OCS Study

BOEM 2016-022

Exploration and Research of Northern Gulf of Mexico 

Deepwater Natural and Artificial Hard-Bottom Habitats 

with Emphasis on Coral Communities: Reefs, Rigs,

and Wrecks—“Lophelia II”

Volume II: Appendices

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94°30'0"W 31°30'0"N 31°30'0"N 30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N 28°30'0"N 28°30'0"N 27°0'0"N 27°0'0"N 25°30'0"N 25°30'0"N 24°0'0"N 24°0'0"N

0 25 50 100 150 200

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Lophelia II - Field Operations October 2008 - July 2012

±

Legend

#V Cruise 1

$8 Cruise 2

Cruise 3

*# Cruise 4

A! Cruise 5

"/ Platforms ë Wrecks

U.S. Department of the Interior

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region
OCS Study 

BOEM 2016-022 

Exploration and Research of Northern Gulf of 

Mexico Deepwater Natural and Artificial 

Hard-Bottom Habitats with Emphasis on 

Coral Communities: Reefs, Rigs, and 

Wrecks—“Lophelia II”

Appendices 

Authors 

James M. Brooks 

Charles Fisher 

Erik Cordes 

Iliana Baums 

Bernie Bernard 

Robert Church 

Peter Etnoyer 

Chris German 

Elizabeth Goehring 

Ian MacDonald 

Harry Roberts 

Tim Shank 

Dan Warren 

Susan Welsh 

Gary Wolff 

Douglas Weaver 

Prepared under BOEM Contract 

M08PC20028 

TDI-Brooks International Inc. 

14391 South Dowling 

College Station, TX 77845 

Published by 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region April 2016 
DISCLAIMER 

This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, 

(BOEM, previously the Minerals Management Service [MMS], then the Bureau of Ocean Energy 

Management, Regulation and Enforcement [BOEMRE]) and TDI-Brooks International, Inc. (TDIBI). Study concept, oversight, and funding were provided by the US Department of the Interior, 

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, under 

Contract Number M08PC20028. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM and it has 

been approved for publication. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of 

the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the US 

Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or 

recommendation for use. 

REPORT AVAILABILITY 

To download a PDF file of this Environmental Studies Program report, go to the US Department 

of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program 

Information System website and search on OCS Study BOEM 2016-022. Copies can also be 

viewed at selected Federal Depository Libraries. See http://www.gpo.gov/libraries/. In the near 

future, you will also be able to get this report from the National Technical Information Service at 

the address below. 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region 

Public Information Office (MS GM 355A) 

1201 Elmwood Park Blvd. 

New Orleans, Louisiana 70123-2394 

Phone: (504) 736-2519, 1-800-200-GULF 

Fax: (504) 736-2620 

U.S. Department of Commerce 

National Technical Information Service 

5301Shawnee Rd. 

Springfield, Virginia 22312 

Phone: (703) 605-6000,1-800-553-6847 

Fax: (703) 605-6900 

Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/

CITATION 

Brooks, J.M., C. Fisher, H. Roberts, E. Cordes, I. Baums, B. Bernard, R. Church, P. Etnoyer, C. 

German, E. Goehring, I. McDonald, Harry Roberts, T. Shank, D. Warren, S. Welsh, G. Wolff, 

D. Weaver. 2015. Exploration and research of northern Gulf of Mexico deepwater natural and 

artificial hard-bottom habitats with emphasis on coral communities: Reefs, rigs, and wrecks—

“Lophelia II” Appendices. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, 

Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA. OCS Study BOEM 2016-022. 711 p. 
i

Table of Contents

APPENDIX A-1 CRUISE 5 REPORT.............................................................................. 1

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................2

List of Figures........................................................................................................................3

List of Tables.........................................................................................................................3

1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................4

1.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.2 REPORT CONTENT .................................................................................................................. 4

1.3 BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE CRUISE ................................................................................................ 5

2 CRUISE OVERVIEW.........................................................................................................5

2.1 KRAKEN 2 ROV OPERATIONS ................................................................................................. 6

2.2 R/V BROOKS MCCALL OPERATIONS...................................................................................... 6

2.3 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS .......................................................................................... 7

2.4 PERSONNEL.............................................................................................................................. 7

3 OPERATIONS....................................................................................................................8

3.1 SAMPLING ................................................................................................................................. 8

3.2 KRAKEN2 ................................................................................................................................... 8

4 EDUCATION OUTREACH CRUISE SUMMARY ................................................................9

5 DIVE PLANS ......................................................................................................................9

5.1 K2-12-01 ;1st K2 Lowering (7/15/12) - Baldpate Platform (500m away)................................. 10

5.2 K2-12-02 ;2nd K2 Lowering (7/17/12) - Jolliet Platform ........................................................... 11

5.3 K2-12-03 ; 3rd K2 Lowering (7/18/12) - Baldpate Platform ...................................................... 12

5.4 K2-12-04 ; 4th K2 Lowering (7/19/12) ; Zinc Subsea Installation............................................ 13

5.5 K2-12-05 ; 5th K2 Lowering (7/20/12) ; Ram Powell ............................................................... 14

5.6 K2-12-06 ; 6th K2 Lowering (7/21/12) ; Cognac...................................................................... 14

6 CRUISE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................15

6.1 7/14/2012................................................................................................................................... 15

6.2 7/15/2012 ; Transit and arrival to Baldpate .............................................................................. 15

6.3 7/16/2012 ; Baldpate ................................................................................................................ 16

6.4 7/17/12 ; Jolliet.......................................................................................................................... 17

6.5 7/18/12 – Baldpate..................................................................................................................... 18

6.6 7/19/12 – Zinc ............................................................................................................................ 19

6.7 7/20/12 ; Ram Powell................................................................................................................ 20

6.8 7/21/12 – Cognac ...................................................................................................................... 20

6.9 7/22/12 – Cognac ...................................................................................................................... 21

6.10 7/23/12 – Cognac .................................................................................................................... 21

6.11 7/24/12 ; Pensacola................................................................................................................ 21

7 SITE SUMMARIES...........................................................................................................22

7.1 Baldpate - .................................................................................................................................. 22
ii

7.2 Jolliet - ....................................................................................................................................... 23

7.3 Ram-Powell - ............................................................................................................................. 25

7.4 Cognac - .................................................................................................................................... 26

7.5 Zinc Subsea Installation ............................................................................................................ 28

8 ROV Lowerings ................................................................................................................29

APPENDIX A-2. OCTOCORALS COLLECTED IN THE DEEPNORTHERN AND 

EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO........................................................................... 34

APPENDIX B-1 MASS AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FLUX............................................. 56

APPENDIX B-2 CURRENT METER RECORDS .......................................................... 60

APPENDIX C-1CORAL ASSOCIATE FAUNA COLLECTED WITHCORAL 

HOSTS AS PART OF THIS PROJECT ........................................................... 325

APPENDIX C-2. PHOTO MOSAICS........................................................................... 340

MosaicW_J2_532_GC140b...............................................................................................341

MosaicR_J2_535_VK862b ................................................................................................342

MosaicT_J2_535_VK862b ................................................................................................343

MosaicB_J2_459_GB299b................................................................................................344

MosaicB_J2_530_GB299b................................................................................................345

MosaicB_J2_459_GB299_Geo2010b ...............................................................................346

MosaicD_J2_459_GB299b................................................................................................347

MosaicD_J2_530_GB299b................................................................................................348

MosaicD_J2_459_GB299_Geo2010b ...............................................................................349

MosaicJ_J2_465_VK906b.................................................................................................350

MosaicJ_J2_534_VK906b.................................................................................................351

MosaicJ_J2_465_VK906_Geo2010b ................................................................................352

MosaicL_J2_465_VK906b.................................................................................................353

MosaicL_J2_534_VK906b.................................................................................................354

MosaicL_J2_465_VK906_Geo2010b ................................................................................355

MosaicY_J2_535_VK906b ................................................................................................356

MosaicG_J2_464_MC751b ...............................................................................................357

MosaicG_J2_536_MC751b ...............................................................................................358

MosaicG_J2_464_MC751_Geo2010b...............................................................................359

MosaicH1_J2_464_MC751b .............................................................................................360

MosaicH1_J2_536_MC751b .............................................................................................361

MosaicH1_J2_464_MC751_Geo2010b.............................................................................362

MosaicH2_J2_464_MC751b .............................................................................................363

MosaicH2_J2_536_MC751b .............................................................................................364

MosaicH2_J2_464_MC751_Geo2010b.............................................................................365

Mosaic M - J2- 466 VK826 (9/3/09) ...................................................................................366
iii

Mosaic M - J2- 526 VK826 (10/16/10) ...............................................................................367

Mosaic M 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 466 VK826 - (9/3/09) ...................................368

Mosaic N - J2- 466 VK826 (9/3/09).................................................................................369

Mosaic N - J2- 526 VK826 (10/16/10).............................................................................370

Mosaic N 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 466 VK826 - (9/3/09)....................................371

Mosaic N - J2- 466 VK826 (9/3/09).................................................................................372

Mosaic O - J2- 540 VK826 (10/31/10).............................................................................373

Mosaic O 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 466 VK826 - (9/4/09) ...................................374

Mosaic Q - J2- 467 VK826 (9/4/09) ................................................................................375

Mosaic Q - J2- 540 VK826 (11/1/10) ..............................................................................376

Mosaic Q 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 467 VK826 - (9/4/09) ...................................377

Mosaic C - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09)................................................................................378

Mosaic C - J2-531 - GB535 (10/20/10)..............................................................................379

Mosaic C 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09)...................................380

Mosaic E - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09) ................................................................................381

Mosaic E - J2-531 - GB535 (10/21/10) ..............................................................................382

Mosaic E 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09) ...................................383

Mosaic V - J2- 529 GC354 (10/19/10) ............................................................................384

Mosaic U - J2- 527 VK885 (10/16/10).............................................................................385

Mosaic A - J2-457 - AT047 (8/24/09).................................................................................386

Mosaic T1_T2 - J2- 538 MC118 (10/30/10) ....................................................................387

Mosaic X - J2- 538 MC118 (10/30/10)............................................................................388

Mosaic AA - J2- 541 MC338 (11/3/10)............................................................................389

Mosaic 5 - J2-461 - GC852 (8/29/09) ................................................................................390

APPENDIX C-3. DIGITIZED MOSAICS..................................................................... 391

1MosaicW_J2_532_GC140...............................................................................................392

2MosaicR_J2_535_VK862 ................................................................................................393

3MosaicT_J2_535_VK862 ................................................................................................394

4MosaicB_J2_459_GB299................................................................................................395

5MosaicB_J2_530_GB299................................................................................................396

6MosaicB_J2_459_GB299_Geo2010 ...............................................................................397

7MosaicD_J2_459_GB299................................................................................................398

8MosaicD_J2_530_GB299................................................................................................399

9MosaicD_J2_459_GB299_Geo2010 ...............................................................................400

10MosaicJ_J2_465_VK906...............................................................................................401

11MosaicJ_J2_534_VK906...............................................................................................402

12MosaicJ_J2_465_VK906_Geo2010 ..............................................................................403

13MosaicL_J2_465_VK906...............................................................................................404
iv

14MosaicL_J2_534_VK906...............................................................................................405

15MosaicL_J2_465_VK906_Geo2010 ..............................................................................406

15nMosaicY_J2_535_VK906 ............................................................................................407

16MosaicG_J2_464_MC751 .............................................................................................408

17MosaicG_J2_536_MC751 .............................................................................................409

18MosaicG_J2_464_MC751_Geo2010.............................................................................410

19MosaicH1_J2_464_MC751 ...........................................................................................411

20MosaicH1_J2_536_MC751 ...........................................................................................412

21MosaicH1_J2_464_MC751_Geo2010...........................................................................413

22MosaicH2_J2_464_MC751 ...........................................................................................414

23MosaicH2_J2_536_MC751 ...........................................................................................415

24MosaicH2_J2_464_MC751_Geo2010...........................................................................416

Mosaic M - J2- 466 VK826 (9/3/09) ..................................................................................417

Mosaic M - J2- 526 VK826 (10/16/10) ..............................................................................418

Mosaic M 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 466 VK826 - (9/3/09) ...................................419

Mosaic N - J2- 466 VK826 (9/3/09).................................................................................420

Mosaic N - J2- 526 VK826 (10/16/10).............................................................................421

Mosaic N 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 466 VK826 - (9/3/09)....................................422

Mosaic N - J2- 466 VK826 (9/3/09).................................................................................423

Mosaic O - J2- 540 VK826 (10/31/10).............................................................................424

Mosaic O 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 466 VK826 - (9/4/09) ...................................425

Mosaic Q - J2- 467 VK826 (9/4/09) ................................................................................426

Mosaic Q - J2- 540 VK826 (11/1/10) ..............................................................................427

Mosaic Q 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2- 467 VK826 - (9/4/09) ...................................428

Mosaic C - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09)................................................................................429

Mosaic C - J2-531 - GB535 (10/20/10)..............................................................................430

Mosaic C 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09)...................................431

Mosaic E - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09) ................................................................................432

Mosaic E - J2-531 - GB535 (10/21/10) ..............................................................................433

Mosaic E 2009 Georeferenced to 2010J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09) ...................................434

Mosaic V - J2- 529 GC354 (10/19/10) ............................................................................435

Mosaic U - J2- 527 VK885 (10/16/10).............................................................................436

Mosaic A - J2-457 - AT047 (8/24/09).................................................................................437

Mosaic T1_T2 - J2- 538 MC118 (10/30/10) ....................................................................438

Mosaic X - J2- 538 MC118 (10/30/10)............................................................................439

Mosaic AA - J2- 541 MC338 (11/3/10)............................................................................440

Mosaic 5 - J2-461 - GC852 (8/29/09) ................................................................................441

APPENDIX C-4 LASTING IMPACT OF THE DEEPWATER HORIZON 

OILSPILL TO A DEEP GULF OF MEXICO CORAL COMMUNITY................. 442
v

Introduction .......................................................................................................................443

Results and Discussion .....................................................................................................444

Conclusions.......................................................................................................................446

Materials and Methods ......................................................................................................446

Image Analyses ............................................................................................................................. 446

Coral and Invertebrate Associate Collection ................................................................................. 447

Microscopic Examination............................................................................................................... 447

Octocoral Identification .................................................................................................................. 447

Ophiuroid Identification.................................................................................................................. 447

Sediment and Floc Collection......................................................................................................... 447

Oil Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 447

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................ 447

Supporting Information .................................................................................................................. 449

APPENDIX D-1 LOPHELIA II OCTOCORAL GUIDE................................................. 456

APPENDIX D-2. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY........................................ 471

APPENDIX D-3. MICROSATELLITE ABUNDANCE ACROSS ANTHOZOA 

AND HYDROZOA IN THE PHYLUM CNIDARIA............................................. 491

Abstract..............................................................................................................................492

Background........................................................................................................................492

Results ...............................................................................................................................493

Proportion of sequences with microsatellites ................................................................................ 493

Summary statistics......................................................................................................................... 494

Phylogeny and ecology.................................................................................................................. 494

Discussion.........................................................................................................................496

Summary statistics......................................................................................................................... 496

Phylogenetic signal of microsatellite characteristics ..................................................................... 504

Symbiotic signal of microsatellite features..................................................................................... 505

Conclusions.......................................................................................................................505

Methods ............................................................................................................................505

Availability of supporting data.............................................................................................506

Additional files ...................................................................................................................507

Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................507

Competing interests ..........................................................................................................507

Authors contributions.........................................................................................................507

Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................507

References........................................................................................................................507
vi

APPENDIX E-1 INVESTIGATIONS OF MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED 

CORROSION (MIC) OF SUBMERGED STEEL AND WOODEN SHIP 

WRECKS AND THE ROLE THAT BIO-CONCRETIONS PLAY IN 

THESE DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES......................................................... 509

1 OBSERVATIONS OF THE GROWTH OF RUSTICLES .................................................511

2 MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS OBSERVED AT U-166 ...............................................511

3 MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS OBSERVED IN COPPER ACCUMULATIONS IN 

WOODEN SHIP WRECKS ................................................................................................514

3.1 ANALYSIS OF WOOD SAMPLE FROM THE EWING BANK WRECK SITE518

3.2 ANALYSIS OF COPPER/COPPER ALLOY SAMPLES FROM THE WOODEN SHIPWRECK 

SITES.............................................................................................................................................. 522

4 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................528

APPENDIX E-2 CONSERVATION OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE LOPHELIA II 

EXPEDITION.................................................................................................... 530

1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................532

2 SITE # 15303 - VIOSCA KNOLLS..................................................................................533

2.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 533

2.1.1 SALT GLAZED STONEWARE WATER FILTER ............................................................... 533

2.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation)................................................................................... 533

2.1.1.2 Conservation .................................................................................................................. 533

2.1.1.3 Discovery of the Filters and Water Spout ...................................................................... 534

2.1.1.3.1 Artifact # MMS09.15303.C.001 ................................................................................................534

3 SITE # 15303 - VIOSCA KNOLLS..................................................................................542

3.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 542

3.1.1 COPPER SHEATHING....................................................................................................... 542

3.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation) .............................................................................. 542

3.1.1.2 Conservation................................................................................................................ 542

4 SITE # 15373 - 7,000 FOOT WRECK.............................................................................546

4.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 546

4.1.1COMPASS.............................................................................................................................. 546

4.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation)............................................................................................... 546

4.1.1.2 Conservation ................................................................................................................................ 546

5 SITE # 15373 - 7,000 FOOT WRECK.............................................................................554

5.1 ARTIFACT ....................................................................................................................................... 554

5.1.1 METAL SHEATHING and WOOD ....................................................................................... 554

5.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation)............................................................................................... 554

5.1.1.2 Conservation ................................................................................................................................ 554

5.1.1.3 Further Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 555

6 SITE # 15373 ; 7,000 FOOT WRECK............................................................................559

6.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 559

6.1.1 WOOD WITH CALCAREOUS MARINE GROWTH ............................................................. 559
vii

7 SITE # 15401 - EWING BANK........................................................................................560

7.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 560

7.1.1 CERAMIC CUP..................................................................................................................... 560

7.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................... 560

7.1.1.2 Conservation ................................................................................................................................ 560

8 SITE # 15401 - EWING BANK........................................................................................565

8.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 565

8.1.1 MUNTZ METAL SHEATHING WITH TACKS AND WOOD ................................................ 565

8.1.1.1 Description (before conservation)................................................................................................ 565

8.1.1.2 Conservation ................................................................................................................................ 565

9 SITE # 15401 - EWING BANK........................................................................................572

9.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 572

9.1.1 BALLAST .............................................................................................................................. 572

9.2 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................... 572

9.2.1 ORGANIC NET SAMPLE .................................................................................................... 572

10 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK....................................................................573

10.1 ARTIFACT573

10.1.1 LANTERN AND ASSOCIATED LANTERN COMPONENTS ............................................. 573

10.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................. 573

10.1.1.2 Conservation .............................................................................................................................. 573

11 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK....................................................................586

11.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................. 586

11.1.1 METAL FORK..................................................................................................................... 586

11.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................. 586

11.1.1.2 Conservation .............................................................................................................................. 586

11.1.1.2.1 Further analysis ..................................................................................................................................586

12 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK...........................................................................590

12.1 ARTIFACT ..................................................................................................................................... 590

12.1.1 COPPER CONTAINER.................................................................................................................. 590

12.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................. 590

12.1.1.2 Conservation .............................................................................................................................. 590

13 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK...........................................................................593

13.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................. 593

13.1.1 WOODEN SHEAVE ........................................................................................................... 586

13.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................. 593

13.1.1.2 Conservation .............................................................................................................................. 593

13.1.1.2.1 Further Analysis..................................................................................................................................593

14 SITE # 373 ; GREEN LANTERN WRECK ..................................................................597

14.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................. 597

14.1.1 BELL ............................................................................................................................................. 597

14.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................. 597
viii

14.1.1.2 Conservation .............................................................................................................................. 597

15 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK....................................................................601

15.1 ARTIFACT ............................................................................................................................. 601

15.1.1 CERAMIC PLATE............................................................................................................... 601

15.1.1.1 Description ................................................................................................................................. 601

15.1.1.2 Conservation .............................................................................................................................. 601

APPENDIX F-1. CURRICULUM UNDERSTANDING DEEP SEA CORAL 

ECOLOGY........................................................................................................ 605

Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................608

Table of Contents ..............................................................................................................609

Introduction .......................................................................................................................610

Lesson1-OntheBottomoftheGulfofMexico ..........................................................................625

Lesson2-WhatAretheSecretsforLifeontheBottomoftheGulfofMexico?.................................633

Lesson3-LopheliaBiology ..................................................................................................638

Lesson4-OceanAcidificationandItsEffectonLophelia ..........................................................648

Lesson5-MovementandCurrentsintheGulfofMexico ...........................................................666

Lesson6-Living in Lophelia Neighborhoods .......................................................................678

APPENDIX F-2. TRANSCRIPT OF THE VIDEO LOPHELIA II .................................. 696
APPENDIX A-1 CRUISE 5 REPORT 

 

1
2 

Table of Contents 

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 REPORT CONTENT ..................................................................................................... 4

1.3 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 5

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE CRUISE .................................................................................. 5

2 CRUISE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 KRAKEN 2 ROV OPERATIONS ................................................................................. 6

2.2 R/V BROOKS MCCALL OPERATIONS ..................................................................... 6

2.3 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS ........................................................................ 7

2.4 PERSONNEL ................................................................................................................. 7

3 OPERATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 8

3.1 SAMPLING .................................................................................................................... 8

3.2 KRAKEN2 ..................................................................................................................... 8

4 EDUCATION OUTREACH CRUISE SUMMARY ................................................................ 9

5 DIVE PLANS ............................................................................................................................ 9

5.1 K2-12-01 –1

st K2 Lowering (7/15/12) - Baldpate Platform (500m away) ................... 10

5.2 K2-12-02 –2

nd K2 Lowering (7/17/12) - Jolliet Platform ............................................ 11

5.3 K2-12-03 – 3

rd K2 Lowering (7/18/12) - Baldpate Platform ....................................... 12

5.4 K2-12-04 – 4

th K2 Lowering (7/19/12) – Zinc Subsea Installation ............................. 13

5.5 K2-12-05 – 5

th K2 Lowering (7/20/12) – Ram Powell ................................................ 14

5.6 K2-12-06 – 6

th K2 Lowering (7/21/12) – Cognac ........................................................ 14

6 CRUISE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 15

6.1 7/14/2012: Depart Freeport at 19:00 ............................................................................ 15

6.2 7/15/2012 – Transit and arrival to Baldpate ................................................................. 15

6.3 7/16/2012 – Baldpate .................................................................................................... 16

6.4 7/17/12 – Jolliet ............................................................................................................ 17

6.5 7/18/12 - Baldpate ........................................................................................................ 18

6.6 7/19/12 - Zinc ............................................................................................................... 19

6.7 7/20/12 – Ram Powell .................................................................................................. 20

6.8 7/21/12 - Cognac .......................................................................................................... 20

6.9 7/22/12 - Cognac .......................................................................................................... 21

6.10 7/23/12 - Cognac .......................................................................................................... 21

6.11 7/24/12 – Pensacola ...................................................................................................... 21

7 SITE SUMMARIES ................................................................................................................ 22

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3 

7.1 Baldpate - ..................................................................................................................... 22

7.2 Jolliet - .......................................................................................................................... 23

7.3 Ram-Powell - ................................................................................................................ 25

7.4 Cognac - ....................................................................................................................... 26

7.5 Zinc Subsea Installation ............................................................................................... 28

List of Figures

Figure 5-1. Launch of Kraken2 at Jolliet Platform. .......................................................................... 9

Figure 5-2. Lophelia II Cruise 5 track of the R/V Brooks McCall ................................................... 10

Figure 7-1: Baldpate platform. ...................................................................................................... 22

Figure 7-2: Lophelia pertusa on Baldpate platform. ..................................................................... 23

Figure 7-3: Jolliet platform. ........................................................................................................... 24

Figure 7-4: Lophelia pertusa on a tendon on Jolliet platform. ..................................................... 25

Figure 7-5: Ram Powell platform. ................................................................................................. 25

Figure 7-6: Lophelia pertusa on a tendon on Ram Powell platform. ............................................ 26

Figure 7-7: Cognac platform. ........................................................................................................ 27

Figure 7-8: Lophelia pertusa at the base of Cognac platform. ..................................................... 28

List of Tables 

Table 2-1: Cruise Overview ............................................................................................................. 5

Table 2-2. Cruise Participating Organizations ................................................................................. 7

Table 2-3. Cruise Participants ......................................................................................................... 7

Table 5-1. Platform structures surveyed listed in chronological order .......................................... 9

Table 6-1 Summary of Video and Digital Stills Collected during Cruise ....................................... 22

3
4 

CRUISE 5 REPORT 

for 

Deepwater Program: Exploration and Research of Northern Gulf of Mexico 

Deepwater Natural and Artificial Hard Bottom Habitats with Emphasis on 

Coral Communities: Reefs, Rigs and Wrecks 

Lophelia II

(Contract No. M08PC20038) 

1. INTRODUCTION 

1.1 OVERVIEW 

This document represents TDI-Brooks’ Cruise Report for the Lophelia II Project Cruise 5 for 

contract number: M08PC20038, issued by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean 

Energy Management “Deepwater Program: Exploration and Research of Northern Gulf of 

Mexico Deepwater Natural and Artificial Hard Bottom Habitats with Emphasis on Coral 

Communities: Reefs, Rigs and Wrecks.” The cruise was completed on R/V Brooks McCall

from 14 – 24 July 2012. The cruise mobilized in Freeport, TX and de-mobilized in Pensacola, 

FL. This report provides detailed information regarding operational procedures, stations 

occupied, and sampling activity. Results reported were obtained by analysis of the sampling 

information and data during the cruise and immediately afterward. Results will possibly be 

revised. This report is a preliminary product of the contract. 

1.2 REPORT CONTENT 

This cruise report is comprised of 8 sections. 

The Introduction presents a brief overview of the program, including background and objectives. 

Cruise Overview details the equipment and procedures employed during the cruise, participating 

organizations and personnel. 

Operations describes a brief overview of the sampling plan and descriptions of the equipment 

used to collect the samples during the cruise. 

Education Outreach details methods of distributing the information collected during the cruise 

and incorporating into curricula for students 

Dive Plans provides a detailed description of activities planned for each site and dive. These are 

often modified during the cruise to accommodate changing conditions or information gathered. 

Cruise Summary presents a chronological narrative for each day of the cruise. Noteworthy events 

are described and resolutions for any problems encountered. 

4
5 

The Site Summaries section provides a description of each site with supporting images. 

1.3 BACKGROUND 

Deepwater energy platforms occur throughout the outer continental shelf region of the Gulf of 

Mexico, and range in depths from ~50 m to over 2000 m along the continental slope. Prior to this 

study, Lophelia pertusa was primarily believed to occur between 300 to 600 m on natural hardbottom substrates in the Gulf of Mexico. The vertical structures of deepwater energy platforms 

provide hard substrate for attachment of several cnidarian taxa, including colonial corals such as 

L. pertusa. The range of depths occupied by deepwater energy platforms expands beyond the 

range typically occupied by L. pertusa on natural hard-bottom substrates, and presents a unique 

opportunity to investigate the depth-related factors (e.g. temperature, dissolved oxygen, pressure) 

that may control L. pertusa’s distribution in the Gulf. Furthermore, with knowledge of the 

deployment and installation dates of individual platforms, we can determine maximum growth 

rates of individual coral colonies with high-quality imagery and appropriate scaling. The 

coupling of bathymetric ranges, colony density, and growth rates of L. pertusa on artificial 

substrates with our ongoing results from natural hard-bottom sites augments our understanding 

of the distribution and biology of this species in the Gulf of Mexico. 

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE CRUISE 

The purpose of this cruise was fine-tuned to an emphasis on Lophelia pertusa occurrence and 

growth rates on artificial substrates, particularly deepwater energy platforms in the Gulf of 

Mexico. Prior to this cruise, a number of factors limited our ability to conduct a comprehensive 

study of this nature, primarily a lack of high-quality imagery and video. While several of our 

industry partners provided imagery and video from structural inspection surveys of the 

platforms, these products were designed for platform inspection and often lacked the focus on 

corals, resolution, and scale necessary to accurately identify coral species and determine growth 

rates or density. Therefore, this cruise was primarily conducted to collect high-quality, scaled 

images of L. pertusa and other colonial corals that occur on the vertical structures on deepwater 

energy platforms in order to augment our understanding of the distribution of L. pertusa in the 

Gulf of Mexico. 

2 CRUISE OVERVIEW 

The Lophelia II project involves exploration and research of the northern Gulf of Mexico 

deepwater natural and artificial hard bottom habitats with emphasis on coral communities. This 

cruise provides new surveys of artificial hard substrates provided by deepwater energy platforms 

that were unable to be conducted on the prior Lophelia II cruises in September 2008, June 2009, 

August-September 2009, and October-November 2010. An overview of the cruise is given in 

Table 2-1. 

Table 2-1: Cruise Overview 

R/V Brooks McCall

Cruise Number: 5

5
6 

Project: Deepwater Program: Exploration and Research of Northern Gulf of Mexico 

Deepwater Natural and Artificial Hard Bottom Habitats with Emphasis on Coral 

Communities: Reefs, Rigs and Wrecks; Lophelia II

Cruise Dates: 14 – 24 July 2012

Working Area: The Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope

Itinerary: Depart: Freeport, TX, - 14 July; Arrive: Pensacola, FL – 24 July

Chief Scientist: Jay Lunden, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia 

PA

All of the equipment for this expedition was loaded and installed onboard R/V Brooks McCall in 

Freeport, TX during 10-14 July 2012. 

This cruise employed the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kraken 2 (Kraken, Kraken2, and

K2 are used through this report interchangeably) to explore deepwater energy platform structures 

and collect high-definition video, digital imagery and physical samples. This was a 10 day cruise 

with 5 ROV dives. 

Images and video from a total of four platforms and one subsea installation were obtained during 

this cruise. These images supplement existing data products provided by industry, and greatly 

improve the interpretation and assessment of L. pertusa’s occurrence, density, and bathymetric 

distribution on artificial substrates in the Gulf of Mexico. 

From July 14 – 24, 2012 the Kraken2 ROV was used onboard the R/V Brooks McCall

specifically to survey and sample platforms for this study. A combination of weather, ROV 

capabilities and problems, and concerns with entanglement and incomplete information from 

platform operators combined to compromise this research effort. As a result, only a few 

collections were made, and no community collections were accomplished. When it became 

apparent that the amount of imagery we could collect would be quite limited, the decision was 

made to concentrate on imagery appropriate to quantify L. pertusa and other colonial coral 

occurrence and growth rates, recognizing that this would preclude collection of data on fish 

occurrence and physical samples for population genetic studies. Imagery was collected from 

Baldpate, Jolliet, Cognac, and Ram Powell, as well as the Zinc subsea installation before the 

cruise was terminated due to loss of the ROV. 

2.1 KRAKEN 2 ROV OPERATIONS 

1. Visual surveys of 4 platforms and 1 subsea installation 

2. Collection of 3409 still images at 4 sites 

3. Collection of ~ 9 hours of high-definition video at 3 sites 

4. Collection of L. pertusa for population genetic studies 

5. Collection of onboard CTD data, including oxygen 

2.2 R/V BROOKS MCCALL OPERATIONS 

1. Deployment of box cores at 5 sites 

2. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration & Research Signature Expedition 

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a. Near real-time web coverage 

b. NOAA web coordinator on board 

3. USGS onboard for meiofauna and coral genetics 

2.3 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS 

The following organizations (Table 2-2) were participants in Cruise 5. 

Table 2-2. Cruise Participating Organizations 

Penn State University (PSU) Dept. of Biology, State College, PA 16802

Temple University (TEMPLE) Dept. of Biology, 1900 N. 12th St., 

Philadelphia PA 19122

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 

(BOEM)

381 Elden St., M.S. 4041, Herndon, VA 

20170

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Integrated 

Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL 33701

NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and 

Research (NOAA OER)

NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration, 1315 

East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 

20910

2.4 PERSONNEL

The following persons (Table 2-3) were participants in Cruise 5 

Table 2-3. Cruise Participants 

Name Affiliation Position

Greg Boland BOEM Agency rep

Dr. Katharine Coykendall USGS Scientist

Emily Crum NOAA OER Website manager

Brian DeSanti FSU Grad student

Janessy Frometa USGS Technician

Sam Georgian TEMPLE Grad student

Dr. Chris Kellogg USGS Scientist

Betsy Larcom PSU Grad student

Jay Lunden TEMPLE Chief scientist

Jennifer McClain-Counts USGS Technician

Danielle McKean PSU Undergrad student

Miles Saunders PSU Technician

Matthew Schmidt PSU Undergrad student

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3 OPERATIONS 

3.1 SAMPLING 

The primary data collected using the ROV included digital video and still photographic imagery, 

CTD with DO sensor, and biological samples. Other data streams from the ROV such as vehicle 

altitude, acoustic data, and sonar imagery were recorded by networked computers in the control 

van. Navigational data for both the ship and ROV were also recorded. Box coring was conducted 

from the ship during times when the ROV could not be deployed. 

3.2 KRAKEN2 

The Kraken2 (K2) is a 1000 m light class ROV operated by the Northeast Underwater Research 

Technology and Education Center (NURTEC) at the University of Connecticut (Figure 5-1). 

Kraken2 operates with an electro-optic tether attached to a depressor weight and can support two 

simultaneous high-definition cameras and up to four standard definition cameras. Kraken2 also 

has a six-function robotic arm, an extendable insulated biobox and a suction sample system with 

eight buckets for sample collection. 

Four people operate Kraken2. A pilot “flies” the ROV. Two engineers work to monitor all the 

systems (electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, etc.) and operate the winch which pays out/hauls in 

the fiber optic cable attached to the depressor weight. A navigator communicates with the 

bridge to position the vessel so that Kraken2 can operate in the desired area. 

8
9 

Figure 5-1. Launch of Kraken2 at Jolliet Platform. 

4 EDUCATION OUTREACH CRUISE SUMMARY 

As a NOAA Ocean Explorer “Signature Expedition,” the Lophelia II cruise was featured on the 

NOAA Ocean Explorer website (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/welcome.html) and promoted 

through NOAA OE channels (e.g., VIMS Scuttlebutt listserv). During the cruise, log entries, 

seafloor and shipboard imagery and seafloor video clips were posted to the NOAA OE site on a 

regular basis. Log entries were authored by various cruise participants as an opportunity to 

feature individual contributions to the overall research agenda. 

5 DIVE PLANS 

The following section contains the dive plans for each site (Table 5-1) executed during the 

cruise (Figure 5-2).

Table 5-1. Platform structures surveyed listed in chronological order 

Dive Site Dates Times 

(CDT)

Depth 

(m)

Lat-D Long-D Comments

K2-12-01 Baldpate 7/15/12 –

7/16/12

17:45-

01:00

511 27.733 -91.993 Engineering 

dive

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10

K2-12-02 Jolliet 7/17/12 11:00-

20:00

500 27.767 -91.516 Aborted: 

entanglement

K2-12-03 Baldpate 7/18/12 15:00-

19:30

515 27.733 -91.993 Aborted: time 

K2-12-04 Zinc 7/19/12 14:20-

21:30

452

28.572 -89.840

Subsea 

installation

K2-12-05 Ram 

Powell

7/20/12 12:30-

21:15

1008 

29.061

-88.091

K2-12-06 Cognac 7/21/12 15:30-

19:30

322 28.791 -89.056 Aborted: 

entanglement

Figure 5-2. Lophelia II Cruise 5 track of the R/V Brooks McCall 

 

5.1 K2-12-01 –1

ST K2 LOWERING (7/15/12) - BALDPATE PLATFORM (500M 

AWAY) 

This is a short dive (~4 hours), and is meant to primarily test our protocols. 

Basket/vehicle loading: 

8 Bucket Suction Sampling System 

18 Quiver Sample Carousel 

10
11

 6 push cores 

 12 quivers with stoppers 

2 niskin bottles 

Seabird 19 CTD with DO sensor 

Kongsberg HD Video Camera 

Kongsberg 10M pixel Digital Still Camera and Electronic Flash 

Insite Pacific 1CCD wide angle cameras (3 including pilot) 

2 @ 200W HMI Lights (5600 K color temperature) 

2 @ DSSI OceanLight LED lights (5500 K color temperature; 5790 Lux at 1m in water); plus 

additional DSP&L lights provided as part of the science "BeastCam" system 

Dive plan: 

Names of people responsible for each task are in bold. 

 If they are not present, please send someone for them. 

All times are approximate – tasks will immediately follow each other 

1. Descend to bottom and set up (Jay, Greg) – 40 mins. 

2. Collect 6 push cores (Jennie) 

a. Fire 2 niskins if you can 

3. Play with cameras (Betsy) 

4. Recover K2 (Jay) 

5.2 K2-12-02 –2

ND K2 LOWERING (7/17/12) - JOLLIET PLATFORM

This should be about a 6-8 hour dive. 

Basket/vehicle loading: 

8 Bucket Suction Sampling System 

18 Quiver Sample Carousel 

2 niskin bottles 

Seabird 19 CTD with DO sensor 

Kongsberg HD Video Camera 

Kongsberg 10M pixel Digital Still Camera and Electronic Flash 

Insite Pacific 1CCD wide angle cameras (3 including pilot) 

2 @ 200W HMI Lights (5600 K color temperature) 

2 @ DSSI OceanLight LED lights (5500 K color temperature; 5790 Lux at 1m in water); plus 

additional DSP&L lights provided as part of the science "BeastCam" system 

Dive plan: 

Names of people responsible for each task are in bold. 

 If they are not present, please send someone for them. 

11
12

All times are approximate – tasks will immediately follow each other 

5. Move to top of vertical member and set up (Jay) – 40 mins. 

6. Do a straight scan to the bottom for density and size frequency. Have digital still set on 

intervalometer and note depths of 1st Lophelia, last Lophelia and largest corals. Descent 

rate should allow 50% overlap between images (Betsy) - 1 hr. 

7. Work back to top, stopping to make collections of Lophelia and get good edge shots of 

largest corals encountered (Katharine, Chris, Brian) – as much time as allows. 

a. Fire a niskin at the bottom and top of the Lophelia depth range (this will depend 

on time – if we are good on time and have time to move to another member, 

wait to fire the niskins until the next vertical member). 

8. IF we are good on time and weather/currents, move to another vertical member (Jay) –

30 min. 

9. Repeat straight scan to the bottom noting position of first/last and largest corals (Betsy) 

– 1 hr.

10. Work back to the top, stopping to make collections of Lophelia and to get good edge 

shots of largest corals encountered (Katharine, Chris, Brian) – 3 hrs. 

11. Recover K2 (Jay) 

5.3 K2-12-03 – 3

RD K2 LOWERING (7/18/12) - BALDPATE PLATFORM

This should be about a 6 hour dive. 

Basket/vehicle loading: 

8 Bucket Suction Sampling System 

18 Quiver Sample Carousel 

2 niskin bottles 

Seabird 19 CTD with DO sensor 

Kongsberg HD Video Camera 

Kongsberg 10M pixel Digital Still Camera and Electronic Flash 

Insite Pacific 1CCD wide angle cameras (3 including pilot) 

2 @ 200W HMI Lights (5600 K color temperature) 

2 @ DSSI OceanLight LED lights (5500 K color temperature; 5790 Lux at 1m in water); plus 

additional DSP&L lights provided as part of the science "BeastCam" system 

Dive plan: 

Names of people responsible for each task are in bold. 

 If they are not present, please send someone for them. 

All times are approximate – tasks will immediately follow each other 

12. Descend to bottom 200 m downcurrent from platform (Jay) – 40 mins. 

12
13

13. Approach platform very carefully and slowly, keeping a close visual on potential 

obstructions and pipelines. Keep an eye on sonar. (Jay) – 30 mins. 

14. Establish visual of the platform supports and begin scanning for corals (Jay) 

15. Work to top of vertical support, noting depths of 1st, last, and largest Lophelia colonies. 

Stop to make collections of Lophelia and get good edge shots of largest corals 

encountered (Katharine, Chris, Brian, Betsy) – 3 hrs. 

16. Depending on time, do a straight scan to the bottom for density and size frequency. 

Have digital still set on intervalometer and note depths of 1st Lophelia, last Lophelia and 

largest corals. Descent rate should allow 50% overlap between images (Betsy, Matt, 

Danielle) - 1 hr. 

17. Work back to top, stopping to make collections of Lophelia and get good edge shots of 

largest corals encountered (Katharine, Chris, Brian) – as much time as allows. 

a. Fire a niskin at the bottom and top of the Lophelia depth range. 

18. Make a call on time and move to another side of the vertical support (Jay); repeat steps 

5-6. 

19. Recover K2 (Jay) 

5.4 K2-12-04 – 4

TH K2 LOWERING (7/19/12) – ZINC SUBSEA INSTALLATION

This should be about a 6-8 hour dive. 

Basket/vehicle loading: 

8 Bucket Suction Sampling System 

18 Quiver Sample Carousel 

2 niskin bottles 

4 markers 

Seabird 19 CTD with DO sensor 

Kongsberg HD Video Camera 

Kongsberg 10M pixel Digital Still Camera and Electronic Flash 

Insite Pacific 1CCD wide angle cameras (3 including pilot) 

2 @ 200W HMI Lights (5600 K color temperature) 

2 @ DSSI OceanLight LED lights (5500 K color temperature; 5790 Lux at 1m in water); plus 

additional DSP&L lights provided as part of the science "BeastCam" system 

Dive plan: 

Names of people responsible for each task are in bold. 

 If they are not present, please send someone for them. 

All times are approximate – tasks will immediately follow each other 

1) Dive on the numbers and locate the feature. Do a 30 min survey for orientation. (Jay) – 30 

min. 

13
14

2) Move to one area with largest corals, fire one niskin, and image 30 – 40 coral colonies of full 

size range, from horizontal perspective. Deploy markers during this exercise so that each 

colony can be identified unambiguously on return visits. Assure good quality scale in some 

images for each coral colony. (Betsy) 3-4 hrs 

3) Move to a separate area, away from monitoring area, to make coral collections. Fire other 

niskin and collect pieces of 10 – 20 colonies (Chris, Katharine, Brian) – 3-4 hrs. 

4) Recover by dark – 30 min. 

5.5 K2-12-05 – 5

TH K2 LOWERING (7/20/12) – RAM POWELL

This should be about a 8 hour dive. 

Basket/vehicle loading: 

8 Bucket Suction Sampling System 

18 Quiver Sample Carousel 

2 niskin bottles 

Seabird 19 CTD with DO sensor 

Kongsberg HD Video Camera 

Kongsberg 10M pixel Digital Still Camera and Electronic Flash 

Insite Pacific 1CCD wide angle cameras (3 including pilot) 

2 @ 200W HMI Lights (5600 K color temperature) 

2 @ DSSI OceanLight LED lights (5500 K color temperature; 5790 Lux at 1m in water); plus 

additional DSP&L lights provided as part of the science "BeastCam" system 

Dive plan: 

Names of people responsible for each task are in bold. 

 If they are not present, please send someone for them. 

All times are approximate – tasks will immediately follow each other 

*due to the depth of this platform, the dive plan will change as we go depending on time 

1) Dive 100 m from the SE corner of the platform. Find bottom. (Jay) – 2 hrs. 

2) Slowly approach the platform SE corner tendons, keeping an eye on sonar targets and the 

depressor. Establish visual of the SE corner tendons and get set up. (Jay) 30 mins. 

3) Set intervalometer and start ascent to 200 m. Note depths of first, last, and largest corals. Do 

a good density scan (Betsy) – 2.5 hrs. 

4) Come back down and get edge shots of largest corals (Betsy) – 2.5 hrs. 

5) Come back up, sampling for corals on the way up. Fire niskins at top and bottom of Lophelia 

range. (Katharine, Brian, Sam). – 2.5 hrs. 

6) Recover K2. (Jay) 

5.6 K2-12-06 – 6

TH K2 LOWERING (7/21/12) – COGNAC

14
15

This should be about a 2-3 hour dive. 

Basket/vehicle loading: 

8 Bucket Suction Sampling System 

18 Quiver Sample Carousel 

 modified for 6 push cores 

2 niskin bottles 

Seabird 19 CTD with DO sensor 

Kongsberg HD Video Camera 

Kongsberg 10M pixel Digital Still Camera and Electronic Flash 

Insite Pacific 1CCD wide angle cameras (3 including pilot) 

2 @ 200W HMI Lights (5600 K color temperature) 

2 @ DSSI OceanLight LED lights (5500 K color temperature; 5790 Lux at 1m in water); plus 

additional DSP&L lights provided as part of the science "BeastCam" system 

Dive plan: 

Names of people responsible for each task are in bold. 

 If they are not present, please send someone for them. 

All times are approximate – tasks will immediately follow each other 

1. Start at bottom (40 min) of leg and get set up. (Jay) 

2. Do a straight imaging scan to 250 m (Betsy) – 1 hr.

3. Move back down to bottom collecting edge shots (Betsy) – 1 hr. 

4. If time allows, make some collections (Katharine, Chris, Brian) – end of time. 

5. Recover. 

6 CRUISE SUMMARY 

The following is a summary of the cruise activities and results. The sites are discussed in the 

chronological order visited. 

6.1 7/14/2012: DEPART FREEPORT AT 19:00 

6.2 7/15/2012 – TRANSIT AND ARRIVAL TO BALDPATE 

We arrived near station at 1430. After conducting a drift test, a job safety analysis (JSA) was 

held between ship’s crew and ROV crew to review safety procedures for ROV launch and 

recovery. We approached the platform at 1600 and prepared to dive at 1700, but had to stop due 

to a hydraulic leak on the winch. The winch was repaired but we lost about an hour of potential 

dive time. With less than 2 hours left of daylight, we alerted the platform and requested 

permission to dive the following day at 0800. We received permission to dive at the platform in 

the morning of 7/16/12. 

15
16

Rather than diving on the platform, we conducted an engineering dive (at 500 m off the 

platform) to test out cameras, intervalometer, push cores, niskins, etc. The ROV was launched at 

1945 and arrived at the bottom at approximately 2030. 

K2 reached the bottom at approximately 2015. The bottom was soft with several stalked sponges 

distributed randomly. Four push cores were taken, but were lost due to a quick movement of the 

ship pulling the ROV off site by approximately 40 m and losing the location of the cores. After 

approximately 1 hour of attempting to locate the cores, we decided to take the remaining two 

cores and fire the two niskins before recovering the ROV. One push core was pushed too deep 

into the sediment, causing sediment to spill out of the top – losing the top few centimeters and 

eliminating the core. The other push core was not usable either, but this was not determined until 

the vehicle was recovered. 

Regarding sampling, two of the ROV pilots became familiar with the push core procedure and 

adjusted their sampling techniques for this procedure. There was no time to experiment with 

lighting or digital stills. HD video was recorded and the downgraded HD video was successfully 

recorded to DVD, but the pilot cam did not record to DVD. To resolve this, we swapped out the 

faulty DVD recorder with one brought by the Demopoulos lab. 

A number of issues with the ROV were encountered during this dive. First, the sheave that 

controls the payout for the depressor weight began to fail during the dive, giving a false reading 

of the payout of the wire. Further, both niskin bottles failed to close completely due to being 

mounted too closely to the ROV frame. Spacers were added to allow sufficient space for the 

niskin bottles to close without leaking. 

We began the ROV recovery at 23:00; however, deteriorating weather conditions prolonged this 

process and the ROV was not secure on deck until 01:00 on 7/16/12. Because the deck crew had 

been up for 17 hours at this point, we had to cancel the planned box core transect. 

6.3 7/16/2012 – BALDPATE

We stayed on station at Baldpate overnight. A science/safety meeting was held at 09:00 to 

discuss the day’s objectives and short-term cruise plan. The ROV crew began with addressing 

our requests that came up during yesterday’s engineering dive and were able to resolve most of 

them (camera positions, push cores, niskin positions, etc.). We anticipated diving at Baldpate at 

12:00; however, during the pre-dive the ROV crew encountered a ground fault in the tether 

between the depressor weight and the vehicle. This forced us to hold off the dive while the ROV 

crew inspected the tether and identified the location of the ground fault. We notified the platform 

manager that we would pull away from the platform outside of the 500 m safety zone. 

At 14:00 the ROV group reported that they identified the problem – a ground fault in one of the 

three fibers in the tether. Three options were presented: 1) remove the HD camera fiber and use it 

to run the communications (3-4 hr turnaround), 2) dedicate the remainder of the day to repairing 

the entire tether (8-10 hrs), or 3) remove one downlooking camera to perform some workarounds to give us digital stills with intervalometer plus slower sampling (1-2 hr turnaround). 

Option 3 was chosen as it provided the quickest turnaround and best chance at performing a dive 

today at Baldpate. 

16
17

At 16:00 the ROV group reported that after pursuing option 3 (above), that as they were 

repositioning the ROV into launch position they lost communications again – indicating that all 3 

fibers in the tether failed and that the tether needed to be completely taken apart and reterminated. Since this would take at least ~8 hours, and we were due at Jolliet on the morning of 

7/17/12, and the Jolliet box core was a priority over Baldpate, we began transiting to Jolliet to 

perform a box core transect and dive in the AM on 7/17. We received a window to revisit 

Baldpate from 7/18-19 if necessary. 

At 17:00 we departed Baldpate for Jolliet. We arrived at the platform’s safety zone at 19:00 and 

prepared to conduct box core transects. 

The ROV group identified the location of the ground fault – it occurred in the fibers at the sheave 

(approx. 21-27 feet from the connection to the depressor weight). Work began immediately to 

repair this. 

Box core transects began at 20:00 at Jolliet station, 500 m away from the platform. 

6.4 7/17/12 – JOLLIET 

Overnight operations included box coring (9 box cores at 2 locations, 100 m apart from each 

other) at the Jolliet platform. The first box core had too much weight on it and resulted in mud 

spilling over the top. Weights were removed prior to re-deployment and the remaining box cores 

were successful. The box core lid did not close on the first few deployments, so there was 

surface water contamination in those box cores. However, this did not affect the integrity of the 

sediment and subsamples were still taken. The entire operation took about 9 hours (1 hour per 

box core) and concluded at 05:30. 

At 08:00 the ROV crew began pre-dive (after a night of repairing the ground fault in the tether). 

At the time, the platform had deployed divers in the water to perform scheduled welding repairs 

on the eastern face of the platform. As this was the face that we would be diving on due to the 

current conditions, the platform manager asked us to wait until the divers completed their work 

(approximately 1.5 hours) on the eastern face. 

At 10:00 we received permission to approach the platform. Pre-dive checks were completed and 

the deck crew prepared to launch the ROV. 

At 11:00 the ROV was launched. Immediately after ROV launch, the ROV crew conducted a 

depressor weight calibration. This was done because an offset in the winch was detected during 

the first dive. After the calibration, K2 approached the first tendon of the southeast corner of the 

platform. At 150 m depth, photographic calibrations were performed to test the digital still 

camera, intervalometer settings, HD camera zoom/focus, and image storage. 

The first colonies of Lophelia were observed at approximately 295 m depth. Lophelia formed 

small, bushy colonies along the tendons. Some colonies of orange scleractinians (presumably 

Lophelia) were also observed. Occasionally galatheids were observed on the corals. Further, 

flytrap anemones were randomly distributed but sparse in density. 

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At 400 m the currents began to change direction and increase in intensity. We had to pause and 

play with several ship/depressor weight configurations around the platform in order to allow the 

ROV to safely continue its descent in close proximity to the tendon. 

At 15:30, after an hour or so of testing ship/depressor weight configurations, the platform 

became concerned with our positioning as they had divers in the water conducting tendon 

inspections. At this point the ROV was approximately 10 m away from the tendon and could not 

get any closer due to the ship being restricted in movement from diver operations. We were at 

400 m and continued the descent to get a visual idea of the Lophelia distribution for density, 

although at a distance. 

At 15:45 we agreed that it would be best to come ~50 m away from the platform and descend to 

the bottom, then approach the platform from the bottom and ascend to scan and sample. This 

decision was made to safely descend and get a better assessment of the current at the bottom, and 

then to visualize the platform template. 

At 16:08, ~500 m depth, we noticed pieces of Lophelia falling from above. When we turned 

around approx. 90 with the ROV, we could see multiple tears in the tether and exposed Kevlar. 

Upon further inspection, we noticed that the tether was wrapped around a pipeline that we did 

not know was present – this was not in any of our diagrams of the platform. Further, this pipeline 

was smaller in diameter (approx. 10”) than the vertical tendons supporting the platform, 

indicating that it was not part of the structure of the platform. The depressor also was caught at 

about 458 m. After approximately 60 mins visualizing the area, we assessed the situation and 

were able to navigate the ROV out of the pipeline and away from the platform. This took a 

considerable amount of skill from the ROV team. We then followed the depressor weight away 

from the platform and pulled the assembly up to the surface, turned off power, and recovered the 

vehicle safely beginning at 19:00. K2 was secure on deck at 20:00. 

At 21:00, the ROV and science parties met to discuss the damage done to the two tethers (the 

one between the ROV and depressor weight, and the one between the depressor weight and the 

winch). The tether between the ROV and depressor weight was completely compromised. 

However, a spare tether was available (150’ long - compared to the original 200’ tether that had 

been used up until now), and was scheduled to be replaced in the morning of 7/18. The damaged 

portion of the tether connecting the depressor weight to the winch was planned to be reterminated. These repairs were expected to take approximately 4 hours. While waiting for the 

ROV tethers to be replaced/repaired, we planned to box core 1000 m off of Jolliet to give a “far” 

sample to test reef effect. This was scheduled to begin at 06:00 on 7/18. 

6.5 7/18/12 - BALDPATE

At 06:00 we arrived on station and began box coring at 1000 m away from the Jolliet platform to 

add to our transect from 7/17. Box coring was completed at 10:30 and we immediately began 

transitting back to Baldpate with a plan to dive at 13:00. The ROV crew began repairs to the 

vehicle’s tether at 08:00 and continued through the early afternoon. Outstanding issues at this 

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point included the tether extending from the depressor to the winch and the vehicle’s control box. 

At 12:30 the issues were resolved and we would be prepared to dive at 14:30 

The ROV was launched at 15:00 200 m away from the SW corner of the platform. We reached 

bottom at 16:42 and while moving towards the structure we lost navigation at 16:55. The nav 

computer was swapped out with a replacement and we regained navigation at 17:24. At 17:37, 

we lost sonar tracking; this was regained at 17:49. We reached the bottom of the platform at 

18:15 (497 m) and immediately observed several drill pilings with Lophelia scattered over them 

and other small platform structures. We fired a niskin at this time and began our ascent. At 

19:01 UTC we lost connection to the digital still camera and had to terminate digital still 

photography. We continued our scanning with HD video and lost visual of the platform structure 

at 19:10 (384 m). At 19:15, we encountered two flow lines that took us by surprise. These were 

25 cm diameter flow lines and extended to approximately 100 m below the surface. Due to the 

surprise of the flow lines, and with dusk approaching, we terminated the dive and began recovery 

at 19:30. The ROV was secure on deck at 20:15. We obtained CTD data but the niskin bottle 

leaked once on deck so we lost the sample. 

At 20:30, we departed Baldpate and began transitting to the Zinc subsea installation. 

6.6 7/19/12 - ZINC

We arrived on station at 09:30 at Zinc and began preparation for the dive. The ROV crew 

conducted several tests of the USBL and transponder prior to launch to verify navigation was 

reliable. At 11:00 a swell approached and we had to delay launch until the storm passed over. 

Further, there was an issue with the ROV communication and the serial port needed to be 

exchanged to resolve the issue. 

By 13:30, everything was ready to go, and the ROV was launched at 14:21. 

We arrived on bottom approximately 100 m to the northwest of the main installation. Both the 

installation and ROV test pile were immediately visible on sonar. We first approached the 

northwest side of the installation and observed small Lophelia colonies (10-20 polyps) scattered 

along the mudline at 50 m from the installation. The attachment points of the corals were 

completely covered in sediment. At 15:51 we obtained visual of the installation and began 

surveying for coral cover. This side of the installation was heavily sedimented and had sparse 

coverage of Lophelia. We then moved towards the test pile (50 m from to the northwest of the 

installation). The test pile (elevation 15 m off seafloor) had dense coverage of Lophelia. We 

imaged around the entire pile and deployed marker Z1. We also made several collections of 

Lophelia for pop gen and microbial work. A niskin bottle was fired to collect carbonate 

chemistry data. After this work was completed, we carefully moved to the southwest side of the 

installation at about 1900. We arrived at the southwest side of the installation at 19:45. This side 

was not sedimented and featured dense coverage of Lophelia. At 20:30 we were slightly delayed 

due to problems with the winch. After resolving this, we approached the southeast face and 

found several colonies of Lophelia but the coverage was very sparse. Most of the densest 

Lophelia was confined to the internal portions of the installation, which we could not reach with 

the ROV. We made one more collection of Lophelia and fired a niskin, and then began recovery. 

The ROV was on deck at 21:30 and we immediately began transiting to Ram Powell. 

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6.7 7/20/12 – RAM POWELL

We arrived on station at Ram Powell at 09:30 and began communicating with the platform OIM. 

After receiving a detailed explanation of the platform’s jacket and the adjacent flow lines, we 

began launch planning at 11:30. The ROV was initially launched at 11:30, but during the descent 

the ROV crew realized that the transducer pole was not properly connected. We had to quickly 

recover the vehicle, adjust the transducer connections, and re-launch. We re-launched at 12:30 

and reached bottom at 14:30. The vehicle then slowly approached the platform and we began our 

survey at 15:27. 

We stopped the ROV at 500 m to check the depth of the depressor as we had been having 

difficulty with the magnetic sheave that reads the payout. 

We reached the bottom with K2 approximately 50 m from the SE corner of the platform. Bottom 

depth (1008 m) was slightly deeper than the platform’s template (998 m), and we moved to the 

northwest upslope to approach the target tendon for survey. At 14:54 we encountered a small 

living colony of Lophelia at 1008 m. It was unclear if this colony settled here and grew, or if it 

detached from the platform structure prior to our arrival. We sampled a piece of the colony and 

continued upslope to reach the platform tendon. 

At 15:27 we obtained visual of the SE tendon pilings. After getting camera lighting organized, 

we began our ascent up the tendon. Small colonies of Madrepora oculata appeared first, and our 

initial observation of Lophelia was at 780 m – a new depth record for the Gulf of Mexico. A 

niskin bottle water sample was taken at this location. We continued up the tendon, observing 

flytrap anemones and small Lophelia colonies. At 600 m, the density of Lophelia increased 

compared to our initial observations on the tendon. Highest density of Lophelia was from 600 to 

500 m and distribution of Lophelia continued until 283 m. From 283 m to 200 m, the tendon was 

almost completely devoid of any fauna. At 200 m, we stopped the ascent and began to descend to 

collect edge shots of the largest Lophelia colonies. We took another water sample at 300 m and 

continued down to image high density areas of Lophelia.

At 18:44 we descended back to the high density areas of Lophelia (397-497 m) to image 

prominent colonies. Higher density colonies occurred below 497 m, but larger colonies were 

above 497 m. We collected roughly 10 edge shots for growth rate analyses from 397-497 m. 

Following collection of the edge shot images, we planned to initiate coral collections, but were 

pulled away from the structure by a cross-current at 19:45. We then chose to forego collections 

at this station and recover. 

Recovery began at 19:45 and was very difficult due to deteriorating weather conditions. The 

recovery process took just over 1.5 hours and resulted in a tear in the flying tether. Also, the aft 

niskin leaked during recovery, compromising the water sample. Once the ROV was on deck and 

secure (21:15), we began our transit to Cognac. The tether was repaired during the transit. 

6.8 7/21/12 - COGNAC

At 04:00 we arrived at Cognac, and planned to box core. However, the weather was too poor to 

conduct box core operations and we saw several flashes of lightning in the early AM. After the 

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science/safety meeting at 0900, we contacted the platform PIC and discussed the layout of the 

jacket and the adjacent flow lines. We then established the safest route of entry for the ROV and 

prepped the vehicle for launch. Deteriorating weather conditions and sea state delayed launch by 

about 6 hours. 

K2 was launched at 15:30 and reached bottom at 16:38 at 322 m. We began our approach from 

50 m to the southwest of the South corner of the platform. During the brief transit to the 

structure, we encountered expansive colonies of Lophelia, resembling a natural hard-bottom reef. 

At 17:23 we reached the south leg of the platform (leg 1) and began a vertical scan to get an idea 

of the depth distribution and density of Lophelia on the structure. The bottom template and leg 1 

had dense coverage of Lophelia with extensive growth from 322 m to past 270 m. The last 

Lophelia occurrence was at 220 m. 

The ROV continued its ascent until 200 m (~18:30), at which point we began to descend back to 

the bottom to attempt a few collections and edge shots. At 280 m we observed a small colony of 

the orange Lophelia colormorph on a horizontal structure at the base of the jacket. This was 

collected immediately before beginning recovery. 

At 19:30 (280 m depth), after collecting a coral sample, we lost communications with the 

vehicle. A snap load was observed on the winch tether, and all monitors in the control van went 

immediately blank. We recovered the depressor weight, which was detached from the vehicle. 

The flying tether remained attached to the ROV. The flying tether to the ROV detached from the 

PFOB box on the depressor weight. We continued to monitor the location of the ROV using the 

transponder and pinging it. 

6.9 7/22/12 - COGNAC

The entire day was spent making phone calls to recruit a rescue operation to recover the ROV. At 

23:00 we received confirmation that Subsea 7 would be able to send a ship (M/V Ross Candies) 

with an industrial class ROV to help recover the vehicle. The Ross Candies was under contract 

with BP performing work in GC825. We received permission from BP to permit the vessel to 

assist with the salvage operation at 23:00. 

6.10 7/23/12 - COGNAC

The M/V Ross Candies arrived at Cognac at 06:30. We had been communicating with Subsea 7, 

the ship, the platform, and onshore administrators in order to obtain the proper permissions and 

approvals to commence the dive. However, we were unable to obtain all necessary approvals 

before we had to head to port. We left Cognac at 12:00 without the ROV. The ROV was 

recovered one week later by Oceaneering. 

6.11 7/24/12 – PENSACOLA

We arrived in port at Pensacola at 06:00 and began to disembark. 

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Table 6-1 Summary of Video and Digital Stills Collected during Cruise 

Site Hours of Video Recorded Number of Digital Stills

Jolliet 1.5 1147

Zinc 0 346

Ram Powell 5.5 1616

Cognac 1.75 300*

* No digital stills were taken; the images were taken from screenshots of video. 

7 SITE SUMMARIES 

7.1 BALDPATE -

Water depth – 1,650 ft (503 m) 

Installation date – 1998 

Complex ID - 33039

Lease block – GB 260 

Structure type – Compliant Tower 

Figure 7-1: Baldpate platform. 

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Most of the information gathered for Baldpate is from an inspection survey taken on September 

27, 2008. On this cruise, the dive on Baldpate was aborted due to unforeseen obstructions, but 

the presence of L. pertusa on the structure was confirmed despite no other usable data being 

collected. 

The 2008 Baldpate survey was not adequate for L. pertusa density or growth analysis but did 

allow better survey of fish populations than other platform surveys even though the depth gauge 

only functioned intermittently. The survey started at 67 m depth and noted numerous reef-type 

fish associated with small sea fans and Tubastrea sp. colonies. The first L. pertusa were seen at 

282 m and the first fly trap anemone at 308 m. L. pertusa remained relatively rare to 333 m and 

fish were almost completely absent. Brisingid starfish were first sighted at 310 m and became 

abundant down to about 360 m. Small L. pertusa appeared to become more abundant from this 

depth and were present until 5-10 m from the sea floor (about 500 m). 

Figure 7-2: Lophelia pertusa on Baldpate platform. 

7.2 JOLLIET -

Water depth – 1,781 ft (543 m) 

Installation date – 1989 

Complex ID 23583 

Protraction Area – Green Canyon 

Lease block – GC 184 

Operator name – MC Offshore 

Structure type – Tension Leg Platform (TLP)/Template 

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Figure 7-3: Jolliet platform. 

No biota clearly identifiable as colonial corals were observed from 35 m to 75 m, though small 

flora and fauna, and numerous fish, including schools of jack and chub, were present at this 

depth. Larger fauna, including some unidentifiable potential coral colonies and smaller 

unidentified cnidarians, were present between 75 m and 110 m. From 110 m down to 235 m the 

faunal coverage decreased steadily; only small attached fauna was present and no identifiable 

corals were observed in this depth range. Starting at 235 m, anemones, zooanthids and hydroids 

began to increase in abundance until about 275 m. Attached fauna was again sparse between 275 

and 300 m depth. The first L. pertusa colony was seen at 294 m and L. pertusa, larger anemones 

and other solitary cnidarians increased in abundance from about 300 m to 437 m where L. 

pertusa and fly-trap anemones were abundant. The base of this structure was not imaged. No 

identifiable corals other than L. pertusa were observed on this structure. Non-white L. pertusa

were observed on this structure. 

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Figure 7-4: Lophelia pertusa on a tendon on Jolliet platform. 

7.3 RAM-POWELL - 

Water depth – 3,264 ft (995 m) 

Installation date – 1997 

Complex ID 24229 

Lease block – VK 956 

Structure type – TLP/Template 

Figure 7-5: Ram Powell platform. 

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Ram Powell was the only structure surveyed that extended past the known depth range for L. 

pertusa, so was the only structure where robust data on deepest depth of occurrence, and 

relations between depth and density and growth rate were obtained. Large attached fauna were 

almost completely absent from 200 m to 275 m depth. Large anemones were first seen at 275 m 

depth and were sparse down to about 350 m. Below this depth, both anemones and L. pertusa

became increasingly abundant, along with smaller solitary cnidarians. Below 600 m, L. pertusa

and the larger anemones persisted but abundance decreased with depth, and smaller cnidarians 

became quite rare. The last L. pertusa was noted at 801 m, and below this depth visible attached 

megafauna were very sparse. One L. pertusa colony was found on the sea floor near the base of 

the structure, however this colony had dead or dying polyps on the ends of several branches and 

was interpreted as most likely representing a dying fragment that had been dislodged from the 

structure above. No fish were observed during the scan of the tendon. 

Figure 7-6: Lophelia pertusa on a tendon on Ram Powell platform. 

7.4 COGNAC -

Water depth – 1,033 ft (315 m) 

Installation date – 1978 

Complex ID 22178 

Lease block – MC 194 

Structure type – Solid 

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Figure 7-7: Cognac platform. 

ognac was the oldest structure surveyed, and several aspects of the coral communities there 

probably reflect this: 

1) There were several areas on Cognac where the L. pertusa growth had reached the thicket 

stage, and it was not possible to differentiate individual colonies. 

2) Although, like the other structures, there was no L. pertusa attached to the basal 5-10 m 

of this structure, there were abundant living (and apparently healthy) L. pertusa on the 

sea floor near the base. This likely reflects survival of some fragments that have been 

dislodged from the structure above. 

3) Another reflection of the age of this structure was the significantly increased presence of 

what appear to be non-L. pertusa colonial corals, similar in appearance to the few seen on 

Pompano. 

4) Finally, unlike the other structures surveyed, no large anemones were present in areas of 

highest L. pertusa abundance, perhaps reflecting out-competition by L. pertusa.

No data was collected at depths above 165 m. No large attached fauna was present between 165 

m and 180 m. Between 180 m and 250 m, a non L. pertusa colonial coral was present with a 

peak in abundance near the bottom of this range. L. pertusa was present between 218 m and 320 

m. No large anemones were present above 280 m nor were they present at peak L. pertusa

depths (260 m to 325 m). There was no L. pertusa on the base of Cognac (within about 5-8 m of 

the sea floor), but unlike like other structures, L. pertusa were observed on the sea floor near the 

base of the structure. Non- white L. pertusa were observed on this structure.

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Figure 7-8: Lophelia pertusa at the base of Cognac platform. 

7.5 ZINC SUBSEA INSTALLATION 

Water depth – approximately 1,500 ft (450 m) 

Installation date - 1991 

Protraction Area – Mississippi Canyon 

Lease block – MC355 

Operator name- Exxon Mobil 

Structure type – Subsea 

No observable megafauna was found at the base of this installation. There was heavy 

sedimentation around the base of the main installation and bare steel was often visible on basal 

parts of the main installation. About 7 m above the sea floor, on turrets near the top of the main 

installation there were scattered small L. pertusa colonies, zoanthids and small anemones. Most 

imagery was collected from an abandoned flow-tube test pile located several meters away from 

the main installation. Similar to the other installations, anemones, but no L. pertusa, were 

present on the basal parts of the test pile. However, L. pertusa were abundant higher up on this 

structure. This test pile was approximately 15 m in height, including four corner protrusions from 

the elevated flow-tube platform. Fish, including numerous Atlantic roughy, were observed 

around and inside of the platform area of the abandoned test pile. Large fly-trap and other 

anemones were also visible on this test pile, but no corals other than L. pertusa were observed. 

Squat lobsters, crabs, ctenophores, and copepods were numerous as well at the test pile. 

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Figure 7-9: Lophelia pertusa colonies at the Zinc subsea installation. 

8 ROV LOWERINGS 

Lowering # Site ID Lab Sample Sample ID Collection Equipment Lat (DD-N) Long (DD-W) Depth (m)

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-201 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-213 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-214 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-215 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-231 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-232 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-02 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-233 Core 27.76499 91.52048 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-202 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-219 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-220 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-221 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-234 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-235 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-03 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-236 Core 27.76499 91.52051 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-203 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-222 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-223 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-224 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-237 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-238 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-04 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-239 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

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Lowering # Site ID Lab Sample Sample ID Collection Equipment Lat (DD-N) Long (DD-W) Depth (m)

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-204 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-216 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-217 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-218 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-240 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-241 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-05 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-242 Core 27.76503 91.52052 522

BC-06 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-210 Core 27.76444 91.52121 506

BC-06 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-211 Core 27.76444 91.52121 506

BC-06 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-212 Core 27.76444 91.52121 506

BC-06 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-243 Core 27.76444 91.52121 506

BC-06 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-244 Core 27.76444 91.52121 506

BC-06 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-245 Core 27.76444 91.52121 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-205 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-225 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-226 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-227 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-246 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-247 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-07 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-248 Core 27.76444 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-206 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-228 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-229 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-230 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-249 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-250 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-08 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-251 Core 27.76443 91.52119 506

BC-09 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-207 Core 27.76444 91.5212 506

BC-09 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-208 Core 27.76444 91.5212 506

BC-09 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-209 Core 27.76444 91.5212 506

BC-09 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-252 Core 27.76444 91.5212 506

BC-09 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-253 Core 27.76444 91.5212 506

BC-09 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-254 Core 27.76444 91.5212 506

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-255 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-256 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-257 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-270 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-272 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-273 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-10 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-274 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-258 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-259 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-260 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-271 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

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31

Lowering # Site ID Lab Sample Sample ID Collection Equipment Lat (DD-N) Long (DD-W) Depth (m)

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-275 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-276 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

BC-11 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-277 Core 27.76196 91.52427 509

BC-12 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-261 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-12 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-262 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-12 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-263 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-12 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-278 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-12 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-279 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-12 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-280 Core 27.76198 91.52425 509

BC-13 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-264 Core 27.76197 91.52426 509

BC-13 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-265 Core 27.76197 91.52426 509

BC-13 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-266 Core 27.76197 91.52426 509

BC-13 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-281 Core 27.76197 91.52426 509

BC-13 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-282 Core 27.76197 91.52426 509

BC-13 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-283 Core 27.76197 91.52426 509

BC-14 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-267 Core 27.76196 91.52425 509

BC-14 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-268 Core 27.76196 91.52425 509

BC-14 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-269 Core 27.76196 91.52425 509

BC-14 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-284 Core 27.76196 91.52425 509

BC-14 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-285 Core 27.76196 91.52425 509

BC-14 Jolliet Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-286 Core 27.76196 91.52425 509

BC-15 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-304 Core 28.78648 89.0564 323

BC-15 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-305 Core 28.78648 89.0564 323

BC-15 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-306 Core 28.78648 89.0564 323

BC-15 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-307 Core 28.78648 89.0564 323

BC-15 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-308 Core 28.78648 89.0564 323

BC-15 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-309 Core 28.78648 89.0564 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-310 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-311 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-312 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-313 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-314 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-315 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-16 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-352 Core 28.78647 89.05637 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-316 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-317 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-318 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-319 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-320 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-321 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-17 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-353 Core 28.78649 89.05634 323

BC-18 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-322 Core 28.7865 89.05636 323

BC-18 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-323 Core 28.7865 89.05636 323

BC-18 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-324 Core 28.7865 89.05636 323

31
32

Lowering # Site ID Lab Sample Sample ID Collection Equipment Lat (DD-N) Long (DD-W) Depth (m)

BC-18 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-325 Core 28.7865 89.05636 323

BC-18 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-326 Core 28.7865 89.05636 323

BC-18 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-327 Core 28.7865 89.05636 323

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-328 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-329 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-330 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-331 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-332 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-333 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-19 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-354 Core 28.78206 89.05923 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-334 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-335 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-336 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-337 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-338 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-339 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-20 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-355 Core 28.78205 89.0559 340

BC-21 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-340 Core 28.78208 89.05923 340

BC-21 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-341 Core 28.78208 89.05923 340

BC-21 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-342 Core 28.78208 89.05923 340

BC-21 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-343 Core 28.78208 89.05923 340

BC-21 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-344 Core 28.78208 89.05923 340

BC-21 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-345 Core 28.78208 89.05923 340

BC-22 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-346 Core 28.78208 89.05592 340

BC-22 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-347 Core 28.78208 89.05592 340

BC-22 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-348 Core 28.78208 89.05592 340

BC-22 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-349 Core 28.78208 89.05592 340

BC-22 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-350 Core 28.78208 89.05592 340

BC-22 Cognac Demopoulos Core LII12-GM-351 Core 28.78208 89.05592 340

5GB-1 Jolliet Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-287 5 gallon bucket 27.76499 91.52048 0

5GB-2 Jolliet Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-288 5 gallon bucket 27.76499 91.52048 0

5GB-3 Jolliet Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-289 5 gallon bucket 27.76499 91.52048 0

5GB-4 Jolliet Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-290 5 gallon bucket 27.76499 91.52048 0

5GB-5 Jolliet Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-291 5 gallon bucket 27.76499 91.52048 0

5GB-6 Ram Powell Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-292 5 gallon bucket 29.05964 88.09042 0

5GB-7 Ram Powell Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-293 5 gallon bucket 29.05964 88.09042 0

5GB-8 Ram Powell Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-294 5 gallon bucket 29.05964 88.09042 0

5GB-9 Ram Powell Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-295 5 gallon bucket 29.05964 88.09042 0

5GB-10 Ram Powell Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-296 5 gallon bucket 29.05964 88.09042 0

5GB-11 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-297 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

5GB-12 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-298 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

5GB-13 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-299 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

5GB-14 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-300 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

5GB-15 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-301 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

32
33

Lowering # Site ID Lab Sample Sample ID Collection Equipment Lat (DD-N) Long (DD-W) Depth (m)

5GB-16 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-302 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

5GB-17 Cognac Demopoulos POM LII12-GM-303 5 gallon bucket 28.79009 89.05651 0

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-001 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-002 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-003 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-004 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-005 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-006 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-007 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-02 Jolliett Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-008 ROV 27.767644 91.516151 495(approx)

K2-12-04 Zinc Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-009 Q10 28.5727 89.8404 446

K2-12-04 Zinc Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-010 Q7 28.5727 89.8404 444

K2-12-04 Zinc Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-011 Q8 28.5727 89.8404 445

K2-12-04 Zinc Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-012 Q11 28.5727 89.8404 455

K2-12-04 Zinc Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-013 Q12 28.5727 89.8404 455

K2-12-04 Zinc Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-014 Q13 28.5727 89.8404 452

K2-12-04 Zinc Cordes water LII-12-1001 FOR Niskin 28.343600 89.504100 449.46

K2-12-04 Zinc Cordes water LII-12-1002 AFT Niskin 28.343549 89.505604 452.6

K2-12-05 Ram Powell Morrison/Kellogg Lophelia pertusa LII-12-015 Q12 29.035 88.055 1010.4

K2-12-05 Ram Powell Cordes water LII-12-1003 FOR Niskin 29.036331 88.054878 312

K2-12-05 Ram Powell Cordes water LII-12-1004 AFT Niskin 29.035663 88.055368 780.68

33
APPENDIX A-2. OCTOCORALS COLLECTED IN THE DEEP 

NORTHERN AND EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO 

34
Green Canyon (GC)

mtMutS and cox1+igr1 GB299 GB535 GC140 GC234 GC235

Representative (340-384) (523-552) (240-321) (493) (532-533)

GenBank Numbers n=2 n=2 n=1 n=1 n=1

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621 1Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603 1Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638 1

Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620 1Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616

Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238 1

Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

Garden Banks (GB)

35
Green Canyon (GC)

mtMutS and cox1+igr1 GB299 GB535 GC140 GC234 GC235

Representative (340-384) (523-552) (240-321) (493) (532-533)

GenBank Numbers n=2 n=2 n=1 n=1 n=1

Garden Banks (GB)

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625 4cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622 1 1

Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623 2Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624 1

Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629 1Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636

Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738 1

Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804

Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761 7 2

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741 1

cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637 1Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626 1

Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719 22

Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560 1 7

Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689 12Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226 3Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

36
Green Canyon (GC)

mtMutS and cox1+igr1 GB299 GB535 GC140 GC234 GC235

Representative (340-384) (523-552) (240-321) (493) (532-533)

GenBank Numbers n=2 n=2 n=1 n=1 n=1

Garden Banks (GB)

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611 1

Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225 1 1Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613 1

Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231 1

Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227 2 1Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

Pennatulacea 1

Total # Individuals 33 16 22 4 7Total # Species 6 7 8 4 1

37
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465

Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

Green Canyon (GC)

GC246 GC249 GC338 GC354 GC852

(844-849) (777-790) (821-838) (527-588) (1396-1427)

n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

1

1

1

38
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719

Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

Green Canyon (GC)

GC246 GC249 GC338 GC354 GC852

(844-849) (777-790) (821-838) (527-588) (1396-1427)

n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

21

1

13

2

2 1

2

2

6 16 4

2

1

39
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

PennatulaceaTotal # IndividualsTotal # Species

Green Canyon (GC)

GC246 GC249 GC338 GC354 GC852

(844-849) (777-790) (821-838) (527-588) (1396-1427)

n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

1211

1

8 16 8 12 112157 7

40
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465

Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

AT47 AT357 MC036 MC118 MC159

(850-854) (1046-1054) (1093-1094) (882-887) (918)

n=1 n=4 n=1 n=3 n=1

1

Atwater Valley (AT)

41
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719

Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

AT47 AT357 MC036 MC118 MC159

(850-854) (1046-1054) (1093-1094) (882-887) (918)

n=1 n=4 n=1 n=3 n=1

Atwater Valley (AT)

1

3

2 10 2 6 21 1

1

1 2

42
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

PennatulaceaTotal # IndividualsTotal # Species

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

AT47 AT357 MC036 MC118 MC159

(850-854) (1046-1054) (1093-1094) (882-887) (918)

n=1 n=4 n=1 n=3 n=1

Atwater Valley (AT)

3 12 3 11 42 3 2 33

43
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465

Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

MC294 MC297 MC388 MC506/507

(1363-1373) (1549-1589) (1847-1858) (1040-1041)

n=6 n=2 n=3 n=2

1

1 1

11

44
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719

Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

MC294 MC297 MC388 MC506/507

(1363-1373) (1549-1589) (1847-1858) (1040-1041)

n=6 n=2 n=3 n=2

1338111841

3

1

45
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

PennatulaceaTotal # IndividualsTotal # Species

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

MC294 MC297 MC388 MC506/507

(1363-1373) (1549-1589) (1847-1858) (1040-1041)

n=6 n=2 n=3 n=2

1 2

17 10 13 3

6331

46
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465

Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

MC751 MC885 VK826 VK862 VK906

(434-445) (623-637) (454-545) (348-354) (332-432)

n=4 n=1 n=15 n=2 n=8

2

2

1 11

Viosca Knoll (VK)

47
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

MC751 MC885 VK826 VK862 VK906

(434-445) (623-637) (454-545) (348-354) (332-432)

n=4 n=1 n=15 n=2 n=8

Viosca Knoll (VK)

3 1

7 23

1

1

9 32

5 5

27 26 34

2 2

48
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

PennatulaceaTotal # IndividualsTotal # Species

Mississippi Canyon (MC)

MC751 MC885 VK826 VK862 VK906

(434-445) (623-637) (454-545) (348-354) (332-432)

n=4 n=1 n=15 n=2 n=8

Viosca Knoll (VK)

2

49 26 45 5 17

61 716

49
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465

Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

West Florida Slope (WFL)

DC583 DC673 WFL1 WFL2

(2203-2249) (2159-2443) (408-449) (415-423)

n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

1

1

1

111

2

1 2

Desoto Canyon (DC)

50
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719

Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

West Florida Slope (WFL)

DC583 DC673 WFL1 WFL2

(2203-2249) (2159-2443) (408-449) (415-423)

n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

Desoto Canyon (DC)

2 21

1

1

1 101 11 21 1

51
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

PennatulaceaTotal # IndividualsTotal # Species

West Florida Slope (WFL)

DC583 DC673 WFL1 WFL2

(2203-2249) (2159-2443) (408-449) (415-423)

n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

Desoto Canyon (DC)

1 13 21 21 1

2

1 2

4

13 28 10 610 12 5 4

52
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Stolonifera

Clavularia rudis 1a JQ241252, JQ411465

Clavularia rudis 1b KC984597, KC984633Clavularia rudis 1c KC992389, KC992390Clavularia rudisStoloniferan sp. 1 KC984585, KC984621Stoloniferan sp. 2 JQ241245, JQ411462

Alcyoniina

Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus^ KC984603Anthomastus sp.^Anthomastus robustus delta^ KC984604Nidalia dissidens KC984602, KC984638Aquaumbridae sp. 1a KC984594, KC984630Aquaumbridae sp. 1b KC984595, KC984631Aquaumbridae sp.

Scleraxonia

Scleraxonian nov sp. 1 KC984579, KC984615Anthothela nov sp. 1 KC984584, KC984620Anthothela sp. 2 KC984580, KC984616Anthothela sp. 3 KC984592, KC984628Corallium sp. 1 KC788270, KC788230Corallium niobe KC788267, KC788233Paragorgia cf. johnsoni KC984606, KC984640

Paragorgia johnsoni KC788262, KC788232Paragorgia regalis JQ241244, KC984642Paragorgia sp. 1 KC788261, KC788238Sibogagorgia cauliflora KC984605, KC984639

Holaxonia

Acanthogorgia sp. 1 KC984581, KC984617

West Florida Slope (WFL)

WFL3 WFL4 WFL5 Green Lantern GulfPenn

(488-557) (507) (595) (913) (541)

n=6 n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

1111 11

1

Shipwrecks

53
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Acanthogorgia aspera KC984589, KC984625cf. Muriceopsis sp. KC984591, KC984627

Muriceides cf. hirta 1a KC984586, KC984622Muriceides cf. hirta 1b KC984587, KC984623Muriceides cf. hirta 1c KC984588, KC984624Muriceides cf. hirta 1d KC984593, KC984629Muriceides sp. 2 KC984600, KC984636Muriceides sp. 3 KC984583, KC984619Paramuricea sp. A KC710843, KC710738Paramuricea biscaya B1 KC710909, KC710804Paramuricea biscaya B1a KC710941, KC710836Paramuricea biscaya B2 KC710885, KC710780Paramuricea sp. B3 KC710939, KC710834Paramuricea sp. E KC710866, KC710761

Paramuricea sp. H KC710846, KC710741cf. Echinomuricea sp. KC984601, KC984637Scleracis guadalupensis KC984590, KC984626Swiftia exserta KC984582, KC984618Swiftia cf. koreni KC984596, KC984632Swiftia pallida KC984598, KC984634

Calcaxonia

Callogorgia am. americana KC771876, KC771719

Callogorgia am. delta KC771720, KC771560Callogorgia gracilis KC771845, KC771689Cheliodonisis a. mexicana KC788274, KC788226Chrysogorgia averta KC788265, KC788235Chrysogorgia sp. 1a KC788268, KC788223Chrysogorgia sp. 1b KC984578, KC984614Iridogorgia magnispiralis KC788263, KC788237

West Florida Slope (WFL)

WFL3 WFL4 WFL5 Green Lantern GulfPenn

(488-557) (507) (595) (913) (541)

n=6 n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

Shipwrecks

2

1 1

1

114

211

54
mtMutS and cox1+igr1

Representative

GenBank Numbers

Iridogorgia splendens KC788271, KC788229Keratoisidinae I1 KC984572, KC984608Keratoisidinae I2 KC788264, KC788236Keratoisidinae N1a KC984574, KC984610Keratoisidinae nr J2a KC788266, KC788234Keratoisidinae S1a KC984575, KC984611Keratoisidinae S1b KC788275, KC788225Keratoisidinae S1c KC984577, KC984613Lepidisis sp. D1c KC984573, KC984609Narellla pauciflora KC788272, KC788228Nicella sp. KC788269, KC788231Paracalyptrophora carinata KC788273, KC788227Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma KC788276, KC788224

PennatulaceaTotal # IndividualsTotal # Species

West Florida Slope (WFL)

WFL3 WFL4 WFL5 Green Lantern GulfPenn

(488-557) (507) (595) (913) (541)

n=6 n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

Shipwrecks

6 1

17 1 6 4 1

8 15 3 1

55
 

APPENDIX B-1 MASS AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FLUX 

56
Site Lat (N) Long (W) Seafloor Trap Depth Trap ID Sample # Open Closed Interval Trap area <1mm wt

(m) (m) (Date) (Date) (Days) (m2) (mg)

VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 1 11‐Sep‐09 25‐Sep‐09 14 0.5 1821.90VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 2 25‐Sep‐09 9‐Oct‐09 14 0.5 4105.50VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 3 9‐Oct‐09 23‐Oct‐09 14 0.5 3522.80VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 4 23‐Oct‐09 6‐Nov‐09 14 0.5 6620.50VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 5 6‐Nov‐09 20‐Nov‐09 14 0.5 2587.40VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 6 20‐Nov‐09 4‐Dec‐09 14 0.5 1111.20VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 7 4‐Dec‐09 18‐Dec‐09 14 0.5 3189.30VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 8 18‐Dec‐09 1‐Jan‐10 14 0.5 16283.90VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 9 1‐Jan‐10 15‐Jan‐10 14 0.5 11868.20VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 10 15‐Jan‐10 29‐Jan‐10 14 0.5 8180.30VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 11 29‐Jan‐10 12‐Feb‐10 14 0.5 1309.10VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 12 12‐Feb‐10 26‐Feb‐10 14 0.5 2391.40VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 13 26‐Feb‐10 12‐Mar‐10 14 0.5 3724.10VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 14 12‐Mar‐10 26‐Mar‐10 14 0.5 1843.00VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 15 26‐Mar‐10 9‐Apr‐10 14 0.5 1372.00VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 16 9‐Apr‐10 23‐Apr‐10 14 0.5 541.70VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 17 23‐Apr‐10 7‐May‐10 14 0.5 629.70VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 18 7‐May‐10 21‐May‐10 14 0.5 1691.90VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 19 21‐May‐10 4‐Jun‐10 14 0.5 1086.50VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 20 4‐Jun‐10 18‐Jun‐10 14 0.5 1460.40VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W 463 457 GOMEX M2 VK01 21 18‐Jun‐10 2‐Jul‐10 14 0.5 1853.80

MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 1 11‐Sep‐09 25‐Sep‐09 14 0.5 3585.50MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 2 25‐Sep‐09 9‐Oct‐09 14 0.5 5813.60MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 3 9‐Oct‐09 23‐Oct‐09 14 0.5 3762.40MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 4 23‐Oct‐09 6‐Nov‐09 14 0.5 486.10MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 5 6‐Nov‐09 20‐Nov‐09 14 0.5 401.60MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 6 20‐Nov‐09 4‐Dec‐09 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 7 4‐Dec‐09 18‐Dec‐09 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 8 18‐Dec‐09 1‐Jan‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 9 1‐Jan‐10 15‐Jan‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 10 15‐Jan‐10 29‐Jan‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 11 29‐Jan‐10 12‐Feb‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 12 12‐Feb‐10 26‐Feb‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 13 26‐Feb‐10 12‐Mar‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 14 12‐Mar‐10 26‐Mar‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 15 26‐Mar‐10 9‐Apr‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 16 9‐Apr‐10 23‐Apr‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 17 23‐Apr‐10 7‐May‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 18 7‐May‐10 21‐May‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 19 21‐May‐10 4‐Jun‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 20 4‐Jun‐10 18‐Jun‐10 14 0.5MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W 436 430 GOMEX M1 MC01 21 18‐Jun‐10 2‐Jul‐10 14 0.5

57
Site Lat (N) Long (W)

VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W

MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W

<1mm flux POC PIC H N Si‐bio Al Ba Ca

(mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d)

260.27 8.31 11.70 2.86 1.02 6.23 16.11 0.14 46.53586.50 21.74 28.43 6.52 2.68 16.30 31.83 0.32 109.13503.26 19.11 22.42 5.44 2.32 14.33 26.20 0.22 88.97945.79 34.83 38.85 10.58 4.27 26.13 57.27 0.45 152.27369.63 11.88 14.09 4.01 1.60 8.91 23.39 0.20 52.82158.74 13.09 7.82 2.87 1.55 9.82 4.61 0.09 32.88455.61 17.77 7.17 6.19 2.06 13.33 35.59 0.31 31.83

2326.27 59.22 40.54 26.56 7.37 44.41 184.51 1.40 161.591695.46 59.20 29.01 22.10 7.53 44.40 116.53 1.10 114.091168.61 40.60 26.29 14.72 5.02 30.45 76.97 0.67 91.91

187.01 9.55 2.91 2.86 1.20 7.16 12.50 0.10 11.05341.63 12.78 6.94 4.35 1.77 9.58 22.35 0.16 28.68532.01 19.91 14.94 6.78 2.50 14.93 34.33 0.26 59.80263.29 12.72 8.71 3.85 1.58 9.54 13.83 0.13 32.04196.00 13.82 5.93 3.56 1.57 10.36 9.49 0.12 28.64

77.39 9.12 1.78 2.38 1.18 6.84 1.68 0.15 14.1489.96 12.90 1.90 2.47 1.41 9.68 4.82 0.33 7.07

241.70 19.53 4.78 4.74 2.07 14.65 15.60 0.82 23.14155.21 7.97 5.42 2.21 0.95 5.97 9.34 0.21 20.03208.63 11.56 7.53 2.86 1.28 8.67 12.24 0.19 31.72264.83 19.18 8.22 4.46 1.85 14.39 15.49 0.28 31.94512.21 3.51 1.54 1.13 0.42 13.47 7.13 0.07 5.74830.51 2.97 1.38 1.08 0.36 18.47 7.26 0.07 5.27537.49 3.89 1.74 1.15 0.43 15.67 6.89 0.08 6.41

69.44 3.60 0.71 1.19 0.45 1.88 7.53 0.06 3.0357.37 3.73 1.04 1.11 0.46 1.61 6.36 0.08 4.39

58
Site Lat (N) Long (W)

VK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'WVK826 29°09.55'N 88°01.13'W

MC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'WMC751 28°11.64'N 89°47.90'W

Fe Mg Mn Si Sr Ti

(mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d) (mg/m2/d)

7.58 3.54 0.19 43.51 0.32 0.73

13.62 6.60 0.48 86.20 0.70 1.5012.06 5.60 0.37 74.42 0.56 1.2427.02 12.44 1.17 153.78 1.00 2.6810.76 5.05 0.25 61.63 0.39 1.01

2.21 1.95 0.16 17.12 0.24 0.20

16.34 6.35 0.60 101.36 0.28 1.5689.17 30.82 2.63 539.19 1.20 8.7054.54 18.86 2.00 405.55 0.88 5.1337.08 12.63 1.10 235.03 0.65 3.22

5.93 1.92 0.09 44.46 0.08 0.51

11.48 3.93 0.17 65.37 0.19 1.0216.22 6.77 0.50 106.66 0.44 1.41

7.16 3.47 0.27 49.62 0.24 0.614.58 2.77 0.20 34.48 0.21 0.430.79 2.02 0.05 4.82 0.18 0.062.28 0.94 0.17 13.88 0.05 0.197.82 3.19 0.67 50.79 0.19 0.644.02 1.82 0.28 25.71 0.14 0.385.88 2.69 0.36 32.69 0.22 0.577.54 3.12 0.59 45.12 0.22 0.673.72 1.14 0.35 22.50 0.04 0.323.80 1.17 0.32 21.92 0.03 0.353.21 0.98 0.29 21.75 0.05 0.303.89 0.97 0.32 25.80 0.02 0.313.25 0.91 0.27 24.65 0.02 0.26

59
 

APPENDIX B-2 CURRENT METER RECORDS 

60
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/9/2009 0:15:00 17.0 269 9.702

11/9/2009 0:45:00 18.5 267 9.584

11/9/2009 1:15:00 17.9 271 9.795

11/9/2009 1:45:00 15.8 271 9.795

11/9/2009 2:15:00 16.7 268 9.725

11/9/2009 2:45:00 15.5 270 9.584

11/9/2009 3:15:00 14.7 268 9.842

11/9/2009 3:45:00 12.9 271 9.912

11/9/2009 4:15:00 13.2 268 9.959

11/9/2009 4:45:00 12.3 264 9.819

11/9/2009 5:15:00 15.3 257 9.795

11/9/2009 5:45:00 9.7 252 9.584

11/9/2009 6:15:00 6.5 225 9.584

11/9/2009 6:45:00 5.0 201 9.655

11/9/2009 7:15:00 4.4 249 9.584

11/9/2009 7:45:00 8.8 248 9.655

11/9/2009 8:15:00 10.3 243 9.631

11/9/2009 8:45:00 14.4 243 9.772

11/9/2009 9:15:00 17.0 244 9.842

11/9/2009 9:45:00 16.7 236 9.748

11/9/2009 10:15:00 18.2 238 9.795

11/9/2009 10:45:00 20.2 244 9.608

11/9/2009 11:15:00 18.5 240 9.514

11/9/2009 11:45:00 21.1 242 9.538

11/9/2009 12:15:00 22.0 250 9.608

11/9/2009 12:45:00 22.9 250 9.584

11/9/2009 13:15:00 24.6 255 9.514

11/9/2009 13:45:00 24.3 256 9.584

11/9/2009 14:15:00 23.8 257 9.561

11/9/2009 14:45:00 23.2 262 9.561

11/9/2009 15:15:00 21.4 262 9.561

11/9/2009 15:45:00 22.3 257 9.561

11/9/2009 16:15:00 22.0 262 9.514

11/9/2009 16:45:00 22.0 264 9.584

11/9/2009 17:15:00 22.0 263 9.514

11/9/2009 17:45:00 20.2 265 9.491

11/9/2009 18:15:00 17.0 256 9.491

11/9/2009 18:45:00 9.7 245 9.421

11/9/2009 19:15:00 8.5 254 9.467

11/9/2009 19:45:00 13.5 264 9.491

11/9/2009 20:15:00 13.8 262 9.538

11/9/2009 20:45:00 15.8 259 9.538

11/9/2009 21:15:00 18.8 262 9.538

11/9/2009 21:45:00 19.1 258 9.561

11/9/2009 22:15:00 19.4 260 9.491

11/9/2009 22:45:00 17.0 258 9.491

11/9/2009 23:15:00 15.8 251 9.538

11/9/2009 23:45:00 15.3 248 9.538

61
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/9/2009 0:15:00 13.2 247 9.608

12/9/2009 0:45:00 14.4 245 9.702

12/9/2009 1:15:00 12.0 242 9.702

12/9/2009 1:45:00 12.0 240 9.819

12/9/2009 2:15:00 11.7 241 9.748

12/9/2009 2:45:00 10.9 239 9.842

12/9/2009 3:15:00 10.0 242 9.866

12/9/2009 3:45:00 10.6 229 9.936

12/9/2009 4:15:00 13.2 229 9.866

12/9/2009 4:45:00 12.9 230 9.889

12/9/2009 5:15:00 14.4 235 9.936

12/9/2009 5:45:00 13.5 236 9.936

12/9/2009 6:15:00 14.1 233 9.889

12/9/2009 6:45:00 17.0 239 10.030

12/9/2009 7:15:00 17.0 233 9.959

12/9/2009 7:45:00 17.9 232 9.772

12/9/2009 8:15:00 16.4 237 10.077

12/9/2009 8:45:00 17.3 233 9.912

12/9/2009 9:15:00 17.9 228 10.147

12/9/2009 9:45:00 19.9 233 9.702

12/9/2009 10:15:00 20.8 240 9.725

12/9/2009 10:45:00 22.0 242 9.959

12/9/2009 11:15:00 25.5 241 10.217

12/9/2009 11:45:00 25.8 245 10.241

12/9/2009 12:15:00 28.7 247 10.124

12/9/2009 12:45:00 29.9 247 10.124

12/9/2009 13:15:00 29.9 251 10.053

12/9/2009 13:45:00 28.7 253 9.983

12/9/2009 14:15:00 30.8 252 10.030

12/9/2009 14:45:00 29.6 254 9.795

12/9/2009 15:15:00 29.0 252 9.866

12/9/2009 15:45:00 28.7 255 9.748

12/9/2009 16:15:00 27.6 254 9.725

12/9/2009 16:45:00 27.3 253 9.678

12/9/2009 17:15:00 25.8 255 9.772

12/9/2009 17:45:00 25.5 256 9.748

12/9/2009 18:15:00 25.5 257 9.702

12/9/2009 18:45:00 24.3 256 9.772

12/9/2009 19:15:00 25.8 251 9.795

12/9/2009 19:45:00 25.5 253 9.748

12/9/2009 20:15:00 25.2 252 9.702

12/9/2009 20:45:00 24.9 253 9.725

12/9/2009 21:15:00 29.0 252 9.233

12/9/2009 21:45:00 27.6 255 8.906

12/9/2009 22:15:00 28.2 258 9.070

12/9/2009 22:45:00 28.5 256 9.140

12/9/2009 23:15:00 31.7 254 9.023

12/9/2009 23:45:00 30.8 259 8.883

62
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.13.2009 0:15:00 31.7 259 9.046

09.13.2009 0:45:00 29.9 255 8.906

09.13.2009 1:15:00 29.9 256 8.906

09.13.2009 1:45:00 30.2 255 8.789

09.13.2009 2:15:00 31.7 254 8.813

09.13.2009 2:45:00 31.7 254 8.789

09.13.2009 3:15:00 31.7 248 8.859

09.13.2009 3:45:00 28.7 254 8.719

09.13.2009 4:15:00 29.0 254 8.743

09.13.2009 4:45:00 28.2 254 8.696

09.13.2009 5:15:00 27.9 253 8.743

09.13.2009 5:45:00 28.7 251 8.719

09.13.2009 6:15:00 26.4 248 8.626

09.13.2009 6:45:00 25.5 246 8.673

09.13.2009 7:15:00 24.3 251 8.789

09.13.2009 7:45:00 22.0 247 8.696

09.13.2009 8:15:00 22.6 246 8.789

09.13.2009 8:45:00 21.4 248 8.883

09.13.2009 9:15:00 21.7 248 9.023

09.13.2009 9:45:00 18.5 251 9.046

09.13.2009 10:15:00 17.9 249 9.070

09.13.2009 10:45:00 18.5 245 9.140

09.13.2009 11:15:00 17.9 250 9.257

09.13.2009 11:45:00 19.9 252 9.257

09.13.2009 12:15:00 20.5 256 9.374

09.13.2009 12:45:00 19.9 255 9.280

09.13.2009 13:15:00 20.8 256 9.327

09.13.2009 13:45:00 21.1 259 9.280

09.13.2009 14:15:00 19.9 268 9.187

09.13.2009 14:45:00 20.8 262 9.187

09.13.2009 15:15:00 19.4 265 9.233

09.13.2009 15:45:00 17.0 261 9.187

09.13.2009 16:15:00 15.0 268 9.280

09.13.2009 16:45:00 13.8 272 9.538

09.13.2009 17:15:00 13.5 274 9.374

09.13.2009 17:45:00 11.7 271 9.163

09.13.2009 18:15:00 10.3 271 9.163

09.13.2009 18:45:00 9.4 266 9.187

09.13.2009 19:15:00 8.8 266 9.163

09.13.2009 19:45:00 6.2 261 9.163

09.13.2009 20:15:00 2.3 265 9.163

09.13.2009 20:45:00 2.3 226 9.140

09.13.2009 21:15:00 2.3 248 9.187

09.13.2009 21:45:00 2.9 243 9.233

09.13.2009 22:15:00 5.9 256 9.257

09.13.2009 22:45:00 7.6 259 9.233

09.13.2009 23:15:00 9.1 253 9.327

09.13.2009 23:45:00 11.4 251 9.444

63
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.14.2009 0:15:00 11.1 244 9.421

09.14.2009 0:45:00 11.4 247 9.631

09.14.2009 1:15:00 13.2 243 9.584

09.14.2009 1:45:00 12.3 249 9.561

09.14.2009 2:15:00 11.4 254 9.538

09.14.2009 2:45:00 12.9 247 9.514

09.14.2009 3:15:00 12.0 251 9.491

09.14.2009 3:45:00 11.7 251 9.421

09.14.2009 4:15:00 11.7 251 9.397

09.14.2009 4:45:00 14.7 249 9.467

09.14.2009 5:15:00 15.8 255 9.514

09.14.2009 5:45:00 16.4 258 9.467

09.14.2009 6:15:00 15.3 259 9.538

09.14.2009 6:45:00 15.8 265 9.584

09.14.2009 7:15:00 17.9 259 9.655

09.14.2009 7:45:00 18.2 258 9.467

09.14.2009 8:15:00 16.7 267 9.538

09.14.2009 8:45:00 17.6 261 9.725

09.14.2009 9:15:00 17.0 262 9.678

09.14.2009 9:45:00 18.8 261 9.725

09.14.2009 10:15:00 18.2 263 9.842

09.14.2009 10:45:00 17.9 265 9.842

09.14.2009 11:15:00 18.8 263 9.912

09.14.2009 11:45:00 18.2 261 9.936

09.14.2009 12:15:00 19.9 262 9.678

09.14.2009 12:45:00 19.1 264 9.561

09.14.2009 13:15:00 18.2 262 9.842

09.14.2009 13:45:00 19.7 267 9.702

09.14.2009 14:15:00 20.5 262 9.467

09.14.2009 14:45:00 19.9 263 9.350

09.14.2009 15:15:00 21.4 259 9.444

09.14.2009 15:45:00 22.0 260 9.678

09.14.2009 16:15:00 21.1 258 9.702

09.14.2009 16:45:00 20.8 261 9.819

09.14.2009 17:15:00 20.8 269 9.584

09.14.2009 17:45:00 22.9 263 9.421

09.14.2009 18:15:00 20.2 265 9.421

09.14.2009 18:45:00 22.0 264 9.421

09.14.2009 19:15:00 21.4 264 9.280

09.14.2009 19:45:00 22.0 264 9.187

09.14.2009 20:15:00 22.9 269 9.467

09.14.2009 20:45:00 22.9 269 9.444

09.14.2009 21:15:00 24.6 267 9.327

09.14.2009 21:45:00 24.3 268 9.257

09.14.2009 22:15:00 23.8 264 9.233

09.14.2009 22:45:00 24.1 266 9.397

09.14.2009 23:15:00 23.2 269 9.350

09.14.2009 23:45:00 21.7 264 9.046

64
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.15.2009 0:15:00 19.7 266 9.046

09.15.2009 0:45:00 18.5 258 9.187

09.15.2009 1:15:00 18.2 252 9.187

09.15.2009 1:45:00 17.3 251 9.023

09.15.2009 2:15:00 19.1 247 9.046

09.15.2009 2:45:00 15.0 244 9.093

09.15.2009 3:15:00 11.1 240 9.093

09.15.2009 3:45:00 9.1 230 9.140

09.15.2009 4:15:00 6.7 228 9.070

09.15.2009 4:45:00 7.0 237 9.187

09.15.2009 5:15:00 7.0 254 9.163

09.15.2009 5:45:00 11.4 254 9.187

09.15.2009 6:15:00 9.4 258 9.140

09.15.2009 6:45:00 8.5 263 9.187

09.15.2009 7:15:00 12.9 267 9.350

09.15.2009 7:45:00 16.1 268 9.584

09.15.2009 8:15:00 15.8 271 9.631

09.15.2009 8:45:00 17.0 267 9.772

09.15.2009 9:15:00 16.7 266 9.748

09.15.2009 9:45:00 18.2 266 9.795

09.15.2009 10:15:00 20.2 265 9.889

09.15.2009 10:45:00 21.1 267 9.983

09.15.2009 11:15:00 22.6 266 9.912

09.15.2009 11:45:00 22.6 267 9.889

09.15.2009 12:15:00 23.8 270 9.842

09.15.2009 12:45:00 22.9 270 9.678

09.15.2009 13:15:00 23.2 263 9.421

09.15.2009 13:45:00 21.1 250 9.304

09.15.2009 14:15:00 20.2 249 9.350

09.15.2009 14:45:00 21.1 242 9.374

09.15.2009 15:15:00 22.3 243 9.491

09.15.2009 15:45:00 23.2 245 9.538

09.15.2009 16:15:00 22.3 249 9.725

09.15.2009 16:45:00 22.3 253 9.819

09.15.2009 17:15:00 22.0 255 9.795

09.15.2009 17:45:00 22.6 255 9.912

09.15.2009 18:15:00 22.6 251 10.077

09.15.2009 18:45:00 20.5 259 10.194

09.15.2009 19:15:00 21.4 255 10.217

09.15.2009 19:45:00 20.2 262 10.217

09.15.2009 20:15:00 19.1 259 10.311

09.15.2009 20:45:00 18.5 259 10.335

09.15.2009 21:15:00 17.6 264 10.288

09.15.2009 21:45:00 18.2 266 10.241

09.15.2009 22:15:00 8.8 273 9.912

09.15.2009 22:45:00 3.2 171 9.795

09.15.2009 23:15:00 2.9 227 9.772

09.15.2009 23:45:00 5.9 229 9.772

65
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.16.2009 0:15:00 6.7 233 9.608

09.16.2009 0:45:00 9.7 249 9.983

09.16.2009 1:15:00 11.1 254 10.311

09.16.2009 1:45:00 13.8 259 10.194

09.16.2009 2:15:00 12.9 256 10.124

09.16.2009 2:45:00 13.2 268 10.100

09.16.2009 3:15:00 12.3 265 9.725

09.16.2009 3:45:00 12.9 257 9.912

09.16.2009 4:15:00 9.1 250 9.678

09.16.2009 4:45:00 11.1 260 10.053

09.16.2009 5:15:00 14.7 257 10.264

09.16.2009 5:45:00 16.1 256 10.217

09.16.2009 6:15:00 17.9 258 10.264

09.16.2009 6:45:00 17.3 265 10.217

09.16.2009 7:15:00 16.1 266 10.217

09.16.2009 7:45:00 16.7 266 10.217

09.16.2009 8:15:00 15.5 267 10.194

09.16.2009 8:45:00 16.7 269 10.077

09.16.2009 9:15:00 16.1 269 10.006

09.16.2009 9:45:00 14.1 266 10.147

09.16.2009 10:15:00 14.7 258 10.170

09.16.2009 10:45:00 13.2 264 10.077

09.16.2009 11:15:00 12.6 263 10.100

09.16.2009 11:45:00 12.3 263 9.936

09.16.2009 12:15:00 12.3 263 10.100

09.16.2009 12:45:00 13.5 261 10.077

09.16.2009 13:15:00 14.1 257 10.194

09.16.2009 13:45:00 13.5 254 10.077

09.16.2009 14:15:00 14.7 260 10.006

09.16.2009 14:45:00 15.5 261 9.983

09.16.2009 15:15:00 13.2 264 9.842

09.16.2009 15:45:00 13.8 260 9.959

09.16.2009 16:15:00 15.0 267 9.936

09.16.2009 16:45:00 16.4 264 9.959

09.16.2009 17:15:00 18.5 268 9.983

09.16.2009 17:45:00 19.7 263 9.983

09.16.2009 18:15:00 18.8 258 9.889

09.16.2009 18:45:00 18.8 253 9.959

09.16.2009 19:15:00 19.7 252 10.006

09.16.2009 19:45:00 20.8 254 9.983

09.16.2009 20:15:00 21.1 252 10.006

09.16.2009 20:45:00 20.2 259 9.983

09.16.2009 21:15:00 19.9 253 9.959

09.16.2009 21:45:00 19.9 255 9.959

09.16.2009 22:15:00 19.4 256 9.889

09.16.2009 22:45:00 19.4 262 9.912

09.16.2009 23:15:00 20.2 269 9.889

09.16.2009 23:45:00 20.2 279 9.889

66
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.17.2009 0:15:00 17.9 280 9.866

09.17.2009 0:45:00 17.6 281 9.842

09.17.2009 1:15:00 17.0 284 9.889

09.17.2009 1:45:00 13.8 290 9.819

09.17.2009 2:15:00 13.5 277 9.842

09.17.2009 2:45:00 11.7 265 9.795

09.17.2009 3:15:00 7.0 232 9.772

09.17.2009 3:45:00 9.1 214 9.795

09.17.2009 4:15:00 8.8 223 9.889

09.17.2009 4:45:00 8.5 235 9.912

09.17.2009 5:15:00 10.6 240 9.866

09.17.2009 5:45:00 10.9 239 9.842

09.17.2009 6:15:00 12.0 225 9.819

09.17.2009 6:45:00 13.5 226 9.772

09.17.2009 7:15:00 13.5 230 9.795

09.17.2009 7:45:00 12.6 223 9.842

09.17.2009 8:15:00 13.8 224 9.866

09.17.2009 8:45:00 15.3 233 10.030

09.17.2009 9:15:00 13.8 231 10.006

09.17.2009 9:45:00 14.4 229 10.006

09.17.2009 10:15:00 14.7 234 10.124

09.17.2009 10:45:00 15.8 234 10.170

09.17.2009 11:15:00 14.4 238 10.147

09.17.2009 11:45:00 14.4 235 10.194

09.17.2009 12:15:00 13.8 244 10.124

09.17.2009 12:45:00 14.1 246 10.170

09.17.2009 13:15:00 12.3 243 10.170

09.17.2009 13:45:00 10.6 240 10.053

09.17.2009 14:15:00 11.7 241 10.006

09.17.2009 14:45:00 14.7 239 10.241

09.17.2009 15:15:00 14.7 228 10.194

09.17.2009 15:45:00 15.0 226 10.311

09.17.2009 16:15:00 15.8 224 10.452

09.17.2009 16:45:00 16.4 223 10.452

09.17.2009 17:15:00 17.3 220 10.476

09.17.2009 17:45:00 18.5 220 10.499

09.17.2009 18:15:00 18.2 221 10.499

09.17.2009 18:45:00 19.7 213 10.405

09.17.2009 19:15:00 19.9 215 10.499

09.17.2009 19:45:00 20.8 219 10.570

09.17.2009 20:15:00 20.5 219 10.382

09.17.2009 20:45:00 20.2 218 10.241

09.17.2009 21:15:00 22.9 226 10.405

09.17.2009 21:45:00 23.5 232 10.499

09.17.2009 22:15:00 25.8 238 10.452

09.17.2009 22:45:00 26.4 243 10.476

09.17.2009 23:15:00 25.5 246 10.452

09.17.2009 23:45:00 26.4 251 9.584

67
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.18.2009 0:15:00 26.1 258 9.467

09.18.2009 0:45:00 27.9 260 9.514

09.18.2009 1:15:00 25.2 263 9.514

09.18.2009 1:45:00 27.6 262 9.514

09.18.2009 2:15:00 27.6 267 9.561

09.18.2009 2:45:00 26.1 272 9.491

09.18.2009 3:15:00 22.0 267 9.350

09.18.2009 3:45:00 18.8 260 9.304

09.18.2009 4:15:00 21.7 263 9.280

09.18.2009 4:45:00 27.6 262 9.304

09.18.2009 5:15:00 27.9 264 9.444

09.18.2009 5:45:00 28.7 265 9.444

09.18.2009 6:15:00 30.8 264 9.467

09.18.2009 6:45:00 28.2 263 9.421

09.18.2009 7:15:00 26.1 258 9.467

09.18.2009 7:45:00 24.9 255 9.538

09.18.2009 8:15:00 25.8 254 9.514

09.18.2009 8:45:00 24.6 249 9.538

09.18.2009 9:15:00 25.8 244 9.538

09.18.2009 9:45:00 26.7 249 9.538

09.18.2009 10:15:00 25.5 244 9.514

09.18.2009 10:45:00 25.8 249 9.561

09.18.2009 11:15:00 26.4 258 9.702

09.18.2009 11:45:00 25.5 262 9.584

09.18.2009 12:15:00 24.1 264 9.655

09.18.2009 12:45:00 24.3 267 9.631

09.18.2009 13:15:00 25.8 268 9.725

09.18.2009 13:45:00 24.6 274 9.702

09.18.2009 14:15:00 25.5 275 9.725

09.18.2009 14:45:00 26.1 274 9.772

09.18.2009 15:15:00 24.1 272 9.748

09.18.2009 15:45:00 19.9 269 9.725

09.18.2009 16:15:00 16.7 261 9.748

09.18.2009 16:45:00 10.3 271 9.795

09.18.2009 17:15:00 4.7 220 9.795

09.18.2009 17:45:00 6.2 137 9.866

09.18.2009 18:15:00 4.7 199 9.936

09.18.2009 18:45:00 10.3 198 9.819

09.18.2009 19:15:00 13.2 206 9.748

09.18.2009 19:45:00 12.9 211 9.702

09.18.2009 20:15:00 14.4 211 9.725

09.18.2009 20:45:00 15.3 215 9.772

09.18.2009 21:15:00 17.3 211 9.795

09.18.2009 21:45:00 17.9 217 9.842

09.18.2009 22:15:00 19.1 225 9.959

09.18.2009 22:45:00 20.5 229 10.006

09.18.2009 23:15:00 19.9 239 10.053

09.18.2009 23:45:00 20.5 246 10.100

68
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.19.2009 0:15:00 21.7 249 10.170

09.19.2009 0:45:00 22.6 253 10.147

09.19.2009 1:15:00 19.4 256 10.124

09.19.2009 1:45:00 17.3 257 10.030

09.19.2009 2:15:00 19.1 262 9.678

09.19.2009 2:45:00 18.8 268 9.748

09.19.2009 3:15:00 18.8 269 9.725

09.19.2009 3:45:00 17.0 274 9.795

09.19.2009 4:15:00 17.6 273 9.748

09.19.2009 4:45:00 19.1 279 9.748

09.19.2009 5:15:00 18.2 271 9.795

09.19.2009 5:45:00 17.9 265 9.678

09.19.2009 6:15:00 18.2 271 9.608

09.19.2009 6:45:00 19.4 268 9.748

09.19.2009 7:15:00 19.1 267 9.936

09.19.2009 7:45:00 21.4 264 10.006

09.19.2009 8:15:00 19.4 264 10.030

09.19.2009 8:45:00 17.9 263 10.170

09.19.2009 9:15:00 17.3 258 10.170

09.19.2009 9:45:00 16.7 259 10.053

09.19.2009 10:15:00 16.7 266 10.030

09.19.2009 10:45:00 14.7 260 10.030

09.19.2009 11:15:00 15.5 262 10.030

09.19.2009 11:45:00 16.4 261 10.030

09.19.2009 12:15:00 15.0 262 10.030

09.19.2009 12:45:00 14.1 263 10.053

09.19.2009 13:15:00 15.5 267 10.053

09.19.2009 13:45:00 14.1 269 10.030

09.19.2009 14:15:00 15.0 264 10.006

09.19.2009 14:45:00 14.4 270 9.983

09.19.2009 15:15:00 12.6 257 9.936

09.19.2009 15:45:00 13.8 255 9.936

09.19.2009 16:15:00 14.1 249 9.936

09.19.2009 16:45:00 15.5 250 9.936

09.19.2009 17:15:00 16.1 245 9.936

09.19.2009 17:45:00 13.8 249 9.912

09.19.2009 18:15:00 16.4 245 9.959

09.19.2009 18:45:00 17.6 248 10.124

09.19.2009 19:15:00 16.4 250 10.194

09.19.2009 19:45:00 16.1 247 10.170

09.19.2009 20:15:00 16.4 245 10.170

09.19.2009 20:45:00 20.5 246 10.077

09.19.2009 21:15:00 20.8 250 10.100

09.19.2009 21:45:00 22.9 250 10.170

09.19.2009 22:15:00 23.2 251 10.170

09.19.2009 22:45:00 23.5 252 10.194

09.19.2009 23:15:00 23.5 249 10.194

09.19.2009 23:45:00 22.6 250 10.217

69
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.20.2009 0:15:00 21.7 252 10.124

09.20.2009 0:45:00 22.3 250 9.983

09.20.2009 1:15:00 22.3 254 10.124

09.20.2009 1:45:00 23.8 258 10.030

09.20.2009 2:15:00 24.1 256 10.288

09.20.2009 2:45:00 24.1 260 10.288

09.20.2009 3:15:00 25.2 260 10.264

09.20.2009 3:45:00 24.6 259 10.241

09.20.2009 4:15:00 22.6 261 9.936

09.20.2009 4:45:00 23.5 263 10.170

09.20.2009 5:15:00 22.3 268 9.983

09.20.2009 5:45:00 21.1 269 10.100

09.20.2009 6:15:00 19.7 269 9.866

09.20.2009 6:45:00 16.1 265 9.748

09.20.2009 7:15:00 11.1 243 9.702

09.20.2009 7:45:00 11.4 245 9.678

09.20.2009 8:15:00 12.6 243 9.819

09.20.2009 8:45:00 12.6 255 10.170

09.20.2009 9:15:00 13.2 269 9.912

09.20.2009 9:45:00 14.4 265 9.936

09.20.2009 10:15:00 14.7 265 10.006

09.20.2009 10:45:00 14.7 264 10.030

09.20.2009 11:15:00 13.5 266 9.959

09.20.2009 11:45:00 12.9 268 9.936

09.20.2009 12:15:00 12.0 255 9.819

09.20.2009 12:45:00 16.1 256 9.678

09.20.2009 13:15:00 16.7 255 9.678

09.20.2009 13:45:00 18.5 251 9.631

09.20.2009 14:15:00 18.5 257 9.467

09.20.2009 14:45:00 18.2 255 9.748

09.20.2009 15:15:00 17.9 256 9.842

09.20.2009 15:45:00 17.6 261 9.748

09.20.2009 16:15:00 18.2 264 9.678

09.20.2009 16:45:00 15.5 260 9.514

09.20.2009 17:15:00 15.8 256 9.655

09.20.2009 17:45:00 16.1 260 9.514

09.20.2009 18:15:00 19.1 261 9.538

09.20.2009 18:45:00 18.5 264 9.561

09.20.2009 19:15:00 18.5 262 9.655

09.20.2009 19:45:00 20.5 267 9.748

09.20.2009 20:15:00 20.2 268 9.702

09.20.2009 20:45:00 20.8 265 9.866

09.20.2009 21:15:00 20.5 261 9.889

09.20.2009 21:45:00 22.3 259 9.889

09.20.2009 22:15:00 22.9 259 9.912

09.20.2009 22:45:00 22.0 262 9.936

09.20.2009 23:15:00 22.6 262 9.912

09.20.2009 23:45:00 21.7 263 9.889

70
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.21.2009 0:15:00 19.7 262 9.725

09.21.2009 0:45:00 19.7 268 9.889

09.21.2009 1:15:00 19.9 261 9.725

09.21.2009 1:45:00 18.8 260 9.748

09.21.2009 2:15:00 19.9 258 9.795

09.21.2009 2:45:00 19.7 266 9.772

09.21.2009 3:15:00 20.5 267 9.748

09.21.2009 3:45:00 20.8 264 9.795

09.21.2009 4:15:00 19.9 269 9.772

09.21.2009 4:45:00 19.9 269 9.819

09.21.2009 5:15:00 21.7 268 9.819

09.21.2009 5:45:00 20.2 266 9.795

09.21.2009 6:15:00 18.8 270 9.842

09.21.2009 6:45:00 18.5 269 9.866

09.21.2009 7:15:00 17.3 259 9.795

09.21.2009 7:45:00 13.8 265 9.725

09.21.2009 8:15:00 18.2 259 9.678

09.21.2009 8:45:00 19.9 263 9.772

09.21.2009 9:15:00 23.2 267 9.819

09.21.2009 9:45:00 24.9 267 9.772

09.21.2009 10:15:00 25.8 265 9.959

09.21.2009 10:45:00 25.2 268 9.936

09.21.2009 11:15:00 24.3 268 9.936

09.21.2009 11:45:00 20.8 270 9.983

09.21.2009 12:15:00 19.9 261 9.912

09.21.2009 12:45:00 20.8 257 9.772

09.21.2009 13:15:00 22.3 256 9.748

09.21.2009 13:45:00 23.2 262 9.889

09.21.2009 14:15:00 24.1 264 9.702

09.21.2009 14:45:00 23.5 261 9.725

09.21.2009 15:15:00 22.9 257 9.678

09.21.2009 15:45:00 24.3 254 9.725

09.21.2009 16:15:00 24.6 255 9.725

09.21.2009 16:45:00 25.8 252 9.748

09.21.2009 17:15:00 24.6 251 9.725

09.21.2009 17:45:00 24.3 251 9.702

09.21.2009 18:15:00 26.4 244 9.702

09.21.2009 18:45:00 27.6 243 9.702

09.21.2009 19:15:00 26.4 247 9.702

09.21.2009 19:45:00 26.4 249 9.725

09.21.2009 20:15:00 26.4 253 9.725

09.21.2009 20:45:00 28.5 253 9.702

09.21.2009 21:15:00 29.3 252 9.678

09.21.2009 21:45:00 27.3 251 9.725

09.21.2009 22:15:00 29.0 251 9.725

09.21.2009 22:45:00 27.9 253 9.795

09.21.2009 23:15:00 27.3 255 9.819

09.21.2009 23:45:00 26.1 254 9.866

71
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.22.2009 0:15:00 23.5 256 9.912

09.22.2009 0:45:00 24.1 254 9.912

09.22.2009 1:15:00 24.3 255 10.030

09.22.2009 1:45:00 22.0 253 9.959

09.22.2009 2:15:00 21.1 255 9.983

09.22.2009 2:45:00 23.8 252 10.053

09.22.2009 3:15:00 23.5 252 10.124

09.22.2009 3:45:00 20.5 254 10.124

09.22.2009 4:15:00 18.2 255 10.194

09.22.2009 4:45:00 19.7 256 10.194

09.22.2009 5:15:00 21.4 249 10.264

09.22.2009 5:45:00 20.5 256 10.288

09.22.2009 6:15:00 19.4 257 10.311

09.22.2009 6:45:00 17.0 257 10.311

09.22.2009 7:15:00 17.6 255 10.311

09.22.2009 7:45:00 17.0 250 10.358

09.22.2009 8:15:00 18.2 255 10.382

09.22.2009 8:45:00 17.6 262 10.358

09.22.2009 9:15:00 17.3 257 10.382

09.22.2009 9:45:00 19.7 257 10.217

09.22.2009 10:15:00 18.2 257 10.264

09.22.2009 10:45:00 18.8 258 10.311

09.22.2009 11:15:00 18.5 259 10.335

09.22.2009 11:45:00 17.0 259 10.241

09.22.2009 12:15:00 15.3 258 10.288

09.22.2009 12:45:00 14.7 257 10.311

09.22.2009 13:15:00 14.7 256 10.264

09.22.2009 13:45:00 16.7 259 10.358

09.22.2009 14:15:00 17.3 261 10.241

09.22.2009 14:45:00 17.6 253 10.358

09.22.2009 15:15:00 19.4 252 10.429

09.22.2009 15:45:00 18.5 255 10.405

09.22.2009 16:15:00 16.1 254 10.382

09.22.2009 16:45:00 22.0 256 10.335

09.22.2009 17:15:00 19.9 259 10.382

09.22.2009 17:45:00 21.1 256 10.311

09.22.2009 18:15:00 20.5 257 10.546

09.22.2009 18:45:00 19.7 263 10.570

09.22.2009 19:15:00 18.8 260 10.546

09.22.2009 19:45:00 17.0 267 10.382

09.22.2009 20:15:00 16.4 272 10.241

09.22.2009 20:45:00 15.0 268 10.077

09.22.2009 21:15:00 15.5 274 10.006

09.22.2009 21:45:00 15.0 274 9.912

09.22.2009 22:15:00 12.6 270 9.866

09.22.2009 22:45:00 11.4 264 9.983

09.22.2009 23:15:00 12.9 273 10.030

09.22.2009 23:45:00 15.8 279 10.053

72
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.23.2009 0:15:00 15.8 284 10.006

09.23.2009 0:45:00 14.4 279 10.006

09.23.2009 1:15:00 16.1 276 10.077

09.23.2009 1:45:00 17.3 268 10.124

09.23.2009 2:15:00 15.8 270 10.100

09.23.2009 2:45:00 14.4 270 10.077

09.23.2009 3:15:00 12.3 270 10.077

09.23.2009 3:45:00 11.1 272 10.053

09.23.2009 4:15:00 12.0 271 10.030

09.23.2009 4:45:00 13.2 266 10.077

09.23.2009 5:15:00 13.5 267 10.053

09.23.2009 5:45:00 12.9 266 10.124

09.23.2009 6:15:00 12.9 271 10.077

09.23.2009 6:45:00 11.7 275 10.077

09.23.2009 7:15:00 10.6 268 10.077

09.23.2009 7:45:00 11.1 267 10.100

09.23.2009 8:15:00 10.9 268 10.100

09.23.2009 8:45:00 9.7 264 10.077

09.23.2009 9:15:00 10.6 265 10.124

09.23.2009 9:45:00 8.5 281 10.124

09.23.2009 10:15:00 9.1 268 10.147

09.23.2009 10:45:00 9.7 274 10.429

09.23.2009 11:15:00 9.4 262 10.194

09.23.2009 11:45:00 11.7 263 10.570

09.23.2009 12:15:00 11.4 262 10.687

09.23.2009 12:45:00 10.9 262 10.664

09.23.2009 13:15:00 10.9 257 10.617

09.23.2009 13:45:00 12.6 250 10.734

09.23.2009 14:15:00 12.9 243 10.805

09.23.2009 14:45:00 13.5 246 10.711

09.23.2009 15:15:00 15.5 245 10.617

09.23.2009 15:45:00 13.8 242 10.876

09.23.2009 16:15:00 16.7 237 10.899

09.23.2009 16:45:00 13.2 238 10.734

09.23.2009 17:15:00 13.5 243 10.970

09.23.2009 17:45:00 15.3 243 11.017

09.23.2009 18:15:00 16.4 241 11.017

09.23.2009 18:45:00 16.4 244 10.970

09.23.2009 19:15:00 16.4 244 11.017

09.23.2009 19:45:00 14.4 249 10.852

09.23.2009 20:15:00 15.3 249 10.852

09.23.2009 20:45:00 15.8 249 10.734

09.23.2009 21:15:00 14.7 247 10.970

09.23.2009 21:45:00 15.0 246 10.711

09.23.2009 22:15:00 18.2 247 11.111

09.23.2009 22:45:00 17.9 247 10.993

09.23.2009 23:15:00 14.1 244 10.805

09.23.2009 23:45:00 6.2 231 10.640

73
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.24.2009 0:15:00 7.3 215 10.523

09.24.2009 0:45:00 7.0 224 10.476

09.24.2009 1:15:00 6.2 213 10.499

09.24.2009 1:45:00 7.9 215 10.170

09.24.2009 2:15:00 11.7 233 10.100

09.24.2009 2:45:00 12.3 244 10.288

09.24.2009 3:15:00 13.2 259 9.983

09.24.2009 3:45:00 10.6 260 9.678

09.24.2009 4:15:00 11.1 241 9.702

09.24.2009 4:45:00 13.5 245 9.889

09.24.2009 5:15:00 17.3 248 9.936

09.24.2009 5:45:00 17.9 257 9.936

09.24.2009 6:15:00 21.1 261 10.100

09.24.2009 6:45:00 24.6 259 9.936

09.24.2009 7:15:00 24.9 256 10.030

09.24.2009 7:45:00 23.5 259 10.030

09.24.2009 8:15:00 26.7 256 10.170

09.24.2009 8:45:00 30.2 257 10.241

09.24.2009 9:15:00 30.8 253 10.217

09.24.2009 9:45:00 31.7 252 10.124

09.24.2009 10:15:00 30.5 254 10.194

09.24.2009 10:45:00 31.4 253 10.264

09.24.2009 11:15:00 30.5 254 10.100

09.24.2009 11:45:00 30.2 254 10.124

09.24.2009 12:15:00 30.8 258 10.147

09.24.2009 12:45:00 30.5 256 10.288

09.24.2009 13:15:00 30.8 258 10.077

09.24.2009 13:45:00 28.7 255 10.241

09.24.2009 14:15:00 28.5 256 10.382

09.24.2009 14:45:00 26.7 258 10.124

09.24.2009 15:15:00 27.3 260 10.264

09.24.2009 15:45:00 28.2 258 10.194

09.24.2009 16:15:00 27.0 257 10.217

09.24.2009 16:45:00 27.9 254 10.264

09.24.2009 17:15:00 27.6 252 10.217

09.24.2009 17:45:00 26.4 252 10.217

09.24.2009 18:15:00 24.9 252 10.217

09.24.2009 18:45:00 25.8 249 10.288

09.24.2009 19:15:00 27.9 251 10.382

09.24.2009 19:45:00 27.3 253 10.405

09.24.2009 20:15:00 29.3 250 10.405

09.24.2009 20:45:00 28.2 255 10.405

09.24.2009 21:15:00 26.4 255 10.405

09.24.2009 21:45:00 26.1 256 10.405

09.24.2009 22:15:00 24.1 256 10.382

09.24.2009 22:45:00 23.2 256 10.429

09.24.2009 23:15:00 25.5 259 10.452

09.24.2009 23:45:00 23.5 261 10.452

74
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.25.2009 0:15:00 23.2 261 10.523

09.25.2009 0:45:00 21.4 263 10.593

09.25.2009 1:15:00 21.7 262 10.523

09.25.2009 1:45:00 19.9 266 10.687

09.25.2009 2:15:00 18.5 265 10.546

09.25.2009 2:45:00 18.5 263 10.523

09.25.2009 3:15:00 17.9 261 10.687

09.25.2009 3:45:00 17.9 257 10.499

09.25.2009 4:15:00 15.5 260 10.593

09.25.2009 4:45:00 15.3 260 10.570

09.25.2009 5:15:00 12.9 262 10.452

09.25.2009 5:45:00 15.3 257 10.499

09.25.2009 6:15:00 15.5 256 10.593

09.25.2009 6:45:00 16.7 254 10.429

09.25.2009 7:15:00 19.9 257 10.429

09.25.2009 7:45:00 17.0 263 10.546

09.25.2009 8:15:00 17.3 258 10.499

09.25.2009 8:45:00 16.7 260 10.476

09.25.2009 9:15:00 17.3 261 10.570

09.25.2009 9:45:00 18.8 258 10.452

09.25.2009 10:15:00 22.0 259 10.617

09.25.2009 10:45:00 21.4 261 10.476

09.25.2009 11:15:00 22.6 262 10.499

09.25.2009 11:45:00 21.7 258 10.217

09.25.2009 12:15:00 21.4 262 10.523

09.25.2009 12:45:00 20.5 263 10.264

09.25.2009 13:15:00 20.5 264 10.335

09.25.2009 13:45:00 21.7 265 10.241

09.25.2009 14:15:00 22.0 261 10.358

09.25.2009 14:45:00 21.7 258 10.311

09.25.2009 15:15:00 20.5 259 10.288

09.25.2009 15:45:00 19.9 256 10.405

09.25.2009 16:15:00 20.2 252 10.429

09.25.2009 16:45:00 19.4 250 10.429

09.25.2009 17:15:00 20.8 248 10.405

09.25.2009 17:45:00 20.8 247 10.405

09.25.2009 18:15:00 22.3 248 10.358

09.25.2009 18:45:00 20.8 251 10.311

09.25.2009 19:15:00 22.6 248 10.311

09.25.2009 19:45:00 21.7 255 10.358

09.25.2009 20:15:00 22.0 250 10.288

09.25.2009 20:45:00 21.4 251 10.335

09.25.2009 21:15:00 22.0 254 10.170

09.25.2009 21:45:00 20.8 256 10.264

09.25.2009 22:15:00 21.1 254 9.936

09.25.2009 22:45:00 21.7 256 9.983

09.25.2009 23:15:00 22.0 258 9.912

09.25.2009 23:45:00 21.7 253 9.725

75
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.26.2009 0:15:00 22.6 256 9.655

09.26.2009 0:45:00 21.7 254 9.678

09.26.2009 1:15:00 22.0 252 9.748

09.26.2009 1:45:00 22.0 256 9.655

09.26.2009 2:15:00 22.6 255 9.655

09.26.2009 2:45:00 23.8 256 9.702

09.26.2009 3:15:00 24.3 255 9.866

09.26.2009 3:45:00 24.6 253 9.702

09.26.2009 4:15:00 24.3 253 9.702

09.26.2009 4:45:00 25.8 254 9.772

09.26.2009 5:15:00 26.7 256 9.702

09.26.2009 5:45:00 25.5 257 9.842

09.26.2009 6:15:00 25.5 257 9.748

09.26.2009 6:45:00 24.6 258 9.725

09.26.2009 7:15:00 25.8 257 9.678

09.26.2009 7:45:00 24.6 253 9.678

09.26.2009 8:15:00 27.3 252 9.702

09.26.2009 8:45:00 25.8 254 9.678

09.26.2009 9:15:00 27.6 259 9.795

09.26.2009 9:45:00 28.5 259 9.748

09.26.2009 10:15:00 27.3 256 9.702

09.26.2009 10:45:00 28.5 256 9.561

09.26.2009 11:15:00 28.5 256 9.561

09.26.2009 11:45:00 28.2 255 9.631

09.26.2009 12:15:00 29.0 255 9.655

09.26.2009 12:45:00 31.1 255 9.702

09.26.2009 13:15:00 28.5 256 9.725

09.26.2009 13:45:00 27.9 254 9.561

09.26.2009 14:15:00 25.8 254 9.514

09.26.2009 14:45:00 23.2 257 9.561

09.26.2009 15:15:00 22.6 255 9.584

09.26.2009 15:45:00 22.6 260 9.725

09.26.2009 16:15:00 21.7 261 9.584

09.26.2009 16:45:00 21.1 265 9.678

09.26.2009 17:15:00 20.5 263 9.608

09.26.2009 17:45:00 19.4 259 9.631

09.26.2009 18:15:00 19.7 263 9.631

09.26.2009 18:45:00 19.9 267 9.655

09.26.2009 19:15:00 18.8 265 9.725

09.26.2009 19:45:00 19.4 267 9.631

09.26.2009 20:15:00 19.4 262 9.748

09.26.2009 20:45:00 19.4 261 9.795

09.26.2009 21:15:00 19.7 259 9.866

09.26.2009 21:45:00 18.5 262 9.889

09.26.2009 22:15:00 16.4 263 9.772

09.26.2009 22:45:00 17.6 262 9.725

09.26.2009 23:15:00 16.7 262 9.631

09.26.2009 23:45:00 14.1 265 9.608

76
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.27.2009 0:15:00 13.8 264 9.584

09.27.2009 0:45:00 12.9 260 9.491

09.27.2009 1:15:00 14.7 260 9.491

09.27.2009 1:45:00 17.3 256 9.491

09.27.2009 2:15:00 19.1 252 9.491

09.27.2009 2:45:00 19.1 255 9.491

09.27.2009 3:15:00 20.5 254 9.514

09.27.2009 3:45:00 21.1 251 9.491

09.27.2009 4:15:00 22.0 250 9.444

09.27.2009 4:45:00 23.5 251 9.467

09.27.2009 5:15:00 22.9 253 9.538

09.27.2009 5:45:00 23.5 255 9.561

09.27.2009 6:15:00 22.9 257 9.538

09.27.2009 6:45:00 22.3 258 9.467

09.27.2009 7:15:00 21.4 257 9.491

09.27.2009 7:45:00 22.3 259 9.538

09.27.2009 8:15:00 22.3 262 9.561

09.27.2009 8:45:00 21.7 261 9.514

09.27.2009 9:15:00 18.2 265 9.514

09.27.2009 9:45:00 17.9 267 9.514

09.27.2009 10:15:00 17.0 267 9.491

09.27.2009 10:45:00 15.8 263 9.514

09.27.2009 11:15:00 15.0 254 9.608

09.27.2009 11:45:00 15.3 259 9.561

09.27.2009 12:15:00 14.7 259 9.584

09.27.2009 12:45:00 15.0 263 9.608

09.27.2009 13:15:00 13.5 264 9.655

09.27.2009 13:45:00 14.7 266 9.678

09.27.2009 14:15:00 13.8 270 9.631

09.27.2009 14:45:00 12.0 276 9.702

09.27.2009 15:15:00 12.6 267 9.584

09.27.2009 15:45:00 10.9 270 9.608

09.27.2009 16:15:00 9.1 259 9.631

09.27.2009 16:45:00 8.8 267 9.678

09.27.2009 17:15:00 9.1 276 9.631

09.27.2009 17:45:00 10.0 282 9.655

09.27.2009 18:15:00 13.8 295 9.631

09.27.2009 18:45:00 12.9 288 9.725

09.27.2009 19:15:00 14.4 282 9.725

09.27.2009 19:45:00 13.2 283 9.725

09.27.2009 20:15:00 10.9 273 9.725

09.27.2009 20:45:00 10.3 279 9.772

09.27.2009 21:15:00 9.4 269 9.772

09.27.2009 21:45:00 7.0 262 9.748

09.27.2009 22:15:00 5.6 263 9.748

09.27.2009 22:45:00 3.5 274 9.702

09.27.2009 23:15:00 3.8 289 9.748

09.27.2009 23:45:00 4.4 269 9.912

77
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.28.2009 0:15:00 7.0 278 9.842

09.28.2009 0:45:00 4.7 275 9.772

09.28.2009 1:15:00 2.9 297 9.748

09.28.2009 1:45:00 4.1 236 9.795

09.28.2009 2:15:00 3.5 216 9.748

09.28.2009 2:45:00 7.6 247 9.983

09.28.2009 3:15:00 9.1 248 10.006

09.28.2009 3:45:00 9.4 248 10.006

09.28.2009 4:15:00 8.5 241 10.006

09.28.2009 4:45:00 8.5 234 10.030

09.28.2009 5:15:00 9.7 229 9.983

09.28.2009 5:45:00 6.7 228 10.006

09.28.2009 6:15:00 9.7 237 10.030

09.28.2009 6:45:00 8.8 228 9.959

09.28.2009 7:15:00 7.9 225 10.147

09.28.2009 7:45:00 6.5 220 9.959

09.28.2009 8:15:00 2.6 226 9.912

09.28.2009 8:45:00 4.4 220 9.959

09.28.2009 9:15:00 5.3 206 9.842

09.28.2009 9:45:00 3.8 187 9.748

09.28.2009 10:15:00 1.2 144 9.561

09.28.2009 10:45:00 2.1 194 9.538

09.28.2009 11:15:00 3.5 155 9.561

09.28.2009 11:45:00 2.3 170 9.608

09.28.2009 12:15:00 3.5 217 9.514

09.28.2009 12:45:00 7.6 226 9.725

09.28.2009 13:15:00 8.8 238 9.772

09.28.2009 13:45:00 10.0 251 9.608

09.28.2009 14:15:00 12.9 269 9.795

09.28.2009 14:45:00 8.8 273 9.725

09.28.2009 15:15:00 8.2 271 9.608

09.28.2009 15:45:00 11.7 266 9.608

09.28.2009 16:15:00 12.0 259 9.608

09.28.2009 16:45:00 14.1 265 9.491

09.28.2009 17:15:00 12.9 265 9.608

09.28.2009 17:45:00 10.6 276 9.772

09.28.2009 18:15:00 12.0 257 9.561

09.28.2009 18:45:00 12.0 267 9.561

09.28.2009 19:15:00 13.2 281 9.538

09.28.2009 19:45:00 13.5 271 9.538

09.28.2009 20:15:00 12.0 272 9.772

09.28.2009 20:45:00 11.1 273 9.842

09.28.2009 21:15:00 10.6 284 9.842

09.28.2009 21:45:00 8.2 280 9.842

09.28.2009 22:15:00 11.1 275 9.491

09.28.2009 22:45:00 8.8 270 9.631

09.28.2009 23:15:00 10.0 266 9.304

09.28.2009 23:45:00 9.1 267 9.584

78
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.29.2009 0:15:00 9.1 268 9.397

09.29.2009 0:45:00 10.3 273 9.678

09.29.2009 1:15:00 8.8 264 9.304

09.29.2009 1:45:00 9.4 269 9.350

09.29.2009 2:15:00 9.1 263 9.374

09.29.2009 2:45:00 9.1 270 9.327

09.29.2009 3:15:00 10.9 257 9.257

09.29.2009 3:45:00 11.7 256 9.514

09.29.2009 4:15:00 12.0 267 9.561

09.29.2009 4:45:00 11.4 262 9.655

09.29.2009 5:15:00 12.0 264 9.702

09.29.2009 5:45:00 13.5 269 9.702

09.29.2009 6:15:00 12.9 271 9.561

09.29.2009 6:45:00 12.3 275 9.491

09.29.2009 7:15:00 11.7 270 9.304

09.29.2009 7:45:00 5.6 258 9.280

09.29.2009 8:15:00 6.2 250 9.304

09.29.2009 8:45:00 11.7 259 9.467

09.29.2009 9:15:00 12.9 262 9.655

09.29.2009 9:45:00 12.3 262 9.444

09.29.2009 10:15:00 13.8 268 9.397

09.29.2009 10:45:00 15.3 269 9.584

09.29.2009 11:15:00 15.8 265 9.491

09.29.2009 11:45:00 16.1 270 9.655

09.29.2009 12:15:00 15.8 272 9.514

09.29.2009 12:45:00 13.2 272 9.350

09.29.2009 13:15:00 4.4 268 9.350

09.29.2009 13:45:00 0.9 083 9.327

09.29.2009 14:15:00 1.5 212 9.444

09.29.2009 14:45:00 3.8 275 9.421

09.29.2009 15:15:00 3.5 219 9.350

09.29.2009 15:45:00 7.0 243 9.280

09.29.2009 16:15:00 7.3 252 9.350

09.29.2009 16:45:00 9.7 267 9.397

09.29.2009 17:15:00 10.0 279 9.514

09.29.2009 17:45:00 13.8 281 9.655

09.29.2009 18:15:00 13.8 285 9.491

09.29.2009 18:45:00 12.3 285 9.538

09.29.2009 19:15:00 13.8 286 9.467

09.29.2009 19:45:00 11.1 285 9.444

09.29.2009 20:15:00 10.9 295 9.514

09.29.2009 20:45:00 11.7 300 9.608

09.29.2009 21:15:00 10.9 306 9.514

09.29.2009 21:45:00 11.1 300 9.467

09.29.2009 22:15:00 12.0 299 9.444

09.29.2009 22:45:00 11.1 293 9.561

09.29.2009 23:15:00 10.6 287 9.655

09.29.2009 23:45:00 10.0 291 9.631

79
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

09.30.2009 0:15:00 5.0 332 9.421

09.30.2009 0:45:00 0.9 271 9.280

09.30.2009 1:15:00 1.5 253 9.187

09.30.2009 1:45:00 1.5 221 9.187

09.30.2009 2:15:00 4.1 255 9.187

09.30.2009 2:45:00 6.7 270 9.163

09.30.2009 3:15:00 5.9 290 9.163

09.30.2009 3:45:00 10.9 259 9.538

09.30.2009 4:15:00 11.7 261 9.608

09.30.2009 4:45:00 12.3 266 9.608

09.30.2009 5:15:00 9.7 269 9.561

09.30.2009 5:45:00 8.2 282 9.421

09.30.2009 6:15:00 7.9 272 9.444

09.30.2009 6:45:00 6.5 268 9.350

09.30.2009 7:15:00 5.0 275 9.374

09.30.2009 7:45:00 3.8 286 9.374

09.30.2009 8:15:00 2.1 273 9.374

09.30.2009 8:45:00 2.9 241 9.421

09.30.2009 9:15:00 1.5 291 9.538

09.30.2009 9:45:00 0.6 075 9.444

09.30.2009 10:15:00 2.3 211 9.467

09.30.2009 10:45:00 3.2 207 9.327

09.30.2009 11:15:00 5.0 219 9.444

09.30.2009 11:45:00 2.1 261 9.444

09.30.2009 12:15:00 3.8 256 9.444

09.30.2009 12:45:00 2.1 277 9.421

09.30.2009 13:15:00 1.8 269 9.421

09.30.2009 13:45:00 1.8 312 9.374

09.30.2009 14:15:00 2.1 344 9.304

09.30.2009 14:45:00 1.8 241 9.374

09.30.2009 15:15:00 2.6 295 9.350

09.30.2009 15:45:00 5.9 274 9.374

09.30.2009 16:15:00 5.3 272 9.397

09.30.2009 16:45:00 5.6 290 9.350

09.30.2009 17:15:00 6.2 270 9.327

09.30.2009 17:45:00 4.4 262 9.327

09.30.2009 18:15:00 6.7 265 9.514

09.30.2009 18:45:00 7.0 273 9.678

09.30.2009 19:15:00 7.6 271 9.702

09.30.2009 19:45:00 7.0 261 9.725

09.30.2009 20:15:00 7.0 262 9.725

09.30.2009 20:45:00 8.2 266 9.748

09.30.2009 21:15:00 7.3 285 9.608

09.30.2009 21:45:00 9.7 303 9.514

09.30.2009 22:15:00 9.1 298 9.467

09.30.2009 22:45:00 7.3 289 9.702

09.30.2009 23:15:00 6.7 280 10.030

09.30.2009 23:45:00 6.5 291 9.842

80
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/10/2009 0:15:00 3.8 264 9.397

1/10/2009 0:45:00 2.9 210 9.467

1/10/2009 1:15:00 3.8 223 9.561

1/10/2009 1:45:00 5.3 261 9.772

1/10/2009 2:15:00 5.3 293 9.819

1/10/2009 2:45:00 4.7 306 9.655

1/10/2009 3:15:00 4.1 255 9.631

1/10/2009 3:45:00 1.8 258 9.608

1/10/2009 4:15:00 1.8 261 9.608

1/10/2009 4:45:00 2.9 227 9.631

1/10/2009 5:15:00 7.3 232 9.678

1/10/2009 5:45:00 8.5 229 9.795

1/10/2009 6:15:00 9.4 236 9.912

1/10/2009 6:45:00 8.5 235 10.077

1/10/2009 7:15:00 7.6 246 9.936

1/10/2009 7:45:00 5.6 259 9.725

1/10/2009 8:15:00 8.2 268 9.866

1/10/2009 8:45:00 9.4 258 9.819

1/10/2009 9:15:00 10.3 267 9.936

1/10/2009 9:45:00 9.1 263 9.983

1/10/2009 10:15:00 10.0 269 10.194

1/10/2009 10:45:00 9.7 239 10.124

1/10/2009 11:15:00 9.7 226 10.077

1/10/2009 11:45:00 9.1 232 10.194

1/10/2009 12:15:00 10.0 240 10.053

1/10/2009 12:45:00 7.0 243 9.983

1/10/2009 13:15:00 8.8 245 10.217

1/10/2009 13:45:00 8.2 253 9.936

1/10/2009 14:15:00 8.5 265 9.725

1/10/2009 14:45:00 5.6 272 9.538

1/10/2009 15:15:00 2.3 243 9.608

1/10/2009 15:45:00 7.9 254 9.608

1/10/2009 16:15:00 7.9 250 9.959

1/10/2009 16:45:00 8.2 263 10.006

1/10/2009 17:15:00 8.8 291 9.983

1/10/2009 17:45:00 8.2 279 9.631

1/10/2009 18:15:00 10.0 277 9.702

1/10/2009 18:45:00 11.1 275 9.866

1/10/2009 19:15:00 10.0 278 9.936

1/10/2009 19:45:00 10.0 276 10.006

1/10/2009 20:15:00 10.0 280 9.936

1/10/2009 20:45:00 9.4 295 9.866

1/10/2009 21:15:00 10.3 304 9.842

1/10/2009 21:45:00 10.3 299 9.772

1/10/2009 22:15:00 9.1 304 9.772

1/10/2009 22:45:00 9.1 306 9.608

1/10/2009 23:15:00 5.9 284 9.444

1/10/2009 23:45:00 7.0 278 9.514

81
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/10/2009 0:15:00 8.8 274 9.819

2/10/2009 0:45:00 8.8 254 9.561

2/10/2009 1:15:00 9.1 271 9.561

2/10/2009 1:45:00 7.6 261 9.795

2/10/2009 2:15:00 7.0 242 9.889

2/10/2009 2:45:00 6.2 233 9.889

2/10/2009 3:15:00 5.3 253 9.702

2/10/2009 3:45:00 5.0 242 9.702

2/10/2009 4:15:00 2.3 258 9.655

2/10/2009 4:45:00 7.0 264 9.678

2/10/2009 5:15:00 9.4 287 9.678

2/10/2009 5:45:00 7.9 276 9.702

2/10/2009 6:15:00 7.9 276 9.748

2/10/2009 6:45:00 7.6 262 9.866

2/10/2009 7:15:00 7.6 248 9.983

2/10/2009 7:45:00 3.5 219 9.678

2/10/2009 8:15:00 0.6 182 9.655

2/10/2009 8:45:00 3.2 205 9.702

2/10/2009 9:15:00 2.6 243 9.678

2/10/2009 9:45:00 5.0 272 9.748

2/10/2009 10:15:00 1.8 271 9.678

2/10/2009 10:45:00 2.6 299 9.655

2/10/2009 11:15:00 3.8 291 9.561

2/10/2009 11:45:00 5.0 270 9.538

2/10/2009 12:15:00 5.0 265 9.514

2/10/2009 12:45:00 5.6 255 9.514

2/10/2009 13:15:00 9.1 252 9.538

2/10/2009 13:45:00 10.0 258 9.561

2/10/2009 14:15:00 9.7 254 9.561

2/10/2009 14:45:00 11.1 272 9.561

2/10/2009 15:15:00 9.7 271 9.538

2/10/2009 15:45:00 11.4 274 9.467

2/10/2009 16:15:00 10.3 276 9.655

2/10/2009 16:45:00 10.3 272 9.912

2/10/2009 17:15:00 8.5 273 9.866

2/10/2009 17:45:00 8.2 273 9.866

2/10/2009 18:15:00 9.7 269 9.912

2/10/2009 18:45:00 11.1 265 9.936

2/10/2009 19:15:00 12.6 273 9.889

2/10/2009 19:45:00 11.7 273 9.725

2/10/2009 20:15:00 11.4 270 9.842

2/10/2009 20:45:00 9.7 272 9.748

2/10/2009 21:15:00 7.3 268 9.748

2/10/2009 21:45:00 7.3 258 9.842

2/10/2009 22:15:00 7.6 268 9.748

2/10/2009 22:45:00 8.2 280 9.702

2/10/2009 23:15:00 11.4 288 9.608

2/10/2009 23:45:00 9.7 284 9.631

82
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/10/2009 0:15:00 9.7 281 9.584

3/10/2009 0:45:00 6.2 267 9.608

3/10/2009 1:15:00 7.3 279 9.561

3/10/2009 1:45:00 8.8 268 9.561

3/10/2009 2:15:00 10.9 265 9.584

3/10/2009 2:45:00 13.8 268 9.889

3/10/2009 3:15:00 13.5 275 9.936

3/10/2009 3:45:00 12.3 273 10.006

3/10/2009 4:15:00 12.0 270 9.912

3/10/2009 4:45:00 10.6 280 9.936

3/10/2009 5:15:00 10.6 284 9.936

3/10/2009 5:45:00 11.4 271 10.006

3/10/2009 6:15:00 9.7 273 10.053

3/10/2009 6:45:00 10.9 265 10.147

3/10/2009 7:15:00 10.9 270 10.170

3/10/2009 7:45:00 10.6 283 10.147

3/10/2009 8:15:00 9.4 280 10.030

3/10/2009 8:45:00 4.7 266 9.725

3/10/2009 9:15:00 3.2 127 9.748

3/10/2009 9:45:00 2.9 190 9.772

3/10/2009 10:15:00 4.7 208 9.725

3/10/2009 10:45:00 5.6 245 9.702

3/10/2009 11:15:00 8.8 246 9.772

3/10/2009 11:45:00 8.2 243 9.748

3/10/2009 12:15:00 7.0 241 9.748

3/10/2009 12:45:00 7.6 248 9.842

3/10/2009 13:15:00 9.1 257 9.889

3/10/2009 13:45:00 11.7 251 10.077

3/10/2009 14:15:00 12.3 258 10.147

3/10/2009 14:45:00 12.3 259 10.147

3/10/2009 15:15:00 12.9 258 10.170

3/10/2009 15:45:00 13.8 261 10.170

3/10/2009 16:15:00 13.5 262 10.100

3/10/2009 16:45:00 12.6 262 10.077

3/10/2009 17:15:00 12.0 261 10.124

3/10/2009 17:45:00 12.3 260 10.147

3/10/2009 18:15:00 11.1 255 10.264

3/10/2009 18:45:00 12.0 254 10.241

3/10/2009 19:15:00 11.1 262 10.311

3/10/2009 19:45:00 10.9 276 10.124

3/10/2009 20:15:00 11.7 270 10.124

3/10/2009 20:45:00 12.0 267 10.053

3/10/2009 21:15:00 11.4 274 10.100

3/10/2009 21:45:00 11.4 274 10.147

3/10/2009 22:15:00 10.3 279 9.983

3/10/2009 22:45:00 9.7 278 10.030

3/10/2009 23:15:00 10.0 281 10.170

3/10/2009 23:45:00 9.1 274 10.241

83
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/10/2009 0:15:00 7.9 279 10.217

4/10/2009 0:45:00 7.6 274 10.170

4/10/2009 1:15:00 8.8 293 10.124

4/10/2009 1:45:00 7.9 313 10.100

4/10/2009 2:15:00 5.3 310 10.030

4/10/2009 2:45:00 3.5 310 9.936

4/10/2009 3:15:00 2.6 287 9.936

4/10/2009 3:45:00 2.9 293 9.936

4/10/2009 4:15:00 3.2 249 10.053

4/10/2009 4:45:00 5.3 269 10.194

4/10/2009 5:15:00 7.0 273 10.194

4/10/2009 5:45:00 7.6 282 10.241

4/10/2009 6:15:00 9.4 290 10.194

4/10/2009 6:45:00 8.8 282 10.264

4/10/2009 7:15:00 8.5 270 10.241

4/10/2009 7:45:00 6.7 285 10.241

4/10/2009 8:15:00 5.3 284 10.288

4/10/2009 8:45:00 5.6 285 10.311

4/10/2009 9:15:00 5.3 286 10.311

4/10/2009 9:45:00 5.3 291 10.194

4/10/2009 10:15:00 6.2 295 10.194

4/10/2009 10:45:00 4.4 295 10.264

4/10/2009 11:15:00 5.6 296 10.147

4/10/2009 11:45:00 3.2 241 10.100

4/10/2009 12:15:00 2.6 213 10.170

4/10/2009 12:45:00 3.8 217 10.170

4/10/2009 13:15:00 4.1 235 10.217

4/10/2009 13:45:00 5.9 245 10.217

4/10/2009 14:15:00 6.7 227 10.147

4/10/2009 14:45:00 7.3 219 10.100

4/10/2009 15:15:00 6.7 216 10.311

4/10/2009 15:45:00 7.9 236 10.288

4/10/2009 16:15:00 9.4 238 10.358

4/10/2009 16:45:00 9.1 242 10.288

4/10/2009 17:15:00 9.4 239 10.288

4/10/2009 17:45:00 7.6 253 10.194

4/10/2009 18:15:00 7.9 255 10.217

4/10/2009 18:45:00 10.0 261 10.429

4/10/2009 19:15:00 11.4 252 10.711

4/10/2009 19:45:00 12.9 252 10.734

4/10/2009 20:15:00 11.1 257 10.711

4/10/2009 20:45:00 10.6 249 10.617

4/10/2009 21:15:00 11.1 252 10.523

4/10/2009 21:45:00 13.2 256 10.570

4/10/2009 22:15:00 11.4 259 10.546

4/10/2009 22:45:00 12.6 256 10.687

4/10/2009 23:15:00 10.0 250 10.782

4/10/2009 23:45:00 10.0 256 10.805

84
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/10/2009 0:15:00 10.6 263 10.782

5/10/2009 0:45:00 8.8 267 10.782

5/10/2009 1:15:00 7.9 264 10.805

5/10/2009 1:45:00 8.8 255 10.782

5/10/2009 2:15:00 9.1 268 10.687

5/10/2009 2:45:00 11.4 266 10.687

5/10/2009 3:15:00 10.3 261 10.758

5/10/2009 3:45:00 10.6 262 10.782

5/10/2009 4:15:00 12.6 263 10.758

5/10/2009 4:45:00 10.9 268 10.758

5/10/2009 5:15:00 11.7 273 10.687

5/10/2009 5:45:00 10.6 274 10.758

5/10/2009 6:15:00 11.7 275 10.711

5/10/2009 6:45:00 11.7 274 10.758

5/10/2009 7:15:00 13.8 275 10.593

5/10/2009 7:45:00 12.6 276 10.782

5/10/2009 8:15:00 12.0 264 10.782

5/10/2009 8:45:00 7.3 265 10.194

5/10/2009 9:15:00 3.2 196 10.241

5/10/2009 9:45:00 4.7 232 10.311

5/10/2009 10:15:00 6.7 250 10.546

5/10/2009 10:45:00 6.7 254 10.782

5/10/2009 11:15:00 7.9 256 10.734

5/10/2009 11:45:00 7.9 250 10.640

5/10/2009 12:15:00 7.0 241 10.499

5/10/2009 12:45:00 8.2 249 10.829

5/10/2009 13:15:00 9.1 255 10.805

5/10/2009 13:45:00 7.9 259 10.805

5/10/2009 14:15:00 7.3 256 10.617

5/10/2009 14:45:00 8.5 253 10.617

5/10/2009 15:15:00 8.8 250 10.617

5/10/2009 15:45:00 12.3 254 10.876

5/10/2009 16:15:00 12.6 256 10.805

5/10/2009 16:45:00 10.6 268 10.782

5/10/2009 17:15:00 11.1 263 10.640

5/10/2009 17:45:00 13.2 267 10.758

5/10/2009 18:15:00 14.1 261 10.758

5/10/2009 18:45:00 13.8 261 10.546

5/10/2009 19:15:00 12.9 266 10.499

5/10/2009 19:45:00 13.8 256 10.593

5/10/2009 20:15:00 12.9 258 10.405

5/10/2009 20:45:00 12.6 261 10.499

5/10/2009 21:15:00 12.0 255 10.476

5/10/2009 21:45:00 11.4 261 10.523

5/10/2009 22:15:00 13.5 267 10.593

5/10/2009 22:45:00 12.3 268 10.523

5/10/2009 23:15:00 11.1 256 10.617

5/10/2009 23:45:00 12.0 258 10.782

85
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/10/2009 0:15:00 10.3 261 10.782

6/10/2009 0:45:00 11.7 260 10.711

6/10/2009 1:15:00 10.9 260 10.664

6/10/2009 1:45:00 10.0 261 10.782

6/10/2009 2:15:00 12.0 252 10.782

6/10/2009 2:45:00 12.6 256 10.734

6/10/2009 3:15:00 11.4 256 10.711

6/10/2009 3:45:00 12.0 266 10.570

6/10/2009 4:15:00 10.9 269 10.640

6/10/2009 4:45:00 12.0 270 10.687

6/10/2009 5:15:00 14.1 260 10.640

6/10/2009 5:45:00 13.8 267 10.805

6/10/2009 6:15:00 14.1 268 10.664

6/10/2009 6:45:00 12.6 273 10.687

6/10/2009 7:15:00 13.2 269 10.687

6/10/2009 7:45:00 14.1 273 10.617

6/10/2009 8:15:00 12.3 269 10.758

6/10/2009 8:45:00 11.7 268 10.734

6/10/2009 9:15:00 12.9 272 10.876

6/10/2009 9:45:00 12.9 270 10.852

6/10/2009 10:15:00 13.8 265 10.782

6/10/2009 10:45:00 11.7 264 10.640

6/10/2009 11:15:00 11.4 277 10.734

6/10/2009 11:45:00 12.6 271 10.640

6/10/2009 12:15:00 11.7 269 10.546

6/10/2009 12:45:00 10.9 272 10.664

6/10/2009 13:15:00 11.7 265 10.499

6/10/2009 13:45:00 11.1 252 10.452

6/10/2009 14:15:00 12.0 258 10.570

6/10/2009 14:45:00 10.6 261 10.382

6/10/2009 15:15:00 11.4 265 10.405

6/10/2009 15:45:00 8.5 251 10.335

6/10/2009 16:15:00 8.2 256 10.358

6/10/2009 16:45:00 8.5 253 10.405

6/10/2009 17:15:00 7.0 257 10.452

6/10/2009 17:45:00 8.8 248 10.570

6/10/2009 18:15:00 11.1 247 10.546

6/10/2009 18:45:00 8.8 252 10.593

6/10/2009 19:15:00 8.8 254 10.617

6/10/2009 19:45:00 8.5 255 10.664

6/10/2009 20:15:00 10.0 255 10.593

6/10/2009 20:45:00 11.1 263 10.664

6/10/2009 21:15:00 11.1 265 10.593

6/10/2009 21:45:00 11.7 267 10.523

6/10/2009 22:15:00 10.3 270 10.499

6/10/2009 22:45:00 11.1 263 10.546

6/10/2009 23:15:00 11.4 277 10.476

6/10/2009 23:45:00 12.9 270 10.452

86
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/10/2009 0:15:00 12.6 272 10.452

7/10/2009 0:45:00 13.8 275 10.593

7/10/2009 1:15:00 12.3 271 10.640

7/10/2009 1:45:00 13.2 267 10.546

7/10/2009 2:15:00 11.7 272 10.382

7/10/2009 2:45:00 9.1 269 10.335

7/10/2009 3:15:00 7.6 271 10.429

7/10/2009 3:45:00 8.5 258 10.734

7/10/2009 4:15:00 7.0 263 10.758

7/10/2009 4:45:00 7.6 254 10.711

7/10/2009 5:15:00 7.6 261 10.758

7/10/2009 5:45:00 8.8 266 10.687

7/10/2009 6:15:00 8.8 265 10.664

7/10/2009 6:45:00 8.5 272 10.664

7/10/2009 7:15:00 7.0 265 10.617

7/10/2009 7:45:00 7.0 276 10.429

7/10/2009 8:15:00 5.3 281 10.405

7/10/2009 8:45:00 6.7 271 10.382

7/10/2009 9:15:00 5.0 267 10.358

7/10/2009 9:45:00 5.6 270 10.358

7/10/2009 10:15:00 4.1 260 10.311

7/10/2009 10:45:00 5.0 230 10.288

7/10/2009 11:15:00 4.4 204 10.264

7/10/2009 11:45:00 3.2 232 10.358

7/10/2009 12:15:00 4.4 253 10.405

7/10/2009 12:45:00 5.3 264 10.405

7/10/2009 13:15:00 5.0 245 10.405

7/10/2009 13:45:00 5.9 260 10.382

7/10/2009 14:15:00 5.3 256 10.335

7/10/2009 14:45:00 7.0 241 10.405

7/10/2009 15:15:00 7.9 236 10.311

7/10/2009 15:45:00 9.4 250 10.358

7/10/2009 16:15:00 7.6 240 10.476

7/10/2009 16:45:00 12.3 248 10.523

7/10/2009 17:15:00 11.4 247 10.523

7/10/2009 17:45:00 14.1 257 10.523

7/10/2009 18:15:00 12.3 259 10.499

7/10/2009 18:45:00 12.6 251 10.476

7/10/2009 19:15:00 11.4 254 10.523

7/10/2009 19:45:00 9.4 263 10.429

7/10/2009 20:15:00 8.2 275 10.452

7/10/2009 20:45:00 7.3 280 10.476

7/10/2009 21:15:00 6.5 278 10.405

7/10/2009 21:45:00 5.6 262 10.382

7/10/2009 22:15:00 6.2 263 10.311

7/10/2009 22:45:00 6.5 271 10.311

7/10/2009 23:15:00 8.8 261 10.311

7/10/2009 23:45:00 9.7 272 10.288

87
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/10/2009 0:15:00 9.7 272 10.241

8/10/2009 0:45:00 9.4 268 10.264

8/10/2009 1:15:00 7.0 272 10.382

8/10/2009 1:45:00 7.6 283 10.476

8/10/2009 2:15:00 9.4 277 10.546

8/10/2009 2:45:00 6.7 269 10.147

8/10/2009 3:15:00 6.5 160 10.170

8/10/2009 3:45:00 3.5 164 10.241

8/10/2009 4:15:00 3.2 188 10.194

8/10/2009 4:45:00 2.6 188 10.264

8/10/2009 5:15:00 1.5 136 10.311

8/10/2009 5:45:00 2.9 233 10.405

8/10/2009 6:15:00 2.3 228 10.523

8/10/2009 6:45:00 4.7 271 10.687

8/10/2009 7:15:00 1.5 321 10.640

8/10/2009 7:45:00 3.8 259 10.382

8/10/2009 8:15:00 4.7 242 10.523

8/10/2009 8:45:00 5.9 235 10.499

8/10/2009 9:15:00 6.5 235 10.640

8/10/2009 9:45:00 3.2 239 10.593

8/10/2009 10:15:00 4.4 239 10.664

8/10/2009 10:45:00 5.6 237 10.593

8/10/2009 11:15:00 7.3 236 10.640

8/10/2009 11:45:00 9.1 230 10.687

8/10/2009 12:15:00 8.8 227 10.640

8/10/2009 12:45:00 9.7 239 10.546

8/10/2009 13:15:00 10.6 244 10.664

8/10/2009 13:45:00 10.3 246 10.640

8/10/2009 14:15:00 12.3 260 10.570

8/10/2009 14:45:00 11.7 253 10.523

8/10/2009 15:15:00 12.6 251 10.734

8/10/2009 15:45:00 12.6 250 10.876

8/10/2009 16:15:00 13.2 260 10.876

8/10/2009 16:45:00 13.2 256 10.758

8/10/2009 17:15:00 12.9 262 10.593

8/10/2009 17:45:00 14.4 259 10.617

8/10/2009 18:15:00 14.4 255 10.758

8/10/2009 18:45:00 15.0 262 10.734

8/10/2009 19:15:00 15.8 259 10.687

8/10/2009 19:45:00 17.0 262 10.617

8/10/2009 20:15:00 18.8 266 10.664

8/10/2009 20:45:00 18.2 265 10.758

8/10/2009 21:15:00 18.2 266 10.593

8/10/2009 21:45:00 18.5 272 10.734

8/10/2009 22:15:00 17.6 269 10.617

8/10/2009 22:45:00 17.6 271 10.546

8/10/2009 23:15:00 17.3 271 10.664

8/10/2009 23:45:00 15.5 268 10.593

88
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/10/2009 0:15:00 15.0 271 10.593

9/10/2009 0:45:00 10.0 270 10.382

9/10/2009 1:15:00 5.6 290 10.382

9/10/2009 1:45:00 1.8 216 10.405

9/10/2009 2:15:00 1.5 139 10.452

9/10/2009 2:45:00 5.0 261 10.570

9/10/2009 3:15:00 6.7 262 10.476

9/10/2009 3:45:00 5.3 251 10.452

9/10/2009 4:15:00 5.6 241 10.429

9/10/2009 4:45:00 5.0 195 10.452

9/10/2009 5:15:00 4.7 222 10.452

9/10/2009 5:45:00 4.1 166 10.452

9/10/2009 6:15:00 3.8 176 10.405

9/10/2009 6:45:00 5.9 182 10.405

9/10/2009 7:15:00 6.2 201 10.382

9/10/2009 7:45:00 5.9 199 10.335

9/10/2009 8:15:00 6.2 200 10.335

9/10/2009 8:45:00 5.9 198 10.311

9/10/2009 9:15:00 4.4 226 10.311

9/10/2009 9:45:00 7.6 212 10.382

9/10/2009 10:15:00 7.0 208 10.382

9/10/2009 10:45:00 7.9 202 10.452

9/10/2009 11:15:00 5.3 225 10.429

9/10/2009 11:45:00 7.6 224 10.429

9/10/2009 12:15:00 6.7 226 10.264

9/10/2009 12:45:00 5.0 224 10.241

9/10/2009 13:15:00 6.7 223 10.217

9/10/2009 13:45:00 6.2 223 10.194

9/10/2009 14:15:00 4.7 235 10.194

9/10/2009 14:45:00 5.3 241 10.241

9/10/2009 15:15:00 3.8 252 10.241

9/10/2009 15:45:00 2.1 272 10.217

9/10/2009 16:15:00 3.8 263 10.241

9/10/2009 16:45:00 4.1 246 10.194

9/10/2009 17:15:00 2.3 303 10.194

9/10/2009 17:45:00 0.3 096 10.194

9/10/2009 18:15:00 1.8 284 10.194

9/10/2009 18:45:00 0.6 152 10.217

9/10/2009 19:15:00 3.5 233 10.124

9/10/2009 19:45:00 3.8 261 10.217

9/10/2009 20:15:00 4.7 277 10.170

9/10/2009 20:45:00 3.2 279 10.241

9/10/2009 21:15:00 2.1 357 10.194

9/10/2009 21:45:00 1.8 044 10.194

9/10/2009 22:15:00 1.5 336 10.194

9/10/2009 22:45:00 0.6 166 10.194

9/10/2009 23:15:00 0.6 062 10.194

9/10/2009 23:45:00 0.6 248 10.217

89
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/10/2009 0:15:00 0.3 311 10.194

10/10/2009 0:45:00 1.5 015 10.194

10/10/2009 1:15:00 1.2 322 10.194

10/10/2009 1:45:00 1.2 304 10.194

10/10/2009 2:15:00 1.5 347 10.194

10/10/2009 2:45:00 2.1 030 10.170

10/10/2009 3:15:00 3.2 038 10.147

10/10/2009 3:45:00 2.6 036 10.077

10/10/2009 4:15:00 2.6 079 10.124

10/10/2009 4:45:00 2.3 028 10.124

10/10/2009 5:15:00 2.3 053 10.124

10/10/2009 5:45:00 3.2 047 10.100

10/10/2009 6:15:00 3.8 059 10.030

10/10/2009 6:45:00 4.1 065 10.030

10/10/2009 7:15:00 4.1 092 9.983

10/10/2009 7:45:00 4.4 112 9.959

10/10/2009 8:15:00 5.6 127 9.959

10/10/2009 8:45:00 6.7 137 10.006

10/10/2009 9:15:00 6.5 149 10.006

10/10/2009 9:45:00 7.0 149 9.936

10/10/2009 10:15:00 7.6 161 10.030

10/10/2009 10:45:00 7.3 160 10.053

10/10/2009 11:15:00 7.6 170 10.100

10/10/2009 11:45:00 6.5 193 10.100

10/10/2009 12:15:00 5.3 187 10.147

10/10/2009 12:45:00 4.4 192 10.147

10/10/2009 13:15:00 3.2 193 10.241

10/10/2009 13:45:00 2.9 200 10.241

10/10/2009 14:15:00 1.5 324 10.405

10/10/2009 14:45:00 3.2 349 10.335

10/10/2009 15:15:00 3.5 351 10.170

10/10/2009 15:45:00 2.3 014 10.124

10/10/2009 16:15:00 3.5 014 10.030

10/10/2009 16:45:00 3.2 044 10.030

10/10/2009 17:15:00 5.0 057 10.006

10/10/2009 17:45:00 4.7 067 9.959

10/10/2009 18:15:00 5.9 069 9.959

10/10/2009 18:45:00 3.5 087 9.983

10/10/2009 19:15:00 4.7 100 9.866

10/10/2009 19:45:00 3.5 085 9.866

10/10/2009 20:15:00 4.7 098 9.959

10/10/2009 20:45:00 4.1 084 9.819

10/10/2009 21:15:00 3.2 095 9.842

10/10/2009 21:45:00 5.3 084 9.795

10/10/2009 22:15:00 6.2 088 9.889

10/10/2009 22:45:00 7.0 091 9.889

10/10/2009 23:15:00 5.9 099 9.842

10/10/2009 23:45:00 4.7 108 9.748

90
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/10/2009 0:15:00 7.9 091 9.772

11/10/2009 0:45:00 6.5 097 9.819

11/10/2009 1:15:00 7.0 109 9.819

11/10/2009 1:45:00 6.7 121 9.936

11/10/2009 2:15:00 5.6 109 9.936

11/10/2009 2:45:00 6.5 119 9.936

11/10/2009 3:15:00 7.6 112 9.912

11/10/2009 3:45:00 6.5 118 9.842

11/10/2009 4:15:00 4.1 104 9.912

11/10/2009 4:45:00 5.0 091 9.936

11/10/2009 5:15:00 5.0 083 9.889

11/10/2009 5:45:00 5.6 075 9.842

11/10/2009 6:15:00 5.3 092 9.889

11/10/2009 6:45:00 5.6 082 9.842

11/10/2009 7:15:00 5.9 079 9.795

11/10/2009 7:45:00 5.6 082 9.725

11/10/2009 8:15:00 5.3 056 9.678

11/10/2009 8:45:00 5.0 048 9.678

11/10/2009 9:15:00 3.5 064 9.561

11/10/2009 9:45:00 4.4 085 9.725

11/10/2009 10:15:00 5.0 092 9.655

11/10/2009 10:45:00 4.7 092 9.631

11/10/2009 11:15:00 5.3 085 9.655

11/10/2009 11:45:00 6.2 088 9.678

11/10/2009 12:15:00 5.6 075 9.561

11/10/2009 12:45:00 3.8 088 9.608

11/10/2009 13:15:00 5.9 093 9.631

11/10/2009 13:45:00 6.5 099 9.631

11/10/2009 14:15:00 4.1 100 9.678

11/10/2009 14:45:00 5.0 093 9.678

11/10/2009 15:15:00 5.0 087 9.702

11/10/2009 15:45:00 6.5 082 9.725

11/10/2009 16:15:00 5.3 077 9.655

11/10/2009 16:45:00 6.2 075 9.748

11/10/2009 17:15:00 6.5 063 9.655

11/10/2009 17:45:00 5.6 067 9.584

11/10/2009 18:15:00 5.3 056 9.561

11/10/2009 18:45:00 7.0 052 9.514

11/10/2009 19:15:00 8.5 061 9.584

11/10/2009 19:45:00 7.6 054 9.467

11/10/2009 20:15:00 6.2 047 9.374

11/10/2009 20:45:00 5.3 067 9.421

11/10/2009 21:15:00 4.4 075 9.327

11/10/2009 21:45:00 5.9 062 9.397

11/10/2009 22:15:00 4.1 060 9.350

11/10/2009 22:45:00 5.6 073 9.421

11/10/2009 23:15:00 5.9 066 9.350

11/10/2009 23:45:00 6.5 072 9.421

91
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/10/2009 0:15:00 6.2 073 9.304

12/10/2009 0:45:00 6.2 066 9.304

12/10/2009 1:15:00 7.6 069 9.233

12/10/2009 1:45:00 6.2 058 9.187

12/10/2009 2:15:00 7.0 073 9.163

12/10/2009 2:45:00 8.5 071 9.070

12/10/2009 3:15:00 7.9 077 9.000

12/10/2009 3:45:00 11.7 085 9.000

12/10/2009 4:15:00 11.1 089 8.976

12/10/2009 4:45:00 9.7 101 8.953

12/10/2009 5:15:00 7.9 083 8.930

12/10/2009 5:45:00 10.3 094 8.883

12/10/2009 6:15:00 11.4 091 8.953

12/10/2009 6:45:00 12.3 098 8.883

12/10/2009 7:15:00 10.6 089 8.836

12/10/2009 7:45:00 10.3 090 8.859

12/10/2009 8:15:00 10.9 089 8.953

12/10/2009 8:45:00 10.6 083 8.906

12/10/2009 9:15:00 12.9 082 8.836

12/10/2009 9:45:00 14.1 082 8.813

12/10/2009 10:15:00 12.6 081 8.789

12/10/2009 10:45:00 11.7 080 8.836

12/10/2009 11:15:00 12.3 078 8.813

12/10/2009 11:45:00 12.6 079 8.906

12/10/2009 12:15:00 13.2 082 8.836

12/10/2009 12:45:00 11.7 086 8.859

12/10/2009 13:15:00 14.1 073 8.743

12/10/2009 13:45:00 11.7 067 8.719

12/10/2009 14:15:00 13.5 078 8.696

12/10/2009 14:45:00 12.3 078 8.906

12/10/2009 15:15:00 12.6 070 8.696

12/10/2009 15:45:00 13.8 077 8.743

12/10/2009 16:15:00 14.1 082 8.743

12/10/2009 16:45:00 13.5 071 8.743

12/10/2009 17:15:00 13.2 077 8.743

12/10/2009 17:45:00 13.2 075 8.719

12/10/2009 18:15:00 13.2 074 8.766

12/10/2009 18:45:00 14.7 072 8.766

12/10/2009 19:15:00 12.0 071 8.766

12/10/2009 19:45:00 13.2 072 8.743

12/10/2009 20:15:00 11.7 066 8.906

12/10/2009 20:45:00 9.7 071 8.719

12/10/2009 21:15:00 12.3 067 8.766

12/10/2009 21:45:00 12.6 065 8.859

12/10/2009 22:15:00 12.6 068 8.789

12/10/2009 22:45:00 11.4 063 8.766

12/10/2009 23:15:00 12.9 072 8.789

12/10/2009 23:45:00 13.2 074 8.766

92
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.13.2009 0:15:00 14.7 075 8.766

10.13.2009 0:45:00 14.7 083 8.813

10.13.2009 1:15:00 12.9 088 8.789

10.13.2009 1:45:00 12.0 095 8.766

10.13.2009 2:15:00 11.7 086 8.789

10.13.2009 2:45:00 10.3 096 8.766

10.13.2009 3:15:00 9.4 093 8.789

10.13.2009 3:45:00 10.3 093 8.789

10.13.2009 4:15:00 8.8 089 8.859

10.13.2009 4:45:00 10.6 085 8.906

10.13.2009 5:15:00 10.0 083 8.883

10.13.2009 5:45:00 9.4 071 8.859

10.13.2009 6:15:00 10.0 070 8.813

10.13.2009 6:45:00 9.1 060 8.836

10.13.2009 7:15:00 10.9 066 8.859

10.13.2009 7:45:00 10.3 065 8.859

10.13.2009 8:15:00 9.7 057 8.859

10.13.2009 8:45:00 9.7 061 8.859

10.13.2009 9:15:00 9.7 048 8.743

10.13.2009 9:45:00 9.7 050 8.743

10.13.2009 10:15:00 7.9 049 8.719

10.13.2009 10:45:00 8.5 053 8.673

10.13.2009 11:15:00 8.5 045 8.649

10.13.2009 11:45:00 8.8 051 8.649

10.13.2009 12:15:00 8.2 055 8.603

10.13.2009 12:45:00 8.2 059 8.696

10.13.2009 13:15:00 7.9 071 8.743

10.13.2009 13:45:00 8.5 062 8.719

10.13.2009 14:15:00 8.5 068 8.719

10.13.2009 14:45:00 9.4 073 8.743

10.13.2009 15:15:00 9.1 071 8.719

10.13.2009 15:45:00 9.4 071 8.743

10.13.2009 16:15:00 9.7 074 8.696

10.13.2009 16:45:00 8.8 067 8.766

10.13.2009 17:15:00 9.4 062 8.766

10.13.2009 17:45:00 9.4 069 8.813

10.13.2009 18:15:00 8.2 073 8.789

10.13.2009 18:45:00 7.6 062 8.719

10.13.2009 19:15:00 7.3 071 8.743

10.13.2009 19:45:00 7.6 078 8.719

10.13.2009 20:15:00 7.6 067 8.789

10.13.2009 20:45:00 7.3 073 8.766

10.13.2009 21:15:00 7.9 075 8.719

10.13.2009 21:45:00 6.7 075 8.766

10.13.2009 22:15:00 7.9 078 8.789

10.13.2009 22:45:00 7.6 074 8.766

10.13.2009 23:15:00 7.9 079 8.766

10.13.2009 23:45:00 6.2 089 8.789

93
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.14.2009 0:15:00 5.3 105 8.789

10.14.2009 0:45:00 4.4 105 8.836

10.14.2009 1:15:00 5.6 093 8.906

10.14.2009 1:45:00 7.0 076 8.906

10.14.2009 2:15:00 7.6 078 8.883

10.14.2009 2:45:00 6.7 073 8.883

10.14.2009 3:15:00 5.9 073 8.883

10.14.2009 3:45:00 5.0 075 8.836

10.14.2009 4:15:00 4.4 066 8.836

10.14.2009 4:45:00 4.4 064 8.859

10.14.2009 5:15:00 5.0 071 8.883

10.14.2009 5:45:00 3.8 051 8.883

10.14.2009 6:15:00 3.8 065 8.883

10.14.2009 6:45:00 5.6 063 8.859

10.14.2009 7:15:00 5.6 054 8.859

10.14.2009 7:45:00 5.3 032 8.813

10.14.2009 8:15:00 5.9 025 8.743

10.14.2009 8:45:00 5.9 032 8.743

10.14.2009 9:15:00 7.0 032 8.696

10.14.2009 9:45:00 6.7 035 8.696

10.14.2009 10:15:00 4.7 037 8.696

10.14.2009 10:45:00 6.5 058 8.696

10.14.2009 11:15:00 5.6 056 8.673

10.14.2009 11:45:00 6.2 059 8.696

10.14.2009 12:15:00 7.0 064 8.696

10.14.2009 12:45:00 5.6 056 8.556

10.14.2009 13:15:00 4.1 063 8.603

10.14.2009 13:45:00 4.4 077 8.673

10.14.2009 14:15:00 5.0 086 8.673

10.14.2009 14:45:00 5.3 095 8.649

10.14.2009 15:15:00 4.7 107 8.673

10.14.2009 15:45:00 5.6 108 8.673

10.14.2009 16:15:00 4.4 113 8.649

10.14.2009 16:45:00 3.8 117 8.626

10.14.2009 17:15:00 4.7 110 8.649

10.14.2009 17:45:00 4.1 109 8.673

10.14.2009 18:15:00 3.8 115 8.696

10.14.2009 18:45:00 4.7 103 8.696

10.14.2009 19:15:00 3.8 104 8.673

10.14.2009 19:45:00 4.1 098 8.789

10.14.2009 20:15:00 4.7 090 8.789

10.14.2009 20:45:00 5.3 063 8.696

10.14.2009 21:15:00 6.2 058 8.836

10.14.2009 21:45:00 6.2 047 8.766

10.14.2009 22:15:00 5.6 047 8.649

10.14.2009 22:45:00 5.3 034 8.673

10.14.2009 23:15:00 5.0 043 8.673

10.14.2009 23:45:00 4.4 055 8.649

94
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.15.2009 0:15:00 5.3 066 8.603

10.15.2009 0:45:00 5.0 069 8.719

10.15.2009 1:15:00 5.6 084 8.719

10.15.2009 1:45:00 4.7 079 8.673

10.15.2009 2:15:00 5.3 073 8.649

10.15.2009 2:45:00 4.4 091 8.649

10.15.2009 3:15:00 5.9 092 8.556

10.15.2009 3:45:00 3.8 097 8.603

10.15.2009 4:15:00 4.1 086 8.579

10.15.2009 4:45:00 3.8 100 8.556

10.15.2009 5:15:00 3.8 093 8.533

10.15.2009 5:45:00 3.8 104 8.579

10.15.2009 6:15:00 5.6 093 8.626

10.15.2009 6:45:00 5.3 091 8.649

10.15.2009 7:15:00 5.6 089 8.719

10.15.2009 7:45:00 6.7 071 8.696

10.15.2009 8:15:00 6.2 052 8.649

10.15.2009 8:45:00 7.9 059 8.603

10.15.2009 9:15:00 6.5 056 8.649

10.15.2009 9:45:00 6.7 052 8.603

10.15.2009 10:15:00 5.9 058 8.579

10.15.2009 10:45:00 4.7 055 8.533

10.15.2009 11:15:00 4.4 057 8.486

10.15.2009 11:45:00 4.4 070 8.556

10.15.2009 12:15:00 4.4 075 8.556

10.15.2009 12:45:00 6.7 069 8.603

10.15.2009 13:15:00 6.7 075 8.556

10.15.2009 13:45:00 5.6 076 8.533

10.15.2009 14:15:00 6.5 071 8.509

10.15.2009 14:45:00 5.6 084 8.463

10.15.2009 15:15:00 4.4 073 8.509

10.15.2009 15:45:00 4.4 085 8.556

10.15.2009 16:15:00 4.7 091 8.533

10.15.2009 16:45:00 6.2 095 8.533

10.15.2009 17:15:00 5.9 086 8.509

10.15.2009 17:45:00 5.0 109 8.463

10.15.2009 18:15:00 4.7 105 8.603

10.15.2009 18:45:00 5.9 105 8.603

10.15.2009 19:15:00 5.0 099 8.579

10.15.2009 19:45:00 5.3 090 8.696

10.15.2009 20:15:00 4.7 105 8.696

10.15.2009 20:45:00 2.9 098 8.696

10.15.2009 21:15:00 2.9 077 8.766

10.15.2009 21:45:00 2.1 093 8.743

10.15.2009 22:15:00 3.5 091 8.719

10.15.2009 22:45:00 3.5 071 8.649

10.15.2009 23:15:00 3.8 070 8.696

10.15.2009 23:45:00 2.3 089 8.789

95
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.16.2009 0:15:00 6.2 059 8.766

10.16.2009 0:45:00 4.4 060 8.743

10.16.2009 1:15:00 4.7 058 8.766

10.16.2009 1:45:00 4.1 081 8.766

10.16.2009 2:15:00 5.9 088 8.743

10.16.2009 2:45:00 4.1 076 8.743

10.16.2009 3:15:00 4.4 084 8.766

10.16.2009 3:45:00 5.9 082 8.766

10.16.2009 4:15:00 4.1 085 8.766

10.16.2009 4:45:00 4.4 083 8.696

10.16.2009 5:15:00 2.1 083 8.673

10.16.2009 5:45:00 1.5 073 8.673

10.16.2009 6:15:00 2.9 093 8.696

10.16.2009 6:45:00 1.2 083 8.673

10.16.2009 7:15:00 2.6 090 8.673

10.16.2009 7:45:00 3.8 106 8.696

10.16.2009 8:15:00 3.5 106 8.649

10.16.2009 8:45:00 2.9 097 8.603

10.16.2009 9:15:00 2.3 069 8.579

10.16.2009 9:45:00 2.3 110 8.626

10.16.2009 10:15:00 2.3 100 8.673

10.16.2009 10:45:00 2.6 055 8.766

10.16.2009 11:15:00 5.3 054 8.719

10.16.2009 11:45:00 4.4 031 8.603

10.16.2009 12:15:00 2.6 016 8.603

10.16.2009 12:45:00 2.6 011 8.556

10.16.2009 13:15:00 4.1 020 8.533

10.16.2009 13:45:00 3.8 028 8.486

10.16.2009 14:15:00 2.6 027 8.533

10.16.2009 14:45:00 2.9 049 8.579

10.16.2009 15:15:00 2.9 084 8.556

10.16.2009 15:45:00 2.1 101 8.509

10.16.2009 16:15:00 3.8 117 8.509

10.16.2009 16:45:00 3.2 146 8.439

10.16.2009 17:15:00 2.6 160 8.463

10.16.2009 17:45:00 2.1 139 8.556

10.16.2009 18:15:00 2.9 147 8.579

10.16.2009 18:45:00 2.3 123 8.673

10.16.2009 19:15:00 2.9 136 8.626

10.16.2009 19:45:00 3.5 124 8.626

10.16.2009 20:15:00 3.8 121 8.673

10.16.2009 20:45:00 4.4 142 8.673

10.16.2009 21:15:00 2.9 139 8.673

10.16.2009 21:45:00 2.1 117 8.719

10.16.2009 22:15:00 1.8 095 8.719

10.16.2009 22:45:00 2.3 117 8.719

10.16.2009 23:15:00 2.3 114 8.719

10.16.2009 23:45:00 1.8 064 8.743

96
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.17.2009 0:15:00 2.9 076 8.719

10.17.2009 0:45:00 2.1 041 8.743

10.17.2009 1:15:00 2.6 028 8.719

10.17.2009 1:45:00 2.6 031 8.696

10.17.2009 2:15:00 3.5 016 8.719

10.17.2009 2:45:00 2.3 022 8.673

10.17.2009 3:15:00 1.8 029 8.673

10.17.2009 3:45:00 2.6 026 8.673

10.17.2009 4:15:00 3.2 037 8.649

10.17.2009 4:45:00 2.9 055 8.603

10.17.2009 5:15:00 2.1 045 8.603

10.17.2009 5:45:00 1.2 107 8.579

10.17.2009 6:15:00 1.8 130 8.533

10.17.2009 6:45:00 2.1 174 8.509

10.17.2009 7:15:00 3.2 149 8.579

10.17.2009 7:45:00 2.3 111 8.579

10.17.2009 8:15:00 3.2 165 8.533

10.17.2009 8:45:00 2.3 138 8.673

10.17.2009 9:15:00 1.8 116 8.626

10.17.2009 9:45:00 1.5 085 8.673

10.17.2009 10:15:00 0.6 332 8.673

10.17.2009 10:45:00 1.5 077 8.696

10.17.2009 11:15:00 1.2 341 8.743

10.17.2009 11:45:00 2.3 342 8.766

10.17.2009 12:15:00 4.4 008 8.789

10.17.2009 12:45:00 5.0 349 8.743

10.17.2009 13:15:00 5.6 353 8.766

10.17.2009 13:45:00 6.7 353 8.696

10.17.2009 14:15:00 7.3 001 8.719

10.17.2009 14:45:00 6.7 006 8.696

10.17.2009 15:15:00 5.9 012 8.696

10.17.2009 15:45:00 6.5 025 8.649

10.17.2009 16:15:00 6.5 009 8.626

10.17.2009 16:45:00 5.3 032 8.579

10.17.2009 17:15:00 2.1 025 8.533

10.17.2009 17:45:00 2.1 068 8.533

10.17.2009 18:15:00 2.3 128 8.533

10.17.2009 18:45:00 3.2 134 8.533

10.17.2009 19:15:00 5.3 149 8.579

10.17.2009 19:45:00 6.2 161 8.603

10.17.2009 20:15:00 5.3 173 8.626

10.17.2009 20:45:00 7.0 178 8.626

10.17.2009 21:15:00 7.0 171 8.789

10.17.2009 21:45:00 6.2 165 8.766

10.17.2009 22:15:00 6.5 164 8.859

10.17.2009 22:45:00 4.7 167 8.813

10.17.2009 23:15:00 3.2 167 8.813

10.17.2009 23:45:00 3.2 141 8.813

97
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.18.2009 0:15:00 2.3 100 8.813

10.18.2009 0:45:00 3.2 059 8.789

10.18.2009 1:15:00 3.8 078 8.813

10.18.2009 1:45:00 3.2 036 8.743

10.18.2009 2:15:00 2.6 025 8.743

10.18.2009 2:45:00 2.9 042 8.743

10.18.2009 3:15:00 3.5 032 8.743

10.18.2009 3:45:00 2.3 046 8.719

10.18.2009 4:15:00 2.1 027 8.766

10.18.2009 4:45:00 2.3 053 8.859

10.18.2009 5:15:00 2.9 029 8.836

10.18.2009 5:45:00 4.1 043 8.813

10.18.2009 6:15:00 3.8 046 8.813

10.18.2009 6:45:00 4.1 050 8.743

10.18.2009 7:15:00 4.7 049 8.719

10.18.2009 7:45:00 4.7 040 8.696

10.18.2009 8:15:00 2.3 041 8.719

10.18.2009 8:45:00 2.6 030 8.673

10.18.2009 9:15:00 2.1 031 8.766

10.18.2009 9:45:00 1.8 020 8.696

10.18.2009 10:15:00 3.2 036 8.673

10.18.2009 10:45:00 5.0 357 8.626

10.18.2009 11:15:00 3.8 018 8.626

10.18.2009 11:45:00 3.2 018 8.649

10.18.2009 12:15:00 2.9 010 8.649

10.18.2009 12:45:00 2.3 338 8.696

10.18.2009 13:15:00 2.6 026 8.673

10.18.2009 13:45:00 3.8 023 8.626

10.18.2009 14:15:00 4.7 032 8.603

10.18.2009 14:45:00 6.2 039 8.603

10.18.2009 15:15:00 5.6 036 8.556

10.18.2009 15:45:00 4.7 035 8.556

10.18.2009 16:15:00 3.5 062 8.533

10.18.2009 16:45:00 5.0 051 8.533

10.18.2009 17:15:00 3.8 062 8.439

10.18.2009 17:45:00 4.1 076 8.463

10.18.2009 18:15:00 4.1 084 8.439

10.18.2009 18:45:00 3.2 107 8.486

10.18.2009 19:15:00 4.1 122 8.486

10.18.2009 19:45:00 5.0 121 8.369

10.18.2009 20:15:00 3.5 114 8.416

10.18.2009 20:45:00 3.5 137 8.346

10.18.2009 21:15:00 3.2 140 8.346

10.18.2009 21:45:00 3.8 112 8.509

10.18.2009 22:15:00 3.5 095 8.556

10.18.2009 22:45:00 5.0 102 8.509

10.18.2009 23:15:00 6.2 093 8.486

10.18.2009 23:45:00 3.5 076 8.439

98
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.19.2009 0:15:00 3.8 101 8.439

10.19.2009 0:45:00 2.6 102 8.463

10.19.2009 1:15:00 3.8 065 8.439

10.19.2009 1:45:00 2.9 052 8.579

10.19.2009 2:15:00 2.9 053 8.579

10.19.2009 2:45:00 3.5 051 8.603

10.19.2009 3:15:00 4.1 053 8.486

10.19.2009 3:45:00 3.2 037 8.439

10.19.2009 4:15:00 2.3 016 8.416

10.19.2009 4:45:00 2.1 047 8.416

10.19.2009 5:15:00 2.3 063 8.416

10.19.2009 5:45:00 2.6 068 8.393

10.19.2009 6:15:00 2.6 077 8.439

10.19.2009 6:45:00 2.6 091 8.486

10.19.2009 7:15:00 2.9 118 8.556

10.19.2009 7:45:00 3.8 110 8.579

10.19.2009 8:15:00 4.4 095 8.603

10.19.2009 8:45:00 4.4 079 8.603

10.19.2009 9:15:00 4.7 075 8.579

10.19.2009 9:45:00 5.0 072 8.556

10.19.2009 10:15:00 4.7 074 8.579

10.19.2009 10:45:00 5.3 082 8.603

10.19.2009 11:15:00 4.7 075 8.603

10.19.2009 11:45:00 5.3 073 8.579

10.19.2009 12:15:00 6.2 079 8.556

10.19.2009 12:45:00 5.0 071 8.556

10.19.2009 13:15:00 5.0 071 8.556

10.19.2009 13:45:00 4.4 078 8.556

10.19.2009 14:15:00 3.5 068 8.533

10.19.2009 14:45:00 2.1 060 8.533

10.19.2009 15:15:00 1.5 041 8.579

10.19.2009 15:45:00 2.9 063 8.603

10.19.2009 16:15:00 2.9 052 8.603

10.19.2009 16:45:00 3.2 079 8.579

10.19.2009 17:15:00 0.6 340 8.603

10.19.2009 17:45:00 2.9 085 8.673

10.19.2009 18:15:00 2.1 092 8.626

10.19.2009 18:45:00 3.2 107 8.603

10.19.2009 19:15:00 3.2 133 8.533

10.19.2009 19:45:00 2.9 182 8.556

10.19.2009 20:15:00 2.9 184 8.603

10.19.2009 20:45:00 3.2 188 8.673

10.19.2009 21:15:00 3.5 187 8.673

10.19.2009 21:45:00 4.4 188 8.719

10.19.2009 22:15:00 5.0 187 8.766

10.19.2009 22:45:00 4.7 201 8.766

10.19.2009 23:15:00 5.6 208 8.766

10.19.2009 23:45:00 8.2 213 8.743

99
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.20.2009 0:15:00 9.4 219 8.696

10.20.2009 0:45:00 9.4 226 8.719

10.20.2009 1:15:00 10.9 230 8.743

10.20.2009 1:45:00 10.3 229 8.766

10.20.2009 2:15:00 10.0 230 8.813

10.20.2009 2:45:00 10.6 245 8.789

10.20.2009 3:15:00 12.6 246 8.813

10.20.2009 3:45:00 14.4 244 8.906

10.20.2009 4:15:00 14.4 252 8.906

10.20.2009 4:45:00 15.0 253 8.930

10.20.2009 5:15:00 17.3 257 8.813

10.20.2009 5:45:00 15.8 260 8.906

10.20.2009 6:15:00 17.9 264 8.813

10.20.2009 6:45:00 15.8 262 8.930

10.20.2009 7:15:00 17.3 264 8.766

10.20.2009 7:45:00 17.6 267 8.789

10.20.2009 8:15:00 18.8 263 8.906

10.20.2009 8:45:00 17.9 261 8.743

10.20.2009 9:15:00 18.2 263 8.509

10.20.2009 9:45:00 18.5 262 8.813

10.20.2009 10:15:00 18.8 264 8.743

10.20.2009 10:45:00 17.9 269 8.766

10.20.2009 11:15:00 19.7 268 8.673

10.20.2009 11:45:00 18.2 265 8.766

10.20.2009 12:15:00 17.9 264 8.859

10.20.2009 12:45:00 17.3 267 8.813

10.20.2009 13:15:00 17.9 266 8.766

10.20.2009 13:45:00 17.9 265 8.719

10.20.2009 14:15:00 20.8 260 8.603

10.20.2009 14:45:00 21.1 257 8.696

10.20.2009 15:15:00 22.6 258 8.556

10.20.2009 15:45:00 24.3 261 8.439

10.20.2009 16:15:00 24.3 258 8.463

10.20.2009 16:45:00 23.8 258 8.439

10.20.2009 17:15:00 24.1 257 8.393

10.20.2009 17:45:00 26.4 258 8.416

10.20.2009 18:15:00 24.9 255 8.416

10.20.2009 18:45:00 26.7 255 8.603

10.20.2009 19:15:00 26.7 255 8.509

10.20.2009 19:45:00 25.8 257 8.369

10.20.2009 20:15:00 26.4 258 8.369

10.20.2009 20:45:00 25.8 257 8.579

10.20.2009 21:15:00 23.5 257 8.509

10.20.2009 21:45:00 23.5 259 8.486

10.20.2009 22:15:00 23.8 256 8.533

10.20.2009 22:45:00 22.6 256 8.463

10.20.2009 23:15:00 24.9 251 8.579

10.20.2009 23:45:00 24.6 251 8.649

100
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.21.2009 0:15:00 26.1 249 8.673

10.21.2009 0:45:00 25.5 251 8.766

10.21.2009 1:15:00 24.3 254 8.579

10.21.2009 1:45:00 26.4 252 8.603

10.21.2009 2:15:00 25.8 254 8.603

10.21.2009 2:45:00 24.6 254 8.649

10.21.2009 3:15:00 27.6 256 8.673

10.21.2009 3:45:00 28.2 256 8.719

10.21.2009 4:15:00 26.4 255 8.719

10.21.2009 4:45:00 28.2 255 8.766

10.21.2009 5:15:00 26.7 256 8.789

10.21.2009 5:45:00 27.0 256 8.813

10.21.2009 6:15:00 29.0 257 8.836

10.21.2009 6:45:00 27.9 261 8.883

10.21.2009 7:15:00 28.7 262 8.906

10.21.2009 7:45:00 26.7 263 8.930

10.21.2009 8:15:00 29.0 262 8.976

10.21.2009 8:45:00 26.7 262 9.023

10.21.2009 9:15:00 26.1 261 9.000

10.21.2009 9:45:00 27.6 261 8.976

10.21.2009 10:15:00 24.6 261 8.976

10.21.2009 10:45:00 24.3 260 8.930

10.21.2009 11:15:00 23.5 259 8.930

10.21.2009 11:45:00 20.2 257 8.930

10.21.2009 12:15:00 21.4 259 8.906

10.21.2009 12:45:00 17.9 262 8.859

10.21.2009 13:15:00 20.2 258 8.930

10.21.2009 13:45:00 20.2 259 8.930

10.21.2009 14:15:00 21.1 256 8.883

10.21.2009 14:45:00 20.2 252 8.883

10.21.2009 15:15:00 22.3 251 8.883

10.21.2009 15:45:00 22.9 255 8.930

10.21.2009 16:15:00 23.5 252 9.023

10.21.2009 16:45:00 23.8 251 9.046

10.21.2009 17:15:00 23.5 250 9.116

10.21.2009 17:45:00 23.2 253 9.023

10.21.2009 18:15:00 21.4 250 9.046

10.21.2009 18:45:00 22.3 246 9.070

10.21.2009 19:15:00 19.9 252 9.046

10.21.2009 19:45:00 20.8 250 9.000

10.21.2009 20:15:00 19.4 253 9.000

10.21.2009 20:45:00 22.3 252 9.000

10.21.2009 21:15:00 21.4 255 9.023

10.21.2009 21:45:00 21.7 256 9.046

10.21.2009 22:15:00 21.7 254 9.070

10.21.2009 22:45:00 27.0 253 9.093

10.21.2009 23:15:00 26.1 252 9.093

10.21.2009 23:45:00 26.7 252 9.163

101
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.22.2009 0:15:00 26.7 254 9.140

10.22.2009 0:45:00 25.2 259 9.187

10.22.2009 1:15:00 25.5 263 9.187

10.22.2009 1:45:00 26.7 263 9.187

10.22.2009 2:15:00 28.2 258 9.233

10.22.2009 2:45:00 25.5 261 9.187

10.22.2009 3:15:00 24.6 255 9.233

10.22.2009 3:45:00 25.5 255 9.257

10.22.2009 4:15:00 26.1 256 9.327

10.22.2009 4:45:00 24.6 252 9.233

10.22.2009 5:15:00 27.9 255 9.233

10.22.2009 5:45:00 24.9 253 9.233

10.22.2009 6:15:00 27.9 250 9.304

10.22.2009 6:45:00 29.6 254 9.280

10.22.2009 7:15:00 28.7 251 9.280

10.22.2009 7:45:00 31.4 253 9.304

10.22.2009 8:15:00 35.2 254 9.327

10.22.2009 8:45:00 34.6 253 9.350

10.22.2009 9:15:00 35.8 255 9.350

10.22.2009 9:45:00 33.4 256 9.421

10.22.2009 10:15:00 33.4 257 9.374

10.22.2009 10:45:00 33.7 254 9.421

10.22.2009 11:15:00 34.3 252 9.444

10.22.2009 11:45:00 32.6 255 9.444

10.22.2009 12:15:00 33.4 258 9.514

10.22.2009 12:45:00 29.0 259 9.467

10.22.2009 13:15:00 30.8 252 9.444

10.22.2009 13:45:00 27.6 252 9.421

10.22.2009 14:15:00 26.1 257 9.491

10.22.2009 14:45:00 28.5 259 9.491

10.22.2009 15:15:00 28.2 260 9.421

10.22.2009 15:45:00 25.8 261 9.467

10.22.2009 16:15:00 28.7 257 9.421

10.22.2009 16:45:00 25.8 257 9.444

10.22.2009 17:15:00 28.7 258 9.491

10.22.2009 17:45:00 27.6 258 9.467

10.22.2009 18:15:00 29.6 258 9.491

10.22.2009 18:45:00 27.9 255 9.491

10.22.2009 19:15:00 29.0 252 9.655

10.22.2009 19:45:00 28.2 250 9.608

10.22.2009 20:15:00 24.6 252 9.678

10.22.2009 20:45:00 23.2 248 9.748

10.22.2009 21:15:00 22.3 254 9.538

10.22.2009 21:45:00 22.6 254 9.725

10.22.2009 22:15:00 23.5 255 9.561

10.22.2009 22:45:00 23.2 261 9.584

10.22.2009 23:15:00 24.6 259 9.631

10.22.2009 23:45:00 24.6 258 9.608

102
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.23.2009 0:15:00 24.3 258 9.655

10.23.2009 0:45:00 27.6 261 9.655

10.23.2009 1:15:00 30.2 261 9.678

10.23.2009 1:45:00 28.5 261 9.678

10.23.2009 2:15:00 27.6 262 9.678

10.23.2009 2:45:00 29.3 264 9.702

10.23.2009 3:15:00 29.0 259 9.725

10.23.2009 3:45:00 27.0 262 9.725

10.23.2009 4:15:00 27.6 264 9.702

10.23.2009 4:45:00 26.4 266 9.678

10.23.2009 5:15:00 29.0 266 9.748

10.23.2009 5:45:00 27.3 261 9.889

10.23.2009 6:15:00 23.5 259 9.748

10.23.2009 6:45:00 24.1 261 9.912

10.23.2009 7:15:00 23.5 261 9.889

10.23.2009 7:45:00 21.7 257 10.030

10.23.2009 8:15:00 20.2 262 9.983

10.23.2009 8:45:00 20.8 259 9.912

10.23.2009 9:15:00 19.1 264 9.912

10.23.2009 9:45:00 22.3 258 9.889

10.23.2009 10:15:00 23.2 260 9.983

10.23.2009 10:45:00 21.1 259 9.912

10.23.2009 11:15:00 19.1 256 9.912

10.23.2009 11:45:00 16.7 252 9.983

10.23.2009 12:15:00 14.1 256 9.983

10.23.2009 12:45:00 13.8 252 9.936

10.23.2009 13:15:00 12.3 255 9.983

10.23.2009 13:45:00 9.7 257 9.959

10.23.2009 14:15:00 9.7 243 9.959

10.23.2009 14:45:00 10.0 248 9.912

10.23.2009 15:15:00 10.6 237 9.912

10.23.2009 15:45:00 10.9 234 9.912

10.23.2009 16:15:00 9.4 242 9.889

10.23.2009 16:45:00 14.7 234 9.866

10.23.2009 17:15:00 14.4 235 9.842

10.23.2009 17:45:00 14.7 237 9.842

10.23.2009 18:15:00 15.8 231 9.795

10.23.2009 18:45:00 13.8 230 9.748

10.23.2009 19:15:00 15.0 231 9.702

10.23.2009 19:45:00 16.4 236 9.655

10.23.2009 20:15:00 17.0 240 9.631

10.23.2009 20:45:00 18.5 239 9.631

10.23.2009 21:15:00 17.9 237 9.655

10.23.2009 21:45:00 15.8 234 9.655

10.23.2009 22:15:00 16.4 227 9.655

10.23.2009 22:45:00 18.5 233 9.631

10.23.2009 23:15:00 19.7 243 9.655

10.23.2009 23:45:00 20.5 244 9.631

103
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.24.2009 0:15:00 18.8 248 9.655

10.24.2009 0:45:00 18.8 254 9.702

10.24.2009 1:15:00 16.4 253 9.702

10.24.2009 1:45:00 18.8 251 9.725

10.24.2009 2:15:00 16.4 242 9.702

10.24.2009 2:45:00 18.5 246 9.702

10.24.2009 3:15:00 16.1 254 9.748

10.24.2009 3:45:00 14.4 261 9.772

10.24.2009 4:15:00 14.4 263 9.795

10.24.2009 4:45:00 13.2 256 9.702

10.24.2009 5:15:00 15.0 254 9.725

10.24.2009 5:45:00 15.8 261 9.936

10.24.2009 6:15:00 17.0 263 10.217

10.24.2009 6:45:00 17.3 266 10.194

10.24.2009 7:15:00 14.7 274 10.358

10.24.2009 7:45:00 12.9 278 10.311

10.24.2009 8:15:00 13.5 271 10.170

10.24.2009 8:45:00 12.3 272 10.241

10.24.2009 9:15:00 11.1 271 10.124

10.24.2009 9:45:00 10.9 269 10.264

10.24.2009 10:15:00 10.0 271 10.358

10.24.2009 10:45:00 10.0 283 10.053

10.24.2009 11:15:00 13.2 271 10.030

10.24.2009 11:45:00 10.3 282 10.264

10.24.2009 12:15:00 8.8 276 10.523

10.24.2009 12:45:00 5.6 266 10.546

10.24.2009 13:15:00 5.3 274 10.452

10.24.2009 13:45:00 9.4 291 10.311

10.24.2009 14:15:00 8.2 286 10.288

10.24.2009 14:45:00 8.2 287 10.311

10.24.2009 15:15:00 7.6 274 10.053

10.24.2009 15:45:00 5.9 268 9.842

10.24.2009 16:15:00 5.3 183 9.819

10.24.2009 16:45:00 7.3 203 9.795

10.24.2009 17:15:00 7.0 171 9.819

10.24.2009 17:45:00 7.0 182 9.678

10.24.2009 18:15:00 6.7 163 9.748

10.24.2009 18:45:00 7.0 192 9.748

10.24.2009 19:15:00 5.9 187 9.819

10.24.2009 19:45:00 2.6 226 9.959

10.24.2009 20:15:00 2.3 308 9.983

10.24.2009 20:45:00 3.8 351 9.889

10.24.2009 21:15:00 2.9 012 9.795

10.24.2009 21:45:00 3.5 043 9.842

10.24.2009 22:15:00 0.6 072 9.842

10.24.2009 22:45:00 0.6 002 9.842

10.24.2009 23:15:00 1.8 040 9.819

10.24.2009 23:45:00 1.5 065 9.795

104
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.25.2009 0:15:00 1.8 169 9.795

10.25.2009 0:45:00 1.8 180 9.912

10.25.2009 1:15:00 4.4 177 9.889

10.25.2009 1:45:00 1.5 145 9.912

10.25.2009 2:15:00 1.5 135 9.936

10.25.2009 2:45:00 2.6 156 9.702

10.25.2009 3:15:00 5.6 137 9.655

10.25.2009 3:45:00 5.9 152 9.608

10.25.2009 4:15:00 6.2 145 9.608

10.25.2009 4:45:00 5.0 148 9.608

10.25.2009 5:15:00 5.6 150 9.584

10.25.2009 5:45:00 5.3 139 9.561

10.25.2009 6:15:00 3.8 151 9.561

10.25.2009 6:45:00 5.6 147 9.561

10.25.2009 7:15:00 5.0 127 9.514

10.25.2009 7:45:00 6.5 139 9.491

10.25.2009 8:15:00 3.8 141 9.514

10.25.2009 8:45:00 4.7 172 9.538

10.25.2009 9:15:00 2.9 153 9.491

10.25.2009 9:45:00 3.8 146 9.538

10.25.2009 10:15:00 3.2 132 9.514

10.25.2009 10:45:00 5.0 133 9.514

10.25.2009 11:15:00 5.3 118 9.491

10.25.2009 11:45:00 4.1 114 9.491

10.25.2009 12:15:00 4.1 136 9.491

10.25.2009 12:45:00 4.1 135 9.467

10.25.2009 13:15:00 6.2 126 9.514

10.25.2009 13:45:00 7.0 120 9.514

10.25.2009 14:15:00 5.0 115 9.444

10.25.2009 14:45:00 5.3 109 9.397

10.25.2009 15:15:00 6.2 100 9.421

10.25.2009 15:45:00 6.2 107 9.374

10.25.2009 16:15:00 5.3 116 9.350

10.25.2009 16:45:00 6.2 111 9.374

10.25.2009 17:15:00 5.6 110 9.444

10.25.2009 17:45:00 4.7 096 9.444

10.25.2009 18:15:00 7.0 106 9.350

10.25.2009 18:45:00 5.3 114 9.327

10.25.2009 19:15:00 7.0 113 9.444

10.25.2009 19:45:00 7.3 116 9.374

10.25.2009 20:15:00 6.5 104 9.421

10.25.2009 20:45:00 6.2 103 9.421

10.25.2009 21:15:00 5.0 100 9.421

10.25.2009 21:45:00 5.6 090 9.421

10.25.2009 22:15:00 7.0 092 9.350

10.25.2009 22:45:00 4.4 084 9.350

10.25.2009 23:15:00 4.1 099 9.280

10.25.2009 23:45:00 5.0 091 9.350

105
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.26.2009 0:15:00 7.3 114 9.397

10.26.2009 0:45:00 7.6 114 9.374

10.26.2009 1:15:00 7.6 114 9.304

10.26.2009 1:45:00 7.6 121 9.304

10.26.2009 2:15:00 5.9 149 9.233

10.26.2009 2:45:00 5.9 144 9.257

10.26.2009 3:15:00 4.7 160 9.280

10.26.2009 3:45:00 5.9 133 9.421

10.26.2009 4:15:00 5.3 132 9.421

10.26.2009 4:45:00 3.5 137 9.491

10.26.2009 5:15:00 2.6 131 9.444

10.26.2009 5:45:00 3.5 091 9.491

10.26.2009 6:15:00 2.9 080 9.491

10.26.2009 6:45:00 2.1 085 9.467

10.26.2009 7:15:00 3.5 068 9.421

10.26.2009 7:45:00 3.5 083 9.397

10.26.2009 8:15:00 1.8 076 9.374

10.26.2009 8:45:00 2.3 064 9.444

10.26.2009 9:15:00 1.5 104 9.444

10.26.2009 9:45:00 2.3 119 9.397

10.26.2009 10:15:00 1.5 092 9.421

10.26.2009 10:45:00 2.1 083 9.374

10.26.2009 11:15:00 3.5 098 9.374

10.26.2009 11:45:00 0.9 086 9.350

10.26.2009 12:15:00 2.3 073 9.374

10.26.2009 12:45:00 1.8 104 9.350

10.26.2009 13:15:00 3.5 043 9.374

10.26.2009 13:45:00 2.1 078 9.350

10.26.2009 14:15:00 3.8 062 9.350

10.26.2009 14:45:00 2.3 082 9.350

10.26.2009 15:15:00 2.3 100 9.350

10.26.2009 15:45:00 2.9 049 9.350

10.26.2009 16:15:00 3.2 054 9.327

10.26.2009 16:45:00 2.6 014 9.327

10.26.2009 17:15:00 2.9 070 9.304

10.26.2009 17:45:00 0.9 054 9.350

10.26.2009 18:15:00 2.9 055 9.374

10.26.2009 18:45:00 3.5 058 9.280

10.26.2009 19:15:00 3.8 075 9.280

10.26.2009 19:45:00 2.6 058 9.233

10.26.2009 20:15:00 1.5 039 9.257

10.26.2009 20:45:00 1.8 062 9.187

10.26.2009 21:15:00 1.2 052 9.233

10.26.2009 21:45:00 3.8 071 9.233

10.26.2009 22:15:00 2.9 094 9.233

10.26.2009 22:45:00 4.1 081 9.187

10.26.2009 23:15:00 3.2 110 9.187

10.26.2009 23:45:00 1.5 120 9.187

106
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.27.2009 0:15:00 4.4 103 9.140

10.27.2009 0:45:00 3.2 136 9.116

10.27.2009 1:15:00 2.9 123 9.116

10.27.2009 1:45:00 1.8 138 9.140

10.27.2009 2:15:00 3.2 132 9.116

10.27.2009 2:45:00 2.9 130 9.163

10.27.2009 3:15:00 1.8 114 9.163

10.27.2009 3:45:00 1.2 165 9.163

10.27.2009 4:15:00 1.5 057 9.187

10.27.2009 4:45:00 1.2 338 9.280

10.27.2009 5:15:00 1.5 080 9.257

10.27.2009 5:45:00 2.3 033 9.233

10.27.2009 6:15:00 3.5 024 9.233

10.27.2009 6:45:00 3.2 040 9.257

10.27.2009 7:15:00 4.4 042 9.233

10.27.2009 7:45:00 3.2 024 9.187

10.27.2009 8:15:00 3.8 027 9.163

10.27.2009 8:45:00 2.6 002 9.140

10.27.2009 9:15:00 2.6 334 9.163

10.27.2009 9:45:00 2.3 021 9.116

10.27.2009 10:15:00 2.1 350 9.046

10.27.2009 10:45:00 3.8 011 9.070

10.27.2009 11:15:00 4.1 025 9.070

10.27.2009 11:45:00 3.5 014 9.023

10.27.2009 12:15:00 4.1 025 8.976

10.27.2009 12:45:00 3.8 030 8.953

10.27.2009 13:15:00 3.5 043 8.883

10.27.2009 13:45:00 4.7 046 8.836

10.27.2009 14:15:00 3.2 060 8.859

10.27.2009 14:45:00 3.5 065 8.836

10.27.2009 15:15:00 3.8 080 8.813

10.27.2009 15:45:00 3.2 124 8.859

10.27.2009 16:15:00 4.4 114 8.883

10.27.2009 16:45:00 3.2 133 8.883

10.27.2009 17:15:00 5.0 156 8.836

10.27.2009 17:45:00 4.4 157 8.789

10.27.2009 18:15:00 5.0 174 8.766

10.27.2009 18:45:00 4.1 191 8.906

10.27.2009 19:15:00 3.8 169 8.883

10.27.2009 19:45:00 3.2 166 8.976

10.27.2009 20:15:00 4.1 165 9.023

10.27.2009 20:45:00 3.2 185 9.023

10.27.2009 21:15:00 2.1 212 9.023

10.27.2009 21:45:00 1.2 115 9.046

10.27.2009 22:15:00 1.5 039 9.023

10.27.2009 22:45:00 2.1 018 9.023

10.27.2009 23:15:00 2.6 027 8.953

10.27.2009 23:45:00 2.9 360 8.930

107
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.28.2009 0:15:00 3.5 329 8.976

10.28.2009 0:45:00 2.6 354 8.930

10.28.2009 1:15:00 2.3 072 8.859

10.28.2009 1:45:00 1.5 084 8.813

10.28.2009 2:15:00 4.4 123 8.813

10.28.2009 2:45:00 3.5 149 8.813

10.28.2009 3:15:00 3.5 134 8.813

10.28.2009 3:45:00 3.5 153 8.743

10.28.2009 4:15:00 5.0 153 8.743

10.28.2009 4:45:00 5.0 136 8.766

10.28.2009 5:15:00 5.6 161 8.766

10.28.2009 5:45:00 5.9 147 8.766

10.28.2009 6:15:00 6.2 135 8.743

10.28.2009 6:45:00 5.3 147 8.766

10.28.2009 7:15:00 6.2 139 8.789

10.28.2009 7:45:00 4.7 150 8.766

10.28.2009 8:15:00 5.9 151 8.743

10.28.2009 8:45:00 5.0 152 8.789

10.28.2009 9:15:00 5.9 156 8.813

10.28.2009 9:45:00 5.6 166 8.813

10.28.2009 10:15:00 4.1 161 8.930

10.28.2009 10:45:00 3.8 168 9.000

10.28.2009 11:15:00 3.2 159 9.000

10.28.2009 11:45:00 3.2 141 9.000

10.28.2009 12:15:00 2.1 183 8.976

10.28.2009 12:45:00 2.1 134 8.953

10.28.2009 13:15:00 2.3 155 8.953

10.28.2009 13:45:00 1.2 157 8.976

10.28.2009 14:15:00 1.8 114 9.023

10.28.2009 14:45:00 1.8 092 9.000

10.28.2009 15:15:00 1.2 052 8.976

10.28.2009 15:45:00 2.6 050 8.953

10.28.2009 16:15:00 3.5 059 8.953

10.28.2009 16:45:00 2.9 069 8.953

10.28.2009 17:15:00 2.6 104 8.953

10.28.2009 17:45:00 2.1 110 8.930

10.28.2009 18:15:00 2.6 092 8.906

10.28.2009 18:45:00 3.2 102 8.883

10.28.2009 19:15:00 3.2 073 8.836

10.28.2009 19:45:00 2.6 041 8.813

10.28.2009 20:15:00 3.5 070 8.789

10.28.2009 20:45:00 2.6 077 8.766

10.28.2009 21:15:00 2.9 096 8.743

10.28.2009 21:45:00 3.8 101 8.766

10.28.2009 22:15:00 3.8 103 8.719

10.28.2009 22:45:00 2.3 084 8.673

10.28.2009 23:15:00 2.3 087 8.673

10.28.2009 23:45:00 2.6 072 8.649

108
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.29.2009 0:15:00 2.3 055 8.603

10.29.2009 0:45:00 2.3 070 8.603

10.29.2009 1:15:00 2.3 082 8.603

10.29.2009 1:45:00 2.1 106 8.603

10.29.2009 2:15:00 2.9 075 8.579

10.29.2009 2:45:00 3.5 104 8.626

10.29.2009 3:15:00 4.7 112 8.626

10.29.2009 3:45:00 4.4 115 8.603

10.29.2009 4:15:00 5.9 099 8.603

10.29.2009 4:45:00 5.3 147 8.626

10.29.2009 5:15:00 7.0 129 8.626

10.29.2009 5:45:00 5.9 116 8.626

10.29.2009 6:15:00 6.2 109 8.626

10.29.2009 6:45:00 5.3 118 8.649

10.29.2009 7:15:00 7.0 106 8.743

10.29.2009 7:45:00 6.5 101 8.696

10.29.2009 8:15:00 6.5 090 8.673

10.29.2009 8:45:00 6.7 099 8.649

10.29.2009 9:15:00 6.7 102 8.649

10.29.2009 9:45:00 6.5 098 8.649

10.29.2009 10:15:00 6.5 101 8.626

10.29.2009 10:45:00 7.0 098 8.649

10.29.2009 11:15:00 7.9 097 8.556

10.29.2009 11:45:00 7.6 084 8.556

10.29.2009 12:15:00 6.7 073 8.533

10.29.2009 12:45:00 7.3 071 8.556

10.29.2009 13:15:00 6.7 070 8.579

10.29.2009 13:45:00 8.5 076 8.439

10.29.2009 14:15:00 8.5 050 8.556

10.29.2009 14:45:00 9.4 065 8.439

10.29.2009 15:15:00 10.0 060 8.509

10.29.2009 15:45:00 9.4 065 8.416

10.29.2009 16:15:00 8.8 058 8.393

10.29.2009 16:45:00 9.7 074 8.346

10.29.2009 17:15:00 8.5 068 8.393

10.29.2009 17:45:00 10.0 074 8.439

10.29.2009 18:15:00 10.3 078 8.416

10.29.2009 18:45:00 11.4 083 8.323

10.29.2009 19:15:00 11.4 083 8.229

10.29.2009 19:45:00 12.3 082 8.369

10.29.2009 20:15:00 12.3 086 8.253

10.29.2009 20:45:00 11.4 094 8.276

10.29.2009 21:15:00 12.6 091 8.253

10.29.2009 21:45:00 11.4 087 8.299

10.29.2009 22:15:00 11.4 089 8.276

10.29.2009 22:45:00 10.6 082 8.229

10.29.2009 23:15:00 9.7 075 8.159

10.29.2009 23:45:00 9.7 084 8.159

109
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.30.2009 0:15:00 10.0 075 8.019

10.30.2009 0:45:00 11.7 082 8.043

10.30.2009 1:15:00 12.6 079 8.043

10.30.2009 1:45:00 11.7 094 8.043

10.30.2009 2:15:00 11.7 087 8.113

10.30.2009 2:45:00 11.7 090 8.136

10.30.2009 3:15:00 12.0 090 8.159

10.30.2009 3:45:00 10.9 091 8.019

10.30.2009 4:15:00 13.2 097 8.159

10.30.2009 4:45:00 12.9 095 8.253

10.30.2009 5:15:00 13.2 089 8.276

10.30.2009 5:45:00 14.1 089 8.253

10.30.2009 6:15:00 11.1 091 8.183

10.30.2009 6:45:00 10.6 091 8.159

10.30.2009 7:15:00 9.7 097 8.089

10.30.2009 7:45:00 10.9 104 8.159

10.30.2009 8:15:00 9.4 095 8.253

10.30.2009 8:45:00 12.3 100 8.253

10.30.2009 9:15:00 12.3 097 8.253

10.30.2009 9:45:00 12.3 093 8.346

10.30.2009 10:15:00 11.1 088 8.369

10.30.2009 10:45:00 11.4 086 8.229

10.30.2009 11:15:00 12.6 084 8.183

10.30.2009 11:45:00 13.2 076 8.159

10.30.2009 12:15:00 12.3 083 8.136

10.30.2009 12:45:00 12.3 082 8.159

10.30.2009 13:15:00 13.2 091 8.113

10.30.2009 13:45:00 10.3 093 8.136

10.30.2009 14:15:00 13.5 082 8.253

10.30.2009 14:45:00 11.1 086 8.113

10.30.2009 15:15:00 11.4 086 8.113

10.30.2009 15:45:00 10.9 084 8.369

10.30.2009 16:15:00 14.1 084 8.533

10.30.2009 16:45:00 15.5 081 8.556

10.30.2009 17:15:00 15.0 080 8.509

10.30.2009 17:45:00 13.2 079 8.439

10.30.2009 18:15:00 13.5 078 8.486

10.30.2009 18:45:00 14.1 081 8.509

10.30.2009 19:15:00 14.4 076 8.393

10.30.2009 19:45:00 11.1 073 8.299

10.30.2009 20:15:00 10.0 080 8.393

10.30.2009 20:45:00 10.6 074 8.393

10.30.2009 21:15:00 9.7 082 8.369

10.30.2009 21:45:00 8.5 072 8.299

10.30.2009 22:15:00 8.8 073 8.463

10.30.2009 22:45:00 6.7 076 8.253

10.30.2009 23:15:00 7.9 083 8.533

10.30.2009 23:45:00 10.0 086 8.369

110
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10.31.2009 0:15:00 10.9 077 8.369

10.31.2009 0:45:00 8.8 077 8.346

10.31.2009 1:15:00 9.7 075 8.346

10.31.2009 1:45:00 11.7 081 8.393

10.31.2009 2:15:00 10.9 075 8.346

10.31.2009 2:45:00 11.1 078 8.416

10.31.2009 3:15:00 11.4 089 8.439

10.31.2009 3:45:00 12.0 084 8.416

10.31.2009 4:15:00 10.9 092 8.486

10.31.2009 4:45:00 11.4 091 8.393

10.31.2009 5:15:00 9.1 092 8.393

10.31.2009 5:45:00 10.9 103 8.393

10.31.2009 6:15:00 8.8 100 8.439

10.31.2009 6:45:00 9.7 101 8.439

10.31.2009 7:15:00 10.0 103 8.463

10.31.2009 7:45:00 9.1 097 8.439

10.31.2009 8:15:00 9.7 091 8.439

10.31.2009 8:45:00 9.7 081 8.509

10.31.2009 9:15:00 10.3 085 8.463

10.31.2009 9:45:00 8.5 074 8.486

10.31.2009 10:15:00 10.0 072 8.509

10.31.2009 10:45:00 11.7 075 8.486

10.31.2009 11:15:00 11.1 064 8.486

10.31.2009 11:45:00 9.4 065 8.486

10.31.2009 12:15:00 9.1 052 8.486

10.31.2009 12:45:00 10.6 052 8.393

10.31.2009 13:15:00 11.1 052 8.393

10.31.2009 13:45:00 11.4 058 8.369

10.31.2009 14:15:00 10.0 056 8.299

10.31.2009 14:45:00 10.6 059 8.369

10.31.2009 15:15:00 13.2 070 8.299

10.31.2009 15:45:00 11.1 072 8.299

10.31.2009 16:15:00 11.1 076 8.276

10.31.2009 16:45:00 12.0 081 8.323

10.31.2009 17:15:00 10.3 086 8.229

10.31.2009 17:45:00 9.1 086 8.253

10.31.2009 18:15:00 9.7 094 8.253

10.31.2009 18:45:00 10.0 088 8.299

10.31.2009 19:15:00 10.0 098 8.299

10.31.2009 19:45:00 9.1 089 8.276

10.31.2009 20:15:00 10.6 094 8.323

10.31.2009 20:45:00 9.7 092 8.276

10.31.2009 21:15:00 8.8 088 8.323

10.31.2009 21:45:00 10.0 083 8.276

10.31.2009 22:15:00 10.0 076 8.253

10.31.2009 22:45:00 10.6 079 8.416

10.31.2009 23:15:00 9.4 079 8.369

10.31.2009 23:45:00 10.3 077 8.253

111
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/11/2009 0:15:00 8.2 082 8.323

1/11/2009 0:45:00 9.1 083 8.229

1/11/2009 1:15:00 8.2 073 8.416

1/11/2009 1:45:00 9.1 080 8.393

1/11/2009 2:15:00 10.3 078 8.393

1/11/2009 2:45:00 9.7 077 8.369

1/11/2009 3:15:00 8.5 078 8.369

1/11/2009 3:45:00 10.0 079 8.323

1/11/2009 4:15:00 9.4 078 8.369

1/11/2009 4:45:00 10.3 074 8.323

1/11/2009 5:15:00 10.9 076 8.346

1/11/2009 5:45:00 9.4 072 8.206

1/11/2009 6:15:00 7.9 067 8.299

1/11/2009 6:45:00 10.6 081 8.253

1/11/2009 7:15:00 10.9 076 8.276

1/11/2009 7:45:00 12.9 079 8.253

1/11/2009 8:15:00 11.7 080 8.253

1/11/2009 8:45:00 12.6 081 8.253

1/11/2009 9:15:00 10.0 085 8.253

1/11/2009 9:45:00 10.6 081 8.229

1/11/2009 10:15:00 12.0 084 8.323

1/11/2009 10:45:00 10.9 083 8.229

1/11/2009 11:15:00 10.0 076 8.183

1/11/2009 11:45:00 12.6 084 8.206

1/11/2009 12:15:00 10.6 076 8.323

1/11/2009 12:45:00 10.3 083 8.206

1/11/2009 13:15:00 10.3 084 8.346

1/11/2009 13:45:00 10.0 090 8.206

1/11/2009 14:15:00 11.4 090 8.183

1/11/2009 14:45:00 11.7 084 8.183

1/11/2009 15:15:00 9.4 083 8.113

1/11/2009 15:45:00 9.7 083 8.113

1/11/2009 16:15:00 10.6 084 8.066

1/11/2009 16:45:00 8.5 080 8.183

1/11/2009 17:15:00 9.4 080 8.136

1/11/2009 17:45:00 9.7 082 8.183

1/11/2009 18:15:00 11.1 080 8.159

1/11/2009 18:45:00 12.9 075 8.159

1/11/2009 19:15:00 12.6 076 8.206

1/11/2009 19:45:00 11.7 082 8.276

1/11/2009 20:15:00 10.9 080 8.183

1/11/2009 20:45:00 11.7 078 8.159

1/11/2009 21:15:00 11.1 077 8.206

1/11/2009 21:45:00 11.1 076 8.113

1/11/2009 22:15:00 11.1 072 8.089

1/11/2009 22:45:00 10.0 073 8.066

1/11/2009 23:15:00 10.0 079 8.089

1/11/2009 23:45:00 10.6 084 8.183

112
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/11/2009 0:15:00 11.4 087 8.206

2/11/2009 0:45:00 10.0 088 8.183

2/11/2009 1:15:00 10.0 080 8.113

2/11/2009 1:45:00 10.6 084 8.113

2/11/2009 2:15:00 9.4 083 8.136

2/11/2009 2:45:00 10.9 082 8.136

2/11/2009 3:15:00 9.7 080 8.136

2/11/2009 3:45:00 10.0 076 8.229

2/11/2009 4:15:00 8.8 085 8.066

2/11/2009 4:45:00 8.8 081 8.159

2/11/2009 5:15:00 11.4 083 8.183

2/11/2009 5:45:00 11.1 083 8.136

2/11/2009 6:15:00 10.9 079 8.136

2/11/2009 6:45:00 9.4 068 8.183

2/11/2009 7:15:00 9.4 070 8.159

2/11/2009 7:45:00 12.3 074 8.206

2/11/2009 8:15:00 12.6 069 8.206

2/11/2009 8:45:00 13.2 064 8.113

2/11/2009 9:15:00 10.0 059 8.229

2/11/2009 9:45:00 11.7 063 8.346

2/11/2009 10:15:00 12.3 059 8.183

2/11/2009 10:45:00 12.0 057 8.183

2/11/2009 11:15:00 12.0 057 8.206

2/11/2009 11:45:00 11.7 057 8.253

2/11/2009 12:15:00 11.1 060 8.183

2/11/2009 12:45:00 12.3 060 8.159

2/11/2009 13:15:00 13.5 066 8.416

2/11/2009 13:45:00 11.1 062 8.346

2/11/2009 14:15:00 13.8 063 8.299

2/11/2009 14:45:00 11.4 064 8.159

2/11/2009 15:15:00 10.6 057 8.206

2/11/2009 15:45:00 12.6 059 8.253

2/11/2009 16:15:00 12.3 054 8.369

2/11/2009 16:45:00 12.6 069 8.346

2/11/2009 17:15:00 12.3 065 8.509

2/11/2009 17:45:00 10.9 070 8.416

2/11/2009 18:15:00 12.9 057 8.439

2/11/2009 18:45:00 13.2 056 8.369

2/11/2009 19:15:00 12.6 060 8.323

2/11/2009 19:45:00 10.0 056 8.393

2/11/2009 20:15:00 10.3 064 8.369

2/11/2009 20:45:00 10.0 065 8.299

2/11/2009 21:15:00 10.6 069 8.323

2/11/2009 21:45:00 10.6 066 8.299

2/11/2009 22:15:00 9.7 069 8.276

2/11/2009 22:45:00 9.7 071 8.253

2/11/2009 23:15:00 9.4 074 8.253

2/11/2009 23:45:00 8.8 073 8.206

113
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/11/2009 0:15:00 10.9 069 8.299

3/11/2009 0:45:00 11.4 065 8.136

3/11/2009 1:15:00 9.4 062 8.229

3/11/2009 1:45:00 7.3 063 8.113

3/11/2009 2:15:00 9.1 073 8.183

3/11/2009 2:45:00 7.0 067 8.323

3/11/2009 3:15:00 8.5 073 8.556

3/11/2009 3:45:00 7.6 068 8.439

3/11/2009 4:15:00 11.1 057 8.393

3/11/2009 4:45:00 10.3 059 8.439

3/11/2009 5:15:00 10.3 066 8.509

3/11/2009 5:45:00 10.6 060 8.439

3/11/2009 6:15:00 10.0 049 8.369

3/11/2009 6:45:00 8.5 050 8.346

3/11/2009 7:15:00 10.0 047 8.276

3/11/2009 7:45:00 8.2 047 8.369

3/11/2009 8:15:00 9.4 059 8.229

3/11/2009 8:45:00 8.8 055 8.229

3/11/2009 9:15:00 8.2 052 8.299

3/11/2009 9:45:00 6.7 065 8.323

3/11/2009 10:15:00 7.3 055 8.299

3/11/2009 10:45:00 7.9 070 8.416

3/11/2009 11:15:00 7.0 058 8.323

3/11/2009 11:45:00 7.9 072 8.393

3/11/2009 12:15:00 8.8 068 8.439

3/11/2009 12:45:00 7.3 076 8.533

3/11/2009 13:15:00 8.8 078 8.556

3/11/2009 13:45:00 8.5 082 8.556

3/11/2009 14:15:00 7.3 084 8.556

3/11/2009 14:45:00 7.9 079 8.556

3/11/2009 15:15:00 6.5 066 8.556

3/11/2009 15:45:00 7.6 077 8.579

3/11/2009 16:15:00 8.5 078 8.649

3/11/2009 16:45:00 9.1 082 8.649

3/11/2009 17:15:00 9.1 082 8.719

3/11/2009 17:45:00 9.1 083 8.649

3/11/2009 18:15:00 8.5 079 8.673

3/11/2009 18:45:00 7.3 072 8.603

3/11/2009 19:15:00 9.4 084 8.719

3/11/2009 19:45:00 10.3 078 8.719

3/11/2009 20:15:00 10.9 087 8.743

3/11/2009 20:45:00 9.1 085 8.813

3/11/2009 21:15:00 10.9 090 8.813

3/11/2009 21:45:00 10.0 086 8.859

3/11/2009 22:15:00 10.6 082 8.789

3/11/2009 22:45:00 9.1 068 8.813

3/11/2009 23:15:00 9.7 078 8.813

3/11/2009 23:45:00 9.7 070 8.743

114
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/11/2009 0:15:00 9.4 069 8.789

4/11/2009 0:45:00 7.6 092 8.743

4/11/2009 1:15:00 7.9 094 8.859

4/11/2009 1:45:00 10.9 091 8.859

4/11/2009 2:15:00 10.0 085 8.976

4/11/2009 2:45:00 11.1 081 8.976

4/11/2009 3:15:00 12.0 070 8.953

4/11/2009 3:45:00 10.0 068 8.976

4/11/2009 4:15:00 11.1 071 8.930

4/11/2009 4:45:00 10.0 067 8.930

4/11/2009 5:15:00 11.1 070 8.930

4/11/2009 5:45:00 10.6 072 8.859

4/11/2009 6:15:00 10.6 068 8.813

4/11/2009 6:45:00 10.6 074 8.859

4/11/2009 7:15:00 8.5 078 8.813

4/11/2009 7:45:00 8.8 082 8.836

4/11/2009 8:15:00 8.2 088 8.766

4/11/2009 8:45:00 8.5 078 8.859

4/11/2009 9:15:00 10.3 087 8.883

4/11/2009 9:45:00 9.1 090 8.883

4/11/2009 10:15:00 8.8 086 8.883

4/11/2009 10:45:00 7.6 093 8.906

4/11/2009 11:15:00 8.2 085 8.930

4/11/2009 11:45:00 7.6 091 8.906

4/11/2009 12:15:00 7.0 102 8.953

4/11/2009 12:45:00 6.2 094 8.976

4/11/2009 13:15:00 6.5 103 9.000

4/11/2009 13:45:00 5.9 102 9.000

4/11/2009 14:15:00 2.9 114 9.000

4/11/2009 14:45:00 4.1 151 9.070

4/11/2009 15:15:00 4.1 159 9.163

4/11/2009 15:45:00 0.9 160 9.233

4/11/2009 16:15:00 1.5 022 9.187

4/11/2009 16:45:00 2.3 028 9.187

4/11/2009 17:15:00 1.8 351 9.187

4/11/2009 17:45:00 2.9 005 9.233

4/11/2009 18:15:00 4.1 002 9.163

4/11/2009 18:45:00 4.1 304 9.093

4/11/2009 19:15:00 2.3 292 9.093

4/11/2009 19:45:00 2.6 325 9.163

4/11/2009 20:15:00 1.8 330 9.093

4/11/2009 20:45:00 1.5 348 9.093

4/11/2009 21:15:00 0.6 309 9.046

4/11/2009 21:45:00 1.2 311 9.023

4/11/2009 22:15:00 0.6 143 8.906

4/11/2009 22:45:00 2.1 281 9.023

4/11/2009 23:15:00 2.3 257 9.023

4/11/2009 23:45:00 2.9 285 8.930

115
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/11/2009 0:15:00 4.1 252 8.883

5/11/2009 0:45:00 5.0 246 8.836

5/11/2009 1:15:00 5.3 249 8.859

5/11/2009 1:45:00 7.9 252 8.743

5/11/2009 2:15:00 8.5 252 8.789

5/11/2009 2:45:00 9.1 253 8.859

5/11/2009 3:15:00 7.6 233 8.953

5/11/2009 3:45:00 6.2 237 8.930

5/11/2009 4:15:00 6.5 238 8.953

5/11/2009 4:45:00 5.3 236 9.000

5/11/2009 5:15:00 5.6 236 8.953

5/11/2009 5:45:00 6.7 242 9.046

5/11/2009 6:15:00 7.0 235 9.046

5/11/2009 6:45:00 5.3 217 9.093

5/11/2009 7:15:00 5.9 218 9.116

5/11/2009 7:45:00 7.6 226 9.046

5/11/2009 8:15:00 9.1 233 9.070

5/11/2009 8:45:00 9.1 238 9.046

5/11/2009 9:15:00 10.3 245 9.070

5/11/2009 9:45:00 12.3 244 9.000

5/11/2009 10:15:00 16.1 246 9.000

5/11/2009 10:45:00 16.1 245 9.140

5/11/2009 11:15:00 15.8 249 9.046

5/11/2009 11:45:00 18.2 249 8.976

5/11/2009 12:15:00 17.9 249 9.000

5/11/2009 12:45:00 17.9 251 8.813

5/11/2009 13:15:00 17.6 251 9.046

5/11/2009 13:45:00 17.3 252 9.257

5/11/2009 14:15:00 17.0 256 9.233

5/11/2009 14:45:00 17.3 262 8.976

5/11/2009 15:15:00 18.2 257 8.930

5/11/2009 15:45:00 19.4 259 8.906

5/11/2009 16:15:00 18.2 264 8.906

5/11/2009 16:45:00 18.5 268 8.906

5/11/2009 17:15:00 17.3 267 8.883

5/11/2009 17:45:00 16.1 272 8.859

5/11/2009 18:15:00 15.8 265 8.859

5/11/2009 18:45:00 17.0 261 8.906

5/11/2009 19:15:00 15.5 264 8.883

5/11/2009 19:45:00 13.5 258 9.187

5/11/2009 20:15:00 12.6 251 8.883

5/11/2009 20:45:00 14.7 253 8.906

5/11/2009 21:15:00 14.4 246 8.883

5/11/2009 21:45:00 14.4 256 8.906

5/11/2009 22:15:00 15.0 250 8.906

5/11/2009 22:45:00 16.4 257 8.883

5/11/2009 23:15:00 17.3 254 9.000

5/11/2009 23:45:00 16.7 259 8.906

116
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/11/2009 0:15:00 16.4 256 8.883

6/11/2009 0:45:00 17.9 257 8.906

6/11/2009 1:15:00 15.8 260 8.859

6/11/2009 1:45:00 17.0 263 8.883

6/11/2009 2:15:00 15.3 257 8.883

6/11/2009 2:45:00 15.3 256 8.906

6/11/2009 3:15:00 15.3 250 8.930

6/11/2009 3:45:00 15.3 251 8.883

6/11/2009 4:15:00 15.0 256 8.906

6/11/2009 4:45:00 17.6 259 8.906

6/11/2009 5:15:00 16.1 261 8.906

6/11/2009 5:45:00 12.6 258 8.906

6/11/2009 6:15:00 6.7 240 8.883

6/11/2009 6:45:00 4.4 221 8.883

6/11/2009 7:15:00 1.5 239 8.883

6/11/2009 7:45:00 8.2 218 8.883

6/11/2009 8:15:00 9.7 222 8.883

6/11/2009 8:45:00 12.0 219 8.859

6/11/2009 9:15:00 13.8 228 8.813

6/11/2009 9:45:00 15.0 227 8.766

6/11/2009 10:15:00 16.1 233 8.789

6/11/2009 10:45:00 18.2 236 8.789

6/11/2009 11:15:00 18.5 238 8.789

6/11/2009 11:45:00 17.3 236 8.789

6/11/2009 12:15:00 17.6 237 8.789

6/11/2009 12:45:00 17.9 240 8.813

6/11/2009 13:15:00 18.2 241 8.836

6/11/2009 13:45:00 20.5 246 8.859

6/11/2009 14:15:00 19.9 244 8.883

6/11/2009 14:45:00 21.1 247 9.000

6/11/2009 15:15:00 23.8 246 8.906

6/11/2009 15:45:00 21.7 253 8.836

6/11/2009 16:15:00 24.1 254 8.859

6/11/2009 16:45:00 24.1 256 8.883

6/11/2009 17:15:00 22.9 259 8.836

6/11/2009 17:45:00 22.3 261 8.789

6/11/2009 18:15:00 22.3 259 8.813

6/11/2009 18:45:00 24.1 256 8.789

6/11/2009 19:15:00 25.5 256 8.696

6/11/2009 19:45:00 24.6 257 8.719

6/11/2009 20:15:00 27.9 257 8.836

6/11/2009 20:45:00 27.9 252 8.883

6/11/2009 21:15:00 28.2 251 8.766

6/11/2009 21:45:00 28.2 251 8.766

6/11/2009 22:15:00 27.3 251 8.813

6/11/2009 22:45:00 29.0 252 8.649

6/11/2009 23:15:00 29.9 251 8.649

6/11/2009 23:45:00 26.7 253 8.509

117
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/11/2009 0:15:00 31.7 254 8.603

7/11/2009 0:45:00 30.5 257 8.649

7/11/2009 1:15:00 30.2 257 8.673

7/11/2009 1:45:00 29.9 258 8.626

7/11/2009 2:15:00 29.6 258 8.579

7/11/2009 2:45:00 29.9 258 8.556

7/11/2009 3:15:00 31.4 256 8.696

7/11/2009 3:45:00 33.1 260 8.603

7/11/2009 4:15:00 31.1 259 8.743

7/11/2009 4:45:00 30.8 258 8.696

7/11/2009 5:15:00 30.2 259 8.579

7/11/2009 5:45:00 30.2 262 8.626

7/11/2009 6:15:00 26.1 259 8.533

7/11/2009 6:45:00 27.9 256 8.509

7/11/2009 7:15:00 28.5 258 8.533

7/11/2009 7:45:00 27.0 262 8.533

7/11/2009 8:15:00 27.6 261 8.673

7/11/2009 8:45:00 26.7 258 8.393

7/11/2009 9:15:00 30.5 257 8.533

7/11/2009 9:45:00 32.0 258 8.486

7/11/2009 10:15:00 34.6 255 8.579

7/11/2009 10:45:00 35.2 256 8.579

7/11/2009 11:15:00 34.6 257 8.626

7/11/2009 11:45:00 34.6 258 8.719

7/11/2009 12:15:00 35.2 256 8.719

7/11/2009 12:45:00 33.1 259 8.603

7/11/2009 13:15:00 34.9 256 8.556

7/11/2009 13:45:00 34.6 258 8.719

7/11/2009 14:15:00 35.5 259 8.673

7/11/2009 14:45:00 36.1 259 8.906

7/11/2009 15:15:00 32.6 261 8.649

7/11/2009 15:45:00 35.2 259 8.579

7/11/2009 16:15:00 37.8 261 8.626

7/11/2009 16:45:00 34.0 259 8.696

7/11/2009 17:15:00 34.9 258 8.649

7/11/2009 17:45:00 36.1 261 8.603

7/11/2009 18:15:00 37.5 262 8.579

7/11/2009 18:45:00 38.1 260 8.579

7/11/2009 19:15:00 39.0 258 8.626

7/11/2009 19:45:00 39.6 260 8.649

7/11/2009 20:15:00 37.8 259 8.649

7/11/2009 20:45:00 34.3 259 8.649

7/11/2009 21:15:00 36.1 257 8.626

7/11/2009 21:45:00 36.7 256 8.649

7/11/2009 22:15:00 37.0 256 8.719

7/11/2009 22:45:00 36.7 259 8.673

7/11/2009 23:15:00 36.4 259 8.766

7/11/2009 23:45:00 35.5 257 8.719

118
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/11/2009 0:15:00 35.2 258 8.719

8/11/2009 0:45:00 32.8 258 8.743

8/11/2009 1:15:00 32.8 256 8.836

8/11/2009 1:45:00 31.1 259 8.836

8/11/2009 2:15:00 32.6 259 8.859

8/11/2009 2:45:00 30.5 257 8.883

8/11/2009 3:15:00 30.8 259 9.000

8/11/2009 3:45:00 31.4 252 8.859

8/11/2009 4:15:00 30.8 258 8.976

8/11/2009 4:45:00 30.8 262 8.953

8/11/2009 5:15:00 29.0 263 9.070

8/11/2009 5:45:00 29.3 263 9.046

8/11/2009 6:15:00 27.6 264 9.046

8/11/2009 6:45:00 26.7 265 9.046

8/11/2009 7:15:00 27.6 264 9.116

8/11/2009 7:45:00 28.7 261 9.116

8/11/2009 8:15:00 29.3 260 9.140

8/11/2009 8:45:00 28.5 259 9.116

8/11/2009 9:15:00 29.3 259 9.140

8/11/2009 9:45:00 27.3 261 9.187

8/11/2009 10:15:00 29.0 262 9.233

8/11/2009 10:45:00 26.1 259 9.374

8/11/2009 11:15:00 28.5 261 9.327

8/11/2009 11:45:00 26.1 260 9.397

8/11/2009 12:15:00 24.6 262 9.187

8/11/2009 12:45:00 24.6 264 9.280

8/11/2009 13:15:00 23.5 268 9.304

8/11/2009 13:45:00 24.3 269 9.397

8/11/2009 14:15:00 23.5 272 9.350

8/11/2009 14:45:00 24.6 270 9.538

8/11/2009 15:15:00 21.7 269 9.421

8/11/2009 15:45:00 18.2 269 9.467

8/11/2009 16:15:00 15.5 268 9.538

8/11/2009 16:45:00 14.7 261 9.538

8/11/2009 17:15:00 13.5 262 9.491

8/11/2009 17:45:00 12.3 262 9.631

8/11/2009 18:15:00 13.8 255 9.631

8/11/2009 18:45:00 13.8 255 9.678

8/11/2009 19:15:00 14.4 244 9.889

8/11/2009 19:45:00 14.4 249 9.819

8/11/2009 20:15:00 13.2 241 9.912

8/11/2009 20:45:00 12.3 237 10.030

8/11/2009 21:15:00 12.9 239 9.936

8/11/2009 21:45:00 10.0 229 9.936

8/11/2009 22:15:00 11.4 224 9.983

8/11/2009 22:45:00 14.4 225 10.006

8/11/2009 23:15:00 14.1 223 10.053

8/11/2009 23:45:00 14.1 222 10.077

119
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/11/2009 0:15:00 9.4 218 10.077

9/11/2009 0:45:00 11.1 210 9.889

9/11/2009 1:15:00 11.7 213 9.842

9/11/2009 1:45:00 13.8 233 9.795

9/11/2009 2:15:00 15.8 239 9.772

9/11/2009 2:45:00 15.8 243 9.702

9/11/2009 3:15:00 16.4 242 9.631

9/11/2009 3:45:00 18.8 244 9.631

9/11/2009 4:15:00 17.0 248 9.187

9/11/2009 4:45:00 17.9 251 9.233

9/11/2009 5:15:00 19.7 257 9.304

9/11/2009 5:45:00 22.0 249 9.304

9/11/2009 6:15:00 21.7 245 9.374

9/11/2009 6:45:00 19.9 243 9.350

9/11/2009 7:15:00 18.8 246 9.304

9/11/2009 7:45:00 20.2 239 9.233

9/11/2009 8:15:00 19.7 236 9.163

9/11/2009 8:45:00 24.6 235 9.187

9/11/2009 9:15:00 21.4 236 9.140

9/11/2009 9:45:00 22.0 230 9.116

9/11/2009 10:15:00 24.9 233 9.093

9/11/2009 10:45:00 22.6 238 9.093

9/11/2009 11:15:00 22.9 242 9.046

9/11/2009 11:45:00 24.3 234 9.070

9/11/2009 12:15:00 26.1 236 9.070

9/11/2009 12:45:00 27.6 240 9.093

9/11/2009 13:15:00 29.0 242 9.093

9/11/2009 13:45:00 32.6 242 9.140

9/11/2009 14:15:00 30.8 244 9.163

9/11/2009 14:45:00 34.0 245 9.140

9/11/2009 15:15:00 32.3 245 9.116

9/11/2009 15:45:00 32.6 249 9.116

9/11/2009 16:15:00 34.6 249 9.140

9/11/2009 16:45:00 35.2 248 9.187

9/11/2009 17:15:00 33.4 250 9.257

9/11/2009 17:45:00 36.4 249 9.233

9/11/2009 18:15:00 38.4 250 9.233

9/11/2009 18:45:00 39.9 250 9.280

9/11/2009 19:15:00 39.6 254 9.280

9/11/2009 19:45:00 40.2 255 9.467

9/11/2009 20:15:00 39.3 256 9.374

9/11/2009 20:45:00 40.2 255 9.514

9/11/2009 21:15:00 36.7 254 9.421

9/11/2009 21:45:00 37.2 258 9.350

9/11/2009 22:15:00 38.7 255 9.397

9/11/2009 22:45:00 37.5 255 9.514

9/11/2009 23:15:00 37.8 256 9.397

9/11/2009 23:45:00 36.1 255 9.467

120
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/11/2009 0:15:00 36.1 253 9.467

10/11/2009 0:45:00 36.7 253 9.538

10/11/2009 1:15:00 37.8 253 9.538

10/11/2009 1:45:00 37.2 252 9.702

10/11/2009 2:15:00 40.2 252 9.772

10/11/2009 2:45:00 39.0 255 9.631

10/11/2009 3:15:00 36.1 254 9.678

10/11/2009 3:45:00 41.9 254 9.725

10/11/2009 4:15:00 42.2 255 9.889

10/11/2009 4:45:00 40.8 256 9.842

10/11/2009 5:15:00 41.6 258 9.866

10/11/2009 5:45:00 37.0 256 10.006

10/11/2009 6:15:00 34.6 258 10.053

10/11/2009 6:45:00 36.4 257 9.936

10/11/2009 7:15:00 35.2 257 10.006

10/11/2009 7:45:00 31.4 259 9.795

10/11/2009 8:15:00 32.6 257 9.702

10/11/2009 8:45:00 34.0 258 9.795

10/11/2009 9:15:00 33.4 258 9.866

10/11/2009 9:45:00 33.4 258 9.795

10/11/2009 10:15:00 29.3 257 9.772

10/11/2009 10:45:00 28.5 256 9.748

10/11/2009 11:15:00 31.1 255 9.795

10/11/2009 11:45:00 31.7 251 9.819

10/11/2009 12:15:00 33.1 251 9.842

10/11/2009 12:45:00 32.8 250 9.819

10/11/2009 13:15:00 33.7 250 9.889

10/11/2009 13:45:00 32.0 246 10.006

10/11/2009 14:15:00 33.1 249 10.053

10/11/2009 14:45:00 33.1 246 10.053

10/11/2009 15:15:00 35.2 243 10.053

10/11/2009 15:45:00 34.9 242 10.100

10/11/2009 16:15:00 32.3 243 10.124

10/11/2009 16:45:00 31.4 240 10.217

10/11/2009 17:15:00 32.0 238 10.241

10/11/2009 17:45:00 30.5 238 10.264

10/11/2009 18:15:00 32.3 238 10.311

10/11/2009 18:45:00 34.9 241 10.264

10/11/2009 19:15:00 39.0 242 10.358

10/11/2009 19:45:00 39.3 243 10.335

10/11/2009 20:15:00 39.6 242 10.335

10/11/2009 20:45:00 42.5 243 10.405

10/11/2009 21:15:00 44.0 248 10.452

10/11/2009 21:45:00 39.3 247 10.476

10/11/2009 22:15:00 41.6 251 10.523

10/11/2009 22:45:00 42.5 251 10.452

10/11/2009 23:15:00 40.5 253 10.499

10/11/2009 23:45:00 34.3 250 10.429

121
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/11/2009 0:15:00 32.3 254 10.499

11/11/2009 0:45:00 30.2 256 10.546

11/11/2009 1:15:00 26.4 258 10.499

11/11/2009 1:45:00 21.4 259 10.429

11/11/2009 2:15:00 17.6 263 10.476

11/11/2009 2:45:00 16.4 263 10.311

11/11/2009 3:15:00 16.7 265 10.311

11/11/2009 3:45:00 17.3 263 10.358

11/11/2009 4:15:00 13.5 270 10.358

11/11/2009 4:45:00 12.6 270 10.335

11/11/2009 5:15:00 12.6 261 10.382

11/11/2009 5:45:00 15.0 264 10.382

11/11/2009 6:15:00 19.7 270 10.570

11/11/2009 6:45:00 20.2 278 10.499

11/11/2009 7:15:00 15.3 285 10.382

11/11/2009 7:45:00 14.1 287 10.405

11/11/2009 8:15:00 11.4 289 10.264

11/11/2009 8:45:00 6.5 142 10.335

11/11/2009 9:15:00 3.5 210 10.311

11/11/2009 9:45:00 1.8 158 10.311

11/11/2009 10:15:00 7.6 182 10.335

11/11/2009 10:45:00 6.7 165 10.194

11/11/2009 11:15:00 6.5 173 10.311

11/11/2009 11:45:00 7.6 185 10.170

11/11/2009 12:15:00 5.6 185 10.077

11/11/2009 12:45:00 3.5 153 9.725

11/11/2009 13:15:00 1.8 109 9.748

11/11/2009 13:45:00 4.4 054 9.725

11/11/2009 14:15:00 2.6 033 9.584

11/11/2009 14:45:00 5.3 048 9.514

11/11/2009 15:15:00 4.4 055 9.538

11/11/2009 15:45:00 7.0 068 9.514

11/11/2009 16:15:00 6.7 091 9.421

11/11/2009 16:45:00 7.9 079 9.491

11/11/2009 17:15:00 6.7 104 9.561

11/11/2009 17:45:00 7.0 099 9.514

11/11/2009 18:15:00 7.6 094 9.538

11/11/2009 18:45:00 8.8 094 9.538

11/11/2009 19:15:00 8.5 101 9.374

11/11/2009 19:45:00 8.8 123 9.327

11/11/2009 20:15:00 9.1 120 9.514

11/11/2009 20:45:00 10.6 129 9.631

11/11/2009 21:15:00 10.3 127 9.631

11/11/2009 21:45:00 11.1 107 9.444

11/11/2009 22:15:00 9.1 086 9.233

11/11/2009 22:45:00 10.6 083 9.257

11/11/2009 23:15:00 10.0 077 9.187

11/11/2009 23:45:00 14.1 072 9.093

122
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/11/2009 0:15:00 14.7 075 9.000

12/11/2009 0:45:00 12.9 079 9.140

12/11/2009 1:15:00 14.7 072 8.883

12/11/2009 1:45:00 14.1 066 9.000

12/11/2009 2:15:00 13.8 059 8.789

12/11/2009 2:45:00 15.5 059 8.626

12/11/2009 3:15:00 13.8 066 8.556

12/11/2009 3:45:00 15.0 064 8.673

12/11/2009 4:15:00 17.0 067 8.626

12/11/2009 4:45:00 16.7 075 8.486

12/11/2009 5:15:00 17.6 080 8.533

12/11/2009 5:45:00 17.9 086 8.533

12/11/2009 6:15:00 17.9 086 8.439

12/11/2009 6:45:00 17.9 090 8.463

12/11/2009 7:15:00 17.6 094 8.509

12/11/2009 7:45:00 17.6 093 8.673

12/11/2009 8:15:00 19.9 097 8.836

12/11/2009 8:45:00 18.5 090 8.719

12/11/2009 9:15:00 18.8 088 8.743

12/11/2009 9:45:00 17.9 089 8.649

12/11/2009 10:15:00 18.5 087 8.649

12/11/2009 10:45:00 16.7 087 8.673

12/11/2009 11:15:00 17.0 090 8.719

12/11/2009 11:45:00 17.6 090 8.719

12/11/2009 12:15:00 17.6 091 8.696

12/11/2009 12:45:00 19.4 093 8.789

12/11/2009 13:15:00 18.5 091 8.719

12/11/2009 13:45:00 18.8 093 8.696

12/11/2009 14:15:00 19.7 095 8.696

12/11/2009 14:45:00 19.7 091 8.673

12/11/2009 15:15:00 18.8 090 8.696

12/11/2009 15:45:00 17.0 082 8.696

12/11/2009 16:15:00 18.5 081 8.789

12/11/2009 16:45:00 17.0 084 8.906

12/11/2009 17:15:00 17.6 079 8.883

12/11/2009 17:45:00 16.4 076 8.883

12/11/2009 18:15:00 18.8 073 9.070

12/11/2009 18:45:00 16.7 071 9.000

12/11/2009 19:15:00 15.0 075 8.789

12/11/2009 19:45:00 14.1 074 8.603

12/11/2009 20:15:00 13.5 069 8.719

12/11/2009 20:45:00 13.8 080 8.533

12/11/2009 21:15:00 13.5 071 8.766

12/11/2009 21:45:00 13.8 063 8.509

12/11/2009 22:15:00 12.6 059 8.556

12/11/2009 22:45:00 12.9 052 8.579

12/11/2009 23:15:00 10.6 064 8.603

12/11/2009 23:45:00 11.7 057 8.509

123
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.13.2009 0:15:00 13.5 064 8.556

11.13.2009 0:45:00 11.7 066 8.533

11.13.2009 1:15:00 12.0 070 8.509

11.13.2009 1:45:00 12.0 069 8.603

11.13.2009 2:15:00 10.3 080 8.673

11.13.2009 2:45:00 8.5 092 8.976

11.13.2009 3:15:00 10.0 089 8.906

11.13.2009 3:45:00 11.7 097 8.976

11.13.2009 4:15:00 9.4 107 8.976

11.13.2009 4:45:00 10.6 110 8.976

11.13.2009 5:15:00 9.1 117 9.140

11.13.2009 5:45:00 10.6 107 9.304

11.13.2009 6:15:00 7.9 114 9.140

11.13.2009 6:45:00 7.0 103 9.140

11.13.2009 7:15:00 7.3 096 9.046

11.13.2009 7:45:00 4.7 066 9.000

11.13.2009 8:15:00 5.3 075 9.163

11.13.2009 8:45:00 8.8 053 9.140

11.13.2009 9:15:00 7.9 049 9.023

11.13.2009 9:45:00 7.9 032 9.046

11.13.2009 10:15:00 7.9 022 8.859

11.13.2009 10:45:00 7.3 008 8.859

11.13.2009 11:15:00 11.4 011 8.766

11.13.2009 11:45:00 10.3 013 8.743

11.13.2009 12:15:00 9.4 011 8.603

11.13.2009 12:45:00 10.3 014 8.533

11.13.2009 13:15:00 8.2 014 8.509

11.13.2009 13:45:00 7.3 021 8.463

11.13.2009 14:15:00 7.9 024 8.649

11.13.2009 14:45:00 8.5 048 8.766

11.13.2009 15:15:00 7.9 068 8.859

11.13.2009 15:45:00 7.9 088 8.603

11.13.2009 16:15:00 4.4 121 8.533

11.13.2009 16:45:00 5.9 136 8.859

11.13.2009 17:15:00 5.3 118 8.953

11.13.2009 17:45:00 5.9 141 8.953

11.13.2009 18:15:00 5.6 197 9.163

11.13.2009 18:45:00 6.7 200 9.257

11.13.2009 19:15:00 5.9 219 9.608

11.13.2009 19:45:00 5.6 289 9.514

11.13.2009 20:15:00 8.2 309 9.421

11.13.2009 20:45:00 6.7 299 9.421

11.13.2009 21:15:00 7.6 291 9.421

11.13.2009 21:45:00 9.1 297 9.467

11.13.2009 22:15:00 10.0 289 9.374

11.13.2009 22:45:00 10.0 289 9.350

11.13.2009 23:15:00 9.4 288 9.350

11.13.2009 23:45:00 12.0 289 9.140

124
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.14.2009 0:15:00 12.9 298 9.023

11.14.2009 0:45:00 13.5 285 9.093

11.14.2009 1:15:00 14.7 283 9.163

11.14.2009 1:45:00 12.3 279 9.467

11.14.2009 2:15:00 9.4 288 9.491

11.14.2009 2:45:00 7.9 304 9.491

11.14.2009 3:15:00 6.5 310 9.491

11.14.2009 3:45:00 7.6 316 9.444

11.14.2009 4:15:00 6.2 325 9.421

11.14.2009 4:45:00 3.2 311 9.187

11.14.2009 5:15:00 2.3 183 9.187

11.14.2009 5:45:00 0.9 172 9.163

11.14.2009 6:15:00 2.9 209 9.187

11.14.2009 6:45:00 2.1 260 9.187

11.14.2009 7:15:00 0.6 250 9.187

11.14.2009 7:45:00 2.3 210 9.187

11.14.2009 8:15:00 4.1 220 9.280

11.14.2009 8:45:00 7.9 232 9.187

11.14.2009 9:15:00 10.6 247 9.187

11.14.2009 9:45:00 12.0 238 9.187

11.14.2009 10:15:00 12.9 248 9.304

11.14.2009 10:45:00 15.5 245 9.280

11.14.2009 11:15:00 17.9 251 9.023

11.14.2009 11:45:00 19.7 252 9.093

11.14.2009 12:15:00 19.9 254 9.023

11.14.2009 12:45:00 23.5 254 8.930

11.14.2009 13:15:00 23.2 254 8.673

11.14.2009 13:45:00 23.5 255 8.673

11.14.2009 14:15:00 22.3 256 8.883

11.14.2009 14:45:00 19.4 259 9.163

11.14.2009 15:15:00 19.9 260 9.163

11.14.2009 15:45:00 19.9 264 9.163

11.14.2009 16:15:00 18.5 266 9.163

11.14.2009 16:45:00 17.6 271 9.327

11.14.2009 17:15:00 16.7 263 9.116

11.14.2009 17:45:00 17.0 270 9.374

11.14.2009 18:15:00 15.8 268 9.397

11.14.2009 18:45:00 17.6 268 9.397

11.14.2009 19:15:00 15.8 265 9.421

11.14.2009 19:45:00 16.1 263 9.327

11.14.2009 20:15:00 15.8 268 9.467

11.14.2009 20:45:00 18.2 266 9.280

11.14.2009 21:15:00 17.6 264 9.187

11.14.2009 21:45:00 19.4 265 9.163

11.14.2009 22:15:00 20.5 261 9.187

11.14.2009 22:45:00 20.5 260 8.953

11.14.2009 23:15:00 20.2 264 9.280

11.14.2009 23:45:00 24.3 261 9.000

125
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.15.2009 0:15:00 26.4 258 8.813

11.15.2009 0:45:00 26.1 255 8.953

11.15.2009 1:15:00 24.9 255 8.859

11.15.2009 1:45:00 24.3 260 9.046

11.15.2009 2:15:00 22.6 264 9.023

11.15.2009 2:45:00 22.9 259 9.000

11.15.2009 3:15:00 20.5 263 9.140

11.15.2009 3:45:00 18.2 262 9.023

11.15.2009 4:15:00 18.5 258 9.187

11.15.2009 4:45:00 19.7 261 9.467

11.15.2009 5:15:00 16.4 261 9.608

11.15.2009 5:45:00 14.4 265 9.725

11.15.2009 6:15:00 13.8 268 9.889

11.15.2009 6:45:00 13.5 268 9.584

11.15.2009 7:15:00 13.5 269 9.702

11.15.2009 7:45:00 13.5 268 9.561

11.15.2009 8:15:00 14.7 271 9.725

11.15.2009 8:45:00 14.7 265 9.608

11.15.2009 9:15:00 18.5 267 9.538

11.15.2009 9:45:00 19.4 263 9.491

11.15.2009 10:15:00 18.5 268 9.257

11.15.2009 10:45:00 17.9 264 9.140

11.15.2009 11:15:00 19.4 262 9.350

11.15.2009 11:45:00 21.1 263 9.397

11.15.2009 12:15:00 19.1 262 9.491

11.15.2009 12:45:00 19.7 270 9.467

11.15.2009 13:15:00 20.8 274 9.374

11.15.2009 13:45:00 21.4 274 9.397

11.15.2009 14:15:00 23.5 276 9.304

11.15.2009 14:45:00 25.8 275 9.280

11.15.2009 15:15:00 24.6 274 9.327

11.15.2009 15:45:00 25.5 270 9.350

11.15.2009 16:15:00 24.6 274 9.327

11.15.2009 16:45:00 25.8 276 9.421

11.15.2009 17:15:00 22.3 272 9.140

11.15.2009 17:45:00 17.9 268 9.023

11.15.2009 18:15:00 11.1 270 8.976

11.15.2009 18:45:00 4.1 218 9.023

11.15.2009 19:15:00 9.1 229 8.976

11.15.2009 19:45:00 12.0 246 8.906

11.15.2009 20:15:00 20.2 251 9.163

11.15.2009 20:45:00 21.1 257 9.187

11.15.2009 21:15:00 24.1 259 9.233

11.15.2009 21:45:00 23.2 259 9.257

11.15.2009 22:15:00 21.4 256 9.187

11.15.2009 22:45:00 19.4 251 9.140

11.15.2009 23:15:00 17.9 244 9.093

11.15.2009 23:45:00 21.4 246 9.187

126
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.16.2009 0:15:00 19.9 246 9.257

11.16.2009 0:45:00 20.8 245 9.187

11.16.2009 1:15:00 19.4 248 9.163

11.16.2009 1:45:00 18.5 249 9.280

11.16.2009 2:15:00 15.8 249 9.304

11.16.2009 2:45:00 16.4 250 9.374

11.16.2009 3:15:00 15.0 246 9.561

11.16.2009 3:45:00 13.5 252 9.678

11.16.2009 4:15:00 15.0 247 9.608

11.16.2009 4:45:00 16.1 249 9.725

11.16.2009 5:15:00 16.1 257 9.538

11.16.2009 5:45:00 15.3 256 9.631

11.16.2009 6:15:00 13.5 252 9.889

11.16.2009 6:45:00 12.6 251 9.983

11.16.2009 7:15:00 12.9 247 10.124

11.16.2009 7:45:00 10.9 252 10.194

11.16.2009 8:15:00 11.1 246 10.170

11.16.2009 8:45:00 10.6 260 10.147

11.16.2009 9:15:00 12.0 254 9.983

11.16.2009 9:45:00 14.1 263 9.842

11.16.2009 10:15:00 14.4 270 9.702

11.16.2009 10:45:00 12.6 273 9.491

11.16.2009 11:15:00 13.5 265 9.467

11.16.2009 11:45:00 11.7 262 9.327

11.16.2009 12:15:00 7.6 220 9.304

11.16.2009 12:45:00 6.2 229 9.140

11.16.2009 13:15:00 9.7 253 9.140

11.16.2009 13:45:00 14.1 261 9.514

11.16.2009 14:15:00 16.4 264 9.444

11.16.2009 14:45:00 22.0 267 9.350

11.16.2009 15:15:00 19.9 265 9.444

11.16.2009 15:45:00 18.5 264 9.655

11.16.2009 16:15:00 18.2 261 9.631

11.16.2009 16:45:00 17.9 264 9.725

11.16.2009 17:15:00 16.7 265 9.655

11.16.2009 17:45:00 17.3 268 9.655

11.16.2009 18:15:00 16.4 265 9.795

11.16.2009 18:45:00 16.4 260 9.444

11.16.2009 19:15:00 12.9 261 9.561

11.16.2009 19:45:00 14.1 263 9.725

11.16.2009 20:15:00 11.4 266 9.467

11.16.2009 20:45:00 9.4 262 9.397

11.16.2009 21:15:00 7.0 264 9.327

11.16.2009 21:45:00 7.0 263 9.280

11.16.2009 22:15:00 0.9 049 9.280

11.16.2009 22:45:00 2.1 196 9.280

11.16.2009 23:15:00 3.2 233 9.233

11.16.2009 23:45:00 5.3 246 9.257

127
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.17.2009 0:15:00 6.2 264 9.233

11.17.2009 0:45:00 6.7 264 9.233

11.17.2009 1:15:00 9.4 270 9.350

11.17.2009 1:45:00 10.3 252 9.187

11.17.2009 2:15:00 9.1 260 9.374

11.17.2009 2:45:00 11.1 264 9.374

11.17.2009 3:15:00 11.4 258 9.467

11.17.2009 3:45:00 10.3 255 9.491

11.17.2009 4:15:00 11.1 262 9.608

11.17.2009 4:45:00 12.0 265 9.444

11.17.2009 5:15:00 12.6 261 9.491

11.17.2009 5:45:00 15.3 260 9.584

11.17.2009 6:15:00 15.3 261 9.538

11.17.2009 6:45:00 16.1 258 9.538

11.17.2009 7:15:00 16.4 257 9.584

11.17.2009 7:45:00 17.0 258 9.795

11.17.2009 8:15:00 15.5 258 9.819

11.17.2009 8:45:00 15.5 259 9.936

11.17.2009 9:15:00 18.2 261 9.983

11.17.2009 9:45:00 16.1 265 9.983

11.17.2009 10:15:00 17.3 266 9.889

11.17.2009 10:45:00 17.0 267 9.866

11.17.2009 11:15:00 17.9 268 9.819

11.17.2009 11:45:00 15.5 263 10.030

11.17.2009 12:15:00 13.5 264 10.100

11.17.2009 12:45:00 11.7 255 10.194

11.17.2009 13:15:00 12.0 259 10.241

11.17.2009 13:45:00 12.6 264 10.264

11.17.2009 14:15:00 12.3 266 10.288

11.17.2009 14:45:00 11.4 269 10.217

11.17.2009 15:15:00 12.0 267 10.170

11.17.2009 15:45:00 12.3 265 10.100

11.17.2009 16:15:00 10.6 271 10.030

11.17.2009 16:45:00 10.3 270 9.936

11.17.2009 17:15:00 12.0 267 10.311

11.17.2009 17:45:00 12.3 269 10.264

11.17.2009 18:15:00 12.3 268 10.170

11.17.2009 18:45:00 11.1 275 10.264

11.17.2009 19:15:00 10.3 268 10.170

11.17.2009 19:45:00 13.8 267 10.053

11.17.2009 20:15:00 13.5 264 10.077

11.17.2009 20:45:00 15.0 262 10.124

11.17.2009 21:15:00 14.7 260 10.053

11.17.2009 21:45:00 16.4 262 10.006

11.17.2009 22:15:00 16.4 250 10.124

11.17.2009 22:45:00 16.4 251 10.124

11.17.2009 23:15:00 15.5 254 10.170

11.17.2009 23:45:00 17.0 257 10.053

128
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.18.2009 0:15:00 17.3 255 9.866

11.18.2009 0:45:00 16.4 261 9.936

11.18.2009 1:15:00 15.3 259 10.217

11.18.2009 1:45:00 15.3 261 10.170

11.18.2009 2:15:00 17.6 263 10.147

11.18.2009 2:45:00 15.3 263 10.170

11.18.2009 3:15:00 15.5 261 10.030

11.18.2009 3:45:00 14.1 266 10.288

11.18.2009 4:15:00 15.0 260 10.147

11.18.2009 4:45:00 16.7 259 10.124

11.18.2009 5:15:00 15.8 258 10.147

11.18.2009 5:45:00 16.7 262 10.170

11.18.2009 6:15:00 16.1 258 10.452

11.18.2009 6:45:00 17.0 258 10.499

11.18.2009 7:15:00 15.0 254 10.499

11.18.2009 7:45:00 14.1 252 10.382

11.18.2009 8:15:00 13.8 255 10.358

11.18.2009 8:45:00 14.7 255 10.358

11.18.2009 9:15:00 14.7 267 10.452

11.18.2009 9:45:00 13.8 271 10.335

11.18.2009 10:15:00 12.3 264 10.217

11.18.2009 10:45:00 12.3 263 10.358

11.18.2009 11:15:00 11.4 265 10.311

11.18.2009 11:45:00 12.9 268 10.382

11.18.2009 12:15:00 13.8 268 10.382

11.18.2009 12:45:00 12.0 266 10.288

11.18.2009 13:15:00 15.0 266 10.311

11.18.2009 13:45:00 13.5 267 10.217

11.18.2009 14:15:00 13.8 269 10.124

11.18.2009 14:45:00 14.4 264 10.335

11.18.2009 15:15:00 13.8 265 10.311

11.18.2009 15:45:00 15.0 268 10.405

11.18.2009 16:15:00 13.8 265 10.405

11.18.2009 16:45:00 16.1 267 10.382

11.18.2009 17:15:00 13.8 269 10.358

11.18.2009 17:45:00 12.6 271 10.311

11.18.2009 18:15:00 12.6 265 10.382

11.18.2009 18:45:00 11.1 269 10.335

11.18.2009 19:15:00 12.3 265 10.288

11.18.2009 19:45:00 12.9 256 10.452

11.18.2009 20:15:00 14.7 258 10.358

11.18.2009 20:45:00 12.3 258 10.640

11.18.2009 21:15:00 12.9 264 10.429

11.18.2009 21:45:00 14.7 261 10.452

11.18.2009 22:15:00 15.3 260 10.405

11.18.2009 22:45:00 17.3 262 10.358

11.18.2009 23:15:00 17.6 263 10.429

11.18.2009 23:45:00 18.5 270 10.429

129
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.19.2009 0:15:00 17.3 268 10.523

11.19.2009 0:45:00 17.0 267 10.476

11.19.2009 1:15:00 16.4 268 10.476

11.19.2009 1:45:00 13.8 267 10.311

11.19.2009 2:15:00 14.1 267 10.264

11.19.2009 2:45:00 13.2 266 10.217

11.19.2009 3:15:00 12.9 274 10.241

11.19.2009 3:45:00 12.3 264 10.311

11.19.2009 4:15:00 15.5 268 10.382

11.19.2009 4:45:00 15.5 268 10.429

11.19.2009 5:15:00 16.4 264 10.476

11.19.2009 5:45:00 15.0 264 10.382

11.19.2009 6:15:00 11.4 265 10.358

11.19.2009 6:45:00 12.3 270 10.476

11.19.2009 7:15:00 13.5 268 10.476

11.19.2009 7:45:00 6.5 307 10.382

11.19.2009 8:15:00 3.2 021 10.382

11.19.2009 8:45:00 5.6 256 10.335

11.19.2009 9:15:00 11.7 254 10.476

11.19.2009 9:45:00 11.4 246 10.382

11.19.2009 10:15:00 11.1 242 10.382

11.19.2009 10:45:00 11.4 246 10.452

11.19.2009 11:15:00 12.0 250 10.429

11.19.2009 11:45:00 12.6 248 10.429

11.19.2009 12:15:00 12.9 251 10.429

11.19.2009 12:45:00 12.3 257 10.429

11.19.2009 13:15:00 12.0 265 10.405

11.19.2009 13:45:00 12.6 265 10.429

11.19.2009 14:15:00 14.7 271 10.429

11.19.2009 14:45:00 13.8 269 10.452

11.19.2009 15:15:00 14.1 267 10.358

11.19.2009 15:45:00 10.6 272 10.335

11.19.2009 16:15:00 9.1 280 10.570

11.19.2009 16:45:00 12.3 277 10.382

11.19.2009 17:15:00 11.1 276 10.264

11.19.2009 17:45:00 10.0 268 10.241

11.19.2009 18:15:00 8.8 259 10.194

11.19.2009 18:45:00 8.8 243 10.124

11.19.2009 19:15:00 7.9 242 10.170

11.19.2009 19:45:00 10.3 253 10.288

11.19.2009 20:15:00 11.1 253 10.429

11.19.2009 20:45:00 11.4 254 10.570

11.19.2009 21:15:00 12.6 248 10.546

11.19.2009 21:45:00 12.6 244 10.570

11.19.2009 22:15:00 14.7 249 10.640

11.19.2009 22:45:00 15.5 246 10.593

11.19.2009 23:15:00 15.5 256 10.593

11.19.2009 23:45:00 16.1 251 10.570

130
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.20.2009 0:15:00 17.6 249 10.664

11.20.2009 0:45:00 18.5 254 10.640

11.20.2009 1:15:00 18.5 259 10.711

11.20.2009 1:45:00 20.8 261 10.687

11.20.2009 2:15:00 18.2 263 10.523

11.20.2009 2:45:00 17.3 263 10.452

11.20.2009 3:15:00 17.3 262 10.687

11.20.2009 3:45:00 15.3 263 10.829

11.20.2009 4:15:00 14.7 265 10.805

11.20.2009 4:45:00 12.9 262 10.829

11.20.2009 5:15:00 12.9 273 10.734

11.20.2009 5:45:00 11.7 264 10.782

11.20.2009 6:15:00 10.9 265 10.640

11.20.2009 6:45:00 10.6 253 10.734

11.20.2009 7:15:00 12.3 253 10.734

11.20.2009 7:45:00 14.1 248 10.687

11.20.2009 8:15:00 12.0 255 10.687

11.20.2009 8:45:00 13.2 261 10.782

11.20.2009 9:15:00 13.8 261 10.782

11.20.2009 9:45:00 12.0 268 10.687

11.20.2009 10:15:00 13.8 268 10.687

11.20.2009 10:45:00 13.5 268 10.664

11.20.2009 11:15:00 13.8 269 10.664

11.20.2009 11:45:00 12.9 274 10.734

11.20.2009 12:15:00 11.1 288 10.734

11.20.2009 12:45:00 10.0 284 10.687

11.20.2009 13:15:00 10.0 287 10.687

11.20.2009 13:45:00 10.3 299 10.640

11.20.2009 14:15:00 10.9 294 10.617

11.20.2009 14:45:00 11.1 300 10.617

11.20.2009 15:15:00 8.8 300 10.617

11.20.2009 15:45:00 8.2 295 10.429

11.20.2009 16:15:00 2.9 219 10.382

11.20.2009 16:45:00 2.9 213 10.405

11.20.2009 17:15:00 4.7 218 10.570

11.20.2009 17:45:00 2.3 184 10.452

11.20.2009 18:15:00 3.2 175 10.499

11.20.2009 18:45:00 6.2 193 10.405

11.20.2009 19:15:00 5.6 189 10.311

11.20.2009 19:45:00 6.7 189 10.358

11.20.2009 20:15:00 7.9 205 10.311

11.20.2009 20:45:00 7.9 198 10.382

11.20.2009 21:15:00 8.5 195 10.405

11.20.2009 21:45:00 7.3 212 10.640

11.20.2009 22:15:00 10.9 223 10.664

11.20.2009 22:45:00 12.3 236 10.711

11.20.2009 23:15:00 12.3 250 10.734

11.20.2009 23:45:00 11.1 255 10.758

131
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.21.2009 0:15:00 10.6 257 10.758

11.21.2009 0:45:00 10.3 272 10.758

11.21.2009 1:15:00 11.4 272 10.687

11.21.2009 1:45:00 10.3 282 10.640

11.21.2009 2:15:00 7.0 288 10.546

11.21.2009 2:45:00 5.0 285 10.452

11.21.2009 3:15:00 5.0 296 10.382

11.21.2009 3:45:00 7.3 274 10.852

11.21.2009 4:15:00 7.0 265 10.946

11.21.2009 4:45:00 5.9 265 11.064

11.21.2009 5:15:00 4.7 265 11.111

11.21.2009 5:45:00 4.4 253 10.617

11.21.2009 6:15:00 4.1 199 10.593

11.21.2009 6:45:00 5.3 207 10.570

11.21.2009 7:15:00 6.5 208 10.546

11.21.2009 7:45:00 5.9 231 10.734

11.21.2009 8:15:00 5.6 225 10.429

11.21.2009 8:45:00 6.5 213 10.405

11.21.2009 9:15:00 7.9 218 10.382

11.21.2009 9:45:00 7.3 226 10.499

11.21.2009 10:15:00 5.9 265 10.570

11.21.2009 10:45:00 5.9 286 10.570

11.21.2009 11:15:00 6.5 294 10.546

11.21.2009 11:45:00 5.3 286 10.499

11.21.2009 12:15:00 6.2 287 10.476

11.21.2009 12:45:00 5.9 300 10.476

11.21.2009 13:15:00 6.5 317 10.617

11.21.2009 13:45:00 9.4 315 10.593

11.21.2009 14:15:00 7.9 325 10.593

11.21.2009 14:45:00 6.7 342 10.452

11.21.2009 15:15:00 4.1 353 10.429

11.21.2009 15:45:00 1.5 342 10.382

11.21.2009 16:15:00 1.5 327 10.382

11.21.2009 16:45:00 0.6 073 10.264

11.21.2009 17:15:00 0.6 210 10.264

11.21.2009 17:45:00 2.3 178 10.335

11.21.2009 18:15:00 1.5 166 10.335

11.21.2009 18:45:00 0.9 213 10.358

11.21.2009 19:15:00 1.2 256 10.452

11.21.2009 19:45:00 0.3 326 10.405

11.21.2009 20:15:00 1.8 190 10.476

11.21.2009 20:45:00 2.3 173 10.499

11.21.2009 21:15:00 5.3 192 10.570

11.21.2009 21:45:00 4.4 215 10.429

11.21.2009 22:15:00 3.8 240 10.499

11.21.2009 22:45:00 5.9 251 10.593

11.21.2009 23:15:00 7.0 255 10.499

11.21.2009 23:45:00 4.1 256 10.476

132
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.22.2009 0:15:00 1.5 274 10.523

11.22.2009 0:45:00 2.1 227 10.499

11.22.2009 1:15:00 2.9 236 10.476

11.22.2009 1:45:00 5.0 252 10.593

11.22.2009 2:15:00 3.5 288 10.640

11.22.2009 2:45:00 2.6 305 10.452

11.22.2009 3:15:00 1.2 085 10.452

11.22.2009 3:45:00 1.5 127 10.476

11.22.2009 4:15:00 0.9 282 10.452

11.22.2009 4:45:00 2.9 248 10.546

11.22.2009 5:15:00 2.6 249 10.499

11.22.2009 5:45:00 3.5 269 10.617

11.22.2009 6:15:00 1.5 277 10.546

11.22.2009 6:45:00 1.8 350 10.452

11.22.2009 7:15:00 1.5 157 10.358

11.22.2009 7:45:00 1.2 155 10.429

11.22.2009 8:15:00 0.9 134 10.405

11.22.2009 8:45:00 1.5 182 10.429

11.22.2009 9:15:00 2.9 224 10.429

11.22.2009 9:45:00 3.2 217 10.570

11.22.2009 10:15:00 2.9 214 10.664

11.22.2009 10:45:00 3.2 232 10.640

11.22.2009 11:15:00 1.5 307 10.452

11.22.2009 11:45:00 2.9 308 10.499

11.22.2009 12:15:00 4.1 341 10.452

11.22.2009 12:45:00 3.2 351 10.429

11.22.2009 13:15:00 4.7 007 10.358

11.22.2009 13:45:00 2.9 020 10.335

11.22.2009 14:15:00 2.1 068 10.241

11.22.2009 14:45:00 2.1 102 10.147

11.22.2009 15:15:00 2.9 131 10.124

11.22.2009 15:45:00 1.8 150 10.100

11.22.2009 16:15:00 1.8 139 10.311

11.22.2009 16:45:00 2.9 154 10.358

11.22.2009 17:15:00 4.1 142 10.264

11.22.2009 17:45:00 3.5 139 10.358

11.22.2009 18:15:00 3.5 142 10.405

11.22.2009 18:45:00 3.5 134 10.358

11.22.2009 19:15:00 4.7 155 10.358

11.22.2009 19:45:00 3.2 171 10.358

11.22.2009 20:15:00 5.6 165 10.358

11.22.2009 20:45:00 5.3 163 10.358

11.22.2009 21:15:00 5.9 160 10.429

11.22.2009 21:45:00 7.6 170 10.476

11.22.2009 22:15:00 7.6 177 10.523

11.22.2009 22:45:00 6.5 186 10.546

11.22.2009 23:15:00 6.7 206 10.546

11.22.2009 23:45:00 6.5 218 10.687

133
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.23.2009 0:15:00 5.6 216 10.805

11.23.2009 0:45:00 3.2 215 10.734

11.23.2009 1:15:00 3.2 231 10.758

11.23.2009 1:45:00 1.8 292 10.687

11.23.2009 2:15:00 2.6 335 10.687

11.23.2009 2:45:00 3.8 346 10.617

11.23.2009 3:15:00 3.5 345 10.593

11.23.2009 3:45:00 3.5 338 10.687

11.23.2009 4:15:00 2.9 347 10.734

11.23.2009 4:45:00 1.2 037 10.711

11.23.2009 5:15:00 2.1 019 10.499

11.23.2009 5:45:00 5.3 010 10.405

11.23.2009 6:15:00 5.3 005 10.217

11.23.2009 6:45:00 4.4 026 10.124

11.23.2009 7:15:00 3.2 045 10.194

11.23.2009 7:45:00 2.9 059 9.959

11.23.2009 8:15:00 2.6 079 9.936

11.23.2009 8:45:00 4.7 098 9.912

11.23.2009 9:15:00 5.0 110 9.912

11.23.2009 9:45:00 5.9 111 9.842

11.23.2009 10:15:00 5.6 118 9.842

11.23.2009 10:45:00 6.2 114 9.866

11.23.2009 11:15:00 7.0 118 9.842

11.23.2009 11:45:00 7.3 126 9.842

11.23.2009 12:15:00 7.0 116 9.842

11.23.2009 12:45:00 6.7 121 9.842

11.23.2009 13:15:00 7.3 108 9.866

11.23.2009 13:45:00 7.3 116 9.889

11.23.2009 14:15:00 6.7 116 9.889

11.23.2009 14:45:00 7.0 121 9.912

11.23.2009 15:15:00 7.0 117 9.936

11.23.2009 15:45:00 6.2 132 9.936

11.23.2009 16:15:00 6.5 124 9.936

11.23.2009 16:45:00 5.6 116 10.077

11.23.2009 17:15:00 6.7 105 9.912

11.23.2009 17:45:00 5.3 101 10.006

11.23.2009 18:15:00 5.9 091 9.842

11.23.2009 18:45:00 5.3 081 9.772

11.23.2009 19:15:00 6.5 083 9.889

11.23.2009 19:45:00 5.9 078 9.725

11.23.2009 20:15:00 4.4 089 9.584

11.23.2009 20:45:00 3.8 103 9.631

11.23.2009 21:15:00 5.9 101 9.795

11.23.2009 21:45:00 5.3 104 9.842

11.23.2009 22:15:00 5.6 103 9.912

11.23.2009 22:45:00 7.3 098 9.866

11.23.2009 23:15:00 6.5 106 9.866

11.23.2009 23:45:00 5.3 100 9.936

134
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.24.2009 0:15:00 5.9 094 9.866

11.24.2009 0:45:00 4.4 098 9.912

11.24.2009 1:15:00 4.7 090 9.936

11.24.2009 1:45:00 5.6 082 9.936

11.24.2009 2:15:00 6.7 066 9.983

11.24.2009 2:45:00 7.9 080 10.006

11.24.2009 3:15:00 8.8 077 10.053

11.24.2009 3:45:00 8.2 079 10.077

11.24.2009 4:15:00 7.9 081 10.006

11.24.2009 4:45:00 7.9 089 10.006

11.24.2009 5:15:00 8.2 076 9.983

11.24.2009 5:45:00 8.8 077 9.983

11.24.2009 6:15:00 9.1 077 9.983

11.24.2009 6:45:00 8.8 062 9.842

11.24.2009 7:15:00 7.6 053 9.608

11.24.2009 7:45:00 10.3 054 9.584

11.24.2009 8:15:00 10.9 047 9.491

11.24.2009 8:45:00 10.0 059 9.467

11.24.2009 9:15:00 10.6 057 9.444

11.24.2009 9:45:00 10.6 063 9.421

11.24.2009 10:15:00 8.8 065 9.374

11.24.2009 10:45:00 7.6 069 9.350

11.24.2009 11:15:00 10.9 085 9.421

11.24.2009 11:45:00 8.5 093 9.397

11.24.2009 12:15:00 8.8 090 9.397

11.24.2009 12:45:00 8.8 090 9.397

11.24.2009 13:15:00 9.4 107 9.444

11.24.2009 13:45:00 10.0 116 9.397

11.24.2009 14:15:00 10.0 108 9.491

11.24.2009 14:45:00 9.1 110 9.467

11.24.2009 15:15:00 10.0 118 9.491

11.24.2009 15:45:00 9.1 116 9.467

11.24.2009 16:15:00 8.5 114 9.538

11.24.2009 16:45:00 7.6 109 9.631

11.24.2009 17:15:00 9.1 099 9.678

11.24.2009 17:45:00 9.4 097 9.584

11.24.2009 18:15:00 7.6 102 9.561

11.24.2009 18:45:00 6.5 105 9.561

11.24.2009 19:15:00 5.9 117 9.608

11.24.2009 19:45:00 5.9 124 9.795

11.24.2009 20:15:00 5.6 120 9.725

11.24.2009 20:45:00 5.3 130 9.936

11.24.2009 21:15:00 5.3 119 9.983

11.24.2009 21:45:00 5.9 109 10.077

11.24.2009 22:15:00 6.5 110 10.030

11.24.2009 22:45:00 4.1 105 9.983

11.24.2009 23:15:00 3.2 117 9.842

11.24.2009 23:45:00 4.1 078 9.819

135
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.25.2009 0:15:00 5.3 114 9.889

11.25.2009 0:45:00 3.8 083 9.842

11.25.2009 1:15:00 4.7 079 9.795

11.25.2009 1:45:00 5.3 084 9.795

11.25.2009 2:15:00 5.0 086 9.795

11.25.2009 2:45:00 5.9 103 9.748

11.25.2009 3:15:00 5.0 103 9.912

11.25.2009 3:45:00 5.0 110 10.006

11.25.2009 4:15:00 5.9 103 9.936

11.25.2009 4:45:00 5.6 103 10.006

11.25.2009 5:15:00 5.6 118 10.053

11.25.2009 5:45:00 5.0 103 9.936

11.25.2009 6:15:00 3.5 097 10.077

11.25.2009 6:45:00 3.8 092 9.912

11.25.2009 7:15:00 4.4 093 9.819

11.25.2009 7:45:00 3.2 056 9.889

11.25.2009 8:15:00 4.4 095 9.748

11.25.2009 8:45:00 4.4 090 9.772

11.25.2009 9:15:00 5.6 078 9.702

11.25.2009 9:45:00 5.0 073 9.584

11.25.2009 10:15:00 7.0 068 9.655

11.25.2009 10:45:00 6.5 069 9.608

11.25.2009 11:15:00 7.0 068 9.584

11.25.2009 11:45:00 6.7 082 9.725

11.25.2009 12:15:00 7.3 084 9.655

11.25.2009 12:45:00 7.3 080 9.584

11.25.2009 13:15:00 6.2 085 9.631

11.25.2009 13:45:00 7.0 096 9.772

11.25.2009 14:15:00 7.3 102 9.748

11.25.2009 14:45:00 6.7 100 9.631

11.25.2009 15:15:00 6.5 115 9.772

11.25.2009 15:45:00 7.0 107 9.912

11.25.2009 16:15:00 8.2 113 9.959

11.25.2009 16:45:00 7.6 118 9.983

11.25.2009 17:15:00 6.7 102 9.959

11.25.2009 17:45:00 7.0 104 9.983

11.25.2009 18:15:00 6.2 113 9.983

11.25.2009 18:45:00 4.4 114 9.983

11.25.2009 19:15:00 4.4 107 10.077

11.25.2009 19:45:00 4.7 115 10.053

11.25.2009 20:15:00 4.4 111 10.124

11.25.2009 20:45:00 3.2 111 10.124

11.25.2009 21:15:00 4.7 107 10.147

11.25.2009 21:45:00 4.4 122 10.170

11.25.2009 22:15:00 3.8 132 10.194

11.25.2009 22:45:00 4.4 131 10.194

11.25.2009 23:15:00 3.8 135 10.217

11.25.2009 23:45:00 4.1 125 10.217

136
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.26.2009 0:15:00 4.7 119 10.217

11.26.2009 0:45:00 4.4 118 10.194

11.26.2009 1:15:00 4.7 133 10.194

11.26.2009 1:45:00 4.7 135 10.194

11.26.2009 2:15:00 5.6 134 10.217

11.26.2009 2:45:00 5.9 148 10.264

11.26.2009 3:15:00 6.5 152 10.358

11.26.2009 3:45:00 6.7 143 10.382

11.26.2009 4:15:00 5.9 172 10.405

11.26.2009 4:45:00 5.3 188 10.429

11.26.2009 5:15:00 4.1 161 10.452

11.26.2009 5:45:00 2.6 173 10.452

11.26.2009 6:15:00 2.6 154 10.499

11.26.2009 6:45:00 1.5 131 10.523

11.26.2009 7:15:00 0.3 194 10.476

11.26.2009 7:45:00 1.2 011 10.523

11.26.2009 8:15:00 1.5 031 10.429

11.26.2009 8:45:00 2.1 000 10.311

11.26.2009 9:15:00 1.8 355 10.264

11.26.2009 9:45:00 3.5 034 9.983

11.26.2009 10:15:00 5.3 023 10.030

11.26.2009 10:45:00 5.6 045 9.983

11.26.2009 11:15:00 5.6 053 10.030

11.26.2009 11:45:00 5.6 057 9.912

11.26.2009 12:15:00 5.0 078 9.866

11.26.2009 12:45:00 5.3 083 9.889

11.26.2009 13:15:00 4.7 090 9.912

11.26.2009 13:45:00 4.1 115 9.936

11.26.2009 14:15:00 4.4 127 10.100

11.26.2009 14:45:00 4.1 128 10.100

11.26.2009 15:15:00 4.4 118 10.124

11.26.2009 15:45:00 4.1 133 10.006

11.26.2009 16:15:00 4.7 151 10.100

11.26.2009 16:45:00 3.5 165 10.170

11.26.2009 17:15:00 2.9 136 10.217

11.26.2009 17:45:00 2.9 127 10.217

11.26.2009 18:15:00 1.8 167 10.264

11.26.2009 18:45:00 2.3 163 10.288

11.26.2009 19:15:00 1.5 091 10.405

11.26.2009 19:45:00 3.2 077 10.335

11.26.2009 20:15:00 2.6 071 10.288

11.26.2009 20:45:00 1.5 026 10.264

11.26.2009 21:15:00 2.1 051 10.264

11.26.2009 21:45:00 2.1 104 10.311

11.26.2009 22:15:00 2.6 113 10.241

11.26.2009 22:45:00 1.2 049 10.217

11.26.2009 23:15:00 1.8 085 10.264

11.26.2009 23:45:00 1.8 098 10.241

137
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.27.2009 0:15:00 3.5 030 10.217

11.27.2009 0:45:00 2.6 073 10.217

11.27.2009 1:15:00 1.5 095 10.217

11.27.2009 1:45:00 2.9 115 10.170

11.27.2009 2:15:00 2.6 159 10.124

11.27.2009 2:45:00 2.3 143 10.194

11.27.2009 3:15:00 2.9 160 10.194

11.27.2009 3:45:00 2.1 141 10.217

11.27.2009 4:15:00 1.8 108 10.288

11.27.2009 4:45:00 3.8 118 10.288

11.27.2009 5:15:00 2.9 111 10.288

11.27.2009 5:45:00 4.4 073 10.288

11.27.2009 6:15:00 4.4 086 10.311

11.27.2009 6:45:00 4.7 068 10.311

11.27.2009 7:15:00 4.4 066 10.217

11.27.2009 7:45:00 5.0 047 10.170

11.27.2009 8:15:00 6.7 038 10.124

11.27.2009 8:45:00 7.3 045 10.077

11.27.2009 9:15:00 6.7 030 10.053

11.27.2009 9:45:00 7.9 028 9.842

11.27.2009 10:15:00 9.1 022 9.842

11.27.2009 10:45:00 10.3 032 9.725

11.27.2009 11:15:00 8.8 028 9.702

11.27.2009 11:45:00 9.4 041 9.748

11.27.2009 12:15:00 9.7 059 9.748

11.27.2009 12:45:00 10.3 062 9.772

11.27.2009 13:15:00 9.4 069 9.702

11.27.2009 13:45:00 6.7 067 9.397

11.27.2009 14:15:00 6.2 076 9.655

11.27.2009 14:45:00 8.2 079 9.748

11.27.2009 15:15:00 8.2 082 9.772

11.27.2009 15:45:00 9.7 086 9.725

11.27.2009 16:15:00 9.1 081 9.631

11.27.2009 16:45:00 9.7 079 9.655

11.27.2009 17:15:00 10.3 091 9.608

11.27.2009 17:45:00 10.6 088 9.491

11.27.2009 18:15:00 9.1 068 9.467

11.27.2009 18:45:00 7.3 070 9.397

11.27.2009 19:15:00 8.2 086 9.421

11.27.2009 19:45:00 8.5 090 9.280

11.27.2009 20:15:00 8.8 082 9.467

11.27.2009 20:45:00 10.0 084 9.350

11.27.2009 21:15:00 9.1 089 9.304

11.27.2009 21:45:00 9.4 094 9.280

11.27.2009 22:15:00 8.8 088 9.116

11.27.2009 22:45:00 9.7 082 9.116

11.27.2009 23:15:00 12.9 078 9.093

11.27.2009 23:45:00 12.0 086 9.070

138
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.28.2009 0:15:00 12.9 088 9.070

11.28.2009 0:45:00 11.4 094 9.070

11.28.2009 1:15:00 11.7 090 9.046

11.28.2009 1:45:00 11.4 088 9.187

11.28.2009 2:15:00 9.4 095 9.070

11.28.2009 2:45:00 10.9 094 9.187

11.28.2009 3:15:00 10.6 095 9.233

11.28.2009 3:45:00 9.7 104 9.116

11.28.2009 4:15:00 10.0 098 9.187

11.28.2009 4:45:00 10.0 099 9.233

11.28.2009 5:15:00 11.7 089 9.233

11.28.2009 5:45:00 9.7 085 9.140

11.28.2009 6:15:00 10.3 072 9.046

11.28.2009 6:45:00 12.0 070 9.116

11.28.2009 7:15:00 12.9 071 8.930

11.28.2009 7:45:00 11.4 066 8.906

11.28.2009 8:15:00 12.9 064 8.953

11.28.2009 8:45:00 13.2 070 8.859

11.28.2009 9:15:00 13.5 067 8.930

11.28.2009 9:45:00 15.5 071 8.976

11.28.2009 10:15:00 15.8 066 8.859

11.28.2009 10:45:00 15.0 070 8.883

11.28.2009 11:15:00 14.4 077 8.859

11.28.2009 11:45:00 14.1 075 8.719

11.28.2009 12:15:00 13.2 075 8.789

11.28.2009 12:45:00 13.5 074 8.743

11.28.2009 13:15:00 11.7 077 8.626

11.28.2009 13:45:00 10.3 091 8.579

11.28.2009 14:15:00 9.7 092 8.626

11.28.2009 14:45:00 10.6 099 8.673

11.28.2009 15:15:00 10.6 106 8.743

11.28.2009 15:45:00 12.0 104 8.766

11.28.2009 16:15:00 11.4 101 8.766

11.28.2009 16:45:00 10.9 105 8.883

11.28.2009 17:15:00 11.1 103 8.836

11.28.2009 17:45:00 10.3 108 8.813

11.28.2009 18:15:00 9.1 106 8.813

11.28.2009 18:45:00 8.8 111 8.953

11.28.2009 19:15:00 7.6 116 8.930

11.28.2009 19:45:00 7.6 111 9.046

11.28.2009 20:15:00 7.9 107 9.257

11.28.2009 20:45:00 8.5 119 9.304

11.28.2009 21:15:00 7.6 104 9.327

11.28.2009 21:45:00 8.5 088 9.233

11.28.2009 22:15:00 6.2 092 9.280

11.28.2009 22:45:00 5.9 083 9.093

11.28.2009 23:15:00 6.2 082 9.046

11.28.2009 23:45:00 6.5 079 9.070

139
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.29.2009 0:15:00 6.5 084 9.116

11.29.2009 0:45:00 5.9 074 9.116

11.29.2009 1:15:00 6.5 084 9.140

11.29.2009 1:45:00 6.2 071 9.116

11.29.2009 2:15:00 5.3 070 9.140

11.29.2009 2:45:00 5.0 078 9.257

11.29.2009 3:15:00 5.9 073 9.327

11.29.2009 3:45:00 5.9 069 9.350

11.29.2009 4:15:00 5.9 080 9.280

11.29.2009 4:45:00 5.3 073 9.421

11.29.2009 5:15:00 5.9 087 9.350

11.29.2009 5:45:00 6.5 076 9.257

11.29.2009 6:15:00 3.5 080 9.187

11.29.2009 6:45:00 5.6 057 9.257

11.29.2009 7:15:00 7.0 064 9.304

11.29.2009 7:45:00 5.3 076 9.257

11.29.2009 8:15:00 5.0 065 9.304

11.29.2009 8:45:00 4.7 062 9.304

11.29.2009 9:15:00 4.1 068 9.327

11.29.2009 9:45:00 5.9 077 9.280

11.29.2009 10:15:00 2.9 104 9.304

11.29.2009 10:45:00 3.2 103 9.280

11.29.2009 11:15:00 2.9 075 9.257

11.29.2009 11:45:00 3.2 110 9.304

11.29.2009 12:15:00 4.7 128 9.280

11.29.2009 12:45:00 3.8 140 9.280

11.29.2009 13:15:00 3.2 124 9.304

11.29.2009 13:45:00 1.8 113 9.257

11.29.2009 14:15:00 2.6 133 9.280

11.29.2009 14:45:00 2.3 114 9.257

11.29.2009 15:15:00 2.1 101 9.257

11.29.2009 15:45:00 2.3 094 9.233

11.29.2009 16:15:00 0.9 065 9.233

11.29.2009 16:45:00 2.3 122 9.257

11.29.2009 17:15:00 2.9 129 9.304

11.29.2009 17:45:00 2.1 127 9.350

11.29.2009 18:15:00 1.5 176 9.397

11.29.2009 18:45:00 2.6 155 9.491

11.29.2009 19:15:00 3.8 172 9.538

11.29.2009 19:45:00 3.8 163 9.608

11.29.2009 20:15:00 2.6 164 9.631

11.29.2009 20:45:00 2.6 158 9.631

11.29.2009 21:15:00 2.6 167 9.678

11.29.2009 21:45:00 4.1 133 9.678

11.29.2009 22:15:00 2.9 122 9.655

11.29.2009 22:45:00 3.2 131 9.655

11.29.2009 23:15:00 1.5 148 9.678

11.29.2009 23:45:00 2.6 153 9.678

140
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11.30.2009 0:15:00 2.6 135 9.678

11.30.2009 0:45:00 1.2 139 9.702

11.30.2009 1:15:00 2.1 096 9.678

11.30.2009 1:45:00 2.3 052 9.655

11.30.2009 2:15:00 3.5 006 9.631

11.30.2009 2:45:00 2.9 014 9.608

11.30.2009 3:15:00 2.1 038 9.561

11.30.2009 3:45:00 1.8 039 9.538

11.30.2009 4:15:00 2.9 020 9.538

11.30.2009 4:45:00 4.7 002 9.561

11.30.2009 5:15:00 6.5 012 9.538

11.30.2009 5:45:00 5.9 021 9.444

11.30.2009 6:15:00 5.0 011 9.374

11.30.2009 6:45:00 4.4 012 9.397

11.30.2009 7:15:00 3.5 035 9.350

11.30.2009 7:45:00 3.5 030 9.327

11.30.2009 8:15:00 3.5 050 9.374

11.30.2009 8:45:00 2.6 063 9.397

11.30.2009 9:15:00 2.1 096 9.421

11.30.2009 9:45:00 2.9 097 9.421

11.30.2009 10:15:00 2.9 067 9.421

11.30.2009 10:45:00 3.2 094 9.444

11.30.2009 11:15:00 2.6 093 9.444

11.30.2009 11:45:00 3.2 109 9.444

11.30.2009 12:15:00 3.8 124 9.561

11.30.2009 12:45:00 3.2 117 9.678

11.30.2009 13:15:00 3.8 107 9.748

11.30.2009 13:45:00 3.5 093 9.678

11.30.2009 14:15:00 2.1 113 9.678

11.30.2009 14:45:00 1.5 121 9.678

11.30.2009 15:15:00 2.9 090 9.631

11.30.2009 15:45:00 2.9 085 9.561

11.30.2009 16:15:00 1.5 111 9.584

11.30.2009 16:45:00 2.6 142 9.584

11.30.2009 17:15:00 3.5 129 9.655

11.30.2009 17:45:00 5.9 140 9.678

11.30.2009 18:15:00 4.7 158 9.702

11.30.2009 18:45:00 3.5 163 9.702

11.30.2009 19:15:00 3.8 154 9.725

11.30.2009 19:45:00 2.9 136 9.795

11.30.2009 20:15:00 5.3 146 9.866

11.30.2009 20:45:00 4.7 131 9.889

11.30.2009 21:15:00 5.6 152 9.889

11.30.2009 21:45:00 5.0 141 9.866

11.30.2009 22:15:00 5.6 141 9.936

11.30.2009 22:45:00 4.4 141 9.912

11.30.2009 23:15:00 4.4 130 9.866

11.30.2009 23:45:00 4.4 130 9.889

141
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/12/2009 0:15:00 3.8 136 9.889

1/12/2009 0:45:00 5.0 132 9.983

1/12/2009 1:15:00 3.2 127 10.030

1/12/2009 1:45:00 4.1 142 9.983

1/12/2009 2:15:00 2.9 131 10.030

1/12/2009 2:45:00 2.6 116 10.077

1/12/2009 3:15:00 2.6 117 10.170

1/12/2009 3:45:00 3.2 071 10.170

1/12/2009 4:15:00 5.3 067 10.147

1/12/2009 4:45:00 4.1 027 9.866

1/12/2009 5:15:00 7.0 050 9.795

1/12/2009 5:45:00 7.3 043 9.678

1/12/2009 6:15:00 6.7 047 9.655

1/12/2009 6:45:00 6.5 052 9.584

1/12/2009 7:15:00 6.2 071 9.584

1/12/2009 7:45:00 6.2 068 9.608

1/12/2009 8:15:00 7.3 073 9.561

1/12/2009 8:45:00 6.7 075 9.561

1/12/2009 9:15:00 8.2 078 9.608

1/12/2009 9:45:00 8.8 083 9.631

1/12/2009 10:15:00 8.2 077 9.538

1/12/2009 10:45:00 6.7 082 9.561

1/12/2009 11:15:00 8.2 084 9.561

1/12/2009 11:45:00 7.6 088 9.538

1/12/2009 12:15:00 8.5 095 9.561

1/12/2009 12:45:00 7.3 096 9.561

1/12/2009 13:15:00 6.7 103 9.608

1/12/2009 13:45:00 7.3 097 9.608

1/12/2009 14:15:00 7.3 116 9.678

1/12/2009 14:45:00 8.2 118 9.748

1/12/2009 15:15:00 7.6 111 9.702

1/12/2009 15:45:00 7.3 123 9.795

1/12/2009 16:15:00 7.0 115 9.795

1/12/2009 16:45:00 7.6 100 9.725

1/12/2009 17:15:00 7.9 088 9.678

1/12/2009 17:45:00 6.5 091 9.702

1/12/2009 18:15:00 7.0 089 9.608

1/12/2009 18:45:00 6.5 080 9.397

1/12/2009 19:15:00 6.2 083 9.444

1/12/2009 19:45:00 8.2 081 9.514

1/12/2009 20:15:00 8.2 085 9.561

1/12/2009 20:45:00 8.5 068 9.350

1/12/2009 21:15:00 7.0 055 9.350

1/12/2009 21:45:00 7.9 063 9.397

1/12/2009 22:15:00 9.7 067 9.374

1/12/2009 22:45:00 10.9 069 9.327

1/12/2009 23:15:00 11.7 071 9.350

1/12/2009 23:45:00 11.4 075 9.304

142
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/12/2009 0:15:00 11.4 082 9.304

2/12/2009 0:45:00 12.3 087 9.280

2/12/2009 1:15:00 10.3 089 9.257

2/12/2009 1:45:00 8.5 091 9.280

2/12/2009 2:15:00 8.5 088 9.257

2/12/2009 2:45:00 10.6 098 9.280

2/12/2009 3:15:00 9.1 102 9.257

2/12/2009 3:45:00 8.8 100 9.280

2/12/2009 4:15:00 9.7 107 9.327

2/12/2009 4:45:00 9.1 105 9.140

2/12/2009 5:15:00 7.0 116 9.350

2/12/2009 5:45:00 6.2 096 9.374

2/12/2009 6:15:00 6.7 088 9.350

2/12/2009 6:45:00 7.6 080 9.421

2/12/2009 7:15:00 8.5 083 9.467

2/12/2009 7:45:00 8.2 082 9.491

2/12/2009 8:15:00 10.3 081 9.444

2/12/2009 8:45:00 9.4 086 9.397

2/12/2009 9:15:00 8.5 086 9.304

2/12/2009 9:45:00 8.5 083 9.304

2/12/2009 10:15:00 8.8 095 9.257

2/12/2009 10:45:00 7.9 104 9.280

2/12/2009 11:15:00 8.2 107 9.280

2/12/2009 11:45:00 10.3 113 9.538

2/12/2009 12:15:00 11.4 117 9.538

2/12/2009 12:45:00 10.9 118 9.467

2/12/2009 13:15:00 8.2 118 9.374

2/12/2009 13:45:00 9.1 124 9.584

2/12/2009 14:15:00 9.4 137 9.702

2/12/2009 14:45:00 6.7 127 9.725

2/12/2009 15:15:00 7.6 117 9.725

2/12/2009 15:45:00 8.5 122 9.631

2/12/2009 16:15:00 6.7 130 9.655

2/12/2009 16:45:00 8.5 121 9.772

2/12/2009 17:15:00 7.6 122 9.795

2/12/2009 17:45:00 7.0 123 9.772

2/12/2009 18:15:00 6.7 117 9.795

2/12/2009 18:45:00 5.6 117 9.842

2/12/2009 19:15:00 8.2 109 9.842

2/12/2009 19:45:00 7.9 112 9.772

2/12/2009 20:15:00 7.9 099 9.725

2/12/2009 20:45:00 6.2 101 9.702

2/12/2009 21:15:00 6.7 102 9.631

2/12/2009 21:45:00 7.3 088 9.584

2/12/2009 22:15:00 7.3 080 9.491

2/12/2009 22:45:00 8.5 072 9.514

2/12/2009 23:15:00 10.3 089 9.444

2/12/2009 23:45:00 10.0 091 9.444

143
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/12/2009 0:15:00 8.8 088 9.304

3/12/2009 0:45:00 7.0 108 9.397

3/12/2009 1:15:00 6.7 104 9.421

3/12/2009 1:45:00 5.9 102 9.444

3/12/2009 2:15:00 7.0 095 9.514

3/12/2009 2:45:00 8.8 082 9.467

3/12/2009 3:15:00 8.8 077 9.631

3/12/2009 3:45:00 7.9 091 9.631

3/12/2009 4:15:00 8.5 090 9.584

3/12/2009 4:45:00 11.4 081 9.538

3/12/2009 5:15:00 10.0 081 9.467

3/12/2009 5:45:00 10.6 088 9.467

3/12/2009 6:15:00 8.2 098 9.467

3/12/2009 6:45:00 8.2 098 9.561

3/12/2009 7:15:00 9.4 105 9.561

3/12/2009 7:45:00 8.2 106 9.655

3/12/2009 8:15:00 10.0 109 9.608

3/12/2009 8:45:00 8.5 116 9.655

3/12/2009 9:15:00 8.8 113 9.725

3/12/2009 9:45:00 7.9 113 9.795

3/12/2009 10:15:00 8.2 109 9.889

3/12/2009 10:45:00 9.1 098 9.842

3/12/2009 11:15:00 10.3 088 9.866

3/12/2009 11:45:00 10.0 088 9.866

3/12/2009 12:15:00 8.5 081 9.678

3/12/2009 12:45:00 9.1 077 9.608

3/12/2009 13:15:00 7.9 072 9.608

3/12/2009 13:45:00 7.9 077 9.608

3/12/2009 14:15:00 9.1 073 9.702

3/12/2009 14:45:00 9.7 079 9.678

3/12/2009 15:15:00 10.9 076 9.421

3/12/2009 15:45:00 11.7 068 9.304

3/12/2009 16:15:00 10.6 061 9.233

3/12/2009 16:45:00 11.1 066 9.187

3/12/2009 17:15:00 12.9 075 9.187

3/12/2009 17:45:00 14.1 069 9.093

3/12/2009 18:15:00 14.4 079 9.116

3/12/2009 18:45:00 14.4 082 9.093

3/12/2009 19:15:00 15.0 086 9.070

3/12/2009 19:45:00 13.8 086 9.046

3/12/2009 20:15:00 15.3 089 9.093

3/12/2009 20:45:00 14.1 091 9.093

3/12/2009 21:15:00 13.5 088 9.093

3/12/2009 21:45:00 12.3 100 9.116

3/12/2009 22:15:00 13.5 092 9.140

3/12/2009 22:45:00 14.7 096 9.116

3/12/2009 23:15:00 13.8 086 9.116

3/12/2009 23:45:00 14.7 082 9.116

144
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/12/2009 0:15:00 13.5 078 9.093

4/12/2009 0:45:00 15.0 068 9.046

4/12/2009 1:15:00 15.8 069 9.046

4/12/2009 1:45:00 16.1 067 9.070

4/12/2009 2:15:00 14.7 063 8.976

4/12/2009 2:45:00 16.1 067 9.023

4/12/2009 3:15:00 16.4 068 8.906

4/12/2009 3:45:00 17.3 069 9.046

4/12/2009 4:15:00 16.4 077 9.023

4/12/2009 4:45:00 17.6 070 8.906

4/12/2009 5:15:00 17.3 072 8.883

4/12/2009 5:45:00 17.0 072 8.883

4/12/2009 6:15:00 18.2 069 8.883

4/12/2009 6:45:00 16.1 077 8.813

4/12/2009 7:15:00 16.1 072 8.906

4/12/2009 7:45:00 15.5 076 8.859

4/12/2009 8:15:00 15.0 076 8.906

4/12/2009 8:45:00 15.0 085 8.930

4/12/2009 9:15:00 13.2 087 8.953

4/12/2009 9:45:00 15.3 094 9.023

4/12/2009 10:15:00 15.5 089 9.000

4/12/2009 10:45:00 14.4 088 9.000

4/12/2009 11:15:00 13.5 094 9.000

4/12/2009 11:45:00 12.6 089 9.187

4/12/2009 12:15:00 12.9 087 9.187

4/12/2009 12:45:00 12.6 077 9.140

4/12/2009 13:15:00 12.6 070 8.930

4/12/2009 13:45:00 12.9 065 9.046

4/12/2009 14:15:00 12.3 065 8.930

4/12/2009 14:45:00 12.0 064 9.023

4/12/2009 15:15:00 12.3 057 8.906

4/12/2009 15:45:00 12.0 060 8.836

4/12/2009 16:15:00 11.7 052 8.859

4/12/2009 16:45:00 13.2 060 8.696

4/12/2009 17:15:00 11.4 060 8.766

4/12/2009 17:45:00 12.9 063 8.766

4/12/2009 18:15:00 13.2 069 8.719

4/12/2009 18:45:00 15.0 069 8.743

4/12/2009 19:15:00 12.9 066 8.556

4/12/2009 19:45:00 12.0 081 8.509

4/12/2009 20:15:00 14.7 078 8.463

4/12/2009 20:45:00 15.3 083 8.393

4/12/2009 21:15:00 13.8 083 8.416

4/12/2009 21:45:00 13.5 090 8.439

4/12/2009 22:15:00 14.7 090 8.486

4/12/2009 22:45:00 15.3 090 8.463

4/12/2009 23:15:00 13.5 088 8.463

4/12/2009 23:45:00 15.5 086 8.509

145
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/12/2009 0:15:00 16.7 091 8.579

5/12/2009 0:45:00 15.5 088 8.626

5/12/2009 1:15:00 15.3 079 8.603

5/12/2009 1:45:00 17.0 071 8.509

5/12/2009 2:15:00 16.1 075 8.556

5/12/2009 2:45:00 17.6 075 8.416

5/12/2009 3:15:00 17.0 073 8.416

5/12/2009 3:45:00 17.3 070 8.556

5/12/2009 4:15:00 17.0 072 8.509

5/12/2009 4:45:00 17.0 073 8.393

5/12/2009 5:15:00 17.6 071 8.416

5/12/2009 5:45:00 16.1 073 8.369

5/12/2009 6:15:00 15.0 068 8.206

5/12/2009 6:45:00 15.5 072 8.673

5/12/2009 7:15:00 18.2 069 8.323

5/12/2009 7:45:00 18.2 072 8.206

5/12/2009 8:15:00 16.1 078 8.183

5/12/2009 8:45:00 16.1 086 8.229

5/12/2009 9:15:00 17.9 089 8.159

5/12/2009 9:45:00 15.5 099 8.183

5/12/2009 10:15:00 17.9 101 8.159

5/12/2009 10:45:00 16.1 106 8.159

5/12/2009 11:15:00 16.1 108 8.159

5/12/2009 11:45:00 15.3 110 8.229

5/12/2009 12:15:00 15.8 107 8.323

5/12/2009 12:45:00 15.3 098 8.299

5/12/2009 13:15:00 13.8 094 8.369

5/12/2009 13:45:00 13.5 089 8.393

5/12/2009 14:15:00 14.4 085 8.509

5/12/2009 14:45:00 15.8 075 8.439

5/12/2009 15:15:00 17.3 066 8.439

5/12/2009 15:45:00 17.9 063 8.393

5/12/2009 16:15:00 18.8 054 8.323

5/12/2009 16:45:00 19.4 053 8.206

5/12/2009 17:15:00 20.5 053 8.183

5/12/2009 17:45:00 17.0 053 8.206

5/12/2009 18:15:00 18.5 054 8.206

5/12/2009 18:45:00 19.9 058 8.253

5/12/2009 19:15:00 17.3 059 8.113

5/12/2009 19:45:00 17.3 066 8.066

5/12/2009 20:15:00 17.3 068 8.019

5/12/2009 20:45:00 14.7 070 8.043

5/12/2009 21:15:00 15.0 076 8.019

5/12/2009 21:45:00 14.4 080 7.973

5/12/2009 22:15:00 12.0 074 8.089

5/12/2009 22:45:00 11.1 081 8.136

5/12/2009 23:15:00 9.1 078 8.113

5/12/2009 23:45:00 10.3 082 8.159

146
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/12/2009 0:15:00 8.8 082 8.136

6/12/2009 0:45:00 9.4 081 8.183

6/12/2009 1:15:00 8.5 076 8.113

6/12/2009 1:45:00 5.9 088 8.206

6/12/2009 2:15:00 5.0 095 8.323

6/12/2009 2:45:00 4.4 113 8.369

6/12/2009 3:15:00 4.1 100 9.116

6/12/2009 3:45:00 5.0 097 9.093

6/12/2009 4:15:00 5.0 077 9.070

6/12/2009 4:45:00 5.6 059 9.163

6/12/2009 5:15:00 5.9 047 9.187

6/12/2009 5:45:00 5.9 049 9.233

6/12/2009 6:15:00 5.9 046 9.187

6/12/2009 6:45:00 6.5 068 8.976

6/12/2009 7:15:00 5.9 057 8.836

6/12/2009 7:45:00 5.9 066 8.766

6/12/2009 8:15:00 7.3 072 8.626

6/12/2009 8:45:00 8.5 078 8.626

6/12/2009 9:15:00 8.8 091 8.649

6/12/2009 9:45:00 10.6 092 8.719

6/12/2009 10:15:00 10.0 097 8.836

6/12/2009 10:45:00 10.0 107 8.906

6/12/2009 11:15:00 9.1 111 8.906

6/12/2009 11:45:00 9.1 101 8.836

6/12/2009 12:15:00 7.6 099 8.533

6/12/2009 12:45:00 7.6 104 9.046

6/12/2009 13:15:00 10.6 099 9.046

6/12/2009 13:45:00 9.1 099 8.953

6/12/2009 14:15:00 11.7 088 8.953

6/12/2009 14:45:00 10.6 093 8.883

6/12/2009 15:15:00 9.4 086 8.859

6/12/2009 15:45:00 9.7 078 8.766

6/12/2009 16:15:00 9.7 089 8.859

6/12/2009 16:45:00 10.3 077 8.813

6/12/2009 17:15:00 10.9 079 8.673

6/12/2009 17:45:00 11.1 078 8.743

6/12/2009 18:15:00 10.6 083 8.299

6/12/2009 18:45:00 7.6 077 8.393

6/12/2009 19:15:00 9.7 087 8.556

6/12/2009 19:45:00 10.0 095 8.626

6/12/2009 20:15:00 10.6 112 8.603

6/12/2009 20:45:00 9.4 111 8.486

6/12/2009 21:15:00 7.6 126 8.509

6/12/2009 21:45:00 8.8 121 8.346

6/12/2009 22:15:00 8.8 135 8.346

6/12/2009 22:45:00 9.4 135 8.299

6/12/2009 23:15:00 9.7 121 8.533

6/12/2009 23:45:00 10.9 111 8.463

147
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/12/2009 0:15:00 9.7 098 8.509

7/12/2009 0:45:00 10.3 087 8.486

7/12/2009 1:15:00 12.0 087 8.439

7/12/2009 1:45:00 10.9 087 8.393

7/12/2009 2:15:00 9.7 069 8.369

7/12/2009 2:45:00 8.5 079 8.323

7/12/2009 3:15:00 11.1 082 8.276

7/12/2009 3:45:00 11.4 078 8.276

7/12/2009 4:15:00 11.1 083 8.369

7/12/2009 4:45:00 10.9 080 8.346

7/12/2009 5:15:00 11.7 076 8.299

7/12/2009 5:45:00 10.6 069 8.253

7/12/2009 6:15:00 11.1 077 8.253

7/12/2009 6:45:00 9.4 072 8.229

7/12/2009 7:15:00 10.0 082 8.206

7/12/2009 7:45:00 11.4 078 8.206

7/12/2009 8:15:00 10.9 089 8.206

7/12/2009 8:45:00 12.3 094 8.206

7/12/2009 9:15:00 12.6 098 8.159

7/12/2009 9:45:00 11.1 097 8.159

7/12/2009 10:15:00 9.4 097 8.113

7/12/2009 10:45:00 9.7 089 8.113

7/12/2009 11:15:00 10.3 090 8.323

7/12/2009 11:45:00 12.6 094 8.346

7/12/2009 12:15:00 11.7 090 8.346

7/12/2009 12:45:00 12.6 080 8.299

7/12/2009 13:15:00 10.9 078 8.229

7/12/2009 13:45:00 12.3 078 8.229

7/12/2009 14:15:00 12.0 075 8.206

7/12/2009 14:45:00 12.3 077 8.159

7/12/2009 15:15:00 13.2 079 8.159

7/12/2009 15:45:00 12.0 077 8.206

7/12/2009 16:15:00 11.1 068 8.276

7/12/2009 16:45:00 12.6 073 8.253

7/12/2009 17:15:00 10.9 063 8.089

7/12/2009 17:45:00 10.9 062 8.066

7/12/2009 18:15:00 9.7 072 8.299

7/12/2009 18:45:00 9.7 072 8.136

7/12/2009 19:15:00 11.7 071 8.136

7/12/2009 19:45:00 14.1 072 8.066

7/12/2009 20:15:00 12.0 078 8.159

7/12/2009 20:45:00 12.6 084 8.206

7/12/2009 21:15:00 12.9 086 8.043

7/12/2009 21:45:00 12.9 091 8.159

7/12/2009 22:15:00 12.9 102 8.183

7/12/2009 22:45:00 11.7 110 7.950

7/12/2009 23:15:00 12.6 111 8.229

7/12/2009 23:45:00 12.3 114 8.229

148
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/12/2009 0:15:00 13.2 111 8.253

8/12/2009 0:45:00 12.3 113 8.183

8/12/2009 1:15:00 13.5 117 8.253

8/12/2009 1:45:00 12.6 118 8.229

8/12/2009 2:15:00 11.1 111 8.276

8/12/2009 2:45:00 9.4 108 8.276

8/12/2009 3:15:00 9.4 099 8.253

8/12/2009 3:45:00 10.6 089 8.346

8/12/2009 4:15:00 7.9 085 8.323

8/12/2009 4:45:00 9.7 081 8.323

8/12/2009 5:15:00 8.2 082 8.346

8/12/2009 5:45:00 9.1 083 8.369

8/12/2009 6:15:00 7.9 085 8.439

8/12/2009 6:45:00 8.2 090 8.439

8/12/2009 7:15:00 8.5 092 8.486

8/12/2009 7:45:00 8.5 097 8.509

8/12/2009 8:15:00 7.9 105 8.533

8/12/2009 8:45:00 7.6 105 8.509

8/12/2009 9:15:00 7.0 100 8.556

8/12/2009 9:45:00 6.7 094 8.486

8/12/2009 10:15:00 6.5 100 8.509

8/12/2009 10:45:00 5.6 100 8.509

8/12/2009 11:15:00 5.3 109 8.486

8/12/2009 11:45:00 4.4 104 8.509

8/12/2009 12:15:00 3.5 084 8.556

8/12/2009 12:45:00 3.5 087 8.603

8/12/2009 13:15:00 4.1 077 8.556

8/12/2009 13:45:00 5.9 079 8.603

8/12/2009 14:15:00 6.2 093 8.603

8/12/2009 14:45:00 5.9 094 8.603

8/12/2009 15:15:00 5.6 065 8.603

8/12/2009 15:45:00 5.3 070 8.509

8/12/2009 16:15:00 3.5 073 8.463

8/12/2009 16:45:00 3.8 081 8.603

8/12/2009 17:15:00 5.3 084 8.626

8/12/2009 17:45:00 5.6 097 8.626

8/12/2009 18:15:00 4.7 089 8.579

8/12/2009 18:45:00 5.3 097 8.673

8/12/2009 19:15:00 5.0 077 8.649

8/12/2009 19:45:00 4.4 058 8.603

8/12/2009 20:15:00 5.3 038 8.533

8/12/2009 20:45:00 5.6 044 8.603

8/12/2009 21:15:00 5.6 053 8.579

8/12/2009 21:45:00 7.3 055 8.463

8/12/2009 22:15:00 5.3 055 8.369

8/12/2009 22:45:00 3.8 061 8.393

8/12/2009 23:15:00 4.7 122 8.416

8/12/2009 23:45:00 4.7 120 8.416

149
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/12/2009 0:15:00 5.3 129 8.509

9/12/2009 0:45:00 6.2 119 8.416

9/12/2009 1:15:00 6.7 120 8.416

9/12/2009 1:45:00 5.9 115 8.416

9/12/2009 2:15:00 7.0 097 8.439

9/12/2009 2:45:00 5.6 091 8.509

9/12/2009 3:15:00 6.7 096 8.439

9/12/2009 3:45:00 7.0 091 8.463

9/12/2009 4:15:00 6.5 099 8.463

9/12/2009 4:45:00 5.3 083 8.486

9/12/2009 5:15:00 5.9 106 8.486

9/12/2009 5:45:00 6.5 121 8.486

9/12/2009 6:15:00 6.7 124 8.509

9/12/2009 6:45:00 6.7 131 8.533

9/12/2009 7:15:00 6.5 123 8.556

9/12/2009 7:45:00 7.0 115 8.556

9/12/2009 8:15:00 5.6 124 8.533

9/12/2009 8:45:00 5.3 113 8.486

9/12/2009 9:15:00 3.8 083 8.439

9/12/2009 9:45:00 5.0 099 8.463

9/12/2009 10:15:00 5.6 116 8.533

9/12/2009 10:45:00 5.6 110 8.509

9/12/2009 11:15:00 4.1 096 8.533

9/12/2009 11:45:00 4.7 126 8.556

9/12/2009 12:15:00 5.9 102 8.463

9/12/2009 12:45:00 5.6 115 8.439

9/12/2009 13:15:00 6.5 104 8.416

9/12/2009 13:45:00 5.6 092 8.346

9/12/2009 14:15:00 2.6 086 8.416

9/12/2009 14:45:00 4.7 104 8.533

9/12/2009 15:15:00 6.5 113 8.603

9/12/2009 15:45:00 6.2 117 8.626

9/12/2009 16:15:00 5.6 102 8.603

9/12/2009 16:45:00 5.3 108 8.533

9/12/2009 17:15:00 5.9 121 8.533

9/12/2009 17:45:00 3.5 114 8.533

9/12/2009 18:15:00 5.3 099 8.556

9/12/2009 18:45:00 5.6 093 8.603

9/12/2009 19:15:00 4.4 082 8.579

9/12/2009 19:45:00 4.1 052 8.416

9/12/2009 20:15:00 1.8 010 8.369

9/12/2009 20:45:00 3.8 027 8.393

9/12/2009 21:15:00 4.1 058 8.393

9/12/2009 21:45:00 5.9 050 8.253

9/12/2009 22:15:00 5.6 072 8.276

9/12/2009 22:45:00 1.2 127 8.299

9/12/2009 23:15:00 1.8 099 8.393

9/12/2009 23:45:00 4.4 110 8.369

150
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/12/2009 0:15:00 3.8 109 8.393

10/12/2009 0:45:00 2.9 102 8.323

10/12/2009 1:15:00 4.4 115 8.323

10/12/2009 1:45:00 5.0 129 8.393

10/12/2009 2:15:00 4.7 141 8.439

10/12/2009 2:45:00 2.9 162 8.556

10/12/2009 3:15:00 3.2 158 8.533

10/12/2009 3:45:00 4.1 118 8.509

10/12/2009 4:15:00 1.8 121 8.509

10/12/2009 4:45:00 1.8 059 8.486

10/12/2009 5:15:00 2.6 052 8.439

10/12/2009 5:45:00 2.6 057 8.416

10/12/2009 6:15:00 0.9 322 8.393

10/12/2009 6:45:00 2.1 039 8.393

10/12/2009 7:15:00 0.6 323 8.439

10/12/2009 7:45:00 2.1 244 8.789

10/12/2009 8:15:00 1.5 144 8.719

10/12/2009 8:45:00 2.1 077 8.649

10/12/2009 9:15:00 2.9 155 8.626

10/12/2009 9:45:00 4.1 181 8.883

10/12/2009 10:15:00 5.0 150 9.023

10/12/2009 10:45:00 4.4 121 9.000

10/12/2009 11:15:00 3.5 117 9.093

10/12/2009 11:45:00 3.5 077 8.930

10/12/2009 12:15:00 7.0 009 8.486

10/12/2009 12:45:00 7.9 340 8.743

10/12/2009 13:15:00 3.8 358 8.953

10/12/2009 13:45:00 3.2 016 8.813

10/12/2009 14:15:00 2.3 002 8.789

10/12/2009 14:45:00 4.4 005 8.719

10/12/2009 15:15:00 2.6 001 8.673

10/12/2009 15:45:00 1.8 026 8.533

10/12/2009 16:15:00 1.2 331 8.486

10/12/2009 16:45:00 3.5 214 8.439

10/12/2009 17:15:00 5.3 200 8.486

10/12/2009 17:45:00 6.7 209 8.533

10/12/2009 18:15:00 4.1 213 8.556

10/12/2009 18:45:00 4.1 206 8.463

10/12/2009 19:15:00 6.7 204 8.439

10/12/2009 19:45:00 7.0 215 8.439

10/12/2009 20:15:00 6.5 223 8.416

10/12/2009 20:45:00 9.1 232 8.393

10/12/2009 21:15:00 8.5 222 8.369

10/12/2009 21:45:00 10.3 228 8.416

10/12/2009 22:15:00 7.6 252 8.463

10/12/2009 22:45:00 7.3 259 8.649

10/12/2009 23:15:00 4.7 287 8.579

10/12/2009 23:45:00 6.2 300 8.556

151
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/12/2009 0:15:00 8.8 274 8.486

11/12/2009 0:45:00 7.9 296 8.533

11/12/2009 1:15:00 10.0 303 8.533

11/12/2009 1:45:00 7.9 300 8.626

11/12/2009 2:15:00 2.3 274 8.719

11/12/2009 2:45:00 2.1 172 8.906

11/12/2009 3:15:00 4.4 198 8.789

11/12/2009 3:45:00 3.5 206 9.046

11/12/2009 4:15:00 0.6 103 8.859

11/12/2009 4:45:00 1.2 272 8.649

11/12/2009 5:15:00 3.2 349 8.533

11/12/2009 5:45:00 3.8 005 8.533

11/12/2009 6:15:00 4.4 354 8.486

11/12/2009 6:45:00 3.8 338 8.603

11/12/2009 7:15:00 3.2 339 8.579

11/12/2009 7:45:00 3.8 329 8.603

11/12/2009 8:15:00 4.7 348 8.603

11/12/2009 8:45:00 4.4 341 8.393

11/12/2009 9:15:00 3.5 316 8.556

11/12/2009 9:45:00 3.8 314 8.533

11/12/2009 10:15:00 2.1 309 8.603

11/12/2009 10:45:00 2.3 338 8.603

11/12/2009 11:15:00 2.9 006 8.626

11/12/2009 11:45:00 3.2 341 8.603

11/12/2009 12:15:00 5.3 005 8.626

11/12/2009 12:45:00 10.3 331 8.486

11/12/2009 13:15:00 9.1 330 8.463

11/12/2009 13:45:00 10.0 327 8.439

11/12/2009 14:15:00 5.3 320 8.416

11/12/2009 14:45:00 4.4 339 8.299

11/12/2009 15:15:00 6.5 346 8.276

11/12/2009 15:45:00 4.4 003 8.253

11/12/2009 16:15:00 3.2 354 8.323

11/12/2009 16:45:00 3.5 337 8.299

11/12/2009 17:15:00 2.9 355 8.276

11/12/2009 17:45:00 3.2 030 8.369

11/12/2009 18:15:00 4.7 012 8.253

11/12/2009 18:45:00 3.5 020 8.323

11/12/2009 19:15:00 4.4 020 8.299

11/12/2009 19:45:00 3.2 043 8.299

11/12/2009 20:15:00 3.5 048 8.253

11/12/2009 20:45:00 1.2 043 8.253

11/12/2009 21:15:00 2.3 113 8.323

11/12/2009 21:45:00 4.1 126 8.346

11/12/2009 22:15:00 4.7 129 8.393

11/12/2009 22:45:00 3.8 160 8.393

11/12/2009 23:15:00 2.6 190 8.556

11/12/2009 23:45:00 2.1 157 8.603

152
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/12/2009 0:15:00 3.2 089 8.649

12/12/2009 0:45:00 2.1 084 8.603

12/12/2009 1:15:00 1.8 341 8.603

12/12/2009 1:45:00 2.3 039 8.603

12/12/2009 2:15:00 3.2 045 8.649

12/12/2009 2:45:00 3.2 072 8.649

12/12/2009 3:15:00 4.4 041 8.603

12/12/2009 3:45:00 4.7 014 8.556

12/12/2009 4:15:00 4.1 020 8.556

12/12/2009 4:45:00 4.7 033 8.696

12/12/2009 5:15:00 4.1 029 8.696

12/12/2009 5:45:00 5.9 026 8.719

12/12/2009 6:15:00 6.7 034 8.673

12/12/2009 6:45:00 6.5 030 8.673

12/12/2009 7:15:00 6.5 031 8.533

12/12/2009 7:45:00 7.0 018 8.533

12/12/2009 8:15:00 7.3 008 8.603

12/12/2009 8:45:00 7.6 017 8.626

12/12/2009 9:15:00 7.0 043 8.673

12/12/2009 9:45:00 6.5 058 8.673

12/12/2009 10:15:00 5.9 057 8.626

12/12/2009 10:45:00 5.6 020 8.509

12/12/2009 11:15:00 7.3 018 8.486

12/12/2009 11:45:00 9.7 003 8.416

12/12/2009 12:15:00 7.9 007 8.393

12/12/2009 12:45:00 8.8 006 8.346

12/12/2009 13:15:00 7.9 002 8.393

12/12/2009 13:45:00 6.7 004 8.579

12/12/2009 14:15:00 5.9 038 8.509

12/12/2009 14:45:00 5.9 028 8.486

12/12/2009 15:15:00 5.0 026 8.439

12/12/2009 15:45:00 4.1 032 8.393

12/12/2009 16:15:00 1.5 358 8.346

12/12/2009 16:45:00 1.5 072 8.346

12/12/2009 17:15:00 2.1 093 8.533

12/12/2009 17:45:00 3.8 075 8.533

12/12/2009 18:15:00 3.2 070 8.439

12/12/2009 18:45:00 1.8 051 8.439

12/12/2009 19:15:00 3.2 045 8.556

12/12/2009 19:45:00 5.3 091 8.509

12/12/2009 20:15:00 3.8 117 8.509

12/12/2009 20:45:00 2.6 082 8.486

12/12/2009 21:15:00 2.9 086 8.486

12/12/2009 21:45:00 2.6 102 8.509

12/12/2009 22:15:00 2.6 136 8.556

12/12/2009 22:45:00 1.5 150 8.579

12/12/2009 23:15:00 2.1 165 8.626

12/12/2009 23:45:00 2.1 102 8.626

153
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.13.2009 0:15:00 2.3 065 8.743

12.13.2009 0:45:00 3.2 052 8.673

12.13.2009 1:15:00 2.3 070 8.789

12.13.2009 1:45:00 5.0 049 8.789

12.13.2009 2:15:00 7.0 041 8.766

12.13.2009 2:45:00 5.0 036 8.673

12.13.2009 3:15:00 3.5 020 8.603

12.13.2009 3:45:00 4.1 040 8.649

12.13.2009 4:15:00 3.2 036 8.673

12.13.2009 4:45:00 2.9 014 8.719

12.13.2009 5:15:00 4.1 012 8.673

12.13.2009 5:45:00 6.5 022 8.603

12.13.2009 6:15:00 4.1 041 8.603

12.13.2009 6:45:00 5.6 011 8.556

12.13.2009 7:15:00 7.0 352 8.533

12.13.2009 7:45:00 6.5 002 8.556

12.13.2009 8:15:00 5.6 009 8.556

12.13.2009 8:45:00 5.0 002 8.579

12.13.2009 9:15:00 2.6 018 8.626

12.13.2009 9:45:00 4.1 040 8.719

12.13.2009 10:15:00 4.7 054 8.626

12.13.2009 10:45:00 4.4 055 8.649

12.13.2009 11:15:00 5.9 042 8.579

12.13.2009 11:45:00 6.5 030 8.533

12.13.2009 12:15:00 5.3 011 8.509

12.13.2009 12:45:00 4.1 045 8.556

12.13.2009 13:15:00 3.5 053 8.509

12.13.2009 13:45:00 3.5 032 8.486

12.13.2009 14:15:00 3.8 060 8.579

12.13.2009 14:45:00 3.5 115 8.626

12.13.2009 15:15:00 5.9 143 8.556

12.13.2009 15:45:00 4.7 154 8.533

12.13.2009 16:15:00 4.7 154 8.533

12.13.2009 16:45:00 6.2 160 8.509

12.13.2009 17:15:00 5.3 145 8.463

12.13.2009 17:45:00 1.5 150 8.439

12.13.2009 18:15:00 2.6 155 8.556

12.13.2009 18:45:00 3.2 165 8.649

12.13.2009 19:15:00 3.2 134 8.789

12.13.2009 19:45:00 1.8 108 8.813

12.13.2009 20:15:00 2.6 083 8.789

12.13.2009 20:45:00 5.0 051 8.719

12.13.2009 21:15:00 4.7 052 8.673

12.13.2009 21:45:00 1.5 073 8.673

12.13.2009 22:15:00 5.0 098 8.696

12.13.2009 22:45:00 3.8 091 8.719

12.13.2009 23:15:00 3.2 094 8.789

12.13.2009 23:45:00 4.1 138 8.789

154
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.14.2009 0:15:00 2.1 114 8.766

12.14.2009 0:45:00 2.1 059 8.766

12.14.2009 1:15:00 3.2 036 8.789

12.14.2009 1:45:00 3.5 025 8.766

12.14.2009 2:15:00 3.8 024 8.743

12.14.2009 2:45:00 5.6 032 8.673

12.14.2009 3:15:00 3.8 038 8.673

12.14.2009 3:45:00 7.3 044 8.696

12.14.2009 4:15:00 5.6 042 8.626

12.14.2009 4:45:00 6.5 032 8.556

12.14.2009 5:15:00 5.3 037 8.509

12.14.2009 5:45:00 3.8 053 8.556

12.14.2009 6:15:00 4.4 061 8.626

12.14.2009 6:45:00 5.3 075 8.603

12.14.2009 7:15:00 5.3 079 8.603

12.14.2009 7:45:00 5.3 091 8.603

12.14.2009 8:15:00 5.9 088 8.696

12.14.2009 8:45:00 5.3 075 8.766

12.14.2009 9:15:00 6.5 084 8.813

12.14.2009 9:45:00 5.9 097 8.743

12.14.2009 10:15:00 6.2 100 8.789

12.14.2009 10:45:00 5.0 100 8.813

12.14.2009 11:15:00 5.3 090 8.789

12.14.2009 11:45:00 7.0 076 8.813

12.14.2009 12:15:00 6.2 072 8.813

12.14.2009 12:45:00 5.9 080 8.789

12.14.2009 13:15:00 6.5 075 8.766

12.14.2009 13:45:00 7.0 077 8.766

12.14.2009 14:15:00 5.3 084 8.743

12.14.2009 14:45:00 6.7 110 8.743

12.14.2009 15:15:00 6.7 111 8.766

12.14.2009 15:45:00 7.3 110 8.789

12.14.2009 16:15:00 6.7 127 8.836

12.14.2009 16:45:00 5.3 120 8.813

12.14.2009 17:15:00 5.9 126 8.813

12.14.2009 17:45:00 5.6 124 8.766

12.14.2009 18:15:00 4.4 111 8.719

12.14.2009 18:45:00 5.3 105 8.719

12.14.2009 19:15:00 5.3 092 8.859

12.14.2009 19:45:00 5.3 109 8.836

12.14.2009 20:15:00 3.2 119 8.813

12.14.2009 20:45:00 4.1 120 8.859

12.14.2009 21:15:00 5.0 136 8.906

12.14.2009 21:45:00 4.7 141 9.000

12.14.2009 22:15:00 5.6 145 9.000

12.14.2009 22:45:00 4.4 156 9.046

12.14.2009 23:15:00 3.5 144 9.046

12.14.2009 23:45:00 2.3 103 9.046

155
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.15.2009 0:15:00 0.9 057 9.070

12.15.2009 0:45:00 2.9 025 9.000

12.15.2009 1:15:00 5.0 014 8.976

12.15.2009 1:45:00 6.5 007 8.953

12.15.2009 2:15:00 5.0 007 8.976

12.15.2009 2:45:00 5.3 004 9.000

12.15.2009 3:15:00 7.0 015 8.930

12.15.2009 3:45:00 7.6 017 8.766

12.15.2009 4:15:00 7.3 020 8.766

12.15.2009 4:45:00 6.5 039 8.719

12.15.2009 5:15:00 5.9 047 8.696

12.15.2009 5:45:00 7.0 051 8.673

12.15.2009 6:15:00 7.9 066 8.673

12.15.2009 6:45:00 5.3 069 8.673

12.15.2009 7:15:00 5.9 082 8.696

12.15.2009 7:45:00 6.5 089 8.696

12.15.2009 8:15:00 5.6 085 8.696

12.15.2009 8:45:00 5.0 063 8.673

12.15.2009 9:15:00 5.3 072 8.673

12.15.2009 9:45:00 5.6 075 8.673

12.15.2009 10:15:00 5.6 071 8.673

12.15.2009 10:45:00 5.6 065 8.649

12.15.2009 11:15:00 5.0 074 8.649

12.15.2009 11:45:00 6.2 074 8.649

12.15.2009 12:15:00 5.6 084 8.673

12.15.2009 12:45:00 5.0 089 8.649

12.15.2009 13:15:00 7.0 061 8.603

12.15.2009 13:45:00 4.7 059 8.533

12.15.2009 14:15:00 5.9 070 8.603

12.15.2009 14:45:00 5.3 090 8.626

12.15.2009 15:15:00 5.3 107 8.673

12.15.2009 15:45:00 6.2 092 8.719

12.15.2009 16:15:00 6.5 096 8.719

12.15.2009 16:45:00 6.7 073 8.719

12.15.2009 17:15:00 5.6 084 8.579

12.15.2009 17:45:00 7.9 053 8.463

12.15.2009 18:15:00 5.9 056 8.533

12.15.2009 18:45:00 5.0 066 8.533

12.15.2009 19:15:00 7.0 049 8.369

12.15.2009 19:45:00 6.5 047 8.416

12.15.2009 20:15:00 6.5 066 8.416

12.15.2009 20:45:00 6.7 089 8.346

12.15.2009 21:15:00 6.2 109 8.346

12.15.2009 21:45:00 6.7 114 8.323

12.15.2009 22:15:00 5.9 097 8.439

12.15.2009 22:45:00 6.2 105 8.439

12.15.2009 23:15:00 5.3 102 8.486

12.15.2009 23:45:00 4.7 096 8.509

156
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.16.2009 0:15:00 4.4 100 8.416

12.16.2009 0:45:00 5.6 084 8.439

12.16.2009 1:15:00 5.0 095 8.486

12.16.2009 1:45:00 5.3 106 8.509

12.16.2009 2:15:00 6.5 102 8.509

12.16.2009 2:45:00 5.6 115 8.486

12.16.2009 3:15:00 5.3 108 8.509

12.16.2009 3:45:00 5.3 113 8.509

12.16.2009 4:15:00 5.3 103 8.509

12.16.2009 4:45:00 5.3 081 8.439

12.16.2009 5:15:00 3.8 069 8.486

12.16.2009 5:45:00 3.8 068 8.533

12.16.2009 6:15:00 5.0 066 8.626

12.16.2009 6:45:00 4.7 075 8.626

12.16.2009 7:15:00 4.4 073 8.649

12.16.2009 7:45:00 4.7 066 8.626

12.16.2009 8:15:00 5.6 075 8.626

12.16.2009 8:45:00 4.4 080 8.626

12.16.2009 9:15:00 5.9 092 8.509

12.16.2009 9:45:00 5.9 063 8.486

12.16.2009 10:15:00 7.0 066 8.463

12.16.2009 10:45:00 7.3 060 8.439

12.16.2009 11:15:00 7.9 056 8.369

12.16.2009 11:45:00 6.7 061 8.323

12.16.2009 12:15:00 7.6 063 8.253

12.16.2009 12:45:00 6.5 073 8.206

12.16.2009 13:15:00 7.6 068 8.206

12.16.2009 13:45:00 8.5 060 8.229

12.16.2009 14:15:00 9.1 069 8.229

12.16.2009 14:45:00 9.4 078 8.253

12.16.2009 15:15:00 8.8 085 8.206

12.16.2009 15:45:00 9.4 084 8.229

12.16.2009 16:15:00 9.4 086 8.206

12.16.2009 16:45:00 8.5 091 8.206

12.16.2009 17:15:00 8.2 093 8.206

12.16.2009 17:45:00 9.1 096 8.299

12.16.2009 18:15:00 9.1 100 8.346

12.16.2009 18:45:00 10.0 106 8.439

12.16.2009 19:15:00 8.8 093 8.416

12.16.2009 19:45:00 10.3 104 8.416

12.16.2009 20:15:00 11.1 100 8.416

12.16.2009 20:45:00 11.1 096 8.416

12.16.2009 21:15:00 9.7 093 8.416

12.16.2009 21:45:00 11.1 095 8.323

12.16.2009 22:15:00 10.0 102 8.416

12.16.2009 22:45:00 9.1 104 8.393

12.16.2009 23:15:00 9.4 099 8.393

12.16.2009 23:45:00 8.8 102 8.369

157
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.17.2009 0:15:00 10.3 114 8.416

12.17.2009 0:45:00 8.8 113 8.416

12.17.2009 1:15:00 8.2 114 8.416

12.17.2009 1:45:00 7.0 116 8.416

12.17.2009 2:15:00 7.3 119 8.393

12.17.2009 2:45:00 8.2 109 8.439

12.17.2009 3:15:00 8.8 105 8.416

12.17.2009 3:45:00 6.5 102 8.416

12.17.2009 4:15:00 6.7 096 8.393

12.17.2009 4:45:00 7.6 110 8.439

12.17.2009 5:15:00 7.0 098 8.439

12.17.2009 5:45:00 6.5 098 8.486

12.17.2009 6:15:00 5.0 094 8.393

12.17.2009 6:45:00 4.1 086 8.369

12.17.2009 7:15:00 5.0 089 8.369

12.17.2009 7:45:00 5.3 060 8.439

12.17.2009 8:15:00 5.9 085 8.509

12.17.2009 8:45:00 8.5 069 8.556

12.17.2009 9:15:00 8.2 068 8.439

12.17.2009 9:45:00 7.0 068 8.486

12.17.2009 10:15:00 8.2 071 8.439

12.17.2009 10:45:00 7.6 059 8.393

12.17.2009 11:15:00 8.2 067 8.463

12.17.2009 11:45:00 9.1 071 8.369

12.17.2009 12:15:00 10.0 064 8.323

12.17.2009 12:45:00 7.9 064 8.206

12.17.2009 13:15:00 7.9 057 8.136

12.17.2009 13:45:00 9.1 064 8.183

12.17.2009 14:15:00 8.8 072 8.206

12.17.2009 14:45:00 8.8 079 8.206

12.17.2009 15:15:00 11.1 083 8.183

12.17.2009 15:45:00 10.6 079 8.229

12.17.2009 16:15:00 9.1 076 8.159

12.17.2009 16:45:00 8.8 067 8.253

12.17.2009 17:15:00 11.7 071 8.206

12.17.2009 17:45:00 11.1 076 8.206

12.17.2009 18:15:00 10.9 084 8.206

12.17.2009 18:45:00 12.0 088 8.253

12.17.2009 19:15:00 11.7 086 8.136

12.17.2009 19:45:00 10.6 087 8.136

12.17.2009 20:15:00 11.1 085 8.066

12.17.2009 20:45:00 9.7 093 8.159

12.17.2009 21:15:00 9.4 094 8.136

12.17.2009 21:45:00 11.1 100 8.229

12.17.2009 22:15:00 11.4 095 8.253

12.17.2009 22:45:00 12.9 099 8.299

12.17.2009 23:15:00 12.0 097 8.299

12.17.2009 23:45:00 9.7 092 8.299

158
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.18.2009 0:15:00 9.7 100 8.323

12.18.2009 0:45:00 11.4 088 8.346

12.18.2009 1:15:00 10.0 084 8.346

12.18.2009 1:45:00 9.7 086 8.299

12.18.2009 2:15:00 8.5 089 8.369

12.18.2009 2:45:00 8.8 099 8.369

12.18.2009 3:15:00 7.9 089 8.416

12.18.2009 3:45:00 7.9 087 8.393

12.18.2009 4:15:00 8.5 083 8.463

12.18.2009 4:45:00 7.6 095 8.439

12.18.2009 5:15:00 7.9 089 8.416

12.18.2009 5:45:00 6.5 087 8.439

12.18.2009 6:15:00 5.6 081 8.486

12.18.2009 6:45:00 6.2 075 8.486

12.18.2009 7:15:00 4.1 073 8.439

12.18.2009 7:45:00 6.2 062 8.486

12.18.2009 8:15:00 7.0 062 8.509

12.18.2009 8:45:00 7.0 054 8.439

12.18.2009 9:15:00 6.5 038 8.393

12.18.2009 9:45:00 7.3 021 8.439

12.18.2009 10:15:00 8.5 022 8.369

12.18.2009 10:45:00 8.8 023 8.323

12.18.2009 11:15:00 10.6 020 8.323

12.18.2009 11:45:00 11.1 015 8.276

12.18.2009 12:15:00 12.3 009 8.159

12.18.2009 12:45:00 12.3 007 8.043

12.18.2009 13:15:00 12.6 014 8.113

12.18.2009 13:45:00 12.9 017 7.950

12.18.2009 14:15:00 11.1 015 8.019

12.18.2009 14:45:00 10.9 014 7.880

12.18.2009 15:15:00 10.6 009 7.926

12.18.2009 15:45:00 10.3 013 7.950

12.18.2009 16:15:00 12.3 014 8.019

12.18.2009 16:45:00 9.1 026 7.996

12.18.2009 17:15:00 8.5 032 8.043

12.18.2009 17:45:00 6.7 038 7.950

12.18.2009 18:15:00 5.6 060 7.973

12.18.2009 18:45:00 6.5 052 7.950

12.18.2009 19:15:00 4.7 084 7.950

12.18.2009 19:45:00 4.7 099 7.973

12.18.2009 20:15:00 4.7 115 7.996

12.18.2009 20:45:00 3.2 138 7.996

12.18.2009 21:15:00 2.6 099 8.066

12.18.2009 21:45:00 3.2 079 8.229

12.18.2009 22:15:00 3.5 060 8.183

12.18.2009 22:45:00 2.9 042 8.183

12.18.2009 23:15:00 2.1 072 8.206

12.18.2009 23:45:00 1.8 103 8.253

159
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.19.2009 0:15:00 2.3 118 8.323

12.19.2009 0:45:00 2.9 119 8.533

12.19.2009 1:15:00 2.9 134 8.696

12.19.2009 1:45:00 4.7 093 8.766

12.19.2009 2:15:00 5.3 080 8.719

12.19.2009 2:45:00 3.8 079 8.673

12.19.2009 3:15:00 3.5 059 8.603

12.19.2009 3:45:00 0.6 029 8.556

12.19.2009 4:15:00 2.3 167 8.579

12.19.2009 4:45:00 1.5 224 8.766

12.19.2009 5:15:00 1.5 213 8.953

12.19.2009 5:45:00 0.9 054 8.836

12.19.2009 6:15:00 2.3 346 8.883

12.19.2009 6:45:00 4.7 332 9.000

12.19.2009 7:15:00 5.0 007 9.093

12.19.2009 7:45:00 6.2 004 9.163

12.19.2009 8:15:00 5.9 008 9.257

12.19.2009 8:45:00 5.6 011 9.187

12.19.2009 9:15:00 6.7 015 9.187

12.19.2009 9:45:00 8.5 003 9.163

12.19.2009 10:15:00 9.7 358 9.000

12.19.2009 10:45:00 12.0 354 8.719

12.19.2009 11:15:00 12.0 000 8.673

12.19.2009 11:45:00 14.4 355 8.696

12.19.2009 12:15:00 12.6 359 8.579

12.19.2009 12:45:00 12.6 004 8.393

12.19.2009 13:15:00 10.6 011 8.439

12.19.2009 13:45:00 11.7 014 8.533

12.19.2009 14:15:00 10.0 015 8.323

12.19.2009 14:45:00 10.3 016 8.579

12.19.2009 15:15:00 14.4 020 8.439

12.19.2009 15:45:00 13.8 018 8.323

12.19.2009 16:15:00 11.4 007 8.066

12.19.2009 16:45:00 10.9 012 8.089

12.19.2009 17:15:00 10.3 014 7.996

12.19.2009 17:45:00 9.4 026 7.973

12.19.2009 18:15:00 9.1 041 7.926

12.19.2009 18:45:00 8.8 041 7.903

12.19.2009 19:15:00 8.5 046 7.856

12.19.2009 19:45:00 7.9 066 7.833

12.19.2009 20:15:00 7.6 076 7.856

12.19.2009 20:45:00 7.6 065 7.810

12.19.2009 21:15:00 7.0 073 7.880

12.19.2009 21:45:00 8.5 081 7.856

12.19.2009 22:15:00 8.5 078 7.880

12.19.2009 22:45:00 9.4 085 7.880

12.19.2009 23:15:00 8.8 081 7.880

12.19.2009 23:45:00 7.9 088 7.786

160
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.20.2009 0:15:00 7.9 097 7.763

12.20.2009 0:45:00 8.8 108 7.786

12.20.2009 1:15:00 9.1 110 7.810

12.20.2009 1:45:00 9.1 121 7.786

12.20.2009 2:15:00 9.7 117 7.763

12.20.2009 2:45:00 7.6 112 7.717

12.20.2009 3:15:00 8.8 113 7.833

12.20.2009 3:45:00 10.6 108 7.903

12.20.2009 4:15:00 9.4 103 7.670

12.20.2009 4:45:00 10.0 092 7.903

12.20.2009 5:15:00 11.7 085 7.973

12.20.2009 5:45:00 12.6 084 7.926

12.20.2009 6:15:00 14.7 087 7.833

12.20.2009 6:45:00 15.3 086 7.950

12.20.2009 7:15:00 12.3 086 7.903

12.20.2009 7:45:00 13.5 085 7.950

12.20.2009 8:15:00 15.3 094 7.996

12.20.2009 8:45:00 13.5 095 7.880

12.20.2009 9:15:00 14.7 093 7.903

12.20.2009 9:45:00 12.3 098 7.903

12.20.2009 10:15:00 13.2 105 7.880

12.20.2009 10:45:00 12.0 094 7.973

12.20.2009 11:15:00 14.1 080 7.856

12.20.2009 11:45:00 12.3 079 7.670

12.20.2009 12:15:00 14.7 068 7.693

12.20.2009 12:45:00 15.3 071 7.647

12.20.2009 13:15:00 15.3 067 7.693

12.20.2009 13:45:00 14.7 066 7.623

12.20.2009 14:15:00 15.5 064 7.647

12.20.2009 14:45:00 18.2 065 7.693

12.20.2009 15:15:00 17.3 061 7.647

12.20.2009 15:45:00 19.7 062 7.693

12.20.2009 16:15:00 19.4 063 7.717

12.20.2009 16:45:00 17.6 062 7.623

12.20.2009 17:15:00 18.5 067 7.623

12.20.2009 17:45:00 19.1 065 7.577

12.20.2009 18:15:00 16.1 059 7.507

12.20.2009 18:45:00 16.7 073 7.507

12.20.2009 19:15:00 15.3 075 7.554

12.20.2009 19:45:00 16.4 078 7.554

12.20.2009 20:15:00 16.7 078 7.600

12.20.2009 20:45:00 15.3 085 7.484

12.20.2009 21:15:00 15.0 090 7.647

12.20.2009 21:45:00 14.1 091 7.507

12.20.2009 22:15:00 13.8 096 7.484

12.20.2009 22:45:00 12.9 100 7.623

12.20.2009 23:15:00 13.8 103 7.740

12.20.2009 23:45:00 13.2 103 7.763

161
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.21.2009 0:15:00 13.5 099 7.740

12.21.2009 0:45:00 11.1 097 7.693

12.21.2009 1:15:00 11.4 089 7.670

12.21.2009 1:45:00 10.6 087 7.810

12.21.2009 2:15:00 12.3 084 7.763

12.21.2009 2:45:00 11.1 078 7.763

12.21.2009 3:15:00 11.4 075 7.600

12.21.2009 3:45:00 11.1 065 7.484

12.21.2009 4:15:00 10.9 061 7.600

12.21.2009 4:45:00 11.1 073 7.530

12.21.2009 5:15:00 10.9 088 7.577

12.21.2009 5:45:00 11.4 091 7.507

12.21.2009 6:15:00 12.9 094 7.600

12.21.2009 6:45:00 11.7 110 7.484

12.21.2009 7:15:00 12.0 121 7.367

12.21.2009 7:45:00 11.4 115 7.414

12.21.2009 8:15:00 11.4 119 7.600

12.21.2009 8:45:00 10.0 113 7.577

12.21.2009 9:15:00 12.3 102 7.600

12.21.2009 9:45:00 13.5 107 7.623

12.21.2009 10:15:00 11.4 105 7.623

12.21.2009 10:45:00 12.0 102 7.623

12.21.2009 11:15:00 10.9 093 7.623

12.21.2009 11:45:00 11.4 097 7.623

12.21.2009 12:15:00 9.1 098 7.670

12.21.2009 12:45:00 9.1 116 7.763

12.21.2009 13:15:00 10.3 120 7.763

12.21.2009 13:45:00 9.4 122 7.833

12.21.2009 14:15:00 7.3 105 7.833

12.21.2009 14:45:00 6.2 083 7.856

12.21.2009 15:15:00 5.0 064 7.833

12.21.2009 15:45:00 5.9 075 7.880

12.21.2009 16:15:00 5.6 064 7.996

12.21.2009 16:45:00 6.2 082 7.996

12.21.2009 17:15:00 7.6 068 7.950

12.21.2009 17:45:00 6.7 049 7.880

12.21.2009 18:15:00 5.0 036 7.856

12.21.2009 18:45:00 6.7 043 7.880

12.21.2009 19:15:00 6.5 035 7.856

12.21.2009 19:45:00 6.7 021 7.833

12.21.2009 20:15:00 3.8 026 7.973

12.21.2009 20:45:00 3.2 073 8.136

12.21.2009 21:15:00 3.5 083 7.973

12.21.2009 21:45:00 2.9 163 7.810

12.21.2009 22:15:00 6.2 200 7.903

12.21.2009 22:45:00 6.2 191 7.880

12.21.2009 23:15:00 7.3 210 7.903

12.21.2009 23:45:00 5.6 197 7.670

162
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.22.2009 0:15:00 6.7 219 7.880

12.22.2009 0:45:00 5.3 211 8.043

12.22.2009 1:15:00 5.3 226 7.623

12.22.2009 1:45:00 6.5 222 8.066

12.22.2009 2:15:00 7.3 223 8.089

12.22.2009 2:45:00 7.9 237 7.786

12.22.2009 3:15:00 8.5 233 8.159

12.22.2009 3:45:00 8.2 238 8.136

12.22.2009 4:15:00 7.3 234 8.299

12.22.2009 4:45:00 7.9 225 8.323

12.22.2009 5:15:00 9.7 229 8.323

12.22.2009 5:45:00 7.6 236 8.276

12.22.2009 6:15:00 8.5 242 8.183

12.22.2009 6:45:00 9.1 258 8.159

12.22.2009 7:15:00 7.6 279 8.183

12.22.2009 7:45:00 12.6 268 7.833

12.22.2009 8:15:00 15.8 267 7.670

12.22.2009 8:45:00 19.4 265 7.833

12.22.2009 9:15:00 15.3 274 7.740

12.22.2009 9:45:00 11.4 267 7.717

12.22.2009 10:15:00 12.0 264 8.019

12.22.2009 10:45:00 13.2 258 7.833

12.22.2009 11:15:00 18.5 255 7.740

12.22.2009 11:45:00 18.2 256 7.321

12.22.2009 12:15:00 20.2 262 7.670

12.22.2009 12:45:00 20.8 262 7.600

12.22.2009 13:15:00 23.5 260 7.507

12.22.2009 13:45:00 24.1 261 8.043

12.22.2009 14:15:00 23.2 256 7.414

12.22.2009 14:45:00 24.1 259 8.089

12.22.2009 15:15:00 22.9 257 7.786

12.22.2009 15:45:00 23.2 261 7.437

12.22.2009 16:15:00 24.1 261 7.856

12.22.2009 16:45:00 21.1 269 7.950

12.22.2009 17:15:00 17.3 273 7.810

12.22.2009 17:45:00 19.7 270 7.623

12.22.2009 18:15:00 27.0 263 7.367

12.22.2009 18:45:00 29.3 262 7.484

12.22.2009 19:15:00 28.5 261 7.414

12.22.2009 19:45:00 29.0 259 7.460

12.22.2009 20:15:00 28.7 259 7.460

12.22.2009 20:45:00 29.0 258 7.484

12.22.2009 21:15:00 28.7 256 7.484

12.22.2009 21:45:00 26.7 258 7.484

12.22.2009 22:15:00 27.0 258 7.507

12.22.2009 22:45:00 26.1 255 7.507

12.22.2009 23:15:00 26.4 255 7.670

12.22.2009 23:45:00 24.1 256 7.554

163
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.23.2009 0:15:00 26.7 253 7.647

12.23.2009 0:45:00 27.6 256 7.530

12.23.2009 1:15:00 27.9 253 7.554

12.23.2009 1:45:00 27.9 255 7.647

12.23.2009 2:15:00 27.6 250 7.600

12.23.2009 2:45:00 28.7 251 7.600

12.23.2009 3:15:00 29.9 248 7.647

12.23.2009 3:45:00 31.4 248 7.740

12.23.2009 4:15:00 31.1 247 7.740

12.23.2009 4:45:00 30.2 248 7.810

12.23.2009 5:15:00 30.8 245 7.856

12.23.2009 5:45:00 32.0 246 7.833

12.23.2009 6:15:00 32.6 251 7.880

12.23.2009 6:45:00 33.7 249 7.926

12.23.2009 7:15:00 35.2 248 7.973

12.23.2009 7:45:00 32.3 249 8.043

12.23.2009 8:15:00 34.3 246 7.996

12.23.2009 8:45:00 31.7 251 8.043

12.23.2009 9:15:00 26.7 256 8.183

12.23.2009 9:45:00 29.6 254 8.066

12.23.2009 10:15:00 31.4 252 8.183

12.23.2009 10:45:00 29.6 256 8.206

12.23.2009 11:15:00 27.6 258 8.136

12.23.2009 11:45:00 27.9 257 8.136

12.23.2009 12:15:00 27.6 259 8.159

12.23.2009 12:45:00 28.7 259 8.253

12.23.2009 13:15:00 27.9 258 8.229

12.23.2009 13:45:00 29.9 257 8.183

12.23.2009 14:15:00 29.9 260 8.159

12.23.2009 14:45:00 29.6 258 8.183

12.23.2009 15:15:00 29.0 261 8.276

12.23.2009 15:45:00 28.5 260 8.253

12.23.2009 16:15:00 29.9 256 8.253

12.23.2009 16:45:00 28.5 259 8.253

12.23.2009 17:15:00 29.0 258 8.299

12.23.2009 17:45:00 27.9 261 8.346

12.23.2009 18:15:00 27.9 255 8.579

12.23.2009 18:45:00 27.3 257 8.416

12.23.2009 19:15:00 25.8 259 8.323

12.23.2009 19:45:00 25.2 258 8.323

12.23.2009 20:15:00 25.8 256 8.299

12.23.2009 20:45:00 24.3 258 8.323

12.23.2009 21:15:00 25.5 258 8.603

12.23.2009 21:45:00 24.9 256 8.299

12.23.2009 22:15:00 25.2 254 8.486

12.23.2009 22:45:00 26.1 252 8.533

12.23.2009 23:15:00 26.4 251 8.463

12.23.2009 23:45:00 27.9 254 8.369

164
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.24.2009 0:15:00 28.7 248 8.463

12.24.2009 0:45:00 31.4 247 8.556

12.24.2009 1:15:00 32.3 248 8.533

12.24.2009 1:45:00 37.0 251 8.556

12.24.2009 2:15:00 37.2 253 8.556

12.24.2009 2:45:00 35.2 251 8.579

12.24.2009 3:15:00 34.9 253 8.626

12.24.2009 3:45:00 36.1 251 8.603

12.24.2009 4:15:00 36.1 254 8.673

12.24.2009 4:45:00 36.4 254 8.696

12.24.2009 5:15:00 36.4 254 8.696

12.24.2009 5:45:00 36.7 257 8.719

12.24.2009 6:15:00 36.7 256 8.719

12.24.2009 6:45:00 35.5 258 8.743

12.24.2009 7:15:00 37.0 257 8.719

12.24.2009 7:45:00 37.5 257 8.719

12.24.2009 8:15:00 38.4 256 8.719

12.24.2009 8:45:00 35.5 256 8.719

12.24.2009 9:15:00 40.2 255 8.696

12.24.2009 9:45:00 38.4 258 8.626

12.24.2009 10:15:00 39.3 257 8.626

12.24.2009 10:45:00 41.1 260 8.579

12.24.2009 11:15:00 40.5 260 8.533

12.24.2009 11:45:00 40.5 258 8.509

12.24.2009 12:15:00 38.4 256 8.463

12.24.2009 12:45:00 38.4 260 8.439

12.24.2009 13:15:00 39.6 258 8.439

12.24.2009 13:45:00 35.2 262 8.393

12.24.2009 14:15:00 38.4 263 8.393

12.24.2009 14:45:00 38.7 262 8.346

12.24.2009 15:15:00 38.7 261 8.346

12.24.2009 15:45:00 38.4 260 8.276

12.24.2009 16:15:00 37.2 261 8.229

12.24.2009 16:45:00 35.5 263 8.206

12.24.2009 17:15:00 34.3 264 8.206

12.24.2009 17:45:00 32.6 259 8.229

12.24.2009 18:15:00 33.7 263 8.229

12.24.2009 18:45:00 29.3 263 8.206

12.24.2009 19:15:00 30.8 261 8.253

12.24.2009 19:45:00 30.5 263 8.276

12.24.2009 20:15:00 27.9 257 8.323

12.24.2009 20:45:00 29.9 259 8.299

12.24.2009 21:15:00 31.1 256 8.323

12.24.2009 21:45:00 31.1 260 8.299

12.24.2009 22:15:00 31.7 257 8.253

12.24.2009 22:45:00 31.4 256 8.346

12.24.2009 23:15:00 32.6 252 8.369

12.24.2009 23:45:00 34.6 248 8.439

165
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.25.2009 0:15:00 33.7 248 8.486

12.25.2009 0:45:00 33.1 250 8.486

12.25.2009 1:15:00 34.0 246 8.533

12.25.2009 1:45:00 35.2 251 8.603

12.25.2009 2:15:00 34.9 256 8.673

12.25.2009 2:45:00 32.0 256 8.649

12.25.2009 3:15:00 32.3 257 8.673

12.25.2009 3:45:00 31.4 261 8.743

12.25.2009 4:15:00 35.5 258 8.766

12.25.2009 4:45:00 38.7 259 8.673

12.25.2009 5:15:00 36.4 260 8.626

12.25.2009 5:45:00 35.5 259 8.626

12.25.2009 6:15:00 38.1 260 8.556

12.25.2009 6:45:00 38.4 258 8.626

12.25.2009 7:15:00 36.7 258 8.486

12.25.2009 7:45:00 38.7 256 8.439

12.25.2009 8:15:00 37.2 255 8.416

12.25.2009 8:45:00 39.3 251 8.393

12.25.2009 9:15:00 41.4 253 8.393

12.25.2009 9:45:00 38.4 256 8.439

12.25.2009 10:15:00 38.1 257 8.486

12.25.2009 10:45:00 37.8 256 8.486

12.25.2009 11:15:00 40.2 258 8.533

12.25.2009 11:45:00 39.9 255 8.533

12.25.2009 12:15:00 39.9 255 8.533

12.25.2009 12:45:00 40.2 249 8.579

12.25.2009 13:15:00 41.4 251 8.626

12.25.2009 13:45:00 38.7 251 8.649

12.25.2009 14:15:00 41.1 249 8.696

12.25.2009 14:45:00 41.9 251 8.696

12.25.2009 15:15:00 40.8 254 8.719

12.25.2009 15:45:00 44.9 254 8.766

12.25.2009 16:15:00 40.8 253 8.719

12.25.2009 16:45:00 40.2 256 8.719

12.25.2009 17:15:00 37.0 257 8.696

12.25.2009 17:45:00 37.5 261 8.719

12.25.2009 18:15:00 35.8 258 8.673

12.25.2009 18:45:00 33.7 258 8.696

12.25.2009 19:15:00 32.8 262 8.789

12.25.2009 19:45:00 33.7 258 8.696

12.25.2009 20:15:00 28.5 257 8.719

12.25.2009 20:45:00 28.7 255 8.719

12.25.2009 21:15:00 28.2 257 8.696

12.25.2009 21:45:00 29.3 255 8.743

12.25.2009 22:15:00 30.5 252 8.789

12.25.2009 22:45:00 30.2 255 8.859

12.25.2009 23:15:00 31.4 255 8.789

12.25.2009 23:45:00 29.0 258 8.859

166
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.26.2009 0:15:00 25.5 257 8.906

12.26.2009 0:45:00 26.7 260 8.906

12.26.2009 1:15:00 26.7 261 8.976

12.26.2009 1:45:00 27.9 263 9.000

12.26.2009 2:15:00 27.3 264 8.976

12.26.2009 2:45:00 28.7 263 9.046

12.26.2009 3:15:00 24.9 265 9.023

12.26.2009 3:45:00 25.2 267 9.023

12.26.2009 4:15:00 24.9 266 9.070

12.26.2009 4:45:00 27.9 264 9.187

12.26.2009 5:15:00 28.5 266 9.140

12.26.2009 5:45:00 27.6 267 9.140

12.26.2009 6:15:00 27.3 266 9.046

12.26.2009 6:45:00 24.9 272 9.046

12.26.2009 7:15:00 23.8 272 9.116

12.26.2009 7:45:00 19.9 272 9.023

12.26.2009 8:15:00 15.5 280 9.000

12.26.2009 8:45:00 13.2 279 8.930

12.26.2009 9:15:00 11.7 273 8.930

12.26.2009 9:45:00 9.7 261 8.930

12.26.2009 10:15:00 9.4 252 8.906

12.26.2009 10:45:00 9.4 261 8.906

12.26.2009 11:15:00 11.4 262 8.930

12.26.2009 11:45:00 13.2 266 9.116

12.26.2009 12:15:00 11.7 270 8.906

12.26.2009 12:45:00 2.6 252 8.906

12.26.2009 13:15:00 6.2 264 8.930

12.26.2009 13:45:00 13.8 264 9.444

12.26.2009 14:15:00 12.9 253 8.930

12.26.2009 14:45:00 11.4 255 9.655

12.26.2009 15:15:00 11.1 261 9.678

12.26.2009 15:45:00 14.1 265 9.561

12.26.2009 16:15:00 15.3 261 9.444

12.26.2009 16:45:00 15.8 263 9.561

12.26.2009 17:15:00 16.4 277 9.538

12.26.2009 17:45:00 12.3 285 9.350

12.26.2009 18:15:00 13.5 276 9.374

12.26.2009 18:45:00 14.1 281 9.795

12.26.2009 19:15:00 12.3 282 9.772

12.26.2009 19:45:00 12.9 290 9.772

12.26.2009 20:15:00 12.9 289 9.702

12.26.2009 20:45:00 15.3 292 9.561

12.26.2009 21:15:00 12.3 294 9.421

12.26.2009 21:45:00 5.6 270 9.397

12.26.2009 22:15:00 4.7 227 9.350

12.26.2009 22:45:00 6.7 258 9.491

12.26.2009 23:15:00 7.3 263 9.514

12.26.2009 23:45:00 8.5 275 9.514

167
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.27.2009 0:15:00 9.4 279 9.561

12.27.2009 0:45:00 9.1 286 9.421

12.27.2009 1:15:00 8.2 277 9.350

12.27.2009 1:45:00 5.6 289 9.350

12.27.2009 2:15:00 6.2 303 9.327

12.27.2009 2:45:00 6.5 299 9.304

12.27.2009 3:15:00 4.1 284 9.304

12.27.2009 3:45:00 4.4 309 9.304

12.27.2009 4:15:00 2.3 274 9.257

12.27.2009 4:45:00 2.1 238 9.280

12.27.2009 5:15:00 2.9 333 9.304

12.27.2009 5:45:00 6.2 295 9.655

12.27.2009 6:15:00 7.0 330 9.514

12.27.2009 6:45:00 7.3 012 9.140

12.27.2009 7:15:00 7.0 032 9.140

12.27.2009 7:45:00 3.2 035 9.093

12.27.2009 8:15:00 3.8 089 9.000

12.27.2009 8:45:00 3.5 109 9.070

12.27.2009 9:15:00 2.1 134 9.070

12.27.2009 9:45:00 3.8 125 9.000

12.27.2009 10:15:00 5.0 130 9.000

12.27.2009 10:45:00 4.7 109 8.953

12.27.2009 11:15:00 5.3 114 8.930

12.27.2009 11:45:00 6.5 150 8.906

12.27.2009 12:15:00 6.2 172 8.953

12.27.2009 12:45:00 7.9 164 8.976

12.27.2009 13:15:00 8.2 180 9.116

12.27.2009 13:45:00 9.7 194 9.187

12.27.2009 14:15:00 10.6 204 9.187

12.27.2009 14:45:00 9.7 207 9.233

12.27.2009 15:15:00 11.1 225 9.280

12.27.2009 15:45:00 9.7 231 9.631

12.27.2009 16:15:00 8.5 252 9.678

12.27.2009 16:45:00 9.1 257 9.608

12.27.2009 17:15:00 10.3 263 9.561

12.27.2009 17:45:00 10.9 267 9.538

12.27.2009 18:15:00 12.9 282 9.467

12.27.2009 18:45:00 13.5 288 9.467

12.27.2009 19:15:00 14.4 283 9.467

12.27.2009 19:45:00 12.6 279 9.538

12.27.2009 20:15:00 14.1 293 9.514

12.27.2009 20:45:00 13.2 301 9.467

12.27.2009 21:15:00 13.5 305 9.350

12.27.2009 21:45:00 14.7 310 9.280

12.27.2009 22:15:00 13.8 315 9.233

12.27.2009 22:45:00 12.3 323 9.187

12.27.2009 23:15:00 12.0 319 9.163

12.27.2009 23:45:00 10.3 332 9.350

168
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.28.2009 0:15:00 10.0 336 9.187

12.28.2009 0:45:00 6.2 329 9.116

12.28.2009 1:15:00 1.2 350 9.116

12.28.2009 1:45:00 2.1 283 9.187

12.28.2009 2:15:00 4.1 207 9.187

12.28.2009 2:45:00 7.6 209 9.187

12.28.2009 3:15:00 7.6 209 9.116

12.28.2009 3:45:00 11.1 220 9.093

12.28.2009 4:15:00 8.5 211 9.070

12.28.2009 4:45:00 9.7 214 9.116

12.28.2009 5:15:00 8.8 213 9.233

12.28.2009 5:45:00 7.9 208 9.280

12.28.2009 6:15:00 7.3 220 9.327

12.28.2009 6:45:00 5.3 213 9.280

12.28.2009 7:15:00 6.5 227 9.304

12.28.2009 7:45:00 5.0 240 9.304

12.28.2009 8:15:00 7.6 229 9.327

12.28.2009 8:45:00 7.0 219 9.304

12.28.2009 9:15:00 5.6 248 9.257

12.28.2009 9:45:00 1.2 312 9.257

12.28.2009 10:15:00 2.1 284 9.257

12.28.2009 10:45:00 0.9 288 9.233

12.28.2009 11:15:00 0.6 336 9.233

12.28.2009 11:45:00 0.3 149 9.233

12.28.2009 12:15:00 2.6 171 9.187

12.28.2009 12:45:00 1.2 047 9.140

12.28.2009 13:15:00 2.1 068 8.976

12.28.2009 13:45:00 2.1 166 9.046

12.28.2009 14:15:00 2.3 193 9.093

12.28.2009 14:45:00 0.3 162 9.023

12.28.2009 15:15:00 3.2 171 9.046

12.28.2009 15:45:00 2.6 182 9.070

12.28.2009 16:15:00 7.3 198 9.000

12.28.2009 16:45:00 7.0 190 9.093

12.28.2009 17:15:00 8.5 196 9.116

12.28.2009 17:45:00 7.0 220 9.350

12.28.2009 18:15:00 6.2 244 9.631

12.28.2009 18:45:00 3.2 326 9.491

12.28.2009 19:15:00 3.5 354 9.187

12.28.2009 19:45:00 2.9 010 9.257

12.28.2009 20:15:00 1.2 349 9.187

12.28.2009 20:45:00 2.6 013 9.187

12.28.2009 21:15:00 5.0 331 9.140

12.28.2009 21:45:00 3.2 009 9.140

12.28.2009 22:15:00 5.6 359 9.116

12.28.2009 22:45:00 6.5 004 9.116

12.28.2009 23:15:00 5.3 006 9.116

12.28.2009 23:45:00 5.6 030 9.116

169
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.29.2009 0:15:00 4.7 021 9.046

12.29.2009 0:45:00 3.8 054 9.093

12.29.2009 1:15:00 5.0 036 9.116

12.29.2009 1:45:00 3.2 048 9.023

12.29.2009 2:15:00 3.5 063 9.093

12.29.2009 2:45:00 3.2 082 9.046

12.29.2009 3:15:00 5.0 078 9.070

12.29.2009 3:45:00 4.7 077 8.836

12.29.2009 4:15:00 4.7 092 8.719

12.29.2009 4:45:00 6.5 099 8.673

12.29.2009 5:15:00 5.9 094 8.673

12.29.2009 5:45:00 6.5 097 8.719

12.29.2009 6:15:00 5.9 094 8.719

12.29.2009 6:45:00 8.8 088 8.696

12.29.2009 7:15:00 6.5 091 8.673

12.29.2009 7:45:00 9.1 082 8.673

12.29.2009 8:15:00 9.7 079 8.673

12.29.2009 8:45:00 8.5 094 8.626

12.29.2009 9:15:00 6.5 088 8.509

12.29.2009 9:45:00 5.3 095 8.603

12.29.2009 10:15:00 6.5 090 8.649

12.29.2009 10:45:00 7.3 085 8.673

12.29.2009 11:15:00 7.0 077 8.649

12.29.2009 11:45:00 6.5 082 8.486

12.29.2009 12:15:00 6.7 084 8.579

12.29.2009 12:45:00 6.5 087 8.719

12.29.2009 13:15:00 7.6 079 8.696

12.29.2009 13:45:00 7.0 083 8.696

12.29.2009 14:15:00 6.5 071 8.696

12.29.2009 14:45:00 7.0 082 8.603

12.29.2009 15:15:00 7.3 082 8.579

12.29.2009 15:45:00 7.9 090 8.603

12.29.2009 16:15:00 7.6 091 8.439

12.29.2009 16:45:00 8.8 087 8.463

12.29.2009 17:15:00 7.3 100 8.439

12.29.2009 17:45:00 5.6 113 8.369

12.29.2009 18:15:00 5.0 135 8.229

12.29.2009 18:45:00 6.5 138 8.159

12.29.2009 19:15:00 6.2 137 8.206

12.29.2009 19:45:00 5.0 133 8.276

12.29.2009 20:15:00 4.4 116 8.439

12.29.2009 20:45:00 6.5 097 8.439

12.29.2009 21:15:00 6.2 093 8.276

12.29.2009 21:45:00 7.0 104 8.183

12.29.2009 22:15:00 4.4 093 8.066

12.29.2009 22:45:00 6.2 098 8.113

12.29.2009 23:15:00 2.9 122 8.113

12.29.2009 23:45:00 2.9 096 8.229

170
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.30.2009 0:15:00 4.4 095 8.276

12.30.2009 0:45:00 5.3 092 8.253

12.30.2009 1:15:00 4.1 085 8.253

12.30.2009 1:45:00 3.5 086 8.486

12.30.2009 2:15:00 5.3 083 8.626

12.30.2009 2:45:00 6.5 086 8.509

12.30.2009 3:15:00 6.2 061 8.533

12.30.2009 3:45:00 6.5 051 8.323

12.30.2009 4:15:00 8.2 052 8.369

12.30.2009 4:45:00 9.1 047 8.276

12.30.2009 5:15:00 7.9 059 8.393

12.30.2009 5:45:00 10.0 049 8.369

12.30.2009 6:15:00 7.9 052 8.323

12.30.2009 6:45:00 10.0 062 8.323

12.30.2009 7:15:00 9.7 046 8.229

12.30.2009 7:45:00 6.2 061 8.299

12.30.2009 8:15:00 5.3 073 8.253

12.30.2009 8:45:00 6.7 055 8.206

12.30.2009 9:15:00 7.3 078 8.206

12.30.2009 9:45:00 6.5 089 8.206

12.30.2009 10:15:00 6.2 086 8.183

12.30.2009 10:45:00 7.0 111 8.183

12.30.2009 11:15:00 7.3 126 8.159

12.30.2009 11:45:00 6.7 127 8.113

12.30.2009 12:15:00 6.2 129 8.113

12.30.2009 12:45:00 5.6 137 8.066

12.30.2009 13:15:00 6.7 143 8.159

12.30.2009 13:45:00 7.0 137 8.253

12.30.2009 14:15:00 7.3 145 8.276

12.30.2009 14:45:00 5.0 150 8.183

12.30.2009 15:15:00 5.3 139 8.253

12.30.2009 15:45:00 2.9 146 8.206

12.30.2009 16:15:00 2.9 172 8.206

12.30.2009 16:45:00 4.1 200 8.206

12.30.2009 17:15:00 3.8 202 8.183

12.30.2009 17:45:00 4.4 216 8.206

12.30.2009 18:15:00 4.1 223 8.206

12.30.2009 18:45:00 5.3 231 8.253

12.30.2009 19:15:00 5.3 215 8.276

12.30.2009 19:45:00 7.0 217 8.183

12.30.2009 20:15:00 7.3 230 8.346

12.30.2009 20:45:00 4.1 243 8.439

12.30.2009 21:15:00 2.1 284 8.486

12.30.2009 21:45:00 4.1 311 8.486

12.30.2009 22:15:00 3.5 325 8.509

12.30.2009 22:45:00 5.9 338 8.463

12.30.2009 23:15:00 4.4 327 8.486

12.30.2009 23:45:00 5.6 323 8.439

171
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12.31.2009 0:15:00 5.6 328 8.369

12.31.2009 0:45:00 5.9 321 8.416

12.31.2009 1:15:00 4.7 321 8.486

12.31.2009 1:45:00 4.7 344 8.509

12.31.2009 2:15:00 3.8 353 8.486

12.31.2009 2:45:00 3.8 007 8.416

12.31.2009 3:15:00 4.4 354 8.393

12.31.2009 3:45:00 5.0 005 8.323

12.31.2009 4:15:00 5.6 004 8.323

12.31.2009 4:45:00 5.6 009 8.299

12.31.2009 5:15:00 2.9 024 8.253

12.31.2009 5:45:00 1.8 020 8.253

12.31.2009 6:15:00 1.5 033 8.299

12.31.2009 6:45:00 1.8 028 8.299

12.31.2009 7:15:00 2.6 353 8.323

12.31.2009 7:45:00 2.3 355 8.323

12.31.2009 8:15:00 2.9 015 8.299

12.31.2009 8:45:00 2.3 089 8.253

12.31.2009 9:15:00 0.9 010 8.253

12.31.2009 9:45:00 2.6 102 8.253

12.31.2009 10:15:00 1.2 145 8.229

12.31.2009 10:45:00 0.6 172 8.229

12.31.2009 11:15:00 2.3 190 8.276

12.31.2009 11:45:00 2.1 197 8.393

12.31.2009 12:15:00 4.7 175 8.369

12.31.2009 12:45:00 4.7 198 8.369

12.31.2009 13:15:00 6.2 212 8.463

12.31.2009 13:45:00 7.0 225 8.463

12.31.2009 14:15:00 3.5 245 8.393

12.31.2009 14:45:00 2.1 357 8.369

12.31.2009 15:15:00 3.5 354 8.323

12.31.2009 15:45:00 5.0 274 8.323

12.31.2009 16:15:00 8.8 267 8.626

12.31.2009 16:45:00 6.5 261 8.579

12.31.2009 17:15:00 5.0 245 8.696

12.31.2009 17:45:00 4.4 222 8.603

12.31.2009 18:15:00 3.2 244 8.603

12.31.2009 18:45:00 2.9 285 8.626

12.31.2009 19:15:00 3.5 277 8.603

12.31.2009 19:45:00 5.3 269 8.626

12.31.2009 20:15:00 5.6 264 8.673

12.31.2009 20:45:00 5.6 239 8.719

12.31.2009 21:15:00 6.7 251 8.719

12.31.2009 21:45:00 6.7 254 8.743

12.31.2009 22:15:00 6.7 257 8.766

12.31.2009 22:45:00 8.2 261 8.766

12.31.2009 23:15:00 8.5 269 8.743

12.31.2009 23:45:00 8.2 277 8.789

172
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/1/2010 0:15:00 8.5 291 8.719

1/1/2010 0:45:00 6.7 313 8.719

1/1/2010 1:15:00 7.9 309 8.603

1/1/2010 1:45:00 8.5 307 8.486

1/1/2010 2:15:00 6.2 299 8.789

1/1/2010 2:45:00 5.0 309 8.906

1/1/2010 3:15:00 3.2 328 8.836

1/1/2010 3:45:00 2.6 354 8.836

1/1/2010 4:15:00 3.8 357 8.719

1/1/2010 4:45:00 3.2 352 8.719

1/1/2010 5:15:00 2.9 020 8.673

1/1/2010 5:45:00 4.1 036 8.626

1/1/2010 6:15:00 5.3 036 8.556

1/1/2010 6:45:00 6.2 045 8.533

1/1/2010 7:15:00 3.8 081 8.509

1/1/2010 7:45:00 6.5 109 8.486

1/1/2010 8:15:00 4.1 084 8.439

1/1/2010 8:45:00 2.6 064 8.439

1/1/2010 9:15:00 2.9 096 8.416

1/1/2010 9:45:00 3.5 149 8.439

1/1/2010 10:15:00 5.0 159 8.439

1/1/2010 10:45:00 3.2 170 8.509

1/1/2010 11:15:00 0.6 357 8.556

1/1/2010 11:45:00 1.2 124 8.626

1/1/2010 12:15:00 2.9 049 8.533

1/1/2010 12:45:00 2.6 042 8.509

1/1/2010 13:15:00 1.2 086 8.509

1/1/2010 13:45:00 2.6 099 8.509

1/1/2010 14:15:00 1.5 172 8.509

1/1/2010 14:45:00 2.3 209 8.626

1/1/2010 15:15:00 1.2 213 8.766

1/1/2010 15:45:00 0.9 252 8.743

1/1/2010 16:15:00 0.6 059 8.743

1/1/2010 16:45:00 1.2 084 8.719

1/1/2010 17:15:00 2.1 072 8.719

1/1/2010 17:45:00 1.5 135 8.743

1/1/2010 18:15:00 2.3 131 8.743

1/1/2010 18:45:00 3.5 115 8.719

1/1/2010 19:15:00 3.8 127 8.719

1/1/2010 19:45:00 1.8 132 8.766

1/1/2010 20:15:00 3.2 155 8.696

1/1/2010 20:45:00 3.5 157 8.719

1/1/2010 21:15:00 4.4 165 8.766

1/1/2010 21:45:00 5.0 175 8.813

1/1/2010 22:15:00 7.0 175 8.930

1/1/2010 22:45:00 5.3 153 8.906

1/1/2010 23:15:00 5.3 141 8.906

1/1/2010 23:45:00 3.2 134 8.930

173
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/1/2010 0:15:00 4.1 119 8.906

2/1/2010 0:45:00 4.4 114 8.789

2/1/2010 1:15:00 3.5 104 8.836

2/1/2010 1:45:00 3.5 105 8.766

2/1/2010 2:15:00 4.4 067 8.673

2/1/2010 2:45:00 5.6 063 8.579

2/1/2010 3:15:00 4.7 081 8.626

2/1/2010 3:45:00 3.8 114 8.766

2/1/2010 4:15:00 3.8 091 8.743

2/1/2010 4:45:00 4.4 085 8.719

2/1/2010 5:15:00 5.0 045 8.696

2/1/2010 5:45:00 5.6 051 8.673

2/1/2010 6:15:00 4.1 052 8.533

2/1/2010 6:45:00 6.2 048 8.579

2/1/2010 7:15:00 7.3 051 8.603

2/1/2010 7:45:00 7.3 052 8.673

2/1/2010 8:15:00 9.1 065 8.533

2/1/2010 8:45:00 7.9 063 8.556

2/1/2010 9:15:00 6.2 059 8.486

2/1/2010 9:45:00 6.2 044 8.463

2/1/2010 10:15:00 9.4 053 8.533

2/1/2010 10:45:00 7.6 051 8.439

2/1/2010 11:15:00 7.6 050 8.393

2/1/2010 11:45:00 8.2 053 8.393

2/1/2010 12:15:00 8.2 058 8.463

2/1/2010 12:45:00 8.2 077 8.439

2/1/2010 13:15:00 8.2 073 8.439

2/1/2010 13:45:00 8.8 068 8.486

2/1/2010 14:15:00 7.9 080 8.463

2/1/2010 14:45:00 8.5 075 8.346

2/1/2010 15:15:00 9.1 077 8.253

2/1/2010 15:45:00 5.0 064 8.113

2/1/2010 16:15:00 5.3 072 8.019

2/1/2010 16:45:00 6.7 072 7.996

2/1/2010 17:15:00 6.5 078 7.973

2/1/2010 17:45:00 7.9 089 8.136

2/1/2010 18:15:00 8.8 102 8.113

2/1/2010 18:45:00 7.0 114 8.206

2/1/2010 19:15:00 7.6 110 8.206

2/1/2010 19:45:00 7.3 118 8.253

2/1/2010 20:15:00 7.9 122 8.253

2/1/2010 20:45:00 8.5 114 8.276

2/1/2010 21:15:00 9.4 110 8.299

2/1/2010 21:45:00 10.3 104 8.323

2/1/2010 22:15:00 10.9 109 8.346

2/1/2010 22:45:00 8.5 105 8.369

2/1/2010 23:15:00 7.9 101 8.346

2/1/2010 23:45:00 9.1 098 8.346

174
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/1/2010 0:15:00 8.8 089 8.346

3/1/2010 0:45:00 10.6 086 8.346

3/1/2010 1:15:00 10.3 081 8.323

3/1/2010 1:45:00 10.0 090 8.346

3/1/2010 2:15:00 8.8 097 8.346

3/1/2010 2:45:00 8.8 088 8.323

3/1/2010 3:15:00 8.5 085 8.323

3/1/2010 3:45:00 8.8 079 8.346

3/1/2010 4:15:00 8.8 092 8.299

3/1/2010 4:45:00 9.4 078 8.299

3/1/2010 5:15:00 8.2 075 8.276

3/1/2010 5:45:00 10.0 087 8.113

3/1/2010 6:15:00 10.6 072 8.206

3/1/2010 6:45:00 9.7 073 8.066

3/1/2010 7:15:00 9.4 075 8.136

3/1/2010 7:45:00 10.9 069 8.043

3/1/2010 8:15:00 11.4 067 8.159

3/1/2010 8:45:00 8.5 072 8.183

3/1/2010 9:15:00 8.2 075 8.229

3/1/2010 9:45:00 11.7 066 8.136

3/1/2010 10:15:00 11.7 062 8.113

3/1/2010 10:45:00 11.4 063 8.043

3/1/2010 11:15:00 8.5 061 8.136

3/1/2010 11:45:00 10.9 063 8.089

3/1/2010 12:15:00 9.4 061 7.973

3/1/2010 12:45:00 10.6 059 7.973

3/1/2010 13:15:00 10.0 071 7.926

3/1/2010 13:45:00 8.5 070 7.973

3/1/2010 14:15:00 11.1 067 8.043

3/1/2010 14:45:00 10.3 074 7.903

3/1/2010 15:15:00 10.6 071 7.973

3/1/2010 15:45:00 10.6 084 7.973

3/1/2010 16:15:00 10.6 084 7.856

3/1/2010 16:45:00 9.7 078 7.926

3/1/2010 17:15:00 11.1 080 8.019

3/1/2010 17:45:00 10.9 076 7.973

3/1/2010 18:15:00 10.3 088 7.996

3/1/2010 18:45:00 10.6 087 8.019

3/1/2010 19:15:00 12.3 098 8.136

3/1/2010 19:45:00 11.4 102 8.136

3/1/2010 20:15:00 10.0 110 8.136

3/1/2010 20:45:00 9.7 106 8.183

3/1/2010 21:15:00 9.7 097 8.206

3/1/2010 21:45:00 11.1 096 8.229

3/1/2010 22:15:00 10.3 097 8.229

3/1/2010 22:45:00 9.4 103 8.253

3/1/2010 23:15:00 10.0 110 8.369

3/1/2010 23:45:00 13.2 119 8.393

175
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/1/2010 0:15:00 13.5 114 8.533

4/1/2010 0:45:00 10.9 115 8.369

4/1/2010 1:15:00 8.8 117 8.299

4/1/2010 1:45:00 5.0 088 8.253

4/1/2010 2:15:00 3.5 085 8.299

4/1/2010 2:45:00 3.5 123 8.299

4/1/2010 3:15:00 3.5 113 8.299

4/1/2010 3:45:00 1.2 089 8.369

4/1/2010 4:15:00 4.1 127 8.533

4/1/2010 4:45:00 3.8 115 8.463

4/1/2010 5:15:00 1.8 063 8.393

4/1/2010 5:45:00 1.2 067 8.509

4/1/2010 6:15:00 2.3 078 8.556

4/1/2010 6:45:00 0.9 072 8.579

4/1/2010 7:15:00 2.6 103 8.649

4/1/2010 7:45:00 4.7 090 8.579

4/1/2010 8:15:00 2.6 030 8.509

4/1/2010 8:45:00 1.2 341 8.579

4/1/2010 9:15:00 1.2 345 8.579

4/1/2010 9:45:00 5.3 011 8.509

4/1/2010 10:15:00 5.0 002 8.533

4/1/2010 10:45:00 3.5 007 8.556

4/1/2010 11:15:00 5.9 010 8.369

4/1/2010 11:45:00 6.5 014 8.323

4/1/2010 12:15:00 4.7 014 8.206

4/1/2010 12:45:00 3.8 015 8.509

4/1/2010 13:15:00 2.9 023 8.509

4/1/2010 13:45:00 4.1 015 8.533

4/1/2010 14:15:00 3.2 037 8.579

4/1/2010 14:45:00 4.4 018 8.533

4/1/2010 15:15:00 3.8 035 8.393

4/1/2010 15:45:00 4.1 027 8.486

4/1/2010 16:15:00 3.8 040 8.369

4/1/2010 16:45:00 2.6 021 8.579

4/1/2010 17:15:00 3.2 346 8.626

4/1/2010 17:45:00 3.5 328 8.673

4/1/2010 18:15:00 4.1 340 8.719

4/1/2010 18:45:00 5.6 328 8.789

4/1/2010 19:15:00 4.1 354 8.719

4/1/2010 19:45:00 4.4 359 8.673

4/1/2010 20:15:00 4.4 001 8.719

4/1/2010 20:45:00 2.3 328 8.673

4/1/2010 21:15:00 2.1 312 8.486

4/1/2010 21:45:00 1.5 272 8.486

4/1/2010 22:15:00 3.5 284 8.719

4/1/2010 22:45:00 4.4 275 8.626

4/1/2010 23:15:00 2.3 252 8.719

4/1/2010 23:45:00 2.1 199 8.743

176
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/1/2010 0:15:00 1.2 257 8.743

5/1/2010 0:45:00 1.8 267 8.743

5/1/2010 1:15:00 0.3 300 8.743

5/1/2010 1:45:00 2.3 312 8.719

5/1/2010 2:15:00 1.5 294 8.696

5/1/2010 2:45:00 2.6 249 8.649

5/1/2010 3:15:00 2.1 242 8.579

5/1/2010 3:45:00 2.1 310 8.556

5/1/2010 4:15:00 4.1 270 8.416

5/1/2010 4:45:00 8.2 278 8.416

5/1/2010 5:15:00 10.3 272 8.486

5/1/2010 5:45:00 7.6 252 8.696

5/1/2010 6:15:00 8.5 239 8.743

5/1/2010 6:45:00 9.4 246 8.743

5/1/2010 7:15:00 9.1 261 8.696

5/1/2010 7:45:00 8.5 273 8.696

5/1/2010 8:15:00 9.7 275 8.719

5/1/2010 8:45:00 8.8 282 8.673

5/1/2010 9:15:00 9.4 288 8.509

5/1/2010 9:45:00 10.9 300 8.323

5/1/2010 10:15:00 10.0 308 8.206

5/1/2010 10:45:00 6.7 308 8.159

5/1/2010 11:15:00 1.2 206 8.159

5/1/2010 11:45:00 0.9 181 8.159

5/1/2010 12:15:00 3.2 205 8.183

5/1/2010 12:45:00 3.8 210 8.206

5/1/2010 13:15:00 5.3 207 8.276

5/1/2010 13:45:00 6.5 202 8.229

5/1/2010 14:15:00 9.4 206 8.089

5/1/2010 14:45:00 10.3 207 8.136

5/1/2010 15:15:00 8.5 218 8.183

5/1/2010 15:45:00 8.2 217 8.463

5/1/2010 16:15:00 7.0 233 8.486

5/1/2010 16:45:00 5.6 251 8.509

5/1/2010 17:15:00 3.5 315 8.533

5/1/2010 17:45:00 3.2 333 8.579

5/1/2010 18:15:00 3.5 004 8.556

5/1/2010 18:45:00 3.2 010 8.533

5/1/2010 19:15:00 2.3 002 8.509

5/1/2010 19:45:00 1.2 345 8.533

5/1/2010 20:15:00 0.6 188 8.533

5/1/2010 20:45:00 1.5 195 8.533

5/1/2010 21:15:00 2.6 211 8.556

5/1/2010 21:45:00 4.1 221 8.696

5/1/2010 22:15:00 3.2 191 8.789

5/1/2010 22:45:00 2.9 168 8.813

5/1/2010 23:15:00 2.9 177 8.836

5/1/2010 23:45:00 4.4 184 8.859

177
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/1/2010 0:15:00 4.4 210 8.813

6/1/2010 0:45:00 5.3 200 8.766

6/1/2010 1:15:00 4.1 199 8.766

6/1/2010 1:45:00 5.3 206 8.766

6/1/2010 2:15:00 4.4 203 8.743

6/1/2010 2:45:00 1.8 356 8.556

6/1/2010 3:15:00 0.9 342 8.649

6/1/2010 3:45:00 2.9 302 8.719

6/1/2010 4:15:00 2.9 274 8.719

6/1/2010 4:45:00 5.0 284 8.696

6/1/2010 5:15:00 2.6 301 8.579

6/1/2010 5:45:00 2.9 322 8.533

6/1/2010 6:15:00 5.3 327 8.486

6/1/2010 6:45:00 5.6 325 8.439

6/1/2010 7:15:00 3.8 321 8.486

6/1/2010 7:45:00 4.1 287 8.416

6/1/2010 8:15:00 3.8 248 8.509

6/1/2010 8:45:00 2.6 217 8.556

6/1/2010 9:15:00 2.1 247 8.533

6/1/2010 9:45:00 1.5 201 8.486

6/1/2010 10:15:00 2.3 233 8.486

6/1/2010 10:45:00 1.8 218 8.509

6/1/2010 11:15:00 2.3 206 8.486

6/1/2010 11:45:00 1.5 258 8.603

6/1/2010 12:15:00 1.5 334 8.673

6/1/2010 12:45:00 3.8 339 8.649

6/1/2010 13:15:00 2.9 328 8.626

6/1/2010 13:45:00 2.1 038 8.579

6/1/2010 14:15:00 2.3 351 8.626

6/1/2010 14:45:00 1.8 352 8.649

6/1/2010 15:15:00 2.1 068 8.626

6/1/2010 15:45:00 3.2 028 8.603

6/1/2010 16:15:00 4.4 032 8.579

6/1/2010 16:45:00 3.5 023 8.533

6/1/2010 17:15:00 2.9 026 8.509

6/1/2010 17:45:00 3.2 044 8.486

6/1/2010 18:15:00 3.2 034 8.393

6/1/2010 18:45:00 2.9 017 8.486

6/1/2010 19:15:00 4.1 058 8.556

6/1/2010 19:45:00 4.4 058 8.486

6/1/2010 20:15:00 6.2 044 8.533

6/1/2010 20:45:00 5.0 063 8.486

6/1/2010 21:15:00 5.3 085 8.509

6/1/2010 21:45:00 5.3 099 8.486

6/1/2010 22:15:00 6.2 094 8.486

6/1/2010 22:45:00 5.9 086 8.533

6/1/2010 23:15:00 3.8 091 8.509

6/1/2010 23:45:00 4.1 084 8.439

178
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/1/2010 0:15:00 4.7 070 8.416

7/1/2010 0:45:00 5.3 081 8.393

7/1/2010 1:15:00 3.5 086 8.393

7/1/2010 1:45:00 4.1 074 8.346

7/1/2010 2:15:00 3.5 078 8.346

7/1/2010 2:45:00 4.4 079 8.323

7/1/2010 3:15:00 3.5 070 8.346

7/1/2010 3:45:00 3.8 121 8.369

7/1/2010 4:15:00 2.9 087 8.299

7/1/2010 4:45:00 5.9 054 8.229

7/1/2010 5:15:00 2.9 054 8.229

7/1/2010 5:45:00 2.9 027 8.206

7/1/2010 6:15:00 2.9 024 8.183

7/1/2010 6:45:00 3.8 046 8.183

7/1/2010 7:15:00 4.4 039 8.183

7/1/2010 7:45:00 4.7 034 8.113

7/1/2010 8:15:00 3.2 043 8.113

7/1/2010 8:45:00 4.4 057 8.136

7/1/2010 9:15:00 2.6 099 8.159

7/1/2010 9:45:00 4.7 095 8.183

7/1/2010 10:15:00 4.7 085 8.136

7/1/2010 10:45:00 5.0 092 8.089

7/1/2010 11:15:00 5.0 100 8.043

7/1/2010 11:45:00 5.0 114 8.066

7/1/2010 12:15:00 6.2 124 8.043

7/1/2010 12:45:00 5.6 126 7.996

7/1/2010 13:15:00 5.6 134 8.019

7/1/2010 13:45:00 3.8 145 8.043

7/1/2010 14:15:00 2.1 164 8.183

7/1/2010 14:45:00 2.3 156 8.253

7/1/2010 15:15:00 2.1 100 8.323

7/1/2010 15:45:00 4.1 073 8.299

7/1/2010 16:15:00 5.3 065 8.323

7/1/2010 16:45:00 4.7 073 8.369

7/1/2010 17:15:00 4.4 072 8.393

7/1/2010 17:45:00 4.4 079 8.393

7/1/2010 18:15:00 4.4 083 8.463

7/1/2010 18:45:00 4.1 112 8.556

7/1/2010 19:15:00 4.1 142 8.579

7/1/2010 19:45:00 4.1 153 8.556

7/1/2010 20:15:00 2.9 140 8.486

7/1/2010 20:45:00 2.1 149 8.463

7/1/2010 21:15:00 1.5 050 8.439

7/1/2010 21:45:00 0.6 044 8.416

7/1/2010 22:15:00 1.5 054 8.393

7/1/2010 22:45:00 1.5 162 8.393

7/1/2010 23:15:00 1.8 140 8.393

7/1/2010 23:45:00 2.1 169 8.416

179
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/1/2010 0:15:00 2.6 214 8.393

8/1/2010 0:45:00 4.4 201 8.416

8/1/2010 1:15:00 6.5 227 8.439

8/1/2010 1:45:00 7.3 238 8.556

8/1/2010 2:15:00 7.3 238 8.719

8/1/2010 2:45:00 4.4 232 8.766

8/1/2010 3:15:00 6.2 250 8.673

8/1/2010 3:45:00 7.9 256 8.579

8/1/2010 4:15:00 8.8 267 8.603

8/1/2010 4:45:00 9.4 265 8.603

8/1/2010 5:15:00 7.0 260 8.789

8/1/2010 5:45:00 8.2 268 8.696

8/1/2010 6:15:00 11.1 278 8.533

8/1/2010 6:45:00 9.7 281 8.649

8/1/2010 7:15:00 10.9 279 8.626

8/1/2010 7:45:00 10.9 279 8.673

8/1/2010 8:15:00 10.3 284 8.673

8/1/2010 8:45:00 10.9 280 8.649

8/1/2010 9:15:00 10.9 291 8.603

8/1/2010 9:45:00 12.3 288 8.579

8/1/2010 10:15:00 11.4 285 8.533

8/1/2010 10:45:00 10.9 293 8.556

8/1/2010 11:15:00 9.1 281 8.579

8/1/2010 11:45:00 9.7 284 8.696

8/1/2010 12:15:00 10.3 280 8.743

8/1/2010 12:45:00 7.9 281 8.766

8/1/2010 13:15:00 7.6 287 8.743

8/1/2010 13:45:00 9.7 299 8.673

8/1/2010 14:15:00 8.2 304 8.649

8/1/2010 14:45:00 7.6 286 8.719

8/1/2010 15:15:00 6.2 265 8.906

8/1/2010 15:45:00 6.2 276 8.789

8/1/2010 16:15:00 3.8 282 8.906

8/1/2010 16:45:00 3.8 283 8.930

8/1/2010 17:15:00 5.3 250 8.930

8/1/2010 17:45:00 6.7 255 8.930

8/1/2010 18:15:00 5.3 262 8.883

8/1/2010 18:45:00 3.8 287 8.766

8/1/2010 19:15:00 4.1 263 8.673

8/1/2010 19:45:00 5.6 254 8.883

8/1/2010 20:15:00 7.9 249 8.719

8/1/2010 20:45:00 10.0 259 8.766

8/1/2010 21:15:00 7.3 266 8.883

8/1/2010 21:45:00 7.6 264 8.906

8/1/2010 22:15:00 7.9 265 9.000

8/1/2010 22:45:00 7.6 270 9.046

8/1/2010 23:15:00 6.7 287 8.953

8/1/2010 23:45:00 6.7 299 8.976

180
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/1/2010 0:15:00 2.3 302 8.649

9/1/2010 0:45:00 0.9 020 8.626

9/1/2010 1:15:00 2.1 125 8.509

9/1/2010 1:45:00 3.5 059 8.603

9/1/2010 2:15:00 2.1 095 8.556

9/1/2010 2:45:00 1.5 159 8.789

9/1/2010 3:15:00 5.3 231 8.906

9/1/2010 3:45:00 5.3 205 8.930

9/1/2010 4:15:00 6.2 215 8.883

9/1/2010 4:45:00 3.5 217 8.883

9/1/2010 5:15:00 3.8 287 8.976

9/1/2010 5:45:00 5.6 314 8.953

9/1/2010 6:15:00 6.5 331 8.883

9/1/2010 6:45:00 6.2 288 8.836

9/1/2010 7:15:00 7.3 275 8.930

9/1/2010 7:45:00 5.9 293 8.953

9/1/2010 8:15:00 4.4 294 8.813

9/1/2010 8:45:00 6.5 280 8.976

9/1/2010 9:15:00 4.7 276 8.953

9/1/2010 9:45:00 2.3 293 9.093

9/1/2010 10:15:00 4.1 334 9.070

9/1/2010 10:45:00 4.7 325 8.930

9/1/2010 11:15:00 6.7 326 8.953

9/1/2010 11:45:00 7.0 328 8.883

9/1/2010 12:15:00 7.0 317 8.883

9/1/2010 12:45:00 6.5 328 8.883

9/1/2010 13:15:00 7.3 321 8.719

9/1/2010 13:45:00 4.1 304 8.789

9/1/2010 14:15:00 6.5 306 8.603

9/1/2010 14:45:00 2.9 321 8.439

9/1/2010 15:15:00 2.6 256 8.486

9/1/2010 15:45:00 2.3 125 8.439

9/1/2010 16:15:00 3.2 127 8.393

9/1/2010 16:45:00 1.8 107 8.346

9/1/2010 17:15:00 0.6 272 8.486

9/1/2010 17:45:00 2.9 186 8.509

9/1/2010 18:15:00 3.8 216 8.719

9/1/2010 18:45:00 2.6 225 8.673

9/1/2010 19:15:00 5.6 205 8.789

9/1/2010 19:45:00 4.4 194 8.859

9/1/2010 20:15:00 6.7 181 8.813

9/1/2010 20:45:00 6.2 197 8.789

9/1/2010 21:15:00 7.6 194 8.696

9/1/2010 21:45:00 10.3 208 8.719

9/1/2010 22:15:00 9.1 201 8.813

9/1/2010 22:45:00 7.9 203 8.859

9/1/2010 23:15:00 6.2 254 9.046

9/1/2010 23:45:00 6.2 302 9.046

181
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/1/2010 0:15:00 7.9 314 9.000

10/1/2010 0:45:00 8.2 333 8.953

10/1/2010 1:15:00 5.9 338 8.906

10/1/2010 1:45:00 4.7 330 8.859

10/1/2010 2:15:00 2.9 295 8.859

10/1/2010 2:45:00 5.0 308 9.070

10/1/2010 3:15:00 3.5 321 9.070

10/1/2010 3:45:00 2.1 052 8.859

10/1/2010 4:15:00 2.9 051 8.789

10/1/2010 4:45:00 1.8 041 8.743

10/1/2010 5:15:00 1.5 024 8.743

10/1/2010 5:45:00 2.9 327 8.789

10/1/2010 6:15:00 3.8 306 8.766

10/1/2010 6:45:00 4.7 326 8.953

10/1/2010 7:15:00 3.8 354 8.930

10/1/2010 7:45:00 6.5 353 8.930

10/1/2010 8:15:00 5.6 008 8.953

10/1/2010 8:45:00 4.1 024 8.930

10/1/2010 9:15:00 3.5 041 8.930

10/1/2010 9:45:00 3.8 040 8.930

10/1/2010 10:15:00 5.6 007 8.930

10/1/2010 10:45:00 5.6 347 8.883

10/1/2010 11:15:00 4.1 004 8.906

10/1/2010 11:45:00 5.0 018 8.883

10/1/2010 12:15:00 8.8 011 8.696

10/1/2010 12:45:00 7.6 354 8.649

10/1/2010 13:15:00 6.5 001 8.673

10/1/2010 13:45:00 6.5 001 8.579

10/1/2010 14:15:00 6.7 358 8.533

10/1/2010 14:45:00 6.5 007 8.603

10/1/2010 15:15:00 7.0 020 8.509

10/1/2010 15:45:00 7.0 015 8.463

10/1/2010 16:15:00 5.3 015 8.486

10/1/2010 16:45:00 4.7 049 8.393

10/1/2010 17:15:00 2.9 045 8.393

10/1/2010 17:45:00 3.8 063 8.369

10/1/2010 18:15:00 4.1 086 8.556

10/1/2010 18:45:00 2.9 074 8.486

10/1/2010 19:15:00 5.0 072 8.486

10/1/2010 19:45:00 6.5 079 8.463

10/1/2010 20:15:00 3.8 073 8.416

10/1/2010 20:45:00 4.4 061 8.346

10/1/2010 21:15:00 2.6 096 8.393

10/1/2010 21:45:00 5.9 102 8.486

10/1/2010 22:15:00 6.2 143 8.439

10/1/2010 22:45:00 4.7 143 8.486

10/1/2010 23:15:00 5.0 153 8.463

10/1/2010 23:45:00 2.6 135 8.439

182
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/1/2010 0:15:00 4.1 090 8.416

11/1/2010 0:45:00 2.6 062 8.393

11/1/2010 1:15:00 3.5 054 8.369

11/1/2010 1:45:00 4.4 075 8.323

11/1/2010 2:15:00 2.9 092 8.393

11/1/2010 2:45:00 6.2 101 8.393

11/1/2010 3:15:00 4.7 100 8.346

11/1/2010 3:45:00 4.7 118 8.346

11/1/2010 4:15:00 6.5 123 8.369

11/1/2010 4:45:00 5.3 121 8.206

11/1/2010 5:15:00 5.6 116 8.346

11/1/2010 5:45:00 5.9 127 8.393

11/1/2010 6:15:00 5.0 124 8.369

11/1/2010 6:45:00 5.0 097 8.533

11/1/2010 7:15:00 6.2 089 8.556

11/1/2010 7:45:00 6.2 078 8.439

11/1/2010 8:15:00 7.0 080 8.509

11/1/2010 8:45:00 5.3 086 8.439

11/1/2010 9:15:00 6.2 078 8.369

11/1/2010 9:45:00 7.6 070 8.299

11/1/2010 10:15:00 7.6 059 8.253

11/1/2010 10:45:00 8.2 068 8.229

11/1/2010 11:15:00 9.1 075 8.206

11/1/2010 11:45:00 11.1 078 8.393

11/1/2010 12:15:00 12.9 078 8.439

11/1/2010 12:45:00 13.5 079 8.369

11/1/2010 13:15:00 13.8 078 8.299

11/1/2010 13:45:00 10.6 079 8.206

11/1/2010 14:15:00 9.4 077 8.183

11/1/2010 14:45:00 8.2 079 8.113

11/1/2010 15:15:00 9.4 082 8.159

11/1/2010 15:45:00 9.7 090 8.159

11/1/2010 16:15:00 10.3 101 8.253

11/1/2010 16:45:00 10.9 110 8.206

11/1/2010 17:15:00 10.0 122 8.159

11/1/2010 17:45:00 10.0 130 8.113

11/1/2010 18:15:00 10.0 142 8.089

11/1/2010 18:45:00 9.4 140 8.229

11/1/2010 19:15:00 8.5 147 8.323

11/1/2010 19:45:00 8.2 155 8.183

11/1/2010 20:15:00 7.6 159 8.579

11/1/2010 20:45:00 5.6 148 8.626

11/1/2010 21:15:00 7.9 118 8.626

11/1/2010 21:45:00 6.5 105 8.579

11/1/2010 22:15:00 5.0 122 8.556

11/1/2010 22:45:00 5.3 150 8.626

11/1/2010 23:15:00 6.2 158 8.649

11/1/2010 23:45:00 5.6 156 8.649

183
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/1/2010 0:15:00 4.1 170 8.649

12/1/2010 0:45:00 4.7 179 8.836

12/1/2010 1:15:00 5.0 147 9.070

12/1/2010 1:45:00 4.4 140 9.070

12/1/2010 2:15:00 3.8 141 9.093

12/1/2010 2:45:00 2.9 112 9.070

12/1/2010 3:15:00 1.8 091 9.070

12/1/2010 3:45:00 1.2 113 9.000

12/1/2010 4:15:00 0.9 299 9.070

12/1/2010 4:45:00 1.2 325 9.023

12/1/2010 5:15:00 3.2 336 8.930

12/1/2010 5:45:00 0.9 314 9.023

12/1/2010 6:15:00 2.1 004 8.883

12/1/2010 6:45:00 5.3 352 8.836

12/1/2010 7:15:00 5.3 336 8.813

12/1/2010 7:45:00 5.0 297 9.070

12/1/2010 8:15:00 1.5 251 9.070

12/1/2010 8:45:00 0.9 261 8.976

12/1/2010 9:15:00 2.3 278 8.930

12/1/2010 9:45:00 3.2 001 8.976

12/1/2010 10:15:00 4.7 325 8.883

12/1/2010 10:45:00 4.7 332 8.813

12/1/2010 11:15:00 3.8 335 8.930

12/1/2010 11:45:00 5.0 322 8.743

12/1/2010 12:15:00 5.6 315 8.789

12/1/2010 12:45:00 4.4 295 8.743

12/1/2010 13:15:00 6.2 281 8.813

12/1/2010 13:45:00 4.4 276 8.930

12/1/2010 14:15:00 3.8 274 8.976

12/1/2010 14:45:00 2.1 295 8.976

12/1/2010 15:15:00 3.8 268 8.930

12/1/2010 15:45:00 3.5 308 8.930

12/1/2010 16:15:00 1.2 000 8.673

12/1/2010 16:45:00 2.3 285 8.533

12/1/2010 17:15:00 7.0 284 8.813

12/1/2010 17:45:00 4.1 248 8.906

12/1/2010 18:15:00 3.2 293 8.883

12/1/2010 18:45:00 2.9 242 8.930

12/1/2010 19:15:00 4.4 245 8.930

12/1/2010 19:45:00 5.9 249 8.766

12/1/2010 20:15:00 7.3 263 8.813

12/1/2010 20:45:00 10.0 265 8.626

12/1/2010 21:15:00 11.1 274 8.696

12/1/2010 21:45:00 11.4 261 8.533

12/1/2010 22:15:00 13.5 267 8.673

12/1/2010 22:45:00 16.7 266 8.533

12/1/2010 23:15:00 17.6 263 8.696

12/1/2010 23:45:00 17.0 264 8.743

184
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.13.2010 0:15:00 16.4 263 8.813

01.13.2010 0:45:00 17.0 265 8.859

01.13.2010 1:15:00 18.5 267 8.556

01.13.2010 1:45:00 18.2 268 8.673

01.13.2010 2:15:00 17.0 269 8.579

01.13.2010 2:45:00 19.7 267 8.509

01.13.2010 3:15:00 22.3 266 8.463

01.13.2010 3:45:00 22.9 263 8.439

01.13.2010 4:15:00 21.4 265 8.439

01.13.2010 4:45:00 22.0 265 8.439

01.13.2010 5:15:00 22.9 267 8.626

01.13.2010 5:45:00 22.6 263 8.603

01.13.2010 6:15:00 21.4 265 8.509

01.13.2010 6:45:00 22.6 264 8.556

01.13.2010 7:15:00 22.0 264 8.673

01.13.2010 7:45:00 19.4 266 8.509

01.13.2010 8:15:00 21.1 263 8.626

01.13.2010 8:45:00 21.7 261 8.719

01.13.2010 9:15:00 19.1 267 8.766

01.13.2010 9:45:00 16.7 270 8.743

01.13.2010 10:15:00 16.7 267 8.813

01.13.2010 10:45:00 14.4 265 8.859

01.13.2010 11:15:00 14.7 268 8.883

01.13.2010 11:45:00 16.1 265 9.070

01.13.2010 12:15:00 16.1 264 8.953

01.13.2010 12:45:00 17.0 260 8.906

01.13.2010 13:15:00 17.9 257 8.789

01.13.2010 13:45:00 19.9 255 8.906

01.13.2010 14:15:00 18.8 249 8.836

01.13.2010 14:45:00 17.9 246 8.673

01.13.2010 15:15:00 19.1 243 8.649

01.13.2010 15:45:00 22.0 245 8.696

01.13.2010 16:15:00 24.1 246 8.789

01.13.2010 16:45:00 22.9 248 8.789

01.13.2010 17:15:00 23.2 246 8.719

01.13.2010 17:45:00 22.9 249 8.813

01.13.2010 18:15:00 20.8 250 8.859

01.13.2010 18:45:00 21.7 253 8.836

01.13.2010 19:15:00 23.2 258 8.859

01.13.2010 19:45:00 19.9 258 8.906

01.13.2010 20:15:00 17.9 255 8.883

01.13.2010 20:45:00 18.5 258 8.883

01.13.2010 21:15:00 16.7 261 8.883

01.13.2010 21:45:00 15.5 264 9.046

01.13.2010 22:15:00 13.5 265 8.883

01.13.2010 22:45:00 9.1 261 8.906

01.13.2010 23:15:00 11.7 268 9.187

01.13.2010 23:45:00 11.4 266 9.397

185
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.14.2010 0:15:00 9.7 268 9.257

01.14.2010 0:45:00 8.8 262 8.883

01.14.2010 1:15:00 8.2 249 9.093

01.14.2010 1:45:00 7.6 249 9.000

01.14.2010 2:15:00 9.4 248 8.953

01.14.2010 2:45:00 8.5 251 9.023

01.14.2010 3:15:00 8.2 242 8.976

01.14.2010 3:45:00 7.3 240 9.163

01.14.2010 4:15:00 11.7 250 9.163

01.14.2010 4:45:00 13.2 262 9.046

01.14.2010 5:15:00 10.6 271 9.046

01.14.2010 5:45:00 6.5 287 8.930

01.14.2010 6:15:00 5.6 278 8.859

01.14.2010 6:45:00 6.5 272 8.883

01.14.2010 7:15:00 4.4 256 9.046

01.14.2010 7:45:00 9.7 257 9.140

01.14.2010 8:15:00 11.1 256 9.327

01.14.2010 8:45:00 12.0 259 9.444

01.14.2010 9:15:00 13.8 261 9.467

01.14.2010 9:45:00 12.6 263 9.444

01.14.2010 10:15:00 10.6 259 9.233

01.14.2010 10:45:00 9.7 266 9.280

01.14.2010 11:15:00 11.4 267 9.374

01.14.2010 11:45:00 10.0 272 9.257

01.14.2010 12:15:00 9.1 275 9.140

01.14.2010 12:45:00 8.8 269 9.257

01.14.2010 13:15:00 8.8 264 9.444

01.14.2010 13:45:00 10.0 263 9.070

01.14.2010 14:15:00 12.0 258 9.070

01.14.2010 14:45:00 10.9 251 9.187

01.14.2010 15:15:00 13.5 257 9.257

01.14.2010 15:45:00 12.9 268 9.070

01.14.2010 16:15:00 13.2 274 9.046

01.14.2010 16:45:00 9.4 261 8.976

01.14.2010 17:15:00 11.7 259 8.836

01.14.2010 17:45:00 15.0 263 8.836

01.14.2010 18:15:00 17.0 261 8.953

01.14.2010 18:45:00 15.3 260 9.140

01.14.2010 19:15:00 15.8 265 9.187

01.14.2010 19:45:00 13.2 269 8.883

01.14.2010 20:15:00 13.2 272 8.813

01.14.2010 20:45:00 15.3 270 8.883

01.14.2010 21:15:00 16.1 265 8.976

01.14.2010 21:45:00 13.8 262 8.930

01.14.2010 22:15:00 13.8 267 9.000

01.14.2010 22:45:00 13.2 267 8.859

01.14.2010 23:15:00 12.0 257 8.976

01.14.2010 23:45:00 12.0 257 9.163

186
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.15.2010 0:15:00 13.8 256 9.187

01.15.2010 0:45:00 14.1 258 9.233

01.15.2010 1:15:00 13.8 266 9.257

01.15.2010 1:45:00 13.5 265 9.233

01.15.2010 2:15:00 12.0 263 9.233

01.15.2010 2:45:00 12.0 262 9.187

01.15.2010 3:15:00 11.7 265 9.116

01.15.2010 3:45:00 13.8 262 9.093

01.15.2010 4:15:00 15.0 262 9.187

01.15.2010 4:45:00 12.3 265 9.187

01.15.2010 5:15:00 12.9 269 9.257

01.15.2010 5:45:00 12.3 275 9.257

01.15.2010 6:15:00 11.7 275 9.233

01.15.2010 6:45:00 10.9 278 9.304

01.15.2010 7:15:00 10.9 277 9.280

01.15.2010 7:45:00 12.0 283 9.163

01.15.2010 8:15:00 12.3 288 9.070

01.15.2010 8:45:00 12.3 293 9.116

01.15.2010 9:15:00 11.4 289 9.257

01.15.2010 9:45:00 9.1 275 9.374

01.15.2010 10:15:00 6.5 274 8.930

01.15.2010 10:45:00 3.2 126 9.046

01.15.2010 11:15:00 1.2 208 9.046

01.15.2010 11:45:00 0.3 083 9.046

01.15.2010 12:15:00 3.5 172 9.116

01.15.2010 12:45:00 3.2 186 8.930

01.15.2010 13:15:00 3.8 214 8.953

01.15.2010 13:45:00 3.5 258 9.093

01.15.2010 14:15:00 2.9 317 9.116

01.15.2010 14:45:00 0.9 350 9.093

01.15.2010 15:15:00 1.2 044 9.000

01.15.2010 15:45:00 2.3 017 8.859

01.15.2010 16:15:00 1.8 015 8.976

01.15.2010 16:45:00 0.9 301 9.000

01.15.2010 17:15:00 1.2 246 8.976

01.15.2010 17:45:00 3.5 277 8.953

01.15.2010 18:15:00 3.2 257 8.930

01.15.2010 18:45:00 3.8 261 8.906

01.15.2010 19:15:00 5.3 272 9.000

01.15.2010 19:45:00 4.7 259 8.953

01.15.2010 20:15:00 3.2 282 8.976

01.15.2010 20:45:00 7.3 265 9.093

01.15.2010 21:15:00 9.1 273 9.163

01.15.2010 21:45:00 7.9 275 9.280

01.15.2010 22:15:00 6.5 292 9.280

01.15.2010 22:45:00 6.5 303 9.187

01.15.2010 23:15:00 6.7 316 9.187

01.15.2010 23:45:00 5.3 298 9.140

187
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.16.2010 0:15:00 8.5 306 9.187

01.16.2010 0:45:00 8.5 297 9.070

01.16.2010 1:15:00 9.7 302 9.046

01.16.2010 1:45:00 5.6 301 8.976

01.16.2010 2:15:00 6.7 278 8.930

01.16.2010 2:45:00 4.1 298 9.070

01.16.2010 3:15:00 3.8 324 8.930

01.16.2010 3:45:00 1.8 339 8.836

01.16.2010 4:15:00 1.5 358 8.789

01.16.2010 4:45:00 2.6 239 8.930

01.16.2010 5:15:00 5.3 233 8.976

01.16.2010 5:45:00 3.5 217 8.953

01.16.2010 6:15:00 4.7 253 9.374

01.16.2010 6:45:00 2.6 289 9.374

01.16.2010 7:15:00 2.6 321 9.374

01.16.2010 7:45:00 0.9 344 9.187

01.16.2010 8:15:00 3.5 276 9.350

01.16.2010 8:45:00 3.8 264 9.350

01.16.2010 9:15:00 3.5 249 9.397

01.16.2010 9:45:00 3.2 270 9.421

01.16.2010 10:15:00 5.3 252 9.397

01.16.2010 10:45:00 3.2 235 9.327

01.16.2010 11:15:00 5.6 248 9.444

01.16.2010 11:45:00 5.6 248 9.374

01.16.2010 12:15:00 5.9 230 9.397

01.16.2010 12:45:00 7.9 239 9.421

01.16.2010 13:15:00 6.2 223 9.374

01.16.2010 13:45:00 6.5 220 9.280

01.16.2010 14:15:00 7.3 186 9.163

01.16.2010 14:45:00 5.3 204 9.093

01.16.2010 15:15:00 7.3 205 9.257

01.16.2010 15:45:00 10.3 220 9.280

01.16.2010 16:15:00 10.0 231 9.397

01.16.2010 16:45:00 11.7 220 9.421

01.16.2010 17:15:00 10.9 239 9.280

01.16.2010 17:45:00 11.7 249 9.584

01.16.2010 18:15:00 11.4 259 9.491

01.16.2010 18:45:00 9.4 270 9.280

01.16.2010 19:15:00 10.9 265 9.187

01.16.2010 19:45:00 15.3 262 9.093

01.16.2010 20:15:00 15.5 265 9.421

01.16.2010 20:45:00 15.5 268 9.374

01.16.2010 21:15:00 17.0 269 8.930

01.16.2010 21:45:00 17.0 268 8.883

01.16.2010 22:15:00 16.7 267 8.953

01.16.2010 22:45:00 17.3 264 8.859

01.16.2010 23:15:00 19.1 263 8.883

01.16.2010 23:45:00 19.1 264 8.836

188
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.17.2010 0:15:00 18.2 263 9.257

01.17.2010 0:45:00 17.6 264 9.397

01.17.2010 1:15:00 15.0 269 9.491

01.17.2010 1:45:00 13.5 256 9.748

01.17.2010 2:15:00 12.6 263 9.725

01.17.2010 2:45:00 11.1 261 9.725

01.17.2010 3:15:00 10.6 274 9.561

01.17.2010 3:45:00 12.6 261 9.702

01.17.2010 4:15:00 12.3 262 9.772

01.17.2010 4:45:00 13.5 246 8.976

01.17.2010 5:15:00 14.1 250 9.772

01.17.2010 5:45:00 16.7 246 9.678

01.17.2010 6:15:00 18.2 246 8.813

01.17.2010 6:45:00 16.4 241 8.906

01.17.2010 7:15:00 16.7 231 8.883

01.17.2010 7:45:00 15.5 245 8.953

01.17.2010 8:15:00 24.3 251 9.163

01.17.2010 8:45:00 27.6 251 9.116

01.17.2010 9:15:00 25.8 249 9.116

01.17.2010 9:45:00 25.2 251 9.046

01.17.2010 10:15:00 25.2 254 9.000

01.17.2010 10:45:00 24.9 253 9.046

01.17.2010 11:15:00 26.7 248 9.210

01.17.2010 11:45:00 27.6 248 9.187

01.17.2010 12:15:00 26.1 253 9.163

01.17.2010 12:45:00 25.5 254 9.140

01.17.2010 13:15:00 22.9 252 9.140

01.17.2010 13:45:00 21.1 254 9.093

01.17.2010 14:15:00 22.0 255 9.070

01.17.2010 14:45:00 21.4 251 9.116

01.17.2010 15:15:00 22.6 251 9.187

01.17.2010 15:45:00 19.4 250 9.163

01.17.2010 16:15:00 21.4 249 9.140

01.17.2010 16:45:00 20.8 248 9.093

01.17.2010 17:15:00 23.8 252 9.093

01.17.2010 17:45:00 25.8 249 9.116

01.17.2010 18:15:00 26.1 250 9.163

01.17.2010 18:45:00 25.8 248 9.163

01.17.2010 19:15:00 24.3 250 9.163

01.17.2010 19:45:00 24.3 253 9.187

01.17.2010 20:15:00 22.0 256 9.140

01.17.2010 20:45:00 18.2 255 9.093

01.17.2010 21:15:00 17.9 259 9.116

01.17.2010 21:45:00 17.6 262 9.163

01.17.2010 22:15:00 16.4 256 9.116

01.17.2010 22:45:00 16.1 260 9.070

01.17.2010 23:15:00 13.2 263 9.046

01.17.2010 23:45:00 14.1 258 9.093

189
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.18.2010 0:15:00 14.7 267 9.140

01.18.2010 0:45:00 15.3 261 9.280

01.18.2010 1:15:00 14.4 264 9.374

01.18.2010 1:45:00 14.7 261 9.444

01.18.2010 2:15:00 13.2 268 9.304

01.18.2010 2:45:00 7.6 282 9.187

01.18.2010 3:15:00 2.3 114 9.093

01.18.2010 3:45:00 2.6 118 9.163

01.18.2010 4:15:00 3.2 162 9.187

01.18.2010 4:45:00 4.1 178 9.163

01.18.2010 5:15:00 5.3 157 9.093

01.18.2010 5:45:00 6.5 144 9.116

01.18.2010 6:15:00 7.9 144 9.187

01.18.2010 6:45:00 5.9 148 9.000

01.18.2010 7:15:00 6.5 160 9.116

01.18.2010 7:45:00 4.7 131 9.000

01.18.2010 8:15:00 5.3 105 8.883

01.18.2010 8:45:00 5.0 097 8.813

01.18.2010 9:15:00 6.5 102 8.813

01.18.2010 9:45:00 6.7 112 8.836

01.18.2010 10:15:00 6.7 114 8.859

01.18.2010 10:45:00 6.2 121 8.883

01.18.2010 11:15:00 6.5 114 8.906

01.18.2010 11:45:00 6.5 091 8.859

01.18.2010 12:15:00 8.5 071 8.859

01.18.2010 12:45:00 7.0 068 8.813

01.18.2010 13:15:00 6.7 071 8.813

01.18.2010 13:45:00 8.5 072 8.836

01.18.2010 14:15:00 7.3 087 8.859

01.18.2010 14:45:00 9.4 089 8.719

01.18.2010 15:15:00 7.9 092 8.789

01.18.2010 15:45:00 10.3 091 8.719

01.18.2010 16:15:00 11.4 094 8.673

01.18.2010 16:45:00 8.5 100 8.603

01.18.2010 17:15:00 10.0 100 8.743

01.18.2010 17:45:00 9.4 102 8.603

01.18.2010 18:15:00 10.3 102 8.463

01.18.2010 18:45:00 10.3 102 8.509

01.18.2010 19:15:00 9.4 111 8.556

01.18.2010 19:45:00 9.1 122 8.486

01.18.2010 20:15:00 9.4 117 8.579

01.18.2010 20:45:00 9.4 107 8.416

01.18.2010 21:15:00 7.3 094 8.439

01.18.2010 21:45:00 8.2 103 8.393

01.18.2010 22:15:00 9.4 105 8.509

01.18.2010 22:45:00 8.8 100 8.439

01.18.2010 23:15:00 8.8 090 8.416

01.18.2010 23:45:00 8.2 091 8.369

190
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.19.2010 0:15:00 10.0 102 8.439

01.19.2010 0:45:00 9.7 094 8.439

01.19.2010 1:15:00 11.4 097 8.439

01.19.2010 1:45:00 10.6 100 8.533

01.19.2010 2:15:00 10.0 100 8.486

01.19.2010 2:45:00 9.7 100 8.439

01.19.2010 3:15:00 10.0 108 8.579

01.19.2010 3:45:00 12.3 111 8.603

01.19.2010 4:15:00 14.7 118 8.533

01.19.2010 4:45:00 13.2 113 8.509

01.19.2010 5:15:00 12.0 111 8.579

01.19.2010 5:45:00 12.6 107 8.649

01.19.2010 6:15:00 10.0 106 8.626

01.19.2010 6:45:00 10.9 108 8.579

01.19.2010 7:15:00 10.6 109 8.439

01.19.2010 7:45:00 9.1 123 8.346

01.19.2010 8:15:00 8.2 109 8.416

01.19.2010 8:45:00 10.0 099 8.556

01.19.2010 9:15:00 8.8 100 8.439

01.19.2010 9:45:00 8.8 096 8.439

01.19.2010 10:15:00 9.7 089 8.416

01.19.2010 10:45:00 10.0 089 8.439

01.19.2010 11:15:00 9.4 072 8.276

01.19.2010 11:45:00 7.9 077 8.299

01.19.2010 12:15:00 8.5 074 8.276

01.19.2010 12:45:00 7.3 065 8.276

01.19.2010 13:15:00 8.8 074 8.393

01.19.2010 13:45:00 10.0 079 8.299

01.19.2010 14:15:00 9.1 083 8.253

01.19.2010 14:45:00 8.8 081 8.183

01.19.2010 15:15:00 8.2 099 8.183

01.19.2010 15:45:00 6.5 107 8.183

01.19.2010 16:15:00 8.5 112 8.206

01.19.2010 16:45:00 8.5 105 8.276

01.19.2010 17:15:00 8.8 106 8.346

01.19.2010 17:45:00 8.5 121 8.416

01.19.2010 18:15:00 8.5 128 8.463

01.19.2010 18:45:00 8.5 125 8.626

01.19.2010 19:15:00 6.2 144 8.789

01.19.2010 19:45:00 2.6 112 8.836

01.19.2010 20:15:00 4.4 070 8.906

01.19.2010 20:45:00 3.2 074 8.906

01.19.2010 21:15:00 3.2 083 8.930

01.19.2010 21:45:00 2.6 073 8.906

01.19.2010 22:15:00 1.8 089 8.883

01.19.2010 22:45:00 1.5 100 8.906

01.19.2010 23:15:00 0.9 067 8.976

01.19.2010 23:45:00 2.1 040 8.953

191
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.20.2010 0:15:00 2.1 026 8.953

01.20.2010 0:45:00 1.2 061 8.976

01.20.2010 1:15:00 1.2 181 8.976

01.20.2010 1:45:00 1.2 190 9.000

01.20.2010 2:15:00 0.9 161 9.000

01.20.2010 2:45:00 1.8 041 8.976

01.20.2010 3:15:00 2.3 105 8.906

01.20.2010 3:45:00 1.8 116 8.906

01.20.2010 4:15:00 1.2 157 8.953

01.20.2010 4:45:00 1.5 256 8.976

01.20.2010 5:15:00 1.5 271 9.046

01.20.2010 5:45:00 0.9 297 9.046

01.20.2010 6:15:00 1.2 322 9.070

01.20.2010 6:45:00 1.2 017 9.023

01.20.2010 7:15:00 2.3 291 9.070

01.20.2010 7:45:00 1.5 278 9.140

01.20.2010 8:15:00 5.9 342 9.023

01.20.2010 8:45:00 5.9 002 8.930

01.20.2010 9:15:00 4.4 342 8.906

01.20.2010 9:45:00 5.0 339 8.976

01.20.2010 10:15:00 5.6 318 9.023

01.20.2010 10:45:00 7.0 335 9.000

01.20.2010 11:15:00 6.7 335 8.883

01.20.2010 11:45:00 6.2 331 8.906

01.20.2010 12:15:00 6.7 342 8.719

01.20.2010 12:45:00 7.3 343 8.836

01.20.2010 13:15:00 8.2 351 8.859

01.20.2010 13:45:00 8.2 351 8.789

01.20.2010 14:15:00 8.5 347 8.626

01.20.2010 14:45:00 7.6 350 8.766

01.20.2010 15:15:00 6.2 013 8.626

01.20.2010 15:45:00 5.6 017 8.626

01.20.2010 16:15:00 6.2 026 8.533

01.20.2010 16:45:00 2.6 050 8.626

01.20.2010 17:15:00 3.2 070 8.626

01.20.2010 17:45:00 2.6 072 8.579

01.20.2010 18:15:00 4.4 125 8.579

01.20.2010 18:45:00 4.7 148 8.603

01.20.2010 19:15:00 5.3 157 8.626

01.20.2010 19:45:00 6.2 164 8.649

01.20.2010 20:15:00 6.5 186 8.626

01.20.2010 20:45:00 6.7 191 8.626

01.20.2010 21:15:00 7.3 197 8.673

01.20.2010 21:45:00 5.6 214 9.000

01.20.2010 22:15:00 3.5 260 9.093

01.20.2010 22:45:00 2.9 298 8.953

01.20.2010 23:15:00 4.7 345 8.813

01.20.2010 23:45:00 5.9 332 8.766

192
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.21.2010 0:15:00 7.6 301 8.673

01.21.2010 0:45:00 9.4 296 8.603

01.21.2010 1:15:00 8.5 303 8.766

01.21.2010 1:45:00 9.4 305 8.626

01.21.2010 2:15:00 7.9 302 8.649

01.21.2010 2:45:00 7.0 320 8.696

01.21.2010 3:15:00 6.2 317 8.579

01.21.2010 3:45:00 7.6 330 8.766

01.21.2010 4:15:00 6.2 347 8.649

01.21.2010 4:45:00 5.3 000 8.533

01.21.2010 5:15:00 5.0 000 8.509

01.21.2010 5:45:00 2.6 003 8.486

01.21.2010 6:15:00 0.6 065 8.509

01.21.2010 6:45:00 2.1 173 8.533

01.21.2010 7:15:00 2.3 185 8.533

01.21.2010 7:45:00 3.2 185 8.556

01.21.2010 8:15:00 3.2 217 8.579

01.21.2010 8:45:00 2.1 165 8.696

01.21.2010 9:15:00 2.6 124 8.673

01.21.2010 9:45:00 3.2 172 8.649

01.21.2010 10:15:00 3.8 178 8.673

01.21.2010 10:45:00 1.8 190 8.743

01.21.2010 11:15:00 0.9 144 8.766

01.21.2010 11:45:00 0.6 282 8.766

01.21.2010 12:15:00 1.5 000 8.766

01.21.2010 12:45:00 2.6 034 8.743

01.21.2010 13:15:00 3.2 019 8.719

01.21.2010 13:45:00 4.4 020 8.696

01.21.2010 14:15:00 4.4 359 8.556

01.21.2010 14:45:00 3.2 331 8.673

01.21.2010 15:15:00 3.2 351 8.673

01.21.2010 15:45:00 1.5 298 8.603

01.21.2010 16:15:00 1.2 333 8.579

01.21.2010 16:45:00 2.1 112 8.626

01.21.2010 17:15:00 1.5 128 8.533

01.21.2010 17:45:00 4.4 132 8.533

01.21.2010 18:15:00 4.1 147 8.486

01.21.2010 18:45:00 5.3 158 8.509

01.21.2010 19:15:00 5.6 188 8.626

01.21.2010 19:45:00 5.9 185 8.649

01.21.2010 20:15:00 7.0 168 8.626

01.21.2010 20:45:00 7.9 180 8.673

01.21.2010 21:15:00 6.7 180 8.719

01.21.2010 21:45:00 6.2 195 8.836

01.21.2010 22:15:00 4.7 196 8.930

01.21.2010 22:45:00 2.9 228 8.930

01.21.2010 23:15:00 0.6 195 8.930

01.21.2010 23:45:00 0.6 236 8.930

193
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.22.2010 0:15:00 0.9 005 8.976

01.22.2010 0:45:00 2.3 002 8.953

01.22.2010 1:15:00 1.5 016 8.976

01.22.2010 1:45:00 1.2 025 8.976

01.22.2010 2:15:00 3.2 045 9.023

01.22.2010 2:45:00 3.2 018 8.976

01.22.2010 3:15:00 2.9 024 8.953

01.22.2010 3:45:00 1.8 018 8.976

01.22.2010 4:15:00 2.9 031 8.953

01.22.2010 4:45:00 2.1 027 8.859

01.22.2010 5:15:00 1.8 002 8.906

01.22.2010 5:45:00 0.9 035 8.883

01.22.2010 6:15:00 2.3 026 8.906

01.22.2010 6:45:00 0.6 015 8.930

01.22.2010 7:15:00 1.8 020 8.859

01.22.2010 7:45:00 0.6 021 8.930

01.22.2010 8:15:00 0.9 147 8.930

01.22.2010 8:45:00 0.9 029 8.930

01.22.2010 9:15:00 1.5 066 8.930

01.22.2010 9:45:00 2.6 131 8.883

01.22.2010 10:15:00 2.1 154 8.813

01.22.2010 10:45:00 1.8 179 8.836

01.22.2010 11:15:00 2.1 213 8.813

01.22.2010 11:45:00 1.5 238 8.813

01.22.2010 12:15:00 0.3 149 8.813

01.22.2010 12:45:00 0.6 107 8.813

01.22.2010 13:15:00 0.3 223 8.836

01.22.2010 13:45:00 1.8 018 8.859

01.22.2010 14:15:00 0.6 329 8.789

01.22.2010 14:45:00 1.8 082 8.696

01.22.2010 15:15:00 0.3 322 8.673

01.22.2010 15:45:00 1.2 034 8.673

01.22.2010 16:15:00 0.9 117 8.603

01.22.2010 16:45:00 2.6 073 8.556

01.22.2010 17:15:00 2.9 074 8.579

01.22.2010 17:45:00 3.8 091 8.579

01.22.2010 18:15:00 3.2 076 8.579

01.22.2010 18:45:00 4.1 071 8.603

01.22.2010 19:15:00 4.7 069 8.579

01.22.2010 19:45:00 3.8 082 8.579

01.22.2010 20:15:00 3.2 110 8.579

01.22.2010 20:45:00 3.8 116 8.603

01.22.2010 21:15:00 3.5 146 8.579

01.22.2010 21:45:00 5.0 146 8.579

01.22.2010 22:15:00 2.9 131 8.603

01.22.2010 22:45:00 2.6 140 8.836

01.22.2010 23:15:00 2.6 158 8.953

01.22.2010 23:45:00 3.2 076 9.000

194
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.23.2010 0:15:00 3.5 043 8.976

01.23.2010 0:45:00 4.4 051 8.626

01.23.2010 1:15:00 5.6 038 8.579

01.23.2010 1:45:00 5.9 044 8.579

01.23.2010 2:15:00 7.0 040 8.579

01.23.2010 2:45:00 7.9 054 8.556

01.23.2010 3:15:00 8.2 068 8.556

01.23.2010 3:45:00 8.5 076 8.509

01.23.2010 4:15:00 9.4 079 8.486

01.23.2010 4:45:00 8.2 084 8.509

01.23.2010 5:15:00 8.5 081 8.486

01.23.2010 5:45:00 8.5 078 8.416

01.23.2010 6:15:00 7.0 073 8.229

01.23.2010 6:45:00 7.6 071 8.299

01.23.2010 7:15:00 7.3 091 8.369

01.23.2010 7:45:00 9.4 095 8.323

01.23.2010 8:15:00 10.6 100 8.369

01.23.2010 8:45:00 8.5 104 8.299

01.23.2010 9:15:00 9.4 102 8.393

01.23.2010 9:45:00 10.3 112 8.393

01.23.2010 10:15:00 9.4 115 8.346

01.23.2010 10:45:00 8.8 107 8.416

01.23.2010 11:15:00 8.2 110 8.393

01.23.2010 11:45:00 9.7 103 8.393

01.23.2010 12:15:00 7.6 109 8.346

01.23.2010 12:45:00 8.2 117 8.393

01.23.2010 13:15:00 6.7 122 8.369

01.23.2010 13:45:00 7.6 112 8.369

01.23.2010 14:15:00 7.3 120 8.369

01.23.2010 14:45:00 6.7 120 8.369

01.23.2010 15:15:00 7.9 107 8.393

01.23.2010 15:45:00 7.3 104 8.369

01.23.2010 16:15:00 8.5 121 8.323

01.23.2010 16:45:00 6.7 109 8.369

01.23.2010 17:15:00 8.8 119 8.346

01.23.2010 17:45:00 8.5 108 8.416

01.23.2010 18:15:00 10.3 100 8.416

01.23.2010 18:45:00 10.6 094 8.369

01.23.2010 19:15:00 8.5 091 8.393

01.23.2010 19:45:00 10.0 092 8.369

01.23.2010 20:15:00 9.1 093 8.393

01.23.2010 20:45:00 7.9 096 8.299

01.23.2010 21:15:00 8.2 087 8.323

01.23.2010 21:45:00 10.0 093 8.299

01.23.2010 22:15:00 12.0 092 8.346

01.23.2010 22:45:00 12.0 094 8.369

01.23.2010 23:15:00 10.0 095 8.346

01.23.2010 23:45:00 10.0 085 8.299

195
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.24.2010 0:15:00 7.9 082 8.276

01.24.2010 0:45:00 7.0 081 8.299

01.24.2010 1:15:00 10.9 084 8.253

01.24.2010 1:45:00 7.6 086 8.253

01.24.2010 2:15:00 7.0 091 8.253

01.24.2010 2:45:00 8.8 100 8.253

01.24.2010 3:15:00 9.1 096 8.253

01.24.2010 3:45:00 7.9 093 8.299

01.24.2010 4:15:00 8.2 103 8.323

01.24.2010 4:45:00 8.2 117 8.299

01.24.2010 5:15:00 7.0 112 8.346

01.24.2010 5:45:00 7.6 103 8.276

01.24.2010 6:15:00 5.3 113 8.323

01.24.2010 6:45:00 4.4 127 8.276

01.24.2010 7:15:00 3.8 113 8.253

01.24.2010 7:45:00 4.7 096 8.253

01.24.2010 8:15:00 2.9 132 8.253

01.24.2010 8:45:00 3.5 114 8.253

01.24.2010 9:15:00 2.9 114 8.276

01.24.2010 9:45:00 4.1 105 8.346

01.24.2010 10:15:00 1.5 164 8.346

01.24.2010 10:45:00 1.2 079 8.346

01.24.2010 11:15:00 3.2 065 8.369

01.24.2010 11:45:00 2.1 054 8.323

01.24.2010 12:15:00 2.6 060 8.299

01.24.2010 12:45:00 2.1 078 8.299

01.24.2010 13:15:00 1.2 059 8.393

01.24.2010 13:45:00 2.9 053 8.369

01.24.2010 14:15:00 5.0 082 8.323

01.24.2010 14:45:00 4.4 100 8.323

01.24.2010 15:15:00 3.5 125 8.276

01.24.2010 15:45:00 3.8 126 8.299

01.24.2010 16:15:00 5.3 130 8.299

01.24.2010 16:45:00 3.8 147 8.346

01.24.2010 17:15:00 2.3 136 8.393

01.24.2010 17:45:00 1.2 072 8.393

01.24.2010 18:15:00 3.8 052 8.369

01.24.2010 18:45:00 6.2 059 8.346

01.24.2010 19:15:00 5.3 078 8.346

01.24.2010 19:45:00 6.5 080 8.323

01.24.2010 20:15:00 3.8 067 8.276

01.24.2010 20:45:00 3.5 093 8.346

01.24.2010 21:15:00 4.7 086 8.416

01.24.2010 21:45:00 7.0 070 8.393

01.24.2010 22:15:00 5.6 058 8.346

01.24.2010 22:45:00 5.3 062 8.346

01.24.2010 23:15:00 6.2 060 8.299

01.24.2010 23:45:00 6.5 060 8.299

196
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.25.2010 0:15:00 5.0 071 8.299

01.25.2010 0:45:00 5.6 059 8.276

01.25.2010 1:15:00 5.9 084 8.323

01.25.2010 1:45:00 4.7 088 8.276

01.25.2010 2:15:00 4.4 065 8.253

01.25.2010 2:45:00 3.2 089 8.276

01.25.2010 3:15:00 4.4 102 8.299

01.25.2010 3:45:00 4.1 106 8.369

01.25.2010 4:15:00 4.7 120 8.323

01.25.2010 4:45:00 5.0 117 8.346

01.25.2010 5:15:00 4.7 142 8.393

01.25.2010 5:45:00 4.7 134 8.416

01.25.2010 6:15:00 4.4 126 8.393

01.25.2010 6:45:00 4.4 123 8.369

01.25.2010 7:15:00 3.8 141 8.393

01.25.2010 7:45:00 4.4 155 8.416

01.25.2010 8:15:00 4.1 178 8.486

01.25.2010 8:45:00 4.7 183 8.533

01.25.2010 9:15:00 2.3 170 8.579

01.25.2010 9:45:00 2.6 185 8.673

01.25.2010 10:15:00 2.9 121 8.626

01.25.2010 10:45:00 3.8 072 8.579

01.25.2010 11:15:00 3.5 058 8.533

01.25.2010 11:45:00 1.8 024 8.579

01.25.2010 12:15:00 2.9 047 8.556

01.25.2010 12:45:00 2.1 118 8.556

01.25.2010 13:15:00 4.1 113 8.603

01.25.2010 13:45:00 3.5 125 8.579

01.25.2010 14:15:00 2.3 129 8.579

01.25.2010 14:45:00 1.5 080 8.579

01.25.2010 15:15:00 2.3 050 8.579

01.25.2010 15:45:00 2.1 062 8.579

01.25.2010 16:15:00 2.3 062 8.579

01.25.2010 16:45:00 2.9 075 8.556

01.25.2010 17:15:00 2.6 044 8.556

01.25.2010 17:45:00 3.8 058 8.509

01.25.2010 18:15:00 2.6 037 8.439

01.25.2010 18:45:00 2.9 045 8.439

01.25.2010 19:15:00 2.6 015 8.439

01.25.2010 19:45:00 2.6 059 8.439

01.25.2010 20:15:00 3.2 056 8.416

01.25.2010 20:45:00 4.1 052 8.369

01.25.2010 21:15:00 4.1 031 8.346

01.25.2010 21:45:00 4.4 034 8.323

01.25.2010 22:15:00 4.1 038 8.323

01.25.2010 22:45:00 3.5 081 8.346

01.25.2010 23:15:00 3.8 089 8.393

01.25.2010 23:45:00 5.3 101 8.393

197
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.26.2010 0:15:00 4.4 082 8.439

01.26.2010 0:45:00 5.0 084 8.533

01.26.2010 1:15:00 5.3 086 8.579

01.26.2010 1:45:00 4.7 080 8.416

01.26.2010 2:15:00 5.6 093 8.509

01.26.2010 2:45:00 5.0 086 8.509

01.26.2010 3:15:00 4.1 091 8.533

01.26.2010 3:45:00 5.3 091 8.673

01.26.2010 4:15:00 6.5 089 8.696

01.26.2010 4:45:00 7.6 089 8.696

01.26.2010 5:15:00 6.7 093 8.626

01.26.2010 5:45:00 6.2 105 8.626

01.26.2010 6:15:00 4.1 091 8.603

01.26.2010 6:45:00 4.4 105 8.509

01.26.2010 7:15:00 5.0 120 8.439

01.26.2010 7:45:00 2.9 135 8.416

01.26.2010 8:15:00 2.3 130 8.416

01.26.2010 8:45:00 0.9 109 8.393

01.26.2010 9:15:00 0.9 151 8.393

01.26.2010 9:45:00 1.5 187 8.439

01.26.2010 10:15:00 1.8 181 8.416

01.26.2010 10:45:00 1.2 243 8.416

01.26.2010 11:15:00 2.3 030 8.346

01.26.2010 11:45:00 3.2 024 8.323

01.26.2010 12:15:00 3.2 351 8.369

01.26.2010 12:45:00 5.3 332 8.323

01.26.2010 13:15:00 6.2 350 8.253

01.26.2010 13:45:00 4.4 328 8.299

01.26.2010 14:15:00 3.5 299 8.299

01.26.2010 14:45:00 0.3 178 8.369

01.26.2010 15:15:00 2.9 112 8.346

01.26.2010 15:45:00 2.1 143 8.276

01.26.2010 16:15:00 2.1 150 8.253

01.26.2010 16:45:00 3.2 049 8.229

01.26.2010 17:15:00 3.2 037 8.206

01.26.2010 17:45:00 4.1 025 8.206

01.26.2010 18:15:00 5.0 029 8.206

01.26.2010 18:45:00 4.7 034 8.206

01.26.2010 19:15:00 3.2 063 8.229

01.26.2010 19:45:00 2.1 057 8.229

01.26.2010 20:15:00 3.2 064 8.229

01.26.2010 20:45:00 2.6 100 8.229

01.26.2010 21:15:00 3.8 092 8.253

01.26.2010 21:45:00 4.1 091 8.229

01.26.2010 22:15:00 5.3 091 8.276

01.26.2010 22:45:00 4.1 089 8.276

01.26.2010 23:15:00 2.9 123 8.299

01.26.2010 23:45:00 2.9 056 8.439

198
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.27.2010 0:15:00 5.6 062 8.463

01.27.2010 0:45:00 7.3 066 8.416

01.27.2010 1:15:00 6.7 055 8.439

01.27.2010 1:45:00 7.9 047 8.323

01.27.2010 2:15:00 7.6 054 8.346

01.27.2010 2:45:00 5.0 084 8.346

01.27.2010 3:15:00 6.7 060 8.323

01.27.2010 3:45:00 6.2 070 8.299

01.27.2010 4:15:00 5.0 065 8.393

01.27.2010 4:45:00 5.9 082 8.439

01.27.2010 5:15:00 5.3 092 8.439

01.27.2010 5:45:00 4.4 091 8.439

01.27.2010 6:15:00 4.1 106 8.439

01.27.2010 6:45:00 6.2 089 8.369

01.27.2010 7:15:00 4.4 079 8.346

01.27.2010 7:45:00 3.2 101 8.439

01.27.2010 8:15:00 2.6 129 8.416

01.27.2010 8:45:00 5.3 095 8.299

01.27.2010 9:15:00 4.4 141 8.253

01.27.2010 9:45:00 4.4 139 8.299

01.27.2010 10:15:00 1.5 117 8.323

01.27.2010 10:45:00 1.8 055 8.393

01.27.2010 11:15:00 2.3 089 8.299

01.27.2010 11:45:00 4.7 065 8.206

01.27.2010 12:15:00 2.6 048 8.183

01.27.2010 12:45:00 3.2 036 8.183

01.27.2010 13:15:00 3.2 039 8.183

01.27.2010 13:45:00 2.1 046 8.206

01.27.2010 14:15:00 2.3 341 8.206

01.27.2010 14:45:00 1.5 357 8.393

01.27.2010 15:15:00 1.2 091 8.183

01.27.2010 15:45:00 2.3 191 8.229

01.27.2010 16:15:00 0.9 187 8.299

01.27.2010 16:45:00 1.8 251 8.323

01.27.2010 17:15:00 1.5 342 8.393

01.27.2010 17:45:00 3.8 001 8.346

01.27.2010 18:15:00 4.7 012 8.323

01.27.2010 18:45:00 5.9 359 8.393

01.27.2010 19:15:00 7.0 024 8.439

01.27.2010 19:45:00 7.3 025 8.393

01.27.2010 20:15:00 7.6 009 8.299

01.27.2010 20:45:00 5.3 006 8.253

01.27.2010 21:15:00 2.6 024 8.253

01.27.2010 21:45:00 2.6 002 8.276

01.27.2010 22:15:00 1.5 085 8.346

01.27.2010 22:45:00 2.6 134 8.299

01.27.2010 23:15:00 3.5 159 8.439

01.27.2010 23:45:00 4.1 156 8.439

199
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.28.2010 0:15:00 6.2 161 8.486

01.28.2010 0:45:00 8.2 158 8.486

01.28.2010 1:15:00 7.0 160 8.533

01.28.2010 1:45:00 8.5 160 8.579

01.28.2010 2:15:00 5.0 169 8.626

01.28.2010 2:45:00 6.7 176 8.556

01.28.2010 3:15:00 8.5 205 8.509

01.28.2010 3:45:00 9.1 206 8.509

01.28.2010 4:15:00 8.8 213 8.579

01.28.2010 4:45:00 9.1 231 8.603

01.28.2010 5:15:00 8.2 238 8.579

01.28.2010 5:45:00 7.9 240 8.626

01.28.2010 6:15:00 7.9 257 8.743

01.28.2010 6:45:00 7.6 269 8.673

01.28.2010 7:15:00 14.4 259 8.393

01.28.2010 7:45:00 18.2 265 8.369

01.28.2010 8:15:00 19.7 263 8.066

01.28.2010 8:45:00 19.7 263 8.136

01.28.2010 9:15:00 19.9 263 8.159

01.28.2010 9:45:00 16.4 264 8.299

01.28.2010 10:15:00 11.1 265 8.673

01.28.2010 10:45:00 12.3 265 8.509

01.28.2010 11:15:00 12.0 264 8.509

01.28.2010 11:45:00 12.0 267 8.486

01.28.2010 12:15:00 12.3 273 8.533

01.28.2010 12:45:00 13.8 274 8.509

01.28.2010 13:15:00 11.4 268 8.323

01.28.2010 13:45:00 12.0 271 8.533

01.28.2010 14:15:00 10.6 261 8.556

01.28.2010 14:45:00 10.9 262 8.299

01.28.2010 15:15:00 13.2 274 8.323

01.28.2010 15:45:00 14.7 269 8.299

01.28.2010 16:15:00 14.7 276 8.439

01.28.2010 16:45:00 11.1 270 8.603

01.28.2010 17:15:00 11.4 277 8.439

01.28.2010 17:45:00 13.2 269 8.323

01.28.2010 18:15:00 15.5 269 8.113

01.28.2010 18:45:00 11.7 275 8.253

01.28.2010 19:15:00 10.6 275 8.276

01.28.2010 19:45:00 11.1 274 8.439

01.28.2010 20:15:00 9.4 280 8.556

01.28.2010 20:45:00 8.5 279 8.439

01.28.2010 21:15:00 8.8 277 8.369

01.28.2010 21:45:00 8.8 248 7.996

01.28.2010 22:15:00 10.0 237 7.996

01.28.2010 22:45:00 9.7 263 8.393

01.28.2010 23:15:00 5.3 294 8.463

01.28.2010 23:45:00 3.2 275 8.463

200
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.29.2010 0:15:00 1.2 269 8.649

01.29.2010 0:45:00 4.4 310 8.859

01.29.2010 1:15:00 2.1 313 8.719

01.29.2010 1:45:00 5.9 253 8.486

01.29.2010 2:15:00 5.6 247 8.533

01.29.2010 2:45:00 7.3 238 8.533

01.29.2010 3:15:00 7.3 238 8.673

01.29.2010 3:45:00 8.8 235 8.649

01.29.2010 4:15:00 8.2 249 8.556

01.29.2010 4:45:00 9.7 262 8.579

01.29.2010 5:15:00 9.4 260 8.486

01.29.2010 5:45:00 12.9 254 8.416

01.29.2010 6:15:00 16.7 257 8.323

01.29.2010 6:45:00 14.4 257 8.229

01.29.2010 7:15:00 14.7 265 8.346

01.29.2010 7:45:00 13.5 255 8.509

01.29.2010 8:15:00 11.7 267 8.229

01.29.2010 8:45:00 10.3 259 8.509

01.29.2010 9:15:00 9.1 255 8.533

01.29.2010 9:45:00 7.9 255 8.533

01.29.2010 10:15:00 6.7 247 8.533

01.29.2010 10:45:00 5.3 236 8.509

01.29.2010 11:15:00 7.9 253 8.346

01.29.2010 11:45:00 9.1 249 8.323

01.29.2010 12:15:00 5.3 258 8.229

01.29.2010 12:45:00 6.2 261 8.346

01.29.2010 13:15:00 10.3 271 8.416

01.29.2010 13:45:00 12.0 268 8.463

01.29.2010 14:15:00 12.9 267 8.369

01.29.2010 14:45:00 9.7 271 8.463

01.29.2010 15:15:00 9.4 282 8.439

01.29.2010 15:45:00 9.1 280 8.439

01.29.2010 16:15:00 9.4 282 8.416

01.29.2010 16:45:00 6.5 286 8.626

01.29.2010 17:15:00 5.6 307 8.579

01.29.2010 17:45:00 6.2 297 8.509

01.29.2010 18:15:00 10.9 270 8.323

01.29.2010 18:45:00 10.3 251 8.299

01.29.2010 19:15:00 9.4 248 8.253

01.29.2010 19:45:00 9.7 246 8.253

01.29.2010 20:15:00 14.7 246 8.299

01.29.2010 20:45:00 17.6 245 8.253

01.29.2010 21:15:00 18.2 247 8.299

01.29.2010 21:45:00 17.3 254 8.276

01.29.2010 22:15:00 15.3 262 8.346

01.29.2010 22:45:00 16.1 262 8.416

01.29.2010 23:15:00 14.1 265 8.463

01.29.2010 23:45:00 14.4 265 8.439

201
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.30.2010 0:15:00 16.1 263 8.486

01.30.2010 0:45:00 15.0 261 8.556

01.30.2010 1:15:00 15.0 256 8.533

01.30.2010 1:45:00 13.5 255 8.626

01.30.2010 2:15:00 12.3 257 8.439

01.30.2010 2:45:00 13.2 258 8.603

01.30.2010 3:15:00 12.9 254 8.556

01.30.2010 3:45:00 15.5 258 8.579

01.30.2010 4:15:00 17.0 254 8.486

01.30.2010 4:45:00 16.4 257 8.579

01.30.2010 5:15:00 15.5 259 8.719

01.30.2010 5:45:00 13.5 259 8.906

01.30.2010 6:15:00 9.7 257 9.000

01.30.2010 6:45:00 11.1 261 8.906

01.30.2010 7:15:00 11.7 258 8.930

01.30.2010 7:45:00 9.7 258 8.953

01.30.2010 8:15:00 12.0 264 8.766

01.30.2010 8:45:00 13.5 264 8.930

01.30.2010 9:15:00 15.0 267 8.649

01.30.2010 9:45:00 14.1 261 8.883

01.30.2010 10:15:00 14.1 267 8.743

01.30.2010 10:45:00 17.0 263 8.626

01.30.2010 11:15:00 17.6 265 8.673

01.30.2010 11:45:00 17.0 255 8.649

01.30.2010 12:15:00 17.9 262 8.649

01.30.2010 12:45:00 15.0 261 8.673

01.30.2010 13:15:00 14.4 265 8.649

01.30.2010 13:45:00 13.2 271 8.649

01.30.2010 14:15:00 13.5 269 8.579

01.30.2010 14:45:00 12.6 267 8.719

01.30.2010 15:15:00 11.4 267 8.673

01.30.2010 15:45:00 13.2 265 8.626

01.30.2010 16:15:00 12.0 268 8.626

01.30.2010 16:45:00 12.9 268 8.649

01.30.2010 17:15:00 13.5 268 8.743

01.30.2010 17:45:00 15.3 265 8.766

01.30.2010 18:15:00 17.0 262 8.696

01.30.2010 18:45:00 15.3 264 8.696

01.30.2010 19:15:00 14.7 267 8.719

01.30.2010 19:45:00 14.1 267 8.766

01.30.2010 20:15:00 13.2 265 8.696

01.30.2010 20:45:00 13.5 261 8.696

01.30.2010 21:15:00 12.0 261 8.696

01.30.2010 21:45:00 8.8 261 8.696

01.30.2010 22:15:00 9.1 272 8.673

01.30.2010 22:45:00 9.4 286 8.603

01.30.2010 23:15:00 8.5 265 8.626

01.30.2010 23:45:00 7.9 258 8.626

202
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

01.31.2010 0:15:00 8.8 260 8.673

01.31.2010 0:45:00 8.5 252 8.743

01.31.2010 1:15:00 9.7 248 8.766

01.31.2010 1:45:00 10.0 252 8.766

01.31.2010 2:15:00 9.7 248 8.766

01.31.2010 2:45:00 8.8 245 8.789

01.31.2010 3:15:00 10.9 242 8.789

01.31.2010 3:45:00 10.9 240 8.789

01.31.2010 4:15:00 10.3 232 8.789

01.31.2010 4:45:00 12.0 234 8.813

01.31.2010 5:15:00 12.0 243 8.813

01.31.2010 5:45:00 12.9 239 8.836

01.31.2010 6:15:00 12.3 235 8.789

01.31.2010 6:45:00 13.2 239 8.836

01.31.2010 7:15:00 10.0 240 8.813

01.31.2010 7:45:00 5.9 248 8.813

01.31.2010 8:15:00 0.6 222 8.789

01.31.2010 8:45:00 0.6 018 8.813

01.31.2010 9:15:00 0.9 297 8.789

01.31.2010 9:45:00 1.8 236 8.789

01.31.2010 10:15:00 3.2 272 8.766

01.31.2010 10:45:00 1.8 260 8.743

01.31.2010 11:15:00 2.6 239 8.766

01.31.2010 11:45:00 3.5 191 8.789

01.31.2010 12:15:00 2.3 205 8.789

01.31.2010 12:45:00 2.3 185 8.789

01.31.2010 13:15:00 1.8 188 8.789

01.31.2010 13:45:00 2.6 132 8.789

01.31.2010 14:15:00 3.5 119 8.696

01.31.2010 14:45:00 2.9 106 8.743

01.31.2010 15:15:00 3.5 108 8.626

01.31.2010 15:45:00 4.4 125 8.649

01.31.2010 16:15:00 4.7 094 8.626

01.31.2010 16:45:00 6.7 106 8.649

01.31.2010 17:15:00 6.2 111 8.626

01.31.2010 17:45:00 7.9 119 8.626

01.31.2010 18:15:00 8.5 130 8.626

01.31.2010 18:45:00 7.3 134 8.696

01.31.2010 19:15:00 7.9 155 8.743

01.31.2010 19:45:00 7.3 152 8.789

01.31.2010 20:15:00 5.9 170 8.836

01.31.2010 20:45:00 5.0 184 8.859

01.31.2010 21:15:00 3.2 202 8.836

01.31.2010 21:45:00 3.5 222 8.859

01.31.2010 22:15:00 2.1 280 8.859

01.31.2010 22:45:00 5.0 310 8.906

01.31.2010 23:15:00 4.1 332 8.859

01.31.2010 23:45:00 5.3 358 8.743

203
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/2/2010 0:15:00 4.1 052 8.673

1/2/2010 0:45:00 4.7 089 8.556

1/2/2010 1:15:00 3.2 095 8.556

1/2/2010 1:45:00 2.6 088 8.486

1/2/2010 2:15:00 3.2 091 8.533

1/2/2010 2:45:00 6.2 112 8.556

1/2/2010 3:15:00 5.6 104 8.369

1/2/2010 3:45:00 5.6 107 8.346

1/2/2010 4:15:00 4.7 128 8.439

1/2/2010 4:45:00 6.7 117 8.533

1/2/2010 5:15:00 7.6 121 8.579

1/2/2010 5:45:00 9.4 134 8.533

1/2/2010 6:15:00 7.6 143 8.439

1/2/2010 6:45:00 8.2 153 8.439

1/2/2010 7:15:00 9.7 143 8.463

1/2/2010 7:45:00 10.3 157 8.463

1/2/2010 8:15:00 7.9 157 8.579

1/2/2010 8:45:00 6.2 156 8.603

1/2/2010 9:15:00 6.5 149 8.603

1/2/2010 9:45:00 6.2 139 8.556

1/2/2010 10:15:00 3.8 139 8.486

1/2/2010 10:45:00 4.7 113 8.439

1/2/2010 11:15:00 4.4 090 8.439

1/2/2010 11:45:00 5.0 083 8.393

1/2/2010 12:15:00 3.8 109 8.393

1/2/2010 12:45:00 2.6 110 8.369

1/2/2010 13:15:00 1.2 178 8.416

1/2/2010 13:45:00 2.6 081 8.439

1/2/2010 14:15:00 3.2 133 8.486

1/2/2010 14:45:00 2.9 111 8.439

1/2/2010 15:15:00 3.8 134 8.509

1/2/2010 15:45:00 5.0 129 8.509

1/2/2010 16:15:00 2.9 151 8.533

1/2/2010 16:45:00 4.1 172 8.579

1/2/2010 17:15:00 4.4 165 8.603

1/2/2010 17:45:00 5.6 177 8.649

1/2/2010 18:15:00 4.7 183 8.743

1/2/2010 18:45:00 4.4 191 8.906

1/2/2010 19:15:00 4.4 234 8.953

1/2/2010 19:45:00 2.6 286 8.976

1/2/2010 20:15:00 4.4 312 8.976

1/2/2010 20:45:00 6.2 337 8.859

1/2/2010 21:15:00 6.7 325 8.719

1/2/2010 21:45:00 8.2 319 8.719

1/2/2010 22:15:00 7.0 323 8.696

1/2/2010 22:45:00 8.5 334 8.626

1/2/2010 23:15:00 10.0 345 8.579

1/2/2010 23:45:00 8.8 325 8.533

204
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/2/2010 0:15:00 7.9 317 8.509

2/2/2010 0:45:00 9.7 343 8.533

2/2/2010 1:15:00 9.7 335 8.463

2/2/2010 1:45:00 7.0 341 8.463

2/2/2010 2:15:00 5.0 358 8.533

2/2/2010 2:45:00 3.8 005 8.463

2/2/2010 3:15:00 2.3 345 8.509

2/2/2010 3:45:00 2.1 054 8.533

2/2/2010 4:15:00 2.9 079 8.509

2/2/2010 4:45:00 2.9 079 8.486

2/2/2010 5:15:00 2.9 100 8.486

2/2/2010 5:45:00 2.9 090 8.439

2/2/2010 6:15:00 4.1 118 8.486

2/2/2010 6:45:00 4.7 133 8.439

2/2/2010 7:15:00 4.7 142 8.416

2/2/2010 7:45:00 4.7 165 8.416

2/2/2010 8:15:00 3.8 190 8.486

2/2/2010 8:45:00 5.6 195 8.533

2/2/2010 9:15:00 5.3 203 8.626

2/2/2010 9:45:00 4.1 227 8.930

2/2/2010 10:15:00 2.9 284 8.906

2/2/2010 10:45:00 5.0 341 8.719

2/2/2010 11:15:00 5.3 341 8.789

2/2/2010 11:45:00 8.5 341 8.696

2/2/2010 12:15:00 10.0 349 8.439

2/2/2010 12:45:00 7.0 356 8.486

2/2/2010 13:15:00 6.2 340 8.533

2/2/2010 13:45:00 5.0 332 8.556

2/2/2010 14:15:00 3.8 333 8.533

2/2/2010 14:45:00 3.8 356 8.556

2/2/2010 15:15:00 3.2 334 8.556

2/2/2010 15:45:00 1.8 258 8.533

2/2/2010 16:15:00 4.4 256 8.626

2/2/2010 16:45:00 3.8 245 8.719

2/2/2010 17:15:00 2.3 233 8.719

2/2/2010 17:45:00 3.8 220 8.743

2/2/2010 18:15:00 2.1 243 8.719

2/2/2010 18:45:00 2.9 258 8.626

2/2/2010 19:15:00 4.7 256 8.673

2/2/2010 19:45:00 5.0 270 8.603

2/2/2010 20:15:00 5.9 270 8.649

2/2/2010 20:45:00 7.6 282 8.649

2/2/2010 21:15:00 7.6 300 8.649

2/2/2010 21:45:00 7.0 290 8.626

2/2/2010 22:15:00 5.9 308 8.626

2/2/2010 22:45:00 5.0 314 8.626

2/2/2010 23:15:00 6.5 317 8.626

2/2/2010 23:45:00 5.9 316 8.603

205
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/2/2010 0:15:00 4.1 332 8.626

3/2/2010 0:45:00 4.4 355 8.649

3/2/2010 1:15:00 2.6 004 8.673

3/2/2010 1:45:00 2.3 012 8.626

3/2/2010 2:15:00 2.1 023 8.673

3/2/2010 2:45:00 1.2 158 8.766

3/2/2010 3:15:00 0.9 192 8.836

3/2/2010 3:45:00 0.6 037 8.789

3/2/2010 4:15:00 0.6 090 8.789

3/2/2010 4:45:00 2.9 172 8.813

3/2/2010 5:15:00 3.5 166 8.813

3/2/2010 5:45:00 4.4 201 8.719

3/2/2010 6:15:00 5.3 246 8.789

3/2/2010 6:45:00 5.3 239 8.813

3/2/2010 7:15:00 6.7 230 8.789

3/2/2010 7:45:00 6.7 245 8.789

3/2/2010 8:15:00 8.2 255 8.789

3/2/2010 8:45:00 8.5 258 8.789

3/2/2010 9:15:00 9.4 260 8.906

3/2/2010 9:45:00 11.4 265 9.023

3/2/2010 10:15:00 12.0 276 9.046

3/2/2010 10:45:00 11.1 278 9.046

3/2/2010 11:15:00 10.6 291 8.976

3/2/2010 11:45:00 12.3 284 8.859

3/2/2010 12:15:00 12.3 288 8.953

3/2/2010 12:45:00 11.4 291 8.883

3/2/2010 13:15:00 10.0 297 8.813

3/2/2010 13:45:00 7.9 298 8.649

3/2/2010 14:15:00 1.2 328 8.626

3/2/2010 14:45:00 3.8 283 8.626

3/2/2010 15:15:00 4.4 279 8.673

3/2/2010 15:45:00 2.6 252 8.626

3/2/2010 16:15:00 3.2 256 8.649

3/2/2010 16:45:00 4.4 242 8.789

3/2/2010 17:15:00 4.7 237 8.976

3/2/2010 17:45:00 3.8 240 8.789

3/2/2010 18:15:00 4.1 254 8.813

3/2/2010 18:45:00 3.8 253 8.953

3/2/2010 19:15:00 3.8 275 8.883

3/2/2010 19:45:00 4.7 276 8.836

3/2/2010 20:15:00 5.9 285 8.813

3/2/2010 20:45:00 5.3 343 8.719

3/2/2010 21:15:00 5.3 307 8.719

3/2/2010 21:45:00 5.6 308 8.743

3/2/2010 22:15:00 6.2 311 8.743

3/2/2010 22:45:00 7.6 329 8.626

3/2/2010 23:15:00 8.2 336 8.579

3/2/2010 23:45:00 8.8 352 8.556

206
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/2/2010 0:15:00 9.4 355 8.556

4/2/2010 0:45:00 7.9 350 8.579

4/2/2010 1:15:00 7.6 355 8.626

4/2/2010 1:45:00 7.6 002 8.486

4/2/2010 2:15:00 5.9 006 8.509

4/2/2010 2:45:00 3.8 037 8.533

4/2/2010 3:15:00 3.5 052 8.533

4/2/2010 3:45:00 4.4 056 8.556

4/2/2010 4:15:00 2.6 083 8.533

4/2/2010 4:45:00 2.3 091 8.556

4/2/2010 5:15:00 2.9 102 8.533

4/2/2010 5:45:00 3.8 149 8.533

4/2/2010 6:15:00 6.7 185 8.556

4/2/2010 6:45:00 8.8 199 8.509

4/2/2010 7:15:00 9.4 211 8.533

4/2/2010 7:45:00 9.4 215 8.509

4/2/2010 8:15:00 10.3 222 8.486

4/2/2010 8:45:00 8.8 242 8.509

4/2/2010 9:15:00 6.2 278 8.556

4/2/2010 9:45:00 6.5 264 8.673

4/2/2010 10:15:00 9.1 268 8.556

4/2/2010 10:45:00 10.0 254 8.556

4/2/2010 11:15:00 11.1 253 8.579

4/2/2010 11:45:00 10.6 246 8.533

4/2/2010 12:15:00 6.2 251 8.556

4/2/2010 12:45:00 9.1 246 8.579

4/2/2010 13:15:00 9.4 253 8.626

4/2/2010 13:45:00 9.1 260 8.766

4/2/2010 14:15:00 8.2 252 8.813

4/2/2010 14:45:00 8.2 258 8.836

4/2/2010 15:15:00 7.6 271 8.859

4/2/2010 15:45:00 6.7 275 8.859

4/2/2010 16:15:00 7.9 281 8.906

4/2/2010 16:45:00 5.9 279 8.906

4/2/2010 17:15:00 5.6 289 8.859

4/2/2010 17:45:00 5.6 291 8.930

4/2/2010 18:15:00 6.5 291 8.906

4/2/2010 18:45:00 5.9 294 8.813

4/2/2010 19:15:00 5.0 253 8.696

4/2/2010 19:45:00 4.7 257 8.789

4/2/2010 20:15:00 6.7 286 8.883

4/2/2010 20:45:00 5.3 301 8.813

4/2/2010 21:15:00 7.0 298 8.766

4/2/2010 21:45:00 7.6 295 8.859

4/2/2010 22:15:00 8.5 305 8.766

4/2/2010 22:45:00 8.2 313 8.766

4/2/2010 23:15:00 6.5 302 8.859

4/2/2010 23:45:00 6.7 301 8.859

207
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/2/2010 0:15:00 5.3 296 8.836

5/2/2010 0:45:00 4.4 300 8.789

5/2/2010 1:15:00 5.3 294 8.789

5/2/2010 1:45:00 4.7 289 8.789

5/2/2010 2:15:00 5.0 291 8.813

5/2/2010 2:45:00 3.5 262 8.883

5/2/2010 3:15:00 3.2 242 8.930

5/2/2010 3:45:00 2.1 214 8.673

5/2/2010 4:15:00 2.9 206 8.696

5/2/2010 4:45:00 6.2 197 8.883

5/2/2010 5:15:00 9.7 236 8.953

5/2/2010 5:45:00 9.7 238 8.953

5/2/2010 6:15:00 9.7 243 8.953

5/2/2010 6:45:00 10.9 247 8.953

5/2/2010 7:15:00 12.0 252 8.883

5/2/2010 7:45:00 12.0 261 8.883

5/2/2010 8:15:00 11.4 264 8.883

5/2/2010 8:45:00 11.7 272 8.859

5/2/2010 9:15:00 11.4 267 8.836

5/2/2010 9:45:00 12.3 275 8.813

5/2/2010 10:15:00 12.0 272 8.673

5/2/2010 10:45:00 12.6 260 8.766

5/2/2010 11:15:00 13.8 264 8.789

5/2/2010 11:45:00 14.4 261 8.813

5/2/2010 12:15:00 14.4 267 8.789

5/2/2010 12:45:00 14.7 266 8.719

5/2/2010 13:15:00 13.5 270 8.743

5/2/2010 13:45:00 12.6 267 8.649

5/2/2010 14:15:00 11.4 267 8.766

5/2/2010 14:45:00 11.4 268 8.673

5/2/2010 15:15:00 7.6 257 8.649

5/2/2010 15:45:00 8.8 244 8.603

5/2/2010 16:15:00 8.2 248 8.603

5/2/2010 16:45:00 9.7 235 8.603

5/2/2010 17:15:00 12.0 254 8.719

5/2/2010 17:45:00 8.8 257 8.626

5/2/2010 18:15:00 10.9 263 8.626

5/2/2010 18:45:00 12.6 256 8.649

5/2/2010 19:15:00 13.5 257 8.649

5/2/2010 19:45:00 15.0 255 8.673

5/2/2010 20:15:00 15.8 253 8.649

5/2/2010 20:45:00 15.8 250 8.626

5/2/2010 21:15:00 16.4 247 8.626

5/2/2010 21:45:00 17.3 246 8.743

5/2/2010 22:15:00 18.5 248 8.696

5/2/2010 22:45:00 18.5 250 8.719

5/2/2010 23:15:00 17.9 248 8.626

5/2/2010 23:45:00 17.9 249 8.719

208
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/2/2010 0:15:00 18.2 254 8.766

6/2/2010 0:45:00 18.2 255 8.649

6/2/2010 1:15:00 18.8 254 8.626

6/2/2010 1:45:00 17.9 255 8.673

6/2/2010 2:15:00 18.2 255 8.696

6/2/2010 2:45:00 19.1 259 8.696

6/2/2010 3:15:00 20.2 256 8.813

6/2/2010 3:45:00 18.5 261 8.836

6/2/2010 4:15:00 18.8 262 8.976

6/2/2010 4:45:00 18.5 267 8.953

6/2/2010 5:15:00 18.2 265 9.046

6/2/2010 5:45:00 16.4 271 9.070

6/2/2010 6:15:00 16.4 270 8.953

6/2/2010 6:45:00 16.7 271 8.906

6/2/2010 7:15:00 16.7 278 8.906

6/2/2010 7:45:00 15.5 274 8.883

6/2/2010 8:15:00 12.6 271 8.930

6/2/2010 8:45:00 15.3 272 8.953

6/2/2010 9:15:00 14.7 276 9.000

6/2/2010 9:45:00 13.2 279 9.023

6/2/2010 10:15:00 11.4 280 8.976

6/2/2010 10:45:00 11.1 270 9.070

6/2/2010 11:15:00 8.5 269 8.906

6/2/2010 11:45:00 3.8 273 8.930

6/2/2010 12:15:00 5.9 270 8.906

6/2/2010 12:45:00 2.6 275 8.883

6/2/2010 13:15:00 0.6 147 8.906

6/2/2010 13:45:00 2.9 203 8.906

6/2/2010 14:15:00 2.6 230 8.953

6/2/2010 14:45:00 2.3 199 8.906

6/2/2010 15:15:00 2.9 157 8.930

6/2/2010 15:45:00 3.8 121 8.906

6/2/2010 16:15:00 4.1 133 8.906

6/2/2010 16:45:00 4.1 115 8.813

6/2/2010 17:15:00 3.5 118 8.813

6/2/2010 17:45:00 4.1 136 8.789

6/2/2010 18:15:00 3.5 119 8.766

6/2/2010 18:45:00 4.7 147 8.859

6/2/2010 19:15:00 3.8 149 8.813

6/2/2010 19:45:00 3.5 163 8.813

6/2/2010 20:15:00 4.4 176 8.836

6/2/2010 20:45:00 4.1 162 8.836

6/2/2010 21:15:00 5.9 169 8.766

6/2/2010 21:45:00 6.2 163 8.813

6/2/2010 22:15:00 5.0 147 8.813

6/2/2010 22:45:00 4.1 139 8.766

6/2/2010 23:15:00 5.6 152 8.719

6/2/2010 23:45:00 4.1 136 8.789

209
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/2/2010 0:15:00 2.3 145 8.813

7/2/2010 0:45:00 3.5 145 8.813

7/2/2010 1:15:00 4.4 152 8.813

7/2/2010 1:45:00 3.5 156 8.813

7/2/2010 2:15:00 3.5 157 8.813

7/2/2010 2:45:00 4.1 134 8.813

7/2/2010 3:15:00 4.1 132 8.766

7/2/2010 3:45:00 3.8 152 8.743

7/2/2010 4:15:00 3.5 175 8.766

7/2/2010 4:45:00 4.1 184 8.743

7/2/2010 5:15:00 5.9 171 8.789

7/2/2010 5:45:00 3.8 186 8.789

7/2/2010 6:15:00 3.5 205 8.813

7/2/2010 6:45:00 2.3 190 8.813

7/2/2010 7:15:00 2.3 095 8.813

7/2/2010 7:45:00 4.7 041 8.766

7/2/2010 8:15:00 2.6 114 8.696

7/2/2010 8:45:00 1.5 105 8.789

7/2/2010 9:15:00 2.9 085 8.789

7/2/2010 9:45:00 2.3 075 8.766

7/2/2010 10:15:00 3.5 039 8.579

7/2/2010 10:45:00 5.6 038 8.556

7/2/2010 11:15:00 3.5 029 8.579

7/2/2010 11:45:00 4.7 037 8.579

7/2/2010 12:15:00 4.7 030 8.649

7/2/2010 12:45:00 4.7 040 8.626

7/2/2010 13:15:00 5.9 038 8.579

7/2/2010 13:45:00 5.9 037 8.486

7/2/2010 14:15:00 5.9 036 8.509

7/2/2010 14:45:00 5.3 034 8.509

7/2/2010 15:15:00 4.7 049 8.439

7/2/2010 15:45:00 5.6 063 8.439

7/2/2010 16:15:00 3.8 068 8.323

7/2/2010 16:45:00 2.6 085 8.346

7/2/2010 17:15:00 5.0 078 8.346

7/2/2010 17:45:00 2.9 101 8.393

7/2/2010 18:15:00 3.2 111 8.369

7/2/2010 18:45:00 3.8 124 8.556

7/2/2010 19:15:00 4.7 128 8.579

7/2/2010 19:45:00 5.3 165 8.626

7/2/2010 20:15:00 6.2 181 8.649

7/2/2010 20:45:00 7.0 205 8.626

7/2/2010 21:15:00 6.5 218 8.673

7/2/2010 21:45:00 5.6 222 8.696

7/2/2010 22:15:00 7.0 304 8.626

7/2/2010 22:45:00 5.6 304 8.649

7/2/2010 23:15:00 3.2 297 8.719

7/2/2010 23:45:00 4.4 273 8.696

210
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/2/2010 0:15:00 2.6 270 8.766

8/2/2010 0:45:00 2.1 250 8.766

8/2/2010 1:15:00 5.3 308 8.789

8/2/2010 1:45:00 7.3 312 8.626

8/2/2010 2:15:00 8.2 315 8.649

8/2/2010 2:45:00 7.9 316 8.603

8/2/2010 3:15:00 7.9 335 8.556

8/2/2010 3:45:00 7.3 003 8.533

8/2/2010 4:15:00 6.2 359 8.369

8/2/2010 4:45:00 3.8 006 8.346

8/2/2010 5:15:00 1.5 030 8.439

8/2/2010 5:45:00 0.6 126 8.486

8/2/2010 6:15:00 3.2 161 8.509

8/2/2010 6:45:00 3.8 195 8.556

8/2/2010 7:15:00 2.6 184 8.533

8/2/2010 7:45:00 5.0 183 8.533

8/2/2010 8:15:00 4.7 183 8.556

8/2/2010 8:45:00 4.1 177 8.556

8/2/2010 9:15:00 3.5 201 8.533

8/2/2010 9:45:00 3.2 236 8.579

8/2/2010 10:15:00 2.9 261 8.603

8/2/2010 10:45:00 0.9 222 8.603

8/2/2010 11:15:00 2.1 309 8.556

8/2/2010 11:45:00 3.5 293 8.579

8/2/2010 12:15:00 2.9 255 8.533

8/2/2010 12:45:00 5.3 295 8.463

8/2/2010 13:15:00 5.3 299 8.509

8/2/2010 13:45:00 5.3 284 8.603

8/2/2010 14:15:00 3.8 235 8.603

8/2/2010 14:45:00 2.9 256 8.486

8/2/2010 15:15:00 3.8 245 8.416

8/2/2010 15:45:00 4.1 217 8.416

8/2/2010 16:15:00 4.1 188 8.416

8/2/2010 16:45:00 3.5 222 8.393

8/2/2010 17:15:00 3.8 210 8.439

8/2/2010 17:45:00 4.1 219 8.486

8/2/2010 18:15:00 4.1 230 8.533

8/2/2010 18:45:00 6.7 226 8.533

8/2/2010 19:15:00 6.5 223 8.533

8/2/2010 19:45:00 6.2 232 8.463

8/2/2010 20:15:00 6.2 246 8.533

8/2/2010 20:45:00 9.1 252 8.603

8/2/2010 21:15:00 9.1 251 8.603

8/2/2010 21:45:00 7.3 243 8.626

8/2/2010 22:15:00 8.2 244 8.626

8/2/2010 22:45:00 8.8 238 8.603

8/2/2010 23:15:00 8.2 230 8.603

8/2/2010 23:45:00 7.9 237 8.509

211
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/2/2010 0:15:00 10.0 252 8.486

9/2/2010 0:45:00 9.4 257 8.673

9/2/2010 1:15:00 10.6 264 8.626

9/2/2010 1:45:00 10.3 266 8.533

9/2/2010 2:15:00 10.6 275 8.486

9/2/2010 2:45:00 11.1 279 8.556

9/2/2010 3:15:00 10.9 284 8.533

9/2/2010 3:45:00 12.0 285 8.533

9/2/2010 4:15:00 13.5 280 8.556

9/2/2010 4:45:00 13.2 280 8.626

9/2/2010 5:15:00 12.6 285 8.509

9/2/2010 5:45:00 11.7 280 8.626

9/2/2010 6:15:00 11.4 289 8.603

9/2/2010 6:45:00 11.4 288 8.579

9/2/2010 7:15:00 13.2 279 8.626

9/2/2010 7:45:00 12.3 273 8.463

9/2/2010 8:15:00 13.2 271 8.556

9/2/2010 8:45:00 12.0 270 8.416

9/2/2010 9:15:00 10.9 272 8.579

9/2/2010 9:45:00 10.6 268 8.626

9/2/2010 10:15:00 10.9 271 8.556

9/2/2010 10:45:00 10.0 266 8.509

9/2/2010 11:15:00 12.3 267 8.556

9/2/2010 11:45:00 11.7 265 8.486

9/2/2010 12:15:00 14.7 263 8.463

9/2/2010 12:45:00 14.4 263 8.463

9/2/2010 13:15:00 17.3 260 8.486

9/2/2010 13:45:00 18.8 257 8.439

9/2/2010 14:15:00 21.4 259 8.509

9/2/2010 14:45:00 19.7 253 8.463

9/2/2010 15:15:00 21.1 252 8.369

9/2/2010 15:45:00 21.4 252 8.276

9/2/2010 16:15:00 21.1 254 8.486

9/2/2010 16:45:00 20.5 254 8.486

9/2/2010 17:15:00 21.1 251 8.346

9/2/2010 17:45:00 21.7 248 8.416

9/2/2010 18:15:00 22.0 255 8.439

9/2/2010 18:45:00 21.1 255 8.486

9/2/2010 19:15:00 21.4 254 8.439

9/2/2010 19:45:00 22.3 255 8.369

9/2/2010 20:15:00 22.9 253 8.393

9/2/2010 20:45:00 24.6 253 8.393

9/2/2010 21:15:00 26.4 257 8.369

9/2/2010 21:45:00 26.7 256 8.416

9/2/2010 22:15:00 26.1 256 8.416

9/2/2010 22:45:00 25.2 252 8.486

9/2/2010 23:15:00 26.7 254 8.509

9/2/2010 23:45:00 27.3 253 8.486

212
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/2/2010 0:15:00 27.3 251 8.579

10/2/2010 0:45:00 29.6 254 8.603

10/2/2010 1:15:00 28.5 254 8.486

10/2/2010 1:45:00 27.3 256 8.509

10/2/2010 2:15:00 28.7 258 8.509

10/2/2010 2:45:00 28.5 259 8.463

10/2/2010 3:15:00 26.4 258 8.579

10/2/2010 3:45:00 27.3 259 8.533

10/2/2010 4:15:00 27.9 262 8.509

10/2/2010 4:45:00 29.0 261 8.626

10/2/2010 5:15:00 28.2 258 8.626

10/2/2010 5:45:00 27.0 264 8.673

10/2/2010 6:15:00 26.1 263 8.719

10/2/2010 6:45:00 24.6 259 8.719

10/2/2010 7:15:00 24.3 260 8.813

10/2/2010 7:45:00 23.5 256 8.813

10/2/2010 8:15:00 20.8 256 8.906

10/2/2010 8:45:00 21.4 258 8.883

10/2/2010 9:15:00 22.0 262 8.859

10/2/2010 9:45:00 21.7 258 8.953

10/2/2010 10:15:00 22.3 259 8.906

10/2/2010 10:45:00 21.4 256 8.859

10/2/2010 11:15:00 22.0 255 8.859

10/2/2010 11:45:00 20.8 255 8.836

10/2/2010 12:15:00 20.8 251 8.836

10/2/2010 12:45:00 22.3 248 8.859

10/2/2010 13:15:00 20.8 252 8.836

10/2/2010 13:45:00 22.0 250 8.883

10/2/2010 14:15:00 21.7 251 8.836

10/2/2010 14:45:00 20.8 252 8.883

10/2/2010 15:15:00 17.6 256 8.953

10/2/2010 15:45:00 17.3 260 8.906

10/2/2010 16:15:00 14.1 265 8.883

10/2/2010 16:45:00 12.0 260 8.883

10/2/2010 17:15:00 12.3 262 8.930

10/2/2010 17:45:00 10.6 268 8.883

10/2/2010 18:15:00 8.8 272 8.859

10/2/2010 18:45:00 4.7 262 8.859

10/2/2010 19:15:00 5.9 226 8.859

10/2/2010 19:45:00 4.1 226 8.859

10/2/2010 20:15:00 1.5 191 8.883

10/2/2010 20:45:00 3.5 145 8.906

10/2/2010 21:15:00 5.0 201 8.883

10/2/2010 21:45:00 5.0 225 8.883

10/2/2010 22:15:00 4.4 173 8.930

10/2/2010 22:45:00 2.9 170 8.930

10/2/2010 23:15:00 3.8 227 8.930

10/2/2010 23:45:00 6.2 216 8.906

213
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/2/2010 0:15:00 5.9 248 9.000

11/2/2010 0:45:00 3.5 237 8.953

11/2/2010 1:15:00 3.8 213 8.906

11/2/2010 1:45:00 2.1 237 8.930

11/2/2010 2:15:00 2.6 303 8.953

11/2/2010 2:45:00 2.6 262 8.953

11/2/2010 3:15:00 2.9 251 9.000

11/2/2010 3:45:00 5.0 276 9.000

11/2/2010 4:15:00 5.0 295 8.953

11/2/2010 4:45:00 1.8 320 8.953

11/2/2010 5:15:00 1.5 321 8.953

11/2/2010 5:45:00 0.6 067 8.930

11/2/2010 6:15:00 0.6 084 8.930

11/2/2010 6:45:00 2.9 132 8.930

11/2/2010 7:15:00 3.5 158 8.953

11/2/2010 7:45:00 2.9 156 8.930

11/2/2010 8:15:00 4.1 156 8.906

11/2/2010 8:45:00 4.7 148 8.813

11/2/2010 9:15:00 4.4 144 8.789

11/2/2010 9:45:00 4.4 140 8.766

11/2/2010 10:15:00 5.9 147 8.859

11/2/2010 10:45:00 4.1 128 8.813

11/2/2010 11:15:00 4.4 136 8.789

11/2/2010 11:45:00 2.9 154 8.766

11/2/2010 12:15:00 2.1 140 8.743

11/2/2010 12:45:00 3.2 122 8.766

11/2/2010 13:15:00 4.7 102 8.719

11/2/2010 13:45:00 5.9 109 8.579

11/2/2010 14:15:00 5.9 098 8.556

11/2/2010 14:45:00 4.7 104 8.533

11/2/2010 15:15:00 4.4 133 8.626

11/2/2010 15:45:00 5.9 128 8.626

11/2/2010 16:15:00 5.3 139 8.626

11/2/2010 16:45:00 4.4 139 8.649

11/2/2010 17:15:00 5.9 135 8.649

11/2/2010 17:45:00 5.6 128 8.649

11/2/2010 18:15:00 4.1 118 8.626

11/2/2010 18:45:00 4.7 130 8.626

11/2/2010 19:15:00 4.1 134 8.673

11/2/2010 19:45:00 4.1 136 8.696

11/2/2010 20:15:00 5.0 124 8.696

11/2/2010 20:45:00 4.7 107 8.696

11/2/2010 21:15:00 4.4 092 8.696

11/2/2010 21:45:00 2.9 101 8.649

11/2/2010 22:15:00 3.5 086 8.649

11/2/2010 22:45:00 3.2 086 8.649

11/2/2010 23:15:00 3.5 088 8.626

11/2/2010 23:45:00 5.0 126 8.579

214
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/2/2010 0:15:00 2.6 130 8.136

12/2/2010 0:45:00 6.5 131 8.183

12/2/2010 1:15:00 7.9 135 8.229

12/2/2010 1:45:00 9.4 150 8.323

12/2/2010 2:15:00 8.8 159 8.369

12/2/2010 2:45:00 8.2 158 8.369

12/2/2010 3:15:00 7.9 152 8.393

12/2/2010 3:45:00 7.3 161 8.439

12/2/2010 4:15:00 5.9 169 8.463

12/2/2010 4:45:00 3.8 166 8.743

12/2/2010 5:15:00 4.4 133 8.673

12/2/2010 5:45:00 1.8 118 8.579

12/2/2010 6:15:00 3.5 123 8.603

12/2/2010 6:45:00 4.4 109 8.579

12/2/2010 7:15:00 2.6 101 8.579

12/2/2010 7:45:00 3.8 119 8.509

12/2/2010 8:15:00 2.3 174 8.509

12/2/2010 8:45:00 2.3 201 8.579

12/2/2010 9:15:00 3.2 164 8.673

12/2/2010 9:45:00 1.8 137 8.743

12/2/2010 10:15:00 2.1 268 8.789

12/2/2010 10:45:00 1.8 292 8.859

12/2/2010 11:15:00 3.2 028 8.883

12/2/2010 11:45:00 4.7 001 8.719

12/2/2010 12:15:00 5.9 035 8.439

12/2/2010 12:45:00 3.2 082 8.276

12/2/2010 13:15:00 2.3 187 8.276

12/2/2010 13:45:00 3.2 218 8.533

12/2/2010 14:15:00 1.8 240 8.533

12/2/2010 14:45:00 2.6 206 8.323

12/2/2010 15:15:00 6.2 181 8.346

12/2/2010 15:45:00 7.6 197 8.486

12/2/2010 16:15:00 9.1 204 8.509

12/2/2010 16:45:00 7.9 198 8.673

12/2/2010 17:15:00 8.2 195 8.719

12/2/2010 17:45:00 11.4 205 8.719

12/2/2010 18:15:00 12.0 208 8.789

12/2/2010 18:45:00 10.9 203 8.766

12/2/2010 19:15:00 11.7 209 8.859

12/2/2010 19:45:00 13.2 208 8.906

12/2/2010 20:15:00 15.0 209 8.976

12/2/2010 20:45:00 13.5 219 9.000

12/2/2010 21:15:00 11.7 227 9.023

12/2/2010 21:45:00 11.1 230 9.023

12/2/2010 22:15:00 12.6 233 9.046

12/2/2010 22:45:00 12.6 242 9.046

12/2/2010 23:15:00 12.6 245 9.000

12/2/2010 23:45:00 12.0 249 8.953

215
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.13.2010 0:15:00 12.9 255 8.976

02.13.2010 0:45:00 13.5 249 8.976

02.13.2010 1:15:00 16.7 249 8.953

02.13.2010 1:45:00 19.4 248 8.976

02.13.2010 2:15:00 20.5 243 8.953

02.13.2010 2:45:00 21.1 244 9.000

02.13.2010 3:15:00 22.6 249 8.906

02.13.2010 3:45:00 23.8 254 8.859

02.13.2010 4:15:00 25.2 251 8.859

02.13.2010 4:45:00 25.8 252 8.789

02.13.2010 5:15:00 25.5 255 8.509

02.13.2010 5:45:00 28.2 254 8.159

02.13.2010 6:15:00 29.3 254 8.183

02.13.2010 6:45:00 29.9 253 8.113

02.13.2010 7:15:00 31.7 252 8.206

02.13.2010 7:45:00 32.8 254 8.113

02.13.2010 8:15:00 32.0 255 8.136

02.13.2010 8:45:00 31.7 255 8.229

02.13.2010 9:15:00 30.8 250 8.159

02.13.2010 9:45:00 30.5 250 8.159

02.13.2010 10:15:00 28.5 250 8.206

02.13.2010 10:45:00 29.9 250 8.299

02.13.2010 11:15:00 29.6 250 8.253

02.13.2010 11:45:00 31.1 251 8.323

02.13.2010 12:15:00 31.4 251 8.369

02.13.2010 12:45:00 30.8 254 8.346

02.13.2010 13:15:00 32.0 253 8.416

02.13.2010 13:45:00 28.7 251 8.439

02.13.2010 14:15:00 30.2 253 8.416

02.13.2010 14:45:00 29.0 253 8.439

02.13.2010 15:15:00 27.3 251 8.486

02.13.2010 15:45:00 24.9 250 8.509

02.13.2010 16:15:00 25.5 250 8.509

02.13.2010 16:45:00 25.8 254 8.416

02.13.2010 17:15:00 25.2 253 8.439

02.13.2010 17:45:00 24.6 253 8.486

02.13.2010 18:15:00 24.3 257 8.509

02.13.2010 18:45:00 23.2 258 8.533

02.13.2010 19:15:00 24.6 257 8.556

02.13.2010 19:45:00 23.5 258 8.556

02.13.2010 20:15:00 21.7 254 8.579

02.13.2010 20:45:00 20.8 254 8.603

02.13.2010 21:15:00 22.0 254 8.603

02.13.2010 21:45:00 21.7 251 8.696

02.13.2010 22:15:00 22.9 256 8.673

02.13.2010 22:45:00 22.3 256 8.719

02.13.2010 23:15:00 21.1 250 8.766

02.13.2010 23:45:00 19.9 258 8.766

216
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.14.2010 0:15:00 20.5 250 8.813

02.14.2010 0:45:00 18.2 245 8.836

02.14.2010 1:15:00 18.8 246 8.859

02.14.2010 1:45:00 18.8 245 8.906

02.14.2010 2:15:00 21.4 246 8.953

02.14.2010 2:45:00 21.1 248 8.930

02.14.2010 3:15:00 22.6 246 9.000

02.14.2010 3:45:00 22.0 251 9.000

02.14.2010 4:15:00 19.1 254 9.023

02.14.2010 4:45:00 17.6 260 9.046

02.14.2010 5:15:00 16.1 256 9.023

02.14.2010 5:45:00 11.7 254 9.046

02.14.2010 6:15:00 9.4 243 9.046

02.14.2010 6:45:00 6.2 236 9.070

02.14.2010 7:15:00 5.0 235 9.070

02.14.2010 7:45:00 4.7 218 9.070

02.14.2010 8:15:00 8.2 221 9.116

02.14.2010 8:45:00 9.4 230 9.187

02.14.2010 9:15:00 9.4 230 9.187

02.14.2010 9:45:00 10.3 224 9.187

02.14.2010 10:15:00 12.6 225 9.257

02.14.2010 10:45:00 12.9 229 9.304

02.14.2010 11:15:00 11.1 226 9.350

02.14.2010 11:45:00 10.0 222 9.374

02.14.2010 12:15:00 11.4 231 9.421

02.14.2010 12:45:00 12.9 222 9.421

02.14.2010 13:15:00 9.1 226 9.421

02.14.2010 13:45:00 7.6 227 9.421

02.14.2010 14:15:00 6.2 229 9.467

02.14.2010 14:45:00 5.9 230 9.467

02.14.2010 15:15:00 5.6 240 9.467

02.14.2010 15:45:00 5.9 243 9.491

02.14.2010 16:15:00 4.4 258 9.491

02.14.2010 16:45:00 5.0 238 9.514

02.14.2010 17:15:00 5.3 232 9.514

02.14.2010 17:45:00 8.2 234 9.608

02.14.2010 18:15:00 8.5 226 9.584

02.14.2010 18:45:00 8.2 215 9.584

02.14.2010 19:15:00 7.3 223 9.608

02.14.2010 19:45:00 6.7 230 9.608

02.14.2010 20:15:00 5.6 254 9.584

02.14.2010 20:45:00 6.7 261 9.561

02.14.2010 21:15:00 5.3 285 9.538

02.14.2010 21:45:00 4.4 261 9.514

02.14.2010 22:15:00 5.0 273 9.561

02.14.2010 22:45:00 5.0 289 9.561

02.14.2010 23:15:00 4.4 256 9.655

02.14.2010 23:45:00 5.0 253 9.584

217
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.15.2010 0:15:00 4.1 277 9.561

02.15.2010 0:45:00 4.1 284 9.561

02.15.2010 1:15:00 5.6 276 9.538

02.15.2010 1:45:00 5.3 290 9.491

02.15.2010 2:15:00 4.1 303 9.467

02.15.2010 2:45:00 2.1 235 9.467

02.15.2010 3:15:00 2.9 191 9.444

02.15.2010 3:45:00 2.1 235 9.467

02.15.2010 4:15:00 2.9 188 9.467

02.15.2010 4:45:00 4.1 165 9.444

02.15.2010 5:15:00 2.9 163 9.374

02.15.2010 5:45:00 2.6 152 9.093

02.15.2010 6:15:00 3.2 123 9.140

02.15.2010 6:45:00 5.0 129 9.187

02.15.2010 7:15:00 5.3 152 9.163

02.15.2010 7:45:00 5.0 147 9.140

02.15.2010 8:15:00 5.6 165 9.163

02.15.2010 8:45:00 3.8 161 9.163

02.15.2010 9:15:00 4.4 198 9.327

02.15.2010 9:45:00 5.3 210 9.374

02.15.2010 10:15:00 3.8 197 9.421

02.15.2010 10:45:00 5.6 194 9.467

02.15.2010 11:15:00 4.1 221 9.514

02.15.2010 11:45:00 5.0 226 9.608

02.15.2010 12:15:00 4.7 243 9.655

02.15.2010 12:45:00 4.7 253 9.655

02.15.2010 13:15:00 3.8 261 9.631

02.15.2010 13:45:00 2.9 280 9.631

02.15.2010 14:15:00 4.7 322 9.561

02.15.2010 14:45:00 5.3 300 9.561

02.15.2010 15:15:00 5.3 289 9.608

02.15.2010 15:45:00 4.1 287 9.584

02.15.2010 16:15:00 3.5 258 9.538

02.15.2010 16:45:00 5.6 244 9.514

02.15.2010 17:15:00 7.6 230 9.514

02.15.2010 17:45:00 6.7 221 9.491

02.15.2010 18:15:00 7.0 218 9.374

02.15.2010 18:45:00 10.3 213 9.280

02.15.2010 19:15:00 7.0 227 9.561

02.15.2010 19:45:00 7.3 226 9.631

02.15.2010 20:15:00 6.7 218 9.608

02.15.2010 20:45:00 7.3 222 9.608

02.15.2010 21:15:00 8.8 215 9.608

02.15.2010 21:45:00 8.5 216 9.608

02.15.2010 22:15:00 9.7 223 9.655

02.15.2010 22:45:00 9.4 219 9.608

02.15.2010 23:15:00 11.4 212 9.491

02.15.2010 23:45:00 11.1 217 9.538

218
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.16.2010 0:15:00 12.3 223 9.608

02.16.2010 0:45:00 10.9 222 9.631

02.16.2010 1:15:00 11.4 232 9.748

02.16.2010 1:45:00 10.9 228 9.748

02.16.2010 2:15:00 14.1 238 9.655

02.16.2010 2:45:00 16.1 252 9.655

02.16.2010 3:15:00 15.0 252 9.608

02.16.2010 3:45:00 14.4 251 9.538

02.16.2010 4:15:00 14.7 259 9.538

02.16.2010 4:45:00 13.2 267 9.561

02.16.2010 5:15:00 13.5 270 9.491

02.16.2010 5:45:00 12.0 268 9.421

02.16.2010 6:15:00 14.7 262 9.491

02.16.2010 6:45:00 14.1 262 9.491

02.16.2010 7:15:00 14.7 259 9.421

02.16.2010 7:45:00 15.0 258 9.467

02.16.2010 8:15:00 17.0 257 9.374

02.16.2010 8:45:00 17.0 262 9.350

02.16.2010 9:15:00 18.8 260 9.327

02.16.2010 9:45:00 18.8 263 9.280

02.16.2010 10:15:00 19.9 274 9.280

02.16.2010 10:45:00 20.8 265 9.233

02.16.2010 11:15:00 20.8 260 9.233

02.16.2010 11:45:00 19.9 261 9.233

02.16.2010 12:15:00 18.2 257 9.187

02.16.2010 12:45:00 18.2 251 9.116

02.16.2010 13:15:00 21.1 243 8.976

02.16.2010 13:45:00 24.6 245 8.930

02.16.2010 14:15:00 25.5 246 8.906

02.16.2010 14:45:00 28.5 248 8.906

02.16.2010 15:15:00 29.6 247 9.070

02.16.2010 15:45:00 29.3 246 9.046

02.16.2010 16:15:00 29.9 248 9.000

02.16.2010 16:45:00 28.7 250 9.046

02.16.2010 17:15:00 27.0 252 9.000

02.16.2010 17:45:00 25.5 256 8.953

02.16.2010 18:15:00 26.1 256 8.930

02.16.2010 18:45:00 28.2 258 8.930

02.16.2010 19:15:00 23.8 259 8.906

02.16.2010 19:45:00 24.3 259 8.930

02.16.2010 20:15:00 23.2 262 8.883

02.16.2010 20:45:00 23.5 256 8.883

02.16.2010 21:15:00 22.0 258 8.883

02.16.2010 21:45:00 19.1 267 8.813

02.16.2010 22:15:00 12.6 268 8.836

02.16.2010 22:45:00 12.3 259 8.836

02.16.2010 23:15:00 14.1 257 8.906

02.16.2010 23:45:00 11.1 262 8.883

219
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.17.2010 0:15:00 9.1 269 8.906

02.17.2010 0:45:00 12.0 266 8.906

02.17.2010 1:15:00 12.0 250 8.906

02.17.2010 1:45:00 12.6 238 9.000

02.17.2010 2:15:00 15.3 239 8.976

02.17.2010 2:45:00 13.8 239 9.000

02.17.2010 3:15:00 13.2 245 9.046

02.17.2010 3:45:00 14.4 235 9.046

02.17.2010 4:15:00 14.4 238 9.046

02.17.2010 4:45:00 15.5 237 8.976

02.17.2010 5:15:00 13.5 233 9.046

02.17.2010 5:45:00 17.3 235 9.070

02.17.2010 6:15:00 16.7 226 9.046

02.17.2010 6:45:00 18.5 225 9.093

02.17.2010 7:15:00 19.9 229 9.116

02.17.2010 7:45:00 19.4 228 9.163

02.17.2010 8:15:00 20.5 225 9.163

02.17.2010 8:45:00 20.5 224 9.187

02.17.2010 9:15:00 20.2 223 9.187

02.17.2010 9:45:00 19.7 224 9.257

02.17.2010 10:15:00 18.5 219 9.233

02.17.2010 10:45:00 18.2 227 9.233

02.17.2010 11:15:00 18.2 237 9.257

02.17.2010 11:45:00 16.7 237 9.257

02.17.2010 12:15:00 13.8 231 9.304

02.17.2010 12:45:00 12.9 235 9.327

02.17.2010 13:15:00 11.4 240 9.374

02.17.2010 13:45:00 11.4 252 9.350

02.17.2010 14:15:00 11.1 251 9.327

02.17.2010 14:45:00 10.0 248 9.374

02.17.2010 15:15:00 13.2 257 9.538

02.17.2010 15:45:00 12.6 261 9.421

02.17.2010 16:15:00 11.4 266 9.467

02.17.2010 16:45:00 7.0 269 9.350

02.17.2010 17:15:00 7.9 272 9.350

02.17.2010 17:45:00 5.6 267 9.350

02.17.2010 18:15:00 4.4 221 9.327

02.17.2010 18:45:00 6.2 213 9.327

02.17.2010 19:15:00 7.6 194 9.327

02.17.2010 19:45:00 5.6 217 9.327

02.17.2010 20:15:00 5.6 226 9.304

02.17.2010 20:45:00 5.6 245 9.233

02.17.2010 21:15:00 7.0 249 9.233

02.17.2010 21:45:00 10.0 259 9.233

02.17.2010 22:15:00 12.0 253 9.304

02.17.2010 22:45:00 14.1 245 9.350

02.17.2010 23:15:00 14.1 248 9.374

02.17.2010 23:45:00 16.1 250 9.350

220
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.18.2010 0:15:00 14.7 250 9.350

02.18.2010 0:45:00 14.4 244 9.327

02.18.2010 1:15:00 14.1 248 9.327

02.18.2010 1:45:00 14.7 246 9.304

02.18.2010 2:15:00 15.0 238 9.327

02.18.2010 2:45:00 14.1 231 9.327

02.18.2010 3:15:00 15.0 230 9.327

02.18.2010 3:45:00 13.8 239 9.327

02.18.2010 4:15:00 16.4 246 9.327

02.18.2010 4:45:00 15.3 240 9.304

02.18.2010 5:15:00 15.0 237 9.374

02.18.2010 5:45:00 15.5 244 9.280

02.18.2010 6:15:00 14.4 251 9.374

02.18.2010 6:45:00 15.5 252 9.374

02.18.2010 7:15:00 14.7 251 9.350

02.18.2010 7:45:00 10.3 253 9.304

02.18.2010 8:15:00 8.5 261 9.280

02.18.2010 8:45:00 7.0 249 9.280

02.18.2010 9:15:00 8.8 242 9.257

02.18.2010 9:45:00 7.9 242 9.257

02.18.2010 10:15:00 8.5 254 9.233

02.18.2010 10:45:00 9.1 255 9.233

02.18.2010 11:15:00 8.8 245 9.233

02.18.2010 11:45:00 9.1 246 9.233

02.18.2010 12:15:00 6.7 239 9.233

02.18.2010 12:45:00 9.4 238 9.233

02.18.2010 13:15:00 7.6 239 9.233

02.18.2010 13:45:00 5.9 232 9.187

02.18.2010 14:15:00 5.9 231 9.233

02.18.2010 14:45:00 7.0 231 9.233

02.18.2010 15:15:00 6.5 229 9.233

02.18.2010 15:45:00 6.5 227 9.187

02.18.2010 16:15:00 6.7 194 9.187

02.18.2010 16:45:00 7.3 176 9.046

02.18.2010 17:15:00 7.3 192 8.976

02.18.2010 17:45:00 8.8 184 9.070

02.18.2010 18:15:00 10.3 197 9.023

02.18.2010 18:45:00 10.0 199 9.000

02.18.2010 19:15:00 10.9 198 9.000

02.18.2010 19:45:00 10.9 201 8.953

02.18.2010 20:15:00 13.2 206 9.000

02.18.2010 20:45:00 10.9 208 9.116

02.18.2010 21:15:00 9.1 204 9.093

02.18.2010 21:45:00 10.0 209 9.233

02.18.2010 22:15:00 10.9 217 9.304

02.18.2010 22:45:00 15.3 227 9.257

02.18.2010 23:15:00 14.1 222 9.233

02.18.2010 23:45:00 14.1 223 9.257

221
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.19.2010 0:15:00 13.8 229 9.327

02.19.2010 0:45:00 14.7 232 9.304

02.19.2010 1:15:00 15.8 232 9.304

02.19.2010 1:45:00 16.4 233 9.280

02.19.2010 2:15:00 17.0 240 9.304

02.19.2010 2:45:00 15.5 246 9.257

02.19.2010 3:15:00 16.4 251 9.280

02.19.2010 3:45:00 16.1 248 9.187

02.19.2010 4:15:00 16.7 258 9.140

02.19.2010 4:45:00 17.9 252 9.187

02.19.2010 5:15:00 19.1 253 9.233

02.19.2010 5:45:00 18.5 258 9.116

02.19.2010 6:15:00 17.6 260 9.023

02.19.2010 6:45:00 18.5 256 9.000

02.19.2010 7:15:00 18.2 254 8.953

02.19.2010 7:45:00 19.1 254 9.023

02.19.2010 8:15:00 18.8 251 8.976

02.19.2010 8:45:00 22.3 256 8.930

02.19.2010 9:15:00 21.1 258 8.976

02.19.2010 9:45:00 21.7 256 9.000

02.19.2010 10:15:00 20.5 260 9.000

02.19.2010 10:45:00 22.6 261 8.976

02.19.2010 11:15:00 21.4 257 8.930

02.19.2010 11:45:00 20.5 262 8.883

02.19.2010 12:15:00 17.6 257 8.859

02.19.2010 12:45:00 17.6 261 8.883

02.19.2010 13:15:00 19.1 258 8.906

02.19.2010 13:45:00 18.8 252 8.930

02.19.2010 14:15:00 18.8 252 8.976

02.19.2010 14:45:00 20.2 249 9.000

02.19.2010 15:15:00 22.3 245 9.046

02.19.2010 15:45:00 22.0 250 9.000

02.19.2010 16:15:00 21.4 246 9.046

02.19.2010 16:45:00 22.9 246 9.046

02.19.2010 17:15:00 23.8 240 9.023

02.19.2010 17:45:00 23.2 242 9.093

02.19.2010 18:15:00 25.2 241 9.140

02.19.2010 18:45:00 24.6 241 9.116

02.19.2010 19:15:00 24.9 243 9.093

02.19.2010 19:45:00 26.1 242 9.140

02.19.2010 20:15:00 27.6 244 9.163

02.19.2010 20:45:00 28.2 245 9.140

02.19.2010 21:15:00 29.9 245 9.140

02.19.2010 21:45:00 31.7 245 9.187

02.19.2010 22:15:00 33.7 246 9.163

02.19.2010 22:45:00 31.7 246 9.187

02.19.2010 23:15:00 30.8 246 9.163

02.19.2010 23:45:00 33.1 249 9.187

222
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.20.2010 0:15:00 31.1 248 9.280

02.20.2010 0:45:00 31.7 250 9.280

02.20.2010 1:15:00 31.4 250 9.280

02.20.2010 1:45:00 30.2 252 9.374

02.20.2010 2:15:00 32.8 252 9.397

02.20.2010 2:45:00 31.7 253 9.397

02.20.2010 3:15:00 33.1 256 9.397

02.20.2010 3:45:00 31.7 257 9.421

02.20.2010 4:15:00 29.3 255 9.514

02.20.2010 4:45:00 27.3 256 9.421

02.20.2010 5:15:00 28.5 251 9.350

02.20.2010 5:45:00 27.0 254 9.350

02.20.2010 6:15:00 25.5 253 9.374

02.20.2010 6:45:00 26.1 249 9.280

02.20.2010 7:15:00 24.3 248 9.233

02.20.2010 7:45:00 24.1 250 9.233

02.20.2010 8:15:00 24.6 250 9.233

02.20.2010 8:45:00 26.1 245 9.257

02.20.2010 9:15:00 26.4 246 9.280

02.20.2010 9:45:00 26.1 245 9.304

02.20.2010 10:15:00 27.0 250 9.327

02.20.2010 10:45:00 27.6 248 9.350

02.20.2010 11:15:00 27.9 248 9.327

02.20.2010 11:45:00 26.4 252 9.374

02.20.2010 12:15:00 27.6 245 9.304

02.20.2010 12:45:00 24.9 248 9.280

02.20.2010 13:15:00 26.7 248 9.304

02.20.2010 13:45:00 23.8 255 9.280

02.20.2010 14:15:00 24.6 253 9.304

02.20.2010 14:45:00 25.5 251 9.280

02.20.2010 15:15:00 25.8 256 9.280

02.20.2010 15:45:00 25.8 253 9.187

02.20.2010 16:15:00 28.5 249 9.187

02.20.2010 16:45:00 27.9 248 9.304

02.20.2010 17:15:00 29.6 245 9.327

02.20.2010 17:45:00 29.0 248 9.397

02.20.2010 18:15:00 28.7 249 9.374

02.20.2010 18:45:00 29.3 247 9.421

02.20.2010 19:15:00 30.2 249 9.374

02.20.2010 19:45:00 32.8 248 9.491

02.20.2010 20:15:00 32.3 248 9.374

02.20.2010 20:45:00 32.3 253 9.397

02.20.2010 21:15:00 34.6 251 9.491

02.20.2010 21:45:00 34.0 248 9.491

02.20.2010 22:15:00 31.4 250 9.467

02.20.2010 22:45:00 32.0 249 9.444

02.20.2010 23:15:00 32.0 251 9.444

02.20.2010 23:45:00 30.5 254 9.467

223
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.21.2010 0:15:00 29.0 255 9.467

02.21.2010 0:45:00 29.3 253 9.467

02.21.2010 1:15:00 27.6 256 9.491

02.21.2010 1:45:00 25.8 255 9.491

02.21.2010 2:15:00 26.4 254 9.561

02.21.2010 2:45:00 26.7 251 9.538

02.21.2010 3:15:00 25.5 252 9.561

02.21.2010 3:45:00 25.2 252 9.608

02.21.2010 4:15:00 25.8 252 9.584

02.21.2010 4:45:00 24.1 258 9.725

02.21.2010 5:15:00 22.9 256 9.655

02.21.2010 5:45:00 20.8 256 9.631

02.21.2010 6:15:00 22.9 261 9.678

02.21.2010 6:45:00 22.9 257 9.631

02.21.2010 7:15:00 20.5 258 9.655

02.21.2010 7:45:00 20.2 261 9.655

02.21.2010 8:15:00 20.2 259 9.748

02.21.2010 8:45:00 21.1 258 9.702

02.21.2010 9:15:00 22.0 256 9.608

02.21.2010 9:45:00 21.7 255 9.631

02.21.2010 10:15:00 22.3 256 9.702

02.21.2010 10:45:00 19.7 257 9.584

02.21.2010 11:15:00 19.9 257 9.631

02.21.2010 11:45:00 18.2 262 9.702

02.21.2010 12:15:00 17.6 258 9.538

02.21.2010 12:45:00 18.2 254 9.561

02.21.2010 13:15:00 16.7 254 9.561

02.21.2010 13:45:00 19.9 254 9.561

02.21.2010 14:15:00 20.2 254 9.584

02.21.2010 14:45:00 20.8 250 9.631

02.21.2010 15:15:00 20.8 253 9.655

02.21.2010 15:45:00 21.7 256 9.631

02.21.2010 16:15:00 21.1 257 9.678

02.21.2010 16:45:00 19.7 258 9.702

02.21.2010 17:15:00 20.8 257 9.678

02.21.2010 17:45:00 22.6 259 9.702

02.21.2010 18:15:00 21.4 261 9.678

02.21.2010 18:45:00 24.3 254 9.655

02.21.2010 19:15:00 27.3 252 9.725

02.21.2010 19:45:00 28.2 252 9.678

02.21.2010 20:15:00 27.9 252 9.631

02.21.2010 20:45:00 26.7 251 9.631

02.21.2010 21:15:00 27.6 251 9.608

02.21.2010 21:45:00 26.7 254 9.584

02.21.2010 22:15:00 26.1 251 9.584

02.21.2010 22:45:00 27.0 252 9.584

02.21.2010 23:15:00 25.2 252 9.538

02.21.2010 23:45:00 24.3 251 9.514

224
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.22.2010 0:15:00 22.6 255 9.584

02.22.2010 0:45:00 22.9 256 9.561

02.22.2010 1:15:00 20.8 260 9.538

02.22.2010 1:45:00 20.2 260 9.538

02.22.2010 2:15:00 21.7 259 9.514

02.22.2010 2:45:00 20.5 263 9.514

02.22.2010 3:15:00 19.7 261 9.444

02.22.2010 3:45:00 16.7 269 9.350

02.22.2010 4:15:00 17.0 257 9.304

02.22.2010 4:45:00 18.5 258 9.374

02.22.2010 5:15:00 18.8 253 9.444

02.22.2010 5:45:00 16.1 262 9.421

02.22.2010 6:15:00 17.0 258 9.374

02.22.2010 6:45:00 18.5 251 9.538

02.22.2010 7:15:00 19.9 251 9.514

02.22.2010 7:45:00 20.2 249 9.538

02.22.2010 8:15:00 19.9 251 9.631

02.22.2010 8:45:00 20.5 259 9.584

02.22.2010 9:15:00 21.4 259 9.514

02.22.2010 9:45:00 19.9 264 9.608

02.22.2010 10:15:00 19.4 260 9.561

02.22.2010 10:45:00 18.2 257 9.561

02.22.2010 11:15:00 17.6 256 9.561

02.22.2010 11:45:00 17.3 255 9.561

02.22.2010 12:15:00 18.2 259 9.702

02.22.2010 12:45:00 18.2 260 9.561

02.22.2010 13:15:00 19.7 256 9.678

02.22.2010 13:45:00 22.3 256 9.866

02.22.2010 14:15:00 24.3 261 9.889

02.22.2010 14:45:00 23.5 256 9.772

02.22.2010 15:15:00 21.7 261 9.772

02.22.2010 15:45:00 22.0 261 9.725

02.22.2010 16:15:00 21.1 261 9.725

02.22.2010 16:45:00 21.7 256 9.725

02.22.2010 17:15:00 21.1 255 9.748

02.22.2010 17:45:00 20.5 256 9.631

02.22.2010 18:15:00 21.1 255 9.678

02.22.2010 18:45:00 22.6 254 9.702

02.22.2010 19:15:00 24.1 255 9.702

02.22.2010 19:45:00 26.7 248 9.725

02.22.2010 20:15:00 26.4 251 9.702

02.22.2010 20:45:00 26.4 252 9.748

02.22.2010 21:15:00 27.0 250 9.748

02.22.2010 21:45:00 26.7 254 9.748

02.22.2010 22:15:00 24.3 255 9.561

02.22.2010 22:45:00 23.8 257 9.631

02.22.2010 23:15:00 22.6 256 9.584

02.22.2010 23:45:00 21.7 255 9.561

225
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.23.2010 0:15:00 21.1 258 9.538

02.23.2010 0:45:00 20.8 259 9.561

02.23.2010 1:15:00 23.2 255 9.631

02.23.2010 1:45:00 22.3 259 9.655

02.23.2010 2:15:00 19.1 258 9.561

02.23.2010 2:45:00 20.8 257 9.514

02.23.2010 3:15:00 20.2 260 9.584

02.23.2010 3:45:00 21.1 258 9.538

02.23.2010 4:15:00 23.2 254 9.444

02.23.2010 4:45:00 22.3 258 9.421

02.23.2010 5:15:00 26.4 253 9.467

02.23.2010 5:45:00 26.4 253 9.702

02.23.2010 6:15:00 26.1 256 9.538

02.23.2010 6:45:00 27.6 259 9.631

02.23.2010 7:15:00 29.3 259 9.538

02.23.2010 7:45:00 28.5 255 9.514

02.23.2010 8:15:00 26.4 257 9.514

02.23.2010 8:45:00 26.7 258 9.491

02.23.2010 9:15:00 25.2 257 9.444

02.23.2010 9:45:00 27.6 254 9.397

02.23.2010 10:15:00 25.8 257 9.374

02.23.2010 10:45:00 25.8 258 9.327

02.23.2010 11:15:00 26.4 263 9.397

02.23.2010 11:45:00 25.8 258 9.514

02.23.2010 12:15:00 27.0 258 9.584

02.23.2010 12:45:00 27.0 262 9.561

02.23.2010 13:15:00 24.9 262 9.444

02.23.2010 13:45:00 24.9 257 9.421

02.23.2010 14:15:00 25.8 259 9.327

02.23.2010 14:45:00 24.6 256 9.491

02.23.2010 15:15:00 24.9 253 9.467

02.23.2010 15:45:00 27.0 250 9.444

02.23.2010 16:15:00 27.3 249 9.327

02.23.2010 16:45:00 27.9 250 9.608

02.23.2010 17:15:00 27.9 251 9.397

02.23.2010 17:45:00 28.2 251 9.467

02.23.2010 18:15:00 29.6 251 9.421

02.23.2010 18:45:00 29.3 253 9.561

02.23.2010 19:15:00 28.2 252 9.467

02.23.2010 19:45:00 27.9 253 9.514

02.23.2010 20:15:00 25.2 252 9.467

02.23.2010 20:45:00 24.1 257 9.514

02.23.2010 21:15:00 23.8 254 9.561

02.23.2010 21:45:00 22.0 257 9.467

02.23.2010 22:15:00 21.4 259 9.467

02.23.2010 22:45:00 19.1 268 9.467

02.23.2010 23:15:00 17.9 264 9.514

02.23.2010 23:45:00 16.7 264 9.444

226
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.24.2010 0:15:00 18.5 267 9.421

02.24.2010 0:45:00 17.6 264 9.397

02.24.2010 1:15:00 17.0 265 9.444

02.24.2010 1:45:00 16.7 268 9.397

02.24.2010 2:15:00 19.1 273 9.421

02.24.2010 2:45:00 18.8 261 9.655

02.24.2010 3:15:00 20.2 262 9.655

02.24.2010 3:45:00 18.5 262 9.655

02.24.2010 4:15:00 16.7 260 9.538

02.24.2010 4:45:00 15.8 263 9.538

02.24.2010 5:15:00 13.5 268 9.584

02.24.2010 5:45:00 13.8 269 9.608

02.24.2010 6:15:00 12.3 267 9.561

02.24.2010 6:45:00 9.4 268 9.561

02.24.2010 7:15:00 9.1 260 9.584

02.24.2010 7:45:00 8.2 255 9.608

02.24.2010 8:15:00 8.8 257 9.702

02.24.2010 8:45:00 10.0 261 9.866

02.24.2010 9:15:00 12.0 259 9.866

02.24.2010 9:45:00 12.9 268 9.912

02.24.2010 10:15:00 10.6 275 9.819

02.24.2010 10:45:00 4.4 320 9.467

02.24.2010 11:15:00 3.5 246 9.655

02.24.2010 11:45:00 4.7 247 9.772

02.24.2010 12:15:00 5.9 249 9.889

02.24.2010 12:45:00 10.0 259 10.030

02.24.2010 13:15:00 10.9 253 9.959

02.24.2010 13:45:00 12.0 262 9.866

02.24.2010 14:15:00 10.9 267 9.842

02.24.2010 14:45:00 9.4 274 9.819

02.24.2010 15:15:00 8.5 277 9.819

02.24.2010 15:45:00 9.7 265 9.819

02.24.2010 16:15:00 6.2 285 9.795

02.24.2010 16:45:00 4.4 291 9.678

02.24.2010 17:15:00 6.2 275 9.608

02.24.2010 17:45:00 8.2 258 9.842

02.24.2010 18:15:00 8.2 268 9.842

02.24.2010 18:45:00 9.1 269 9.748

02.24.2010 19:15:00 7.3 260 9.842

02.24.2010 19:45:00 10.0 258 9.866

02.24.2010 20:15:00 10.6 255 9.889

02.24.2010 20:45:00 10.3 242 10.006

02.24.2010 21:15:00 9.4 238 10.053

02.24.2010 21:45:00 8.8 252 10.053

02.24.2010 22:15:00 8.5 250 9.936

02.24.2010 22:45:00 4.4 229 9.842

02.24.2010 23:15:00 4.7 234 9.866

02.24.2010 23:45:00 6.5 250 9.959

227
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.25.2010 0:15:00 7.6 252 9.959

02.25.2010 0:45:00 8.2 259 9.936

02.25.2010 1:15:00 7.6 264 9.936

02.25.2010 1:45:00 5.6 259 9.795

02.25.2010 2:15:00 5.0 255 9.748

02.25.2010 2:45:00 6.7 254 9.795

02.25.2010 3:15:00 7.6 245 9.959

02.25.2010 3:45:00 5.6 267 9.936

02.25.2010 4:15:00 8.5 255 9.936

02.25.2010 4:45:00 6.2 266 9.959

02.25.2010 5:15:00 4.7 258 9.936

02.25.2010 5:45:00 5.0 305 9.936

02.25.2010 6:15:00 5.9 296 9.936

02.25.2010 6:45:00 5.9 290 10.030

02.25.2010 7:15:00 5.9 280 9.936

02.25.2010 7:45:00 8.8 292 9.702

02.25.2010 8:15:00 10.0 318 9.631

02.25.2010 8:45:00 9.7 329 9.514

02.25.2010 9:15:00 9.4 323 9.257

02.25.2010 9:45:00 10.0 329 9.187

02.25.2010 10:15:00 8.2 328 9.233

02.25.2010 10:45:00 4.4 318 9.257

02.25.2010 11:15:00 1.2 092 9.140

02.25.2010 11:45:00 0.6 295 9.187

02.25.2010 12:15:00 2.3 299 9.187

02.25.2010 12:45:00 1.5 299 9.187

02.25.2010 13:15:00 1.2 239 9.304

02.25.2010 13:45:00 5.3 193 9.561

02.25.2010 14:15:00 5.0 196 9.514

02.25.2010 14:45:00 5.3 226 9.538

02.25.2010 15:15:00 5.3 229 9.514

02.25.2010 15:45:00 4.4 246 9.561

02.25.2010 16:15:00 2.1 334 9.327

02.25.2010 16:45:00 5.9 014 9.233

02.25.2010 17:15:00 5.0 017 9.163

02.25.2010 17:45:00 2.3 009 9.187

02.25.2010 18:15:00 3.5 305 9.187

02.25.2010 18:45:00 5.3 239 9.327

02.25.2010 19:15:00 5.3 244 9.397

02.25.2010 19:45:00 4.1 221 9.327

02.25.2010 20:15:00 2.9 249 9.350

02.25.2010 20:45:00 1.8 248 9.163

02.25.2010 21:15:00 3.8 223 9.374

02.25.2010 21:45:00 4.1 259 9.491

02.25.2010 22:15:00 6.2 304 9.374

02.25.2010 22:45:00 5.9 318 9.350

02.25.2010 23:15:00 4.7 338 9.350

02.25.2010 23:45:00 4.7 319 9.257

228
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.26.2010 0:15:00 3.2 318 9.187

02.26.2010 0:45:00 2.9 283 9.187

02.26.2010 1:15:00 3.5 353 9.327

02.26.2010 1:45:00 0.6 226 9.374

02.26.2010 2:15:00 0.6 336 9.374

02.26.2010 2:45:00 2.6 021 9.374

02.26.2010 3:15:00 5.0 358 9.233

02.26.2010 3:45:00 2.6 351 9.327

02.26.2010 4:15:00 3.5 018 9.257

02.26.2010 4:45:00 6.7 014 9.116

02.26.2010 5:15:00 3.5 002 9.116

02.26.2010 5:45:00 1.8 004 9.140

02.26.2010 6:15:00 1.8 329 9.187

02.26.2010 6:45:00 2.3 001 9.280

02.26.2010 7:15:00 3.8 030 9.187

02.26.2010 7:45:00 2.3 032 9.140

02.26.2010 8:15:00 2.3 022 9.163

02.26.2010 8:45:00 0.6 067 9.187

02.26.2010 9:15:00 2.3 307 9.280

02.26.2010 9:45:00 3.8 336 9.280

02.26.2010 10:15:00 6.2 008 9.187

02.26.2010 10:45:00 4.7 018 9.116

02.26.2010 11:15:00 2.6 010 9.116

02.26.2010 11:45:00 1.5 003 9.116

02.26.2010 12:15:00 1.2 034 9.140

02.26.2010 12:45:00 1.5 081 9.093

02.26.2010 13:15:00 0.9 149 9.140

02.26.2010 13:45:00 2.6 187 9.187

02.26.2010 14:15:00 4.4 192 9.163

02.26.2010 14:45:00 1.8 242 9.187

02.26.2010 15:15:00 2.1 277 9.187

02.26.2010 15:45:00 2.1 221 9.187

02.26.2010 16:15:00 1.5 271 9.187

02.26.2010 16:45:00 2.1 276 9.187

02.26.2010 17:15:00 0.6 247 9.187

02.26.2010 17:45:00 0.9 353 9.187

02.26.2010 18:15:00 1.5 011 9.187

02.26.2010 18:45:00 0.9 050 9.187

02.26.2010 19:15:00 1.5 040 9.187

02.26.2010 19:45:00 1.2 331 9.187

02.26.2010 20:15:00 1.2 223 9.163

02.26.2010 20:45:00 0.3 357 9.163

02.26.2010 21:15:00 0.9 226 9.187

02.26.2010 21:45:00 2.1 172 9.187

02.26.2010 22:15:00 1.2 049 9.093

02.26.2010 22:45:00 0.9 060 9.140

02.26.2010 23:15:00 1.2 149 9.140

02.26.2010 23:45:00 2.9 187 9.163

229
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.27.2010 0:15:00 3.2 208 9.233

02.27.2010 0:45:00 4.4 220 9.163

02.27.2010 1:15:00 2.9 220 9.140

02.27.2010 1:45:00 2.6 235 9.163

02.27.2010 2:15:00 3.5 236 9.280

02.27.2010 2:45:00 4.1 260 9.280

02.27.2010 3:15:00 5.0 230 9.304

02.27.2010 3:45:00 7.0 223 9.280

02.27.2010 4:15:00 6.5 243 9.163

02.27.2010 4:45:00 8.8 246 9.280

02.27.2010 5:15:00 7.6 233 9.280

02.27.2010 5:45:00 9.4 241 9.233

02.27.2010 6:15:00 7.9 244 9.233

02.27.2010 6:45:00 7.3 255 9.187

02.27.2010 7:15:00 8.2 257 9.233

02.27.2010 7:45:00 12.9 245 9.304

02.27.2010 8:15:00 13.2 254 9.280

02.27.2010 8:45:00 12.0 254 9.280

02.27.2010 9:15:00 13.2 256 9.187

02.27.2010 9:45:00 14.4 261 9.233

02.27.2010 10:15:00 15.0 260 9.233

02.27.2010 10:45:00 16.4 261 9.304

02.27.2010 11:15:00 19.9 262 9.233

02.27.2010 11:45:00 18.5 259 9.233

02.27.2010 12:15:00 20.8 257 9.257

02.27.2010 12:45:00 22.9 258 9.421

02.27.2010 13:15:00 22.9 258 9.304

02.27.2010 13:45:00 22.0 263 9.280

02.27.2010 14:15:00 24.3 260 9.374

02.27.2010 14:45:00 23.2 257 9.304

02.27.2010 15:15:00 24.6 259 9.374

02.27.2010 15:45:00 24.3 259 9.070

02.27.2010 16:15:00 23.2 258 8.976

02.27.2010 16:45:00 25.5 256 9.046

02.27.2010 17:15:00 24.9 256 9.093

02.27.2010 17:45:00 25.8 255 8.930

02.27.2010 18:15:00 28.2 255 9.116

02.27.2010 18:45:00 28.5 255 8.930

02.27.2010 19:15:00 30.8 253 9.023

02.27.2010 19:45:00 29.6 249 9.163

02.27.2010 20:15:00 28.5 254 9.140

02.27.2010 20:45:00 28.5 254 9.163

02.27.2010 21:15:00 29.0 251 9.116

02.27.2010 21:45:00 28.7 252 8.976

02.27.2010 22:15:00 27.6 254 9.116

02.27.2010 22:45:00 26.1 250 9.046

02.27.2010 23:15:00 25.8 249 9.233

02.27.2010 23:45:00 24.6 252 9.070

230
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

02.28.2010 0:15:00 21.1 252 9.140

02.28.2010 0:45:00 21.7 249 9.187

02.28.2010 1:15:00 21.7 247 9.140

02.28.2010 1:45:00 24.3 247 9.187

02.28.2010 2:15:00 22.9 248 9.421

02.28.2010 2:45:00 26.7 249 9.374

02.28.2010 3:15:00 27.3 246 9.327

02.28.2010 3:45:00 27.3 245 9.163

02.28.2010 4:15:00 26.4 245 9.280

02.28.2010 4:45:00 25.2 245 9.327

02.28.2010 5:15:00 27.0 245 9.374

02.28.2010 5:45:00 29.0 244 9.491

02.28.2010 6:15:00 29.6 249 9.491

02.28.2010 6:45:00 30.2 252 9.702

02.28.2010 7:15:00 30.5 252 9.467

02.28.2010 7:45:00 29.6 255 9.608

02.28.2010 8:15:00 27.3 254 9.631

02.28.2010 8:45:00 26.4 254 9.561

02.28.2010 9:15:00 23.5 262 9.514

02.28.2010 9:45:00 20.2 265 9.584

02.28.2010 10:15:00 17.9 265 9.514

02.28.2010 10:45:00 17.6 266 9.514

02.28.2010 11:15:00 17.3 262 9.467

02.28.2010 11:45:00 15.3 265 9.397

02.28.2010 12:15:00 13.8 267 9.538

02.28.2010 12:45:00 14.1 263 9.608

02.28.2010 13:15:00 12.9 268 9.748

02.28.2010 13:45:00 13.2 268 9.772

02.28.2010 14:15:00 14.7 269 9.889

02.28.2010 14:45:00 12.3 267 9.866

02.28.2010 15:15:00 13.5 269 9.959

02.28.2010 15:45:00 12.6 261 9.912

02.28.2010 16:15:00 13.8 260 9.936

02.28.2010 16:45:00 12.0 252 9.983

02.28.2010 17:15:00 12.3 257 9.959

02.28.2010 17:45:00 11.1 254 9.983

02.28.2010 18:15:00 11.1 246 10.006

02.28.2010 18:45:00 11.4 245 10.006

02.28.2010 19:15:00 10.9 239 9.889

02.28.2010 19:45:00 7.9 234 10.053

02.28.2010 20:15:00 8.8 223 10.170

02.28.2010 20:45:00 7.6 220 10.170

02.28.2010 21:15:00 9.7 217 10.194

02.28.2010 21:45:00 9.1 220 10.147

02.28.2010 22:15:00 8.8 216 10.217

02.28.2010 22:45:00 8.8 210 10.217

02.28.2010 23:15:00 9.7 205 10.194

02.28.2010 23:45:00 7.6 222 10.217

231
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/3/2010 0:15:00 9.1 226 10.264

1/3/2010 0:45:00 7.9 234 10.476

1/3/2010 1:15:00 8.5 244 10.593

1/3/2010 1:45:00 7.6 246 10.570

1/3/2010 2:15:00 5.6 266 10.593

1/3/2010 2:45:00 5.3 254 10.617

1/3/2010 3:15:00 6.5 254 10.640

1/3/2010 3:45:00 6.2 258 10.546

1/3/2010 4:15:00 3.5 251 10.570

1/3/2010 4:45:00 2.6 258 10.546

1/3/2010 5:15:00 1.2 242 10.523

1/3/2010 5:45:00 3.8 237 10.640

1/3/2010 6:15:00 3.2 211 10.593

1/3/2010 6:45:00 5.0 204 10.711

1/3/2010 7:15:00 5.6 206 10.758

1/3/2010 7:45:00 3.2 216 10.758

1/3/2010 8:15:00 1.8 212 10.711

1/3/2010 8:45:00 2.3 001 10.523

1/3/2010 9:15:00 4.4 005 10.311

1/3/2010 9:45:00 2.9 008 10.429

1/3/2010 10:15:00 2.1 030 10.523

1/3/2010 10:45:00 2.9 352 10.288

1/3/2010 11:15:00 0.3 133 10.217

1/3/2010 11:45:00 2.6 091 9.936

1/3/2010 12:15:00 5.3 106 9.842

1/3/2010 12:45:00 5.9 111 9.889

1/3/2010 13:15:00 6.7 109 9.725

1/3/2010 13:45:00 7.3 130 9.866

1/3/2010 14:15:00 8.2 130 9.819

1/3/2010 14:45:00 8.8 128 9.889

1/3/2010 15:15:00 10.9 135 9.936

1/3/2010 15:45:00 9.4 133 9.936

1/3/2010 16:15:00 8.5 133 9.983

1/3/2010 16:45:00 9.1 137 9.959

1/3/2010 17:15:00 7.0 127 9.959

1/3/2010 17:45:00 6.2 124 9.983

1/3/2010 18:15:00 7.6 119 9.959

1/3/2010 18:45:00 5.9 128 10.100

1/3/2010 19:15:00 5.3 111 10.077

1/3/2010 19:45:00 6.7 111 10.100

1/3/2010 20:15:00 7.3 117 10.100

1/3/2010 20:45:00 6.7 113 10.053

1/3/2010 21:15:00 5.6 113 10.077

1/3/2010 21:45:00 7.3 121 10.170

1/3/2010 22:15:00 5.6 099 9.936

1/3/2010 22:45:00 5.9 115 9.983

1/3/2010 23:15:00 5.9 114 10.053

1/3/2010 23:45:00 8.8 127 10.124

232
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/3/2010 0:15:00 8.8 131 10.288

2/3/2010 0:45:00 9.4 133 10.241

2/3/2010 1:15:00 8.2 142 10.077

2/3/2010 1:45:00 8.8 130 9.936

2/3/2010 2:15:00 7.0 127 9.889

2/3/2010 2:45:00 6.5 145 10.053

2/3/2010 3:15:00 7.3 153 10.100

2/3/2010 3:45:00 3.8 169 10.311

2/3/2010 4:15:00 5.9 168 10.570

2/3/2010 4:45:00 3.2 166 10.382

2/3/2010 5:15:00 5.0 313 10.358

2/3/2010 5:45:00 10.0 320 10.782

2/3/2010 6:15:00 3.8 299 10.711

2/3/2010 6:45:00 5.3 321 10.570

2/3/2010 7:15:00 8.5 344 10.241

2/3/2010 7:45:00 5.9 345 10.264

2/3/2010 8:15:00 1.5 338 10.382

2/3/2010 8:45:00 2.1 049 10.452

2/3/2010 9:15:00 2.1 168 10.405

2/3/2010 9:45:00 3.2 185 10.382

2/3/2010 10:15:00 2.3 177 10.405

2/3/2010 10:45:00 2.1 182 10.124

2/3/2010 11:15:00 1.5 343 10.124

2/3/2010 11:45:00 2.9 313 10.311

2/3/2010 12:15:00 3.2 279 10.358

2/3/2010 12:45:00 4.7 236 10.288

2/3/2010 13:15:00 6.7 236 10.264

2/3/2010 13:45:00 6.2 224 10.311

2/3/2010 14:15:00 8.5 240 10.758

2/3/2010 14:45:00 7.0 236 10.734

2/3/2010 15:15:00 7.9 236 10.711

2/3/2010 15:45:00 10.0 228 10.758

2/3/2010 16:15:00 12.0 231 10.782

2/3/2010 16:45:00 12.0 232 10.782

2/3/2010 17:15:00 12.6 236 10.899

2/3/2010 17:45:00 14.4 245 10.923

2/3/2010 18:15:00 12.9 243 10.758

2/3/2010 18:45:00 13.2 239 10.687

2/3/2010 19:15:00 13.2 250 10.876

2/3/2010 19:45:00 14.4 252 10.734

2/3/2010 20:15:00 15.0 252 10.687

2/3/2010 20:45:00 15.5 263 10.711

2/3/2010 21:15:00 14.1 257 10.499

2/3/2010 21:45:00 12.6 247 10.617

2/3/2010 22:15:00 16.4 255 10.382

2/3/2010 22:45:00 17.9 259 10.382

2/3/2010 23:15:00 19.4 256 10.335

2/3/2010 23:45:00 22.3 254 10.405

233
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/3/2010 0:15:00 23.8 255 10.311

3/3/2010 0:45:00 24.9 257 10.405

3/3/2010 1:15:00 24.1 255 10.382

3/3/2010 1:45:00 24.3 257 10.358

3/3/2010 2:15:00 21.4 259 10.170

3/3/2010 2:45:00 20.5 260 10.100

3/3/2010 3:15:00 19.7 265 10.217

3/3/2010 3:45:00 19.4 261 10.147

3/3/2010 4:15:00 18.8 267 10.100

3/3/2010 4:45:00 15.5 271 10.030

3/3/2010 5:15:00 13.8 284 10.147

3/3/2010 5:45:00 13.2 282 10.053

3/3/2010 6:15:00 12.0 282 10.100

3/3/2010 6:45:00 12.9 293 10.030

3/3/2010 7:15:00 10.9 303 10.030

3/3/2010 7:45:00 11.7 302 10.030

3/3/2010 8:15:00 10.9 306 10.030

3/3/2010 8:45:00 9.7 302 10.030

3/3/2010 9:15:00 9.1 297 10.006

3/3/2010 9:45:00 7.9 303 10.217

3/3/2010 10:15:00 8.5 308 10.217

3/3/2010 10:45:00 6.5 337 10.100

3/3/2010 11:15:00 3.2 341 10.006

3/3/2010 11:45:00 3.2 070 10.006

3/3/2010 12:15:00 2.3 131 9.912

3/3/2010 12:45:00 2.3 173 10.053

3/3/2010 13:15:00 3.5 205 10.077

3/3/2010 13:45:00 3.8 198 10.217

3/3/2010 14:15:00 3.2 156 9.983

3/3/2010 14:45:00 1.5 112 9.959

3/3/2010 15:15:00 4.7 136 9.959

3/3/2010 15:45:00 4.1 150 9.936

3/3/2010 16:15:00 4.4 136 10.006

3/3/2010 16:45:00 5.0 116 9.912

3/3/2010 17:15:00 4.7 088 9.772

3/3/2010 17:45:00 4.4 076 9.608

3/3/2010 18:15:00 3.8 053 9.561

3/3/2010 18:45:00 4.4 069 9.631

3/3/2010 19:15:00 6.5 089 9.631

3/3/2010 19:45:00 7.9 102 9.584

3/3/2010 20:15:00 8.8 116 9.538

3/3/2010 20:45:00 7.9 104 9.538

3/3/2010 21:15:00 8.5 115 9.514

3/3/2010 21:45:00 8.8 129 9.491

3/3/2010 22:15:00 9.7 129 9.421

3/3/2010 22:45:00 9.1 137 9.444

3/3/2010 23:15:00 9.1 125 9.421

3/3/2010 23:45:00 9.1 112 9.491

234
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/3/2010 0:15:00 10.6 098 9.327

4/3/2010 0:45:00 8.8 101 9.327

4/3/2010 1:15:00 9.7 103 9.421

4/3/2010 1:45:00 8.2 107 9.304

4/3/2010 2:15:00 11.4 117 9.327

4/3/2010 2:45:00 11.4 115 9.374

4/3/2010 3:15:00 10.0 110 9.233

4/3/2010 3:45:00 12.0 115 9.280

4/3/2010 4:15:00 10.6 125 9.304

4/3/2010 4:45:00 11.7 109 9.327

4/3/2010 5:15:00 11.4 114 9.421

4/3/2010 5:45:00 11.4 115 9.444

4/3/2010 6:15:00 11.1 106 9.444

4/3/2010 6:45:00 10.3 102 9.421

4/3/2010 7:15:00 11.7 103 9.444

4/3/2010 7:45:00 10.9 079 9.350

4/3/2010 8:15:00 9.4 078 9.561

4/3/2010 8:45:00 10.9 067 9.070

4/3/2010 9:15:00 14.4 072 9.350

4/3/2010 9:45:00 12.6 074 9.070

4/3/2010 10:15:00 12.9 076 9.093

4/3/2010 10:45:00 13.8 073 9.000

4/3/2010 11:15:00 15.3 071 8.930

4/3/2010 11:45:00 15.0 068 8.906

4/3/2010 12:15:00 17.3 071 8.836

4/3/2010 12:45:00 17.6 074 9.000

4/3/2010 13:15:00 16.7 081 8.906

4/3/2010 13:45:00 17.3 083 8.906

4/3/2010 14:15:00 16.4 091 8.859

4/3/2010 14:45:00 17.9 089 8.976

4/3/2010 15:15:00 18.2 097 8.883

4/3/2010 15:45:00 17.0 100 9.046

4/3/2010 16:15:00 17.0 097 8.976

4/3/2010 16:45:00 18.2 100 8.976

4/3/2010 17:15:00 18.5 102 9.140

4/3/2010 17:45:00 19.1 101 9.070

4/3/2010 18:15:00 16.4 101 9.093

4/3/2010 18:45:00 17.0 086 9.187

4/3/2010 19:15:00 15.0 082 9.140

4/3/2010 19:45:00 13.5 081 8.953

4/3/2010 20:15:00 13.5 077 9.093

4/3/2010 20:45:00 13.5 069 8.930

4/3/2010 21:15:00 14.7 067 8.859

4/3/2010 21:45:00 12.9 050 8.813

4/3/2010 22:15:00 14.1 051 8.836

4/3/2010 22:45:00 14.7 058 8.953

4/3/2010 23:15:00 12.6 054 8.976

4/3/2010 23:45:00 12.6 052 8.976

235
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/3/2010 0:15:00 13.2 060 9.000

5/3/2010 0:45:00 14.4 066 9.000

5/3/2010 1:15:00 14.7 071 8.953

5/3/2010 1:45:00 12.0 072 8.906

5/3/2010 2:15:00 11.4 071 8.906

5/3/2010 2:45:00 10.0 076 8.836

5/3/2010 3:15:00 6.5 091 8.976

5/3/2010 3:45:00 8.2 091 8.836

5/3/2010 4:15:00 6.7 082 8.813

5/3/2010 4:45:00 6.5 081 9.000

5/3/2010 5:15:00 8.8 091 9.374

5/3/2010 5:45:00 9.7 090 9.467

5/3/2010 6:15:00 9.7 089 9.304

5/3/2010 6:45:00 6.5 084 9.187

5/3/2010 7:15:00 4.4 075 9.304

5/3/2010 7:45:00 6.2 060 9.327

5/3/2010 8:15:00 6.2 055 9.187

5/3/2010 8:45:00 5.0 019 9.163

5/3/2010 9:15:00 5.0 036 9.491

5/3/2010 9:45:00 6.5 069 9.491

5/3/2010 10:15:00 6.5 062 9.397

5/3/2010 10:45:00 4.1 024 9.280

5/3/2010 11:15:00 3.8 034 9.327

5/3/2010 11:45:00 5.3 031 9.374

5/3/2010 12:15:00 5.9 030 9.327

5/3/2010 12:45:00 4.7 029 9.280

5/3/2010 13:15:00 3.2 015 9.257

5/3/2010 13:45:00 3.5 010 9.187

5/3/2010 14:15:00 6.5 013 9.070

5/3/2010 14:45:00 7.3 351 9.304

5/3/2010 15:15:00 4.7 012 9.327

5/3/2010 15:45:00 3.8 026 9.280

5/3/2010 16:15:00 4.7 006 9.000

5/3/2010 16:45:00 3.8 352 8.953

5/3/2010 17:15:00 0.0 246 8.953

5/3/2010 17:45:00 0.3 137 9.000

5/3/2010 18:15:00 0.9 139 9.000

5/3/2010 18:45:00 0.6 102 8.953

5/3/2010 19:15:00 1.2 320 8.976

5/3/2010 19:45:00 2.9 302 9.046

5/3/2010 20:15:00 2.3 325 9.046

5/3/2010 20:45:00 3.5 317 8.906

5/3/2010 21:15:00 3.5 333 8.906

5/3/2010 21:45:00 4.4 004 8.906

5/3/2010 22:15:00 1.2 042 8.930

5/3/2010 22:45:00 1.5 019 8.906

5/3/2010 23:15:00 1.8 335 8.930

5/3/2010 23:45:00 1.2 310 8.976

236
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/3/2010 0:15:00 0.6 355 8.953

6/3/2010 0:45:00 2.1 039 8.930

6/3/2010 1:15:00 1.2 266 8.953

6/3/2010 1:45:00 0.6 288 8.953

6/3/2010 2:15:00 1.8 281 8.930

6/3/2010 2:45:00 3.2 288 8.906

6/3/2010 3:15:00 0.9 255 8.953

6/3/2010 3:45:00 2.1 217 8.953

6/3/2010 4:15:00 2.1 210 8.953

6/3/2010 4:45:00 3.2 208 8.976

6/3/2010 5:15:00 2.9 194 8.976

6/3/2010 5:45:00 3.8 207 8.859

6/3/2010 6:15:00 2.3 181 8.859

6/3/2010 6:45:00 2.9 212 8.836

6/3/2010 7:15:00 4.7 212 8.883

6/3/2010 7:45:00 6.2 206 8.859

6/3/2010 8:15:00 6.2 221 8.719

6/3/2010 8:45:00 5.0 223 8.906

6/3/2010 9:15:00 6.2 245 8.859

6/3/2010 9:45:00 6.7 241 9.023

6/3/2010 10:15:00 9.1 224 9.116

6/3/2010 10:45:00 8.5 251 9.140

6/3/2010 11:15:00 8.8 262 9.304

6/3/2010 11:45:00 7.3 257 9.257

6/3/2010 12:15:00 9.1 268 9.070

6/3/2010 12:45:00 9.1 278 9.116

6/3/2010 13:15:00 7.0 271 9.046

6/3/2010 13:45:00 9.4 271 9.116

6/3/2010 14:15:00 10.0 259 9.046

6/3/2010 14:45:00 10.0 274 9.000

6/3/2010 15:15:00 13.2 273 9.187

6/3/2010 15:45:00 11.1 264 9.233

6/3/2010 16:15:00 10.6 282 9.116

6/3/2010 16:45:00 12.3 266 9.304

6/3/2010 17:15:00 11.4 277 9.093

6/3/2010 17:45:00 10.9 279 9.187

6/3/2010 18:15:00 7.3 280 9.233

6/3/2010 18:45:00 7.0 282 9.280

6/3/2010 19:15:00 8.2 296 9.187

6/3/2010 19:45:00 9.4 296 9.163

6/3/2010 20:15:00 10.3 285 8.836

6/3/2010 20:45:00 14.7 276 8.789

6/3/2010 21:15:00 15.0 277 8.813

6/3/2010 21:45:00 12.6 271 8.976

6/3/2010 22:15:00 13.2 270 8.859

6/3/2010 22:45:00 13.5 275 8.930

6/3/2010 23:15:00 9.4 275 9.093

6/3/2010 23:45:00 10.9 277 8.906

237
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/3/2010 0:15:00 9.1 287 8.953

7/3/2010 0:45:00 11.1 275 8.743

7/3/2010 1:15:00 11.1 273 8.906

7/3/2010 1:45:00 6.7 267 9.233

7/3/2010 2:15:00 5.0 282 9.187

7/3/2010 2:45:00 3.5 284 9.093

7/3/2010 3:15:00 3.5 251 9.116

7/3/2010 3:45:00 2.9 224 9.116

7/3/2010 4:15:00 2.3 251 9.163

7/3/2010 4:45:00 3.8 296 9.116

7/3/2010 5:15:00 6.2 264 9.070

7/3/2010 5:45:00 6.7 267 9.046

7/3/2010 6:15:00 8.2 271 8.976

7/3/2010 6:45:00 7.0 291 8.976

7/3/2010 7:15:00 7.9 284 8.953

7/3/2010 7:45:00 8.8 281 8.859

7/3/2010 8:15:00 12.0 278 8.930

7/3/2010 8:45:00 10.0 276 8.930

7/3/2010 9:15:00 12.3 267 8.626

7/3/2010 9:45:00 15.8 264 8.836

7/3/2010 10:15:00 15.0 264 8.906

7/3/2010 10:45:00 15.5 262 8.789

7/3/2010 11:15:00 15.0 272 8.859

7/3/2010 11:45:00 11.1 279 9.023

7/3/2010 12:15:00 10.0 278 9.023

7/3/2010 12:45:00 11.7 281 9.070

7/3/2010 13:15:00 10.9 284 9.070

7/3/2010 13:45:00 10.6 285 9.000

7/3/2010 14:15:00 10.9 277 9.046

7/3/2010 14:45:00 10.6 276 9.046

7/3/2010 15:15:00 9.4 269 8.976

7/3/2010 15:45:00 10.0 270 9.093

7/3/2010 16:15:00 7.6 282 9.163

7/3/2010 16:45:00 7.9 259 9.093

7/3/2010 17:15:00 6.2 261 9.093

7/3/2010 17:45:00 6.5 266 9.093

7/3/2010 18:15:00 7.6 250 9.093

7/3/2010 18:45:00 7.3 250 9.116

7/3/2010 19:15:00 7.6 244 9.140

7/3/2010 19:45:00 7.6 263 9.140

7/3/2010 20:15:00 9.4 258 9.140

7/3/2010 20:45:00 9.7 261 9.140

7/3/2010 21:15:00 9.1 258 9.163

7/3/2010 21:45:00 9.7 263 9.140

7/3/2010 22:15:00 9.7 275 9.187

7/3/2010 22:45:00 9.4 268 9.140

7/3/2010 23:15:00 10.9 282 9.233

7/3/2010 23:45:00 11.4 288 9.233

238
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/3/2010 0:15:00 9.4 290 9.233

8/3/2010 0:45:00 10.3 296 9.257

8/3/2010 1:15:00 11.7 285 9.280

8/3/2010 1:45:00 4.4 296 9.163

8/3/2010 2:15:00 2.1 201 9.163

8/3/2010 2:45:00 2.6 236 9.187

8/3/2010 3:15:00 3.5 270 9.257

8/3/2010 3:45:00 3.5 259 9.257

8/3/2010 4:15:00 4.7 255 9.187

8/3/2010 4:45:00 2.3 231 9.233

8/3/2010 5:15:00 2.1 271 9.257

8/3/2010 5:45:00 1.5 233 9.280

8/3/2010 6:15:00 1.8 211 9.280

8/3/2010 6:45:00 3.2 252 9.304

8/3/2010 7:15:00 2.3 217 9.280

8/3/2010 7:45:00 6.7 217 9.304

8/3/2010 8:15:00 8.5 217 9.304

8/3/2010 8:45:00 8.2 217 9.304

8/3/2010 9:15:00 8.8 222 9.327

8/3/2010 9:45:00 8.5 218 9.374

8/3/2010 10:15:00 10.9 221 9.421

8/3/2010 10:45:00 10.9 234 9.467

8/3/2010 11:15:00 10.0 235 9.444

8/3/2010 11:45:00 8.2 256 9.538

8/3/2010 12:15:00 8.8 261 9.538

8/3/2010 12:45:00 9.7 265 9.514

8/3/2010 13:15:00 10.0 265 9.561

8/3/2010 13:45:00 10.6 262 9.584

8/3/2010 14:15:00 9.4 267 9.514

8/3/2010 14:45:00 8.8 277 9.374

8/3/2010 15:15:00 9.7 282 9.491

8/3/2010 15:45:00 12.0 277 9.561

8/3/2010 16:15:00 12.9 280 9.561

8/3/2010 16:45:00 12.3 288 9.491

8/3/2010 17:15:00 11.4 296 9.514

8/3/2010 17:45:00 12.0 302 9.374

8/3/2010 18:15:00 10.3 301 9.280

8/3/2010 18:45:00 4.4 223 9.327

8/3/2010 19:15:00 4.4 227 9.280

8/3/2010 19:45:00 4.4 198 9.350

8/3/2010 20:15:00 8.5 206 9.257

8/3/2010 20:45:00 8.8 194 9.233

8/3/2010 21:15:00 8.8 187 9.374

8/3/2010 21:45:00 9.1 197 9.233

8/3/2010 22:15:00 10.3 188 9.350

8/3/2010 22:45:00 8.2 204 9.467

8/3/2010 23:15:00 7.6 233 9.467

8/3/2010 23:45:00 5.3 257 9.491

239
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/3/2010 0:15:00 5.6 255 9.467

9/3/2010 0:45:00 7.6 259 9.421

9/3/2010 1:15:00 7.3 270 9.421

9/3/2010 1:45:00 8.5 277 9.421

9/3/2010 2:15:00 8.5 285 9.374

9/3/2010 2:45:00 7.9 290 9.350

9/3/2010 3:15:00 6.5 289 9.327

9/3/2010 3:45:00 7.3 291 9.327

9/3/2010 4:15:00 8.5 280 9.327

9/3/2010 4:45:00 7.0 279 9.327

9/3/2010 5:15:00 7.9 290 9.327

9/3/2010 5:45:00 8.5 289 9.327

9/3/2010 6:15:00 7.9 284 9.304

9/3/2010 6:45:00 7.3 275 9.304

9/3/2010 7:15:00 5.9 281 9.304

9/3/2010 7:45:00 6.2 262 9.304

9/3/2010 8:15:00 5.9 272 9.327

9/3/2010 8:45:00 6.2 268 9.280

9/3/2010 9:15:00 7.9 277 9.374

9/3/2010 9:45:00 9.4 271 9.374

9/3/2010 10:15:00 10.0 271 9.374

9/3/2010 10:45:00 10.3 274 9.327

9/3/2010 11:15:00 9.4 269 9.327

9/3/2010 11:45:00 12.3 270 9.374

9/3/2010 12:15:00 12.9 276 9.397

9/3/2010 12:45:00 11.7 274 9.350

9/3/2010 13:15:00 14.1 271 9.187

9/3/2010 13:45:00 13.5 276 9.257

9/3/2010 14:15:00 12.0 280 9.374

9/3/2010 14:45:00 12.3 281 9.374

9/3/2010 15:15:00 13.2 280 9.350

9/3/2010 15:45:00 12.6 284 9.350

9/3/2010 16:15:00 12.3 283 9.327

9/3/2010 16:45:00 12.6 284 9.350

9/3/2010 17:15:00 13.2 280 9.350

9/3/2010 17:45:00 14.7 280 9.327

9/3/2010 18:15:00 14.1 277 9.350

9/3/2010 18:45:00 14.7 279 9.374

9/3/2010 19:15:00 12.9 280 9.374

9/3/2010 19:45:00 12.6 275 9.374

9/3/2010 20:15:00 12.6 270 9.327

9/3/2010 20:45:00 12.6 271 9.304

9/3/2010 21:15:00 10.0 262 9.304

9/3/2010 21:45:00 8.8 252 9.257

9/3/2010 22:15:00 10.0 255 9.233

9/3/2010 22:45:00 11.7 245 9.187

9/3/2010 23:15:00 13.2 244 9.233

9/3/2010 23:45:00 14.7 238 9.327

240
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/3/2010 0:15:00 14.4 240 9.421

10/3/2010 0:45:00 14.7 244 9.421

10/3/2010 1:15:00 14.4 251 9.444

10/3/2010 1:45:00 15.0 255 9.421

10/3/2010 2:15:00 14.7 257 9.467

10/3/2010 2:45:00 15.5 258 9.467

10/3/2010 3:15:00 14.7 267 9.444

10/3/2010 3:45:00 13.5 270 9.491

10/3/2010 4:15:00 13.2 271 9.421

10/3/2010 4:45:00 13.2 270 9.397

10/3/2010 5:15:00 15.0 268 9.467

10/3/2010 5:45:00 15.0 273 9.374

10/3/2010 6:15:00 13.5 272 9.444

10/3/2010 6:45:00 15.0 269 9.467

10/3/2010 7:15:00 13.2 275 9.421

10/3/2010 7:45:00 14.1 265 9.444

10/3/2010 8:15:00 10.3 262 9.327

10/3/2010 8:45:00 7.0 254 9.280

10/3/2010 9:15:00 2.9 218 9.350

10/3/2010 9:45:00 3.5 169 9.374

10/3/2010 10:15:00 4.7 226 9.444

10/3/2010 10:45:00 5.9 237 9.374

10/3/2010 11:15:00 8.8 240 9.374

10/3/2010 11:45:00 11.4 243 9.467

10/3/2010 12:15:00 12.0 244 9.421

10/3/2010 12:45:00 12.3 249 9.444

10/3/2010 13:15:00 14.1 244 9.467

10/3/2010 13:45:00 13.2 252 9.467

10/3/2010 14:15:00 12.9 258 9.491

10/3/2010 14:45:00 13.5 260 9.538

10/3/2010 15:15:00 16.7 259 9.514

10/3/2010 15:45:00 17.3 261 9.538

10/3/2010 16:15:00 16.7 266 9.538

10/3/2010 16:45:00 16.7 268 9.631

10/3/2010 17:15:00 15.5 268 9.561

10/3/2010 17:45:00 15.5 267 9.561

10/3/2010 18:15:00 14.4 270 9.514

10/3/2010 18:45:00 15.3 272 9.467

10/3/2010 19:15:00 15.8 268 9.467

10/3/2010 19:45:00 15.8 271 9.421

10/3/2010 20:15:00 17.9 275 9.421

10/3/2010 20:45:00 18.8 273 9.397

10/3/2010 21:15:00 17.6 276 9.350

10/3/2010 21:45:00 18.2 270 9.421

10/3/2010 22:15:00 15.8 270 9.327

10/3/2010 22:45:00 15.8 272 9.327

10/3/2010 23:15:00 14.1 270 9.350

10/3/2010 23:45:00 12.0 259 9.280

241
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/3/2010 0:15:00 12.0 265 9.327

11/3/2010 0:45:00 14.7 264 9.327

11/3/2010 1:15:00 17.9 264 9.608

11/3/2010 1:45:00 17.9 265 9.655

11/3/2010 2:15:00 18.8 262 9.608

11/3/2010 2:45:00 18.2 259 9.631

11/3/2010 3:15:00 17.9 265 9.561

11/3/2010 3:45:00 17.3 261 9.538

11/3/2010 4:15:00 17.3 263 9.584

11/3/2010 4:45:00 17.6 259 9.608

11/3/2010 5:15:00 18.2 262 9.561

11/3/2010 5:45:00 17.9 264 9.538

11/3/2010 6:15:00 18.5 266 9.561

11/3/2010 6:45:00 17.6 265 9.631

11/3/2010 7:15:00 16.4 266 9.608

11/3/2010 7:45:00 16.4 267 9.608

11/3/2010 8:15:00 18.2 269 9.631

11/3/2010 8:45:00 17.3 266 9.725

11/3/2010 9:15:00 18.5 264 9.678

11/3/2010 9:45:00 18.5 267 9.725

11/3/2010 10:15:00 18.8 262 9.725

11/3/2010 10:45:00 19.1 263 9.725

11/3/2010 11:15:00 18.5 259 9.795

11/3/2010 11:45:00 19.1 263 9.795

11/3/2010 12:15:00 18.5 265 9.772

11/3/2010 12:45:00 17.0 260 9.772

11/3/2010 13:15:00 17.3 258 9.748

11/3/2010 13:45:00 16.1 258 9.725

11/3/2010 14:15:00 17.6 257 9.772

11/3/2010 14:45:00 18.8 252 9.819

11/3/2010 15:15:00 17.9 252 9.842

11/3/2010 15:45:00 18.2 255 9.819

11/3/2010 16:15:00 15.8 257 9.795

11/3/2010 16:45:00 13.5 262 9.725

11/3/2010 17:15:00 13.8 271 9.795

11/3/2010 17:45:00 14.7 265 9.842

11/3/2010 18:15:00 15.3 259 9.772

11/3/2010 18:45:00 16.1 264 9.842

11/3/2010 19:15:00 16.7 263 9.842

11/3/2010 19:45:00 15.3 271 9.772

11/3/2010 20:15:00 13.5 265 9.819

11/3/2010 20:45:00 11.4 270 9.748

11/3/2010 21:15:00 10.9 268 9.725

11/3/2010 21:45:00 10.6 260 9.702

11/3/2010 22:15:00 11.4 248 9.702

11/3/2010 22:45:00 11.1 248 9.842

11/3/2010 23:15:00 10.6 249 9.842

11/3/2010 23:45:00 8.8 260 9.772

242
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/3/2010 0:15:00 8.2 267 9.748

12/3/2010 0:45:00 7.3 262 9.725

12/3/2010 1:15:00 8.8 246 9.748

12/3/2010 1:45:00 8.8 263 9.795

12/3/2010 2:15:00 10.6 247 9.819

12/3/2010 2:45:00 9.4 257 9.819

12/3/2010 3:15:00 7.9 270 9.842

12/3/2010 3:45:00 9.7 262 9.819

12/3/2010 4:15:00 10.3 259 9.842

12/3/2010 4:45:00 12.0 268 9.959

12/3/2010 5:15:00 11.7 267 10.006

12/3/2010 5:45:00 10.9 272 9.912

12/3/2010 6:15:00 10.9 277 9.889

12/3/2010 6:45:00 10.6 277 9.912

12/3/2010 7:15:00 11.1 273 9.889

12/3/2010 7:45:00 11.7 280 9.912

12/3/2010 8:15:00 10.9 265 10.030

12/3/2010 8:45:00 13.2 276 10.053

12/3/2010 9:15:00 12.9 281 10.170

12/3/2010 9:45:00 12.3 290 10.194

12/3/2010 10:15:00 12.0 279 10.170

12/3/2010 10:45:00 12.9 272 10.006

12/3/2010 11:15:00 11.1 265 9.889

12/3/2010 11:45:00 3.2 201 9.983

12/3/2010 12:15:00 1.8 129 9.983

12/3/2010 12:45:00 2.6 357 10.100

12/3/2010 13:15:00 3.2 313 10.077

12/3/2010 13:45:00 4.1 269 10.077

12/3/2010 14:15:00 0.3 099 9.795

12/3/2010 14:45:00 2.6 117 10.100

12/3/2010 15:15:00 2.1 227 10.264

12/3/2010 15:45:00 2.3 225 9.866

12/3/2010 16:15:00 1.2 213 9.912

12/3/2010 16:45:00 2.1 236 10.053

12/3/2010 17:15:00 2.9 198 10.077

12/3/2010 17:45:00 5.3 175 9.819

12/3/2010 18:15:00 6.2 206 10.100

12/3/2010 18:45:00 8.8 222 9.936

12/3/2010 19:15:00 9.7 216 10.053

12/3/2010 19:45:00 11.4 236 10.264

12/3/2010 20:15:00 10.9 231 10.335

12/3/2010 20:45:00 12.6 235 10.382

12/3/2010 21:15:00 10.0 239 10.335

12/3/2010 21:45:00 10.6 243 10.335

12/3/2010 22:15:00 10.6 259 10.170

12/3/2010 22:45:00 10.6 273 10.077

12/3/2010 23:15:00 11.4 267 10.429

12/3/2010 23:45:00 12.3 263 10.452

243
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.13.2010 0:15:00 13.2 269 10.452

03.13.2010 0:45:00 12.9 275 10.499

03.13.2010 1:15:00 12.9 282 10.288

03.13.2010 1:45:00 12.3 283 10.335

03.13.2010 2:15:00 10.9 301 9.959

03.13.2010 2:45:00 7.3 301 9.912

03.13.2010 3:15:00 3.2 297 9.889

03.13.2010 3:45:00 2.6 271 9.936

03.13.2010 4:15:00 1.8 261 9.936

03.13.2010 4:45:00 1.5 245 9.936

03.13.2010 5:15:00 2.9 263 10.053

03.13.2010 5:45:00 5.0 302 10.030

03.13.2010 6:15:00 5.0 332 9.983

03.13.2010 6:45:00 6.5 348 9.866

03.13.2010 7:15:00 5.9 001 9.819

03.13.2010 7:45:00 3.2 353 9.772

03.13.2010 8:15:00 5.0 359 9.772

03.13.2010 8:45:00 5.3 007 9.748

03.13.2010 9:15:00 4.1 020 9.748

03.13.2010 9:45:00 3.5 033 9.795

03.13.2010 10:15:00 4.1 038 9.584

03.13.2010 10:45:00 4.7 004 9.491

03.13.2010 11:15:00 4.1 011 9.467

03.13.2010 11:45:00 2.3 030 9.444

03.13.2010 12:15:00 2.9 040 9.444

03.13.2010 12:45:00 2.1 025 9.444

03.13.2010 13:15:00 1.2 068 9.608

03.13.2010 13:45:00 4.1 173 9.702

03.13.2010 14:15:00 6.5 186 9.678

03.13.2010 14:45:00 11.1 200 9.772

03.13.2010 15:15:00 10.9 203 9.795

03.13.2010 15:45:00 10.6 206 9.959

03.13.2010 16:15:00 10.9 210 9.959

03.13.2010 16:45:00 10.3 213 9.983

03.13.2010 17:15:00 8.5 217 10.030

03.13.2010 17:45:00 8.8 216 10.006

03.13.2010 18:15:00 8.5 226 10.053

03.13.2010 18:45:00 7.3 239 9.983

03.13.2010 19:15:00 5.6 257 9.983

03.13.2010 19:45:00 6.2 281 9.842

03.13.2010 20:15:00 4.4 278 9.748

03.13.2010 20:45:00 7.6 297 9.702

03.13.2010 21:15:00 9.7 298 9.748

03.13.2010 21:45:00 10.0 291 9.842

03.13.2010 22:15:00 12.3 301 9.655

03.13.2010 22:45:00 10.0 309 9.678

03.13.2010 23:15:00 7.9 314 9.631

03.13.2010 23:45:00 10.0 307 9.678

244
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.14.2010 0:15:00 8.5 316 9.748

03.14.2010 0:45:00 8.5 304 9.795

03.14.2010 1:15:00 8.5 315 9.842

03.14.2010 1:45:00 6.5 298 9.421

03.14.2010 2:15:00 6.5 210 9.514

03.14.2010 2:45:00 6.5 228 9.491

03.14.2010 3:15:00 4.1 249 9.491

03.14.2010 3:45:00 3.8 259 9.397

03.14.2010 4:15:00 4.4 227 9.421

03.14.2010 4:45:00 4.1 242 9.467

03.14.2010 5:15:00 2.6 269 9.421

03.14.2010 5:45:00 2.1 289 9.280

03.14.2010 6:15:00 2.1 331 9.327

03.14.2010 6:45:00 2.3 314 9.350

03.14.2010 7:15:00 2.1 317 9.374

03.14.2010 7:45:00 4.7 013 9.187

03.14.2010 8:15:00 4.7 002 9.116

03.14.2010 8:45:00 2.1 027 9.163

03.14.2010 9:15:00 3.5 028 9.093

03.14.2010 9:45:00 3.5 048 9.000

03.14.2010 10:15:00 2.3 063 8.976

03.14.2010 10:45:00 3.2 051 8.976

03.14.2010 11:15:00 1.5 123 8.953

03.14.2010 11:45:00 3.5 133 9.023

03.14.2010 12:15:00 5.0 133 9.116

03.14.2010 12:45:00 6.5 124 9.046

03.14.2010 13:15:00 6.7 132 9.093

03.14.2010 13:45:00 6.2 160 9.093

03.14.2010 14:15:00 6.5 156 9.163

03.14.2010 14:45:00 7.6 177 9.187

03.14.2010 15:15:00 8.5 183 9.187

03.14.2010 15:45:00 8.5 184 9.187

03.14.2010 16:15:00 9.1 190 9.187

03.14.2010 16:45:00 9.1 201 9.280

03.14.2010 17:15:00 6.7 219 9.374

03.14.2010 17:45:00 6.2 208 9.280

03.14.2010 18:15:00 2.1 222 9.187

03.14.2010 18:45:00 0.9 255 9.187

03.14.2010 19:15:00 1.2 340 9.280

03.14.2010 19:45:00 2.3 274 9.350

03.14.2010 20:15:00 3.5 314 9.327

03.14.2010 20:45:00 5.6 314 9.397

03.14.2010 21:15:00 7.6 333 9.491

03.14.2010 21:45:00 7.0 329 9.187

03.14.2010 22:15:00 8.2 333 9.187

03.14.2010 22:45:00 11.7 337 9.187

03.14.2010 23:15:00 10.6 339 9.070

03.14.2010 23:45:00 6.7 359 8.533

245
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.15.2010 0:15:00 1.5 091 8.509

03.15.2010 0:45:00 2.1 199 8.579

03.15.2010 1:15:00 4.4 237 8.743

03.15.2010 1:45:00 2.3 215 8.533

03.15.2010 2:15:00 3.2 194 8.509

03.15.2010 2:45:00 4.1 168 8.486

03.15.2010 3:15:00 5.9 178 8.486

03.15.2010 3:45:00 5.0 202 8.673

03.15.2010 4:15:00 4.1 191 8.743

03.15.2010 4:45:00 4.1 176 8.789

03.15.2010 5:15:00 2.6 184 8.859

03.15.2010 5:45:00 1.2 271 8.930

03.15.2010 6:15:00 0.6 336 8.930

03.15.2010 6:45:00 2.1 311 8.906

03.15.2010 7:15:00 1.5 280 8.906

03.15.2010 7:45:00 1.8 013 8.883

03.15.2010 8:15:00 5.0 014 8.813

03.15.2010 8:45:00 4.7 004 8.813

03.15.2010 9:15:00 2.3 261 8.813

03.15.2010 9:45:00 3.5 247 8.813

03.15.2010 10:15:00 2.1 310 8.813

03.15.2010 10:45:00 1.5 001 8.813

03.15.2010 11:15:00 0.6 250 8.813

03.15.2010 11:45:00 1.2 331 8.813

03.15.2010 12:15:00 2.3 347 8.836

03.15.2010 12:45:00 5.6 341 8.813

03.15.2010 13:15:00 2.3 318 8.789

03.15.2010 13:45:00 4.1 351 8.719

03.15.2010 14:15:00 5.9 347 8.696

03.15.2010 14:45:00 3.8 330 8.766

03.15.2010 15:15:00 1.8 030 8.743

03.15.2010 15:45:00 0.9 097 8.696

03.15.2010 16:15:00 0.3 255 8.579

03.15.2010 16:45:00 1.5 175 8.649

03.15.2010 17:15:00 2.6 194 8.696

03.15.2010 17:45:00 2.3 218 8.696

03.15.2010 18:15:00 1.8 189 8.719

03.15.2010 18:45:00 2.3 203 8.719

03.15.2010 19:15:00 2.9 198 8.719

03.15.2010 19:45:00 4.7 238 8.766

03.15.2010 20:15:00 3.2 252 8.883

03.15.2010 20:45:00 4.7 263 8.906

03.15.2010 21:15:00 5.9 261 8.953

03.15.2010 21:45:00 5.0 279 9.116

03.15.2010 22:15:00 5.9 296 9.046

03.15.2010 22:45:00 6.5 309 9.093

03.15.2010 23:15:00 4.4 355 8.743

03.15.2010 23:45:00 3.2 331 8.649

246
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.16.2010 0:15:00 2.6 304 8.579

03.16.2010 0:45:00 3.5 282 8.696

03.16.2010 1:15:00 6.2 265 8.930

03.16.2010 1:45:00 4.4 292 8.906

03.16.2010 2:15:00 2.9 302 8.906

03.16.2010 2:45:00 4.1 204 8.579

03.16.2010 3:15:00 5.6 196 8.533

03.16.2010 3:45:00 5.6 201 8.509

03.16.2010 4:15:00 6.7 207 8.486

03.16.2010 4:45:00 8.5 218 8.533

03.16.2010 5:15:00 9.4 227 8.673

03.16.2010 5:45:00 10.0 229 8.673

03.16.2010 6:15:00 14.1 239 8.789

03.16.2010 6:45:00 13.2 244 8.836

03.16.2010 7:15:00 12.0 240 8.883

03.16.2010 7:45:00 11.7 242 8.906

03.16.2010 8:15:00 12.6 245 8.883

03.16.2010 8:45:00 13.2 250 8.930

03.16.2010 9:15:00 12.3 250 8.859

03.16.2010 9:45:00 12.9 265 8.906

03.16.2010 10:15:00 14.1 261 8.859

03.16.2010 10:45:00 14.4 259 8.859

03.16.2010 11:15:00 15.0 269 8.906

03.16.2010 11:45:00 14.4 268 8.976

03.16.2010 12:15:00 15.5 268 9.093

03.16.2010 12:45:00 13.8 266 9.140

03.16.2010 13:15:00 12.6 264 9.093

03.16.2010 13:45:00 12.9 265 9.093

03.16.2010 14:15:00 13.5 265 9.023

03.16.2010 14:45:00 16.7 266 8.976

03.16.2010 15:15:00 16.7 261 9.000

03.16.2010 15:45:00 18.5 262 9.046

03.16.2010 16:15:00 18.5 265 9.046

03.16.2010 16:45:00 15.5 264 9.140

03.16.2010 17:15:00 14.4 270 9.070

03.16.2010 17:45:00 18.2 267 8.906

03.16.2010 18:15:00 20.8 270 8.649

03.16.2010 18:45:00 22.0 271 8.509

03.16.2010 19:15:00 22.0 273 8.603

03.16.2010 19:45:00 21.4 273 8.486

03.16.2010 20:15:00 21.1 272 8.603

03.16.2010 20:45:00 22.3 274 8.346

03.16.2010 21:15:00 22.6 268 8.649

03.16.2010 21:45:00 21.1 266 8.299

03.16.2010 22:15:00 19.9 270 8.533

03.16.2010 22:45:00 19.7 270 8.043

03.16.2010 23:15:00 19.9 269 8.299

03.16.2010 23:45:00 21.4 267 8.439

247
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.17.2010 0:15:00 22.3 265 8.066

03.17.2010 0:45:00 21.4 263 8.299

03.17.2010 1:15:00 23.2 269 8.089

03.17.2010 1:45:00 21.4 270 8.043

03.17.2010 2:15:00 18.5 269 8.043

03.17.2010 2:45:00 17.6 267 8.323

03.17.2010 3:15:00 16.7 268 8.229

03.17.2010 3:45:00 16.1 271 8.346

03.17.2010 4:15:00 12.9 270 8.089

03.17.2010 4:45:00 13.2 263 8.626

03.17.2010 5:15:00 14.1 268 8.509

03.17.2010 5:45:00 14.1 276 8.183

03.17.2010 6:15:00 12.3 267 8.439

03.17.2010 6:45:00 11.4 265 8.626

03.17.2010 7:15:00 12.6 267 8.183

03.17.2010 7:45:00 12.3 276 8.649

03.17.2010 8:15:00 11.7 274 8.649

03.17.2010 8:45:00 11.7 272 8.323

03.17.2010 9:15:00 14.4 269 8.253

03.17.2010 9:45:00 15.8 268 8.276

03.17.2010 10:15:00 15.3 259 8.393

03.17.2010 10:45:00 11.7 263 8.533

03.17.2010 11:15:00 7.6 257 8.439

03.17.2010 11:45:00 11.1 268 8.509

03.17.2010 12:15:00 11.4 270 8.323

03.17.2010 12:45:00 13.5 273 8.066

03.17.2010 13:15:00 10.0 269 8.556

03.17.2010 13:45:00 9.4 268 8.323

03.17.2010 14:15:00 9.7 263 8.463

03.17.2010 14:45:00 8.8 269 8.509

03.17.2010 15:15:00 8.2 273 8.626

03.17.2010 15:45:00 7.0 283 8.603

03.17.2010 16:15:00 6.2 272 8.533

03.17.2010 16:45:00 5.9 250 8.626

03.17.2010 17:15:00 6.7 271 8.649

03.17.2010 17:45:00 6.5 270 8.579

03.17.2010 18:15:00 6.7 251 8.556

03.17.2010 18:45:00 9.4 270 8.603

03.17.2010 19:15:00 14.7 277 8.416

03.17.2010 19:45:00 14.4 271 8.346

03.17.2010 20:15:00 13.5 275 8.393

03.17.2010 20:45:00 12.9 268 8.369

03.17.2010 21:15:00 13.8 275 8.206

03.17.2010 21:45:00 16.7 265 8.579

03.17.2010 22:15:00 16.1 271 8.463

03.17.2010 22:45:00 15.0 273 8.463

03.17.2010 23:15:00 15.5 271 8.486

03.17.2010 23:45:00 15.0 275 8.463

248
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.18.2010 0:15:00 14.7 274 8.393

03.18.2010 0:45:00 15.5 269 8.486

03.18.2010 1:15:00 14.7 272 8.579

03.18.2010 1:45:00 16.1 267 8.556

03.18.2010 2:15:00 17.0 263 8.486

03.18.2010 2:45:00 20.5 264 8.369

03.18.2010 3:15:00 21.7 264 8.369

03.18.2010 3:45:00 20.5 265 8.323

03.18.2010 4:15:00 19.9 259 8.439

03.18.2010 4:45:00 21.7 265 8.369

03.18.2010 5:15:00 18.2 270 8.766

03.18.2010 5:45:00 18.8 264 8.416

03.18.2010 6:15:00 21.1 267 8.463

03.18.2010 6:45:00 21.4 264 8.509

03.18.2010 7:15:00 17.9 268 8.626

03.18.2010 7:45:00 19.1 266 8.579

03.18.2010 8:15:00 17.9 269 8.533

03.18.2010 8:45:00 19.1 266 8.579

03.18.2010 9:15:00 19.4 264 8.439

03.18.2010 9:45:00 20.8 267 8.509

03.18.2010 10:15:00 22.9 264 8.486

03.18.2010 10:45:00 21.4 264 8.463

03.18.2010 11:15:00 19.4 266 8.533

03.18.2010 11:45:00 20.8 267 8.486

03.18.2010 12:15:00 20.2 268 8.393

03.18.2010 12:45:00 20.8 266 8.486

03.18.2010 13:15:00 20.5 263 8.556

03.18.2010 13:45:00 18.8 263 8.673

03.18.2010 14:15:00 18.5 263 8.416

03.18.2010 14:45:00 19.1 265 8.393

03.18.2010 15:15:00 21.1 262 8.439

03.18.2010 15:45:00 20.5 269 8.509

03.18.2010 16:15:00 20.2 269 8.369

03.18.2010 16:45:00 19.4 265 8.253

03.18.2010 17:15:00 21.1 265 8.229

03.18.2010 17:45:00 19.7 267 8.299

03.18.2010 18:15:00 20.2 266 8.323

03.18.2010 18:45:00 19.9 264 8.206

03.18.2010 19:15:00 19.4 264 8.206

03.18.2010 19:45:00 17.3 267 8.299

03.18.2010 20:15:00 16.1 267 8.229

03.18.2010 20:45:00 15.0 271 8.416

03.18.2010 21:15:00 13.8 267 8.346

03.18.2010 21:45:00 13.5 277 8.369

03.18.2010 22:15:00 12.0 280 8.299

03.18.2010 22:45:00 11.1 276 8.159

03.18.2010 23:15:00 9.7 292 8.486

03.18.2010 23:45:00 10.3 294 8.533

249
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.19.2010 0:15:00 9.1 288 8.509

03.19.2010 0:45:00 8.2 269 8.649

03.19.2010 1:15:00 6.5 270 8.719

03.19.2010 1:45:00 5.6 264 8.789

03.19.2010 2:15:00 4.4 270 8.719

03.19.2010 2:45:00 9.1 270 8.673

03.19.2010 3:15:00 10.0 271 8.533

03.19.2010 3:45:00 10.9 276 8.743

03.19.2010 4:15:00 6.5 274 8.486

03.19.2010 4:45:00 5.0 267 8.253

03.19.2010 5:15:00 8.8 274 8.369

03.19.2010 5:45:00 11.7 263 8.066

03.19.2010 6:15:00 11.1 263 8.346

03.19.2010 6:45:00 12.3 268 8.113

03.19.2010 7:15:00 10.9 264 8.206

03.19.2010 7:45:00 16.4 261 7.996

03.19.2010 8:15:00 17.9 265 8.416

03.19.2010 8:45:00 17.6 265 8.159

03.19.2010 9:15:00 17.0 270 8.299

03.19.2010 9:45:00 10.9 274 8.556

03.19.2010 10:15:00 7.0 275 8.439

03.19.2010 10:45:00 8.5 271 8.463

03.19.2010 11:15:00 11.4 267 8.066

03.19.2010 11:45:00 8.2 266 8.299

03.19.2010 12:15:00 13.2 257 8.346

03.19.2010 12:45:00 9.7 261 8.393

03.19.2010 13:15:00 10.6 267 8.439

03.19.2010 13:45:00 10.3 277 8.393

03.19.2010 14:15:00 12.3 269 8.369

03.19.2010 14:45:00 12.9 268 8.299

03.19.2010 15:15:00 15.5 270 8.159

03.19.2010 15:45:00 18.5 267 8.183

03.19.2010 16:15:00 16.4 264 8.299

03.19.2010 16:45:00 13.5 266 8.393

03.19.2010 17:15:00 16.1 268 8.276

03.19.2010 17:45:00 15.0 264 8.276

03.19.2010 18:15:00 14.1 266 8.416

03.19.2010 18:45:00 11.7 267 8.346

03.19.2010 19:15:00 11.1 263 8.533

03.19.2010 19:45:00 10.0 270 8.533

03.19.2010 20:15:00 10.9 269 8.533

03.19.2010 20:45:00 10.9 275 8.626

03.19.2010 21:15:00 9.1 275 8.626

03.19.2010 21:45:00 9.1 282 8.556

03.19.2010 22:15:00 9.7 281 8.579

03.19.2010 22:45:00 11.4 275 8.509

03.19.2010 23:15:00 10.6 271 8.533

03.19.2010 23:45:00 10.0 263 8.789

250
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.20.2010 0:15:00 8.5 285 8.649

03.20.2010 0:45:00 14.7 262 8.416

03.20.2010 1:15:00 17.6 267 8.463

03.20.2010 1:45:00 13.2 264 8.649

03.20.2010 2:15:00 11.7 273 8.579

03.20.2010 2:45:00 13.8 267 8.486

03.20.2010 3:15:00 16.1 265 8.439

03.20.2010 3:45:00 15.5 263 8.369

03.20.2010 4:15:00 16.7 264 8.416

03.20.2010 4:45:00 18.2 266 8.299

03.20.2010 5:15:00 17.9 265 8.253

03.20.2010 5:45:00 17.9 261 8.346

03.20.2010 6:15:00 18.5 258 8.416

03.20.2010 6:45:00 17.6 258 8.346

03.20.2010 7:15:00 18.2 262 8.229

03.20.2010 7:45:00 21.1 262 8.346

03.20.2010 8:15:00 24.3 259 8.393

03.20.2010 8:45:00 22.3 263 8.183

03.20.2010 9:15:00 21.4 264 8.416

03.20.2010 9:45:00 20.5 265 8.486

03.20.2010 10:15:00 19.1 265 8.439

03.20.2010 10:45:00 19.9 263 8.323

03.20.2010 11:15:00 17.3 265 8.299

03.20.2010 11:45:00 21.4 261 8.323

03.20.2010 12:15:00 20.8 263 8.369

03.20.2010 12:45:00 22.0 262 8.346

03.20.2010 13:15:00 19.1 259 8.579

03.20.2010 13:45:00 19.1 258 8.719

03.20.2010 14:15:00 20.2 262 8.323

03.20.2010 14:45:00 20.8 261 8.626

03.20.2010 15:15:00 20.2 259 8.439

03.20.2010 15:45:00 22.3 261 8.556

03.20.2010 16:15:00 23.2 256 8.486

03.20.2010 16:45:00 20.5 258 8.649

03.20.2010 17:15:00 20.2 257 8.533

03.20.2010 17:45:00 22.0 261 8.556

03.20.2010 18:15:00 21.4 258 8.439

03.20.2010 18:45:00 22.3 259 8.463

03.20.2010 19:15:00 22.3 258 8.509

03.20.2010 19:45:00 20.5 258 8.323

03.20.2010 20:15:00 22.6 256 8.346

03.20.2010 20:45:00 24.1 256 8.299

03.20.2010 21:15:00 22.9 252 8.299

03.20.2010 21:45:00 20.8 258 8.299

03.20.2010 22:15:00 22.0 255 8.743

03.20.2010 22:45:00 24.9 258 8.556

03.20.2010 23:15:00 24.1 259 8.416

03.20.2010 23:45:00 24.1 262 8.393

251
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.21.2010 0:15:00 23.8 258 8.393

03.21.2010 0:45:00 22.6 260 8.439

03.21.2010 1:15:00 22.0 258 8.463

03.21.2010 1:45:00 24.6 259 8.346

03.21.2010 2:15:00 23.5 259 8.509

03.21.2010 2:45:00 22.9 262 8.486

03.21.2010 3:15:00 22.6 262 8.416

03.21.2010 3:45:00 22.3 263 8.439

03.21.2010 4:15:00 22.9 258 8.509

03.21.2010 4:45:00 22.9 262 8.393

03.21.2010 5:15:00 21.7 256 8.439

03.21.2010 5:45:00 24.1 260 8.696

03.21.2010 6:15:00 23.8 257 8.463

03.21.2010 6:45:00 24.9 260 8.393

03.21.2010 7:15:00 23.8 259 8.416

03.21.2010 7:45:00 24.3 255 8.323

03.21.2010 8:15:00 24.1 257 8.439

03.21.2010 8:45:00 19.4 254 8.486

03.21.2010 9:15:00 22.3 255 8.369

03.21.2010 9:45:00 19.4 251 8.369

03.21.2010 10:15:00 17.0 246 8.369

03.21.2010 10:45:00 16.1 245 8.416

03.21.2010 11:15:00 19.4 248 8.719

03.21.2010 11:45:00 18.8 249 8.859

03.21.2010 12:15:00 18.2 246 8.859

03.21.2010 12:45:00 18.2 251 8.813

03.21.2010 13:15:00 17.6 248 8.719

03.21.2010 13:45:00 17.6 250 8.859

03.21.2010 14:15:00 17.6 254 8.836

03.21.2010 14:45:00 15.0 256 8.813

03.21.2010 15:15:00 17.0 264 8.719

03.21.2010 15:45:00 19.4 261 8.579

03.21.2010 16:15:00 17.6 258 8.533

03.21.2010 16:45:00 16.1 260 8.813

03.21.2010 17:15:00 17.9 260 8.719

03.21.2010 17:45:00 19.1 264 8.743

03.21.2010 18:15:00 16.7 260 8.789

03.21.2010 18:45:00 19.7 260 8.696

03.21.2010 19:15:00 21.7 265 8.719

03.21.2010 19:45:00 22.9 260 8.883

03.21.2010 20:15:00 20.5 260 9.000

03.21.2010 20:45:00 20.5 259 9.000

03.21.2010 21:15:00 19.7 257 8.859

03.21.2010 21:45:00 17.3 256 8.930

03.21.2010 22:15:00 18.5 255 8.859

03.21.2010 22:45:00 18.5 252 8.789

03.21.2010 23:15:00 19.1 253 8.813

03.21.2010 23:45:00 19.1 257 8.906

252
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.22.2010 0:15:00 19.9 252 8.883

03.22.2010 0:45:00 17.6 249 8.883

03.22.2010 1:15:00 18.5 250 8.743

03.22.2010 1:45:00 19.9 246 8.766

03.22.2010 2:15:00 20.2 247 8.789

03.22.2010 2:45:00 20.2 248 8.766

03.22.2010 3:15:00 18.5 247 8.813

03.22.2010 3:45:00 17.3 243 8.859

03.22.2010 4:15:00 18.5 254 8.859

03.22.2010 4:45:00 18.8 253 8.859

03.22.2010 5:15:00 19.4 259 8.883

03.22.2010 5:45:00 19.4 258 8.883

03.22.2010 6:15:00 17.3 261 8.883

03.22.2010 6:45:00 18.2 257 8.883

03.22.2010 7:15:00 18.5 265 9.070

03.22.2010 7:45:00 17.9 266 9.163

03.22.2010 8:15:00 18.8 268 9.070

03.22.2010 8:45:00 17.3 273 8.953

03.22.2010 9:15:00 14.1 276 8.953

03.22.2010 9:45:00 14.7 274 8.859

03.22.2010 10:15:00 12.3 268 8.883

03.22.2010 10:45:00 13.2 264 8.953

03.22.2010 11:15:00 13.8 260 9.116

03.22.2010 11:45:00 13.8 256 9.116

03.22.2010 12:15:00 14.4 258 9.140

03.22.2010 12:45:00 13.8 264 9.046

03.22.2010 13:15:00 15.0 263 9.163

03.22.2010 13:45:00 14.1 267 9.187

03.22.2010 14:15:00 12.3 267 9.233

03.22.2010 14:45:00 12.3 274 9.233

03.22.2010 15:15:00 13.2 275 9.187

03.22.2010 15:45:00 12.0 288 9.257

03.22.2010 16:15:00 10.3 287 9.280

03.22.2010 16:45:00 10.0 284 9.187

03.22.2010 17:15:00 8.5 285 9.163

03.22.2010 17:45:00 7.9 278 9.116

03.22.2010 18:15:00 6.2 254 8.906

03.22.2010 18:45:00 5.0 214 8.953

03.22.2010 19:15:00 4.7 244 8.906

03.22.2010 19:45:00 5.6 246 9.116

03.22.2010 20:15:00 8.2 277 9.350

03.22.2010 20:45:00 7.3 270 9.467

03.22.2010 21:15:00 7.3 279 9.444

03.22.2010 21:45:00 8.5 282 9.444

03.22.2010 22:15:00 7.9 292 9.374

03.22.2010 22:45:00 8.5 297 9.327

03.22.2010 23:15:00 7.3 295 9.187

03.22.2010 23:45:00 5.9 265 9.163

253
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.23.2010 0:15:00 7.0 271 9.116

03.23.2010 0:45:00 9.7 269 9.163

03.23.2010 1:15:00 7.9 270 9.280

03.23.2010 1:45:00 5.6 283 9.350

03.23.2010 2:15:00 5.9 301 9.304

03.23.2010 2:45:00 4.4 302 9.327

03.23.2010 3:15:00 5.3 301 9.327

03.23.2010 3:45:00 4.7 299 9.280

03.23.2010 4:15:00 5.3 298 9.140

03.23.2010 4:45:00 7.6 300 8.976

03.23.2010 5:15:00 5.0 287 9.350

03.23.2010 5:45:00 1.2 273 8.883

03.23.2010 6:15:00 1.5 210 8.906

03.23.2010 6:45:00 4.7 312 9.187

03.23.2010 7:15:00 6.2 326 9.187

03.23.2010 7:45:00 4.4 339 9.093

03.23.2010 8:15:00 2.1 347 8.930

03.23.2010 8:45:00 2.3 199 8.976

03.23.2010 9:15:00 4.1 216 8.883

03.23.2010 9:45:00 4.7 219 8.953

03.23.2010 10:15:00 7.0 211 8.953

03.23.2010 10:45:00 6.5 223 9.023

03.23.2010 11:15:00 6.5 223 9.023

03.23.2010 11:45:00 4.4 204 9.046

03.23.2010 12:15:00 6.5 224 9.070

03.23.2010 12:45:00 7.0 234 9.023

03.23.2010 13:15:00 7.6 219 9.140

03.23.2010 13:45:00 5.3 220 9.233

03.23.2010 14:15:00 5.9 243 9.233

03.23.2010 14:45:00 6.2 267 9.233

03.23.2010 15:15:00 5.3 270 9.187

03.23.2010 15:45:00 5.3 268 9.140

03.23.2010 16:15:00 6.5 266 9.070

03.23.2010 16:45:00 7.3 258 9.000

03.23.2010 17:15:00 10.3 271 8.976

03.23.2010 17:45:00 8.5 271 9.233

03.23.2010 18:15:00 4.4 260 9.187

03.23.2010 18:45:00 2.6 240 9.233

03.23.2010 19:15:00 1.5 278 9.257

03.23.2010 19:45:00 3.5 271 8.906

03.23.2010 20:15:00 2.1 143 8.953

03.23.2010 20:45:00 1.5 178 8.953

03.23.2010 21:15:00 2.6 197 8.930

03.23.2010 21:45:00 3.2 208 8.859

03.23.2010 22:15:00 5.3 229 8.930

03.23.2010 22:45:00 4.1 232 8.906

03.23.2010 23:15:00 5.0 226 8.859

03.23.2010 23:45:00 5.6 231 8.906

254
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.24.2010 0:15:00 6.5 224 9.116

03.24.2010 0:45:00 6.5 226 9.163

03.24.2010 1:15:00 7.9 225 9.070

03.24.2010 1:45:00 7.3 223 9.093

03.24.2010 2:15:00 8.5 226 9.233

03.24.2010 2:45:00 9.1 242 9.187

03.24.2010 3:15:00 9.7 251 9.257

03.24.2010 3:45:00 10.0 263 9.257

03.24.2010 4:15:00 11.4 255 9.233

03.24.2010 4:45:00 10.9 258 9.280

03.24.2010 5:15:00 11.4 270 9.257

03.24.2010 5:45:00 12.0 268 9.187

03.24.2010 6:15:00 12.3 272 9.140

03.24.2010 6:45:00 13.8 272 9.046

03.24.2010 7:15:00 12.9 268 9.046

03.24.2010 7:45:00 13.8 264 9.046

03.24.2010 8:15:00 15.0 267 9.093

03.24.2010 8:45:00 15.5 270 9.093

03.24.2010 9:15:00 15.0 262 8.930

03.24.2010 9:45:00 15.3 271 9.140

03.24.2010 10:15:00 14.1 267 9.023

03.24.2010 10:45:00 17.3 263 9.023

03.24.2010 11:15:00 17.3 262 9.116

03.24.2010 11:45:00 15.3 263 9.140

03.24.2010 12:15:00 16.1 265 9.140

03.24.2010 12:45:00 17.3 266 9.140

03.24.2010 13:15:00 16.1 267 9.163

03.24.2010 13:45:00 16.4 267 8.859

03.24.2010 14:15:00 17.9 260 9.023

03.24.2010 14:45:00 19.4 257 8.883

03.24.2010 15:15:00 17.3 259 8.766

03.24.2010 15:45:00 19.9 265 8.789

03.24.2010 16:15:00 20.5 262 8.743

03.24.2010 16:45:00 21.1 258 8.789

03.24.2010 17:15:00 20.2 260 8.953

03.24.2010 17:45:00 20.5 261 8.836

03.24.2010 18:15:00 19.4 258 8.930

03.24.2010 18:45:00 18.8 258 8.976

03.24.2010 19:15:00 19.1 263 8.906

03.24.2010 19:45:00 20.8 260 8.789

03.24.2010 20:15:00 21.4 256 8.813

03.24.2010 20:45:00 19.4 260 8.859

03.24.2010 21:15:00 19.9 257 8.813

03.24.2010 21:45:00 18.2 259 8.766

03.24.2010 22:15:00 17.0 261 8.789

03.24.2010 22:45:00 20.2 255 8.930

03.24.2010 23:15:00 22.0 258 8.836

03.24.2010 23:45:00 23.2 256 8.953

255
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.25.2010 0:15:00 22.9 259 8.976

03.25.2010 0:45:00 24.9 257 8.906

03.25.2010 1:15:00 26.1 256 8.883

03.25.2010 1:45:00 26.4 257 8.883

03.25.2010 2:15:00 25.5 256 8.813

03.25.2010 2:45:00 24.9 256 8.813

03.25.2010 3:15:00 24.9 256 8.789

03.25.2010 3:45:00 22.9 256 8.789

03.25.2010 4:15:00 21.1 255 8.883

03.25.2010 4:45:00 22.3 256 8.813

03.25.2010 5:15:00 19.1 257 8.813

03.25.2010 5:45:00 20.5 257 8.813

03.25.2010 6:15:00 15.8 256 8.813

03.25.2010 6:45:00 17.0 258 8.859

03.25.2010 7:15:00 17.6 259 8.789

03.25.2010 7:45:00 17.3 260 8.766

03.25.2010 8:15:00 15.8 259 8.743

03.25.2010 8:45:00 17.0 259 8.743

03.25.2010 9:15:00 16.7 262 8.813

03.25.2010 9:45:00 17.3 255 8.766

03.25.2010 10:15:00 17.0 251 8.766

03.25.2010 10:45:00 16.1 251 8.789

03.25.2010 11:15:00 17.6 252 8.813

03.25.2010 11:45:00 18.5 251 8.813

03.25.2010 12:15:00 19.1 252 8.813

03.25.2010 12:45:00 19.4 249 8.859

03.25.2010 13:15:00 20.5 242 8.836

03.25.2010 13:45:00 20.2 242 8.883

03.25.2010 14:15:00 17.9 241 8.906

03.25.2010 14:45:00 19.1 241 8.930

03.25.2010 15:15:00 21.1 247 8.906

03.25.2010 15:45:00 21.7 248 8.883

03.25.2010 16:15:00 25.5 250 8.930

03.25.2010 16:45:00 24.9 250 8.953

03.25.2010 17:15:00 24.6 250 8.953

03.25.2010 17:45:00 26.4 245 9.046

03.25.2010 18:15:00 25.2 250 9.000

03.25.2010 18:45:00 25.2 249 9.000

03.25.2010 19:15:00 26.1 254 9.046

03.25.2010 19:45:00 24.9 257 9.023

03.25.2010 20:15:00 25.5 257 9.046

03.25.2010 20:45:00 26.4 261 9.093

03.25.2010 21:15:00 23.5 258 9.093

03.25.2010 21:45:00 24.6 256 9.140

03.25.2010 22:15:00 24.3 258 9.140

03.25.2010 22:45:00 23.5 258 9.116

03.25.2010 23:15:00 23.2 259 9.140

03.25.2010 23:45:00 19.4 256 9.140

256
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.26.2010 0:15:00 18.5 258 9.140

03.26.2010 0:45:00 17.0 251 9.116

03.26.2010 1:15:00 18.8 246 9.140

03.26.2010 1:45:00 19.4 250 9.140

03.26.2010 2:15:00 21.4 246 9.163

03.26.2010 2:45:00 21.1 251 9.163

03.26.2010 3:15:00 21.1 249 9.187

03.26.2010 3:45:00 24.9 248 9.233

03.26.2010 4:15:00 22.9 251 9.187

03.26.2010 4:45:00 20.8 251 9.187

03.26.2010 5:15:00 21.7 247 9.187

03.26.2010 5:45:00 20.5 250 9.233

03.26.2010 6:15:00 19.9 254 9.233

03.26.2010 6:45:00 19.9 258 9.187

03.26.2010 7:15:00 20.5 261 9.187

03.26.2010 7:45:00 20.5 257 9.187

03.26.2010 8:15:00 20.5 259 9.187

03.26.2010 8:45:00 20.2 258 9.233

03.26.2010 9:15:00 21.1 263 9.233

03.26.2010 9:45:00 21.1 268 9.233

03.26.2010 10:15:00 21.7 265 9.187

03.26.2010 10:45:00 19.7 263 9.187

03.26.2010 11:15:00 17.3 258 9.187

03.26.2010 11:45:00 14.4 255 9.140

03.26.2010 12:15:00 16.4 252 9.116

03.26.2010 12:45:00 18.8 247 9.140

03.26.2010 13:15:00 17.6 247 9.163

03.26.2010 13:45:00 19.7 246 9.187

03.26.2010 14:15:00 21.7 251 9.257

03.26.2010 14:45:00 25.8 253 9.280

03.26.2010 15:15:00 26.1 253 9.233

03.26.2010 15:45:00 26.1 252 9.280

03.26.2010 16:15:00 25.5 256 9.304

03.26.2010 16:45:00 20.5 254 9.304

03.26.2010 17:15:00 17.9 258 9.304

03.26.2010 17:45:00 16.7 259 9.280

03.26.2010 18:15:00 17.9 255 9.280

03.26.2010 18:45:00 15.5 262 9.280

03.26.2010 19:15:00 15.8 258 9.327

03.26.2010 19:45:00 18.8 260 9.304

03.26.2010 20:15:00 19.4 258 9.327

03.26.2010 20:45:00 18.8 256 9.327

03.26.2010 21:15:00 19.4 256 9.374

03.26.2010 21:45:00 15.5 260 9.350

03.26.2010 22:15:00 10.9 265 9.350

03.26.2010 22:45:00 9.7 263 9.350

03.26.2010 23:15:00 10.0 261 9.327

03.26.2010 23:45:00 8.5 278 9.304

257
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.27.2010 0:15:00 8.8 262 9.304

03.27.2010 0:45:00 7.0 269 9.327

03.27.2010 1:15:00 8.5 277 9.233

03.27.2010 1:45:00 6.7 281 9.233

03.27.2010 2:15:00 5.3 259 9.233

03.27.2010 2:45:00 6.5 276 9.187

03.27.2010 3:15:00 5.6 262 9.140

03.27.2010 3:45:00 7.6 256 9.046

03.27.2010 4:15:00 6.7 247 9.046

03.27.2010 4:45:00 8.2 248 9.163

03.27.2010 5:15:00 8.2 248 9.187

03.27.2010 5:45:00 8.5 245 9.187

03.27.2010 6:15:00 9.1 256 9.257

03.27.2010 6:45:00 9.1 253 9.304

03.27.2010 7:15:00 8.5 257 9.327

03.27.2010 7:45:00 10.9 248 9.304

03.27.2010 8:15:00 9.7 252 9.304

03.27.2010 8:45:00 9.4 250 9.280

03.27.2010 9:15:00 10.6 236 9.233

03.27.2010 9:45:00 10.0 235 9.374

03.27.2010 10:15:00 11.4 254 9.374

03.27.2010 10:45:00 8.8 248 9.467

03.27.2010 11:15:00 9.7 251 9.280

03.27.2010 11:45:00 6.7 270 9.187

03.27.2010 12:15:00 3.8 284 9.187

03.27.2010 12:45:00 2.1 313 8.906

03.27.2010 13:15:00 0.9 289 8.976

03.27.2010 13:45:00 1.8 197 9.046

03.27.2010 14:15:00 4.4 197 9.070

03.27.2010 14:45:00 5.3 199 8.883

03.27.2010 15:15:00 5.0 219 8.906

03.27.2010 15:45:00 8.5 210 8.859

03.27.2010 16:15:00 6.5 203 8.883

03.27.2010 16:45:00 7.3 201 9.046

03.27.2010 17:15:00 5.3 182 9.046

03.27.2010 17:45:00 5.6 196 9.093

03.27.2010 18:15:00 7.0 214 9.093

03.27.2010 18:45:00 7.0 226 9.304

03.27.2010 19:15:00 5.3 236 9.187

03.27.2010 19:45:00 4.4 285 9.374

03.27.2010 20:15:00 4.7 299 9.304

03.27.2010 20:45:00 5.0 317 9.163

03.27.2010 21:15:00 4.7 336 8.953

03.27.2010 21:45:00 6.2 013 8.883

03.27.2010 22:15:00 2.9 013 8.906

03.27.2010 22:45:00 0.3 275 8.930

03.27.2010 23:15:00 2.3 173 8.953

03.27.2010 23:45:00 2.6 168 9.000

258
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.28.2010 0:15:00 0.9 201 9.023

03.28.2010 0:45:00 0.3 205 8.976

03.28.2010 1:15:00 2.6 131 8.953

03.28.2010 1:45:00 2.6 130 8.859

03.28.2010 2:15:00 3.2 161 8.813

03.28.2010 2:45:00 2.6 165 8.789

03.28.2010 3:15:00 3.5 177 8.859

03.28.2010 3:45:00 4.4 211 8.859

03.28.2010 4:15:00 5.3 212 8.906

03.28.2010 4:45:00 5.9 213 9.046

03.28.2010 5:15:00 5.0 198 9.140

03.28.2010 5:45:00 4.1 194 9.187

03.28.2010 6:15:00 2.1 243 8.930

03.28.2010 6:45:00 2.1 359 9.000

03.28.2010 7:15:00 0.9 252 8.976

03.28.2010 7:45:00 3.8 251 8.976

03.28.2010 8:15:00 5.9 254 9.140

03.28.2010 8:45:00 5.9 267 9.187

03.28.2010 9:15:00 4.1 266 9.374

03.28.2010 9:45:00 2.6 253 9.304

03.28.2010 10:15:00 5.3 265 9.233

03.28.2010 10:45:00 2.9 269 9.000

03.28.2010 11:15:00 3.5 097 8.766

03.28.2010 11:45:00 2.6 125 8.813

03.28.2010 12:15:00 2.9 212 9.023

03.28.2010 12:45:00 6.2 263 9.116

03.28.2010 13:15:00 9.1 288 9.280

03.28.2010 13:45:00 4.1 299 9.187

03.28.2010 14:15:00 5.9 303 9.116

03.28.2010 14:45:00 7.0 298 9.187

03.28.2010 15:15:00 6.2 343 9.116

03.28.2010 15:45:00 5.0 329 8.813

03.28.2010 16:15:00 2.1 297 8.836

03.28.2010 16:45:00 4.1 276 8.813

03.28.2010 17:15:00 4.4 270 8.813

03.28.2010 17:45:00 5.0 263 8.883

03.28.2010 18:15:00 2.3 300 8.953

03.28.2010 18:45:00 0.9 354 8.930

03.28.2010 19:15:00 1.5 128 8.906

03.28.2010 19:45:00 4.4 191 8.883

03.28.2010 20:15:00 5.6 186 8.789

03.28.2010 20:45:00 5.9 184 8.813

03.28.2010 21:15:00 5.6 180 8.836

03.28.2010 21:45:00 5.6 201 8.836

03.28.2010 22:15:00 7.0 183 8.859

03.28.2010 22:45:00 7.0 184 8.859

03.28.2010 23:15:00 5.0 186 8.883

03.28.2010 23:45:00 4.1 198 8.883

259
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.29.2010 0:15:00 4.7 194 8.883

03.29.2010 0:45:00 1.2 266 8.836

03.29.2010 1:15:00 5.3 252 8.906

03.29.2010 1:45:00 5.9 225 8.906

03.29.2010 2:15:00 5.9 225 8.976

03.29.2010 2:45:00 6.5 236 8.976

03.29.2010 3:15:00 6.5 250 9.046

03.29.2010 3:45:00 5.6 262 9.116

03.29.2010 4:15:00 8.8 267 9.140

03.29.2010 4:45:00 7.9 272 9.116

03.29.2010 5:15:00 9.4 280 9.000

03.29.2010 5:45:00 9.7 271 9.070

03.29.2010 6:15:00 10.6 272 9.140

03.29.2010 6:45:00 9.1 284 9.140

03.29.2010 7:15:00 7.3 291 8.789

03.29.2010 7:45:00 1.8 260 8.649

03.29.2010 8:15:00 1.5 223 8.696

03.29.2010 8:45:00 4.4 185 8.766

03.29.2010 9:15:00 6.2 211 8.743

03.29.2010 9:45:00 7.3 259 8.930

03.29.2010 10:15:00 7.3 285 8.859

03.29.2010 10:45:00 5.6 279 8.836

03.29.2010 11:15:00 4.1 270 8.743

03.29.2010 11:45:00 2.6 292 8.766

03.29.2010 12:15:00 2.1 270 8.743

03.29.2010 12:45:00 3.5 235 8.626

03.29.2010 13:15:00 5.3 220 8.719

03.29.2010 13:45:00 7.3 205 8.626

03.29.2010 14:15:00 8.5 207 8.603

03.29.2010 14:45:00 7.3 209 8.626

03.29.2010 15:15:00 8.5 201 8.626

03.29.2010 15:45:00 7.6 212 8.626

03.29.2010 16:15:00 8.2 216 8.603

03.29.2010 16:45:00 8.2 217 8.626

03.29.2010 17:15:00 7.9 212 8.696

03.29.2010 17:45:00 7.6 230 8.789

03.29.2010 18:15:00 7.3 243 9.000

03.29.2010 18:45:00 4.7 248 9.046

03.29.2010 19:15:00 4.7 251 9.070

03.29.2010 19:45:00 4.1 258 8.953

03.29.2010 20:15:00 7.9 245 9.046

03.29.2010 20:45:00 7.3 241 9.070

03.29.2010 21:15:00 8.2 247 9.093

03.29.2010 21:45:00 10.6 256 9.023

03.29.2010 22:15:00 9.1 258 8.976

03.29.2010 22:45:00 7.6 271 9.046

03.29.2010 23:15:00 5.9 269 9.093

03.29.2010 23:45:00 6.2 275 8.883

260
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.30.2010 0:15:00 5.9 276 8.813

03.30.2010 0:45:00 0.3 175 8.766

03.30.2010 1:15:00 2.3 179 8.789

03.30.2010 1:45:00 2.3 178 8.743

03.30.2010 2:15:00 4.4 210 8.696

03.30.2010 2:45:00 5.0 190 8.673

03.30.2010 3:15:00 4.4 191 8.719

03.30.2010 3:45:00 3.5 199 8.719

03.30.2010 4:15:00 3.2 202 8.766

03.30.2010 4:45:00 2.6 213 8.719

03.30.2010 5:15:00 4.1 275 8.696

03.30.2010 5:45:00 7.3 282 8.696

03.30.2010 6:15:00 3.8 316 8.626

03.30.2010 6:45:00 4.4 270 8.696

03.30.2010 7:15:00 6.7 275 8.626

03.30.2010 7:45:00 6.7 286 8.696

03.30.2010 8:15:00 7.9 287 8.673

03.30.2010 8:45:00 9.1 299 8.673

03.30.2010 9:15:00 6.2 299 8.673

03.30.2010 9:45:00 4.7 295 8.673

03.30.2010 10:15:00 2.9 267 8.766

03.30.2010 10:45:00 2.9 243 8.813

03.30.2010 11:15:00 2.9 222 8.789

03.30.2010 11:45:00 4.4 222 8.696

03.30.2010 12:15:00 3.2 240 8.556

03.30.2010 12:45:00 4.1 202 8.556

03.30.2010 13:15:00 6.5 199 8.439

03.30.2010 13:45:00 8.5 192 8.486

03.30.2010 14:15:00 7.6 190 8.486

03.30.2010 14:45:00 6.7 198 8.486

03.30.2010 15:15:00 6.5 203 8.533

03.30.2010 15:45:00 4.7 231 8.603

03.30.2010 16:15:00 4.1 215 8.603

03.30.2010 16:45:00 5.9 280 8.673

03.30.2010 17:15:00 6.7 289 8.673

03.30.2010 17:45:00 8.5 267 8.533

03.30.2010 18:15:00 7.6 277 8.719

03.30.2010 18:45:00 8.5 284 8.673

03.30.2010 19:15:00 7.6 287 8.556

03.30.2010 19:45:00 7.3 288 8.533

03.30.2010 20:15:00 10.0 289 8.696

03.30.2010 20:45:00 10.9 295 8.696

03.30.2010 21:15:00 10.6 288 8.533

03.30.2010 21:45:00 9.1 294 8.393

03.30.2010 22:15:00 10.0 281 8.603

03.30.2010 22:45:00 7.6 263 8.789

03.30.2010 23:15:00 5.3 213 8.766

03.30.2010 23:45:00 5.3 201 8.719

261
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

03.31.2010 0:15:00 4.1 193 8.719

03.31.2010 0:45:00 2.3 185 8.696

03.31.2010 1:15:00 3.2 196 8.673

03.31.2010 1:45:00 4.1 215 8.626

03.31.2010 2:15:00 4.1 220 8.603

03.31.2010 2:45:00 3.8 265 8.603

03.31.2010 3:15:00 5.0 268 8.696

03.31.2010 3:45:00 3.2 276 8.696

03.31.2010 4:15:00 2.3 245 8.673

03.31.2010 4:45:00 3.2 250 8.649

03.31.2010 5:15:00 3.8 253 8.673

03.31.2010 5:45:00 3.8 238 8.743

03.31.2010 6:15:00 3.2 235 8.673

03.31.2010 6:45:00 2.1 250 8.509

03.31.2010 7:15:00 1.2 251 8.486

03.31.2010 7:45:00 4.7 241 8.463

03.31.2010 8:15:00 9.1 236 8.463

03.31.2010 8:45:00 9.7 244 8.486

03.31.2010 9:15:00 7.3 257 8.463

03.31.2010 9:45:00 8.2 255 8.533

03.31.2010 10:15:00 6.2 234 8.463

03.31.2010 10:45:00 6.2 233 8.509

03.31.2010 11:15:00 7.9 234 8.486

03.31.2010 11:45:00 7.9 214 8.439

03.31.2010 12:15:00 8.8 210 8.486

03.31.2010 12:45:00 10.0 218 8.579

03.31.2010 13:15:00 10.9 219 8.603

03.31.2010 13:45:00 10.9 214 8.719

03.31.2010 14:15:00 11.7 219 8.673

03.31.2010 14:45:00 11.7 223 8.789

03.31.2010 15:15:00 11.1 231 8.789

03.31.2010 15:45:00 7.3 242 8.743

03.31.2010 16:15:00 10.0 254 8.789

03.31.2010 16:45:00 11.7 256 8.626

03.31.2010 17:15:00 14.4 254 8.533

03.31.2010 17:45:00 14.4 255 8.556

03.31.2010 18:15:00 15.5 257 8.439

03.31.2010 18:45:00 16.1 265 8.439

03.31.2010 19:15:00 17.3 259 8.439

03.31.2010 19:45:00 17.6 256 8.509

03.31.2010 20:15:00 15.5 260 8.439

03.31.2010 20:45:00 16.4 260 8.416

03.31.2010 21:15:00 15.8 257 8.416

03.31.2010 21:45:00 16.1 259 8.393

03.31.2010 22:15:00 17.3 258 8.416

03.31.2010 22:45:00 18.8 265 8.416

03.31.2010 23:15:00 19.1 262 8.439

03.31.2010 23:45:00 20.5 261 8.416

262
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/4/2010 0:15:00 19.1 258 8.416

1/4/2010 0:45:00 19.4 258 8.416

1/4/2010 1:15:00 16.1 266 8.439

1/4/2010 1:45:00 15.5 266 8.486

1/4/2010 2:15:00 18.8 264 8.439

1/4/2010 2:45:00 20.5 262 8.486

1/4/2010 3:15:00 24.3 258 8.439

1/4/2010 3:45:00 21.1 259 8.439

1/4/2010 4:15:00 22.6 252 8.463

1/4/2010 4:45:00 25.8 249 8.486

1/4/2010 5:15:00 24.6 253 8.439

1/4/2010 5:45:00 26.1 256 8.486

1/4/2010 6:15:00 27.3 252 8.486

1/4/2010 6:45:00 25.5 249 8.486

1/4/2010 7:15:00 29.0 247 8.486

1/4/2010 7:45:00 32.6 246 8.486

1/4/2010 8:15:00 30.8 248 8.463

1/4/2010 8:45:00 31.4 251 8.463

1/4/2010 9:15:00 32.3 255 8.439

1/4/2010 9:45:00 32.6 255 8.463

1/4/2010 10:15:00 33.7 257 8.439

1/4/2010 10:45:00 36.1 258 8.393

1/4/2010 11:15:00 36.4 256 8.393

1/4/2010 11:45:00 31.1 256 8.323

1/4/2010 12:15:00 28.5 256 8.346

1/4/2010 12:45:00 27.3 256 8.369

1/4/2010 13:15:00 24.3 254 8.346

1/4/2010 13:45:00 23.5 256 8.369

1/4/2010 14:15:00 24.6 255 8.323

1/4/2010 14:45:00 25.2 258 8.346

1/4/2010 15:15:00 26.7 251 8.346

1/4/2010 15:45:00 24.6 255 8.346

1/4/2010 16:15:00 23.5 253 8.393

1/4/2010 16:45:00 25.5 256 8.393

1/4/2010 17:15:00 28.2 261 8.393

1/4/2010 17:45:00 25.8 257 8.416

1/4/2010 18:15:00 27.6 257 8.393

1/4/2010 18:45:00 29.6 255 8.393

1/4/2010 19:15:00 29.6 254 8.393

1/4/2010 19:45:00 28.5 248 8.416

1/4/2010 20:15:00 30.8 244 8.439

1/4/2010 20:45:00 29.3 248 8.486

1/4/2010 21:15:00 34.6 247 8.486

1/4/2010 21:45:00 32.0 247 8.486

1/4/2010 22:15:00 31.7 248 8.509

1/4/2010 22:45:00 34.6 249 8.509

1/4/2010 23:15:00 35.8 250 8.533

1/4/2010 23:45:00 34.9 250 8.533

263
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/4/2010 0:15:00 31.1 254 8.509

2/4/2010 0:45:00 29.6 258 8.509

2/4/2010 1:15:00 29.3 253 8.533

2/4/2010 1:45:00 27.6 256 8.556

2/4/2010 2:15:00 29.3 257 8.533

2/4/2010 2:45:00 30.5 256 8.533

2/4/2010 3:15:00 29.9 258 8.579

2/4/2010 3:45:00 28.7 262 8.579

2/4/2010 4:15:00 27.9 256 8.626

2/4/2010 4:45:00 25.8 253 8.579

2/4/2010 5:15:00 26.4 253 8.579

2/4/2010 5:45:00 27.0 252 8.579

2/4/2010 6:15:00 22.0 257 8.579

2/4/2010 6:45:00 24.3 252 8.579

2/4/2010 7:15:00 26.1 247 8.556

2/4/2010 7:45:00 26.4 249 8.533

2/4/2010 8:15:00 22.9 249 8.439

2/4/2010 8:45:00 23.5 248 8.369

2/4/2010 9:15:00 27.0 252 8.346

2/4/2010 9:45:00 29.3 250 8.346

2/4/2010 10:15:00 29.6 248 8.486

2/4/2010 10:45:00 27.9 248 8.439

2/4/2010 11:15:00 25.2 249 8.439

2/4/2010 11:45:00 24.1 249 8.416

2/4/2010 12:15:00 27.6 248 8.416

2/4/2010 12:45:00 27.3 244 8.416

2/4/2010 13:15:00 26.1 241 8.486

2/4/2010 13:45:00 25.8 236 8.509

2/4/2010 14:15:00 31.1 235 8.509

2/4/2010 14:45:00 32.3 234 8.579

2/4/2010 15:15:00 30.2 236 8.603

2/4/2010 15:45:00 28.5 236 8.603

2/4/2010 16:15:00 29.9 237 8.626

2/4/2010 16:45:00 24.9 240 8.649

2/4/2010 17:15:00 23.5 242 8.673

2/4/2010 17:45:00 16.4 239 8.696

2/4/2010 18:15:00 11.4 236 8.696

2/4/2010 18:45:00 16.7 233 8.696

2/4/2010 19:15:00 21.7 230 8.696

2/4/2010 19:45:00 25.5 232 8.719

2/4/2010 20:15:00 27.3 236 8.719

2/4/2010 20:45:00 26.4 238 8.766

2/4/2010 21:15:00 30.8 240 8.766

2/4/2010 21:45:00 33.4 241 8.883

2/4/2010 22:15:00 35.8 246 8.859

2/4/2010 22:45:00 36.7 250 8.859

2/4/2010 23:15:00 34.0 254 8.883

2/4/2010 23:45:00 27.3 254 8.859

264
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/4/2010 0:15:00 22.9 257 8.859

3/4/2010 0:45:00 17.6 258 8.883

3/4/2010 1:15:00 20.2 257 8.836

3/4/2010 1:45:00 23.2 250 8.789

3/4/2010 2:15:00 21.7 259 8.696

3/4/2010 2:45:00 19.9 257 8.766

3/4/2010 3:15:00 23.5 252 8.766

3/4/2010 3:45:00 24.3 252 8.696

3/4/2010 4:15:00 23.5 250 8.673

3/4/2010 4:45:00 20.5 250 8.743

3/4/2010 5:15:00 21.4 253 8.836

3/4/2010 5:45:00 22.3 251 8.859

3/4/2010 6:15:00 22.6 250 8.789

3/4/2010 6:45:00 19.7 248 8.883

3/4/2010 7:15:00 20.2 248 8.789

3/4/2010 7:45:00 19.7 252 8.813

3/4/2010 8:15:00 20.5 246 8.766

3/4/2010 8:45:00 21.1 243 8.766

3/4/2010 9:15:00 21.7 237 8.813

3/4/2010 9:45:00 22.6 242 8.906

3/4/2010 10:15:00 27.6 246 8.906

3/4/2010 10:45:00 27.9 246 8.930

3/4/2010 11:15:00 28.5 252 8.859

3/4/2010 11:45:00 24.9 253 8.836

3/4/2010 12:15:00 20.8 260 8.836

3/4/2010 12:45:00 16.4 262 8.813

3/4/2010 13:15:00 11.1 251 8.813

3/4/2010 13:45:00 7.9 200 8.789

3/4/2010 14:15:00 7.0 175 8.789

3/4/2010 14:45:00 7.9 186 8.789

3/4/2010 15:15:00 12.6 218 8.766

3/4/2010 15:45:00 15.8 224 8.789

3/4/2010 16:15:00 17.9 232 8.813

3/4/2010 16:45:00 18.2 237 8.789

3/4/2010 17:15:00 20.2 243 8.813

3/4/2010 17:45:00 21.7 242 8.859

3/4/2010 18:15:00 23.2 244 8.883

3/4/2010 18:45:00 22.6 248 8.789

3/4/2010 19:15:00 20.5 247 8.836

3/4/2010 19:45:00 21.1 239 8.906

3/4/2010 20:15:00 22.9 240 8.906

3/4/2010 20:45:00 19.9 243 8.813

3/4/2010 21:15:00 14.4 250 8.813

3/4/2010 21:45:00 16.7 259 8.766

3/4/2010 22:15:00 15.8 262 8.743

3/4/2010 22:45:00 18.5 250 8.766

3/4/2010 23:15:00 20.5 243 8.766

3/4/2010 23:45:00 22.3 243 8.743

265
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/4/2010 0:15:00 17.9 255 8.696

4/4/2010 0:45:00 19.7 256 8.743

4/4/2010 1:15:00 20.8 247 8.789

4/4/2010 1:45:00 19.7 258 8.719

4/4/2010 2:15:00 19.1 255 8.696

4/4/2010 2:45:00 19.9 250 8.859

4/4/2010 3:15:00 22.0 249 8.813

4/4/2010 3:45:00 22.6 251 8.813

4/4/2010 4:15:00 22.6 248 8.836

4/4/2010 4:45:00 22.3 249 8.789

4/4/2010 5:15:00 21.4 258 8.626

4/4/2010 5:45:00 20.5 253 8.556

4/4/2010 6:15:00 20.8 252 8.579

4/4/2010 6:45:00 19.7 251 8.603

4/4/2010 7:15:00 18.8 248 8.813

4/4/2010 7:45:00 21.7 251 8.766

4/4/2010 8:15:00 22.6 249 8.719

4/4/2010 8:45:00 19.7 248 8.626

4/4/2010 9:15:00 22.9 248 8.626

4/4/2010 9:45:00 22.3 249 8.603

4/4/2010 10:15:00 23.2 252 8.579

4/4/2010 10:45:00 24.1 252 8.579

4/4/2010 11:15:00 25.2 245 8.603

4/4/2010 11:45:00 25.2 248 8.603

4/4/2010 12:15:00 25.2 250 8.579

4/4/2010 12:45:00 24.3 249 8.579

4/4/2010 13:15:00 24.9 248 8.509

4/4/2010 13:45:00 23.8 251 8.556

4/4/2010 14:15:00 24.3 250 8.579

4/4/2010 14:45:00 21.4 257 8.533

4/4/2010 15:15:00 19.1 261 8.556

4/4/2010 15:45:00 20.8 257 8.649

4/4/2010 16:15:00 21.4 256 8.626

4/4/2010 16:45:00 20.8 253 8.626

4/4/2010 17:15:00 17.9 253 8.626

4/4/2010 17:45:00 16.7 256 8.579

4/4/2010 18:15:00 14.4 254 8.556

4/4/2010 18:45:00 13.8 253 8.556

4/4/2010 19:15:00 21.1 251 8.696

4/4/2010 19:45:00 22.3 247 8.649

4/4/2010 20:15:00 23.2 240 8.509

4/4/2010 20:45:00 24.1 238 8.696

4/4/2010 21:15:00 25.5 236 8.766

4/4/2010 21:45:00 24.9 241 8.859

4/4/2010 22:15:00 27.0 246 8.883

4/4/2010 22:45:00 26.7 249 8.766

4/4/2010 23:15:00 27.3 248 8.766

4/4/2010 23:45:00 26.7 246 8.719

266
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/4/2010 0:15:00 26.4 243 8.626

5/4/2010 0:45:00 25.5 238 8.673

5/4/2010 1:15:00 24.9 244 8.649

5/4/2010 1:45:00 26.4 245 8.603

5/4/2010 2:15:00 26.1 247 8.603

5/4/2010 2:45:00 26.1 252 8.556

5/4/2010 3:15:00 24.6 250 8.509

5/4/2010 3:45:00 24.3 254 8.486

5/4/2010 4:15:00 22.9 255 8.463

5/4/2010 4:45:00 20.2 269 8.416

5/4/2010 5:15:00 21.1 261 8.393

5/4/2010 5:45:00 23.2 254 8.439

5/4/2010 6:15:00 23.5 254 8.439

5/4/2010 6:45:00 23.2 257 8.416

5/4/2010 7:15:00 20.5 261 8.346

5/4/2010 7:45:00 19.7 261 8.276

5/4/2010 8:15:00 17.6 258 8.299

5/4/2010 8:45:00 18.5 251 8.276

5/4/2010 9:15:00 22.6 250 8.299

5/4/2010 9:45:00 22.6 252 8.276

5/4/2010 10:15:00 21.7 250 8.416

5/4/2010 10:45:00 20.5 251 8.323

5/4/2010 11:15:00 21.4 249 8.393

5/4/2010 11:45:00 21.7 248 8.159

5/4/2010 12:15:00 21.1 243 8.299

5/4/2010 12:45:00 19.1 244 8.299

5/4/2010 13:15:00 17.9 242 8.253

5/4/2010 13:45:00 19.7 246 8.323

5/4/2010 14:15:00 19.1 247 8.299

5/4/2010 14:45:00 18.5 246 8.253

5/4/2010 15:15:00 16.7 249 8.299

5/4/2010 15:45:00 15.3 255 8.229

5/4/2010 16:15:00 16.7 260 8.229

5/4/2010 16:45:00 15.3 258 8.253

5/4/2010 17:15:00 16.4 252 8.486

5/4/2010 17:45:00 17.3 252 8.626

5/4/2010 18:15:00 19.4 254 8.673

5/4/2010 18:45:00 18.8 254 8.673

5/4/2010 19:15:00 19.7 252 8.719

5/4/2010 19:45:00 18.5 256 8.719

5/4/2010 20:15:00 18.5 257 8.719

5/4/2010 20:45:00 19.1 254 8.789

5/4/2010 21:15:00 22.3 254 8.719

5/4/2010 21:45:00 22.9 256 8.626

5/4/2010 22:15:00 17.6 256 8.369

5/4/2010 22:45:00 5.3 280 8.346

5/4/2010 23:15:00 0.9 310 8.369

5/4/2010 23:45:00 7.3 241 8.299

267
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/4/2010 0:15:00 19.1 247 8.603

6/4/2010 0:45:00 22.3 245 8.626

6/4/2010 1:15:00 26.4 252 8.626

6/4/2010 1:45:00 26.7 255 8.673

6/4/2010 2:15:00 25.2 257 8.696

6/4/2010 2:45:00 25.2 253 8.719

6/4/2010 3:15:00 25.2 255 8.603

6/4/2010 3:45:00 25.5 256 8.556

6/4/2010 4:15:00 21.1 256 8.393

6/4/2010 4:45:00 13.5 267 8.346

6/4/2010 5:15:00 2.1 233 8.183

6/4/2010 5:45:00 4.4 206 8.206

6/4/2010 6:15:00 7.6 200 8.206

6/4/2010 6:45:00 6.5 192 8.089

6/4/2010 7:15:00 5.6 195 8.066

6/4/2010 7:45:00 7.6 191 8.066

6/4/2010 8:15:00 6.5 178 8.043

6/4/2010 8:45:00 7.9 194 8.066

6/4/2010 9:15:00 10.6 227 8.229

6/4/2010 9:45:00 14.7 231 8.323

6/4/2010 10:15:00 15.8 233 8.486

6/4/2010 10:45:00 16.1 236 8.509

6/4/2010 11:15:00 17.0 235 8.463

6/4/2010 11:45:00 17.0 230 8.393

6/4/2010 12:15:00 15.3 231 8.439

6/4/2010 12:45:00 15.8 231 8.486

6/4/2010 13:15:00 16.1 230 8.229

6/4/2010 13:45:00 15.3 230 8.299

6/4/2010 14:15:00 19.7 227 8.369

6/4/2010 14:45:00 22.0 233 8.439

6/4/2010 15:15:00 21.7 243 8.509

6/4/2010 15:45:00 21.1 243 8.509

6/4/2010 16:15:00 20.8 243 8.626

6/4/2010 16:45:00 19.9 249 8.486

6/4/2010 17:15:00 20.5 248 8.509

6/4/2010 17:45:00 20.5 244 8.696

6/4/2010 18:15:00 18.8 247 8.533

6/4/2010 18:45:00 19.7 247 8.673

6/4/2010 19:15:00 19.7 251 8.766

6/4/2010 19:45:00 18.5 251 8.789

6/4/2010 20:15:00 19.7 251 8.789

6/4/2010 20:45:00 19.9 246 8.743

6/4/2010 21:15:00 19.4 254 8.626

6/4/2010 21:45:00 16.4 257 8.556

6/4/2010 22:15:00 14.4 258 8.556

6/4/2010 22:45:00 11.7 254 8.556

6/4/2010 23:15:00 9.1 234 8.533

6/4/2010 23:45:00 11.4 220 8.509

268
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/4/2010 0:15:00 11.7 219 8.533

7/4/2010 0:45:00 12.0 215 8.439

7/4/2010 1:15:00 14.4 218 8.509

7/4/2010 1:45:00 18.2 227 8.416

7/4/2010 2:15:00 19.9 234 8.579

7/4/2010 2:45:00 22.9 242 8.766

7/4/2010 3:15:00 21.7 246 8.696

7/4/2010 3:45:00 21.1 251 8.626

7/4/2010 4:15:00 22.6 252 8.533

7/4/2010 4:45:00 24.1 256 8.533

7/4/2010 5:15:00 19.9 264 8.486

7/4/2010 5:45:00 17.6 264 8.486

7/4/2010 6:15:00 14.1 266 8.486

7/4/2010 6:45:00 11.7 262 8.369

7/4/2010 7:15:00 12.9 256 8.323

7/4/2010 7:45:00 14.7 250 8.323

7/4/2010 8:15:00 16.4 250 8.369

7/4/2010 8:45:00 16.4 252 8.393

7/4/2010 9:15:00 12.0 248 8.393

7/4/2010 9:45:00 8.8 234 8.346

7/4/2010 10:15:00 10.0 227 8.369

7/4/2010 10:45:00 9.1 226 8.346

7/4/2010 11:15:00 10.9 230 8.346

7/4/2010 11:45:00 10.9 232 8.346

7/4/2010 12:15:00 11.1 228 8.346

7/4/2010 12:45:00 10.0 216 8.229

7/4/2010 13:15:00 11.7 213 8.206

7/4/2010 13:45:00 11.1 211 8.206

7/4/2010 14:15:00 13.2 210 8.253

7/4/2010 14:45:00 15.3 214 8.253

7/4/2010 15:15:00 13.2 224 8.369

7/4/2010 15:45:00 14.1 227 8.369

7/4/2010 16:15:00 12.3 226 8.416

7/4/2010 16:45:00 12.6 221 8.439

7/4/2010 17:15:00 14.7 227 8.509

7/4/2010 17:45:00 15.3 236 8.603

7/4/2010 18:15:00 17.3 237 8.579

7/4/2010 18:45:00 16.4 237 8.626

7/4/2010 19:15:00 17.0 239 8.813

7/4/2010 19:45:00 19.4 242 8.766

7/4/2010 20:15:00 19.7 245 8.743

7/4/2010 20:45:00 19.9 246 8.836

7/4/2010 21:15:00 20.8 244 8.649

7/4/2010 21:45:00 17.9 248 8.626

7/4/2010 22:15:00 17.0 248 8.673

7/4/2010 22:45:00 19.4 245 8.649

7/4/2010 23:15:00 18.2 241 8.673

7/4/2010 23:45:00 17.3 238 8.673

269
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/4/2010 0:15:00 16.7 243 8.673

8/4/2010 0:45:00 19.4 245 8.719

8/4/2010 1:15:00 20.5 251 8.649

8/4/2010 1:45:00 22.6 249 8.696

8/4/2010 2:15:00 21.1 251 8.719

8/4/2010 2:45:00 19.1 250 8.719

8/4/2010 3:15:00 17.3 258 8.603

8/4/2010 3:45:00 18.2 252 8.603

8/4/2010 4:15:00 18.2 255 8.603

8/4/2010 4:45:00 15.3 251 8.603

8/4/2010 5:15:00 17.9 252 8.556

8/4/2010 5:45:00 17.6 251 8.603

8/4/2010 6:15:00 19.1 256 8.696

8/4/2010 6:45:00 19.4 257 8.556

8/4/2010 7:15:00 19.1 253 8.556

8/4/2010 7:45:00 16.7 255 8.579

8/4/2010 8:15:00 15.5 257 8.509

8/4/2010 8:45:00 13.8 258 8.509

8/4/2010 9:15:00 14.4 250 8.533

8/4/2010 9:45:00 15.5 248 8.579

8/4/2010 10:15:00 15.3 243 8.649

8/4/2010 10:45:00 13.2 247 8.696

8/4/2010 11:15:00 16.1 244 8.743

8/4/2010 11:45:00 17.6 246 8.673

8/4/2010 12:15:00 17.6 239 8.673

8/4/2010 12:45:00 18.2 232 8.556

8/4/2010 13:15:00 16.4 227 8.509

8/4/2010 13:45:00 17.9 227 8.533

8/4/2010 14:15:00 18.8 224 8.603

8/4/2010 14:45:00 19.1 220 8.626

8/4/2010 15:15:00 18.8 226 8.649

8/4/2010 15:45:00 20.2 225 8.673

8/4/2010 16:15:00 20.5 227 8.766

8/4/2010 16:45:00 23.5 230 8.859

8/4/2010 17:15:00 24.1 232 8.883

8/4/2010 17:45:00 24.1 236 8.906

8/4/2010 18:15:00 22.9 242 8.766

8/4/2010 18:45:00 22.6 246 8.789

8/4/2010 19:15:00 23.8 244 8.813

8/4/2010 19:45:00 23.2 247 8.766

8/4/2010 20:15:00 23.8 247 8.813

8/4/2010 20:45:00 22.6 248 8.883

8/4/2010 21:15:00 22.0 249 8.906

8/4/2010 21:45:00 21.4 246 8.906

8/4/2010 22:15:00 24.1 242 8.906

8/4/2010 22:45:00 27.9 241 8.930

8/4/2010 23:15:00 28.2 238 8.766

8/4/2010 23:45:00 27.3 239 8.813

270
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/4/2010 0:15:00 26.1 242 8.906

9/4/2010 0:45:00 24.9 243 8.813

9/4/2010 1:15:00 24.3 248 8.789

9/4/2010 1:45:00 23.2 246 8.719

9/4/2010 2:15:00 26.1 248 8.673

9/4/2010 2:45:00 27.3 248 8.719

9/4/2010 3:15:00 27.0 246 8.696

9/4/2010 3:45:00 24.6 246 8.579

9/4/2010 4:15:00 22.3 250 8.626

9/4/2010 4:45:00 22.3 251 8.556

9/4/2010 5:15:00 22.0 250 8.533

9/4/2010 5:45:00 21.7 252 8.556

9/4/2010 6:15:00 21.4 250 8.533

9/4/2010 6:45:00 21.4 252 8.603

9/4/2010 7:15:00 19.4 254 8.486

9/4/2010 7:45:00 19.4 260 8.509

9/4/2010 8:15:00 17.9 254 8.556

9/4/2010 8:45:00 18.2 253 8.556

9/4/2010 9:15:00 17.6 252 8.509

9/4/2010 9:45:00 17.3 250 8.486

9/4/2010 10:15:00 17.6 254 8.439

9/4/2010 10:45:00 19.1 248 8.416

9/4/2010 11:15:00 18.2 246 8.486

9/4/2010 11:45:00 19.9 240 8.416

9/4/2010 12:15:00 19.9 233 8.439

9/4/2010 12:45:00 20.5 231 8.463

9/4/2010 13:15:00 19.7 227 8.509

9/4/2010 13:45:00 21.7 229 8.463

9/4/2010 14:15:00 23.5 228 8.439

9/4/2010 14:45:00 22.6 228 8.486

9/4/2010 15:15:00 24.1 223 8.603

9/4/2010 15:45:00 24.3 226 8.533

9/4/2010 16:15:00 22.9 227 8.579

9/4/2010 16:45:00 23.2 233 8.626

9/4/2010 17:15:00 22.6 233 8.696

9/4/2010 17:45:00 24.3 231 8.673

9/4/2010 18:15:00 22.3 237 8.603

9/4/2010 18:45:00 24.6 241 8.649

9/4/2010 19:15:00 23.5 248 8.649

9/4/2010 19:45:00 23.5 247 8.696

9/4/2010 20:15:00 22.9 250 8.556

9/4/2010 20:45:00 21.1 252 8.533

9/4/2010 21:15:00 21.7 250 8.533

9/4/2010 21:45:00 20.5 249 8.556

9/4/2010 22:15:00 21.7 251 8.533

9/4/2010 22:45:00 22.6 251 8.439

9/4/2010 23:15:00 22.9 251 8.463

9/4/2010 23:45:00 22.6 255 8.393

271
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/4/2010 0:15:00 22.3 255 8.346

10/4/2010 0:45:00 22.0 251 8.369

10/4/2010 1:15:00 20.2 255 8.323

10/4/2010 1:45:00 21.7 254 8.346

10/4/2010 2:15:00 21.1 254 8.323

10/4/2010 2:45:00 20.8 252 8.393

10/4/2010 3:15:00 17.0 245 8.393

10/4/2010 3:45:00 15.8 249 8.346

10/4/2010 4:15:00 14.7 246 8.393

10/4/2010 4:45:00 15.8 245 8.369

10/4/2010 5:15:00 16.7 245 8.463

10/4/2010 5:45:00 17.6 244 8.439

10/4/2010 6:15:00 17.9 247 8.416

10/4/2010 6:45:00 16.4 248 8.346

10/4/2010 7:15:00 17.3 249 8.299

10/4/2010 7:45:00 16.4 248 8.299

10/4/2010 8:15:00 15.8 255 8.323

10/4/2010 8:45:00 15.3 250 8.229

10/4/2010 9:15:00 13.2 251 8.159

10/4/2010 9:45:00 15.0 247 8.136

10/4/2010 10:15:00 15.5 248 8.136

10/4/2010 10:45:00 16.4 240 8.136

10/4/2010 11:15:00 15.8 240 8.183

10/4/2010 11:45:00 15.3 240 8.206

10/4/2010 12:15:00 16.4 238 8.299

10/4/2010 12:45:00 18.2 243 8.439

10/4/2010 13:15:00 15.8 235 8.253

10/4/2010 13:45:00 18.2 240 8.416

10/4/2010 14:15:00 18.5 240 8.416

10/4/2010 14:45:00 18.5 245 8.463

10/4/2010 15:15:00 18.5 246 8.369

10/4/2010 15:45:00 19.7 246 8.323

10/4/2010 16:15:00 19.9 248 8.323

10/4/2010 16:45:00 20.8 246 8.346

10/4/2010 17:15:00 22.0 243 8.369

10/4/2010 17:45:00 22.3 246 8.393

10/4/2010 18:15:00 21.7 247 8.416

10/4/2010 18:45:00 23.2 247 8.369

10/4/2010 19:15:00 22.9 246 8.393

10/4/2010 19:45:00 21.1 248 8.323

10/4/2010 20:15:00 20.8 250 8.393

10/4/2010 20:45:00 19.4 247 8.323

10/4/2010 21:15:00 18.8 246 8.229

10/4/2010 21:45:00 17.6 242 8.229

10/4/2010 22:15:00 19.4 237 8.346

10/4/2010 22:45:00 21.7 242 8.439

10/4/2010 23:15:00 22.9 243 8.439

10/4/2010 23:45:00 22.0 245 8.393

272
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/4/2010 0:15:00 22.0 246 8.369

11/4/2010 0:45:00 21.7 241 8.439

11/4/2010 1:15:00 19.9 240 8.369

11/4/2010 1:45:00 18.8 240 8.229

11/4/2010 2:15:00 17.3 242 8.276

11/4/2010 2:45:00 17.9 243 8.159

11/4/2010 3:15:00 18.2 244 8.183

11/4/2010 3:45:00 20.2 248 8.159

11/4/2010 4:15:00 19.4 248 8.136

11/4/2010 4:45:00 17.6 249 8.089

11/4/2010 5:15:00 17.0 248 8.113

11/4/2010 5:45:00 15.3 248 8.113

11/4/2010 6:15:00 17.0 251 8.159

11/4/2010 6:45:00 19.4 251 8.136

11/4/2010 7:15:00 19.7 252 8.159

11/4/2010 7:45:00 18.5 252 8.183

11/4/2010 8:15:00 17.6 250 8.206

11/4/2010 8:45:00 17.9 253 8.206

11/4/2010 9:15:00 19.1 250 8.206

11/4/2010 9:45:00 19.1 247 8.206

11/4/2010 10:15:00 19.4 250 8.229

11/4/2010 10:45:00 19.9 252 8.183

11/4/2010 11:15:00 19.4 252 8.229

11/4/2010 11:45:00 19.4 251 8.229

11/4/2010 12:15:00 18.5 246 8.229

11/4/2010 12:45:00 18.5 244 8.229

11/4/2010 13:15:00 19.7 245 8.229

11/4/2010 13:45:00 19.1 245 8.229

11/4/2010 14:15:00 20.5 240 8.229

11/4/2010 14:45:00 17.9 239 8.113

11/4/2010 15:15:00 17.3 239 8.089

11/4/2010 15:45:00 16.7 239 8.113

11/4/2010 16:15:00 16.4 236 8.206

11/4/2010 16:45:00 17.3 238 8.183

11/4/2010 17:15:00 17.6 235 8.229

11/4/2010 17:45:00 19.1 235 8.206

11/4/2010 18:15:00 20.5 233 8.206

11/4/2010 18:45:00 20.8 235 8.323

11/4/2010 19:15:00 20.5 235 8.299

11/4/2010 19:45:00 19.9 232 8.253

11/4/2010 20:15:00 21.1 234 8.253

11/4/2010 20:45:00 20.5 232 8.229

11/4/2010 21:15:00 18.8 237 8.276

11/4/2010 21:45:00 20.5 239 8.183

11/4/2010 22:15:00 19.4 240 8.136

11/4/2010 22:45:00 19.7 236 8.183

11/4/2010 23:15:00 19.9 241 8.183

11/4/2010 23:45:00 17.9 238 8.206

273
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/4/2010 0:15:00 19.1 237 8.206

12/4/2010 0:45:00 19.9 232 8.136

12/4/2010 1:15:00 19.7 235 8.136

12/4/2010 1:45:00 20.2 233 8.276

12/4/2010 2:15:00 21.1 234 8.206

12/4/2010 2:45:00 19.9 240 8.113

12/4/2010 3:15:00 18.5 240 8.089

12/4/2010 3:45:00 18.5 240 8.113

12/4/2010 4:15:00 20.2 238 8.113

12/4/2010 4:45:00 20.5 244 8.089

12/4/2010 5:15:00 20.2 244 8.066

12/4/2010 5:45:00 21.1 246 8.089

12/4/2010 6:15:00 23.2 244 8.113

12/4/2010 6:45:00 23.5 243 8.113

12/4/2010 7:15:00 22.9 245 8.159

12/4/2010 7:45:00 22.0 247 8.159

12/4/2010 8:15:00 23.2 244 8.183

12/4/2010 8:45:00 22.0 245 8.159

12/4/2010 9:15:00 22.3 243 8.206

12/4/2010 9:45:00 23.8 244 8.206

12/4/2010 10:15:00 19.7 241 8.136

12/4/2010 10:45:00 18.8 244 8.159

12/4/2010 11:15:00 19.7 243 8.229

12/4/2010 11:45:00 19.7 242 8.113

12/4/2010 12:15:00 19.7 241 8.159

12/4/2010 12:45:00 17.9 239 8.066

12/4/2010 13:15:00 19.9 242 8.113

12/4/2010 13:45:00 20.8 242 8.066

12/4/2010 14:15:00 21.1 240 8.183

12/4/2010 14:45:00 21.4 238 8.089

12/4/2010 15:15:00 20.8 240 8.089

12/4/2010 15:45:00 21.1 240 8.113

12/4/2010 16:15:00 20.5 241 8.113

12/4/2010 16:45:00 21.7 238 8.276

12/4/2010 17:15:00 20.5 238 8.136

12/4/2010 17:45:00 20.5 232 8.136

12/4/2010 18:15:00 20.8 233 8.136

12/4/2010 18:45:00 21.7 235 8.113

12/4/2010 19:15:00 21.7 237 8.136

12/4/2010 19:45:00 23.5 235 8.113

12/4/2010 20:15:00 24.3 237 8.113

12/4/2010 20:45:00 23.5 232 8.113

12/4/2010 21:15:00 21.1 230 8.136

12/4/2010 21:45:00 22.3 233 8.136

12/4/2010 22:15:00 23.2 234 8.159

12/4/2010 22:45:00 24.1 236 8.159

12/4/2010 23:15:00 24.1 236 8.159

12/4/2010 23:45:00 24.3 234 8.136

274
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.13.2010 0:15:00 21.4 236 8.159

04.13.2010 0:45:00 22.3 243 8.113

04.13.2010 1:15:00 24.3 245 8.089

04.13.2010 1:45:00 25.2 243 8.089

04.13.2010 2:15:00 27.6 241 8.113

04.13.2010 2:45:00 28.5 240 8.229

04.13.2010 3:15:00 28.2 240 8.136

04.13.2010 3:45:00 29.0 239 8.113

04.13.2010 4:15:00 30.8 243 8.136

04.13.2010 4:45:00 30.8 244 8.113

04.13.2010 5:15:00 32.6 244 8.136

04.13.2010 5:45:00 31.4 245 8.066

04.13.2010 6:15:00 30.5 246 8.113

04.13.2010 6:45:00 28.7 245 8.089

04.13.2010 7:15:00 26.1 248 8.066

04.13.2010 7:45:00 23.5 250 8.043

04.13.2010 8:15:00 23.5 250 8.019

04.13.2010 8:45:00 24.1 250 7.996

04.13.2010 9:15:00 22.9 250 7.996

04.13.2010 9:45:00 21.1 251 7.973

04.13.2010 10:15:00 22.6 257 7.950

04.13.2010 10:45:00 19.9 260 7.926

04.13.2010 11:15:00 18.2 257 7.950

04.13.2010 11:45:00 14.4 256 7.950

04.13.2010 12:15:00 15.8 249 7.973

04.13.2010 12:45:00 19.4 252 8.043

04.13.2010 13:15:00 19.1 252 7.973

04.13.2010 13:45:00 21.4 248 8.089

04.13.2010 14:15:00 23.2 248 8.113

04.13.2010 14:45:00 22.6 245 8.206

04.13.2010 15:15:00 24.3 243 8.089

04.13.2010 15:45:00 22.6 239 8.089

04.13.2010 16:15:00 22.3 233 7.996

04.13.2010 16:45:00 22.3 238 8.019

04.13.2010 17:15:00 21.4 238 7.950

04.13.2010 17:45:00 23.5 234 7.996

04.13.2010 18:15:00 24.3 233 7.996

04.13.2010 18:45:00 22.6 234 8.043

04.13.2010 19:15:00 22.6 236 8.183

04.13.2010 19:45:00 23.5 236 8.113

04.13.2010 20:15:00 21.1 236 8.113

04.13.2010 20:45:00 19.7 235 8.136

04.13.2010 21:15:00 20.5 236 8.136

04.13.2010 21:45:00 19.9 239 8.159

04.13.2010 22:15:00 20.2 238 8.159

04.13.2010 22:45:00 21.7 245 8.206

04.13.2010 23:15:00 21.7 244 8.159

04.13.2010 23:45:00 20.8 244 8.136

275
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.14.2010 0:15:00 22.6 247 8.136

04.14.2010 0:45:00 21.7 246 8.183

04.14.2010 1:15:00 21.4 241 8.206

04.14.2010 1:45:00 19.4 238 8.229

04.14.2010 2:15:00 22.6 240 8.299

04.14.2010 2:45:00 21.7 240 8.206

04.14.2010 3:15:00 23.8 241 8.229

04.14.2010 3:45:00 24.9 243 8.253

04.14.2010 4:15:00 25.8 245 8.346

04.14.2010 4:45:00 26.4 244 8.323

04.14.2010 5:15:00 26.4 246 8.299

04.14.2010 5:45:00 24.6 246 8.323

04.14.2010 6:15:00 25.8 250 8.416

04.14.2010 6:45:00 24.9 250 8.346

04.14.2010 7:15:00 25.2 248 8.253

04.14.2010 7:45:00 22.6 245 8.299

04.14.2010 8:15:00 23.5 247 8.299

04.14.2010 8:45:00 23.8 251 8.299

04.14.2010 9:15:00 22.6 253 8.369

04.14.2010 9:45:00 22.0 251 8.253

04.14.2010 10:15:00 21.1 257 8.206

04.14.2010 10:45:00 17.9 257 8.183

04.14.2010 11:15:00 16.7 252 8.206

04.14.2010 11:45:00 15.5 254 8.136

04.14.2010 12:15:00 14.7 248 8.066

04.14.2010 12:45:00 15.0 243 8.043

04.14.2010 13:15:00 16.1 245 8.043

04.14.2010 13:45:00 17.0 242 8.066

04.14.2010 14:15:00 19.1 244 8.253

04.14.2010 14:45:00 21.1 240 8.206

04.14.2010 15:15:00 21.1 239 8.183

04.14.2010 15:45:00 21.7 237 8.276

04.14.2010 16:15:00 22.6 234 8.276

04.14.2010 16:45:00 22.0 233 8.206

04.14.2010 17:15:00 23.5 230 8.276

04.14.2010 17:45:00 23.5 232 8.206

04.14.2010 18:15:00 23.8 234 8.253

04.14.2010 18:45:00 24.9 232 8.206

04.14.2010 19:15:00 24.9 233 8.206

04.14.2010 19:45:00 23.8 236 8.253

04.14.2010 20:15:00 22.3 238 8.206

04.14.2010 20:45:00 22.3 244 8.206

04.14.2010 21:15:00 23.8 240 8.229

04.14.2010 21:45:00 23.5 244 8.229

04.14.2010 22:15:00 24.3 245 8.183

04.14.2010 22:45:00 23.8 246 8.159

04.14.2010 23:15:00 23.8 246 8.206

04.14.2010 23:45:00 19.9 244 8.229

276
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.15.2010 0:15:00 22.3 243 8.206

04.15.2010 0:45:00 24.9 245 8.229

04.15.2010 1:15:00 24.3 248 8.206

04.15.2010 1:45:00 24.3 244 8.276

04.15.2010 2:15:00 24.6 247 8.229

04.15.2010 2:45:00 25.5 248 8.253

04.15.2010 3:15:00 24.9 245 8.159

04.15.2010 3:45:00 25.8 246 8.253

04.15.2010 4:15:00 24.1 246 8.159

04.15.2010 4:45:00 24.1 246 8.183

04.15.2010 5:15:00 24.9 249 8.159

04.15.2010 5:45:00 24.1 250 8.183

04.15.2010 6:15:00 23.8 250 8.183

04.15.2010 6:45:00 24.9 251 8.206

04.15.2010 7:15:00 27.3 252 8.276

04.15.2010 7:45:00 27.3 252 8.393

04.15.2010 8:15:00 27.0 254 8.509

04.15.2010 8:45:00 27.6 254 8.463

04.15.2010 9:15:00 27.0 257 8.486

04.15.2010 9:45:00 26.1 258 8.276

04.15.2010 10:15:00 27.0 260 8.299

04.15.2010 10:45:00 24.9 262 8.229

04.15.2010 11:15:00 23.8 259 8.229

04.15.2010 11:45:00 25.2 258 8.229

04.15.2010 12:15:00 23.8 257 8.183

04.15.2010 12:45:00 22.6 256 8.229

04.15.2010 13:15:00 22.0 250 8.299

04.15.2010 13:45:00 21.1 250 8.229

04.15.2010 14:15:00 19.9 245 8.229

04.15.2010 14:45:00 19.7 242 8.253

04.15.2010 15:15:00 18.5 247 8.276

04.15.2010 15:45:00 19.1 248 8.253

04.15.2010 16:15:00 19.1 252 8.369

04.15.2010 16:45:00 19.7 255 8.416

04.15.2010 17:15:00 20.5 251 8.416

04.15.2010 17:45:00 19.1 253 8.416

04.15.2010 18:15:00 18.5 250 8.416

04.15.2010 18:45:00 18.2 250 8.439

04.15.2010 19:15:00 19.4 250 8.416

04.15.2010 19:45:00 20.2 248 8.509

04.15.2010 20:15:00 21.4 246 8.556

04.15.2010 20:45:00 20.8 245 8.649

04.15.2010 21:15:00 21.4 247 8.649

04.15.2010 21:45:00 23.8 245 8.696

04.15.2010 22:15:00 23.8 243 8.696

04.15.2010 22:45:00 25.2 245 8.743

04.15.2010 23:15:00 25.2 244 8.766

04.15.2010 23:45:00 24.3 247 8.766

277
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.16.2010 0:15:00 22.0 245 8.743

04.16.2010 0:45:00 19.9 241 8.556

04.16.2010 1:15:00 17.6 246 8.556

04.16.2010 1:45:00 15.8 242 8.579

04.16.2010 2:15:00 15.5 242 8.533

04.16.2010 2:45:00 18.2 248 8.533

04.16.2010 3:15:00 18.2 247 8.603

04.16.2010 3:45:00 17.6 252 8.603

04.16.2010 4:15:00 18.2 248 8.766

04.16.2010 4:45:00 21.7 250 8.719

04.16.2010 5:15:00 19.9 250 8.789

04.16.2010 5:45:00 20.5 252 8.603

04.16.2010 6:15:00 20.5 254 8.696

04.16.2010 6:45:00 19.1 251 8.579

04.16.2010 7:15:00 18.2 250 8.696

04.16.2010 7:45:00 18.8 250 8.579

04.16.2010 8:15:00 19.1 243 8.603

04.16.2010 8:45:00 18.8 241 8.696

04.16.2010 9:15:00 19.9 243 8.673

04.16.2010 9:45:00 19.7 243 8.743

04.16.2010 10:15:00 19.4 251 8.789

04.16.2010 10:45:00 18.5 256 8.766

04.16.2010 11:15:00 17.9 260 8.813

04.16.2010 11:45:00 17.0 264 8.649

04.16.2010 12:15:00 15.8 261 8.719

04.16.2010 12:45:00 14.7 263 8.696

04.16.2010 13:15:00 12.3 261 8.626

04.16.2010 13:45:00 11.4 258 8.673

04.16.2010 14:15:00 12.0 254 8.626

04.16.2010 14:45:00 9.7 246 8.626

04.16.2010 15:15:00 10.3 241 8.603

04.16.2010 15:45:00 11.4 227 8.603

04.16.2010 16:15:00 16.4 239 8.673

04.16.2010 16:45:00 17.6 243 8.789

04.16.2010 17:15:00 18.5 246 8.859

04.16.2010 17:45:00 18.5 244 8.906

04.16.2010 18:15:00 17.6 242 8.953

04.16.2010 18:45:00 17.6 244 8.859

04.16.2010 19:15:00 17.3 244 8.859

04.16.2010 19:45:00 17.0 247 8.813

04.16.2010 20:15:00 16.1 243 8.719

04.16.2010 20:45:00 18.2 251 8.719

04.16.2010 21:15:00 17.3 251 8.766

04.16.2010 21:45:00 17.6 248 8.696

04.16.2010 22:15:00 16.4 251 8.696

04.16.2010 22:45:00 16.1 257 8.673

04.16.2010 23:15:00 15.8 259 8.673

04.16.2010 23:45:00 13.8 257 8.696

278
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.17.2010 0:15:00 17.0 261 8.649

04.17.2010 0:45:00 15.8 253 8.719

04.17.2010 1:15:00 18.2 257 8.766

04.17.2010 1:45:00 18.8 253 8.766

04.17.2010 2:15:00 19.7 258 8.836

04.17.2010 2:45:00 19.9 258 8.743

04.17.2010 3:15:00 19.9 257 8.673

04.17.2010 3:45:00 20.2 257 8.649

04.17.2010 4:15:00 19.9 253 8.743

04.17.2010 4:45:00 19.9 252 8.789

04.17.2010 5:15:00 20.2 254 8.696

04.17.2010 5:45:00 21.4 255 8.813

04.17.2010 6:15:00 21.7 252 8.813

04.17.2010 6:45:00 20.8 252 8.789

04.17.2010 7:15:00 19.7 253 8.766

04.17.2010 7:45:00 19.1 254 8.766

04.17.2010 8:15:00 20.5 253 8.766

04.17.2010 8:45:00 19.1 253 8.813

04.17.2010 9:15:00 20.5 251 8.813

04.17.2010 9:45:00 19.1 255 8.953

04.17.2010 10:15:00 19.7 255 8.953

04.17.2010 10:45:00 17.6 254 8.976

04.17.2010 11:15:00 18.8 261 8.953

04.17.2010 11:45:00 18.5 256 8.976

04.17.2010 12:15:00 17.3 259 9.070

04.17.2010 12:45:00 15.5 261 9.070

04.17.2010 13:15:00 14.1 256 9.070

04.17.2010 13:45:00 14.7 251 9.093

04.17.2010 14:15:00 14.1 252 9.350

04.17.2010 14:45:00 14.1 252 9.374

04.17.2010 15:15:00 12.6 253 9.491

04.17.2010 15:45:00 12.9 249 9.491

04.17.2010 16:15:00 15.3 244 9.702

04.17.2010 16:45:00 15.5 241 9.725

04.17.2010 17:15:00 12.9 240 9.187

04.17.2010 17:45:00 14.4 245 9.725

04.17.2010 18:15:00 14.1 250 9.748

04.17.2010 18:45:00 14.4 256 9.702

04.17.2010 19:15:00 13.5 260 9.538

04.17.2010 19:45:00 14.7 255 9.561

04.17.2010 20:15:00 14.7 257 9.538

04.17.2010 20:45:00 13.8 256 9.584

04.17.2010 21:15:00 11.7 257 9.795

04.17.2010 21:45:00 10.6 249 9.819

04.17.2010 22:15:00 10.3 238 9.889

04.17.2010 22:45:00 11.4 243 9.936

04.17.2010 23:15:00 10.9 246 10.006

04.17.2010 23:45:00 9.1 240 9.912

279
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.18.2010 0:15:00 10.0 253 9.514

04.18.2010 0:45:00 4.7 231 9.467

04.18.2010 1:15:00 5.6 173 9.163

04.18.2010 1:45:00 4.1 175 9.116

04.18.2010 2:15:00 4.7 173 9.140

04.18.2010 2:45:00 3.8 207 9.187

04.18.2010 3:15:00 3.8 245 9.187

04.18.2010 3:45:00 4.7 222 9.187

04.18.2010 4:15:00 4.4 217 9.140

04.18.2010 4:45:00 4.4 206 9.140

04.18.2010 5:15:00 5.6 190 9.046

04.18.2010 5:45:00 4.7 205 9.000

04.18.2010 6:15:00 6.2 216 9.023

04.18.2010 6:45:00 7.0 226 9.000

04.18.2010 7:15:00 9.4 238 9.023

04.18.2010 7:45:00 7.3 255 9.000

04.18.2010 8:15:00 8.2 254 9.000

04.18.2010 8:45:00 9.1 258 8.930

04.18.2010 9:15:00 10.0 258 9.023

04.18.2010 9:45:00 12.3 261 9.046

04.18.2010 10:15:00 15.5 253 9.116

04.18.2010 10:45:00 15.8 252 9.116

04.18.2010 11:15:00 15.8 255 9.093

04.18.2010 11:45:00 15.3 252 9.070

04.18.2010 12:15:00 15.8 254 9.070

04.18.2010 12:45:00 15.3 254 9.070

04.18.2010 13:15:00 15.3 259 9.093

04.18.2010 13:45:00 14.7 255 9.070

04.18.2010 14:15:00 14.4 255 9.046

04.18.2010 14:45:00 13.5 255 9.046

04.18.2010 15:15:00 13.2 257 9.046

04.18.2010 15:45:00 11.7 249 8.976

04.18.2010 16:15:00 12.3 247 8.953

04.18.2010 16:45:00 11.4 250 8.953

04.18.2010 17:15:00 10.9 258 8.953

04.18.2010 17:45:00 11.1 252 8.930

04.18.2010 18:15:00 11.4 252 8.976

04.18.2010 18:45:00 11.4 243 8.859

04.18.2010 19:15:00 9.7 251 8.859

04.18.2010 19:45:00 10.9 256 8.789

04.18.2010 20:15:00 11.1 258 8.813

04.18.2010 20:45:00 11.1 267 8.719

04.18.2010 21:15:00 12.3 255 8.789

04.18.2010 21:45:00 11.4 255 8.813

04.18.2010 22:15:00 12.0 254 8.766

04.18.2010 22:45:00 11.7 248 8.789

04.18.2010 23:15:00 11.4 245 8.813

04.18.2010 23:45:00 9.7 249 8.743

280
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.19.2010 0:15:00 11.7 255 8.743

04.19.2010 0:45:00 10.9 253 8.859

04.19.2010 1:15:00 11.4 259 8.813

04.19.2010 1:45:00 10.9 257 8.836

04.19.2010 2:15:00 11.7 254 8.813

04.19.2010 2:45:00 13.2 255 8.789

04.19.2010 3:15:00 12.6 258 8.743

04.19.2010 3:45:00 12.3 256 8.789

04.19.2010 4:15:00 12.6 262 8.813

04.19.2010 4:45:00 14.1 264 8.813

04.19.2010 5:15:00 14.7 266 8.813

04.19.2010 5:45:00 15.0 263 8.743

04.19.2010 6:15:00 14.7 259 8.673

04.19.2010 6:45:00 13.5 251 8.626

04.19.2010 7:15:00 13.2 244 8.626

04.19.2010 7:45:00 14.7 242 8.649

04.19.2010 8:15:00 15.0 240 8.836

04.19.2010 8:45:00 13.5 232 8.836

04.19.2010 9:15:00 15.0 239 8.813

04.19.2010 9:45:00 13.8 227 8.953

04.19.2010 10:15:00 13.8 228 8.953

04.19.2010 10:45:00 15.0 238 8.976

04.19.2010 11:15:00 15.5 241 8.953

04.19.2010 11:45:00 15.8 245 8.976

04.19.2010 12:15:00 15.5 240 8.976

04.19.2010 12:45:00 15.8 239 9.000

04.19.2010 13:15:00 16.4 248 8.883

04.19.2010 13:45:00 15.8 246 8.930

04.19.2010 14:15:00 16.1 246 8.930

04.19.2010 14:45:00 16.1 246 8.883

04.19.2010 15:15:00 15.8 252 8.906

04.19.2010 15:45:00 14.7 255 8.789

04.19.2010 16:15:00 14.1 266 8.766

04.19.2010 16:45:00 14.4 259 8.696

04.19.2010 17:15:00 12.6 263 8.743

04.19.2010 17:45:00 12.6 264 8.626

04.19.2010 18:15:00 12.3 257 8.626

04.19.2010 18:45:00 13.2 258 8.626

04.19.2010 19:15:00 12.3 256 8.533

04.19.2010 19:45:00 15.0 250 8.719

04.19.2010 20:15:00 12.9 254 8.579

04.19.2010 20:45:00 12.9 258 8.486

04.19.2010 21:15:00 12.0 256 8.439

04.19.2010 21:45:00 10.9 257 8.509

04.19.2010 22:15:00 11.1 240 8.579

04.19.2010 22:45:00 11.7 250 8.626

04.19.2010 23:15:00 13.2 248 8.649

04.19.2010 23:45:00 14.4 251 8.673

281
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.20.2010 0:15:00 14.7 251 8.673

04.20.2010 0:45:00 15.0 255 8.719

04.20.2010 1:15:00 13.2 251 8.766

04.20.2010 1:45:00 13.2 248 8.836

04.20.2010 2:15:00 13.5 243 8.883

04.20.2010 2:45:00 14.1 244 8.906

04.20.2010 3:15:00 16.1 247 8.883

04.20.2010 3:45:00 14.4 242 8.883

04.20.2010 4:15:00 15.8 245 8.836

04.20.2010 4:45:00 17.0 248 8.719

04.20.2010 5:15:00 16.7 254 8.439

04.20.2010 5:45:00 15.3 255 8.649

04.20.2010 6:15:00 15.0 260 8.463

04.20.2010 6:45:00 10.6 262 8.439

04.20.2010 7:15:00 5.3 265 8.416

04.20.2010 7:45:00 1.8 135 8.439

04.20.2010 8:15:00 2.9 162 8.486

04.20.2010 8:45:00 5.0 222 8.556

04.20.2010 9:15:00 9.7 248 8.486

04.20.2010 9:45:00 8.8 239 8.509

04.20.2010 10:15:00 10.3 249 8.579

04.20.2010 10:45:00 9.7 257 8.509

04.20.2010 11:15:00 6.2 269 8.486

04.20.2010 11:45:00 0.6 255 8.486

04.20.2010 12:15:00 2.1 138 8.439

04.20.2010 12:45:00 2.1 164 8.369

04.20.2010 13:15:00 4.1 246 8.369

04.20.2010 13:45:00 2.9 236 8.369

04.20.2010 14:15:00 3.2 227 8.369

04.20.2010 14:45:00 3.8 232 8.369

04.20.2010 15:15:00 3.2 248 8.369

04.20.2010 15:45:00 4.1 242 8.369

04.20.2010 16:15:00 5.0 230 8.369

04.20.2010 16:45:00 7.0 223 8.439

04.20.2010 17:15:00 6.7 223 8.393

04.20.2010 17:45:00 7.0 224 8.416

04.20.2010 18:15:00 6.7 227 8.299

04.20.2010 18:45:00 5.0 217 8.299

04.20.2010 19:15:00 7.0 217 8.346

04.20.2010 19:45:00 9.4 213 8.439

04.20.2010 20:15:00 11.1 222 8.533

04.20.2010 20:45:00 12.3 217 8.556

04.20.2010 21:15:00 12.3 219 8.579

04.20.2010 21:45:00 13.8 217 8.626

04.20.2010 22:15:00 14.1 216 8.603

04.20.2010 22:45:00 14.1 222 8.533

04.20.2010 23:15:00 12.6 226 8.509

04.20.2010 23:45:00 12.3 231 8.579

282
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.21.2010 0:15:00 13.2 226 8.626

04.21.2010 0:45:00 13.2 227 8.673

04.21.2010 1:15:00 14.1 229 8.766

04.21.2010 1:45:00 14.4 228 8.906

04.21.2010 2:15:00 15.8 226 8.930

04.21.2010 2:45:00 16.7 230 8.883

04.21.2010 3:15:00 15.5 236 8.859

04.21.2010 3:45:00 16.1 244 8.859

04.21.2010 4:15:00 15.8 247 8.859

04.21.2010 4:45:00 14.7 249 8.883

04.21.2010 5:15:00 14.4 258 8.883

04.21.2010 5:45:00 12.0 268 8.766

04.21.2010 6:15:00 5.0 352 8.229

04.21.2010 6:45:00 2.6 011 8.509

04.21.2010 7:15:00 1.8 257 8.509

04.21.2010 7:45:00 5.6 242 8.533

04.21.2010 8:15:00 2.9 218 8.509

04.21.2010 8:45:00 5.6 068 8.299

04.21.2010 9:15:00 2.6 161 8.509

04.21.2010 9:45:00 5.0 136 8.229

04.21.2010 10:15:00 2.3 158 8.486

04.21.2010 10:45:00 5.0 123 8.486

04.21.2010 11:15:00 3.5 149 8.509

04.21.2010 11:45:00 5.3 134 8.439

04.21.2010 12:15:00 2.3 144 8.416

04.21.2010 12:45:00 5.0 154 8.439

04.21.2010 13:15:00 5.9 129 8.346

04.21.2010 13:45:00 4.1 116 8.276

04.21.2010 14:15:00 3.5 142 8.276

04.21.2010 14:45:00 4.1 148 8.369

04.21.2010 15:15:00 8.2 167 8.439

04.21.2010 15:45:00 7.9 167 8.393

04.21.2010 16:15:00 4.4 149 8.323

04.21.2010 16:45:00 6.2 186 8.323

04.21.2010 17:15:00 7.6 190 8.393

04.21.2010 17:45:00 10.6 199 8.603

04.21.2010 18:15:00 10.3 207 8.743

04.21.2010 18:45:00 11.4 200 8.813

04.21.2010 19:15:00 12.0 199 8.696

04.21.2010 19:45:00 11.7 204 8.719

04.21.2010 20:15:00 9.7 204 8.743

04.21.2010 20:45:00 10.0 204 8.743

04.21.2010 21:15:00 8.8 203 8.906

04.21.2010 21:45:00 7.9 214 8.976

04.21.2010 22:15:00 1.5 323 8.696

04.21.2010 22:45:00 3.5 216 9.000

04.21.2010 23:15:00 3.8 237 8.906

04.21.2010 23:45:00 2.6 345 8.766

283
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.22.2010 0:15:00 4.1 032 8.906

04.22.2010 0:45:00 1.2 260 8.906

04.22.2010 1:15:00 2.1 336 8.859

04.22.2010 1:45:00 2.3 168 8.930

04.22.2010 2:15:00 4.1 169 8.883

04.22.2010 2:45:00 3.5 167 8.930

04.22.2010 3:15:00 4.4 168 8.813

04.22.2010 3:45:00 4.7 173 8.789

04.22.2010 4:15:00 2.9 147 8.766

04.22.2010 4:45:00 3.8 149 8.719

04.22.2010 5:15:00 4.1 195 8.766

04.22.2010 5:45:00 3.8 191 8.719

04.22.2010 6:15:00 4.4 162 8.719

04.22.2010 6:45:00 2.9 207 8.719

04.22.2010 7:15:00 3.2 253 8.789

04.22.2010 7:45:00 3.5 267 8.906

04.22.2010 8:15:00 1.2 227 8.906

04.22.2010 8:45:00 0.9 233 8.930

04.22.2010 9:15:00 4.4 027 8.766

04.22.2010 9:45:00 1.5 033 8.766

04.22.2010 10:15:00 2.1 098 8.766

04.22.2010 10:45:00 1.2 062 8.813

04.22.2010 11:15:00 2.1 115 8.836

04.22.2010 11:45:00 3.5 095 8.649

04.22.2010 12:15:00 3.8 039 8.649

04.22.2010 12:45:00 3.5 052 8.556

04.22.2010 13:15:00 5.0 035 8.579

04.22.2010 13:45:00 2.6 046 8.579

04.22.2010 14:15:00 4.4 076 8.626

04.22.2010 14:45:00 6.5 078 8.509

04.22.2010 15:15:00 5.3 083 8.509

04.22.2010 15:45:00 5.0 104 8.556

04.22.2010 16:15:00 6.5 108 8.626

04.22.2010 16:45:00 5.9 103 8.673

04.22.2010 17:15:00 4.1 104 8.766

04.22.2010 17:45:00 5.9 088 8.766

04.22.2010 18:15:00 6.5 097 8.766

04.22.2010 18:45:00 6.7 097 8.813

04.22.2010 19:15:00 4.7 103 8.766

04.22.2010 19:45:00 3.8 099 8.696

04.22.2010 20:15:00 2.9 074 8.906

04.22.2010 20:45:00 3.8 054 8.859

04.22.2010 21:15:00 5.0 077 8.813

04.22.2010 21:45:00 5.9 069 8.766

04.22.2010 22:15:00 4.7 039 8.509

04.22.2010 22:45:00 2.9 096 8.719

04.22.2010 23:15:00 3.8 087 8.813

04.22.2010 23:45:00 4.1 091 8.930

284
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.23.2010 0:15:00 6.2 087 8.859

04.23.2010 0:45:00 3.2 052 8.836

04.23.2010 1:15:00 2.6 051 8.813

04.23.2010 1:45:00 6.7 046 8.649

04.23.2010 2:15:00 6.7 042 8.673

04.23.2010 2:45:00 7.3 055 8.556

04.23.2010 3:15:00 6.2 033 8.509

04.23.2010 3:45:00 3.5 030 8.463

04.23.2010 4:15:00 4.1 050 8.579

04.23.2010 4:45:00 5.0 083 8.556

04.23.2010 5:15:00 6.7 065 8.486

04.23.2010 5:45:00 6.2 073 8.439

04.23.2010 6:15:00 5.3 071 8.393

04.23.2010 6:45:00 3.8 084 8.463

04.23.2010 7:15:00 3.8 110 8.393

04.23.2010 7:45:00 1.8 076 8.416

04.23.2010 8:15:00 4.7 074 8.416

04.23.2010 8:45:00 3.8 075 8.416

04.23.2010 9:15:00 5.6 057 8.439

04.23.2010 9:45:00 5.3 063 8.439

04.23.2010 10:15:00 5.0 065 8.416

04.23.2010 10:45:00 5.3 066 8.416

04.23.2010 11:15:00 7.0 048 8.393

04.23.2010 11:45:00 5.0 061 8.603

04.23.2010 12:15:00 4.7 060 8.509

04.23.2010 12:45:00 6.5 059 8.439

04.23.2010 13:15:00 5.3 081 8.509

04.23.2010 13:45:00 3.5 055 8.509

04.23.2010 14:15:00 3.8 073 8.579

04.23.2010 14:45:00 4.1 072 8.463

04.23.2010 15:15:00 5.6 070 8.486

04.23.2010 15:45:00 2.9 084 8.556

04.23.2010 16:15:00 4.7 094 8.486

04.23.2010 16:45:00 6.7 046 8.346

04.23.2010 17:15:00 4.7 035 8.323

04.23.2010 17:45:00 4.4 034 8.369

04.23.2010 18:15:00 4.7 044 8.323

04.23.2010 18:45:00 2.6 055 8.556

04.23.2010 19:15:00 2.9 075 8.556

04.23.2010 19:45:00 3.2 067 8.579

04.23.2010 20:15:00 2.3 095 8.463

04.23.2010 20:45:00 3.8 095 8.486

04.23.2010 21:15:00 3.2 088 8.533

04.23.2010 21:45:00 2.3 078 8.603

04.23.2010 22:15:00 3.2 064 8.556

04.23.2010 22:45:00 2.6 066 8.533

04.23.2010 23:15:00 2.3 071 8.533

04.23.2010 23:45:00 4.1 032 8.556

285
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.24.2010 0:15:00 4.4 121 8.579

04.24.2010 0:45:00 3.2 106 8.626

04.24.2010 1:15:00 2.6 058 8.696

04.24.2010 1:45:00 1.5 015 8.766

04.24.2010 2:15:00 3.2 051 8.743

04.24.2010 2:45:00 4.1 022 8.743

04.24.2010 3:15:00 3.5 004 8.626

04.24.2010 3:45:00 4.7 010 8.766

04.24.2010 4:15:00 3.2 033 8.789

04.24.2010 4:45:00 4.4 024 8.719

04.24.2010 5:15:00 2.1 028 8.719

04.24.2010 5:45:00 4.7 009 8.673

04.24.2010 6:15:00 2.6 044 8.673

04.24.2010 6:45:00 2.6 114 8.673

04.24.2010 7:15:00 0.9 058 8.673

04.24.2010 7:45:00 0.3 104 8.766

04.24.2010 8:15:00 1.5 018 8.906

04.24.2010 8:45:00 4.4 034 8.813

04.24.2010 9:15:00 3.8 028 8.719

04.24.2010 9:45:00 2.1 031 8.673

04.24.2010 10:15:00 2.6 127 8.743

04.24.2010 10:45:00 2.6 174 8.626

04.24.2010 11:15:00 4.4 230 8.649

04.24.2010 11:45:00 3.2 254 8.813

04.24.2010 12:15:00 1.8 281 8.789

04.24.2010 12:45:00 1.8 191 8.836

04.24.2010 13:15:00 0.3 117 8.813

04.24.2010 13:45:00 1.5 089 8.743

04.24.2010 14:15:00 0.3 029 8.743

04.24.2010 14:45:00 1.8 206 8.719

04.24.2010 15:15:00 2.9 195 8.789

04.24.2010 15:45:00 3.2 189 8.813

04.24.2010 16:15:00 3.5 220 8.813

04.24.2010 16:45:00 2.9 217 8.953

04.24.2010 17:15:00 1.5 203 9.046

04.24.2010 17:45:00 0.9 219 8.836

04.24.2010 18:15:00 2.1 055 8.766

04.24.2010 18:45:00 1.5 225 8.953

04.24.2010 19:15:00 2.9 219 9.163

04.24.2010 19:45:00 1.2 145 9.140

04.24.2010 20:15:00 1.2 171 9.046

04.24.2010 20:45:00 1.2 292 8.859

04.24.2010 21:15:00 0.9 298 9.000

04.24.2010 21:45:00 2.3 222 9.163

04.24.2010 22:15:00 0.9 170 9.187

04.24.2010 22:45:00 1.5 052 9.000

04.24.2010 23:15:00 2.1 022 8.930

04.24.2010 23:45:00 1.8 153 8.906

286
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.25.2010 0:15:00 3.8 203 9.000

04.25.2010 0:45:00 5.9 223 9.187

04.25.2010 1:15:00 4.7 205 9.374

04.25.2010 1:45:00 4.1 216 9.327

04.25.2010 2:15:00 2.9 229 9.374

04.25.2010 2:45:00 2.9 214 9.374

04.25.2010 3:15:00 2.3 239 9.327

04.25.2010 3:45:00 1.8 246 9.397

04.25.2010 4:15:00 2.9 227 9.374

04.25.2010 4:45:00 2.6 234 9.444

04.25.2010 5:15:00 3.2 264 9.350

04.25.2010 5:45:00 5.6 271 9.397

04.25.2010 6:15:00 3.5 303 9.491

04.25.2010 6:45:00 5.3 315 9.397

04.25.2010 7:15:00 6.2 298 9.467

04.25.2010 7:45:00 3.8 319 9.467

04.25.2010 8:15:00 3.8 317 9.327

04.25.2010 8:45:00 6.2 289 9.257

04.25.2010 9:15:00 4.1 262 9.350

04.25.2010 9:45:00 0.9 303 9.327

04.25.2010 10:15:00 0.6 072 9.304

04.25.2010 10:45:00 1.5 135 9.280

04.25.2010 11:15:00 3.8 174 9.187

04.25.2010 11:45:00 3.2 156 9.233

04.25.2010 12:15:00 4.4 166 9.187

04.25.2010 12:45:00 4.4 163 9.163

04.25.2010 13:15:00 4.1 167 9.000

04.25.2010 13:45:00 5.3 190 8.976

04.25.2010 14:15:00 4.7 163 9.046

04.25.2010 14:45:00 2.6 202 8.906

04.25.2010 15:15:00 6.2 168 9.000

04.25.2010 15:45:00 6.7 176 9.000

04.25.2010 16:15:00 6.7 179 8.930

04.25.2010 16:45:00 7.6 192 9.163

04.25.2010 17:15:00 6.2 201 9.140

04.25.2010 17:45:00 6.7 213 9.280

04.25.2010 18:15:00 3.2 227 9.421

04.25.2010 18:45:00 2.3 216 9.233

04.25.2010 19:15:00 4.1 262 9.233

04.25.2010 19:45:00 4.1 282 9.350

04.25.2010 20:15:00 5.3 278 9.280

04.25.2010 20:45:00 5.0 281 9.327

04.25.2010 21:15:00 2.3 268 9.023

04.25.2010 21:45:00 4.7 279 9.093

04.25.2010 22:15:00 3.5 232 9.350

04.25.2010 22:45:00 2.1 246 9.327

04.25.2010 23:15:00 1.2 233 9.374

04.25.2010 23:45:00 2.6 190 9.421

287
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.26.2010 0:15:00 0.6 175 9.444

04.26.2010 0:45:00 0.3 012 9.187

04.26.2010 1:15:00 0.6 246 9.421

04.26.2010 1:45:00 1.5 225 9.374

04.26.2010 2:15:00 1.2 352 9.350

04.26.2010 2:45:00 3.8 036 9.163

04.26.2010 3:15:00 0.6 140 9.070

04.26.2010 3:45:00 1.8 154 9.116

04.26.2010 4:15:00 3.2 194 9.163

04.26.2010 4:45:00 5.0 219 9.304

04.26.2010 5:15:00 2.1 236 9.374

04.26.2010 5:45:00 1.8 277 9.374

04.26.2010 6:15:00 2.6 016 9.304

04.26.2010 6:45:00 3.5 005 9.233

04.26.2010 7:15:00 6.2 025 9.116

04.26.2010 7:45:00 4.7 031 9.046

04.26.2010 8:15:00 4.1 043 9.070

04.26.2010 8:45:00 3.2 060 8.930

04.26.2010 9:15:00 2.1 096 8.976

04.26.2010 9:45:00 2.9 082 8.859

04.26.2010 10:15:00 3.2 084 8.836

04.26.2010 10:45:00 2.6 087 8.813

04.26.2010 11:15:00 2.1 169 8.813

04.26.2010 11:45:00 4.4 131 8.836

04.26.2010 12:15:00 4.7 133 8.789

04.26.2010 12:45:00 3.2 157 8.766

04.26.2010 13:15:00 4.1 137 8.719

04.26.2010 13:45:00 4.1 148 8.719

04.26.2010 14:15:00 5.9 164 8.673

04.26.2010 14:45:00 6.2 172 8.439

04.26.2010 15:15:00 7.6 165 8.649

04.26.2010 15:45:00 4.1 174 8.953

04.26.2010 16:15:00 4.4 200 8.976

04.26.2010 16:45:00 4.7 203 8.976

04.26.2010 17:15:00 4.4 206 9.280

04.26.2010 17:45:00 2.9 228 8.906

04.26.2010 18:15:00 2.6 003 8.813

04.26.2010 18:45:00 1.2 345 8.976

04.26.2010 19:15:00 2.1 280 8.953

04.26.2010 19:45:00 1.5 359 9.257

04.26.2010 20:15:00 2.9 314 9.116

04.26.2010 20:45:00 5.9 348 9.140

04.26.2010 21:15:00 8.2 357 9.093

04.26.2010 21:45:00 10.0 001 9.023

04.26.2010 22:15:00 8.2 005 8.906

04.26.2010 22:45:00 7.3 023 8.906

04.26.2010 23:15:00 7.9 027 8.766

04.26.2010 23:45:00 6.2 039 8.649

288
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.27.2010 0:15:00 6.5 034 8.486

04.27.2010 0:45:00 5.6 057 8.626

04.27.2010 1:15:00 8.2 077 8.626

04.27.2010 1:45:00 5.6 073 8.673

04.27.2010 2:15:00 7.6 089 8.696

04.27.2010 2:45:00 8.8 106 8.789

04.27.2010 3:15:00 8.2 097 8.719

04.27.2010 3:45:00 7.0 102 8.673

04.27.2010 4:15:00 6.2 108 8.719

04.27.2010 4:45:00 7.9 130 8.696

04.27.2010 5:15:00 7.9 137 8.813

04.27.2010 5:45:00 7.9 142 8.859

04.27.2010 6:15:00 6.5 142 8.883

04.27.2010 6:45:00 5.3 156 8.930

04.27.2010 7:15:00 5.6 126 8.883

04.27.2010 7:45:00 5.3 136 8.813

04.27.2010 8:15:00 5.0 091 8.556

04.27.2010 8:45:00 6.7 068 8.439

04.27.2010 9:15:00 6.5 069 8.439

04.27.2010 9:45:00 6.5 085 8.393

04.27.2010 10:15:00 4.4 070 8.323

04.27.2010 10:45:00 3.2 063 8.439

04.27.2010 11:15:00 7.0 076 8.439

04.27.2010 11:45:00 7.3 067 8.509

04.27.2010 12:15:00 7.3 085 8.393

04.27.2010 12:45:00 7.9 077 8.463

04.27.2010 13:15:00 7.9 085 8.463

04.27.2010 13:45:00 8.5 092 8.439

04.27.2010 14:15:00 7.0 100 8.276

04.27.2010 14:45:00 7.0 116 8.323

04.27.2010 15:15:00 7.6 127 8.299

04.27.2010 15:45:00 8.5 135 8.299

04.27.2010 16:15:00 9.4 137 8.439

04.27.2010 16:45:00 9.1 137 8.603

04.27.2010 17:15:00 10.0 133 8.673

04.27.2010 17:45:00 10.9 118 8.719

04.27.2010 18:15:00 10.6 117 8.743

04.27.2010 18:45:00 7.3 114 8.673

04.27.2010 19:15:00 7.6 105 8.626

04.27.2010 19:45:00 9.7 105 8.626

04.27.2010 20:15:00 7.3 102 8.626

04.27.2010 20:45:00 8.8 087 8.626

04.27.2010 21:15:00 6.7 084 8.556

04.27.2010 21:45:00 8.2 078 8.556

04.27.2010 22:15:00 8.8 068 8.579

04.27.2010 22:45:00 10.0 065 8.509

04.27.2010 23:15:00 8.8 072 8.556

04.27.2010 23:45:00 9.4 068 8.556

289
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.28.2010 0:15:00 11.4 073 8.486

04.28.2010 0:45:00 11.4 071 8.509

04.28.2010 1:15:00 12.3 073 8.486

04.28.2010 1:45:00 11.4 072 8.439

04.28.2010 2:15:00 10.3 079 8.346

04.28.2010 2:45:00 10.6 075 8.416

04.28.2010 3:15:00 11.4 074 8.393

04.28.2010 3:45:00 11.4 081 8.393

04.28.2010 4:15:00 10.0 092 8.393

04.28.2010 4:45:00 9.4 091 8.346

04.28.2010 5:15:00 7.6 096 8.369

04.28.2010 5:45:00 8.2 098 8.323

04.28.2010 6:15:00 7.9 099 8.346

04.28.2010 6:45:00 7.9 116 8.416

04.28.2010 7:15:00 7.3 119 8.486

04.28.2010 7:45:00 7.6 121 8.486

04.28.2010 8:15:00 5.3 113 8.486

04.28.2010 8:45:00 5.3 096 8.556

04.28.2010 9:15:00 5.9 110 8.603

04.28.2010 9:45:00 7.3 102 8.626

04.28.2010 10:15:00 8.8 086 8.556

04.28.2010 10:45:00 7.0 082 8.579

04.28.2010 11:15:00 9.4 076 8.556

04.28.2010 11:45:00 7.9 077 8.533

04.28.2010 12:15:00 6.5 094 8.533

04.28.2010 12:45:00 8.8 092 8.533

04.28.2010 13:15:00 7.9 095 8.579

04.28.2010 13:45:00 7.6 088 8.603

04.28.2010 14:15:00 7.6 088 8.626

04.28.2010 14:45:00 7.3 084 8.626

04.28.2010 15:15:00 9.1 092 8.603

04.28.2010 15:45:00 6.5 092 8.486

04.28.2010 16:15:00 6.5 071 8.486

04.28.2010 16:45:00 6.5 081 8.486

04.28.2010 17:15:00 6.7 061 8.369

04.28.2010 17:45:00 7.0 064 8.439

04.28.2010 18:15:00 7.0 065 8.463

04.28.2010 18:45:00 7.0 065 8.486

04.28.2010 19:15:00 5.3 062 8.486

04.28.2010 19:45:00 6.7 068 8.439

04.28.2010 20:15:00 6.5 059 8.416

04.28.2010 20:45:00 5.9 051 8.509

04.28.2010 21:15:00 6.5 050 8.579

04.28.2010 21:45:00 7.0 057 8.579

04.28.2010 22:15:00 8.2 041 8.439

04.28.2010 22:45:00 7.6 040 8.369

04.28.2010 23:15:00 8.8 045 8.439

04.28.2010 23:45:00 5.3 038 8.439

290
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.29.2010 0:15:00 5.9 049 8.439

04.29.2010 0:45:00 6.7 062 8.393

04.29.2010 1:15:00 7.3 059 8.299

04.29.2010 1:45:00 7.0 063 8.253

04.29.2010 2:15:00 8.8 070 8.253

04.29.2010 2:45:00 7.6 081 8.253

04.29.2010 3:15:00 7.0 085 8.253

04.29.2010 3:45:00 5.6 085 8.253

04.29.2010 4:15:00 5.0 115 8.276

04.29.2010 4:45:00 5.3 116 8.299

04.29.2010 5:15:00 6.2 117 8.323

04.29.2010 5:45:00 5.9 128 8.346

04.29.2010 6:15:00 5.0 121 8.346

04.29.2010 6:45:00 3.5 122 8.369

04.29.2010 7:15:00 3.5 111 8.369

04.29.2010 7:45:00 3.2 104 8.369

04.29.2010 8:15:00 2.1 094 8.393

04.29.2010 8:45:00 3.5 118 8.439

04.29.2010 9:15:00 1.8 122 8.463

04.29.2010 9:45:00 1.8 095 8.509

04.29.2010 10:15:00 1.5 117 8.533

04.29.2010 10:45:00 1.8 106 8.533

04.29.2010 11:15:00 1.8 092 8.533

04.29.2010 11:45:00 1.5 068 8.509

04.29.2010 12:15:00 3.2 061 8.509

04.29.2010 12:45:00 1.2 096 8.509

04.29.2010 13:15:00 1.8 052 8.509

04.29.2010 13:45:00 2.6 083 8.463

04.29.2010 14:15:00 3.2 069 8.486

04.29.2010 14:45:00 1.5 094 8.509

04.29.2010 15:15:00 2.1 113 8.556

04.29.2010 15:45:00 2.3 089 8.603

04.29.2010 16:15:00 2.1 113 8.626

04.29.2010 16:45:00 1.8 123 8.626

04.29.2010 17:15:00 2.6 117 8.626

04.29.2010 17:45:00 0.3 071 8.673

04.29.2010 18:15:00 1.8 090 8.673

04.29.2010 18:45:00 3.2 065 8.673

04.29.2010 19:15:00 4.1 045 8.649

04.29.2010 19:45:00 2.1 071 8.626

04.29.2010 20:15:00 1.8 348 8.649

04.29.2010 20:45:00 1.8 067 8.673

04.29.2010 21:15:00 0.9 065 8.673

04.29.2010 21:45:00 2.3 083 8.673

04.29.2010 22:15:00 1.2 045 8.673

04.29.2010 22:45:00 3.2 016 8.626

04.29.2010 23:15:00 2.9 027 8.603

04.29.2010 23:45:00 2.1 003 8.719

291
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

04.30.2010 0:15:00 2.3 044 8.673

04.30.2010 0:45:00 2.3 042 8.696

04.30.2010 1:15:00 1.2 058 8.719

04.30.2010 1:45:00 2.1 045 8.673

04.30.2010 2:15:00 1.2 042 8.649

04.30.2010 2:45:00 0.3 280 8.649

04.30.2010 3:15:00 2.1 185 8.626

04.30.2010 3:45:00 1.8 219 8.579

04.30.2010 4:15:00 5.9 218 8.579

04.30.2010 4:45:00 5.9 216 8.603

04.30.2010 5:15:00 2.3 235 8.626

04.30.2010 5:45:00 3.5 266 8.603

04.30.2010 6:15:00 2.6 017 8.603

04.30.2010 6:45:00 2.6 331 8.579

04.30.2010 7:15:00 5.0 348 8.556

04.30.2010 7:45:00 3.8 011 8.509

04.30.2010 8:15:00 2.3 325 8.486

04.30.2010 8:45:00 1.5 330 8.486

04.30.2010 9:15:00 1.5 288 8.486

04.30.2010 9:45:00 0.9 254 8.509

04.30.2010 10:15:00 1.2 220 8.486

04.30.2010 10:45:00 1.8 212 8.463

04.30.2010 11:15:00 3.8 217 8.603

04.30.2010 11:45:00 5.9 216 8.626

04.30.2010 12:15:00 6.5 227 8.649

04.30.2010 12:45:00 6.2 224 8.649

04.30.2010 13:15:00 6.7 236 8.696

04.30.2010 13:45:00 5.6 241 8.719

04.30.2010 14:15:00 5.6 245 8.743

04.30.2010 14:45:00 5.3 238 8.813

04.30.2010 15:15:00 6.7 242 8.859

04.30.2010 15:45:00 5.6 237 8.859

04.30.2010 16:15:00 5.6 236 8.953

04.30.2010 16:45:00 3.8 262 9.046

04.30.2010 17:15:00 2.1 245 9.000

04.30.2010 17:45:00 2.6 232 9.046

04.30.2010 18:15:00 1.5 231 9.023

04.30.2010 18:45:00 2.9 251 9.093

04.30.2010 19:15:00 1.2 266 9.093

04.30.2010 19:45:00 1.8 270 9.070

04.30.2010 20:15:00 0.9 300 9.000

04.30.2010 20:45:00 2.1 352 9.046

04.30.2010 21:15:00 3.5 325 9.000

04.30.2010 21:45:00 4.7 320 8.906

04.30.2010 22:15:00 5.3 309 8.906

04.30.2010 22:45:00 3.8 300 8.813

04.30.2010 23:15:00 5.9 305 8.859

04.30.2010 23:45:00 5.3 301 9.000

292
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/5/2010 0:15:00 2.6 318 9.093

1/5/2010 0:45:00 2.1 326 9.070

1/5/2010 1:15:00 5.6 349 8.883

1/5/2010 1:45:00 5.6 337 8.813

1/5/2010 2:15:00 5.3 334 8.696

1/5/2010 2:45:00 3.8 330 8.696

1/5/2010 3:15:00 4.1 309 8.673

1/5/2010 3:45:00 4.4 304 8.673

1/5/2010 4:15:00 4.4 298 8.719

1/5/2010 4:45:00 2.6 275 8.556

1/5/2010 5:15:00 3.5 218 8.649

1/5/2010 5:45:00 3.5 181 8.673

1/5/2010 6:15:00 6.7 197 8.626

1/5/2010 6:45:00 7.0 204 8.673

1/5/2010 7:15:00 7.9 201 8.696

1/5/2010 7:45:00 7.3 192 8.696

1/5/2010 8:15:00 8.2 199 8.696

1/5/2010 8:45:00 7.9 199 8.719

1/5/2010 9:15:00 6.5 213 8.766

1/5/2010 9:45:00 5.9 220 8.813

1/5/2010 10:15:00 5.9 223 8.883

1/5/2010 10:45:00 4.7 242 8.976

1/5/2010 11:15:00 4.7 258 8.906

1/5/2010 11:45:00 1.5 249 8.906

1/5/2010 12:15:00 0.9 016 8.906

1/5/2010 12:45:00 1.2 158 8.930

1/5/2010 13:15:00 2.1 191 8.906

1/5/2010 13:45:00 3.2 213 8.906

1/5/2010 14:15:00 4.1 227 8.976

1/5/2010 14:45:00 4.4 232 9.000

1/5/2010 15:15:00 1.8 177 9.000

1/5/2010 15:45:00 2.3 204 9.023

1/5/2010 16:15:00 3.2 216 9.046

1/5/2010 16:45:00 5.0 213 9.046

1/5/2010 17:15:00 4.1 236 9.046

1/5/2010 17:45:00 3.5 231 9.163

1/5/2010 18:15:00 3.5 223 9.187

1/5/2010 18:45:00 3.2 211 9.233

1/5/2010 19:15:00 3.8 249 9.116

1/5/2010 19:45:00 5.3 246 9.140

1/5/2010 20:15:00 4.1 254 9.140

1/5/2010 20:45:00 3.8 283 9.116

1/5/2010 21:15:00 4.7 285 9.140

1/5/2010 21:45:00 4.1 282 9.140

1/5/2010 22:15:00 4.4 302 9.093

1/5/2010 22:45:00 3.5 290 9.163

1/5/2010 23:15:00 4.1 292 9.187

1/5/2010 23:45:00 3.8 338 9.140

293
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

2/5/2010 0:15:00 3.2 339 9.140

2/5/2010 0:45:00 2.6 338 9.140

2/5/2010 1:15:00 3.5 355 9.093

2/5/2010 1:45:00 4.1 349 9.023

2/5/2010 2:15:00 4.1 350 9.023

2/5/2010 2:45:00 2.1 317 9.093

2/5/2010 3:15:00 2.6 311 9.093

2/5/2010 3:45:00 2.1 347 9.163

2/5/2010 4:15:00 0.9 319 9.280

2/5/2010 4:45:00 1.2 192 9.187

2/5/2010 5:15:00 1.2 191 9.187

2/5/2010 5:45:00 2.3 199 9.187

2/5/2010 6:15:00 2.6 213 9.233

2/5/2010 6:45:00 1.8 199 9.280

2/5/2010 7:15:00 4.7 229 9.163

2/5/2010 7:45:00 6.2 220 9.093

2/5/2010 8:15:00 6.5 227 9.046

2/5/2010 8:45:00 6.5 235 9.046

2/5/2010 9:15:00 3.8 237 9.140

2/5/2010 9:45:00 5.3 222 9.116

2/5/2010 10:15:00 5.6 236 9.187

2/5/2010 10:45:00 2.6 278 9.163

2/5/2010 11:15:00 2.3 327 9.046

2/5/2010 11:45:00 3.2 315 9.163

2/5/2010 12:15:00 3.5 351 9.140

2/5/2010 12:45:00 2.3 353 9.093

2/5/2010 13:15:00 4.4 342 9.000

2/5/2010 13:45:00 3.2 352 9.000

2/5/2010 14:15:00 3.5 358 8.953

2/5/2010 14:45:00 4.1 004 8.953

2/5/2010 15:15:00 2.9 358 8.930

2/5/2010 15:45:00 2.3 357 8.930

2/5/2010 16:15:00 2.1 007 8.953

2/5/2010 16:45:00 1.8 007 8.976

2/5/2010 17:15:00 2.3 024 8.953

2/5/2010 17:45:00 0.9 038 8.976

2/5/2010 18:15:00 1.8 069 8.953

2/5/2010 18:45:00 1.5 125 8.953

2/5/2010 19:15:00 2.1 154 9.023

2/5/2010 19:45:00 3.5 163 9.116

2/5/2010 20:15:00 4.7 197 9.140

2/5/2010 20:45:00 3.2 202 9.140

2/5/2010 21:15:00 4.1 186 9.116

2/5/2010 21:45:00 3.5 215 9.140

2/5/2010 22:15:00 4.1 193 9.280

2/5/2010 22:45:00 3.2 185 9.304

2/5/2010 23:15:00 1.8 221 9.374

2/5/2010 23:45:00 0.6 040 9.350

294
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

3/5/2010 0:15:00 0.3 055 9.304

3/5/2010 0:45:00 2.9 340 9.280

3/5/2010 1:15:00 3.5 010 9.233

3/5/2010 1:45:00 5.6 348 9.140

3/5/2010 2:15:00 5.6 005 8.976

3/5/2010 2:45:00 4.1 358 8.930

3/5/2010 3:15:00 5.3 012 8.836

3/5/2010 3:45:00 5.0 016 8.813

3/5/2010 4:15:00 4.4 005 8.789

3/5/2010 4:45:00 4.1 019 8.789

3/5/2010 5:15:00 3.2 038 8.813

3/5/2010 5:45:00 2.9 014 8.813

3/5/2010 6:15:00 2.3 014 8.743

3/5/2010 6:45:00 1.5 005 8.859

3/5/2010 7:15:00 1.5 083 8.906

3/5/2010 7:45:00 2.6 091 8.906

3/5/2010 8:15:00 5.3 086 8.883

3/5/2010 8:45:00 4.1 100 8.883

3/5/2010 9:15:00 4.4 125 8.953

3/5/2010 9:45:00 5.9 123 8.906

3/5/2010 10:15:00 5.6 134 8.883

3/5/2010 10:45:00 5.6 149 8.813

3/5/2010 11:15:00 5.6 157 8.906

3/5/2010 11:45:00 7.6 167 8.930

3/5/2010 12:15:00 8.2 168 8.953

3/5/2010 12:45:00 7.6 172 8.953

3/5/2010 13:15:00 6.5 175 8.976

3/5/2010 13:45:00 5.9 149 9.140

3/5/2010 14:15:00 3.8 148 9.187

3/5/2010 14:45:00 2.1 136 9.327

3/5/2010 15:15:00 2.3 103 9.304

3/5/2010 15:45:00 3.8 088 9.233

3/5/2010 16:15:00 3.5 083 9.140

3/5/2010 16:45:00 4.4 079 9.046

3/5/2010 17:15:00 3.8 098 9.023

3/5/2010 17:45:00 3.8 087 8.976

3/5/2010 18:15:00 2.6 095 8.953

3/5/2010 18:45:00 3.5 133 9.000

3/5/2010 19:15:00 2.9 121 9.163

3/5/2010 19:45:00 4.7 104 9.187

3/5/2010 20:15:00 4.7 100 9.163

3/5/2010 20:45:00 5.6 100 9.116

3/5/2010 21:15:00 4.1 108 9.093

3/5/2010 21:45:00 3.5 104 9.093

3/5/2010 22:15:00 5.0 130 9.046

3/5/2010 22:45:00 4.7 117 9.046

3/5/2010 23:15:00 2.9 114 9.000

3/5/2010 23:45:00 2.9 103 8.976

295
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

4/5/2010 0:15:00 3.8 095 8.953

4/5/2010 0:45:00 2.6 060 8.953

4/5/2010 1:15:00 2.9 072 9.046

4/5/2010 1:45:00 2.6 047 8.930

4/5/2010 2:15:00 4.1 059 8.976

4/5/2010 2:45:00 3.5 044 8.930

4/5/2010 3:15:00 4.4 054 9.070

4/5/2010 3:45:00 5.0 051 8.859

4/5/2010 4:15:00 3.8 047 8.859

4/5/2010 4:45:00 3.8 054 8.859

4/5/2010 5:15:00 5.6 064 8.883

4/5/2010 5:45:00 4.4 062 8.883

4/5/2010 6:15:00 5.0 074 8.836

4/5/2010 6:45:00 5.3 078 8.813

4/5/2010 7:15:00 5.3 081 8.813

4/5/2010 7:45:00 4.4 079 8.813

4/5/2010 8:15:00 4.4 100 8.813

4/5/2010 8:45:00 5.0 090 8.813

4/5/2010 9:15:00 4.1 093 8.789

4/5/2010 9:45:00 4.1 086 8.883

4/5/2010 10:15:00 3.5 090 8.813

4/5/2010 10:45:00 2.3 085 8.813

4/5/2010 11:15:00 3.5 098 8.930

4/5/2010 11:45:00 3.5 114 8.906

4/5/2010 12:15:00 3.8 116 8.859

4/5/2010 12:45:00 2.3 127 8.930

4/5/2010 13:15:00 2.6 114 8.859

4/5/2010 13:45:00 3.2 086 8.859

4/5/2010 14:15:00 1.8 076 8.836

4/5/2010 14:45:00 3.2 084 8.859

4/5/2010 15:15:00 3.8 056 8.906

4/5/2010 15:45:00 4.7 046 8.930

4/5/2010 16:15:00 6.2 056 8.953

4/5/2010 16:45:00 5.9 062 8.930

4/5/2010 17:15:00 5.6 050 8.859

4/5/2010 17:45:00 4.1 064 8.859

4/5/2010 18:15:00 6.2 079 8.766

4/5/2010 18:45:00 5.0 083 8.743

4/5/2010 19:15:00 5.9 092 8.766

4/5/2010 19:45:00 5.0 098 8.789

4/5/2010 20:15:00 5.9 097 8.836

4/5/2010 20:45:00 4.7 109 8.813

4/5/2010 21:15:00 5.3 099 8.813

4/5/2010 21:45:00 3.8 104 8.743

4/5/2010 22:15:00 5.6 104 8.766

4/5/2010 22:45:00 4.1 102 8.719

4/5/2010 23:15:00 4.4 098 8.789

4/5/2010 23:45:00 4.7 074 8.696

296
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

5/5/2010 0:15:00 4.1 061 8.696

5/5/2010 0:45:00 5.3 051 8.696

5/5/2010 1:15:00 5.6 051 8.579

5/5/2010 1:45:00 6.2 053 8.696

5/5/2010 2:15:00 5.9 068 8.696

5/5/2010 2:45:00 6.7 062 8.696

5/5/2010 3:15:00 6.5 072 8.673

5/5/2010 3:45:00 7.3 069 8.649

5/5/2010 4:15:00 7.0 077 8.626

5/5/2010 4:45:00 6.5 078 8.626

5/5/2010 5:15:00 5.9 093 8.603

5/5/2010 5:45:00 6.5 078 8.579

5/5/2010 6:15:00 6.2 081 8.579

5/5/2010 6:45:00 5.9 078 8.556

5/5/2010 7:15:00 6.7 075 8.533

5/5/2010 7:45:00 6.5 080 8.556

5/5/2010 8:15:00 7.3 085 8.486

5/5/2010 8:45:00 7.6 100 8.533

5/5/2010 9:15:00 7.0 104 8.509

5/5/2010 9:45:00 6.7 109 8.509

5/5/2010 10:15:00 5.6 108 8.533

5/5/2010 10:45:00 5.9 116 8.556

5/5/2010 11:15:00 5.3 112 8.579

5/5/2010 11:45:00 3.8 100 8.626

5/5/2010 12:15:00 3.8 101 8.556

5/5/2010 12:45:00 4.1 111 8.626

5/5/2010 13:15:00 5.3 099 8.673

5/5/2010 13:45:00 4.1 105 8.649

5/5/2010 14:15:00 4.1 099 8.626

5/5/2010 14:45:00 5.6 090 8.649

5/5/2010 15:15:00 4.7 095 8.603

5/5/2010 15:45:00 4.7 078 8.579

5/5/2010 16:15:00 4.4 073 8.603

5/5/2010 16:45:00 5.6 078 8.603

5/5/2010 17:15:00 5.3 081 8.603

5/5/2010 17:45:00 6.5 095 8.649

5/5/2010 18:15:00 6.2 090 8.579

5/5/2010 18:45:00 6.5 080 8.579

5/5/2010 19:15:00 5.6 096 8.579

5/5/2010 19:45:00 7.0 091 8.533

5/5/2010 20:15:00 6.2 092 8.509

5/5/2010 20:45:00 6.5 086 8.486

5/5/2010 21:15:00 4.1 085 8.439

5/5/2010 21:45:00 4.4 099 8.416

5/5/2010 22:15:00 5.6 097 8.486

5/5/2010 22:45:00 4.7 098 8.486

5/5/2010 23:15:00 4.1 090 8.486

5/5/2010 23:45:00 5.0 063 8.486

297
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

6/5/2010 0:15:00 6.2 058 8.509

6/5/2010 0:45:00 5.6 066 8.463

6/5/2010 1:15:00 5.9 074 8.463

6/5/2010 1:45:00 5.9 070 8.533

6/5/2010 2:15:00 6.2 062 8.463

6/5/2010 2:45:00 7.0 073 8.439

6/5/2010 3:15:00 9.1 079 8.603

6/5/2010 3:45:00 6.7 077 8.626

6/5/2010 4:15:00 8.2 071 8.486

6/5/2010 4:45:00 8.5 078 8.579

6/5/2010 5:15:00 8.8 084 8.439

6/5/2010 5:45:00 8.8 094 8.533

6/5/2010 6:15:00 7.0 087 8.603

6/5/2010 6:45:00 6.7 106 8.439

6/5/2010 7:15:00 5.3 107 8.463

6/5/2010 7:45:00 5.9 103 8.509

6/5/2010 8:15:00 6.5 096 8.533

6/5/2010 8:45:00 7.9 095 8.579

6/5/2010 9:15:00 7.6 110 8.556

6/5/2010 9:45:00 6.2 103 8.556

6/5/2010 10:15:00 5.6 112 8.603

6/5/2010 10:45:00 5.0 114 8.603

6/5/2010 11:15:00 5.3 117 8.603

6/5/2010 11:45:00 3.8 108 8.626

6/5/2010 12:15:00 3.5 112 8.603

6/5/2010 12:45:00 2.3 105 8.579

6/5/2010 13:15:00 3.5 092 8.556

6/5/2010 13:45:00 2.3 074 8.556

6/5/2010 14:15:00 3.2 071 8.649

6/5/2010 14:45:00 2.3 075 8.556

6/5/2010 15:15:00 3.5 067 8.673

6/5/2010 15:45:00 4.1 063 8.579

6/5/2010 16:15:00 5.3 030 8.509

6/5/2010 16:45:00 5.3 032 8.509

6/5/2010 17:15:00 4.1 049 8.509

6/5/2010 17:45:00 5.0 039 8.579

6/5/2010 18:15:00 6.2 058 8.556

6/5/2010 18:45:00 6.5 058 8.463

6/5/2010 19:15:00 6.2 050 8.416

6/5/2010 19:45:00 5.3 037 8.393

6/5/2010 20:15:00 4.7 050 8.439

6/5/2010 20:45:00 6.5 069 8.416

6/5/2010 21:15:00 5.9 059 8.416

6/5/2010 21:45:00 5.9 077 8.486

6/5/2010 22:15:00 6.7 076 8.486

6/5/2010 22:45:00 6.2 080 8.416

6/5/2010 23:15:00 5.0 090 8.393

6/5/2010 23:45:00 5.0 101 8.463

298
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

7/5/2010 0:15:00 5.0 092 8.486

7/5/2010 0:45:00 4.7 081 8.439

7/5/2010 1:15:00 3.8 091 8.416

7/5/2010 1:45:00 2.3 106 8.299

7/5/2010 2:15:00 2.9 086 8.463

7/5/2010 2:45:00 5.3 080 8.416

7/5/2010 3:15:00 5.3 074 8.393

7/5/2010 3:45:00 6.5 078 8.393

7/5/2010 4:15:00 4.7 070 8.416

7/5/2010 4:45:00 6.7 085 8.439

7/5/2010 5:15:00 5.9 066 8.346

7/5/2010 5:45:00 4.4 071 8.323

7/5/2010 6:15:00 4.7 076 8.183

7/5/2010 6:45:00 3.8 071 8.206

7/5/2010 7:15:00 6.5 052 8.206

7/5/2010 7:45:00 7.3 069 8.206

7/5/2010 8:15:00 6.2 067 8.183

7/5/2010 8:45:00 6.7 053 8.159

7/5/2010 9:15:00 5.9 071 8.206

7/5/2010 9:45:00 7.0 085 8.206

7/5/2010 10:15:00 5.6 090 8.206

7/5/2010 10:45:00 6.5 113 8.229

7/5/2010 11:15:00 5.3 107 8.229

7/5/2010 11:45:00 5.3 115 8.229

7/5/2010 12:15:00 5.3 096 8.229

7/5/2010 12:45:00 5.9 103 8.229

7/5/2010 13:15:00 4.7 110 8.136

7/5/2010 13:45:00 5.0 115 8.299

7/5/2010 14:15:00 6.5 104 8.439

7/5/2010 14:45:00 6.2 115 8.509

7/5/2010 15:15:00 4.7 115 8.579

7/5/2010 15:45:00 5.6 109 8.579

7/5/2010 16:15:00 5.9 117 8.533

7/5/2010 16:45:00 5.3 103 8.509

7/5/2010 17:15:00 3.8 110 8.486

7/5/2010 17:45:00 3.8 112 8.626

7/5/2010 18:15:00 5.6 113 8.696

7/5/2010 18:45:00 4.4 093 8.719

7/5/2010 19:15:00 6.2 088 8.463

7/5/2010 19:45:00 5.0 088 8.416

7/5/2010 20:15:00 4.4 089 8.369

7/5/2010 20:45:00 5.0 100 8.346

7/5/2010 21:15:00 5.0 086 8.393

7/5/2010 21:45:00 5.0 092 8.369

7/5/2010 22:15:00 6.5 102 8.369

7/5/2010 22:45:00 5.3 097 8.463

7/5/2010 23:15:00 6.5 099 8.439

7/5/2010 23:45:00 6.5 108 8.463

299
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

8/5/2010 0:15:00 7.3 104 8.439

8/5/2010 0:45:00 7.0 107 8.439

8/5/2010 1:15:00 4.7 096 8.533

8/5/2010 1:45:00 7.0 083 8.463

8/5/2010 2:15:00 6.7 094 8.439

8/5/2010 2:45:00 6.7 078 8.369

8/5/2010 3:15:00 4.7 076 8.299

8/5/2010 3:45:00 5.0 077 8.323

8/5/2010 4:15:00 5.3 063 8.346

8/5/2010 4:45:00 7.0 072 8.393

8/5/2010 5:15:00 7.3 086 8.416

8/5/2010 5:45:00 7.3 074 8.323

8/5/2010 6:15:00 5.0 073 8.276

8/5/2010 6:45:00 5.0 082 8.369

8/5/2010 7:15:00 5.9 079 8.416

8/5/2010 7:45:00 5.0 079 8.509

8/5/2010 8:15:00 7.3 077 8.416

8/5/2010 8:45:00 6.7 075 8.486

8/5/2010 9:15:00 6.7 069 8.439

8/5/2010 9:45:00 5.6 057 8.369

8/5/2010 10:15:00 5.9 064 8.346

8/5/2010 10:45:00 5.6 075 8.393

8/5/2010 11:15:00 6.5 076 8.393

8/5/2010 11:45:00 7.0 093 8.416

8/5/2010 12:15:00 6.5 111 8.416

8/5/2010 12:45:00 6.7 102 8.369

8/5/2010 13:15:00 6.7 102 8.439

8/5/2010 13:45:00 6.2 098 8.323

8/5/2010 14:15:00 5.0 105 8.323

8/5/2010 14:45:00 5.0 121 8.299

8/5/2010 15:15:00 5.3 136 8.439

8/5/2010 15:45:00 7.0 124 8.556

8/5/2010 16:15:00 7.6 110 8.556

8/5/2010 16:45:00 5.9 109 8.556

8/5/2010 17:15:00 6.5 109 8.509

8/5/2010 17:45:00 7.6 115 8.486

8/5/2010 18:15:00 8.2 110 8.533

8/5/2010 18:45:00 7.3 109 8.533

8/5/2010 19:15:00 7.9 104 8.509

8/5/2010 19:45:00 7.0 112 8.509

8/5/2010 20:15:00 7.3 103 8.486

8/5/2010 20:45:00 6.5 096 8.486

8/5/2010 21:15:00 6.2 098 8.509

8/5/2010 21:45:00 6.5 092 8.486

8/5/2010 22:15:00 7.3 100 8.579

8/5/2010 22:45:00 6.7 102 8.603

8/5/2010 23:15:00 7.6 111 8.649

8/5/2010 23:45:00 7.6 116 8.649

300
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

9/5/2010 0:15:00 6.5 106 8.556

9/5/2010 0:45:00 5.3 102 8.509

9/5/2010 1:15:00 5.9 079 8.439

9/5/2010 1:45:00 4.4 078 8.556

9/5/2010 2:15:00 5.9 093 8.439

9/5/2010 2:45:00 4.1 093 8.369

9/5/2010 3:15:00 4.4 092 8.509

9/5/2010 3:45:00 6.2 094 8.533

9/5/2010 4:15:00 5.3 093 8.556

9/5/2010 4:45:00 4.7 096 8.579

9/5/2010 5:15:00 5.3 097 8.556

9/5/2010 5:45:00 3.5 097 8.556

9/5/2010 6:15:00 6.2 104 8.509

9/5/2010 6:45:00 4.7 118 8.556

9/5/2010 7:15:00 6.5 123 8.603

9/5/2010 7:45:00 6.2 128 8.603

9/5/2010 8:15:00 4.4 115 8.626

9/5/2010 8:45:00 3.8 111 8.603

9/5/2010 9:15:00 3.5 100 8.626

9/5/2010 9:45:00 2.1 093 8.626

9/5/2010 10:15:00 3.5 088 8.649

9/5/2010 10:45:00 4.1 060 8.649

9/5/2010 11:15:00 4.4 053 8.626

9/5/2010 11:45:00 4.7 065 8.603

9/5/2010 12:15:00 5.3 058 8.603

9/5/2010 12:45:00 5.9 049 8.579

9/5/2010 13:15:00 5.6 057 8.579

9/5/2010 13:45:00 5.9 066 8.579

9/5/2010 14:15:00 5.0 066 8.603

9/5/2010 14:45:00 4.4 074 8.439

9/5/2010 15:15:00 3.2 070 8.463

9/5/2010 15:45:00 4.1 071 8.486

9/5/2010 16:15:00 4.1 071 8.579

9/5/2010 16:45:00 5.0 082 8.626

9/5/2010 17:15:00 4.1 067 8.673

9/5/2010 17:45:00 5.0 054 8.719

9/5/2010 18:15:00 4.4 070 8.696

9/5/2010 18:45:00 4.7 079 8.719

9/5/2010 19:15:00 4.7 053 8.743

9/5/2010 19:45:00 3.5 062 8.626

9/5/2010 20:15:00 3.5 059 8.649

9/5/2010 20:45:00 3.2 086 8.626

9/5/2010 21:15:00 2.9 066 8.649

9/5/2010 21:45:00 3.8 062 8.673

9/5/2010 22:15:00 4.1 065 8.673

9/5/2010 22:45:00 2.6 057 8.673

9/5/2010 23:15:00 3.2 070 8.673

9/5/2010 23:45:00 1.8 072 8.696

301
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

10/5/2010 0:15:00 2.1 079 8.743

10/5/2010 0:45:00 2.6 028 8.696

10/5/2010 1:15:00 4.4 008 8.649

10/5/2010 1:45:00 4.4 359 8.766

10/5/2010 2:15:00 5.3 359 8.836

10/5/2010 2:45:00 5.9 004 8.626

10/5/2010 3:15:00 4.7 353 8.649

10/5/2010 3:45:00 3.5 350 8.649

10/5/2010 4:15:00 3.2 355 8.789

10/5/2010 4:45:00 4.1 015 8.603

10/5/2010 5:15:00 5.6 348 8.439

10/5/2010 5:45:00 1.8 011 8.626

10/5/2010 6:15:00 1.8 314 8.626

10/5/2010 6:45:00 0.6 258 8.743

10/5/2010 7:15:00 1.5 048 8.766

10/5/2010 7:45:00 3.2 017 8.696

10/5/2010 8:15:00 1.8 051 8.649

10/5/2010 8:45:00 0.6 153 8.626

10/5/2010 9:15:00 1.2 346 8.696

10/5/2010 9:45:00 2.6 340 8.673

10/5/2010 10:15:00 1.8 358 8.673

10/5/2010 10:45:00 1.5 346 8.673

10/5/2010 11:15:00 2.3 018 8.696

10/5/2010 11:45:00 1.8 019 8.696

10/5/2010 12:15:00 1.5 325 8.696

10/5/2010 12:45:00 2.6 359 8.719

10/5/2010 13:15:00 3.5 334 8.766

10/5/2010 13:45:00 5.6 352 8.766

10/5/2010 14:15:00 5.6 343 8.743

10/5/2010 14:45:00 4.7 339 8.813

10/5/2010 15:15:00 3.8 357 8.789

10/5/2010 15:45:00 4.4 349 8.743

10/5/2010 16:15:00 4.7 335 8.743

10/5/2010 16:45:00 3.8 325 8.883

10/5/2010 17:15:00 5.6 335 8.859

10/5/2010 17:45:00 4.4 331 8.813

10/5/2010 18:15:00 5.9 334 8.789

10/5/2010 18:45:00 5.6 322 8.859

10/5/2010 19:15:00 6.2 330 8.859

10/5/2010 19:45:00 5.9 341 8.859

10/5/2010 20:15:00 6.5 357 8.859

10/5/2010 20:45:00 4.4 335 8.859

10/5/2010 21:15:00 4.7 333 8.883

10/5/2010 21:45:00 4.4 341 8.883

10/5/2010 22:15:00 5.0 356 8.813

10/5/2010 22:45:00 4.1 359 8.719

10/5/2010 23:15:00 2.6 000 8.696

10/5/2010 23:45:00 2.3 357 8.673

302
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

11/5/2010 0:15:00 0.6 002 8.673

11/5/2010 0:45:00 2.1 254 8.696

11/5/2010 1:15:00 3.5 271 8.743

11/5/2010 1:45:00 4.4 331 8.743

11/5/2010 2:15:00 2.9 332 8.673

11/5/2010 2:45:00 2.9 268 8.696

11/5/2010 3:15:00 2.3 289 8.673

11/5/2010 3:45:00 2.6 250 8.673

11/5/2010 4:15:00 2.9 239 8.649

11/5/2010 4:45:00 4.1 256 8.766

11/5/2010 5:15:00 3.8 295 8.789

11/5/2010 5:45:00 4.1 277 8.743

11/5/2010 6:15:00 3.8 261 8.743

11/5/2010 6:45:00 5.0 272 8.883

11/5/2010 7:15:00 2.9 261 8.859

11/5/2010 7:45:00 3.8 280 8.813

11/5/2010 8:15:00 4.4 267 8.813

11/5/2010 8:45:00 4.4 281 8.813

11/5/2010 9:15:00 4.4 294 8.743

11/5/2010 9:45:00 5.6 268 8.696

11/5/2010 10:15:00 6.2 262 8.696

11/5/2010 10:45:00 6.7 257 8.836

11/5/2010 11:15:00 6.2 256 8.789

11/5/2010 11:45:00 6.2 263 8.883

11/5/2010 12:15:00 7.0 256 8.836

11/5/2010 12:45:00 7.9 268 8.976

11/5/2010 13:15:00 6.5 268 8.976

11/5/2010 13:45:00 7.3 282 8.906

11/5/2010 14:15:00 7.9 299 8.906

11/5/2010 14:45:00 7.6 307 8.906

11/5/2010 15:15:00 6.2 293 8.930

11/5/2010 15:45:00 6.2 316 8.930

11/5/2010 16:15:00 5.6 313 8.930

11/5/2010 16:45:00 4.4 297 8.930

11/5/2010 17:15:00 3.2 302 8.930

11/5/2010 17:45:00 2.1 301 8.883

11/5/2010 18:15:00 1.5 111 8.930

11/5/2010 18:45:00 3.5 016 8.906

11/5/2010 19:15:00 2.1 005 8.906

11/5/2010 19:45:00 1.8 022 8.906

11/5/2010 20:15:00 1.2 057 8.906

11/5/2010 20:45:00 0.9 166 8.906

11/5/2010 21:15:00 3.2 166 8.883

11/5/2010 21:45:00 4.7 181 8.859

11/5/2010 22:15:00 5.0 181 8.859

11/5/2010 22:45:00 3.8 194 8.859

11/5/2010 23:15:00 5.0 192 8.859

11/5/2010 23:45:00 3.8 199 8.836

303
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

12/5/2010 0:15:00 4.4 207 8.883

12/5/2010 0:45:00 4.7 213 8.859

12/5/2010 1:15:00 5.0 208 8.930

12/5/2010 1:45:00 6.2 222 8.906

12/5/2010 2:15:00 6.2 213 9.000

12/5/2010 2:45:00 6.7 218 9.093

12/5/2010 3:15:00 5.6 249 9.093

12/5/2010 3:45:00 5.9 254 9.116

12/5/2010 4:15:00 6.5 258 9.093

12/5/2010 4:45:00 5.9 252 9.116

12/5/2010 5:15:00 7.0 262 9.187

12/5/2010 5:45:00 8.8 257 9.023

12/5/2010 6:15:00 12.0 266 9.070

12/5/2010 6:45:00 15.0 264 8.859

12/5/2010 7:15:00 15.8 267 8.859

12/5/2010 7:45:00 17.0 267 8.789

12/5/2010 8:15:00 19.1 272 8.813

12/5/2010 8:45:00 17.3 268 8.953

12/5/2010 9:15:00 17.0 265 9.023

12/5/2010 9:45:00 15.8 267 9.000

12/5/2010 10:15:00 15.0 270 8.906

12/5/2010 10:45:00 15.0 267 8.976

12/5/2010 11:15:00 16.1 271 8.953

12/5/2010 11:45:00 16.1 271 8.953

12/5/2010 12:15:00 15.8 270 8.883

12/5/2010 12:45:00 13.8 263 8.930

12/5/2010 13:15:00 12.6 271 8.883

12/5/2010 13:45:00 10.6 274 8.743

12/5/2010 14:15:00 7.0 267 8.673

12/5/2010 14:45:00 5.6 246 8.649

12/5/2010 15:15:00 5.9 252 8.649

12/5/2010 15:45:00 8.5 257 8.743

12/5/2010 16:15:00 11.1 260 8.719

12/5/2010 16:45:00 10.9 261 8.813

12/5/2010 17:15:00 12.0 265 8.906

12/5/2010 17:45:00 10.3 263 8.883

12/5/2010 18:15:00 11.1 258 8.906

12/5/2010 18:45:00 13.2 259 8.906

12/5/2010 19:15:00 11.7 250 8.953

12/5/2010 19:45:00 11.1 254 8.953

12/5/2010 20:15:00 12.0 257 9.000

12/5/2010 20:45:00 10.6 260 8.976

12/5/2010 21:15:00 12.6 259 8.976

12/5/2010 21:45:00 12.3 256 8.859

12/5/2010 22:15:00 14.1 259 8.743

12/5/2010 22:45:00 15.8 257 8.813

12/5/2010 23:15:00 15.0 257 8.836

12/5/2010 23:45:00 15.3 257 8.859

304
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.13.2010 0:15:00 13.5 256 8.813

05.13.2010 0:45:00 14.1 255 8.859

05.13.2010 1:15:00 15.3 254 8.906

05.13.2010 1:45:00 14.4 254 8.953

05.13.2010 2:15:00 14.7 256 9.000

05.13.2010 2:45:00 16.1 258 9.023

05.13.2010 3:15:00 17.3 259 9.023

05.13.2010 3:45:00 17.0 262 9.023

05.13.2010 4:15:00 15.8 265 9.000

05.13.2010 4:45:00 15.5 268 8.976

05.13.2010 5:15:00 15.0 267 8.953

05.13.2010 5:45:00 16.1 260 9.000

05.13.2010 6:15:00 15.8 259 9.163

05.13.2010 6:45:00 15.0 265 9.140

05.13.2010 7:15:00 15.0 271 9.070

05.13.2010 7:45:00 13.5 275 9.070

05.13.2010 8:15:00 13.8 278 9.023

05.13.2010 8:45:00 10.6 277 9.000

05.13.2010 9:15:00 4.1 288 8.906

05.13.2010 9:45:00 2.3 260 8.906

05.13.2010 10:15:00 2.1 232 8.930

05.13.2010 10:45:00 3.8 235 8.906

05.13.2010 11:15:00 7.0 237 8.859

05.13.2010 11:45:00 5.3 225 8.766

05.13.2010 12:15:00 4.4 222 8.813

05.13.2010 12:45:00 5.6 259 8.953

05.13.2010 13:15:00 9.7 269 9.163

05.13.2010 13:45:00 10.9 276 9.140

05.13.2010 14:15:00 10.9 278 9.187

05.13.2010 14:45:00 9.7 282 9.116

05.13.2010 15:15:00 9.4 270 9.023

05.13.2010 15:45:00 8.5 271 9.000

05.13.2010 16:15:00 8.2 259 8.953

05.13.2010 16:45:00 8.5 258 9.000

05.13.2010 17:15:00 9.1 259 8.953

05.13.2010 17:45:00 9.4 260 8.930

05.13.2010 18:15:00 11.4 258 8.883

05.13.2010 18:45:00 15.0 265 9.046

05.13.2010 19:15:00 16.4 267 9.000

05.13.2010 19:45:00 16.7 265 9.000

05.13.2010 20:15:00 14.4 267 9.000

05.13.2010 20:45:00 16.4 266 8.976

05.13.2010 21:15:00 15.0 266 9.093

05.13.2010 21:45:00 15.0 265 9.046

05.13.2010 22:15:00 16.7 265 9.140

05.13.2010 22:45:00 14.1 268 9.093

05.13.2010 23:15:00 14.4 269 9.187

05.13.2010 23:45:00 13.5 265 9.163

305
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.14.2010 0:15:00 15.8 265 9.187

05.14.2010 0:45:00 16.4 266 9.187

05.14.2010 1:15:00 16.7 269 9.163

05.14.2010 1:45:00 17.3 267 9.163

05.14.2010 2:15:00 17.6 265 9.163

05.14.2010 2:45:00 17.9 268 9.116

05.14.2010 3:15:00 17.9 268 9.070

05.14.2010 3:45:00 18.8 265 9.116

05.14.2010 4:15:00 18.8 269 9.046

05.14.2010 4:45:00 19.4 268 9.070

05.14.2010 5:15:00 18.2 270 9.070

05.14.2010 5:45:00 18.8 264 9.093

05.14.2010 6:15:00 18.5 268 9.093

05.14.2010 6:45:00 17.6 266 9.093

05.14.2010 7:15:00 18.2 269 9.140

05.14.2010 7:45:00 17.3 269 9.140

05.14.2010 8:15:00 17.3 269 9.163

05.14.2010 8:45:00 16.1 275 9.070

05.14.2010 9:15:00 15.3 276 9.093

05.14.2010 9:45:00 16.7 274 9.093

05.14.2010 10:15:00 16.1 274 9.187

05.14.2010 10:45:00 17.9 279 9.140

05.14.2010 11:15:00 16.1 273 9.140

05.14.2010 11:45:00 16.4 279 9.023

05.14.2010 12:15:00 16.4 271 8.976

05.14.2010 12:45:00 17.0 268 9.000

05.14.2010 13:15:00 15.8 272 8.976

05.14.2010 13:45:00 17.3 269 8.883

05.14.2010 14:15:00 14.7 265 8.743

05.14.2010 14:45:00 15.0 262 8.719

05.14.2010 15:15:00 16.1 256 8.743

05.14.2010 15:45:00 16.4 258 8.649

05.14.2010 16:15:00 18.2 255 8.719

05.14.2010 16:45:00 17.6 250 8.696

05.14.2010 17:15:00 20.2 250 8.719

05.14.2010 17:45:00 20.5 252 8.859

05.14.2010 18:15:00 19.4 253 8.883

05.14.2010 18:45:00 20.5 255 8.813

05.14.2010 19:15:00 19.9 252 8.789

05.14.2010 19:45:00 17.9 257 8.766

05.14.2010 20:15:00 19.1 256 8.813

05.14.2010 20:45:00 18.8 258 8.813

05.14.2010 21:15:00 19.7 261 8.883

05.14.2010 21:45:00 19.4 263 8.859

05.14.2010 22:15:00 17.9 265 8.883

05.14.2010 22:45:00 18.5 265 8.906

05.14.2010 23:15:00 17.9 266 8.976

05.14.2010 23:45:00 18.5 265 9.023

306
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.15.2010 0:15:00 17.6 264 8.953

05.15.2010 0:45:00 17.9 264 9.046

05.15.2010 1:15:00 18.5 259 9.023

05.15.2010 1:45:00 17.9 259 9.116

05.15.2010 2:15:00 18.2 263 9.023

05.15.2010 2:45:00 18.5 262 9.000

05.15.2010 3:15:00 18.5 264 8.906

05.15.2010 3:45:00 20.2 264 8.953

05.15.2010 4:15:00 20.8 264 8.976

05.15.2010 4:45:00 20.5 269 9.000

05.15.2010 5:15:00 21.1 271 8.953

05.15.2010 5:45:00 20.8 272 8.906

05.15.2010 6:15:00 21.1 270 8.883

05.15.2010 6:45:00 21.7 265 8.883

05.15.2010 7:15:00 22.9 266 8.859

05.15.2010 7:45:00 24.1 268 8.906

05.15.2010 8:15:00 23.5 268 8.766

05.15.2010 8:45:00 24.9 263 8.766

05.15.2010 9:15:00 24.1 262 8.579

05.15.2010 9:45:00 22.9 261 8.579

05.15.2010 10:15:00 25.2 261 8.626

05.15.2010 10:45:00 24.6 258 8.649

05.15.2010 11:15:00 22.3 261 8.696

05.15.2010 11:45:00 22.0 261 8.696

05.15.2010 12:15:00 20.5 263 8.673

05.15.2010 12:45:00 18.8 263 8.673

05.15.2010 13:15:00 17.3 261 8.649

05.15.2010 13:45:00 18.2 255 8.626

05.15.2010 14:15:00 20.5 256 8.696

05.15.2010 14:45:00 22.0 257 8.813

05.15.2010 15:15:00 21.4 252 8.743

05.15.2010 15:45:00 20.8 252 8.696

05.15.2010 16:15:00 18.5 258 8.649

05.15.2010 16:45:00 17.9 258 8.579

05.15.2010 17:15:00 18.8 258 8.579

05.15.2010 17:45:00 20.5 261 8.673

05.15.2010 18:15:00 23.2 260 8.696

05.15.2010 18:45:00 22.9 263 8.696

05.15.2010 19:15:00 22.6 264 8.673

05.15.2010 19:45:00 21.4 259 8.719

05.15.2010 20:15:00 22.6 263 8.719

05.15.2010 20:45:00 21.4 262 8.859

05.15.2010 21:15:00 22.3 262 8.883

05.15.2010 21:45:00 22.6 258 8.883

05.15.2010 22:15:00 22.3 257 8.906

05.15.2010 22:45:00 23.2 258 8.906

05.15.2010 23:15:00 23.2 257 8.976

05.15.2010 23:45:00 23.5 258 8.976

307
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.16.2010 0:15:00 24.1 259 8.976

05.16.2010 0:45:00 25.5 257 9.000

05.16.2010 1:15:00 27.3 255 9.046

05.16.2010 1:45:00 27.3 261 8.976

05.16.2010 2:15:00 27.9 261 9.000

05.16.2010 2:45:00 27.6 263 9.000

05.16.2010 3:15:00 27.6 261 8.953

05.16.2010 3:45:00 29.3 260 8.813

05.16.2010 4:15:00 28.5 263 8.766

05.16.2010 4:45:00 27.3 262 8.719

05.16.2010 5:15:00 24.9 262 8.439

05.16.2010 5:45:00 22.9 261 8.509

05.16.2010 6:15:00 20.8 263 8.439

05.16.2010 6:45:00 20.2 261 8.439

05.16.2010 7:15:00 20.5 258 8.346

05.16.2010 7:45:00 21.7 263 8.393

05.16.2010 8:15:00 20.8 262 8.393

05.16.2010 8:45:00 21.7 262 8.369

05.16.2010 9:15:00 21.7 260 8.416

05.16.2010 9:45:00 18.5 257 8.439

05.16.2010 10:15:00 15.3 258 8.533

05.16.2010 10:45:00 10.9 256 8.509

05.16.2010 11:15:00 7.3 256 8.533

05.16.2010 11:45:00 6.7 249 8.416

05.16.2010 12:15:00 11.1 267 8.486

05.16.2010 12:45:00 13.5 266 8.696

05.16.2010 13:15:00 16.4 262 8.696

05.16.2010 13:45:00 17.0 262 8.603

05.16.2010 14:15:00 15.8 262 8.603

05.16.2010 14:45:00 14.7 263 8.603

05.16.2010 15:15:00 17.3 263 8.603

05.16.2010 15:45:00 17.9 263 8.556

05.16.2010 16:15:00 16.7 265 8.719

05.16.2010 16:45:00 15.8 265 8.626

05.16.2010 17:15:00 14.1 266 8.696

05.16.2010 17:45:00 14.1 269 8.719

05.16.2010 18:15:00 12.9 274 8.649

05.16.2010 18:45:00 14.4 268 8.719

05.16.2010 19:15:00 15.0 265 8.789

05.16.2010 19:45:00 16.1 262 8.859

05.16.2010 20:15:00 16.7 261 8.836

05.16.2010 20:45:00 16.1 263 8.906

05.16.2010 21:15:00 15.8 262 8.953

05.16.2010 21:45:00 15.8 258 8.953

05.16.2010 22:15:00 15.3 259 8.883

05.16.2010 22:45:00 16.4 260 9.000

05.16.2010 23:15:00 17.0 260 8.906

05.16.2010 23:45:00 17.3 262 8.930

308
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.17.2010 0:15:00 16.4 264 8.953

05.17.2010 0:45:00 18.2 260 9.000

05.17.2010 1:15:00 16.4 265 9.070

05.17.2010 1:45:00 17.0 266 9.093

05.17.2010 2:15:00 17.0 265 9.093

05.17.2010 2:45:00 18.2 260 9.187

05.17.2010 3:15:00 18.2 261 9.210

05.17.2010 3:45:00 17.3 260 9.233

05.17.2010 4:15:00 17.0 258 9.257

05.17.2010 4:45:00 16.7 262 9.304

05.17.2010 5:15:00 16.7 260 9.350

05.17.2010 5:45:00 16.7 256 9.350

05.17.2010 6:15:00 15.5 257 9.327

05.17.2010 6:45:00 16.7 252 9.444

05.17.2010 7:15:00 17.6 249 9.374

05.17.2010 7:45:00 18.2 247 9.491

05.17.2010 8:15:00 16.4 251 9.467

05.17.2010 8:45:00 13.2 251 9.350

05.17.2010 9:15:00 12.0 249 9.187

05.17.2010 9:45:00 16.4 249 9.233

05.17.2010 10:15:00 19.1 249 9.187

05.17.2010 10:45:00 19.9 251 9.070

05.17.2010 11:15:00 21.4 248 8.930

05.17.2010 11:45:00 22.3 248 8.976

05.17.2010 12:15:00 22.9 245 8.883

05.17.2010 12:45:00 20.8 243 8.766

05.17.2010 13:15:00 18.5 241 8.603

05.17.2010 13:45:00 19.9 245 8.486

05.17.2010 14:15:00 22.3 248 8.439

05.17.2010 14:45:00 23.5 249 8.416

05.17.2010 15:15:00 23.8 248 8.393

05.17.2010 15:45:00 24.3 245 8.369

05.17.2010 16:15:00 22.9 246 8.346

05.17.2010 16:45:00 19.7 250 8.299

05.17.2010 17:15:00 17.9 250 8.276

05.17.2010 17:45:00 18.8 249 8.229

05.17.2010 18:15:00 22.0 248 8.229

05.17.2010 18:45:00 21.7 249 8.276

05.17.2010 19:15:00 22.3 257 8.323

05.17.2010 19:45:00 20.8 255 8.299

05.17.2010 20:15:00 20.5 262 8.276

05.17.2010 20:45:00 22.6 255 8.253

05.17.2010 21:15:00 22.9 254 8.299

05.17.2010 21:45:00 22.6 255 8.486

05.17.2010 22:15:00 20.2 258 8.463

05.17.2010 22:45:00 19.4 259 8.579

05.17.2010 23:15:00 19.7 258 8.509

05.17.2010 23:45:00 20.5 258 8.579

309
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.18.2010 0:15:00 19.4 257 8.696

05.18.2010 0:45:00 18.2 256 8.719

05.18.2010 1:15:00 17.6 261 8.743

05.18.2010 1:45:00 16.7 262 8.766

05.18.2010 2:15:00 16.7 261 8.813

05.18.2010 2:45:00 15.0 264 8.930

05.18.2010 3:15:00 15.5 271 8.813

05.18.2010 3:45:00 16.7 267 9.023

05.18.2010 4:15:00 16.1 271 9.046

05.18.2010 4:45:00 14.7 269 9.046

05.18.2010 5:15:00 15.3 271 9.000

05.18.2010 5:45:00 15.8 272 9.070

05.18.2010 6:15:00 17.3 275 9.023

05.18.2010 6:45:00 18.2 275 9.000

05.18.2010 7:15:00 17.0 276 9.046

05.18.2010 7:45:00 16.1 277 8.976

05.18.2010 8:15:00 16.4 275 8.976

05.18.2010 8:45:00 15.5 279 8.930

05.18.2010 9:15:00 13.5 277 9.023

05.18.2010 9:45:00 13.8 277 9.000

05.18.2010 10:15:00 12.6 270 8.953

05.18.2010 10:45:00 11.1 271 9.000

05.18.2010 11:15:00 10.6 269 9.023

05.18.2010 11:45:00 10.3 268 8.953

05.18.2010 12:15:00 8.8 270 8.976

05.18.2010 12:45:00 12.3 270 9.093

05.18.2010 13:15:00 11.1 268 9.046

05.18.2010 13:45:00 11.7 272 9.000

05.18.2010 14:15:00 11.1 273 9.000

05.18.2010 14:45:00 10.6 277 8.953

05.18.2010 15:15:00 9.7 281 8.976

05.18.2010 15:45:00 9.4 294 9.046

05.18.2010 16:15:00 9.1 287 9.163

05.18.2010 16:45:00 9.4 280 9.140

05.18.2010 17:15:00 7.0 271 8.976

05.18.2010 17:45:00 6.7 268 9.163

05.18.2010 18:15:00 6.7 268 9.233

05.18.2010 18:45:00 7.9 279 9.304

05.18.2010 19:15:00 7.3 270 9.187

05.18.2010 19:45:00 9.7 260 9.187

05.18.2010 20:15:00 10.9 256 9.187

05.18.2010 20:45:00 10.0 257 9.163

05.18.2010 21:15:00 10.0 255 9.187

05.18.2010 21:45:00 10.9 261 9.187

05.18.2010 22:15:00 11.1 255 9.187

05.18.2010 22:45:00 11.4 253 9.187

05.18.2010 23:15:00 12.9 249 9.233

05.18.2010 23:45:00 12.3 248 9.280

310
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.19.2010 0:15:00 13.8 253 9.280

05.19.2010 0:45:00 13.5 258 9.280

05.19.2010 1:15:00 14.1 258 9.233

05.19.2010 1:45:00 14.7 263 9.187

05.19.2010 2:15:00 13.5 267 9.187

05.19.2010 2:45:00 15.8 269 9.187

05.19.2010 3:15:00 16.4 268 9.257

05.19.2010 3:45:00 16.7 272 9.233

05.19.2010 4:15:00 16.1 277 9.280

05.19.2010 4:45:00 16.4 278 9.257

05.19.2010 5:15:00 15.0 283 9.280

05.19.2010 5:45:00 15.3 283 9.257

05.19.2010 6:15:00 15.5 286 9.304

05.19.2010 6:45:00 13.2 289 9.257

05.19.2010 7:15:00 13.2 288 9.187

05.19.2010 7:45:00 9.4 281 9.140

05.19.2010 8:15:00 8.8 278 9.187

05.19.2010 8:45:00 9.1 283 9.233

05.19.2010 9:15:00 7.6 282 9.257

05.19.2010 9:45:00 8.5 287 9.163

05.19.2010 10:15:00 7.3 276 9.187

05.19.2010 10:45:00 8.5 290 9.233

05.19.2010 11:15:00 7.0 291 9.163

05.19.2010 11:45:00 3.2 270 9.000

05.19.2010 12:15:00 1.2 264 9.000

05.19.2010 12:45:00 3.5 274 8.906

05.19.2010 13:15:00 5.3 272 9.187

05.19.2010 13:45:00 8.8 275 9.304

05.19.2010 14:15:00 8.2 276 9.304

05.19.2010 14:45:00 9.1 272 9.257

05.19.2010 15:15:00 8.8 277 9.280

05.19.2010 15:45:00 8.2 283 9.350

05.19.2010 16:15:00 7.6 280 9.280

05.19.2010 16:45:00 8.5 284 9.280

05.19.2010 17:15:00 9.4 288 9.187

05.19.2010 17:45:00 6.7 291 9.163

05.19.2010 18:15:00 5.3 283 9.023

05.19.2010 18:45:00 0.3 319 9.046

05.19.2010 19:15:00 4.4 277 9.116

05.19.2010 19:45:00 5.3 277 9.116

05.19.2010 20:15:00 5.6 251 9.046

05.19.2010 20:45:00 6.7 250 9.280

05.19.2010 21:15:00 8.8 251 9.327

05.19.2010 21:45:00 9.4 246 9.397

05.19.2010 22:15:00 8.2 252 9.467

05.19.2010 22:45:00 7.9 257 9.421

05.19.2010 23:15:00 9.1 259 9.467

05.19.2010 23:45:00 7.9 270 9.444

311
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.20.2010 0:15:00 7.9 264 9.491

05.20.2010 0:45:00 8.5 268 9.514

05.20.2010 1:15:00 7.9 268 9.514

05.20.2010 1:45:00 10.0 262 9.514

05.20.2010 2:15:00 9.1 256 9.538

05.20.2010 2:45:00 9.1 261 9.491

05.20.2010 3:15:00 8.8 263 9.491

05.20.2010 3:45:00 8.5 269 9.491

05.20.2010 4:15:00 9.1 275 9.491

05.20.2010 4:45:00 8.2 275 9.467

05.20.2010 5:15:00 9.1 277 9.491

05.20.2010 5:45:00 9.4 276 9.491

05.20.2010 6:15:00 8.2 271 9.444

05.20.2010 6:45:00 10.6 266 9.421

05.20.2010 7:15:00 9.1 268 9.514

05.20.2010 7:45:00 10.6 262 9.467

05.20.2010 8:15:00 10.3 269 9.397

05.20.2010 8:45:00 10.6 270 9.374

05.20.2010 9:15:00 10.0 268 9.397

05.20.2010 9:45:00 10.0 267 9.397

05.20.2010 10:15:00 11.7 262 9.584

05.20.2010 10:45:00 12.6 258 9.584

05.20.2010 11:15:00 12.9 259 9.561

05.20.2010 11:45:00 10.6 263 9.467

05.20.2010 12:15:00 11.4 264 9.444

05.20.2010 12:45:00 10.6 271 9.327

05.20.2010 13:15:00 9.7 267 9.421

05.20.2010 13:45:00 10.0 271 9.444

05.20.2010 14:15:00 9.1 272 9.374

05.20.2010 14:45:00 7.9 276 9.233

05.20.2010 15:15:00 11.4 268 9.444

05.20.2010 15:45:00 11.7 269 9.467

05.20.2010 16:15:00 11.4 266 9.421

05.20.2010 16:45:00 10.3 268 9.397

05.20.2010 17:15:00 10.6 265 9.421

05.20.2010 17:45:00 10.9 267 9.467

05.20.2010 18:15:00 12.0 265 9.467

05.20.2010 18:45:00 12.0 266 9.444

05.20.2010 19:15:00 10.3 266 9.374

05.20.2010 19:45:00 11.7 259 9.467

05.20.2010 20:15:00 12.3 256 9.538

05.20.2010 20:45:00 12.0 258 9.538

05.20.2010 21:15:00 13.5 258 9.514

05.20.2010 21:45:00 13.2 257 9.538

05.20.2010 22:15:00 13.8 259 9.538

05.20.2010 22:45:00 14.1 259 9.561

05.20.2010 23:15:00 13.8 257 9.561

05.20.2010 23:45:00 13.5 262 9.584

312
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.21.2010 0:15:00 13.2 259 9.631

05.21.2010 0:45:00 13.2 255 9.655

05.21.2010 1:15:00 14.1 255 9.678

05.21.2010 1:45:00 16.7 253 9.702

05.21.2010 2:15:00 15.0 251 9.725

05.21.2010 2:45:00 15.5 250 9.795

05.21.2010 3:15:00 16.7 249 9.772

05.21.2010 3:45:00 17.9 252 9.491

05.21.2010 4:15:00 17.9 248 9.608

05.21.2010 4:45:00 18.8 250 9.631

05.21.2010 5:15:00 19.1 254 9.538

05.21.2010 5:45:00 17.3 256 9.584

05.21.2010 6:15:00 17.0 254 9.608

05.21.2010 6:45:00 16.4 258 9.538

05.21.2010 7:15:00 16.7 251 9.655

05.21.2010 7:45:00 17.6 254 9.748

05.21.2010 8:15:00 18.5 256 9.819

05.21.2010 8:45:00 18.2 255 9.702

05.21.2010 9:15:00 18.8 257 9.725

05.21.2010 9:45:00 20.2 257 9.725

05.21.2010 10:15:00 21.1 259 9.748

05.21.2010 10:45:00 22.6 264 9.795

05.21.2010 11:15:00 20.8 260 9.772

05.21.2010 11:45:00 21.7 263 9.795

05.21.2010 12:15:00 23.5 265 9.725

05.21.2010 12:45:00 22.9 264 9.795

05.21.2010 13:15:00 21.7 261 9.795

05.21.2010 13:45:00 22.3 261 9.819

05.21.2010 14:15:00 22.3 257 9.795

05.21.2010 14:45:00 24.1 260 9.866

05.21.2010 15:15:00 21.7 258 9.842

05.21.2010 15:45:00 22.0 257 9.748

05.21.2010 16:15:00 22.3 256 9.819

05.21.2010 16:45:00 20.2 258 9.772

05.21.2010 17:15:00 18.2 255 9.772

05.21.2010 17:45:00 17.6 260 9.748

05.21.2010 18:15:00 16.7 258 9.748

05.21.2010 18:45:00 16.4 261 9.748

05.21.2010 19:15:00 15.3 262 9.772

05.21.2010 19:45:00 13.5 253 9.725

05.21.2010 20:15:00 14.4 259 9.725

05.21.2010 20:45:00 15.0 258 9.866

05.21.2010 21:15:00 15.0 254 9.936

05.21.2010 21:45:00 16.7 250 9.959

05.21.2010 22:15:00 19.4 251 10.006

05.21.2010 22:45:00 19.1 254 10.053

05.21.2010 23:15:00 20.5 254 10.077

05.21.2010 23:45:00 22.9 247 10.100

313
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.22.2010 0:15:00 24.6 248 10.030

05.22.2010 0:45:00 27.3 249 10.124

05.22.2010 1:15:00 27.6 254 10.124

05.22.2010 1:45:00 26.1 255 10.124

05.22.2010 2:15:00 25.2 255 10.170

05.22.2010 2:45:00 26.7 253 10.170

05.22.2010 3:15:00 26.1 255 10.124

05.22.2010 3:45:00 24.1 254 10.241

05.22.2010 4:15:00 22.9 259 10.147

05.22.2010 4:45:00 23.2 257 10.170

05.22.2010 5:15:00 22.6 261 10.170

05.22.2010 5:45:00 22.6 257 10.217

05.22.2010 6:15:00 23.8 258 10.194

05.22.2010 6:45:00 24.1 256 10.217

05.22.2010 7:15:00 24.3 256 10.217

05.22.2010 7:45:00 24.6 257 10.217

05.22.2010 8:15:00 22.9 258 10.264

05.22.2010 8:45:00 23.2 258 10.264

05.22.2010 9:15:00 21.7 260 10.264

05.22.2010 9:45:00 22.9 254 10.264

05.22.2010 10:15:00 22.3 255 10.264

05.22.2010 10:45:00 23.8 252 10.241

05.22.2010 11:15:00 23.2 254 10.170

05.22.2010 11:45:00 23.2 255 10.124

05.22.2010 12:15:00 25.2 254 10.053

05.22.2010 12:45:00 26.4 255 10.053

05.22.2010 13:15:00 25.8 252 9.983

05.22.2010 13:45:00 25.8 248 10.006

05.22.2010 14:15:00 27.3 249 10.077

05.22.2010 14:45:00 26.4 250 10.077

05.22.2010 15:15:00 26.1 253 10.077

05.22.2010 15:45:00 25.2 252 10.077

05.22.2010 16:15:00 23.8 250 10.077

05.22.2010 16:45:00 21.7 250 10.147

05.22.2010 17:15:00 22.0 253 10.170

05.22.2010 17:45:00 21.1 256 10.264

05.22.2010 18:15:00 18.5 260 10.241

05.22.2010 18:45:00 22.0 258 10.288

05.22.2010 19:15:00 22.6 259 10.217

05.22.2010 19:45:00 21.1 253 10.288

05.22.2010 20:15:00 20.8 256 10.217

05.22.2010 20:45:00 22.0 257 10.241

05.22.2010 21:15:00 23.8 254 10.217

05.22.2010 21:45:00 25.5 256 10.264

05.22.2010 22:15:00 25.5 254 10.311

05.22.2010 22:45:00 27.0 255 10.335

05.22.2010 23:15:00 28.2 255 10.382

05.22.2010 23:45:00 30.2 257 10.358

314
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.23.2010 0:15:00 27.3 255 10.382

05.23.2010 0:45:00 27.6 254 10.358

05.23.2010 1:15:00 29.0 248 10.382

05.23.2010 1:45:00 32.3 251 10.429

05.23.2010 2:15:00 32.0 250 10.405

05.23.2010 2:45:00 29.3 249 10.405

05.23.2010 3:15:00 29.3 251 10.405

05.23.2010 3:45:00 30.8 250 10.429

05.23.2010 4:15:00 29.3 251 10.405

05.23.2010 4:45:00 31.1 253 10.382

05.23.2010 5:15:00 31.7 251 10.335

05.23.2010 5:45:00 30.2 254 10.288

05.23.2010 6:15:00 29.6 252 10.288

05.23.2010 6:45:00 31.7 256 10.194

05.23.2010 7:15:00 31.4 256 10.241

05.23.2010 7:45:00 29.3 254 10.194

05.23.2010 8:15:00 31.7 256 10.170

05.23.2010 8:45:00 31.7 259 10.217

05.23.2010 9:15:00 31.4 258 10.264

05.23.2010 9:45:00 29.0 260 10.264

05.23.2010 10:15:00 29.0 260 10.241

05.23.2010 10:45:00 27.0 259 10.241

05.23.2010 11:15:00 27.6 261 10.288

05.23.2010 11:45:00 27.3 257 10.241

05.23.2010 12:15:00 23.5 255 10.264

05.23.2010 12:45:00 28.2 250 10.264

05.23.2010 13:15:00 30.5 249 10.288

05.23.2010 13:45:00 28.2 248 10.288

05.23.2010 14:15:00 27.6 247 10.311

05.23.2010 14:45:00 28.5 248 10.311

05.23.2010 15:15:00 28.7 248 10.335

05.23.2010 15:45:00 28.5 246 10.358

05.23.2010 16:15:00 29.0 243 10.358

05.23.2010 16:45:00 27.6 243 10.382

05.23.2010 17:15:00 28.2 243 10.382

05.23.2010 17:45:00 28.7 243 10.429

05.23.2010 18:15:00 27.0 248 10.429

05.23.2010 18:45:00 26.7 245 10.429

05.23.2010 19:15:00 25.2 248 10.452

05.23.2010 19:45:00 24.9 253 10.429

05.23.2010 20:15:00 22.9 257 10.452

05.23.2010 20:45:00 23.2 254 10.476

05.23.2010 21:15:00 24.1 252 10.476

05.23.2010 21:45:00 24.6 254 10.499

05.23.2010 22:15:00 23.8 256 10.546

05.23.2010 22:45:00 26.4 254 10.570

05.23.2010 23:15:00 26.7 254 10.617

05.23.2010 23:45:00 27.9 257 10.617

315
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.24.2010 0:15:00 25.2 253 10.640

05.24.2010 0:45:00 26.7 253 10.687

05.24.2010 1:15:00 27.9 253 10.664

05.24.2010 1:45:00 29.0 250 10.711

05.24.2010 2:15:00 27.0 249 10.734

05.24.2010 2:45:00 25.8 249 10.734

05.24.2010 3:15:00 26.7 252 10.734

05.24.2010 3:45:00 24.9 251 10.687

05.24.2010 4:15:00 24.1 252 10.711

05.24.2010 4:45:00 24.6 249 10.782

05.24.2010 5:15:00 22.6 249 10.711

05.24.2010 5:45:00 19.9 258 10.640

05.24.2010 6:15:00 19.9 261 10.593

05.24.2010 6:45:00 19.1 260 10.593

05.24.2010 7:15:00 18.8 261 10.570

05.24.2010 7:45:00 19.1 256 10.617

05.24.2010 8:15:00 22.0 259 10.640

05.24.2010 8:45:00 19.9 255 10.593

05.24.2010 9:15:00 19.7 257 10.546

05.24.2010 9:45:00 17.9 256 10.593

05.24.2010 10:15:00 20.2 256 10.570

05.24.2010 10:45:00 21.4 253 10.546

05.24.2010 11:15:00 19.9 248 10.523

05.24.2010 11:45:00 22.9 248 10.593

05.24.2010 12:15:00 22.6 245 10.523

05.24.2010 12:45:00 22.3 247 10.546

05.24.2010 13:15:00 22.3 249 10.546

05.24.2010 13:45:00 22.0 246 10.640

05.24.2010 14:15:00 21.4 243 10.640

05.24.2010 14:45:00 20.5 248 10.593

05.24.2010 15:15:00 22.3 248 10.664

05.24.2010 15:45:00 23.2 243 10.640

05.24.2010 16:15:00 22.3 241 10.640

05.24.2010 16:45:00 22.6 245 10.664

05.24.2010 17:15:00 22.0 244 10.664

05.24.2010 17:45:00 23.5 245 10.664

05.24.2010 18:15:00 24.6 248 10.664

05.24.2010 18:45:00 25.5 250 10.664

05.24.2010 19:15:00 25.2 250 10.664

05.24.2010 19:45:00 24.9 252 10.640

05.24.2010 20:15:00 24.1 253 10.664

05.24.2010 20:45:00 23.5 254 10.687

05.24.2010 21:15:00 21.4 256 10.640

05.24.2010 21:45:00 22.3 255 10.687

05.24.2010 22:15:00 20.8 253 10.664

05.24.2010 22:45:00 21.4 253 10.640

05.24.2010 23:15:00 21.4 253 10.640

05.24.2010 23:45:00 22.3 251 10.687

316
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.25.2010 0:15:00 20.5 251 10.664

05.25.2010 0:45:00 19.9 254 10.664

05.25.2010 1:15:00 20.8 253 10.664

05.25.2010 1:45:00 22.6 251 10.664

05.25.2010 2:15:00 22.9 251 10.687

05.25.2010 2:45:00 19.1 252 10.687

05.25.2010 3:15:00 22.0 253 10.687

05.25.2010 3:45:00 22.0 256 10.687

05.25.2010 4:15:00 23.2 250 10.664

05.25.2010 4:45:00 25.8 250 10.687

05.25.2010 5:15:00 24.3 252 10.640

05.25.2010 5:45:00 23.2 253 10.640

05.25.2010 6:15:00 22.0 255 10.640

05.25.2010 6:45:00 21.1 255 10.687

05.25.2010 7:15:00 22.0 259 10.640

05.25.2010 7:45:00 22.3 261 10.640

05.25.2010 8:15:00 21.7 260 10.640

05.25.2010 8:45:00 20.2 258 10.593

05.25.2010 9:15:00 19.9 259 10.617

05.25.2010 9:45:00 20.2 263 10.593

05.25.2010 10:15:00 18.8 261 10.617

05.25.2010 10:45:00 19.1 258 10.664

05.25.2010 11:15:00 19.4 257 10.617

05.25.2010 11:45:00 19.7 259 10.617

05.25.2010 12:15:00 17.9 258 10.687

05.25.2010 12:45:00 19.7 257 10.593

05.25.2010 13:15:00 17.6 258 10.617

05.25.2010 13:45:00 16.4 258 10.593

05.25.2010 14:15:00 16.4 254 10.593

05.25.2010 14:45:00 17.3 255 10.593

05.25.2010 15:15:00 19.1 255 10.570

05.25.2010 15:45:00 17.6 256 10.570

05.25.2010 16:15:00 18.8 254 10.570

05.25.2010 16:45:00 19.4 256 10.640

05.25.2010 17:15:00 19.1 254 10.640

05.25.2010 17:45:00 19.4 251 10.687

05.25.2010 18:15:00 21.4 250 10.734

05.25.2010 18:45:00 23.5 249 10.758

05.25.2010 19:15:00 23.2 248 10.805

05.25.2010 19:45:00 23.2 252 10.852

05.25.2010 20:15:00 23.8 248 10.829

05.25.2010 20:45:00 22.9 253 10.829

05.25.2010 21:15:00 23.2 251 10.852

05.25.2010 21:45:00 21.4 255 10.852

05.25.2010 22:15:00 20.5 255 10.852

05.25.2010 22:45:00 20.8 256 10.852

05.25.2010 23:15:00 18.5 253 10.829

05.25.2010 23:45:00 19.1 254 10.829

317
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.26.2010 0:15:00 17.0 250 10.852

05.26.2010 0:45:00 17.0 255 10.852

05.26.2010 1:15:00 19.1 248 10.852

05.26.2010 1:45:00 19.7 248 10.852

05.26.2010 2:15:00 18.8 248 10.876

05.26.2010 2:45:00 20.5 248 10.899

05.26.2010 3:15:00 20.5 244 10.923

05.26.2010 3:45:00 22.0 248 10.946

05.26.2010 4:15:00 21.7 249 10.946

05.26.2010 4:45:00 23.5 251 10.993

05.26.2010 5:15:00 21.7 253 10.993

05.26.2010 5:45:00 24.1 259 10.993

05.26.2010 6:15:00 18.8 258 11.041

05.26.2010 6:45:00 18.2 258 11.041

05.26.2010 7:15:00 17.9 260 11.064

05.26.2010 7:45:00 17.3 257 11.064

05.26.2010 8:15:00 15.3 262 11.041

05.26.2010 8:45:00 15.8 259 11.041

05.26.2010 9:15:00 13.5 258 11.064

05.26.2010 9:45:00 14.1 261 11.064

05.26.2010 10:15:00 12.3 256 11.064

05.26.2010 10:45:00 12.9 263 11.064

05.26.2010 11:15:00 12.3 263 11.064

05.26.2010 11:45:00 13.5 257 11.158

05.26.2010 12:15:00 11.4 250 11.158

05.26.2010 12:45:00 10.3 252 11.111

05.26.2010 13:15:00 12.3 253 11.135

05.26.2010 13:45:00 14.4 253 11.182

05.26.2010 14:15:00 13.2 252 11.253

05.26.2010 14:45:00 12.3 255 11.253

05.26.2010 15:15:00 13.2 267 11.276

05.26.2010 15:45:00 12.6 257 11.300

05.26.2010 16:15:00 14.7 251 11.300

05.26.2010 16:45:00 15.5 254 11.300

05.26.2010 17:15:00 14.1 251 11.276

05.26.2010 17:45:00 15.3 244 11.276

05.26.2010 18:15:00 14.7 242 11.300

05.26.2010 18:45:00 12.3 245 11.324

05.26.2010 19:15:00 14.7 239 11.324

05.26.2010 19:45:00 12.0 239 11.347

05.26.2010 20:15:00 13.2 248 11.347

05.26.2010 20:45:00 12.0 249 11.347

05.26.2010 21:15:00 11.1 254 11.324

05.26.2010 21:45:00 10.0 244 11.347

05.26.2010 22:15:00 10.6 238 11.347

05.26.2010 22:45:00 9.1 242 11.324

05.26.2010 23:15:00 7.9 244 11.347

05.26.2010 23:45:00 7.9 237 11.347

318
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.27.2010 0:15:00 5.9 244 11.347

05.27.2010 0:45:00 7.3 254 11.300

05.27.2010 1:15:00 8.2 251 11.300

05.27.2010 1:45:00 10.0 257 11.253

05.27.2010 2:15:00 8.8 250 11.276

05.27.2010 2:45:00 12.6 251 11.300

05.27.2010 3:15:00 12.9 251 11.347

05.27.2010 3:45:00 13.5 254 11.300

05.27.2010 4:15:00 12.9 245 11.300

05.27.2010 4:45:00 12.3 254 11.253

05.27.2010 5:15:00 12.9 252 11.206

05.27.2010 5:45:00 11.7 251 11.088

05.27.2010 6:15:00 12.9 258 11.088

05.27.2010 6:45:00 16.1 250 11.111

05.27.2010 7:15:00 16.4 250 11.041

05.27.2010 7:45:00 15.0 253 10.970

05.27.2010 8:15:00 13.5 254 10.946

05.27.2010 8:45:00 14.7 259 11.017

05.27.2010 9:15:00 12.9 262 10.970

05.27.2010 9:45:00 12.6 272 10.970

05.27.2010 10:15:00 12.0 272 10.876

05.27.2010 10:45:00 11.7 273 10.923

05.27.2010 11:15:00 12.0 277 10.923

05.27.2010 11:45:00 11.1 280 10.876

05.27.2010 12:15:00 11.7 281 10.923

05.27.2010 12:45:00 10.9 283 11.041

05.27.2010 13:15:00 10.3 278 11.017

05.27.2010 13:45:00 10.6 277 10.923

05.27.2010 14:15:00 9.7 280 10.852

05.27.2010 14:45:00 7.9 287 10.782

05.27.2010 15:15:00 7.0 288 10.758

05.27.2010 15:45:00 6.2 263 10.805

05.27.2010 16:15:00 5.0 246 10.758

05.27.2010 16:45:00 7.6 217 10.758

05.27.2010 17:15:00 8.5 213 10.829

05.27.2010 17:45:00 11.1 225 10.782

05.27.2010 18:15:00 10.0 215 10.782

05.27.2010 18:45:00 11.7 236 10.805

05.27.2010 19:15:00 12.6 231 10.782

05.27.2010 19:45:00 12.9 229 10.734

05.27.2010 20:15:00 12.9 244 10.829

05.27.2010 20:45:00 12.6 252 10.852

05.27.2010 21:15:00 11.7 258 10.829

05.27.2010 21:45:00 8.8 270 10.782

05.27.2010 22:15:00 8.2 265 10.734

05.27.2010 22:45:00 7.3 276 10.711

05.27.2010 23:15:00 8.2 271 10.711

05.27.2010 23:45:00 9.4 267 10.734

319
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.28.2010 0:15:00 12.9 277 10.687

05.28.2010 0:45:00 11.1 274 10.664

05.28.2010 1:15:00 12.3 275 10.805

05.28.2010 1:45:00 8.5 266 10.711

05.28.2010 2:15:00 8.5 280 10.758

05.28.2010 2:45:00 9.4 277 10.805

05.28.2010 3:15:00 8.2 280 10.734

05.28.2010 3:45:00 8.5 269 10.805

05.28.2010 4:15:00 7.9 276 10.805

05.28.2010 4:45:00 6.2 260 10.687

05.28.2010 5:15:00 4.1 251 10.640

05.28.2010 5:45:00 4.7 244 10.664

05.28.2010 6:15:00 3.5 268 10.734

05.28.2010 6:45:00 3.8 228 10.499

05.28.2010 7:15:00 5.3 234 10.499

05.28.2010 7:45:00 5.6 218 10.687

05.28.2010 8:15:00 5.9 240 10.734

05.28.2010 8:45:00 5.3 244 10.687

05.28.2010 9:15:00 6.5 248 10.664

05.28.2010 9:45:00 6.2 261 10.617

05.28.2010 10:15:00 3.5 282 10.640

05.28.2010 10:45:00 5.0 274 10.640

05.28.2010 11:15:00 3.2 273 10.617

05.28.2010 11:45:00 4.7 260 10.593

05.28.2010 12:15:00 3.2 259 10.499

05.28.2010 12:45:00 1.2 046 10.499

05.28.2010 13:15:00 2.3 279 10.452

05.28.2010 13:45:00 2.6 272 10.429

05.28.2010 14:15:00 2.9 296 10.405

05.28.2010 14:45:00 2.1 241 10.405

05.28.2010 15:15:00 4.4 203 10.429

05.28.2010 15:45:00 5.9 210 10.405

05.28.2010 16:15:00 7.0 215 10.476

05.28.2010 16:45:00 7.0 206 10.311

05.28.2010 17:15:00 7.3 216 10.311

05.28.2010 17:45:00 9.1 215 10.288

05.28.2010 18:15:00 10.0 215 10.311

05.28.2010 18:45:00 10.3 212 10.335

05.28.2010 19:15:00 10.3 225 10.782

05.28.2010 19:45:00 10.0 234 10.687

05.28.2010 20:15:00 8.2 249 10.687

05.28.2010 20:45:00 9.1 270 10.664

05.28.2010 21:15:00 10.6 263 10.687

05.28.2010 21:45:00 11.1 257 10.687

05.28.2010 22:15:00 10.0 268 10.617

05.28.2010 22:45:00 9.7 289 10.523

05.28.2010 23:15:00 10.0 291 10.476

05.28.2010 23:45:00 10.6 284 10.452

320
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.29.2010 0:15:00 9.7 290 10.640

05.29.2010 0:45:00 9.1 290 10.523

05.29.2010 1:15:00 10.0 300 10.499

05.29.2010 1:45:00 8.8 309 10.570

05.29.2010 2:15:00 8.8 290 10.617

05.29.2010 2:45:00 10.6 281 10.734

05.29.2010 3:15:00 9.7 269 10.711

05.29.2010 3:45:00 9.7 266 10.734

05.29.2010 4:15:00 9.4 251 10.734

05.29.2010 4:45:00 7.9 259 10.734

05.29.2010 5:15:00 6.7 255 10.570

05.29.2010 5:45:00 5.9 254 10.640

05.29.2010 6:15:00 6.2 258 10.617

05.29.2010 6:45:00 6.2 249 10.593

05.29.2010 7:15:00 7.3 226 10.546

05.29.2010 7:45:00 7.9 231 10.311

05.29.2010 8:15:00 8.5 229 10.546

05.29.2010 8:45:00 7.9 247 10.617

05.29.2010 9:15:00 7.6 254 10.593

05.29.2010 9:45:00 5.9 262 10.617

05.29.2010 10:15:00 6.5 257 10.570

05.29.2010 10:45:00 4.1 298 10.593

05.29.2010 11:15:00 4.7 270 10.476

05.29.2010 11:45:00 4.1 023 10.311

05.29.2010 12:15:00 4.7 041 10.311

05.29.2010 12:45:00 3.8 018 10.311

05.29.2010 13:15:00 2.3 328 10.311

05.29.2010 13:45:00 1.8 074 10.311

05.29.2010 14:15:00 1.5 222 10.358

05.29.2010 14:45:00 2.3 220 10.335

05.29.2010 15:15:00 2.9 194 10.570

05.29.2010 15:45:00 3.2 223 10.335

05.29.2010 16:15:00 3.8 193 10.499

05.29.2010 16:45:00 4.7 208 10.523

05.29.2010 17:15:00 4.7 204 10.452

05.29.2010 17:45:00 3.8 218 10.476

05.29.2010 18:15:00 6.2 217 10.523

05.29.2010 18:45:00 5.6 220 10.546

05.29.2010 19:15:00 5.0 242 10.617

05.29.2010 19:45:00 4.1 267 10.617

05.29.2010 20:15:00 3.8 243 10.617

05.29.2010 20:45:00 2.9 255 10.617

05.29.2010 21:15:00 4.4 232 10.617

05.29.2010 21:45:00 3.8 244 10.617

05.29.2010 22:15:00 6.5 240 10.687

05.29.2010 22:45:00 6.7 242 10.758

05.29.2010 23:15:00 7.6 259 10.829

05.29.2010 23:45:00 5.9 280 10.852

321
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.30.2010 0:15:00 7.0 290 10.734

05.30.2010 0:45:00 4.4 294 10.570

05.30.2010 1:15:00 4.7 310 10.523

05.30.2010 1:45:00 3.5 326 10.499

05.30.2010 2:15:00 5.0 320 10.546

05.30.2010 2:45:00 3.8 325 10.499

05.30.2010 3:15:00 2.6 021 10.358

05.30.2010 3:45:00 0.9 004 10.335

05.30.2010 4:15:00 0.3 211 10.311

05.30.2010 4:45:00 2.1 168 10.335

05.30.2010 5:15:00 1.8 149 10.264

05.30.2010 5:45:00 2.6 132 10.264

05.30.2010 6:15:00 1.8 152 10.264

05.30.2010 6:45:00 3.5 181 10.288

05.30.2010 7:15:00 2.6 189 10.288

05.30.2010 7:45:00 2.3 185 10.335

05.30.2010 8:15:00 3.8 170 10.288

05.30.2010 8:45:00 4.7 167 10.311

05.30.2010 9:15:00 3.8 182 10.311

05.30.2010 9:45:00 4.4 187 10.311

05.30.2010 10:15:00 3.2 182 10.311

05.30.2010 10:45:00 2.9 177 10.311

05.30.2010 11:15:00 3.2 158 10.335

05.30.2010 11:45:00 1.8 137 10.335

05.30.2010 12:15:00 3.2 161 10.358

05.30.2010 12:45:00 3.5 143 10.358

05.30.2010 13:15:00 5.3 156 10.288

05.30.2010 13:45:00 3.8 161 10.335

05.30.2010 14:15:00 4.1 173 10.405

05.30.2010 14:45:00 5.3 200 10.429

05.30.2010 15:15:00 5.3 204 10.452

05.30.2010 15:45:00 4.4 211 10.570

05.30.2010 16:15:00 1.8 246 10.687

05.30.2010 16:45:00 2.6 314 10.687

05.30.2010 17:15:00 2.3 009 10.617

05.30.2010 17:45:00 3.8 029 10.546

05.30.2010 18:15:00 2.6 043 10.476

05.30.2010 18:45:00 2.3 139 10.405

05.30.2010 19:15:00 2.3 150 10.382

05.30.2010 19:45:00 2.6 148 10.335

05.30.2010 20:15:00 1.5 185 10.382

05.30.2010 20:45:00 1.5 224 10.405

05.30.2010 21:15:00 1.8 132 10.358

05.30.2010 21:45:00 3.2 106 10.405

05.30.2010 22:15:00 3.8 103 10.335

05.30.2010 22:45:00 5.0 123 10.311

05.30.2010 23:15:00 4.1 114 10.311

05.30.2010 23:45:00 5.3 134 10.311

322
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

05.31.2010 0:15:00 3.8 150 10.288

05.31.2010 0:45:00 2.6 114 10.311

05.31.2010 1:15:00 2.6 145 10.429

05.31.2010 1:45:00 3.8 137 10.358

05.31.2010 2:15:00 3.5 140 10.405

05.31.2010 2:45:00 5.6 133 10.476

05.31.2010 3:15:00 5.0 125 10.452

05.31.2010 3:45:00 4.1 151 10.405

05.31.2010 4:15:00 6.5 132 10.382

05.31.2010 4:45:00 6.5 127 10.311

05.31.2010 5:15:00 5.0 137 10.311

05.31.2010 5:45:00 5.6 154 10.311

05.31.2010 6:15:00 5.3 152 10.335

05.31.2010 6:45:00 7.3 168 10.335

05.31.2010 7:15:00 6.2 182 10.358

05.31.2010 7:45:00 5.6 155 10.335

05.31.2010 8:15:00 5.0 156 10.311

05.31.2010 8:45:00 5.3 156 10.288

05.31.2010 9:15:00 3.2 157 10.264

05.31.2010 9:45:00 3.5 151 10.241

05.31.2010 10:15:00 2.9 131 10.264

05.31.2010 10:45:00 4.7 135 10.288

05.31.2010 11:15:00 3.8 122 10.264

05.31.2010 11:45:00 2.3 113 10.311

05.31.2010 12:15:00 4.1 115 10.311

05.31.2010 12:45:00 4.7 119 10.288

05.31.2010 13:15:00 2.9 112 10.264

05.31.2010 13:45:00 2.3 120 10.288

05.31.2010 14:15:00 4.4 108 10.311

05.31.2010 14:45:00 4.4 130 10.335

05.31.2010 15:15:00 5.6 127 10.311

05.31.2010 15:45:00 5.3 145 10.311

05.31.2010 16:15:00 5.0 128 10.311

05.31.2010 16:45:00 5.9 132 10.335

05.31.2010 17:15:00 5.9 138 10.382

05.31.2010 17:45:00 5.9 146 10.405

05.31.2010 18:15:00 6.7 150 10.499

05.31.2010 18:45:00 5.9 141 10.593

05.31.2010 19:15:00 5.6 124 10.617

05.31.2010 19:45:00 5.3 118 10.640

05.31.2010 20:15:00 5.3 111 10.570

05.31.2010 20:45:00 5.9 126 10.476

05.31.2010 21:15:00 5.6 133 10.335

05.31.2010 21:45:00 5.6 125 10.335

05.31.2010 22:15:00 5.6 123 10.288

05.31.2010 22:45:00 3.8 121 10.358

05.31.2010 23:15:00 6.2 110 10.405

05.31.2010 23:45:00 5.9 093 10.264

323
Date Time Speed Direction Temp

(mm/dd/yyyy) (UTC) (cm/s) (°C)

1/6/2010 0:45:00 3.8 075 10.288

1/6/2010 1:15:00 4.4 065 10.264

1/6/2010 1:45:00 5.3 075 10.241

1/6/2010 2:15:00 6.2 073 10.264

324
 

APPENDIX C-1CORAL ASSOCIATE FAUNA COLLECTED WITH 

CORAL HOSTS AS PART OF THIS PROJECT 

 

325
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2008 GC234 SV5 26-Sep-08 ophiuroid Paragorgia

L2_2008 GC234 SV5 26-Sep-08 ophiuroid Paragorgia

L2_2008 GC234 SV5 26-Sep-08 ophiuroid Paragorgia

L2_2008 GC140 SV1 22-Sep-08 barnacles Paramuriceid

L2_2008 GC140 SV6 27-Sep-08 stalked barnacles Antipatharian

L2_2008 GC140 SV6 27-Sep-08 barnacles Antipatharian

L2_2008 GC140 SV6 27-Sep-08 barnacles Antipatharian

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Barnacle morph 1 Paramuriceid 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Amphipod morph 1 Paramuriceid 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Astrogomphus sp. Paramuriceid 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 2 Dead Lophelia 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Nereid Dead Lophelia 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Polychaete moph 1 Dead Lophelia 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Barnacle morph 2 Dead Antipatharian 442 26.1808 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Eunice sp. Dead Antipatharian 442 26.1808 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Zoanthids Dead Antipatharian 442 26.1808 -84.7053

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Stylasterid morph 1 Dead Lophelia 441 26.1785 -84.7050

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Nereid morph 2 Dead Lophelia 441 26.1785 -84.7050

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Glass sponges morph 1 Lophelia 440 26.1788 -84.7052

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Polychaete Lophelia 440 26.1788 -84.7052

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Amphipod morph 2 Lophelia 440 26.1788 -84.7052

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Stylasterid morph 1 Antipatharian 399 26.1925 -84.6996

L2_2009 W. Fl. Slope 453 21-Aug-09 Hydroid? morph 1 Dead Lophelia 442 26.1807 -84.7053

L2_2009 DC583 454 23-Aug-09 B. serratipalma? Chrysogorgia 2258 28.3875 -87.3802

L2_2009 DC583 454 23-Aug-09 Sibogagorgia 2440 28.3859 -87.3873

L2_2009 DC583 454 23-Aug-09

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2201 28.3881 -87.3801

L2_2009 AT047 457 25-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Purple gorgonian 853 27.8800 -89.7883

326
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2009 AT047 457 25-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Purple gorgonian 853 27.8800 -89.7883

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Primnoid 532 27.7393 -91.1944

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 3 Primnoid 532 27.7393 -91.1944

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 532 27.7393 -91.1944

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 532 27.7391 -91.1942

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 532 27.7394 -91.1941

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 532 27.7391 -91.1942

L2_2009 GC235 458 26-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 532 27.7392 -91.1941

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 364 27.6890 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Gastropod morph 1 Paramuriceid 364 27.6890 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 360 27.6864 -92.2306

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 360 27.6864 -92.2306

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 362 27.6873 -92.2310

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 5 Callogorgia 362 27.6873 -92.2310

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 3 Callogorgia 360 27.6864 -92.2306

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 360 27.6865 -92.2308

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 3 Callogorgia 360 27.6865 -92.2308

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 360 27.6865 -92.2308

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 360 27.6866 -92.2307

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 360 27.6866 -92.2307

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Anemone "white sock" Callogorgia 360 27.6865 -92.2308

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 365 27.6892 -92.2175

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 360 27.6864 -92.2307

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 366 27.6891 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Gastropod morph 1 Callogorgia 365 27.6890 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Anemone "white sock" Leiopathes 365 27.6892 -92.2175

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 6 Antipatharian 396 27.6898 -92.2195

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Barnacle morph 3 Antipatharian 396 27.6898 -92.2195

327
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Anemone morph 2 Callogorgia 362 27.6866 -92.2312

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 362 27.6866 -92.2312

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Astrogomphus sp. Keratoisis 365 27.6892 -92.2175

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Keratoisis 365 27.6892 -92.2175

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Barnacle morph 4 Keratoisis 365 27.6892 -92.2175

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 365 27.6890 -92.2177

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 364 27.6890 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 364 27.6890 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 364 27.6889 -92.2176

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 362 27.6866 -92.2312

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 362 27.6866 -92.2312

L2_2009 GB299 459 27-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 362 27.6866 -92.2312

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 7 Lophelia 518 27.4273 -93.5855

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Aplacophoran morph 1 White octocoral 538 27.4244 -93.5938

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Pycnogonid morph 1 Lophelia 508 27.4289 -93.5818

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Catshark egg case Narella 532 27.4262 -93.5906

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Barnacle morph 3 Antipatharian 515 27.4279 -93.5835

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Decorator Crab morph 1 Narella 532 27.4262 -93.5906

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Shrimp morph 1 Lophelia 511 27.4302 -93.5776

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Shrimp morph 2 Lophelia 511 27.4302 -93.5776

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Bivalve morph 1 Lophelia 511 27.4302 -93.5776

L2_2009 GB535 460 28-Aug-09 Eumunida picta Lophelia 511 27.4302 -93.5776

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Barnacle morph 3 Swiftia 1426 27.1198 -91.1647

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Anemone morph 3 Paramuriceid 1397 27.1104 -91.1660

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 1397 27.1104 -91.1660

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Anemone morph 3 Paramuriceid 1397 27.1104 -91.1660

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Shrimp morph 4 Keratoisis 1422 27.1199 -91.1646

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Sergestid? Keratoisis 1422 27.1199 -91.1646

328
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Ophiuroid Purple gorgonian 1396 27.1103 -91.1660

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Hermit crab morph 1 Keratoisis 1422 27.1199 -91.1646

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Amphipods Keratoisis 1422 27.1199 -91.1646

L2_2009 GC852 461 29-Aug-09 Zoanthid morph 2 Paramuriceid 1396 27.1103 -91.1660

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 836 27.6724 -90.4762

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 5 Paramuriceid 836 27.6724 -90.4762

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Aplacophoran morph 1 Paramuriceid 836 27.6724 -90.4762

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 830 27.6728 -90.4762

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 836 27.6724 -90.4762

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Ophiuroid morph 8 Callogorgia 836 27.6724 -90.4762

L2_2009 GC338 462 30-Aug-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 830 27.6728 -90.4762

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 437 28.1946 -89.7990

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Gastropod morph 2 Callogorgia 437 28.1946 -89.7990

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 438 28.1951 -89.8001

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 438 28.1951 -89.8002

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 440 28.1939 -89.7981

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia 438 28.1942 -89.7991

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 441 28.1936 -89.7982

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia 441 28.1935 -89.7982

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 440 28.1939 -89.7987

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 437 28.1937 -89.7986

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 441 28.1946 -89.7979

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia 440 28.1940 -89.7986

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 440 28.1937 -89.7986

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Shrimp morph 5 Lophelia 440 28.1937 -89.7982

L2_2009 MC751 464 31-Aug-05 Zoanthid morph 1 Lophelia 440 28.1937 -89.7982

L2_2009 VK826 466 4-Sep-09 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 460 29.1641 -88.0117

L2_2009 VK826 466 4-Sep-09 Astrogomphus sp. Callogorgia 460 29.1641 -88.0117

329
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2009 VK826 466 4-Sep-09 Ophiuroid morph 4 Callogorgia 460 29.1641 -88.0117

L2_2009 VK826 466 4-Sep-09 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia 456 29.1643 -88.0117

L2_2009 VK826 466 4-Sep-09 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia 456 29.1643 -88.0117

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 15-Oct-10 Hydroids Tanacetipathes 527 29.1560 -88.0214

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 15-Oct-10 Amphipods Tanacetipathes 527 29.1560 -88.0214

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 15-Oct-10 Eumunida picta Tanacetipathes 527 29.1560 -88.0214

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 15-Oct-10 Ostracod Tanacetipathes 527 29.1560 -88.0214

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 16-Oct-10 Polynoid Lophelia 489 29.1584 -88.0193

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 16-Oct-10 Gastropod Lophelia 489 29.1584 -88.0193

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 16-Oct-10 Glass sponge Lophelia 483 29.1582 -88.0184

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 16-Oct-10 Stalked sponges Lophelia 483 29.1582 -88.0184

L2_2010 VK826 J2-526 16-Oct-10 Polynoid Lophelia 483 29.1582 -88.0184

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 637 28.1533 89.8134

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 637 28.1533 89.8134

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 631 28.0767 89.7105

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 625 28.0665 89.7137

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Shrimp Callogorgia 634 28.0655 89.7173

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 625 28.0665 89.7137

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 637 28.0700 89.7134

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 637 28.0700 89.7134

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 626 28.0665 89.7147

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 626 28.0665 89.7147

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Sabellid worm Lophelia 624 28.0692 89.7131

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 623 28.0665 89.7124

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 623 28.0665 89.7124

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 632 28.0664 89.7166

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 634 28.0655 89.7175

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 626 28.0665 89.7147

330
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 626 28.0665 89.7147

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 631 28.0768 89.7105

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 631 28.0768 89.7105

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 630 29.0663 89.7159

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 630 29.0663 89.7159

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 632 28.0664 89.7166

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 630 29.0663 89.7159

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 632 28.0664 89.7166

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 623 28.0665 89.7124

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 634 28.0655 89.7173

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 634 28.0653 89.7173

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 634 28.0655 89.7173

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 632 28.0664 89.7170

L2_2010 MC885 J2-527 17-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 630 29.0663 89.7159

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 846 27.6895 90.6456

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 847 27.6897 90.6449

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 848 27.6897 90.6450

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 845 27.6897 90.6452

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 845 27.6897 90.6452

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 845 27.6897 90.6452

L2_2010 GC246 J2-528 18-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 844 27.6893 90.6458

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Aplacophoran Plexaurid 537 27.5979 91.8253

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Hydroids Paramuriceid 545 27.5980 91.8247

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Zoanthids Paramuriceid 545 27.5980 91.8247

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Crinoid Plexaurid 537 27.5979 91.8253

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Aplacophoran Plexaurid 529 27.5982 91.8267

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Ophiuroid morph 5 Stichopathes 539 27.5979 91.8251

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 1 Lophelia 527 27.5982 91.8263

331
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 527 27.5982 91.8263

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 529 27.5984 91.8261

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 Lophelia 526 27.5979 91.8264

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 526 27.5979 91.8264

L2_2010 GC354 J2-529 19-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 528 27.5977 91.8269

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 361 27.6859 92.2285

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 ophiuroid morph 6 Antipatharian 361 27.6865 92.2300

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 361 27.6866 92.2287

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 342 27.6850 92.2205

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Chirostylid Leiopathes 361 27.6865 92.2301

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 19-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 358 27.6864 92.2302

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 19-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 358 27.6864 92.2302

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 361 27.6859 92.2285

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 361 27.6859 92.2285

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 19-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 361 27.6859 92.2285

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 359 27.6864 92.2300

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 361 27.6859 92.2285

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 20-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 340 27.6846 92.2209

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 19-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 359 27.6860 92.2289

L2_2010 GB299 J2-530 19-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 360 27.6861 92.2290

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Aplacophoran Muriceides? 538 27.4219 93.5951

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Yellow sponge Lophelia 542 27.4213 93.5960

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 542 27.4213 93.5960

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Yellow things Lophelia 542 27.4213 93.5960

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 517 27.4274 93.5849

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Anemone Lophelia 517 27.4274 93.5849

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Glass white sponge Lophelia 517 27.4274 93.5849

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Sabellid worm Lophelia 517 27.4274 93.5849

332
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Aplacophoran Muriceides? 527 27.4272 93.5856

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 527 27.4259 93.5904

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Muriceides? 527 27.4272 93.5856

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Polychaete morph 10 Lophelia 523 27.4260 93.5894

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Glass white sponge Lophelia 523 27.4260 93.5894

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 527 27.4259 93.5904

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 worm tubes Lophelia 542 27.4213 93.5960

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Aplacophoran Muriceides? 542 27.4213 93.5960

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Yellow sponge Lophelia 523 27.4260 93.5894

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 White sponge Lophelia 540 27.4214 93.5957

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 540 27.4214 93.5957

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 worm tubes Lophelia 540 27.4214 93.5957

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Polychaete morph 11 Lophelia 523 27.4260 93.5894

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 543 27.4214 93.5959

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Zoanthids Lophelia 538 27.4219 93.5951

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 538 27.4219 93.5951

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Polynoid Lophelia 538 27.4219 93.5951

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Sabellid worm Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 White sponge Lophelia 538 27.4219 93.5951

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Polychaete Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Polychaete morph 10 Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 GB535 J2-531 21-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 528 27.4259 93.5907

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Gorgonocephalus sp. Leiopathes 249 27.8096 91.5395

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 3 Leiopathes 249 27.8096 91.5395

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Ophiacanthid Callogorgia 289 27.8096 91.5394

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 stalked barnacles Leiopathes 250 27.8104 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Amphipod morph 4 Muriceides? 262 27.8111 91.5372

333
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Nicella white 262 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Anemone Nicella white 262 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 4 Antipatharian 262 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 266 27.8116 91.5376

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Ophiacanthid Callogorgia 266 27.8116 91.5376

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 294 27.8117 91.5366

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 279 27.8117 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 21-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Bamboo coral 321 27.8117 91.5360

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 21-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Bamboo coral 321 27.8117 91.5360

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 1 Leiopathes 252 27.8105 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 295 27.8117 91.5366

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 4 (large) Leiopathes 250 27.8104 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 260 27.8114 91.5376

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Callogorgia 260 27.8114 91.5376

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Zoanthids Leiopathes 250 27.8104 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 260 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Paramuriceid 260 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 4 Leiopathes 261 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Hydroids Leiopathes 261 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 stalked barnacles Leiopathes 261 27.8114 91.5375

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Ophiuroid morph 12 Antipatharian 255 27.8105 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 1 Antipatharian 255 27.8105 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 21-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 320 27.8117 91.5359

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 ophiuroid Antipatharian 251 27.8102 91.5371

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Gorgonocephalus sp. Leiopathes 250 27.8104 91.5370

L2_2010 GC140 J2-532 22-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 4 Antipatharian 251 27.8105 91.5370

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

334
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 778 27.7383 -90.5193

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 789 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 789 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Turrid gastropod Callogorgia 790 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7241 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 789 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 790 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 GC249 J2-533 23-Oct-10 Turrid gastropod Callogorgia 790 27.7240 -90.5142

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 25-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Paramuriceid 432 29.0689 -88.3820

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 401 29.0697 -88.3776

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 white sponge Lophelia 403 29.0687 -88.3775

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 403 29.0689 -88.3776

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 dead Lophelia 403 29.0687 -88.3775

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 403 29.0689 -88.3776

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 White sponge Lophelia 400 29.0689 -88.3777

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 dead Lophelia 410 29.0685 -88.3779

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 Leiopathes 410 29.0685 -88.3779

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 Lophelia 402 29.0689 -88.3776

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 402 29.0689 -88.3776

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 402 29.0689 -88.3776

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 stalked sponges Lophelia 393 29.0692 -88.3775

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 white sponge Lophelia 393 29.0692 -88.3775

335
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Sponge Lophelia 400 29.0690 -88.3770

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 stalked sponges Lophelia 400 29.0690 -88.3770

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 Lophelia 400 29.0690 -88.3770

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Muriceides? 398 29.0695 -88.3765

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Crinoid Lophelia 400 29.0690 -88.3770

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Shrimp morph 5 Lophelia 393 29.0693 -88.3772

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 stalked sponges Lophelia 410 29.0685 -88.3779

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 Lophelia 410 29.0685 -88.3779

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 25-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 400 29.0690 -88.3770

L2_2010 VK906 J2-534 24-Oct-10 Crinoid Lophelia 400 29.0690 -88.3770

L2_2010 VK862 J2-535 26-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 354 29.1091 -88.3874

L2_2010 VK862 J2-535 26-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 352 29.1090 -88.3873

L2_2010 VK862 J2-535 26-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 357 29.1091 -88.3876

L2_2010 VK862 J2-535 26-Oct-10 Anemone morph 4 Lophelia 394 29.0691 -88.3769

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Muriceides? 440 28.1935 -89.7987

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 441 28.1935 -89.7987

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 441 28.1936 -89.7987

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 441 28.1934 -89.7986

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 443 28.1934 -89.7986

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 442 28.1934 -89.7986

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paragorgia 440 28.1943 -89.7995

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 441 28.1934 -89.7984

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Unknown octocoral 440 28.1945 -89.7998

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 441 28.1945 -89.7998

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 441 28.1934 -89.7986

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Amphipods Lophelia 441 28.1934 -89.7984

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Hydroids Lophelia 441 28.1934 -89.7984

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 442 28.1934 -89.7987

336
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 441 28.1934 -89.7983

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 441 28.1934 -89.7983

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 441 28.1934 -89.7986

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 stalked sponges Lophelia 441 28.1934 -89.7984

L2_2010 Gulfoil J2-537 28-Oct-10

Anemone small pink 

morph

Lophelia 532 28.1612 -89.7523

L2_2010 MC751 J2-536 27-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 440 28.1944 -89.7998

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 885 28.8527 -88.4919

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Chirostylid Chrysogorgia 883 28.8526 -88.4927

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Aplacophoran Paramuriceid 884 28.8526 -88.4918

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 888 28.8559 -88.4936

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 884 28.8529 -88.4922

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Chirostylid Chrysogorgia 889 28.8560 -88.4936

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 petrified mussels Paramuriceid 885 28.8527 -88.4919

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 888 28.8559 -88.4935

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Paramuriceid 887 28.8557 -88.4936

L2_2010 MC118 J2-538 30-Oct-10 Anemone morph 3 Paramuriceid 889 28.8560 -88.4936

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2400 28.3105 -87.3074

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10 Anemone small pink Bamboo coral 2398 28.3104 -87.3072

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10 Barnacle morph 3 Paramuriceid 2377 28.3105 -87.3073

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2313 28.3109 -87.3065

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10 Barnacle Glyptelasma Corallium 2229 28.3120 -87.3032

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10 Hydroids Corallium 2229 28.3120 -87.3032

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2160 28.3127 -87.3005

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2207 28.3119 -87.3030

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2398 28.3107 -87.3077

337
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2203 28.3119 -87.3029

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 30-Oct-10 Polynoid Bathypathes? 2600 28.2990 -87.3169

L2_2010 DC673 J2-539 31-Oct-10

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 2372 28.3104 -87.3072

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 541 29.1546 -88.0226

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 541 29.1547 -88.0226

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 542 29.1546 -88.0225

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 540 29.1548 -88.0224

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 543 29.1546 -88.0226

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 543 29.1546 -88.0225

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 543 29.1546 -88.0226

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 541 29.1547 -88.0226

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Roshinia Sibopathes 451 29.1614 -88.0158

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 454 29.1621 -88.0153

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 shrimp post-larvae Lophelia 479 29.1588 -88.0104

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 Shrimp gravid Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 1-Nov-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 540 29.1548 -88.0224

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 1-Nov-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 540 29.1548 -88.0224

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 1-Nov-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 540 29.1548 -88.0224

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 1-Nov-10 Asteroschema sp. Callogorgia 540 29.1548 -88.0224

L2_2010 VK826 J2-540 31-Oct-10 sea slug Lophelia NA NA NA

L2_2010 MC338 J2-541 2-Nov-10 ophiuroid Paramuriceid 1370 28.6723 -88.4766

L2_2010 MC338 J2-541 3-Nov-10 Ophiuroid Paramuriceid 1373 28.6724 -88.4766

L2_2010 MC338 J2-541 3-Nov-10 Ophiuroid Paramuriceid 1373 28.6724 -88.4766

L2_2010 MC338 J2-541 3-Nov-10 Anemone morph 3 Paramuriceid 1373 28.6724 -88.4766

L2_2010 MC338 J2-541 3-Nov-10 Ophiuroid Paramuriceid 1371 28.6724 -88.4764

AT18-3 MC338 4661 8-Dec-06

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 1370

28 

40.328

88 28.593

338
Cruise Site Dive Date Tentative ID Host species

Depth 

(m)

Latitude Longitude

AT18-3 MC338 4661 8-Dec-06

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 1370

28 

40.328

88 28.593

AT18-3 MC388 4663 10-Dec-06

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 1847

28 

38.027

88 10.196

AT18-3 MC388 4663 10-Dec-06

Asteroschema 

clavigerum

Paramuriceid 1847

28 

38.027

88 10.196

L2_2009 VK826 467 4-Sep-05 Barnacle morph 5 Leiopathes 482 29.1572 -88.0146

L2_2009 VK826 467 4-Sep-05 Astrogomphus sp. Lophelia 504 29.1573 -88.0107

L2_2009 VK826 467 4-Sep-05 Gastropod morph 2 Lophelia 504 29.1573 -88.0107

L2_2009 VK826 467 4-Sep-05 Astrogomphus sp. White Gorgonian 538 29.1545 -88.0145

339
APPENDIX C-2. PHOTO MOSAICS 

 

340
Mosaic W - J2-532 – GC140 (10/22/10)

±

2

Meters

341
±

2

Meters

Mosaic R - J2-535 – VK862 (10/26/10)

342
Mosaic T - J2-535 – VK862 (10/26/10)

2

Meters

±

343
±

2

Meters

Mosaic B - J2-459 - GB299 (8/27/09)

344
± 2

Meters

Mosaic B - J2-530 - GB299 (10/20/10)

345
± 2

Meters

Mosaic B 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-459 - GB299 (8/27/09)

346
± 2

Meters

Mosaic D - J2-459 - GB299 (8/27/09)

347
± 2

Meters

Mosaic D - J2-530 - GB299 (10/20/10)

348
± 2

Meters

Mosaic D 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-459 - GB299 - (8/27/09)

349
±

Mosaic J - J2-465 – VK906 (9/2/09)

2

Meters

350
±

2

Meters

Mosaic J - J2-534 – VK906 (10/24/10)

351
Mosaic J 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-465 – VK906 - (9/2/09)

±

2

Meters

352
±

2

Meters

Mosaic L - J2-465 – VK906 (9/2/09)

353
±

2

Meters

Mosaic L - J2-534 – VK906 (10/24/10)

354
Mosaic L 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-465 – VK906 - (9/2/09)

±

2

Meters

355
Mosaic Y - J2-535 – VK906 (10/25/10)

±

2

Meters

356
2

Meters

±

Mosaic G - J2-464 - MC751 (9/1/09)

357
± 2

Meters

Mosaic G - J2-536 – MC751(10/27/10)

358
Mosaic G 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-464 - MC751 - (9/1/09)

±

2

Meters

359
±

2

Meters

Mosaic H1 - J2-464 - MC751 (9/1/09)

360
±

2

Meters

Mosaic H1 - J2-536 - MC751 (10/26/10)

361
± 2

Meters

Mosaic H1 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-464 - MC751 - (9/1/09)

362
± 2

Meters

Mosaic H2 - J2-464 - MC751 (9/1/09)

363
±

2

Meters

Mosaic H2 - J2-536 - MC751 (10/26/10)

364
Mosaic H2 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-464 - MC751 - (9/1/09)

±

2

Meters

365
2

Meters

±

Mosaic M - J2-466–VK826 (9/3/09)

366
±

2

Meters

Mosaic M - J2-526–VK826 (10/16/10)

367
Mosaic M 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-466 – VK826 - (9/3/09)

±

2

Meters

368
± 2

Meters

Mosaic N - J2-466 – VK826 (9/3/09)

369
±

2

Meters

Mosaic N - J2-526 – VK826 (10/16/10)

370
Mosaic N 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-466 – VK826 - (9/3/09)

±

2

Meters

371
Mosaic N - J2-466 – VK826 (9/3/09)

±

2

Meters

372
Mosaic O - J2-540 – VK826 (10/31/10)

±

2

Meters

373
Mosaic O 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-466 – VK826 - (9/4/09)

±

2

Meters

374
±

2

Meters

Mosaic Q - J2-467 – VK826 (9/4/09)

375
Mosaic Q - J2-540 – VK826 (11/1/10)

±

2

Meters

376
Mosaic Q 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-467 – VK826 - (9/4/09)

±

2

Meters

377
±

2

Meters

Mosaic C - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09)

378
±

2

Meters

Mosaic C - J2-531 - GB535 (10/20/10)

379
Mosaic C 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09)

±

2

Meters

380
± 2

Meters

Mosaic E - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09)

381
± 2

Meters

Mosaic E - J2-531 - GB535 (10/21/10)

382
±

2

Meters

Mosaic E 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09)

383
Mosaic V - J2-529 – GC354 (10/19/10)

±

2

Meters

384
Mosaic U - J2-527 – VK885 (10/16/10)

± 2

Meters

385
±

2

Meters

Mosaic A - J2-457 - AT047 (8/24/09)

386
Mosaic T1_T2 - J2-538 – MC118 (10/30/10)

±

2

Meters

387
Mosaic X - J2-538 – MC118 (10/30/10)

±

2

Meters

388
± 2

Meters

Mosaic AA - J2-541 – MC338 (11/3/10)

389
Mosaic 5 - J2-461 - GC852 (8/29/09)

± 2

Meters

390
APPENDIX C-3. DIGITIZED MOSAICS 

 

391
Mosaic W - J2-532 – GC140 (10/22/10)

±

2

Meters

392
±

2

Meters

Mosaic R - J2-535 – VK862 (10/26/10)

393
Mosaic T - J2-535 – VK862 (10/26/10)

2

Meters

±

394
±

2

Meters

Mosaic B - J2-459 - GB299 (8/27/09)

395
± 2

Meters

Mosaic B - J2-530 - GB299 (10/20/10)

396
± 2

Meters

Mosaic B 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-459 - GB299 (8/27/09)

397
± 2

Meters

Mosaic D - J2-459 - GB299 (8/27/09)

398
± 2

Meters

Mosaic D - J2-530 - GB299 (10/20/10)

399
± 2

Meters

Mosaic D 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-459 - GB299 - (8/27/09)

400
±

Mosaic J - J2-465 – VK906 (9/2/09)

2

Meters

401
±

2

Meters

Mosaic J - J2-534 – VK906 (10/24/10)

402
Mosaic J 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-465 – VK906 - (9/2/09)

±

2

Meters

403
±

2

Meters

Mosaic L - J2-465 – VK906 (9/2/09)

404
±

2

Meters

Mosaic L - J2-534 – VK906 (10/24/10)

405
Mosaic L 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-465 – VK906 - (9/2/09)

±

2

Meters

406
Mosaic Y - J2-535 – VK906 (10/25/10)

±

2

Meters

407
2

Meters

±

Mosaic G - J2-464 - MC751 (9/1/09)

408
± 2

Meters

Mosaic G - J2-536 – MC751(10/27/10)

409
Mosaic G 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-464 - MC751 - (9/1/09)

±

2

Meters

410
±

2

Meters

Mosaic H1 - J2-464 - MC751 (9/1/09)

411
±

2

Meters

Mosaic H1 - J2-536 - MC751 (10/26/10)

412
± 2

Meters

Mosaic H1 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-464 - MC751 - (9/1/09)

413
± 2

Meters

Mosaic H2 - J2-464 - MC751 (9/1/09)

414
±

2

Meters

Mosaic H2 - J2-536 - MC751 (10/26/10)

415
Mosaic H2 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-464 - MC751 - (9/1/09)

±

2

Meters

416
2

Meters

±

Mosaic M - J2-466–VK826 (9/3/09)

417
±

2

Meters

Mosaic M - J2-526–VK826 (10/16/10)

418
Mosaic M 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-466 – VK826 - (9/3/09)

±

2

Meters

419
± 2

Meters

Mosaic N - J2-466 – VK826 (9/3/09)

420
±

2

Meters

Mosaic N - J2-526 – VK826 (10/16/10)

421
Mosaic N 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-466 – VK826 - (9/3/09)

±

2

Meters

422
Mosaic N - J2-466 – VK826 (9/3/09)

±

2

Meters

423
Mosaic O - J2-540 – VK826 (10/31/10)

±

2

Meters

424
Mosaic O 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-466 – VK826 - (9/4/09)

±

2

Meters

425
±

2

Meters

Mosaic Q - J2-467 – VK826 (9/4/09)

426
Mosaic Q - J2-540 – VK826 (11/1/10)

±

2

Meters

427
Mosaic Q 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-467 – VK826 - (9/4/09)

±

2

Meters

428
±

2

Meters

Mosaic C - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09)

429
±

2

Meters

Mosaic C - J2-531 - GB535 (10/20/10)

430
Mosaic C 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09)

±

2

Meters

431
± 2

Meters

Mosaic E - J2-460 - GB535 (8/28/09)

432
± 2

Meters

Mosaic E - J2-531 - GB535 (10/21/10)

433
±

2

Meters

Mosaic E 2009 Georeferenced to 2010

J2-460 - GB535 - (8/28/09)

434
Mosaic V - J2-529 – GC354 (10/19/10)

±

2

Meters

435
Mosaic U - J2-527 – VK885 (10/16/10)

± 2

Meters

436
±

2

Meters

Mosaic A - J2-457 - AT047 (8/24/09)

437
Mosaic T1_T2 - J2-538 – MC118 (10/30/10)

±

2

Meters

438
Mosaic X - J2-538 – MC118 (10/30/10)

±

2

Meters

439
± 2

Meters

Mosaic AA - J2-541 – MC338 (11/3/10)

440
Mosaic 5 - J2-461 - GC852 (8/29/09)

± 2

Meters

441
APPENDIX C-4 LASTING IMPACT OF THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL 

SPILL TO A DEEP GULF OF MEXICO CORAL COMMUNITY 

 

442
Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a

deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico

Helen K. Whitea,1, Pen-Yuan Hsingb, Walter Choc, Timothy M. Shankc, Erik E. Cordesd, Andrea M. Quattrinid,

Robert K. Nelsone

, Richard Camillif, Amanda W. J. Demopoulosg, Christopher R. Germanh, James M. Brooksi,

Harry H. Robertsj

, William Sheddk, Christopher M. Reddye, and Charles R. Fisherb

a

Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041; bDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; c

Biology Department, eDepartment of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, fApplied Ocean Physics and Engineering, and hDepartment of Geology and

Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543; d

Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122; gSoutheast

Ecological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653; i

TDI-Brooks International Inc., College Station, TX 77845; jDepartment of Oceanography

and Coastal Sciences, Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; and k

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,

US Department of the Interior, New Orleans, LA 70115

Edited by Paul G. Falkowski, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, and approved February 28, 2012 (received for review November

1, 2011)

To assess the potential impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on

offshore ecosystems, 11 sites hosting deep-water coral communities

were examined 3 to 4 mo after the well was capped. Healthy coral

communities were observed at all sites >20 km from the Macondo

well, including seven sites previously visited in September 2009,

where the corals and communities appeared unchanged. However,

at one site 11 km southwest of the Macondo well, coral colonies

presented widespread signs of stress, including varying degrees of

tissue loss, sclerite enlargement, excess mucous production, bleached

commensal ophiuroids, and covering by brown flocculent material

(floc). On the basis of these criteria the level of impact to individual

colonies was ranked from 0 (least impact) to 4 (greatest impact). Of

the 43 corals imaged at that site, 46% exhibited evidence of impact

on more than half of the colony, whereas nearly a quarter of all of the

corals showed impact to >90% of the colony. Additionally, 53% of

these corals’ ophiuroid associates displayed abnormal color and/or

attachment posture. Analysis of hopanoid petroleum biomarkers isolated from the floc provides strong evidence that this material contained oil from the Macondo well. The presence of recently damaged

and deceased corals beneath the path of a previously documented

plume emanating from the Macondo well provides compelling evidence that the oil impacted deep-water ecosystems. Our findings

underscore the unprecedented nature of the spill in terms of its magnitude, release at depth, and impact to deep-water ecosystems.

hopane | sterane | Paramuricea | sediment

Between October 15 and November 1, 2010, approximately 6

months after the Deepwater Horizon blowout and 3 months

after the Macondo well was capped, nine sites hosting deep-water

coral communities were examined with the remotely operated

vehicle (ROV) Jason II. This effort was part of an ongoing study

funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)

and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s

Ocean Exploration and Research program. These sites, located

between 93.60 °W and 87.31 °W and between −27.42 °N and

−29.16 °N (Fig. S1), were >20 km from the Macondo well, ranged

in depth from 290 to 2600 m, and hosted coral communities including scleractinian, gorgonian, and antipatharian corals. At

these sites, no visible evidence of impact to the corals and associated communities was observed (Fig. 1). However, on November 2, 2010, the ROV Jason II investigated an area in lease blocks

Mississippi Canyon (MC) 294 and 338, 11 km to the SW of the

site of the Deepwater Horizon spill. This area was explored because 3D seismic reflectivity data (Fig. S1) suggested there was

a strong likelihood of hard grounds, and hence likely coral substrate present. Its location (28.40N, 88.29W, 1,370 m) also placed

it in the path of a 100-m-thick deep-water plume of neutrally

buoyant water enriched with petroleum hydrocarbons from the

Macondo well that was documented at 1,100 m in June 2010

(1, 2). Numerous coral colonies were discovered at this location

and many were partially or completely covered in a brown, flocculent material (hereafter referred to as floc). They showed signs

of recent and ongoing tissue damage (Fig. 2) not observed elsewhere at this time (Fig. 1) or in the previous 10 y of baseline

studies in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) (3–5). Between December 8

and 14, 2010 additional surveys were performed with the deep

submergence vehicle (DSV) Alvin at MC 294 and a newly discovered site 22 km to the ESE of the Macondo well in MC 388

(1,850 m depth). Visible signs of recent impact or stress were not

evident in the corals imaged at MC 388.

To determine whether the cause of the overall decrease in

coral health at MC 294 was related to the Deepwater Horizon oil

spill, the floc covering the corals and nearby sediment was examined for the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons originating

from the Macondo well. Determining the source of petroleum

hydrocarbons in these samples posed a significant challenge. The

complexity of the petrogeochemical signatures in the GoM environment is considerable (6). Specific crude oils can be differentiated from their source rock groups using biomarkers (molecular fossils), which are highly resistant to abiotic and biotic

processes and have been invaluable tools for characterizing and

fingerprinting crude oils (7). For example, sterane biomarkers are

derived primarily from marine phytoplankton and vary depending

on geologic age. Hopanes, which are another class of biomarkers,

can be used individually or in concert with sterane distributions to

provide even greater certainty in characterizing oils (7). The use

of biomarkers by the petroleum industry and subsequently in

environmental forensics has, however, been performed in much

different environments than the Deepwater Horizon spill, where

oil and gas at 105 °C were released at pressure into 5 °C seawater

at ∼1,400 m depth (2). We used traditional 1D gas chromatography (GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC, as in refs. 8, 9 and 10) to analyze floc and

sediment samples from MC 294. These samples were compared

Author contributions: H.K.W., T.M.S., E.E.C., A.W.J.D., C.R.G., and C.R.F. designed research;

H.K.W., P.-Y.H., W.C., T.M.S., E.E.C., A.M.Q., R.K.N., R.C., A.W.J.D., C.R.G., C.M.R., and C.R.F.

performed research; J.M.B., H.H.R., and W.S. contributed new reagents/analytic tools;

H.K.W., P.-Y.H., W.C., T.M.S., E.E.C., A.M.Q., R.K.N., C.M.R., and C.R.F. analyzed data; and

H.K.W. and C.R.F. wrote the paper.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

Data deposition: The octocoral and ophiuroid sequences reported in this paper have been

deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. JQ241244–52, JQ411462–9 and

JQ771615–JQ771617) and all images have been submitted to the US National Oceanographic Data Center (accession no. 0084636).

1

To whom correspondene should be addressed. E-mail: hwhite@alum.mit.edu.

This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.

1073/pnas.1118029109/-/DCSupplemental.

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1118029109 PNAS | December 11, 2012 | vol. 109 | no. 50 | 20303–20308

ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCES

SPECIAL FEATURE

443
with oil collected from directly above the broken riser pipe at the

Macondo well (2) and field samples from surface water and salt

marshes in areas oiled by the Deepwater Horizon spill.

Here we report on the analyses of the visible impact to the

gorgonian corals and coral associates at MC 294 based on in situ

video imagery, shipboard microscopic analyses, and petroleum

biomarker analysis of the floc adherent to the coral. In addition,

we compare the petroleum hydrocarbon content and biomarkers

with the surrounding surface and subsurface sediments and

compare the condition of the corals and associates between

November and December 2010 visits.

Results and Discussion

Gorgonian and other corals present at MC 294 are predominantly found in a central area 10 × 12 m in extent, composed

of two adjacent carbonate slabs. Scattered boulders surround this

region over an area of 50 × 50 m, and some of the isolated

boulders host one or two additional coral colonies. The majority

of the colonial corals were Paramuricea biscaya, with one or two

colonies of Swiftia pallida, Paragorgia regalis, Acanthogorgia

aspera, and Clavularia rudis (Fig. S2). The majority of these colonies exhibited signs of stress response, including excessive mucous production and retracted polyps, which have been observed

in corals experimentally exposed to crude oil (11). Impact to the

corals was quantified from close-up images (<1 m away) for 43 of

the 58 coral colonies identified in the central area (Fig. S3) (not

all of the corals could be approached for close-up imaging with

ROV Jason II or DSV Alvin without disturbing other colonies).

The level of impact to individual colonies was ranked from

0 (least impact) to 4 (greatest impact) according to the percentage of the colony exhibiting one or more of the following visual

indications of stress: bare skeleton above the basal region, loose

tissue or heavy mucous hanging from the skeleton, and/or coverage with brown flocculent material (Fig. 3). Eighty-six percent

of the coral colonies imaged in the central area exhibited signs of

impact. Forty-six percent exhibited impact to at least 50% of the

colony (impact level 3 or 4), and 23% of the colonies sustained

impact to more than 90% of the colony (impact level 4).

Between the November and December 2010 research cruises,

changes in condition were assessed for all corals or portions of

colonies for which high-resolution imagery was available from

similar perspectives. Although differences in camera placement

0 50 100 Kilometers

A

B

C

E

D

Fig. 1. Healthy deep-water coral communities observed in November 2010 from various sites >20 km from the Macondo well (shown as a star on map). (A)

Paramuricea sp. type E and Asteroschema sp. at 360 m depth in Garden Banks (GB) 299; (B) Paramuricea sp. type E and Asteroschema sp. at 440 m depth in

Mississippi Canyon (MC) 751; (C) Paramuricea sp. type A and Eumunida picta at 530 m depth in Green Canyon (GC) 354; (D) Paramuricea sp. type E and

Asteroschema sp., along with a brisingid basket star at 360 m depth in Viosca Knoll (VK) 906; (E) P. biscaya and A. clavigerum at 2,300 m depth in Desoto

Canyon (DC) 673. Phylogenetic species identifications of corals and associated ophiuroids are given in Fig. S2.

November 

2010 

December 

2010 

Fig. 2. Impacted corals at MC 294. Brown flocculent material and tissue loss

is observed on the larger coral, A10, in November and December 2010. Although there is no evidence of recovery on A10, note that the tips of some

branches that were living in November were still living in December

(arrows). Coral A14 in the red box was the only colony showing apparent

signs of recovery from coverage by the floc between visits.

20304 | www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1118029109 White et al.

444
on the two underwater vehicles, lighting, and quality of images

limited the size of this data set to 18 colonies, neither progression

of the visible damage nor clear evidence of recovery or growth

was apparent in the majority of corals. Possible recovery was

noted for one colony (A14, highlighted by box in Fig. 2). The

relatively light covering of floc over more than 50% (impact

level 3) of this colony in November was ranked as less than 10%

impacted (impact level 1) by the time it was revisited in December, when extended polyps were visible in areas that had been

partially covered with floc in November.

Sampling of a P. biscaya coral (E3) in December enabled microscopic analysis to be made after removal of the floc. Varying

degrees of tissue loss and sclerite enlargement were observed

(Fig. S4). The skeleton was bare and entirely devoid of tissue at

the base and along the main axis of the colony. At increasing

distances from the basal point of attachment, less extensive tissue

loss resulted in the exposure of the calcite skeletal elements that

are normally embedded in the tissue layers and coenenchyme.

These sclerites were still in their normal form of a polyp but

appeared enlarged. The localized alteration of growth form, including excessive secretion of gorgonin and sclerite production to

form granuloma-like structures, has previously been observed in

gorgonians as an acute stress response (12, 13). Near the tips of

some branches, which were not covered by the floc in situ, a few

polyps on this coral appeared normal.

Coral associates at MC 294 included 13 actinarian anemones

and 78 Asteroschema clavigerum (a symbiotic ophiuroid). Of the 52

individual corals examined for coral associates, 25% hosted none,

2% hosted actinarian anemones, and 73% hosted A. clavigerum,

with 70% of the ophiuroids present on P. biscaya, 18% on the

single individual of P. regalis, and 12% on A. aspera. A. clavigerum

is typically tan to red in color (Fig. 1); however, at this site only

47% were tan to red, whereas 44% had distinctly white arms (Fig.

2), and 9% (all hosted by P. biscaya), were bleached almost entirely

white. In November, 27% of the ophiuroids displayed behaviors

other than their normal attached posture of arms tightly coiled

around their coral host (Fig. 1). Between visits, 13% of the

ophiuroids transitioned from tightly to loosely coiled (i.e., Fig. 2).

Two ophiuroids (Fig. S5) transitioned from tightly coiled to a

posture with splayed out arms, a previously undocumented behavior in this species.

The floc samples collected (>72 μm in size) were removed

from the surface of the corals in situ and when filtered were

found to contain dead coral polyp fragments, detached sclerites,

and small brown droplets (Fig. S6). Solvent extracts of all of the

floc examined were dominated by C16 and C18 saturated and

unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are dominant

lipids in biological tissue. Petroleum residues were also present

and quantified via 1D gas chromatography coupled to a flame

ionization detector (GC-FID; Table 1). An unresolved complex

mixture (UCM) with n-alkane carbon range of C15–C42 indicates

the presence of weathered petroleum (e.g., ref. 8; Table 1). Slight

variations in UCM carbon range and distributions of n-alkanes

among samples showed no consistent relationship to the pure

Macondo Well oil (described in ref. 2; Table 1). Rather, it is

evident that the n-alkanes in the samples represent input from

a mixture of sources such as plants, biofilms, and differentially

weathered subsurface hydrocarbons, including some that may

have come from natural seeps. Acoustic mapping cruises performed from late May to August 2010 mapped several natural

gas seeps in near proximity to both the Macondo well and the

sample sites presented here, which could provide additional

sources of subsurface hydrocarbons (14).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distributions from

coral E3 and sediment sample 4664 0–2 cm show good correspondence to Macondo well oil, with similar relative abundances

of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and their alkylated derivatives as

well as dibenzothiophenes, benzo[a]anthracene, and chrysene.

The remaining coral samples are inconclusive owing to the small

quantity of sample available for analysis, as well as the fact that

these samples have been extensively weathered, as evidenced by

the dominance of biodegradation-resistant chrysene in all extracts.

Petroleum systems in the GoM do not display significant differences in the presence or absence of specific biomarkers; instead,

differences in the relative amounts of biomarkers present have

previously allowed sources to be determined (15, 16). Analysis of

biomarkers such as hopanes is critical because these compounds

are more resistant to biodegradation and water washing than

n-alkanes and PAHs and provide insight into petroleum source

determination (as in ref. 17). At the Macondo well, oil sampled

from above the broken riser pipe (2) contains abundant hopanoids, diasteranes, and steranes (Fig. S7). Hopanoid biomarker

ratios have been calculated for comparison with coral and sediment samples, as well a reference surface water (S1) and two

reference coastal water (M1 and M2) samples (shown in Fig. 1 and

described in ref. 18). These reference samples represent Macondo

well oil that has undergone vertical transport from the seabed to

the ocean surface (∼1,400 m) and subsequent lateral dispersion

over ranges of 1–175 km, respectively (Table 1).

Comparison of the hopanoid portion of the GC×GC chromatographic plane for the Macondo well oil to the S1 and M1

samples indicates a high degree of similarity (Fig. S8 A–C). This

similarity is also seen in the floc from coral B8 (Fig. S8D) and in

the surface sediment sample taken in the immediate vicinity of

the corals (core 4664 0–2 cm; Fig. S8E). Slight but significant

differences in hopanoid biomarker ratios are observed, by contrast, both in comparable core-top sediments collected away

from the impacted corals at the MC 294 site (core 4662 0–2 cm;

Table 1 and Fig. S8F) and at greater depths (2–5 cm and 5–10

cm; Table 1) in the core 4664 sediments. Further, the concentrations of oil present in the uppermost sediments of core 4664

(0–2 cm) are much higher (9.25 mg/g; Table 1) than the deeper

sediments (2–5 cm and 5–10 cm) in the same core, which range

in concentration from 0.02 to 0.03 mg/g (Table 1). They are also

higher than the oil concentrations observed in surface sediments

(0–2 cm) collected away from the impacted corals at the MC 294

site (3.46 mg/g; Table 1), where a bimodal n-alkane distribution

indicative of inputs from mixed sources is observed. Significant

variations in sediment oil concentrations have been previously

documented in the GoM, particularly in areas of known natural

oil seepage such as Green Canyon, where oil concentrations may

be as high as 39.0 mg/g (19). The oil concentration and biomarker data from sediments collected away from the impacted

corals and sediments at depth at MC294, are, however most

consistent with long-term background inputs of oil derived from

petroleum sources that are quite distinct to that present in the

most superficial (hence, recent) core-top sediments and floc

14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4

Impact ranking

Number of corals

14%

9%

23%

30%

23%

Fig. 3. Impact assessment for coral colonies (n = 43) where high-quality

images could be obtained from at least the November or December 2010

cruise. The levels of impact are ranked according to the proportion of a coral

exhibiting obvious tissue damage, bare skeleton above basal region, or

covered by brown flocculation: rank 0 (0–1%), rank 1 (<10%), rank 2 (10–

50%), rank 3 (50–90%), rank 4 (>90%). Numbers above bars are percentages

of corals in a rating relative to all assessed colonies.

White et al. PNAS | December 11, 2012 | vol. 109 | no. 50 | 20305

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samples collected from site MC 294. Similarly, a comparison of

the sterane portion of the GC×GC chromatographic plane for

the Macondo well oil and floc from the coral samples also shows

significant differences, particularly in the relative distributions of

DiaC29βα-20S, C27αββ-20R, and C27αββ-20S in steranes (e.g., B8,

Fig. S9B). Although preferential loss of steranes and diasteranes

relative to hopanoids would not be expected from traditional

biodegradation sequences, this trend has been observed previously for oil that undergoes severe weathering in energetic and

aerobic conditions (20). This could result from either biodegradation or chemical and physical processes arising from the precipitation of the wax component of oil at the low temperatures

present in the deep GoM (21, 22). Wax formation may have

resulted from turbulent mixing of the well’s hot source-jet fluids

with the surrounding cold seawater, fractionating constituent

hydrocarbons according to their molecular characteristics (1, 2).

Nevertheless, the data from the hopanoids, which have a greater

fidelity, confirm the presence of Macondo well oil in the floc and

surrounding surface sediment samples. The constant, albeit relatively low level, input of hydrocarbons from natural seepage in

the GoM may also complicate these biomarker ratios (14).

Conclusions

Observations of recently damaged corals and the presence of

Macondo well oil on corals indicates impact at a depth of 1,370

m, 11 km from the site of the blowout. This finding provides

insight into the extent of the impact of the spill, which is significantly complicated by physical mixing processes (23) and fractionation of the oil constituents (24). Because deep-water corals

are sessile and release mucous that may trap material from the

water column, these corals may provide a more sensitive indicator

of the impact from petroleum hydrocarbons than marine sediment cores and may record impacts from water masses passing

through a community, even if no deposition to the sediment

occurs. Deep-water colonial corals exhibit extreme longevity as

sessile adults (hundreds to thousands of years; 25–27) and typically inhabit areas exposed to a moderate current regime (28).

The presence of a deep-water coral community dominated by

recently impacted, visibly unhealthy, and recently dead individuals (as evidenced by skeletons free of encrusting organisms),

together with ophiuroid symbionts with unhealthy color and

atypical posture, provides evidence of a recent waterborne impact. Although the spatial and temporal proximity of this impact

to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill might be coincidental, the

normal longevity of deep-water corals and the lack of visual evidence of impact to deep-water corals elsewhere in the GoM

suggest that this may not be the case. Importantly, even though

there are multiple inputs of oil to the GoM, the use of hopanoid

biomarker compositions and ratios in the floc collected from the

surface of corals allows us to establish a connection to the oil spill

even though other biomarkers for characterizing oil in these

environments (e.g., PAHs and sterane biomarker ratios) are affected by severe weathering (20) and, hence, are not robust under

the conditions of this spill.

The data suggest the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted

a community of deep-water corals near the Macondo well. The

numerous apparently healthy deep-water coral communities in

other parts of the GoM may indicate that the localized impact in

MC 294 found to date, is not part of a much larger, acute, GoMwide event. However, life in deep-water coral ecosystems is

known to operate at a slow pace. Consequently it is too early to

fully evaluate the footprint and long-term effects of acute and

subacute exposure to potential waterborne contaminants resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Materials and Methods

Discovery. Areas for exploration were chosen according to examination of 3D

seismic data in the BOEM database. Areas of high reflectivity and bathymetric

relief were targeted for visual examination, and during the ROV dive,

onboard sonar was used to find exposed carbonates that might host corals.

Image Analyses. A down-looking mosaic (as in ref. 29) was constructed from

379 partially overlapping images, taken 3 m above the seafloor using

Table 1. Oil content, alkane distribution, and hopanoid biomarker ratios of brown flocculent material and sediment samples compared

with Macondo Well oil

Sample

Oil content*

(mg/g extract)

Oil content*

(mg/g dry weight

sediment)

UCM n-alkane

carbon range

C17-n-alkane/

pristane

C18-n-alkane/

phytane

Carbon Preference

Index (CPI)† Ts/(Ts+Tm) C29-Ts/NH

Source oil

Macondo well‡ NA§ NA NA 1.71 2.33 0.86 0.59 0.49

Surface water samples{

1 km from well (S1) NA NA C12–C40 2.21 2.66 0.81 0.59 0.50

175 km from well (M1) NA NA C16–C40 1.89 2.72 0.83 0.59 0.50

175 km from well (M2) NA NA C16–C40 1.89 2.72 0.83 0.58 0.51

Flocculent material samples

MC 294 coral (B8) 310 NDjj C15–C40 2.42 2.69 1.15 0.60 0.43

MC 294 coral (F6) 8.0 ND C17–C34 2.41 2.21 1.09 0.58 0.48

MC 294 coral (A5) 74 ND C16–C41 2.43 1.87 0.38 0.59 0.45

MC 294 coral (E3) 73 ND C15–C42 1.34 2.28 1.22 0.58 0.48

Sediment samples

MC 294 4662 0–2 cm 630 3.46 C15–C37 0.42 0.47 1.12 0.57 0.46

MC 294 4664 0–2 cm 570 9.25 C17–C42 0.44 0.29 0.99 0.59 0.50

MC 294 4664 2–5 cm 68 0.03 C16–C42 0.56 0.81 1.31 0.52 0.38

MC 294 4664 5–10 cm 120 0.02 C11–C42 0.80 1.21 1.37 0.54 0.42

Abbreviations for biomarkers: C29-Ts, 18α(H),21β(H)-30-norneohopane; NH, 17α(H),21β(H)-30-norhopane; Tm, 17α(H)-22,29,30-trinorhopane; Ts, 18α(H)-

22,29,30-trinorneohopane.

*Oil content was calculated by integration of the UCM observed via GC-FID.

†

CPI = Σ(odd numbered alkane abundances from n-C23 to n-C35)/Σ(even numbered alkane abundances from n-C22 to n-C34). ‡

Described in ref. 2.

§

Not applicable to sample as pure oil was collected.

{

Described in ref. 18.

jjNot determined due to collection protocol of flocculent onto filters, which did not allow for dry weights of the flocculent material to be taken post collection

and before extraction.

20306 | www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1118029109 White et al.

446
a Nikon E995 camera in pressure housing mounted on the ROV Jason II.

Individual coral colonies were labeled (Fig. S3). Close-up images of individual

corals from a side-looking perspective were obtained from frame grabs using a dedicated NDSF/AIVL Adimec 2000 HDTV digital video camera mounted on the ROV Jason II vehicle frame and the starboard manipulator of DSV

Alvin. Close-up imagery was used for assessment of impact to all corals that

could be approached by ROV Jason II or DSV Alvin without damaging other

corals. Bare skeleton above the coral’s basal region, obviously damaged

tissue (strands of mucous or loose tissue hanging from the skeleton), and

areas covered by floc were scored as impacted. Levels of impact were

broadly binned into five categories according to the percentage of the imaged portion of the colony showing impact: rank 0, 0–1% of the colony

impacted; rank 1, 1–10% of the colony impacted; rank 2, 10–50% of the

colony impacted; rank 3, 50–90% of the colony impacted; or rank 4, >90% of

the colony impacted. In three cases in which the ranking category changed

between the November and December visits, reexamination of images and

the original video did not substantiate significant changes in the corals, and

the higher-quality images obtained from DSV Alvin in December were used

for the overall rankings (Fig. 3). All images can be accessed through the US

National Oceanographic Data Center (accession no. 0084636).

Coral and Invertebrate Associate Collection. Corals and their associate

ophiuroids were collected by the ROV Jason II and DSV Alvin in October and

December 2010, respectively. The manipulator claws were modified with

a cutting blade to aid in the collection of host corals and attached ophiuroid

associates. Individuals were collected into temperature-insulated bioboxes

on the sea floor and processed immediately after recovery of the vehicles.

Approximately 2 to 3 cm of a coral branch or arms of individual ophiuroids

were subsampled and frozen at −80 °C or in 70% ethanol for shore-based

morphological and genetic analyses. Voucher specimens were either preserved in 95% ethanol or dried.

Microscopic Examination. Tissue necrosis and the presence of bare skeleton

were documented on a Leica S6D microscope with an attached Nikon

D300 camera.

Octocoral Identification. Octocorals were identified to the lowest possible

taxon using molecular barcodes and morphological characters (following

refs. 30–32). DNA was extracted from frozen or preserved (95% ethanol)

specimens using the Qiagen DNeasy kit. The 5′ end of the mitochondrial msh

gene and the COI+igr region were PCR amplified (33). Sequences were

edited, combined with related sequences from GenBank, and aligned by

ClustalW, resulting in a 1,430-bp region. Bayesian phylogenetic inference

was conducted using the GTR+G+I model (MrBayes v3; number of generations = 2,000,000; sample frequency = 100; burnin = 5,000). Because the

COI+igr region has not been previously amplified for many octocorals, these

regions were coded as missing data for the appropriate GenBank specimens.

Ophiuroid Identification. Ophiuroids were identified to the lowest possible

taxon using morphological and genetic data. Morphological examination of

type and voucher specimens was conducted at the Smithsonian Institution

(Washington, DC), and DNA from voucher specimens was obtained for

genetic comparison. DNA was extracted from frozen or preserved (95%

ethanol) ophiuroids living on MC 294 corals using the Qiagen DNeasy kit.

A fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (16S) gene was amplified with

the universal primers 16SarL and 16SbrH, sequenced, and aligned using

SEQUENCHER 4.8 (Gene Codes Corporation) and previously described

methods (34). Phylogenetic inference (and subsequent species identification)

was conducted using parsimony (PAUP* 4.0b10), neighboring-joining distance-based and Bayesian approaches associated with Geneious (version 5).

Sediment and Floc Collection. Floc was collected at depth through 1.5-m-long

precleaned tubing into a 4-L carboy, where it was collected onto two 15-cm

diameter precombusted glass fiber filters (GF/C, >1 μm) mounted between

two layers of Nytex (63 μm). The majority of the floc did not sorb to the filters

and remained suspended in the seawater collected in the carboy. Once

onboard ship, this material was immediately filtered onto 47-mm-diameter

precombusted GF/F filters (0.7 μm), which were then placed in combusted foil

and frozen at –20 °C before further analysis. Push cores (6.35 cm diameter)

were used to collect sediment samples. Immediately after reaching the ship’s

deck, the cores were sectioned as 0–2 cm, 2–5 cm, and 5–10 cm intervals into

combusted glass jars and then frozen at −20 °C until analysis. Macondo well

reference oil was collected directly above the well on June 21, 2010 (as in ref.

2). This sample is the reference Macondo well oil with which samples are

compared throughout the study. Other samples (described in ref. 18) were

also obtained on May 31, 2010 from a saltmarsh ≈175 km from the spill near

Cocodrie Louisiana (29.29 °N; −90.49 °W) as a 2-cm-diameter droplet of surface oil (M1) and from a scraping of Spartina alterniflora saltmarsh grass

taken within meters of the droplet (M2). Another sample (S1) was collected

on June 20, 2010 with the R/V Endeavor from a 1-cm-thick layer of oil floating

on the surface water at 28.74 °N, 88.38 °W (18). All samples were placed in

combusted glass jars and frozen until further analysis.

Oil Analysis. Samples were solvent extracted and purified with fully activated

silica gel. Extracts were analyzed for hydrocarbons via GC-FID, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and comprehensive GC×GC. For

quantification and identification, GC×GC was coupled to an FID (GC×GCFID), and identities of biomarkers were confirmed by coupling with MS

(GC×GC-MS). SI Materials and Methods provides a complete discussion of

these analyses.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank the crew and captains of the R/V Atlantis

and R/V Ron Brown; the pilots and crew of DSV Alvin and ROV Jason II; and

J. Abbassi, C. Carmichael, O. Chegwidden, D. Cowart, C. Doughty, T. Enderlein, P. Etnoyer, J. Frometa, K. Halanych, K. Reuter, M. Rittinghouse, A. Sen,

C. Sheline, K. Stamler and J. Thoma for their contributions to this work.

This work was supported by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Contract

1435-01-05-CT-39187 (to TDI-Brooks), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration Office of Ocean Exploration, the Census of Marine Life (ChEss

Project), USGS-Terrestrial, Water, and Marine Environments Program through

the BOEM/Outer Continental Shelf, Northeast Gulf of Mexico Deep Offshore

Reef Ecology, Lophelia II Study and National Science Foundation RAPID

Grants OCE-1045131 (to H.K.W.), OCE-1045083 and OCE-1064041 (to C.R.F.),

OCE-1043976 (to C.M.R.), OCE-1045025 (to R.C.), OCE-1045329 (to T.M.S.),

OCE-1044289 (to C.R.G.), and OCE-1045079 (to E.E.C.).

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Supporting Information

White et al. 10.1073/pnas.1118029109

SI Materials and Methods

Hydrocarbon Extraction and Purification. One GF/F filter containing

the flocculent material was taken from each coral sample and

extracted using a Microwave Accelerated Reaction System at

100 °C and 800 W for 30 min with 20 mL of methanol:dichloromethane (DCM:MeOH, 9:1). Extracts were reduced in volume,

and 50% of the extract was archived. The remaining 50% was

solvent exchanged into hexane and charged onto a glass column (8

cm × 0.6 cm) packed with fully activated silica gel (100–200 mesh).

The column was eluted with 4 mL of 5% DCM in hexane (F1), 1:1

DCM hexane (F2), 1% formic acid in DCM (F3), and 1% formic

acid in MeOH (F4). The F1 fraction was analyzed for hydrocarbons via gas chromatography (GC). The combined F1 and F2

fraction was analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via gas

chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

One-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Extracts were analyzed on

a 1D Agilent 7890 series gas chromatograph interfaced to a flame

ionization detector (FID). Compounds were separated on a J&W

DB-XLB capillary column (30 m, 0.25 mm internal diameter

(I.D.), 0.25-μm film) with helium carrier gas at a constant flow of

1 mL min−1

. The GC oven had an initial temperature of 40 °C

(1 min hold) and was ramped at 5 °C min−1 until 320 °C (15 min

hold). Contributions of an unresolved complex mixture (UCM)

to the extracts were quantified by integrating the total FID area

of the UCM and using response factors determined from Exxon

Valdez oil standards. Quantities of n-alkanes were calculated

using response factors determined from pure standards.

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. The samples were analyzed on an Agilent 7890 series gas chromatograph with an

Agilent 5975 mass selective detector (MSD). The MSD was

operated in the selected-ion monitoring mode for quantitation of

target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs). Compounds

were separated on a J&W DB-XLB capillary column (60 m, 0.25

mm I.D., 0.25-μm film) with helium carrier gas at a constant flow

of 1 mL min−1

. The GC oven had an initial temperature of 50 °C

(1 min hold) and was ramped at 10 °C min−1 until 320 °C (37 min

hold). Parent PAHs and alkylated PAHs were identified using

standard solutions prepared from the National Institute of

Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 2260

“Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Toluene.”

Comprehensive 2D Gas Chromatography (GC×GC). GC×GC-MS and

GC×GC-FID conditions were similar to methods previously described (1). GC×GC-FID was primarily used for both identification and quantification. Briefly, first-dimension separations were

performed on a nonpolar column (Restek Rtx-1, 60 m length, 0.25

mm I.D., 0.25-μm film thickness) that was programmed to remain

isothermal at 100 °C for 0.5 min and then ramped from 110 to

155 °C at 10 °C min−1

, then 155 to 305 °C at a ramp rate of 0.66 °C

min−1

, resulting in a boiling point separation. Compounds eluting

from the first-dimension column were cryogenically trapped,

concentrated, focused, and reinjected (modulated) onto a seconddimension column. The second-dimension separations were performed on a 50% phenyl polysilphenylene-siloxane column (SGE

BPX50, 1.50 m length, 0.10 mm I.D., 0.1-μm film thickness),

programmed to remain isothermal at 105 °C for 0.5 min, and then

ramped from 105 to 160 °C at 10.0 °C min−1

, then 160 to 310 °C at

a ramp rate of 0.66 °C min−1

, to yield a polarity-base separation.

The carrier gas was hydrogen at a constant flow rate of 1.00 mL

min−1

. The FID detector signal was sampled at 100 data points s−1.

GC×GC–TOF-MS was used to confirm identities. The GC×GC–

TOF-MS GC×GC-FID with the following exceptions: the main

GC oven on the Pegasus GC×GC-TOF system is a 6890N, the

carrier gas used was helium instead of hydrogen, the first-dimension column on the GC×GC-TOF system was a Restek Rtx-1,

(30 m length, 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25-μm film thickness), and the

second-dimension column was a SGE BPX50 (1.25 m length, 0.10

mm I.D., 0.1-μm film thickness). The TOF-MS detector signal was

sampled at a data rate of 50 spectra per second. The transfer line

from the second oven to the TOF-MS was deactivated fused silica

(0.5 m length, 0.18 mm I.D.), which was held at a constant temperature of 275 °C. The TOF source temperature was 225 °C, the

detector voltage was 1,575 V, the mass scan range was 50–650

amu, and the mass defect was manually set at 100.8 mu/100u

(optimized for C27 steranes). The mass spectrometer employs 70

eV electron ionization and operates at a push pulse rate of 5 kHz,

allowing sufficient signal averaging time to ensure good signal-tonoise ratios, while still operating at a high enough data acquisition

rate to accurately process (signal average) spectra from peaks that

elute from the second dimension column in this high-resolution

separation technique.

1. Nelson RK, et al. (2006) Tracking the weathering of an oil spill with comprehensive

two-dimensional gas chromatography. Environ Forensics 7:33–44.

White et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1118029109 1 of 7

449
1500 

1550 

1600 

1600 

1650 

1550 

1700 

Macondo Well 

MC 294 Study Area 

Fig. S1. Acoustic amplitude map from 3D seismic data with bathymetry overlay. The acoustic signal for conventional 3D seismic data used in this study is

generated by 100-Hz airguns. The acoustic amplitude response of the reflected sound is controlled by the hardness and thickness of the seafloor and subsurface stratigraphic layers. Authigenic carbonate hardgrounds formed at hydrocarbon seep sites cause high positive amplitude response (red, green, and

yellow), soft bottom muds have a background response of blue and white, and very soft, gaseous muds at high flux vent sites appear white. Data courtesy of

TGS-NOPEC. The Macondo well is shown as a star on map, and MC 294 is indicated as a filled circle.

White et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1118029109 2 of 7

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Fig. S2. (A) Bayesian inference of octocoral species that occur at MC294 and control sites (in bold) along with similar haplotypes downloaded from GenBank

(indicated by accession number). Additional Paramuricea haplotypes (A–E) collected from Gulf of Mexico control sites were also included in analyses. Bayesian

posterior probabilities denoted by an asterisk (*) are >95% at each node. Sequences for the msh gene are deposited in GenBank under JQ241244 through

JQ241252 and the COI+igr region under JQ411462 through JQ411469). (B) Neighbor-joining tree of deep-water ophiuroid species in the Gulf of Mexico (in

bold), along with other closely related species downloaded from GenBank (indicated by accession number) on the basis of a portion of the 16S mitochondrial

gene. Asteroschema clavigerum was the identified ophiuroid epibiont on Paramuricea at MC294 and DC673. Bootstrap support from 500 replicates of >95%

are denoted by an asterisk (*). Ophiuroid sequences are deposited in GenBank under JQ771615 through JQ771617. Both trees were rooted at the midpoint.

White et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1118029109 3 of 7

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Fig. S3. Down-looking mosaic of central area of MC 294 coral site. Fifty-eight individual coral colonies on two carbonate slabs were identified and labeled

(indicated by both red and yellow circles). Corals that were partially sampled for analyses in this study are shown in yellow and those that were not sampled are

shown in red.

A B

C

1 mm

1 mm

1 mm

Fig. S4. Microscopic images of Paramuricea biscaya (coral E3) collected on Alvin dive 4,662 from MC294. (A) Proximal bare gorgonin and calcite skeleton of the

colony with two polyps attached in different states of decay. Denuded polyp consisting primarily of calcite spicules on the left, and a mostly intact polyp on the

right. (B) Distal end of one of the branches with spicules in the form of a polyp and a relatively healthy polyp still covered in some of the sampled flocculent

material. (C) Small branch with three polyps in varying states of decay, from the proximal polyp mostly covered in tissue with enlarged sclerites, to a polyp with

a few enlarged sclerites in the middle, and a relatively healthy polyp showing some evidence of enlarged sclerites protruding from the tissue at the distal tip of

the branch.

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A

B

Fig. S5. Ophiuroids (Astersochema clavigerum) living in association with the octocoral Paramuricea biscaya at MC294 in November 2010 (A) and December

2011 (B). Ophiuroids (e.g., white arrow) were notably lighter in color than previous in situ documentation and apparently transitioned from an attachment of

“tightly-coiled” arms to “splayed-out” arms, which is a previously undocumented behavior in this ophiuroid species. Anemones observed at the nodes of

internal branches appeared unchanged over this time. Field of view across the bottom of A and B is approximately 0.9 m and 1.2 m, respectively.

Fig. S6. Photographs of the brown flocculent material collected from (A) coral F6; (B) coral E3; (C) coral B8; and (D) coral A5.

White et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1118029109 5 of 7

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Fig. S7. A portion of GC×GC chromatographic plane (3D surface rendering or mountain plot) for the Macondo well crude oil (MW-1). The x and y axis

represent the first and second dimension retention time, and the z axis represents detector signal intensity. Labeled compounds are as follows: 1, 13β(H),17α

(H)-20S-diacholestane (DiaC27βα-20S); 2, 13β(H),17α(H)-20R-diacholestane (DiaC27βα-20R); 3, 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane (C27αββ-20R); 4, 24-ethyl-13β

(H),17α(H)-20S-diacholestane (DiaC29βα-20S); 5, 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane (C27αββ-20S); 6, 24-methyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane (C28αββ-20R);

7, 24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20R-cholestane (C29αββ-20R); 8, 24-ethyl-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-20S-cholestane (C29αββ-20S); 9, 18α(H)-22,29,30-trinorneohopane

(Ts); 10, 17α(H)-22,29,30-trinorhopane (Tm); 11, 17α(H),21β(H)-30-norhopane (NH); 12, 17α(H),21β(H)-diahopane (C30-Dia); 13, 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane (H); 14, 17α

(H),21β(H)-22S-homohopane (HH(S)); 15, 17α(H),21β(H)-22S-bishomohopane (2HH(S)).

A B C 

D E F 

Fig. S8. A portion of GC×GC chromatographic plane (3D surface rendering or mountain plot) rotated from the representation used in Fig S7. to focus on the

hopanoid region for samples (A) Macondo well crude oil, (B) surface water oil sample (S1), (C) coastal water oil reference sample (M1), (D) coral B8, (E)

sediment 4664 0–2 cm, and (F) sediment 4662 0–2 cm. The region of the GC×GC chromatographic plane shown for each sample is the same. The yellow arrow is

used to label the first dimension and the white arrow labels the second dimension.

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A 

B 

Fig. S9. A portion of GC×GC chromatographic plane (3D surface rendering or mountain plot) focused on the sterane region for samples (A) Macondo well

crude oil (MW-1) and (B) coral B8. The region of the GC×GC chromatographic plane shown for each sample is the same and identical to that shown in Fig. S7.

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APPENDIX D-1 LOPHELIA II OCTOCORAL GUIDE 

 

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Lophelia II Octocoral Guide

 Acanthogorgia aspera Anthomastus sp. 1 

 Anthomastus robustus delta Anthomastus cf. grandiflorus 

457
 Anthothela sp. 1 Anthothela sp. 3 

 Aquaumbridae Callogorgia am. americana

458
 Callogorgia am. delta Callogorgia gracilis 

 Cheliodonisis a. mexicana Chrysogorgia averta 

 

459
 Chrysogorgia sp. 1 Clavularia rudis 

 

 Corallium niobe Corallium sp. 1

 

460
 Iridogorgia magnispiralis Iridogorgia splendens 

 Isidella sp. Keratoisidinae I1 

461
 Keratoisidinae I2 Keratoisidinae J2a 

 Keratoisidinae N1a Keratoisidinae S1 

462
 

 Lepidisis sp. Muriceides cf. hirta 

 

 Muriceides sp. 2 Muriceides sp. 3

463
 cf. Muriceiopsis sp. Narella pauciflora 

 Nicella sp. Nidalia dissidens 

464
 Paracalyptrophora carinatus Paragorgia cf. johnsoni 

 Paragorgia sp. 1 Paragorgia johnsoni 

 

465
 Paragorgia regalis Paramuricea sp. type A

 Paramuricea biscaya B1 Paramuricea biscaya B2

466
 

 Paramuricea sp. type B3 Paramuricea sp. type E

 Paramuricea sp. type H Pennatulacean 

467
 cf. Echinomuricea sp. Plumarella pellucida/dichotoma 

 

 Scleracis guadalupensis Scleraxonia nov. sp. 1

468
 Sibogagorgia cauliflora Stoloniferan sp. 1 

 Stoloniferan sp. 2 Swiftia cf. koreni 

469
 Swiftia exserta Swiftia pallida 

Black Corals 

 Bathypathes sp. Leiopathes sp. 

 Stichopathes sp. 

470
APPENDIX D-2. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 

 

471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
Captions: 

Figure 01: Sclerites of Acanthogorgia cf. aspera (LII-09-168) – A: marginal rods, B: short rods found at the 

base of the tentacles, C: anthocodium of two polyps, D: collaret or crown with contracted tentacles, E: surface 

texture of the distal projection of a marginal rod.

Figure 02: Sclerites of Callogorgia gracilis (LII-08-GC140-D1) – A (from left to right), under surface of a 

marginal sclerite, under surface of three opercular sclerites, outer surface of an opercular sclerite. B: (from left 

to right) outer surface of an opercular sclerite, under surface of two marginal sclerites. C: under surface of three

opercular sclerites, showing tuberculation. 

Figure 03: Polyps of Callogorgia gracilis (LII-08-GC140-D1) – A, B, C: arrangement of sclerites covering the 

polyp, unique polyps pictured in each.

Figure 04: Sclerites of Corallium sp. 1 (LII-09-180) – A: double clubs, also known as opera-glass sclerites, A’: 

the distinct granular texture of the double clubs. B: 7-radiate and 8-radiate sclerites. C: a rarely occurring crossshaped sclerite. D: tentacular rods. E: a full polyp attached to the axis. 

Figure 05: Sclerites of Corallium niobe (LII-10-602) - A: radiate sclerites, B: tentacular rods. C: light 

microscope image of the axis with polyps, with 1mm increments. 

Figure 06: Sclerites of Muriceides cf. hirta (LII-09-166, LII-09-196) - A, C: cortical thornscale sclerites have a 

stout, serrated central process which is larger than the base. B, D: the calicular thornscale sclerites have a basal 

portion with a stout, serrated, slanted non-central process, and the thornscales lack the four-armed body type 

characteristic of the closely-related Villogorgia. 

Figure 07: Sclerites of Muriceides cf. hirta (LII-09-268, LII-09-271) – A: cortical sclerites from sample LII09-268. B, D: calicular thornscales from both samples LII-09-268 and LII-09-271. C: a rare double-thorned 

sclerite found in LII-09-271.

Figure 08: Sclerites of Muriceides cf. hirta (LII-10-462, LII-10-467) –A: cortical sclerites from sample LII-10-

462. B: cortical sclerites from sample LII-10-467. C: the smooth, non-central processes of the thornscales in this 

sample, which are diagnostic of this species.

Figure 09: Sclerites of Narella pauciflora (LII-09-175) – A: two polyps in adaxial view. B: two polyps in 

lateral view. C: opercular sclerites. D: the arrangement of sclerites along the axis.

Figure 10: Sclerites of Paracalyptrophora carinatus (LII-09-169) – A: a pair of basal sclerites, B: pair of 

buccal sclerites, C: opercular sclerites. D: polyps in abaxial view, lateral view, and adaxial view respectively 

from left to right. E: a close up of the serrated edge of an opercular sclerite. 

489
Figure 11: Sclerites of Paracalyptrophora carinatus (LII-09-171) – A: opercular sclerite, B: coenenchymal 

sclerites. C: row of opercular sclerites with one infrabasal sclerite (center bottom of frame). D, E: opercular 

sclerites. F: buccal sclerites.

Figure 12: Polyps of Paracalyptrophora carinatus (LII-09-171) - The top two images show different angles of 

the same polyp. The upper left image shows an abaxial view, the upper right shows a lateral view. The lower 

image shows an abaxial view looking down on a whorl from the axis. 

Figure 13: Sclerites of Paragorgia sp. 1 (LII-08-SV5-C2) – A: sclerites from the colony surface, B: tentacular 

sclerites, C: medullar sclerites. The dividing line in Section C represents a difference in image magnification. 

Figure 14: Sclerites of Paragorgia cf. johnsoni (LII-09-237) – A: surface sclerites, B: medullar sclerites. 

Figure 15: Sclerites of Paragorgia johnsoni (LII-09-584) – A, B: surface sclerites. 

Figure 16: Sclerites of Paragorgia regalis (LII-09-683) – A, B: surface sclerites. 

Figure 17: Cross-section of Paragorgia sp. 1 (LII-08-SV5-C2) – Light microscope image of a cross section of 

the axis, medullar canals are visible. Diameter of the axis was 8 mm. 

Figure 18: Sclerites of Plumarella pellucida (LII-09-108) – A: outer surface of the body wall scales, B: under 

surface of the body wall scales, C: under surface of the coenenchymal scales, D: outer surface of the 

coenenchymal scales, E: upper surface of the opercular scales, F: under surface of the opercular sclerites.

Figure 19: Sclerites of Sibogagorgia cauliflora (LII-10-625, LII-10-628) – Surface sclerites of Sibogagorgia 

cauliflora. 

Figure 20: Cross-section of Sibogagorgia cauliflora (LII-09-118) –Diameter of the axis was measured to be 

approximately 5 mm. 

490
APPENDIX D-3. MICROSATELLITE ABUNDANCE ACROSS THE 

ANTHOZOA AND HYDROZOA IN THE PHYLUM CNIDARIA 

 

491
R E S EAR CH A R TIC L E Open Access

Microsatellite abundance across the Anthozoa

and Hydrozoa in the phylum Cnidaria

Dannise V Ruiz-Ramos* and Iliana B Baums

Abstract

Background: Microsatellite loci have high mutation rates and thus are indicative of mutational processes within

the genome. By concentrating on the symbiotic and aposymbiotic cnidarians, we investigated if microsatellite

abundances follow a phylogenetic or ecological pattern. Individuals from eight species were shotgun sequenced

using 454 GS-FLX Titanium technology. Sequences from the three available cnidarian genomes (Nematostella

vectensis, Hydra magnipapillata and Acropora digitifera) were added to the analysis for a total of eleven species

representing two classes, three subclasses and eight orders within the phylum Cnidaria.

Results: Trinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats were the most abundant motifs, followed by hexa- and dinucleotides.

Pentanucleotides were the least abundant motif in the data set. Hierarchical clustering and log likelihood ratio

tests revealed a weak relationship between phylogeny and microsatellite content. Further, comparisons between

cnidaria harboring intracellular dinoflagellates and those that do not, show microsatellite coverage is higher in

the latter group.

Conclusions: Our results support previous studies that found tri- and tetranucleotides to be the most abundant

motifs in invertebrates. Differences in microsatellite coverage and composition between symbiotic and non-symbiotic

cnidaria suggest the presence/absence of dinoflagellates might place restrictions on the host genome.

Keywords: Cnidaria, Microsatellites, Ancestral metazoan, Simple sequence repeats, Comparative genomics

Background

As ancestral metazoans [1] (Figure 1), Cnidarians provide

an interesting system within which to study mutational

processes. Cnidarians do not possess a sequestered germ

line [2] and their members have a large diversity of life cycles, main adult stages (colonial or solitary), reproduction

strategies (sexual, asexual, brooding, broadcasting) and

morphological plasticity. Cnidarians also frequently

harbor intra-cellular symbionts, the presence of which

may, on the one hand, increase the amount of mutagens

(reactive oxygen species, ROS) in host tissues [3], but on

the other might exert pressure to limit genetic change,

ensuring continued communication between partners [4].

Some of the differences in longevity, life cycle, morphology and symbiotic relationships across the Cnidaria

might be related to differences in genomic composition or

mutation rates [5]. For example, Cnidarians with shortlived medusa stages have faster mitochondrial mutation

rates than cnidarians with long life spans and no medusa

stages [6].

Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are

sequences of no more than 6 basepairs (bp), repeated

tandemly [7]. Point mutations and substitutions are responsible for producing proto-microsatellites (short sequence

precursor of microsatellites). Once proteo-microsatellites

are formed mutation rates will increase with increasing repeat length, until new mutations or substitutions stabilize

mutation rates and the microsatellite sequence [8,9]. DNA

polymerase slippage and unequal recombination have been

proposed to explain microsatellite expansion, and instability

[10], while the frequency of microsatellites is associated

with the presence of transposable elements [8,11,12].

Microsatellite loci are genomic features well suited

for the study of mutational processes. Apart from high

mutation rates, they influence a variety of phenotypic

traits from skeletal morphology to host-pathogen interactions [13,14]. Recent studies suggest that microsatellites

play an important, direct role in genome evolution because

microsatellites may affect DNA replication, translation

* Correspondence: dvr116@psu.edu

Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller

Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA

© 2014 Ruiz-Ramos and Baums; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public

Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this

article, unless otherwise stated.

Ruiz-Ramos and Baums BMC Genomics 2014, 15:939

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492
and gene expression [13-15]. For example, in some

disease-associated microsatellites, increases in repeat length

can originate replication and chromosome rearrangement.

In microsatellites located within coding or promoter regions, mutations in the repeats can modify patterns of

gene expression.

Microsatellites have been found in every genome studied [7], and taxon-specific variation in microsatellite types

and distribution are common [10]. Previous studies concluded that tetranucleotides are more abundant than trinucleotides in vertebrates, while di- and trinucleotides are

more abundant in invertebrates [10,16]. Some microsatellite features such as motif size and class can differ even

among closely related species [10]; for example, extensive

variation has been observed among Drosophila species

[17]. The phylogenetic signal of microsatellites depends

on the studied feature, for example, the relative abundance

of AC and GC motifs and the average lengths of dinucleotides and trinucleotides appear to be conserved in most

animals [17]. However, even when microsatellite composition is similar for closely related species, the relationship

deteriorates as the evolutionary distance between species

increases [18].

Comparisons of microsatellite abundances, lengths

and repeat types within and among species have shed

some light on the way genomes evolve [10,12,17]. Microsatellite types differ with their position in the genome,

genome size does not correlate with the amount of microsatellites it contains, and mutation rates increase with

microsatellite lengths. In Cnidaria, comparisons of the

two sequenced genomes: Nematostella vectensis [19]

and Hydra magnipapillata [20] showed noticeable differences in genome size, base composition, gene conservation and content of transposable elements; however,

microsatellite abundance and frequency were not analyzed [5].

The objectives of this work were: 1) to describe the

microsatellite abundance and composition in different

members of the Cnidaria with focus on the Anthozoa and

Hydrozoa, 2) to detect a phylogenetic signal in microsatellite abundance and composition and to 3) correlate the

mitochondrial genome mutation rates and the presence of

intra-cellular symbionts to microsatellite abundance and

composition. We further provide resources for the design

of microsatellite primers for future studies of cnidarian

populations.

Results

Proportion of sequences with microsatellites

We partially sequenced the genomes of the following

Cnidarians: black corals (Leiopathes glaberrima and

Tanacetipathes sp.), candelabrum coral (Eunicea flexuosa), the octocoral Plumarella sp., strawberry anemone (Corynactis californica), giant mushroom anemone

(Amplexidiscus fenestrafer), plumose anemone (Metridium senile), and fire coral (Millepora alcicornis). A total

of 929,398 sequences with a mean length of 474 bp and a

mean trimmed sequence length of 192 bp were obtained

from these eight cnidarian species. The sequences represent

a quasi-random sample of a fraction of the eight species’

Figure 1 Classical (non-molecular) phylogeny of the Metazoa adapted from Ball et al. [1]. The split between the Cnidaria and the higher

Metazoa occurred around 540 mya.

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genomes. The overall proportion of sequences containing

microsatellites varied among species, ranging from 1.3%

in the octocoral E. flexuosa to 7.7% in the antipatharian

L. glaberrima (Table 1).

DNA extracts from 3 of the species (Table 1) might

have contained DNA from their intracellular symbionts,

despite our efforts to isolate DNA from symbiont-free

tissue (see methods). Thus, sequences containing microsatellites were aligned against a local database of Symbiodinium sequences. Sequences with more than 75% similarity

to Symbiodinium were eliminated (if found). However,

when aligning the putative Symbiodinium sequences

against the full NCBI database the top hits were not to

Symbiodinium. Regardless, putative Symbiodinium sequences were discarded from the analysis. The microsatellite cover was the same whether the putative Symbiodinium

sequences were included or not. Microsatellite cover was

also calculated for the Symbiodinium clades, their values

being either similar (tetra- to hexanucleotides) or higher

(di- and trinucleotides) than those of their hosts (Available

in the Dryad Digital Repository: doi:10.5061/dryad.4k5st).

As a supplement to the eight species with partial

genome sequences (PGS), scaffolds of whole genome

sequences (WGS) of three other Cnidarians were processed as above, including WGS of N. vectensis (59,149

assembled scaffolds, with a mean length of 32,759 bp),

H. magnipapillata (126,667 assembled scaffolds, mean

length of 32,754 bp) and A. digitifera (29,765 assembled scaffolds, mean length 6,804 bp). The proportion

of sequences containing microsatellites in the WGS

species ranged from 0.8% in the scleractinian A. digitifera

to 5.8% in the anemone Nematostella (Table 1).

Summary statistics

Mean GC content ranged from 33% to 43% (Figure 2) in

the 8 partial genome sequences (PGS) and from 23% to

42% in the WGS species, and differed between the PGS

and the WGS (2 tailed t-test, p <0.001). GC content also

differed among PGS species and among WGS species

(Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA, p <0.005, p <0.001).

The observed microsatellite coverage was not significantly

different between PGS and WGS species (t-test) when considering tri- (p =0.08), tetra- (p =0.21), penta- (p =0.37)

and hexanucleotides (p =0.36), but differed for mono-

(p =0.01) and dinucleotides (p =0.01) Figure 3, Table 2.

All microsatellite types (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-,

penta- and hexanucleotides) were found in the studied

species, with the exception of C. californica in which

mononucleotides were not detected. Of all possible

motif combinations, 2 motifs of mono-, 4 di- (Table 3),

10 tri- (Table 4), 33 tetra- (Table 5), 77 penta- (Additional

file 1: Table S1) and 160 types of hexanucleotides

(Additional file 1: Table S2) were found in the sequenced

data. Overall, trinucleotides and tetranucleotides were the

most abundant types in Cnidaria, but noticeable differences were observed among species (Figure 3, Additional

file 2).

The microsatellite lengths (number of repeat units) were

also significantly different (One Way ANOVA, p <0.004)

among species (Figure 4, Additional file 2). Mean repeat

numbers ranged from 4 to 23 (repeats/microsatellite type)

for the PGS species and between 4 and 86 repeats for the

WGS species. However, sequences with long microsatellites (e.g. >23 repeats) were rare (mean of means =14.6

repeats, s.d. =5.4) in both WGS and PGS.

Phylogeny and ecology

A COI phylogeny of the studied species was constructed

as a requirement to test evolutionary models of the

microsatellite coverage, using a log-likelihood test. The

COI tree showed the expected grouping of Hydrozoa,

Octocorallia and Hexacorallia (Figure 5). Nematostella

vectensis was basal to the Hexacorallia, but the long

branch in Nematostella suggested increased levels of sequence divergence between Nematostella and the other

species. The Corallimorpharia clustered with the Scleractinian sequences while the Antipatharia clustered with

M. senile (Actiniaria). The phylogeny also suggested that

the Actinaria (N. vectensis, M. senile) are paraphyletic.

The log-likelihood test between phylogeny and coverage of microsatellite types suggested abundance follows

a random walk evolutionary model (Table 6). Regressions (p =1.00, Table 6) between phylogeny and coverage

of microsatellite types were not significant, indicating

there is no phylogenetic signal in the coverage and types

of microsatellites. Regressions (p =1.00) between phylogeny and microsatellite lengths yielded similar results.

The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a weak phylogenetic signal for the coverage and length of microsatellites (Figure 6). The significant clusters in each analysis

had approximated unbiased p-values (AU) of >95%

indicating that those clusters were supported by the

data [21]. Millepora alcicornis, E. flexuosa, A. fenestrafer

and C. californica grouped by microsatellite coverage

(Figure 6a). Thus, clustering by microsatellite coverage

discriminated between symbiotic and non-symbiotic

corals (excepting C. californica). The corallimorpharians, A. fenestrafer and C. californica clustered by length

of microsatellites (Figure 6b) making the corallimorpharia the only phylogenetic group recovered by the

hierarchical clustering.

Non-symbiotic corals had about 6-fold higher microsatellite coverage than symbiotic corals (Mann–Whitney U

Test, p =0.002, Additional file 1: Table S6a), but the

microsatellites were similar in lengths (Mann–Whitney U

Test, p =0.65, Additional file 1: Table S6b). Microsatellite

coverage of Symbiodinium was higher than the microsatellite coverage found in their hosts (Kruskal-Wallis One

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Table 1 Total number of sequences and percentage of sequences containing microsatellites and associated statistics

Species Symbiodinium

present

Total

sequences

Mean raw sequence

length (bp)

Sequences

with msats

% Sequences

with msats

% Sequences with msats

(after bootstrapped mean)

Bootstrapped mean

of total msat

E. flexuosas Y 128422 452.9 1686 1.3 0.01 14.2 

A. fenestrafers Y 132680 430.4 2169 1.6 0.01 17.2 M. alcicornisf Y 114916 550.6 2081 1.8 0.02 19.5 

Mean 125339 478 1979+ 1.6# 0.01 16.9^

L. glaberrimas N 132680 418.9 10177 7.7 0.08 104.6 

Tanacetipathes sps N 117973 470.2 6544 5.6 0.05 60.6 Plumarella sps N 108495 500.1 4594 4.2 0.05 51.3 C. californicas N 100639 462.4 1797 1.8 0.02 17.6 M. seniles N 109046 505.4 7519 6.9 0.08 88.6 

Mean 113767 471.4 6126 5.2 0.06 64.6

N. vectensis*s Y 59149 3418 5.8 0.29 173.8 

H. magnipapillata*f Y 126667 5438 4.3 0.22 277.7 A. digitifera*s Y 29765 225 0.8 0.68 201.8 

Mean 71860 3027 3.6 0.40 217.8 

Symbiodinium

Clade C 82331 12174 

A3 94810 2674 B1 33816 19426 

Mean 70319 11424 

*Whole genome sequences downloaded from GenBank. Bootstrapped mean of % sequences with msats = the mean % of sequences with microsatellites calculated via bootstrappinmean of total msat = the mean total count of microsatellites calculated via bootstrapping (10000 iterations). Bca CI: Bias corrected confidence interval calculated from 10000 bootstra

alcicornis have fast mutation rates (superscript f), the remainder of the species has slow mutation rates (superscript s). Symbiotic state is indicated by Y = yes and N = no. The symbio

sequences with microsatellites+, percent of sequences with microsatellites#, and a lower bound for the bootstrapped mean of total microsatellites^ (t-tests,

p <0.05, equal variances not assumed). Neither the total number of sequences not the mean raw sequence length differed between symbiotic and nonsymbiotic species (t-tests, p >

495
Way ANOVA, p <0.001). Microsatellite coverage did

not vary with rate of mitochondrial evolution (slow vs.

fast) for microsatellite coverage (Mann–Whitney U

Test, p =0.61, Additional file 1: Table S7a), and microsatellite length (Mann–Whitney U Test, p =0.99, Additional

file 1: Table S7b).

Discussion

Here, we described microsatellite abundances and lengths

in the phylum Cnidaria with a focus on the Anthozoa and

Hydrozoa. We investigated if these characters were

predicted by phylogeny, mitochondrial mutation rates

or ecology (presence of symbiotic algae). When clustering the Cnidarian species by microsatellite lengths

and microsatellite coverage, only the two closely related corallimorpharian species grouped together; no

phylogenetic signal was found in the clustering of the

remaining 6 species representing higher taxonomic

levels. A phylogenetic signal in microsatellite abundance

and length in the Cnidaria thus appears to be lost fairly

rapidly, but more data is needed to support this finding.

Interestingly, dinoflagellate-hosting Cnidaria had 6-fold

lower microsatellite coverage and different microsatellite

composition from those that do not host dinoflagellates.

This result contrasted with the microsatellite coverage of

their main associated dinoflagellates, which had also 5 to

6 orders of magnitude higher microsatellite coverage then

their hosts. These observations prompted the hypothesis

that the close association with dinoflagellates might place

restrictions on microsatellite coverage and composition in

Cnidarian genomes.

Summary statistics

GC content is correlated with genomic features relevant in

determining genome function like gene density, distribution

of transposable elements and gene expression levels

[22,23]. Here, the average GC content in the microsatellite sequences varied between 23 and 43% (n =11 species). The GC content in the microsatellites did not differ

among the studied species; thus the GC proportion in the

microsatellites cannot explain differences in microsatellite

abundance in the Cnidaria.

Microsatellite coverage in the partial genomes of eight

species varied from 4.4 to 215, suggesting a wide range

of microsatellite coverage for the phylum. These results

mirror previous studies in which the densities of microsatellites vary within phyla [8,10,18,24].

Microsatellites might influence genome evolution and,

at the same time, the processes generating and maintaining microsatellites might be altered during the

evolution of the genome [10,25]. Clear signals in the

abundance and type of microsatellite have been

observed when comparing phyla and subphyla

[10,17,24] and when comparing sister species [17],

but microsatellite composition and coverage becomes

more heterogeneous as the species divergence increases

[18]. In this article, differences in the frequencies of

microsatellite motif types were detected among the

cnidarian species included. Frequency of microsatellite

A B

Figure 2 GC content of microsatellite repeats found in the studied Cnidarian species (panel A and B). PGS species include Leiopathes

(n =628count/Mbp), Tanacetipathes (n =364), Eunicea (n =85), Plumarella (n =308), Corynactis (n =106), Amplexidiscus (n =103), Metridium (n =532),

Millepora (n =117). Analysis of variance testing for differences in GC content among microsatellite repeat types in PGS was non-significant

(p = 0.06). WGS species include Nematostella (n =1042), Hydra (n =1666), A. digitifera (n =1210). Analysis of variance testing for a difference in GC

content among microsatellite repeats types in WGS was non-significant (p =0.10). The lowest boundary of the box indicates the 25th percentile,

the upper boundary indicates the 75th percentile. Lines within the box indicate the mean (dashed line) and the median (solid line). Whiskers

indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles; the filled circles are outliers.

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types was similar for some of the closely related species

(L. glaberrima and Tanacetipathes sp; C. californica and

A. fenestrafer), but differed for the other related group

(Octocorallia).

All theoretically possible combinations of mono- (2), di-

(4), tri- (10) and tetranucleotide (33) motifs were present

in the PGS species. Eighty-nine of the 102 possible pentaand 172 of the 350 possible hexanucleotides were also

Di Tri Tetra Penta Hexa

Leiopathes

Tanacetipathes

Eunicea

Plumarella

Corynactis

Amplexidiscus

Metridium

Millepora

Nematostella

Hydra

Acropora

Figure 3 Mean of microsatellites coverage found in the studied cnidarian species. Leiopathes (n =628 count/Mbp), Tanacetipathes (n =364),

Eunicea (n =85), Plumarella (n =308), Corynactis (n =106), Amplexidiscus (n =103), Metridium (n =532), Millepora (n =117), Nematostella (n =1047),

Hydra (n =1666), A. digitifera (n =1210). The grey circles represent the proportion of microsatellites found. Dashed lines represent the upper and

lower 95% confidence interval limits. If only one dashed circle is shown, the lowest C.I. =0.00. Nematostella, Hydra and Acropora digitifera microsatellites

were derived from whole genome sequences while only a fraction of the genome was scanned for all other species (PGS). T-tests between coverage

of a certain motive type between WGS and PGS were significant for mono- (p =0.01) and di- (p =0.01).

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Table 2 Microsatellite counts in the Cnidaria (by species)

A)Species Mono- Di- BootMean Bias Bca CI (95%) Tri- BootMean Bias Bca CI (95%)

Eunicea 2 7.4 1.8 0.0 (0.3, 4.3) 23.1 2.3 0.0 (1.0, 4.3)Amplexidiscus 8 2.6 0.7 0.0 (0.1, 1.0) 39.1 3.9 0.0 (2.1, 6.2)Millepora 6 11.3 2.8 0.0 (0.6, 4.4) 16.5 1.6 0.0 (0.7, 3.0)Leiopathes 10 101 25.3 0.0 (2.7, 57.6) 144.9 14.5 0.1 (8.4, 25.2)Tanacetipathes 5 40 10 −0.1 (1.6, 19.8) 114.2 11.4 −0.1 (5.9, 21.4)

Plumarella 4 36.7 9.2 0.0 (1.8, 21.6) 45.3 4.5 0.0 (2.5, 7.5)Corynactis 12 4.5 1.1 0.0 (0.2, 2.5) 22.1 2.2 0.0 (1.1, 3.6)Metridium 10 9 2.3 0.0 (0.8, 3.2) 215 21.5 0.0 (4.7, 81.2)Nematostella 138 198 49.5 −0.4 (7.3, 116.7) 353.7 35.4 0.0 (12.0, 90.4)

Hydra 202 1249 312.3 1.3 (30.2, 837.1) 76.9 7.7 0.0 (2.0, 26.3)Acropora 42 231 55.8 −0.7 (0.0, 136.2) 594.0 59.4 0.3 (9.5, 243.7)B)Species Tetra- BootMean Bias Bca CI (95%) Penta- BootMean Bias Bca CI (95%) Hexa- BooEunicea 17.3 0.5 0.0 (0.3, 0.8) 23.1 0.2 0.0 (0.2, 0.3) 12.5 Amplexidiscus 22.7 0.7 0.0 (0.4, 1.1) 17.4 0.2 0.0 (0.1, 0.3) 13.2 Millepora 59.2 1.8 0.0 (0.8, 4.3) 16.3 0.2 0.0 (0.1, 0.3) 7.6 Leiopathes 197.8 6 0.0 (4.1, 8.9) 85.5 1 0.0 (0.7, 1.4) 88.1 Tanacetipathes 109.3 3.3 0.0 (2.0, 5.4) 46.4 0.5 0.0 (0.4, 0.7) 49 Plumarella 82.2 2.5 0.0 (1.4, 4.9) 51.7 0.6 0.0 (0.4, 1.0) 87.3 Corynactis 31.6 1 0.0 (0.6, 1.6) 20.9 0.2 0.0 (0.1, 0.3) 14.9 Metridium 203.2 6.2 0.0 (3.4, 10.9) 66.6 0.7 0.0 (0.5, 1.2) 27.8 Nematostella 243.9 7.3 0.0 (4.8, 12.1) 50.3 0.5 0.0 (0.3, 0.8) 59.1 Hydra 83.9 2.5 0.0 (0.7, 7.8) 33.4 0.3 0.0 (0.1, 0.9) 20.9 Acropora 151.3 3.2 0.0 (0.8, 7.6) 90.8 0.5 0.0 (0.0, 1.2) 102.2 

Mono-,di-, tri- (A) ,tetra-,penta- and hexa- (B) are microsatellite types. BootMean: the bootstrapped mean of the sample based on 10000 bootstraps. Bootstrapping is not appropriate difference between the arithmetic mean and the bootstrapped sample. Bca CI (95%): the bias corrected accelerated interval percentile at the 95% confidence level as calculated via 

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Table 3 Coverage (counts/Mbp) of dinucleotide motifs found in Cnidaria

Symbiotic Nonsymbiotic WGS (S

Eunicea Amplexidiscus Millepora Leiopathes Tanacetipathes Plumarella Corynactis Metridium Nematostella 

AC 1.4 0.9 5.8 67.5 25.5 3.8 3.0 1.9 23.1 

AG 0.7 1.2 2.4 28.2 11.1 6.2 1 3.1 29.1 

AT 5.3 0.5 3.1 5.2 2.7 26.7 0.4 3.7 145.9 

CG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 

The two most abundant motifs are in bold.

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Table 4 Coverage (counts/Mbp) of trinucleotide motifs found in Cnidaria

Leiopathes Tanacetipathes Eunicea Plumarella Corynactis Amplexidiscus Metridium Millepora Nematostella 

AAC 46.6 27.2 6.4 6.8 5.6 5.7 18.2 2.0 51.0 

AAG 16.5 5.4 1.3 3.5 2.3 2.6 5.1 0.9 4.4 

AAT 18.8 6.8 4.8 10.3 5.1 8.1 20.7 4.6 180.2 

ACC 6 3.8 1 2.7 0.7 2.6 8.0 0.3 14.2 

ACG 3.3 8.4 0.7 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.0 8.1 ACT 26.1 18.7 0.9 3.6 3.1 6.8 1.7 2.6 6.1 

AGC 12.4 4.1 0.7 4.1 0.3 0.8 1.6 0.8 3.4 

AGG 5.5 2.2 0.0 0.9 0.3 1 1.2 0.2 3.1 

ATC 9.7 37.7 7.2 12.3 4.3 10 157.6 4.9 82.5 

CCG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 

The most abundant motifs are in bold.

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Table 5 Coverage (counts/Mbp) of tetranucleotide motifs found in Cnidaria

Leiopathes Tanacetipathes Eunicea Plumarella Corynactis Amplexidiscus Metridium Millepora Nematostella 

AAAC 29.8 13.6 1.6 5.7 3.1 1.8 36.6 1.8 18.8 

AAAG 10.5 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.9 1.2 3.3 1.1 4.3 

AAAT 11.0 4.5 2.0 6.1 5.3 3.6 12.3 5.0 46 

AACC 4.5 2.5 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.1 6.6 0.0 1.9 

AACG 2.3 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.0 4.4 0.0 1.9 

AACT 2.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.2 4.3 

AAGC 2.3 1.8 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 3.5 0.3 1.8 

AAGG 8.9 3 0.1 4.3 0.4 0.7 3.7 0.3 1.2 

AAGT 2.7 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.7 6.9 6.7 3.7 

AATC 13.3 9.6 1.1 2.6 5.6 2.3 28.6 1.2 10.8 

AATG 7.3 2.7 0.6 1.8 1.5 0.9 41.5 1 14.3 AATT 1.8 0.5 0.3 1 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.5 4.6 

ACAG 19.8 15.8 0.7 18.3 0.6 1.0 12.8 2.1 28.5 

ACCC 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 

ACCG 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.3 4.6 

ACCT 4.9 1.4 0.3 4.1 1 0.2 1 1.5 12.6 

ACGC 8.3 3.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.9 

ACGG 1 1.1 1.0 0.7 2.5 0.0 1 0.6 8.1 

ACGT 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 

ACTC 9.7 6.6 0.0 0.2 2.5 1.5 1.9 0.4 4 

ACTG 7.1 10.2 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.5 6.8 1.4 4.7 

AGCC 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.3 4.7 

AGCG 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

AGCT 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 

AGGC 2 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 8.1 

AGGG 2.9 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 4.3 

ATAC 20.7 18.4 1.8 7.2 1.3 2.2 2.3 10.2 7.8 ATAG 13.9 3.9 1.8 19.3 1.5 1.2 3.7 22.3 30.0 

ATCC 4.2 2.1 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 20.3 0.7 8 

ATCG 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 

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Table 5 Coverage (counts/Mbp) of tetranucleotide motifs found in Cnidaria (Continued)

ATGC 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 CCCG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 CCGG 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 The most abundant motifs are in bold.

502
observed. Pentameric and hexameric nucleotides generally

have longer sequences [26], and thus we might not have

been able to detect them because read lengths from 454

GS FXL Titanium had means of 192 bp after trimming.

Di-, tri- and tetranucleotides are the most abundant

microsatellites in invertebrates [10,16,24], and this generally holds true for the Cnidaria. AC was the most frequent

dinucleotide motif found in the studied species. This motif

is also common in other metazoans, such as vertebrates

and arthropods [10,18]. CG motifs are rare in Cnidaria as

well as in other metazoans [10,16,18]. In this dataset,

AAT, ATC, AAC and ACT were the most abundant trinucleotides motifs. Interestingly, ACT was reported as

rare in most of the previously sequenced vertebrate and

invertebrate taxa [10], but is frequent in the Cnidaria.

For example, ACT constitutes 40% of the trinucleotides

observed in Millepora (Table 4).

Repeat number, length (bp) and motif type are indicators

of microsatellite mutation rates [8,11]. A greater number of

Figure 4 Boxplots of the microsatellite repeat length (number of repeat copies) in the Cnidaria. T-test between whole genome sequenced

(WGS) and partial genome sequenced (PGS) species were significant (p <0.001) for di-, tri-, tetra-, hexa- and pentanucleotides (p <0.02). For PGS

species, analyses of variance were significant (p <0.05) for tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexanucleotides. For the WGS species, analyses of variance were

significant (p <0.001) for mono-, tri- and tetranucleotides. NS = not significant. Notice the varying scales of the y-axis. See Figure 1 for an explanation of

the box plots.

Hydra

M. alcicornis

A. tenuis

Corynactis

Amplexidiscus

Metridium

Leiopathes

Bathypathes

Nematostella

E. tourneforti

100

72

87

100

98

98

85

0.05

Hydrozoa

Hexacorallia

Octocorallia

*

*

+

_

+

+

_

_

_

+

Figure 5 Bayesian genealogy of ten cnidarian species studied,

based on partial COI sequences (approx. 700 bp). Posterior

probabilities are shown next to the nodes. The scale bar represents

0.05% sequence divergence. Partial COI of E. tourneforti was used

instead of E. flexuosa, Bathypathes instead of Tanacetipathes, and A.

tenuis instead of A. digitifera.

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repeats increases the probability of slippage and thus increases the mutability of the microsatellite [8,11]. Mapping

the location and identity of our microsatellites is not possible and, therefore, we cannot directly estimate mutation

rate. However, based on the fact that mutability increases

with microsatellite length [11] we suggest that the significant differences in average repeat lengths among cnidarian

species (Figure 4) might indicate differing mutation rates

among species. Further studies are required to test this

hypothesis.

Phylogenetic signal of microsatellite characteristics

Previous studies [10,17] suggested that some microsatellite features (i.e. dominant microsatellite motif ) might be

related to the evolutionary history of the species and,

therefore, those features should be concordant with the

species’ phylogeny. To test this hypothesis in the Anthozoa

and Hydrozoa, we performed hierarchical cluster analysis

and Bayesian regressions on the proportion of microsatellite motifs and the microsatellite lengths.

The hierarchical cluster analyses suggested a weak

phylogenetic signal for the coverage of microsatellite

within the Cnidaria at the order level (Figure 6). Additional sub-family sampling is required before conclusions

can be drawn about the similarity of microsatellite coverage among members of the same family. However, other

studies suggest that increasing the number of species in a

phylogenetic group usually increases the heterogeneity of

the microsatellite composition and coverage [18].

The phylogenetic regression showed no relationship

between microsatellite abundance or microsatellite

length and phylogeny, suggesting evolution of these

microsatellite characters was random. However, the

dominance of di-, tri- and tetranucleotide motifs was

shared between the Anthozoa and the Hydrozoa, the

most distantly related Cnidarians [1,5] (Figures 1, 3 and

5), suggesting that di-, tri- and tetranucleotide dominance might be the ancestral microsatellite state for Cnidaria. These results compare with the conclusions of

Ross et al. [17] that the phylogenetic signal derived from

microsatellite patterns depends on the microsatellite features under study.

Millepora

Amplexidiscus

Eunicea

Corynactis

Tanacetipathes

Plumarella

Leiopathes

Metridium

0 100 200 300 400 500

Height

92 67

97

93

92

79

au

69 44

91

72

60

48

 bp

2 1

3

4

5

6

edge #

Plumarella

Millepora

Corynactis

Amplexidiscus

Leiopathes

Eunicea

Tanacetipathes

Metridium

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Height

96

94

90

52

75

67

au

73

44

62

15

23

41

bp

1

2

3

4

5

6

edge #

+ + _

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

+

+

+

*

A B

*

+

Figure 6 Hierarchical cluster of cnidarian species: (A) microsatellite coverage, (B) mean repeat length. Red box indicate groups with

bootstrap values higher than 95%. BP (green) = Bootstrap values and AU (red) = approximate unbiased p-values. * Indicate species with fast

mtDNA mutation rate. Symbiotic state is indicated with +/− symbols (+ symbiotic, − non-symbiotic). Clustering was performed on Euclidian

distances using the Ward cluster method.

Table 6 The relationship between phylogeny and

microsatellite traits (performed with BayesTraits)

Model A Model B LRT (df =1) p

mono −55.10 −54.19 −1.82 1.00

di −72.26 −72.15 −0.22 1.00

tri −67.98 −67.98 0.00 1.00

tetra −59.98 −59.94 −0.08 1.00

penta −51.07 −50.98 −0.17 1.00

hexa −52.40 −52.38 −0.04 1.00

Given are the log likelihoods for the microsatellites coverage assuming random

walk evolution (Model A) and assuming directional evolution (Model B). LTR = Log

likelihood test of Model A and Model B, p >0.05, model A is suggested.

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Symbiotic signal of microsatellite features

Members of the Cnidaria have diverse symbiotic relationships and this diversity might be related to differences in genomic composition or mutation rates [5].

We explored if, presence of intracellular algal symbionts

in the genus Symbiodinium, and host mtDNA mutation

rates were associated with microsatellite coverage and/or

microsatellite length.

The symbiotic corals had 6-fold lower microsatellite

coverage than the non-symbiotic corals. Similarly, the

microsatellite coverage in Symbiodinium was up to 6-fold

higher than the microsatellite coverage in their coral

hosts. Therefore, difference in microsatellite coverage cannot be attributed to contamination by Symbiodinium sequences (Additional file 1: Table S3). The methods used

for tissue collection and DNA extractions were biased

against Symbiodinium, reducing the chances of overrepresentation of Symbiodinium sequences: DNA was extracted from Symbiodinium-free eggs (Eunicea),

bleached colonies (Millepora), or the base of the anemone’s foot (Amplexidiscus). Thus the number of symbionts was expected to be low [27,28]. The studied coral

sequences were then aligned against sequences from

various Symbiodinium Clades (provided by LaJeunesse

et al., unpublished data) to remove potential contaminants. The frequency and type of microsatellites found

in the only published Symbiodinium genome [29] was

higher or similar to that of the studied corals. Therefore, we concluded that a potential contamination with

Symbiodinium sequences would have increased microsatellite coverage, instead of decreasing it.

The intracellular nature of the symbiosis demands

tight communication between the partners [30] and thus

it is conceivable that the symbiotic state selects for stable

host genomes. Alternatively, factors that co-vary with

symbiosis state might explain the differences in microsatellite coverage. The symbiotic species included in this

study occur in high temperature and light environments.

High light and temperature combined with the mutation

stress from reactive oxygen produced as a by-product of

photosynthesis by their symbionts might select for efficient DNA repair mechanisms in these long-lived species.

To further investigate if microsatellite coverage is influenced by symbionts or light/temperature stress, future

work would benefit from the addition of a non-symbiotic

tropical cnidarian (such as Tubastrea coccinea).

Previous studies suggested differences between nuclear

and mitochondrial DNA mutation rates across the Cnidaria

[31-33]. For example, the mitochondrial genomes of the

Anthozoa have low mutation rates, while the mitochondrial genomes of Medusozoa (including the Hydrozoa)

have mutation rates similar to more complex animals

[32]. Slow mutation rates in the mitochondrial DNA

point to efficient DNA repair mechanisms [31-33];

however, cnidarian nuclear allozymes and microsatellite

markers show high heterozygosity indicative of high mutation rates [33-35].

We considered WGS and PGS species together to

compare microsatellite abundances and lengths between

Cnidaria with slow mtDNA mutation rates (L. glaberrima,

Tanacetipathes sp, Plumarella sp, C. californica, E. flexuosa, A. fenestrafer, M. senile, N. vectensis, A. digitifera)

and Cnidaria with fast mtDNA mutation rates (M. alcicornis and H. magnipapillata), and found no difference

(p =0.61 for microsatellite coverage, Additional file 1:

Table S7a; p =0.99 for microsatellite length, Additional

file 1: Table S7b). While additional samples from the

Meduzosoa and Hydrozoa (fast mtDNA mutation rates)

would strengthen the comparison, our results lend some

support to the idea that DNA repair is efficient in the

Medusozoa and Hydrozoa but mitochondrion-specific.

Conclusions

This study broadens our understanding of microsatellite

distributions in non-model invertebrates. Almost every

theoretically possible microsatellite motif was found. Trinucleotides and tetranucleotides were the most common

microsatellites in the Cnidaria, challenging the convention

that penta and hexanucleotides are most frequent in all

nonvertebrate taxa [10].

Cnidarian species showed differences in microsatellite

densities, between symbiotic and non-symbiotic cnidarians. Lower microsatellite coverage, although not lengths,

in symbiotic corals suggest that either the symbiotic state

itself or factors that co-vary with it, such as high light and

high temperature, place restrictions on the host genome.

Inclusion of non-symbiotic tropical Cnidarians will be informative in this regard.

Methods

DNA was extracted using QIAGEN DNeasy kits with 2

elution steps of 5 min of elution time. High-quality

DNA (~3 mg) was extracted from eight species: Leiopathes glaberrima, Tanacetipathes sp, Corynactis californica, Amplexidiscus fenestrafer, Eunicea flexuosa

Plumarella sp, Metridium senile and Millepora alcicornis (Table 1). These samples encompass two classes

(Anthozoa, Hydrozoa), three subclasses (Hexacorallia,

Octocorallia, Hydroidolina) and five orders (Anthipatharia,

Corallimorpharia, Alcyonacea, Actiniaria, and Anthoathecata) within the Cnidaria. Genomic libraries were prepared

from the double-stranded DNA using Nextera DNA Sample Prep Kit (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison WI) and

shotgun sequenced on a 454 GS-FLX sequencer using the

Titanium Sequencing Kit (Roche Diagnostics Corporation,

Indianapolis, IN).

Sequences were trimmed with PipeMeta [36] and assembled with the GS De Novo Assembler (Roche Diagnostics

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Corporation, Indianapolis, IN) keeping the default settings

and a minimum sequence length of 45 base pairs. Sequences are available from NCBI Sequence read archive:

Leiopathes glaberrima [Genbank: SRX323262], Tanacetipathes sp [Genbank: SRX327567], Plumarella sp [Genbank:

SRX326898], Eunicea flexuosa [Genbank: SRX326897],

Corynactis californica [Genbank: SRX326758], Amplexidiscus fenestrafer [Genbank: SRX326761], Metridium senile

[Genbank: SRX327565], Millepora alcicornis [Genbank:

SRX323169].

In addition, the whole genome sequence scaffolds from

Nematostella vectensis [19], Acropora digitifera [37] and

Hydra magnipapillata strain 105 [20] were obtained

from GenBank. Whole genome sequences (WGS) were

generated from symbiont-free tissues (larvae for N. vectensis and sperm for A. digitifera) [19,37] except Hydra

for which contaminant sequences were removed manually after assembly [19,20,37].

Several steps were taken to avoid/minimize sequence

contamination with symbiotic dinoflagellate algae in the

zooxanthellate corals (E. flexuosa, A. fenestrafer and M.

alcicornis). When available, DNA was extracted from

Symbiodinium-free larvae (E. flexuosa). Amplexidiscus

DNA was extracted from the base of the anemone’s foot,

which contains lower concentrations of symbionts [27].

Millepora DNA was extracted from bleached colonies

which also feature a significantly reduced symbiont

density [28]. In addition, the Partial Genome Sequences

(those containing both flanking regions) were aligned to

a custom database containing sequences from three

Symbiodinium species: 454 sequences of clade C (Wham

et al. unpublished) and assembled EST sequences of clades

A and B [38], using BLASTn [39] and BLASTx [40]

programs to check for the presence of Symbiodinium

sequences. Sequences with more than 75 percent identity,

alignment lengths larger than 50 bp and e-values lower

than 1e−05 were filtered out of the cnidarian sequences

because they represented putative Symbiodinium DNA

and aligned against the NCBI database (Additional file 1:

Table S3).

Cnidarian sequences were imported to the Tandem

Repeat Finder (TRF) database [41] and processed using

the default alignment parameters as follows: Match: 2;

Mismatch: 7; Indels: 7. Sequences were categorized as

having at least one flanking region or having two flanking regions (of at least 6 nucleotides) and run in the

program SciRoKo [42] to extract all perfect tandem

repeats between sizes two and six, containing at least

three consecutive repeats. Microsatellite search parameters

in SciRoKo were as follows: Search mode: Mismatched,

Fixed Penalty; Mismatched Search Setting: Required

score: 15; Mismatch penalty: 5; SSR seed minimum

length: 8; SSR seed minimum repeat: 3, Maximum mismatches at once: 3. High error rate in homopolymer

regions have been observed for Roche 454 [43]; for this

reason mononucleotides sequences were excluded from

the analyses.

Microsatellite coverage and GC content were calculated for each species based on the full data set, using

SciRoKo [42]. Because only one representative of each

species was sequenced, the coverage of microsatellite

types for each species was bootstrapped using the boot

function in R [44], to assign a measure of confidence to

the coverage value. The subset of sequences with both

flanking regions was used to calculate microsatellite

length and repeat number. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

was performed to compare microsatellite lengths among

species using SPSS version 19.0 (IBM). Sequencing

methodologies varied between species for which whole

genomes are available (N. vectensis and H. magnipapillata: Sanger, A. digitifera: Roche 454GS-FLX and

Illumina Genome Analyser IIx) and those that were

sequenced in this study likely resulting in different

sequencing biases between these two data sets [45].

Thus, WGS and PGS data sets were tested for differences due to sequencing methodology and were only

combined when sequencing methodology did not influence the patterns.

For the phylogenetic analysis, COI sequences for

each species were downloaded from Genbank (Additional

file 1: Table S4), translated to proteins and aligned in

Geneious version 5.5.4 [46]. Bayesian phylogenies were

generated in Geneious with Mr. Bayes [47] using the

mixed amino acid model with gamma distributed

variation rates, a uniform branch length clock, and

MCMC settings of 4 heated chains for 1000000 generations. A maximum clade credibility tree was constructed in TreeAnnotator v 1.6.2 in the BEAST

package [48]. Regressions of the phylogeny and the

microsatellite relative abundance and length were performed with BayesTraits [49] using Model A and B,

and followed by a log likelihood test, to test for a relationship between phylogeny and microsatellite traits.

Species were grouped based on microsatellite abundances and microsatellite lengths using hierarchical

clustering in R, with the function hclust from the

pvclust package [21].

Availability of supporting data

Sequences are available at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive: SRX323262, SRX327567, SRX326898, SRX326897,

SRX326758, SRX326761, SRX327565, SRX323169.

COI alignment and phylogenetic tree available

from the Dryad Digital Repository: doi:10.5061/

dryad.4k5st.

Microsatellite search results for the cnidarian and

Symbiodinium species available from the Dryad Digital

Repository: doi:10.5061/dryad.4k5st.

Ruiz-Ramos and Baums BMC Genomics 2014, 15:939 Page 15 of 17

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/15/939

506
Additional files

Additional file 1: Supporting tables. Table S1: Proportion of

pentanucleotides motifs found in Cnidaria. Most abundant motifs in bold.

Table S2: Proportion of hexanucleotides motifs found in Cnidaria. Most

abundant motifs in bold. Table S3: Results from the BLASTx alignments

of Cnidarian sequences and Symbiodinium sequences. Table S4:

Accession numbers of the sequences (700 bp) used to construct the

Cytochrome Oxidase I genealogy. Table S5: Average microsatellite length

(average nucleotide length/microsatellite type) found in Cnidaria. Table

S6: Mann–Whitney Rank Sum Test between microsatellite cover (A) and

microsatellite length (B) of symbiotic and non-symbiotic Cnidarians.

Table S7: Mann–Whitney Rank Sum Test between microsatellite cover (A)

and microsatellite length (B) for species with fast or slow mitochondrial

evolution.

Additional file 2: Summary statistics.

Abbreviations

SSRs: Simple Sequence Repeats; WGS: Whole genome sequenced;

PGS: Partial genome sequenced.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

DVRR processed the samples, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript.

IBB conceived, designed and supervised the study, and helped to draft the

manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

We thank J Parkinson, N. Polato, C. R. Fisher and three anonymous reviewers for

their suggestions on the manuscript. M. Devlin-Durante and P. Casado helped

with sample preparation. N. Polato assisted with genome analysis and C. Prada

provided eggs from E. flexuosa. This work was supported by the Bureau of

Ocean Energy Management contract M08PC20038 to TDI Brooks with vessel

and submergence facilities support provided by National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research,

and the National Science Foundation (OCE – 0825979) to IB and an Alfred

P. Sloan Scholarship to DVRR. Funding was also provided by the Gulf of

Mexico Research Initiative funding to support the Ecosystem Impacts of Oil

and Gas Inputs to the Gulf (ECOGIG) consortium. This is ECOGIG contribution

number 303.

Received: 24 July 2013 Accepted: 16 October 2014

Published: 27 October 2014

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doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-939

Cite this article as: Ruiz-Ramos and Baums: Microsatellite abundance

across the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. BMC

Genomics 2014 15:939.

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APPENDIX E-1 INVESTIGATIONS OF MICROBIOLOGICALLY 

INFLUENCED CORROSION (MIC) OF SUBMERGED STEEL AND 

WOODEN SHIP WRECKS AND THE ROLE THAT BIO-CONCRETIONS 

PLAY IN THESE DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES 

 

509
510

INVESTIGATIONS OF MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED 

CORROSION (MIC) OF SUBMERGED STEEL AND WOODEN SHIP 

WRECKS AND THE ROLE THAT BIO-CONCRETIONS PLAY IN THESE 

DEGENERATIVE PROCESSES

Prepared by:

Roy Cullimore PhD Registered Microbiologist

Lori Johnston M.A.Sc

Droycon Bioconcepts Inc.

315 Dewdney Avenue,

Regina, Saskatchewan S4N 0E7

PH: (306) 585 1868

Email: drc@dbi.ca

Prepared for C & C Technologies, Inc.

March 16th 20

DROYCON BIOCONCEPTS INC.

315 Dewdney Avenue, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4N 0E7

(306) 585 1762 Fax: (306) 585 3000

www.dbi.ca
511

1 OBSERVATIONS OF THE GROWTH OF RUSTICLES

Rusticles have been found associated on many sunken ship wrecks where there are significant 

amounts of iron in the form of steel plates, boilers, engines and rivets (Cullimore and Johnston, 

2007). These have unique structures generated by ferric iron rich bioconcretions. Within these 

growths on steel ship wrecks there are at least five bacterial and one fungal community. The five 

bacterial communities are iron related (IRB-), sulfide related (SRB-), heterotrophically active 

(HAB-, bio-degraders), slime forming (SLYM-) and denitrifying (DN-) bacteria that can each be 

monitored using the biological active reaction test (BART) testers (Cullimore, 2011). These five 

communities commonly occupy different zones within the highly porous structures of the 

rusticle. In the outer walls of the rusticle, the dominant activity relates to fungal species. In these 

ferric rich bioconcretions there are two major products associable with the life cycle. These are 

the red dust particles and the yellow slime biocolloids that are periodically emitted from the 

concretion. These appear to be the major vehicles for colonisation of new sites. Red dust 

gravimetrically contains 20±5% iron and the yellow bio-colloid contains 8±5% as iron 

(Cullimore, Pellegrino and Johnston, 2001). Additionally, the rusticle itself matures into a senile 

state (spent) at which time the microbiological community populations fall dramatically and the 

structure take on the characteristics of pig iron (Cullimore and Johnston, 2008). 

2 MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS OBSERVED AT U-166

U-166 appears to be almost an anomaly in that while it is in close proximity to another wreck, 

Robert E Lee, it shows much less biological activity with a dominance of white rusticles rather 

than the more common brown rusticles. There is also a significant density of sea anemones 

found throughout the structures. Concretious dendritic growth (hanging type rusticles) is on a 

much reduced scale and there are sections of the ships stern that appears to be relatively clear of 

infestations. This submarine does appear to generate rusticles that have higher lead (possibly due 

to the diesel fuel), higher strontium and phosphorus (possible due to the stored munitions and 

flares that would have been carried on the submarine). It may be that these higher concentrations 

of strontium and lead are having an inhibitory effect on the rate of growth of the attached 

organisms. Inboard of the stern, this regions appears to still be virtually sealed which would 

have the effect of: (1) creating a very reductive condition due to the lack of oxygen; and (2) 

changes the nature of the challenges to the steel to those created by electrolytic corrosion 

commonly involving sulphate reducing bacteria and acidulysis caused by the creation of an 

acidic environment by the acid producing bacteria. Such a closeted reductive environment in the 

stern section is likely to cause lateral embrittlement and perforation of the steel. The rate at 

which this would occur would be very much dependent upon the organic loading and the levels 

of inorganic forms of sulphur. The outcome of such corrosive activities is likely to be cause 

perforation of the hull, entry of oxygen and a subsequent increase in the rate of biological 

activity.
512

Table 1-1

Gravimetric Elemental Analysis of a White Rusticle from U-166

Aluminum 90.724%

Sodium 5.137%

Zinc 1.553%

Calcium 0.737%

Magnesium 0.580%

Potassium 0.381%

Phosphorus 0.286%

Iron 0.236%

Chromium 0.083%

Boron 0.070%

Lead 0.058%

Strontium 0.046%

Barium 0.041%

Titanium 0.031%

Vanadium 0.012%

Copper 0.009%

Manganese 0.006%

Molybdenum 0.005%

Zirconium 0.003%

Cadmium 0.001%

Observations of the two testing apparatus (2010) were critical to the observed growth patterns at 

the bow and the stern platforms. The bow platform (Figure 2‒1) appeared to have significant 

grows of both the brown and some white rusticles. The brown rusticles appear on the top three 

coupons (low carbon steel with twisted and hammered, coupons 2 and 3 respectively). The 

largest growth appears to move from the embarrassed coupons (twisted and hammered) moving 

towards the control. The next two coupons, the wood, oak specifically, appear to have either 

fallen out or been removed though deterioration. If the wood coupons have fallen out, this would 

not be evident until the platform was moved which would be upon retrieval, however it is most 

likely that the coupons have been deteriorated to the point that they are completely removed or 

that they structures were no longer able to keep their place on the platform. Either way, when 

the platforms are retrieved a more reasonable assessment can be made. The next coupons are of 

higher carbon steel yet the following three appear to have more of the brown rusticle growth 

occurring on their surface in a plate like formation, whereas the next three coupons being 

aluminum have the white rusticle growth slowly spreading down to the base of the platform. It 

appears that the growth rate of the white rusticles is less than half of the brown rusticles, 

however this can be confirmed once the platforms are retrieved. The final coupons at the base of 

the platform look to very little growth on the exposed surface, however from experience, growth 

would likely be occurring on the underside of the coupon at a rapid rate. The environment would 
513

be slightly different on the underside and possible more conforming to growth on this type of 

coupon. This can be confirmed upon retrieval. 

Figure 2-1. Bow Test Platform, U-166 (2010).

The stern platform (Figure 2‒2) appears to have significantly less elevated growth on the top 

coupons than those seen on the bow platform. The first three coupons on the stern platform do 

have brown rusticle growth covering the surfaces; however it appears on a more even plate-like 

growth pattern. The following two coupons, oak wood in nature, again are not apparent in the 

platform. Evidence will indicate if they have fallen out or if the deterioration was significant that 

caused the coupon to lose structural integrity and been removed. The following three coupons, 

containing higher carbon steel, again show plate like growth patterns that cover the surfaces. It 

does not appear from the imagery that the depth of growth on any of the coupons is as significant 

as that found on the bow platform. The aluminum coupons appear to have the beginnings of 

white rusticle growth at the ends, possibly moving toward the center, however further imagery 

and/or retrieval will confirm this. The next coupon, mahogany in nature, appears to have either 

white rusticle debris or deterioration from worms or bivalves. The structural integrity appears to 

be stable. The final coupons appear to have little growth on the exposed surface, as well, growth 

below appears to be limited, however due to the image angle, and comments will be reserved 

until retrieval. 
514

Figure 2-2. Stern Test Platform, U166 (2010).

3 MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS OBSERVED IN COPPER ACCUMULATIONS IN 

WOODEN SHIP WRECKS 

In this investigation of wooden shipwrecks, the iron content would be limited to iron nails, bolts, 

and plates where these have been employed. For the steel built ships, the major components that 

biodeteriorate is the mild steel that make up the whole ship. Wooden ships on the other hand are 

built primarily of wood, which will biodeteriorate, but principally due to the microbiologically 

influenced decay of the woods. There are four organic groups involved in wood. These are 

cellulose, lignin, pectin, and resins. Soft woods contain higher cellulose content while harder 

woods contain more lignin, pectin, and resins. Microorganisms include groups that are able to 

degrade cellulose (cellulolytic), pectin (pectinolytic), and lignin (ligninolytic) while the resins 

tend to be less prone to biodegradation. To provide an acceptable operating life for wooden 

ships, it is usual to select harder woods such as oaks and northern pine that are less subject to 

microbiologically influenced decay. In the development of global exploration and trade, oak 

built ships became the accepted standard. Ships traveling through tropical waters were subject 

to wood-eating marine bivalves (Teredinidae) and other biofouling organisms (Turner 1966), 

however this study will focus on the microbial deterioration of sunken vessels. Historically, to 

prevent deterioration of wood ships, copper sheathing was used to protect the wooden hull below 

the water line. Copper sheathing was introduce in the British Royal Navy in the mid-eighteenth 

century and became common on merchant vessels by the nineteenth century. Muntz metal (60: 

40 of Cu: Zn), was introduced in 1832 and became the standard hull sheathing by the midnineteenth century (Lavery 2000). Wooden shipwrecks that show evidence of some form of 
515

copper cladding may be recognizable today since the wooden hull may still remain above the 

mud line while maintaining partial hull integrity were the copper is in contact with the wood. In 

the event of copper cladding, microscopic inspection of the wood should reveal copper bioaccumulation within the wood giving it the bluish-green characteristic colour. This investigation 

examines some of the microbiological factors that could lead to copper bioaccumulation in the 

wood and diagnose the copper or alloy used at the time. 

Two types of general underwater corrosion coupon instrument (GUCCI) were deployed on the 

designated wooden shipwreck (Figure 3‒1). There were two forms of the GUCCI manufactured: 

(1) steel shipwreck platform SW and (2) the wood ship wreck platform WW. These two 

platforms were designed specifically to evaluate microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) 

on steel shipwrecks (SW) and the rates of biodegradation of woods on wooden ship wrecks 

(WW). The formats for these two GUCCI platforms are defined on Table 3‒1 (SW) and Table 

3‒2 (WW) below. The objective in these experiments was to leave the platforms exposed under 

the natural conditions at the wreck site to determine which types of coupon were most 

embarrassed (or lost) due to bio-corrosive or bio-deteriorative events.

Figure 3-1. Wood – steel GUCCI version ready for deployment.
516

Table 3-1. Steel ship wreck platform (GUCCI SW)

Mild Steel 

TIER 1

Mild Steel 

Mild Steel -Welded

Mild Steel -Welded

Mild Steel -Bolt low grade Nut Up

Mild Steel -Bolt low grade Nut Down

Mild Steel -Painted Enamel White

Mild Steel -Painted Rust Resistant White

Tool Steel -Twist

Mild Steel -Twist TIER2

Oak

Oak -Twisted Cracked

Aluminum

Aluminum -Twist TIER3

Spruce

Spruce -Twisted Cracked

Table 3-2. Wood Wreck Platform (GUCCI WW)

Mild Steel 

Mild Steel 

Muntz Metal -Spruce on bottom

Muntz Metal -Oak on Top -Pine on Bottom TIER 1

Copper Electrolytic

Copper Electrolytic

Mild Steel -Painted Enamel White

Mild Steel -Painted Rust Resistant White

Oak -Painted

Oak -Varnish TIER 2

Oak -Oil

Oak -Copper Nail

Spruce -Painted

Spruce -Varnish TIER 3

Spruce -Oil

Spruce -Copper nail

There were also etching platforms deployed to determine microbiological activity on the proteins 

deployed as unexposed, but developed colour slide film. A typical etching platform is shown in 
517

Figure 3‒2. Here a length of unexposed, but developed 35mm colour slide film was wrapped 

(emulsion side out) around the outside of a 3” (outside diameter) clear polycarbonate tube. This 

film was now wrapped with three layers of Aida 11 textile to both protect the emulsion and allow 

microorganisms to penetrate the voids and interface directly with the film.

Figure 3-2. Angled view down on the etch platform showing the top of spiral of deployed 

film

Due to the nature of the expedition, time at site was limited, as well as time for deployment and 

recovery. At all wreck sites, one of the major tasks was to set the experiments out as soon as 

possible to give as much time at depth and on the wreck for reactions to occur. Normally 

etchings in the deep ocean environments take three to twelve days but there was limited over-site 

time. As times at various sites differed, the etchings were not able to react enough at depth to 

indicate any type of activity. Only one etch platform, which was recovered after 27 hours of 

exposure from the shipwreck site exhibited some evidence of etching (Figure 3‒3). Figure 3‒3

shows the only etching which was observed in 27 hours. Here there must have been a very high 

microbial population at the Green Lantern shipwreck site since that level of etching would imply 

active populations of one hundred million or more predicted active cells per mL. In this etching, 
518

there were a series of small clusters (resembling flowers) that were all at the same stage of 

forming. This would also support the premise that there was a very significant population of 

active proteolytic (protein digesting) microorganisms at that site. 

Figure 3-3. Microbiological etching formed on a deployed etch platform in twenty seven 

hours form the Green Lantern Shipwreck Site.

3.1ANALYSIS OF WOOD SAMPLE FROM THE EWING BANK WRECK SITE

In 2008, a small sample of wood was collected from the Ewing Bank site. Gravimetric analysis 

of the wood sampled from the Ewing Bank wreck site was submitted to Saskatchewan Research 

Council on October 31, 2008 and subjected to an ICP (AES) analysis. Table 3‒3 gives the 

analysis of each metal in micrograms/gram in descending order. Copper dominated the analytes 

with 64.1% of the detected metals. The dominance of copper was further substantiated by the 

DN-BART testing of a wood splinter taken from the sample. Here after the test was set up 

(Figure 3‒4) the DN-BART tester revealed a movement of suspected copper into the culture 

medium (Figure 3‒5). No such copper streaming upwards was seen in the IRB- (iron related) or 

SRB- (sulphate reducing) BART testers placed on either side. This would suggest that the types 

of bacteria active in the DN-BART tester was actually able to biocolloidally entrap copper salts 

within the suspended biomass and move that upwards in the tester culture medium column.
519

Table 3-3. Analysis of Ewings Bank Wood Sample using ICP (AES) 

element ug/g % analyte

copper 44,800.0 64.1%

sodium 8,400.0 12.0%

iron 7,360.0 10.5%

lead 2,590.0 3.7%

calcium 1,620.0 2.3%

magnesium 1,620.0 2.3%

aluminum 820.0 1.2%

phosphorus 790.0 1.1%

potassium 740.0 1.1%

zinc 640.0 0.9%

manganese 150.0 0.2%

arsenic 127.0 0.2%

barium 79.0 0.1%

strontium 28.0 0.0%

boron 26.0 0.0%

titanium 19.0 0.0%

vanadium 16.0 0.0%

nickel 14.0 0.0%

molybdenum 5.9 0.0%

chromium 2.8 0.0%

silver 2.8 0.0%

selenium 2.0 0.0%

cobalt 0.7 0.0%

zirconium 0.6 0.0%

cadmium 0.2 0.0%

beryllium 0.0 0.0%

Total 69,854.0 100.0%

Copper was found to dominate in the analyses with (3‒3) the ratio of Cu: Zn of 70: 1: Cu : Fe of 

6.1 : 1; and Cu : Pb of 17.3 : 1. The copper zinc ratio would imply that any sheathing of the 

wooden hull would have to have been of copper and not Muntz copper alloy. Had the sheathing 

been of the Muntz alloy then the Cu: Zn ratio would be expected to approach 1: 0.66 (Cu: Zn). 
520

Figure 3-4. Initial Movement of Blue Copper Salts in the DN-BART.

Note: all three BART testers received a sample of the wood as splinters from the Ewing Bank 

site; IRB-BART to the left and SRB-BART to the right showed diffusion of the culture medium 

from the base, but without any blue (copper?) diffusing up. In contrast the DN-BART tester was 

already beginning to show the diffusion of copper as a distinctive blue color from the wood.
521

Figure 3-5. Movement of Blue Copper Salts in the DN-BART after 24 hours.

Note: Blue copper salts can be seen in the DN-BART tester reaching half way up the culture 

medium column in the middle (DN-) tester. 

Copper was the dominant element in the wood detected and it appeared to have become 

mobilised by the denitrifying bacteria within the wood functioning in the DN-BART tester. The 

high content of copper (64% of the analyses, 3‒3) suggests that this mobilisation of copper 

through bacterial activities had been detectable using the DN-BART tester. This tester 

specifically detects those bacteria that are able, under reductive conditions, to reduce nitrate and 

nitrite to nitrogen gas. Further research is needed to determine whether this was a direct 

relationship or indirect. For a direct relationship to exist, the denitrifying bacteria would have to 

directly mobilise the copper from the wood into soluble forms. In the case of an indirect 

relationship, the highest probability would be that the denitrifiers were present at the oxidativereductive potential (ORP) interface just on the reductive side where the reduction of the nitrate 

and nitrite would occur. In this event, there would also be acid producing bacteria reducing 

organics with the daughter products being dominated by fatty acids. These fatty acids would 

lower the pH into the range of 3.5 to 5.5 (Budinski 1996), which could then trigger the 

solubilisation of the copper. Zong et al (2004) found close linkages between pH drops from 8.0 

to 4.0 involving the forms of nitrogen. Budinski (1996) examine the impact of pH on copper and 

found that the dissolution occurred over the pH range from 9.0 going down to 1.0 
522

In this sample, it would appear that the copper to zinc ratio did not indicate the presence of 

Muntz copper (Cu: Zn ratio of 1: 0.66), but could be the product of the biodeterioration of copper 

cladding used to protect the wooden hull from fouling. The copper ratio for the 2008 sample 

tested was far too low to be considered to have involved a Muntz cladding that had 

biodeteriorated, but could be from a copper cladding of the hull. Iron had a much more 

significant ratio (Cu: Fe 1: 0.16) suggesting that location on the ship had a significant iron 

content or that the ship had settled into an iron rich environment. Copper: lead ratio was 1: 

0.058, which could indicate that there had been some lead (possibly plumbing, armaments, 

counterweights, etc.) on the ship. 

Table 3-4 Ratios of Zinc, Iron and Lead to Copper in the Ewings Bank 2008 Wood 

Sample 

Ratio Cu: XX ratio as 1: XX

Copper/Zinc 1: 0.014

Copper/Iron 1: 0.16

Copper/Lead 1: 0.058

Other ratios of environmental interest are sodium: potassium (Na: K); calcium: magnesium (Ca: 

Mg); and iron: manganese (Fe: Mn). These ratios are listed in Table Five. Here the calcium to 

magnesium was at parity while potassium was gravimetrically 9% of sodium. Iron dominated 

over manganese (2%).

Table 3-5. Ratios of Sodium/Potassium, Calcium/Magnesium, and Iron/Manganese in 

the 2008 Wood Sample

Compared Elements Ratio 1: XX

Sodium/Potassium Na: K 1: 0.088

Calcium/Magnesium Ca: Mg 1: 1.000

Iron/Manganese Fe: Mn 1:0.020

3.2ANALYSIS OF COPPER/COPPER ALLOY SAMPLES FROM THE WOODEN 

SHIPWRECK SITES

Five copper/copper alloy samples collected in 2009 from the wooden shipwreck sites were 

analyzed specifically for the Cu: Zn ratio which, for Muntz copper alloy, would be 1: 0.66. Of

the five samples (Table Six), two (Viosca Knoll and sheathing from the Ewing Bank) both gave 

ratios of 1: 0.59 indicating the presence of Muntz copper alloy. The other three samples tested 

gave lower zinc ratios although the 7000 wreck site at 1: 0.12 may have been indicating some 

presence of that alloy. 
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Table 3-6. Cu: Zn ratios in samples taken during the 2009 expedition

sample description SRC# Copper ug/g Zinc ug/g Cu: Zn ratio

7000 Wreck 51343 92,500 11,100 1: 0.12

Viosca Knoll 31344 418,000 248,000 1: 0.59

*Green Lantern 

copper chips 31345 351,000 1,370 1: 0.0039

Copper wood 

solids 31346 122,000 420 1: 0.0034

copper sheathing 

Ewing Bank 31347 391,000 230,000 1: 0.59

Note: SRC # refers to the specific number for the test performed; EB is the Ewing Bank wreck 

site. 

* Sample from the Green Lantern Site was from the recovered lantern and not the sheathing.

Plates 13 to 16 display the time lapse images taken of duplicate DN- BART testers, which had 

been charged with 1.5±0.26 of sample and made up to 15mL with sterile seawater salt (4%). 

Time intervals were one hour (Plate 13), twenty-three hours (Plate 14), one hundred and sixty-six 

hours (Plate 15), and four hundred hours (Plate 16). Copper (blue colour) began to significantly 

diffuse into the water by twenty-three hours but only in the DN- testers indicating that this 

activity was specific to the denitrifying bacteria that had been naturally present in all samples. 
524

Figure 3-6. Denitrifying bacterial activity using DN- testers to examine the potential for 

copper extraction of the samples after one hour of incubation at room 

temperature

Figure 3-7. Denitrifying bacterial activity using DN- testers to examine the potential for 

copper extraction of the samples after twenty-three hours of incubation at room 

temperature
525

Figure 3-8. Denitrifying bacterial activity using DN- testers to examine the potential for 

copper extraction of the samples after one hundred and sixty-six hours of 

incubation at room temperature

Figure 3-9. Denitrifying bacterial activity using DN- testers to examine the potential for 

copper extraction of the samples after four hundred hours of incubation at room 

temperature
526

After four hundred hours (Plate sixteen), it was found that the green lantern (upper right) and the 

Ewing Bank sheathing had gone to a blackish blue while the copper wood sample stayed a clear 

blue. Both the Viosca Knoll and the 7000-Foot Wreck site samples were very dark blue. From 

Table Six, these colours could not be directly related to the Cu: Zn ratios recorded for these 

samples and that some other (undetermined) factor might be playing a significant role. 

The next phase of the investigation was to conduct laboratory examinations of the interaction 

between copper or Muntz copper alloy and soft (spruce) and hard (oak) wood samples. For this 

investigation, 1/16” copper sheets were used and tightly strapped (using plastic self-locking ties) 

onto wood coupons cut to 6” x 1” x 1⁄2”. These were placed laterally in an aquarium filled with 

4% seawater with the coupon raised 2” above the floor. No attempts were made to inoculate the 

water and it was left to the natural microflora to react with the coupons. Plate seventeen shows a 

side view of one of the six coupons. Three had the copper deployed on the topside while the 

other three were deployed on the underside. This test lasted for six months with the aquarium 

being topped up periodically and full times aeration using an aquarium pump. 

Figure 3-10. Side view of spruce coupon with copper placed tightly to the top side of the 

wood after six months of incubation.
527

Over six months of incubation, it was noted that copper sheet, which had been tightly attached to 

the wood, had buckled away from the wood. At the same time, copper-rich (blue) deposits were 

observed to have formed on the wood and copper interfaces. The buckling phenomenon may be 

associable with the generation of a reductive environment at the wood-copper interface. Under 

these conditions, there are likely fermentative activities associable with anaerobic bacteria 

relating to the drop in pH (leading to solubilisation and weakening of the copper) and then the 

generation of gases that would then apply pressure to the copper-wood interface. 

Figure 3-11. Side view of oak coupon with copper placed tightly to the top side of the 

wood after six months of incubation.

Similar results of buckling are seen with the oak coupons. The tightly attached copper sheathing 

would buckle away leaving copper rich deposits between the interface. Exceptions here were 

that the spruce (Plate Seventeen) showed signs of copper daughter products entering the porous 

wood spaces. For the oak (Plate Eighteen), there was no evidence of this mass attachment of 

copper to the wood. 
528

4 REFERENCES 

Charles Pellegrino, Denis Roy Cullimore, Mark Neumann and Lori Johnston (2007) Method and 

apparatus for production and refinement of microbial consortia for the generation of 

selective chemical agents submitted to the U.S. patent Office.

Church, R. Warren, D. Cullimore, R. Johnston, L. Schroeder, W. Patterson, W. Shirley, T. 

Kilgour, M. Morris, N. and J. Moore (2007) Archeological and Biological Analysis of 

World War II Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico, Artificial Reef Effect in Deep Water, 

U.S. Department of the Interior, Mineral Management Services, Gulf of Mexico OCS 

Region, New Orleans. 373 pp. 

Cullimore, D. R. (2011) Standard Methods for the Application of BART Testers. www.dbi.ca

Cullimore, D. Roy (2007) Preliminary Comparison of the Applicability of the HAB-BART 

system and the Agar Spreadplate Methods for the Quantification of Bacterial Populations 

in Selected Dilutions of Pure Cultures of Three Bacterial species. Journal of 

Environmental Micropaleontology, Microbiology, and Meiobenthology

Cullimore, D. Roy and L. A. Johnston (2005) “Preliminary observation on the microbial 

synthesis of ice”. Journal of Environmental Micropaleontology, Microbiology, and 

Meiobenthology 5 113 – 125 

Cullimore, D. R. (2010) “Practical Atlas for Bacterial Identification, second edition” CRC Press 

LLC, Boca Raton FL 295 pages.

Cullimore, D. Roy and Johnston, Lori (2007) “Rusticles on the RMS Titanic” JMBA published 

in Global Marine Environment May 2007, 10 - 12. 

Cullimore, D.R, Pellegrino, C and Lori Johnston (2001) RMS Titanic and the Emergence of New 

Concepts on Consortial Nature of Microbial Events; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 

173:,117 – 141

Cullimore, D.R. and Lori Johnston (2008) “Microbiology of Concretions, Sediments and 

Mechanisms Influencing the Preservation of Submerged Archaeological Submerged 

Archaeological Artefacts” Int J Histor. Archeol 12(2) 120 - 132 

Cullimore, D.R. and Lori Johnston, 1999. The Fate of the Iron: More Lessons from the Titanic 

Tragedy. Maritime Reporter and Engineering News, August Edition, 20 & 66pp. 

Cullimore, D.R. and Lori Johnston, 2000. Biodeterioration of the RMS Titanic. Canadian 

Chemical News/ L’Actualite Chimique Canadienne (ACCN), Ottawa, Ontario, 52 (10) 14 

– 15
529

Cullimore, D.R. and Lori Johnston. 2000. The Impact of Bioconcretious Structures (Rusticles) 

on the RMS Titanic: Implications to Maritime Steel Structures. Proceedings of the 2000 

Annual Meeting of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Vancouver, 

Canada, 9-1 to 9-16pp.

Cullimore, D. R., and McCann, A. E. (1978) The Identification, Cultivation and Control of Iron 

Bacteria in Ground Water, Publ. In Aquatic Microbiology (ed., Skinner, F.A. and J. M. 

Shewan), Academic Press, New York, p. 219 - 261.

Kenneth G. Budinski, " Engineering MATERIALS PROPERTIES AND SELECTION " , Fifth 

edition , Prentice-Hall Inc, 1996, p.573-581 copper

Kunitsky Craig, Osterhout Gerard, and Myron Sasser. (2006) Identification of microorganisms 

using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and the MIDI SHERLOCK microbial 

identification system published in (Miller, M. J. editor) Encyclopaedia of Rapid 

Microbiological Methods, Volume 1, pages 1 to 17, ISBN 1-930114-85-0 published by 

PDA Publications, Bethesda MD

Lavery, Brian. 2000. The arming and fitting of English ships of war 1600-1815. Annapolis, 

MD: Naval Institute Press.

Little Brenda J, and Jason S. Lee. (2007) Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 272 pages

Wiley series on corrosion ISBN-10: 047011245X published by John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Nelson, K.Y., B. Razban, D.W. McMartin, D.R. Cullimore, T. Ono, P.D. Kiely. 2010. A rapid 

methodology using fatty acid methyl esters to profile bacterial community structures in 

microbial fuel cells. Journal of Bioelectrochemistry 78, 80-86.

Pellegrino, C. and Cullimore, D.R. (1997) The Rebirth of the RMS Titanic, A study of the bioarchaeology of a physically disrupted sunken vessel. Voyage 25, p. 39 - 46.

Turner, R.D. 1966. A survey and illustrated catalogue of the Teredinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). 

Cambridge: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.

Vinebrooke, R. D. and R. Cullimore (1998) “Natural Organic Matter and the Bound Water 

Concept in Aquatic Ecosystems” Rev. Environ. Contamination and Toxicology, 155, 

111-127. 

Zong, H.S. Ping Zhou, Zheng-Zhong Shao, Shi-Ming Chen, Xin Chen, Bing-Wen Hu, Feng 

Deng, and Wen-Hua Yao (2004) Effect of pH and Copper(II) on the Conformation 

Transitions of Silk Fibroin Based on EPR, NMR, and Raman Spectroscopy Biochemistry, 

43 (38), pp 11932–11941
APPENDIX E-2 CONSERVATION OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE 

LOPHELIA II EXPEDITION 

 

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CONSERVATION OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE LOPHELIA II 

EXPEDITION: “DEEPWATER PROGRAM: EXPLORATION AND 

RESEARCH OF NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO DEEPWATER 

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL HARD BOTTOM HABITATS WITH 

EMPHASIS ON CORAL COMMUNITIES: REEFS, RIGS, AND WRECKS 

"LOPHELIA II"

by

Andrew Marr and Norine Carroll

Principal Investigators Greg Cook and John R. Bratten 

Submitted to C & C Technologies, Inc. 

Report of Investigations No. 180

Archaeology Institute

University of West Florida

Pensacola, Florida

October 31, 2011

531
1 INTRODUCTION 

The Lophelia II expedition into the Gulf of Mexico took place in September of 2009 and 

explored deep water shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. University of West Florida Archaeology 

Institute/Conservation Lab (UWF) was sub-contracted by C & C Technologies, Inc. (C & C) to 

perform the conservation and possible historical research on any artifacts recovered from 

shipwrecks located during the expedition. Graduate student Jacob Shidner was given the 

opportunity to be a part of the expedition, and oversaw the recovery of artifacts from four deep 

water shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. Artifacts were recovered from shipwrecks titled: 

Shipwreck #373 – “Green Lantern Wreck”, Shipwreck # 15303 “Viosca Knolls”, Shipwreck # 

15373 “7,000FT. Wreck,” and Shipwreck # 15401 “Ewing Bank”. All recovered artifacts were 

brought back to the UWF conservation lab, with the exception of a ballast stone from “Ewing 

Bank” that was sent elsewhere for analysis. The conservation of the artifacts was performed by 

Jacob as well as several UWF Underwater Archaeology graduate students specializing in 

archaeological conservation. Graduate student Andrew Marr completed the conservation work 

and compiled the final conservation information and photographs for the report when Jacob 

moved out of state. Both individual and composite artifacts of varying material types were 

treated with a variety of conservation treatments. Additional database information, XRF data, 

and photographs are included in separate Appendices. 

Each artifact was documented and photographed prior to conservation. Artifacts were measured, 

weighed, drawn and photographed, and chosen artifacts were more thoroughly illustrated. 

Specific artifacts or artifact components with maker’s marks or diagnostic surface features were 

chosen to be illustrated so they could be better represented for interpretation. Illustrations also 

allowed conservation students at UWF the opportunity to hone their drawing skills on a variety 

of artifacts and material types. 

All artifacts recovered from the Gulf of Mexico’s salt water environment began conservation 

with desalination in fresh water. Chlorides must be removed by soaking the artifact in several 

tap water baths until the chlorides have been lowered to an acceptable level, ideally below 100 

parts per million. Once the chlorides have been removed, the remainder of the conservation 

process depends on the type of artifact. 

Many cuprous artifacts required only a simple cleaning, followed by application of a sealant. 

Wooden artifacts required cleaning and bulking, normally in a solution of Acetone-Rosin or 

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Other artifacts required repairs, like the glass lenses that had split in 

half. All the artifacts are now in stable condition. 

While some of the artifacts were more challenging to conserve than others, the final results speak 

for themselves. In addition to the conservation treatments, the illustrations presented a fun and 

interesting challenge and allowed archaeological undergraduate and graduate students to 

practicing their skills with artifact illustration. Should there be any questions regarding the 

artifacts, the treatments used, or this report, please feel free to contact John Bratten or Norine 

Carroll at the University of West Florida.

532
2 SITE # 15303 - VIOSCA KNOLLS

2.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15303.C.001

2.1.1 SALT GLAZED STONEWARE WATER FILTER

Dimensions: 

Diameter: 21cm 

Height: 15cm 

Thickness: 2cm 

Weight: 2851g 

2.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation):

The ceramic water filter is tan colored and round, with two indented rings that wrap around its 

circumference. The majority of the surface is covered in stains. Only one side of the artifact has 

any details on it, above and to the side of the spout located on the objects lower half. On both 

sides of the spout is a decorative relief in the shape of a fern leaf. Above the spout is a curved 

embossed emblem that says “Manchester,” with the edges curving around the spout. Above the 

label, though not curved down, is another embossed emblem with “Corporation St” written 

inside it. Above and parallel to that emblem is another emblem that says “Water filter,” though 

unlike the others, this emblem has decorative ends that curl up. To either side of this emblem two 

decorative designs made up of a series of curls and leaf designs sit in relief, their shapes cut off 

at the top of the artifact where the filter has cracked. 

2.1.1.2 Conservation: 

Conservation on the water filter began on September 14th, 2009. The first step in conserving the 

water filter was to remove all of the sediment that had accumulated within. Half of the sediment 

was removed and saved as a sample for later testing if needed; the other half was screened 

through a set of three copper stacking screens with the largest size being 2mm, the middle 1mm, 

and the smallest being 0.5 mm. 

The screened sediment was examined under a microscope, where it was determined that the 

makeup of the sediment consisted of small pebbles of various size, shape, and color. Also 

contained in the mix are small fragments of wood and marine life. This was to be expected 

considering the surrounding environment from where the filter was collected. 

The filter was then placed in tap water, so as to begin the desalination process. The salinity of the 

object was tested and chlorides were calculated at 1189 ppm, so long term desalination was 

necessary. It was left to desalinate for over two months, as porous objects absorb more chlorides, 

and thus it takes longer to remove those chlorides. On November 24th the filter was placed in deionized water, and left there for two weeks. Chlorides were determined to be at 157.3 ppm at this 

point, which was a significant improvement. On December 8th it was removed and left to dry. 

The artifact was scrubbed with a tooth brush, using a combination of H20 and Hydrogen 

peroxide, to remove any stains on the object. Intensive cleaning over a 30 day period removed 

the majority of the stains, and it was determined that a softer scrubbing method, using a sponge 

533
and hydrogen peroxide, would work in removing the remaining stains. In February 2010, the 

artifact went through a final phase of cleaning using Q-tips and 5% EDTA solution. 

The artifact is now restored to its tan and white original color. The writing is clearly visible and 

legible, and the decorative artwork surrounding its lid and sides is no longer hidden under 

sediment and stains. While the object is stable, care should be shown when transporting and 

carrying it, as it is heavy and would shatter if dropped. 

2.1.1.3 Discovery of the Filters’ Water Spout 

2.1.1.3.1 Artifact # MMS09.15303.C.001

After the filter was finished, work began on conserving other artifacts from the expedition. 

According to the field records, a concreted object was found inside of the copper lantern from 

the Green Lantern Wreck Site (C & C TECHNOLOGIES MMS09.373.CO.001). The artifact 

was completely concreted, although some details from the original object were still visible. At 

the center of the artifact a screw thread wrapped around its entire circumference. One end of the 

artifact was rounded and oval-shaped, while the other is flat and squared off. A hollow tube-like 

structure jutted out from the center of the artifact. 

The concretion was deemed too delicate to try and remove or examine in further detail, so it was 

determined that it should be consolidated in 15% Acryloid B-72 and left to dry. This would 

ensure that the artifact would not fall apart and would be stable for any further examination and 

display. 

Though the artifact was originally associated with the lantern, as it was both recorded and 

photographed along with other artifacts from that site, it was discovered shortly after it was 

conserved that the concreted object was, in fact, the water filter’s spout. At what point it had 

been separated from the filter is unclear. Nevertheless the spout, which was originally named 

Artifact # MMS09.373.CO.001, is now named Artifact # MMS09.15303.C.001. The spout was 

then glued back onto the water filter with West Systems 105 epoxy, with a 205 hardener. 

534
Figure 2-1. The Viosca Knoll Wreck water filter pre-treatment (top view).

535
Figure 2-2. The Ewing Bank water filter pre-treatment (front view).

Figure 2-3. The Ewing Bank water filter post-treatment (top view).

536
Figure 2-4. The Ewing Bank water filter pre-treatment (front view).

537
Figure 2-5. An archaeological sketch of the water filter recovered from the Viosca Knoll 

Wreck.

538
Figure 2-6. Spout from the Viosca Knoll Wreck water filter pre-treatment.

539
Figure 2-7. Spout from the Viosca Knoll Wreck water filter post-treatment.

540
Figure 2-8. Archaeological sketch of spout from the Viosca Knoll Wreck water filter.

541
3 SITE # 15303 - VIOSCA KNOLLS

3.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15303.M.002 

3.1.1 COPPER SHEATHING

Length: 44.5cm 

Dimensions:

 Width: 11.5cm 

 Thickness: .02cm 

3.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation):

This sheathing is a single strip, very thin, with a series of four tack holes along the length of one 

side, two in the center, and various rips and tears along all edges of the object. The object is 

colored black and green. 

3.1.1.2 Conservation:

This artifact came to the lab with a thin layer of growth on it and major discoloration around its 

edges. It was clearly a flat, thin piece of metal, and the discoloration and lack of any major 

growth made it apparent that this was some sort of cuprous metal. A series of tack holes are 

spaced around the edges of the metal, as well as two placed at the center of the sheet. 

On September 14th, 2009, the object was placed in tap water, to begin the process of desalinating 

it. Over a series of months, the object was hand washed, scrubbed with a toothbrush and baking 

soda, and then placed in a fresh tub of tap water. 

Attention was given to the other C & C artifacts that were a higher priority (due to status, size, or 

complexity), and the copper sheathing was deemed stable enough to postpone conservation until 

the other objects were finished. It was removed from desalination and placed in an electrolysis 

tank on the 16th of October, 2010. The object was left in electrolysis until November 29th, when 

it seemed that the majority of the dark film and growth had been removed. The artifact was then 

rinsed, and scrubbed once again with baking soda and toothbrushes. 

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of other metals might be present 

in the sheathing. By aiming the device at the metal for a duration of sixty seconds per each hit, it 

was determined that the metal had:

65.57% Copper (+/- 0.2%) 

28.61% Zinc (+/- 0.13%) 

2.68% Lead (+/- 0.07%) 

1.95% Iron (+/- 0.03%) 

1.09 Tin (+/- 0.03%) 

0.06% Nickel (+/- 0.01%) 

0.04% Niobium 

542
The analysis indicates that the sheathing is in fact Muntz metal. Muntz metal is normally about 

60% copper and 40% zinc, with trace amounts of iron. While it is not exactly 60/40, the metal 

seems close enough to Muntz metal based on the XRF analysis. This sheathing could have 

imbued trace amounts of the surrounding metals during its stay on the sea floor. 

The artifact is now stable, though it is light and should not be folded or bent. The objects’ 

original bronze-color did not reappear after the electrolysis and the cleaning, though specific 

details on the artifacts surface, like folds and creases, were visible after treatment. 

Figure 3-1. A piece of copper sheathing from the Viosca Knoll Wreck pre-treament.

543
Figure 3-2. A piece of copper sheathing from the Viosca Knoll Wreck post-treament.

544
Figure 3-3. Archaeological sketch of a piece of copper sheathing from the Viosca Knoll 

Wreck.

545
4 SITE # 15373 - 7,000 FOOT WRECK

4.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15373.CO.001

4.1.1 COMPASS

Diameter: 21cm 

Dimensions: 

Thickness: 5cm

 Weight: 2851g 

4.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation): 

The compass is a circular card compass with an outer ring attached at two opposite points, a 

glass cover on the face, and a hollow center filled with liquid and the compass card. The outer 

circle of the compass rotates around the main body of the compass itself, and has two prongs that 

stick out from opposite sides. The compass itself is essentially a shell containing the moving 

parts. Running around the underside of the main casing are 16 corroded screws. The compass is a 

composite artifact, with an outer casing made of copper, an inner-section filled with alcohol, and 

a compass card made of paper glued to a thin piece of metal. The object is stable in its preconserved state, with little more than some discoloration and oxidation on its outer surface. It has 

small amounts of grime and small deposits of sand stuck at the corners of its moving parts. 

Visible in a circular arrangement in the center of the compass back is the compass maker’s name 

and city of manufacture: “D. Baker” and “Boston”. A patent date of Nov. 3, 1874 is also listed,as 

well as the date “June 1, 1875”, which may be the manufacture date for this particular compass. 

Two serial numbers reading “3883” are stamped into the outside of the compass. An uppercase 

“N,” which appears to be hand etched, is visible on the back of the circular metal ring that the 

compass card is attached to. Attached by glue to this metal ring are three parallel bar magnets. 

The center bar magnet contains a brass pivot cap where the pivot would rest, allowing the 

compass to turn. The front of the compass card displays the cardinal points and degrees. 

The compass was recovered with a heavy, metal object shaped like a bowl on top of a lead base. 

The base is a round disc covered by what appears to be brushed copper. Attached to its top is a 

bowl shaped thin piece of metal. The artifact has green and gray corrosion on its surface, and its 

bowl-section is badly degraded and tarnished. This object was secured under the compass, 

making it so that the compass face was always pointed up and never upside down in bad weather. 

4.1.1.2 Conservation:

Conservation of the artifact began by first removing the sand and grime that had 

collected around the objects hinges. A metal pick was used to remove the majority of the 

sediment, and a water pick removed the remaining material. Shortly after this the outer hinge 

was once again able to rotate on its axis. 

Further treatment could not commence until the fluid from inside the compass was 

identified. Without knowing the state of the glass protecting the compass card and what kind of 

liquid was inside the compass itself, it would be difficult to determine what kind of treatment 

would be safe for the artifact. It was determined that the best course of action was to remove the 

liquid from the compass to determine what it was, and then work on cleaning the compass. 

Work began on cleaning the area around the screws so as to expose them. Seven of the screws 

546
were able to be removed with a screwdriver; the others had to be cleaned with 5% citric acid 

solution before being removed. Once the top of the compass was removed the liquid inside was 

identified as alcohol, and collected. The rest of the compass was dismantled, the glass and 

compass card removed, and the inside was covered to prevent any damage while exposed. The 

glass was then scrubbed with 5% citric acid to remove any small amounts of debris that had 

gathered under it. Upon disassembly of the compass, it was discovered that an uppercase “N” is 

hand etched into the back of the compass dial. The significance of this “N” is currently 

undetermined. 

The artifact was reassembled, and scrubbed using rough sponges, citric acid, tooth brushes, and 

dental picks. Removing the oxidation took roughly three months. The objects bronze-golden 

color eventually began to appear, and further scrubbing returned the object to its original 

appearance. Small pockets of corrosion have formed on the surface of the object, but beyond 

surface damage the compass is in stable condition. The liquid from the center of the compass 

was left out once the compass was reassembled, as we did not know what affect the liquid 

would have on the paper compass card after it had already been dried. The compass and ring 

were sprayed with 3 coats of Krylon, a protective coating that will help to prevent further 

oxidation. 

The compass mount was scrubbed with baking soda and a wire brush. The corroded and split 

pieces of the upper bowl were reattached to the base using 20% Acryloid B72. The artifact was 

then sprayed with Krylon, and is now considered stable. 

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of other metals might be present 

in the compass. By aiming the device at the metal for a duration of sixty seconds, it was 

determined that the compass was:

81.58% Copper (+/- 0.2%) 

8.81% Tungsten (+/- 0.06%) 

5.48% Zinc (+/- 0.06%) 

2.98% Lead (+/- 0.07%) 

1.15% Iron (+/- 0.03%) 

The outer ring of the compass was also tested, as it is possible that this was made of a different 

metal. The readings were as follows:

77.80% Copper (+/- 0.22%) 

9.79% Tungsten (+/- 0.06%) 

6.40% Zinc (+/- 0.07%) 

5.88% Lead (+/- 0.01%) 

0.13% Iron (+/- 0.02%) 

There is a significant difference between the compass itself and its’ outer ring. The outer ring

seems to have less copper and more tungsten and zinc and iron than the body of the compass 

itself. This could be due to the fact that the outer ring had to be sturdier and stronger to support 

the weight of the compass. Or the ring could have been made from a different shipment of 

copper, and the smelting and molding process introduced a larger amount of other metals. The 

differences in percentages are minimal though, and perhaps unintentional. 

547
The artifact is now stable. The outer ring rotates freely around the compass itself, and there is 

no risk of it becoming detached or falling off. The object is heavy, has a bronze/gold color, and 

is ready to be displayed. 

Figure 4-1. The compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, pre-treatment.

548
Figure 4-2. Serial numbers on the compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, pre-treatment.

Figure 4-3. The compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, post-treatment.

549
Figure 4-4. Serial numbers on the compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, post-treatment.

550
Figure 4-5. The mount for the compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, pre-treatment

Figure 4-6. The mount for the compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, post-treatment.

551
Figure 4-7. The base of the compass from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 4-8. The interior of the compass base from the 7,000 Foot Wreck.

552
Figure 4-9. The compass card from the compass recovered from the 7,000 Foot Wreck.

553
5 SITE # 15373 - 7,000 FOOT WRECK

5.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15373.M.002 

5.1.1 METAL SHEATHING & WOOD 

 Count: 3 Pieces 

Dimensions: 

Table 5-1. Dimensions of Sheathing and Wood Pieces

Piece 1: Piece 2: Piece 3:

Length: 

29cm

Length: 

22cm

Length: 

18.5cm

Width: 

18cm

Width: 

9.5cm

Width: 

7cm

Thickness: 

3cm

Thickness: 

3cm

Thickness: 

3cm

Weight: 

203.5g

Weight: 

182.6g

Weight: 

112.7g

5.1.1.1 Description (Before Conservation): 

While there are three pieces to this one artifact, there is enough similarity between them to 

assume that they are from the same section of the vessel. Each piece has a small section of 

cuprous sheet metal nailed to it. The wood is flat on the external side, yet the opposite side is 

riddled with damage from marine organisms. Many Teredo Navalis tubes were pulled from the 

artifacts before conservation. The wood is thin in parts, thick in others. The wood is colored 

green and black, presumably stains from the oxidation that occurred to the cuprous sheathing 

during its time underwater. The wood is soft and spongy, and flakes at the slightest touch. A 

series of cuprous metal tacks line the corners of the sheathing. 

5.1.1.2 Conservation:

The first step to conserving the artifact was to remove the metal sheathing covering the wood, so 

that we could treat each material separately. The sheathing was removed using a screwdriver, a 

chisel and a pair of pliers. Most of the tacks were removable, however many stayed in the wood 

itself. It was impossible to remove the tacks further, as they were buried in the wood and 

retrieval would have required damaging the wood. The metal sheathing was then rinsed, cleaned 

using a toothbrush, and then submerged and stored in tap water. The exterior of the metal that 

had been exposed to the elements was flaky, chipped at the slightest touch, and had a brownishgreen color. The interior side that butted against the wood, however, was shiny, golden-colored, 

and was solid and hard to the touch. 

The wood itself was a light brown under the metal, indicating that it had been well protected by 

the sheathing; while the rest of its exposed surface was a dark brownish green color. 

Conservation of the wood required a technique that could consolidate the wood while at the same 

time not damage the tacks that had stayed buried. The best solution was to treat the wood using a 

bulking agent called Acetone Rosin, a treatment that would remove all water from the wood 

554
using acetone while at the same time bulking the wood’s cells using natural tree resin. A 68% 

Acetone-Rosin solution was created for this treatment. Using a technique that utilizes pressure 

similar to treat wood, an ingenious system designed by my fellow conservator Tim Holmes, the 

wood was submerged in the Acetone-Rosin solution, placed inside a pressure chamber, and left 

there at a pressure of 65psi for two weeks. Once removed, the wood was left to dry for 5 days. 

This treatment essentially cuts down conservation time from about 2 months to 2 weeks. After 5 

days of exposure to air, the wood was perfectly preserved and felt sturdy, strong and stable. 

The treated wood is now stable. The cuprous metal was dried out and sprayed with 3 coats of 

Krylon to prevent further corrosion while being exposed to air. The metal and wood were kept 

separate, not reassembled, because after the sheathing was removed I didn’t want to risk putting 

the tacks back in again. The object can now be safely put on display. 

5.1.1.3 Further Analysis: 

A sample of the wood was examined by Dr. Amy Mitchell-Cook, underwater archaeologist and 

history professor at UWF who specializes in wood identification. She determined that the 

wooden planks beneath the sheathing were either white or red oak, due to the strong, single rays 

running out from the center/ heart of the wood. 

Figure 5-1. A sample of sheathing and wood from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, pre-treatment.

555
Figure 5-2. A sample of sheathing and wood from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 5-3. A sample of wood from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, pre-treatment.

556
Figure 5-4. A sample of sheathing from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, pre-treatment.

Figure 5-5. Sheathing from the 7,000 Foot Wreck, post-treatment.

557
Figure 5-6. Archaeological sketch of metal sheathing and wood recovered from the 7,000 

Foot Wreck.

558
6 SITE # 15373 – 7,000 FOOT WRECK

6.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15373.M.003 

6.1.1 WOOD WITH CALCAREOUS MARINE GROWTH

Object consisted of eight small fragments of wood and calcareous marine growth. During 

recovery object was thought to contain copper sheathing. No copper sheathing is present in the 

below photograph taken in September, 2009. It is believed that it was determined that wood 

should be discarded. 

Figure 6-1. Wood sample taken from 7,000 Foot Wreck. 

559
7 SITE # 15401 - EWING BANK

7.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15401.C.001

7.1.1 CERAMIC CUP

 Length: 9.76cm 

Dimensions:

 Width: 9.76cm 

 Thickness: .92cm 

7.1.1.1 Description: 

The ceramic cup is a solid, stable artifact, with a white paste and glaze. The lead based glaze is in 

good condition, and have no chips. It has significant stains on its surface, presumably where it 

had rested on the sea floor. It is round in shape, with a wide top that tapers slightly towards its 

base. Only about 2/3 of the artifact is present, the rest has broken off. There is a relief of a face 

on one side of the cup that comes out about half an inch from the side. The face seems to be 

solemn, looking down with what appears to be a scarf on its head. 

7.1.1.2 Conservation:

The ceramic cup was fairly stable when it came to the lab. The only real work that needed to be 

done was to remove the stains that had accumulated on its outer surface. The artifact was placed 

in tap water. It was removed and scrubbed for a series of days with 5% oxalic acid, 3% 

hydrochloric acid, and rinsed in a series of fresh water baths. With each series of acidic 

treatments the stain began to fade. The artifact finally showed no signs of any stains, and was 

placed in DI water. On September 09 the artifact was set out to dry. 

The ceramic cup now has no stains, and the objects surface is completely white. The object is 

stable, and is ready to be put on display. 

560
Figure 7-1. Ceramic cup recovered from the Ewing Bank Wreck, pre-treatment.

Figure 7-2. Ceramic cup recovered from the Ewing Bank Wreck, pre-treatment.

561
Figure 7-3. Ceramic cup recovered from the Ewing Bank Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 7-4. Ceramic cup recovered from the Ewing Bank Wreck, post-treatment.

562
Figure 7-5. Archaeological sketch of ceramic cup from the Ewing Bank Wreck.

Figure 7-6. Archaeological sketch of ceramic cup from the Ewing Bank Wreck, profile 

563
view(Not To Scale.Illustration by A.Marr). 

Figure 7-7. Archaeological sketch showing recreated ceramic cup from the Ewing Bank 

Wreck (Not To Scale.Illustration by A.Marr).

564
8 SITE # 15401 - EWING BANK

8.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15401.M.002

8.1.1 MUNTZ METAL SHEATHING WITH TACKS AND WOOD 

 Length: 37cm 

Dimensions:

 Width: 34cm 

Thickness 1mm

 Weight: 386.7 

8.1.1.1 Description (before conservation):

The sheathing is a large flat panel of cuprous metal, bent on one corner and ripped on the 

opposing corner. The top of the metal has a series of tacks still attached to it, though along one 

side the tacks are no longer present and there are a row of large holes. The surface of the 

sheathing is colored green, evidence of significant oxidation that has occurred on the objects 

surface. The opposite side of the object still has large sections of wood still attached, held in 

place by remaining tacks, and a larger piece of wood containing a larger copper fastener. . The 

wood is stained green, presumably from the oxidized metal. Around the base of many tack holes 

there is evidence of tar. The metal is far more oxidized and corroded on its underside than on its 

outward face. 

8.1.1.2 Conservation:

The sheathing was originally placed in tap water for desalination. It was removed and both sides 

were scrubbed with 5% citric acid solution, then with baking soda. The surface became cleaner, 

and the majority of the green-black copper-oxide was removed, yet there was still significant 

discoloration. The use of a Dremel rotary tool with a polishing attachment was necessary to 

remove the rest of the oxidation and stains, and this proved to be the most effective way of 

cleaning the artifact. 

This process also revealed an interesting feature on the surface of the artifact. Along the fold of 

one of the corners, the cleaning process revealed a makers mark stamped into the sheathing. The 

mark is circular in shape, and has letters running along the outer rim, with numbers and symbols 

contained within. The letters along the top of the symbol read ‘MUNTZ,’ indicating the type of 

metal used. Along the bottom rim of the circle it is difficult to make out the word ‘PATENT’ and 

next to it perhaps the word ‘METAL,’ although both of these are difficult to decipher. Inside the 

circle the number 18 is printed below three crowns, a common mark of the Muntz Company. In 

order to demonstrate the similarities between this makers mark and others of the Muntz 

Company, artifact M. 002 and another makers mark (from a source on the internet) are set side 

by side below: 

565
Figure 8-1. Sheathing with Muntz Metal stamp from Ewing Bank Wreck (left) and 

reference stamp from www. oldcopper.org (right).

Like the sheathing makers mark, the photo on the left shows a stamp with three crowns, the 

number 18, and the word Muntz written across the top of the circle. Years of corrosion and 

oxidation have removed a lot of detail from the sheathing mark, though it is still possible to make 

out some details. The copper fastener was cleaned with a Dremel tool, but beyond that little 

conservation was necessary.

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of other metals might be present 

in the sheathing. The presence of the Muntz metal stamp suggested that the metal would show 

about a 60/40 percentage of copper and zinc, but it was good to be able to get an accurate 

reading. By aiming the device at the metal for a duration of 60 seconds, it was determined that 

the sheathing was:

60.85% Copper (+/- 0.17%) 

0.63% Tungsten (+/- 0.02%) 

35.67% Zinc (+/- 0.12%) 

2.19% Lead (+/- 0.06%) 

0.54% Iron (+/- 0.02%) 

0.06% Nickel (+/- 0.01%) 

In its final stages, the artifact was again fully scrubbed and cleaned, and despite some of the tack 

holes having a slight green tinge, the artifact clearly shows its original golden-bronze shine. It is 

stable and ready to be displayed. 

566
Figure 8-2. Sheathing and wood sample from the Ewing Bank Wreck site, pre-treatment.

567
Figure 8-3. Sheathing and fastener sample from the Ewing Bank Wreck, pre-treatment.

Figure 8-4. Sheathing sample from the Ewing Bank Wreck site, post-treatment.

568
Figure 8-5. Sheathing and fastener sample from the Ewing Bank Wreck, pre-treatment.

569
Figure 8-6. An archaeological sketch of a sheathing sample from the Ewing Bank Wreck 

site (Not to scale, Illustration by A. Marr). 

570
Figure 8-7. An archaeological sketch of a wood and fastener sample from the Ewing Bank

Wreck (Not to scale, Illustration by A. Marr). 

571
9 SITE # 15401 - EWING BANK

9.1 ARTIFACT:MMS09.15401.M.003

9.1.1 BALLAST

Artifact was recovered but was not sent to UWF conservation lab. Preliminary report indicates 

ballast was sent for analysis and sourcing. 

9.2 ARTIFACT: MMS09.15401.O.004

9.2.1 ORGANIC NET SAMPLE 

Net sample was raised and thought to possibly be modern. Upon more thorough investigation 

under the microscope at the UWF conservation lab, it was determined to be composed of modern 

plastic material. It was determined to be not associated with the original context of the 

shipwreck. As per previous instruction, the net sample was discarded after photography. 

Figure 9-1. Net sample taken from the Ewing Bank Wreck.

572
10 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK

10.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.373.CO.001

10.1.1 LANTERN AND ASSOCIATED LANTERN COMPONENTS 

 Length: 43.18cm 

Dimensions: 

 Width: 22.86cm 

 

10.1.1.1 Description: 

The lantern is a large, multi-component artifact. The artifact came to the lab with a green and 

brown tinge to its surface, but certain untarnished areas revealed a copper and bronze tint. The 

lantern is a stable artifact with a hollow center, with a box-shaped main body and a short 

cylindrical top to it. One side of the lantern’s box shaped structure is missing a door. On its 

opposite side, there is a curved oval hole where two green glass lenses were placed. The two 

lenses were recovered with the Lantern, though each piece had been split in half. There were a 

number of objects inside and around the lamp when it was excavated that are associated with it. 

These objects consisted of a small flat glass pane with a metal frame, a metal rod, a sliding metal 

lock, and a small decorative arrow made of the same metal as the lantern. The door to the lantern 

was also recovered, a flat paneled piece of metal with the word “ESTRIBOR” written on the top 

of it. “Estribor” translates into “Starboard,” which coincides with the green lenses, the color used 

on lanterns placed on the starboard side of the vessel. Eight items in total comprise this artifact or 

are associated with it. 

10.1.1.2 Conservation:

The lens of the lantern was manufactured as two pieces that fit together in the lantern side by 

side. One of the pieces had fallen out of the lantern during recovery, and had been broken into 

two pieces. The other half of the lens was still secured in the lantern during recovery, but had 

also broken into two pieces. One lens has the word “London” written on it, the other has the 

words “Millers Patent.” During conservation, the two pieces of the lens still in the lantern were 

carefully removed, as it was heavy and unlikely to stay in the lantern. The pieces of the lens 

were gently scrubbed with a soft toothbrush, which removed much of the buildup that had 

accumulated. The lens pieces were then cleaned with a 5% oxalic acid solution to remove the 

metallic stains, and washed repeatedly to remove any acid residue. The lens pieces were then 

left to air dry. After the lens pieces were completely dry, the broken pieces were reconstructed 

using Locktite Instamix Epoxy. 

The glass from the door of the lantern was discovered inside the lantern among the mud and 

various lantern fragments. Around the small rectangle of glass was a copper frame. The glass 

was cleaned with 5% oxalic acid solution to remove the metallic stains from the surface. The 

copper frame was mechanically cleaned with a wire brush. The frame was soaked in a 1% 

solution of benzotriazole (BTA) and water in order to prevent further corrosion. Once the BTA 

was dry, the frame was sprayed with Krylon in order to seal and protect it. 

The lantern itself was stabilized in a passive treatment of 5% Sodium Sesquicarbonate. Sodium 

Sesquicarbonate kept the metals in the lantern from further deterioration until it was ready for 

573
conservation, and removed the chloride ions while also preventing the metal frame from further 

deterioration due to its alkaline pH. 

Once it was ready to be treated, the lantern was removed from the Sodium Sesquicarbonate, and 

left to dry. It was then washed, scrubbed with a wire brush and a toothbrush. Once the surface 

layer of corrosion was removed, the lantern was once again scrubbed, this time with baking soda. 

The baking soda removed the next layer of oxidized corrosion, revealing the copper color 

beneath. The lantern was then brushed with 3% BTA in alcohol, and left to dry. Finally the 

artifact was coated with Krylon spray, in order to protect it. 

The sliding lock, arrow, metal rod, and the door of the lantern were all treated in the same way. 

The artifacts were left in a 5% Sodium Sesquicarbonate solution before conservation, to prevent 

the metal from corroding further. They were then cleaned with a wire brush and a Dremel 

polishing bit, and then scrubbed with 5% citric acid and a toothbrush. The citric acid worked at 

removing the surface layer of corrosion. The artifacts were then scrubbed with baking soda and a 

wire brush, which removed the underlying layer of corrosion and stains. All the metal objects 

were then sprayed with Krylon to seal them and prevent further corrosion. 

Following conservation, it became evident that a number of the artifacts found inside the lantern 

were originally attached to the door. The small piece of glass and the metal frame fit into the 

rectangular space at the center of the door, while the sliding lock was attached over the slanted 

rectangular hole on the side of the door. 

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of other metals might be present 

in both the round top component and bottom rectangular component of the lantern, the sliding 

lock, and the lantern door. By simply aiming the device at the metal for a duration of sixty 

seconds, it was possible to determine the elemental composition of each separate component of 

the lantern. 

The large, rectangular base of the lantern was determined to be: 

99.86% Copper (+/- 0.21%) 

0.14% Lead (+/- 0.02%) 

The round, top component of the lantern was determined to be: 

99.79% Copper (+/- 0.2%) 

0.06% Nickel (+/- 0.01%) 

0.15% Lead (+/- 0.02%) 

The door of the lantern was determined to be: 

98.99% Copper (+/- 0.2%) 

0.08% Nickel (+/- 0.01%) 

0.58% Lead (+/- 0.03%) 

The sliding lock was determined to be: 

99.74% Copper (+/- 0.21%) 

0.06% Nickel (+/- 0.01%) 

0.26% Lead (+/- 0.07%) 

574
Figure 10-1. Lantern from Geen Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

575
Figure 10-2. Lantern from Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 10-3. Door to lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

576
Figure 10-4. Door to lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 10-5. Sliding lock of lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

577
Figure 10-6. An exterior view of the sliding lock of lantern found on Green Lantern 

Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 10-7. An interior view of the sliding lock of lantern found on Green Lantern 

Wreck, post-treatment.

 

578
Figure 10-8. Framed glass from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

Figure 10-9. Framed glass from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

579
Figure 10-10. Framed glass from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

580
Figure 10-11. Archaeological sketch of framed glass from lantern found on Green Lantern 

Wreck.

581
Figure 10-12. Decorative arrow from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, pretreatment.

Figure 10-13. Decorative arrow from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, post582
treatment.

Figure 10-14. Green glass lens from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, pretreatment.

583
Figure 10-15. Green glass lens from lantern found on Green Lantern Wreck, posttreatment.

584
Figure 10-16. Archaeological sketch of green glass lens from lantern found on the Green 

Lantern Wreck showing patent information.

 

585
11 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK

11.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.373.M.002

11.1.1 METAL FORK

 Length: 17.5cm 

Dimensions:

 Width (at handle): 1.8cm 

 Width (at prongs): 2.1cm 

11.1.1.1 Description: 

The metal fork is a light, stable artifact. The fork has 4 prongs, and is heavy encrusted. Beneath 

the encrustations the fork is silver in color.

11.1.1.2 Conservation:

The fork was partially cleaned with a wire brush to remove the corrosion and encrustation. On 

the back of the fork an engraving can be made out “SIM... GEORGE H. ROGERS”. The fork 

was stabilized for a week in a 5% solution of Sodium Sesquicarbonate. It was then brushed with 

baking soda and polished with a Dremel polishing bit, which allowed most of the silver colored 

metal to be revealed. It was then coated with 1% BTA, and then sprayed with Krylon to prevent 

further corrosion. 

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of metals might be present in the 

fork. By aiming the device at the metal for a duration of sixty seconds, it was possible to 

determine the elemental composition of the artifact. 

It was determined that the fork consisted of: 

58% Copper (+/- 0.22%) 

17.65% Zinc (+/- 0.12%) 

16.64% Nickel (+/- 0.12%) 

7.72% Iron (+/- 0.06%) 

5.22% Tin (+/- 0.05%) 

11.1.1.2.1 Further analysis:

Upon further investigation, the engraving “Sim...George H. Rogers” is perhaps supposed to read 

“Simeon L. & George H. Rogers Co,” the name of a prevalent silverware manufacturing 

company based out of Hartford, Connecticut. Simeon L & George H Rogers Co. was in business 

around 1900, and manufactured silver flatware. The company was bought by William. A. Rogers 

Limited in 1918 and Oneida in 1929. 

586
Figure 11-1. Fork found on Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

587
Figure 11-2. Fork found on Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

588
Figure 11-3. Archaeological sketch of fork found on Green Lantern Wreck.

589
12 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK

12.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.373.M.003

12.1.1 COPPER CONTAINER

 Diameter: 11.6cm 

Dimensions:

 Thickness: 4.3cm 

12.1.1.1 Description: 

Though dubbed ‘the copper container,’ the exact metallic consistency of the container was 

unknown before treatment. The copper container is a round, stable artifact. It has a slightly 

concave bottom, curved sides, and a rounded and slightly convex top. It arrived at the lab with 

significant growth on its outer surface, consisting of both stains and encrustations. There are 

three small holes on the surface of the container, and one larger one on its side. 

12.1.1.2 Conservation: 

The copper container was originally desalinated through a series of fresh water baths. Before 

any conservation treatment began the container was x-rayed to determine if there was anything 

within. The radiography revealed that the round container was empty of original contents and 

filled with sediments from the sea floor. 

The container was then put in a 5% sodium carbonate electrolysis tank so as to remove some of 

the larger encrustations. It was removed from electrolysis after a week and scrubbed with baking 

soda and a fiberglass brush. The container was then polished with a Dremel polisher bit, and 

most of the stains were removed. The container was then coated with 1% BTA and sprayed with 

Krylon to seal it, to prevent further corrosion. 

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of metals might be present in the 

container. By aiming the device at the metal for a duration of sixty seconds, it was possible to 

determine the elemental composition of the artifact. 

It was determined that the container consisted of:

47.01% Copper (+/- 0.16%) 

41.87% Lead (+/- 0.23%) 

10.31% Zinc (+/- 0.08%) 

0.71% Tin (+/- 0.03%) 

0.1% Iron (+/- 0.02%) 

This shows that the container consisted of a mixture of metals similar to that of brass. Different 

kinds of brass have different ratios of copper, lead, tin and zinc, with copper being the primary 

metal and zinc or lead being the secondary. A higher content of lead indicates a higher level of 

durability and strength in the brass. 

590
Figure 12-1. Copper container from Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

591
Figure 12-2. . Copper container from Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

592
13 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK

13.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.373.W.004

13.1.1 WOODEN SHEAVE

 Diameter: 19.95cm 

Dimensions:

 Thickness: 34.0cm 

 

13.1.1.1 Description: 

The wooden sheave is a solid, stable artifact. The surface of the sheave is dark and stained black. 

The sheave is flat on the sides, with three small holes around its center, and a concave indent 

along its side, or ‘score.’ 

13.1.1.2 Conservation:

The sheave had a high chloride content so it required desalination before any further 

conservation could be done. It was put in a freshwater tank in which the water was changed 

every week. After 5 freshwater baths the chloride levels were low enough for further treatment to 

begin. The sheave was then submerged in 3 alcohol baths and 1 acetone bath so as to remove all 

presence of water. It was then fully submerged in 68% acetone-rosin for 3 months, in order to act 

as a bulking agent for the wood. 

After 3 months, it was removed from the acetone-rosin and left to dry. It was then scrubbed with 

acetone and a tooth brush to remove any of the excess rosin on the surface of the artifact, which 

slowly helped reveal the original color of the wood. 

13.1.1.2.1 Further Analysis:

A sample of the wood was examined by Dr. Amy Mitchell-Cook, an underwater archaeologist 

and history professor at UWF who specializes in wood identification. She determined that the 

sheave was either hardwood, due to the large rings on the surface of the artifact, or tropical

wood, due to the lack of any annual rings and the variation between the microscopic rays on the 

woods surface. 

593
Figure 13-1. Wooden sheave recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

594
Figure 13-2. Wooden sheave recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

595
Figure 13-3. Archaeological sketch of wooden sheave recovered from the Green Lantern 

Wreck.

596
14 SITE # 373 – GREEN LANTERN WRECK

14.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.373.C.005

14.1.1 BELL

Diameter (of widest part): 15.4cm

Dimensions:

 Length: 15cm 

 Thickness: 3.2cm 

Weight: 3lbs

14.1.1.1 Description: 

The bell is a solid, stable artifact. There is some encrustation around the base of the bell, with a 

number of rust spots and oxidized areas. The bell is topped off with a square fixture where the 

bell would have been mounted. While it was assumed that the bell would possess some sort of 

symbol or name on it, nothing was found post-treatment. 

14.1.1.2 Conservation:

The bell was originally placed in tap water for a week. It was then placed in an electrolysis tank 

with 1% sodium carbonate. The electrolysis removed a significant amount of surface corrosion 

from the bell. After a week in electrolysis the bell was cleaned with a fiberglass brush, and then 

put back in electrolysis, this time with 5% sodium carbonate. This removed more of the loosened 

corrosion and encrustations. 

The bell was removed after a week, and scrubbed with a wire brush and baking soda. It was then 

polished with a Dremel, which revealed the bronze-metallic looking surface. The metal was then 

brushed with 1% BTA, and coated with Krylon to seal it and prevent further corrosion. 

An Olympus Innov-X hand held portable X-Ray Fluorescence device calibrated for metal 

analysis was used to identify what types (and what percentages) of metals might be present. By 

simply aiming the device at the metal for a duration of sixty seconds, it was possible to 

determine the elemental composition of each separate component of the lantern. 

It was determined that the bell consisted of:

78.06% Copper (+/- 0.24%) 

0.19% Lead (+/- 0.02%) 

1.17% Zinc (+/- 0.04%) 

20.58 % Tin (+/- 0.1) 

The bell was made from ‘Bell metal,’ a type of metal known for being a hard alloy used for 

making bells. Bell metal is a kind of bronze, normally consisting of 78% Copper and 22% Tin. 

597
Figure 14-1. Bell recoverd from the Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

598
Figure 14-2. Bell recoverd from the Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

599
Figure 14-3. Archaeological sketch of bell recovered from Green Lantern Wreck.

600
15 SITE # 373 - GREEN LANTERN WRECK

15.1 ARTIFACT: MMS09.373.C.006

15.1.1 CERAMIC PLATE

Diameter: 14cm

Dimensions:

 Thickness: 3.2cm 

 Weight: 118.3g 

15.1.1.1 Description: 

The ceramic plate is a small artifact. It is white colored with no decoration. The underside of the 

plate has a stamp in its center, with the makers mark imprinted with small black letters. The 

mark has two lions standing next to a shield-shaped coat of arms. Above the coat of arms are the 

words “Ironstone China,” and below it, “Wood and Sons, Ltd.” Below those words, written in 

larger letters, is the word “ENGLAND.” There are a few chips and abrasions on the surface of 

the plate. Before treatment, there was heavy growth and many deposits stuck to the plate, and a 

number of brown stains on its surface.

15.1.1.2 Conservation:

The artifact was placed in tap water for over a week. It was then scrubbed with 30% hydrochloric 

acid, which removed many of the growths and stains, and returned the surface of the artifact to 

its original white color. After each time the plate was scrubbed with hydrochloric acid, the plate 

was washed so as to prevent the acid from doing any further damage to the artifacts surface. It 

was then placed in Deionized water for a night, and set out to dry the next day. The plate is now 

stable, and completely free of stains and growth. 

601
Figure 15-1. Top of the plate recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

Figure 15-2. Base of the plate recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck, pre-treatment.

602
Figure 15-3. Top of the plate recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

Figure 15-4. Base of the plate recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck, post-treatment.

603
Figure 15-5. Archaeological sketch of the plate recovered from the Green Lantern Wreck.

604
APPENDIX F-1 . CURRICULUM UNDERSTANDING DEEP--‐SEA 

CORAL ECOLOGY 

 

605
i

Lophelia!II:!Understanding!Deep0Sea!Coral!

Ecology!

A"problem*based"curriculum"

[Author"Name]

606
i

Lophelia)II)+)Understanding)Deep+Sea)Coral)Ecology:)A)Problem+Based)Curriculum)was$

developed$as$part$of$the$"Exploration$and$Research$of$Northern$Gulf$of$Mexico$Deepwater$

Natural$and$Artificial$Hard$Bottom$Habitats$with$Emphasis$on$Coral$Communities:$Reefs,$

Rigs,$and$Wrecks"$project$("Lophelia$II").$Study$concept,$oversight,$and$funding$were$

provided$by$the$U.S.$Department$of$the$Interior,$Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management,$

Environmental$Studies$Program,$Washington,$D.C.$under$contract$number$M08PC20038

with$additional$funding$from$NOAA/OER.$Additional$support$and$collaboration$was$

provided$by$the$U.S.$Geological$Survey.$

This$curriculum$was$prepared$as$part$of$a$larger$study$on$deepWsea$corals$under$contract$

between$the$Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management$(BOEM)$and$TDI$Brooks$International$

Inc.$$This$curriculum$has$been$technically$reviewed$by$BOEM$staff$and$has$been$approved$

for$publication.$$Approval$does$not$signify$that$the$contents$necessarily$reflect$the$views$

and$policies$of$the$Bureau,$nor$does$mention$of$trade$names$or$commercial$products$

constitute$endorsements$or$recommendation$for$use.$

607
ii

Acknowledgements

This)curriculum)was)inspired)by)the)mission)of)the)Lophelia)II)scientific)research)project,)and)

was)developed)with)significant)contributions)from)several)members)of)the)project)team.))

Curriculum$Development$$

Liz$Goehring$(Lophelia$II$Education$&$Outreach$Project$Coordinator,$NEON,$Inc.,$

formerly$Pennsylvania$State$University)$

Kathryn$Kelsey$(Science$Curriculum$Consultant$and$Teacher,$Seattle$Public$Schools)

Scientific$Advisors$

Liz$Podowski$(Scientist,$Pennsylvania$State$University)

Erin$Becker$(Scientist,$Pennsylvania$State$University)

Jay$Lunden$(Scientist,$Temple$University)$

Leslie$Wickes$(Research$Assistant,$Temple$University)

Maps$and$Interpretations$for$the$Challenge$Scenario

$ Bill$Shedd$(Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management)$

Photomosaic$and$High$Resolution$Images$

Charles$Fisher$(Scientist$and$Lophelia)II$Project$Lead,$Pennsylvania$State$University)

Photomosaic$Organisms$key$

Ba$Rae$(Scientific$Illustrator,$Bas$Relief.org)$

Lesson$Review$and$Testing

Wendy$Lane$(H.S.$Teacher,$Seattle$Public$Schools)

Megan$Vogel$(H.S.$Teacher,$Seattle$Public$Schools)

Jessica$Pizzalato$(H.S.$Teacher,$Seattle$Public$Schools)

Erin$Eichler$(H.S.$Teacher,$Seattle$Public$Schools)

Cindy$Peterson$(M.S.$Teacher,$St.$Hubert’s$School,$Chanhassen$MN)

$ And$their$students$

Others

$ Members$of$the$Lophelia$II$Science$Party

R/V$Brooks$McCall$ship$crew

Contracting$Officer’s$Representative

Greg$Boland$(Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management)$

608
iii

Table.of.Contents

Introduction

Challenge$Scenario

Student$Handouts:$

• MEMO$to$Marine$Research$Science$Group

• Maps$and$Map$notes

• EIAP$Report$Rubric

Lesson$1$W$On$the$Bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico

Student$Handout:$Journey$to$the$Bottom$of$the$Sea

Lesson$2$W$What$Are$the$Secrets$for$Life$on$the$Bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$

Mexico?

Lesson$3$–$Lophelia$Biology

“Lophelia$Biology”$PowerPoint$Script

Student$Handout:$Coral$Polyp$–$A$Living$Organism

Lesson$4$–$Ocean$Acidification$and$Its$Effect$on$Lophelia$$

“Ocean$Acidification$&$Corals”$PowerPoint$Script

Student$Handout:$Ocean$Acidification$Experiment

Lesson$5$W$Movements$and$Currents$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico

Student$Handout:$Deep$Ocean$Currents$Experiment

Lesson$6$–$Living$in$Lophelia’s)Neighborhood

“Living$in$Lophelia’s$Neighborhood”$PowerPoint$Script

Student$Handout:$Living$in$Lophelia’s$Neighborhood$$

$$

609
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Introduction 

Introduction

Public$awareness,$education,$and$outreach$are$important$components$of$scientific$research$

projects$funded$by$the$Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management$(BOEM)$and$NOAA’s Office$of$

Ocean$Exploration$and$Research$(NOAA$OER),$in$support$of$recommendations$for$an$

informed$public$and$an$ocean$literate$society$made$by$the$Pew$Oceans$Commission$(2003),$

the$U.S.$Commission$on$Ocean$Policy$(2004),$and$the$U.S.$Ocean$Action$Plan$(2004).$As$

such,$this$curriculum$was$developed$as$the$educational$outreach$component$of$the

scientific$research$study$"Exploration$and$Research$of$Northern$Gulf$of$Mexico$Deepwater$

Natural$and$Artificial$Hard$Bottom$Habitats$with$Emphasis$on$Coral$Communities:$Reefs,$

Rigs,$and$Wrecks."$The$study,$referred$to$as$“Lophelia$II,”$was$initiated$in$2009 under$

contract$between$BOEM$and$TDI$Brooks$International$Inc.$and$had$the$primary$goal$of$

“obtaining$a$robust$predictive$capability$for$the$occurrence$of$rich$cnidarian$(primarily$

coral)$hard$ground$communities$in$the$deep$Gulf$of$Mexico.”$$

The$purpose$behind$the$research$study$sponsored$by$the$BOEM$was$to$understand$the$

ecology$of$seafloor$communities,$particularly$those$potentially$impacted$by$development$

for$offshore$energy$resources.$Acting$under$acts$of$Congress,$BOEM$serves$as$a$prudent$

manager$of$the$nation’s$seafloor$mineral$resources.$$This$management$role$requires$

development$of$critical$energy$resources$without$unacceptable$impact$on$other$ocean$

users,$the$natural$environment,$and$the$human$environment.$$The$primary$strategy$that$

BOEM$employs$to$eliminate$or$minimize$environmental$impact$is$to$identify$sensitive$

habitat$and$then$restrict$or$otherwise$mitigate$exploration,$development,$and$production$

activity$there.$BOEM$sponsors$scientific$research$to$identify$and$understand$the$needs$and$

extent$of$these$sensitive$ecosystems.$DeepWsea$coral$communities$and$hydrocarbon$seep$

communities,$for$example,$have$been$studied$extensively$in$the$last$10+$years$through$

independent$research$projects$sponsored$by$this$agency.$In$addition$to$adding$to$the$

scientific$body$of$knowledge$about$deepWsea$marine$ecosystems,$results$from$these$

research$projects$are$used$by$BOEM’s$scientists$to$advise$policy$makers$when$making$

decisions$about$development$of$resources$offshore.$

Problem.Based.Learning..

Recognizing$the$value$of$helping$students$understand$the$mission,$importance$and$

challenges$of$energy$management,$this$curriculum$was$based$on$the$realWlife$practices$of$

prioritizing$exploratory$energy$drilling$sites$while$minimizing$ecosystem$impact.$Our$

approach$in$developing$this$curriculum$follows$the$principles$of$Problem$Based$Learning$

(PBL).$According$to$Barrows$and$Kelson$(1993),$PBL$is$a$curriculum$and$a$process.$The$

PBL$curriculum$typically$consists$of$carefully$selected$problems$that$demand$from$the$

learner$acquisition$of$critical$knowledge$and$problem$solving$proficiency,$and$the$PBL$

process$typically$replicates$the$commonly$used$approach$to$resolving$problems$or$meeting$

challenges$encountered$in$life$and$career.$The$Lophelia$II$curriculum$is$designed$around$a$

Challenge$Scenario$–$an$activity$in$which$students$adopt$the$role$of$marine$scientist$to$

address$the$challenge$of$prioritizing$potential$drilling$sites$while$minimizing$ecosystem$

impacts.$To$address$the$challenge,$students$work$through$the$six$lessons$to$obtain$the$

necessary$background$knowledge$to$determine$which$exploratory$sites$represent$the$least$

impact$to$deepWsea$coral$communities.$These$six$lessons$introduce$students$to$the$

organisms$typically$found$in$deepWsea$coral$communities,$to$the$basic$biology$of$corals,$to$

610
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Introduction 

the$requirement$for$hardWbottom$substrate$for$coral$development$and$the$importance$of$

currents$for$dispersal$and$food$delivery,$to$the$impact$of$ocean$acidification$on$corals,$and$

to$the$food$web$supported$in$a$coral$ecosystem.$Techniques$for$how$scientists$approach$

studying$such$ecosystems$are$also$embedded$in$the$lessons.$Through$these$lessons,$

students$learn$what$Lophelia$needs$to$survive$and$where$this$may$be$found$on$the$seafloor,$

so$that$students$can$then$identify$which$areas$may$be$considered$sensitive$habitat.$In$the

scenario,$students$learn$about$tradeWoffs$in$resource$and$ecosystem$management,$and$

develop$an$understanding$of$the$processes$and$information$used$in$making$decisions$

around$resource$management$as$they$prepare$their$“Environmental$Impact$Assessment$

and$Prioritization”$Reports.$

This$curriculum$was$designed$to$be$used$in$its$entirety$(i.e.,$Challenge$Scenario$with$six$

supporting$lessons).$Use$of$the$curriculum,$however,$depends$on$classroom$needs.$

Teachers$may$find$that$some$of$the$individual$lessons$fit$their$course$objectives$but$they$do$

not$have$time$for$the$entire$suite$of$lessons.$Lessons$may$be$used$individually$with$

minimal$modification.$$

Ocean.Literacy.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts.

This$curriculum$was$developed$in$accordance$with$National$Science$Education$Standards$

and$Ocean$Literacy$Principles.$Ocean$literacy$is$defined$by$seven$essential$principles$

supported$by$detailed$fundamental$concepts.$The$fundamental$concepts$are$comparable$to$

those$underlying$the$National$Science$Education$Standards. Each$lesson$in$the$curriculum$

touches$on$one$or$more$ocean$literacy$essential$principle$and$fundamental$concept.$These$

principles$and$concepts$are$identified$within$each$lesson.$$$

Teacher.Notes.and.Support.Materials

For$each$lesson,$teacher$notes$contain$focus$questions,$learning$objectives,$ocean$literacy$

principles$addressed,$appropriate$background$information,$and$links$to$appropriate$

reference$material$available$on$the$Internet.$Lessons$also$come$with$support$materials$

necessary$for$the$particular$lesson.$The$Challenge$Scenario$includes$5$seafloor$maps,$map$

notes$and$a$student$handout$describing$the$challenge.$Lesson$1$includes$three$

photomosaics,$each$with$six$highWresolution$images,$a$dichotomous$key$of$seafloor$

organisms,$and$a$teacher’s$key$to$the$organisms$in$each$photomosaic.$Lessons$3,$4$and$6$

include$PowerPoint$presentations$along$with$slide$notes$to$help$teachers$present$new$

material$to$students.$$All$lessons$include$reproducible$student$handouts.$All$of$these$

support$materials$are$found$either$within$this$Teachers’$Guide$or$on$the$accompanying$

files$on$the$DVD.$

References:.

Barrow,$H.S.,$&$Kelson,$A.$(1993).$ProblemWbased$learning$in$secondary$education$and$the$

ProblemWbased$Learning$Institute$(Monograph).$Springfield:$Southern$Illinois$University$

School$of$Medicine.

611
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Challenge Scenario 

Challenge.Scenario.Activity:.Pinnacle.Petroleum.Permit

Focus..

This$Challenge$Scenario,$based$on$the$realWlife$practices$of$prioritizing$exploratory$drilling$

sites$to$minimize$ecosystem$impact,$is$a$problemWbased$activity$in$which$students$adopt$

the$role$of$marine$scientist$to$address$the$challenge.$Students$work$through$the$Unit’s$six$

lessons$to$obtain$the$necessary$background$knowledge$to$determine$which$exploratory$

sites$represent$the$least$impact$to$deepWsea$coral$communities.$In$this$scenario,$students$

learn$about$tradeWoffs$in$resource$and$ecosystem$management,$and$develop$an$

understanding$of$the$processes$and$information$used$in$making$decisions$around$resource$

management$as$they$prepare$their$“Environmental$Impact$Assessment$and$Prioritization”$

Reports.

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question..

What$are$sensitive$seafloor$areas$and$how$are$they$protected?$

What$are$the$tradeWoffs$when$deciding$how$certain$areas$will$be$managed$and$developed?

Learning.Objectives...

Students$will$be$able$to:

• Explain$how$installing$oil$platforms$to$drill$for$oil$can$alter$ocean$ecosystems;$

• Explain$how$a$scientist$can$provide$information$to$help$understand$public$issues,$

consider$tradeWoffs$and$use$analytical$skills$to$make$decisions$based$on$

evidence;

• Support$claims$with$evidence$learned$in$previous$lessons;

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts..

6$–$The$ocean$and$humans$are$inextricably$interconnected.$

B.$From$the$ocean$we$get$foods,$medicines,$and$mineral$and$energy$resources.$In$

addition$it$provides$jobs,$supports$our$nation’s$economy,$serves$as$a$highway$for$

transportation$of$goods$and$people,$and$plays$a$role$in$national$security.$

E.$Humans$affect$the$ocean$in$a$variety$of$ways.$Laws,$regulations$and$resource$

management$affect$what$is$taken$out$and$put$into$the$ocean.$Human$development$and$

activity$leads$to$pollution$(point$source,$nonWpoint$source$and$noise$pollution)$and$

physical$modifications$(changes$to$beaches,$shores$and$rivers).$In$addition,$humans$

have$removed$most$of$the$large$vertebrates$from$the$ocean.$$

7$W$The$ocean$is$largely$unexplored.

B.$Understanding$the$ocean$is$more$than$a$matter$of$curiosity.$Exploration,$inquiry$and$

study$are$required$to$better$understand$ocean$systems$and$processes.$

C.$Over$the$last$40$years,$use$of$ocean$resources$has$increased$significantly,$therefore$

the$future$of$sustainability$of$ocean$resources$depends$on$our$understanding$of$those$

resources$and$their$potential$and$limitations.$$$

Materials

•Copies$of$MEMO$to$Marine$Research$Science$Group;$one$per$student

612
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Challenge Scenario 

•Copies$of$map$set,$with$specific$map$notes$attached$on$back$of$each$map;$one$set$per$

group$of$students

•Copies$of$EIAP$Report$rubric;$one$per$student$$

•PostWIt$notes

$$

Seating.Arrangement.

Groups$of$3W4$students

Key.Words

Outer$continental$shelf$(OCS)

Oil$and$gas$reserves

Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management$(BOEM)$

Lease

Drilling$permit$

Scientific$Committee$

Acoustic$amplitude$

Bathymetry$

Contour$line

Drilling$restriction

Background.Information.

The$Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management$(BOEM),$a$bureau$within$the$U.S.$Department$of$

the$Interior,$is$the$federal$agency$responsible$for$overseeing$the$safe$and$environmentally$

sound$management$of$offshore$energy$and$minerals$on$the$1.76$billion$acres$of$the$Outer$

Continental$Shelf$(OCS).$The$OCS$is$a$significant$source$of$oil$and$gas$for$the$Nation’s$

energy$supply.$Approximately$43$million$leased$OCS$acres$account$for$about$15$percent$of$

America’s$domestic$natural$gas$production$and$about$27$percent$of$America’s$domestic$oil$

production.$The$OCS,$defined$by$federal$statute,$refers$to$all$submerged$lands$lying$

seaward$and$outside$of$the$area$of$lands$beneath$navigable$waters$of$each$State.$The$OCS$is$

subject$to$the$jurisdiction$and$control$of$the$United$States$federal$government.$

Oil$and$gas$companies$interested$in$drilling$for$oil$on$the$OCS$must$purchase$a$5Wyear$lease$

agreement$through$BOEM$for$access$to$the$area$they$are$interested$in$developing$and$then$

must$apply$for$drilling$permits$to$ensure$compliance$with$regulations.$More$information$on$

this$process$of$leasing$including$a$history$of$offshore$petroleum$exploration$and$

development$can$be$found$at$http://www.boem.gov/OilWandWGasWEnergyW

Program/Leasing/Leasing.aspx,$see$link$“Oil$and$Gas$Leasing$on$the$Outer$Continental$

Shelf”$for$downloadable$pdf.$$$$

To$help$protect$the$environment$of$the$OCS,$BOEM$sponsors$scientific$research$to$

understand$the$needs$and$extent$of$ecosystems$found$there.$DeepWsea$coral$communities$

and$hydrocarbon$seep$communities,$for$example,$have$been$studied$extensively$in$the$last$

10+$years$through$independent$research$projects$sponsored$by$this$agency.$In$addition$to$

adding$to$the$scientific$body$of$knowledge$about$deepWsea$marine$ecosystems,$results$from$

these$research$projects$are$used$by$BOEM’s$scientists$advise$policy$makers$when$making$

decisions$about$development$of$resources$on$the$OCS.$$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Challenge Scenario 

Because$drill$sites$typically$discharge$a$great$deal$of$mud$and$drill$cuttings$that$can$damage$

benthic$communities$and$historic$archaeological$sites,$BOEM$currently$provides$strict$

guidelines$for$the$placement$of$drilling$platforms$to$ensure$protection$of$sensitive$sites.$$

Consequently$drill$sites$may$not$be$within$2000$ft$of$a$sensitive$site.$Additionally,$if$the$

drill$site$platform$has$anchors,$there$must$be$an$additional$1000$ft$buffer$surrounding$the$

anchor$lines$when$in$the$area$of$a$known$sensitive$feature.$

This$challenge$scenario,$a$problemWbased$learning$activity,$is$designed$to$simulate$a$real$

process$that$occurs$when$oil$companies$apply$for$permits$to$install$oil$platforms$in$offW

coast$areas$around$the$United$States.$The$basic$challenge$for$students$is$to$prioritize$

proposed$drilling$sites$so$as$to$minimize$impact$to$sensitive$seafloor$ecosystems$and$other$

resources,$and$to$justify$the$prioritization$based$on$information$learned$in$the$unit.$

Students$will$have$to$interpret$seafloor$maps$and$apply$their$understanding$of$Lophelia

biology$to$determine$where$they$think$additional$communities$of$Lophelia$may$be$found.$

At$least$one$of$the$proposed$sites$is$in$an$area$that$could$support$a$Lophelia$community.$

Students$are$asked$to$play$the$role$of$advisory$scientist$(i.e.,$a$biologist$who$studies$deepW

sea$corals$such$as$Lophelia)$in$the$permitting$process.$Their$final$product$will$be$an$

Environmental$Impact$Assessment$and$Prioritization$(EIAP)$Report$(see$below$for$

components),$in$either$a$formal$presentation$or$written$report.$A$rubric$details$the$

requirements$and$helps$students$understand$how$the$project$will$be$evaluated.$The$overall$

activity$is$sufficiently$challenging$that$all$members$of$a$group$will$have$something$to$

contribute$to$the$solution.

The$scenario$is$intended$to$function$as$both$a$motivator$to$engage$learners$and$as$a$

performance$assessment$for$the$lessons$presented$in$this$unit.$Student$groups$are$

introduced$to$the$scenario$early$in$the$unit$and$must$consider$the$relevance$of$concepts$in$

each$lesson$to$complete$the$challenge.$$$

Learning.Procedure.

1) Before$introducing$this$Challenge$Scenario,$prepare$Scenario$maps$by$attaching

specific$map$notes$to$the$back$of$each$map.$You$may$also$wish$to$laminate$maps.$Do$

not$give$all$of$the$maps$out$to$students$at$once$–$rather$the$activity$is$designed$to$

have$student$groups$receive$specific$maps$following$particular$lessons$within$the$

unit.$$The$following$instructions$indicate$which$map$should$be$distributed$after$

which$lesson.$

2) Introduce$the$Challenge$Scenario$either$at$the$beginning$of$the$unit$or$after$students$

have$had$an$opportunity$to$see$the$Lophelia$communities$(in.Lesson.1).$Give$each$

group$of$students$a$copy$of$the$MEMO$with$background$notes$on$BOEM,$and$

introduce$the$various$players.$Pinnacle$Petroleum$is$the$oil$and$gas$company$

interested$in$developing$the$area$for$new$wells.$The$federal$regulatory$agency$

responsible$for$granting$the$drilling$permit$is$requesting$your$assistance.$Student$

groups$are$the$various$Marine$Research$Science$Groups$conducting$research$on$

Lophelia$and$advising$on$environmental$impacts$from$drilling.$Review$with$students$

that$their$groups$will$help$advise$the$BOEM$on$appropriate$sites$for$development$

for$oil$and$gas,$and$to$do$so$each$group$will$need$to$learn$as$much$as$they$can$about$

Lophelia)communities.$Explain$to$students$that$each$group$will$create$an$

614
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Challenge Scenario 

Environmental$Impact$Assessment$and$Prioritization$report$as$a$final$product.$You$

may$also$wish$to$distribute$and$review$the$rubric$with$them$at$this$time.$$

3) At.the.end.of.Lesson.2,$give$students$the$first$map$(1NAmplitude)$and$explain$that$

this$is$a$map$of$the$area$of$interest$to$Pinnacle$Petroleum$–$Lophelia)Gardens)100.$

This$is$an$area$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$off$the$coast$of$Texas.$This$map$is$a$

representation$of$the$seafloor$surface,$as$measured$by$sonar.$Review$the$

accompanying$map$notes$(attached$to$back$of$map)$explaining$how$the$map$was$

created$and$what$the$acoustic$amplitude$indicates.$Be$sure$to$review$the$scale$bar$

with$students$(each$square$block$is$~$3$square$miles)$and$help$them$determine$the$

approximate$size$of$the$entire$area$(~72$square$miles).$Note:)the)Lat/Long)lines)

have)been)removed)to)keep)the)actual)location)designated)in)the)maps)unknown.)Maps)

are)provided)courtesy)of)WesternGECO.)

4) Distribute$PostWIt$notes$to$student$groups,$and$give$students$time$to$examine$the$

map$and$to$pick$3$areas$where$they$would$consider$looking$for$Lophelia.$At$this$

point,$students$know$enough$to$look$for$areas$with$hard$ground$(high$amplitude),$

so$they$should$pick$areas$where$there$are$pinks$and$yellows$on$the$map.$$Students$

can$use$PostWit$notes$to$mark$where$they$think$Lophelia$may$be$found,$and$include$

justification$notes$on$each$PostWIt.$

5) At.the.end.of.Lesson.3,$after$students$have$learned$basic$biology$of$Lophelia,)give$

student$groups$the$second$map$(2NKnownLopheliaSites)$and$explain$that$we$have$

new$information$on$the$location$of$one$known$Lophelia$community$in$the$region$

(marked$by$an$L$on$the$map).$Again$review$the$accompanying$map$notes$explaining$

that$only$a$small$section$of$the$Lophelia Gardens)100$area$was$explored$previously$

(the$western$most$section)$so$there$are$likely$to$be$more$Lophelia$communities$in$

other$similar$areas.$Have$students$examine$the$map$again$and$decide$where$they$

think$other$Lophelia$may$be$found.$They$should$look$for$characteristics$similar$to$

the$known$location.$Again,$have$students$mark$their$predicted$sites$with$PostWit$

notes.$

6) At.the.end.of.Lesson.5,$after$students$have$learned$about$currents,$the$effects$of$

topography$on$current$flow$and$how$current$flow$can$affect$particle$distribution,$

give$students$the$third$map$(3NBathymetry).$This$is$a$map$showing$the$bathymetry$

of$the$region.$Review$the$accompanying$map$notes$explaining$what$the$contour$

lines$indicate.$Help$students$decipher$the$lines$on$the$maps,$explaining$that$it$is$just$

like$a$topographical$map.$Point$out$a$few$contour$lines$with$depth$markings.$It$

might$be$helpful$to$have$students$trace$the$400,$450,$500,$and$550$contour$lines$in$

different$colors$to$help$these$contours$stand$out.$Ask$students$to$identify$where$the$

highest$and$lowest$areas$are,$and$also$to$describe$some$general$features$of$the$

seafloor$in$LC100.$Note:)There)is)a)trough)running)from)the)northwest)corner)down)to)

the)south/southeast,)with)the)deepest)portion)of)this)trough)approaching)600)meters)

depth)down)along)the)southern)most)portion)of)the)map.)There)are)two)high)areas,)of)

400+)meters)depth,)one)along)the)western)edge)of)the)map)and)the)other)in)the)north)

central)portion)of)the)map.)In)the)center)of)the)map,)there)is)a)steep)“wall”)of)at)least)

150)meters,)on)the)eastern)side)of)the)trough.)

615
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 5 Challenge Scenario 

7) After$students$have$become$familiar$with$the$seafloor$topography$in$the$LC100$

area,$explain$to$students$that$the$peaks$and$valleys$in$Gulf$of$Mexico$seafloor$

topography$are$due$to$underlying$salt$tectonics,$underneath$the$deep$sediment.$For$

an$excellent$review$of$the$geology$in$this$region,$you$may$choose$to$have$students$

read$Dr.$Harry$Roberts’$online$essay:$“A$complex$geologic$framework$prone$to$fluid$

and$gas$leakage”

(http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/background/geology/geol

ogy.html).

8) Next,$explain$to$students$that$bottom.currents$in$the$area$run$generally$from$

east/southeast$to$west/northwest.$Ask$students$to$think$about$and$discuss$what$the$

current$would$do$when$it$encountered$a$“wall”$or$steep$elevation,$and$have$students$

indicate$areas$on$the$map$where$this$happens.$Note:)current)will)speed)up)in)this)

situation,)which)could)help)distribute)food)particles)and)larvae.)Faster)currents)would)

also)help)keep)corals)free)from)too)much)sedimentation.))

9) After$students$have$visualized$the$current$flow$along$the$seafloor$topography$in$the$

LC100$area,$give$students$the$fourth$map$(4NAmplitude_Bathymetry)$that$

combines$the$bathymetry$with$the$amplitude.$Have$students$examine$how$the$

depths$line$up$with$the$hard$ground,$and$ask$them$to$estimate$the$average$depth$of$

the$some$of$the$‘hardest’$seafloor.$$Note:)keep)in)mind)that)the)hard)ground)that)we)

see)dotted)along)the)tops)of)these)elevated)areas)are)carbonate)rocks)formed)by)

precipitation)of)Ca+Mg)as)a)result)of)bacterial)processing)of)hydrocarbons)seeping)up)

through)the)sediments.)

10)Using$this$fourth$map,$ask$students$to$revisit$their$predictions$for$where$they$would$

likely$find$Lophelia$communities.$At$this$point$they$should$be$thinking$about$how$

currents$flow$over$the$domes$and$ridges$and$hard$ground,$delivering$food$particles$

and$keeping$corals$clear$of$too$much$sediment.$Remind$them$to$look$for$clues$from$

the$one$known$Lophelia$site.$$

11)At.the.end.of.Lesson.6,.after$students$have$learned$about$food$webs$and$the$

important$role$Lophelia$plays$in$the$seafloor$community,$students$are$now$ready$to$

address$the$Challenge$Scenario.$Give$student$groups$the$final$map$(5N

Amplitude_Bathymetry_Wells_Interpretation_DrillSites).$Review$the$

accompanying$notes$that$explain$the$additional$markings$and$review$these$

markings$with$the$students.$This$map$shows$an$existing$drilling$platform$with$

approximately$20$wells.$$There$is$a$shipwreck$in$the$southeast$area.$Shipwrecks$are$

considered$sensitive$archaeological$areas$and$are$protected.$Consequently,$drilling$

may.not.occur.near.this.site.$This$map$also$includes$markings$made$by$the$BOEM

geologist$showing$his$interpretation$of$the$hard$ground$areas.$Students$can$use$

these$markings$to$fineWtune$their$estimates$of$where$they$would$find$Lophelia.)

Finally,$this$map$includes$the$five$possible$exploratory$sites$along$with$the$drilling$

restrictions,$labeled$S1..S5.$

616
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 6 Challenge Scenario 

12)Provide$student$groups$time$to$work$through$all$of$the$information$provided$to$

prioritize$the$proposed$drilling$sites.$Remind$students$that$they$will$need$to$provide$

a$justification$for$their$prioritization$and$present$that$in$their$final$report.$Review$

with$students$the$components$of$their$report$and$the$report$rubric.

13)Have$student$groups$present$their$final$report$and$encourage$discussion.$

617
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 7 Challenge Scenario 

Maps Notes 

A description of each of the five maps follows. You may wish to attach the 

description of each map to the back of the actual map. 

Map Notes: 1-Amplitude

This map shows an area of seafloor approximately 72 square miles. Most of 

the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) seafloor is covered in sediment that has been 

deposited from erosion processes flowing down from the continent. 

However, it’s not all sediment. There are areas of “hard ground” or rocks on 

the GoM seafloor formed as a bi-product of bacteria in the sediment living 

off of oil and gas seepage coming up from deep, underneath the sediments. 

To find this “hard ground”, geologists use sonar to “visualize” the seafloor 

from their station on a ship. Sonar involves sending out a sound signal (e.g., a 

“ping” from an airgun) that travels to the seafloor and then reflects back 

off the seafloor surface. Acoustic monitors called geophones, towed in the 

water behind the ship, listen for this reflected sound and record both the 

time the signal takes to return (giving an indication of depth) and the 

strength of the signal (giving an indication of surface hardness). A soft 

surface does not reflect sound as well as a hard surface, and therefore has 

a low acoustic amplitude. Hard surfaces reflect well and have a high 

acoustic amplitude. 

Note: there are a few “artifacts” on these maps. An “artifact” on a map is a 

feature that is not actually present but shows up because of the way the 

map was made. For example, the large white rectangular area towards the 

top of the map is an area that was not actually mapped by sonar, so it is 

“blank” or white in this case. So the white color in this case is NOT a 

measure of extremely low amplitude. Also, the striped pattern of green and 

blue does not reflect actual differences in seafloor hardness but rather 

reflects track lines from the ship’s mapping process. It takes a little 

practice reading maps like this to learn how to interpret them properly. 

Can you tell where the hard surfaces are? Hint: look for areas of high 

amplitude. 

618
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 8 Challenge Scenario 

Map Notes: 2-KnownLopheliaSites

This map is the same map as #1 but it also shows one Lophelia community

discovered and actually seen by scientists, marked by an “L” on the map. 

This Lophelia community is growing on the eastern edge of an area of hard 

ground. It should be noted that the entire area in this map has not been 

explored for Lophelia. It is expected that there are additional Lophelia

communities elsewhere in this area, probably in areas that are similar to the 

known one. Where do you think there will be additional Lophelia 

communities? 

Map Notes: 3-Bathymetry

This map shows the topographical relief of the seafloor, in the same area as 

the amplitude map. The curving lines represent contours along the seafloor, 

and the number on a contour line represents the depth in meters along that 

contour. For example, “500” means 500 meters from the surface to seafloor 

all along that contour line. Contour lines are drawn at 10-meter intervals, 

with major contour lines marked every 50 meters depth. Can you tell where 

the deepest area is, and where the highest points are on the seafloor? 

Map Notes: 4-Amplitude_Bathymetry 

This map is a combination of the 1-Amplitude and the 3-Bathymetry maps. 

This map overlays the bathymetric map overtop the amplitude map so you 

see the depth of various hard ground areas. What is the average depth of 

the areas of high amplitude (i.e., the areas in pink)? 

619
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 9 Challenge Scenario 

Map Notes: 5-Amplitude_Bathymetry_Wells_Interpretation_DrillSites

This map shows bathymetry overtop the amplitude map, and also includes some new 

markings provided by our engineer at Pinnacle Petroleum and our scientist at the 

BOEM. The engineer gave us information about an active drilling platform (marked 

in purple) in the area near the center top of the map. Notice the lines all coming 

from a central square, called the drill site. Each circle represents a different well. 

To minimize impact to the seafloor and to prevent having to move the platform for 

every well, drilling companies can minimize the number of holes by drilling vertically 

for ~2000 ft, and from there drill out diagonally to tap surrounding reserves and 

create a well. This particular drilling platform has 10 wells to the south of the drill 

site, and another 10 wells to the north of the drill site. All of the oil and gas from 

these 20 wells flows up to the same location on one platform. Each well is 

approximately 10,000-12,000 ft deep. It is likely that the southernmost wells are 

tapping into the same subsurface oil and gas reserves that seeped to the surface 

many years ago and formed the hard ground in that area. 

The drill platform shown on this map is at least 7000’ from the nearest hard 

ground area where Lophelia could be found. 

The other markings on this map, the red and green polygons, are areas where our 

BOEM scientist believes there is actual hard bottom given his interpretation of 

the amplitude map. From experience, he typically sees hard bottom (or rock) occur 

in areas of high acoustic amplitude (i.e., yellows and reds) AND high elevations on 

the seafloor. He has circled these areas in red. The green polygons, inside the red 

polygons, are areas of very low amplitude where gas is bubbling out. If sediment 

comes up with the gas, mud volcanoes and flows of sediment are likely to occur. 

Notice some areas of high amplitude are not marked as hard bottom because they 

occur on a slope. These areas are typically gas and crusty sediment flowing down 

the side of the slope. They are not necessarily good sites for Lophelia because 1) 

they are not elevated providing good access to current flow, and 2) they are not 

hard rock for substrate. 

Note the shipwreck marked on the map. Under various Federal laws and 

regulations, the BOEM is also responsible for overseeing the protection of 

archaeological resources (e.g., shipwrecks). The same distance restrictions apply to 

shipwrecks as to sensitive benthic communities. 

Finally, the map has a number of potential drill sites shown on it, marked S1 to S5, 

indicating five areas where Pinnacle Petroleum is considering drilling for oil. Your 

job as a Lophelia expert (i.e., a biologist who studies deep sea corals) will be to 

prioritize these potential drill sites to minimize damage to potential Lophelia sites.

620
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Challenge Scenario – Student Handout 1

MEMO

TO: Marine Research Science Group 

FROM: Deep-water Resources Management Office, Bureau of Ocean Energy 

Management (BOEM)

RE: Recommendations within area Lophelia Gardens 100 (LG100)

Pinnacle Petroleum has expressed interest in doing exploratory drilling 

within the Lophelia Gardens 100 (LG100) area of Bluewater Gulf. We need to 

know which areas within the LG100 section need to be off limits to any 

drilling activity and which of their five proposed exploratory sites could be 

opened to Pinnacle for drilling. Your group will need to prioritize these five 

sites within LG100 as to risks to corals and coral habitat from drilling 

(High/Medium/Low) as well as to other sensitive areas (i.e., archaeological 

sites) and support your claims with evidence. Please also indicate trade-offs 

that scientists, resource managers and representatives from Pinnacle 

Petroleum must consider when negotiating a permit.

In addition to information on BOEM attached to this memo, your group will 

receive various maps with notes describing each map. These will include 1) a 

map of possible hard surfaces (i.e., referred to as “amplitude”), 2) a map 

showing known coral occurrences, 3) a map showing seafloor topography 

(a.k.a. “bathymetry”), 4) a map combining potential hard surfaces and 

bathymetry, and 5) a map with existing wells, known shipwrecks, and other 

notations. Be sure to read the notes on the back of each map carefully. 

At this time, one known Lophelia community has been located in LG100 

although the entire area has not been explored. There will not be time for 

additional observations of the sea floor before your report is due so you will 

have to use your expertise to predict where other Lophelia sites may be. You 

must work with the information currently available and draw upon your 

expertise of Lophelia biology to help with this task. 

We welcome any additional suggestions or ideas your group may have that 

might help us in developing a more comprehensive management plan for 

LG100 and other deep-water communities in the future.

621
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Challenge Scenario – Student Handout 2

Background Notes on BOEM and the OCS

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), a bureau within the U.S. 

Department of Interior, is the federal agency responsible for overseeing 

the safe and environmentally sound management of offshore energy and 

minerals on the 1.76 billion acres of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The 

OCS, defined by federal statute, refers to all submerged lands lying 

seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters of each 

State. The OCS is a significant source of oil and gas for the Nation’s energy 

supply. Approximately 43 million acres of the OCS account for about 15 

percent of America’s domestic natural gas production and about 27 percent 

of America’s domestic oil production. The OCS is subject to the jurisdiction 

and control of the United States federal government.

Oil and gas companies interested in drilling for oil on the OCS must purchase 

a 5-year lease agreement through BOEM for access to the area they are 

interested in developing and then must apply for drilling permits to ensure 

compliance with regulations. More information on this process of leasing 

including a history of offshore petroleum exploration and development can 

be found at http://www.boem.gov/Oil-and-Gas-EnergyProgram/Leasing/Leasing.aspx. 

To help protect the environment of the OCS, BOEM sponsors scientific 

research to understand the extent of ecosystems found there. Deep-sea 

coral communities, for example, have been studied extensively in the last 10+ 

years through independent research projects sponsored by this agency. In 

addition to adding to the scientific body of knowledge about deep-sea 

marine ecosystems, results from these research projects are used by

BOEM’s scientists to advise policy makers when making decisions about 

development of resources on the OCS. 

Drilling Restrictions: Because drill sites typically discharge a great deal of 

mud and drill cuttings that can damage benthic communities and historic 

archaeological sites, BOEM currently provides strict guidelines for the 

placement of drilling platforms to ensure protection of sensitive sites. Drill 

sites may not be within 2000’ of a sensitive site. Additionally, if the drill site 

platform has anchors, there must be an additional 1000’ buffer surrounding 

anchor lines when in the area of a known sensitive feature. 

622
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Challenge Scenario – Student Handout 1

Pinnacle Petroleum “Environmental Impact Assessment and Prioritization” 

Report Rubric

Your report should have the following components: 

• Purpose of the environmental impact assessment and prioritization. 

•Members of your scientific research group. 

•General description of each exploratory drill site: 

o A general description of the site to include depth, topography of the area, 

and seafloor surface characteristics; 

o Distance to and description of nearby sensitive sites, or in unexplored areas, 

potentially sensitive sites; 

o With respect to potential Lophelia communities, description of suitability of 

site for deep coral community (i.e., potential for current flow); 

o Benefits and disadvantages of drilling at this site.

•Final recommendation of site with lowest potential for disturbing Lophelia

communities or archeological sites (e.g., shipwrecks); your recommendation 

should be supported with evidence from the maps and from your understanding 

of Lophelia corals and coral communities. You should also indicate why the other 

sites are less desirable for drilling. 

Report Rubric

4 - Exceptional 3 - Well Done 2 - Needs More 

Work

1 - Not Acceptable

Clearly states purpose 

that includes an 

explanation of 

importance of the 

report

Clearly states purpose 

for environmental 

impact assessment

Purpose for report is 

vague, incomplete, or 

misleading

Purpose for report is 

missing

General description of 

each site includes 

everything mentioned 

in 3-WellDone plus 

inferences about the 

current

General description of 

each of the five sites 

includes depth, 

seafloor surface 

characteristics, 

topography, and 

distance to nearest 

sensitive sites 

(shipwrecks, Lophelia

communities or areas 

where Lophelia is likely 

to occur)

General description of 

each of the five sites 

is present but missing 

some information 

listed in 3-WellDone

Only two or fewer 

sites are described.

623
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Challenge Scenario – Student Handout 2

4 - Exceptional 3 - Well Done 2 - Needs More 

Work

1 - Not Acceptable

Presents 

recommendation for 

best site for 

petroleum exploration

Presents 

recommendation for 

best site for 

petroleum exploration

Presents 

recommendation for 

best site for 

petroleum exploration

Recommendation for 

petroleum exploration 

site is unclear or not 

present

Supports 

recommendation with 

evidence from 4 or 5 

maps

Supports 

recommendation with 

evidence of seafloor 

surface 

characteristics, 

topography, possible 

effects of topography 

on currents

Supports 

recommendation with 

evidence from 1 or 2 

physical features of 

the site

Does not support 

recommendation with 

information of physical 

features from maps

Clearly and directly 

connects 

recommendation with 

evidence from 

understanding of 

Lophelia biology and 

ecology

Supports 

recommendation with 

evidence from 

understanding of 

Lophelia biology and 

ecology

Mentions Lophelia

biology and ecology but 

does not explain direct 

relationship to 

recommended location

Does not support 

recommendation with 

evidence from 

understanding of 

Lophelia biology and 

ecology

Presents evidence for 

remaining 3 or 4 

exploration sites to 

explain why the areas 

should not be opened 

to exploration

Presents additional 

recommendation for an 

alternative exploration 

site supported with 

evidence from maps 

and Lophelia biology & 

ecology

No alternative 

exploration site 

presented

No alternative 

exploration site 

presented

624
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 1 – On the Bottom of the Gulf 1

Lesson.1.N.On.the.Bottom.of.the.Gulf.of.Mexico

Focus

This$lesson$introduces$students$to$conditions$on$the$seafloor,$and$to$communities$of$

coldWwater$corals$and$associated$species.$

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question.

What$are$conditions$like$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico?$$

What$organisms$live$there?$

Learning.Objectives:$

• Students$will$be$able$to$characterize$the$general$environmental$conditions$at$500$

meters$depth$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico;$

• Students$will$be$able$to$identify$the$more$common$macrofauna$on$the$bottom$of$the$

Gulf$with$emphasis$on$Lophelia$and$its$associates;

• Students$will$be$able$to$make$generalizations$about$patterns$in$the$distribution$of$

organisms$within$coldWwater$coral$communities.$

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts...

5$W$The$ocean$supports$a$great$diversity$of$life$and$ecosystems.$

F.$Ocean$habitats$are$defined$by$environmental$factors.$Due$to$interactions$of$abiotic$

factors$such$as$salinity,$temperature,$oxygen,$pH,$light,$nutrients,$pressure,$substrate$

and$circulation,$ocean$life$is$not$evenly$distributed$temporally$or$spatially,$i.e.,$it$is$

“patchy.”$Some$regions$of$the$ocean$support$more$diverse$and$abundant$life$than$

anywhere$on$Earth,$while$much$of$the$ocean$is$considered$a$desert.$$

7$W$The$ocean$is$largely$unexplored.

D.$New$technologies,$sensors$and$tools$are$expanding$our$ability$to$explore$the$ocean.$

Ocean$scientists$are$relying$more$and$more$on$satellites,$drifters,$buoys,$subsea$

observatories$and$unmanned$submersibles.$$

Materials

• Copies$of$Journey)to)the)Bottom)of)the)Sea;$one$copy$per$student

• Video$clip$(onWline)$of$ROV$Jason$launch$and$maneuvering$on$the$bottom$

http://www.whoi.edu/ndsfVehicles/Jason/ .

• Video$clips$(onWline)$of$several$coldWwater$coral$communities$(especially$August$31$W$

Lophelia)pertusa$in$Garden$Banks$region,$September$3$–$newly$discovered$Lophelia

reef$structure,$September$6$–$Viosca$Knoll$shipwreck$with$Lophelia)community,$

September$8$–$Ewing$Banks$shipwreck$with$Lophelia$community)$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/photolog/photolog.ht

ml

• Color$copies$of$photomosaics$with$corresponding$high$resolution$photos$(6$per$

mosaic);$one$photomosaic$set$for$each$group$of$students$(note:$three$different$

mosaics$are$provided:$F,$H1,$and$Q)

625
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 1 – On the Bottom of the Gulf 2

• Deep)Gulf)of)Mexico)Organisms)Dichotomous)Key)(pdf);$two$copies$for$each$student$

group$$

• Photomosaics)Organisms)Key;$one$copy$for$reference$(teacher$use)

• Poster$paper$or$posterWsize$white$boards;$one$for$each$group$of$students

• WaterWcolor$markers$or$DryWerase$markers;$3$different$colors$for$each$group$of

students

AudioNVisual.Materials.

• Computer$with$projector$

• Student$computers$if$using$electronic$copies$of$photomosaics$and$high$resolution$

pictures

Teaching.Time.

Two$45W50$minute$class$periods$

Seating.Arrangement.

Groups$of$3W4$students$ $

Key.Words.

Lophelia)

ColdWwater$coral

Macrofauna

Substrate

Sessile/Motile

Dichotomous$key$

ROV

Background.Information.

History$of$Ocean$Exploration$–$This$first$website$presents$a$general$timeline$of$major$

oceanographic$discoveries$and$events$from$1807$to$1995.$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/history/timeline/timeline.html$$

At$the$following$website,$you$can$read$about$3$types$of$underwater$research$vehicles$

developed$in$the$1960’s$and$in$use$today.$This$site$includes$information$on$the$ROV$

Jason.$

http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/robotics/vehicles.html$$

Jason,$Woods$Hole$Oceanographic$Institute$(WHOI),$Remotely$Operated$Vehicle$(ROV)$W$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/subs/rov/rov.html$and$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/subs/jason/welcome.html.$

To$include$an$activity$or$for$more$background$information$on$ROVs,$see$the$Ocean$

Explorer$lesson$“My$Wet$Robot”$from$the$Bonaire$2008:$Exploring$Coral$Reef$

Sustainability$with$New$Technologies$Expedition$at$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/08bonaire/background/edu/media/wetr

obot.pdf.$

Photomosaics$–$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug30/aug30.html$W$

Essay$written$by$one$of$the$scientists$who$created$the$photomosaics$the$students$will$

626
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 1 – On the Bottom of the Gulf 3

use.$She$describes$the$process$using$language$easily$accessible$by$high$school$students.$

Students$could$read$the$essay$for$homework$between$the$first$and$second$days$of$this$

lesson.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/logs/oct18/oct18.html$W$

Information$and$pictures$of$how$the$photomosaics$from$a$previous$expedition$are$used$

in$seafloor$ecology$studies$is$presented$within$a$log$entry$from$the$2010$expedition.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/background/intro/media/intr

o2.html$W$This$photomosaic$clearly$shows$the$hard$rock$needed$for$coral$communities.$

Lophelia:$Reefs,$Wrecks,$and$Rigs$Study$–$These$sites$provide$an$overview$and$details$of$

the$3$expeditions$to$explore$Lophelia$and$associated$communities$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/08lophelia/welcome.html$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/welcome.html

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/welcome.html

Learning.Procedure

1) Tell$the$students$that$they$will$be$studying$a$part$of$the$Earth$that$has$not$been$

completely$explored$but$contains$important$resources$–$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$

Mexico.$Ask$them$what$they$think$they$might$find$if$they$went$500$meters$

(approximately$5$football$fields)$deep$to$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$After$

accepting$answers$from$several$students,$hand$out$the$Journey)to)the)Ocean)Bottom

probe$and$ask$each$student$to$answer$the$questions.$Collect$the$probes$from$each$

student.$

2) Ask$the$students$how$scientists$could$find$out$what$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$

is$like?$Accept$answers$from$a$few$students.$If$students$don’t$mention$it,$tell$them$

about$these$methods:

• $The$earliest$information$came$from$fishermen$who$dragged$fishing$nets$across$

the$bottom,$called$bottom$trawling;$

•Engineers$and$scientists$sent$drills$down$from$cranes$on$ships$to$take$core$

samples$of$the$ocean$bottom.$This$has$been$important$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$as$

petroleum$companies$have$explored$to$locate$large$reservoirs$of$petroleum;$

•ROVs$(Remotely$Operated$Vehicles)$are$used$to$take$photos$and$collect$samples$

from$the$bottom$of$the$ocean;$

•HOVs$(Human$Occupied$Vehicles)$are$used$to$take$photos$and$collect$samples$

from$the$bottom$of$the$ocean.$These$are$miniature$submarines$and$must$be$

carefully$designed$to$protect$their$human$occupants$from$the$intense$pressures.$

3) Show$the$class$the$3Wminute$video$clip$of$Jason,$an$ROV$from$Woods$Hole$

Oceanographic$Institute$(WHOI),$http://www.whoi.edu/ndsfVehicles/Jason/.$While$

they$watch$the$video$clip,$ask$students$to$jot$down$3$facts$about$Jason$that$make$it$

suitable$for$exploring$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$or$any$ocean.$After$the$video,$

discuss$some$of$these$and$create$a$master$list$of$the$features$that$make$it$possible$to$

explore$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$You$may$want$to$play$the$clip$a$second$

time$to$see$if$there$are$important$points$that$students$didn’t$catch$the$first$time.$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 1 – On the Bottom of the Gulf 4

4) Tell$the$class$that$now$they$will$look$at$photographs$and$video$taken$from$Jason$at$a$

location$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$This$is$what$scientists$could$see$while$

onWboard$the$ship$to$which$Jason$was$tethered.$Show$a$couple$of$the$video$clips,$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/photolog/photolog.ht

ml,$to$introduce$students$to$the$photos$they$will$be$examining.$Try$to$communicate$

the$excitement$of$exploring$a$new$area$and$only$being$able$to$see$what$Jason’s$lights$

and$cameras$reveal.$The$purpose$of$the$work$is$for$students$to$see$actual$locations$

and$communities$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$and$to$identify$some$of$the$

organisms.$Students$will$work$in$groups$of$3W4$to$examine$pictures,$use$a$

dichotomous$key$to$identify$organisms,$and$present$their$findings$to$the$class.$$

5) Provide$each$group$with$a$photomosaic$(photo)$and$the$high$resolution$photos$that$

go$with$it$or$computer$access$to$the$photomosaic$file$and$high$resolution$photo$files.$

Each$group$should$also$receive$a$copy$of$the$dichotomous$key.$If$students$aren’t$

familiar$with$dichotomous$keys,$teach$them$how$to$use$one.$Emphasize$that$they$

are$scientists$trying$to$understand$what$they’ve$seen$as$Jason$explores$the$bottom$

of$the$Gulf.$Describe$how$the$photomosaics$are$created$(see$background$

information).$They$should$identify$organisms$and$look$for$any$patterns$in$their$

distribution.$A$lab$sheet$(Lesson$1:$On)the)Bottom)of)the)Gulf)of)Mexico)$has$been$

provided$to$help$with$making$the$observations$and$looking$for$patterns.$Although$

students$could$spend$much$more$time$on$this$task$to$do$a$thorough$job,$the$idea$is$

for$this$to$be$an$introduction$rather$than$a$detailed$study$of$the$diversity.$A$black$

and$white$key$of$organisms$found$in$each$of$the$high$resolution$images$is$provided$

for$your$use.$

6) Have$each$group$present$their$findings.$If$more$than$one$group$has$the$same$

picture,$the$second$group$can$present$anything$new$that$the$first$group$didn’t$

mention.$It’s$likely$that$each$group$will$have$identified$different$organisms.$At$the$

conclusion$of$the$presentations,$have$the$class$resolve$any$disputes$around$

organism$identifications$and$generate$a$list$of$major$findings$based$on$the$

information$from$the$presentations.$It$should$be$clear$to$students$that$the$corals$are$

found$attached$to$hard$surfaces,$like$rock,$shipwrecks$or$oil$platforms$and$not$on$

mud$(see$Materials$for$videos$that$can$be$used$to$emphasize$this$point).$It$should$

also$be$clear$that$a$community$of$organisms$can$be$found$in$the$same$area$as$the$

corals,$even$though$these$associated$organisms$are$not$directly$dependent$on$the$

hard$surfaces. Record$any$questions$that$arise,$saying$only$that$we$will$explore$the$

questions$more$in$future$lessons.$Introduce$the$students$to$Lophelia,)the$white,$

branching$coral$prominent$in$many$of$the$pictures$as$an$important$organism$in$

these$coldWwater$communities$and$the$focal$organism$for$the$unit.$Students$will$

learn$more$about$the$biology$of$Lophelia$in$lesson$3$

7) At$the$close$of$the$lesson,$ask$the$students$why$they$think$scientists$bother$to$study$

such$remote$areas.$It$takes$a$lot$of$resources$(e.g.,$money,$time)$to$collect$a$limited$

amount$of$information.$Why$might$scientists$think$this$is$important?$Why$might$the$

organizations$that$fund$such$expeditions$think$it’s$important?$Accept$all$answers,$

including$those$that$claim$it$is$not$important$to$study$the$bottom$of$the$ocean.$In$

upcoming$lessons,$students$will$have$additional$time$to$reflect$on$their$learning.$

628
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 1 – On the Bottom of the Gulf 5

Take$notes$of$their$thinking$at$this$time$so$you$can$continue$to$probe$for$changes$in$

their$thinking$as$the$unit$progresses.$

8) After$the$first$class$session,$look$over$the$student$responses$to$the$Journey)to)the)

Ocean)Bottom$probe.$Select$5$W$6$of$the$most$common$responses$as$to$what$could$be$

found$on$the$bottom$and$select$5$–$6$of$the$most$common$responses$as$to$what$

would$not$be$found$on$the$bottom.$There$might$be$a$few$items$where$students$are$

unsure$and$where$there$are$a$fairly$equal$number$of$students$who$said$they$could$

find$this$as$those$who$said$they$would$not$find$it$on$the$bottom.$List$these$as$

“Uncertain.”$Pay$attention$to$responses$to$‘light,’$and$any$plants.$Finding$out$that$

there$is$no$light$and$consequently$no$primary$producers/plants$will$be$a$surprising$

discovery$for$some$students.$

9) On$the$second$day,$post$the$most$common$and$uncertain$responses$in$the$room$and$

briefly$discuss$with$the$class$how$you$selected$these.$Also$share$with$them$some$of$

their$reasoning$as$to$why$or$why$not$they$might$find$certain$things.$The$point$is$to$

demonstrate$and$validate$a$wide$range$of$thinking$and$reasoning.$You$aren’t$telling$

them$that$any$of$these$are$correct$or$incorrect,$but$that$they$will$learn$much$more$

about$in$the$next$two$weeks.$You$can$refer$back$to$these$responses$when$the$topic$

comes$up$throughout$the$unit.$$

The.“Me”.Connection

Have$students$write$a$brief$essay$describing$how$ocean$ecosystems$might$be$of$

importance$to$their$family’s$food$supply,$the$climate$and$weather$in$their$region,$future$

employment$and$career$possibilities,$or$some$other$aspect$of$their$lives.$

Assessment

Students’$presentations$of$identified$organisms$and$distribution$patterns$provides$an$

opportunity$to$check$whether$they$have$reached$the$conclusions$described$in$Learning$

Procedure$6$above$and$the$overall$Learning$Objectives.$

Extensions

$ Read$the$Cruise$Overviews$from$the$Lophelia)II$cruises$in$2008W2010.$Students$can$

explore$these$sites$on$their$own$or$as$homework.$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/08lophelia/welcome.html$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/welcome.html

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/welcome.html

Multimedia.Discovery.Missions

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/welcome.html$

Click$on$the$links$to$Lessons$3,$5,$and$6$for$interactive$multimedia$presentations$and$

Learning$Activities$on$DeepWSea$Corals.

Other.Resources.

The)Web)links)below)are)provided)for)informational)purposes)only.)Links)outside)of)Ocean)

Explorer)have)been)checked)at)the)time)of)this)page’s)publication,)but)the)linking)sites)may)

become)outdated)or)non+operational)over)time.

629
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 1 – On the Bottom of the Gulf 6

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov$$–$Web$site$for$NOAA’s$Ocean$Exploration$Program

http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/edufun/book/welcome.html#book$$–$A$free$

printable$book$for$home$and$school$use$introduced$in$2004$to$celebrate$the$200th$

anniversary$of$NOAA;$nearly$200$pages$of$lessons$focusing$on$the$exploration,$

understanding,$and$protection$of$Earth$as$a$whole$system

http://www.coastWnopp.org/$$W$Resource$Guide$from$the$Consortium$for$Oceanographic$

Activities$for$Students$and$Teachers,$containing$modules,$guides,$and$lesson$plans$

covering$topics$related$to$oceanography$and$coastal$processes

http://coseeWcentralWgom.org/$$$W$Web$site$for$The$Center$for$Ocean$Sciences$Education$

Excellence:$Central$Gulf$of$Mexico$(COSEEWCGOM)

630
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 1 – Student Handout 

Journey to the Bottom of the Sea Name: ___________

What would you see if you went to the bottom of the ocean?

In the list below, place an “X” next to each item that you think you could 

find on the bottom of the ocean if you were 500 meters (about 1600 feet) 

from the surface of the ocean on the bottom. Mark a “U” if you don’t know 

what something is. Use the empty blanks to add anything you think you would 

find but isn’t on the list.

____ rocks ____ fish ____ sharks ____ snails

____ people ____ seaweed ____ crabs ____ plants

____ corals ____ sea jellies ____ worms ____ flowers

____ trees ____ light ____ mud ____ shrimp

____ cold water ____ hot water ____ fishing nets ____ clams

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

In the space below, explain why you think you’ll find the things you marked 

an “X” by on the bottom of the ocean.

In the space below, explain why you think you won’t find each of the other 

things on the bottom of the ocean.

631
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 1 – Student Handout 

On the Bottom of the Gulf of Mexico Name: __________

Photomosaic Name or Number ________________________________ 

Organism 

Name & 

Number 

Observed

Description or Sketch of 

Organism (e.g., size, 

color, shape, sessile or 

motile)

Description of Habitat & 

Community Conditions 

(e.g., location, proximity 

to other organisms, 

substrate)

Notes

Conclusions on Patterns or Trends: 

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ 

____________________________________________________________ 

____________________________________________________________ 

632
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 2 – Ocean Bottom Questions 1

Lesson.2.N.What.Are.the.Secrets.for.Life.on.the.Bottom.of.the.

Gulf.of.Mexico?..

Focus

This$lesson$continues$students’$exploration$of$Gulf$of$Mexico$bottom$conditions$and$

emphasizes$the$formation$seafloor$rock$and$its$importance$to$Lophelia)pertusa.

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question.

What$questions$do$we$have$about$Lophelia$and$other$organisms$observed$in$Lesson$1?$

Learning.Objectives:$

• Students$will$be$able$to$articulate$questions$about$the$deep$Gulf$environment$and$the$

coral$communities$they$observed$in$pictures;$

• Students$will$be$able$to$identify$that$coral$communities$develop$in$areas$with$a$hard$

surface$and$that$the$rocks$tend$to$be$formed$by$bacteria$in$hydrocarbon$seep$areas;

• Students$will$be$able$to$describe$some$of$the$difficulties$associated$with$studying$

remote$areas$and$organisms.$

• Students$will$develop$a$sense$of$ownership$in$the$unit$as$they$raise$questions$that$

they$would$like$to$learn$more$about.$

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts..

2$–$The$ocean$and$life$in$the$ocean$shape$the$features$of$the$Earth.$

A. Many$earth$minerals$and$geochemical$cycles$originate$in$the$ocean.$Many$of$the$

sedimentary$rocks$now$exposed$on$land$were$formed$in$the$ocean.$Ocean$life$laid$

down$the$vast$volume$of$siliceous$and$carbonate$rocks.$$

C. Erosion$–$the$wearing$away$of$rock,$soil$and$other$biotic$and$abiotic$earth$materials$

–$occurs$in$coastal$areas$as$wind,$waves,$and$currents$in$rivers$and$the$ocean$move$

sediments.$$

Materials

• Photomosaics$and$highWresolution$photos$from$Lesson$1$

• Poster$paper$or$posterWsize$white$boards;$one$for$each$group$of$3W4$students

• WaterWcolor$markers$or$DryWerase$markers;$3$different$colors$for$each$group$of$3W4$

students

• Sticky$notes$(optional)

• Bookmark$the$following$websites$so$you$can$get$to$them$easily,$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/logs/may30/media/garden_

600.html and$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug25/media/movies/

coral_hard_bottom_video.html#

AudioNVisual.Materials.

• Computer$and$projector$with$internet$access$

633
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 2 – Ocean Bottom Questions 2

Teaching.Time.

One$45W50$minute$class$periods$

Seating.Arrangement.

Groups$of$3W4$students

Key.Words

Benthic$zone

Hydrocarbons

Authigenic$carbonate$

ROV

Background.Information.

This$lesson$continues$to$introduce$students$to$conditions$in$the$coldWwater$coral$

communities$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$by$explaining$the$formation$of$rock,$called$authigenic$

carbonate$rock,$essential$for$coral$dispersal$and$survival.$Authigenic$carbonate$rock$is$

closely$associated$with$seep$areas$where$oil$and$gases$leak$out$of$the$sediments$and$

provide$energy$for$microorganisms.$While$you$might$first$think$that$rock$and$seeps$are$not$

connected,$you$will$find$that$there$is$a$very$close$connection.$The$remainder$of$the$lesson$

provides$students$with$an$opportunity$to$voice$questions$about$the$communities$on$the$

bottom$of$the$Gulf.$You$will$use$these$questions$to$help$introduce$and$develop$subsequent$

lessons.

Formation)of)Authigenic)Carbonate)Rock$W$The$first$website$is$an$article$with$basic$

information$on$the$formation$of$rock$by$microorganisms$at$seep$sites.$A$portion$of$the$

article$has$been$included$below.$The$second$link$shows$a$map$of$an$area$on$the$bottom$of$

the$Gulf$of$Mexico$illustrating$the$prevalence$of$sediments$compared$to$hard$rock$surfaces.$

The$third$link$is$a$video$that$shows$a$bamboo$coral$attached$to$authigenic$carbonate$rock.$

It$is$a$very$clear$picture$of$the$rock.$The$fourth$website$provides$a$link$to$more$background$

information$on$the$formation$of$authigenic$rock.$An$excerpt$is$included$below.$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug25/aug25.html

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug25/media/bathy_map.ht

ml$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug25/media/movies/coral

_hard_bottom_video.html#

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/background/geology/geology.htm

l

Bill$Shedd,$Bureau$of$Ocean$Energy$Management$(BOEM,$formerly$the$U.S.$Minerals$

Management$Service,$MMS)$

“Seeps$are$areas$where$oil$or$gas$leaks$to$the$seafloor.$The$Gulf$of$Mexico,$like$

other$ocean$basins$across$the$world,$has$many$active$natural$oil$and$gas$seafloor$

seeps.$The$same$deep,$organicWrich$formations$of$rock$from$which$oil$companies$

drill$and$produce$hydrocarbons$are$also$“feeding”$these$seafloor$seeps.$Under$the$

right$amount$of$heat$and$pressure,$the$rock$formations$expel$oil$and$gas,$through$

fractures$and$faults,$upward$to$the$shallower$porous$and$permeable$reservoirs.$

The$oil$and$gas$may$eventually$reach$the$seafloor,$rise$to$the$sea$surface,$and$then$

634
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 2 – Ocean Bottom Questions 3

form$oil$slicks$or$enter$into$the$atmosphere.$In$the$atmosphere,$natural$gas$acts$as$

a$powerful$greenhouse$gas.

In$the$seep$sediments,$bacteria$consume$hydrocarbons,$such$as$oil$and$gas,$

voraciously.$The$chemical$processes$involved$in$devouring$the$hydrocarbons$

causes$a$calcium$carbonate$rock$to$form$near$the$surface$of$the$seafloor.$The$3WD$

geophysical$data$help$us$locate$these$carbonate$rocks.$Where$adequate$currents$

carry$sediment$away$from$the$rocks,$the$exposed$rocks$become$good$places$for$

various$larvae$to$settle$and$grow.

At$the$most$actively$seeping$sites,$“chemosynthetic”$organisms$thrive.$These$are$

clams,$mussels,$and$tube$worms$that$contain$bacteria$living$in$their$tissue.$The$

bacteria$that$consume$oil,$natural$gas,$and$hydrogen$sulfide$provide$energy$for$

their$host$organisms.$Where$the$seepage$has$subsided$and$the$chemosynthetic$

organisms$die$off,$deepWwater$corals$and$other$sessile$animals$can$potentially$

colonize$the$carbonate$rocks.$Any$other$suitable$hard$surface,$such$as$the$legs$of$

oil$and$gas$producing$platforms$and$shipwrecks,$can$support$these$animals$as$long$

as$the$conditions$are$right.”

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug25/aug25.html

“In$cases$where$hydrocarbons$slowly$seep$to$the$seabed,$microbes$catalyze$the$

precipitation$of$CaWMg$carbonates,$resulting$in$hardgrounds$and$moundWlike$carbonate$

buildups.$In$many$areas,$these$carbonates$are$the$hard$substrates$for$deepWwater$coral$

communities$and$other$communities$requiring$hardbottom$conditions.”$

Harry$Roberts,$Louisiana$State$University

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/background/geology/geology.htm

l

General$Information$on$Lophelia)pertusa$in$the$South$Atlantic,$including$age$estimates.$

http://www.safmc.net/HabitatManagement/DeepwaterCorals/Lophelia/tabid/247/Defau

lt.aspx

Learning.Procedure.

1) Review$with$students$the$patterns$they$observed$in$the$photos$from$the$previous$

lesson.$Project$one$of$the$pictures$that$best$illustrates$these$patterns.$Discuss$briefly$

any$new$observations$that$were$overlooked$during$Lesson$1.$Students$should$be$

able$to$state$at$this$point$that$the$corals$form$on$hard$surfaces$like$rock,$not$on$mud.$$$

2) Show$the$picture$at$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/logs/may30/media/garden

_600.html$$and$the$video$at$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug25/media/movie

s/coral_hard_bottom_video.html#.$Point$out$the$rocks$on$which$the$corals$are$

attached.$$Students$will$be$able$to$see$in$the$video$how$the$coral$is$attached$and$why$

the$rock$is$critical$for$coral$communities.$Tell$the$students$that$this$rock$has$an$

interesting$history.$As$hydrocarbons$(oil$and$methane$gas)$from$layers$of$rock$

635
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 2 – Ocean Bottom Questions 4

underneath$the$sediments$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$leaked$or$seeped$through$the$mud,$

up$to$the$water,$bacteria$in$the$sediment$consumed$these$chemicals$and$

transformed$them$into$the$rock.$Without$the$oil$and$gas$reservoirs$deep$under$the$

Gulf$of$Mexico,$we$wouldn’t$have$the$carbonate$rocks$on$which$the$corals$and$other$

sessile$(i.e.,$fixed,$stationary)$organisms$depend.$$Project$a$couple$of$the$pictures$

and$video$clips$used$in$Lesson$1$to$look$more$closely$at$the$rock$and$how$the$coral$

are$attached$to$it.$Emphasize$that$for$the$most$part,$once$the$coral$communities$

form,$very$little$hydrocarbon$seepage$is$occurring.$$$$

3) Tell$the$students$to$pretend$that$they$are$scientists$who$have$seen$the$very$first$

images$of$coldWwater$coral$communities.$The$scientists$are$eager$to$study$these$

systems$and$learn$as$much$as$they$can$about$them.$Ask$the$students$to$individually$

write$down$three$questions$they$have$about$the$coral$communities$they$have$

observed.$Remind$them$to$use$scientific$words$as$much$as$possible$as$they$write$

their$questions.$$

4) $In$groups$of$3$–$4,$ask$the$students$to$take$turns$sharing$their$questions$and$then$

categorizing$them$following$the$Question$Sharing$Protocol$below.$$$

Question)Sharing)Protocol:$Lead$a$class$discussion$by$first$sharing$the$categories$of$

questions$compiled$by$each$group.$From$this$list,$combine$similar$categories$and$

adopt$a$class$set$of$categories.$Then$ask$each$group$to$share$two$of$their$best$

questions$(let$them$decide$what$“best”$means)$and$list$them$underneath$the$

corresponding$category.$Ask$the$groups$to$elaborate$on$why$they$think$this$is$an$

important$or$interesting$question.$At$the$end$of$the$discussion,$the$class$will$have$a$

list$of$categories$(i.e.,$biology$of$corals,$life$cycle$of$corals,$ocean$currents,$

interactions$within$coral$ecosystems,$water$quality)$and$questions$of$interest$for$

each$category.$$$

5) Tell$the$students$that$many$of$the$questions$they$have$raised,$scientists$have$also$

asked.$Some$of$them$can$be$answered,$but$for$many$of$the$questions,$scientists$

continue$to$conduct$investigations$to$test$various$hypotheses.$In$the$next$2$weeks,$

the$class$will$investigate$many$of$the$questions$they$have$raised.$Ask$students$why$

they$think$learning$more$about$these$remote$communities$is$important.$There$will$

be$a$variety$of$answers.$Tell$them$they$will$need$to$learn$more$about$the$coral$

communities$to$determine$how$to$handle$the$real$issue$of$conserving$coral$

communities$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$and$allowing$oil$drilling.$

6) If$you$haven’t$already$done$so,$introduce$the$“Pinnacle$Petroleum$Permit”$Challenge$

Scenario$that$synthesizes$and$applies$the$concepts$learned$in$all$the$lessons.$Tell$

students$that$although$the$age$of$the$coral$communities$they$have$looked$at$is$

unknown,$some$Lophelia)pertusa$colonies$off$the$Atlantic$coast$of$Florida$are$

believed$to$be$approximately$700$years$old$(see$www.safmc.net$website$in$

Background$Information).$ColdWwater$corals$grow$very$slowly,$depending$on$water$

temperature$and$food$availability,$and$they$are$fragile.$Ask$students$to$think$about$

threats$to$deepWwater$coral$communities$that$might$exist.$Possible$responses$

include$any$type$of$activity$that$disturbs$the$seafloor$surface,$such$as$bottom$

trawling$(i.e.,$a$fishing$method$where$boats$drag$nets$along$the$bottom),$oil$drilling,$

636
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 2 – Ocean Bottom Questions 5

and$oil$spills.$You$can$show$pictures$of$drilling$platforms$and$platforms$in$the$Gulf$

of$Mexico$(http://www.cruisebruise.com/gulf_of_mexico_oil_platorms.jpg,$

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_platform),$and$fishing$gear$

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trawling).$Students$may$also$mention$global$climate$

change$(global$warming)$and$may$have$heard$that$the$oceans$are$becoming$more$

acidic$because$they$are$absorbing$more$carbon$dioxide$from$the$atmosphere.$Tell$

the$students$that$at$the$end$of$the$unit,$they$will$work$in$teams$to$analyze$an$

exploratory$drilling$proposal$submitted$by$a$company$interested$in$expanding$their$

oil$production.$The$job$of$the$students$will$be$to$evaluate$and$respond$to$the$

company’s$drilling$application.$To$do$this,$they$will$need$to$understand$more$about$

the$biology$and$ecology$of$coldWwater$coral$communities$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$If$

students$are$concerned$about$oil$drilling$and$tend$toward$banning$all$drilling,$

remind$them$that$we$all$rely$on$petroleum$for$many$things,$including$gasoline$for$

cars,$plastics,$heating$oil$and$gas,$and$tar$for$roads.$In$addition,$many,$many$jobs$

depend$on$the$availability$of$oil$and$on$oil$companies$working$profitably.$Consider$

the$question:$How$can$oil$drilling$continue$but$in$a$way$that$doesn’t$harm$the$coral$

communities$at$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico?$This$is$the$question$students$will$

address$in$the$next$couple$of$weeks.$

7) At$this$time,$return$to$the$Challenge$Scenario$and$present$students$with$map$1W

Amplitude.

The.“Me”.Connection

Have$students$research$various$products$that$are$based$on$petroleum.$How$many$of$

these$do$they$use$in$one$day?$Make$a$list.

Assessment

Students$will$reveal$their$thinking$when$they$present$reasons$for$why$they$feel$their$

questions$are$interesting$to$investigate$or$important$to$understand.$Assess$whether$or$

not$the$reasons$they$give$relate$directly$to$the$context$of$understanding$deep$benthic$

(ocean$bottom)$communities$below$the$photic$(light)$zone.$If$the$questions$and$reasons$

seem$unrelated$to$this$habitat,$go$back$to$the$pictures$and$video$clips$in$Lesson$1$and$

guide$the$students$to$restate$their$questions$within$the$context$of$these$pictures.

Extensions

$ Read$the$Cruise$Overviews$from$the$Lophelia$II$cruises$in$2008W2010.$Students$can$

explore$these$sites$on$their$own$or$as$homework.$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/08lophelia/welcome.html$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/welcome.html

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/welcome.html

Multimedia.Discovery.Missions

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/welcome.html$

Click$on$the$links$to$Lessons$3,$5,$and$6$for$interactive$multimedia$presentations$and$

Learning$Activities$on$DeepWSea$Corals.

637
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

Lesson.3.N.Lophelia.Biology

Focus

In$this$lesson,$students$learn$about$basic$coral$biology$and$Lophelia)pertusa$natural$history.$

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question.

How$does$Lophelia)survive$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico?$

Learning.Objectives:$

• Students$will$be$able$to$label$a$diagram$of$a$coral$polyp$to$show$the$tentacles,$mouth,$

stomach,$nematocysts,$and$skeleton$

• Students$will$be$able$to$describe$the$basic$biological$processes$of$Lophelia)coral$that$

allow$survival$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$(e.g.,$gas$exchange$(O2$&$CO2),$

eliminate$waste,$obtain$water,$grow,$reproduce,$consume$nutrients$for$energy,$

respond$to$stimuli).$

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts.

5$W$The$ocean$supports$a$great$diversity$of$life$and$ecosystems.$

D.$Ocean$biology$provides$many$unique$examples$of$life$cycles,$adaptations$and$

important$relationships$among$organisms$(symbiosis,$predatorWprey$dynamics$and$

energy$transfer)$that$do$not$occur$on$land.$

Materials

• Copies$of$“Coral$Polyp,$Student$Handout”$noteWtaking$sheet;$one$copy$per$student

• Lophelia)pertusa$Biology$PowerPoint

• List$of$questions$generated$in$Lesson$2

• Slide$script$of$PowerPoint$presentation;$for$teacher$use

AudioNVisual.Materials

• Computer$and$projector$with$internet$access$

Teaching.Time.

One$50$minute$class$period$

Seating.Arrangement.

Facing$projection$screen

Key.Words

Polyp

ColdWwater$coral

Photic$zone

Diffusion

Nematocyst$

Sexual$and$asexual$reproduction

638
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

Gas$exchange

Waste$elimination$

Background.Information.

This$lesson$provides$details$on$the$biology$and$life$history$of$Lophelia)pertusa,$a$coldWwater$

coral$species$that$is$important$in$creating$habitat$for$other$deepWsea$organisms.$Students$

participate$in$an$interactive$PowerPoint$presentation$and$complete$a$worksheet$to$

summarize$the$information.$The$following$websites$provide$excellent$background$

information$on$deepWsea$corals$in$general$and,$specifically,$Lophelia)pertusa.

www.lophelia.org$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/background/biology/biology.htm

l$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug21/aug21.html

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/aug24/aug24.html$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/sept2/sept2.html

Much$more$is$known$about$shallowWwater$coral$and$coral$reefs.$The$following$website$

describes$some$of$what$we$know$about$the$biology$and$ecology$of$coral$found$in$shallower,$

warmer$waters.$$http://coris.noaa.gov/about/biology/$$

Learning.Procedure.

1) Bring$out$the$questions$from$Lesson$2$and$reread$any$questions$related$to$how$

Lophelia)pertusa$or$other$organisms$associated$with$coldWwater$coral$communities$

survive$below.the.photic.zone$(i.e.,$with$no$sunlight).$Tell$students$that$in$this$

lesson,$they$will$learn$more$about$the$anatomy$and$biology$of$Lophelia.

2) Begin$the$PowerPoint$presentation,$using$the$slide$script$(found$following$and$in$

the$notes$of$the$PowerPoint$presentation).$Have$handouts$of$the$coral$polyp$ready$

to$give$to$students$when$you$get$to$slide$7.$Be$sure$to$read$through$the$script$and$

look$at$the$presentation$before$you$do$this$with$students.$If$you$have$questions,$you$

can$check$the$websites$listed$above.$Try$to$involve$the$students$as$much$as$possible$

during$the$presentation.$Ask$questions$(use$prompts$in$script)$and$build$from$

concepts$they$have$already$encountered$in$biology$class.

3) Distribute$the$handout$when$you$get$to$slide$7.$Ask$them$to$predict,$based$on$what$

they$know$about$living$organisms’$needs$to$survive$and$the$anatomy$of$the$coral$

polyp,$the$biological$functions$of$the$organism.$They$will$write$this$in$part$of$each$

box$on$the$handout.$As$they$go$through$the$PowerPoint,$or$at$the$end,$they$can$

correct$their$predictions$and$fill$in$each$box$with$the$details$of$each$process$based$

on$the$information$in$the$presentation.

4) At$the$end$of$the$presentation,$there$is$a$game$with$a$phrase$that$is$only$identified$

by$blanks$for$each$letter$in$each$word.$Students$must$answer$a$question$(provided$

in$script)$about$Lophelia$biology$before$they$can$guess$a$letter.$If$they$guess$a$letter$

639
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

that$is$part$of$the$phrase,$fill$in$the$blanks$with$that$letter$(either$in$the$PowerPoint$

slide$or$on$a$whiteboard$or$poster$paper)$and$award$the$team$5$points$for$each$time$

the$letter$appears.$If$the$letter$does$not$appear,$you$will$need$to$record$that$the$

letter$is$not$in$the$phrase$and$the$team$does$not$receive$any$points.$Set$up$as$many$

teams$as$you’d$like.$Four$or$five$teams$work$well$in$a$class.$

5) Once$a$team$has$guessed$the$phrase$(they$get$5$points$for$each$of$the$remaining$

letters),$discuss$with$the$class$what$the$phrase$means.$How)are)we)connected)to)

coral)communities)on)the)bottom)of)the)sea?)What)do)we)have)in)common)with)them?)

How)might)these)organisms)benefit)humans?)How)might)humans)harm)the)

communities?)Do)human)societies)have)an)ethical)responsibility)to)protect)diverse)

biological)communities)on)Earth?)Students$will$express$a$range$of$responses$to$these$

questions$as$they$speculate$about$various$connections.$Let$them$hear$and$respect$

the$opinions$of$different$classmates.$You$can$come$back$to$this$discussion$whenever$

you$want$and$feel$that$there$is$new$information$or$a$new$perspective$to$consider.$

The.“Me”.Connection

Have$students$research$the$benefits$of$coral$reefs.$The$Coral$Reef$Alliance$website,$

http://www.coral.org/resources/about_coral_reefs/why_care,$has$information$about$

some$of$the$benefits$associated$with$shallowWwater$coral$reefs.$Could$the$coral$

communities$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$provide$any$of$these$same$benefits?$

Assessment

Collect$the$completed$handouts$for$evidence$of$understanding$the$biology$of$Lophelia.

You$can$hand$these$back$to$students$and$go$over$any$of$the$aspects$of$biology$you$feel$the$

students$may$not$have$understood.$

Listen$as$the$students$respond$to$the$game$questions.$Are$there$any$particular$topics$or$

questions$that$seem$to$stump$many$of$the$students?$If$so,$consider$going$back$over$the$

slides$that$relate$to$these$questions.$You$can$also$print$information$from$one$of$the$

Background$Information$websites$and$have$students$read$it$and$write$a$story$about$the$

area$they$were$unsure$about$for$homework.$

Extensions

Read$the$final$log$entry$for$the$Lophelia)II$cruise$in$October/November$2010$to$learn$

more$about$dying$corals,$possibly$due$to$exposure$to$chemicals$or$oil$related$to$the$

Deepwater$Horizon$explosion$on$April$20,$2010.$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10lophelia/logs/nov3/nov3.html$$

Multimedia.Discovery.Missions

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/welcome.html$

Click$on$the$links$to$Lessons$3,$5,$and$6$for$interactive$multimedia$presentations$and$

Learning$Activities$on$DeepWSea$Corals.

640
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

Lophelia.Biology,.PowerPoint.Script

Slide.1

How$do$coral$survive$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico?$

Today$we$will$unravel$part$of$the$mystery$of$how$coral,$such$as$Lophelia$survive$on$the$

bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$Many$of$the$questions$you$asked$in$Lesson$2$could$be$

answered$today.

Slide.2

To$begin$to$unravel$the$mystery$of$coral$survival$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$we$

must$first$answer$the$question:$Is$Lophelia$coral$a$plant,$animal,$fungi,$or$microorganism?$

How$do$you$know?$Take$a$minute$to$jot$down$on$a$piece$of$scrap$paper$what$you$think.$$

Now,$turn$to$your$table$partner$and$compare$your$answers.$Listen$carefully$to$your$

partner’s$reasoning.$Is$it$persuasive?$Has$it$changed$your$thinking?$$

Let’s$hear$from$several$different$people$what$they$are$thinking.$

[Accept$various$student$answers$and$push$for$justifications$and$evidence$that$are$

probable.]

Slide.3

What$evidence$in$this$picture$can$help$you$decide$whether$the$coral$is$a$plant,$animal,$

fungus$or$microorganism?$

Possible.student.responses: Possible.teacher.questions:

I$see$crabs$that$look$like$they$might

be$eating$the$coral.$Therefore$I$think$the$

coral$is$some$type$of$animal$because$

crabs$eat$animals.

How$would$you$classify$crabs:$herbivore,$

carnivore,$or$omnivore?$How$could$we$

find$out?$(crabs)are)omnivores,)eating)

plants,)animals,)fungi,)and)bacteria)

I$see$crabs$that$look$like$they$are$hiding$

in$the$coral.$Therefore$I$think$the$coral$is$

some$kind$of$plant$because$plants$often$

provide$cover$and$camouflage$animals.

What$are$some$of$the$characteristics$of$

aquatic$plants?$(brown)to)green,)need)

light,)tend)to)flow)back)and)forth)in)the)

water)column,)don’t)have)stiff)structures)

like)wood)$How$much$light$do$you$think$

gets$to$515$meters?

I$think$the$coral$looks$more$like$a$rock$

with$some$kind$of$slimy$tentacles$on$it.$

Could$this$make$it$some$type$of$mold?$

Mold$is$a$type$of$fungus.

How$does$mold$form?$Where$does$it$

form?$How$does$mold$get$nourishment?$

(molds)form)on)organic)materials)and)

derive)their)nutrition)from)the)materials)

How$do$you$think$the$coral$in$this

picture$might$get$nutrients?

The$white$part$looks$like$a$hard$shell.$

Could$they$be$some$type$of$animal$that$

produces$a$shell?

I$see$the$shell$part;$what$part$of$the$

picture$looks$like$the$animal$part?$Do$

you$think$this$is$all$one$animal$or$a$

colony$of$animals?$Explain$your$

reasoning.

This$just$looks$too$weird.$It$must$be$

some$type$of$colony$of$microorganisms.$

Only$some$type$of$extremophile$

Does$anyone$know$of$any$

microorganism$that$produces$a$hard$

part$like$the$white$in$the$picture?

641
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 5 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

microorganism$could$live$on$the$bottom$

of$the$ocean.

Slide.4

Time$to$vote!$Raise$your$hand$if$you$think$Lophelia$coral$is$a$plant?$$An$animal?$$A$Fungus?$$

A$microorganism?$$Let’s$find$out$who’s$correct.

Slide.5

Yes,$Lophelia$is$an$animal,$an$invertebrate$with$its$skeleton$on$the$outside.$The$story$about$

how$coral$polyps$(each$individual$animal)$build$their$exoskeleton$is$very$interesting$and$

could$be$negatively$affected$by$the$increase$of$CO2$in$the$atmosphere.$We’ll$discover$more$

about$this$in$a$later$lesson.$

The$top$picture$shows$different$types$of$coral$in$a$shallow,$warm$water$coral$reef.$You$can$

see$these$close$up$when$you$snorkel$in$places$like$Hawaii$or$if$you$go$to$an$Aquarium.$

The$lower$picture$shows$Lophelia$coral$found$in$deep,$cold$waters$on$the$bottom$of$the$

Gulf$of$Mexico.$They$have$been$found$in$places$on$the$bottom$of$the$Atlantic,$Pacific,$and$

Indian$Oceans.

Corals$are$closely$related$to$sea$anemones$and$sea$jellies$(aka$jelly$fish).$You$may$notice$

some$of$the$similarities$between$these$organisms$as$we$look$at$the$biology$of$coral$more$

closely.$

Slide.6

Note:$This$slide$contains$a$video$clip$of$a$Lophelia$community,$set$up$to$play$twice$

automatically.$Let$students$contemplate$the$question$“What$do$living$organisms$need$to$

survive?”$as$they$watch$the$video.$In$other$words,$prompt$them$to$think$about$the$basic$

functions$of$a$living$organism,$including$Lophelia)coral.$(Let$students$generate$a$list$with$as$

much$as$possible:$exchange$gases$(O2$&$CO2,$eliminate$waste,$obtain$water$or$

osmoregulate,$grow,$reproduce,$consume$nutrients$for$energy,$respond$to$stimuli).$

Somehow,$the$body$of$a$coral$polyp$needs$to$have$structures$to$perform$all$of$these$

functions.$Let’s$look$at$the$anatomy$of$one,$individual$coral$animal$known$as$a$polyp.

When$you$are$ready$to$advance$to$the$next$slide,$hit$‘enter.’$

Slide.7

If$this$is$an$animal,$does$it$have$a$head?$Tail?$Body?$Mouth?$How$does$it$do$all$the$things$

that$living$organisms$do$to$survive? Take$a$look$at$the$sketch$(on$slide$and$on$handout$3A)$

of$one$individual$coral$animal,$called$a$coral$polyp.$$Talk$with$the$person$sitting$next$to$you$

and$make$predictions$of$how$a$coral$polyp$carries$out$these$life$functions.$For$example,$

look$at$the$diagram.$How$do$you$think$the$animal$consumes$nutrients$or$eats$to$get$

energy?$(accept$several$answers)$Write$down$one$of$these$as$your$prediction.$Continue$

making$predictions$on$your$handout$of$how$a$coral$polyp$carries$on$as$many$of$these$basic$

life$functions$as$you$can.$You$have$5$minutes.$

642
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 6 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

(You$can$have$students$make$corrections$on$the$handout$as$you$go$through$each$of$the$

following$slides,$or$you$can$wait$and$at$slide$14$there$is$a$prompt$for$them$to$make$

corrections.)

Slide.8

A$coral$polyp$is$one$of$the$simplest$animals.$It$has$a$sacWlike$body$plan,$and$is$only$two$

layers$thick.$There$is$the$outer$epidermis$and$the$inner$gastrodermis,$and$in$between$is$a$

jelly$like$substance$that$helps$provide$structure$to$the$polyp.$Because$of$this$simple$two$

layer$body,$the$coral$polyp$does$not$need$organs,$like$gills$or$lungs,$for$exchanging$O2$&$

CO2.$The$oxygen$diffuses$from$the$seawater,$through$their$cell$membranes,$directly$into$the$

cells$throughout$their$bodies.$Likewise,$carbon$dioxide$diffuses$from$the$cells,$through$the$

cell$membranes,$out$into$the$seawater.$$

Slide.9

Water$needed$by$cells$diffuses$through$the$cell$membrane.$

Metabolic$wastes$produced$by$the$cells$also$diffuse$out$of$the$cells,$through$the$cell$

membranes,$and$into$the$surrounding$seawater.$

Slide.10

This$picture$shows$an$area$of$new$growth,$actually$a$new$coral$polyp.$This$animal$is$a$clone$

of$the$other$polyps$in$the$colony.$Coral$can$reproduce$asexually$as$well$as$sexually,$which$

we$will$learn$more$about$in$the$next$few$slides.$Asexual$reproduction$allows$Lophelia$to$

grow$into$large$colonies,$forming$reef$structures$that$can$provide$habitat$for$many$other$

organisms.$$

Temperature$seems$to$have$a$big$effect$on$rates$of$coral$growth$with$cold$water$corals$

growing$much$more$slowly$than$those$in$warmer$waters.$The$salinity$(concentration$of$salt$

in$the$water),$turbidity$(cloudiness$of$water),$and$food$availability$also$seem$to$affect$

growth$rates.$Each$year,$the$skeleton$grows$thicker$and$longer.$We’ll$learn$more$about$this$

in$Lesson$4.

Slide.11

Coral$reproduce$sexually$and$asexually.$In$Lophelia,$a$polyp$is$either$male$or$female,$and$a$

colony$of$polyps$(produced$asexually)$is$either$all$male$or$all$female.$Males$produce$sperm$

cells$and$females$produce$egg$cells.$In$the$fall$they$broadcast$spawn.$This$means$that$each$

colony$releases$sperm$or$egg$cells$into$the$water$similar$to$the$coral$in$the$top$picture.$

Once$an$egg$is$fertilized,$a$larva$forms,$swimming$and$drifting$in$the$water$until$it$settles$

(hopefully)$on$a$hard$surface.$The$vast$majority$of$larvae$ends$up$on$the$soft$bottom$and$

does$not$survive.$The$hard$surface$can$be$a$rock,$a$pipe,$a$piece$of$metal,$or$part$of$a$ship.$

The$larva$will$develop$into$a$new$adult$polyp$and$spend$its$entire$adult$life$in$this$location.

Although$it$may$seem$that$a$lot$is$known$about$Lophelia)reproduction,$scientists$still$have$

lots$of$questions.$$They$don’t$know$how$far$larvae$will$disperse$before$they$settle$and$

develop$into$adult$polyps.$They$also$don’t$know$exactly$how$closely$related$various$

colonies$of$Lophelia)are$in$one$small$area$or$across$much$larger$areas.$For$example,$how$

closely$related$are$the$colonies$in$the$eastern$part$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$to$those$in$the$

western$part$of$the$Gulf?$And$how$closely$related$are$the$colonies$found$in$the$Gulf$to$those$

found$in$the$South$Atlantic?$

643
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 7 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

Additional$Resource:$Coral$spawning$video$W$

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSCSINHbgg0&feature=fvw$

Slide.12

Asexual$reproduction$produces$clones$and$happens$through$a$process$called$budding$and$

by$simply$dividing$in$half.$Budding$occurs$when$a$new$polyp$begins$to$grow$off$of$a$small$

area$on$an$adult$polyp.$The$new$polyp$remains$a$part$of$the$parent$until$it$is$mature$and$

can$carry$on$all$basic$life$functions.$The$new$polyp$is$genetically$identical$to$the$parent.

If$a$polyp$is$damaged$and$split$in$half,$both$halves$can$regrow,$forming$2$genetically$

identical$polyps.

In$one$cluster$or$coral$colony,$the$polyps$are$usually$genetically$identical$clones.

Slide.13

How$do$coral$polyps$get$energy?$They$need$to$eat$and$they$do$this$by$consuming$food$

particles$that$drift$in$the$water$into$their$tentacles.$Along$the$tentacles$are$tiny$cells$that$

contain$a$harpoonWlike$organelle$called$a$nematocyst.$When$the$cell$is$stimulated,$the$

nematocyst$discharges$or$shoots$out$of$the$cell,$injecting$a$neurotoxin$that$immobilizes$the$

prey.$The$tentacles$move$the$food$item$toward$the$mouth$at$the$center$of$the$polyp.

The$tentacles$also$secrete$mucus$that$can$collect$particles$of$organic$matter.$Small$hairs$on$

the$tentacles$called$cilia$move$the$particles$toward$the$mouth.$Any$waste$from$the$food$is$

expelled$through$the$mouth$into$the$water.$The$digestive$tract$is$so$simple$there$are$no$

other$openings$for$eliminating$food$wastes.$

Slide.14

All$living$organisms$respond$to$stimuli.$We$have$seen$many$of$the$responses$used$by$coral,$

and$specifically$Lophelia$already.$Can$you$name$some$of$them?$[Let$students$list$as$many$

ways$as$they$can$remember$before$showing$the$bulleted$list$in$the$slide.$Then$read$the$list$

to$reinforce$what$the$students$have$already$stated.]

Slide.15

Now$look$back$at$the$handout$you$made$predictions$on$at$the$beginning$of$the$slide$show.$

Make$corrections$to$incorporate$the$new$information$you$just$learned.$$Use$arrows$or$write$

on$the$diagram$if$you$want.$If$you$want$to$go$back$to$look$at$some$of$the$slides$again,$just$

ask.$When$you$have$finished,$we’re$going$to$play$a$game$similar$to$the$Wheel$of$Fortune$to$

review$some$of$the$basic$biology$of$corals.$

Slide.16

Time$for$our$game.$The$dashes$are$for$a$letter$in$a$word.$There$are$a$total$of$12$words$in$

this$phrase.$Each$team$will$have$to$answer$a$question$correctly$before$they$can$guess$a$

letter.$If$you$guess$a$letter$that$is$in$the$phrase,$your$team$will$receive$5$points$for$each$

time$the$letter$appears.$If$you$guess$a$letter$that$doesn’t$appear$in$the$phrase,$your$team$

does$not$receive$points.$Are$you$ready?$Let’s$start.$

644
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 8 Lesson 3 – Lophelia Biology 

Phrase:$WE$ARE$CONNECTED$TO$LIVING$TREASURES$ON$THE$BOTTOM$OF$THE$SEA$

Questions:.

1.$How$does$Lophelia eliminate$wastes?$$diffusion$through$cell$membranes$to$the$water$

2.$What$type$of$food$does$Lophelia$consume?$small$organic$particles$and$other$animals$in$

the$water$(plankton,$detritus,$organic$matter,$small$fish)$

3.$What$type$of$living$organism$is$Lophelia?$$an$animal$

4.$What$is$the$habitat$like$where$Lophelia$are$found?$$dark,$cold,$high$pressure,$on$a$hard$

surface

5.$Name$one$process$that$all$living$things$need$to$do.$$exchange$gases,$eliminate$wastes,$

reproduce,$grow,$respond$to$stimuli,$obtain$nutrients$and$water$(use$this$question$more$

than$once)

6.$How$does$Lophelia$obtain$oxygen?$diffusion$through$cell$membranes$to$the$water$

7.$How$does Lophelia$get$rid$of$carbon$dioxide?$diffusion$through$cell$membranes$

8.$Where$does$fertilization$of$egg$cells$occur?$in$the$ocean$water

9.$Do$adult$Lophelia$raise$their$young?$No

10.$Name$two$things$that$could$happen$to$Lophelia$during$the$larval$stage?$die,$get$eaten,$

attach$to$a$hard$surface$and$become$an$adult$

11.$How$does$Lophelia$protect$itself$from$predators?$it$pulls$it’s$body$inside$the$skeleton$

12.$How$could$you$measure$growth$in$Lophelia?$mark$the$skeleton,$measure$the$length,$

return$at$a$later$time$and$remeasure$from$the$mark$to$see$if$it$has$grown$(accept$other$

reasonable$answers,$like$weighing$the$same$animal$before$and$after)$

13.$Why$is$so$little$known$about$Lophelia?$they$are$found$in$deep$waters$that$require$

special$equipment$to$study$

14.$How$do$scientists$get$close$to$Lophelia?$they$use$submersibles$such$as$Jason and$Alvin

15.$What$is$responsible$for$the$presence$of$carbonate$rock$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$

Mexico?$microorganisms$and$hydrocarbon$seeps?$Bacteria

16.$How$does$Lophelia$capture$prey?$With$its$tentacles

17.$What$two$other$animals$might$you$see$living$in$and$around$Lophelia?$(crabs,$fish,$

hydroids,$tubeworms,$anemones,$other$types$of$coral,$sea$star,$brittle$star,$clams$–$all$in$

lesson$1$mosaics)$

18.$How$does$Lophelia$obtain$water?$Diffusion$through$cell$membranes$from$the$ocean$

water

19.$Name$one$body$of$water$where$Lophelia$can$be$found.$Gulf$of$Mexico,$Atlantic$Ocean,$

Pacific$Ocean and$Indian$Ocean.

20.$Why$do$you$think$scientists$are$interested$in$studying$Lophelia?$Accept$any$reasonable$

response$including:$it$is$unusual$to$find$corals$growing$in$water$with$no$light,$Lophelia$are$

found$near$areas$where$oil$and$other$resources$are$extracted,$Lophelia$are$beautiful,$

scientists$may$be$looking$for$new$chemicals$that$can$be$used$to$make$lifeWsaving$drugs,$

studying$organisms$in$areas$that$are$hard$to$get$to$is$an$interesting$challenge$for$scientists$

645
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 3 – Student Handout 

Coral Polyp – A Living Organism Name: ___________

PREDICTIONS

Exchanging O2 & C O2:

 

Eliminating Waste:

 

Obtaining Water:

 

Growth:

 

Responding to 

Stimuli:

 

Reproduction:

 

Consuming 

Nutrients for 

Energy:

 

Other notes and interesting facts about coral:

646
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 3 – Student Handout 

Coral Polyp – A Living Organism Name:____________ 

FINAL 

Exchanging O2 & C O2:

 

Eliminating Waste:

 

Obtaining Water:

 

Growth:

 

Responding to 

Stimuli:

 

Reproduction:

 

Consuming 

Nutrients for 

Energy:

 

Other notes and interesting facts about coral:

647
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Lesson.4.N.Ocean.Acidification.and.Its.Effect.on.Lophelia

Focus

In$this$lesson,$students$learn$about$ocean$chemistry$and$how$addition$of$atmospheric$CO2

can$lead$to$ocean$acidification$with$associated$effects$on$marine$organisms.$$$

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question.

How$does$a$coral,$like$Lophelia,$with$soft,$delicate$polyps,$build$such$a$hard,$skeletal$

structure?

How$can$climate$change$affect$Lophelia?$

Learning.Objectives:$

• Students$will$be$able$to$explain$how$coral$polyps$build$their$skeletal$structures,$and$

will$be$able$to$identify$the$necessary$building$blocks$of$calcium$and$carbonWderived$

carbonate$ions$for$Lophelia)to$produce$a$skeleton;

• Students$will$be$able$to$demonstrate$the$effect$of$increased$CO2$on$ocean$chemistry$

using$a$simple$model,$and$explain$how$sea$water$acts$as$a$buffer$reducing$the$effects$

of$chemical$changes$on$pH,$to$a$point;$

• Students$will$be$able$to$explain$that$coral$polyps$compensate$for$lower$pH$(and$

aragonite$saturation$levels$at$depth)$by$changing$internal$pH$in$the$calcifying$fluid,$

including$impact$to$corals$over$time;$$

• Students$will$be$able$to$discuss$implications$of$increasing$amounts$of$

anthropogenicallyWderived$carbon$dioxide$in$the$atmosphere$on$Lophelia$and$other$

calcareous$marine$organisms.$

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts

3$–$The$ocean$is$a$major$influence$on$weather$and$climate.$

E.$The$ocean$dominates$the$Earth’s$carbon$cycle.$Half$of$the$primary$productivity$on$

Earth$takes$place$in$the$sunlit$layers$of$the$ocean$and$the$ocean$absorbs$roughly$half$of$

all$carbon$dioxide$added$to$the$atmosphere.$

F.$The$ocean$has$had,$and$will$continue$to$have,$a$significant$influence$on$climate$

change$by$absorbing,$storing$and$moving$heat,$carbon$and$water.$

Climate.Literacy.Essential.Principles.

7$–$Climate$change$will$have$consequences$for$the$Earth$system$and$human$lives.$

D. The$chemistry$of$ocean$water$is$changed$by$absorption$of$carbon$dioxide$from$the$

atmosphere.$Increasing$carbon$dioxide$levels$in$the$atmosphere$is$causing$ocean$

water$to$become$more$acidic,$threatening$the$survival$of$shellWbuilding$marine$

species$and$the$entire$food$web$of$which$they$are$a$part.

Materials

• Small$50$ml$beakers$or$cups$with$petri$dishes$as$lids

• Fresh$or$distilled$water$

• Bromothymol$blue$(BTB)$

• Straws$

648
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

• Stopwatches$or$timers$

• Labeling$tape$and$markers$

• Distilled$vinegar

• Calibrated$cylinders

• Litmus$paper$(to$test$pH)$

• Coral$and/or$seashell$pieces

• Paper$towels

• Balance$with$precision$to$0.1$gram

• Tweezers$

• Safety$glasses$

• Copies$of$$“Ocean$Acidification$Experiment”$handout;$one$per$student

NOTE:.Freshwater.vs..Seawater.

Due$to$the$buffering$capacity$of$aquarium$products$like$“Instant$Ocean”$we$recommend$

using$fresh$water$in$this$lesson’s$experiment.$If$you$wish$to$substitute$“ocean$water”$to$

make$the$experiment$more$realistic,$we$recommend$making$a$simple$“seawater”$of$just$sea$

salt$(or$Kosher$salt)$and$freshwater.$

AudioNVisual.Materials.

Computer$and$projector$access$

Teaching.Time.

Three$to$four$45W50$minute$class$periods$

Seating.Arrangement.

Groups$of$4

Key.Words

Ocean$Acidification$$

Ocean$chemistry$

CO2$$W$carbon$dioxide

Bicarbonate$ion$(HCO3W)$

Ca2+$ion

pH

Alkalinity$

Buffer

Ions$W$positively$or$negatively$charged$molecule$$

Calcium$carbonate$$

Aragonite$–$one$of$two$common,$naturally$occurring$crystal$form$of$calcium$carbonate$

Zooxanthellae

Tentacles

Oral$tissue

Aboral$tissue$

Calicoblastic$epithelium

Calcifying$fluid

649
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Background.Information.

As$students$have$already$learned,$stony$or$hard$corals,$like$Lophelia,$need$solid$places$to$

attach$and$grow.$Stony$corals$are$invertebrates$and$build$their$skeleton$outside$of$their$

bodies.$The$coral$polyp$secretes$calcium$carbonate$(CaCO3)$out$of$its$base,$forming$a$

distinctive$cup$or$calyx$to$sit$in.$This$calyx$also$provides$protection$–$i.e.,$when$stressed,$

polyps$will$retract$completely$inside$the$cup.$$

To$create$the$skeleton,$corals$use$calcium$(Ca2+)$and$carbonate$(CO32W)$ions$from$the$

seawater.$$The$production$of$skeleton$occurs$at$the$outermost$layer$of$the$aboral$tissue,$

called$the$calicoblastic$epithelium.$$This$layer$is$at$the$interface$of$the$tissue$and$the$

skeleton$and$contains$a$“calcifying$fluid.”$$Corals$are$able$to$alter$the$chemistry$within$this$

internal$fluid$to$make$the$concentration$of$aragonite$(the$crystal$form$of$calcium$carbonate$

that$the$corals$use)$higher$than$the$surrounding$seawater.$$This$causes$calcium$carbonate$

to$precipitate$out$of$the$fluid$and$be$deposited$onto$the$skeleton.

The$most$abundant$form$of$inorganic$carbon$in$seawater$is$bicarbonate$(HCO3W

).$$The$polyp$

brings$bicarbonate$in$to$the$tissue$(through$an$unknown$transporter)$and$it$is$

subsequently$traded$for$another$negatively$charged$ion$(see$diagram$below,$step$1).$$The$

hydrogen$dissociates$from$the$bicarbonate$because$of$the$high$pH$maintained$inside$the$

calcifying$fluid$(step$2).$$The$remaining$ion$is$carbonate$(CO32W).$$Positively$charged$

hydrogen$ions$removed$from$bicarbonate$are$then$exchanged$with$calcium,$and$calcium$

carbonate$is$formed.(step$3).$A$PowerPoint$presentation$describing$this$calcification$

process$is$provided.$

For$an$excellent$reference$article$on$this$process,$see$“Why$Corals$Care$About$Ocean$

Acidification$–$Uncovering$the$Mechanism”$by$A.L.$Cohen$and$M.$Holcomb$(2009),$in$

Oceanography$vol.$22,$no.$4,$pp$118W127.$The$article$is$available$online$at$

(http://tiny.cc/kwkjmw).$

Another$good$reference$on$ocean$acidification,$“Ocean$Acidification”$by$E.H.$Buck$and$P.$

Folger$(2009),$Congressional$Research$Service,$is$available$online$at$

http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40143.pdf$$

650
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Learning.Procedure.

A$multiWpart$PowerPoint$presentation$and$script$is$provided$to$guide$this$lesson$and$

classroom$investigation.$The$lesson$and$PowerPoint$is$organized$into five$parts:$1)$an$

opening$demonstration$showing$how$dissolved$CO2$can$change$the$pH$of$water$along$with$

introductory$slides$soliciting$students’$prior$knowledge,$2)$an$inWclass$experiment$where$

students$explore$how$solutions$of$differing$pH$dissolve$pieces$of$coral,$3)$background$

slides$on$how$corals$produce$skeleton$(to$be$covered$while$experiment$is$in$process)$and$

reflection$questions$on$the$inWclass$experiment$when$complete,$4)$another$section$in$which$

students$explore$how$ocean$acidification$may$affect$corals$and$5)$a$final$section$in$which$

students$read$and$discuss$an$online$essay$about$ongoing$research$exploring$the$effects$of$

acidification$on$Lophelia.$$$$

Part.I.–.What.do.you.know.about.ocean.acidification.and.its.effects.on.marine.

organisms?..

This$section$introduces$the$concept$of$CO2$making$water$more$acidic,$and$provides$a$

review$of$Lophelia’s)requirements$(substrate,$food,$cold$temps,$and$minerals$for$skeleton$

production)$as$it$prompts$students$for$their$initial$thoughts$on$the$effects$of$acidification$

on$coral$skeletons.$

1) $INTRODUCTION:$Beginning$with$the$PowerPoint,$ask$students$what$they$know$

about$ocean$acidification,$what$causes$it,$and$what$effects$it’s$having$on$the$ocean$

and$the$organisms$living$there.$Encourage$them$to$say$as$much$as$possible,$and$that$

there$are$no$right$or$wrong$answers$at$this$point.$Use$this$discussion$to$introduce$

this$lesson$in$which$they$will$explore$what$causes$the$ocean$to$become$more$acidic$

and$what$happens$to$some$organisms$in$such$an$altered$environment.$$

2) DEMONSTRATION:$Introduce$where$CO2$in$the$atmosphere$is$coming$from$and$

discuss$how$this$gets$into$the$ocean.$To$demonstrate$the$concept$of$acidification$of$

water$from$a$gas,$have$students$conduct$the$following$demonstration$showing$how$

CO2$from$their$own$respiration$blown$into$a$beaker$of$water$changes$the$pH,$

making$it$more$acidic.$$$

a. Measure$pH$of$fresh$water:$With$students$working$in$pairs,$have$each$pair$fill$

a$small$beaker$halfway$full$with$fresh$water.$Using$litmus$paper$or$BTB,$have$

students$record$the$pH$of$the$fresh$water.$

b. Add$CO2:$Next,$have$one$student$in$each$pair$gently$blow$through$the$straw$

into$the$water$in$the$beaker,$for$one$minute.$Have$the$other$student$time$

their$partner.$After$one$minute,$have$students$measure$and$record$the$pH.$

You$may$wish$to$play$with$the$timing$and$have$some$students$blow$into$the$

water$for$1⁄2$a$minute$or$another$group$blow$into$the$water$for$2$minutes,$

and$then$compare$the$resulting$pH$values.$$

c. Have$students$report$their$results$and$note$if$there$are$differences$in$pH$

depending$on$how$much$time$(a$proxy$for$the$amount$of$CO2$added)$they$

spent$blowing$into$the$water.$Discuss$why$there$may$be$differences$(e.g.,$

variation$between$students,$different$amounts$of$time)$and$how$to$handle$

this$(e.g.,$average$the$results).$Calculate$a$class$average$with$standard$

deviation.$

651
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 5 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

d. Have$students$explain$how$this$exercise$models$ocean$acidification,$and$how$

this$model$system$is$similar$to$and$different$from$the$actual$ocean$and$actual$

ocean$acidification.$There$will$be$plenty$of$ways$in$which$it$is$different$(fresh$

water$vs.$seawater;$quantity$of$CO2$entering$the$liquid,$source$of$CO2,$etc).$

3) $Next, return$to$the$PPT$to$review$what$the$deepWsea$coral Lophelia$needs$to$survive$

(substrate,$food,$cold$temperatures,$and$minerals$for$skeleton$production).$Students$

will$draw$upon$what$they$learned$in$Lesson$3$as$they$consider$effects$of$

acidification$on$coral$skeleton$production.$$$

Part.II.–.Exploring.the.effects.of.acidified.seawater.on.coral.skeletons.

1) This$section$introduces$the$experiment$that$students$will$follow$to$examine$the$

impact$of$changing$pH$on$coral$skeleton.$The$essential$question$of$the$experiment$is$

“What)is)the)effect)of)pH)on)the)mass)of)a)coral)skeleton?”$A$handout,$Ocean)

Acidification)Experiment,$guiding$students$through$the$experiment$is$provided.$Give$

each$student$a$copy$of$the$handout$describing$the$experiment$design$and$review$

with$the$class.$The$handout$lists$the$materials$each$group$will$need$along$with$stepW

byWstep$procedures.$

2) Working$in$groups,$students$will$set$up$the$experiment$exploring$the$effect$of$pH$on$

the$dissolution$of$coral$skeletons,$setting$up$three$treatments:$“neutral$water”,$

“mildly$acidic$water,$“very$acidic$water”,$using$distilled$vinegar$(5W$8%$acetic$acid$in$

water)$in$place$of$CO2.$Students$will$measure$the$starting$mass$of$their$coral$pieces

and,$after$1$week,$the$ending$mass$of$the$coral$pieces$and$will$calculate$a$proportion$

of$mass$loss.$Note:$be$sure$your$balance$measures$to$at$least$0.1$grams$to$be$able$to$

detect$the$mass$loss$of$the$coral$pieces.$$

3) When$students$have$completed$setting$up$their$experiment$and$made$their$

predictions,$return$to$the$PPT.$

Part.III.–.Background.on.how.corals.make.their.skeleton.and.how.ocean.acidification.

is.changing.ocean.chemistry..

1) This$section$provides$detailed$information$on$how$corals$produce$their$skeleton$

from$raw$materials$in$the$environment,$and$detailed$information$on$how$CO2

pollution$is$affecting$ocean$pH.$Present$the$PowerPoint$slides$to$students,$allowing$

them$time$to$take$notes.$Two$reflections$questions$(#1$and$#2)$in$the$student$

handout$refer$to$information$presented$in$this$part$of$the$PowerPoint.$

2) At$the$end$of$this$section,$have$students$return$to$their$experiments$to$determine$

ending$mass$and$proportion$of$mass$loss,$and$examine$how$the$experiment$is$

similar$to$and$different$from$real$life.$$

3) Allow$students$time$to$complete$the$reflection$questions$(#3$W$#6)$of$their$student$

handout.$They$will$complete$the$last$page$of$the$handout$after$the$next$section.$$$

Part.IV.–.What.are.the.effect.of.Ocean.Acidification.on.corals?

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 6 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

1) After$summarizing$their$experiment$results,$this$section$explores$two$consequences$

of$ocean$acidification$to$corals,$and$challenges$students$to$predict$what$they$think$

will$be$the$effects$on$Lophelia.$Present$the$PowerPoint$slide$for$this$section.$The$

important$point$for$students$to$understand$is$that$live$corals$are$surviving$even$in$

more$acidic$waters$and$are$doing$so$by$having$to$work$harder$to$compensate$for$a$

changing$external$environment.$The$experimental$system$in$the$classroom$uses$just$

the$coral$skeleton$pieces$without the$living$organism$continually$building$skeleton.

2) Ask$students$to$consider$how$marine$organisms$may$accommodate$the$effects$of$

lower$pH$on$their$shells$and$skeletons,$and$give$students$time$to$record$their$

thoughts$in$the$student$handout$(question$#7).$

3) At$this$point,$you$may$wish$to$have$a$class$discussion$and$record$students’$ideas.$

Ultimately,$emphasize$that$the$animal$must$work$to$maintain$an$internal$

environment$and$that$this$effort$is$affected$by$the$external$environment,$requiring$

more$or$less$energy$expenditure$by$the$coral.$

Part.V.–.DeepNsea.coral.research...

1) In$this$final$section,$students$will$read$an$online$essay$by$one$of$the$researchers$of$

the$Lophelia$II$research$program$–$Jay$Lunden.$The$essay$is$title$“Exploring$the$

“C’s”:$Climate$Change$and$ColdWWater$Corals”$and$is$available$on$the$NOAA$Ocean$

Explorer$website$:$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/background/climatechang

e/climatechange.html$$The$essay$introduces$the$idea$that$at$least$two$climateW

change$related$variables,$rising$temperature$and$changing$ocean$chemistry,$may$

have$a$direct$effect$on$corals.$Allow$students$time$to$read$the$essay$and$complete$

the$final$two$questions$of$the$student$handout$(#8$and$#9).$ When$students$have$

completed$their$handouts,$have$a$class$discussion$about$the$essay$and$the$students$

thoughts.$

2) TimeWpermitting,$you$may$also$wish$to$have$students$explore$other$essays$and$log$

entries$that$were$a$part$of$the$expedition.$

The.“Me”.Connection

Have$students$explore$how$they$personally$add$CO2$to$the$environment$(e.g.,$driving$in$

cars,$flying$on$planes,$etc.).$Students$could$explore$various$“carbon$footprint”$calculators$

available$online$to$better$understand$how$their$lifestyle$and$personal$choices$add$to$the$

carbon$balance.$

. .

Assessment

Use$the$student$handouts$to$assess$students’$understanding$of$the$material.$$

Multimedia.Discovery.Missions

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/welcome.html?url=http://www.learningde

mo.com/noaa/#lesson3 Click$on$the$links$to$Lessons$3 for$an$interactive$multimedia$

presentation$on$DeepWSea$Corals.

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 7 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Other.Relevant.Lesson.Plans.from.NOAA’s.Ocean.Exploration.Program.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/background/edu/lessonplans.ht

ml$See$lesson$titled$“Off$Base”$$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 8 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Lophelia*pertusa*and.Ocean.Acidification,.PowerPoint.Script

Slide.1

In$this$lesson,$we$are$going$to$explore$the$issue$of$Ocean$Acidification,$what$causes$it,$and$

what$effects$it$may$have$on$marine$organisms$like$Lophelia.

Note:*This)first)section)of)the)PowerPoint)will)ask)the)students)to)recall)what)they)have)

learned)thus)far)about)Lophelia)and)apply)this)knowledge)in)the)context)of)ocean)

acidification.))Ocean)acidification)is)not)addressed)in)detail)in)this)portion)of)the)PowerPoint,)

rather,)the)students)are)asked)what)they)think)ocean)acidification)is)and)what)it’s)effects)may)

be)on)marine)organisms,)particularly)the)deep+sea)coral)Lophelia.))

Slide.2.–.Part.I:.What.do.you.know.about.ocean.acidification?..

What$do$you$know$about$ocean$acidification?$What$causes$it?$What$affect$can$it$have$on$

marine$organisms?$$

Note:*Begin)with)a)general)class)discussion;)encourage)the)students)to)share)what)they)think)

ocean)acidification)is)and)why)it)is)of)particular)concern)in)marine)environments.))Use)the)

questions)on)the)slide)to)guide)and)stimulate)discussion.))There)are)no)wrong)answers,)this)is)

simply)meant)to)get)the)students)thinking)about)the)causes)and)effects)of)ocean)acidification.))

These)questions)will)be)addressed)in)detail)later)in)the)lesson.$

Slide.3

What$do$you$think$happens$to$the$pH$of$water$when$CO2$is$added?$What$is$your$

prediction?$

Note:*at)this)point,)have)students)conduct)the)demonstration)of)blowing)exhaled)air)(with)CO2

from)respiration))into)a)small)beaker)of)water,)and)record)pH)changes.))

Slide.4

If$ocean$water$is$changing,$that$is$if$the$pH$of$the$water$is$getting$more$acidic,$what$do$you$

think$happens$to$organisms$living$in$that$water?$Get)students’)ideas.)

To$make$better$predictions,$let’s$think$about$what$Lophelia$needs$to$survive,$and$see$if$any$

of$that$may$be$affected$by$a$changing$environment,$specifically$by$more$acidic$ocean$water.$$

Slide.5

Let’s$review$what$Lophelia$needs$to$survive.$$What$do$you$recall$from$previous$lessons?$

Let’s$make$a$list.$$$

Have)students)brainstorm)a)list)of)“needs”)before)displaying)the)four)criteria)listed)on)the)slide)

Slide.6

Now$let’s$go$through$each$of$these$individually.$First$...$Hard$Substrate$to$settle$on.$$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 9 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Why$are$hard$substrates$important$for$Lophelia?$$When$you$imagine$the$deepWsea,$what$do$

you$think$the$seafloor$looks$like?$$A$large$majority$of$the$ocean$floor$is$composed$of$soft$

sediments$and$mud.$$However,$most$sessile$organisms$(nonWmobile)$require$a$hard,$stable$

surface$on$which$to$settle.$$What$do$you$think$would$happen$if$corals$tried$to$settle$on$soft$

sediments?$$If$corals$need$a$hard$substrate$to$settle,$where$do$you$think$such$substrates$

can$be$found?

Hard$substrates$come$in$many$different$forms.$Dead$corals$and$carbonate$rock$are$the$

most$common$hard$substrates$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$$However,$anthropogenic$objects$can$

also$provide$important$substrates$for$corals$and$other$sessile$organisms,$such$as$oil$

platform$piles$and$shipwrecks.

Slide.7

Next,$of$course,$these$organisms$need$food.$But$recall,$deepWsea$corals$are$below$the$photic$

zone$and$do$not$have$symbiotic$zooxanthellae$to$produce$their$own$food.$These$corals$

need$to$catch$what$food$they$can$floating$by$in$the$deep$ocean$currents$or$falling$down$

from$above.$They$use$their$tentacles$with$stinging$cells$called$nematocysts$to$capture$their$

prey.$

Slide.8

Lophelia$is$adapted$to$coldWtemperatures.$Here$is$a$graph$showing$how$ocean$water$cools$

with$depth.$The$red$line$represents$the$temperature$of$the$ocean$at$depths$from$0$to$4500$

meters.$Notice$that$the$ocean$is$warmer$(~22$degrees$C)$at$the$surface,$and$that$it$cools$

rapidly$through$the$thermocline$(i.e.,$500W1000$m$depth),$and$then$stays$cold$(~3W4$

degrees$C)$at$depths$below$2000$m.$The$brown$portion,$between$4W12$degrees$C$or$

Lophelia’s$preferred$temperature$range,$occurs$at$depths$between$500W2500$m.$So$Lophelia)

prefers$deep$water.$And$cold$too!$$

Slide.9

By$the$way,$here’s$a$map$showing$where$Lophelia$has$been$found$worldWwide.$

Slide.10

Lastly,$corals$need$minerals$to$build$their$skeleton.$$This$skeleton$provides$a$place$for$the$

polyp$to$live.$

Slide.11

It$also$provides$protection,$as$we’ve$seen$in$previous$lessons$and$videos.$When$bothered,$

the$coral$polyp$retracts$into$the$cup$of$the$skeleton.$

Slide.12

After$a$section$dies,$the$bare$coral$skeleton$also$provides$substrate$for$other$corals$and$

sessile$organisms$to$settle$on.$They$can’t$settle$on$the$muddy$seafloor.$Coral$skeletons$

represent$one$of$the$more$common$substrates$for$settlement.$$

Slide.13

And$they$provide$important$habitat$for$a$whole$community$of$organisms.$$

Slide.14

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 10 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Coral$skeleton$is$made$of$calcium$carbonate,$the$same$mineral$found$in$egg$shells,$chalk,$

even$antacid$tablets$like$Tums.$$

Slide.15

The$big$question$is$will$the$acidification$of$ocean$waters$affect$these$hard$skeletons?$What$

do$you$think??

Facilitate)a)discussion)during)which)the)students)synthesize)their)knowledge)about)Lophelia’s)

requirements)and)hypothesize)different)ways)that)ocean)acidification)may)affect)Lophelia.))

Direct)the)discussion)to)focus)specifically)on)how)ocean)acidification)may)affect)Lophelia’s)

ability)to)build)a)hard)skeleton.

Slide.16.–.Part.II:.Let’s.do.an.experiment!.

Ok,$let’s$do$an$experiment$to$explore$this.$$

The)next)few)slides)will)introduce)the)experiment.)$$

Slide.17

The$basic$idea$of$the$experiment$is$to$test$the$effect$of$pH$on$coral$skeleton$pieces.$We’ve$

already$seen$how$CO2$changes$the$pH$of$water.$To$simulate$the$addition$of$CO2,$we$

substitute$distilled$vinegar,$a$weak$acid,$as$the$additive$to$water$to$achieve$the$different$

pHs.$Using$vinegar$instead$of$exhaling$CO2$through$a$straw$gives$us$more$control$over$the$

resultant$pH.$We’ll$set$up$three$different$solutions$with$three$different$pHs.$What$do$you$

predict$will$happen$to$the$coral$pieces$soaking$in$the$different$solutions?$

IMPORTANT$NOTE:$in$this$experiment,$we$are$trying$to$create$solutions$of$“ocean$water”$

with$different$pHs$using$vinegar$to$acidify$the$water.$Keep$in$mind$that$ocean$water$will$

never$really$become$‘acid’$(i.e.,$with$a$pH$below$7)$but$it$will$be$acidified$(i.e.,$lowered)

from$its$current$pH$of$8.2$or$so.$An$ocean$pH$of$7.5,$while$technically$not$acidic,$IS$a$result$

of$ocean$acidification.$We$are$using$the$vinegar$solutions$with$their$low$pHs$to$show$the$

effects$on$calcium$skeletons$but$speeded$up$for$classroom$observation.$$

After)a)class)discussion)in)which)students)share)their)predictions,)distribute)the)handout)

“Ocean)Acidification)Experiment”)and)give)students)time)to)set)up)their)experiments.)Once)

each)group’s)setup)is)complete,)return)to)the)presentation,)giving)students)background)

information)on)how)Lophelia)creates)its)skeleton,)and)also)on)how)CO2)additions)can)make)the)

ocean)more)acidic.)At)the)end)of)Part)III,)allow)students)to)review/revise)their)predictions.))

Slide.18.–.Part.III:.Background.on.Lophelia.and.how.it.makes.its.skeleton.

Now,$while$the$coral$pieces$are$soaking$in$the$different$treatments,$let’s$get$back$to$how$

corals$produce$skeleton,$and$how$CO2$pollution$is$affecting$the$ocean.$

Slide.19

Let’s$explore$how$a$soft$coral$polyp$can$produce$a$hard$skeleton.$

Note:*This)portion)of)the)presentation)is)intended)to)introduce)students)to)the)biological)

process)that)mediates)coral)skeleton)production.))Once)the)students)understand)how)Lophelia)

makes)its)hard)skeleton,)the)process)of)ocean)acidification)is)introduced.))The)students)should)

657
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 11 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

notice)commonalities)between)the)chemical)process)of)ocean)acidification)and)the)chemical)

process)of)skeleton)creation.))As)the)PowerPoint)progresses,)ask)the)students)to)keep)

Lophelia’s)basic)needs)in)mind,)as)the)coral’s)biology)plays)an)important)role)in)how)ocean)

acidification)will)affect)Lophelia)in)the)future.

Slide.20

Let’s$zoomWin$to$an$individual$polyp$and$investigate$the$calcification$process$at$a$

microscopic$scale.$

Slide.21

Coral$polyp$tissue$can$be$broadly$classified$into$two$categories:$the$oral$and$aboral$tissue.$$

The$oral$tissue$is$in$direct$contact$with$the$surrounding$seawater,$while$the$aboral$tissue$

lies$at$the$interface$of$the$polyp$and$its$skeleton.$$The$gray$area$in$between$these$two$tissue$

layers$is$the$coelenteron,$or$the$gastric$cavity,$where$food$is$digested.

Slide.22

Now,$let’s$zoom$in$a$little$closer,$so$that$we$can$focus$on$the$two$layers.$$

Slide.23

At$the$base$of$the$aboral$tissue$is$a$layer$known$as$the$calicoblastic$epithelium.$This$is$the$

site$of$calcification$and$is$where$we$will$focus$next$to$study$how$corals$build$such$a$hard$

skeleton.$

Slide.24

The$site$of$“skeletogenesis”$is$within$the$“calcifying$fluid”$that$is$present$between$the$

calicoblastic$epithelium$and$the$skeleton.$

Let’s$zoom$in$a$little$closer$to$look$at$this$layer$and$the$‘calcifying$fluid.’$$

Slide.25

In$this$graphic,$we$will$see$the$exchange$of$ions$and$anions$from$the$seawater$through$the$

two$layers$of$the$coral$polyp$to$the$calcifying$fluid$in$the$calicoblastic$epithelium.$$

First,$bicarbonate$(HCO3W

)$is$brought$in$to$the$tissue$(through$an$unknown$transporter)$

and$traded$for$another$negatively$charged$ion.$Bicarbonate$is$the$most$abundant$form$of$

inorganic$carbon$in$seawater.$

Slide.26

Next,$hydrogen$dissociates$from$the$bicarbonate$because$of$the$high$pH$maintained$inside$

the$calcifying$fluid.

Slide.27

Hydrogen$ions$(proton)$are$pumped$out,$exchanging$calcium$ions$and$changing$the$pH$

(raising$it)$of$the$calcifying$fluid.

Slide.28

Finally,$calcium$combines$with$carbonate$to$form$calcium$carbonate$which$precipitates$to$

form$the$skeleton.$$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 12 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Precipitation$of$the$skeleton$is$dependent$on$the$coral’s$ability$to$internally$maintain$

concentrations$of$carbonate$and$calcium$above$that$found$in$the$seawater.$

Slide.29

It$is$important$to$keep$in$mind$that$the$coral$polyp$controls$this$whole$process$by$

regulating$the$internal$chemistry$of$the$calcifying$fluid.$$

It$can$change$the$pH$of$the$fluid,$as$well$as$the$concentration$of$various$chemical$

components$relative$to$the$surrounding$environment.$$

Slide.30

But$all$of$this$comes$with$a$cost.$It$takes$energy.to$regulate$this$internal$environment.$And$

depending$on$the$external$conditions,$this$regulation$process$may$be$more$or$less$difficult,$

requiring$more$or$less$energy.$

Changes$in$the$external$environment$therefore$affect$how$Lophelia$regulates$its$internal$

environment.$$

Slide.31

So...Now$let’s$turn$to$the$external$environment,$the$surrounding$ocean$environment.$$

The$next$five$slides$describe$the$reactions$involved$in$ocean$acidification$in$detail.$$Keep$in$

mind$that$the$reactants$necessary$for$the$coral$to$make$its$hard$skeleton$are$carbonate.

and.calcium.$$Keep$an$eye$out$for$these$molecules,$especially$carbonate,$during$this$

examination$of$ocean$acidification.$

Ok$first,$the$ocean$acts$as$a$“sink”$for$atmospheric$CO2,$regardless$of$whether$it$is$from$

natural$sources$or$from$pollution.$$

Slide.32

As$we$saw$in$the$beginning$demonstration$when$we$exhaled$respired$CO2$into$beakers$of$

water$changing$the$pH$of$the$water$in$those$beakers,$CO2$mixed$with$water$forms$carbonic$

acid.$

Slide.33

This$carbonic$acid$splits$(dissociates)$into$hydrogen$ions$and$bicarbonate.$

Wait$W$Do$you$recognize$any$of$these$chemicals?$$Do$you$recall$how$corals$use$bicarbonate?$

Slide.34

And$some$of$this$bicarbonate$splits$again,$into$more$hydrogen$and$carbonate$ions.$$

Recognize$any$of$these$chemicals?$$How$is$this$process$linked$to$the$process$of$

calcification?

Slide.35

Notice$how$the$concentration$of$protons$in$seawater$increases$W$$resulting$in$a$lower$pH.$

659
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 13 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

But$that’s$not$all....$$

Slide.36

As$hydrogen$ion$concentration$increases$(and$pH$decreases),$this$whole$carbonate$

equilibrium$is$shifted$back$to$the$left.$Le$Chatelier’s$Principle$

In$other$words,$it$is$energetically$favorable$for$carbonate$(CO32W)$to$recombine$with$H+,$

decreasing$the$concentration$of$carbonate$in$seawater.

Lophelia)will$need$to$exert.energy.to$increase$its$internal$pH$&$maintain$an$environment,$

relative$to$the$external$environment,$where$carbonate$remains$unbound

Slide.37

Fortunately,$seawater$is$highly$buffered.$This$buffering$slows$the$change$in$pH.$

Anions$in$seawater$bind$to$positive$hydrogen$ions,$effectively$removing$these$protons$from$

solution.$

Slide.38

But$even$though$the$ocean$has$great$buffering$capacity,$the$pH$of$seawater$is$still$changing.$

CO2$pollution$is$causing$the$ocean$to$become$more$acidic.$$

Slide.39

Ok,$let’s$check$on$the$experiment,$and$see$what$has$happened$to$our$coral$pieces$sitting$in$

solutions$of$varying$pH.$What$do$you$think$has$happened?$

At)this)point,)return)to)the)experiment.)Students)will)now)determine)how)much)mass)loss)each)

piece)experienced.)When)they)have)completed)collecting)their)data)and)calculating)the)

proportion)of)mass)loss,)have)students)complete)the)reflection)questions)regarding)what)is)

similar)and)different)between)this)simple)experiment)and)real)life.)For)example,)the)

experiment)is)similar)to)real)life)in)that)coral)is)exposed)to)acidic)water)causing)the)skeleton)

piece)to)dissolve.)It)is)different)in)that)this)is)not)seawater,)with)its)buffering)capacity;)it)does)

not)include)the)live)coral)polyp;)it)is)not)the)same)temperature;)and)it)is)likely)not)the)same)pH)

levels)–)among)many)other)differences.)At)this)point,)have)students)predict)what)they)think)

will)be)the)impact)of)ocean)acidification)on)Lophelia.)Once)they)have)made)their)predictions,)

continue)to)the)next)part)–)which)covers)some)of)the)expected)consequences)on)Lophelia.))

Slide.40.–.Part.IV:.what.does.ocean.acidification.do.to.live.corals?..

Let’s$look$at$what$may$happen$to$live$corals$in$this$type$of$altered$environment.$$

Slide.41

In$the$actual$ocean,$the$first$consequence$of$additional$sources$of$CO2$is$the$decrease$in$pH$

of$the$ocean$(acidification).$

The$impact$of$this$is$that$this$can$dissolve$existing$coral$skeletons$and$shells$of$other$

marine$animals.$$

Did$we$see$this$in$our$inWclass$experiments?$$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 14 Lesson 4 – Ocean Acidification 

Slide.42

The$second$consequence$of$a$more$acidic$ocean$environment$is$that$there$is$now$a$greater$

difference$between$Lophelia’s$internal$environment$(i.e.,$the$calcifying$fluid)$and$its$

external$environment$(i.e.,$seawater),$making$all$of$the$processes$of$calcification$more$

difficult.$

For$example,$to$exchange$H+$for$calcium$cations,$Lophelia)must$pump$protons$against$a$

steeper$concentration$gradient$–$$a.process.that.requires.lots.of.energy

Lophelia)will$need$to$exert.more.energy.to$increase$its$internal$pH$(maintaining$an$

internal$environment$relative$to$the$external$environment)$where$carbonate$remains$

unbound.

Slide.43

So$ocean$acidification$makes$it$harder$to$form$skeleton$and$shells,$requiring$these$

organisms$to$exert$more)energy$to$do$so.$

How$will$they$get$more$energy?$$

Slide.44

Here$are$some$thoughts$to$consider...$

How$will$Lophelia)generate$more$energy?$$

What$if$acidification$also$affects$the$availability$of$Lophelia’s)food$sources?$

Slide.45.–.Part.V:.DeepNSea.Research.on.Lophelia*

Ocean$acidification$is$an$issue$of$concern$and$a$great$deal$of$research$is$currently$

underway$to$understand$its$causes$and$impacts.$Researchers$are$currently$examining$the$

impact$of$acidification$on$deepWsea$coral$communities.$As$a$final$step$of$this$lesson,$read$

the$following$essay$on$climate$change$and$its$potential$effect$on$coldWwater$coral$and$

answer$the$last$two$questions$in$your$handout.$

“Exploring)the)C’s:)Climate)Change)and)Cold+water)Corals”$by$deepWsea$scientist,$Jay$Lunden$

from$Temple$University,$found$on$the$NOAA$Ocean$Explorer$website:$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/background/climatechange/clim

atechange.html

661
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 4 – Student Handout 

Ocean Acidification Experiment Name: ____________

Materials List (per group): 

•3 Beakers 

•3 petri dishes as lids

•Labeling tape & marker

•Fresh Water

•Distilled Vinegar

•Calibrated cylinder

•pH paper

•3 coral pieces

•Paper towel

•Balance 

•Tweezer (to handle coral pieces)

•Safety glasses (1 per student)$ $ $ $

Procedure – Experiment setup and making predictions

1. Label each of your beakers with your group’s name. Label beaker

#!: “Freshwater” and beaker #2: “Freshwater + 5 ml Vinegar” and

beaker #3: “Freshwater + 10ml Vinegar

2. Fill each beaker with 50 ml water. Add 5 ml distilled vinegar to 

beaker #2. Add 10ml distilled vinegar to beaker #3. 

3. Measure the initial pH for each solution and record in the table 

below. 

4. Measure the starting mass of each piece of coral, record on the 

table below, and then place one piece in each of the beakers. 

5. Cover each beaker with a petri dish to minimize evaporation and 

set aside undisturbed for one week. 

6. Write down your prediction of what will happen to each piece of 

coral after one week. 

I predict the coral piece in Beaker #1 will____________________

I predict the coral piece in Beaker #2 will____________________ 

I predict the coral piece in Beaker #3 will____________________

Freshwate

r

Freshwater 

+ 10ml 

vinegar

Freshwater

+ 5ml 

vinegar

#1 #2 #3

662
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 4 – Student Handout 

Understanding what acidic solutions can do to coral skeleton 

7. While your coral pieces are in solution for the week, you will learn 

how corals make their skeleton and how CO2 pollution is causing the pH 

of the ocean to change. At the end of the presentation, take a 

moment to re-evaluate your predictions and make any necessary 

changes. 

8. At the end of the week, carefully remove the coral from solution 

and let it dry for 1 day. Be careful to keep track of which solution 

each coral piece came from. Working with one beaker at a time, 

carefully remove the coral piece from solution and place on a paper 

towel, discard the liquid and dry the beaker, and then place the coral 

piece back inside the beaker to dry for a day. 

9. When coral pieces are completely dry, measure the ending mass of 

each piece of coral and record on the table below. 

10. Calculate the difference between starting mass and ending mass

and record in the table below. 

11. You should also calculate the proportion of mass loss. This is equal 

to the difference between starting and ending mass divided by starting 

mass. 

Beaker #1 Beaker #2 Beaker #3

Amount of water 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml

Amount of Vinegar 0 ml 5 ml 10 m

Initial pH of solution

Initial mass of coral 

piece (gm)

Ending mass of coral 

piece (gm)

Difference in mass 

(final – initial) (gm)

Proportion of mass 

loss (difference / 

initial mass)

663
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Lesson 4 – Student Handout 

Reflection Questions: 

1. Write down the chemical equation for calcification (from the 

PowerPoint presentation). Include names for each chemical formula. 

2. Where does this calcification take place? (from ppt)

3. How close were your predictions to what actually happened to each 

coral piece? Be specific. 

4. How is this experiment similar to the real world? 

5. How is this experiment different from the real world? List as 

many differences as you can think of. Hint: are these pHs realistic 

for ocean water? 

6. Pick one of the items listed as a “difference” and design an 

experiment to test the effect of that variable on coral. Describe your 

experiment here. Be certain to label the independent and dependent 

variables. 

664
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Lesson 4 – Student Handout 

Understanding what acidification can do to polyps: 

7. One of the key differences between this classroom experiment and 

the real world is that only the coral skeleton is exposed to the acidic 

solution. In other words, the living polyp is not part of the experiment. 

What do you predict would be the effect of acidification on the coral 

polyp? Would it still make its skeleton?

Understanding what acidification may do to Lophelia: 

Read the essay titled “Exploring the C’s: Climate Change and Cold-water 

Corals” by deep-sea scientist, Jay Lunden from Temple University, 

found on the NOAA Ocean Explorer website:

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/background/climat

echange/climatechange.html

8. What two factors does Jay identify as potentially changing the 

environment in which Lophelia is found? 

9. Pick one of these factors and describe how it may directly affect 

the deep-sea coral, Lophelia pertusa

665
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

Lesson.5.N.Movement.and.Currents.in.the.Gulf.of.Mexico

Focus

In$this$lesson,$students$learn$about$deep$ocean$currents,$bottom$bathymetry$of$Gulf$of

Mexico,$and$larval$and$plankton$drift,$

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question.

How$can$ocean$currents$influence$the$spread$and$survival$of$Lophelia?$

Learning.Objectives:$

• Students$will$be$able$to$demonstrate$effects$of$ocean$currents$on$water,$and$larval$

and$plankton$movement$using$a$simple$model.$

• Students$will$be$able$to$identify$advantages$and$limitations$of$the$model$as$compared$

to$real$currents.

• Students$will$be$able$to$use$the$results$of$their$model$to$predict$possible$currents$in$

an$area$of$concern$from$the$Challenge$Scenario.$

• Students$will$be$able$to$infer$impacts$of$currents$on$the$spread$and$survival$of$

Lophelia.

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts..

1W The$Earth$has$one$big$ocean$with$many$features.

B. Throughout$the$ocean,$there$is$one$interconnected$circulation$system$powered$by$

wind,$tides,$the$force$of$the$Earth’s$rotation$(Coriolis$effect),$the$Sun,$and$water$

density$differences.$The$shape$of$ocean$basins$and$adjacent$land$masses$influence$

the$path$of$circulation.$

2$–$The$ocean$and$life$in$the$ocean$shape$the$features$of$the$Earth.

C.$$$Erosion$–$the$wearing$away$of$rock,$soil$and$other$biotic$and$abiotic$earth$materials$

–$occurs$in$coastal$areas$as$wind,$waves,$and$currents$in$rivers$and$the$ocean$move$

sediment.$

Materials

• Small$plastic$tanks$(~12$quart$size$or$larger);$1$per$group$of$4$students

• 1/4”$diameter$tubing,$24”$lengths;$1$per$group$of$4$students

• 3/8”$diameter$tubing,$24”$lengths;$1$per$group$of$4$students

• 1Wliter$containers$or$1000mL$beakers;$1$per$group$of$4$students

• Flakes$of$fish$food$(at$least$2oz.$for$5$classes)

• Rocks,$small$Petri$dishes,$or$small$saucers$to$form$landforms;$2$per$group$of$4$

students

• Modeling$clay$to$wrap$around$base$of$rocks$or$Petri$dishes$so$they$slope$out$and$form$

a$flat$base

• Bathymetry$with$amplitude$map$for$Challenge$Scenario$(electronic$version$to$project)$

• Rulers$(Optional$for$water$speed$investigation);$1$per$group$of$4$students

• Wax$pen$or$marker;$1$per$group$of$4$students

666
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

• Handout$W$“Deep$Ocean$Current$Experiment”;$1$per$student

• Stopwatch$or$clock$with$second$hand

AudioNVisual.Materials.

Computer$and$projector$with$Internet$access

Teaching.Time.

Two$to$three$50Wminute$class$periods$

Seating.Arrangement.

Groups$of$4

Key.Words

Ocean$Currents

Deep$Ocean$Currents

Density

Salinity

Gulf$Loop

Bathymetry$

Plankton

Larvae

Background.Information.

Currents$are$important$to$deepWsea$corals$–$they$bring$plankton$(food$particles)$to$the$

corals$and$also$disperse$larvae.$This$lesson$provides$an$opportunity$for$students$to$

experiment$with$creating$currents$and$observe$the$effects$of$the$current$on$particles$

floating$in$the$water.$Students$will$model$possible$currents$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$and$infer$

the$effects$of$currents$on$larval$dispersal$and$drifting$plankton.$$Ocean$currents$are$a$very$

complex$topic,$and$while$much$is$known$about$general$movements$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$

the$currents$in$a$specific$location$on$the$bottom$are$not$well$understood$and$are$quite

difficult$to$study.

Scientists$do$know$that$ocean$currents$influence$the$distribution$of$Lophelia)corals.$Here$

are$a$few$examples:$1)$When$Lophelia$reproduce,$the$sperm$and$egg$cells$are$released$into$

the$water.$Without$favorable$currents,$fertilization$might$never$occur.$2)$Larvae$drift$in$the$

currents$until$they$settle$on$the$bottom.$To$continue$developing,$they$need$to$settle$on$

something$hard,$like$carbonate$rock,$metal$from$platform$legs,$pipelines,$or$shipwrecks,$or$

wood$from$shipwrecks.$Without$currents$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$these$hard$

surfaces$could$become$buried$in$sediment.$3)$Lophelia)polyps$use$their$tentacles$to$capture$

food$as$it$floats$by.$Being$in$an$area$with$a$current$brings$more$water$past$their$tentacles$

and$the$possibility$of$more$food.$

Use$the$following$websites$to$find$additional$information.$If$you$choose$to$show$any$of$the$

video$clips$to$your$students,$have$them$do$the$activity$first.$This$way,$they$have$a$concrete$

experience$to$connect$the$animated$current$models$and$information.$

Ocean*Currents:

667
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3niR_WKv4SM&feature=related$$W$This$animation,$

without$sound,$shows$the$major$ocean$currents$associated$with$the$ocean$conveyor$belt.$

Scientists$estimate$that$it$takes$about$1000$years$for$a$water$molecule$to$complete$one$

entire$cycle.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdgUyLTUYkg&NR=1&feature=fvwp$$W$The$1$minute$

clip$shows$the$ocean$conveyor$belt$and$emphasizes$the$current’s$role$in$getting$oxygen$to$

the$deepest$parts$of$the$ocean.$Without$the$conveyor$belt,$driven$by$temperature$

differences$between$the$poles$and$equatorial$regions,$only$water$near$the$surface$would$

carry$oxygen.$This$change$would$have$huge$consequences$to$life$in$the$oceans.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsEbP5zarCQ&feature=related$$W$This$animation,$

without$sound,$shows$the$full$extent$of$major$ocean$currents$and$how$they$are$connected.$

Gulf*of*Mexico*Loop*Current:*

http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/img_rl/currents_carib.mpg$$W$$Animation$

of$average$surface$currents$and$temperatures$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$from$January$to$

December;$This$goes$quickly$so$you’ll$want$to$watch$it$a$few$times.$After$the$first$time,$

locate$Florida$and$the$Gulf$Coast$to$help$you$understand$what’s$happening.$Colors$indicate$

surface$water$temperatures,$from$20$–$30$degrees$C.$Arrows$indicate$direction$and$speed$

of$surface$current.$Dates$are$shown$at$the$top$of$the$map.$$

http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/caribbean/img_topo2/loopWcurrent2.jpg$$W$Relief$

map$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$basin;$The$deepest$areas$are$dark$blue.$The$shelf$region$along$the$

coast$is$where$most$of$the$oil$drilling$and$fishing$have$occurred$in$the$past.$More$

exploration,$drilling,$and$fishing$are$occurring$in$deeper$water$areas$due$to$shrinking$

resources$on$the$shelf.

http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/caribbean/loopWcurrent.html$$$W$Loop$current$

description;$The$loop$current$flows$north$into$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$from$the$Caribbean$and$

then$into$the$Atlantic$around$the$southern$tip$of$Florida.$This$current$is$visible$in$the$

animation$listed$above.$

http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/caribbean/img_mgsva/loopWcurrentWYYY.gif$$W$Map$

of$loop$current.$This$map$is$not$animated$so$it$allows$a$longer$look$at$the$surface$loop$

current.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02mexico/background/currents/currents.ht

ml$$W$$“Currents$in$a$CulWdeWsac”$describes$the$surface$currents$and$deepWwater$currents$in$

the$Gulf$of$Mexico

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02mexico/background/geology/geology.htm

l$$W$$“Geological$Setting”$describes$the$geology$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico

Research*Techniques*on*the*ocean*bottom:*

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09lophelia/logs/sept2/sept2.html$$W$This$

essay$describes$the$larval$traps$used$to$study$the$distribution,$both$geographic$and$

seasonal,$of$larvae$and$other$suspended$particles$as$they$fall$to$the$bottom$of$the$ocean.

668
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

Learning.Procedure.

1) Ask$students$to$think$about$what$causes$currents$in$the$deep$parts$of$the$ocean$(as$

opposed$to$the$surface$of$the$ocean).$Have$them$brainstorm$a$list$of$factors$with$

their$table$partner.$Ask$partners$to$share$their$ideas$with$partners$in$a$nearby$

group.$Walk$around$and$listen$in$to$the$discussion,$noting$some$of$the$ideas.$You$can$

write$on$the$board$some$of$the$factors$mentioned$by$more$than$one$group.$

2) Show$the$following$YouTube$videos:$http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_8mwW

1HYFg$In$this$first$video,$Bill$Nye$demonstrates$how$saltier$water$has$a$higher$

density$and$sinks$to$the$bottom$of$the$ocean.$$

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXTcWkHQN2U$The$demonstration$in$this$video$

shows$how$two$liquids$with$different$densities$separate.$Ask$your$students$what$

they$think$the$liquids$are$and$why$the$blue$liquid$behaves$differently$from$the$red$

liquid.$It$could$be$differences$in$salinity$(like$in$the$Bill$Nye$clip)$or$it$could$be$

differences$in$temperature.$Both$temperature$and$salinity$are$factors$that$affect$

deep$ocean$currents.$Because$the$temperature$and$salinity$of$ocean$water$is$

different$in$different$places,$the$water$moves,$including$water$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$

Show$either$or$both$of$the$animations$of$the$ocean$conveyor$belt:$

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3niR_WKv4SM&feature=related$and$

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdgUyLTUYkg&NR=1&feature=fvwp$to$

demonstrate$how$temperature$differences$from$the$equator$to$the$poles$creates$a$

convection$current.$Differences$in$salinity$also$contribute$to$these$global$currents.$

Point$out$that$ocean$currents$are$like$winds.$We$understand$a$lot$about$the$global$

patterns,$but$that$doesn’t$mean$we$know$what$the$currents$will$be$like$in$any$

specific$location,$especially$on$the$bottom$of$the$ocean.$(Note:$Review$with$students$

heat$transfer$by$convection$and$convection$currents$if$necessary.)

3) Ask$students$how$they$think$different$landforms$(underwater$hills,$mountains,$

valleys,$cliffs,$etc.)$affect$ocean$currents.$Ask$students$how$they$might$figure$this$out$

using$the$small$plastic$tubs$available$for$this$lesson.$Have$them$share$their$ideas$

with$their$partner$and$then$ask$a$few$pairs$to$share$their$idea$with$the$class.$

4) Distribute$the$Deep)Ocean)Currents)Experiment)handout$and$explain$that$they$will$

create$a$current$using$a$siphon$to$get$water$to$flow$from$a$1000$ml$beaker$(or$

equivalent$size$container)$through$a$small$plastic$tube$into$the$plastic$tub.$Fish$food$

flakes$will$drop$from$the$surface$of$the$water$to$the$bottom$of$the$plastic$tub$to$

show$the$effects$of$the$current.$The$students$will$make$observations$of$the$

distribution$of$fish$food$flakes$and$they$will$also$measure$the$velocity$of$a$particle$to$

understand$how$currents$affect$particles$in$the$water$column.$

5) Demonstrate$the$experiment$with$just$a$flat$bottom.$Fill$one$tub$half$way$with$water$

and$the$1000$ml$beaker$half$way$with$water.$Place$one$end$of$a$piece$of$tubing$in$

the$beaker.$The$other$end$of$tubing$will$be$placed$in$the$tub,$lying$along$the$bottom.$

Sprinkle$a$few$flakes$of$fish$in$the$tub.$Next,$you$will$need$to$start$the$siphon$by$

gently$sucking$on$the$tubing$(tub$end)$to$get$the$flow$from$the$beaker$going.$Once$

it’s$going,$gently$place$the$tubing$into$the$tub.$Note$that$some$types$of$fish$flakes$

float$on$the$surface$for$a$long$time.$After$they$have$floated$for$about$30$seconds,$

669
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 5 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

start$poking$them$so$they$are$submerged$and$start$to$sink.$Start$the$current$

(siphon)$when$the$fish$flakes$start$to$sink.$You’ll$probably$need$a$couple$students$to$

assist.$

6) Ask$students$to$think$about$the$Lophelia)communities$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico$and$how$

the$experimental$setWup$models$conditions$where$Lophelia)communities$are$found.$

Remind$students$that$Lophelia)relies$on$currents$to$bring$plankton$to$them.$Food$

particles$that$settle$are$of$little$use$to$the$corals.$Have$students$complete$the$boxes$

in$the$table$on$the$worksheet.$Model$the$first$line$if$necessary.$[For$ELL$or$students$

with$difficulty$writing,$ask$them$to$draw$a$picture$of$what$the$experimental$setWup$

represents.$They$can$use$lines$or$arrows$to$connect$their$drawing$with$the$diagram$

of$the$experimental$setWup$to$show$the$relationships.$Encourage$them$to$include$

labels.]$

7) Ask$students$how$their$model$is$different$from$the$real$world.$You$should$get$lots$of$

answers,$including$that$the$bottom$of$the$ocean$isn’t$perfectly$flat.$Ask$students$how$

they$could$make$their$model$more$realistic.$They$may$suggest$using$rocks$or$clay$to$

make$landforms$on$the$bottom$of$the$tub.$Project$for$the$students$the$bathymetry$

map$for$the$Challenge$Scenario.$Explain$that$this$map$shows$an$area$approximately$

72$square$miles$on$the$bottom$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico.$Point$out$the$major$landform$

features$and$how$to$find$depth.$[Remember,)the)higher)“hilltops”)have)lower)numbers)

because)they)represent)distance)from)the)surface)of)the)ocean.)This)is)different)from)

reading)topographic)maps)that)measure)land)above)sea)level.)This)map)measures)the)

distance)from)sea)level)down)to)the)bottom.]$Show$students$the$materials$available$to$

create$model$landforms$on$the$bottom$of$their$tub$(small$saucers,$rocks,$modeling$

clay,$or$petri$dishes).$Demonstrate$how$they$can$use$the$clay$around$the$base$of$a$

rock$or$a$petri$dish$to$make$a$slope$from$the$top$to$the$base,$rather$than$having$

overhanging$areas$(on$a$rock)$or$steep$cliffs$(around$a$petri$dish).$Ask$them$to$work$

in$groups$of$four$to$design$a$landform$to$test$using$any$of$the$materials$provided.$

Remind$them$not$to$make$their$landform$too$complex.$

8) Once$students$have$designed$their$landforms,$review$the$procedures$for$the$

experiment$and$let$them$get$started.$You$may$want$to$decide$as$a$class$where$in$the$

tub$you$want$the$current$to$originate$(i.e.,$where$the$tube$is$placed).$This$will$make$

the$results$more$comparable$across$groups.$Rotate$through$the$class$to$encourage$

students$to$move$quickly$through$their$experiment$and$to$make$detailed$drawings$

of$their$results.$Groups$that$finish$early$can$try$to$measure$the$speed$of$the$water$in$

the$tub$with$and$without$the$landform.$To$do$this,$they’ll$have$to$time$a$small$fish$

food$flake$as$it$travels$from$one$part$of$the$tank$to$the$back.$They$will$need$to$

measure$the$distance$the$flake$traveled$and$the$time.$$

9) Once$the$students$have$completed$the$experiment$and$cleaned$up,$have$them$

respond$to$the$reflection$questions.$This$can$also$be$a$homework$assignment.$

10)Begin$the$class$discussion$by$asking$students$to$list$strengths$and$weaknesses$of$

their$model$as$compared$to$real$deepWocean$currents.$List$these$so$everyone$can$see$

them.$Refer$to$this$list$as$needed$during$the$remaining$discussion.$Ask$the$class$if$

they$can$formulate$some$generalizations$about$the$effects$of$deep$ocean$currents.$

670
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 6 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

Push$students$to$give$reasons$or$evidence$from$their$experiment$for$their$

generalizations.$The$following$statements$are$examples$of$some$generalizations.$

•Currents$tend$to$speed$up$around$landforms.$

• More$particles$settle$where$there$is$no$current.

•Very$little$settles$where$there$is$a$current.

•Things$that$settle$on$the$top$of$a$landform$tend$to$stay$there.

•Particles$do$not$settle$in$a$valley$with$a$current$going$through$it.

•A$current$will$form$through$a$valley$as$it$goes$around$some$type$of$mound$or$hill.$

11)Project$the$Challenge$Scenario$bathymetry$map.$Ask$students$where$they$expect$to$

find$higher$currents$and$why.$Have$them$discuss$this$in$their$small$groups$first.$You$

may$want$to$provide$maps$for$each$group$and$have$them$use$arrows$to$show$

current$directions$on$the$map.$Ask$the$class$for$ideas.$Encourage$them$to$support$

their$ideas$with$reasons$based$on$their$observations.$Allow$different$groups$a$

chance$to$rebut$a$different$group’s$ideas$when$they$vary.$Encourage$discourse$and$

evidenceWbased$argument.$Then$show.them.there.is.a.fairly.strong.current.

flowing.from.the.bottom,.rightNhand.corner.of.the.map.across.and.up.through.

the.valley.to.the.upper.leftNhand.side.of.the.map.$Discuss$how$the$currents$could$

influence$the$habitat$on$the$bottom$of$this$section$of$the$Gulf.$Where$might$hard$

surfaces$be$exposed?$Where$would$food$carried$in$the$water$be$more$available?$

Where$would$the$conditions$be$best$for$Lophelia$colonies$to$survive?$Have$students$

support$their$ideas$with$reasoning.

12)To$pull$all$the$ideas$from$this$lesson$together,$ask$students$to$draw$a$comic$or$story$

board$depicting$the$effects$of$deep$ocean$currents$on$Lophelia.$Encourage$them$to$

be$creative,$yet$accurate$in$their$portrayal$of$the$biology$of$coral$polyps$(from$

lesson$3)$and$the$influence$of$currents$on$the$reproduction$and$survival$of$the$

polyps.$A$rubric$is$included$to$give$to$the$students.$Post$the$comics$in$the$classroom$

once$students$have$handed$them$in.$If$possible,$assign$this$as$homework$rather$than$

using$class$time$to$complete$the$assignment.$

The.“Me”.Connection

Life$above$sea$level$is$impacted$by$air$currents,$rather$than$water$currents.$We$call$air$

currents$“wind.”$Describe$how$winds$affect$several$different$terrestrial$organisms.$

Students$could$choose$to$describe$the$effects$of$wind$on$certain$trees$or$plants,$migrating$

birds,$and$them$and$their$family.$Have$they$ever$experienced$a$power$outage$because$

winds$blew$down$power$lines$or$trees$fell$on$power$lines?

Assessment

Use$the$comic$strip$to$assess$student$understanding$of$the$effects$of$ocean$currents$on$

Lophelia$distribution$and$survival.$The$rubric$will$help$assess$how$strong$of$an$

understanding$students$have$of$the$relationship.

Extensions

Read$the$essay$“Currents$in$a$CulWdeWsac”$that$describes$surface$currents$and$deepWwater$

currents$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02mexico/background/currents/currents.

html$What$are$some$of$the$obstacles$to$scientists$wishing$to$learn$more$about$deep$

671
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 7 Lesson 5 – Ocean Bottom Currents 

currents$in$the$Gulf$of$Mexico?$Which$types$of$currents$in$the$Gulf,$deep$or$surface$

currents,$appeared$to$have$the$greatest$impact$on$the$spread$of$oil$after$the$Deep$Water$

Horizon$oil$spill?

Multimedia.Discovery.Missions

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/welcome.html$

Click$on$the$links$to$Lessons$3,$5,$and$6$for$interactive$multimedia$presentations$and$

Learning$Activities$on$DeepWSea$Corals.

Other.Relevant.Lesson.Plans.from.NOAA’s.Ocean.Exploration.Program.

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/curriculum/section3.pdf$$and$$

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/background/education/media/ar

ctic_c_events.pdf$$W$These$are$alternative$lessons$on$ocean$currents.$The$first$one$is$a$

general$lesson$on$currents.$It$uses$an$experimental$setWup$that$is$more$elaborate$than$the$

one$described$in$this$lesson.$The$second$one$is$focused$on$currents$caused$by$differences$

in$water$density$in$the$Arctic$Ocean.

672
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 5 – Student Handout 

Deep Ocean Currents Experiment Name:____________

Experimental Set-up 

(Draw a diagram of your experimental set-up with tub, siphon, 1000mL beaker, etc) 

Model Real World ...because

The tub of water is like because they both have 

large volumes of water.

The fish food flakes are 

like

deep ocean currents

List the type of landforms you can test in your model ocean. Circle the one you will 

test.

In the space below, draw the type of ocean bottom landform you will test as it will 

look in your model ocean. 

Side View: Top View:

673
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 5 – Student Handout 

Investigative Question: What is the effect of different landforms on the 

distribution of particles (fish food flakes) that fall through the water from the 

surface when there is a current on the bottom? 

Hypothesis:

Procedures: 

1. Fill your tub half full of water. Mark the water level on the outside of the tub 

using a wax pen or marker. Fill your beaker (or other container) with 1000mL of 

water.

2. Practice creating a current in the tub without the landform. Sprinkle half a 

teaspoon of fish flakes across the surface so they are distributed as evenly as 

possible. Let them float for 30 seconds. Then, practice poking them so they fall to 

the bottom.

3. Conduct the experiment. Try to do everything exactly the same way each time 

(sprinkling the fish flakes evenly across the surface, poking the fish flakes so they 

sink, holding the tube in the same place to create a current). 

4. Complete the table below using words and pictures to show where the fish flakes 

land on the bottom under each condition. 

5. Clean up your materials when you are finished. Answer the reflection questions 

below.

Distribution of Fish Food Flakes (use words and pictures to show their location) 

Landform No Current Current

Flat 

Bottom

674
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Lesson 5 – Student Handout 

Reflection Questions: 

1. Describe the distribution of the fish food flakes when there is no current in the 

tub. 

2. Describe the distribution of the fish food flakes when there is a current in the 

tub. 

3. Imagine that your model ocean has Lophelia corals somewhere on the bottom. 

How might deep ocean currents affect:

a. availability of food

b. sexual reproduction 

c. formation of new colonies

3. How well do you think you understand deep ocean currents after completing this 

activity? 

4.What questions do you have about deep ocean currents? 

675
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Lesson 5 – Student Handout 

Assignment: Create a comic strip or storyboard that illustrates possible effects 

of currents on Lophelia. 

Rubric for Comic Strip

4 3 2 1

Content Includes 

everything in Level 

3 plus:

__ Describes the 

biology of Lophelia

in relationship to 

the effects of 

currents (for 

example, feeding, 

sexual 

reproduction, 

exchange of 

Oxygen and Carbon 

Dioxide)

__ Shows effects of 

currents on the 

dispersal of larvae

__ Shows effects of 

currents on 

availability of food

__ Shows effects of 

currents on the 

presence of hard 

surfaces

__ Content is 

accurate

Omits 1 or 

more of the 

criteria in 

Level 3

Omits 2 or 

more of the 

criteria in 

Level 3

Present

ation

__ Includes color

__ Neatly done

__ Easy to read

__ Easy to read Not neatly 

done

Not easy to 

read

Due 

Date

__ Turned in on 

time

__ Turned in on time __ Turned 

in on time

Turned in 

late

676
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 5 Lesson 5 – Student Handout 

(Optional)

Investigative Question: What is the effect of different landforms on the speed 

of water flowing around them?

Hypothesis:

Procedures: 

1. Measure a distance from just in front of the tube creating the current to almost 

at the back of the tub. Mark this distance on the side of the container or on a 

piece of paper that you put under the tub. 

2. Use the stop watch to measure the length of time it takes a small particle of 

fish food to travel the distance.

3. Calculate the speed of the particle by dividing the distance by the time. 

Speed=distance (cm)/ time (sec)

Speed of Water

Landform No Current Current

Flat Bottom

Reflection:

1. Where is the speed of a particle the fastest around the landform you created? 

2.Where is the speed of a particle the slowest around the landform you created? 

677
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 1 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

Lesson.6.N.Living.in.Lophelia’s.Neighborhood

Focus

In$this$final$lesson,$students$explore$ways$to$study$food$webs$in$the$Lophelia)community,$

and$learn$how stable$isotope$data$are$used$to$infer$trophic$relationships.$

Grade.Level

9W12$(Biology/Earth$Science)

Focus.Question.

How$does$the$community$of$organisms$living$near$and$within$Lophelia$reefs$obtain$energy?$

Does$a$deepWsea$Lophelia$community$obtain$energy$from$the$surface$(photosynthetic$

primary$productivity)$or$because$it$coWoccurs$with$seep$communities,$is$the$energy$from$

chemosynthetic$primary$production?$$$

Learning.Objectives:$

• Students$will$understand$that$Lophelia$is$known$as$a$foundational$species$because$it$

creates$a$habitat$for$many$other$species;$

• Students$will$be$able$to$create$a$preliminary$food$web$of$a$Lophelia$community$

based$on$prior$observations$from$Lophelia)reefs;

• Students$will$understand$how$stable$isotope$analysis$can$be$used$to$infer$trophic$

relationships$for$key$organisms;$

• Students$will$make$corrections$to$their$preliminary$food$webs$based$on$conclusions$

from$the$stable$isotope$data;$

• Students$will$be$able$to$identify$the$source$of$energy$for$the$food$web$as$the$sun$and$

clarify$the$connection$between$producers$in$the$photic$zone$and$Lophelia

communities$(drift$as$well$as$organisms$that$move$between$the$surface$and$the$

bottom$on$a$regular$basis).$

Ocean.Literacy.Essential.Principles.and.Fundamental.Concepts.

5$–$The$ocean$supports$a$great$diversity$of$life$and$ecosystems.$$

A.$Ocean$life$ranges$in$size$from$the$smallest$virus$to$the$largest$animal$that$has$lived$

on$Earth,$the$blue$whale.

D.$Ocean$biology$provides$many$unique$examples$of$life$cycles,$adaptations$and$

important$relationships$among$organisms$(symbiosis,$predatorWprey$dynamics$and$

energy$transfer)$that$do$not$occur$on$land.$

G.$There$are$deep$ocean$ecosystems$that$are$independent$of$energy$from$sunlight$and$

photosynthetic$organisms.$Hydrothermal$vents,$submarine$hot$springs,$methane$

cold$seeps,$and$whale$falls$rely$only$on$chemical$energy$and$chemosynthetic$

organisms$to$support$life.$

7$W$The$Ocean$is$Largely$Unexplored

B.$Understanding$the$ocean$is$more$than$a$matter$of$curiosity.$Exploration,$inquiry$and$

study$are$required$to$better$understand$ocean$systems$and$processes.$$

Materials

• Living)in)Lophelia’s)Neighborhood$PowerPoint

678
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 2 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

• Copies$of$“Living$in$Lophelia’s$Neighborhood”$Student$Handout;$one$per$student

• Paper$for$drawing$food$webs

AudioNVisual.Materials.

• Computer$and$projector$with$internet$access$

Teaching.Time.

One$to$two$45W50$minute$class$periods$

Seating.Arrangement.

Groups$of$3W4$students

Key.Words

Lophelia)

Habitat

Community$

Foundation$species

Food$web

Trophic$level

Stable$Isotope

Background.Information.

So$far$in$this$unit,$students$have$been$focusing$on$Lophelia$as$an$organism.$In$this$

lesson,$students$are$introduced$to$the$idea$that$Lophelia)provides$habitat$for$other$

deepWsea$organisms,$and$in$fact$is$considered$a$foundation.species..A$foundation$

species$as$defined$by$Dayton$(1972)$is$“a$single$species$that$defines$much$of$the$

structure$of$a$community$by$creating$locally$stable$conditions$for$other$species,$and$by$

modulating$and$stabilizing$fundamental$ecosystem$processes.”$$In$this$lesson,$students$

consider$that$organisms$form$communities$for$a$number$of$reasons$including$access$to$

food,$and$then$they$explore$the$food$web$associated$with$a$community$around$Lophelia)

pertusa.)They$are$introduced$to$various$ways$scientists$determine$what$organisms$eat,$

keeping$in$mind$the$challenges$of$studying$a$seafloor$ecosystem.$They$are$introduced$to$

the$relatively$new$approach$of$using$stable$isotope$analysis$to$determine$food$web$

relationships.$Two$examples$are$provided$that$illustrate$carbon$and$nitrogen$isotope$

data$interpretation.$Students$participate$in$an$interactive$PowerPoint$presentation$and$

analyze$a$dataset$showing$three$species’$stable$isotope$values.$At$the$conclusion$of$the$

lesson,$students$are$asked$to$revisit$their$initial$assessment$of$Lophelia$communities$

food$webs,$and$learn$that$while$we$have$determined$some$things$about$these$deepWsea$

communities$(e.g.,$that$primary$production$is$photosyntheticWbased,$and$that$corals$

feed$at$multiple$trophic$levels),$we$still$have$a$great$deal$to$learn$about$these$

communities.$Students$will$also$discuss$how$these$deep$sea$communities$are$connected$

with$the$rest$of$the$marine$ecosystem.$$

Reference:

Dayton,$P.$K.$1972.$Toward$an$understanding$of$community$resilience$and$the$potential$

effects$of$enrichments$to$the$benthos$at$McMurdo$Sound,$Antarctica.$In:$Proceedings$of$

the$Colloquium$on$Conservation$Problems$in$Antarctica./Allen$Press,$pp.$81W95.

679
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 3 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

Learning.Procedure.

1) A$narrated$PowerPoint$(PPT)$and$4Wpart$Student$Handout$are$provided$to$structure$

this$lesson.$$Give$each$student$a$copy$of$the$PPT,$giving$students$time$to$work$on$

each$part$of$the$handout$as$you$proceed$through$the$PPT.$Notes$from$the$PPT$are$

included$on$the$slides$and$also$below;$however$because$some$of$the$slides$are$selfW

explanatory,$not$all$slides$have$narration.$A$warmWup$exercise$is$also$provided$on$

the$Student$Handout.$It$asks$students$to$recall$and$draw$what$they$understand

about$atoms$and$isotopes.$Pick$one$of$the$atoms$to$have$students$draw.$$$

2) Part.1:.Tools.to.Study.a.Community’s.Food.Web.(slides.1N8)..The$PPT$opens$by$

introducing$the$idea$that$students$will$now$be$considering$Lophelia$communities,$

rather$than$focusing$on$Lophelia$as$a$single$organism.$Begin$be$explaining$the$

concept$of$a$foundation$species,$and$ask$students$to$consider$ways$in$which$other$

organisms$rely$on$Lophelia.$Slide$2$introduces$reasons$why$organisms$form$

communities.$We$will$focus$the$trophic$structure/relationships$within$a$community.$$$

3) On$slide$3,$students$are$asked$to$focus$specifically$on$the$food$web$of$Lophelia

communities.$Using$their$handout,$have$students$work$in$groups$to$create$a$food$

web$of$the$organisms$shown$in$the$PPT.$They$are$not$expected$to$know$who$eats$

whom$but$to$use$their$prior$experience$and$best$guesses$to$create$the$food$web.$If$

they$flounder,$suggest$that$they$look$at$the$organism’s$morphology$as$a$way$to$infer$

what$it$eats$

4) Have$each$group$briefly$report$their$food$web.$As$students$are$reporting$their$ideas,$

ask$students$to$explain$how$they$could$actually$determine$who$eats$what,$using$

examples$from$their$food$webs.$For$example,$if$they$said$“crab$eats$fish,”$ask$them$

how$they$could$determine$this$or$what$evidence$would$they$look$for$to$support$this$

assertion.$Have$them$record$these$ideas$in$their$handout,$in$question$2.$Also$ask$

them$what$they$think$is$at$the$base$of$the$food$web.$Brainstorm$a$list$of$possibilities.$

Remind$students$that$these$are$communities$located$on$the$seafloor,$hundreds$of$

meters$below$the$photic$zone.$

5) Next,$using$the$PowerPoint$slides$4W8,$explain$the$various$methods$scientists$have$

used$to$determine$what$an$organism$eats,$allowing$students$time$to$take$notes$on$

their$handout.$

6) Part.2:.Carbon.Isotope.Analysis.(slides.9N24)..At$this$point,$introduce$the$

concept$of$using$stable$isotopes$as$a$way$to$infer$trophic$level.$$An$example$is$

provided$to$illustrate$how$carbon$isotope$analysis$was$used$to$infer$primary$food$

source$for$different$populations$of$cattle,$one$in$Britain$that$foraged$on$grass$and$

another$in$Brazil$that$was$fed$corn.$Give$students$a$few$minutes$to$discuss$with$

their$groups$what$they$think$caused$the$difference$in$carbon$isotope$ratios.$

7) Part.3:.Nitrogen.Isotopes.&.Trophic.Levels.(slides.25N27).The$second$example$

illustrates$how$nitrogen$isotope$analysis$is$used$to$determine$trophic$levels.$Hair$

samples$taken$from$vegans$and$from$meatWeaters$show$different$N$isotope$values$

reflecting$the$fact$that$the$meatWeaters$are$consuming$organisms$from$higher$

trophic$levels$than$vegans$who$eat$only$plants.$Again,$give$students$a$few$minutes$to$

680
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 4 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

discuss$with$their$groups$what$they$think$accounts$for$the$difference$before$

revealing$answers$in$the$following$slides.$(20)minutes)

8) Part.4:.Sorting.out.Lophelia’s.Food.Web.(slides.28N35)..In$this$part,$students$are$

asked$to$consider$how$all$of$this$relates$to$understanding$the$food$web$in$a$Lophelia

community,$and$are$introduced$to$a$dataset$provided$by$Dr.$Erin$Becker$who$

studies$food$webs$in$deepWsea$ecosystems.$After$presenting$the$three$organisms,$

give$students$time$to$interpret$the$dataset$provided$(slide$29).$Note,$you$may$have$

to$help$students$read$the$graph,$noting$that$now$we$see$both$C$isotope$AND$N$

isotope$data$on$the$same$graph,$13C$on$the$xWaxis$and$15N$on$the$yWaxis.$You$should$

also$remind$students$that$each$point$represents$one$individual,$either$a$crab,$

hydroid$or$coral$polyp.$You$may$also$want$to$point$out$that$the$sample$size$is$small$

because$of$the$challenges$of$collecting$organisms$from$this$environment.$Give$

students$10$minutes$to$come$up$with$several$interpretations$of$the$data.$

9) $Use$slides$30W33$to$lead$a$class$discussion$of$the$results.$

10)$The$final$part$of$this$lesson$asks$students$to$apply$this$new$understanding$of$

trophic$relationships$between$Lophelia,$hydroids$and$Munidopsis$to$the$larger$

Lophelia$community.$Slide$34$shows$the$original$set$of$organisms.$Give$students$

another$5W10$minutes$to$reWarrange$these$organisms$in$a$food$web$organized$by$

trophic$level,$given$what$they$now$know.$Ask$students$to$include$notes$justifying$

why$they$placed$each$organism$where$they$did,$including$stating$when$they$do$not$

know.$

11)$Have$student$groups$present$their$revised$food$webs$and$lead$a$class$discussion$

with$the$following$questions:

a. Which$organisms$are$at$the$lowest$trophic$level?$Are$these$primary$

producers,$and$if$not,$where$is$the$primary$production$coming$from$in$this$

ecosystem.$The)lowest)trophic)level)represented)in)the)assemblage)of)

organisms)is)primary)consumer)represented)by)sponges,)hydroids)and)corals.)

The)primary)producers)are)not)visible)within)this)ecosystem,)but)are)likely)

phytoplankton)coming)from)surface)waters,)along)with)zooplankton)and)

detritus)(e.g.,)marine)snow).)

b. Which$organisms$are$at$the$highest$trophic$level?$)Munidopsis)and)fish

c. Are$all$organisms$resident$or$endemic$to$the$Lophelia$community?$)It)is)likely)

that)the)fish)are)NOT)resident)but)come)and)go)from)the)community)and)have)a)

much)larger)range.)The)other)species)shown)here)are)either)sessile)or,)in)the)

case)of)the)crab,)do)not)range)far)and)may)be)considered)endemic)to)Lophelia)

communities.)

d. How$does$this$community$interact/interface$with$the$larger$marine$

ecosystem?$Fish)are)visitors,)possibly)using)this)habitat)for)feeding)or)

protection.)Most)importantly,)the)primary)base)of)the)food)web)comes)from)

surface)waters,)or)other)detritus)in)the)water)column.

e. How$important$do$you$feel$these$deepWsea$coral$communities$are?$Answers)

will)vary.)

681
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 5 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

The.“Me”.Connection

Students$could$develop$a$food$web$for$their$class,$exploring$where$most$of$the$food$eaten$

falls$within$this$web$(trophic$level),$and$where$it$comes$from$(distance,$country,$etc).$

Students$could$also$explore$the$concept$of$“eating$locally”$and$discuss$the$pros$and$cons$

for$doing$so.$

Assessment

Students$will$reveal$their$understanding$through$class$discussions.$You$may$choose$to$

have$students$turn$in$their$answers$to$the$discussion$questions$to$assess$what$they$have$

learned.$

Extensions.

Students$could$investigate$why$scientists$are$establishing$Marine$Protected$Areas$for$

coral$habitats,$and$they$could$explore$whether$they$feel$these$MPAs$should$also$apply$to$

deep$sea$coral$communities.$$

$ $

Multimedia.Discovery.Missions

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/welcome.html$

Click$on$the$links$to$Lessons$3,$5,$and$6$for$interactive$multimedia$presentations$and$

Learning$Activities$on$DeepWSea$Corals.

682
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 6 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

Living.in.Lophelia’s.Neighborhood,.PowerPoint.Script.

Slide.1

So$far$in$this$unit,$we’ve$been$focusing$on$Lophelia)as$an$organism.$But$this$organism$is$

particularly$important$because$of$the$habitat$is$provides$other)organisms$and$because$of$

the$community$that$forms$around$Lophelia)colonies.$We$refer$to$Lophelia)as$a$foundation.

species.because$without$it,$the$other$organisms$would$not$be$there$or$form$the$community$

there.$This$lesson$focuses$on$the$COMMUNITY$living$among$Lophelia$and$on$how$we$

determine$the$trophic$relationships.$$

The$definition$of$a$foundation$species,$according$to$Dayton,$is$“a$single$species$that$defines$

much$of$the$structure$of$a$community$by$creating$locally$stable$conditions$for$other$

species,$and$by$modulating$and$stabilizing$fundamental$ecosystem$processes.”$$

Dayton,)P.)K.)1972.)Toward)an)understanding)of)community)resilience)and)the)potential)

effects)of)enrichments)to)the)benthos)at)McMurdo)Sound,)Antarctica.)In:)Proceedings)of)the)

Colloquium)on)Conservation)Problems)in)Antarctica)+Allen)Press,)pp.)81+95.

Slide.2....

As$you$probably$recall$from$looking$at$the$photomosaics$in$the$first$lesson,$there$are$quite$

a$few$organisms$living$among$Lophelia,$more$than$we$may$at$first$have$noticed.$In$addition$

to$the$hard$coral,$Lophelia)pertusa,$we$saw$a$few$different$types$of$soft$corals,$2$different$

crab$species,$lots$of$hydroids,$crinoids,$sponges,$anemones,$bacteria,$tubeworms,$and$even$

fish.

When$thinking$about$communities,$it’s$useful$to$start$by$thinking$about$why.organisms.

live.together.$Sometimes$organisms$live$around$another$for$shelter,$sometimes$to$find$

others$of$its$own$kind$for$mating,$and$sometimes$because$other$organisms$provide$food.$$

Let’s$look$at$this$last$reason$in$some$detail.$$

What$do$each$of$the$organisms$in$the$Lophelia)community$eat?$$

Slide.3

Here$are$typical$organisms$found$in$and$among$a$Lophelia)colony.$Can$you$put$these$six$

organisms$together$in$some$sort$of$food$web?$Take$about$5$minutes$to$discuss$with$your$

group.$

Note)to)teacher:)it)is)not)expected)that)students)will)be)able)to)construct)a)food)web)based)on)

what)they)know)so)far.)Even)scientists)don’t)know)how)all)of)these)organisms)fit)together)in)a)

food)web.)

Slide.4

Ok,$but$HOW$do$we$know$who$eats$whom?$$

Look$at$this$crab.$How$could$you$tell$what$this$crab$eats?$One$of$the$first$ways$to$determine$

this$is$to$OBSERVE$the$crab$in$its$natural$environment.$You$could$do$this$in$person$by$

swimming$down$there$(well,$in$shallow$water$at$least)$and$watching,$or$perhaps$

photographing.$But$you$have$to$be$careful$not$to$disturb$the$crab$or$you$may$not$catch$it$

683
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 7 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

actually$eating$something.$You$could$leave$a$camera$down$there$and$hope$that$the$crab$

eats$something$within$the$field$of$view$of$the$camera.$$

But$actually,$observing$the$crab$in$action$is$tough$to$do.$What$other$ways$can$you$think$of?$

Slide.5

Well,$another$way$is$to$collect$the$crab$and$dissect$it$to$see$what’s$in$its$stomach.$But$this$

too$has$its$problems,$particularly$if$the$crab$had$already$digested$its$meal,$or$chewed$it$up$

beyond$recognition.$And$you$have$to$sacrifice$the$animal$to$determine$its$meal.$$

Slide.6

A$third$way$is$to$look$at$the$animal’s$shape$or$morphology$and$infer$what$it$might$eat$

based$on$its$shape.$For$example,$look$at$this$crab’s$claws.$It$looks$like$the$pinchers$would$

be$good$for$catching$prey$or$picking$out$food$from$substrates.$But$this$approach$does$not$

tell$you$what$the$crab$actually)eats.$

Slide.7

And$then$what$about$really$small$organisms$like$the$hydroids$in$this$community.$A$careful$

examination$of$its$morphology$(using$a$microscope)$reveals$that$hydroids,$a$cnidarian,$

have$stinging$cells$that$it$uses$to$capture$prey.$But$again,$it$is$difficult$to$determine$whether$

the$hydroid$is$catching$and$eating$things$like$bacteria$or$perhaps$larger$plankton.$

Slide.8

So$scientists$tend$to$use$all$of$these$methods$together,$and$still$it$can$be$difficult$to$

determine$what$an$organism$eats.$This$is$especially$challenging$in$the$deepWsea$because$it’s$

difficult$to$easily$observe$organisms$down$there,$and$even$if$you$sample$them,$they$often$

die$on$the$way$to$the$surface.$$And$the$morphology$only$narrows$down$the$possibilities$to$

TYPE$of$food,$not$to$the$particular$species.$

So$we$need$another$tool!!

Slide.9

So,$what$do$you$think$this$other$tool$might$be.$Here’s$a$hint:$“You$are$what$you$eat!”$$

Think$about$that.$What$does$it$mean?$$

Well,$all$animals$eat$to$obtain$energy,$in$the$form$of$basic$building$blocks$called$amino$

acids,$made$up$of$elements$carbon,$nitrogen,$oxygen$and$hydrogen$among$others.$So$for$

example,$the$very$carbon$that$is$in$the$grass$get$eaten$by$the$cow$and$metabolized$into$the$

cow’s$muscle,$and$this$is$then$eaten$as$hamburgers$by$us!$Wow.$$

Ok,$you$probably$knew$that$already.$

Slide.10

But$what$you$may$not$know$is$that$each$of$these$elements$(carbon,$nitrogen,$oxygen,$etc)$

have$a$particular$chemical$signature$that$show$the$proportion$of$stable$isotopes$in$each$

element.$$

Slide.11

Isotopes.$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 8 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

Ok,$let’s$back$up$and$recall$some$basic$chemistry.$As$you$will$recall,$atoms$are$made$up$of$

protons,$neutrons$and$electrons.$Each$element$has$a$unique$number$of$protons,$but$the$

number$of$neutrons$may$vary.$Isotopes$are$atoms$of$the$same$element$(that$is,$with$the$

same$number$of$protons$in$their$atomic$nucleus),$but$having$different$numbers$of$neutrons.$

Here’s$Carbon,$in$two$different$forms.$It$has$6$protons$but$it$can$have$6$or$7$or$8$neutrons,$

making$the$atomic$mass$number$of$carbon$12,$or$13,$or$14$respectively$depending$on$the$

number$of$neutrons.$This$diagram$shows$only$12C$and$13C,$the$two$stable$forms$of$carbon.$

Almost$99%$of$the$carbon$in$the$earth’s$atmosphere$is$12C.$The$remaining$percent$is$made$

up$of$13C$and$14C,$W$this$last$isotope$is$radioactive.$

Note)to)teachers:)Good)sites)with)additional)information:)

http://archaeology.about.com/od/stableisotopes/qt/dummies.htm$

Slide.12

And$as$you$may$guess,$some$isotopes$are$heavier$than$others$because$of$the$differing$

number$of$neutrons$in$the$nucleus.$$

Which$is$heavier,$12C$or$13C??

Slide.13

That$not$all$isotopes$are$treated$equally$is$a$key$concept.$$In$fact,$many$metabolic$processes$

that$require$energy$prefer$to$use$the$lighter$isotope.$$

Slide.14

So,$in$food$webs,$there$tends$to$be$more$12C$incorporated$into$the$animal’s$tissue$than$in$

the$plant$tissue$that$it$ate.$

Slide.15

So$let’s$look$at$an$example.$$

The$proportion$of$13C$in$air$is$1.11%,$not$a$lot$since$most$of$it$is$12C.$But$when$plants$take$

up$carbon$in$the$form$of$CO2$to$use$in$photosynthesis,$plants$tend$to$use$the$lighter$isotope$

–$12C$–$resulting$in$a$different$proportion$of$13C$in$their$tissues$than$what$is$in$air.$What’s$

more,$different$plants$use$isotopes$differently.$Wheat$uses$even$less$13C$than$corn.$

Note)to)teacher:)Two$points$on$this$slide$are:

1)$The$proportion$of$isotope$changes$slightly$from$the$original$(CO2$in$air$1.11%)$to$the$

product$(in$corn$1.10%$or$wheat$1.09%)$and$

2) Different$plant$types$(C3$vs$C4$plants)$tend$to$use$the$stable$isotopes$differently$(see$

extra$notes$below).$

These.known.differences.leave.a.chemical.signature.that.we.can.use.to.infer.“food.

source”..

EXTRA)NOTES:)Wheat)is)a)C3)plant)and)uses)the)Calvin+Benson)process.)Corn)is)a)C4)plant)and)

uses)the)Hatch+Slack)process)to)convert)CO2)to)organic)compounds.))

685
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 9 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

From)http://www.uga.edu/sisbl/stable.html):)“C3)plants)convert)atmospheric)CO2)to)a)

phosphoglycerate)compound)with)three)C)atoms)while)C4)plants)convert)CO2)to)dicarboxylic)

acid,)a)four+C)compound.)Carbon)isotopes)are)strongly)fractionated)by)photosynthesis)and)the)

C3)and)C4)processes)involve)different)isotopic)fractionation,)with)the)result)that)C4)plants)

have)higher)delta13C)values)ranging)from)+17‰)to)+9‰)with)a)mean)of)+13‰)relative)to)

PDB,)while)C3)plants)show)delta)values)ranging)from)+32‰)to)+20‰)with)an)average)value)

of)+27‰.)Most)terrestrial)plants)are)C3,)all)forest)communities)and)most)temperate)zone)

plant)communities)of)all)kinds)being)dominated)by)C3)plants.)The)native)plant)populations)of)

North)America)and)Europe)are)almost)exclusively)C3.)Over)80%)of)crop)plants)are)C3.))C4)

plants)are)characteristically)found)in)hot,)arid)environments:)a)selective)advantage)of)C4)

photosynthesis)is)more)efficient)use)of)water.)Some)crops)of)immense)importance)are)C4)

plants:)maize,)sorghum,)millet,)and)sugar)cane.”)

Slide.16...

Although$these$are$small$differences,$they$do$provide$us$with$a$chemical$signature.$$

To$see$this$difference$more$easily,$we$typically$convert$the$proportion$to$magnify$the$

difference.$The$symbol$δ.13C$is$pronounced$“delta$c$13.”

Notice$that$as$the$proportion$of$the$heavier$isotope$goes$down,$the$conversion$results$in$a$

more$negative$number$(e.g.,$wheat$has$the$lowest$proportion$of$13C,$or$the$least$amount$of$

the$heavier$isotope,$and$it$has$the$most$negative$number).$

Slide.17

OPTIONAL$SLIDE$

Note)to)teacher:)The)conversion)is)provided)just)for)completeness)but)is)not)necessary)for)

students)to)understand.)

Slide.18...

So,$δ$c13$of$air$is$W7,$δ$c13$of$corn$is$W12,$and$δ$c13$of$wheat$is$W25.$

Notice$that$as$the$proportion$of$the$heavier$isotope$goes$down,$the$conversion$results$in$a$

more$negative$number$(e.g.,$wheat$has$the$lowest$proportion$of$13C,$or$the$least$amount$of$

the$heavier$isotope,$and$it$has$the$most$negative$number).$

Slide.19

Here$are$actual$data$showing$stable$carbon$isotope$analysis$of$muscle$tissue$from$cattle$

from$Brazil$(in$ORANGE)$and$from$Britain$(in$GREEN).$Each$dot$represents$the$isotope$

analysis$of$one$cow$W$$9$cows$from$Britain$and$9$cows$from$Brazil$total.$$Notice$the$distinct$

difference$between$the$values$of$carbon$isotopes$of$cows$from$Britain$vs.$cows$from$Brazil.$

Notice$too$which$cows$have$a$higher$proportion$of$the$heavier$isotope$(the$cows$from$

Brazil$have$more$of$the$heavier$13C$isotope).$

What$accounts$for$these$differences?$

Note:$these$data$are$taken$from:$$

Heaton$K,$Kelly$SD,$Hoogewerff$J,$and$Woolfe$M.$2008.$Verifying$the$geographical$origin$of$

686
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 10 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

beef:$The$application$of$multiWelement$isotope$and$trace$element$analysis.$Food)Chemistry)

107,$506W515.$

Slide.20

Remember$it$has$to$do$with$the$expression$“You$are$what$you$eat!”$$

Cows$in$Brazil$feed$on$corn$primarily.$Cows$in$Britain$graze$on$grass$and$fodder,$similar$to$

wheat.$So$the$carbon$isotope$signature$of$corn$shows$up$in$the$cows$from$Brazil$because$

that’s$what$they$eat.$And$the$carbon$isotope$signature$of$wheat$shows$up$in$the$grassWfed$

cows.$

Slide.21

In$general,$carbon$isotope$analysis$can$tell$us$what$the$primary$producer$was,$in$this$case$

either$corn$or$grass.$

Slide.22

Our$simple$carbon$isotope$analysis$of$beef$cattle$illustrates$that$the$primary$producers$in$

this$simple$food$chain$are$photosynthesis$based,$and$are$either$corn$or$grass$primary$

producers.$

But$the$next$important$point$is$that$after$primary$production,$the$carbon$isotope$values$do$

not$change$from$one$organism$to$the$next$in$the$food$web.$It’s$really$only$the$metabolic$

processes$of$fixing$carbon$that$uses$the$heavier$or$lighter$isotopes$differently.$After$that,$

the$proportion$stays$the$same$(of$CARBON$ISOTOPES,$but$not$other$isotopes,$as$we’ll$see).$

So,$this$is$where$the$expression,$“You$are$what$you$eat!”$comes$in.$$

And$it$can$tell$us$what$your$primary$producer$was.$$

Slide.23

Of$course$the$same$thing$applies$in$ocean$food$chains.$$

Slide.24

Cartoon$courtesy$of$Dr.$Brian$Fry$

Slide.25

Not$all$isotopes$act$the$same.$So$an$isotope$analysis$of$Nitrogen,$for$example,$can$tell$us$

other$things$about$the$food$web.$Nitrogen$isotopes$actually$help$us$figure$out$trophic$

relations.$This$isotope$is$affected$by$metabolic$processes$involved$in$digestion$and$

excretion.$In$this$case,$the$lighter$isotope$is$digested$and$then$excreted$(in$urine)$so$the$

remaining$tissue$actually$builds$up$more$of$the$heavier$isotope.$$

So$the$higher$you$go$on$the$food$web,$the$higher$your$proportion$of$the$heavier$isotope,$

15N.$$

Slide.26

Here$is$another$example,$this$one$showing$a$stable$isotope$analysis$of$hair$samples$taken$

from$two$different$populations$of$people$–$one$that$eats$strictly$plant$material,$and$another$

that$eats$anything,$meat$and$vegetables.$We’ll$call$these$meatWeaters.$The$meatWeaters$have$

a$higher$15N$isotope$value$than$the$vegans.$They$have$more$of$the$heavier$nitrogen$isotope.$

687
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 11 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

In$technical$terms,$the$biochemical$processes$of$the$consumer$that$breakdown$protein$use$

the$lighter$isotope$(14N)$which$are$then$excreted$at$a$higher$rate$than$the$heavier$isotope$

(15N).$$This$leaves$the$consumer’s$tissue$enriched$in$the$heavier$isotope.$So$the$consumer$

has$a$higher$15N$ratio$than$that$of$what$it$consumed.$$$

Note)to)teacher:)Notice)that)the)Nitrogen)isotope)values)are)now)on)the)y+axis.)This)is)done)

only)because)of)convention)–)as)we)get)further)in)our)analysis)and)combine)the)N)and)C)

analysis,)we’ll)keep)C)on)the)x+axis)and)N)on)the)y+axis.))

Slide.27

AND$THIS$CONTINUES$UP$THE$FOOD$CHAIN.$$

The$nitrogen$isotopic$ratio$increases$by$a$consistent$amount$with$each$trophic$level$(e.g.,$

+2$‰$to$+5$‰).$The$next$consumer$has$a$higher$ratio$than$what$it$consumed,$etc..$

The$cool$thing$is$that$this$can$be$used$to$indicate$trophic$level,$such$as$primary$producer,$

consumer,$secondary$consumer,$top$predator.$$

The$general$rule$for$N$is$“You$are$what$you$eat$+3”$

In$other$words,$a$consumer$has$a$Nitrogen$isotope$value$that$is$3$units$higher$than$the$

organism$it$eats.$

Slide.28

So$how$does$this$apply$to$our$study$of$the$Lophelia)community?$

Let’s$look$at$just$a$simple$subset$of$data$from$Dr.$Erin$Becker,$from$Pennsylvania$State$

University,$who$studies$the$food$web$dynamics$of$deep$sea$ecosystems$like$these$coral$

communities$and$the$tubeworm$and$mussel$communities$of$the$Gulf$of$Mexico,$and$

hydrothermal$vent$ecosystems.$$

In$the$following$slides,$we$will$look$at$carbon$and$nitrogen$isotope$data$from$three$species$

in$the$Lophelia$community:$a$crab,$hydroids,$and$the$coral$itself$and$see$if$we$can$discern$

any$patterns$of$who$ate$whom.$$

Slide.29

Here$are$the$data.$Each$point$on$the$graph$represents$data$from$one$individual.$Notice$that$

we’ve$combined$the$carbon$and$nitrogen$data$on$one$graph.$So$for$example,$one$red$square$

(one$crab)$has$a$carbon$isotope$ratio$and$a$nitrogen$ratio.$As$expected$there$is$variation$in$

these$values$for$each$individual$since$they$are$each$eating$different$things.$

What$can$you$see?$

Note)to)teacher:)be)sure)to)help)students)read)the)graph.)For)example,)there)are)three)

Lophelia)individuals,)with)an)average)13C)value)of)around)+22,)and)an)average)15N)value)of)11.)

The)Hydroids)have)a)range)of)13C)values)from)+17)to)+21,)but)a)very)consistent)15N)value)of)

around)8.)And)the)crabs)have)the)greatest)variation,)most)likely)because)they)eat)all)kinds)of)

things.)Give)students)time)to)discuss)what)they)see.)

Slide.30

688
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 12 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

Here$are$the$results$you$can$see$in$this$dataset:$

Hydroids$are$feeding$at$the$same$trophic$level$whereas$Munidopsis$crabs$are$feeding$at$a$

higher$trophic$level.$

Lophelia$are$feeding$at$two$different$trophic$levels,$one$similar$to$Hydroids$and$the$other$

similar$to$Munidopsis

Hydroids$are$likely$feeding$on$small$organic$particulate$matter,$possibly$plankton$and$

detritus$raining$down$from$the$surface$or$being$stirred$up$from$the$sediment$by$bottom$

currents.$$

Lophelia$is$probably$eating$both$organic$particulate$matter$(like$the$hydroids)$AND$larger$

organisms$like$copepods$swimming$around$and$feeding$on$smaller$particulate$matter.$$

Munidopsis$are$eating$other$critters.$

This$slide$shows$the$range$of$delta$c13$values,$all$in$the$range$of$photosynthesisWbased$

Carbon$isotope$signatures.$This$Lophelia$community$is$based$on$the$SUN!$$

Extra$Note:$Some$seafloor$communities$are$based$on$chemosynthesis$rather$than$

photosynthesis.$ChemosynthesisWbased$primary$production$comes$from$the$use$of$

hydrocarbons$seeping$up$from$under$the$seafloor.$)In)the)case)of)deep)sea)ecosystems)(e.g.,)

tubeworm)communities))which)are)known)to)rely)on)microbes)fixing)carbon)through)

chemosynthesis)and)using)methane)and)other)hydrocarbons)from)the)seeps)as)the)carbon)

source,)the)C)isotope)signature)is)very)different)than)one)from)photosynthetic)processes,)

typically)much)more)negative.)There)is)an)optional)slide)at)the)end)of)this)presentation)

showing)typical)13C)values.)

Slide.31

This$slide$shows$the$delta$N15$values$for$hydroids.$Since$they$are$all$so$similar,$it$appears$

that$hydroids$are$feeding$at$the$same$trophic$level.$Hydroids$are$likely$feeding$on$small$

organic$particulate$matter,$possibly$plankton$and$detritus$raining$down$from$the$surface$or$

being$stirred$up$from$the$sediment$by$bottom$currents.$

Slide.32

Munidopsis$(crabs)$have$a$higher$delta$N$15$than$hydroids,$indicating$that$they$are$likely$

consumers$feeding$at$a$higher$trophic$level.$In$other$words,$Munidopsis$are$eating$other$

critters.$

Slide.33

Here$we$see$Lophelia$N$values$at$two$different$levels.$

Lophelia$is$probably$eating$both$organic$particulate$matter$(like$the$hydroids)$AND$larger$

organisms$like$copepods$swimming$around$and$feeding$on$smaller$particulate$matter.$One$

individual$probably$ate$the$organic$particulate$matter$only,$and$the$other$two$individuals$

at$things$like$copepods.$

Slide.34

So$NOW$what$can$we$say$about$our$food$web?$Can$you$place$these$common$Lophelia

community$organisms$in$different$trophic$levels?$$

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project Lesson 6 – 13 Lophelia’s Neighborhood 

Slide.35

Note$to$teacher:$this$slide$is$animated,$bringing$in$one$species$at$a$time$and$placing$it$

according$to$trophic$level.$Notice$the$food$web$does$not$start$with$producers.$

This$is$an$important$point.$The$base$of$this$food$web$is$likely$coming$from$primary$

production$taking$place$at$the$surface$and$then$“raining”$down$through$the$water$column.$

Unlike$shallow$water$corals$that$have$symbiotic$algae$that$produce$food$for$them,$these$

deepWsea$corals$feed$by$eating$particles$in$the$water$column.$And$all$of$that$originated$at$

the$surface.$

So,$we$know$that$the$deepWwater$coral$communities$rely$on$sunshine$and$photosynthetic$

processes.$And$we$know$approximate$trophic$level$for$many$organisms.$But$exactly$who$

eats$what$is$still$unknown!$

There$are$still$many$many$unknowns.$

Slide.36

Acknowledgements:$Much$of$the$content$in$this$presentation$was$prepared$by$Liz$

Podowski,$formerly$of$Dr.$Chuck$Fisher’s$Lab$at$PSU,$and$was$drawn$from$work$by$Dr.$Erin$

Becker.$Erin$also$provided$assistance$reviewing$the$accuracy$of$the$overall$presentation.$

Both$have$been$invaluable$in$the$development$of$this$lesson.$$

Slide.37

OPTIONAL)SLIDE)on)CHEMOSYNTHESIS

Note)to)teacher:)although)this)is)a)complicated)slide,)it)points)out)an)important)difference)for)

seafloor)ecosystems)that)get)their)energy)from)sources)other)than)the)sun.)Many)seafloor)

ecosystems)use)CHEMOSYNTHESIS)as)the)basis)of)the)food)web,)and)this)results)in)a)very)

different)carbon)isotope)signature,)one)with)a)much)lower)13C)number)than)photosynthesis)

based)ecosystems.)In*the*case*of*deep*sea*ecosystems*(e.g.,*tubeworm*communities)*

which*are*known*to*rely*on*microbes*fixing*carbon*through*chemosynthesis*and*using*

methane*and*other*hydrocarbons*from*the*seeps*as*the*carbon*source,*the*C*isotope*

signature*is*very*different*than*one*from*photosynthetic*processes.**

The$carbon$isotope$composition$of$a$primary$producer$depends$largely$on$the carbon.

input.(i.e.:$the$source$of$inorganic$carbon$such$as$carbon$dioxide$or$hydrocarbons)$and$the.

pathway.the.organism.uses.to.fix.inorganic.carbon.into$organic$carbon.$$Carbon$fixed$

through$a$photosynthetic$pathway$can$range$in$stable$isotope$composition$from$about$W12$

to$W25.$$This$variation$is$partly$a$result$of$the$diversity$of$photosynthesis$W$not$all$plants$

perform$photosynthesis$exactly$the$same.$C3$photosynthesis$fractionates$carbon$

differently$than$C4$photosynthesis.$$Because$carbon$is$fractionated$differently$in$each$of$

these$forms$of$photosynthesis,$stable$isotope$analysis$helps$us$to$differentiate$between$the$

types$of$photosynthesis$that$may$be$supporting$a$food$web.$$

690
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 1 Lesson 6 – Student Handout 

Living in Lophelia’s Neighborhood Name: ___________

Warm-up: 

Draw a diagram of one atom of either 12C, 13C, 14N, or 15N: 

(your teacher will tell you which one to draw.)

Part 1: Tools to Study a Community’s Food Web (Slides 1-8) 

1. Using your prior knowledge of cold-water coral communities, construct a food 

web of the Lophelia community. Use these organisms: Lophelia coral, sponge, 

crab, hydroids, fish, and brittle stars. (Let the pictures in the third slide help 

you.)

2. As an ecologist, how could you determine who eats whom? What could you do? 

My Ideas Techniques Used by Ecologists 

(from slides)

 12

 C

 6

 15

 N

 7

 14

 N

 7

 13

 C

 6

691
BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 2 Lesson 6 – Student Handout 

Part 2: Carbon Isotope Analysis (Slides 9- 24) 

3. Predict whether the following statements are True or False. Then, as you go 

through the slides with your teacher, give your final answers and then reword

any false statements so they are true. 

Prediction

(T or F)

Statement Final 

Answer

A) Scientists have tools that can measure the amount of 

Carbon 12 (12C) and of Carbon 13 (13C) in different 

organisms.

B) Plants use equal amounts of 12C and of 13C during 

photosynthesis.

C) Plants are known as consumers and animals as primary 

producers.

D) Scientists can analyze a steak to determine if the cow 

the steak is from ate more corn or grasses (like wheat).

E) Carbon 13 (13C ) values give us information on the source 

of carbon for different organisms.

4. Listed below are different living and non-living objects that contain Carbon and 

its average converted value of 13C, called δ13C. Put the objects in order from 

highest proportion of 13C to lowest proportion of 3

C. (Note – use after slide 15 

but before looking at slide #19)

Air: δ13C = -7 

 Carbon stored in the soil: δ13C = -23

Corn: δ13C = -12

Cow in Brazil: δ13C = -11.6 

Cow in Britain: δ13C = -25.5 

Lophelia: δ13C = -22

Wheat: δ13C = -25

Explain how you decided which item had the smallest proportion of 13C .

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 3 Lesson 6 – Student Handout 

5. Explain what the phrase “You are what you eat” means using Carbon as an 

example. 

Part 3: Nitrogen Isotopes & Trophic Levels (Slides 25-27) 

6. In your own words, explain why it’s necessary to use BOTH Carbon and Nitrogen 

isotope values to figure out “who eats what” in a food web. Think about what 

Carbon isotope values tell us, and then what Nitrogen isotope values tell us. 

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 4 Lesson 6 – Student Handout 

Part 4: Sorting out Lophelia’s Food web (Slides 28-35) 

1. Using this graph, write down 

at least three trophic 

relationship patterns you see in 

this dataset. 

2. After reviewing the slides and class discussion, record any new or revised 

patterns you now see in this dataset. 

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BOEM/NOAA OER Lophelia II Project 5 Lesson 6 – Student Handout 

3. In the Lophelia community food web, ... 

a. which organisms shown in the slides are at the lowest trophic level? 

b. who are the primary producers and where are they in the marine environment?

How do they get to the Lophelia community? 

c. which organisms are at the highest trophic level?

d. which organisms are full-time residents vs. those that are visitors? 

e. how does this community interact with the larger marine ecosystem? 

f. how important do you feel these deep coral communities are? 

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APPENDIX F-2. TRANSCRIPT OF THE VIDEO “LOPHELIA II: REEFS, 

RIGS, AND WRECKS” 

 

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Appendix )2: Transcript of the video “Lophelia II: Reefs, Rigs, and Wrecks” 

Start logos and music 

Dr. Chuck Fisher 

The Gulf of Mexico is a very unique place geologically. It is home to the largest oil and gasproducing region in the continental United States, and it is also one of the most complex 

continental shelves in the world. So in the Gulf of Mexico, the northern Gulf of Mexico, we have 

oil and gas-bearing shales with a salt sheet underneath them and a layer of sediment on top. And 

as these different geological forces interact, we get cracks in the oil-bearing shale and we get 

natural seepage coming out of the sea floor. So at thousands of different places in the Gulf of 

Mexico oil and gas is naturally seeping, very slowly from the sea floor, and in those 

environments we have some very special communities of animals that have evolved to live there. 

These environments are rich in energy, there's bacteria that can live off of methane, there's 

bacteria that degrade to oil and there's bacteria that live off of other gases that are produced like 

hydrogen sulfite. And this forms the basis of a food chain. So in these places where there's cold 

seeps there are luxuriant communities of giant tubeworms and mussels that can cover areas 

bigger than a football field. 

Now the same bacteria that are eating the oil and eating the methane, as a byproduct of that, 

they are creating the chemical environment where rocks form. And in places where you have oil 

seeps you have carbonates form. So areas where there are rocks are areas where special 

communities can move in. And corals love rocks. So we found that in fact most of the deep 

corals in the Gulf of Mexico are associated with oil seeps, either areas that are still seeping or 

areas that were oil seeps over the last 10,000 to 100,000 years. 

Gregory Boland 

The primary goals of the Lophelia II study that was really initiated by the Bureau of Ocean 

and Energy Management or BOEM were focused on understanding all of the variables that lead 

to the distribution of these deep-sea coral habitats throughout the deep Gulf of Mexico. This is 

critical for information needs that are required by management to help protect these 

environments and avoid the impacts of oil exploration and production. 

Dr. Erik Cordes 

We named the study Lophelia II mostly because it was focused around probably the poster 

child for deep-water corals, Lophelia pertusa. This is a species that has a world- wide 

distribution: it's the one we really know the most about, going into the study. We are trying to 

learn a lot more about its biology and its distribution in the Gulf of Mexico. But we are really 

starting to tease apart, what makes it tick, why it shows up in the places where it is found, how it 

can form these large reef structures and what kind of other organisms are attracted to the habitat 

that it makes in the deep-sea. 

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Dr. Chuck Fisher 

We'll be going out on a large oceanographic vessel, the Ron Brown, NOAA’s flagship for 

research. It holds 34 scientists. We'll be using the Jason II ROV to do work on the seafloor. It 

will dive to the seafloor every day. We'll be spending most of the time with it on the seafloor. It 

can stay down for days where we can see exactly what it's doing, through its 4 or 5 camera 

systems. We’ll have pilots and engineers and navigators that are running the ROV in the van 

with us. We will collect animals, collect mud samples, collect water samples, we'll be shooting 

video, photo mosaics and close ups of the animals. 

Dr. Ian MacDonald 

The American part of the Gulf of Mexico is many thousands of square miles of deep-ocean, 

dark, and without landmarks, without street signs. And in that many thousands of square miles, 

we have to find a few sites, where there is rocky bottom, where there are promontories, hillsides, 

mounds, that corals can attach to. And it's probably more difficult that finding a needle in a 

haystack because at least a haystack you can see. In the case of finding the seeps we had to do a 

very different process. 

We started with maps of the geology and geophysics of the Gulf that were compiled by the 

oil industry in their quest for places where there would be economic oil reserves. And our team 

of geologists and geophysicist went through this data and they picked out areas where the signal 

of the bottom in the mapping that had been done indicated that there were hard substrates, rocks. 

And they also looked for places where there were steep slopes. So the combination of a hard 

substrate and a steep slope is the kind of conditions that support the formation of these deep- sea 

coral reefs. 

Dr. Erik Cordes 

Lophelia is really well adapted to deep-water environment. It doesn’t contain the 

photosynthetic algae as symbionts that a lot of the shallow corals do. It tends to grow very 

slowly because it is entirely reliant on feeding from particles that rain down from the surface. 

And Lophelia is well adapted to these deep water conditions were there is no light, very low 

temperatures and a lot of other oceanographic variables that we are really just beginning to 

understand. 

Dr. Chuck Fisher 

This project was designed to explore and discover new deep-water coral sites in the Gulf of 

Mexico, characterize those sites, but also to conduct experiments that will let us understand how 

the corals work and why they are where they are. 

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Dr. Cheryl Morrison 

Like many marine invertebrates Lophelia are broadcast spawners. And so they release 

gametes into the water column and the gametes will come together, and fertilize and become 

larvae and larvae travel through the water column for probably somewhere between two to four 

weeks, and then they find an adequate settlement area, which is usually a hard substrate, where 

they settle down and start maturing into adult corals. 

I've been studying connectivity between reefs in the Gulf but previously coming into this 

project, we really only knew about one area basically in the Gulf that had a lot of Lophelia. So 

now we have really nice coverage throughout the Gulf and we've been able to adequately sample, 

to do population genetics, which is kind of like a genetic fingerprinting, and then we've been 

looking at whether the genetic signatures are homogenized among the Gulf reefs or whether they 

are distinct, meaning that there is not a lot of connectivity. And so now we have a really nice 

data set where we can say that it looks like all of the reefs that we have surveyed are very 

genetically connected, where the connectivity is high, and we now have a dataset where we can 

say that fairly robustly. 

Dr. Erik Cordes 

In my opinion, one of the biggest discoveries that we have made in the Lophelia II expedition 

was the discovery of Roberts Reef. This is a site that is really spectacular. It’s got full complete 

coverage of live Lophelia corals, this extensive reef structure. Lots of other coral species living 

there as well, black corals and sea fans. It’s got a really high diversity of associated fauna along 

with the corals, and it's a site that we almost overlooked. We went to see it but we weren’t really 

expecting a coral reef. And it was really astounding to see this well-developed reef structure in 

an area that we might not have predicted would have a reef on it. And it’s because we think the 

coral structure is so extensive and that mound is just entirely composed of coral framework, the 

skeleton, that its scattering the sound waves, and so we don’t get a hard return on the sound like 

we would from a carbonate which is where the corals generally start to form. But in this case we 

had this coral structure that may have been building up over thousands of years that formed this 

huge mound and this live, thriving reef and gave us this signature that we wouldn’t have 

predicted would have a reef on it. 

Dan Warren 

The Gulf of Mexico has over 300 years of maritime history, that has resulted in quite a few 

shipwrecks, several hundred wrecks even several thousand wrecks are thought to be lost in the 

Gulf of Mexico. And with this project we’ve had the opportunity to study eight of these wrecks 

from a variety of time periods and the study of these wrecks tells us not only about the maritime 

history of each of those periods but also gives us an understanding of how these wrecks are 

functioning as artificial reefs in the deep-water reaches of the Gulf, something that has never 

been looked at in depth before. 

The Gulfpenn was a tanker during World War II that was sunk by a German U-Boat here in 

the Gulf. Archeologically it represents a wreck from a period of great conflict worldwide. For 

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this project in particular, it also represents one of the largest growths of Lophelia ever discovered 

in the Gulf of Mexico. 

Dr. Cheryl Morrison 

The shipwrecks have been just amazing to actually see with the ROV. The Lophelia growth 

on the wrecks is just absolutely outstanding. They are healthy and huge. They are also interesting 

because we know when they sank. So when you look at a natural reef, it is impossible to know 

how long those individual corals have been alive. But we know with the shipwrecks that we have 

a time constraint so this is something that is very unique compared to the natural reefs. And we 

can also use our genetic markers to see what natural populations likely populated the shipwrecks. 

And it looks like the shipwrecks, are getting populated from all sorts of reefs. So the larvae are 

coming from far away and close by, and the Lophelia are very healthy and thriving. Our findings 

that there is a lot of connectivity of Lophelia in the Gulf, is really good news, it is the best case 

scenario for long term conservation of the reefs because basically what that means is that we 

haven’t found any reefs that are isolated. Isolated reefs are very unlikely to be repopulated by 

other Lophelia larvae if they are destroyed. And instead what we see is that there is a lot of 

connectivity, and so if a reef area is destroyed it is likely to be repopulated and it is also likely to 

be repopulated with a fair amount of genetic diversity. 

Dan Warren 

Over the course of the project, based on the information recapped from the eight shipwrecks 

that we studied, our understanding of what’s going on with these shipwrecks has changed. 

Initially, we have seen these shipwrecks as static, not really changing. But we now see that 

changes are much more dynamic than we originally thought, and it comes from a variety of 

sources, not only environmental with the currents and the bottom changing but also with some of 

the animal life and the sea life that we find that they are actually impacting the wrecks in a more 

substantial way than we ever thought they could, and that is definitely something that we are 

going to be exploring in the future as we continue to look at these wrecks in the Gulf of Mexico 

as well as wrecks around the world. 

Dr. Ian Mc Donald 

One of the things that limits the ability of Lophelia reefs to form in the Gulf of Mexico is the 

shortage of hard surfaces for the larvae to land on, the adults to grow up on and the associated 

fauna to orient to. The exceptions to that are the hard bottom generated by seepage that we’ve 

already talked about, shipwrecks, and increasingly in deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico, oil 

platforms and the engineering structures created by oil and energy production. 

And these are places, where artificial reefs in a way, are installed, by the industry and these 

can provide a stepping stone or an expansion of the habitat and create more living coral colonies 

than would otherwise be possible. 

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Greg Boland 

The Lophelia coral was discovered at record depths both shallow and deep. The shallowest 

depth was about 200 meters, which was significantly shallower that other corals that had been 

seen in natural habitats. But the deep record is probably more spectacular because it's 

significantly deeper, 400 feet deeper than any previous record at about 800 meters. And also the 

growth rates of these colonies was determined to be much greater that anything that has been 

seen on a natural reef, with growth rates of an inch or about 25 millimeters, over 5 times faster 

than has been published for Lophelia growth on natural habitats. 

Dr. Chuck Fisher 

So this will be our main goal, will in fact be to study the deep sea coral communities of the 

Gulf of Mexico, but in light of the recent Deep Water Horizon disaster, we'll be supplementing 

that work with some additional exploration for sites in closer to the spill, and we'll be revisiting 

some of the sites that we know very well to see if we can detect any changes over the last year 

since we were there last. 

Dr. Erik Cordes 

In fact some of our biggest sites in the Viosca Knoll region, including Roberts Reef are 

within 40 kilometers or so of the Deep Water Horizon, the former site of the Deep Water 

Horizon. We obviously didn’t pick these sites because of their proximity to that location. We had 

visited them a number of times in the past and we were there in 2009, at a lot of these sites, 

setting up long term experiments, areas that we photographed very carefully that we can return 

to, we had instruments on the seafloor that were measuring the oceanography, the particles, 

naturally coming down from the surface. 

So after the Deep Water Horizon incident in April of 2010, we got to go back in 2010 and we 

already had an established presence on the seafloor, we already had a number of these sites that 

we had been working on in some cases for years, and so we could very quickly go in and 

reassess the site and see in what sort of condition they were in. 

For many of the Lophelia sites, we were pleasantly surprised that we didn’t actually see any 

drastic visual evidence of impact from the oil spill. We are continuing to monitor these sites, and 

we don’t have a hundred percent answer, a very clear answer that they are totally out of the 

woods. We don’t know. There could be long-term effects on the health of the coral and their 

ability to reproduce that we don’t understand yet, and we need to continue to monitor and we 

will do that. But we were happy that our initial visit, as part of this Lophelia II expedition in 

2010 that the corals looked like they were in pretty good health. 

Dr. Chuck Fisher 

So we have been studying the communities of corals in the Gulf of Mexico for decades. The 

communities we study start at about 300 meters and go down to 3000 meters. And with the 

DWH disaster at 1400 meters in the Gulf of Mexico, we had an oils spill were the oil was being 

701
released at the same depth as many of the communities that we study, and in fact they were using 

dispersants at depth, which would have the effect of keeping the oil in that horizon. 

So as we all heard, a lot of the oil has disappeared, it was contained, collected, some 

evaporated, some was burned off, some has formed into globules and washed up on shore and 

people are wondering where the rest went. Well, there is growing evidence that a lot of that oil 

has ended up in the deep sea on the sea floor. And our work on the communities of megafauna 

that live in these environments sets the stage to see if in fact, this oil has impacted any of those 

communities. 

Greg Boland 

This project has really been exceptional in that it has resulted in tangible impacts on 

management policy that protect these kinds of sensitive deep-water habitats. Two examples that 

are directly related to the Lophelia II study were the increase of buffer distances for discharges 

from the surface that has been extended, essentially doubled to 2000 feet, as well as the impacts 

of anchors, on the bottom, physical impacts, and we also increased the depth range, or made it 

shallower from 400 to 300 meters for the requirement of a review of every plan that comes in for 

both for exploration and production activities as well as pipeline installations to ensure that we 

are covering all of the habitat where deep-sea corals may occur in the Gulf. 

Roll logos and credits. 

Total running time = 23 minutes.

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The Department of the Interior Mission

As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior 

has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural 

resources. This includes fostering the sound use of our land and water 

resources, protecting our fish, wildlife and biological diversity; preserving the 

environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places; 

and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The 

Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to ensure 

that their development is in the best interests of all our people by encouraging 

stewardship and citizen participation in their care. The Department also has 

a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for 

people who live in island communities. 

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) works to manage the 

exploration and development of the nation's offshore resources in a way that 

appropriately balances economic development, energy independence, and 

environmental protection through oil and gas leases, renewable energy 

development and environmental reviews and studies