# Fr **actur ed Bedrock Aquif**  **er Char act**  **eriz ation Using**  **Bor ehole Geoph**  **ysical Data and**  **FL UT**  **e Multilevel**  **We ll S**  **ystems** USGS / EP A R egion 2 Fr actur ed R ock Wo rkshop EP A R egion 2, New Y

ork City January 1 4, 2014 

# John N. Dougherty PG, **Joseph Mayo, Jose R**  **eyes, and Lisa Campbell**  **PG, CDM Smith**  **Katherine Mishkin and**  **Adalberto Bosque, PhD ,**  **USEP A** 

# Pr esen tat ion Ov erview

• Case Study

– Wa te r FL UT

e installation

– San German Sit e in Puert o Ric o 

# • Selection • Design • Cons truction

# Selection Consider ations: Wa te r FL UT e S yste m
• Sustainability

– O ne bor ehole, multiple ports 

# • Eq uipmen t downhole

– T ubing and simple va lues 

# • Surf ace support equipmen t

– CDM Smith can perf orm 

# • Wa te r level monit oring

– Measur ements via tubing sufficient 

# • Gr oundwater sampling

– “Low F low ” type method 

# • Driller support

– Fa miliar with FL UT

e 

# • La yo ut area

– Similar to well construction 

# • Construction pr ocedure

– Fa miliar 

# • Installation issues

– Complete seal of bor ehole w all 

# • Surf ace c ompletion

– Stick up or flush 

# • Development

– Gas driv e pumping sufficient 

# • Po st installation pr oblems

– Minimal based on e xperience 

# • Oper ations and main te nance

– CDM Smith can perf orm 

# • Dec ommissioning

– FL UT e can be r emoved 

# • Loc ation

– Shipping and mobiliz at ion

# Design: Dat a Collection and Analysis
• Conceptual Model Developmen t

– Geologic map, topogr aph y, a nd surf ace w ater dr ainage

– Used to help select drilling locations 

# • Drill boreholes and inst all blank FL UT e liner t o pr event vertical fluid movement • Bor ehole Geoph ys ic al Logging and Analy sis

– Suit e 1: Caliper

, na tur al g amma, A

TV , O TV , fluid temper at ur e and conductivity .

– Integr ate and analyz e data in W ellCAD

– Suit e 2: Heat pulse flow meter to identify tr ansmissiv e zo nes 

# • Low flow gr oundwater sampling in the borehole at t ar get depths f or VOC data • FL UT e Dr op T est Tr ansmissivity Pr ofile • Install blank FL UT

e liner • In te gr ate and analyz e data in W ellCAD • Add st ereonet data reg ar ding pot en tial flow paths t o c onceptual model • Complet e multilevel well design and c on vey instructions t o v endor

# Conceptual Model Dev elopmen t

• Site is located in a f ault bounded alluvial va lley underlain by fr actur ed serpentinite • Vo lcanic r ocks fo r uplands to the NE and SW • Bedding strik e NW/SE and dips to the NE. • Expect gr oundwater dischar ge fr om the uplands to the v alley • Expect flow to the northwest, down the v alley axis.

# Gr oundw ate r Flow t o the North we st

# Bor ehole Geoph ysical Log ging of Bedr ock Borings
• Re move blank FL UT

e liner • Suite 1:

– Caliper , natur al g amma, A

TV , O TV , fluid temper at ure and conductivity 

# • In te gr ate and analy ze dat a in We llCAD

– Select Heat Pulse Flow Meter Log ging T ar gets 

# • Suite 2:

– HPFM Log ging 

# • Ve rtical pr ofile gr oundw ater sampling fo r V OCs

– Low flow/wir eline/pack er test 

# • FL UT e T ra nsmissivity Pr ofile (Dr op Te st ) • Re ins ta ll blank FL UT

e linerSuite1GeophysicalLogsSuite2:HPFMLogsSelectLowFlowSamplingLocationsWire-lineSampleResults

# Blank FL UT

e Liner Used f or T ra nsmissivity Pr ofile

12

## Fully lined hol e Liner peeled from hole Nearly removed

Te th er

Liner Excess head in liner Reel

Inverted liner

Installation sequence Rem ova l sequence 

# Pr ocedur e: • The speed of the re el is measur ed as the liner dr ops into the borehole. • As the liner cover s tr ansmissiv e fe at ur es in the bor ehole the r eel slows down. • These da ta are analyz ed to pr oduce a bor ehole tr ansmissivity pr ofile. 

# Blank FL UT

e T ra nsmissivity Pr ofile

# FL UT

e T ra nsmissivity Pr ofile R esultsTransmissivityDataMultilevelWellDesign

# FL UT

e Design and Ra tionale

Location FLUTE Port

Top Depth (feet TIC) FLUTe Port

Bottom D epth (ft TIC) Stickup FLUTE Port Top Depth (feet BGS) FLUTe Port

Bottom Depth ( ft BGS) Rationale VOC Detections in Low Flow Sam ples (Y/N) Spacer

Length
MW - A1 96 101 2.28 93.72 98.72 This is the shallowest transmissive zone in the borehole which is close to a potential source. The highest concentrations of TCE and cDCE were detected in the low flow sample from this interval. Y 5
MW - A2 105 111 2.28 102.72 108.72 This is the highest transmissivity z one measured in the FLUTe drop test and a possible water entry z one under pumped conditions during HPFM logging. TCE and cDCE were detected in the low flow sample. Y 6
MW - A3 116 121 2.28 113.72 118.72 This interval had the second highest transmissivity

me asured in the FLUTe drop test and is a definite water entry z one based on the HPFM log under pumped conditions. TCE and cDCE were detected in the low flow sample. Y 5

MW - A4 139.5 144.5 2.28 137.22 142.22 This is a minor transmissive zone as measured in the FLUTe drop test and does not appear to be a water entry

z one based on HPFM logging. However, cDCE and TCE were detected in the low flow sample therefore a port is proposed here to m onitor the vertical extent of contamination near the source area. Y 5

MW - A5 186 192 2.28 183.72 189.72 Based on the FLUTe drop test this appears to be a low transmissivity

z one. TCE and cDCE were detected in the low flow sample collected adjacent to a cluster of fractures and a fluid conductivity

c hange at this depth. A FLUTe port is proposed to monitor the vertical extent of contamination. Y 6

# In te gr ate Dat a in We llCAD St er eonets of F ea tur es Identified in Geoph ysical Logs

# Cr oss Section: V OC Dat a, O TV , and FL UT

e T Pr ofile

# Ex ample Cos ts
• Drilling and FL UT

e Ins ta llation Support • Geoph ysical Log ging • Wa te r FL UT

e Ma te rials Ins ta llation and T es ting **Pr ic**  **es f**  **or Wa**  **ter FLUTe**  **s imp**  **le v al**  **ve d t**  **ubi ng**  **sa mp**  **lin g s**  **ys te**  **ms** a s o f

Feb. 2 012 PVD F tu bi ng syste ms w ith N on ars eni c lin ers no. o f port s dept h (ft .) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 30 $461 $2, 512 $4, 073 $5, 634 $7, 194 $8, 755 $10, 316 $11, 877 $13, 437 $14, 998 $16, 559 $24, 362 $32, 165 50 $768 $3, 260 $4, 935 $6, 609 $8, 283 $9, 958 $11, 632 $13, 306 $14, 981 $16, 655 $18, 329 $26, 701 $35, 073 70 $1, 075 $4, 009 $5, 797 $7, 584 $9, 372 $11, 160 $12, 948 $14, 736 $16, 524 $18, 312 $20, 100 $29, 040 $37, 980 80 $1, 228 $4, 383 $6, 227 $8, 072 $9, 917 $11, 762 $13, 606 $15, 451 $17, 296 $19, 141 $20, 986 $30, 210 $39, 433 90 $1, 382 $4, 757 $6, 658 $8, 560 $10, 461 $12, 363 $14, 265 $16, 166 $18, 068 $19, 969 $21, 871 $31, 379 $40, 887 100 $1, 535 $5, 131 $7, 089 $9, 048 $11, 006 $12, 964 $14, 923 $16, 881 $18, 840 $20, 798 $22, 756 $32, 549 $42, 341 120 $1, 842 $5, 879 $7, 951 $10, 023 $12, 095 $14, 167 $16, 239 $18, 311 $20, 383 $22, 455 $24, 527 $34, 888 $45, 248 160 $2, 456 $7, 375 $9, 674 $11, 974 $14, 273 $16, 572 $18, 872 $21, 171 $23, 470 $25, 770 $28, 069 $39, 566 $51, 062 200 $3, 070 $8, 871 $11, 398 $13, 924 $16, 451 $18, 978 $21, 504 $24, 031 $26, 557 $29, 084 $31, 611 $44, 244 $56, 877 300 $4, 605 $12, 612 $15, 706 $18, 801 $21, 896 $24, 991 $28, 085 $31, 180 $34, 275 $37, 370 $40, 465 $55, 939 $71, 412 400 $6, 140 $16, 352 $20, 015 $23, 678 $27, 341 $31, 004 $34, 667 $38, 330 $41, 993 $45, 656 $49, 319 $67, 634 $85, 948 500 $7, 675 $20, 092 $24, 324 $28, 555 $32, 786 $37, 017 $41, 248 $45, 479 $49, 710 $53, 942 $58, 173 $79, 329 $100, 484 600 $9, 210 $23, 833 $28, 632 $33, 432 $38, 231 $43, 030 $47, 830 $52, 629 $57, 428 $62, 228 $67, 027 $91, 024 $115, 020 800 $12, 280 $31, 314 $37, 249 $43, 185 $49, 121 $55, 057 $60, 992 $66, 928 $72, 864 $78, 799 $84, 735 $114, 414 $144, 092

# Ta ke awa ys

• Success ful Multilev el W ell Design is based on:

– Clear de finition of pr oject objectives

– Development of a h ydro ge ologic c onceptual model

– Collection of necessary and sufficien t da ta to complete the design of the select ed syste m

– Clear c ommunic ations with the vendor 

# • Data collected f or multilev el well design:

– Char act eriz es the fr actured bedr ock aquif er

– Conceptual model developmen t

# Ques tions?