# Patent

## Title
Firefighter's coat providing freedom of arm movement

## Abstract

.Iadd.This Application Ser. No. 07/213,491, filed Jun. 30, 1988, is a continuation of parent Application Ser. No. 06/577,328, filed Feb. 8, 1984, and now abandoned, which was a continuation of Application Ser. No. 06/263,092, filed May 12, 1981, and now abandoned, which in turn is a reissue application of Application Ser. No. 05/817,748, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,154,795. .Iaddend.

## Background
This invention relates to laboratory apparatus for use in the conducting of body fluid investigations such as complement fixation tests, hemagglutinition tests, hemagglutinition inhibition tests and metabolic inhibition tests and immuno chemical and both isotopic and non-isotopic immuno assays. More particularly the invention relates to a microtest or microtitration plate.

In the known microtitration plates the wells, cups or recesses for receiving samples of the body fluid to be tested are formed by drilling or moulding. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,356,462 discloses a moulded microtitration plate made of a transparent rigid synthetic plastics material and having twelve rows of integral open-top wells or cups, eight in each row. The main disadvantage of such microtitration plates is their lack of versatility and expense due to the integral cups or wells.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a microtest plate which has a greater degree of versatility.

This object is achieved in accordance with the present invention by providing a microtest plate which is characterised by a tray, conveniently moulded from foam plastics, having a plurality of compartments and by a multiplicity of individual wells fitted into the compartments. The compartments are preferably arranged in one or more rows and/or columns.

One advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the wells can be pretreated with different test materials for testing different diseases in any desired combination in one tray since the pretreatment can be carried out before the wells are fitted in the tray. For example, the wells can be pretreated with a wetting agent or processed to enable them to grow cell cultures. In another example with different concentrated antigen, antibody, or antibiotic test materials, as well as with radio-isotopes for use in radio-immuno-assay and enzyme linked test materials for use in enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assays for the determination of the antigen or antibody content of body fluids. The pretreated wells can then be pre-processed, for example by freeze drying the test material and the processed wells fitted into the tray compartments in the desired combination. The individual wells can then easily be covered or sealed by any suitable means. Thus, a single tray can be used to perform a variety of tests on a body fluid sample from a single patient.

As a further advantage of the invention the individual wells enable the tray to be made of a less expensive material than that of the wells, thereby decreasing its expense as compared with those microtitration plates with integral wells and the cost of replacing said plates if they are disposed of as is usually the case.

In order to facilitate assembly of the trays and wells and removal of the wells from the tray compartments preferably at least some of the wells are moulded integrally with one another. For example, the wells may be integrally connected together by means of stems, webs, strips or the like of moulding material such as mould flashings, extending between the individual wells and enabling the wells to be separated from one another if required. By this means the wells may be more easily manipulated and more rapidly fitted into and removed from the compartments.

The wells may be integrally moulded in any convenient formation, for example one or more lines or rows connected together in a strip, or a block of wells.

Preferably, the bottoms of the compartments of the tray have apertures therethrough. Thus, when the wells are provided with optical quality flat bases as is preferred optical and colour readings may be taken of the samples of these wells through the bottom of the tray so that the samples do not have to be removed from the wells for analysis by optical or colorimetry techniques. Moreover, the apertures in the compartment bottoms enable the wells to be readily removed individually, or together where some of the wells are integrally connected, from the tray, merely by pushing them out through the apertures.

Alternatively, the wells may be removed from the top of the tray by means of tweezers, for example when the tray has no apertures, and to assist in such removal the tops of the walls conveniently project beyond the upper surface of the tray.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compartments are defined by rows and columns of posts upstanding from the tray. Such a construction lends itself readily to moulding. Conveniently, the outermost posts are half posts which are integral with the side walls of the tray recess and the inner posts are preferably of lesser height than the outermost posts.

The wells may be sealed by an adhesive cover strip or individual plugs. Preferably, the adhesive cover strip has perforations around the wells so that the wells remain sealed when the cover strip is removed and can be individually opened as required. A similar advantage can be achieved if the plugs are carried by a cover strip having perforations around the plugs. The cover strip is conveniently made from sterilizable polyester adhesive sealing tape.

Instead of or in addition to the sealing strip or plugs the microtitration plate may comprise a lid which fits into a rebate on the tray and clears the tops of the wells.

The wells are conveniently made of a material having an affinity for molecules of the body fluid sample or material with which the sample may be mixed for testing and analysis. For example the walls may be made of rigid PVC or polystyrene which have the advantage of having an ability to attract protein molecules but any other suitable plastics material which has an affinity for sample or test molecules may be used.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of one form of tray forming one part of a microtitation plate constructed in accordance with the invention,

FIGS. 2 and 3 are side and underneath plan views respectively of the tray of FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 is a cross-section on the line A--A of FIG. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows,

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the tray of FIG. 1 showing the manner in which one of a multiplicity of individual wells forming the other part of the plate is fitted in the tray,

FIG. 6 is a cross-section showing the tray with a lid thereon,

FIGS. 7 and 8 are plan and side views respectively of the microtitration plate showing the wells fitted in the tray,

FIG. 9 is a cross-section on the line B--B of FIG. 7,

FIG. 10 is a cross-section on the line C--C of FIG. 7, showing one shape of well base,

FIG. 11 is a side view of the plate of FIG. 7 with the lid thereon,

FIGS. 12 and 13 are views similar to that of FIG. 10 but showing two further shapes of well base,

FIG. 14 is a side view of the plate of FIG. 7 showing the tray with a cover strip instead of a lid,

FIG. 14a is a scrap top plan view of FIG. 14.

FIG. 15 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of tray, and

FIG. 16 is a plan view of another embodiment of microtitration plate.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6, there is shown a tray 1, made of polystyrene foam, having a tray recess 2, upper surface 3 and an undersurface 8. The tray recess 2 has compartments 4 arranged in twelve rows with eight compartments in each row and defined by rows and columns of posts upstanding from the base of the recess. In the compartments 4 can be fitted a multiplicity of individual rigid micro-test tubes or wells, of which one well 5 is shown in FIG. 5, for receiving a sample of a patient's body fluid to be tested, the sample usually being mixed with test material in the wells. The outermost posts 6a are half posts which are integral with the side walls of the recess 2 and extend to the height of the recess to be flush with the upper surface 3 of the tray whereas the inner posts 6b are of lesser height than the outer posts 6a.

The bottom of each compartment 4 has an aperture 7 extending therethrough to enable optical or colour readings to be taken of the sample in the well 5 without removing the sample from the well and to permit the wells to be removed by pushing them out through the apertures. The upper surface 3 of the tray has a rebate 9 into which fits a lid 10 (FIG. 6) which covers the compartments 4 and surface 3. The tray 1 also has a rebate 11 in its undersurface 8 so that the under surface 8 can fit into a depression 12 in the upper surface of the lid 10 with the rebate 11 engaging a lip 13 of the lid of a similar tray for stacking one tray upon the other.

As will be apparent from FIGS. 7 to 9, the wells 5 fit into the compartments 4 with their cylindrical outer surfaces each engaging four posts of a respective compartment. The wells which are of rigid transparent PVC or polystyrene have a frusto-conical top inner edge portion as indicated at 18 in FIG. 5 and project beyond the upper surface 3 of the plate 1 to facilitate removal of the individual wells with tweezers from the top of the tray. As shown in FIG. 10 each well 5 has a flat optical quality base 14.

Instead of or in addition to the lid 10 which as shown in FIG. 11 clears the tops of the wells, an adhesive sealing cover strip 15 may be applied to the tops of the wells 5 to seal them as shown in FIG. 14, conveniently with perforations 18 (FIG. 14a) around the individual wells. Preferably as shown in FIG. 14, one or more rows of wells may be sealed by a corresponding number of adhesive cover strips or by plugs 19 carried by the cover strip 15 or cover strips to seal a strip of several strips of cells.

The shape of the bases of the wells may be conical as indicated at 16 in FIG. 12 or hemispherical as indicated at 17 in FIG. 13 instead of flat or any combination of wells with such bases may be fitted in the tray compartments.

In the modification shown in FIG. 15, the apertures 7 are omitted from the bottoms of the compartments 4 of the tray 1.

The embodiment of FIG. 16 differs from the previous embodiments in that all the wells 5 are moulded integrally with one another by means of stems 5a which may be mould flashings. Thus, all the individual wells can be fitted together into the compartments of the tray recess 2 so that assembly of the tray and wells can be simply and rapidly achieved. The stems 5a may easily be broken to enable one or more wells to be separated from each other when required. Alternatively one or more rows of wells 5 may be integrally connected by means of the separable stems 5a to form a strip of wells.

Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the tray may be moulded from flexible silicone rubber instead of foam plastics, to facilitate removal of the wells. The wells may be made of glass instead of a plastics material. Moreover, the wells may be of different heights and the tops of the wells may be flush with the upper surface 3 of the tray in which case the lower posts 6b will facilitate the removal of the wells by means of tweezers from the top of the tray.

## Claims

1. In a microtitration plate .[.having.]. .Iadd.comprising .Iaddend.a multiplicity of .Iadd.discrete .Iaddend.wells for containing microliter quantities of fluid samples for analysis .[.and.]..Iadd., each of said wells having open upper ends, sidewalls and a bottom, and a tray wherein said wells are .Iaddend.arranged .[.on the plate.]. in straight rows at right angles relative to one another, the improvement comprising means for enabling the .Iadd.discrete .Iaddend.wells .Iadd.forming said microtitration plate .Iaddend.to be individually removable from the plate, said means comprising .[.a tray formed as one piece plastics moulding, a.]. .Iadd.at least some of said .Iaddend.multiplicity of discrete wells, .[.at least some of which are moulded integrally.]. .Iadd.being integrally molded .Iaddend.with one another and .[.are.]. interconnected by .Iadd.frangible .Iaddend.stem means whereby said at least some of said wells are readily separable from one another, and .Iadd.post .Iaddend.means on said tray defining a multiplicity of compartments arranged in straight rows at right angles relative to one another, said discrete wells being disposed in upright positions in said compartments, and said means defining said compartments including means engaging the side walls of said wells whereby to retain said wells in said upright .[.positions.]. .Iadd.position, said tray being formed as a one-piece plastics molding and having a bottom and a rim projecting upwardly from and extending around said bottom to delimit .[.and.]. .Iadd.an upwardly opening recess which receives said wells, said compartments being disposed in said recess.Iaddend..

2. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said stem means interconnect said at least some of said wells in at least one straight row to form at least one strip of wells.

3. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, .[.wherein said tray has a bottom and means defining.]. .Iadd.there being .Iaddend.apertures extending through said bottom substantially centrally of said compartments whereby to enable optical readings to be taken of fluid samples in said wells. .[.4. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means engaging said side walls of said wells comprises rows and columns of posts upstanding from said tray..]. 5. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, .[.wherein.]. said .[.tray has a peripheral wall.]. .Iadd.rim .Iaddend.having an upper surface and said wells .[.have.]. .Iadd.having .Iaddend.tops which project beyond said upper surface of said .[.peripheral wall.]. .Iadd.rim .Iaddend.to facilitate individual removal of said wells from said tray. 6. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some of said wells are sealed by an adhesive cover strip to seal at least a strip of wells. 7. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 6, wherein said cover strip defines perforations therein which extend around the individual wells. 8. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some of said wells are sealed by plugs. 9. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 8, wherein said plugs are carried by a cover strip to seal at least a strip of wells, the cover strip defining perforations around the plugs. .[.10. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tray has means defining a rebate therein and said plate further comprises a lid which fits into the rebate and clears the tops of said wells..]. .[.11. A microtitration plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: extending around the periphery of the bottom and defining a rectangular recess within the said wall; multiplicity of compartments; multiplicity of discrete posts projecting upwardly from the tray bottom and disposed at equally spaced positions in rows extending at right angles relative to one another; than the height of said peripheral wall; of said rows; corners of a square zone; centrally of said compartments; and wells is supported in each compartment with the bottom of the wells seated on the tray bottom..]. .Iadd.12.  A microtitration well and holder assembly comprising a plurality of separate plastic strips, each of said strips being formed with a plurality of parallel integrally interconnected wells lying in a straight row and each of said wells having open upper ends for receiving microliter quantities of fluid samples for analysis, side walls and a bottom and a rectangular, one-piece molded holder formed separately of said strips for removably holding said strips in positions where the wells are upright for performing titrations and other tests, said holder being formed with a four-sided wall formation which borders and peripherally surrounds a rectangular well-receiving space, said wall formation being formed with a pair of first opposed spaced apart wall portions and a pair of second opposed spaced apart wall portions extending between said first wall portions, and each of said strips being selectively and removably seatable on said holder at positions where the wells of each strip are received upright in said space and where the row of wells of each of said strips extends transversely of and lies between one of said pairs of said wall portions, and formation means formed on at least one of said pairs of said wall portions for locating said strips in parallel relation to each other, said formation means being engageable with the end most wells in said strips for confining said strips against lateral movement relative to each other when said strips are seated on and supported by said holder at positions where said wells lie in said space, post means carried by said holder for engaging individual wells seated in said space and said holder being open at least in the regions opposite the bottoms of the wells in each of the strips seated on said holder. .Iaddend. .Iadd.13. The microtitration well and holder assembly defined in claim 12, there being at least eight wells in each of said strips. .Iaddend. .Iadd.14. The microtitration well and holder assembly defined in claim 12, wherein each of said strips has only a single row of said wells. .Iaddend. .Iadd.15. The microtitration well and holder defined in claim 12, wherein said holder has a bottom wall, wherein said four-sided wall formation borders and projects upwardly from said bottom wall, said bottom wall and said four-sided formation delimiting said rectangular well-receiving space, and wherein said wells are seated on portions of said bottom wall to vertically support said strips on said holder. .Iaddend. .Iadd.16. The microtitration well and holder defined in claim 15, wherein said post means and bottom wall of said holder are integrally formed and said post means includes a plurality of upstanding, parallel spaced apart posts which define upwardly opening cavities for receiving said wells, and the bottoms of said wells in each of said strips being free of interconnection for enabling the wells to be inserted into said cavities. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17. The microtitration well and holder assembly defined in claim 16 wherein said strips have only a single row of said wells. .Iaddend. .Iadd.18. The microtitration well and holder defined in claim 12, wherein the bottom of the wells in each of said strips are free of interconnection, and wherein each of said strips has only a single row of said wells. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19. In a microtitration plate comprising a multiplicity of discrete wells for containing microliter quantities of fluid samples for analysis each of said wells having side walls and a bottom and a tray wherein said wells are arranged in straight rows at right angles relative to one another, the improvement comprising means for enabling the discrete wells forming said microtitration plate to be individually removable from said plate, said means comprising at least some of said multiplicity of discrete wells being integrally molded with one another and interconnected by frangible stem means whereby said at least some of said wells are readily separable from one another, and means on said tray defining a multiplicity of compartments arranged in straight rows at right angles relative to one another, said discrete wells being disposed in upright positions in said compartments, and said means defining said compartments including means engaging the side walls of said wells whereby to retain said wells in said upright positions, said tray comprising a one-piece plastics molding and having a bottom and means defining a rectangular wall extending around the bottom and defining a rectangular recess within said wall, said compartments defining means engaging said side walls of said wells including a multiplicity of discrete posts projecting upwardly from the tray bottom and disposed in equally spaced positions in rows extending at right angles relative to one another, said posts being molded integrally with said tray wall at each end of said rows, each compartment being defined by four adjacent posts disposed at the corners of a square zone, means defining apertures extending through the tray bottom substantially centrally of said compartments, and said discrete wells being molded from plastics material and one of said wells being supported in each compartment, with the bottoms of said wells being seated on the tray bottom. .Iaddend. .Iadd.20. The microtitration plate of claim 19 wherein said tray defines at least eight compartments in a row. .Iaddend. .Iadd.21. The microtitration plate of claim 19 wherein said frangible stem means connects the upper portion of said multiplicity of integrally molded discrete wells with the bottom portions thereof being free of interconnection. .Iaddend. .Iadd.22. A microtitration well and holder assembly comprising a plurality of separate plastic strips, each of said strips being formed with a plurality of parallel integrally interconnected discrete wells lying in a single straight row, each well having an open upper end for receiving microliter quantities of fluid samples for analysis sidewalls and a bottom, and a rectangular, one piece molded holder formed separately of said strips for removably holding said strips in positions where the discrete wells are upright for performing titrations and other tests, said holder being formed of a bottom wall and a four-sided wall formation bordering and extending upwardly from said bottom wall, said four sided wall formation cooperating with said bottom wall to define an upwardly opening rectangular well receiving recess, said wall formation being formed with a pair of first opposed spaced apart wall portions and a pair of second opposed spaced apart wall portions extending between said first wall portions, and each of said strips being selectively and removably seated on said holder at positions where the wells of each strip are received upright in said recess, where the bottoms of said wells seat on portions of said bottom wall to vertically support said strips on said holder, and where the row of wells of each of said strips extends transversely of and lies between one of said pairs of wall portions, and formation means formed on at least one of said pairs of said wall portions for locating said strips in parallel relation to each other, said formation means being engageable with said strips for confining said strips against lateral movement relative to each other when said strips are seated on and supported by said holder at positions where said wells lie in said recess, discrete upright support means mounted on said bottom wall and forming well receiving compartments for receiving and vertically supporting individual wells in said strips, and said bottom wall being open at least in the regions opposite the bottoms of the wells in each of the strips seated on said holder. .Iaddend. .Iadd.23. The microtitration well and holder assembly defined in claim 22 wherein at least eight of said wells are in each of said strips. .Iaddend. .Iadd.24.  The microtitration well and holder assembly defined in claim 22 wherein said bottom wall of said holder is integrally formed with a plurality of upstanding parallel spaced apart posts which define upwardly opening compartments for receiving said wells, and the bottom of said wells in each of said strips being free of interconnection for enabling the wells to be inserted into said compartments. .Iaddend. .Iadd.25. The microtitration well and holder assembly defined in claim 22 wherein the bottoms of the wells in each of the strips are free of interconnection. .Iaddend. .Iadd.26. A microtitration well and tray assembly comprising: interconnected, discrete, individually removable microtitration wells each well having side walls and a bottom, each strip arranged in a single straight row, said wells being interconnected at adjacent upper portions by frangible stem means and the bottom of said wells being free of interconnection with one another; and strips of wells, means on said tray defining a multiplicity of compartments arranged in straight rows for receiving said wells in upright positions, said means defining said compartments including post means engaging the lower portions of the side walls of said wells to retain said wells in said upright positions, said tray having a bottom and a rim projecting upwardly from and extending around said bottom to define an upwardly opening recess, said compartments defining post means being integral with said bottom and projecting upwardly in said recess, said compartments defining means further including locating means integral with said rim for engaging side wall portions of wells disposed adjacent thereto. .Iaddend. .Iadd.27. The assembly of claim 26 wherein said post means comprises mutually spaced upstanding posts defining with said locating means straight rows of compartments extending along the bottom of said tray, each compartment removably receiving a discrete well. .Iaddend. .Iadd.28. The assembly of claim 27 wherein the upwardly opening recess is rectangular and said rim includes first and second pairs of opposed, parallel of side walls, said locating means being disposed on a first pair of said side walls. .Iaddend. .Iadd.29. A microtitration well and tray assembly comprising: interconnected, discrete, individually removable microtitration wells, each well having side walls and a bottom, each strip arranged in a single straight row, said wells interconnected at adjacent upper portions by frangible stem means; and the bottoms of said wells being free of interconnection with each other; strips of wells, means on said tray defining a multiplicity of compartments arranged in straight rows for receiving said wells in upright positions, said means defining said compartments including post means engaging the lower portions of the side walls of said wells to retain said wells in said upright positions, said tray having a bottom and a rim projecting upwardly from and extending around said bottom to define an upwardly opening recess, said compartments defining post means being integral with said bottom and projecting upwardly in said recess, said compartments defining means further including locating means integral with said rim for engaging side wall portions of each well located at the end of each strip whereby said compartments defining means will array each strip in a single straight row in the recess of said tray. .Iaddend. .Iadd.30. The assembly of claim 29 wherein said post means comprises mutually spaced upstanding posts defining with said locating means straight rows of compartments extending along the bottom of said tray, each compartment removably receiving a discrete well. .Iaddend. .Iadd.31. The assembly of claim 30 wherein the upwardly opening recess is rectangular and said rim includes first and second pairs of opposed, parallel side walls, said locating means being disposed on a first pair of said side walls. .Iaddend.