S eeT EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 4. 1 

## COURT OF APPEALS

SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO . 2- 06-410- CR
DAV E Y R E GE NE K I NNE T T AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 89TH DI STRI CT CO URT O F W I CH I TA CO UN TY

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### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- I n onei ss ue, app el l ant D ave y Regen e Ki nne t t ar gue s t hathi s con vi ct i on f ori ndecen cy w ith a chi l d i s support ed by l egal l y i nsuf f i ci entevi dence. A ppel l antw as char ged w i t h com m i t t i ng t he o ffense ofaggr avat ed sexual
as sa ul t ofa chi l d; t he i ndi ct m ental l ege d t hatap pel l antca us ed t he pen et r at i on“J ane ” i s an al i asus ed i n t hi s opi ni on f ort he pr ot ec t i on oft he m i nor 2 chi l d. I n a se c o n d c o u n t , a p p e l l a n t wa s a l s o i n d i c t e d f o r c o mm i t t i n g an

3 aggr avat ed sexual assaul tagai nst another chi l d by pen et r at i ng hersexual or gan w i th h i s fi n g e r. T h e j u ry fo u n d h i m n o t gu i l ty o n this co u n t. “Heat her ” an d “ H i l l ary” ar e a l so al i as esus ed f ort he pr ot ec t i on oft he 4 m i norch i l dr en i nvol ved . 2 oft he anus ofa chi l d, “Jane, ” w i t h hi s sexu a l o rg a n . Th e j ur y acqui t t ed 2 3 appel l antofaggr avat ed sexual assaul t but convi ct ed hi m on t he l esseri ncl uded
c h a rg e o f i n d e c e n c yw i th a c h i l d . A tt r i al , Jane’ s gr andm ot her t est i f i ed t hat Jane, w ho i s appel l ant ’ s ni ece, t ol d he ron t he ni ghtof Jul y 15, 200 5, t hat app el l ant “h ad t ouc hed he rboot y” and t h a t “ h e w e nti n - -i nsi de herbooty. ” The gr andm ot hersai d t hatear l i er th a t n i g h t, s h e h a d h e a rd a p p e l l a n t m a k e a re m a rkth a t “ h e n e e d e d h e l p .” A ppe l l ant ’ s ex- w i f e a l so t es t i f i ed t hathe t ol d he rt hatni ghtt hathe ne ede d he l p. El even- year - ol d Jane t est i f i ed at t r i al as w el l . Jane sai d t hatshe had been
w at chi ng m ovi esw i t h he rco us i n “ H ea t her ” and herf r i end “ H i l l ary” i n t he l i vi ng 4
r oo m ofap pel l ant ’ s hous e w hen ap pel l antca m e i nt o t he r oom , an d t hen s he and app el l ant w ent i nt o a bed r oom . She t ookof fhe rs hort s and unde r w ea ran dS peci f i cal l y, t he pr osecut orand Jane had t he f ol l ow i ng exch ange: 5 Q . H o w d i d h e h u rt y o u , [J a n e ]? A . H e t ouch ed m e.

. . . . Q . W h a t d i d h e to u c h y o u w i th , [J a n e ]? A . H i s p ri v a te p a rt .

. . . . Q . W h e re d i d h e tou c h y o u w i th h i s p ri v a te p a rt ? A . M yb u tt. Q . Y ourbut t ? D i d he t ouch you on t he outs i de or on t he i nsi de? A . I nsi de. S ei gl ersai d t hatJane t ol d herby “f r ont t hi ng, ” she m eantpeni s. 6 3 l a yfac e d o w n o n th e b e d . J a n e tes ti fi e d th a t ap p e l l a n t t h e n “to u c h e d ” h e r w i th h i s “ p ri v a te p a rt” o n th e “ i n s i d e ” o f h e r “ b u tt.” 5 N ur seCal l i e Sei gl er te s ti fi ed t haton J ul y 22, 2005 , s he perf or m ed a s e x u a l a s s a u l t e x a m o n J a n e . D u ri n g th e e x a m , J a n e t o l d h e r, “M ya u n t’s hus ban d, D ave , w hen eve ri tw asj us thi m an d [ H e a th er ] , j us tm e, hi m an d [ H ea t her ] , he w oul d ha ve m e p ul l dow n m y s hort s and pan t i es . H e w oul d put h i s th i n g - - h e w o u l d p u l l h i s p a n ts d o w n a n d p u t his fr o n t t h i n g i n m yb o o ty 6 hol e. The on e i n t he back. H e’ s been doi ng i t f or f ouryear s. ” Sei gl ert est i f i ed t hati n he ropi ni on, Ja ne had be en se xua l l y as sa ul t ed. She r epo rt ed f i ndi ng no s ig n s o fp h y s ic a l in ju r y , h o w e v e r , a n d a d m it t e d t h a ts h e b a s e d h e ro p in io n o n ly
o n w h a tJ a n e h a d t o ld h e r , b e c a u s e t h e p h y s ic a l f in d in g s w e r e n o r m a l.“Sexu al cont act ” m eans t he f ol l ow i ng act s, i fcom m i t t ed w i t h t he 7 i nt entt o a r ous e o rgr at i f y t he se xua l de si r e o fan y pe r so n: ( 1) an y t ouc hi ng bya per so n, i n c l u d i ng t ouc hi ng t hr ough cl ot hi ng, of t he anu s, br ea st , or any partoft he gen i t al s ofa chi l d; or ( 2) an y t ouc hi ng ofan y pa rtoft he bodyof a c hi l d, i ncl udi ng t ouc hi ng t hr ough cl ot hi ng, w i t h t he anu s, br ea st , or any part oft he gen i t al s ofa per so n. Id. § 2 1 .1 1 (c ). 4 A p p e l l a n t w a s c h a rge d w i th a g g rav a ted se x u a l as sa u l t of J a n e . T h e S tate el ec t ed t o r el y on t he sp ec i f i c i nci den tt hatJa ne t es t i f i ed abo utatt r i al ast he act o fs e x u a l c o n d u c tu p o n wh i c h i ts o u g h ta c o n v i c t i o n f o rt h e c har ged of f ens e. To pr ove ag gr ava t ed se xua l as sa ul t , t he St at e w asr equ i r ed t o s how t hatap pel l anti nt ent i ona l l y orkn ow i ngl y ca us ed t he pen et r at i on oft he anu s of
a c h i l d u n d e r th e a g e o f fo u rte e n . T EX . P EN AL C ODE A NN . § 2 2 .0 2 1 (a )(1 )(B )(i ), (a )( 2 )( B ) ( V e r n o n S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ). T h e ju ry w a s a l s o in s t r u c t e d t h a titc o u ld
con vi ctap pel l antoft he l es se r i ncl ude d cha r ge of i nde ce ncyw i t h a ch i l d i ft he S ta te p ro v e d th a t h e h a d e n g a g e d i n s e x u a l c o n ta c t w i th a c h i l d . See i d. § 7 21. 11( a) ( 1) . The j ur y a cqu i t t ed app el l ant o fag gr ava t ed se xua l as sa ul tbut convi ct ed hi m oft he l esseri ncl uded i ndecen cy w i t h a chi l d of f ense. I n a s i ngl e i ss ue, ap pel l antco m pl ai ns t hatt he e vi den ce s upport i ng t he j ur y’ s ver di cton t he l esseri ncl uded of f ense ofi ndecen cy w i t h a c h il d w as su pport ed by l ega l l y i ns uf f i ci entev i den ce . I n r evi ew i ng t he l ega l su f f i ci enc y of5

t he evi dence t o suppo rta convi ct i on, w e vi ew al l t he evi dence i n t he l i ght m ost f avo r abl e t o t he pr os ec ut i on i n or dert o de t er m i ne w het heran y r at i ona l t r i erof f a c tc o u ld h a v e f o u n d t h e e s s e n t ia l e le m e n t s o ft h e c r im e b e y o n d a re a s o n a b le d o u b t. Ja cks o nv. V ir gin ia , 4 4 3 U .S . 3 0 7 , 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. 2 7 8 1 , 2 7 8 9 (1 9 7 9 ); Cl a y to nv. S tate , 235 S . W . 3d 772, 778 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2007 ) . Appel l ant
ar gue s t hat no r at i ona l t r i er off ac tco ul d ha ve f ound t he es se nt i al el em ent s of t h e c ri m e b eyo nd a r ea so nab l e d oubtei t herunde rt he st at ut or y de f i ni t i on of i ndecen cy w i t h a chi l d orundert he j ur y char ge’ s def i ni t i on of t he of f ense. The c ourt ’ s cha r ge i ns t r uct ed t he j ur y on t he l es se ri ncl ude d of f ens e o f i ndecen cy w i t h a chi l d as f ol l ow s: N ow , i fyou f i nd f r om t he evi dence bey ond a r easonabl e doub tt hat

. . . t he def end ant , D ave y Regen e Ki nne t t , di d t hen and th e re unl aw f ul l y and i nt ent i ona l l y, w i t h t he i nt entt o a r ous e o rgr at i f y t he se x u a l d e sir e o f sa i d d e fen d a n t, en g a g e i n se x u a l co n tac t by touch i ng the genital

s o f[ J a n e ] , a c h i l d y o u n g e rt h a n s e vent een yea r s and nott he sp ous e o ft he sa i d de f end ant , y o u w i l l f i nd t he d e fe n dant gui l t y oft he of f ense ofI ndecen cy w i t h a C hi l d as i n c l u d e d i n C o u n t I o f th e i n d i c tm e n t. [E m p h a s i s s u p p l i e d .] A ppel l antar gues t hatbecause t he S t at e pr esent ed no evi dence t hathe t ouch ed Jane’ s g en ita ls , a s sta ted i n th e j u ry c h a rge , th e e v i d e n c e i s l e g a l l yi n su ffi c i e n t. H o w e v e r, the su ffi c i e n c yo f t h e e v i d e n c e sh o u l d b e m e a su red b ythe elem e n ts oft he of f ense as def i ned byt he hyp ot het i cal l y cor r ectj ur y char ge f ort he case. Ma l i kv. S tate , 9 5 3 S .W .2 d 2 3 4 , 2 4 0 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 7 ); Bow den v.6

S tate , 16 6 S . W . 3d 46 6, 47 0 ( Tex . A pp. — FortW ort h 2 00 5, pet . r ef ’ d) . Such
a c har ge w oul d beonet hat a c c u ra te l y s et s outt he l aw , i s aut hor i z ed by t he i ndi ct m ent , doe s notunne ce ss ar i l y r es t r i ctt he St at e’ s t heo r i esofl i abi l i t y, an d ade qua t el y de sc r i bes t he part i cul ar of f ens e f or w hi ch t he def end ant w ast r i ed. G o l l i h a r v. S tate , 4 6 S .W .3 d 2 4 3 , 2 5 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 1 ); Ma l i k, 953 S .W .2 d a t 2 4 0 . T h e l a w a s a u th o ri z e d b yth e i n d i c tm e n t m e a n s th e s ta tu to ry e l e m e n ts o f th e c h a rg e d o ffe n s e a s m o d i fi e d b yth e c h a rg i n g i n s tru m e n t. S ee Curryv. S tate , 3 0 S .W .3 d 3 9 4 , 4 0 4 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 0 ). Th e i ndi ct m entchar g e d t hatappel l antcom m i t t ed aggr avat ed sexual assaul tby “caus[ i ng] t he penetr at i on of t he anus of[ Jane] by t he sexual or gan of [ A p p e l l a n t ] . ” T h e o f f e n s e o fi n d e c e n c ywi t h a c h i l d i s a l e s s e ri n c l u ded of f ense ofaggr avat ed sexual assaul t i f i t i s “est abl i shed by pr oof of t he sam e orl ess t han al l t he f act s r equi r ed t o est abl i sh t he c o m m is si on of t he of f ense ch a rg e d. ” S eeT EX . C ODE C R IM . P R OC . A NN . a rt. 3 7 .0 9 (1 ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 6 ); see al so Ha l l v. S tate , 2 2 5 S .W .3 d 5 2 4 , 5 3 6 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). T h i s i n q u i ry doe s notde p e n d o n t he evi den ce pr oduc ed att r i al buti s perf or m ed by
com par i ng t he el em ent s oft he of f ens e a s t hey ar e al l ege d i n t he i ndi ct m entor i n fo rm a ti o n w i th th e e l e m e n ts o f th e p o te n ti a l l e s s e r i n c l u d e d o ffe n s e . Ha ll, 2 2 5 S .W .3 d a t 5 2 5 , 5 3 5 -3 6 .7

The of f ens e o fi nde ce ncyw i t h a ch i l d c ont ai ned i n t he j ur y c har ge
r equ i r ed pr oof of app el l ant ’ s t ouc hi ng J ane ’ s gen i t al s; t her ef or e, i tco ul d notbe a l es se ri ncl ude d of f ens e o f agg r ava t ed se xua l as sa ul tbe ca us e t he of f ens e o f agg r ava t ed se x u a l a s sa ul t , asal l ege d i n t he i ndi ct m ent , r equ i r ed pr oofof
a p p e lla n t ’s p e n e t r a t in g J a n e ’s a n u s . A c c o r d in g ly , t h e ju r yc h a r g e in c o r r e c t ly
c o n t a in e d a n o f f e n s e t h a t w a s n o t a le s s e rin c lu d e d o f f e n s e o ft h e g r e a t e rc r im e c h a rge d b e c a u se i t r e q u i red p roo f of dif f erent f act s, nott he sam e orl ess t han al l , oft he f act s r equi r ed t o est abl i s h t he com m i ssi on of t he gr eat erof f ense c h a rg e d . S eeT EX . C ODE C R IM . P R OC . A NN . a rt . 3 7 .0 9 (1 ). T h e h y p o t h e t ic a lly
cor r ectchar ge aut hor i zed by t he i ndi ct m entw oul d have i nst r uct ed t he j ur y t hat i tco ul d c onvi ctap pel l antoft he l es se ri ncl ude d o ffe n s e o fi nde ce ncyw i t h a
c h i l d i f i t fo u n d th a t a p p e l l a n t e n g a g e d i n s e x u a l c o n ta c t b yto u c h i n g J a n e ’s
anu s, not her gen i ta l s . S e eCurry , 3 0 S .W .3 d a t4 0 4 . T h e r e f o r e , w e s h a ll
m easur e t he suf f i ci ency of t he evid e n c e by t he el em ent s oft he of f ense as d e fi n e d b y th i s h y p o th e ti c a l l y c o rre c t j u ryc h a rg e . S e eMa lik , 95 3 S . W . 2d at 2 4 0 ; Bo wden , 1 6 6 S .W .3 d a t 4 7 0 . A ppe l l antar gue s t hatt he evi den ce i s i ns uf f i ci entt o s upporta con vi ct i on f ori nde ce ncyw i t h a c h i l d be ca us e, gi ven t hatt he j ur y a cqu i t t ed hi m of agg r ava t ed se xua l as sa ul t , t heym us tnotha ve bel i eve d t hatap p el l ant p e n e t r a t e d J a n e ’s a n u s w it h h is s e x u a l o r g a n . A p p e lla n tc o n t e n d s t h a tt h e o n ly8

t est i m ony r egar di ng any to u c h in g oft he anus w as Jane’ s t est i m ony that appel l antpenet r at ed heranus w i t h hi s sexual or gan. Because t he j ur y acqui t t ed hi m ofag gr ava t ed se xua l as sa u l t, ap pel l antar gue s, t he j ur y m us tnotha ve b e l i e v e d th a t h e p e n e tra te d h e r; a n d w i th o u t th e e v i d e n c e o f p e n e tra ti o n , th e re i s no ot herevi dence of “t ouch i ng” t he anus. W e d is a g re e th a t t h e e v i d e n c e w a s p ro b a tiv e o f p e n e tr a tio n o n ly . In O ch o a v. S tate , 98 2 S . W . 2d 90 4 ( Tex . C r i m . A pp. 19 98 ) , t he court ofcr i m i nal app ea l s hel d t hatev i den ce t hatt he chi l d s ai d t he app el l ant “p ut hi s t hi ng i n m y b u tt” w a s s u b j e c t to tw o d i ffe re n t i n te rp re ta ti o n s : “ F ro m th i s e v i d e n c e , th e j u ry cou l d ha ve bel i eve d e i t hert hatap pel l ant p e n e t r at ed [ t he chi l d] ort hathe contact ed herw i t h t he i nt entt o ar ouse and grat ify h is d e s ir e. ” Id. a t907. Ther ef or e, t he cou rtco ncl ude d, t he j ur y cou l d hav e con vi ct ed t he app el l antof
e it h e ro f f e n s e — a g g r a v a t e d s e x u a l a s s a u lt o r in d e c e n c yw it h a c h ild

— u n d e rt h is
e v i d e n c e . Id. H er e, w i t h r ega r d t o t he epi so de ofal l ege d s exu al co nduc ton w hi ch t he S t at e el ect ed t o pr oc e e d , t her e w as evi dence t hatJane had t ol d her g ra n d m o th e r th a t a p p e l l a n t “ h a d to u c h e d h e r b o o ty ” a n d th a t “ h e w e n t i n -- i n side h e r bo o ty.” J a n e h e rse l f tes ti fi e d th a t a p p e l l a n t h a d “to u c h e d ” h e r w i th hi s “p r i vat e p art ” on t he “i ns i de”ofhe r“ but t . ” W e h ol d t hatt hi s t es t i m ony, l i ke th e “ p u t hi s t hi ng i n m y butt ” t est i m ony thatt he O cho ac o u rts a id c o u ld9

suppo rta convi ct i on f or ei t hert he gr eat erort he l esserof f ense, i s al so subj ect t o di f f er enti nt er pr et at i ons. Ei t hert he j ur y coul d have con cl ude d t hat penetr at i on act ual l y occur r ed a n d c o nvi ct ed appel l antofaggr avat ed sexual
a ss a u l t, o r t h e yco u l d h a v e c o n c l u d e d tha t on l yco n tac t oc c u rr e d w i th i n ten t t o ar ouse and grat i f y sexual desi r e and convi ct ed appel l ant oft he l esserof f ense o f i n d e c e n c yw i th a c h i l d . See i d. a t908. A p p e l l a n t al so arg u e s th a t th e re i s i n su ffi c i e n t ev i d e n c e o f i n ten t t o g rati fy anyon e’ s sexual desi r es. The speci f i c in te n t to ar ouse orgr at i f y t he sexual des i r e o fa per so n c an be i nf er r ed f r om con duc t , r em ar ks , oral l t he su r r oundi ng c i rc u m s t a n c e s . Co u ch m a nv. S tate , 3 S .W .3 d 1 5 5 , 1 6 3 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W ort h 1999, pe t . r ef ’ d) . An or al ex pr es si on ofi n te n t i s notr equ i r ed, an d a d e fe n d a n t’s c o n d u c t a l o n e i s s u fficie n t to i n fe r i n te n t. Id. The j ur y coul d i nf er f r o m a p p e lla n t ’s c o n d u c t o f t o u c h in g J a n e ’s a n u s w it h h is s e x u a l o r g a n t h a tit
w a s d o n e w i th th e i n te n t to a ro u s e a n d g ra ti fy h i s s e x u a l d e s i re . S e eA b b o tt
v. S tate , 196 S. W . 3d 334 , 341 ( Tex. A pp. — W ac o 2006, pe t . r ef ’ d) ( hol di ng th a t j u ryc o u l d i n fe r i n te n t to a ro u s e o r g ra ti fys e x u a l d e s i re fro m d e fe n d a n t’s
ac t of t ouc hi ng chi l d’ s gen i t al s) . Furt her m or e, i nt entca n be i nf er r ed f r om t he
a p p e l l a n t’s c o n d u c t a f t e r th e i n c i d e n t. Couch m an , 3 S. W . 3d a t163. A ppel l ant ’ s st at em entt o hi s ex- w i f e af t ert he sexual condu ctw i t h Jane cam e t o l i ghtt hat“ he nee ded he l p” i s evi den ce of a con sc i ous nes s ofgui l tt hatl ea dsS ee Jacks on , 4 4 3 U .S . a t 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. a t 2 7 8 9 ; Cl ayton , 235 S. W . 3d 8 a t 7 7 8 . 10 t o a n in f e r e n c e t h a t , w h e n a p p e lla n t t o u c h e d J a n e , a p p e lla n th a d t h e s p e c if ic i n te n t to a ro u s e a n d g ra ti fyh i s o w n s e x u a l d e s i re . A cc or di ngl y, r evi ew i n g t he evi den ce unde rt he app r opr i at e s t and ar d of
re v i e w , w e h o l d th a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s l e g a l l ys u fficie n t to s u p p o rt a p p e l l a n t’s

8
c o n v i c ti o n o n th e l e s s e r i n c l u d e d o ffe n s e o f i n d e c e n c yw i th a c h i l d . W e o v e rr u l e ap p e l l a n t’ s s o l e p o i n t an d affi rm the tr i a l co u rt ’s j u d g m e n t.

P E R CU R I AM PA N EL F: M C C O Y, H O LM A N , an d GA RD N ER, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: M a r c h 6, 2008