 

to ensure they fairly and equitably serve the needs of 

the Hispanic population and to monitor compliance 

with antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and policies. 

States also use these data to meet legislative 

redistricting requirements. 

Though many respondents expect to see a Hispanic, 

Latino, or Spanish category on the race question, 

this question is asked separately because people of 

Hispanic origin may be of any race(s) in accordance 

with the 1997 Office of Management and Budget 

standards on race and ethnicity. 

A QUESTION ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON IS OF HISPANIC, LATINO, OR 

SPANISH ORIGIN IS USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT THIS ETHNIC 

GROUP.

Hispanic Origin asked since 1970.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 11

These data are required for federal, state, and 

tribal programs and are critical factors in the basic 

research behind numerous policies, particularly 

for civil rights. Race data are used in planning and 

funding government programs that provide funds 

or services for specific groups. These data are also 

A QUESTION ABOUT A PERSON’S 

RACE IS USED TO CREATE STATISTICS 

ABOUT RACE AND TO PRESENT 

OTHER STATISTICS BY RACE GROUPS.

used to evaluate government programs and policies 

to ensure they fairly and equitably serve the needs 

of all racial groups and to monitor compliance with 

antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and policies. States 

also use these data to meet legislative redistricting 

requirements. 

The U.S. Census Bureau collects race data in 

accordance with the 1997 Office of Management and 

Budget standards on race and ethnicity. The categories 

on race are based on self-identification and generally 

reflect a social definition of race. The categories 

are not an attempt to define race biologically, 

anthropologically, or genetically.

Race asked since 1790.
12 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

RACE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the races of community members 

helps government and communities enforce 

antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and policies. For 

example, race data are used in the following ways:

• Establish and evaluate the guidelines for federal 

affirmative action plans under the Federal Equal 

Opportunity Recruitment Program. 

• Monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act. 

• Monitor and enforce equal employment 

opportunities under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 

• Identify segments of the population who may not 

be getting needed medical services under the 

Public Health Service Act. 

Understand Changes

Researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers are 

interested in knowing if the distribution of the different 

racial groups changes by age, sex, relationship, and 

housing tenure. 

Administer Programs for Specific Groups

Knowing how many people are eligible to participate 

in certain programs helps communities, including tribal 

governments, ensure that programs are operating 

as intended. For example, the Indian Housing Block 

Grant program, Indian Community Development Block 

Grant program, and Indian Health Service all depend 

on accurate statistics of American Indians and Alaska 

Natives. Data for the American Indian and Alaska 

Native population come from the question about a 

person’s race.

Race asked since 1790—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 13

Relationship data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide funds or services 

for families, people living or raising children alone, 

grandparents living with grandchildren, or other 

households that qualify for additional assistance. 

RELATIONSHIP DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing about the different types of households 

in a community (single people, couples, families, 

roommates, etc.) helps communities understand 

whether available housing meets the needs of 

residents. 

When housing is not sufficient or not affordable, 

relationship data can help communities enroll eligible 

households in programs designed to assist them, 

and can help communities qualify for grants from 

the Community Development Block Grant, HOME 

Investment Partnership Program, Emergency Solutions 

Grant, Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, 

and other programs.

Provide Assistance to Families

Knowing more about families, such as the ages of 

children, can help communities enroll eligible families 

in programs designed to assist them, such as Head 

Start and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, and 

can help communities qualify for grants to fund these 

programs. Relationship data are also used to ensure 

that programs like Temporary Assistance for Needy 

Families are making a difference for families.

A QUESTION ABOUT THE 

RELATIONSHIP OF EACH PERSON IN 

A HOUSEHOLD TO ONE CENTRAL 

PERSON IS USED TO CREATE 

ESTIMATES ABOUT FAMILIES, 

HOUSEHOLDS, AND OTHER GROUPS, 

AND TO PRESENT OTHER DATA AT A 

HOUSEHOLD LEVEL.

Relationship asked since 1880.
14 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Relationship asked since 1880—Con.

Understand Changing Households

Information about living arrangements and how they 

are changing, including whether older residents are 

staying in their homes as they age, whether young 

people are living with parents or moving in with 

roommates, and which kinds of households include 

young children, can help communities plan future 

programs and services for residents. For example, 

the Social Security Administration estimates future 

program needs based on the current relationships of 

working people.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 15

Data disaggregated by sex are used in planning and 

funding government programs and in evaluating 

other government programs and policies to ensure 

they fairly and equitably serve the needs of males 

and females. These statistics are also used to enforce 

laws, regulations, and policies against discrimination in 

government programs and in society.

DATA DISAGGREGATED BY SEX HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Provide Resources for Education

Data disaggregated by sex are used to allocate 

funds to institutions of higher learning that increase 

participation, particularly of minority women, in 

scientific and engineering programs under the Higher 

Education Act.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Data disaggregated by sex are used to evaluate 

employment practices under the Civil Rights Act of 

1964. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 

using sex-disaggregated data, establishes and 

evaluates guidelines dealing with equal employment 

opportunity. Data disaggregated by sex are used to 

evaluate housing policies and practices under the Civil 

Rights Act.

Understand Changes

State and local planners analyze social and economic 

characteristics of males and females to predict future 

needs for housing, education, childcare, health care, 

transportation, and employment.

A QUESTION ABOUT THE SEX OF 

EACH PERSON IS USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT MALES AND 

FEMALES AND TO PRESENT OTHER 

DATA BY SEX.

Sex asked since 1790.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 17

Tenure is the most basic characteristic to assess 

housing inventory. Tenure data are used in government 

programs that analyze whether adequate housing is 

available to residents. Tenure data are also used to 

provide and fund housing assistance programs. These 

statistics are also used to enforce laws, regulations, 

and policies against discrimination in private-market 

housing, government programs, and in society.

TENURE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the rates of home rental and ownership helps 

communities understand whether available housing 

meets the needs of residents. 

When housing is not sufficient, data about owners 

and renters can help communities enroll eligible 

households in programs designed to assist them.

Plan Community Development

Knowing how the balance of rented homes, 

mortgaged homes, and homes owned free and 

clear changes over time can help communities 

understand changes in local housing markets; identify 

opportunities to improve tax, assistance, and zoning 

policies; and reduce tax revenue losses from vacant or 

abandoned properties. 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the characteristics of people who rent and 

people who own homes in the community, such as 

age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, helps government 

and communities enforce laws, such as the 1968 Fair 

Housing Act, designed to eliminate discrimination in 

housing. 

Understand Changing Households

Knowing whether older residents are staying in homes 

as they age or moving into rented homes, and whether 

young people are staying with parents, renting with 

roommates, or buying homes, can help governments 

and communities distribute funds appropriately 

between homeownership and rental housing programs 

and services for residents. 

A QUESTION ABOUT WHETHER A 

HOME IS OWNED OR RENTED IS USED 

TO CREATE DATA ABOUT TENURE, 

RENTERS, AND HOMEOWNERSHIP.

Tenure (Owner/Renter)

IJ

Were there any additional people staying here on April 1, 2020

that you did not include in Question 1?

Mark K all that apply.

2.

r black pen.

er Question 1, count the people living in this

, or mobile home using our guidelines.

e, including babies, who live and sleep here 

e.

ple were living or staying in this house, 

mobile home on April 1, 2020?

ple =

and sleeps at this address most of the time, go 

y.census.gov or call the number on page 8.

Children, related or unrelated, such as newborn babies, 

grandchildren, or foster children

Relatives, such as adult children, cousins, or in-laws

Nonrelatives, such as roommates or live-in babysitters

People staying here temporarily

No additional people

3. Is this house, apartment, or mobile home — Mark IJK ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage

or loan? Include home equity loans.

Owned by you or someone in this household free and clear

(without a mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of rent?

also include people without a permanent

o does not have a permanent place to live is 

 April 1, 2020, count that person.

4. What is your telephone number?

Telephone Number

– –

We will only contact you if needed for official Census Bureau 

business.

au also conducts counts in institutions and

nyone living away from here, either at college 

d Forces.

nyone in a nursing home, jail, prison, detention

April 1, 2020.

ople off your questionnaire, even if they will 

ere after they leave college, the nursing home, 

 etc. Otherwise, they may be counted twice.

FORM D-Q(E/S) (09-05-2017) Draft 2

§,a!3¤

asked since 1890.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 19

Operational Questions for use in the 2020 Census.

IJ

Were there any additional people staying here on April 1, 2020

that you did not include in Question 1?

Mark K all that apply.

2.

 in this

s.

here 

se, 

me, go 

e 8.

Children, related or unrelated, such as newborn babies, 

grandchildren, or foster children

Relatives, such as adult children, cousins, or in-laws

Nonrelatives, such as roommates or live-in babysitters

People staying here temporarily

No additional people

3. Is this house, apartment, or mobile home — Mark IJK ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage

or loan? Include home equity loans.

Owned by you or someone in this household free and clear

(without a mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of rent?

nent

ve is 

4. What is your telephone number?

Telephone Number

– –

We will only contact you if needed for official Census Bureau 

business.

ns and

ollege 

tention

 will 

home, 

wice.

vey.census.gov to complete the 2020 Census.

FORM D-Q(E/S) (09-05-2017) Draft 2

§,a!3¤

IJ

Were there any additional people staying here on April 1, 2020

that you did not include in Question 1?

Mark K all that apply.

2.

 in this

s.

here 

se, 

me, go 

 8.

Children, related or unrelated, such as newborn babies, 

grandchildren, or foster children

Relatives, such as adult children, cousins, or in-laws

Nonrelatives, such as roommates or live-in babysitters

People staying here temporarily

No additional people

3. Is this house, apartment, or mobile home — Mark IJK ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this household with a mortgage

or loan? Include home equity loans.

Owned by you or someone in this household free and clear

(without a mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of rent?

nent

ve is 

4. What is your telephone number?

Telephone Number

– –

We will only contact you if needed for official Census Bureau 

business.

ns and

ollege 

tention

 will 

home, 

wice.

vey.census.gov to complete the 2020 Census.

FORM D-Q(E/S) (09-05-2017) Draft 2

§,a!3¤

Some operational questions will appear on the 2020 Census that will not result in published counts. These 

questions are asked to better administer the data collection process and to ensure greater accuracy of the data 

collected. Contact information is not part of published estimates and is carefully protected, as mandated by 

federal law, to respect the personal information of respondents.
This page is intentionally blank.
Questions Planned for the American Community Survey
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 23

These data are used in planning government programs 

designed to benefit the farm population and identifying 

or excluding agricultural areas for many other 

programs.

ACREAGE AND AGRICULTURAL SALES 

DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Equitable Housing Assistance

Knowing which homes might qualify for farm subsidies 

and which homes qualify for housing subsidies is 

important to ensure that funds are fairly allocated. 

For example, the historical definition of Fair Market 

Rents, used to allocate housing assistance, has always 

excluded units on acreage of more than 10 acres to 

eliminate those units that might benefit from farm 

subsidies and therefore have lower-than-market rents. 

Understanding which kinds of properties are eligible 

for certain programs helps communities inform eligible 

residents and determine whether the community is 

eligible for funds based on its farm population. 

Support Agricultural Programs

Knowing which areas of a community are agricultural 

helps communities ensure eligible institutions receive 

funding for cooperative agricultural extension work 

and agricultural research. This funding is distributed to 

eligible institutions based on a legislatively determined 

formula that uses these data.

Plan Community Development

Knowing the size and agricultural nature of 

areas of each community can help communities 

understand changes in local housing markets; identify 

opportunities to improve tax, assistance, and zoning 

policies; and reduce tax revenue losses from vacant or 

abandoned properties. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ACREAGE 

ASSOCIATED WITH HOUSES, MOBILE 

HOMES, AND AGRICULTURAL SALES 

ARE USED TO CREATE DATA ABOUT 

AGRICULTURAL PROPERTIES AND TO 

BETTER UNDERSTAND HOME VALUE 

STATISTICS.

Acreage and

Agricultural Sales

7

➜

§.${U¤

13039052

Answer questions 4 – 5 if this is a HOUSE

OR A MOBILE HOME; otherwise, SKIP to

question 6a.

A

Please answer the following

questions about the house,

apartment, or mobile home at the

address on the mailing label.

A mobile home

A one-family house detached from any

other house

Which best describes this building?

Include all apartments, flats, etc., even if

vacant.

A building with 2 apartments

A building with 3 or 4 apartments

A building with 5 to 9 apartments

A building with 10 to 19 apartments

A building with 20 to 49 apartments

A building with 50 or more apartments

Boat, RV, van, etc.

About when was this building first built?

1990 to 1999

1980 to 1989

1970 to 1979

1960 to 1969

1950 to 1959

1940 to 1949

1939 or earlier

When did PERSON 1 (listed on page 2)

move into this house, apartment, or

mobile home?

Less than 1 acre ➔ SKIP to question 6a

1 to 9.9 acres

How many acres is this house or

mobile home on?

10 or more acres

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what

were the actual sales of all agricultural

products from this property?

None

$1 to $999

$1,000 to $2,499

$2,500 to $4,999

$5,000 to $9,999

$10,000 or more

Does this house, apartment, or mobile

home have –

a. How many separate rooms are in this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

Rooms must be separated by built-in

archways or walls that extend out at least

6 inches and go from floor to ceiling.

a. hot and cold running water?

A one-family house attached to one or

more houses

At this house, apartment, or mobile ho

do you or any member of this househo

own or use any of the following types 

computers?

2000 or later – Specify year

b. a bathtub or shower?

c. a sink with a faucet?

e. a refrigerator?

d. a stove or range?

4

5

6

9

Month Year

• INCLUDE bedrooms, kitchens, etc.

• EXCLUDE bathrooms, porches, balconies,

foyers, halls, or unfinished basements.

Number of rooms

b. How many of these rooms are bedrooms?

Count as bedrooms those rooms you would

list if this house, apartment, or mobile home

were for sale or rent. If this is an

efficiency/studio apartment, print "0".

Number of bedrooms

Yes 

At this house, apartment, or mobile ho

do you or any member of this househo

have access to the internet?

Yes, by paying a cell phone company 

internet service provider

Yes, without paying a cell phone com

or internet service provider ➔ SKIP to

question 12

No access to the internet at this hous

apartment, or mobile home ➔ SKIP to

question 12

10

a. Desktop or laptop

b. Smartphone

d. Some other type of computer

Specify

Yes 

Do you or any member of this househo

have access to the internet using a –

11

a. cellular data plan for a 

smartphone or other mobile 

device?

b. broadband (high speed) 

internet service such as cable,

fiber optic, or DSL service

installed in this household?

d. dial-up internet service 

installed in this household?

e. some other service?

Specify service

Yes 

Housing

c. satellite internet service 

installed in this household?

c. Tablet or other portable 

wireless computer

Can you or any member of this househ

both make and receive phone calls wh

this house, apartment, or mobile home

Include calls using cell phones, land lines, 

other phone devices.

8

Yes

No

asked since 1960.

asked since 1960.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 25

Age data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide funds or services 

for specific age groups, such as children, workingage adults, women of childbearing age, or the 

older population. These statistics are also used to 

enforce laws, regulations, and policies against age 

discrimination in government programs and in society.

AGE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Assistance to Older Americans

Knowing how many people in a community are aged 

60 and older helps local officials provide programs 

and services that enable older adults to remain 

living safely in their homes and communities (Older 

Americans Act). Age data are also used in programs 

that provide services and assistance to seniors, such 

as financial assistance with utilities (Low Income Home 

Energy Assistance Program).

Provide Assistance to Children and Families

Knowing the numbers and ages of children in 

families in combination with other information, such 

as household income, health insurance status, and 

poverty status, can help communities enroll eligible 

families in programs designed to assist them. For 

example, age data are used in targeted efforts to enroll 

eligible people in Medicaid and the Children’s Health 

Insurance Program.

Educate Children and Adults

Knowing how many children and adults depend on 

services through schools helps school districts make 

long-term building, staffing, and funding decisions. 

Age in combination with other information, such 

as disability status, language spoken at home, and 

poverty status, assists schools in understanding the 

needs of their students and qualifying for grants that 

help fund programs for those students (Elementary 

and Secondary Education Act of 1965). 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the ages of people in the community 

in combination with information about housing, 

employment, and education, helps government and 

communities enforce laws, regulations, and policies 

against discrimination based on age. For example, 

age information is used to analyze the employment 

status of workers by age (Age Discrimination in 

Employment Act).

AGE AND DATE OF BIRTH QUESTIONS 

ARE USED TO UNDERSTAND THE 

SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF 

DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS AND TO 

PRESENT OTHER DATA BY AGE.

Age asked since 1790.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 27

Ancestry data are used in planning and evaluating 

government programs and policies to ensure they 

fairly and equitably serve the needs of all groups. 

These statistics are also used to enforce laws, 

regulations, and policies against discrimination in 

society.

ANCESTRY DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the ethnic groups in a community in 

combination with information about housing, 

voting, language, employment, and education, 

helps government and communities enforce laws, 

regulations, and policies against discrimination 

based on national origin. For example, ancestry 

data are used to enforce nondiscrimination in 

education (including monitoring desegregation); to 

enforce nondiscrimination in employment by federal 

agencies, private employers, employment agencies, 

and labor organizations; and to enforce laws, 

regulations, and policies against discrimination in 

federal financial assistance (Civil Rights Act of 1964).

Understand Changes

Knowing whether people from different backgrounds 

have the same opportunities in education, employment, 

voting, homeownership, and many other areas is 

of interest to researchers, advocacy groups, and 

policymakers. For example, ancestry data are used 

with age and language data to address language and 

cultural diversity needs in health care plans for the 

older population.

A QUESTION ABOUT A PERSON’S 

ANCESTRY OR ETHNIC ORIGIN IS 

USED TO CREATE STATISTICS ABOUT 

VARIOUS ANCESTRY GROUPS. 

Ancestry

No, outside the United States and 

Puerto Rico – Print name of foreign country, or U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, etc., below; 

then SKIP to question 16

Yes, this house ➔ SKIP to question 16

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 15a

What is the highest degree or level of school

this person has COMPLETED? Mark (X) ONE box.

If currently enrolled, mark the previous grade or

highest degree received.

No schooling completed

Regular high school diploma

Some college credit, but less than 1 year of

college credit

Master’s degree (for example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)

Professional degree beyond a bachelor’s degree

(for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)

Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)

(For example: Italian, Jamaican, African Am.,

Cambodian, Cape Verdean, Norwegian, Dominican,

French Canadian, Haitian, Korean, Lebanese, Polish,

Nigerian, Mexican, Taiwanese, Ukrainian, and so on.)

12th grade – NO DIPLOMA

1 or more years of college credit, no degree

Associate’s degree (for example: AA, AS)

Bachelor’s degree (for example: BA, BS)

Person is under 1 year old ➔ SKIP to 

question 16

b. Where did this person live 1 year ago?

Name of city, town, or post office

ZIP Code

Name of U.S. county or

municipio in Puerto Rico

Name of U.S. state or 

Puerto Rico

b. What is this language?

c. How well does this person speak English?

Very well

Well

Not well

Not at all

For example: Korean, Italian, Spanish, Vietnamese

No, different house in the United States or

Puerto Rico

13039086

NURSERY OR PRESCHOOL THROUGH GRADE 12

Nursery school

Kindergarten

Grade 1 through 11 – Specify grade 1 – 11

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE

GED or alternative credential

COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE

AFTER BACHELOR’S DEGREE

a. Did this person live in this house or apartment

1 year ago?

Address (Number and street name)

What is this person’s ancestry or ethnic origin?

a. Does this person speak a language other than

English at home?

15

NO SCHOOLING COMPLETED

14

Answer question 12 if this person has a

bachelor’s degree or higher. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 13.

This question focuses on this person’s 

BACHELOR’S DEGREE. Please print below the 

specific major(s) of any BACHELOR’S DEGREES 

this person has received. (For example: chemical 

engineering, elementary teacher education, 

organizational psychology)

13

asked since 1980.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 29

Journey to work data are used in planning and funding 

for improvements to road and highway infrastructure, 

developing transportation plans and services, and 

understanding where people are traveling in the 

course of a normal day. These data are also used to 

evaluate transportation plans to ensure they fairly and 

equitably serve the needs of all groups. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHERE PEOPLE 

WORK, HOW THEY GET THERE, WHEN 

THEY LEAVE, AND HOW LONG IT 

TAKES ARE USED TO CREATE DATA 

ABOUT COMMUTING OR A PERSON’S 

JOURNEY TO WORK.

Commuting (Journey to Work)

10 §.$|#¤

a. Address (Number and street name)

If the exact address is not known, give a

description of the location such as the building

name or the nearest street or intersection.

b. Name of city, town, or post office

c. Is the work location inside the limits of that

city or town?

Yes

No, outside the city/town limits

d. Name of county

e. Name of U.S. state or foreign country

f. ZIP Code

At what location did this person work LAST

WEEK? If this person worked at more than one

location, print where he or she worked most

last week.

31

a. LAST WEEK, did this person work for pay

at a job (or business)?

30

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 31

No – Did not work (or retired)

b. LAST WEEK, did this person do ANY work 

for pay, even for as little as one hour?

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 36a

LAST WEEK, what time did this person’s trip to

work usually begin?

34

a. LAST WEEK, was this person on layoff from

a job?

36

Person(s)

a.m.

p.m.

Hour Minute

How many people, including this person, 

usually rode to work in the car, truck, or van 

LAST WEEK?

33

Answer questions 36 – 39 if this person

did NOT work last week. Otherwise, 

SKIP to question 40a.

L

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 36c

No

b. LAST WEEK, was this person TEMPORARILY

absent from a job or business?

Yes, on vacation, temporary illness,

maternity leave, other family/personal

reasons, bad weather, etc. ➔ SKIP to

question 39

No ➔ SKIP to question 37

How many minutes did it usually take this

person to get from home to work LAST WEEK?

35

Minutes

:

b. During the PAS

many WEEKS d

paid time off an

person only wo

No, because o

No, because o

1 to 5 years ag

Within the pas

Over 5 years a

question 43

Yes ➔ SKIP 

No

During the PAST 

WORKED, how ma

usually work each 

41

Usual hours worked 

When did this pers

days?

39

a. During the PAS

this person wor

vacation, paid s

as work.

40

Weeks

10 §.$|#¤

Person 1 (continued)

29

a. Address (Number and street name)

If the exact address is not known, give a

description of the location such as the building

name or the nearest street or intersection.

b. Name of city, town, or post office

c. Is the work location inside the limits of that

city or town?

Yes

No, outside the city/town limits

d. Name of county

e. Name of U.S. state or foreign country

f. ZIP Code

At what location did this person work LAST

WEEK? If this person worked at more than one

location, print where he or she worked most

last week.

31

a. Does this person have a VA service-connected

disability rating?

Yes (such as 0%, 10%, 20%, ... , 100%)

No ➔ SKIP to question 30a

b. What is this person’s service-connected

disability rating?

0 percent

10 or 20 percent

30 or 40 percent

50 or 60 percent

70 percent or higher

a. LAST WEEK, did this person work for pay

at a job (or business)?

30

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 31

No – Did not work (or retired)

b. LAST WEEK, did this person do ANY work 

for pay, even for as little as one hour?

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 36a

LAST WEEK, what time did this person’s trip to

work usually begin?

34

a. LAST WEEK, was this person on layoff from

a job?

36

How did this person usually get to work LAST

WEEK? Mark (X) ONE box for the method of

transportation used for most of the distance.

32

Car, truck, or van

Bus

Subway or elevated rail

Light rail, streetcar,

or trolley

Ferryboat

Taxicab

Motorcycle

Bicycle

Walked

Worked from

home ➔ SKIP

to question 40a

Other method

Answer question 33 if you marked "Car,

truck, or van" in question 32. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 34.

K

Person(s)

a.m.

p.m.

Hour Minute

How many people, including this person, 

usually rode to work in the car, truck, or van 

LAST WEEK?

33

Answer questions 36 – 39 if this person

did NOT work last week. Otherwise, 

SKIP to question 40a.

L

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 36c

No

b. LAST WEEK, was this person TEMPORARILY

absent from a job or business?

Yes, on vacation, temporary illness,

maternity leave, other family/personal

reasons, bad weather, etc. ➔ SKIP to

question 39

No ➔ SKIP to question 37

How many minutes did it usually take this

person to get from home to work LAST WEEK?

35

Minutes

:

Long-distance train or

commuter rail

b. During the 

many WEE

paid time o

person onl

c. Has this pe

will be reca

6 months O

work?

Yes ➔ 

No

No, beca

Yes, coul

No, beca

1 to 5 ye

Within th

Over 5 ye

question 

Yes ➔ 

No

During the PA

WORKED, how 

usually work 

41

Usual hours w

36

When did this 

days?

39

a. During the 

this person 

vacation, p

as work.

40

LAST WEEK, c

job if offered 

recalled?

38

No ➔ SK

Yes

During the LA

ACTIVELY loo

37

Weeks

asked since 1960.
30 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

COMMUTING DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Improve Transportation Planning

Knowing where people commute to and from, 

and what time of day they are commuting, helps 

transportation planners create mass transportation 

and metropolitan transportation plans that are 

compliant with various transportation, environmental, 

and antidiscrimination regulations.

Local agencies and organizations use these statistics 

to plan transportation programs and services that 

meet the diverse needs of local populations, including 

the disabled population, bicycle commuters, carpools, 

and ride-sharers. Commuting data are also used to 

forecast future use of new or updated transportation 

systems.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing where people could reasonably commute 

from in order to work in a certain area is used by 

communities and businesses for employment planning, 

and by communities and governments to enforce 

laws, regulations, and policies against employment 

discrimination.

Understand Changes in Commutes

As commuting patterns change, information about 

where people could reasonably commute from in 

order to work in a certain area is used to understand 

commercial markets and labor force participation, and 

to plan local emergency response programs.

Commuting (Journey to Work) asked since 1960—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 31

These statistics were first released to the public in 

September 2014. The questions were added as a 

requirement of the Broadband Data Improvement 

Act of 2008. They help federal agencies measure the 

nationwide development of broadband access and 

decrease barriers to broadband access.

COMPUTER AND INTERNET USE DATA 

HELP COMMUNITIES:

Ensure Residents Can Communicate

State and local agencies can use these statistics to 

evaluate access to broadband in their communities. 

Schools, libraries, rural health care providers, 

and other public service providers also use this 

information. Communities ensure their residents 

are connected to assistance programs, emergency 

services, and important information. These statistics 

may also be useful to understand whether to use 

Internet or more expensive outreach methods 

for distributing important public health or safety 

information.

Federal agencies use these data to evaluate the extent 

of access to, and adoption of broadband, with a focus 

on underserved areas. State and local agencies might 

choose to use these statistics to evaluate access to 

broadband in their communities. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE COMPUTERS 

AND DEVICES THAT PEOPLE USE, 

WHETHER PEOPLE ACCESS THE 

INTERNET, AND HOW PEOPLE ACCESS 

THE INTERNET ARE USED TO CREATE 

DATA ABOUT COMPUTER AND 

INTERNET USE.

Computer and Internet Use asked since 2013.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 33

Disability data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide funds or services 

for populations with disabilities. In addition, these data 

are used in evaluating other government programs 

and policies to ensure that they fairly and equitably 

serve the needs of all groups. These statistics are also 

used to enforce laws, regulations, and policies against 

discrimination.

DISABILITY DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the different types of disabled households in 

a community helps communities understand whether 

available housing meets the needs of residents. When 

housing is not sufficient or not affordable, disability 

data can help communities enroll eligible households 

in programs designed to assist them and can help 

communities qualify for grants from the Community 

Development Block Grant, HOME Investment 

Partnership Program, Emergency Solutions Grants, 

Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, and 

other programs.

QUESTIONS ABOUT A PERSON’S 

DIFFICULTY WITH SPECIFIC DAILY 

TASKS ARE USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT DISABILITY.

Disability

When did this person serv

U.S. Armed Forces? Mark (

in which this person served, 

period.

§.${¡¤

Now married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

Never married ➔ SKIP to J

23 How many times has this person been married?

Once

Two times

Three or more times

24 In what year did this person last get married?

Year

28

22 In the PAST 12 MONTHS did this person get –

a. Married?

b. Widowed?

c. Divorced?

Yes No

18

Yes

No

a. Is this person deaf or does he/she have

serious difficulty hearing?

b. Is this person blind or does he/she have 

serious difficulty seeing even when wearing

glasses?

Yes

No

September 2001 or late

August 1990 to August 

Persian Gulf War)

May 1975 to July 1990

Vietnam era (August 19

Korean War (July 1950 

World War II (Decembe

February 1955 to July 

January 1947 to June 1

November 1941 or ear

Mark (X) ONE box.

Never served in the mi

question 30a

Now on active duty

On active duty in the p

Only on active duty for 

or National Guard ➔ S

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 18a

copays, deductibles, or other expenses such 

as prescription costs.

b. Does this person or another family member

receive a tax credit or subsidy based on 

family income to help pay the premium?

Yes

No

When did this person serve on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces? Mark (X) a box for EACH period

in which this person served, even if just for part of the

period.

13039094

c. Does this person have difficulty dressing or

bathing?

Yes

No

nued)

erson is

Otherwise,

a. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have serious 

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or

making decisions?

Yes

No

19

b. Does this person have serious difficulty

walking or climbing stairs?

Yes

No

Answer question 25 if this person is

female and 15 – 50 years old. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 26a.

J

Yes

No

Now married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

Never married ➔ SKIP to J

20

23 How many times has this person been married?

Once

Yes

No

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have difficulty 

doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s

office or shopping?

What is this person’s marital status?

25 In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has this person 

given birth to any children?

26

Less than 6 months

6 to 11 months

1 or 2 years

3 or 4 years

5 or more years

28

27

22 In the PAST 12 MONTHS did this person get –

a. Married?

b. Widowed?

c. Divorced?

Yes No

21

Answer questions 19a – c if this person is

5 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

H

e/she have

 

this

ber)

rom 

 

ber)

der, 

es

or 

ance

es

ever 

care)

th care

Yes No

vered by any of the

rance or health

"No" for EACH type

ance 

cify

b. Is this grandparent currently responsible for

most of the basic needs of any grandchildren

under the age of 18 who live in this house or

apartment?

c. How long has this grandparent been responsible for these grandchildren?

If the grandparent is financially responsible for

more than one grandchild, answer the question

for the grandchild for whom the grandparent has

been responsible for the longest period of time.

a. Does this person have any of his/her own

grandchildren under the age of 18 living in

this house or apartment?

September 2001 or later

August 1990 to August 2001 (including 

Persian Gulf War)

May 1975 to July 1990

Vit(At 1964 tAil 1975)

Has this person ever served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces, Reserves, or National Guard?

Mark (X) ONE box.

Never served in the military ➔ SKIP to 

question 30a

Now on active duty

On active duty in the past, but not now

Only on active duty for training in the Reserves

or National Guard ➔ SKIP to question 29a

Answer question 20 if this person is 

15 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to 

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

I

8a

plan? A premium 

id on a regular 

es not include

xpenses such 

 family member

dy based on 

he premium?

When did this person serve on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces? Mark (X) a box for EACH period

in which this person served, even if just for part of the

period.

13039094

c. Does this person have difficulty dressing or

bathing?

Yes

No

nued)

erson is

Otherwise,

a. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have serious 

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or

making decisions?

Yes

No

19

b. Does this person have serious difficulty

walking or climbing stairs?

Yes

No

Answer question 25 if this person is

female and 15 – 50 years old. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 26a.

J

Yes

No

Now married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

Never married ➔ SKIP to J

20

23 How many times has this person been married?

Once

Two times

Three or more times

24 I

ht did thilt t id?

Yes

No

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have difficulty 

doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s

office or shopping?

What is this person’s marital status?

25 In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has this person 

given birth to any children?

26

Less than 6 months

6 to 11 months

1 or 2 years

3 or 4 years

5 or more years

28

27

22 In the PAST 12 MONTHS did this person get –

a. Married?

b. Widowed?

c. Divorced?

Yes No

21

Answer questions 19a – c if this person is

5 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

H

e/she have

e/she have 

n when wearing

his

ber)

om 

ber)

der, 

es

or 

nce

s

ever 

care)

h care

Yes No

ered by any of the

rance or health

No" for EACH type

nce 

ify

b. Is this grandparent currently responsible for

most of the basic needs of any grandchildren

under the age of 18 who live in this house or

apartment?

c. How long has this grandparent been responsible for these grandchildren?

If the grandparent is financially responsible for

more than one grandchild, answer the question

for the grandchild for whom the grandparent has

been responsible for the longest period of time.

a. Does this person have any of his/her own

grandchildren under the age of 18 living in

this house or apartment?

September 2001 or later

August 1990 to August 2001 (including 

Persian Gulf War)

May 1975 to July 1990

Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975)

Korean War (July 1950 to January 1955)

February 1955 to July 1964

Has this person ever served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces, Reserves, or National Guard?

Mark (X) ONE box.

Never served in the military ➔ SKIP to 

question 30a

Now on active duty

On active duty in the past, but not now

Only on active duty for training in the Reserves

or National Guard ➔ SKIP to question 29a

Answer question 20 if this person is 

15 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to 

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

I

8a

lan? A premium 

d on a regular 

es not include

xpenses such 

family member

dy based on 

e premium?

asked since 1830.
34 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Provide Health Care to Children and Families

Knowing the disability status of people in families 

in combination with other information, such as 

household income, health insurance status, and 

poverty status, can help communities enroll eligible 

families in programs designed to assist them. For 

example, disability data are used to target efforts 

to enroll eligible people in Marketplace, Medicaid, 

and the Children’s Health Insurance Program 

(CHIP). Disability data are also used to ensure that 

Marketplace, Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP programs 

are adequately serving these families.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the disability status of people in the 

community in combination with information about 

housing, voting, employment, and education, 

helps governments and communities enforce laws, 

regulations, and policies against discrimination based 

on disability status. For example, disability data are 

used to evaluate whether there are health care or 

public health program disparities based on disability 

status (Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of 

Rights Act of 2000).

Provide Assistance to People With Disabilities

Knowing how many people in a community over a 

certain age have a disability helps local officials provide 

programs and services to older adults that enable them 

to remain living safely in their homes and communities 

(Older Americans Act). Disability status data are also 

used in programs that provide services and assistance 

to people with a disability, such as financial assistance 

with utilities (Low Income Home Energy Assistance 

Program).

Understand Changes

Knowing whether people with disabilities have the 

same opportunities in education, employment, voting, 

homeownership, and many other areas is of interest 

to researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers. 

Communities also need to understand changes in 

the needs and geographic concentrations of people 

with disabilities to ensure that they can meet the 

community’s needs during weather events, disasters, 

and public health emergencies.

Disability asked since 1830—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 35

Fertility data are used in planning government 

programs and adjusting other important data, such 

as the size of the population eligible for different 

services, as new people are born. These statistics 

can also be used to project the future size of the 

population and to understand more about growing 

families.

FERTILITY DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Health Care to Children and Families

Knowing the number of women with a recent 

birth in combination with other information, such 

as marital status, labor force status, household 

income, health insurance status, and poverty status, 

can help communities understand changes in the 

demand for health care. For example, knowing how 

many American Indian babies are born can help 

communities, tribes, and the federal government 

estimate the demand for health care through the 

Indian Health Service.

Understand Changing Households

Knowing the characteristics of women who are 

giving birth, including where in the country they live, 

is important to understand the relationships among 

different development patterns, including housing and 

travel information, public health, and pollution.

Though local vital statistics offices typically have 

a count of births per year, fertility data are able to 

provide federal program planners, policymakers, and 

researchers with additional statistics about the age, 

education, and employment of parents in households 

welcoming children, and other important information 

about the homes (age, size, etc.) and households 

(income, language spoken, etc.) for a more complete 

picture of families. 

State and local agencies can use these statistics 

in combination with other information about 

new mothers, such as education and income, to 

understand future needs for the local education 

system and health services.

A QUESTION ABOUT WHETHER A 

WOMAN HAD A BABY IN THE LAST 

YEAR IS USED TO CREATE STATISTICS 

ABOUT FERTILITY. 

Fertility

When did this person serve on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces? Mark (X) a box for EACH period

in which this person served, even if just for part of the

period.

9

13039094

c. Does this person have difficulty dressing or

bathing?

Yes

No

a. Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have serious 

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or

making decisions?

Yes

No

b. Does this person have serious difficulty

walking or climbing stairs?

Yes

No

Answer question 25 if this person is

female and 15 – 50 years old. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 26a.

J

Yes

No

Now married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

Never married ➔ SKIP to J

How many times has this person been married?

Once

Two times

Three or more times

In what year did this person last get married?

Year

Yes

No

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have difficulty 

doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s

office or shopping?

What is this person’s marital status?

25 In the PAST 12 MONTHS, has this person 

given birth to any children?

26

Less than 6 months

6 to 11 months

1 or 2 years

3 or 4 years

5 or more years

28

27

In the PAST 12 MONTHS did this person get –

a. Married?

b. Widowed?

c. Divorced?

Yes No

Answer questions 19a – c if this person is

5 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

b. Is this grandparent currently responsible for

most of the basic needs of any grandchildren

under the age of 18 who live in this house or

apartment?

c. How long has this grandparent been responsible for these grandchildren?

If the grandparent is financially responsible for

more than one grandchild, answer the question

for the grandchild for whom the grandparent has

been responsible for the longest period of time.

a. Does this person have any of his/her own

grandchildren under the age of 18 living in

this house or apartment?

September 2001 or later

August 1990 to August 2001 (including 

Persian Gulf War)

May 1975 to July 1990

Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975)

Korean War (July 1950 to January 1955)

World War II (December 1941 to December 1946)

February 1955 to July 1964

January 1947 to June 1950

November 1941 or earlier

Has this person ever served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces, Reserves, or National Guard?

Mark (X) ONE box.

Never served in the military ➔ SKIP to 

question 30a

Now on active duty

On active duty in the past, but not now

Only on active duty for training in the Reserves

or National Guard ➔ SKIP to question 29a

Answer question 20 if this person is 

15 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to 

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

asked since 1890.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 37

Grandparent caregiver data help federal agencies 

understand the special provisions needed for federal 

programs designed to assist families, as older 

Americans are often in different financial, housing, and 

health circumstances than those of other ages. These 

data are also used to measure the effects of policies 

and programs that focus on the well-being of families, 

including tax policies and financial assistance programs.

GRANDPARENT CAREGIVER DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Provide Assistance to Families

Knowing more about families, particularly those where 

grandparents care for grandchildren, along with 

data about the ages of children, household income, 

disability, and poverty status can help communities 

enroll eligible families in programs designed to assist 

them, such as the Children’s Health Insurance Program, 

and can help communities qualify for grants to fund 

these programs. These data are also used to evaluate 

programs like Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.

Provide Assistance to Older Americans

Knowing how many people in a community are over 

a certain age, including whether older Americans are 

caring for grandchildren, helps local officials fund 

programs and services targeted to reach older adults 

with the greatest economic and social needs (Older 

Americans Act). 

Understand Changing Households

Knowing more about how often grandparents are 

responsible for the basic care for grandchildren and 

how long they have been responsible in combination 

with information about age, presence of children, 

income, etc., can help communities understand if 

available housing and services are meeting residents’ 

needs.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON IS THE PRIMARY CAREGIVER 

FOR HIS/HER GRANDCHILDREN AND 

HOW LONG HE/SHE HAS CARED 

FOR HIS/HER GRANDCHILDREN ARE 

USED TO CREATE STATISTICS ABOUT 

GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS. 

Grandparent Caregivers asked since 2000.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 39

Health insurance data are used in planning 

government programs, determining eligibility criteria, 

and encouraging eligible people to participate in 

health insurance programs. 

HEALTH INSURANCE DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Provide Assistance to Children and Families

Knowing the health insurance coverage status in 

combination with other information, such as number 

and age of children in families, household income, and 

poverty status, can help communities enroll eligible 

families in programs designed to assist them. For 

example, health insurance coverage status and age 

data are used to target efforts to enroll eligible people 

in Marketplace, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health 

Insurance Program (CHIP). Health Insurance data 

are also used to ensure that Marketplace, Medicare, 

Medicaid, and CHIP programs are improving health 

outcomes for families.

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SOURCES 

OF A PERSON’S HEALTH INSURANCE 

ARE USED TO CREATE STATISTICS 

ABOUT THE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE 

COVERED BY HEALTH INSURANCE 

AND THE SOURCES OF HEALTH 

INSURANCE. 

§.${¡¤

No

Answer question 17a if this person is

covered by health insurance. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 18a.

G

Yes

No

Now m

Widow

Divorc

Separa

Never 

20

23 How many 

Once

Two ti

Three 

24 In what yea

Year

Because of 

condition, 

doing erran

office or sh

What is this 

22 In the PAST 

a. Married?

b. Widowed

c. Divorced?

21

18

Yes

No

a. Is this person deaf or does he/she have

serious difficulty hearing?

b. Is this person blind or does he/she have 

serious difficulty seeing even when wearing

glasses?

Yes

No

g. Indian Health Service

h. Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan – Specify

Answer qu

15 years ol

the questio

I

17

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 18a

a. Is there a premium for this plan? A premium 

is a fixed amount of money paid on a regular 

basis for health coverage. It does not include

copays, deductibles, or other expenses such 

as prescription costs.

b. Does this person or another family member

receive a tax credit or subsidy based on 

family income to help pay the premium?

Yes

No

Health Insurance Coverage and

Health Insurance Premiums and Subsidies

asked since 2008.

starting in 2019.
40 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Provide Health Care for Veterans

Knowing the number and characteristics of veterans 

eligible to use Department of Veterans Affairs health 

care, compared to those currently using services, 

can help communities and the federal government 

estimate the future demand for health care services 

and facilities for veterans.

Provide Health Care for American Indians

Knowing the health insurance coverage status of 

American Indians can help communities, tribes, and 

the federal government estimate the demand for 

health care through the Indian Health Service.

Understand Changes

Knowing the health insurance coverage status of 

people in a community helps planners identify gaps in 

community services, plan programs that address those 

gaps, and qualify for funding for those programs. 

Knowing more about changes in health insurance 

coverage rates and the characteristics of people who 

have or do not have health insurance is also of interest 

to researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers. 

For example, State Councils on Developmental 

Disabilities use health insurance coverage data in their 

comprehensive reviews and analyses of the unmet 

needs of people with developmental disabilities.

Health Insurance Coverage and

Health Insurance Premiums and Subsidies

asked since 2008—Con.

starting in 2019—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 41

These data are required for federal and state programs 

and are factors in the basic research behind numerous 

policies, particularly for civil rights. Hispanic origin 

data are used in planning and funding government 

programs that provide funds or services for specific 

groups. These data are also used to evaluate 

government programs and policies to ensure they 

fairly and equitably serve the needs of the Hispanic 

population. They are also used to monitor compliance 

with antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and policies. 

Though many respondents expect to see a Hispanic, 

Latino, or Spanish category on the race question, 

this question is asked separately because people of 

Hispanic origin may be of any race(s) in accordance 

with the 1997 Office of Management and Budget 

standards on race and ethnicity. 

HISPANIC ORIGIN DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES: 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing about the Hispanic or Latino origin of 

community members in combination with information 

about housing, voting, language, employment, and 

education, to help governments and communities 

enforce antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and 

policies. For example, data on the Hispanic population 

are used to:

• Establish and evaluate the guidelines for federal 

affirmative action plans under the Federal Equal 

Opportunity Recruitment Program.

• Monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act and 

enforce bilingual election requirements.

• Monitor and enforce equal employment 

opportunities under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• Identify segments of the population who may not 

be getting needed medical services under the 

Public Health Service Act.

• Allocate funds to school districts for bilingual 

services under the Bilingual Education Act.

Hispanic Origin

A QUESTION ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON IS OF HISPANIC, LATINO, OR 

SPANISH ORIGIN IS USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT THIS ETHNIC 

GROUP.

asked since 1970.
42 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Understand Changes 

Researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers 

are interested in knowing if people of Hispanic and 

non-Hispanic origin have the same opportunities in 

education, employment, voting, and homeownership. 

The National Science Foundation uses these data 

to provide information on the Hispanic population 

in the science and engineering workforce. Several 

federal agencies use these data to investigate whether 

housing or transportation improvements have 

unintended consequences for the Hispanic population. 

Data on the Hispanic population are used with age 

and language data to address language and cultural 

diversity needs in health care plans for the older 

population. 

Hispanic Origin asked since 1970—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 43

These data are used in government programs that 

analyze community air quality and energy needs. 

Federal agencies use these statistics to forecast 

future energy demand, analyze the fuels available to 

community residents, and plan and fund programs 

that help low-income residents afford to heat their 

homes.

HOME HEATING FUEL DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Provide Assistance With Utilities

Knowing which fuel is used to heat homes in 

combination with the cost of those fuels and the 

characteristics of the low-income households that 

need assistance with their utilities, helps communities 

enroll eligible households in assistance programs like 

the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program 

and qualify for grants to fund assistance. These data 

are also used to evaluate whether these programs 

benefit eligible households.

Estimate Future Energy Demand

Knowing the current users of certain heating systems 

and the kinds of systems used in new homes helps 

communities predict future demand for fuels and the 

future costs of systems in use in a community. For 

example, the Department of Energy uses these data to 

project demand over the next 30 years, assessing the 

energy needs of the U.S. economy in a domestic and 

international context.

Measure Environmental Impacts

Communities with older heating systems may have 

lower air quality at times when they are in high use. 

Home heating fuel data are used to develop an 

inventory of the national aggregate emissions of each 

greenhouse gas and to research and report on the 

relationships among different development patterns 

(including housing and travel information) and public 

health and pollution (Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act).

QUESTIONS ABOUT HOME HEATING 

FUEL ARE USED TO CREATE DATA 

ABOUT HOME ENERGY USE.

Home Heating Fuel

6

§.${]¤

Included in rent or condominium 

No charge or electricity not used

b. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of gas for this house, apartment,

or mobile home?

OR

Included in rent or condominium 

No charge or gas not used

OR

Included in rent or condominium 

No charge

c. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what wa

the cost of water and sewer for this

house, apartment, or mobile home? 

you have lived here less than 12 month

estimate the cost.

Included in electricity payment

entered above

Last month’s cost – Dollars

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

d. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what wa

cost of oil, coal, kerosene, wood, et

for this house, apartment, or mobile

home? If you have lived here less than 

months, estimate the cost.

OR

Included in rent or condominium 

No charge or these fuels not used

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

Gas: from underground pipes serving the

neighborhood

Gas: bottled, tank, or LP

Electricity

Fuel oil, kerosene, etc.

Coal or coke

Wood

Solar energy

Other fuel

No fuel used

1

2

3

4

5

6 or more

Which FUEL is used MOST for heating this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

13

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

asked since 1940.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 45

These data are used in government programs that 

analyze whether adequate housing is affordable for 

residents and provide and fund housing assistance 

programs. These statistics are also used to enforce 

laws, regulations, and policies designed to eliminate 

discrimination in private-market housing, government 

programs, and in society.

HOME VALUE AND RENT DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the different types of households in 

a community (single people, couples, families, 

roommates, etc.) helps communities understand 

whether available housing meets the needs of 

residents. Housing costs in combination with 

relationship and combined income of all people in a 

household helps communities understand whether 

housing is affordable.

When rental housing is not affordable, rent data are 

used to identify rental distribution of housing units 

(the standard cost of different types of housing in 

different areas of the country) and to determine Fair 

Market Rents, which the Department of Housing and 

Urban Development uses to determine the amount of 

tenant subsidies in housing assistance programs.

When housing is not sufficient or not affordable, 

housing cost data can help communities enroll eligible 

households in programs designed to assist them 

and can help communities qualify for grants from 

the Community Development Block Grant, HOME 

Investment Partnership Program, Emergency Solutions 

Grants, Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, 

and other programs.

Plan Community Development

Knowing how the balance of rented homes, 

mortgaged homes, and owned homes changes over 

time can help communities understand changes in 

local housing markets and identify opportunities to 

improve tax, assistance, and zoning policies.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing more about people who rent and people who 

own homes in the community in combination with age, 

sex, race, Hispanic origin, disability, and other data, 

helps government and communities enforce laws, such 

as the 1968 Fair Housing Act designed to eliminate 

discrimination in housing. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MONTHLY 

RENT AMOUNT OR HOW MUCH THE 

HOME AND PROPERTY ARE WORTH 

ARE USED TO PRODUCE STATISTICS 

ABOUT RENT AND HOME VALUE.

Home Value and Rent

§.${o¤

c. Doe

pay

esta

d. Doe

pay

haz

pro

Answer questions 19 – 23 if you or any

member of this household OWNS

or IS BUYING this house, apartment, or

mobile home. Otherwise, SKIP to .

About how much do you think this

house and lot, apartment, or mobile

home (and lot, if owned) would sell for

if it were for sale?

E

19

Amount – Dollars

20 What are the annual real estate taxes on

THIS property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

What is the annual payment for fire,

hazard, and flood insurance on THIS

property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

21

Yes

No

C

, $ .00

, $ .00

$ 

, $ , .00

Answer que

next page if 

on page 2. O

the mailing 

E

Answer que

HOME. Othe

D

22

§.${o¤

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a mortgage, deed of

trust, contract to purchase, or similar

debt on THIS property?

Yes, contract to purchase

No ➔ SKIP to question 23a

b. How much is the regular monthly

mortgage payment on THIS property?

Include payment only on FIRST mortgage

or contract to purchase.

OR

No regular payment required ➔ SKIP to

question 23a

Yes, taxes included in mortgage

payment

No, taxes paid separately or taxes

not required

c. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for real

estate taxes on THIS property?

Monthly amount – Dollars

d. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for fire,

hazard, or flood insurance on THIS

property?

Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar

debt

Yes, insurance included in mortgage

payment

No, insurance paid separately or no

insurance

Housing (continued) 23

Monthly a

No ➔ 

a. Do you o

househo

or a hom

property

Yes, 

Yes, 

Yes, 

equi

b. How muc

payment 

mortgag

on THIS p

No r

24 What are th

personal pr

registration 

THIS mobil

Exclude real 

Annual cost

Answer questions 19 – 23 if you or any

member of this household OWNS

or IS BUYING this house, apartment, or

mobile home. Otherwise, SKIP to .

About how much do you think this

house and lot, apartment, or mobile

home (and lot, if owned) would sell for

if it were for sale?

E

19

Amount – Dollars

20 What are the annual real estate taxes on

THIS property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

What is the annual payment for fire,

hazard, and flood insurance on THIS

property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

21

b. Does the monthly rent include any

meals?

Yes

No

a. What is the monthly rent for this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

18

Monthly amount – Dollars

C

Answer questions 18a and b if this house,

apartment, or mobile home is RENTED.

Otherwise, SKIP to question 19.

B

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ 

, $ 

, $ , .00

asked since 1940.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 47

Income asked since 1940.
48 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Income data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide economic 

assistance for populations in need and measure 

the economic well-being of the nation. Income and 

poverty estimates are often part of allocation formulas 

that determine how food, health care, job training, 

housing, and other assistance are distributed.

INCOME DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the combined income of all people in 

a household in combination with housing costs 

helps communities understand whether housing is 

affordable for residents. When housing is not sufficient 

or not affordable, income data can help communities 

enroll eligible households in programs designed to 

assist them and can help communities qualify for 

grants from the Community Development Block Grant, 

HOME Investment Partnership Program, Emergency 

Solutions Grant, Housing Opportunities for Persons 

With AIDS, and other programs.

Provide Assistance to Older Americans

Knowing how many older people in a community 

are living in poverty in combination with other 

information, such as age and disability status of other 

family members, can help communities ensure these 

residents receive appropriate assistance, such as 

financial assistance with utilities (Low Income Home 

Energy Assistance Program).

Provide Assistance to Children and Families

Knowing household income in combination with other 

information, such as the number and age of children 

in families, health insurance status, and poverty 

status, can help communities enroll eligible families 

in programs designed to assist them. For example, 

income data are used to identify eligibility and provide 

funding in programs like Medicaid, the Child and Adult 

Care Food Program, and Head Start.

Educate Children and Adults

Knowing how many children and adults depend 

on services through schools helps school districts 

make long-term building, staffing, and funding 

decisions. Household income and family composition 

determine poverty status, which is used along with 

school enrollment, information on disability status, 

and language spoken at home, to help schools 

understand the needs of their students and qualify 

for grants that help fund programs for students with 

needs for additional services or assistance, including 

free/reduced price school lunches (Elementary and 

Secondary Education Act of 1965).

Plan Community Development

Knowing more about the financial situation of 

residents, including income, employment, and housing 

costs, can help communities qualify for loan and grant 

programs designed to stimulate economic recovery, 

improve housing, run job-training programs, and 

define areas as empowerment or enterprise zones. 

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FUNDS A 

PERSON RECEIVES FROM VARIOUS 

SOURCES ARE USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT INCOME, 

ASSISTANCE, EARNINGS, AND 

POVERTY STATUS. 

Income asked since 1940—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 49

These data are used to provide information about the 

labor force to evaluate government programs and 

policies to ensure they fairly and equitably serve the 

needs of all groups, and to enforce laws, regulations, 

and policies against discrimination in society.1

1

 Industry asked in 1820, 1840, and 1910 to present.

QUESTIONS ABOUT A PERSON’S 

EMPLOYER, THE KIND OF BUSINESS 

OR INDUSTRY OF THAT EMPLOYER, 

THE KIND OF WORK A PERSON 

DOES, AND THAT PERSON’S MOST 

IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES ARE USED TO 

PRODUCE INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, 

AND CLASS OF WORKER STATISTICS. 

Industry,

Occupation, and

Class of Worker

INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

§.$|+¤

d. Social Security or Railroad R

Person 1 (continued)

manufacturing?

wholesale trade?

retail trade?

other (agriculture, construction, service,

government, etc.)?

Yes ➔

No

Yes ➔

No

e. Supplemental Security Inco

Yes ➔

No

f. Any public assistance or we

from the state or local welfa

Yes ➔

No

g. Retirement income, pension

disability income. Include inc

employer or union, or any regu

distributions from IRA, Roth IRA

other accounts specifically des

Do not include Social Security.

d. Was this mainly – Mark (X) ONE box.

44 What was this person’s total in

PAST 12 MONTHS? Add entries 

to 43h; subtract any losses. If net 

enter the amount and mark (X) th

the dollar amount.

h. Any other sources of incom

regularly such as Veterans’ 

unemployment compensatio

or alimony. Do NOT include lu

such as money from an inherita

home.

Yes ➔

No

e. What was this person’s main occupation? 

(For example: 4th grade teacher, entry-level

plumber)

Yes ➔

No

Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this

person received, and give your best estimate of the

TOTAL AMOUNT during the PAST 12 MONTHS. 

(NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from

today’s date one year ago up through today.)

Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income

NOT received.

If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to

the right of the dollar amount. 

For income received jointly, report the appropriate

share for each person – or, if that’s not possible, 

report the whole amount for only one person and 

mark the "No" box for the other person.

a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, 

or tips from all jobs. Report amount before

deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.

Yes ➔

No

b. Self-employment income from own nonfarm

businesses or farm businesses, including

proprietorships and partnerships. Report 

NET income after business expenses.

f. Describe this person’s most important

activities or duties. (For example: instruct 

and evaluate students and create lesson plans, 

assemble and install pipe sections and review 

building plans for work details)

43 INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

c. What kind of business or industry was this?

Include the main activity, product, or service

provided at the location where employed. (For

example: elementary school, residential

construction)

Answer questions 42a – f if this person 

worked in the past 5 years. Otherwise, 

SKIP to question 43.

M

DESCRIPTION OF EMPLOYMENT

a. Which one of the following best describes this

person’s employment last week or the most

recent employment in the past 5 years?

Mark (X) ONE box.

42

For-profit company or organization

Non-profit organization (including tax-exempt and charitable organizations)

Local government (for example: city or 

county school district)

State government (including state colleges/universities)

Active duty U.S. Armed Forces or 

Commissioned Corps

Federal government civilian employee

Owner of non-incorporated business,

professional practice, or farm

Owner of incorporated business, 

professional practice, or farm

b. What was the name of this person’s employer,

business, agency, or branch of the

Armed Forces?

c. Interest, dividends, net rental income,

royalty income, or income from estates

and trusts. Report even small amounts credited

to an account.

Yes ➔

No

None

OR

PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEE

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE

SELF-EMPLOYED OR OTHER

Worked without pay in a for-profit

family business or farm for 15 hours or

more per week

The next series of questions is about the type of

employment this person had last week.

If this person had more than one job, describe the one 

at which the most hours were worked. If this person

did not work last week, describe the most recent 

employment in the past five years.

Loss

Loss

TOTAL AMOUNT 

12 month

TOTAL AMOUNT 

12 month

TOTAL AMOUNT for past 12 months

TOTAL AMOUN

12 mon

TOTAL AMOUNT for past 12 months

TOTAL AMOUNT for past 12 months

TOTAL AMOUNT 

12 month

TOTAL AMOUNT 

12 month

, $ , .00

, $ , .00

, $ , .00

, $ 

, $ 

, $ 

, $ 

TOTAL AMOUN

12 mon

, $ 

, $ , 

➜ Continue with the questions fo

the next page. If no one is liste

page 2, SKIP to page 28 for ma

INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

d. Social Sec

Person 1 (continued)

manufacturing?

wholesale trade?

Yes ➔

No

Yes ➔

No

e. Supplemen

Yes ➔

No

f. Any public 

from the st

Yes ➔

No

g. Retiremen

disability i

employer o

distribution

other accou

Do not inclu

d. Was this mainly – Mark (X) ONE box.

44 What was thi

PAST 12 MON

to 43h; subtrac

enter the amou

the dollar amo

h. Any other 

regularly s

unemploym

or alimony

such as mo

home.

Yes ➔

No

e. What was this person’s main occupation? 

(For example: 4th grade teacher, entry-level

plumber)

Yes ➔

No

Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this

person received, and give your best estimate of the

TOTAL AMOUNT during the PAST 12 MONTHS. 

(NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from

today’s date one year ago up through today.)

Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income

NOT received.

If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to

the right of the dollar amount. 

For income received jointly, report the appropriate

share for each person – or, if that’s not possible, 

report the whole amount for only one person and 

mark the "No" box for the other person.

a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, 

or tips from all jobs. Report amount before

deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.

Yes ➔

No

b. Self-employment income from own nonfarm

businesses or farm businesses, including

proprietorships and partnerships. Report 

NET income after business expenses.

f. Describe this person’s most important

activities or duties. (For example: instruct 

and evaluate students and create lesson plans, 

assemble and install pipe sections and review 

building plans for work details)

43 INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS

c. What kind of business or industry was this?

Include the main activity, product, or service

provided at the location where employed. (For

example: elementary school, residential

construction)

Answer questions 42a – f if this person 

worked in the past 5 years. Otherwise, 

SKIP to question 43.

M

DESCRIPTION OF EMPLOYMENT

a. Which one of the following best describes this

person’s employment last week or the most

recent employment in the past 5 years?

Mark (X) ONE box.

42

For-profit company or organization

Non-profit organization (including tax-exempt and charitable organizations)

Local government (for example: city or 

county school district)

State government (including state colleges/universities)

Active duty U.S. Armed Forces or 

Commissioned Corps

Federal government civilian employee

Owner of non-incorporated business,

professional practice, or farm

Owner of incorporated business, 

professional practice, or farm

b. What was the name of this person’s employer,

business, agency, or branch of the

Armed Forces?

c. Interest, dividends, net rental income,

royalty income, or income from estates

and trusts. Report even small amounts credited

to an account.

Yes ➔

No

None

OR

PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEE

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE

SELF-EMPLOYED OR OTHER

Worked without pay in a for-profit

family business or farm for 15 hours or

more per week

The next series of questions is about the type of

employment this person had last week.

If this person had more than one job, describe the one 

at which the most hours were worked. If this person

did not work last week, describe the most recent 

employment in the past five years.

Loss

Loss

TOTAL AMOUNT for past 12 months

TOTAL AMOUNT for past 12 months

TOTAL AMOUNT for past 

, $ , .00

, $ , .00

, $ , .00

$ 

asked since 1820.1

asked since 1850.

asked since 1910.
50 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, AND CLASS OF 

WORKER DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Employment Opportunities

Knowing whether programs designed to employ 

specific groups, such as people with disabilities or 

veterans, are succeeding is important to employers, 

federal agencies, and federal government contractors 

(Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act, 

Rehabilitation Act of 1973). Industry, occupation, and 

class of worker data provide additional detail about 

the jobs and careers pursued by people participating 

in these programs.

State and local agencies use these statistics to identify 

labor surplus areas (areas with people available for 

hiring and training), plan workforce development 

programs including job fairs and training programs, 

and promote business opportunities. 

Ensure Equal Employment Opportunity

Knowing more about people who are employed or 

looking for work in combination with educational 

attainment, age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, disability 

status, veteran status, and other data, helps 

governments and communities enforce civil rights 

laws against employment discrimination. For example, 

these data are used to enforce nondiscrimination in 

employment by federal agencies, private employers, 

employment agencies, and labor organizations (Civil 

Rights Act of 1964). 

Understand Changes

Knowing the characteristics of growing or declining 

industries and occupations is an important part of 

estimating changes in the economy. Labor force 

estimates are used in funding decisions; to ensure 

surveys are accurate, including surveys that provide 

official labor market estimates; and to understand 

change in other data (Wagner-Peyser Act and 

Workforce Investment Act).

Class of worker data, in particular, are used by 

the National Institute of Food and Agriculture to 

understand changes in farm workers and agriculture.

Industry,

Occupation, and

Class of Worker

asked since 1820—Con.

asked since 1850—Con.

asked since 1910—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 51

Labor force data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide unemployment 

assistance and services. These data are also used to 

evaluate other government programs and policies to 

ensure they fairly and equitably serve the needs of all 

groups, and to enforce laws, regulations, and policies 

against discrimination in society.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON WORKED LAST WEEK AND, 

IF THE ANSWER IS NO, WHETHER 

HE/SHE WAS LOOKING FOR WORK, 

WHETHER HE/SHE PLANS TO RETURN 

TO WORK, AND HOW MUCH THEY 

WORKED IN THE PAST YEAR ARE 

USED TO PRODUCE STATISTICS ABOUT 

THE LABOR FORCE, INCLUDING 

UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS.

Labor Force Status

10 §.$|#¤

a. Address (Number and street name)

If the exact address is not known, give a

description of the location such as the building

name or the nearest street or intersection.

b. Name of city, town, or post office

c. Is the work location inside the limits of that

city or town?

Yes

No, outside the city/town limits

d. Name of county

e. Name of U.S. state or foreign country

f. ZIP Code

At what location did this person work LAST

WEEK? If this person worked at more than one

location, print where he or she worked most

last week.

31

b. What is this person’s service-connected

disability rating?

0 percent

10 or 20 percent

30 or 40 percent

50 or 60 percent

70 percent or higher

a. LAST WEEK, did this person work for pay

at a job (or business)?

30

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 31

No – Did not work (or retired)

b. LAST WEEK, did this person do ANY work 

for pay, even for as little as one hour?

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 36a

LAST WEEK, what time did this person’s trip to

work usually begin?

34

a. LAST WEEK, was this person on layoff from

a job?

36

Light rail, streetcar,

or trolley

Ferryboat

Walked

Worked from

home ➔ SKIP

to question 40a

Other method

Answer question 33 if you marked "Car,

truck, or van" in question 32. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 34.

K

Person(s)

a.m.

p.m.

Hour Minute

How many people, including this person, 

usually rode to work in the car, truck, or van 

LAST WEEK?

33

Answer questions 36 – 39 if this person

did NOT work last week. Otherwise, 

SKIP to question 40a.

L

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 36c

No

b. LAST WEEK, was this person TEMPORARILY

absent from a job or business?

Yes, on vacation, temporary illness,

maternity leave, other family/personal

reasons, bad weather, etc. ➔ SKIP to

question 39

No ➔ SKIP to question 37

How many minutes did it usually take this

person to get from home to work LAST WEEK?

35

Minutes

:

Long-distance train or

commuter rail

b. During the PAST 12 

many WEEKS did th

paid time off and in

person only worked 

No, because of ow

Yes, could have go

No, because of all 

1 to 5 years ago ➔ 

Within the past 12 

Over 5 years ago o

question 43

Yes ➔ SKIP to q

No

During the PAST 12 M

WORKED, how many h

usually work each WE

41

Usual hours worked eac

When did this person 

days?

39

a. During the PAST 12 

this person work EV

vacation, paid sick 

as work.

40

LAST WEEK, could thi

job if offered one, or r

recalled?

38

No ➔ SKIP to ques

Yes

During the LAST 4 WE

ACTIVELY looking for 

37

Weeks

#¤

t name)

wn, give a

 as the building

tersection.

office

he limits of that

imits

n country

on work LAST

more than one

orked most

red)

do ANY work 

one hour?

6a

LAST WEEK, what time did this person’s trip to

work usually begin?

34

a. LAST WEEK, was this person on layoff from

a job?

36

Person(s)

a.m.

p.m.

Hour Minute

usually rode to work in the car, truck, or van 

LAST WEEK?

Answer questions 36 – 39 if this person

did NOT work last week. Otherwise, 

SKIP to question 40a.

L

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 36c

No

b. LAST WEEK, was this person TEMPORARILY

absent from a job or business?

Yes, on vacation, temporary illness,

maternity leave, other family/personal

reasons, bad weather, etc. ➔ SKIP to

question 39

No ➔ SKIP to question 37

How many minutes did it usually take this

person to get from home to work LAST WEEK?

35

Minutes

:

b. During the PAST 12 MONTHS (52 weeks), how

many WEEKS did this person work? Include

paid time off and include weeks when the

person only worked for a few hours.

1 to 5 years ago ➔ SKIP to

Within the past 12 months

Over 5 years ago or never worked ➔ SKIP to

question 43

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 41

No

During the PAST 12 MONTHS, in the WEEKS

WORKED, how many hours did this person 

usually work each WEEK?

41

Usual hours worked each WEEK

When did this person last work, even for a few

days?

39

a. During the PAST 12 MONTHS (52 weeks), did 

this person work EVERY week? Count paid 

vacation, paid sick leave, and military service 

as work.

40

M

Weeks

asked since 1890.
52 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

LABOR FORCE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Employment Opportunities

Knowing whether programs designed to employ 

specific groups, such as people with disabilities or 

veterans, are succeeding is important to employers, 

federal agencies, and federal government contractors 

(Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act, 

Rehabilitation Act of 1973).

State and local agencies use these statistics to identify 

labor surplus areas (areas with people available for 

hiring and training), plan workforce development 

programs, including job fairs and training programs, 

and to promote business opportunities. 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing more about people who are employed or 

looking for work in combination with age, sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, disability status, veteran status, and 

other data, helps governments and communities 

enforce laws, regulations, and policies against 

discrimination in employment. For example, labor 

force data are used to enforce nondiscrimination in 

employment by federal agencies, private employers, 

employment agencies, and labor organizations (Civil 

Rights Act of 1964). 

Understand Changes

Knowing the characteristics of people who are 

working or looking for work is an important part 

of estimating changes in the economy. Labor force 

estimates are used in funding decisions; to ensure 

surveys are accurate, including surveys that provide 

official labor market estimates; and to understand 

change in other data (Wagner-Peyser Act and 

Workforce Investment Act).

Labor Force Status asked since 1890—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 53

Language data are used in planning government 

programs for adults and children who do not speak 

English well. These data are also used to ensure that 

information about public health, law, regulations, 

voting, and safety is communicated in languages that 

community members understand.1

1

 Language spoken at home was not asked in 1950.

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Educate Children

Knowing how many children and youth with 

limited English-speaking abilities depend on 

services through schools helps school districts 

make long-term staffing and funding decisions. 

Language spoken at home in combination with 

other information, such as disability status, school 

enrollment, and poverty status, helps schools 

understand the needs of their students and qualify 

for grants that help fund programs for those 

students (Elementary and Secondary Education Act 

of 1965).

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the languages spoken by people in the 

community in combination with information about 

housing, voting, employment, and education, helps 

the government and communities enforce laws, 

regulations, and policies against discrimination based 

on national origin. For example, language data are 

used to support the enforcement responsibilities 

under the Voting Rights Act to investigate differences 

in voter participation rates and to enforce laws and 

policies related to bilingual requirements.

Knowing languages spoken in a community also 

helps federal agencies identify needs for services 

for people with limited English proficiency under 

Executive Order 13166. 

Understand Changes

Knowing whether people who speak languages other 

than English have the same opportunities in education, 

employment, voting, homeownership, and many other 

areas is of interest to researchers, advocacy groups, 

and policymakers. For example, language data are 

used with age and ancestry data to address language 

and cultural diversity needs in health care plans for the 

older population.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON SPEAKS A LANGUAGE OTHER 

THAN ENGLISH AT HOME, WHAT 

LANGUAGE HE/SHE SPEAKS, AND 

HOW WELL HE/SHE SPEAKS ENGLISH 

ARE USED TO CREATE STATISTICS 

ABOUT LANGUAGE AND ABILITY TO 

SPEAK ENGLISH.

Language Spoken at Home

No, outside the United States and 

Puerto Rico – Print name of foreign country, or U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, etc., below; 

then SKIP to question 16

Yes, this house ➔ SKIP to question 16

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 15a

el of school

ark (X) ONE box.

ous grade or

han 1 year of

 MA, MS, MEng, 

bachelor’s degree

LLB, JD)

e: PhD, EdD)

(For example: Italian, Jamaican, African Am.,

Cambodian, Cape Verdean, Norwegian, Dominican,

French Canadian, Haitian, Korean, Lebanese, Polish,

Nigerian, Mexican, Taiwanese, Ukrainian, and so on.)

dit, no degree

le: AA, AS)

e: BA, BS)

Person is under 1 year old ➔ SKIP to 

question 16

b. Where did this person live 1 year ago?

Name of city, town, or post office

ZIP Code

Name of U.S. county or

municipio in Puerto Rico

Name of U.S. state or 

Puerto Rico

b. What is this language?

c. How well does this person speak English?

Very well

Well

Not well

Not at all

For example: Korean, Italian, Spanish, Vietnamese

No, different house in the United States or

Puerto Rico

13039086

GH GRADE 12

a. Did this person live in this house or apartment

1 year ago?

Address (Number and street name)

What is this person’s ancestry or ethnic origin?

a. Does this person speak a language other than

English at home?

15

14

on has a

therwise,

rson’s 

int below the 

OR’S DEGREES 

ample: chemical 

ucation, 

13

asked since 1890.1
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 55

Marital status and marital history data help federal 

agencies understand marriage trends, forecast future 

needs of programs that have spousal benefits, and 

measure the effects of policies and programs that 

focus on the well-being of families, including tax 

policies and financial assistance programs.

MARITAL STATUS AND MARITAL HISTORY 

DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Benefits to Spouses and Survivors

Knowing more about how many spouses and 

ex-spouses may qualify for programs with spousal 

benefits, including veteran and social security 

programs, can help federal agencies ensure adequate 

funding and facilities for these programs and can help 

communities determine where gaps in benefits and 

services might exist. 

Provide Assistance to Families

Knowing more about families, particularly blended 

and single-parent families, along with data about the 

presence of children, labor force status, and poverty 

status, can help communities enroll eligible families 

in programs designed to assist them, such as the 

Children’s Health Insurance Program, and can help 

communities qualify for grants to fund these programs. 

These data are also used to evaluate programs like 

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.

Understand Changing Households

Knowing more about community marriage trends 

(whether people are marrying later in life, not 

getting married, or marrying again) in combination 

with information about age, presence of children, 

income, etc., can help communities understand if the 

available housing, job training, rental assistance, and 

administrative services and programs are meeting 

residents’ needs during their major life changes. These 

data also help the federal government plan for the 

future. For example, the Social Security Administration 

estimates future program needs based on the current 

relationships of working people.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON IS CURRENTLY MARRIED, 

WIDOWED, DIVORCED, SEPARATED, 

OR NEVER MARRIED; WHETHER HIS/

HER MARITAL STATUS CHANGED IN 

THE PAST 12 MONTHS; AND LIFETIME 

MARRIAGES ARE USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT CURRENT 

MARITAL STATUS AND MARITAL 

HISTORY. 

Marital Status and 

Marital History

When did this person serve on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces? Mark (X) a box for EACH period

in which this person served, even if just for part of the

period.

9

¤

rson is

Otherwise,

Yes

No

Now married

Widowed

Divorced

Separated

Never married ➔ SKIP to J

20

23 How many times has this person been married?

Once

Two times

Three or more times

24 In what year did this person last get married?

Year

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does this person have difficulty 

doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s

office or shopping?

What is this person’s marital status?

Less than 6 months

6 to 11 months

1 or 2 years

3 or 4 years

5 or more years

28

27

22 In the PAST 12 MONTHS did this person get –

a. Married?

b. Widowed?

c. Divorced?

Yes No

21

e/she have

e/she have 

n when wearing

nce 

fy

c. How long has this grandparent been responsible for these grandchildren?

If the grandparent is financially responsible for

more than one grandchild, answer the question

for the grandchild for whom the grandparent has

been responsible for the longest period of time.

September 2001 or later

August 1990 to August 2001 (including 

Persian Gulf War)

May 1975 to July 1990

Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975)

Korean War (July 1950 to January 1955)

World War II (December 1941 to December 1946)

February 1955 to July 1964

January 1947 to June 1950

November 1941 or earlier

Has this person ever served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces, Reserves, or National Guard?

Mark (X) ONE box.

Never served in the military ➔ SKIP to 

question 30a

Now on active duty

On active duty in the past, but not now

Only on active duty for training in the Reserves

or National Guard ➔ SKIP to question 29a

Answer question 20 if this person is 

15 years old or over. Otherwise, SKIP to 

the questions for Person 2 on page 12.

I

a

an? A premium 

d on a regular 

s not include

penses such 

family member

y based on 

e premium?

asked since 1880.

asked since 1850.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 57

Migration (residence 1 year ago) data are used in 

planning government programs. The characteristics 

of people who have moved are also an important part 

of estimating population changes. These population 

estimates are used in funding decisions, to ensure 

surveys are accurate, to understand change in other 

data, and to produce official international migration 

estimates.

MIGRATION/RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO DATA 

HELP COMMUNITIES:

Understand Changes

Knowing the characteristics of people who have 

moved and the patterns of migration (where people 

move to and from) is an important part of estimating 

population changes. Population estimates are used 

in funding decisions, to ensure surveys are accurate, 

to understand change in other data, and to produce 

international migration estimates. These data also help 

agencies assess residential stability and the effects of 

migration on urban and rural areas.

Knowing where certain populations move to and from 

helps federal agencies assess the needs of counties 

with large refugee populations and the effects of 

immigration on local areas.

Knowing the characteristics of people who live or have 

lived in certain areas is important to understand the 

relationships among different development patterns, 

including housing and travel information, public 

health, and pollution. These data may also assist state 

and local agencies in developing programs that attract 

new residents or employers.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON MOVED IN THE LAST YEAR 

AND WHERE HE OR SHE LIVED 1 

YEAR AGO ARE USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT WHERE PEOPLE 

ARE MOVING (TO/FROM FOREIGN 

COUNTRIES AND WITHIN THE UNITED 

STATES).

Migration (Previous Residence)/Residence 1 Year Ago

asked since 1930.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 59

These statistics are essential for agencies and 

policymakers setting and evaluating immigration 

policies and laws; seeking to understand the 

experience of different immigrant groups; and 

enforcing laws, policies, and regulations against 

discrimination based on national origin. These 

statistics are also used to tailor services to 

accommodate cultural differences.

1

 Citizenship asked 1820, 1830, 1870, and 1890 to present.

2 Year of entry asked 1890–1930 and 1970 to present.

PLACE OF BIRTH, CITIZENSHIP, AND YEAR 

OF ENTRY DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing how many people in the community are born 

in other countries in combination with information 

about housing, voting, language, employment, and 

education, helps the government and communities 

to enforce laws, regulations, and policies against 

discrimination based on national origin. For example, 

these data are used to support the enforcement 

responsibilities under the Voting Rights Act to 

investigate differences in voter participation rates and 

to enforce other laws and policies regarding bilingual 

requirements.

Educate Children

Knowing how many foreign-born children depend 

on services through schools helps school districts 

make staffing and funding decisions. Place of birth, 

citizenship, and year of entry statistics in combination 

with other information, such as language spoken 

at home, help schools understand the needs of 

their students and qualify for grants that help fund 

programs for those students (Elementary and 

Secondary Education Act of 1965). 

Understand Changes

Knowing whether people of different races or 

countries of birth have the same opportunities in 

education, employment, voting, homeownership, 

and many other areas is of interest to researchers, 

advocacy groups, and policymakers. These data may 

also help communities with large refugee populations 

that qualify for financial assistance (Immigration 

Nationality Act).

QUESTIONS ABOUT A PERSON’S 

PLACE OF BIRTH, CITIZENSHIP, AND 

YEAR OF ENTRY INTO THE UNITED 

STATES ARE USED TO CREATE DATA 

ABOUT CITIZENS, NONCITIZENS, AND 

THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION.

Place of Birth,

Citizenship, and 

Year of Entry

No, outside the United States 

Puerto Rico – Print name of f

or U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam

then SKIP to question 16

Yes, this house ➔ SKIP to qu

8

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 15a

What is the highest degree or level of school

this person has COMPLETED? Mark (X) ONE box.

If currently enrolled, mark the previous grade or

highest degree received.

No schooling completed

Regular high school diploma

Some college credit, but less than 1 year of

college credit

Master’s degree (for example: MA, MS, MEng, MEd, MSW, MBA)

Professional degree beyond a bachelor’s degree

(for example: MD, DDS, DVM, LLB, JD)

Doctorate degree (for example: PhD, EdD)

(For example: Italian, Jamaican, Afric

Cambodian, Cape Verdean, Norwegia

French Canadian, Haitian, Korean, Leb

Nigerian, Mexican, Taiwanese, Ukrain

12th grade – NO DIPLOMA

1 or more years of college credit, no degree

Associate’s degree (for example: AA, AS)

Bachelor’s degree (for example: BA, BS)

Person is under 1 year old ➔ 

question 16

b. Where did this person live 1 yea

Name of city, town, or post off

ZIP 

Name of U.S. county or

municipio in Puerto Rico

Name of U.S. state or 

Puerto Rico

b. What is this language?

c. How well does this person spea

Very well

Well

Not well

Not at all

11

For example: Korean, Italian, Span

No, different house in the Un

Puerto Rico

§.${w¤

1

Person 1

NURSERY OR PRESCHOOL THROUGH GRADE 12

Nursery school

Kindergarten

Grade 1 through 11 – Specify grade 1 – 11

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE

GED or alternative credential

COLLEGE OR SOME COLLEGE

AFTER BACHELOR’S DEGREE

a. Did this person live in this hous

1 year ago?

Address (Number and street na

What is this person’s ancestry or e

12

a. Does this person speak a langua

English at home?

15

NO SCHOOLING COMPLETED

14

Answer question 12 if this person has a

bachelor’s degree or higher. Otherwise,

SKIP to question 13.

F

This question focuses on this person’s 

BACHELOR’S DEGREE. Please print below the 

specific major(s) of any BACHELOR’S DEGREES 

this person has received. (For example: chemical 

engineering, elementary teacher education, 

organizational psychology)

13

Please copy the name of Person 1 from page 2,

then continue answering questions below.

Last Name

First Name

Where was this person born?

In the United States – Print name of state.

Yes, born in the United States ➔ SKIP to 

question 10a

Outside the United States – Print name of

foreign country, or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.

Yes, born in Puerto Rico, Guam, the

U.S. Virgin Islands, or Northern Marianas

Yes, born abroad of U.S. citizen parent 

or parents

No, not a U.S. citizen

Yes, U.S. citizen by naturalization – Print year of naturalization

Is this person a citizen of the United States?

When did this person come to live in the

United States? If this person came to live in the

United States more than once, print latest year.

MI

Year

No, has not attended in the last 3

months ➔ SKIP to question 11

Yes, public school, public college

Yes, private school, private college, 

home school

7

➜

8

9

10

Nursery school, preschool

Kindergarten

Grade 1 through 12 – Specify grade 1 – 12

College undergraduate years (freshman to

senior)

Graduate or professional school beyond a

bachelor’s degree (for example: MA or PhD program, or medical or law school)

b. What grade or level was this person attending?

Mark (X) ONE box.

a. At any time IN THE LAST 3 MONTHS, has this person attended school or college? 

Include only nursery or preschool, kindergarten, 

elementary school, home school, and schooling

which leads to a high school diploma or a college

degree.

asked since 1850.

asked since 1820.1

asked since 1890.2
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 61

These data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that identify areas eligible for 

housing assistance, rehabilitation loans, and other 

programs that help people access and afford decent, 

safe, and sanitary housing. Public health officials may 

also use this information to locate areas in danger of 

groundwater contamination and waterborne diseases.

PLUMBING FACILITIES, KITCHEN 

FACILITIES, AND TELEPHONE SERVICE 

DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing more about the quality of housing in a 

community helps communities understand whether 

available housing meets the needs of residents. When 

housing is not sufficient or not affordable, data on 

household facilities can help communities enroll 

eligible households in programs designed to assist 

them, and can help communities qualify for grants 

from the Community Development Block Grant, HOME 

Investment Partnership Program, Emergency Solutions 

Grant, Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, 

and other programs.

Plan Community Development

Knowing how the quality of different types of homes 

in combination with whether they are occupied or 

vacant, can help communities identify opportunities 

to improve tax, assistance, and zoning policies 

and to reduce tax revenue losses from vacant or 

abandoned properties. These data may also be useful 

in identifying types of homes in disaster-prone areas 

during emergency planning and preparation.

Ensure Residents Can Communicate 

Measuring the extent of telephone service helps 

communities ensure their residents have universal 

access to assistance programs, emergency services, 

and important information.

Measure Environmental Impacts

Substandard plumbing systems may impact the local 

water supply. Understanding where these systems 

are concentrated helps communities research their 

wastewater infrastructure needs and work to improve 

their systems.

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PRESENCE 

OF HOT AND COLD RUNNING WATER, 

A BATHTUB OR SHOWER, A SINK 

WITH A FAUCET, A STOVE OR RANGE, 

A REFRIGERATOR, AND TELEPHONE 

SERVICE ARE USED TO CREATE DATA 

ABOUT INDICATORS OF HOUSING 

QUALITY.

Plumbing Facilities,

Kitchen Facilities, and

Telephone Service

7

13039052

 a HOUSE

e, SKIP to

 question 6a

e or

hat

gricultural

Does this house, apartment, or mobile

home have –

 are in this

le home?

y built-in

d out at least

ceiling.

a. hot and cold running water?

At this house, apartment, or mobile home –

do you or any member of this household

own or use any of the following types of

computers?

b. a bathtub or shower?

c. a sink with a faucet?

e. a refrigerator?

d. a stove or range?

9

ns, etc.

hes, balconies,

basements.

 are bedrooms?

oms you would

or mobile home

an

print "0".

Yes No

At this house, apartment, or mobile home –

do you or any member of this household 

have access to the internet?

Yes, by paying a cell phone company or

internet service provider

Yes, without paying a cell phone company

or internet service provider ➔ SKIP to

question 12

No access to the internet at this house,

apartment, or mobile home ➔ SKIP to

question 12

10

a. Desktop or laptop

b. Smartphone

d. Some other type of computer

Specify

Yes No

Do you or any member of this household 

have access to the internet using a –

11

a. cellular data plan for a 

smartphone or other mobile 

device?

b. broadband (high speed) 

internet service such as cable,

fiber optic, or DSL service

installed in this household?

d. dial-up internet service 

installed in this household?

e. some other service?

Yes No

c. satellite internet service 

installed in this household?

c. Tablet or other portable 

wireless computer

Can you or any member of this household

both make and receive phone calls when at

this house, apartment, or mobile home?

Include calls using cell phones, land lines, or

other phone devices.

8

Yes

No

7

13039052

 a HOUSE

e, SKIP to

 question 6a

e or

hat

gricultural

Does this house, apartment, or mobile

home have –

 are in this

le home?

y built-in

d out at least

ceiling.

a. hot and cold running water?

At this house, apartment, or mobile home –

do you or any member of this household

own or use any of the following types of

computers?

b. a bathtub or shower?

c. a sink with a faucet?

e. a refrigerator?

d. a stove or range?

9

ns, etc.

hes, balconies,

basements.

 are bedrooms?

oms you would

or mobile home

an

print "0".

Yes No

At this house, apartment, or mobile home –

do you or any member of this household 

have access to the internet?

Yes, by paying a cell phone company or

internet service provider

Yes, without paying a cell phone company

or internet service provider ➔ SKIP to

question 12

No access to the internet at this house,

apartment, or mobile home ➔ SKIP to

question 12

10

a. Desktop or laptop

b. Smartphone

d. Some other type of computer

Specify

Yes No

Do you or any member of this household 

have access to the internet using a –

11

a. cellular data plan for a 

smartphone or other mobile 

device?

b. broadband (high speed) 

internet service such as cable,

fiber optic, or DSL service

installed in this household?

d. dial-up internet service 

itlld ithihhld?

Yes No

c. satellite internet service 

installed in this household?

c. Tablet or other portable 

wireless computer

Can you or any member of this household

both make and receive phone calls when at

this house, apartment, or mobile home?

Include calls using cell phones, land lines, or

other phone devices.

8

Yes

No

asked since 1940.

asked since 1960.

asked since 1940.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 63

Race 

These data are required for federal, state, and 

tribal programs and are critical factors in the basic 

research behind numerous policies, particularly 

for civil rights. Race data are used in planning and 

funding government programs that provide funds 

or services for specific groups. These data are also 

used to evaluate government programs and policies 

to ensure they fairly and equitably serve the needs 

of all racial groups and to monitor compliance with 

antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and policies. 

The U.S. Census Bureau collects race data in 

accordance with the 1997 Office of Management 

and Budget standards on race and ethnicity. The 

categories on race are based on self-identification 

and generally reflect a social definition of race. 

The categories are not an attempt to define race 

biologically, anthropologically, or genetically.

RACE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the races of community members in 

combination with information about housing, 

voting, language, employment, and education, 

A QUESTION ABOUT A PERSON’S 

RACE IS USED TO CREATE STATISTICS 

ABOUT RACE AND TO PRESENT 

OTHER ESTIMATES BY RACE GROUPS.

asked since 1790.
64 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

helps government and communities enforce 

antidiscrimination laws, regulations, and policies. For 

example, race data are used in the following ways:

• Establish and evaluate the guidelines for federal 

affirmative action plans under the Federal Equal 

Opportunity Recruitment Program. 

• Monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act and 

enforce bilingual election requirements. 

• Monitor and enforce equal employment 

opportunities under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 

• Identify segments of the population who may not 

be getting needed medical services under the 

Public Health Service Act. 

• Allocate funds to school districts for bilingual 

services under the Bilingual Education Act.

Understand Changes

Knowing if people of different races have the same 

opportunities in education, employment, voting, 

homeownership, and many other areas is of interest 

to researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers. 

The National Science Foundation uses data on race 

to provide information on people of different racial 

backgrounds in the science and engineering workforce. 

Several federal agencies use race data to investigate 

whether housing or transportation improvements have 

unintended consequences for specific race groups. 

Data on race are used with age and language data to 

address language and cultural diversity needs in health 

care plans for the older population.

Administer Programs for Specific Groups

Knowing how many people are eligible to participate 

in certain programs helps communities, including tribal 

governments, ensure that programs are operating 

as intended. For example, the Indian Housing Block 

Grant program, Indian Community Development Block 

Grant program, and Indian Health Service all depend 

on accurate estimates of American Indians and Alaska 

Natives. Data for the American Indian and Alaska 

Native population come from the question about a 

person’s race.

Race asked since 1790—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 65

Relationship data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide funds or services 

for families, people living or raising children alone, 

grandparents living with grandchildren, or other 

households that qualify for additional assistance. 

RELATIONSHIP DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing about the different types of households 

in a community (single people, couples, families, 

roommates, etc.) helps communities understand 

whether available housing meets the needs of 

residents. Information about the relationships among 

people in a household, in combination with housing 

costs and the combined income of all people in a 

household, helps communities understand whether 

housing is affordable for residents.

When housing is not sufficient or not affordable, 

relationship data can help communities enroll eligible 

households in programs designed to assist them, 

and can help communities qualify for grants from 

the Community Development Block Grant, HOME 

Investment Partnership Program, Emergency Solutions 

Grant, Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, 

and other programs.

Provide Assistance to Families

Knowing more about families, such as the ages of 

children, household income, health insurance status, 

and poverty status, can help communities enroll eligible 

families in programs designed to assist them, such 

as Head Start and the Children’s Health Insurance 

Program, and can help communities qualify for grants 

to fund these programs. Relationship data are also used 

to ensure that programs like Temporary Assistance for 

Needy Families are making a difference for families.

Understand Changing Households

Information about living arrangements and how they 

are changing, including whether older residents are 

staying in their homes as they age, whether young 

people are living with parents or moving in with 

roommates, and which kinds of households include 

young children, can help communities plan future 

programs and services for residents. For example, 

the Social Security Administration estimates future 

program needs based on the current relationships of 

working people.

A QUESTION ABOUT THE 

RELATIONSHIP OF EACH PERSON IN 

A HOUSEHOLD TO ONE CENTRAL 

PERSON IS USED TO CREATE 

ESTIMATES ABOUT FAMILIES, 

HOUSEHOLDS, AND OTHER GROUPS, 

AND TO PRESENT OTHER DATA AT A 

HOUSEHOLD LEVEL.

Relationship

1

§.${F¤

What is Person 3’s name?

Person 3 P

Last Name (Please print) First Name MI

1 What is Person 4’s name?

2

Last Name (Please print) 

2

Opposite-sex husband/wife/s

Same-sex husband/wife/spo

Biological son or daughter

Opposite-sex unmarried part

Same-sex unmarried partner

Adopted son or daughter

Stepson or stepdaughter

Brother or sister

How is this person related to 

Opposite-sex husband/wife/spouse

Same-sex husband/wife/spouse

Biological son or daughter

Opposite-sex unmarried partner

Same-sex unmarried partner

Adopted son or daughter

Stepson or stepdaughter

Father or mother

Brother or sister

Grandchild

Son-in-law or daughter-in-law

Other relative

Roommate or housemate

Foster child

Other nonrelative

Parent-in-law

How is this person related to Person 1? Mark (X) ONE box.

3 What is Person 3’s sex? Mark (X) ONE box.

Male Female

4 What is Person 3’s age and what is Person 3’s date of birth?

Please report babies as age 0 when the child is less than 1 year old.

NOTE: Please answer BOTH Question 5 about Hispanic origin and 

Question 6 about race. For this survey, Hispanic origins are not races.

Print numbers in boxes.

➜

Age (in years) Month Day Year of birth

White

American Indian or Alaska N

Black or African Am.

No, not of Hispanic, Latino, 

Yes, Cuban

Yes, Mexican, Mexican Am., 

Yes, Puerto Rican

Asian Indian

Chinese

Filipino

3 What is Person 4’s sex? Mar

Male Female

4 What is Person 4’s age and w

Please report babies as age 0 w

5 Is Person 4 of Hispanic, Lati

6 What is Person 4’s race? Ma

NOTE: Please answer BOTH 

Question 6 about race. For t

➜

Print n

Age (in years) Month 

Yes, another Hispanic, Latino

Argentinean, Colombian, Do

and so on.

Other Asian – Print race,

for example, Hmong, 

Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, 

Cambodian, and so on.

Some other race – Print race

C

C 

White

American Indian or Alaska Native — Print name of enrolled or principal tribe.

Black or African Am.

No, not of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin

Yes, Cuban

Yes, Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano

Yes, Puerto Rican

Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin – Print origin, for example, 

Argentinean, Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, 

and so on.

Asian Indian

Chinese

Filipino

Other Asian – Print race,

for example, Hmong, 

Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, 

Cambodian, and so on.

Native Hawaiian

Guamanian or Chamorro

Samoan

Other Pacific Islander – 

Print race, for example, 

Fijian, Tongan, and 

so on.

5 Is Person 3 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin?

6 What is Person 3’s race? Mark (X) one or more boxes.

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Some other race – Print race.

C

C

C

C

C

asked since 1880.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 67

School Enrollment,

Educational Attainment, and

Undergraduate Field of Degree

asked since 1850.

asked since 1940.

asked since 2009.
68 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

These statistics are used to analyze the characteristics 

and needs of school-aged children and to understand 

the continuing education needs of adults.

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, EDUCATIONAL 

ATTAINMENT, AND UNDERGRADUATE 

FIELD OF DEGREE DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Educate Children and Adults

Knowing how many children and adults depend on 

services through schools helps school districts make 

long-term building, staffing, and funding decisions. 

School enrollment in combination with other 

information, such as disability status, language spoken 

at home, and poverty status, helps schools understand 

the needs of their students and qualify for grants that 

help fund programs for those students (Elementary 

and Secondary Education Act of 1965). 

Knowing how many adults do not have a high school 

diploma or equivalent helps schools understand the 

needs of adult students and qualify for grants that 

help fund programs for these students (Workforce 

Investment Act).

Knowing the major fields of study of adults with 

bachelor’s degrees enables efforts to develop the 

nation’s science, technology, engineering, and 

mathematics labor force (America COMPETES 

Reauthorization Act of 2010). 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Understanding more about the characteristics of 

people enrolled or not enrolled in school helps 

government and communities enforce laws, regulations, 

and policies against discrimination in education (Civil 

Rights Act of 1964).

Knowing the educational attainment of workers 

compared to those seeking employment in 

combination with age, sex, race, Hispanic 

origin, disability, and other data, helps enforce 

nondiscrimination in employment by federal agencies, 

private employers, employment agencies, and labor 

organizations (Civil Rights Act of 1964). 

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER A 

PERSON IS ATTENDING SCHOOL OR 

COLLEGE, THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF 

EDUCATION HE/SHE HAS COMPLETED, 

AND THE FIELD OF ANY COMPLETED 

UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGE DEGREES 

ARE USED TO CREATE DATA ABOUT 

EDUCATION.

School Enrollment

Educational Attainment

Undergraduate Field of Degree

asked since 1850—Con.

asked since 1940—Con.

asked since 2009—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 69

14

13039060

]¤

nued)

ns, and trucks

are kept at

f this

15

16

17

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, did you or

any member of this household receive

benefits from the Food Stamp Program

or SNAP (the Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program)? Do NOT include

WIC, the School Lunch Program, or

assistance from food banks.

Owned by you or someone in this

household with a mortgage or

loan? Include home equity loans.

OR

None

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home

part of a condominium?

Yes ➔ What is the monthly

condominium fee? For renters,

answer only if you pay the

condominium fee in addition to

your rent; otherwise, mark the

"None" box.

No

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home –

Mark (X) ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this

household free and clear (without a

mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of

rent? ➔ SKIP to on the next page C

Monthly amount – Dollars

Yes

No

a. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of electricity for this house,

apartment, or mobile home?

Last month’s cost – Dollars

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or electricity not used

b. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of gas for this house, apartment,

or mobile home?

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or gas not used

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge

c. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was

the cost of water and sewer for this

house, apartment, or mobile home? If

you have lived here less than 12 months,

estimate the cost.

Included in electricity payment

entered above

Last month’s cost – Dollars

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

d. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was the

cost of oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.,

for this house, apartment, or mobile

home? If you have lived here less than 12

months, estimate the cost.

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or these fuels not used

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

pipes serving the

or heating this

e home?

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

14

13039060

{]¤

ntinued)

es, vans, and trucks

 less are kept at

bers of this

15

16

17

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, did you or

any member of this household receive

benefits from the Food Stamp Program

or SNAP (the Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program)? Do NOT include

WIC, the School Lunch Program, or

assistance from food banks.

Owned by you or someone in this

household with a mortgage or

loan? Include home equity loans.

OR

None

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home

part of a condominium?

Yes ➔ What is the monthly

condominium fee? For renters,

answer only if you pay the

condominium fee in addition to

your rent; otherwise, mark the

"None" box.

No

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home –

Mark (X) ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this

household free and clear (without a

mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of

rent? ➔ SKIP to on the next page C

Monthly amount – Dollars

Yes

No

a. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of electricity for this house,

apartment, or mobile home?

Last month’s cost – Dollars

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or electricity not used

b. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of gas for this house, apartment,

or mobile home?

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or gas not used

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge

c. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was

the cost of water and sewer for this

house, apartment, or mobile home? If

you have lived here less than 12 months,

estimate the cost.

Included in electricity payment

entered above

Last month’s cost – Dollars

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

d. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was the

cost of oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.,

for this house, apartment, or mobile

home? If you have lived here less than 12

months, estimate the cost.

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or these fuels not used

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

und pipes serving the

or LP

etc.

OST for heating this

mobile home?

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

Answer questions 

next page if you li

on page 2. Otherw

the mailing instru

E

Answer question 

HOME. Otherwise

D

22

§.${o¤

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a mortgage, deed of

trust, contract to purchase, or similar

debt on THIS property?

Yes, contract to purchase

No ➔ SKIP to question 23a

b. How much is the regular monthly

mortgage payment on THIS property?

Include payment only on FIRST mortgage

or contract to purchase.

OR

No regular payment required ➔ SKIP to

question 23a

Yes, taxes included in mortgage

payment

No, taxes paid separately or taxes

not required

c. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for real

estate taxes on THIS property?

Monthly amount – Dollars

d. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for fire,

hazard, or flood insurance on THIS

property?

Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar

debt

Yes, insurance included in mortgage

payment

No, insurance paid separately or no

insurance

Housing (continued) 23

Monthly amoun

No ➔ SKIP 

a. Do you or any 

household hav

or a home equ

property?

Yes, home 

Yes, secon

Yes, secon

equity loa

b. How much is t

payment on al

mortgages an

on THIS prope

OR

No regula

24 What are the tot

personal propert

registration fees

THIS mobile hom

Exclude real estate 

Annual costs – Do

Answer questions 19 – 23 if you or any

member of this household OWNS

or IS BUYING this house, apartment, or

mobile home. Otherwise, SKIP to .

About how much do you think this

house and lot, apartment, or mobile

home (and lot, if owned) would sell for

if it were for sale?

E

19

Amount – Dollars

20 What are the annual real estate taxes on

THIS property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

What is the annual payment for fire,

hazard, and flood insurance on THIS

property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

21

b. Does the monthly rent include any

meals?

Yes

No

a. What is the monthly rent for this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

18

Monthly amount – Dollars

C

Answer questions 18a and b if this house,

apartment, or mobile home is RENTED.

Otherwise, SKIP to question 19.

B

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ 

, $ 

, $ , .00

Answer question 24 if this is a MOBILE

HOME. Otherwise, SKIP to .

D

E

22

13039078

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a mortgage, deed of

trust, contract to purchase, or similar

debt on THIS property?

Yes, contract to purchase

No ➔ SKIP to question 23a

b. How much is the regular monthly

mortgage payment on THIS property?

Include payment only on FIRST mortgage

or contract to purchase.

OR

No regular payment required ➔ SKIP to

question 23a

Yes, taxes included in mortgage

payment

No, taxes paid separately or taxes

not required

c. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for real

estate taxes on THIS property?

Monthly amount – Dollars

d. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for fire

Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar

debt

Housing (continued) 23

Monthly amount – Dollars

No ➔ SKIP to D

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a second mortgage

or a home equity loan on THIS

property?

Yes, home equity loan

Yes, second mortgage

Yes, second mortgage and home

equity loan

b. How much is the regular monthly

payment on all second or junior

mortgages and all home equity loans

on THIS property?

OR

No regular payment required

24 What are the total annual costs for

personal property taxes, site rent,

registration feesand license fees on

Answer questions 19 – 23 if you or any

member of this household OWNS

or IS BUYING this house, apartment, or

mobile home. Otherwise, SKIP to .

About how much do you think this

house and lot, apartment, or mobile

home (and lot, if owned) would sell for

if it were for sale?

E

19

Amount – Dollars

b. Does the monthly rent include any

meals?

Yes

No

a. What is the monthly rent for this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

18

Monthly amount – Dollars

C

Answer questions 18a and b if this house,

apartment, or mobile home is RENTED.

Otherwise, SKIP to question 19.

B

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

Answer questions about PERSON 1 on the

next page if you listed at least one person

on page 2. Otherwise, SKIP to page 28 for

the mailing instructions.

E

Answer question 24 if this is a MOBILE

HOME. Otherwise, SKIP to .

D

E

7

22

13039078

o¤

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a mortgage, deed of

trust, contract to purchase, or similar

debt on THIS property?

Yes, contract to purchase

No ➔ SKIP to question 23a

b. How much is the regular monthly

mortgage payment on THIS property?

Include payment only on FIRST mortgage

or contract to purchase.

OR

No regular payment required ➔ SKIP to

question 23a

Yes, taxes included in mortgage

payment

No, taxes paid separately or taxes

not required

c. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for real

estate taxes on THIS property?

Monthly amount – Dollars

d. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for fire,

hazard, or flood insurance on THIS

property?

Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar

debt

Yes, insurance included in mortgage

payment

No, insurance paid separately or no

insurance

nued) 23

Monthly amount – Dollars

No ➔ SKIP to D

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a second mortgage

or a home equity loan on THIS

property?

Yes, home equity loan

Yes, second mortgage

Yes, second mortgage and home

equity loan

b. How much is the regular monthly

payment on all second or junior

mortgages and all home equity loans

on THIS property?

OR

No regular payment required

24 What are the total annual costs for

personal property taxes, site rent,

registration fees, and license fees on

THIS mobile home and its site?

Exclude real estate taxes.

Annual costs – Dollars

you or any

WNS

artment, or

KIP to .

hink this

 or mobile

would sell for

E

estate taxes on

nt for fire,

ce on THIS

nclude any

t for this

obile home?

if this house,

s RENTED.

19.

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

0

1

1

 Cost of utilities asked since 1940, 

condominium and mobile home fees asked 

since 1990, taxes asked in 1940 and since 

1980, insurance cost asked since 1980, and 

mortgages cost asked in 1940 and since 1980.

Answer quest

next page if y

on page 2. Ot

the mailing in

E

Answer quest

HOME. Other

D

22

§.${o¤

a. Do you or any member of this

household have a mortgage, deed of

trust, contract to purchase, or similar

debt on THIS property?

Yes, contract to purchase

No ➔ SKIP to question 23a

b. How much is the regular monthly

mortgage payment on THIS property?

Include payment only on FIRST mortgage

or contract to purchase.

OR

No regular payment required ➔ SKIP to

question 23a

Yes, taxes included in mortgage

payment

No, taxes paid separately or taxes

not required

c. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for real

estate taxes on THIS property?

Monthly amount – Dollars

d. Does the regular monthly mortgage

payment include payments for fire,

hazard, or flood insurance on THIS

property?

Yes, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar

debt

Yes, insurance included in mortgage

payment

No, insurance paid separately or no

insurance

Housing (continued) 23

Monthly am

No ➔ 

a. Do you or 

household 

or a home 

property?

Yes, h

Yes, se

Yes, s

equity 

b. How much 

payment o

mortgages 

on THIS pr

O

No reg

24 What are the 

personal pro

registration 

THIS mobile 

Exclude real e

Annual costs – 

Answer questions 19 – 23 if you or any

member of this household OWNS

or IS BUYING this house, apartment, or

mobile home. Otherwise, SKIP to .

About how much do you think this

house and lot, apartment, or mobile

home (and lot, if owned) would sell for

if it were for sale?

E

19

Amount – Dollars

20 What are the annual real estate taxes on

THIS property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

What is the annual payment for fire,

hazard, and flood insurance on THIS

property?

Annual amount – Dollars

OR

None

21

b. Does the monthly rent include any

meals?

Yes

No

a. What is the monthly rent for this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

18

Monthly amount – Dollars

C

Answer questions 18a and b if this house,

apartment, or mobile home is RENTED.

Otherwise, SKIP to question 19.

B

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ 

, $ 

, $ , .00

(Cost of Utilities, 

Condominium and Mobile Home Fees, Taxes, Insurance, 

and Mortgages).1

Selected Monthly Owner Costs
70 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

These data are used in government programs that 

analyze whether adequate housing is affordable for 

residents and to provide and fund housing assistance 

programs. These statistics are also used to enforce 

laws, regulations, and policies against discrimination in 

government programs and in society.

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS DATA 

HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Comparing housing costs to household income (the 

combined income of everyone in the household) 

helps communities understand whether housing is 

affordable for residents.

When housing is not sufficient or not affordable, 

housing cost data can help communities enroll 

eligible households in programs designed to assist 

them, and can help communities qualify for grants 

from the Community Development Block Grant, 

HOME Investment Partnerships Program, Emergency 

Solutions Grants, Housing Opportunities for Persons 

With AIDS, and other programs.

Plan Community Development

Knowing how housing costs change over time can 

help communities understand changes in local housing 

markets and to identify opportunities to improve tax, 

assistance, and zoning policies.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing more about the housing costs of people 

who own homes in the community in combination 

with age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, disability, and 

other data about the household residents, helps 

government and communities enforce laws designed 

to eliminate discrimination in housing (Fair Housing 

Act of 1968).

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE USE AND 

COST OF COMMON UTILITIES, 

ANY APPLICABLE CONDOMINIUM 

AND MOBILE HOME FEES, TAXES, 

MORTGAGES, AND HOME LOANS 

ARE USED TO PRODUCE STATISTICS 

ABOUT SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER 

COSTS.

Selected Monthly Owner Costs (Cost of Utilities, 

Condominium and Mobile Home Fees, Taxes, Insurance, and 

Mortgages)—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 71

Data disaggregated by sex are used in planning and 

funding government programs and in evaluating 

other government programs and policies to ensure 

they fairly and equitably serve the needs of males 

and females. These statistics are also used to enforce 

laws, regulations, and policies against discrimination in 

government programs and in society.

DATA DISAGGREGATED BY SEX HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the distribution of men and women in the 

community in combination with information about 

housing, voting, language, employment, and education, 

helps government and communities enforce laws, 

regulations, and policies against discrimination on the 

basis of sex. For example, sex-disaggregated data are 

used to enforce laws against discrimination based on 

sex in education programs and activities receiving 

federal financial assistance (Title IX of the Education 

Amendments of 1972).

Understand Changes

Knowing whether men and women have the same 

opportunities in education, employment, voting, 

homeownership, and many other areas is of interest 

to researchers, advocacy groups, and policymakers. 

For example, the National Science Foundation uses 

data disaggregated by sex to provide information 

on women in the science and engineering workforce, 

and several agencies use sex-disaggregated data 

to investigate whether women, including women 

who are military veterans, have similar employment 

opportunities as men.

A QUESTION ABOUT THE SEX OF 

EACH PERSON IS USED TO CREATE 

STATISTICS ABOUT MALES AND 

FEMALES AND TO PRESENT OTHER 

DATA, SUCH AS OCCUPATION, BY SEX.

Sex

2

1

§.${>¤

What is Person 1’s name?

Last Name (Please print) First Name MI

2 How is this person related to Person 1?

X Person 1

3 What is Person 1’s sex? Mark (X) ONE box.

Male Female

4 What is Person 1’s age and what is Person 1’s date of birth?

Please report babies as age 0 when the child is less than 1 year old.

NOTE: Please answer BOTH Question 5 about Hispanic origin and 

Question 6 about race. For this survey, Hispanic origins are not races.

Print numbers in boxes.

➜

Age (in years) Month Day Year of birth

Same-sex husb

Biological son 

Opposite-sex u

Same-sex unm

Adopted son o

Stepson or ste

Brother or siste

White

American India

Black or Africa

No, not of Hisp

Yes, Cuban

Yes, Mexican, 

Yes, Puerto Ric

Asian Indian

Chinese

Filipino

3 What is Person 2

Male 

4 What is Person 2

Please report babi

5 Is Person 2 of Hi

6 What is Person 2

NOTE: Please a

Question 6 abou

➜

Age (in years) 

Yes, another H

Argentinean, C

and so on.

Other Asian – P

for example, H

Laotian, Thai, P

Cambodian, an

Some other ra

C

White

American Indian or Alaska Native — Print name of enrolled or principal tribe.

Black or African Am.

No, not of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin

Yes, Cuban

Yes, Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano

Yes, Puerto Rican

Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin – Print origin, for example, 

Argentinean, Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, 

and so on.

Asian Indian

Chinese

Filipino

Other Asian – Print race,

for example, Hmong, 

Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, 

Cambodian, and so on.

Native Hawaiian

Guamanian or Chamorro

Samoan

Other Pacific Islander – 

Print race, for example, 

Fijian, Tongan, and 

so on.

5 Is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin?

6 What is Person 1’s race? Mark (X) one or more boxes.

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

Some other race – Print race.

C

C

C

C

C

asked since 1790.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 73

SNAP data are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide food assistance 

and in evaluating other government programs.1

SNAP DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Food Assistance to School Children

Knowing more about food assistance program 

participation in combination with school enrollment, 

income, and poverty status, can help communities 

streamline administration of the National School 

Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program by 

replacing administrative paperwork with American 

Community Survey estimates of students eligible for 

free and reduced-price meals.

1

 In 2008, the food stamp program was renamed SNAP, but the 

question uses both program names to minimize confusion.

Evaluate SNAP

Knowing more about food assistance program 

participation helps the U.S. Department of Agriculture 

to evaluate SNAP and award bonuses to communities 

that administer SNAP funds well.

Understand Changes

State and local agencies use these statistics to assess 

state food assistance needs and participation rates 

for eligible families and individuals and to determine 

gaps in services and programs. Faith-based and other 

nonprofit organizations use information about food 

assistance needs to determine where food banks, food 

kitchens, and other programs could be beneficial and 

how the needs of their communities can be met with 

additional resources and services.

QUESTIONS ABOUT A HOUSEHOLD’S 

RECEIPT OF FOOD STAMPS/

SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION 

ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP)1 ARE 

USED TO CREATE STATISTICS ABOUT 

PARTICIPATION IN FOOD ASSISTANCE 

PROGRAMS.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)/

 Food Stamps

13039060

15

16

17

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, did you or

any member of this household receive

benefits from the Food Stamp Program

or SNAP (the Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program)? Do NOT include

WIC, the School Lunch Program, or

assistance from food banks.

Owned by you or someone in this

household with a mortgage or

loan? Include home equity loans.

OR

None

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home

part of a condominium?

Yes ➔ What is the monthly

condominium fee? For renters,

answer only if you pay the

condominium fee in addition to

your rent; otherwise, mark the

"None" box.

No

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home –

Mark (X) ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this

household free and clear (without a

mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of

rent? ➔ SKIP to on the next page C

Monthly amount – Dollars

Yes

No

LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of electricity for this house,

apartment, or mobile home?

Last month’s cost – Dollars

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or electricity not used

LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of gas for this house, apartment,

or mobile home?

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or gas not used

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge

N THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was

the cost of water and sewer for this

house, apartment, or mobile home? If

you have lived here less than 12 months,

estimate the cost.

Included in electricity payment

entered above

Last month’s cost – Dollars

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was the

cost of oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.,

for this house, apartment, or mobile

home? If you have lived here less than 12

months, estimate the cost.

OR

Included in rent or condominium fee

No charge or these fuels not used

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

asked since 2005.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 75

Tenure is the most basic characteristic to assess 

housing inventory. Tenure data are used in government 

programs that analyze whether adequate housing is 

affordable for residents. Tenure data are also used to 

provide and fund housing assistance programs. These 

statistics are also used to enforce laws, regulations, 

and policies against discrimination in private-market 

housing, government programs, and in society.

TENURE DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the different types of households in 

a community (single people, couples, families, 

roommates, etc.) and rates of home rental and 

ownership helps communities understand whether 

available housing meets the needs of residents. 

Data about owners and renters, in combination with 

housing costs and the combined income of all people 

in a household, help communities understand whether 

housing is affordable for residents.

When housing is not sufficient or not affordable, 

data about owners and renters can help communities 

enroll eligible households in programs designed to 

assist them, and can help communities qualify for 

grants from the Community Development Block 

Grant, HOME Investment Partnership Program, 

Emergency Solutions Grants, Housing Opportunities 

for Persons With AIDS, and other programs.

Plan Community Development

Knowing how the balance of rented homes, 

mortgaged homes, and homes owned free and 

clear changes over time can help communities 

understand changes in local housing markets; identify 

opportunities to improve tax, assistance, and zoning 

policies; and reduce tax revenue losses from vacant or 

abandoned properties. Tenure is also used in formulas 

that communities use to determine housing assistance 

funding (Fair Market Rents).

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the characteristics of people who rent and 

people who own homes in the community, such as 

age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and disability, helps 

government and communities enforce laws designed 

to eliminate discrimination in housing (Fair Housing 

Act of 1968). 

Understand Changing Households

Knowing whether older residents are staying in homes 

as they age or moving into rented homes, and whether 

young people are staying with parents, renting with 

roommates, or buying homes, can help governments 

and communities distribute funds appropriately 

between homeownership and rental housing programs 

and services for residents. 

A QUESTION ABOUT WHETHER A 

HOME IS OWNED OR RENTED IS USED 

TO CREATE DATA ABOUT TENURE, 

RENTERS, AND HOMEOWNERSHIP.

Tenure (Owner/Renter)

17

Owned by you or someone in this

household with a mortgage or

loan? Include home equity loans.

OR

None

condominium fee in addition to

your rent; otherwise, mark the

"None" box.

No

Is this house, apartment, or mobile home –

Mark (X) ONE box.

Owned by you or someone in this

household free and clear (without a

mortgage or loan)?

Rented?

Occupied without payment of

rent? ➔ SKIP to on the next page C

Monthly amount – Dollars

dominium fee

sed

dominium fee

, what was

wer for this

ile home? If

n 12 months,

ayment

rs

, what was the

, wood, etc.,

, or mobile

e less than 12

dominium fee

s not used

rs

, $ .00

asked since 1890.
This page is intentionally blank.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 77

These data are used in government programs that 

analyze whether adequate housing is available 

and affordable for residents, and provide and fund 

housing assistance programs. The number of rooms 

in combination with the number of people living in a 

unit provides a ratio of people to rooms, which can be 

used to measure the extent of overcrowding among 

our nation’s households. These statistics are also 

used to enforce laws, policies, and regulations against 

discrimination in government programs and in society.

UNITS IN STRUCTURE, ROOMS, AND 

BEDROOMS DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the different types of housing, and how 

many people occupy that housing, helps communities 

understand whether available housing meets the 

needs of residents. For example, these data are used 

to measure overcrowding in communities and are 

used as integral components to set Fair Market Rents 

for all areas of the country.

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TYPE OF 

BUILDING, UNITS IN THE STRUCTURE, 

NUMBER OF ROOMS, AND NUMBER 

OF BEDROOMS ARE USED TO CREATE 

DATA ABOUT HOUSING TYPES AND 

HOUSING DENSITY.

Units in Structure,

Rooms, and

Bedrooms

7

1

➜

§.${U¤

Answer questions 4 – 5 if this is a HOUSE

OR A MOBILE HOME; otherwise, SKIP to

question 6a.

A

Please answer the following

questions about the house,

apartment, or mobile home at the

address on the mailing label.

A mobile home

A one-family house detached from any

other house

Which best describes this building?

Include all apartments, flats, etc., even if

vacant.

A building with 2 apartments

A building with 3 or 4 apartments

A building with 5 to 9 apartments

A building with 10 to 19 apartments

A building with 20 to 49 apartments

A building with 50 or more apartments

Boat, RV, van, etc.

About when was this building first built?

1990 to 1999

1980 to 1989

1970 to 1979

1960 to 1969

1950 to 1959

1940 to 1949

1939 or earlier

When did PERSON 1 (listed on page 2)

move into this house, apartment, or

mobile home?

Less than 1 acre ➔ SKIP to question 6a

1 to 9.9 acres

How many acres is this house or

mobile home on?

10 or more acres

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what

were the actual sales of all agricultural

products from this property?

None

$1 to $999

$1,000 to $2,499

$2,500 to $4,999

$5,000 to $9,999

$10,000 or more

Does this house, apartment

home have –

a. How many separate rooms are in this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

Rooms must be separated by built-in

archways or walls that extend out at least

6 inches and go from floor to ceiling.

a. hot and cold running water

A one-family house attached to one or

more houses

At this house, apartment, o

do you or any member of th

own or use any of the follow

computers?

2000 or later – Specify year

b. a bathtub or shower?

c. a sink with a faucet?

e. a refrigerator?

d. a stove or range?

4

2

3

5

6

9

Month Year

• INCLUDE bedrooms, kitchens, etc.

• EXCLUDE bathrooms, porches, balconies,

foyers, halls, or unfinished basements.

Number of rooms

b. How many of these rooms are bedrooms?

Count as bedrooms those rooms you would

list if this house, apartment, or mobile home

were for sale or rent. If this is an

efficiency/studio apartment, print "0".

Number of bedrooms

At this house, apartment, o

do you or any member of th

have access to the internet

Yes, by paying a cell pho

internet service provider

Yes, without paying a ce

or internet service provid

question 12

No access to the internet 

apartment, or mobile hom

question 12

10

a. Desktop or laptop

b. Smartphone

d. Some other type of comput

Specify

Do you or any member of th

have access to the internet 

11

a. cellular data plan for a 

smartphone or other mobile 

device?

b. broadband (high speed) 

internet service such as cab

fiber optic, or DSL service

installed in this household?

d. dial-up internet service 

installed in this household?

e. some other service?

Specify service

Housing

c. satellite internet service 

installed in this household?

c. Tablet or other portable 

wireless computer

Can you or any member of t

both make and receive pho

this house, apartment, or m

Include calls using cell phones

other phone devices.

8

Yes

No

5

7

U¤

13039052

Answer questions 4 – 5 if this is a HOUSE

OR A MOBILE HOME; otherwise, SKIP to

question 6a.

A

wing

use,

me at the

abel.

etached from any

is building?

s, etc., even if

rtments

4 apartments

 apartments

19 apartments

49 apartments

 more apartments

ilding first built?

ted on page 2)

partment, or

Less than 1 acre ➔ SKIP to question 6a

1 to 9.9 acres

How many acres is this house or

mobile home on?

10 or more acres

IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what

were the actual sales of all agricultural

products from this property?

None

$1 to $999

$1,000 to $2,499

$2,500 to $4,999

$5,000 to $9,999

$10,000 or more

Does this house, apartment, or mobile

home have –

a. How many separate rooms are in this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

Rooms must be separated by built-in

archways or walls that extend out at least

6 inches and go from floor to ceiling.

a. hot and cold running water?

ttached to one or

At this house, apartment, or mobile home –

do you or any member of this household

own or use any of the following types of

computers?

y year

b. a bathtub or shower?

c. a sink with a faucet?

e. a refrigerator?

d. a stove or range?

4

5

6

9

• INCLUDE bedrooms, kitchens, etc.

• EXCLUDE bathrooms, porches, balconies,

foyers, halls, or unfinished basements.

Number of rooms

b. How many of these rooms are bedrooms?

Count as bedrooms those rooms you would

list if this house, apartment, or mobile home

were for sale or rent. If this is an

efficiency/studio apartment, print "0".

Number of bedrooms

Yes No

At this house, apartment, or mobile home –

do you or any member of this household 

have access to the internet?

Yes, by paying a cell phone company or

internet service provider

Yes, without paying a cell phone company

or internet service provider ➔ SKIP to

question 12

No access to the internet at this house,

apartment, or mobile home ➔ SKIP to

question 12

10

a. Desktop or laptop

b. Smartphone

d. Some other type of computer

Specify

Yes No

Do you or any member of this household 

have access to the internet using a –

11

a. cellular data plan for a 

smartphone or other mobile 

device?

b. broadband (high speed) 

internet service such as cable,

fiber optic, or DSL service

installed in this household?

d. dial-up internet service 

installed in this household?

e. some other service?

Specify service

Yes No

ng

c. satellite internet service 

installed in this household?

c. Tablet or other portable 

wireless computer

Can you or any member of this household

both make and receive phone calls when at

this house, apartment, or mobile home?

Include calls using cell phones, land lines, or

other phone devices.

8

Yes

No

asked since 1940.

asked since 1940.

asked since 1960.
78 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

When housing is not sufficient, data can help 

communities enroll eligible households in programs 

designed to assist them (such as the Low Income 

Home Energy Assistance Program), and can help 

communities qualify for grants from the Community 

Development Block Grant, HOME Investment 

Partnerships Program, Emergency Solutions Grants, 

Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, and 

other programs.

These data provide benchmark statistics that measure 

progress toward the Congressional declaration of 

goals for a national housing policy—a decent home 

and suitable living environment for every American 

family.

Plan Community Development

These data are used to identify adequate housing 

and may be useful in identifying types of structures in 

disaster-prone areas during emergency planning and 

preparation.

Units in Structure asked since 1940—Con.

Rooms asked since 1940—Con.

Bedrooms asked since 1960—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 79

Vehicle data are used in planning and funding for 

improvements to road and highway infrastructure, 

developing transportation plans and services, and 

understanding how people are traveling in the course 

of a normal day. These data are also used to evaluate 

pollution and access to transportation in emergencies. 

VEHICLE AVAILABILITY DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Improve Transportation

Knowing how many households have access to 

vehicles, in combination with where people commute 

to and from, and whether they commute with a 

personal vehicle helps transportation planners create 

mass transportation and metropolitan plans that are 

compliant with various regulations.

Local agencies and organizations use these data 

to plan programs and services for the disabled 

population, bicycle commuters, carpools and ridesharers, and many other groups; and to predict future 

use of new or updated transportation systems based 

on their understanding of the current users of various 

transportation options.

Understand Changes in Vehicle Use

Understanding vehicle availability and use helps 

communities understand exposure to air pollution 

and plan programs to help people without vehicles 

move about the community. Knowing whether people 

could evacuate using their personal vehicles in an 

emergency also helps communities plan emergency 

response.

A QUESTION ABOUT THE VEHICLES 

AVAILABLE TO EACH HOUSEHOLD 

IS USED TO CREATE DATA ABOUT 

VEHICLE ACCESS.

Vehicles Available

6

14

§.${]¤

Housing (continued)

How many automobiles, vans, and trucks

of one-ton capacity or less are kept at

home for use by members of this

household?

a. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of electricity for this house,

apartment, or mobile home?

Last month’s cost – Dollars

OR

Included in rent or condominium fe

No charge or electricity not used

b. LAST MONTH, what was the cost

of gas for this house, apartment,

or mobile home?

OR

Included in rent or condominium fe

No charge or gas not used

OR

Included in rent or condominium fe

No charge

c. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was

the cost of water and sewer for this

house, apartment, or mobile home? I

you have lived here less than 12 months,

estimate the cost.

Included in electricity payment

entered above

Last month’s cost – Dollars

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

d. IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, what was 

cost of oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc

for this house, apartment, or mobile

home? If you have lived here less than 12

months, estimate the cost.

OR

Included in rent or condominium fe

No charge or these fuels not used

Past 12 months’ cost – Dollars

Gas: from underground pipes serving the

neighborhood

Gas: bottled, tank, or LP

Electricity

Fuel oil, kerosene, etc.

Coal or coke

Wood

Solar energy

Other fuel

No fuel used

None

1

2

3

4

5

6 or more

Which FUEL is used MOST for heating this

house, apartment, or mobile home?

13

12

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

, $ .00

asked since 1960.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 81

Data about veterans  are used in planning and funding 

government programs that provide funds or services 

for veterans and in evaluating other government 

programs and policies to ensure they fairly and 

equitably serve the needs of veterans. These statistics 

are also used to enforce laws, policies, and regulations 

1

 Veteran status and period of service were not asked in 1920.

against discrimination in society. Though the VA 

maintains veterans’ records, these statistics do not 

provide federal program planners, policymakers, 

and researchers with additional statistics about all 

veterans, regardless of whether they use VA services.

VETERAN STATUS, PERIOD OF SERVICE, 

AND VA SERVICE-CONNECTED DISABILITY 

RATING DATA HELP COMMUNITIES:

Administer Programs for Veterans

Knowing the numbers and characteristics of veterans 

eligible for federal programs benefiting veterans, such 

as the VA Home Loan Guarantee program, the Post9/11 GI Bill, and job training and hiring preference 

programs can help communities and the federal 

government estimate the future demand for these 

programs and services. These data are also used to 

evaluate these programs to determine whether they 

are benefiting veterans as intended.

Provide Health Care for Veterans

Knowing the number of veterans eligible to use 

VA health care in combination with age, disability, 

and service-connected disability ratings, can help 

communities and the federal government estimate 

QUESTIONS ABOUT A PERSON’S 

MILITARY SERVICE AND SERVICECONNECTED DISABILITY RATING 

ARE USED TO CREATE ESTIMATES OF 

VETERANS AND THEIR NEEDS AT THE 

COMMUNITY LEVEL.

Veteran Status,

Period of Military Service, and

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Service-Connected 

 Disability Rating

When did this person serve on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces? Mark (X) a box for EACH period

in which this person served, even if just for part of the

period.

9

been married?

et married?

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 27

emotional

difficulty 

ng a doctor’s

us?

Less than 6 months

6 to 11 months

1 or 2 years

3 or 4 years

5 or more years

28

27

person get –

apartment?

c. How long has this grandparent been responsible for these grandchildren?

If the grandparent is financially responsible for

more than one grandchild, answer the question

for the grandchild for whom the grandparent has

been responsible for the longest period of time.

September 2001 or later

August 1990 to August 2001 (including 

Persian Gulf War)

May 1975 to July 1990

Vietnam era (August 1964 to April 1975)

Korean War (July 1950 to January 1955)

World War II (December 1941 to December 1946)

February 1955 to July 1964

January 1947 to June 1950

November 1941 or earlier

Has this person ever served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces, Reserves, or National Guard?

Mark (X) ONE box.

Never served in the military ➔ SKIP to 

question 30a

Now on active duty

On active duty in the past, but not now

Only on active duty for training in the Reserves

or National Guard ➔ SKIP to question 29a

n is 

SKIP to 

ge 12.

Person 1 (continued)

29

a. Address (Number and street name)

If the exact address is not known, give a

description of the location such as the building

name or the nearest street or intersection.

b. Name of city, town, or post office

c. Is the work location inside the limits of that

city or town?

Yes

No, outside the city/town limits

d. Name of county

e. Name of U.S. state or foreign country

f. ZIP Code

At what location did this person work LAST

WEEK? If this person worked at more than one

location, print where he or she worked most

last week.

31

a. Does this person have a VA service-connected

disability rating?

Yes (such as 0%, 10%, 20%, ... , 100%)

No ➔ SKIP to question 30a

b. What is this person’s service-connected

disability rating?

0 percent

10 or 20 percent

30 or 40 percent

50 or 60 percent

70 percent or higher

a. LAST WEEK, did this person work for pay

at a job (or business)?

30

Yes ➔ SKIP to question 31

No – Did not work (or retired)

b. LAST WEEK, did this person do ANY work 

for pay, even for as little as one hour?

Yes

No ➔ SKIP to question 36a

LAST WEEK, w

work usually b

34

a. LAST WEEK

a job?

36

How did this p

WEEK? Mark (X

transportation u

32

Car, truck

Bus

Subway o

Light rail, 

or trolley

Ferryboat

Answer quest

truck, or van" 

SKIP to quest

K

Person(s)

Hour Min

How many peo

usually rode t

LAST WEEK?

33

Answer quest

did NOT work 

SKIP to quest

L

Yes ➔ 

No

b. LAST WEEK

absent from 

Yes, on 

matern

reason

questio

How many mi

person to get 

35

Minutes

:

Long-dist

commute

asked since 1890.1

asked since 1890.1

asked since 2008.
82 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

the future demand for health care services and 

facilities. Communities in need of major VA medical 

facilities throughout the country make a case for new 

construction projects using these data to estimate 

the expected usage of new facilities.

Plan End-of-Life Options for Veterans

Knowing where veterans are living toward the end 

of their lives is important, as the VA estimates the 

number of nursing home and domiciliary beds 

needed based on the concentrations of eligible 

veterans over age 65. These data are also important 

for the VA National Cemetery Administration, whose 

goal is to have a VA burial option within 75 miles of 

a veteran’s residence. These data are used to plan 

construction of new cemeteries near the communities 

where veterans choose to live.

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing the veteran and service-connected 

disability rating status of people in the community in 

combination with information about housing, voting, 

employment, and education, helps government and 

communities enforce against discrimination based on 

veteran or disability status. 

Understand New Challenges for Veterans

Knowing more about the characteristics of veterans 

returning to civilian life is also important to combat 

specific problems they may face. For example, these 

data are used in research to understand why veteran 

status is a predictor of homelessness. Such data have 

been combined with administrative data produced by 

shelters in an attempt to understand and document 

which interventions reduce homelessness among 

veterans. 

Veteran Status asked since 1890—Con.

Period of Military Service asked since 1890—Con.

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Service-Connected 

 Disability Rating asked since 2008—Con.
U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 83

Data on work status last year are used in planning 

and funding government programs that provide 

unemployment assistance and services, and to 

understand trends and difference in wages, benefits, 

work hours, and seasonal work. These data are also 

used to evaluate other government programs and 

policies to ensure they fairly and equitably serve the 

needs of all groups, and to enforce laws, regulations, 

and policies against discrimination in society.

WORK STATUS LAST YEAR DATA HELP 

COMMUNITIES:

Provide Employment Opportunities

Knowing whether programs designed to employ 

specific groups, such as people with disabilities or 

veterans, are succeeding is important to employers, 

federal agencies, and federal government contractors 

(Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act, 

Rehabilitation Act of 1973).

State and local agencies use these statistics to identify 

labor surplus areas (areas with people available for 

hiring and training), plan workforce development 

programs including job fairs and training programs, 

and promote business opportunities. 

Ensure Equal Opportunity

Knowing more about people who are employed or 

looking for work, in combination with age, sex, race, 

Hispanic origin, disability status, veteran status, and 

other data, helps governments and communities 

enforce laws, policies, and regulations against 

discrimination in employment. For example, data on 

work status last year are used to enforce laws against 

discrimination in employment by federal agencies, 

private employers, employment agencies, and labor 

organizations (Civil Rights Act of 1964). 

Understand Changes

Knowing the characteristics of people who are working 

or looking for work is an important part of estimating 

changes in the economy. Estimates of work status last 

year are used in funding decisions; to ensure surveys 

are accurate, including surveys that provide official 

labor market estimates; and to understand change 

in other data (Wagner-Peyser Act and Workforce 

Investment Act).

QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW MANY 

WEEKS A PERSON WORKED IN THE 

LAST YEAR AND HOW MANY HOURS 

HE OR SHE WORKED EACH WEEK 

ARE USED TO PRODUCE STATISTICS 

ABOUT FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME 

WORKERS, AS WELL AS YEAR-ROUND 

AND SEASONAL WORKERS.

Work Status Last Year asked since 1880.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 85

These data are used in government programs that 

analyze whether adequate housing is available and 

affordable for residents, provide and fund housing 

assistance programs, and measure neighborhood 

stability. 

YEAR BUILT AND YEAR MOVED IN DATA 

HELP COMMUNITIES:

Provide Adequate Housing

Knowing the ages of housing in a community helps 

communities understand whether available housing 

meets the needs of residents.

When housing is not sufficient or older than a certain 

age, housing data can help communities enroll eligible 

households in programs designed to assist them 

(such as the Low Income Home Energy Assistance 

Program), and can help communities qualify for grants 

from the Community Development Block Grant, 

HOME Investment Partnerships Program, Emergency 

Solutions Grants, Housing Opportunities for Persons 

With AIDS, and other programs.

Plan Community Development

Knowing how the balance of different ages of homes 

in combination with whether they are occupied or 

vacant, can help communities identify opportunities 

to improve tax, assistance, and zoning policies 

and to reduce tax revenue losses from vacant or 

abandoned properties. These data may also be useful 

in identifying older structures in disaster-prone areas 

during emergency planning and preparation.

Knowing more about the age of the housing stock in 

combination with the financial situation of residents, 

including income, employment, and housing costs, can 

help communities qualify for loan and grant programs 

designed to stimulate economic recovery, improve 

housing, run job-training programs, and define areas 

as empowerment or enterprise zones.

QUESTIONS ABOUT WHEN A 

BUILDING WAS BUILT AND WHEN A 

PERSON MOVED INTO THAT HOME 

ARE USED TO CREATE DATA ABOUT 

HOUSING AGE AND AVAILABILITY.

Year Built and

Year Moved In

asked since 1940.

asked since 1960.
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey 87

Operational Questions

MEETING FEDERAL NEEDS

Some operational questions will appear on the 

2020 ACS that will not result in published estimates. 

These questions are asked to better administer the 

data collection process, ensure response accuracy 

and completeness, and for contacting respondents 

with incomplete or missing information. Contact 

information is not part of published estimates and is 

carefully protected, as mandated by federal law, to 

protect the personal information of respondents.

for use in the American Community Survey.
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Appendix A:

Year the Planned Questions Were 

First Asked in the Decennial Census Program
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U.S. Census Bureau Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey A3

Questions Planned for 2020 Census and/or ACS Year Question First Asked in 

Decennial Census or ACS Years Not Asked 

Acreage 1960

Age 1790

Agricultural Sales 1960

Ancestry 1980

Bedrooms 1960

Citizenship 1820 1840–1860, 1880

Class of Worker 1910

Commuting (Journey to Work) 1960

Computer and Internet Use 2013

Condominium and Mobile Home Fees 1990

Cost of Utilities 1940

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Service-Connected

 Disability Rating

2008

Disability 1830

Educational Attainment 1940

Fertility 1890

Grandparent Caregivers 2000

Health Insurance Coverage 2008

Health Insurance Premiums and Subsidies 2019

Hispanic Origin 1970

Home Heating Fuel 1940

Home Value and Rent 1940

Income 1940

Industry 1820 1830, 1850–1900

Insurance 1980

Kitchen Facilities 1940

Labor Force Status 1890

Language Spoken at Home 1890 1950 

Marital History 1850

Marital Status 1880

Migration 1930

Mortgages 1940 1950–1970 

Occupation 1850

Period of Military Service 1890 1920

Place of Birth 1850

Plumbing Facilities 1940

Race 1790

Relationship 1880

Rooms 1940

Year the Planned Questions Were First Asked in the Decennial Census Program
A4 Questions Planned for the 2020 Census and American Community Survey U.S. Census Bureau

Questions Planned for 2020 Census and/or ACS Year Question First Asked in 

Decennial Census or ACS Years Not Asked 

School Enrollment 1850

Sex 1790

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)/

 Food Stamps

2005

Taxes 1940 1950–1970

Telephone Service 1960

Tenure (Owner/Renter) 1890

Undergraduate Field of Degree 2009

Units in Structure 1940

Vehicles 1960

Veteran Status 1890 1920

Work Status Last Year 1880

Year Built 1940

Year Moved In 1960

Year of Entry 1890 1940–1960

Year Current Questions Planned First Asked in Decennial Census Program—Con.