Sediment Sources and Transport in

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U,S, GEOLOGICAL SURVBY FROFESSIONAI, FAPER 1S47

United $ fates Nn^@ 

in charge of cvnytrifciion^, 

Trident Naval SiSmcmne Bme,
Sediment Sources and Transport in 

Kings Bay and Vicinity,Georgia and 

Florida, July 8-16,1982

By DEAN B.RADTKE

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1347

Prepared in cooperation with the 

United States Navy Officer 

in charge of construction, 

Trident Naval Submarine Base, 

Kings Bay, Georgia

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1985
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Radtke, DeanB.

Sediment sources and transport in Kings Bay and vicinity, Georgia and Florida, July 8-16,1982.

(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1347) 

Bibliography: p. 30 

Supt.ofDocs.no.: 119.16:1347

1. Estuarine sediments Georgia-Kings Bay Region. 2. Estuarine sediments-Florida-Nassau County. 3. Sediment transport-- 

Georgia Kings Bay Region. 4. Sediment transport-Florida-Nassau County. 

I. Title. II. Series. 

GC97.8.K56R331985 551.46148 84-600342

For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey 

604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304
CONTENTS

Abstract _ __________________________ 1

Introduction _________________________ 1

Previous studies _____________________ 2

Acknowledgments ____________________ 2

Description of the study area _________________ 2

Physiography and topography ______________ 2

Ecology _________________________ 4

Climate _________________________ 4

Streamflow _______________________ 4

Tides __________________________ 5

Data collection ________________________ 5

Tide stage, windspeed, and wind direction _________ 5

Current velocity _____________________ 5

Bathymetry _______________________ 6

Water quality ______________________ 6

Bottom material _____________________ 7

Methods of computation ___________________ 7

Mean current velocity in the vertical ____________ 7

Water discharge _____________________ 8

Mean current velocity in the cross sections _________ 8

Methods of computation Continued

Salt discharge _______________

Suspended-sediment discharge _______

Study results _________________

Tide and wind conditions __________

Temperature and salinity __________

Current velocity and flow __________

Suspended-sediment characteristics 

Phytoplankton _______________

Suspended total organic carbon _______

Turbidity _________________

Bottom-material characteristics _______

Particle size _____________

Carbon ________________

Diatom remains ____________

Transport and sources of suspended sediment 

Discussion ___________________

Conclusions __________________

References cited ________________

13

13

15

18

18

23

23

23

23

23

28

29

30

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE 1. Map showing location of study area and data-collection sites __________________________________ 3

2. Graph showing duration curve of daily flow, St. Marys River near Mcclenny, Fla., 1927-80 water years ______________ 5

3, 4. Tidal hydrographs of 

3. Upper Kings Bay and lower Kings Bay gaging stations and approximate data-collection times at the measurement cross

sections,July9-15, 1982 ____________________________________________ 5

4. Cumberland Sound and St. Marys Entrance gaging stations and approximate data-collection times at the measurement cross

sections,July 12-16, 1982 ___________________________________________ 6

5-27. Graphs showing:

5. Channel geometry and location of measurement verticals at upper Kings Bay and lower Kings Bay cross sections ______ 6

6. Channel geometry and location of measurement verticals at Cumberland Sound and St. Marys Entrance cross sections _ _ _ 7

7. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 2, upper Kings Bay cross section, July 10, 1982 _________ 9

8. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertial 2, lower Kings Bay cross section, July 14, 1982 _________ 10

9. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 2, at Cumberland Sound cross section, July 15, 1982 ______ 11

10. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 4, at St. Marys Entrance cross section, July 13, 1982 ______ 12

11. Spatial distribution of salinity at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8,1982 ______________ 14

12. Tide height and mean velocity at upper Kings Bay and lower Kings Bay cross sections __________________ 15

13. Tide height and mean velocity at Cumberland Sound and St. Marys Entrance cross sections ________________ 15

14. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at the measurement verticals at the upper Kings Bay

cross section, July 10, 1982 ___________________________________________ 16

15. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at the measurement verticals at the lower Kings Bay

cross section, July 14, 1982 ___________________________________________ 16

16. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at measurement verticals at the Cumberland Sound cross

section, July 15, 1982 _____________________________________________ 17

17. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at measurement verticals at the St. Marys Entrance cross

section, July 13, 1982 _____________________________________________ 17

18. Relation between water and suspended-sediment discharges, St. Marys River near Macclenny, Fla., 1974-80 water years _ _ 18

19. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982 ___________ 19

20. Spatial distribution of total diatom standing stock and percentages of the major diatom life forms in plankton during flood

slack tide, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982 __________________________________ 20

in
IV CONTENTS

21-27. Graphs showing:

21. Spatial distribution of total diatom standing stock and percentages of the major diatom life forms in plankton during ebb

slack tide, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8,1982 __________________________________ 21

22. Spatial distribution of organic carbon at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8,1982 __________ 22

23. Relation of suspended silt plus clay concentration to turbidity based on samples collected at measurement cross sections,

Kings Bay and vicinity, July 10-15, 1982 ____________________________________ 23

24. Spatial distribution of turbidity at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982 _____________ 24

25. Spatial distribution of the major particle-size classes of bottom material, in percent, at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 _ _ 25

26. Spatial distribution of total carbon concentrations and the percentages of inorganic and organic carbon in bottom material,

Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 ________________________________________ 26

27. Spatial distribution of diatom remains and percentages of the major diatom life forms in bottom material from Kings Bay and

vicinity,July 1982 _______________________________________________ 27

TABLES

[Tables are at end of report]

Page

TABLE 1. Field measurement techniques used at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 ____________________________ 33

2. Sampling and laboratory methods for samples collected at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 ___________________ 34

3. Tide conditions measured at four tide-stage recorder sites at Kings Bay, Cumberland Island, and St. Marys Entrance for July 8-16,

1982 _________________________________________________________ 36

Windspeed and direction at Kings Bay, July 9-16,1982 ____________________________________ 38

Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at:

5. Upper Kings Bay cross section, July 10, 1982 _____________________________________ 39

6. Lower Kings Bay cross section, July 14, 1982 _____________________________________ 41

7. Cumberland Sound cross section, July 15, 1982 ____________________________________ 43

8. St. Marys Entrance cross section, July 13, 1982 ____________________________________ 45

9. Physical, chemical, and biological data collected at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8,

1982 _________________________________________________________ 47

10. Summary of suspended-sediment data collected in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 10-15, 1982 ___________________ 49

11. Flow and suspended-sediment transport characteristics for selected streams ___________________________ 50

12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8,1982 _______ 51

13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 _ _ _ 63

14. Particle-size distribution of bottom material at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 _________________ 93

15. Carbon concentrations in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 _________________ 94

16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 ____________________ 95

17. Water, salt, and suspended-sediment discharges for consecutive ebbtides and floodtides at the measurement cross sections at Kings

Bay and vicinity, July 1982 _______________________________________________ 120

CONVERSION FACTORS

For those readers who may prefer to use inch-pound units rather than SI (metric) units, the conversion factors for the terms used in this report are listed 

below:

Multiply metric unit By To obtain inch-pound unit

cubic meter (m3) 35.31 cubic foot (ft3)

cubic centimeter (cm3) 6.102 cubic inch (in )

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce (oz)

hectare (ha) 2.471 acres

kilogram (kg) 2.205 pound (Ib)

kilometer (km) 0.6214 statute mile (mi)

liter (L) 0.03531 cubic foot (ft3)

meter (m) 3.281 feet (ft)

metric ton (t) 1.103 ton, short

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.) 

are kilometer (km ) 

= 9/5°C 4- 32or°C = 5/9(°F-32)

n O

square kilometer (km ) 0.3861 square mile (mi )

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929): A geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the 

United States and Canada, formerly called "Mean Sea Level."
SEDIMENT SOURCES AND TRANSPORT

IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, 

GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, JULY 8-16, 1982

By DEAN B. RADTKE

ABSTRACT .

Water-quality, bottom-material, suspended-sediment, and current-velocity 

data were collected in Kings Bay and vicinity to provide information on the 

sources and transport of estuarine sediments. Kings Bay and Cumberland 

Sound, the site of the Naval Submarine Base in southeast Georgia, are 

experiencing high rates of sediment deposition and accumulation, and this is 

causing serious navigational and operational problems. Data were collected 

between July 8 and 16, 1982, at cross sections in upper and lower Kings 

Bay, Cumberland Sound, and St. Marys Entrance. Additional water-quality 

data were collected at 22 sites during one consecutive ebb and flood slack 

tide on July 8, 1982, to assess possible suspended-sediment sources and to 

define salinity variation throughout the study area.

No appreciable vertical or lateral variation in salinity and temperature 

was detected at the measurement cross sections or at the 22 ebb and flood 

slack-tide measurement sites. Except for the upper St. Marys River sites, 

the waterways measured in Kings Bay and vicinity generally were vertically 

and laterally homogeneous.

Sediments in bottom-material samples collected at the cross sections 

ranged from coarse-gravel-sized shell fragments to fine silt and clay-sized 

inorganic particles. Silt- and clay-sized particles and organic detrital material, however, were dominant only in bottom materials at the lower Kings Bay 

cross section.

Approximately 25 percent of the silt- and clay-sized particles in the 

bottom material from lower Kings Bay consisted of planktonic and benthic 

diatom remains. Most diatom remains probably originated outside Kings 

Bay proper. At the other three cross sections, diatom remains accounted for 

15 percent or less of the silt- and clay-sized particles in the bottom 

sediments.

Velocity, bathymetry, turbidity, and bottom-material data suggest that 

the area in the vicinity of lower Kings Bay is accumulating deposits of 

sediment transported in suspension from Cumberland Sound on the floodtide, and from upper Kings Bay and the tidal marsh drained by Marianna 

Creek on the ebbtide. Suspended-sediment discharges computed for a 13- 

hour period showed that a net quantity of 87.7 X 103 kilograms of suspended sediment was transported seaward from upper Kings Bay and Marianna 

Creek. Similar computations for different tidal cycles showed that a net 

landward transport of suspended materials occurred at the lower Kings Bay 

(92 X 103 kilograms), St. Marys Entrance (775 X 103 kilograms), and Cumberland Sound (563 X 103 kilograms) cross sections. This is, in part, a result 

of the larger floodtide water volume than ebbtide water volume at these 

three cross sections rather than higher floodtide suspended-sediment concentrations at these cross sections. However, results do indicate that areas 

seaward of St. Marys Entrance may be supplying sediment to the shoaling 

areas of the estuary, including lower Kings Bay. The St. Marys River, the 

single major source of freshwater inflow to the estuary, does not supply 

significant quantities of suspended sediment to the estuary.

INTRODUCTION

High rates of sediment deposition and accumulation are 

causing serious navigational and operational problems in 

Kings Bay and Cumberland Sound, southeast Georgia. Kings 

Bay, formerly the site of the Kings Bay Army Terminal, is 

now the site of the Naval Submarine Base. The existing base 

is being enlarged to accommodate the larger Trident 

submarine.

Of particular concern to the U.S. Navy is the impact of 

sediment shoaling on naval operations in the area. Continued 

dredging is required to maintain navigational depths in the 

Kings Bay wharf area and in the access channel to the open 

sea. Sediment deposition rates have been estimated at 

3.8 X 105 mVyr (5 X 105 ydVyr) in Kings Bay (Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., 1977, p. C-210) and 

0.83 X 105m3/yr (1.08 X 105 ydVyr) in the Cumberland 

Sound access channel (Jenkins and Skelly, 1981, p. 2). To 

accommodate the Trident submarine, Kings Bay and the 

access channel will be made deeper and wider. The impact of 

shoaling on the Trident submarine support base is uncertain. 

One prediction is that channel alterations will cause current 

shoaling rates to increase slightly in the access channel and 

about sixfold in the quiet-water facilities around Kings Bay 

(Jenkins and Skelly, 1981, p. 2). Even at current shoaling 

rates, expenditures of millions of dollars will be required to 

maintain navigational depths.

Alternative systems for the control of sediment are being 

pursued by the Navy. However, important information 

needed to design and to evaluate the systems is lacking. 

Needed is information on shoaling rates for specific reaches, 

major sediment sources, and rates and characteristics of 

sediment transport.

In July 1982, the U.S. Geological survey investigated the 

nature and magnitude of sediment transport in Kings Bay 

and vicinity for the U.S. Navy, OICC (Officer in Charge of 

Construction), Trident. The purpose of the investigation was 

to collect and evaluate basic hydrologic data relevant to the
SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

determination of the sources and transport characteristics of 

sediments in the Kings Bay area. 

The objectives of this report are as follows:

1. Review descriptive background information on the Kings 

Bay area.

2. Report current, water-temperature, salinity, and sediment-concentration data collected nonsynoptically 

over consecutive floodtides and ebbtides during July 

1982 in Kings Bay and vicinity.

3. Use these data to calculate net transport of water, salt, 

and sediment at four cross sections during consecutive 

floodtides and ebbtides, and use this information to 

appraise sediment-transport patterns within the study 

area.

4. Report salinity, water-temperature, sediment, turbidity, 

and phytoplankton data collected throughout Kings 

Bay and vicinity on consecutive slack tides.

5. Use these data to identify possible suspended-sediment 

sources and to define salinity variation throughout the 

study area.

6. Report results of analyses of benthic samples for particle 

size, organic carbon, and algal remains, and use these 

data to identify possible depositional patterns. 

The information presented in this report is based primarily 

on data collected over a short period of time during unique 

tidal conditions (neap tide period with an increasing tide 

range) that were influenced by local weather. The interpretations of the data relevant to the sedimentation problems are 

limited because the data represent only a short time period. 

Nevertheless, the data provide important information that is 

needed to appraise sediment sources, to understand sediment-transport characteristics, and to design meaningful 

data-collection programs.

PREVIOUS STUDIES

Review of the literature reveals that numerous studies of 

water and sediment movement have been conducted in estuaries and tidal embayments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, 

including the Georgia coast. However, only a few studies 

have been conducted in the vicinity of Kings Bay and the St. 

Marys estuary. Oertel and Howard (1972) considered the 

associated water circulation and sediment-movement patterns in all major estuary inlets of the Georgia coast, including the St. Marys inlet. Howard and Frey (1975) reported on the characteristics of bottom materials collected from 

Cumberland Sound and the St. Marys River. Olsen (1977) 

studied the effects of inlet stabilization at St. Marys Entrance. The most comprehensive investigation in Kings Bay 

and vicinity was the environmental impact assessment for 

the Naval Submarine Base conducted for the U.S. Navy in 

1976-77 by ES & E (Environmental Science and Engineering, 1977). As part of that investigation, water-quality and 

tidal-flow data were collected periodically for a year to assess 

the integrated characteristics of water circulation and patterns of sediment erosion, deposition, and accumulation. In 

November 1981, the U.S. Geological Survey (McConnell and 

others, 1983) conducted a preliminary investigation of the 

nature and magnitude of sediment transport in Kings Bay 

and vicinity during high spring tide conditions.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to acknowledge Mr. George Carpenter, 

U.S. Navy, OICC, for his assistance with the logistics of this 

project and U.S. Navy personnel at the Kings Bay docking 

facility for recording wind data.

Special thanks go to Wayne York of Tradewind Charter, 

who was extremely cooperative in providing boat support. 

Thanks to Kenneth Morgan, the superintendent of Cumberland Island National Seashore, for allowing a tide-stage recorder to be installed at a dock on Cumberland Island.

The author also acknowledges the following U.S. Geological Survey personnel for their assistance: Timothy W. Hale 

and James B. McConnell for providing helpful suggestions 

regarding the investigation and the report; Don Block (Atlanta Central Laboratory), who analyzed and interpreted the 

planktonic and benthic diatom data; Howard A. Perlman and 

Stephen E. Ryan for their outstanding effort in developing 

software for computer graphics and data reduction for this 

report; Howard H. Persinger, who provided assistance in the 

field operation; and, lastly, the field personnel who, during 

the process of data collection, had to endure long working 

hours, strenuous and tedious working conditions, and severe 

weather conditions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

The project study area (fig. 1) included Kings Bay, Cumberland Sound, St. Marys River, Crooked River, Cumberland 

River, Amelia River, and several smaller tributaries. It did 

not include any area seaward of St. Marys Entrance or 

northward of Cumberland Dividings.

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY

The estuarine system of Kings Bay and vicinity is a barbuilt system in the sea island section of the Coastal Plain 

physiographic province of Georgia. Bar-built estuaries are 

shallow basins, often partially exposed at low tide, enclosed 

by offshore bars or barrier islands, and broken at intervals by 

tidal inlets (Pritchard, 1967). Cumberland Island and Little 

Cumberland Island (not shown in fig. 1) are low, sandy 

islands separated from one another and from the mainland 

by tidal creeks and inlets that drain an extensive marsh-filled 

coastal lagoon. The mainland topography is characterized by 

broad depositional terraces alined in belts parallel to the

FIGURE 1. Location of study area and data-collection sites.
8I°37 30

DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

8I°30'

30°52'3O" -

4 MILES
SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

present coastline. These terraces consist of Pleistocene coastal deposits that have a low gradient and subtle undulations of 

the surface.

Pleistocene sediments of these terraces are organized into 

topographically distinct geomorphic units. The two geomorphic units are linear sand ridges (former barrier islands) and 

broad, clayey sand plains (former back-barrier tidal lagoons 

or marshes). These coastal terraces were formed during 

Pleistocene interglacial periods of erosion and deposition associated with transgressions and regressions of the Atlantic 

Ocean. Geologically, existing islands and marshes are unstable, subject to migration due to natural forces (waves, tides, 

currents, and winds) and man-induced alterations (dredging, 

upstream dams, jetties, and other shoreline structures).

ECOLOGY

The seaward margin of the mainland and the landward 

side of the barrier islands are bordered by extensive areas of 

salt marsh and limited areas of freshwater and brackish 

marsh. The salt marsh extends to the high-tide line and up 

tidal creeks and rivers, where its upper boundary is generally 

marked by the black rush (Juncus roemerianus) (Wharton, 

1978). Basically, the salt marsh is a grassland thet includes 

zones of single species of salt tolerant grasses such as 

cordgrass (Spartina), salt grass (Distichlys), and rushes 

(Juncus). The marshes are watered and drained by an intricate network of tidal creeks and rivers.

Zones of vegetation in the salt marshes are determined by 

elevation, which controls the depth and duration of inundation by saline water. The harsh saltwater environment and 

water-level fluctuations in tidal marshes allow the growth of 

only a few species tolerant of salt stress and tidal fluctuations. Free from competition, extensive stands of smooth 

cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) persist. Smooth cordgrass 

gives way to other species (Distichlys spicata, Borrichia 

frutescens, Salicornia virginica, and Linomium carolinianum) at higher marsh elevations where the marsh is flooded for only an hour a day (Warton, 1979).

Productivity in a salt marsh may amount to 200 (g carbon/m2) per yr with carbon production due mostly to Spartina alterniflora (Wharton, 1978). Grosselink and others 

(1973) estimated that 42 percent of net primary production 

of Spartina alterniflora is flushed into the adjacent subtidal 

environments by tidal action, and Odum and de la Cruz 

(1967) estimated the net export of organic and mineral matter from 25 ha (hectares) of marsh to be 40 kg on neap tide 

and 140 kg on a spring tidal cycle. Odum (1961) has shown 

that the richest Georgia coastal marshes can produce up to 

3.7 metric tons of plant material per hectare per year, which 

is a level of productivity more than six times the average 

world production of wheat per hectare. Mud algae growing 

throughout the intertidal sediments also contribute a substantial amount (one-quarter to one-third) of the total primary productivity of the salt marsh ecosystem (Schelske and 

Odum, 1961). Tidal flushing enhances salt-marsh productivity by replenishing nutrients and detritus and by circulating 

nutrients in estuarine waters. The highly productive tidal 

marshes are capable of supporting an extensive shellfish and 

fish resource important to the commercial seafood industry.

CLIMATE

Kings Bay and vicinity is characterized by warm, humid 

summers and short, mild winters. Because the marine environment moderates the climate of the area, the winters are 

warmer and the summers are cooler than in the inland areas. 

Rainfall averages 1,270 mm per year, with spring being the 

driest season. Summer temperatures generally range from 

the 20's to the low 30's (°C) and winter temperatures range 

from 4° to 15 °C. The average relative humidity ranges from 

45 percent in the spring to 60 percent in the fall.

The prevailing winds are generally from the southeast, but 

during the period September to December the dominant 

winds are from the northeast. These "northeasters" generally are of high velocity and occasionally increase to moderate 

gale force. Tropical storms are common in the region; however, storms of hurricane strength have not occurred at Kings 

Bay as frequently as at most other locations along the Atlantic Coast. The most active hurricane period is from late June 

through mid-October. Hurricanes that move into the area 

generally are reduced to moderate winds and heavy rains by 

passing over land.

STREAMFLOW

The St. Marys River is the major source of freshwater to 

the study area. The St. Marys River originates in the Okefenokee Swamp (53 km west of the study area) and empties 

into Cumberland Sound, about 7 km south of Kings Bay (fig. 

1). The drainage area upstream from the mouth includes 

approximately 3,830 km2 of swampland and coastal plain. 

Streamflow data have been collected at a station on the St. 

Marys River near Macclenny, Fla. (67 km southwest of the 

study area), since October 1926. This station is about 161 

river kilometers upstream from the mouth; about half of the 

drainage area is upstream of this station. A flow-duration 

curve for the period of record (fig. 2) indicates that a daily 

flow of 7.0 mVs was exceeded 50 percent of the time. The 

mean daily flow for the same period was 19.2 ms/s. Data 

gathered at this station and from nearby streams indicate 

that the mean daily flow of the St. Marys River at its mouth 

is about 41 m3/s.

Crooked River, a much smaller stream, drains into Cumberland Sound about 4 km north of Kings Bay. The drainage 

area above its mouth is approximately 231 km2, and its 

estimated mean daily flow is 2.2 mVs.

Other streams within the project area are the Amelia and 

North Rivers and Marianna Creek. The surface-water runoff
DATA COLLECTION

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100

10

0.1

0.1 1 2 5 10 20 40 60 80 9095 98 99.9

TIME DISCHARGE WAS EXCEEDED,

IN PERCENT

FIGURE 2. Duration curve of daily flow, St. Marys River near Mcclenny, Fla., 

1927-80 water years.

from these lowland streams is estimated to be less than the 

flow of Crooked River.

TIDES

Tides in Kings Bay and vicinity are semidiurnal and range 

from neap tides (minimum tidal range) generally exceeding 

1.5 m to spring tides (maximum tidal range) exceeding 2.5 

m. In the Cumberland Sound-St. Marys River estuary, highand low-water elevations follow the Moon's meridian passage 

by a nearly constant interval. The tide occurs 50 minutes 

later each day because the Moon crosses the meridian 50 

minutes later each day. Over a tidal cycle, ebbtidal current 

velocities tend to be greater than floodtidal current velocities 

because of the addition of freshwater to the ebbtide flow.

DATA COLLECTION

The methods of data collection used in this study are 

described in this section. When appropriate, reference is 

made to specific methods that are described in the Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations series published by 

the U.S. Geological Survey. The field measurement techniques used are presented in table 1, and the sampling and 

laboratory methods used are presented in table 2 (all tables 

are at the end of the report). All times given in this report are 

eastern standard time.

TIDE STAGE, WINDSPEED, AND 

WIND DIRECTION

Tide-stage data were collected during the study period at 

eight continuous-stage recorder sites at Kings Bay and vicinity. (See fig. 1.) The recorders were installed by the U.S. 

Geological Survey at the beginning of the study. All elevations in the report are arbitrary because of uncertain elevation datums.

Windspeed and direction data were recorded by Navy personnel from an anemometer located at Kings Bay wharf. 

Readings were recorded hourly during the data-collection 

period.

CURRENT VELOCITY

Current velocity was measured at cross sections in upper 

Kings Bay (A) and lower Kings Bay (B), Cumberland Sound 

(C), and St. Marys Entrance (D) during separate tidal cycles 

(fig. 1). The tide heights and the dates and timespans of the 

measurements are shown in figures 3 and 4. The measurements began near ebb slack tide in the morning and continued until the next ebb slack tide. Measurements were made

A. UPPER KINGS BAY

i i i i I i i i

0000 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400

TIME, IN HOURS 

JULY 9 JULY 10 JULY 11

0

-1

-2

B. LOWER KINGS BAY

i i i i I i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i

0000 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400

TIME, IN HOURS 

JULY 13 JULY 14 JULY 15

EXPLANATION 

 SAMPLE COLLECTED

FIGURE 3. Upper Kings Bay and lower Kings Bay gaging stations and 

approximate data-collection times at the measurement cross sections, July 

9-15, 1982.
SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

± 0

-1

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DC 

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C. CUMBERLAND SOUND

-2 i i ii i I ii i ii ii i i i I i ii ii i

0000 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400

TIME, IN HOURS

JULY 14 JULY 15 JULY 16 

3

- D. ST. MARYS ENTRANCE

i i i i I i ii i i i i i i i I i i i i ii ii i i i - o

0000 1200 2400 1200 2400 1200 2400

TIME, IN HOURS 

JULY 12 JULY 13 JULY 14

EXPLANATION 

 SAMPLE COLLECTED

FIGURE 4. Cumberland Sound and St. Marys Entrance gaging stations and 

approximate data-collection times at the measurement cross sections, July 

12-16, 1982.

at five verticals in each cross section. The cross-sectional 

geometry and the locations of the verticals are shown in 

figures 5 and 6.

Current velocity was measured by the anchored-boat 

method. In accordance with this method, Price AA current 

meters were used to measure current speed. Direction of flow 

was measured by a Marsh-McBirney directional current 

meter. These meters were suspended from depth-sounding 

reels mounted on boats anchored at five verticals in each 

cross section. The boats were positioned at the verticals by 

use of an electronic distance meter located onshore near the 

cross section. Current velocity was measured at 15-minute 

intervals at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 of the water depth and at 

0.5 m above the bottom of the channel. The current meters 

and the depth-sounding equipment were used according to 

methods described by Buchanan and Somers (1976) and by 

Smoot and Novak (1968).

BATHYMETRY

Water depths were measured by a recording fathometer. 

Cross-sectional widths were determined from fathometer 

data and from channel widths measured at each cross section 

by use of an electronic distance meter.

WATER QUALITY

Suspended-sediment and turbidity samples were collected 

and water temperature, specific-conductance, and salinity 

measurements were made at the same four cross sections 

where current measurements were made. These data were 

collected 12 times during both the floodtide and the ebbtide 

from the 5 verticals in each cross section. Times of data 

collection relative to the tide-stage hydrographs are shown in 

figures 3 and 4. Water samples and measurements were 

taken from an anchored boat. Samples for the determination 

of suspended sediment and turbidity were collected with a 

variable-speed pumping sampler. Measurements of temperature, specific conductance, and salinity were made onsite 

with a field meter.

The pump-sampling method of sample collection was chosen over the conventional point-sampling method because 

pumped samples can be collected much more rapidly. Personnel and equipment constraints required that a few individuals 

collect many samples quickly in order to define the suspended-sediment conditions with time in the dynamic estuarineflow system.

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EXPLANATION 

1 NUMBER IS SAMPLING VERTICAL IN 

CROSS SECTION

LEFT, FACING SEAWARD 

RIGHT, FACING SEAWARD

FIGURE 5. Channel geometry and location of measurement verticals at 

upper Kings Bay and lower Kings Bay cross sections.
METHODS OF COMPUTATION

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

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D. ST. MARYS 

ENTRANCE, 

JULY 13, 1982

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 

DISTANCE FROM LEFT BANK, IN METERS

EXPLANATION

1 NUMBER IS SAMPLING VERTICAL IN 

CROSS SECTION

L LEFT, FACING SEAWARD 

R RIGHT, FACING SEAWARD

FIGURE 6. Channel geometry and location of measurement verticals at 

Cumberland Sound and St. Marys Entrance cross sections.

A variable-speed, self-priming pumping sampler having 

three nozzles of different diameters (15.9, 22.2, and 30.2 

mm) was constructed so that suspended-sediment samples 

could be pumped at the same flow rate as the tidal velocity. 

The pumping rate of the sampler ranges from about 0.13 to 

0.25 L/s. These pumping rates coupled with the three nozzle 

dimensions provide a nozzle velocity ranging from about 0.18 

to 1.29 m/s. The delivery line was a 9.5-millimeter (ID), 

22.5-meter-long, noncollapsible hose.

For quality assurance, conventional samples were taken 

with a cable-suspended US P-61 (Guy and Norman, 1970) 

point-integrating sampler fitted with a Teflon nozzle 4.8 mm 

in diameter. The sampler was operated from an anchored 

boat and could be opened and closed at prescribed depths to 

collect about 400 mL of water.

A sample was collected by each method at approximately 

the same location, depth, and time at each vertical in all four 

cross sections at least once an hour during a consecutive 

floodtide and ebbtide. At all cross sections, the total concentrations of suspended sediment in samples collected by the 

two methods were within 5 percent of each other.

Phytoplankton, turbidity, total organic carbon, and salinity 

data also were collected on July 8, 1982, at or near a consecutive ebb and flood slack tide. Data collection began near St. 

Marys Entrance at flood and ebb slack tide (zero velocity) 

and progressed landward. Measurement crews arrived at 

each site prior to slack tide and waited until slack tide before 

sampling and measuring the water. To define the salinity 

profile, salinity was measured onsite at several points in the 

vertical with a salinity meter. Turbidity samples were collected 1 m below the surface and 1 m above the bottom with a 

point water sampler. Total organic carbon and phytoplankton 

samples were collected 0.5 m below the water surface with a 

point water sampler.

BOTTOM MATERIAL

Bottom-material samples were collected at 13 measurement cross sections by using a cable-suspended US BMH-54 

grab-type sampler operated by a motor-driven B-series reel. 

All samples were taken from the bottom surface at three 

verticals at each site. The three samples were composited to 

form one sample per site.

METHODS OF COMPUTATION

The methods used to compute estimates of mean current 

velocity, water discharge, salt discharge, and suspendedsediment discharge are discussed in this section. The meanvelocity and discharge curves used in the computational procedures were smooth-fitted through the data points.

MEAN CURRENT VELOCITY 

IN THE VERTICAL

Mean-velocity estimates at the five verticals in the measurement cross sections were computed for each series of 

anchored-boat velocity measurements by the equation

Vm =

where

Vm 

P

2V0. 3

+ 2V0. 5 + 2V0. 7 + 1.5V09 + 0.5VB)/10,

is the computed mean velocity in the vertical, 

^ P O.S. VI O.TI and V are the velocities measured

at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 of the water depth, 

respectively,

Vs is equal to the velocity at 1.0 m below the surface or 

to Vol, depending on which was closest to the 

surface,

VB is the velocity measured 0.5 m above the channel

bottom.

Vs and VB are approximations of the mean velocity in the 

upper and lower 5 percent of the water column. Mean-velocity estimates computed using the preceding equation were

and
8 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

compared with velocities computed graphically from velocity 

profiles fit through the point velocity data. The estimates 

from the two procedures were in agreement. Therefore, for 

computational simplicity, the equation shown above was considered very satisfactory for this study.

Smooth mean-velocity-time curves for the 13-hour tidal 

cycle were constructed for each vertical in the measurement 

cross sections from the computed mean-velocity data.

WATER DISCHARGE

The discharge-measurement method is described by 

Buchanan and Somers (1976). Smooth discharge-time curves 

for the 13-hour tidal cycle were constructed for each measurement cross section and for subsections within the cross 

sections. Adjustments were made in the discharge-time 

curves for the subsections so that the sum of the areas under 

the subsection-discharge curves equaled the area under the 

discharge curve for the entire cross section.

Water discharges defined by the water-discharge-time 

curves should be considered only approximations of the true 

tidal discharges. Inaccuracies in the discharge measurement 

technique and the limited amount of velocity data could result in differences between the true and the measured 

discharges.

The volume of water exchanged during the ebbtide and 

floodtide periods at each cross section was determined by 

computing the area under the water-discharge curves for 

each subsection of a cross section. The sum of the five subvolumes is the total volume exchanged. Integration of the 

area at 5-minute intervals was done by computer.

MEAN CURRENT VELOCITY IN THE 

CROSS SECTIONS

Mean current velocities for the measurement cross sections were computed by dividing the cross-sectional discharges by the cross-sectional areas. Mean-velocity curves 

for each cross section were constructed from mean velocities 

computed at 5-minute intervals. The cross-section discharges 

and the cross-sectional areas used in the computations were 

obtained from the cross-sectional discharge-time curves and 

from tide-stage-area relations, respectively.

SALT DISCHARGE

Salt discharges were determined at each cross section 

from the water-discharge and salinity data. Salinity-time 

curves were constructed from salinity data collected at each 

of the five measurement verticals. Each point in time used to 

define the salinity curve was a velocity-weighted average of 

the vertical measurements. The product of salinity (density 

adjusted) and the corresponding water discharge was computed at 5-minute increments, which resulted in a salt-discharge-time curve for each subsection. The incremented areas under the salt-discharge curves were summed to give the 

total salt discharges for the ebbtide and the floodtide.

SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT DISCHARGE

Total suspended-sediment discharge, sand discharge, and 

silt-plus-clay discharge were determined at each cross section from the water discharge and the suspended-sediment 

concentrations. The procedure was similar to the salt-discharge computation. The average suspended-sediment concentrations used in the sediment-discharge computations 

were velocity-weighted averages of the five concentrations in 

the verticals.

STUDY RESULTS 

TIDE AND WIND CONDITIONS

Sampling at Kings Bay and vicinity was conducted during 

a neap-tide period with an increasing tide range. Tide conditions measured at four of the eight tide-stage recorders at 

upper and lower Kings Bay, Cumberland Island, and St. 

Marys Entrance are summarized in table 3. From July 9 to 

July 12, the tide range generally remained unchanged. From 

July 14 to July 16, the tide range increased, primarily because of an increasing high tide. On July 16, the tide range 

reached a maximum of 2.32 m at the upper Kings Bay gage, 

2.20 m at the Cumberland Island gage, and 2.08 m at the St. 

Marys Entrance gage. Tide heights at the four gages and the 

differences between the tide heights at the gages may be 

subject to error because of uncertain elevation datums. The 

times of ebb and flood slack tides at the Kings Bay recorders 

generally lagged the times at the Cumberland Island gage by 

about 15 minutes and lagged those at the St. Marys Entrance recorder by 5 to 25 minutes.

Wind-velocity data recorded at Kings Bay are presented in 

table 4.

TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY

Water temperatures at the measurement cross sections 

ranged from 27°to 31°C (figs. 7-10). Slight variations in 

water temperature occurred with stage changes in lower 

cross sections (C and D, fig. 1). At any one measurement 

cross section, the maximum temperature variation from top 

to bottom or among verticals was less than 2.0 °C, which 

indicates that the cross sections were thermally well mixed 

(homogeneous).

Salinities ranged from 26.2 to 35.1 g/kg (tables 5-8). 

Seawater typically has a salinity of 32 to 35 g/kg, whereas 

freshwater generally has a salinity of less than 0.5 g/kg. 

Higher salinities that varied only slightly with changes in 

stage occurred at the lower cross sections (C and D, fig. 1). 

Salinity did not vary appreciably within and between the 

measurement verticals. At any one cross section, the maximum salinity variation from top to bottom or between verticals was less than 4.1 g/kg (figs. 7-10).

Generally, the ebbtide and floodtide salinity differences at 

individual sampling sites throughout the project area were
26

STUDY RESULTS

SALINITY, IN GRAMS PER KILOGRAM

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TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS 

EXPLANATION

 TEMPERATURE SALINITY 

1 405 SAMPLE TIME

FIGURE 7. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 2, upper Kings Bay cross section, July 10, 1982.
10 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

26

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TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS 

EXPLANATION

 TEMPERATURE SALINITY 

1 936 SAMPLE TIME

FIGURE 8. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 2, lower Kings Bay cross section, July 14, 1982.
STUDY RESULTS

SALINITY, IN GRAMS PER KILOGRAM

11

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TEMPERATURE,IN DEGREES CELSIUS 

EXPLANATION

 TEMPERATURE SALINITY 

1 908 SAMPLE TIME

FIGURE 9. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 2, at Cumberland Sound cross section, July 15,1982.

31
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26

SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

SALINITY, IN GRAMS PER KILOGRAM

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TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS

EXPLANATION

 TEMPERATURE 

1553 SAMPLE TIME

SALINITY

FIGURE 10. Temperature and salinity profiles at measurement vertical 4, at St. Marys Entrance cross section, July 13, 1982.
STUDY RESULTS 13

small (fig. 11 and table 9). Exceptions are sites 5a, 6, and 7, 

on the St. Marys River; the greater influx of freshwater from 

the St. Marys River accounts for a comparatively large spatial and tidal variation in salinity. Salinities ranged from 17.0 

g/kg at site 7 to 34.5 g/kg at sites 1 and 2. Salinities at most 

sites were lower at ebb slack tide than at flood slack tide, 

owing to the greater dilution of seawater with freshwater 

from inland sources during ebb slack tide.

CURRENT VELOCITY AND FLOW

Mean current-velocity characteristics at the four cross sections in the study area are presented in figures 12 and 13. 

The data presented in these figures were not collected during 

similar tide and wind conditions and, therefore, are not a 

synoptic representation of current-velocity and flow 

characteristics.

Peak mean current velocity near midtide was higher during ebbtide than during floodtide. Peak mean current velocity 

at the upper Kings Bay cross section was 0.45 m/s for the 

ebbtide and 0.37 m/s for the floodtide (fig. 12). Peak mean 

current velocity at the lower Kings Bay cross section was 

0.28 m/s for the ebbtide and 0.23 m/s for the floodtide (fig. 

12).

The decrease in current velocity at the lower Kings Bay 

cross section relative to the upper Kings Bay cross section 

was the result of a decrease in the ratio of tidal flow to the 

cross-section area at the lower Kings Bay cross section. The 

cross-section area at the lower Kings Bay cross section is 

about 2.5 times larger than the cross-section area at the 

upper Kings Bay cross section. The lower Kings Bay channel 

extends roughly 1.1 km landward (northwest) from the lower 

Kings Bay cross section. This channel has been dredged to a 

nearly uniform depth. The channel width increases immediately landward of the lower measurement cross section and 

then narrows somewhat about midway along this reach 

where the docking facilities begin. (See fig. 1.)

The upper Kings Bay cross section consists of a left and a 

right channel. (See fig. 5.) The deeper and wider channel is 

in the middle-left part of the cross section. This channel 

becomes shallower and narrower as it extends northeastward 

and joins Cumberland Sound. On the right side of the cross 

section, a smaller channel becomes Marianna Creek as it 

extends into the tidal marsh. On the ebbtide, the current 

velocity near midtide was greater in the deeper middle-left 

channel (verticals 2 and 3) than in the right channel (vertical 

5). On the floodtide, the current velocity near midtide was 

greatest in vertical 2.

The profiles of velocity measured at the lower Kings Bay 

cross section indicate some tendency for higher current velocities to occur on the left side of the channel during floodtide. During ebbtide, the current velocity was evenly distributed through the cross section.

The current-velocity curve for the Cumberland Sound 

cross section (fig. 13) shows that mean current velocity was

higher around mid-ebbtide than during mid-floodtide. Peak 

mean current velocity was 0.74 m/s for the ebbtide and 0.60 

m/s for the floodtide. The current velocities were greatest at 

verticals 1 and 2 on the ebbtide and were more uniform at 

each vertical on the floodtide.

The current-velocity curve for the St. Marys Entrance site 

shows greater mean current velocities on the ebbtide than on 

the floodtide (fig. 13). Peak mean current velocity was 0.86 

m/s for the floodtide and 0.93 m/s for the ebbtide. The 

highest current velocities were in the center verticals (verticals 3 and 4) during both ebbtide and floodtide.

SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS

The concentration of suspended sediment in samples collected during this study showed a relatively low degree of 

variability among the measurement cross sections. The average concentration was 18.1, 18.4, 18.8, and 18.6 mg/L at 

upper Kings Bay, lower Kings Bay, Cumberland Sound, and 

St. Marys Entrance, respectively (table 10). Lower average 

percentages of silt- and clay-sized particles were contained in 

the upper and lower Kings Bay samples (70 and 74 percent, 

respectively) than in the Cumberland Sound (80 percent) and 

St. Marys Entrance (82 percent) samples. In the measurement verticals, the highest concentrations of suspended sediment commonly occurred in samples collected at the greatest 

sampling depth. However, these samples did not consistently 

have the highest percentages of sand-sized particles.

At the lower Kings Bay, Cumberland Sound, and St. 

Marys Entrance cross sections, the greatest suspended-sediment concentrations and the largest percentages of suspended sand generally occurred around mid-floodtide, when current velocities were greatest (figs. 14-17). At upper Kings 

Bay, the greatest suspended-sediment concentrations and 

the largest percentages of suspended sand occurred during 

ebbtide. During ebbtide at all cross sections, the greatest 

suspended-sediment concentrations and the larger percentages of suspended sand generally lagged behind the maximum current velocities. Noticeably more sand (11 to 37 percent) was in suspension at the upper Kings Bay cross section 

than at the other three measurement cross sections.

The differences between the average suspended-sediment 

concentrations for a consecutive ebbtide and floodtide at the 

measurement cross sections were statistically different at the 

0.95 percent probability level. Average concentrations were 

25 percent higher for the ebbtide than for the floodtide at the 

upper Kings Bay cross section and 18 to 25 percent lower for 

the ebbtide than for the floodtide at the St. Marys Entrance, 

Cumberland Sound, and lower Kings Bay cross sections.

Historic riverflow and sediment-concentration data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at a station on the St. 

Marys River near Macclenny, Fla., were used to evaluate the 

importance of the river as a source of sediment to the study 

area. Because the station is 161 river kilometers upstream 

from the mouth, the data represent only the suspended sedi-
14 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

F E

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

10

10

EXPLANATION

1

< QC

DC 2LJJ^ 40 

I Q_<

2 . a:

10

O 	F E

/////A SAMPLE NEAR SURFACE

U SAMPLE NEAR BOTTOM

F FLOODTIDE SAMPLES

E EBBTIDE SAMPLES

2 SAMPLING SITE AND

A IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

01 234567 KILOMETERS 

Iiii i I I I I I I I

4 MILES

FIGURE 11. Spatial distribution of salinity at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982.
STUDY RESULTS 15

5 -

Q

o

H

Q 

LU 

O

z

LU 

CC 

LU 

LL 

LU 

CC

H 

X

g

LU

I

LU 

Q

A. UPPER KINGS 

BAY

4 

CO

cc

[±±0400 0600 0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 

m TIME, IN HOURS 

JULY 10,1982

1

0

-1

-2

B. LOWER KINGS / 

BAY

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0

-0. 1

-0.2

-0.3

LU

0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 

TIME, IN HOURS 

JULY 14, 1982

EXPLANATION 

 TIDE HEIGHT MEAN VELOCITY

FIGURE 12. Tide height and mean velocity at upper Kings Bay and lower 

Kings Bay cross sections.

ment contributed to the estuary from upland sources. Contributions from erosion of the tidal channel and the shoreline or 

from bedload transport were not investigated in this study.

The total suspended-sediment concentration at the St. 

Marys River near Macclenny, Fla., station, based on monthly 

samples collected from 1974 to 1980, ranged from 1 to 15 

mg/L and averaged 4 mg/L. Nearly all suspended-sediment 

particles were less than 0.062 mm in diameter (silt plus clay). 

The relation between water and suspended-sediment discharges for the St. Marys River near Macclenny is shown in 

figure 18. By using the flow-duration data for the St. Marys 

River station and the relation in figure 18, an average annual 

suspended-sediment discharge of 3.1 X 106 kg/yr was computed. The average annual sediment yield (computed as in 

Miller, 1951) for the drainage basin is 1.7 X 103 

(kg/km2)/yr.

The suspended-sediment loads and yields determined for 

the St. Marys River near Macclenny, Fla., indicate that the 

amount of suspended sediment transported from the upland 

to the estuary is small. For the purpose of comparison, table 

11 lists the annual suspended-sediment loads and yields of 

other streams that flow to the Atlantic coast in Georgia. The 

headwaters of the Altamaha and Ogeechee Rivers are in the 

Piedmont physiographic province, and the headwaters of the 

remaining streams are in the Coastal Plain.

PHYTOPLANKTON

Phytoplankton standing stock data were collected at 12 

sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during consecutive ebb and 

flood slack tides (fig. 19). Phytoplankton standing stock data 

for ebb and flood slack tide are summarized in table 9. 

Generic determinations of total phytoplankton standing 

stock, which includes all the classes of photosynthetic plankton found during sample analysis, are given in table 12. 

Determinations of diatom species and standing stock made 

from subsamples of the original plankton samples are listed 

in table 13.

Some observations can be made concerning the data in 

tables 12 and 13:

1. Flagellated true plankters (euplanktonic), Chlamydomonas, Chrysococcus, Kephyriopsis, and Trachelomonas, were the dominant organism in terms of units 

per milliliter.

2. Cymatosira belgica, Rhizosolenia fragilissima, Nitzschia palea, and Coscinodiscus nitidus were the dominant diatom species.

3. The highest total phytoplankton standing stock (nearly 

18,000 units/mL) occurred during ebbtide at site 18, 

and the lowest standing stock (just over 3,000 

units/mL) occurred during floodtide at site 1.

i i i i 

- C. CUMBERLAND 

SOUND

GC

0900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 LU 

TIME, IN HOURS 5

JULY 15, 1982 ?

~i i | i r

0700 0900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 

TIME, IN HOURS 

JULY 13,1982

EXPLANATION 

 TIDE HEIGHT MEAN VELOCITY

FIGURE 13. Tide height and mean velocity at Cumberland Sound and St 

Marys Entrance cross sections.
16 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY,

Q 

O 

O

Q 

O 

O

Q 

Z

O 

O 

LU 

C/3

DC 

LU 

Q_

C/5

DC 

LU 

hLJJ

m

CD 

O LLJ

m

^

O Q

z 8

LU

O

DC

< m 

X CD 

O LLJ

c/3

Q Q

a: 8

LU _i

Q 

O 

O

-300

0600 0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

TIME, IN HOURS

EXPLANATION

SAND CONCENTRATION 

SILT-CLAY CONCENTRATION

MEAN WATER DISCHARGE

FIGURE 14. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at the measurement verticals at the upper Kings Bay cross section, 

July 10, 1982.

GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

400

CO

co 200

LLJ

O 

O

DC 

LU 

Q_

C/3

cr

LU 

hLU

O

m

ou

LU 

O 

DC

I 

O 

C/3

Q

LU h- 

<

-400

0800

DC 

LU

DC 

LU 

Q.

03

DC 

O

O

roc

rZ 

LU 

O

z

o 

o

LU 

^

Q 

LU 

03

Q 

LU 

Q 

Z 

LU 

Q_ 

03 

^) 

03

1200 1600 2000

TIME, IN HOURS

EXPLANATION

SAND CONCENTRATION 

SILT-CLAY CONCENTRATION 

MEAN WATER DISCHARGE

FIGURE 15. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at the measurement verticals at the lower Kings Bay cross section, 

July 14, 1982.
STUDY RESULTS 17

O

o

LU 

V)

cc

LU 

Q.

CO 

CC 

LU 

hLU

O

CD 

D 

O

LU 

O 

CC

<

X 

O 

V)

CC 

LU

-3000

0800 1200 1600 2000 2400

TIME, IN HOURS

EXPLANATION

SAND CONCENTRATION 

SILT-CLAY CONCENTRATION 

MEAN WATER DISCHARGE

FIGURE 16. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at measurement verticals at the Cumberland Sound cross section, 

July 15, 1982.

O 

O 

LU 

CO

CC 

LU 

Q_

CO 

CC 

LU

K 

LU

CD

Q 

O 

O

§o

Q -

O '

Q 

O 

O

VERTICAL 1

VERTICAL 2

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

VERTICAL 3

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

VERTICAL 4

VERTICAL 5

0

0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

TIME, IN HOURS

EXPLANATION 

SAND CONCENTRATION 

SILT-CLAY CONCENTRATION 

MEAN WATER DISCHARGE

FIGURE 17. Mean water discharge and mean suspended-sediment concentration at measurement verticals at the St. Marys Entrance cross section, 

July 13, 1982.
18 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

1000

oco

o 

cc 

<

o 0

Q LU

co 1 0 h-z cc

Q 

LU 

CO

Q

LU 

Q

LU 

CL 

CO

D

0.1

Itt

! I

0.1 1 10 100 1000

WATER DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC METERS

PER SECOND

FIGURE 18. Relation between water and suspended-sediment discharges, 

St. Marys River near Macclenny, Fla., 1974-80 water years.

4. Within the plankton diatom assemblage, life forms 

from euplanktonic (truly planktonic), benthic (marsh 

soils and vegetation), and tychoplanktonic (normally 

benthic, but often suspended and living in the water 

column) origins were found.

5. The euplanktonic diatom species comprised only 25 percent of the total diatom assemblage.

6. Ebbtide samples generally had higher diatom species 

standing stock values than floodtide samples (figs. 20, 

21).

7. Ebbtide samples from most sites generally included a 

greater number of benthic species and individuals derived from the tidal marsh.

8. Cymatosira belgica, the dominant diatom in all samples, also had higher standing stock values during 

ebbtide than floodtide.

9. The highest counts of Cymatosira belgica (tychoplanktonic) in plankton generally occurred during ebbtide at stations nearest the marsh (sites 22, 17, 16, 

and 13).

10. On floodtide, site 1 had the highest percentage of the 

diatom species standing stock consisting of truly 

planktonic forms (64 percent), and on ebbtide, site 17 

had the lowest percentage of such diatom species 

standing stock (25 percent) (figs. 20, 21).

SUSPENDED TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON

Total organic carbon data were collected at 11 locations in 

the Kings Bay study area at consecutive ebb and flood slack 

tides (table 9 and fig. 22). The site location numbers correspond to the site locations and numbers in figure 1.

Observations and salient points concerning the ebb and 

flood slack tide total organic carbon survey are as follows:

1. Total organic carbon concentrations were generally uniform throughout the study area.

2. Generally, organic carbon concentrations were greater 

during ebb slack tide than during flood slack tide.

3. The highest concentration of total organic carbon (10 

jig/L) occurred at site 7 in the St. Marys River at ebb 

slack tide, and the lowest concentration (1.9 jig/L) 

occurred at site 2 in St. Marys Entrance at floodtide.

TURBIDITY

The relation between turbidity and suspended-sediment 

concentration was investigated in Kings Bay and vicinity to 

determine if turbidity data could be used to indicate changes 

in suspended-sediment concentration during the July datacollection period. No universal relation between turbidity and 

suspended-sediment concentration exists because of the 

highly variable nature of the suspended material. A good 

association may exist, however, between these parameters at 

specific locations and times. A relation between these parameters could provide relatively inexpensive real-time estimates 

of suspended-sediment concentration to supplement data collected by direct sampling and later laboratory analyses.

The turbidity-suspended-sediment concentration curve for 

field data collected at the four measurement cross sections is 

presented in figure 23. A reasonable relation exists between 

the two parameters, at least for the July measurement period. The rather uniform distribution of ebbtide and floodtide 

data points illustrates that the relation is similar during ebbtide and floodtide. The possibility of seasonal variability in 

the composition of the suspended sediment requires that the 

relation be established for each sampling period.

Turbidity data also were collected at 22 locations in the 

Kings Bay study area at consecutive ebb and flood slack tides 

(fig. 24 and table 9).

Observations and salient points concerning the ebb and 

flood slack tide turbidity survey are as follows:

1. Turbidity, generally, was greater during ebb slack tide 

than flood slack tide.

2. The highest turbidities occurred in the Crooked River at 

site 22 during ebb slack tide.

3. Turbidity was generally higher at the bottom than at the 

top of the water column.

4. Relative to the other sites, higher turbidities occurred in 

the upper part of Cumberland Sound (site 19).
STUDY RESULTS 19

20,000

20,000

Q/ ATLANTIC

o 

o

iSAMPLE NEAR SURFACE, 

I FLOODTIDE

SAMPLE NEAR SURFACE, 

EBBTIDE

SAMPLING SITE AND 

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

01 234567 KILOMETERS 

I t n i I I I I I I I

M

01234 1 MILES 

FIGURE 19. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982.
20 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

2737

2781

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

EXPLANATION 

2000 TOTAL DIATOM 

STANDING STOCK, 

IN VALVES PER 

MILLILITER

£$ EUPLANKTON, IN PERCENT

BENTHOS, IN PERCENT

TYCHOPLANKTON, IN 

PERCENT

A SAMPLING SITE AND

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

0 1 

I MI il

3 4 

I I

7 KILOMETERS 

J

I ' ' ' ' I

0 1 4 MILES

FIGURE 20. Spatial distribution of total diatom standing stock and percentages of the major diatom life forms in plankton during flood slack tide, Kings

Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982.
STUDY RESULTS 21

4720

6475

3200

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

EXPLANATION

TOTAL DIATOM 

STANDING STOCK 

IN VALVES PER 

MILLILITER

EUPLANKTON, IN PERCENT 

BENTHOS, IN PERCENT

TYCHOPLANKTON, 

IN PERCENT

SAMPLING SITE AND 

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

0 1 

I i 11 i I

3 4 

I I

7 KILOMETERS 

J

4 MILES

FIGURE 21. Spatial distribution of total diatom standing stock and percentages of the major diatom life forms in plankton during ebb slack tide, Kings

Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982.
22 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

12

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

12

EXPLANATION

SAMPLE NEAR SURFACE, 

^ FLOODTIDE

m SAMPLE NEAR SURFACE, 

£1 EBBTIDE

7 SAMPLING SITE AND

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

7 KILOMETERS 

J

M

1 4 MILES

FIGURE 22. Spatial distribution of organic carbon at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8,1982.
STUDY RESULTS 23

' -' H U

Ei 

LJJ

Q OT 30

ii

UJ >. 20

2 h-

? Q

00

>- or 10

h- Z)

m«- H

i 1 1

_ A _

A 

_ A _

A

A

A Floodtide 

n °A A ° Ebbtide

A ° Sfc0

°m^ i ,

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

SUSPENDED-SILT PLUS CLAY 

CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

FIGURE 23. Relation of suspended silt plus clay concentration to turbidity 

based on samples collected at measurement cross sections, Kings Bay and 

vicinity, July 10-15, 1982.

BOTTOM-MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Particle-size distribution, diatom remains, and carbon concentrations of bottom materials from Kings Bay and vicinity 

provide information on the nature and distribution of bottom 

materials.

PARTICLE SIZE

Bottom material was analyzed for particle sizes over a 

range that included clay (less than 0.004 mm) through very 

coarse gravel (32 mm). Particle-size distributions at the cross 

sections are shown in table 14 and are summarized and 

displayed graphically in figure 25.

Bottom materials in the area ranged from coarse gravelsized shell fragments to fine silt- and clay-sized inorganic 

particles. Fine particles were dominant only in bottom materials at the lower Kings Bay sites (13 and 14). At the upper 

Kings Bay sites (16 and 24), bottom material consisted dominantly of fine and medium sand-sized particles. Bottom 

materials at the Cumberland Sound sites also were dominantly fine and medium sand particles. Bottom material from 

the St. Marys Entrance cross section consisted of medium to 

very coarse sands and very fine to coarse gravel-sized shell 

fragments. The strong tidal currents at this cross section 

obviously have retarded the deposition of fine sand and siltplus-clay particles.

CARBON

Carbon data (total, organic, and inorganic) are presented 

in table 15 and figure 26. The highest concentration of total 

carbon (40.3 and 44.6 g/kg) occurred at the lower Kings Bay 

sites (13 and 14), where organic carbon accounted for 94

percent of the total carbon. One obvious source of the organic 

carbon is the highly productive tidal marsh close to these 

sites. However, significant amounts may also be transported 

from Cumberland Sound as finely divided particulate organic 

matter and as organic flotsam, specifically Spartina. Unlike 

the lower Kings Bay sites, the bottom sediments at the upper 

Kings Bay site contained relatively low levels of organic 

carbon (1.0 g/kg). Even though upper Kings Bay is close to a 

tidal marsh, shallower depths and higher velocities relative to 

lower Kings Bay apparently do not permit the accumulation 

of finely divided particulate organic matter.

DIATOM REMAINS

Diatom remains (table 16) were present in substantial 

amounts in some bottom-material samples. Detrital diatom 

remains contributed roughly 25 percent (approximately 

8,700,000 and 7,900,000 valves/cm3) of silt-plus-clay-sized 

particles to fine-grained bottom material at the lower Kings 

Bay sites (13 and 14), and roughly 2 percent (approximately 

2,000,000 valves/cm3) to coarse sediments at the upper 

Kings Bay site (16). At the Cumberland Sound and St. Marys 

Entrance sites (1, 2, 8, 10, 18, and 19), where bottom sediments were chiefly sand, the detrital diatom remains were 

generally less than 10 percent (910,000 to 6,400,000 

valves/cm3).

Diatom assemblages of euplanktonic, benthic, and tychoplanktonic life forms were represented in all samples at all of 

the cross sections (fig. 27). Cymatosira lelgica, Cyclotella 

striata, Rhaponeis surirella, and Cosdnodiscus nitidus 

were the dominant species in bottom materials from the 

study area. Cymatosira belgica (tychoplanktonic) was the 

dominant diatom in all samples (19.8-62.2 percent). The 

highest concentrations of Cymatosira belgica occurred at 

stations close to marsh areas (sites 7, 17, and 25). The 

bottom material sampled in close proximity to the marsh 

areas had higher percentages of diatom species that are 

considered exclusively benthic. For example, sites 1, 8, 13, 

14, 16, and 25 had percentages of exclusively benthic diatom 

species of 12, 17, 15, 25, 34, and 37, respectively. All the 

dominant diatom species found epiphytic on Spartina altemiflora (site 26) were also found in both the plankton and 

bottom-material samples.

TRANSPORT AND SOURCES OF 

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT

The amount and rate of suspended material transported on 

a consecutive ebbtide and floodtide were computed at the 

four measurement cross sections. Prior to the computation of 

suspended-sediment discharges, water and salt discharges 

(based on salinity, a conservative parameter) were computed 

to evaluate the water and salt discharge balances for the 

ebbtide and floodtide. The discharges and pertinent tide data 

are presented in table 17.
24 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

o £%3^ mm o ""fc* 3 o

EXPLANATION

F E

SAMPLE NEAR SURFACE 

SAMPLE NEAR BOTTOM 

F FLOODTIDE SAMPLES 

E EBBTIDE SAMPLES

7 SAMPLING SITE AND 

A IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

01 234567 KILOMETERS

I I I II

4 MILES

FIGURE 24. Spatial distribution of turbidity at flood and ebb slack tides, Kings Bay and vicinity, July 8, 1982.
STUDY RESULTS 25

EXPLANATION

A SAMPLING SITE AND

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

SILT PLUS 

CLAY

< 0.062 mm

M\ SAND

> 0.062 mm 

< 2.0 mm

GRAVEL 

> 2.0 mm

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

o 1 5 6 

I I

7 KILOMETERS 

J

"T

1 4 MILES

FIGURE 25. Spatial distribution of the major particle-size classes of bottom material, in percent, at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982.
26 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

0.9

2.0

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

TOTAL CARBON 

CONCENTRATION 

IN MICROGRAMS 

PER LITER

INORGANIC CARBON, IN 

^^ PERCENT

HI ORGANIC CARBON, IN 

*^* PERCENT

A7 SAMPLING SITE AND

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

7 KILOMETERS 

J

0 4 MILES

FIGURE 26. Spatial distribution of total carbon concentrations and the percentages of inorganic and organic carbon in bottom material, Kings Bay and

vicinity, July 1982.
STUDY RESULTS 27

2.0

1.4

ATLANTIC 

OCEAN

EXPLANATION

TOTAL DIATOM 

CONCENTRATION, 

IN VALVES PER 

CUBIC CENTIMETER 

TIMES 106

EUPLANKTON, IN PERCENT

BENTHOS, IN PERCENT

TYCHOPLANKTON, IN 

PERCENT

SAMPLING SITE AND 

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

0 1 

I in il

7 KILOMETERS 

J

1 ' ' I

1 4 MILES

FIGURE 27. Spatial distribution of diatom remains and percentages of the major diatom life forms in bottom material from Kings Bay and vicinity, July

1982.
28 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

At the upper Kings Bay measurement cross section, the 

tide heights at the start and end of the tidal cycle were equal. 

The tide heights at the start and end of the tidal cycle at 

lower Kings Bay, Cumberland Sound, and St. Marys Entrance were reasonably close (approximately 0.25 m). Tide 

heights and wind conditions should be similar within the 

estuary at the start and end of the tidal-cycle measurement 

period in order for the ebbtide and floodtide water discharge 

and salt discharge to balance.

The ebbtide and floodtide discharges for each cross section 

balanced reasonably well (1.4 to 1.1 percent). Adjustments 

due to freshwater inflow were not considered because the 

volumes of freshwater discharged to the estuary during the 

measurement periods were insignificant compared with tidal 

volumes.

The salt-discharge balance between the ebbtide and floodtide at each measurement site was good. Floodtide salt discharges at lower Kings Bay, Cumberland Sound, and St. 

Marys Entrance were 9.1, 6.8, and 8.9 percent larger, respectively, than ebbtide salt discharges. This coincides with 

the differences in water discharges at these cross sections, 

10.7, 5.7, and 9.8 percent larger, respectively. At upper 

Kings Bay, the water and salt discharges were 1.4 and 0.9 

percent larger during ebbtide than floodtide. A balance of 

ebbtide and floodtide salt discharges, therefore, suggests 

that the water-volume computations are reasonably accurate 

and that the water volumes can be used to compute the loads 

of suspended sediment, a nonconservative parameter.

Suspended-sediment discharge data for the July measurements suggest that there is a substantial net transport of 

suspended sediment seaward of the upper Kings Bay cross 

section and landward of the St. Marys Entrance, Cumberland 

Sound, and lower Kings Bay cross sections. This is a result, 

in part, of the larger (5.7 to 10.7 percent) floodtide water 

volume than ebbtide water volume at these three cross sections rather than higher floodtide suspended-sediment concentrations at these cross sections. However, even after a 

water volume adjustment is made, there is still a substantial 

net landward movement of suspended sediment.

At each cross section, silt plus clay made up the largest 

percentage of the total suspended-sediment discharges (table 

17). The percentage of sand in the total discharge was lower 

at the St. Marys Entrance and Cumberland Sound cross 

sections than at the upper and lower Kings Bay cross 

sections.

DISCUSSION

Water circulation within the project area results from the 

interaction of numerous factors, including freshwater inflow, 

tidal conditions, wind regime, and bathymetry. Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc. (1977), found that the 

water of Cumberland Sound and Kings Bay was generally 

well mixed vertically because of strong ocean breezes and 

strong tidal currents. Salinity stratification was detected infrequently by Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., 

during measurements conducted seasonally at many sites in 

Kings Bay and Cumberland Sound. For the July 1982 U.S. 

Geological Survey study, minimal freshwater inflow, high 

tides, and strong winds resulted in vertically and laterally 

mixed water at the measurement cross sections. For these 

conditions, the water of Kings Bay and Cumberland Sound 

was classified as vertically and laterally homogeneous 

(Pritchard, 1955; Cameron and Pritchard, 1963). The water 

at all sampling sites measured in July 1982, with the exception of the St. Marys River (sites 6 and 7), would be categorized at the high end of the polyhaline to the low end of the 

euhaline by the Venice System (Remane, 1971) for classifying salinity zones. The euhaline zone is defined as the zone 

bounded by salinities of 30 to 40 g/kg. This zone is indicative 

of negligible freshwater discharge. The polyhaline zone is 

defined as the zone bounded by salinities of 18 to 30 g/kg. At 

sites in the St. Marys River (sites 6 and 7), where salinities 

ranged from 17 to 31 g/kg, the waters are categorized as 

polyhaline, which indicates a small freshwater discharge.

Sedimentary processes in the estuary have resulted in bottom sediments characteristically different in lower Kings Bay 

(silt, clay, organic material) from those in upper Kings Bay 

(fine to medium sands), Cumberland Sound (fine to medium 

sands), Cumberland Sound (fine to medium sands, gravel), 

and St. Marys Entrance (medium to coarse sands, shell fragments). Some of the fine-grained inorganic and organic bottom sediment in lower Kings Bay may have been transported 

from upper Kings Bay and Marianna Creek on the ebbtides, 

as suggested by the net seaward discharge of suspended 

sediment at the upper Kings Bay cross section. Cumberland 

Sound also may be supplying fine-grained sediment to lower 

Kings Bay on the floodtides, as indicated by net landward 

discharge of suspended sediment at the lower Kings Bay 

cross section.

The relatively slow velocities in the deep channel of lower 

Kings Bay apparently permit much of the fine-grained suspended sediment to settle and to remain on the channel 

bottom, as indicated by the estimated accumulation rate of 

sediment in Kings Bay. (See p. 1.) It seems likely that part of 

the material set in motion by the relatively high ebb-current 

velocities in upper Kings Bay and Marianna Creek may be 

too heavy to remain in suspension or to be moved as bedload 

once the material reaches the slower velocity in the dredged 

lower Kings Bay channel. The same mechanism for the 

transport of fine-grained sediment may be occurring as the 

floodtide water moves into Kings Bay from Cumberland 

Sound. Current-velocity data collected in 1976 (Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., 1977, p. C-216) indicate 

that floodtide current velocity decreased appreciably between 

a measurement site at the north end of Drum Point Island 

and the entrance to Kings Bay. Apparently, the floodflow is 

deflected toward the northeast as it enters Kings Bay and a 

relatively slower velocity occurs on the inside of the arc
CONCLUSIONS 29

(toward the southwest shore near the entrance to Kings 

Bay). Also, an enlargement of the cross-sectional area immediately landward (northwest) of the lower Kings Bay cross 

section would result in a reach of lower velocity. These areas 

of slow velocity and low turbulence are conducive to the 

deposition of fine-grained sediments. Areas seaward of St. 

Marys Entrance also may be contributing sediment to Kings 

Bay and to other shoaling areas within the estuary, as indicated by the substantial net landward transport of suspended 

sediment at the St. Marys Entrance cross section. However, 

the fate and long-term transport trends of the sediment cannot be defined by only a few data-collection efforts.

Bottom material samples from lower Kings Bay contained 

a large percentage of diatom remains; diatom remains were 

much less abundant in the bottom samples collected at the 

upper Kings Bay, Cumberland Sound, and St. Marys Entrance cross sections. Phytoplankton biomass in the water 

column at Kings Bay seems to be too low to contribute 

appreciable quantities of detrital material to the bottom sediments. The low phytoplankton concentrations measured during this study were probably normal for July, and the concentrations may not change greatly throughout the year. 

Chlorophyll a concentration in samples collected by Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc. (1977), at nine cross 

sections in Cumberland Sound and five cross sections in 

Kings Bay in 1976 (June, October) and 1977 (January-February, March-April) indicated that phytoplankton 

concentrations were low and showed no seasonality. However, annual primary production continuously supplies some 

fine detrital material, including diatom remains, to the estuary. Movement and deposition of the detrital material to areas 

that are accumulating fine-grained sediments may account 

for the abundance of diatom remains in the bottom sediments 

of lower Kings Bay. The diatoms or their remains could have 

originated in the ocean or within the estuary, or both.

Sediment may be supplied to the shoaling areas in the 

estuary from places other than the marsh adjacent to upper 

Kings Bay or from sources seaward of St. Marys Entrance. 

General areas of shoreline erosion in Kings Bay and Cumberland Sound that are potential sediment sources were delineated by Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc. (1977). 

Salt marshes in the area, in addition to the marsh area 

adjacent to Kings Bay, are sources of organic matter and 

possibly minerals, as pointed out in the "Ecology" section of 

this paper. Other obvious sediment sources are the tidal 

channels of Crooked River and St. Marys River, where large 

cutbanks have been created along meanders by the tidal 

currents. Several of these cutbanks occur along both tidal 

channels. One cutbank near Kings Bay is on a reach of 

Crooked River that borders Crooked River State Park. The 

Cumberland River (tidal channel) also may contribute sediment to Cumberland Sound and Kings Bay.

One source of sediment that is not a major contributor of 

suspended sediment to the estuary is the upland drainage of

the St. Marys River. The transport rate of suspended sediment at the gaging station near Macclenny, Fla., is small, 

even at times of high flow. For example, at a floodflow of 70 

m3/s, which is exceeded only 5 percent of the time (fig. 2), 

the suspended-sediment discharge rate is about 0.4 kg/s. 

(See fig. 18.) The net landward transport of suspended sediment at the St. Marys Entrance cross section for the measurement period was 16.7 kg/s (net total load divided by the 

duration of time; table 17). Using these data for comparison 

purposes, the transport rate of the St. Marys River was 

about 2.4 percent of that at the St. Marys Entrance cross 

section. Note that the St. Marys River flow and suspendedsediment concentration data were collected at a station 161 

river kilometers upstream of the mouth and, therefore, the 

suspended-sediment discharge is not a measure of the total 

suspended-sediment discharged to the estuary from the river 

system.

CONCLUSIONS

The conclusions that follow are based on the results of this 

study and, where possible, on other available data. Some 

statements are more strongly supported by the data base 

than others. Much of the data presented in this report may 

represent conditions only at the time of data collection. Obviously, a broader (long-term) data base is needed to confirm 

many conclusions.

The data indicate the following:

1. Lower Kings Bay and the area in the vicinity of Kings 

Bay entrance seem to be effective traps for sediment 

transported by both ebbtide and floodtide currents. 

Changes in channel geometry and shape probably 

caused a decrease in current velocities in these areas 

relative to current velocities in upper Kings Bay and 

Cumberland Sound. The result was a deposition of 

fine-grained sediments, including organic detrital material, in areas having slower current velocity.

2. Substantial net quantities of suspended sediment were 

transported into Cumberland Sound through St. 

Marys Entrance and possibly into Kings Bay. Suspended-sediment discharges computed for consecutive 

ebbtides and floodtides showed a large net landward 

transport of suspended sediment past the St. Marys 

Entrance, Cumberland Sound, and lower Kings Bay 

cross sections.

3. Net quantities of suspended sediment are transported 

from upper Kings Bay and Marianna Creek and are 

deposited in lower Kings Bay. New sediment may be 

delivered to upper Kings Bay from Cumberland Sound 

through a narrow connecting channel or from Crooked 

River via the intervening marsh.

4. Phytoplankton primary production was low at the time 

of sampling and phytoplankton biomass in the water 

column could not have contributed substantial quantities of detrital material to the estuary. However, an-
30 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

nual primary production of planktonic and benthic algae over the entire estuary and surrounding environs 

could contribute significant quantities of detrital material to depositional areas within Kings Bay and vicinity. For example, approximately 25 percent of the 

silt- and clay-sized particles in the bottom material 

sampled at lower Kings Bay consisted of a mixture of 

remains of planktonic and benthic diatoms. Most diatoms originated outside Kings Bay proper.

5. Potential sources of suspended sediment other than upper Kings Bay, the tidal marshes of Marianna Creek, 

and the area seaward of the St. Marys Entrance cross 

section are (1) parts of the shoreline surrounding 

Cumberland Sound, (2) the tidal channels of Crooked 

River and St. Marys River, (3) the tidal marshes in 

general, and (4) the Satilla River-St. Andrews Sound 

by way of the Cumberland River. Data are not available to evaluate the significance of the potential sediment sources as contributors to the sedimentation 

problems in Kings Bay and vicinity.

6. The upland drainage of the St. Marys River does not 

supply significant quantities of suspended sediment to 

the estuary. Long-term flow and sediment-discharge 

data from the St. Marys River station near Macclenny, 

Fla., reveal that even during flood periods the suspended-sediment delivery rate is small.

REFERENCES CITED

Buchanan, T. J., and Somers, W. P., 1969, Discharge measurements at 

gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Bk. 3, Chap. A8, 65 p.

Cameron, W. M., and Pritchard, D. W., 1963, Estuaries, in Hill, M. N., ed., 

The sea, v.2: New York, John Wiley, p. 306-324.

Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., 1977, Draft environmental 

impact statement for preferred alternative location for a fleet ballistic 

missile submarine support base at Kings Bay, Georgia: Washington, 

U.S. Department of the Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations.

Goerlitz, D. F., and Brown, Eugene, 1972, Methods for analysis of organic 

substances in water: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, Bk. 5, Chap. A3, 40 p.

Greeson, P. E., 1979, A supplement to methods for collection and analysis 

of aquatic biological and microbiological samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Bk. 5, Chap. A4, 92 

PGreeson, P. E., Ehlke, T. A., Irwin, G.A., Lium, B. W., and Slack, K. V., eds., 

1977, Methods for collection and analysis of aquatic biological and 

microbiological samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, Bk. 5, Chap. A4, 332 p.

Grosselink, J. G., Odum, E. P., and Pope, R. N., 1973, The value of the tidal 

marsh: Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University, Center for Wetland 

Resources, 25 p.

Guy, H. P., 1969, Laboratory theory and methods for sediment analysis: 

U.S. Gelogical Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, 

Bk. 5, Chap. Cl, 58 p.

Guy, H. P., and Norman, V. W., 1970, Field methods for measurement of 

fluvial sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Bk. 3, Chap. C2, 59 p.

Howard, J. D., and Frey, R. W., 1975, Regional animal-sediment characteristics of Georgia estuaries, in Estuaries of the Georgia coast, U.S.A.: 

Sedimentology and Biology, Senckenbergiana maritima, v. 7, p. 

33-104.

Jenkins, S. A., and Skelly, D. W., 1981, Coastal problems impacting submarine operations at Kings Bay, Georgia: La Jolla, Calif., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 24 p.

McConnell, J. B., Radtke, D. B., Hale, T. W., and Buell, G. R., 1983, A 

preliminary appraisal of sediment sources and transport in Kings Bay 

and vicinity, Georgia and Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Rept. 83-4060, 90 p.

Miller, C. R., 1951, Analysis of flow-duration, sediment rating curve method 

of computing sediment yield: Denver, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 15

POdum, E. P., 1961, The role of tidal marshes in estuarine production: The 

New York Conservationist, v. 14, no. 6, p. 12-15.

Odum, E. P. and de la Cruz, A. A., 1967, Particulate organic detritus in a 

Georgia salt marsh-estuarine ecosystem, in Lauff, G. H., ed., Estuaries: 

Washington, D.C., American Association for the Advancement of Science Pub. 83, p. 383-388.

Oertel, G. F., and Howard, J. D., 1972, Water circulation and sedimentation 

at estuary entrances on the Georgia coast, in Swift, D. J. P., Duane, D. 

B., and Pilkey, 0. H., eds., Shelf sediment transport: Process and 

pattern: Stroudsburg, Pa., Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, p. 411-427.

Olsen, E. J., 1977, A study of the effects of inlet stabilization at St. Marys 

Entrance, Florida: Coastal Sediments '77, Fifth Symposium of the Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Division of the American Society of 

Civil Engineers, New York, p. 311-329.

Pritchard, D. W., 1955, Estuarine circulation patterns, Proceedings of the 

American Society of Civil Engineers, 81, no. 717.

____1967, What is an estuary? Physical viewpoint, in Lauff, G. H., ed., 

Estuaries: Washington, D.C., American Association for the Advancement of Science Publication 83, p. 3-5.

Remane, A., 1971, Ecology of brackish water, in Remane, A., and Schlieper, 

C., Biology of brackish water: New York, Wiley Interscience, p. 1-210.

Schelske, C. L., and Odum, E. P., 1961, Mechanisms maintaining high 

productivity in Georgia estuaries: Proceedings, Gulf Caribbean Fisheries Institute, no. 14, p. 75-80.

Skougstad, M. W., Fishman, M. J., Friedman, L. C., Erdmann, D. E., and 

Duncan, S. S., eds., 1979, Methods for determination of inorganic 

substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey 

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Bk. 5, Chap. Al, 626 p.

Smoot, G. F., and Novak, C. E., 1968, Calibration and maintenance of 

vertical-axis type current meters: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of 

Water-Resources Investigations, Bk. 8, Chap. B2, 15 p.

Wharton, C. H., 1978, The natural environments of Georgia: Atlanta, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 227 p.
TABLES 1-17

TABLES 

TABLE 1. Field measurement techniques used at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982

33

Method of measurement

Frequency of 

measurement

Tide stage

Wind speed and 

direction

Tidal currents

Cross-section 

bathymetry

Water temperature

Specific conductance 

Salinity

Fisher-Porter digital 

recorder

Wind anemometer

Price Type AA standard

current meter; 

Marsh-McBirney directional

current meter

Raytheon recording 

fathometer and electronic distance meter

YS1 Model 33 S-C-T 

meter

do. 

do.

5 minutes 

Hourly

15 minutes 

Do.

Do.

22 vertical profiles

during flood slack tide; 

22 during ebb slack tide

Do. 

Do.

1 The use of brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological 

Survey.
34 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 2. Sampling and laboratory methods for samples collected at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 

[SL, left vertical facing seaward; (', center vertical; SR, right vertical facing seaward]

Sample

Method of treatment/ Vertical

sample collection preservation Container type sampled

Water column sampling

Turbidity (at 22 sites)

Turbidity (at 4 cross

sections)

Total suspendedsediment concentration

Sand and silt plus

clay concentrations

Phytoplankton standing

stock (at 11 sites)

Phytoplankton taxonomy

Plankton diatom

taxonomy

Point (grab-type) sampler None 250-mL plastic

bottle

Pump samples from station- do. do. C

ary boat

do. do. 1-L glass Verticals

bottle 1,2,3,4,5

do. do. do. do.

Point (grab-type) sampler 20 mL. Lugol's 1-L plastic C

solution bottle

do. do. do. do.

do. do. do. do.

Bottom material sampling

Grab sample, US BMH-54 Chill at 4°C 

do. do.

Bottom material particle size (at 12 

sites)

Total carbon in bottom 

material (at 12 sites)

Total inorganic carbon 

in bottom material

Total organic carbon 

in bottom material

Algal remains in bottom 

material (at 14 sites) Grab sample, US BMH-54 Chill at 4°C

Plastic carton SL, C, SR

do. do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Calculated as the difference between total carbon and total inorganic carbon

Plastic carton SL, C, SR

Percent of algal 

remains in bottom 

material do. do. do. do.
TABLES 35

TABLE 2. Sampling and laboratory methods for samples collected at Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Collection frequency

Method

of 

analysis Reference

Water column sampling

Turbidity (at 22 sites) 1 at each site at ebb and Nephelometric, Hach turbidi- Skougstad and others,

flood slack tide meter Model 2100 or 2100A 1979

Turbidity (at 4 cross

sections) 6 samples during floodtide

6 samples during ebbtide do. Do.

Total suspended-sediment 

concentration

Sand and silt plus clay 

concentrations

do.

do.

Filtration method, gravimetric Guy, H. P., 1969 

Wet sieve, gravimetric Do.

Phytoplankton standing 

stock (at 11 sites) 1 at each site at ebb and

flood slack tide Inverted microscope method Greeson and others, 1977

Phytoplankton taxonomy 

Plankton diatom taxonomy

do.

do.

Inverted microscope method 

to generic level

Inverted microscope method 

to species level

Do.

Do.

Bottom material sampling

Bottom material particle

size (at 12 sites) 1 sample at either flood

slack or ebb slack tide

Total carbon in bottom 

material (at 12 sites) do.

Total inorganic carbon 

in bottom material do.

Total organic carbon 

in bottom material

Algal remains in bottom

material (at 14 sites) 1 sample at either flood

slack or ebb slack tide

Percent of algal remains 

in bottom material do,

Wet sieve, gravimetric

Carbon dioxide conversion; 

thermal conductance

Modified Van Slyke procedure

Hydrogen peroxide digestion; 

inverted microscope method 

to species level

Inverted microscope method

Guy, H. P., 1969

Goerlitz, D. F., and 

Brown, Eugene, 1972

Do.

Greeson, P. E., 1979

Do.
36 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 3. Tide conditions measured at four tide-stage recorder sites at Kings Bay, Cumberland Island, and St. Marys Entrance for July 8-16, 1982

[Tide heights and ranges, in meters. Eastern standard time; , below arbitrary datum]

Upper Kings

Tide 

Date Time height

July 8 

July 9 

2330 5.64

July 10

0520 3.67

1155 5.47

1725 3.67

July 11 0010 5.66

0605 3.68

1235 5.49

1820 3.75

July 12 0045 5.64

0645 3.66

1320 5.55

1850 3.76

Bay

Tide 

range

1.97

1.80

1.80

1.99

1.98

1.81

1.74

1.89

1.98

1.89

1.79

Lower Kings

Tide 

Time height

2355

0440

1050

1630

2320

0515

1150

1715

2345

0605

1220

1820

0040

0645

1315

1850

0.80

-1.02

.75

-.95

.92

-1.02

.75

-1.02

-.94

-1.01

.76

-.94

.91

-1.04

.83

-.94

Bay

Tide 

range

1.82

1.77

1.70

1.87

1.94

1.77

1.77

1.96

1.85

1.77

1.70

1.85

1.95

1.87

1.77

1.84

Cumberland Island

Tide Tide 

Time height range

1540

2215

0430

1035

1630

2310

0505

1130

1710

2335

0555

1210

1810

0015

0635

1305

1845

~

-0.86

1.04

-.92

.79

-.85

.97

-.91

.78

-.91

.98

-.90

.80

-.84

.95

-.93

.86

-.83

1.90

1.96

1.71

1.64

1.82

1.88

1.69

1.69

1.89

1.88

1.70

1.64

1.79

1.88

1.79

1.69

St. 

Time

2150

0420

1010

1615

2230

0500

1055

1655

2310

0540

1150

1745

0000

0620

1245

1825

Marys Entrance

Tide Tide 

height range

~

2.83

.99

2.54

1.03

2.75

.98

1.53

.99

2.77

.98

2.54

1.06

2.73

.98

2.61

1.09

1.84

1.55

1.51

1.72

1.77

1.55

1.54

1.78

1.79

1.56

1.48

1.67

1.75

1.63

1.52

1.62
TABLES 37

TABLE 3. Tide conditions measured at four tide-stage recorder sites at Kings Bay, Cumberland Island, and St. Marys Entrance for July 8-16,

1982 Continued

Upper Kings

Date

July 13

July 14

July 15

July 16

Mean

Minimum

Maximum

Time

0135

0725

1504

1930

0220

0815

1505

2045

0320

0905

1610

2155

0415

1000

1710

2310

Tide

height

5.64

3.67

5.65

3.93

5.63

3.73

5.79

3.97

5.67

3.72

5.86

3.98

5.67

3.70

6.02

3.89

Bay

Tide

range

1.97

1.98

1.72

1.70

1.90

2.06

1.82

1.70

1.95

2.14

1.88

1.69

1.97

2.32

2.13

1.91

1.69

2.32

Lower Kings

Time

0125

0720

1355

1925

0215

0815

1500

2045

0310

0905

1555

2200

0405

1005

1700

2305

Tide

height

0.90

-1.05

.91

-.78

.89

-.98

1.03

-.75

.94

-.99

1.12

-.74

.93

-1.01

1.28

-.83

Bay

Tide

range

1.95

1.96

1.69

1.67

1.87

2.01

1.78

1.69

1.93

2.11

1.86

1.67

1.94

2.29

2.01

1.86

1.67

2.29

Cumberland Island

Time

0115

0720

1340

1920

0220

0805

1445

2040

0305

0900

1535

2155

0355

0955

1650

2300

Tide

height

0.95

-.93

.94

-.67

.93

-.87

1.06

-.65

.98

-.87

1.15

-.64

.97

-.90

1.30

-.72

Tide

range

1.87

1.87

1.61

1.60

180

1.93

1.71

1.63

1.85

2.02

1.79

1.61

1.87

2.20

2.02

1.80

1.60

2.20

St. Marys Entrance

Time

0040

0705

1315

1930

0145

0750

1420

2020

0240

0850

1505

2135

0320

0940

1550

2255

Tide

height

2.68

.96

2.69

1.22

2.70

1.01

2.83

1.24

2.74

1.02

2.94

1.24

2.74

1.02

3.10

1.19

Tide

range

1.75

1.73

1.47

1.48

1.69

1.82

1.59

1.50

1.72

1.92

1.70

1.50

1.72

2.08

1.91

1.67

1.48

2.08
38 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 4. Windspeed and direction at Kings Bay, July 9-16, 1982

Date

9 July

10 July

11 July

12 July

13 July

14 July

15 July

16 July

Number

Time of 

period measurements

0052-0900

0900-1600

1600-2140

2140-2400

0004-1002

1002-1500

1500-1900

1900-2400

0001-0305

0305-0600

0600-1205

1205-1500

1500-1700

1700-1801

1801-2400

0001-0110

0110-1300

1300-1605

1605-2400

0001-0600

0600-1100

1100-1811

1811-2200

2200-2400

0005-0208

0208-0910

0910-1200

1200-2400

0005-0307

0307-0629

0629-0900

0900-1200

1200-2023

2023-2400

0005-0205

0205-0610

0610-0800

0800-1100

1100-1200

1200-1300

1300-1400

1400-2200

2200-2400

9

6

4

2

11

5

4

4

4

3

6

3

1

1

6

2

10

3

8

7

5

5

4

1

2

8

3

11

4

3

3

2

9

2

2

4

2

4

1

1

1

8

2

Wind speed statistics 

Minimum Maximum

Kilometers

per hour

0

3.7

0

0

0

5.5

0

0

0

11.1

0

5.5

14.8

31.4

0

3.7

0

5.5

0

0

0

0

14.8

7.4

0

0

0

5.5

0

0

0

0

5.5

14.8

0

0

0

7.4

9.2

11.1

12.9

7.4

0

Knots

0

2

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

6

0

3

8

17

0

2

0

3

0

0

0

0

8

4

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

3

8

0

0

0

4

5

6

7

4

0

Kilometers

per hour

9.2

33.3

27.8

11.1

9.2

18.5

7.4

7.4

7.4

11.1

5.5

16.6

14.8

31.4

11.1

7.4

3.7

18.5

9.2

11.1

5.5

29.6

22.2

7.4

0

11.1

3.7

18.5

11.1

0

0

0

22.2

18.5

11.1

0

0

18.5

9.2

11.1

12.9

14.8

5.5

Knots

5

18

15

6

5

10

4

4

4

6

3

9

8

17

6

4

2

10

5

6

3

16

12

4

0

6

2

10

6

0

0

0

12

10

6

0

0

10

5

6

7

8

3

Mean

Kilometers

per hour

4.1

18.1

10.7

5.5

4.2

10.0

2.8

5.2

4.07

11.1

4.1

9.8

5.0

5.5

2.4

10.5

4.4

5.4

3.0

12.6

17.6

0

4.4

1.3

12.9

4.6

0

0

0

18.7

16.6

5.5

0

0

12.9

12.6

2.8

Knots

2.2

9.8

5.8

3.0

2.3

5.4

1.5

2.8

2.2

6.0

2.2

5.3

2.7

3.0

1.3

5.7

2.4

2.9

1.6

6.8

9.5

0

2.4

0.7

7.0

2.5

0

0

0

10.1

9.0

3.0

0

0

7.0

6.8

1.5

Wind 

direction

S

SE

S

W

SW

E-SE

SW

S

SW

W

SW

SE

NW

NE

S-SW

S

SW

SE

S-SW

S-SW

SW

SE

S

SW

SW

S

SW

SE

S

SW

W

NE

E

SE

SE

SW

N-NW

E

N

E

NW

E

S
TABLES 

TABLE 5. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at upper Kings Bay cross section, July 10, 1982

39

Mean concentration

Measurement 

number

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Time 

(EST)

0710

0807

0906

0938

1008

1103

1158

1305

1405

1505

1603

1703

0821

0911

0937

1012

1111

1200

1230

1335

1405

1433

1616

1656

0825

0908

0935

1013

1115

1155

1243

1315

1350

1453

1608

1708

Tide

stage 

(m)

4.09

4.44

4.83

5.03

5.20

5.41

5.47

5.21

4.75

4.31

3.91

3.69

4.54

4.86

5.03

5.22

5.44

5.47

5.39

4.98

4.75

4.53

3.83

3.71

4.57

4.84

5.01

5.23

5.44

5.47

5.34

5.13

4.87

4.38

3.88

3.69

Total sediment 

(mg/L)

Vertical

15.6

16.5

20.1

16.3

17.0

16.1

12.3

16.9

17.5

27.1

24.8

20.1

Vertical

15.7

13.8

13.7

14.1

13.2

13.5

13.4

17.1

20.8

21.6

30.1

24.4

Vertical

20.5

22.1

20.5

16.4

14.3

11.7

11.3

19.1

20.6

28.6

32.6

26.2

Silt plus clay 

(mg/L)

1

10.4

12.0

13.5

11.5

11.7

10.4

9.2

12.0

12.6

20.0

18.3

16.8

2

11.1

9.8

9.9

9.5

9.2

9.6

10.1

13.0

14.9

16.0

19.7

17.2

3

16.3

17.1

14.2

12.5

10.6

7.7

8.7

13.5

14.5

19.5

21.6

16.9

Salinity 

(g/kg)

28.2

28.5

28.7

28.5

28.7

28.5

28.0

28.1

28.0

27.9

27.7

27.8

27.7

28.0

27.7

27.8

27.3

27.8

28.1

28.0

27.7

27.7

27.3

27.5

27.7

28.0

27.8

27.8

27.5

27.8

27.9

27.8

28.1

27.6

27.9

27.2

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-60.9

-80.8

-78.5

-77.1

-68.2

-39.8

10.1

95.8

90.3

51.7

22.9

7.8

-148.0

-148.8

-142.9

-144.3

-102.2

14.0

91.2

199.3

203.8

183.6

90.1

42.5

-111.7

-123.3

-126.1

-129.2

-65.4

-5.5

134.9

239.3

247.8

180.9

83.1

23.2
40 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 5. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at upper Kings Bay cross section, July 10, 1982 Continued

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0823

0918

0950

1020

1130

1205

1248

1320

1423

1505

1528

1543

0824

0908

0936

1005

1108

1158

1228

1308

1406

1454

1528

1630

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L)

4.56

4.91

5.10

5.26

5.46

5.46

5.32

5.10

4.61

4.31

4.15

4.04

4.56

4.84

5.02

5.18

5.42

5.47

5.40

5.19

4.74

4.40

4.15

3.77

Vertical 4

12.4

15.7

15.2

15.3

15.2

12.8

10.1

18.3

22.8

25.4

25.4

26.6

Vertical 5

16.0

16.1

16.2

14.3

12.3

13.5

10.5

13.2

20.5

21.6

21.4

24.8

8.3

10.8

10.6

9.8

9.8

9.1

6.5

11.7

16.9

17.3

18.9

17.6

10.8

8.3

10.6

9.5

8.7

9.8

6.9

9.6

15.0

15.5

15.0

18.4

Salinity 

(g/kg)

28.1

28.1

27.7

27.9

27.8

27.8

27.4

28.1

27.7

27.2

27.5

27.4

28.1

27.9

28.1

28.4

28.1

28.3

27.5

27.4

27.4

27.2

27.1

27.2

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-46.3

-64.8

-70.1

-64.6

-30.0

-13.0

44.9

47.6

28.1

12.0

8.3

7.0

-49.9

-65.6

-64.1

-61.6

-47.2

-7.6

34.6

52.5

32.2

23.3

17.7

5.1
TABLES

TABLE 6. Sitspended-sediment and salinity data collected at lower Kings Bay cross section, July 14, 1982

41

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0930

1126

1237

1349

1451

1532

1614

1718

1846

1936

2039

2114

0951

1121

1238

1356

1420

1533

1708

1840

1936

2036

2121

1028

1148

1258

1413

1452

1536

1617

1725

1810

1844

1953

2110

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L)

-0.76

.06

.56

.93

1.02

.99

.84

.39

-.32

-.58

-.74

-.71

-0.64

.02

.57

.95

1.00

.99

.47

-.28

-.58

-.74

-.69

-0.39

.22

.69

.99

1.02

.98

.82

.33

-.06

-.31

-.65

-.72

Vertical 1

12.7

15.5

26.9

26.6

26.1

18.1

14.9

12.7

15.6

16.6

13.1

11.6

Vertical 2

12.2

15.7

43.0

24.2

20.0

13.2

13.9

19.9

18.9

15.3

12.8

Vertical 3

12.9

18.2

38.0

23.1

25.7

13.0

14.0

15.4

17.8

20.3

18.6

13.3

8.8

9.7

19.2

21.9

20.5

14.6

12.8

10.7

10.9

10.9

10.1

8.3

9.0

11.0

32.5

17.3

13.1

9.4

10.5

15.1

12.7

11.4

8.4

10.0

13.6

30.3

18.2

20.9

9.3

11.8

13.9

12.5

15.4

14.4

10.3

Salinity 

(g/kg)

27.3

27.0

27.4

27.6

28.0

28.1

28.2

27.6

27.6

27.6

27.3

27.3

27.1

27.1

27.0

27.2

27.4

27.8

27.7

27.2

27.1

26.8

27.1

26.4

26.7

26.5

27.0

27.2

27.2

28.1

28.0

27.3

27.9

27.3

27.2

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-84.0

-196.5

-249.5

-220.3

-181.4

-3.1

158.4

213.3

170.9

114.6

53.5

-18.3

-76.5

-144.2

-189.9

-151.8

-129.8

7.18

203.6

147.2

84.9

38.0

-10.4

-88.1

-126.4

-145.9

-145.7

-99.8

79.1

155.1

163.1

142.6

105.5

67.6

11.8
42 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 6. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at lower Kings Bay cross section, July 14, 1982 Continued

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1018

1148

1239

1325

1501

1546

1647

1746

1908

2022

2111

1543

1010

1150

1253

1338

1455

1548

1640

1745

1913

2013

2100

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L)

-0.46

.22

.58

.84

1.02

.95

.63

.14

-.44

-.73

-.71

4.04

-0.52

.23

.67

.90

1.03

.95

.68

.15

-.47

-.71

-.73

Vertical 4

10.2

14.2

23.7

21.6

21.5

14.8

15.0

13.4

18.1

16.2

11.3

26.6

Vertical 5

8.9

31.1

20.3

21.3

18.9

17.1

16.3

16.1

15.8

13.9

13.7

6.6

8.3

14.5

17.6

15.3

11.6

10.8

11.2

12.6

13.4

8.2

17.6

6.6

20.8

16.7

14.9

12.8

13.5

13.4

13.6

12.3

11.4

10.0

Salinity 

(g/kg)

25.8

26.5

27.2

27.6

27.5

27.8

27.7

27.3

26.8

27.2

26.8

27.4

26.2

26.4

26.2

26.4

26.7

27.2

28.0

27.7

27.1

27.2

27.2

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-65.9

-98.3

-89.8

-96.0

12.4

83.0

144.3

141.3

62.9

28.2

6.8

7.0

-57.6

-103.1

-66.0

-89.3

23.4

99.4

149.5

149.9

42.5

-9.4

-30.2
TABLES

TABLE 7. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at Cumberland Sound cross section, July 15, 1982

43

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 

9 

10 

11

12

1 

2 

3 

4 

5

6

7

8 

9 

10 

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1018

1118

1213

1323

1438

1523

1633

1737 

1836 

2006 

2138

2216

1040 

1138 

1230 

1400 

1510

1553

1630

1813 

1908 

2023 

2153

2233

1024

1135

1232

1357

1514

1557

1659

1836

1907

1952

2100

2149

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay Salinity 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L) (g/kg)

-0.63

-.21

.20

.70

1.07

1.15

1.06

.74 

.32 

-.32 

-.63

-.62

-0.49 

-.06 

.32 

.94 

1.14

1.15

1.07

.51 

.06 

-.40 

-.64

-.57

-0.59

.09

.34

.92

1.14

1.14

.95

.32

.06

-.24

-.56

-.64

Vertical 1

26.7

45.5

32.2

56.3

22.3

16.9

10.3

13.0 

27.1 

35.6 

16.8

13.6

Vertical 2

24.5 

17.6 

28.5 

21.2 

14.3

12.2

12.5

9.9 

13.6 

19.4 

17.7

14.5

Vertical 3

15.5

13.7

21.8

19.8

13.0

10.7

10.5

10.3

14.8

21.1

13.6

10.8

22.5

38.4

25.8

45.8

17.0

12.8

7.9

9.8 

18.3 

29.6 

14.6

10.9

22.2 

14.6 

22.7 

15.0 

10.9

8.7

10.1

8.2 

11.6 

16.2 

13.3

11.8

12.7

11.7

16.0

13.3

10.1

8.0

8.0

8.5

11.8

18.2

10.8

9.2

27.1

28.3

30.5

31.8

34.4

34.3

33.9

33.6 

31.6 

29.8 

27.9

27.8

27.8 

28.8 

31.0 

33.4 

34.2

34.1

33.9

31.1 

28.9 

28.3 

28.7

28.3

27.4

28.6

30.4

33.3

34.3

34.1

33.8

30.0

29.4

28.7

28.0

27.5

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-681.6

-843.2

-816.8

-844.6

-642.6

-252.3

513.4

1,253.2 

1,290.8 

1,030.0 

435.4

70.55

-1,074.9 

-1,620.3 

-1,540.0 

-1,430.3 

-728.9

-193.7

584.1

2,324.4 

2,389.1 

1,630.5 

308.3

-245.8

-397.7

-726.7

-813.9

-732.9

-444.1

-123.1

458.3

987.2

822.6

487.0

257.3

113.7
44 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 7. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at Cumberland Sound cross section, July 15, 1982 Continued

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1032

1109

1155

1301

1425

1558

1655

1829

1901

1932

2040

2109

1009

1126

1224

1336

1436

1554

1653

1800

1906

2009

2112

2206

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L)

-0.54

-.28

.07

.55

1.04

1.14

.97

.38

.11

-.11

-.48

-.59

-0.67

.15

.28

.79

1.07

1.15

.98

.60

.07

-.33

-.59

-.63

Vertical 4

15.4

23.1

16.4

26.5

14.4

8.8

7.0

16.5

21.0

22.0

16.2

15.9

Vertical 5

12.2

23.1

21.6

22.4

12.0

8.6

7.1

25.0

37.0

29.4

14.3

10.2

13.4

19.9

14.0

20.6

11.4

7.4

5.0

12.5

16.7

18.0

12.7

12.1

10.3

18.2

16.6

18.1

9.7

7.2

6.4

20.2

31.3

24.1

11.9

8.5

Salinity 

(g/kg)

27.6

28.4

29.0

31.2

33.7

34.4

33.5

31.2

30.6

29.5

28.5

27.7

26.8

29.1

30.4

32.1

34.2

34.3

34.2

31.8

30.3

29.0

28.0

27.7

Discharge 

U3 /s)

-410.0

-619.3

-774.7

-746.4

-673.1

-214.5

399.9

771.7

561.1

491.6

314.4

222.5

-240.2

-492.1

-724.6

-790.4

-681.8

-285.7

409.0

541.9

376.2

186.6

147.3

61.7
TABLES

TABLE 8. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at St. Marys Entrance cross section, July 13, 1982

45

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 

9 

10

11

12

1

2

3

4 

5 

6

7

8

9 

10 

11 

12

13

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6

7 

8 

9 

10 

11

12

0845

0915

1050

1145

1320

1415

1455

1543 

1643 

1728

1910

1945

0850

0943

1010 

1058 

1150 

1255

1405

1436

1615 

1654 

1800 

1900

2000

0910 

0953 

1108 

1220 

1323 

1418

1505 

1540 

1653 

1740 

1848

1953

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L)

1.22

1.41

2.05

2.40

2.68

2.60

2.41

2.17 

1.72 

1.48

1.23

1.23

1.26

1.60

1.77 

2.12 

2.42 

2.68

2.62

2.53

1.93 

1.67 

1.33 

1.23

1.26

1.39 

1.65 

2.18 

2.57 

2.69 

2.59

2.39 

2.18 

1.67 

1.42 

1.24

1.25

Vertical 1

18.4

27.1

31.0

28.3

23.5

15.8

18.3

22.9 

26.8 

27.5

19.5

14.1

Vertical 2

22.4

24.3

27.7 

17.2 

18.2 

17.2

15.4

13.9

20.4 

17.0 

18.8 

14.4

10.6

Vertical 3

17.0 

22.5 

12.5 

12.3 

14.8 

14.0

10.2 

12.9 

14.3 

11.3 

25.5

9.8

16.0

22.9

20.9

22.1

17.2

13.4

14.9

16.6 

20.7 

23.3

17.8

12.9

21.5

22.0

24.5 

14.5 

15.4 

13.6

12.7

12.0

15.3 

13.8 

17.0 

11.9

9.56

15.3 

20.1 

10.8 

10.1 

12.6 

11.9

8.3 

11.4 

11.2 

8.5 

21.2

7.0

Salinity 

(g/kg)

29.7

29.6

33.6

33.9

34.5

33.8

35.0

35.0 

34.8 

34.6

32.6

32.1

30.1

31.1

31.6 

34.2 

34.3 

34.6

34.5

35.0

35.0 

34.6 

32.1 

30.2

30.5

29.7 

30.6 

34.3 

33.9 

34.2 

33.9

34.6 

34.3 

33.9 

31.9 

31.5

30.7

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-339.1

-560.5

-835.7

-794.4

-368.9

119.9

848.0

1,137.1 

1,043.3 

817.2

342.2

150.1

-462.2

-988.4

-1,053.7 

-1,157.5 

-1,178.3 

875.6

154.4

450.7

1,519.4 

1,448.6 

1,241.3 

671.6

279.9

-1,263.5 

-2,124.2 

-2,525.0 

-2,370.1 

-1,521.0 

219.1

1,468.3 

2,439.1 

2,521.4 

2,042.9 

949.6

5.3
46 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 8. Suspended-sediment and salinity data collected at St. Marys Entrance cross section, July 13, 1982 Continued

Measurement Time 

number (EST)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0853

0953

1108

1212

1320

1418

1502

1530

1553

1638

1724

1848

1903

0857

0939

1105

1200

1318

1403

1452

1604

1706

1815

1903

1944

Mean concentration 

Tide 

stage Total sediment Silt plus clay 

(m) (mg/L) (mg/L)

1.28

1.65

2.18

2.52

2.68

2.59

2.39

2.22

2.09

1.75

1.50

1.24

1.24

1.31

1.58

2.16

2.49

2.68

2.63

7.97

2.00

1.59

1.30

1.24

1.23

Vertical 4

16.7

17.8

17.6

18.5

17.6

16.1

12.5

10.8

12.8

13.3

14.9

20.7

15.3

Vertical 5

23.5

17.0

23.1

28.0

23.4

20.8

22.9

18.4

20.1

16.3

17.4

14.4

14.6

15.3

12.4

13.7

13.2

10.9

8.9

8.1

9.0

9.3

10.7

15.2

11.6

19.8

14.8

19.6

22.2

17.4

16.3

17.4

12.4

13.8

19.9

14.7

12.1

Salinity 

(g/kg)

30.0

30.9

33.6

34.5

33.7

34.2

34.5

34.2

33.9

32.5

31.8

31.1

30.8

31.5

31.9

35.0

35.1

35.1

35.1

34.5

33.9

32.9

30.7

30.4

30.4

Discharge 

(m3/ s )

-1,276.0

-2,442.9

-3,134.5

-2,797.0

-2,100.8

-407.2

1,617.4

2,310.6

2,712.9

3,406.2

2,691.6

1,176.9

909.0

-1,729.7

-2,343.6

-3,197.8

-2,933.6

-2,033.8

-78.0

1,851.6

2,564.0

3,285.1

2,417.9

1,217.4

241.8
TABLES 47 

TABLE 9. Physical, chemical, and biological data collected at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982

Slack 

tide 

site

1

2

3

4

5a

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Time

1034 

1040

1705 

1700

1130 

1135

1725 

1720

1000 

1010

1735 

1730

1140 

1145

1750 

1745

1200 

1205

1800 

1755

1210 

1215

1805 

1800

1220 

1225

1820 

1815

1100 

1105

1710 

1715

1125 

1130

1730 

1735

1120 

1115

1725 

1730

1130 

1125

1745 

1740

1145 

1140

1755 

1750

1155 

1150

1805 

1800

Bottom 

depth 

(m)

15.0

11.0

20.0

19.0

12.0

13.0

12.0

14.0

6.5

5.0

9.0

5.0

8.0

6.0

14.0

12.0

12.5

10.5

13.0

11.0

14.0

12.4

2.8

2.3

15.9

11.0

Tide

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

Position 

in 

vertical

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

top 

bottom

Salinity 

(g/kg)

34.5 

34.5

30.9 

32.2

34.5 

34.5

30.0 

31.4

32.3 

34.0

27.7 

31.9

34.0 

34.0

29.1 

30.9

32.2 

33.1

23.8 

25.5

30.3 

31.6

23.1 

24.5

25.2 

28.4

17.0 

18.1

31.7 

34.0

29.1 

30.1

30.7 

31.2

28.6 

28.7

29.4 

30.9

28.6 

28.9

28.9 

30.3

28.7 

29.1

29.4 

29.4

28.7 

28.6

29.0 

29.4

28.7 

29.1

Turbidity 

(NTU)

2.8 

1.3

1.8 

2.5

1.3 

1.3

1.0 

4.3

2.1 

3.4

2.0 

6.4

1.4 

1.0

1.9 

1.5

1.6 

2.8

1.7 

2.8

1.9 

2.2

1.3 

2.9

1.8 

5.3

3.0 

3.0

.3 

1.0

2.3 

6.2

1.3 

3.5

2.5 

5.4

1.4 

3.4

3.1 

2.7

1.4 

4.3

2.3 

5.8

2.7 

1.8

2.0 

1.8

1.2 

3.3

2.1 

5.1

Phytoplankton 

(units per (number of 

milliliter) genera)

3,000

11,000

7,800

10,400

 

~*

7,300

3,700

8,300

12,000

 

12,000

14,000

 

 ~

 

10,000

12,000

21

17

18

13

 

~~

~

~

 

13

18

15

13

15

17

 

 

~~

 

14

13

Organic 

carbon 

(ug/L)

2.3

4.9

1.9

4.9

3.4

7.9

 ~

 

~~

 

7.3

10.0

3.5

5.4

6.6

5.5

 

4.8

4.9

Phytoplankton diatoms 

(values per (number of 

ailliliter) species)

850

1,900

1,900

2,200

~*

~~

3,000

3,300

4,300

3,600

 

 " 

2,300

3,500

 ~

~~

1,800

4,100

32

38

28

30

 

 

~ ~

"~~

 

38

36

26

31

~ 

29

27

~~

~ 

27

32
48 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 9. Physical, chemical, and biological data collected at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides,

JulyS, 1982 Continued

Slack 

tide 

site

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Time

1210

1205

1815

1810

1220

1215

1825

1820

1235

1230

1835

1830

1245

1240

1850

1845

1142

1145

1800

1810

1200

1203

1815

1820

1206

1210

1830

1835

1235

 

1250

1255

1845

1850

Bottom 

depth 

(m)

9.2

8.8

9.2

7.3

6.4

2.7

6.4

4.6

6.0

4.0

5.5

5.0

8.0

5.5

2.0

5.0

4.5

Tide

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

flood

ebb

Position 

In 

vertical

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

top

bottom

Salinity 

(g/kg)

28.8

29.1

28.7

28.7

28.9

29.3

28.7

29.0

28.7

29.1

28.3

28.6

28.4

29.0

28.0

32.2

28.8

29.1

27.9

28.0

28.0

28.0

27.7

28.0

28.7

29.0

28.0

28.0

28.4

28.4

27.2

27.2

Turbidity 

(NTU)

1.0

4.1

3.2

3.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

2.2

4.2

4.5

5.2

3.1

5.9

4.5

1.4

2.1

2.4

3.3

2.1

14.0

7.2

9.6

1.2

2.5

2.7

8.7

1.2

3.2

5.8

20.0

19.0

Phytoplankton 

(units per (number of 

mlllillter) genera)

14,300

11,000

15,000

12,000

12,000

9,300

10,700

7,500

14,000

18,000

10,000

11,000

17

16

18

13

11

10

17

14

15

19

14

11

Organic Phytoplankton diatoms 

carbon (values per (number of 

(ug/L) mlllillter) species)

 2,200

 2,300

4.9 2,400

4.8 2,600'

~ 2,800

 4,700

5.4 4,300

4.9 5,900

5.6 3,600

4.3 2,200

 

 

 

 

 

4.4 2,700

6.5 6,500

21

27

27

31

29

39

34

27

36

21

23

24
TABLES

TABLE 10. Summary of suspended-sediment data collected in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 10-15,1982 

[T, mean concentration for the cross section; 1-5, verticals in the cross section]

49

Mean suspended-sediment concentration, in milligrams per liter

Total suspended sediment Silt plus clay Sand

Tide Date 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 T

Flood

Ebb

July 10

16.9 14.1 17.6 14.4 14.7 15.5

19.8 20.1 23.1 21.6 18.7 20.7

Upper Kings Bay

11.5 9.9 13.1 9.7 9.6 10.8 

14.8 14.3 15.8 14.8 13.4 14.6

5.3 4.2 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.8 

5.0 5.8 7.3 6.8 5.3 5.0

Flood 21.0 23.0 23.6 17.4 20.4 21.1

July 14 

Ebb 14.1 15.7 15.1 17.1 16.0 15.8

Lower Kings Bay

15.8 16.6 18.6 11.8 14.8 15.5

8.5 11.2 12.5 14.4 12.4 11.8

5.2 6.4 5.0 5.6 5.6 5.6 

5.6 4.5 3.6 2.7 3.6 4.0

Flood 33.3 19.7 15.8 17.4 16.6 20.6

July 15 

Ebb 19.4 14.6 13.5 16.4 20.5 16.9

Cumberland Sound

27.1 15.7 12.0 14.4 13.4 16.5 

15.2 11.9 11.1 12.8 17.1 13.6

6.2 4.0 3.8 3.0 3.2 4.0 

4.2 2.7 2.4 3.6 3.4 3.3

St. Marys Entrance

Flood 25.7 22.0 15.8 17.4 22.6 20.7 19.8 19.6 13.8 13.4 18.4 17.0 5.9 2.4 2.0 4.0 4.2 3.7

July 13

Ebb 20.7 16.0 14.0 14.3 18.2 16.6 17.1 13.2 11.3 10.7 15.0 13.5 3.6 2.8 2.7 3.6 3.2 3.2
50 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 11. Flow and suspended-sediment transport characteristics for selected streams

Sample station 

(USGS station number)

Altamaha River at 

Doctortown, Ga. (02226000)

Canoochee River near 

Claxton, Ga. (02203000)

Ogeechee River near 

Eden, Ga. (02202500)

Satilla River at 

Atkinson, Ga. (02228000)

St. Marys River near 

Macclenny, Fla. (02231000)

Drainage 

area 

(km2)

35,200

1,440

6,860

7,230

1,810

Med ian 

annual flow 

(m3/s)

238

4.48

39.2

27.4

6.44

Record 

analyzed 

flow sediment 

(yrs) (yrs)

49 20

42 13

42 23

50 22

53 6

Average annual 

suspended-sediment 

load 

(kg x 10 6/yr)

330

3.9

22

30

3.1

Average annual 

suspended-sediment 

yield 

(kg x 10 3 /km2 /yr)

9.4

2.7

3.1

4.1

1.7
TABLES 51 

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982

[Standing stock in units per milliliter. Samples taken 0.5 meter below water surface]

Site 

location 

nuraber : 1 I 

Time: 0934 1605 

Tide : Flood Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Bory

Cocconeis Ehr.

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Nitzschia Has s. 408 3.6

Biddulphiales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

Ceratulina H.Perag. 294 9.5 408 3.6

Chaetoceraceae 

Chaetoceros Ehr. 59 1.9 204 1.8

Eupodiscales 

Coscinodiscaceae 

Coscinodiscus Ehr. 147 4.8 204 1.8

Cyclotella Kutz. 102 .9 

Melosira Ag. 306 2.7

Skeletonema Grev. 59 1.9 408 3.6

Stephanopyxis Ehr. 102 .9 

Thalassiosira Cl.

Eupodiscaceae 

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Hass. 29 .9 102 .9

Cymatosira Grun. 102 .9 

Fragilaria Lyng. 

Licmophora Ag. 29 .9 

Opephora Petit 

Synedra Ehr. 

Thalassionema Grun. 408 3.6

Naviculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr. 29 .9 

Entomoneidaceae 

Entomoneis Ehr. 59 1.9

Naviculaceae 

Donkinia Ralfs

Navicula Bory 29 .9

Pleurosigma W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun. 29 .9 

Rhizosoleniales 

Rhizosoleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia (Ehr.)Bright. 265 8.6

Chlorophyta 

Chlorophyceae 

Chlorococcales 

Oocystaceae 

Ereaosghaera Debary 29 .9

Oocystis Nageli 

Volvocales 

ChlamydoBonadaceae 

Chlamydononas Ehr. 530 17.2 1,630 14.4 

Volvocaceae 

Pandorina Bory

2 2 

1030 1625 

Flood Ebb

Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total

279 3.5 1,701 16.0 

139 1.7 

418 5.2

279 3.5 189 1.8 

70 .9

139 1.7 378 3.6

70 .9 6.2 

662

95 .9

209 2.6 

139 1.7 189 1.8

1,255 15.7 1,701 16.0

Unknown Flagellated Chlorophyte
52 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number : 1

Time: 0934

Tide: Flood

Taxa Standing Percent

stock of total

Chrysophyta

Chrysophyceae

Chrontulinales

Chrysococcaceae

Chrysococcus Krebs 559 18.1

Ochromonadales

Dinobryaceae

Dinobryon Ehr.

Kephyriopsis (Pseudokephyrion) Schiller 177 5.7

Unknown Flagellated Chrysophyte 353 11.4

Cyanophyta

Cyanophyceae

Chroococcales

Chroococcaceae

Anacystis Meneghini

Agmenellum Breb.

Gomphosphaeria Kutz.

Euglenophyta

Euglenophyceae

Euglenales

Euglenaceae

Euglena Ehr.

Trachelomonas Ehr.

Pyrrhophyta

Desmokontae

Desmomonadales

Prorocentraceae

Prorocentrun Ehr. 59 1.9

Dinophyceae

Dinokontae

Ceratiaceae

Ceratium Schrank 29 .9

Gymnod in lac eae

Gymnodinium Stein

Peridiniaceae

Peridinium Ehr. 29 .9

1 2 2

1605 1030 1625

Ebb Flood Ebb

Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent

stock of total stock of total stock of total

2,955 26.1 2,650 33.1 662 6.2

1,528 13.5 1,046 13.1 2,079 19.6

1,121 9.9 756 7.1

95 1.2

95 1.2 392 3.7

408 3.6 209 2.6 189 1.8

70 .9

209 2.6

Unknown Zoo spores 29 .9

Totals, in units per milliliter 3,087 100 11,313 100 7,999 100 10,600 100
TABLES 53

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number : 7 7 

Time: 1120 1720 

Tide: Flood Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Bory

Cocconeis Ehr.

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Nitzschia Hass. 327 4.7 169 4.5

Biddulphiales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 34 .9

Ceratulina H.Perag.

Chaetoceraceae 

Chaetoceros Ehr. 523 7.5 305 8.2

Eupodiscales 

Coscinodiscaceae 

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

Cyclotella Kutz. 327 4.7 68 1.8 

Helosira Ag.

Skeletonema Grev. 1,243 17.9 406 10.9

Stephanopyxis Ehr. 

Thalassiosira Cl.

Eupodiscaceae 

Actinocyclus Ehr. 34 .9 

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Hass. 34 .9

Cymatosira Grun. 458 6.6 

Fragilaria Lyng. 

Licmophora Ag. 

Opephora Petit 65 .9 

Synedra Ehr. 34 .9 

Thalassionema Grun.

Naviculales 

Cymbal laceae 

Amphora Ehr. 

Ent omone i dac eae 

Entomoneis Ehr.

Naviculaceae 

Donkinia Ralfs 

Navicula Bory 65 .9 34 .9

Pleurosigma W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun. 

Rhizosoleniales 

Rhizosoleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia (Ehr.)Bright. 271 7.3

Chlorophyta 

Chlorophyceae 

Chlorococcales 

Oocystaceae 

Eremosphaera Debary 

Oocystts Nageli 34 .9 

Volvocales 

Chlamydomonadaceae 

Chlamydomonas Ehr. 1,046 15.1 575 15.4

Volvocaceae 

Pandorina Bory

8 8 

1000 1610 

Flood Ebb

Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total

995 10.5 511 4.5

71 .8 

102 .9

497 5.4

426 4.7 

818 7.2

710 7.8 307 2.7 

71 .8

71 .8 

71 .8

205 1.8 

1,705 18.7 2,455 21.6

Unknown Flagellated Chlorophyte
54 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number :

Time:

Tide:

7

1120

Flood

7

1720

Ebb

8

1000

Flood

8

1610

Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total stock of total stock of total

Chrysophyta 

Chrysophyceae 

Chromulinales 

Chrysococcaceae

Chrysococcus Krebs 

Ochromonadales 

Dinobryaceae

Dinobryon Ehr.

Kephyriopsis (Pseudokephyrion)

Schiller 

Unknown Flagellated Chrysophyte

Cyanophyta 

Cyanophyceae 

Chroococcales 

Chroococcaceae

Anacystis Meneghini 

Agaenellum Breb. 

Gomphosphaeria Kutz.

Euglenophyta 

Buglenophyceae 

Euglenales 

Euglenaceae

Euglena Ehr. 

Trachelomonaa Ehr.

Pyrrhophyta 

Desmokontae 

Desmomonadales 

Prorocentraceae

Prorocentrun Ehr. 

Dinophyceae 

Dinokontae 

Ceratiaceae

Ceratiua Schrank 

Gymnodinia ceae

Gynnodinl.ua Stein 

Peridiniaceae

Peridiniun Ehr.

Unknown Zoospores

523

1,700

262

7.5

24.5 

3.8

65 .9

169

68

1,151

102

4.5

1.8

30.9 

2.7

497

852

1,279

5.4

9.3

14.0

818

2,966

1,330

307

102

7.2

26.1

11.7

818 9.0

68 1.8 426 4.7 307 2.7

2.7 

.9

Totals, in units per nilliliter >,931 100 3,725 100 9,128 100 11,353 100
TABLES 55

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number :

Time:

Tide:

10

1020

Flood

10

1625

Ebb

13

1055

Flood

13

1705

Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total stock of total stock of total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae

Achnanthes Bory

Cocconeis Ehr. 

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae

Nitzschia Hass. 

Biddulphiales 

Biddulphiaceae

Biddulphia Gray

Ceratulina H.Perag. 

Chaetoceraceae

Chaetoceros Ehr. 

Eupodiscales 

Coscinodiscaceae

Cogcinodiscus Ehr.

Cyclotella Kutz.

Melosira Ag.

Skeletonema Grev.

Stephanopyxig Ehr.

Thalassiosira Cl. 

Eupodiscaceae

Actinocyclua Ehr. 

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae

Astertonella Hass.

Cymatosira Grun.

Fragilaria Lyng.

Licmophora Ag.

Opephora Petit

Synedra Ehr.

Thalaggjonena Grun. 

Naviculales 

Cymbellaceae

Amphora Ehr. 

Entononeidaceae

Entomoneis Ehr. 

Naviculaceae

Donkinia Ralfs

Navicula Bory

Pleurosigma W.Sn.

Scollopleura Grun. 

Rhizosoleniales 

Rhizosoleniaceae

Rhizogolenla (Ehr.)Bright.

641

107

214

641

534

5.5

.9

1.8 

5.5

4.6

717

119

5.1 

.9

197 2.0 689 5.7

119

836

.9 

6.0

197

197

494

2.0 

4.9

344

344

115

2,8 

2.8

.9

427 3.7

358

119

2.6 

.9 99 1.0 115 .9

214 1.8

119

119

.9

.9 99 1.0 459 3.8

Chlorophyta 

Chlorophyceae 

Chlorococcales 

Oocystaceae

Ereaoaphaera Debary 

Oocystis Nagell 

Volvocales 

Chlamydononadaceae

Chlamydomonag Ehr. 

Volvocaceae

Pandorina Bory 

Unknown Flagellated Chlorophyte

239 1.7

2,671 22.9 2,987 21.5 2,172 21.6 3,789 31.3

1,602 13.8 836 6.0 691 6.9 804 6.6
56 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 10 10

Time: 1020 1625

Tide: Flood Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent

stock of total stock of total

Chrysophyta

Chrysophyceae

Chromulinales

Chrysococcaceae

Chrysococcus Krebs 855 7.3 1,792 12.9

Ochromonadales

Dinobryaceae

Dinobryon Ehr . 68 . 5

Kephyriopsis (Pseudokephyrion) 1,602 13.8 1,792 12.9

Schiller

Unknown Flagellated Chrysophyte 855 7.3 1,553 11.2

Cyanophyta

Cyanophyceae

Chroococcales

Chroococcaceae

Anacystis Meneghini 107 .9

Agmenellum Breb.

Gomphosphaeria Kutz.

Euglenophyta

Euglenophyceae

Euglenales

Euglenaceae

Euglena Ehr.

Trachelomonas Ehr. 961 8.3 1.672 12.0

Pyrrhophyta

Desmokontae

Desmomonadales

Prorocentraceae

Prorocentrua Ehr. 214 1.8 478 3.4

Dinophyceae

Dinokontae

Ceratiaceae

Ceratiun Schrank

Gymnodiniaceae

Gymnodiniua Stein

Peridiniaceae

Peridinium Ehr.

13 13

1055 1705

Flood Ebb

Standing Percent Standing Percent

stock of total stock of total

790 7.8 524 4.3

2,863 28.4 1,493 12.3

592 5.9 574 4.7

99 1.0

1,283 12.7 2,411 19.9

296 2.9 459 3.8

Unknown Zoospores

Totals, in units per milliliter 11,645 100 13,923 100 10,069 100 12,120 100
TABLES 57

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number :

Time:

Tide:

14

1110

Flood

14

1710

Ebb

15

1120

Flood

15

1725

Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total stock of total stock of total

Bac illariophyta 

Bac illariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae

Achnanthes Bory

Cocconeis Ehr. 

Bacillarlalles 

Nitzschiaceae

Nitzschia Hass. 

Biddulphiales 

Biddulphiaceae

Biddulphia Gray

Ceratulina H.Perag. 

Chaetoceraceae

Chaetoceros Ehr. 

Eupodiscales 

Coscinodlscaceae

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

Cyclotella Kutz.

Melosira Ag.

Skeletonena Grev.

Stephanopyxis Ehr.

Thalassiosira Cl. 

Eupod is cac eae

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae

Asterionella Hass.

Cymatosira Grun.

Fragilaria Lyng.

Licmophora Ag.

Opephora Petit

Synedra Ehr.

Thalaaaionema Grun. 

Navlculales 

Cymbellaceae

Amphora Ehr. 

Entomoneidaceae

Entomonets Ehr. 

Naviculaceae

Donkinia Ralfs

Navicula Bory

Pleuroaigma W.Sm.

Scoliopleura Grun. 

Rhlzosoleniales 

Rhizosoleniaceae

Rhizosolenta (Ehr.)Bright.

601 4.1 327 3.0 611 4.1 827 7.2

361

481

2.5 

3.3

94

188

188

.8 

1.7

1.7

102

509

306

306

102

.7 

3.4

2.1 

2.1

.7

207

207

1.8

1.8

94 .8

240

361

1.7 

2.5

120 .8

188

188

1.7

1.7

102

102

.7

.7

Chlorophyta 

Chlorophyceae 

Chlorococcales 

Oocystaceae

Eremosphaera Debary 

Oocystts Nageli 

Volvocales 

Chlamydomonadaceae

Chlamydomonas Ehr. 

Volvocaceae

Pandorina Bory 

Unknown Flagellated Chlorophyte

361 2.5 103 .9

4,207 29.0 3,297 29.8 5,502 37.0 4,342 37.6

962 6.6 94 .8 408 2.7 602 5.2
58 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 14

Time: 1110

Tide: Flood

Taxa Standing Percent

stock of total

Chrysophyta

Chrysophyceae

Chromulinales

Chr y s oc occaceae

Chrysococcus Krebs 721 5.0

Oc hr omonadales

Dinobryaceae

Dinobryon Ehr.

Kephyriopsis (Pseudokephyrion) 1,803 12.4

Schiller

Unknown Flagellated Chrysophyte 1,202 8.3

Cyanophyta

Cyanophyceae

Chroococcales

Chroococcaceae

Anacystis Meneghini

Agaensllum Breb.

Gomphosphaeria Kutz.

Euglenophyta

Euglenophyceae

Euglenales

Euglenaceae

Euglena Ehr. 120 .8

Trachelomonas Ehr. 2,043 14.1

Pyrrhophyta

Desaokontae

Desaononadales

Prorocentraceae 601 4.1

Prorocentrum Ehr. 214 1.5

Dinophyceae

Dinokontae

Ceratiaceae

Ceratiuffl Schrank

Gyanod iniaceae

GymnodiniuM Stein

Peridiniaceae

Perldlnium Ehr. 120 .8

14 15 15

1710 1120 1725

Ebb Flood Ebb

Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent

stock of total stock of total stock of total

659 6.0 306 2.1 724 6.3

1,884 17.0 2,751 18.5 1,654 14.3

1,130 10.2 1,426 9.6 1,034 8.9

188 1.7 102 .7 103 .9

102 .7

1,978 17.9 1,630 11.0 1,447 12.5

94 .8 204 1.4

478 4.3 296 2.0 103 .9

207 1.8

Unknown Zoospores

Totals, in units per milliliter 14,518 100 11,069 100 14,867 100 11,560 100
TABLES 59 

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Taxa

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

16

1135 

Flood

16

1735 

Ebb

17

1145 

Flood

17

1750 

Ebb

Standing Percent 

stock of total

Standing Percent 

stock of total

Standing Percent 

stock of total

Standing Percent 

stock of total

Bacillariophyta 

Bad liar iophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae

Achnanthes Bory

Cocconeis Ehr. 

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae

Nitzschia Mass. 

Biddulphiales 

Biddulphiaceae

Biddulphia Gray

Ceratulina H.Perag. 

Chaetoceraceae

Chaetoceros Ehr. 

Eupodiscales 

Coscinod iscaceae

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

Cyclotella Kutz.

Melosira Ag.

Skeletoneaa Grev.

Stephanopyxis Ehr.

Thalassiosira Cl. 

Eupodiscaceae

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae

Asterionella Hass.

Cyaatosira Grun.

Fragilaria Lyng.

Ljcmophora Ag.

Opephora Petit

Synedra Ehr.

Thalassioneaa Grun. 

Naviculales 

Cynbellaceae

Amphora Ehr. 

Entomoneidaceae

Entoaoneis Ehr. 

Naviculaceae

Donkinia Ralfs

Navicula Bory

Pleurosigma W.Sm.

Scoliopleura Grun. 

Rhi zosoleniales 

Rhi zosoleniaceae

Rhizosolenia (Ehr.)Bright.

Chlorophyta 

Chlorophyceae 

Chlorococcales 

Oocystaceae

Erenosphaera Debary 

Oocystis Nageli 

Volvocales 

Chlamydomonadaceae

Chlaaydoaonas Ehr. 

Volvocaceae

Pandorina Bory 

Unknown Flagellated Chlorophyte

572 4.9 928 10

191 1.6

95 .8

95 .8

93 1

696

87

87

435

306

102

6.3

.8

.8

3.9 

2.8

381

190

127

254

5.1

2.5

1.7 

3.4

63 .8

371

174

174

1.6

1.6 317 4.2

93 1

4,387 37.7 3,621 39

382 3.3

174 1.6

4,001 36.0 2,285 30.5

174 1.6 127 1.7
60 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number :

Time:

Tide:

16

1135

Flood

16

1735

Ebb

17

1145

Flood

17

1750

Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total stock of total stock of total

Chrysophyta 

Chrysophyceae 

Chromulinales 

Chrysococcaceae

Chrysococcus Krebs 

Ochromonadales 

Dinobryaceae

Dinobryon Ehr.

Kephyriopsis (Pseudokephyrion)

Schiller 

Unknown Flagellated Chrysophyte

Cyanophyta 

Cyanophyceae 

Chroococcales 

Chroococcaceae

Anacystis Heneghini 

Agmenellum Breb. 

Gonphosphaeria Kutz.

Euglenophyta 

Eug1eno phyceae 

Euglenales 

Euglenaceae

Euglena Ehr. 

Trachelottonas Ehr.

Pyrrhophyta 

Desmokontae 

Desnomonadales 

Prorocentraceae

Prorocentrum Ehr. 

Dinophyceae 

Dinokontae 

Ceratiaceae

Ceratium Schrank 

Gymnod iniaceae

Gymnodinium Stein 

Peridiniaceae

Peridinium Ehr.

Unknown Zoospores

382

1,240

1,717

2,289

286

3.3

10.7

14.8

836

186

836

19.7

2.5

2,042

279

22

435

87

2,522

174

4.1

.8 

22.7

1.6

127

63

1,904

254

1.7

1,131 10.2 1,079 14.4

348 3.1 317 4.2

.8 

25.4

3.4

Totals, in units per milliliter 11,636 100 9,285 100 11,125 100 7,488 100
TABLES 61

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 18 18 

Time: 1042 1700 

Tide: Flood Ebb

Taxa Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Bory 276 1.6

Cocconeis Ehr.

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Nitzschia Hass. 935 6.5 689 3.9

Biddulphiales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray

Ceratulina H.Perag.

Chaetoceraceae 

Chaetoceros Ehr. 276 1.6

Eupodiscales 

Coscinodiscaceae 

Coscinodiscus Ehr. 413 2.3

Cyclotella Kutz. 138 .8 

Helosira Ag.

Skeletonema Grev. 134 .9 138 .8

Stephanopyxis Ehr. 

Thalasslosira Cl. 401 2.8

Eupodiscaceae 

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Hass.

Cynatosira Grun. 134 .9 

Fragilaria Lyng. 

Licmophora Ag. 

Opephora Petit 

Synedra Ehr. 267 1.9 138 .8 

Thalassionema Grun. 138 .8

Naviculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr. 

Entomoneidaceae 

Entomoneis Ehr.

Naviculaceae 

Donkinia Ralfs

Navicula Bory 134 .9 138 .8

Pleurosigma W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

Rhizosoleniales 

Rhizosoleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia (Ehr.)Bright. 401 2.8 413 2.3

Chlorophyta 

Chlorophyceae 

Chlorococcales 

Oocystaceae 

Eremosphaera Debary 

Oocystis Nageli 

Volvocales 

Chlamydomonadaceae 

Chlamydomonas Ehr. 5,474 38.0 6,615 37.2 

Volvocaceae 

Pandorina Bory

Unknown Flagellated Chlorophyte 801 5.6 551 3.1

22 22 

1150 1745 

Flood Ebb

Standing Percent Standing Percent 

stock of total stock of total

88 .8 

265 2.5 200 1.8

300 2.7

200 1.8

100 .9 

970 9.2 499 4.5

88 .8

441 4.2

2,998 28.6 3,495 31.3 

176 1.7
62 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 12. Phytoplankton standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 18

Time: 1042

Tide: Flood

Taxa Standing Percent

stock of total

18

1700

Ebb

Standing Percent

stock of total

22

1150

Flood

Standing Percent

stock of total

22

1745

Ebb

Standing Percent

stock of total

Chrysophyta 

Chrysophyceae 

Chromullnales 

Chrysococcaceae

Chryaococcus Krebs 

Ochroaonadales 

Dlnobryaceae

Dlnobryon Ehr.

Kephyrtopsls (Pseudokephyrlon)

Schiller 

Unknown Flagellated Chrysophyte

Cyanophyta 

Cyanophyceae 

Chroococcales 

Chroococcaceae

Anacystls Meneghlnl 

Agmenellum Breb. 

Gomphosphaerla Kutz.

Euglenophyta 

Euglenophyceae 

Euglenales 

Euglenaceae

Euglena Ehr. 

Tracheloaonas Ehr.

Pyrrhophyta 

Desaokontae 

Desaomonadales 

Prorocentraceae

Prorocentrum Ehr. 

Dlnophyceae 

Dlnokontae 

Ceratlaceae

Ceratlun Schrank 

GymnodInlaceae

Gynnodtntua Stein 

Perldlnlaceae

Perldlnlum Ehr.

Unknown Zoospores

401

1,469

1,335

134

2,003

401

2.8

.9 

13.9

2.8

1,240 7.0

1,929

551

617 5.9 1,598 14.3

10.2 2,343 13.2 1,764 16.8 1,897 17.0

9.3 1,378 7.8 1,058 10.1 799 7.2

88 .8

138 .8

10.9

3.1

176

1,675

1.7 

16.0

276 1.6 88 .8

1,797

100

17.7

.9

Totals, In units per mllllllter 14,424 100 17,778 100 10,492 100 11,167 100
TABLES 63

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982

[Standing stock in valves per milliliter. Samples taken 0.5 meter below water surface]

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

1

0934 

Flood

1

1605 

Ebb

2

1030 

Flood

2

1625 

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillarlophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subsp. lorenziana 

A. cuvirostrua Grun. 

A. hauckiana Grun. 

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 

A", linearis (W.Sm.)Grun. 

A. minutissima Kutz. 

A. temperei M. Perag. 

Cocconeis Ehr. 

C. costata Greg. 

C. diminuta Pant. 

C. disculus (Schum.)Cl. 

C. distans Greg. 

C. scutellum Ehr.

16 0.8 41 1.8

12 1.4

.5 24 1.3

17

25

0.9 

1.4 10 .5

Bacillarialles

Nitzschlaceae

Bacillaria GB si.

B. paradoxa Gmel. 

Cylindrotheca Rabh.

C. closterium (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew. 

Hantzschia Grun.

H. amphioxys v» minor Perag. and Perag.

Nitzschia Hass.

N. amphibia Grun.

N. brittoni Hag.

N. clausii Uantz.

N. coamunis Rabh.

N. compressa (Bail.)Boyer

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs

N. dissipata (Kutz.)Grun.

N. fasciculata (Grun.)Grun.

N. filiformis (W.Sm.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun.

N. frustulua (Kutz.)Grun.

N. granulata Grun.

N. hungarica Grun.

N. longissiaa (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenziana v. subtilis Grun.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. navicularis (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelliformis Grun.

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm.

N. panduriformis Greg.

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun.

N. scolaris (Ehr.)W.Sm.

N. sigma (Kutz.)W.Sm.

N. stagsorua (Rabh.)Grun.

N. sublinearis Hust.

N. theraalis v. Minor Hilse

N. triblionella Hantz.

Epithemiales 

Epithemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. muscula (Kutz.)O.Mull. 

R. muscula v. constricta (Breb.) 

Perag. and Perag.

20

20

.9

.9

.5

16

16

16

16

39

8

.8

.8 

.8

.8

2.1

.4

76 4.1

20

132

.9

6.0
64 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number : 1 

Time: 0934 

Tide: Flood

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey 8 0.9

B. granulata Roper 16 1.9

B. jmlchella Gray

Eucampia Ehr. 

Eunotogjranna Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. marinum (W.Sm.)Perag.

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thanensis Shrub. 16 1.9

Terpsinoe Ehr. 

T. musica Ehr.

Triceratiun Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulun Ehr.

Coscinodiscaceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust. 12 1.4

A. sp. #1

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp. #1 12 1.4

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun. 12 1.4

C. excentricus Ehr. 8 .9

C. lineatus Ehr. 48 5.6

C. narginatus Ehr. 8 .9

C. nitidus Greg. 32 3.7

C. radiatus Ehr. 44 5.1

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atomus Hust.

C. Beneghiniana Kutz. 24 2.8

C. striata (Kutz.)Grun. 55 6.5

Cylindropyxis Hendey 

C. tremulas Hendey 8 .9

Hemidiscus Wall.

H. weissflogi (Grun.)Hust.

Melosira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nunmuioides (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 16 1.9

Podosira Ehr.

P. stelliger (Bail.)Mann

Skeletonema Grev.

"s". costatum (Grev.)Cl.

Stephanopyxis (Ehr.) 

S. turris (Grev.)Ralfs

Thalassiosira Cl.

T. decipiens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilis Hust.

1 2 2 

1605 1030 1625 

Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

16 0.8 34 1.8 

17 .9

16 .8

17 .9 31 1.4 

16 .8 17 .9

24 1.3 17 .9 

17 .9 10 .5

85 4.6 20 .9 

31 1.7 59 3.2 31 1.4

63 3.3 76 4.1 71 3.2 

39 2.1 17 .9 51 2.3

34 1.8 41 1.8 

24 1.3 85 4.6 51 2.3

24 1.3

47 2.5 

24 1.3 8 .5

41 1.8 

16 .8 34 1.8

Eupodiscaceae 

Auliscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr.

E. radiatus Bail.
TABLES 65 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number : 1 

Time : 0934 

Tide : Flood

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Rhizosoleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia Bright.

R. delicatula Cl. 87 10.2

R. fragilissima Berg. 48 5.6

R. setigera Bright 24 2.8

R. stolterfothii H. Perag. 32 3.7

R. sp. fl

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Hass.

A. japonica Cl.

Camplosira Grun. 

C. cynbelliformis (A.S.)Grun. 

Cyaatosira Grun. 

C. belgica Grun. 147 17.2

C. lorensiana Grun.

Dimeregramma Ralfs

D. maculatum (Cl.)Freng.

Eunotia Ehr.

E. suecica Cl.

Fragilaria Lyng. 

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun.

F. lapponica Grun.

Glyphodesmis Grev. 

G. distans (Greg.)Grun.

Opephora Petit 

0. martyi Herib.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petit

0. swartzii (Grun.)Petit

Plagtogramma Grev. 

P. jpulchellum v. pjrgjaaea (Grev.)

Perag. and Perag. 

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Heib.

P. vanheurckii Grun.

P. wallichianum Grev.

R ha phone is Ehr. 

R. amphiceros (Ehr.)Ehr.

R. grossenpunctata Bust. 

R. surirella (Ehr.)Grun. 16 1.9

R. surirella v. australis Petit

R. sp. tl

Synedra Ehr. 

S. anphicephala v. austriaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. fasiculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr.

Tabellaria Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz.

Thallasiothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldii (Grun.)Grun. 44 5.1

T. longissima Cl. and Grun.

Trachysphenia Petit 

T. acuminata Perag.

1 2 2 

1605 1030 1625 

Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

94 5.0 85 4.6 71 3.2 

94 5.0 119 6.4 224 10.1 

16 .8 20 .9 

31 1.7

16 .8 

8 .4

567 30.1 711 38.4 610 27.6 

16 .8 20 .9

63 3.3 68 3.7 

41 1.8

16 .8 

79 4.2 17 .9

Naviculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr.

A. angusta v. ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. calumetica (Thorn, and Wolle)H.Perag.

A. acutiuscula Kutz.

A. ovalis (Kutz.)Kutz.

A. perpus11la Grun.

A. proteoides Bust. 

Cymbella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz.

.5

20 .9

17 .9

16 .8
66 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

1

0934 

Flood

1

1605 

Ebb

2

1030 

Flood

2

1625 

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Gonphonemaceae 

Gomphoneaa Ehr. 

G. tripunctatum v. elongata (Perag. and

Herlb.) Patr,

Entononeidaceae 

Entomonels Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plaglotropis Pfltz.

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Relm.

Navlculaceae

Anomonels Pfitz.

A. gp77l 

Caloneis Cl.

C. oregonlca (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. boabus Ehr.

D. dldyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalis v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schum.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulia Rabh.

F. interposita (Lewis)Cl. 

Gyrosigma Uass.

G. exilis (Grun.)Rela.

G. exiaiua (Thwaltes)Boyer 

Mastogloia Thwaltes

M. apiculata W.Sa.

M. ainutlssma Voigt

M. pumila v. papuarua Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. anaophlla Grun.

N. anglica v. subsalsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. formenterae Cl.

N. gregaria Donk.

N. huaai Bust.

N. ilopangoengjg Bust.

N. lancaolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. litoricola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfs

N. aenlsculus Schum.

N. aicrocephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

N. alnuscula Grun.

N. muralis Grun.

17 0.9

24 1.3

20 2.3

71

31

3.2 

1.4

16 .8

17

71 3.8

.9

.5

20 .9

N. nutlea Kutz.

N. autlca v. cohnll (Hilse)Grun.

N. autica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculosa Hilse

N. pupula v. autata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pygaaaa Kutz.

N. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. scopulorum Breb.

41 1.8

16 .8 20 .9
TABLES 67 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 

Time: 0934 

1122

1605 1030 1625

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. severeignae Bust.

N. tenelloides Bust. 16 0.8 71 3.2

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun.

N. spp. 40 4.7 51 2.7 20 .9 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigma W.Sm.

P. angulatua (Quek.)U.Sm. 8 .9

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm. 8 .9 17 .9

P. delicatulum W.Sm. 8 .9 17 .9 31 1.4

P. haauliferum Brun.

P. naviculaceum Breb. 8 .9

P. salinarum TGrun.)Grun.

P. speciosua W.Sn. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Caaplodiscus Ehr.

C. birostratus Deby. 

Surirella Turpin 

S. gemaa Ehr. 

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per milliliter 851 100.0 1,881 100.0 1,885 100.0 2,207 100.0
68 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

7

1120 

Flood

7

1720 

Ebb

8

1000 

Flood

8

1610 

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subsp. lorenzlana 

A. cuvirostrum Grun. 

A. hauckiana Grun. 

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 

A. linearis (W.Sm.)Grun. 

A. minutissima Kutz. 

A. temperei H. Perag. 

Cocconeis Ehr. 

C. costata Greg. 

C. diminuta Pant. 

C. disculus (Schum.)Cl. 

C. distans Greg. 

C. scutelluB Ehr.

65 2.2 47

31

31

1.4

.9

.9

113 2.6

47 1.3

75

38

1.8 

.9

Baclllarialles 

Mitzschiaceae 

Baclllarla Gmel.

B. paradoxa Gael. 

Cylindrotheca Rabh.

C. closCerium (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew. 

Hantzschia Grun.

H. amphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag. 

Hitzschia Hass.

H. amphibia Grun.

H. brtttoni Hag.

N. clausii Hantz.

H. communis Rabh.

N. compressa (Bail.)Boyer

H. constricts (Kutz.)Ralfs

N. disstpata (Kutz.)Grun.

H. fasctculata (Grun.)Grun.

N. filiformis (W.Sm.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun.

N. frustulum (Kutz.)Grun.

H. granulata Grun.

N. hungarica Grun.

H. longissima (Breb.)Grun.

H. lorenziana v. subtilts Grun.

H. microcephala Grun.

N. navicularis (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelliformis Grun.

H. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm.

N. pandurifonais Greg.

N. parvula W.Sm.

H. romana Grun.

N. scolaris (Ehr.)W.Sm.

N. sigma (Kutz.)W.Sm.

N. stagaorum (Rabh.)Grun.

N. sublinearis Bust.

H. thermalis v. minor Hilse

N. triblionella Hantz.

52

26

52

13

13

79

209

1.7

.9

1.7

.4

.4 

2.6

6.9

16

93

31

31

31

31

202

31

.5

2.8

38 .9

32

32

32

.9 

.9 

.9

6.1

.9

38

207

.9

4.8 252

32

7.0 

.9

31 .9

Epithemiales 

Epithemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Hull. 

R. muscula (Kutz.)0.Mull. 

R. muscula v. constricts (Breb.) 

Perag. and Perag.

16 .4
TABLES 69

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number : 7 

Time: 1120 

Tide: Flood

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Eupod iscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey

B. granulata Roper

B. pulchella Gray

Eucampia Ehr. 

Eunotogramma Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. aarinua (W.Sa.)Perag. 65 2.2

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thamensis Shrub. 16 1.9

Terpsinoe Ehr. 

T. ausica Ehr.

Triceratiua Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulua Ehr.

Coscinodiscaceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs 26 .9

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

A. sp. #1

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp. ll 79 2.6

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr.

C. lineatus Ehr. 26 .9

C. aarg^inatus Ehr.

C. nitidus Greg. 144 4.8

C. radiatus Ehr. 26 .9

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atoaus Bust. 170 5.6

C. aeneghiniana Kutz. 26 .9

C. striata (Kutz.) Grun. 39 1.3

Cylindropyxis Hendey 

C. tr emu las Hendey 52 1.7

HeaidlscuB Wall.

H. velssflogi (Grun.)Hust. 52 1.7

Melosira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nummuloides (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz.

Podosira Ehr.

P. stelllger (Bail.)Mann 13 .4

Skeletoneaa Grev.

S. costatua (Grev.)Cl.

S tephanopyxis (Ehr.) 

S. turrls (Grev.)Ralfs

Thalasslosira Cl.

T. deciplens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilis Hust.

Eupod iscaceae 

Auliscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail.

Eupodiscus Ehr.

1720 

788 

1000 1610 

Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

151 3.5 32 0.9

32 .9

265 8.0 63 1.7

16 .8

156 4.7 

17 .9 10 .5

62 1.9 38 .9 63 1.7 

113 2.6

78 2.4 113 2.6 268 7.4 

63 1.7

265 8.0 63 1.7 

16 .5 

31 .9 38 .9 47 1.3

47 1.4 32 .9 

47 1.4

16 .5 

265 8.0 113 2.6
70 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

7

1120 

Flood

7

1720 

Ebb

8

1000 

Flood

8

1610 

Ebb

Taxa

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Rhlzo soleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia Bright. 

R. delicatula Cl. 

R. fragilisaima Berg. 

R. setigera Bright 

R. tolterfothii H. Perag. 

R. »p. fl'

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Haas.

26

52

26

0.9

1.7

.9

31

31

31

0.9 

.9

.9

75

113

1.8 

2.6

126

347

32

3.5

9.6

.9

A. japonica Cl. 

Caaploaira Grun. 

C. cy»belliforals (A.S.)Grun.

CyaatOBira Grun. 

C. belglca Grun. 

C. lorensiana Grun.

Diaeregr Ralfs

D. maculatun (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotia Ehr.

E. suecica Cl. 

Fragilaria Lyng.

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun.

628

26

144

20.8 

.9

4.8

685 20.8

31 .9

38

1,750

301

.9

40.8

7.0

710

16

126

19.7 

.4

3.5

F. lapponica Grun. 

Glyphodesais Grev.

G. distans (Greg.)Grun. 

Opephora Petit

0. martyi Herib.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petit

0. swarttil (Grun.)Petit 

Plagiograaaa Grev.

P. pulchellua v. pygmaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorua (Greg.)Heib.

P. vanheurckii Grun.

P. wallichianmi Grev. 

Rhaphoneia Ehr.

R. aaphlceroa (Ehr.)Ehr.

R. grossenpunctata Hust.

R. surlrella (Ehr.)Grun.

R. surirella v. auatralis Petit

R. «p. II 

Synedra Ehr.

S. amphicephala v.

52 1.7 47 1.4 38 .9 16 .4

austriaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. fasiculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellaria Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallaaiothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldii (Grun.)Grun.

T. longissima Cl. and Grun. 

Trachyaphenia Petit

T. actminata Perag.

Naviculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Aaphora Ehr.

A. angusta v. ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. caluaetica (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutiuscula Kutz.

A. ovalis (KuFz.)Kutz.

A. perpusilla Grun.

A. proteoides Hust. 

Cyabella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz.

26 .9 38

19

.9 

.4

32 .9
TABLES 71 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

7

1120 

Flood

7

1720 

Ebb

8

1000 

Flood

8

1610 

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Gomphonemaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr. 

G. tripunctatum v. elongata (Perag. and

Herib.)Patr,

Entomoneidaceae 

Entomoneis Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagiotropis Pfitz.

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Reim.

Naviculaceae

Anomoneis Pfitz.

A. sp.Tl 

Caloneis Cl.

C. oregonica (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. boabus Ehr.

D. didyaa (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalis v. oblongella (Maeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schum.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulia Rabh.

P. interposita (Lewis)C1. 

Gyrosigma Hass.

G. exilis (Grun.)Reim.

G. eximium (Thwaites)Boyer 

Mastogloia Thwaites

M. apiculata W.Sm.

M. minutissaa Voigt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. ammophila Grun.

N. anglica v. subsalsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. formenterae Cl.

N. gregaria Donk.

N. humai Hust.

N. ilopangoensis Hust.

N. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. litoricola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. narioa Ralfs

N. menisculus Schun.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

N. minuscula Grun.

N. muralis Grun.

N. mutica Kutz.

N. mutica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

N. mutica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculosa Hilse

N. pupula v. mutata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pygaaea Kutz.

N. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. scopulorua Breb.

52 1.7

31 0.9

38 0.9 47 1.3

47 1.3

16 .4

26 .9

52 1.7 62 1.9 79 2.2

31 .9

26 .9

31 .9 38 .9

26 .9

52 1.7

171 5.2
72 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

Time: 

number: 

1120 

7788

1720 1000 1610

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. sovereignae Bust.

N. tenelloides Bust. 75 1.8 32 0.9

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun.

N. spp. 79 2.6 47 1.4 113 2.6 63 1.7 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigma W.Sm.

P. angulatun (Quek.)W.Sm. 26 .9

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm.

P. delicatulun W.Sm. 26 .9 75 1.8

P. hamuliferum Brun.

P. naviculaceum Breb.

P. salinarum (Grun.)Grun.

P. speciosum W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodiscus Ehr.

C. birostratus Deby. 

Surirella Turpin 

S. gemma Ehr. 

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per milliliter 3,024 100.0 3,229 100.0 4,291 100.0 3,614 100.0
TABLES 73 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

10

1020 

Flood

10

1625

Ebb

13

1055 

Flood

13

1705

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Ac hnan t hac eae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjlckll subsp. lorenziana 

A. cuvirostrum Grun. 

A. hauckiana Grun. 

A. lanceolata v. dubla Grun. 

A. linearls (W.Sm.)Grun. 

A. minutissima Kutz. 

A. temperei M. Perag. 

Cocconeis Ehr. 

C. costata Greg. 

C. diminuta Pant. 

C. disculus (Schua.)Cl. 

C. dietana Greg. 

C. scutellum Ehr.

Baclllarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Bacillaria Gael.

B. paradoxa Gael. 

Cylindrotheca Rabh.

C. closteriua (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew. 

Hantsschia Grun.

H. aaphioxys v. ainor Perag. and Perag. 

Nitzschia HasB.

N. amphibia Grun.

N. brittoni Hag.

N. clausii Hantz.

N. coaaunis Rabh.

N. coapressa (Bail.)Boyer

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs

N. dissipata (Kutz.)Grun.

N. fasciculata (Grun.)Grun.

N. filiforais (W.Sm.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun.

N. frustulua (Kutz.)Grun.

N. granulata Grun.

N. hungarica Grun.

N. longisslaa (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenziana v. subtilis Grun.

N. aicrocephala Grun.

N. naviculariB (Breb.)Grun.

M. obtuea W.Sa.

N. obtusa v. scalpelliforaiB Grun.

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sa.

N. panduriforaiB Greg.

N. parvula W.Sa.

N. roaana Grun.

N. scolaris (Ehr.)W.Sa.

N. sigaa (Kutz.)W.Sa.

N. stagsorua (Rabh.)Grun.

N. Bublinearis Bust.

N. theraalis v. ainor Hilse

N. triblionella Hantz.

21 0.9 16 0.5 17 1.0 35

35

0.9

.9

81 2.3

21

41

21

21

.9

1.8

.9

.9

82 3.6

33

65

33

488

33

.9

1.9

.9

14.0 

.9

17

35

157

44

1.0

2.0

8.8 

2.4

18

35

35

18

35

247

.4 

.9

.9

.4 

.9

6.0

Epithemiales 

Epitheaiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. auscula (Kutz.)O.Mull. 

R. auscula v. constricta (Breb.) 

Perag. and Perag.
74 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 10 

Time: 1020 

Tide: Flood

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey

B. granulata Roper

B. pulchella Gray

Eucaapia Ehr. 

Eunotograaaa Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. aarinua (W.Sm.)Perag. 52 2.3

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thamensis Shrub. 21 .9

Terpslnoe Ehr. 

T. musica Ehr.

Triceratiua Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulua Ehr.

Co sc inod is caceae 

Actlnoptychus Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

A. sp. tl

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp. fl

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr. 41 1.8

C. lineatus Ehr. 31 1.4

C. aarginatus Ehr.

C. nitidus Greg. 21 .9

C. radiatus Ehr. 41 1.8

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atoaus Bust.

C. aeneghiniana Kutz. 10 .5

C. striata (Kutz.)Grun. 31 1.4

Cylindropyxls Hendey 

C. treaulas Hendey 41 1.8

Hemidiscus Wall.

H. weissflogi (Grun.)Hust.

Melosira Ag. 

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nuaauloides (Dillw.)Ag. 21 .9

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz.

Podosira Ehr.

P. stelliger (Bail.)Mann

Skeletoneaa Grev.

S. cos tat ua (Grev.)Cl.

Stephanopyxts (Ehr.) 

S. turris (Grev . )Ralf s

Thalassiosira Cl.

T. decipiens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilis Bust.

10 13 13 

1625 1055 1705 

Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

33 0.9 

9 0.5 35 0.9

17 1.0 35 .9

17 1.0

163 4.7 17 1.0 

65 1.9 35 .9 

65 1.9 87 4.9 212 5.2 

49 1.4 44 2.4 35 .9

26 1.5 

33 .9 35 2.0 

81 2.3 44 2.4 18 .4

35 .9

17 1.0 71 1.7 

33 .9 17 1.0

Eupodiscaceae 

Aullscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr. 

E. radiatus Bail.
TABLES 75 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

10

1020 

Flood

10

1625

Ebb

13

1055 

Flood

13

1705

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

StandIng of 

stock total

Percent 

StandIng of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Rhlzosolenlaceae 

Rhlzosolenla Bright. 

R. dellcatula Cl. 

R. fraglllsslma Berg. 

R. setlgera Bright 

R. stolterfothll B. Perag. 

R. sp. II

Fragllarlales 

Fragllarlaceae 

Astertone1la Mass.

A. japonlca Cl. 

CamplesIra Grun.

C. cyabelllforals (A.S.)Grun. 

Cyaatoslra Grun.

C. belglca Grun.

C. lorenslana Grun. 

Dlaeregraama Ralfs

D. maculatun (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotla Ehr.

113

144

5.0 

6.3

33

374

33

0.9 

10.7

.9

52

157

17

2.9 

8.8 

1.0

671

35

16.3 

.9

E. suecica Cl. 

Fragllarla Lyng. 

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun.

525

21

21

23.1 

.9

.9

F. lapponlca Grun. 

Glyphodesmls Grev.

G. dlstans (Greg.)Grun. 

Opephora Petit

0. nartyl Herlb.

0. paclflca (Grun.)Petlt

0. swartzll (Grun.)Petit 

Plaglogranna Grev.

P. pulchellun v. pygnaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorun (Greg.)Helb.

P. vanheurckll Grun.

P. walllchlanun Grev. 

Rhaphonels Ehr.

R. amphlceros (Ehr.)Ehr.

R. grossenpunctata Bust.

R. surlrella (Ehr.)Grun.

R. surlrella v. australls Petit R. sp. If 

Synedra Ehr.

S. anphlcephala

797

16

130

33

22.9 

.5

3.7

.9

444 24.9

17 1.0

71

1,272

141

1.7 

30.9

3.4

33 .9 .5

18

35

.4

.9

v. austriaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. faslculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellarla Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallaslothrlx Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldli (Grun.)Grun.

T. longlssiaa Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenla Petit

T. acunlnata Perag.

98 2.8

62 2.7

Navlculales 

Cyabellaceae 

Amphora Ehr. 

A. angusta v. ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. calunetlca (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutluscula Kutz.

A. ovalls (Kutz.)Kutz.

A. perpusllla Grun.

A. proteoldes Bust. 

Cymbella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz.

21

21

.9 

.9

35

35

.9

.9
76 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

10

1020 

Flood

10

1625

Ebb

13

1055 

Flood

13

1705

Ebb

Taxa

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Gomphonemaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr. 

G. tripuactatun v.

Herib.)P\tr.

Entomoneidaceae 

Entoaoneis Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagiotropia Pfitz.

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Reim.

Naviculaceae

Anomoneia Pfitz. 

A. BpTTi

elongata (Perag. and

Caloneia Cl.

C. oregonica (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneia Ehr.

D. bombu« Ehr.

D. didyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalit v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

P. puella (Scham.TcU 

Donkinia Ralfi

D. recta Grun. 

Fruatulia Rabh.

F. interpoaita (Lewi«)Cl. 

Gyroaigma Has*.

C. exilU (Grun.)Reim.

C. eximiun (Thwaitei)Boyer 

Maatogloia Thwaite*

M. apiculata W.S«.

M. minuti»»ma Voigt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navicula Bory

H. aaaophila Grun.

N. anglica v. «ub«al«a (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. foraenterae Cl.

N. gregaria Donk.

N. humai Hu«t.

N. ilopangoen»i» Hust.

N. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. litoricola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfs

N. »eni»culu» Schum.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

M. minuacula Grun.

N. muralia Grun.

M. mutica Kutz.

N. mutica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

M. mutica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

M. notha Wall.

N. pelliculoaa Hilse

N. papula v. mutata (Kra»ke)Hust.

M. pygmaea Kutz.

M. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. copulorum Breb.

41

10

1.8 

.5

33 0.9 17

17

1.0 

1.0

35

141

35

35

53

0.9 

3.4

.9 

.9

1.3

41 1.8

33 .9

17 1.0

21 .9
TABLES 77

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 10 10 13 13

Time: 1020 1625 1055 1705

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculaceae Cont inued 

Navicala Bory Continued

N. sovereignae Bust.

N. tenelloides Hast. 41 1.8 16 0.5 17 1.0

N. tripuctata (0.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun.

N. spp. 52 2.9 35 0.9 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigaa W.Sa.

P. angulatum (Quek.)W.Sm.

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm.

P. delicatulum W.Sm.

P. hamuliferum Brun.

P. naviculaceum Breb.

P. salinarum (Grun.)Grun.

P. speciosum W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphiozys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl. 35 .9

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodiscus Ehr.

C. birostratus Deby. 

Surirella Turpin 

S. gemma Ehr. 

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per milliliter 2,276 100.0 3,480 100.0 1,786 100.0 4,115 100.0
78 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

14

1110 

Flood

14

1710

Ebb

15

1120 

Flood

15

1725

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bac illariophyceee 

Achnanthalea 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthea Borg

A. baldjickii aubap. lorenziana

A. cuviroatrum Grun. 

A. hauckiana Grun. 

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 

A. linearia (W.Sm.)Grun. 

A. ainutiaaiaa Kutz. 

A. temperet M. Perag. 

Cocconeia Ehr. 

C. coatata Greg. 

C. diainuta Pant. 

C. diaculua (Schua.)Cl. 

C. diatana Greg. 

C. scute Hum Ehr.

33 1.5 93

21

4.1

.9

68

34

2.8 

1.4

25

25

38

1.0

1.0

1.4

Bacillariallaa 

Nitzachiaceae 

Bacillaria Gi si.

B. paradoxa Gael. 

Cylindrotheca Rabh.

C. cloaterium (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew. 

Hantzachia Grun.

H. aaphioxya v. minor Perag. and Perag. 

Mitzachia Haaa.

M. amphibia Grun.

M. brtttont Hag.

N. clauali Hantz.

N. c inia Rabh.

M. compreaaa (Bail.)Boyer

N. conatricta (Kutz.)Ralfa

M. diaaipata (Kutz.)Grun.

M. faaciculata (Grun.)Grun.

M. filiformia (W.Sm.)V.H.

M. fonticola Grun.

M. fruatulum (Kutz.)Grun.

M. granulata Grun.

M. hungarica Grun.

M. longiaaima (Breb.)Grun.

M. lorenziana v. aubtilia Grun.

M. microcephala Grun.

M. navicularia (Breb.)Grun.

M. obtusa W.Sm.

M. obtuaa v. acalpelliformia Grun.

M. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm.

M. panduriformia Greg.

M. parvula W.Sm.

M. romana Grun.

M. acolaria (Ehr.)W.Sm.

M. aigma (Kutz.)W.Sa.

M. atagaorua (Rabh.)Grun.

M. aublinearia Huat.

M. theraalia v. ainor Hilse

N. triblionelle Hantz.

22 1.0 42

42

1.8

1.8

34

23

11

57

1.4

.9

.5

2.4

25 1.0

25

25

76

1.0

1.0 

2.9

44

351

22

2.0

15.6 

1.0

239 10.5 170

45

7.1 

1.9

315

50

12.0 

1.9

Epitheaialea 

Epithealaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. muacula (Kutz.)0.Mull. 

R. muscula v. conatricta (Breb.) 

Parag. and Perag.
TABLES 79 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8,1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 14 14 15 15

Time: 1110 1710 1120 1725

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray

B. aurlta (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey 

B. granulata Roper 

B. pulchella Gray 

Eucampia Ehr.

Eunotograaaa Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. aarinua (W.Sm.)Perag. 45 1.9 

Streptotheca Shrub.

S. thaaenaia Shrub. 

Terpslnoe Ehr.

T. auaica Ehr. 

Triceratiua Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favua Ehr.

T. reticulua Ehr.

Coscinodiscaceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H.

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs 

Actinocyclus Ehr.

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust. 22 1.0 31 1.4 25 1.0

A. ap. fi 

Chaetoceros Ehr. 

~C. ap. f1 ' 

Coacinodiacua Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr. 23 .9 50 1.9

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr. 10 .5

C. lineatus Ehr. 11 .5 25 1.0

C. marginatus Ehr. 22 1.0

C. nitidua Greg. 22 1.0 114 5.0 193 8.0 38 1.4

C. radiatus Ehr. 99 4.4 34 1.4 13 .5 

Cyclotella Kutz.

C. atoms Bust.

C. aeneghiniana Kutz.

C. atriata (Kutz.)Grun. 21 .9 45 1.9 50 1.9 

Cylindropyxis Hendey

C. treaulaa Hendey 

Heaidiacua Wall.

H. weiaaflogi (Grun.)Hust. 31 1.4 

Melosira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nuaauloides (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 22 1.0 93 4.1 38 1.4 

Podoaira Ehr.

P. atelliger (Bail.)Nann 

Skeletonema Grev.

S. coatatua (Grev.)Cl. 45 1.9 

Stephanopyxia (Ehr.) 

~S. turria (Grev.)Ralfa 

Thalaaaioaira Cl.

T. decipiens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilia Huat. 45 1.9

Eupodiacaceae 

Auliacua Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr. 

E. radiatus Bail.
80 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

14

1110 

Flood

14

1710

Ebb

15

1120 

Flood

15

1725

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Rhizoaoleniaceae 

RhizQgolenia Bright. 

R. delicatula Cl. 

R. fragilissima Berg. 

R. getigera Bright 

R. tolterfothii H. Perag. 

R. sp. ll'

Fragilarialeg 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Has*.

A. japonica Cl. 

Camplosira Grun.

C. cymbelliformis (A.S.)Grun. 

Cymatosira Grun.

C. belgica Grun.

C. lorensiana Grun. 

Dimeregraaaa Ralfs

44

318

66

66

2.0

14.1

2.9

2.9

21

145

0.9 

6.4 91 3.8

50

126

38

1.9 

4.8 

1.4

449 20.0

D. maculatum (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotia Ehr.

E. suecica Cl. 

Fragilaria Lyng.

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun. 44 2.0

612

21

83

26.8 

.9

3.6

612

11

25.5 

.5

769

13

25

29.2 

.5

1.0

F. lapponica Grun. 

Glyphodesais Grev.

G. digtang (Greg.)Grun. 

Opcphora Petit

0. martyi Herib.

0. paclfica (Grun.)Petit

0. gwartzii (Grun.)Petit 

Plagiograaaa Grev.

P. pulchellua v. pygnaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Heib.

P. vanheurckii Grun.

P. wallichianum Grev. 

Rhaphoneis Ehr.

R. amphiceros (Ehr.)Ehr.

R. groggenpunctata Hust.

R. gurirella (Ehr.)Grun.

R. gurirella v. australis Petit R. gp. fl' 

Synedra Ehr.

S. amphicephala

22 1.0 21 .9

11

34

.5

1.4

13

76

.5

2.9

v. austriaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. fasiculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellaria Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallasiothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldii (Grun.)Grun.

T. longissima Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenia Petit

T. acuminata Perag.

Naviculaleg 

Cynbellaceae 

Aaphora Ehr.

A. angugta v. ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. calumetica (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutiugcula Kutz.

A. ovalis (Kutz.)Kutz.

A. perpusilia Grun.

A. proteoideg Hust. 

Cymbella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz.

21 .9

11 .5 21 .9 45 1.9 25 1.0
TABLES 81

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

14

1110 

Flood

14

1710

Ebb

15

1120 

Flood

15

1725

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent Percent

Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total

Gomphonemaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr. 

G. trlpunctatum v. elongata (Perag. and

Herlb.)Patr.

Entomoneidaceae 

Entomonels Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagiotropis Pfltz.

P. lepldoptera (Cl.)Relm.

Navlculaceae

Anomoneis Pfltz.

A. sp. II 

Caloneis Cl.

C. oregonlca (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. bonbus Ehr.

D. didyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalis v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schum.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulia Rabh.

F. interposita (Lewis)Cl. 

Gyrosigma Mass.

G. exilis (Grun.)Reim.

G. eximium (Thwaites)Boyer 

Mastogloia Thwaites

M. apiculata W.Sm.

M. minutissma Voigt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. ammophila Grun.

N. anglica v. subsalsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. formenterae Cl.

N. gregaria Donk.

N. humni Hust.

N. ilopangoensis Hust.

N. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. litoricola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfs

N. menisculus Schum.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

N. minuscula Grun.

N. muralis Grun.

N. mutica Kutz.

N. mutica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

N. mutica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculosa Hilse

N. pupula v. mutata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pygmaea Kutz.

N. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. scopulorum Breb.

11 0.5 21

31

10

10

0.9

1.4

.5

.5

13

13

0.5

.5

23 0.9

31 1.4 50 1.9

21 .9

21 .9 11 .5

SO 1.9

25 1.0
82 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 14 14 15 15

Time: 1110 1710 1120 1725

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Maviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. soverelgnae Must.

N. tenelloides Must. 22 1.0 23 0.9

N. trlpuctata (0.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun.

N. spp. 55 2.4 21 0.9 113 4.7 50 1.9 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensls (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. flumlnensls (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigma W.Sa.

P. angulatum (Quek.)W.Sm.

P. aestuarll (Breb.)W.Sa.

P. delicatulum W.Sm. 23 .9

P. hamuliferum Brun.

P. navlculaceum Breb.

P. sallnarum (Grun.)Grun.

P. peciosum W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. pelsonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachynels Cl.

T. aspere (Ehr.)Cl.

Surlrellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodiscus Ehr.

C. blrostratus Deby. 

Surlrella Turpln

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown t&

Totals, In valves per mllllllter 2,247 100.0 2,284 100.0 2,402 100.0 2,633 100.0
TABLES 83

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 16 16 

Time: 1135 1735 

Tide: Flood Ebb

Percent Percent 

Taxa Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subsp. lorenziana

A. cuvirostruB Grim.

A. hauckiana Grim. 54 1.9 92 1.9

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun.

A. linearis (W.Sm.)Grun.

A. minutissima Kutz. 37 .8

A. teaperei M. Perag.

Cocconeis Ehr.

C. cos tat a Greg.

C. diminuta Pant.

C. disculus (Schua.)Cl. 37 .8

C. distant Greg.

C. scutelluB Ehr.

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Bacillaria Gael.

B. paradox* Gael.

Cylindrotheca Rabh. 

C. closteriuB (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew.

Hantzschla Grun.

H. aaphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag.

Nitzschia Mass.

N. amphibia Grun. 54 1.9 55 1.2

N. brittoni Hag.

N. clausii Hantz.

N. comaunis Rabh.

N. coapressa (Bail.)Boyer 27 1.0

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs 55 1.2

N. dissipata (Kutz.)Grun. 37 .8

N. fasciculata (Grun.)Grun.

N. filiforais (W.Sa.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun.

N. frustulua (Kutz.)Grun.

N. _granulata Grun. 54 1.9 18 .4

N. hungarica Grun.

N. longissiaa (Breb.)Grun. 27 1.0

N. lorenziana v. subtilis Grun.

N. aicrocej>hala Grun.

N. navicularis (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa W.Sa.

N. obtusa v. scalpel liforai s Grun.

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sa. 446 16.0 735 15.6 

N. panduriforais Greg. 54 1.9 147 3.1

N. parvula W.Sa.

N. roaana Grun.

N. scolarls (Ehr.)W.Sa.

N. sigaa (Kutz.)W.Sa. 

N. stagsorua (Rabh.)Grun.

N. sublinearis Hust.

N. theraalis v. minor Hilse

N. triblionella Hantz.

Epitheaiales 

Epi theaiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. auscula (Kutz.)O.Hull.

R. auscula v. constricta (Breb.)

Perag. and Perag.

17 17 

1145 1750 

Flood Ebb

Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total

93 2.2

37 .9 

56 1.3

75 1.8 127 2.2 

37 .9

56 1.3 

37 .9 

37 .9 

56 1.3 

149 3.5 102 1.7 

112 2.6

75 1.8 51 .9 

37 .9 25 .4

747 17.5 1,398 23.8 

37 .9 51 .9

37 .9 

37 .9
84 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Sitt

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

16

1135 

Flood

16

1735

Ebb

17

1145 

Flood

17

1750

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent Percent

Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray

B. aurlta (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey 

B. granulata Roper 

B. pulchella Gray 

Eucampla Ehr.

Eunotograaaa Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. aarlnun (W.Sm.)Perag. 

Streptotheca Shrub.

S. thamensis Shrub. 

Terpsinoe Ehr.

T. auslca Ehr. 

Triceratium Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. retlculum Ehr.

Coscinodiscaceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H.

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs 

Actinocyclus Ehr.

A. A. ehrenbergii sp. IJ v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp.TF 

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

C. centrails Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr.

C. lineatus Ehr.

C. aarglnatus Ehr.

C. nitidus Greg.

C. radiatus Ehr. 

Cyclotella Kutz.

C. atoaus Hust.

C. meneghiniana Kutz.

C. striata (Kutz.)Grun. 

Cylindropyxis Hendey

C. tremulas Hendey 

Heaidiscus Wall.

H. weissflogi (Grun.)Hust. 

Melosira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. numauloides (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata ^EhrQKutz. 

Podosira Ehr.

P. stelllger (Bail.)Mann 

Skeletonema Grev.

S. costatum (Grev.)Cl. 

Stephanopyxis (Ehr.)

S. turris 7Grev.)Ralfs 

Thalassiosira Cl.

T. deciplens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilis Hust.

14 0.5

37 0.8 149 3.5

27

27

27

81

81

27

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.9 

2.9

1.0

37 .8 37 .9

18

55

37

73

37

18

55

37

37

.4 

1.2

,8 

1.6

.8

.4 

1.2

.8

.8

19

112

37

149

.4

2.6 

.9

3.5

25

280

51

102

76

51

0.4

4.8

.9

1.7

1.3

.9

27 1.0

Eupodlscaceae 

Auliscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr.

E. radiatus Bail.
TABLES 85 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number:

Time:

Tide:

16

1135 

Flood

16

1735

Ebb

17

1145 

Flood

17

1750

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Rhi zo soleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia Bright. 

R. delicatule Cl. 

R. fragilissima Berg. 

R. se tiger a Bright 

R. tolterfothii H. Perag. 

R. sp. »l'

81

297

81

2.9

10.7

2.9

73

257

110

1.6 

5.4

2.3

75

149

37

1.8

3.5

.9

102

457

1.7 

7.8

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterionella Hass.

A. japonica Cl. 

Caaploslra Grun.

C. cymbellif orals (A.S.)Grun. 

Cymatosira Grun. 

C. belgice Grun. 

C. lorensiena Grun.

486 17.5

Dlmeregr. Ralfs

D. maculatum (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotla Ehr.

E. suecica Cl. 

Fragilaria Lyng.

F. constructs v. venter (Ehr.)Grun.

F. lapponica Grun. 

Glyphodesmls Grev.

G. distans (Greg.)Grun. 

Opephora Petit

0. aartyi Herib.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petit

0. swartzii (Grun.)Petit 

Plegiogramma Grev.

P. pulchellua v. pygmaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Heib.

P. vanheurckii Grun.

P. wellichianua Grev. 

Rhaphoneis Ehr.

R. amphlceros (Ehr.)Ehr.

R. grossenpunctate Hust.

R. surirella (EhrT)Grun.

R. surirella v. eustralis Petit

R. sp. II 

Synedra Ehr.

S. amphicephale v. austriaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. fasiculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellaria Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallaslothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldii (Grun.)Grun.

T. longissima Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenia Petit

T. acuminata Perag.

Naviculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr. 

A. angusta v.

14 .5

1,176

37

165

37

24.9 

.8

3.5

.8

1,009

19

149

23.7

3.5

1,398

76

78

23.8

1.3

1.3

14 .5 18 74 1.8 51 .9

75 1.8

ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. calumetlea (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag. 

A. acutiuscula Kutz. 

A. ovalls (Kutz.)Kutz. 

A. perpus11la Grun. 

A. proteoides Hust. 

Cymbella Ag. 

C. affinis Kutz.

14

54

.5 

1.9

37 .9

37 .8 229 3.9
86 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

16

1135 

Flood

16

1735

Ebb

17

1145 

Flood

17

1750

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Goaphoneaaceae 

Goaphonema Ehr.

G. tripunctatua y. elongata (Perag. and 

Herib.)Patr.

Entoaoneidaceae 

Entoaoneis Ehr. 

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagiotropi* Pfitz. 

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Reim.

Naviculaceae

Anomonei* Pfitz. 

A. tpTTl

Calonei* Cl.

C. oregonica (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diplonei* Ehr.

D. boabu* Ehr.

D. didyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovali* v. oblongella (Maeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schua.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralft

D. recta Grun. 

Fru»tulia Rabh.

P. interpo»ita (Lewit)Cl. 

Gyro»igaa Ha».

G. ezili» (Grun.)Reim.

G. exiaiua (Thwaitec)Boyer 

Ma»togloia Thwaitet

M. apiculata W.Sm.

M. minuti»8aa Volgt

M. puaila v. papuarua Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. aaaophila Grun.

N. anglica v. »ub»alsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. foraenterae Cl.

M. gregaria Donk.

N. hunai Hutt.

14 0.5 18

92

0.4 

1.9

51

51

51

51

0.9 

.9

.9 

.9

51 .9

18 .4

184 3.9 93 2.2 51 .9

N. ilopangoen»i» Huct. 

lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz. 

litoricola Grev.

lyra Ehr. 

marina Ralft

N. enitculu* Schun.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

N. mimncula Grun.

N. aurali» Grun.

N. mutica Kutz.

N. autica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

N. autica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculoM Hilse

N. pupula v. autata (Krattke)Hutt.

N. pygaaea Kutz.

N. radio»a v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. tcopulorua Breb.

54

54

1.9 

1.9

27 1.0

37

18

73

37

.8 

.4

1.6

.8

102 1.7
TABLES 87 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 16 16 17 17

Time: 1135 1735 1145 1750

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. sovereignae Bust.

N. tenelloides Bust. 41 1.5 37 0.8

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun.

N. spp. 27 1.0 129 2.7 37 0.9 178 3.0 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigma W.Sm.

P. angulatum (Quek.)W.Sm.

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm.

P. delicatulum W.Sm.

P. hamuliferua Brun.

P. naviculaceum Breb.

P. salinarum ?Grun.)Grun.

P. gpeciosua W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodiscus Ehr.

C. birostratus Deby. 

Surirella Turpin 

S. gemma Ehr. 

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per mllliliter 2,781 100.0 4,721 100.0 4,259 100.0 5,870 100.0
88 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

18

1042 

Flood

18

1700

Ebb

22

1150 

Flood

22

1745

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Bacilleriophyta 

Bac illar io phyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subsp. lorenzlana 

A. cuvirostrun Grun. 

A. hauckiana Grun. 

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 

A. llnearls (W.Sm.)Grun. 

A. alnutlsslaa Kutz. 

A. tcaperei M. Perag. 

Cocconels Ehr. 

C. costata Greg. 

C. diainuta Pant. 

C. dlsculus (Schum.)Cl. 

C. dlstana Greg. 

C. scutellum Ehr.

39 1.1 83 3.7 26 0.9

13 .4 31 1.4

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Bad liar la Go si.

B. paradoxa Gael. 

Cyllndrotheca Rabh.

C. closterlua (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew. 

Hantzschla Grun.

H. amphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag. 

Nltzschla Hass.

N. amphibia Grun.

N. brlttonl Hag.

N. clausii Uantz.

N. coamunls Rabh.

N. compressa (Bail.)Boyer

N. constrlcta (Kutz.)Ralfs

N. dissipata (Kutz.)Grun.

N. fasclculata (Grun.)Grun.

N. filiformis (W.Sa.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun.

N. frustulum (Kutz.)Grun.

N. granulata Grun.

N. hungarlca Grun.

N. longissima (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenzlana v. subtills Grun.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. navlcularls (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelllformls Grun.

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm.

N. pandurIforals Greg.

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun.

N. scolarls (Ehr.)W.Sm.

N. slgma~?Kutz.)W.Sa.

N. stagsorua (Rabh.)Grun.

N. subllnearls Hust.

N. theraalls v. minor Hllse

N. trlbllonella Hantz.

31 1.4 31 0.5

26

52

13

78

444

26

.7

1.5 

.4

2.2

12.5 

.7

10

31

289

21

21

.5

1.4

13.0 

.9

.9

26

26

26

129

.9 

.9

.9

4.7 372 5.7

386

13

14.1 

.5

527

124

8.1 

1.9

Eplthemlales 

Epithemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. auscula (Kutz.)O.Mull. 

R. auscula v. constrlcta (Breb.) 

Perag. and Perag.
TABLES 89

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 18 

Time: 1042 

Tide: Flood

Percent 

Taxa Stand ing of 

stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurlta (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey

B. granulata Roper 26 0.7

B. pulchella Gray

Eucampia Ehr. 

E. sp.ll 104 2.9 

Eunotogranma Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. marinum (W.Sm.)Perag.

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thamensis Shrub. 26 .7

Terpsinoe Ehr. 

T. musica Ehr.

Triceratium Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulum Ehr.

Co sc inod iscaceae 

Ac tiuoptychus Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs 13 .4

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust. 39 1.1

A. sp. *1

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp. il 26 .7

Cosclnodlscus Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr. 13 .4

C. lineatus Ehr. 26 .7

C. marginatus Ehr. 26 .7

C. nitidus Greg. 170 4.8

C. radiatus Ehr. 13 .4

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atomus Hust. 26 .7

C. menegjhiniana Kutz. 39 1.1

C. striata (k'utz.)Grun. 39 1.1

Cylindropyxis Hendey 

C. tremulas Hendey

Hemidiscus Wall.

H. welssflogi (Grun.)Hust. 26 .7

Melosira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. numuloides (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 26 .7

Podosira Ehr.

P. stelliger (Bail.)Mann

Skeletonema Grev.

S. costatun (Grev.)Cl. 104 2.9

Stephanopyxis (Ehr.) 

S. turris (Grev.)Ralfs

Thalassiosira Cl.

T. decipiens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilis Hust.

18 22 22 

1700 1150 1745 

Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

124 1.9

51 1.9

26 .9 

26 .9

134 6.0 167 6.1 589 9.1 

51 1.9 155 2.4

21 .9 26 .9 93 1.4 

31 .5 

83 3.7 372 5.7

21 .9 

129 4.7 62 1.0 

186 2.9

Eupod iscaceae 

Auliscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr.

E. radiatus Bail.
90 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

18

1042 

Flood

18

1700

Ebb

22

1150 

Flood

22

1745

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Rhlzosolenlaceae 

Rhlzosolenla Bright. 

R. dellcatula Cl. 

R. fraglllsslma Berg. 

R. setlgera Bright 

R. stolterfothll H. Perag. 

R. sp. »1

124 1.9

261 7.3 196

72

8.8 

3.3

283 10.3

Fragllarlales 

Fragllarlaceae 

Asterlonella Hass.

A. Japonic* Cl. 

Canploslra Grun.

C. cymbelllf orals (A.S.)Grun. 

Cyaatoslra Grun. 

C. belglca Grun. 

C. lorenslana Grun.

Dlmeregr Ralfs

D. maculatum (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotla Ehr.

E. sueclca Cl. 

Fragllarla Lyng.

F. conatruens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun.

757

13

157

21.2 

.4

4.4

485

10

52

21.9 

.5

2.3

591 21.6 1.766 27.3

26 .9 124 1.9

F. lapponlca Grun. 

Glyphodesmls Grev.

G. dlstans (Greg.)Grun. 

Opephora Petit

0. martyl Herlb.

0. paclflca (Grun.)Petit

0. swartzll (Grun.)Petit 

Plaglogramma Grev.

P. pulchellum v. pygmaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Heib.

P. vanhcurckll Grun.

P. walllchiamim Grev. 

Rhaphonels Ehr.

R. amphlceros (Ehr.)Ehr.

R. grossenpunctata Hust.

R. surlrella (Ehr.)Grun.

R. surlrella v. australis Petit

R. sp. ff 

Synedra Ehr.

S. amphlcephala

10 .5

62 1.0

v. austrlaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. faslculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellarla Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallaslothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldll (Grun.)Grun.

T. longlsslma Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenla Petit

T. acualnata Perag.

Navlculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr. 

A. angusta v. ventrlcosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. calumetlea (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag. 

A. acutluscula Kutz. 

A. ovalls (Kutz.)Kutz. 

A. perpusllla Grun. 

A. proteoldes Hust. 

Cymbella Ag. 

C. affinis Kutz.

26 .7 26 .9
TABLES 91 

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8,1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 

Time: 

Tide:

18

1042 

Flood

18

1700

Ebb

22

1150 

Flood

22

1745

Ebb

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Gomphonemaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr. 

G. tripunctatum v. elongata (Perag. and

Herib.)Patr.

Entomoneidaceae 

Entomoneis Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagtotropis Pfitz.

P. leptdoptera (Cl.)Reim.

Naviculaceae

Anomonets Pfitz.

A. spTTl 

Calonei* Cl.

C. oregonica (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. boabus Ehr.

D. didyaa (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalts v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schum.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulia Rabh.

F. interposita (Lewis)C1. 

Gyrosigaa Mass.

G. exilts (Grun.)Reim.

G. eximium (Thwaites)Boyer 

Mastoglota Thwaites

M. aptculata W.Sm.

M. minutissma Voigt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. amaophtla Grun.

N. angltca v. subsalsa (Grun.)Cl.

62

62

1.0 

1.0

13 0.4

13 .4

N. 

N. 

N.

capttata Ehr. 

cyrptocephala Kutz. 

fonenterae Cl.

51 1.9 93 1.4

N. 

N.

gregarta Donk. 

huBMl Hust.

N. 

N.

tlopangoensts Hust 

lanceolata ff

M. litoricola Grev. 

N. lyra Ehr. 

N. marina Ralfs

N. menlaculua Schum.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

N. minuscula Grun.

N. muralia Grun.

N. mutica Kutz.

N. mutica v. cohnit (Hllse)Grun.

N. mutica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculosa Hilse

N. pupula v. mutata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pygmaea Kutz.

N. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. scopulorum Breb.

13

26

.4 

.7

21 .9

13

26

.5 

.9

62 1.0
92 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 13. Plankton diatom species standing stock at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity during flood and ebb slack tides, July 8, 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 18 18 22 22

Time: 1042 1700 1150 1745

Tide: Flood Ebb Flood Ebb

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculac«ae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. sovereignae Hust.

N. tenelloides Bust. 26 0.7 52 2.3 186 2.9

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun. 26 0.9

N. «pp. 52 1.5 103 4.7 26 .9 186 2.9 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluainensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigaa W.S».

P. angulatua (Quek.)W.Sa.

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm.

P. delicatulua W.Sa. 62 1.0

P. hamuliferum Brun.

P. naviculaceua Breb.

P. alinarua (Grun.)Grun. 62 1.0

P. specicsum W.S». 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. p«i«oni« Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphio*y« Greg. 

Trachynei* Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surlrellalles 

Surlrellaceae 

Camplodi«cu« Ehr. 

C. biro«tratu« Deby. 

Surirella Turpin 

S. gemM Ehr. 

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown #8

Totals, in valves per milliliter 3,564 100.0 2,219 100.0 2,737 100.0 6,475 100.0
TABLE 14. Particle-size distribution of bottom material at selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982

[<, less than]

Bottom

material

site

number

BM 2

BM 2

BM 2

BM 7

BM 8

BM 8

BM 10

BM 10

BM 10

BM 13

BM 14

BM 15

BM 16

BM 17

BM 18

BM 18

BM 18

BM 19

BM 22

BM 24

Location

within

the

cross

section

Seaward

left

Center

Seaward

right

Seaward

left

Center

Seaward

right

Seaward

left

Center

Seaward

right

Composite

Composite

Composite

Seawerd

left

Center

Seaward

left

Center

Seaward

right

Center

Composite

Center

Percentage by

Very

Coarse Medium Fine fine Coarse

gravel gravel gravel gravel sand

16.0- 8.0- 4.0- 2.0- 1.0-

8.0 mm 4.0 mm 2.0 mm 1.0 mm 0.5 mm

0.8 2.6 3.4 5.1 12.0

9.9 11.8 13.9 16.0 27.4

2.1 8.5 14.9 31.9 36.2

 1.0 4.8 6.1

 .9 2.7 6.4

 .2 .3

 1.0 7.2 16.2 27.9

^_ _^ ^^ 1 Q

 .4 2.5

 __-

 

" "* " """* »1

.6 2.8 .7 1.4 7.6

 .1 .2 .1

 1.3 2.5 6.2 21.2

 1.0 3.1 13.4

 1.1 1.1 2.2

 .1

1.0 2.4 3.6 3.6 4.8

 1.0

weight of

Medium

sand

0.5-

0.25 mm

56.4

5.9

4.3

8.7

50.9

2.3

36.0

11.1

11.4

1.6

31.0

.1

48.8

48.5

18.9

.3

42.9

5.0

bottom material in each particle-size class

Fine

sand

0.25-

0.125 mm

18.8

13.9

2.1

52.6

38.2

72.9

11.7

72.2

69.4

2.1

2.2

82.7

52.4

53.1

20.0

33.0

75.6

67.3

38.1

83.0

Very 

fine Coarse Medium Fine 

sand silt silt silt 

0.125- 0.062- 0.031- 0.016- 

0.062 mm 0.031 mm 0.016 mm 0.008 mm 

0.9 

.8 0.4 

 

17.3 1.7 1.1 0.2 

.9 _-_- 

13.5 1.0 .3 1.0 

 

14.8 ___-

7.8 8.5 

6.3 3.1 3.3 6.0 

2.2 1.8 5.8 3.9 

8.7 6.9 

2.8 .7 

27.8 1.6 .6 1.0 

 

1.0 

1.1 

27.2 5.1 

3.6 ----

11.0 

 
94 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 15. Carbon concentrations in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982

Bottom material 

site number

BM 2

BM 7

BM 8

BM 10

BM 13

BM 14

BM 15

BM 16

BM 17

BM 18

BM 19

BM 22

Inorganic

Grams per 

kilogram

1.8

.1

.5

.3

2.3

2.6

.9

1.0

.1

.3

.1

.1

carbon

Percent 

of total 

carbon

40

1.5

38.5

21.4

5.7

5.8

11.4

50.0

.8

25.0

2.7

11.1

Organic

Grams per 

kilogram

2.7

6.5

.8

1.1

38.0

42.0

7.0

1.0

12.0

.9

3.6

.8

carbon

Percent 

of total 

carbon

60

98.5

61.5

78.6

94.3

94.2

88.6

50.0

99.2

75.0

97.3

88.9

Total carbon

Grams per 

kilogram

4.5

6.6

1.3

1.4

40.3

44.6

7.9

2.0

12.1

1.2

3.7

.9
TABLES

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 

[Diatom remains in valves per cubic centimeter]

95

Site 

location 

number : 1 

Time: 1120

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subsp. lorenziana

A. cuvi rostrum Grun.

A. hauckiana Grun.

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun.

A. linearis (W.Sm.)Grun.

A. minutissima Kutz.

A. temperei M. Perag. 9,308 1.0

Cocconeis Ehr.

C. costata Greg.

C. diminuta Pant. 12.411 1.4

C. disculus (Schum.)Cl.

C. dlstans Greg.

C. scutellum Ehr.

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Bacillaria Gmel.

B. paradoxa Gmel.

Cylindrotheca Rabh. 

C. closterium (Ehr.)Relm. and Lew.

Hantzschia Grun.

H. amphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag.

Hitzschia Hast.

N. amphibia Grun.

N. brittoni Hag.

N. clausii Hantz.

N. communiB Rabh. 6,205 .7

N. compre«sa (Bail.)Boyer

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs 3,103 .3

N. dissijgata (Kutz.)Grun.

N. fasciculata (Grun.) Grun.

N. filiformis (W.Sm.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun. 6,205 .7

N. frustulum (Kutz.)Grun.

N. granulata Grun.

N. hungarica Grun.

N. longissiaa (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenziana v. subtilis Grun.

N. microcephala Grun.

N. navicularis (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelliformis Grun.

M. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm. 9,308 1.0 

N. panduriformis Greg. 24,822 2.7

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun.

N. scolaris (Ehr.)W.Sm.

M. sigma (Kutz.)W.Sm. 

N. stagsorum (Rabh.)Grun.

N. sublinearis Hust.

N. thermalis v. minor Uilse

N. triblionella Hantz.

Epithemlales 

Epithemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. muscula (Kutz.)O.Mull.

R. muscula v. constricta (Breb.)

Perag. and Perag.

2 4 5C 

1200 0930 1000

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

32,010 0.5 47,279 0.7 21,167 1.0

32,010 .5

64,019 1.0 70,919 1.0 21,167 1.0 

23,640 .3

16,005 .3 14,112 .7

47,279 .7 

32,010 .5 

118,199 1.7

14,112 .7

48,014 .7 260,037 3.7 35,279 1.7 

7,056 .3 

64,019 1.0 23,640 .3 21,167 1.0

14,112 .7

14,112 .7 

94,559 1.3 35,279 1.7 

32,010 .5 

21,167 1.0 

32,010 .5
96 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

Time: 

number: 

1120 

124 

1200 0930

Percent Percent Percent 

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

Eupodiccales 

Blddulphlaceae 

Blddulphia Gray 

B. aurlta (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey 15,514 1.7 48,014 0.7 23,640 0.3

B. gfanufata Roper 3,103 .3

B. pulchella Gray

Eucampla Ehr.

"TTTpTyi

Eunocogramaa Welase

E. laeva Grun. 3,103 .3 32,010 .5 118,199 1.7

E. marlnum (W.Sm.)Perag. 16.005 .3

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thamensls Shrub.

Terp«lnoe Ehr. 

T. nusica Ehr.

Trlceratlum Ehr.

T. alternana Ball.

T. favua Ehr. 3,103 .3 

T. retlcultui Ehr.

CoBclnodlacaceae 

Actlnoptychua Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatua (Ball.)Ralfa 3.103 .3 80.024 1.2

Actloocyclua Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergll v. tenella (Breb.)Huat. 23,640 .3

A. «p. fl

Chaetoceros Ehr. 

C. «p. fl 6,205 .7

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

C. centralls Ehr.

C. curvatului Grun.

C. excentrlcua Ehr. 27.924 3.1 224,067 3.5 236.397 3.3

C. llneatua Ehr. 15.514 1.7 176,053 2.7 70.919 1.0

C. aarglnatus Ehr. 9,308 1.0 118,199 1.7

C. nltldua Greg. 37.233 4.1 272.081 4.2 94.559 1.3

C. radlatua Ehr. 6,205 .7 128,038 2.0 70.919 1.0

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atoms Bust. 3,103 .3

C. eneghinlana Kutz. 16.005 .3 94.559 1.3

C. t'rlata (Kutz.)Grun. 9.308 1.0 176.053 2.7 94,559 1.3

Cyllndropyxl* Hendey 

C. treaulas Hendey 94,559 1.3

He«idi«cu« Wall.

H". welssflogl (Grun.)Hust.

Melo«ira Ag. 

M. _granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nuMmloldes (Dlllw.)Ag.

M. culcata <Ehr.)Kutz. 27.924 3.1 224.067 3.5 330.956 4.7

Podoclra Ehr. 

P. telllger (Ball.)Mann 47,279 .7

Skeletoneaa Grev. 

S. co«tatum (Grev.)Cl. 3,103 .3

Stephanopyxi« (Ehr.) 

S. turrli (Grev.)Ralf* 47,279 .7

Thala««lo«lra Cl.

T. decipiena (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluvlatlll* Hu«t.

5C 

1000

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

7,056 0.3 

21,167 1.0

7,056 .3

7,056 .3

7,056 .3

70,558 3.4 

42,335 2.1

28,223 1.4 

14,112 .7 

70,558 3.4

84,670 4.1

Eupodlscaceae 

Aull«cu« Ehr.

A. caelatu* Ball. 

Eupodlacua Ehr.

E. radlatua Ball. 6,205 .7
TABLES 97

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 1 2 4 5C

Time: 1120 1200 0930 1000

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Rhlzosolenlaceae 

Rhizoeolenla Bright. 

R. dellcatula Cl. 

R. fraglllsslma Berg. 

R. setlgera Bright 

R. stolterfothll H. Perag. 

R. sp. *\

Fragllarlales 

Fragllarlaceae 

Asterlonella Hass.

A. japonlca Cl. 

CamplosIra Grun.

C. cymbelllformls (A.S.)Grun. 32,010 0.5 94,559 1.3 

Cymatoslra Grun.

C. belglca Grun. 508,845 55.8 3,184,950 49.7 3,380,480 47.8 881,975 43.1

C. lorenslana Grun. 12,411 1.4 96,029 1.5 70,919 1.0 28,223 1.4 

Dlmeregraiama Ralfs

D. maculaturn (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotla Ehr.

E. sueclca Cl. 

Fragilaria Lyng.

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun. 42,335 2.1

F. lapponica Grun. 

Glyphodesale Grev.

G. dlstans (Greg.)Grun. 141,838 2.0 

Opephora Petit

0. martyi Herlb.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petlt 6,205 .7

0. swartzii (Grun.)Petlt 

Plagiograaaa Grev.

P. pulchellum v. pygmaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Helb.

P. vanheurckll Grun.

P. wallichianum Grev. 

Rhaphonels Ehr.

R. amphiceros (Ehr.)Ehr. 3,103 .3 16,005 .3 28,223 1.4

R. grossenpunctata Must.

R. surlralla (Ehr.)Grun. 49,643 5.4 224,067 3.5 354,596 5.0 49,391 2.4

R. surirella v. australls Petit R. gp. fl 

Synedra Ehr.

S. aaphicephala v. austrlaca (Grun.)Hust. 3,103 .3

S. faslculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellaria Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallasiothrlx Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldll (Grun.)Grun.

T. long!salma Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenla Petit

T. acumlnata Perag.

Navlculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr.

A. anguata v. ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. caluaetica (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutluscula Kutz. 48,014 .7

A. ovalis (Kutz.)Kutz.

A. perpusilia Grun.

A. proteoldes Must. 

Cyabella Ag.

C. afflnis Kutz.
98 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

1

1120

2

1200

4

0930

5C 

1000

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Goaphoneaaceae 

Goaphoneaa Ehr. 

G. tripunctatua v. elongata (Perag. and

Herib.) Patr.

Entoaoneidaceae 

EntoaoneJB Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

PlagiotropJB Pfitz.

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Reim.

Naviculaceae

AnoaoncU Pfitz.

A. p.Tl 

Calonei* Cl.

C. oregonica (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. boabus Ehr.

D. didyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovaliB v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schua.)ClT 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Fruatulia Rabh.

F. interpoBita (Lewiv)Cl. 

Gyroaigaa Has*.

G. exilU (Grun.)Reia.

G. exijiiuB (Thwaites)Boyer 

Maatogloia Thwaites

M. apiculata W.Sm.

M. ainutlBBBa Voigt

M. puBJla v. papuarum Chol. 

Havicula Bory

N. aBBOphila Grun.

H. anglica v. subaalaa (Grun.)Cl.

H. capitata Ehr.

H. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. foraenterae Cl.

H. gregaria Donk.

H. huaBi Hu»t.

N. ilopangoen»i» Hu«t.

H. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

H. litoricola Grev.

H. lyra Ehr.

N. aarina Ralfs

N. BenisculuB Schua.

N. aicrocephala Grun.

N. ainiaa Grun.

H. ainuscula Grun.

H. auralis Grun.

H. autica Kutz.

H. autica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

H. autlca f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

H. notha Wall.

H. pelliculosa Hilse

H. pupula v. autata (Kra««ke)Hust.

H. pygaaea Kutz.

H. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

H. copulorua Breb.

6,205

6,205

6,205

3,103

0.7 

.7

.7

.3

12,411 1.4

112,033

160,048

16,005

16,005

32,010

32,010

16,005

1.7 

2.5

.3

.3

.5

23,640

23,640

0.3 

.3

14,112

28,223

7,056

.5 

.3 47,279

70,919

.7 

1.0

70,919

32,010 .5

6,205 .7 64,019 1.0 23,640 .3 7,056

0.7 

1.4

.3

28,223 1.4

14,112 .7

7,056 .3

1.0 14,112 .7

21,167 1.0

.3
TABLES 99

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 1 2 4 5C

Tine: 1120 1200 0930 1000

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Maviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued 

N. sovereignae Hust.

N. tenelloides Hust. 48,014 0.7 35,279 1.7 

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory 

N. yarrenais Grun.

Pinnularia Ehr. 

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P eurosigaa W.Sm.

quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

subcapitata Greg.

angulatum (Quek.)W.Sn. 3,103 0.3

aestuaril (Breb.)W.Sm.

delicatulum W.Sm.

haauliferua Brun.

naviculaceum Breb.

salinarum (Grun. )Grun.

P. speciosun W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodiscus Ehr.

C. biro«tratu« Deby. 

Surirella Turpin

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per cubic centimeter 912,197 100.0 6,401,950 100.0 7,068,300 100.0 2,046,190 100.0
100 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number : 6 

Time: 1020

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

B*c lllerlophyta 

Baclllariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickil subsp. lorenzlana

A. cuvirostrum Grun.

A. hauckiana Grun.

A. lanceolata v. dubla Grun.

A. linear!* (W.Sm.)Grun.

A. minutissima Kutz.

A. teaperei M. Perag.

Cocconeis Ehr.

C. costata Greg.

C. diminute Pant. 21,971 0.7

C. dlsculus (Schum.)Cl.

C. distans Greg.

C. scutellum Ehr.

Beclllarlalles 

Nltzschiaceae 

Bacillaria Gael.

B . paradox* Gael .

Cylindrotheca Rabh. 

C. clocterlum (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew.

Hantzschia Grun.

H. amphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag.

Nltzcchla Macs.

N. amphibia Grun. 21,971 .7

N. brittonl Hag.

N. claucli Hantz.

N. communis Rabh.

N. comgressa (Bail.)Boyer

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs 54,928 1.7

N. dissipate (Kutz.)Grun.

N. fasclculata (Grun.)Grun. 21,971 .7

N. flllformls (W.Sm.)V.H.

N. fonticola Grun.

N. fructulum (Kutz.) Grun.

N. granulate Grun. 21,971 .7

N. hungarica Grun.

N. long iss ima (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenzlana v. subtilis Grun. 10,986 .3

N. microcej>hala Grun.

N. navlcularls (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa U.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelllformis Grun.

N. palea (Kutz.)U.Sm. 21,971 .7 

N. panduriformis Greg.

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun.

N. scolarlc (Ehr.)W.Sm.

N. slgma ([Kutz.)W.Sm. 

N. sta^sprum (Rabh.)Grun.

N. subllnearlc Huct.

N. thermalls v. minor Hilse

N. trlbllonella Hantz.

Epithemiales 

Eplthemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. muscula (Kutz. )0. Mull.

R. muscula v. constricta (Breb.)

Perag. and Perag.

7 8 10 

1100 1158 1230

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

54,528 1.0 180,193 4.2 

13,861 .3 

27,264 .5

58,907 0.5

13,632 .3 

117,815 1.0 109,055 2.0 69,305 1.6 

54,528 1.0

29,454 .3 

27,264 .5

29,454 .3 

168,160 1.3 27,722 .6 

13,632 .3

117,815 1.0 13,632 .3 69,305 1.6 

58,907 .5 27,264 .5 97,027 2.3

55,444 1.3 

40,896 .8 41,583 1.0 

58,907 .5 

27,722 .6
TABLES

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

101

Site 

location 

number : 6 

Time: 1020

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey 10,986 0.3

B. granulate Roper

B. pulchella Gray

Eucaapia Ehr. 

EunotqgreoBa Weisse

E. laeva Grun. 21,971 .7

E. narinum (W.Sn.)Perag.

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thaoensis Shrub.

Terpsinoe Ehr. 

T. ausica Ehr.

Triceratium Ehr.

T. elteraans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulum Ehr.

Co sc inod is caceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatus (Bail.)Ralfs

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

A. sp. #1

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp. 1*1

Coscinodiscus Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr. 65,913 2.0

C. lineatus Ehr. 32,957 1.0

C. narginatus Ehr. 10,986 .3

C. nitidus Greg. 54,928 1.7

C. radiatus Ehr. 54,928 1.7

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atoaus Hust.

C. neneghiniana Kutz. 21,971 .7

C. strieta (Kutz.)Grun. 76,899 2.4

Cylindropyxis Hendey 

C. tremulas Hendey

Heaidiscus Well.

H. uei'ssflogi (Grun.)Hust.

Melosira Ag.

M. £ranulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. numouloides (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 54,928 1.7

Podosira Ehr.

P. stelliger (Bail.)Mann

Skeletonema Grev.

S. costatum (Grev.)Cl.

S tephanopyxis (Ehr.) 

S. turris (Grev.)Ralfs

Thalassiosira Cl.

T. dec Ip lens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilis Hust.

7 8 10 

1100 1158 1230

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

29,454 0.3 149,951 2.8 83,166 1.9 

147,269 1.3 27,264 .5 27,722 .6

13,632 .3 

13,632 .3

294,537 2.5 40,8% .8 138,610 3.2 

618,528 5.3 54,528 1.0 55,444 1.3 

13,632 .3 

176,722 1.5 81,791 1.5 110,888 2.6 

265,083 2.3 54,528 1.0 27,722 .6

176,722 1.5 13,632 .3 

323,991 2.8 163,583 3.1 83,166 1.9

117,815 1.0

58,907 .5 

382,898 3.3 204,479 3.8 83,166 1.9 

29,454 .3 

176,722 1.5

Eupodiscaceae 

Auliscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr.

E. radiatus Bail.
102 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 6 7 8 10

Time: 1020 1100 1158 1230

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Rhizosoleniaceae 

Rhizosolenia Bright. 

R. delicatula Cl. 

R. fragilissima Berg. 

R. aetigera Bright 

R. stolterfothli H. Perag. 

R. »p. tl

Fragilariales 

Fragilariaceae 

Asterlonella Hass.

A. Japonlca Cl. 

Camplo»ira Grun.

C. cyabelliformi» (A.S.)Grun. 10,986 0.3 13,632 0.3 27,722 0.6 

Cymatosira Grun.

C. belglca Grun. 2,010,350 62.2 5,772,930 49.9 2,999,020 56.3 2,273,200 53.1

C. lorenalaaa Grun. 21,971 .7 58,907 .5 68,160 1.3 13,861 .3 

Dimeregraaaa Ralfs

D. maculatim (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotia Ehr.

E. »uecica Cl. 

Fragilaria Lyng.

F. con«truen» v. venter (Ehr.)Grun. 32,957 1.0 353,445 3.1 40,896 .8

F. lapponica Grun. 

Glyphodesmi» Grev.

G. di«tan» (Greg.)Grun. 88,361 .8 113,632 .3 

Opephora Petit

0. martyi Herib.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petit 40,896 .8 97,027 2.3

0. »wartxii (Grun.)Petit 

Plagiograaaa Grev.

P. pulchellua v. pygaaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophonat (Greg.)Ueib. 27,722 .6

P. vanheurckil Grun.

P. walllchlanua Grev. 

Rhaphonei» Ehr.

R. Mphlceros (Ehr.)Ehr. 54,928 1.7 206,176 1.8 68,160 1.3

R. gro»»enpunctata Bust.

R. gurirella (Ehr.)Grun. 98,870 3.1 530,167 4.6 395,423 1.8 83,166 1.9

R. turirella v. australis Petit

R. sp. fl' 

Synedra Ehr.

S. aaphicephala v. auatrlaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. faslculata v. truncata flSrev.)Patr. 

Tabellarla Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallasiothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldll (Grun.)Grun.

T. longiasima Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenla Petit

T. acuainata Perag.

Navlculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Aaphora Ehr.

A. angmta v. ventrlcosa (Greg.)Cl. 

A. caluaetica (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutlu»£ula Kutz. 29,454 .3 13,632 .3 27,722 .6 

A. ovalls (Kutz.)Kutz. 27,264 .5 27,722 .6 

A. perpusllla Grun. 21,971 .7 

A. proteoldes Bust. 

Cyabella Ag. 

C. affinis Kutz.
TABLES 103 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 6 7 8 10

Time: 1020 1100 1158 1230

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Gomphoneoaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr.

G. trlpunctatum v. elongata (Perag. and 

Herlb.) Patr.

Entomoneldaceae 

Entomonels Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plaglotropls Pfltz.

P. lepldoptera (Cl.)Relm.

Navlculaceae

Anoaonels Pfltz.

A. spTTl 

Calonets Cl.

C. oregonlca (Ehr.)Patr. 

Dlplonels Ehr.

D. bottbua Ehr. 68,160 1.3 27,722 0.6

D. dldyma (Ehr.)Ehr. 87,884 2.7 95,423 1.8 41,583 1.0

D. elllptlca (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendlerl (A.S.)Cl. 10,986 .3 58,907 0.5

D. Interrupta (Kutz.)Cl. 13,861 .3

D. ovalls v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl. 29,454 .3

D. puella (Schum.)Cl. 117,815 1.0 

Donklnla Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulla Rabh.

F. Interposlta (Levis)Cl. 

GyrosIgma Hass.

G. exllls (Grun.)Relm.

G. ezlmlum (Thwaltes)Boyer 

Mastoglola Thwaltes

M. aplculata W.Sm.

M. mlnutlssma Volgt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navlcula Bory

N. ammophlla Grun. 13,632 .3

N. angllca v. subaalsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz. 32,957 1.0 88,361 .8 81,791 1.4 27,722 .6

N. formenterae Cl.

H. gregaria Donk.

N. humml Rust.

M. llopangoenals Rust.

NTlanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. lltorlcola Grev. 13,861 .3

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfs

S. menlsculua Schum. 27,722 .6

N. Icrocephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

N. inuscula Grun. 21,971 .7 29,454 .3

N. muralls Grun.

N. mutlca Kutz. 10,986 .3 58,907 .5 13,861 .3

S. mutlca v. cohnll (Hllse)Grun.

N. mutlca f. undulata (Hllse)Grun.

N. notha Well. 88,361 .8 13,632 .3

N. pelllculosa Rllse 27,264 .5 13,861 .3

N. pupula v. mutata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pygmaea Kutz.

N. radlosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl. 13,632 .3

N. scopulorum Breb.
104 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 6 7 8 10

Time: 1020 1100 1158 1230

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Havicula Bory -Continued

N. severeignae Hust.

N. tenelloldes Hu«t. 58,907 0.5 13,632 0.3 55,444 1.3

H. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

H. yarrensls Grun.

H. «pp. 

Plnnularla Ehr.

P. bogoten«l« (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluainensls (Grun.)Cl. 32,957 1.0

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleuroslgaa W.Sm.

P. angulatum (Quek.)W.Sm.

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm.

P. delicatulua W.S«.

P. hamullferum Brun. 29,454 .3

P. navlculaceua Breb.

P. «a Una rum (Grun.)Grun.

P. «pecio«ua W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. pel«onl« Grun. 13,632 .3 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. a»phlozy« Greg. 

Trachyneli Cl.

T. a«pera (Ehr.)Cl. 13,861 .3

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodl«cu« Ehr. 

C. birostratus Deby. 

Surirella Turpln

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per cubic centimeter 3,229,750 100.0 11,575,300 100.0 5,330,060 100.0 4,283,040 100.0
TABLES 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

105

Site 

location 

number: 13 

Time: 1340

Percent 

Taxa Standing of 

stock total

Baclllarlophyta 

Baclllarlophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subsp. lorenzlana

A. cuvlrostrum Grun.

A. hauckiana Grun.

A. lanceolata v. dubla Grun.

A. linear Is (W.Sm.)Grun.

A. alnutlsslaa Kutz.

A. teaperel M. Perag. 78,119 0.9

Cocconels Ehr.

C. costata Greg.

C. dlmlnuta Pant. 39,060 .4

C. dlsculus (Schum.)Cl.

C. dlstans Greg.

C. scutellum Ehr.

Baclllarlalles 

Nltzschlaceae 

Baclllarla Gael.

B. paradox* Gael.

Cyllndrotheca Rabh. 

C. closterlum (Ehr.)Relm. and Lew.

Hantzschla Grun.

H. amphloxys v. minor Perag. and Perag.

Nitzschia Has s.

N. amphibia Grun.

N. brlttonl Hag. 39,060 .4

N. clausll Hantz.

N. coaaunls Rabh.

N. coapressa (Ball.)Boyer 156,238 1.8

N. constrlcta (Kutz.)Ralfs 78,119 .9

N. dlsslpata (Kutz.)Grun. 156,238 1.8

N. fasclculata (Grun.)Grun.

N. flllf orals (W.Sn.)V.H.

N. fontlcola Grun.

N. frustulum (Kutz.)Grun.

N. granulata Grun. 195,298 2.2

N. hun&arica Grun.

N. longlsslaa (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenzlana v. subtllls Grun.

N. mlcrocephala Grun.

N. navicularis (Brab.)Grun. 39,060 .4

N. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. »calpelliformi8 Grun.

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm. 78,119 .9 

N. pandurlf orals Greg. 117,179 1.3

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun. 39,060 .4

N. scolarls (Ehr.)W.Sa.

N. «igaa (Kutz.) W.Sm. 

N. stagsorum (Rabh.)Grun.

N. subllnearls Bust.

N. theraalls v. minor Hllse 39,060 .4

N. trlbllonella Hantz.

Eplthealales 

Eplthemlaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Hull. 

R. muscula (Kutz.)O.Mull.

R. muscula v. constrlcta (Breb.)

Perag. and Perag.

14 15 16 

1355 1415 1430

Percent Percent Percent 

Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

23,555 0.3 62,029 1.0 101,380 5.1

23,555 .3 

23,555 .3 20,676 .3

41,353 .6 

6,336 .3

20,676 .3

47,110 .6 12,673 .6 

23,555 .3

70,665 .9 82,705 1.3 

23,555 .3 41,353 .6 44,354 2.2 

70,665 .9 12,673 .6

6,336 .3 

94,220 1.2 20,676 .3 19,009 .9 

41,353 .6 

235,551 3.0 268,792 4.1 88,708 4.4

20,676 .3 12,673 .6

23,555 .3 

47,110 .6 

70,665 .9 62,029 1.0 19,009 .9 

47,110 .6

70,665 .9 20,676 .3 

20,676 .3 6,336 .3

23,555 .3 

23,555 .3 62,029 1.0

62,029 1.0
106 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

13

1340

14

1355

15

1415

16

1430

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Eupodiscales 

Blddulphlaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. 

B. granulata Roper 

B. pulchella Gray 

Eucampia Ehr.

Eunotograaaa Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. marinum (W.Sm.)Perag. 

Streptotheca Shrub.

S. thaaenglg Shrub. 

Terpalnoe Ehr.

T. ugica Ehr. 

Trlceratlua Ehr.

and Godey

39,060

156,238

39,060

II. 

T.

alternans Ball, 

favug Ehr.

T. reticulum Ehr.

Cosclnodiscaceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H.

A. undulatus (Ball.)Ralfs 

Actinocyclus Ehr.

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

A. gp. fl 

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp.TT 

Cogclnodlgcus Ehr.

C. centralis Ehr.

C. curvatulug Grun.

C. excentricus Ehr.

C. llneatug Ehr.

C. marginatus Ehr.

C. nitidus Greg.

C. radiatug Ehr. 

Cyclotella Kutz.

C. atoaus Hust.

C. aeneghlnlana Kutz.

C. gtrlata (Kutz.)Grun. 

Cyllndropyxig Hendey

C. treaulag Hendey 

Heaidiscus Wall.

H. welggflogl (Grun.)Hust. 

Melosira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nuaauloides (Dlllw.)Ag.

M. gulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 

Podosira Ehr.

P. gtelllger (Bail.)Mann 

Skeletonema Grev.

S. costatun (Grev.)Cl. 

Stephanopyxis (Ehr.)

S. turrlg (Grev.)Ralfg 

Thalaggloglra Cl.

T. decipieng (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatilig Hugt.

Eupodlgcaceae 

Auligcug Ehr.

A. caelatug Ball. 

Eupodigcug Ehr.

E. radiatug Ball.

39,060

78,119

156,238

312,477

312,477

78,119

78,119

429,655

390,596

156,238

39,060

0.4

1.8 

.4

.4

.9 

1.8

3.6 

3.6

.9

.9

4.9

4.5

1.8

.4

47,110

47,110

94,220

23,555

47,110

47,110

306,216

117,775

70,665

423,991

47,110

47,110

0.6

.6 

1.2

.3

.6 

.6

3.9

1.5

.9

5.4

.6

.6

20,676 0.3

41,353 .6

20,676

41,353

82,705

124,058

124,058

124,058

186,087

41,353

82,705

.3

.6 

1.3

1.9 

1.9

1.9 

2.9

.6

1.3

6,336

12,673

0.3 

.6

12,673 .6

25,345

38,018

38,018

38,018

19,009

1.3 

1.9

1.9 

1.9

.9

76,035 3.8
TABLES 107

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 13 14 15 16

Time: 1340 1355 1415 1430

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Rhlzosolenlaceae 

Rhlzosolenia Bright. 

R. dellcatula Cl. 

R. fraglllsslma Berg. 

R. setigera Bright 

R. stolterfothll H. Perag. 

R. 8P . *1

Fragilariales 

Fragllarlaceae 

Asterlonella Hass.

A. japonic* Cl. 

Caaplosira Grvin.

C. cymbelliforals (A.S.)Grun. 78,119 0.9 47,110 0.6 20,676 0.3 

Cymatoalra Grun.

C. belglca Grun. 3,241,950 37.2 3,038,610 38.4 2,501,830 38.5 861,734 43.0

C. lorenaiana Grun. 117,179 1.3 94,220 1.2 82,705 1.3 

Diaeregramma Ralfs

D. maculatua (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotla Ehr.

E. sueclce Cl. 

Fragilarla Lyng.

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun. 312,477 3.6 471,101 6.0 227,439 3.5 12,673 .6

F. lapponlca Grun. 

Glyphodesmie Grev.

G. dlstana (Greg.)Grun. 39,060 .4 

Opephora Petit

0. aartyl Herlb.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petlt 78,119 .9 117,775 1.5 20,676 .3 107,717 5.4

0. swartzii (Grun.)Petlt 

Plagiogramaa Grev.

P. pulchellua v. pygaaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Pereg.

P. staurophorua (Greg.)Helb.

P. vanheurckli Grun.

P. wallichianua Grev. 

Rhaphoneis Ehr.

R. aaphlceroe (Ehr.)Ehr. 39,060 .4 20,676 .3 12,673 .6

R. grossenpunctata Hust.

R. surlrelle (Ehr.)Grun. 351,536 4.0 188,440 2.4 248,115 3.8 44,354 2.2

R. R. eurlrella v. auetralls Petit sp. If 

Synedra Ehr.

S. aaphicephala v. austrlaca (Grun.)Huet.

S. faslculata v. truncate (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellarla Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallailothrlx Cl. and Grun.

T. freuenfeldll (Grun.)Grun.

T. longiaslma Cl. and Grun. 

Trachyephenla Petit

T. acuainate Perag.

Navlculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Aaphora Ehr.

A. angusta v. ventrlcoia (Greg.)Cl. 39,060 .4 6,336 .3

A. caluaetlca (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutluicula Kutz. 47,110 .6 41,353 .6 25,345 1.3

A. ovalli (Kutz.)Kutz. 23,555 .3 41,353 .6

A. perpmilla Grun.

A. proteoldei Hust. 6,336 .3 

Cyabella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz. 23,555 .3
108 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

13

1340

14

1355

15

1415

16

1430

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent Percent

Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Goaphoneaac eae 

Goaphoneaa Ehr. 

G. tripunctatua v.

Herib.) Patr.

Entoaoneidaceae 

Entoaonei« Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagiotropis Pfitz.

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Reia.

Naviculaceae

Anoaonei« Pfitz. 

A. sp.nFl

elongata (Perag. and

Caloneis Cl.

C. oregonica (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. boabus Ehr.

D. didyaa (Ehr.) Ehr.

D. elliptic* (Rutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalig v. obloogella (Maeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schum.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulia Rabh.

F. interposita (Lewis)Cl. 

Gyros igaa Has*.

G. exili* (Grun.)Reim.

G. exiad.ua (Thwaites)Boyer 

Mastogloia Thwaites

M. apiculata W.Sa.

M. ainutissaa Voigt

M. puaila v. papuarua Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. aaaophila Grun.

39,060 0.4

70,665

47,110

23,555

23,555

70,665

N. anglica v. «ub«al«a (Grun.)Cl.

N. eapitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. foraenterae Cl.

H. gregaria Donk.

H. Yuami Must.

N. ilopangoensis Bust.

N. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. litoricola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfs

N. enisculus Schum.

H. aicrocephala Grun.

N. ainima Grun.

N. inmcula Grun.

H. urali« Grun.

N. autica Kutz.

N. autica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

H. autica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculosa Hilae

N. pupula v. autata (Krasske)Hust.

H. pygaaea Kutz.

N. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. scopulorum Breb.

39,060 .4

39,060 .4

39,060 .4

23,555

23,555

117,775

117,775

39,060 .4

47,110

70,665

70,665

47,110

0.9 

.6 

.3 

.3 

.9

62,029

82,705

41,353

.3 41,353

.3 20,676

1.5 62,029

1.5 103,381

41,353

144,734

1.0 

1.3

.6

.6 

.3

1.0

1.6 

.6

2.2

20,676

41,353

.3 

.6

31,681

6,336

6,336

12,673

6,336

19,009

12,673

44,354

12,673

1.6 

.3

.3 

.6

.3

63,363 3.2

12,673 .6

6,336 .3

.9 

.6

2.2 

.6
TABLES 109 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Sice

location

number: 13 14 15 16

Time: 1340 1355 1415 1430

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. govereignae Hust. 23,555 0.3

N. tenelloides Must. 39,060 0.4 117,775 1.5 62,029 1.0 

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory 

N. yarrensis Grun.

Pinnularia Ehr.

P eurosigna W.Sm.

bogoten»i» (Grun.)Cl.

quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

gubcapitata Greg.

angulatum (Quek.)W.Sm.

aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sm.

delicatulum W.Sm.

hamuliferun Brun.

naviculaceun Breb.

salinarun (Grun.)Grun.

speciosua W.Sm.

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl. 6,336 0.3

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodi»cu» Ehr.

C. birostratm Deby. 

Surirella Turpin

S. gemaa Ehr. 20,676 .3 

S. ovata Kutz.

Unknown taxa 

Unknown f8

Totals, in valves per cubic centimeter 8,710,330 100.0 7,914,620 100.0 6,492,400 100.0 2,002.280 100.0
110 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 17 18 19 

Time: 1720 1450 1914

Percent Percent Percent 

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

Bacillariophyta 

Bac lllariophyceae 

Achnanthales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjickii subs p. lorenziana 45,132 1.0

A. cuviroBtrum Grun.

A. hauckiana Grun. 226,658 2.1 214,378 4.9 190,392 3.1

A. lanceolate v. dubia Grun. 169.994 1.6

A. linearis (w.Sm.)Grun.

A. minutissina Kutz.

A. temperei M. Perag. 11,283 .3

Cocconeis Ehr.

C. costata Greg.

C. dlmlnuta Pant. 84,997 .8 11,283 .3 81,596 1.3

C. di'sculus (Schum.)Cl. 33,849 .8

C. distans Greg.

C. scute Hum Ehr.

Bacillariallas 

Nitzschiaceae 

Bacillaria Gael.

B. paradoxa Gael. 28,332 .3 27,199 .4

Cylindrotheca Rabh. 

C. closterium (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew.

Uantzschia Grun.

H. amphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag.

Nitzschia Uass.

N. amphibia Grun. 28,332 .3 27,199 .4

N. brittoni Hag.

N. clausii Hantz.

N. communis Rabh. 13,599 .2

N. compressa (Bail.)Boyer 28,332 .3 54,398 .9

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs 113,329 1.1

N. dissipata (Kutz.)Grun. 56,665 .5

N. fasciculate (Grun.)Grun. 28,332 .3

M. f'iliformis (W.Sm.)V.H. 56,665 .5 11,283 .3

N. fonticola Grun. 56665 .5 22,566 .5 27,199 .4

N. frustuium (Kutz.) Grun.

N. granulata Grun. 283.323 2.7 45,132 1.0 67,997 1.1

N. hungarica Grun.

N. longissima (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenziana v. subtilis Grun. 56,665 .5

N. microcephala Grun.

N. navicularis (Breb.)Grun.

M. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelliformis Grun. 113,329 1.1 27,199 .4

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm. 254,991 2.4 176,792 2.9 

N. panduriformis Greg. 198,326 1.9 13,599 .2

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun. 84.997 .8 108,795 1.8

N. scolaris (Ehr.)W.Sm.

N. s'i'gma (Kutz.)W.Sm. 

N. stagsorum (Rabh.)Grun.

M. sublinaaris Bust.

N. thermalis v. minor Hilse 56,665 .5

N. triblionella Hantz.

Epithemiales 

Eplthemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. muscula (Kutz. )0. Mull.

R. muscula v. constricta (Breb.)

Perag. and Perag.

22 

1930

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

49,669 3.6 

9,934 .7

9,934 .7 

14,901 1.1 

19,867 1.4 

4,967 .4

19,867 1.4

9,934 .7 

9,934 .7

14,901 1.1 

44,702 3.2

9,934 .7
TABLES

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

111

Site 

location 

number: 17 18 19 

Time: 1720 1450 1914

Percent Percent Percent 

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray 

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey

B. granulata Roper

B. pulchella Gray

Eucampla Ehr. 

Eunotograana Weisse

E. laeva Grun. 113,329 1.1 135,396 3.1 27,199 .4

E. aarinua (W.Sm.)Perag. 28,332 .3 67,997 1.1

Streptotheca Shrub. 

S. thaaensis Shrub.

Terpsinoe Ehr. 

T. ausica Ehr.

Trlceratiua Ehr.

T. alternans Ball.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulua Ehr.

Coscinodiscaceae 

Actinoptychus Ehr. and V.H. 

A. undulatus (Ball.)Ralfs 56,665 .5 33,849 .8

Actinocyclus Ehr. 

A. ehrenbergll v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

A. sp. fl

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. sp. H

Cosclnodiscus Ehr.

C. cent rait s Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun. 28,332 .3 11,283 .3

C. excentricus Ehr. 84,997 .8 11.283 .3 190.392 3.1

C. llneatus Ehr. 84,997 .8 33.849 .8 67,997 1.1

C. aarglnatus Ehr. 84,997 .8 22,566 .5

C. nitidus Greg. 169,994 1.6 112,830 2.6 95,196 1.6

C. radiatus Ehr. 198,326 1.9 90,264 2.1 40,798 .7

Cyclotella Kutz. 

C. atoaus Bust. 84,997 .8

C. aeneghiniana Kutz. 28.332 .3 33,849 .8 190,392 3.1

C. strlata (Kutz.)Grun. 311,655 2.9 45,132 1.0 67,997 1.1

Cylindropyxis Hendey 

C. treaulas Hendey 113,329 1.1 45,132 1.0

Henidiscus Wall.

H. veissflogi (Grun.)Hust.

Meloslra Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

H. nuaauloldes (Dillw.)Ag.

M. sulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 226,658 2.1 112,830 2.6 217.591 3.6

Podoslra Ehr.

P. stelliger (Bail.)Mann 28,332 .3

Skeletonema Grev.

S. costatua (Grev.)Cl.

S tephanopyxis (Ehr.) 

S. turrls (Grev.)Ralfs

Thalassioslra Cl.

T. deciplens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluvlatilis Bust.

22 

1930

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

69,536 5.1

14,901 1.1

4,967 .4 

14,901 1.1 

24,834 1.8

64,569 4.7 

24,834 1.8

39,735 2.9

4,967 .4

24,834 1.8

Eupodiscaceae 

Auliscus Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

Eupodiscus Ehr.

E. radiatus Ball.
112 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 17 18 19 22

Time: 1720 1450 1914 1930

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Rhlzosolenlaceae 

Rhlzosolenla Bright. 

R. dellcatula Cl. 

R. fragilissima Berg. 

R. aetlgera Bright 

R. stolterfothll H. Perag. 

R. sp. fl'

Fragilariales 

Fragllarlaceae 

Asterionella Hass.

A. japonica Cl. 

Camplosira Grun.

C. cymbelllformle (A.S.)Grun. 

Cymatosira Grun.

C. belglca Grun. 4,986,480 47.2 2,042,230 46.9 2,760,680 45.3 526,486 38.3

C. lorenslana Grun. 84,997 .8 33,849 .8 108,795 1.8 9,934 .7 

Dimeregramma Ralfs

D. aaculaturn (Cl.)Freng. 4,967 .4 

Eunotia Ehr.

E. suecica Cl. 

Fragilaria Lyng.

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun. 28,332 .3 27,199 .4 14,901 1.1

F. lapponlca Grun. 

Glyphodesnla Grev.

G. distans (Greg.)Grun. 

Opepfaora Petit

0. aartyi Herlb.

0. pacifica (Grun.)Petlt 361,057 8.3 81,596 1.3 44,702 3.2

0. swartzii (Grun.)Petlt 11,283 .3 

Plagiograama Grev.

P. pulchellum v. pygaaea (Grev.) 

Perag. and Perag.

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Helb.

P. vanheurckil Grun.

P. wallichianum Grev. 

Rhaphoneis Ehr.

R. amphiceros (Ehr.)Ehr. 198,326 1.9 27,199 .4 4,967 .4

R. grossenpunctata Hust.

R. surirella (Ehr.)Grun. 113,329 1.1 157,962 3.6 95,196 1.6 19,867 1.4

R. R. ep. surirella fl' v. australis Petit

Synedra Ehr.

S. amphicsphala v. austrlaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. fastculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellarta Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallaslothrix Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldll (Grun.)Grun.

T. longissinta Cl. and Grun. 

Trachyephenia Petit

T. acuminata Perag. 101,547 2.3

Naviculales 

Cynbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr.

A. angusta v. ventrlcosa (Greg.)Cl. 28,332 .3 13,599 .2

A. calumetlca (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag. 28,332 .3

A. acutiuscula Kutz. 33,849 .8 95,196 1.6 14,901 1.1

A. ovalis (Kutz.)Kutz. 90,264 2.1 9,934 .7

A. perpus11la Grun. 11,283 .3

A. proteoldas Hust. 

Cymbella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz.
TABLES

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

113

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

17

1720

18

1450

19

1914

22

1930

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Gomphonemaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr. 

G. tripunctatum v. elongata (Perag. and

Herib.) Patr.

Entomoneidaceae 

Entomoneis Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plagiotropis Pfitz.

P. lepidoptera (Cl.)Reim.

Naviculaceae

Anomoneis Pfitz.

A. spT?l 

Caloneis Cl.

C. oregoniea (Ehr.)Patr. 

Diploneis Ehr.

D. bombus Ehr.

D. didyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elliptica (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendleri (A.S.)Cl.

D. interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalis v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

D. paella (Schum.)Cl. 

Donkinia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Frustulia Rabh.

F. interposita (Lewis)Cl. 

Gyros igma Haas.

G. exilis (Grun.)Reim.

G. eximium (Thwaites)Boyer 

Mastogloia Thwaites

M. apiculata W.Sm.

M. minutissma Voigt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navicula Bory

N. ammophila Grun.

N. anglica v. subsalsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capita ta Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

N. formenterae Cl.

N . gregaria Oonk.

N. humai Hust.

N. ilopangoensis Hust.

N. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. litorieola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfs

N. neniseulus Sebum.

N. mierocephala Grun.

N. minima Grun.

H. minuseula Grun.

N. auralis Grun.

N. autica Kutz.

N. autica v. cohnii (Hilse)Grun.

N. mutica f. undulata (Hilse)Grun.

N. notha Wall.

N. pelliculosa Hilse

N. pupula v. autata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pygmaea Kutz.

N. radiosa v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

N. scopulorum Breb.

84,997

169,994

0.8 

1.6

56,665 .5

198,326 1.9

56,665

56,665

.5

.5

113,329 1.1

56,665 .5

45,132

11,283

56,415

1.0

.3 

1.3

11,283

22,566

22,566

45,132

11,283

45,132

.3 

.5

.5

1.0

.3 

1.0

27,199

13,599

67,997

13,599

27,199

13,599

190,392

13,599

13,599

67,997

13,599

13,599

0.4

.2

1.1

.2 

.4

.2

.2

.2 

1.1

.2 

.2

4,967 0.4

4,967 .4

9,934 .7

4,967 .4

4,967 .4

9,934 .7

3.1 24,834 1.8

4,967 .4

9,934

9,934

24,834

.7

.7

1.8
114 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site 

location 

number: 

Time:

17

1720

18

1450

19

1914

22

1930

Taxa

Percent 

Stand ing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. sovereignae Must.

N. tenelloides Must.

N. tripuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensis Grun.

N. »pp. 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogoteasis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluminensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapitata Greg. 

Pleurosigaa W.S».

P. angulatua (Quek.)W.Sa.

P. aestuarii (Breb.)W.Sa.

P. delicatulua W.S».

P. haauliferua Brun.

P. naviculaceua Breb.

P. alinaruat (Grun.)Grun.

P. pecio»u« W.Sa. 

Seoliopleura Grun.

S. peisonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. aaphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. agpera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Caaplodi»cu« Ebr. 

C. biro«tratu» Deby. 

Surirella Turpin

S. oveta Kutz.

56,665 0.5 9,934 0.7

13,599 0.2

Unknown taxa 

Unknown 18

Totals, in valves per cubic centimeter 10,568,000 100.0 4,355,250 100.0 6,092,570 100.0 1,375,820 100.0
TABLES

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

115

Site 

location 

number: 23 24 25 

Time: 1745 1800 1725

Percent Percent Percent 

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of 

stock total stock total stock total

Bac ill ar lo phy ta 

Bacillariophyceae 

Ac hnant hales 

Achnanthaceae 

Achnanthes Borg

A. baldjick.il subsp. lorenziana

A. cuvirostrum Grun.

A. hauckiana Grun. 61,937 2.1 691,953 9.9 155,786 1.5

A. lanceolata v. dubia Grun.

A. linearis (V.Sm.)Grun.

A. minutissima Kutz.

A. temperei M. Perag. 62,315 .6

Cocconeis Ehr.

C. costata Greg.

C. diminuta Pant. 74,806 1.1

C. disculus (Schua.)Cl.

C. distans Greg.

C. scutellum Ehr.

Bacillarialles 

Nitzschiaceae 

Bacillaria Gael.

B. paradoxa Gael. 7,742 .3 124.629 1.2

Cylindrotheca Rabh. 

C. closterium (Ehr.)Reim. and Lew.

Hantzschia Grun.

H. amphioxys v. minor Perag. and Perag.

Nitzschia Mass.

N. amphibia Grun. 30,969 1.0

N. brittoni Hag. 15.484 .5

N. clausii Hantz.

N. communis Rabh. 93,472 .9

N. compressa (Bail.)Boyer 30,969 1.0 18.701 .3 31.157 .3

N. constricta (Kutz.)Ralfs

N. dissipata (Kutz.)Grun. 30,969 1.0 37,403 .5

N. fasciculata (Grun.)Grun. 31,157 .3

N. filiformis (W.Sm.)V.H. 15,484 .5 186,944 1.8

N. fonticola Grun. 15,484 .5 56,104 .8 62.315 .6

N. frustulum (Kutz.)Grun. 46.453 1.6 186.944 1.8

N. granulata Grun. 123,875 4.2 74,806 1.1 342,730 3.3

N. hungarica Grun.

N. longissiaa (Breb.)Grun.

N. lorenziana v. subtilis Grun. 18,701 .3 124,629 1.2

N. microcephala Grun.

N. navicularis (Breb.)Grun.

N. obtusa W.Sm.

N. obtusa v. scalpelliformis Grun. 23,227 .8

N. palea (Kutz.)W.Sm. 149,612 2.1 155,786 1.5 

N. panduriformis Greg. 77.422 2.6 74.806 1.1 124.629 1.2

N. parvula W.Sm.

N. romana Grun. 62.315 .6

N. scolaris (Ehr.)W.Sm.

N. sigma (Kutz.)W.Sm. 7,742 .3 

N. stagsorum (Rabh.)Grun. 31,157 .3

N. sublinearis Must.

N. thermalis v. minor Hilse 62.315 .6

N. triblionella Hantz.

Epithemiales 

Epithemiaceae 

Rhopalodea O.Mull. 

R. muscula (Kutz. )0. Mull.

R. muscula v. constricta (Breb.)

Perag. and Perag.

26 

1730

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

28 10.9 

3 1.2

9 3.5

5 1.9 

14 5.4

10 3.9 

4 1.6 

20 7.8 

4 1.6 

1 .4 

4 1.6

3 1.2 

1 .4 

4 1.6
116 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

23

1745

24

1800

25

1725

26

1730

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

StandIng of 

stock total

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Eupodiscales 

Biddulphiaceae 

Biddulphia Gray

B. aurita (Lyng.)Breb. and Godey 

B. granulata Roper 

B. pulchella Gray 

Eucaapia Ehr.

Eunotograaaa Weisse

E. laeva Grun.

E. aarinua (W.Sa.)Perag. 

Streptotheca Shrub.

S. thanensiB Shrub. 

Terpainoe Ehr.

T. ausica Ehr. 

Triceration Ehr.

T. alternans Bail.

T. favus Ehr.

T. reticulua Ehr.

Cosclnodiscaceae 

ActinoptychuB Ehr. and V.H.

A. undulatuB (Bail.)Ralfs 

ActinocycluB Ehr.

A. ehrenbergii v. tenella (Breb.)Hust.

A. up. II 

Chaetoceros Ehr.

C. BP. fl 

CoBcinodiBCUB Ehr.

C. centra11B Ehr.

C. curvatulus Grun.

C. excentricuB Ehr.

C. llneatus Ehr.

C. aarglnatuB Ehr.

C. nitidus Greg.

C. radiatuB Ehr. 

Cyclotella Kutz.

C. atoauB Hust.

C. aaneghiniana Kutz.

C. atriata (Kutz.)Grun. 

Cyllndropyxis Hendey

C. treaulas Hendey 

HealdlBcuB Wall.

H. welBBflogl (Grun.)Hust. 

Meloaira Ag.

M. granulata (Ehr.)Ralfs

M. nuaauloldea (Dillw.)Ag.

M. Bulcata (Ehr.)Kutz. 

Podosira Ehr.

P. Btelllger (Bail.)Mann 

Skeletoneaa Grev.

S. coBtatua (Grev.)Cl. 

S tephanopyxia (Ehr.)

S. turriB (Grev.)RalfB 

ThalasBioaira Cl.

T. decipiens (Grun.)Jorg.

T. fluviatiliB Hunt.

7,742

23,227

54,195

23,227

46,453

30,969

15,484

108,390

0.3

.5 

3.7

108,390

523,640

18,701

56,104

18,701

74,806

74,806

37,403

74,806

7.5 

.3

.8

93,472

62,315

.3 

1.1

1.1 

.5

1.1

3.7 112,209 1.6

31,157

280,415

93,472

31,157

186,944

62,315

342,730

0.9 1

26

0.4 

10.1

.6

.3

2.7 

.9

.3

1.8

.6 

3.3

Eupodiscaceae 

AulJBCUB Ehr.

A. caelatus Bail. 

EupodiBcuB Ehr.

E. radiatuB Bail.
TABLES 117

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location

number: 23 24 25 26

Time: 1745 1800 1725 1730

Percent Percent Percent Percent

Taxa Standing of Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total stock total

Rhlzosolenlaceae 

Rhtzosolenla Bright. 

R. delicatula Cl. 

R. fragllisslma Berg. 

R. setlgera Bright 

R. stolterfothll H. Perag. 

R. sp. tl

Fragilarlales 

Fragllarlaceae 

Asterlonella Mass.

A. japonlca Cl. 

Camploslra Grun.

C. cymbelliforals (A.S.)Grun. 1 0.4 

Cymatostra Grun.

C. belgica Grun. 1,169,060 39.6 1,383,900 19.8 3,614,240 35.2 36 14.0

C. lorensiana Grun. 54,195 1.8 31,157 .3 

Dlmeregramma Ralfs

D. maculatum (Cl.)Freng. 

Eunotla Ehr.

E. sueclca Cl. 

Fragilarla Lyng.

F. construens v. venter (Ehr.)Grun. 7,742 .3 74,806 1.1 218,101 2.1

F. lapponica Grun. 

Glyphodesals Grev.

G. dlstans (Greg.)Grun. 205,716 2.9 93,472 .9 

Opephora Petit

0. martyl Herlb.

0. pactftca (Grun.)Petlt 61,937 2.1 1,234,300 17.7

0. swartzlt (Grun.)Petlt 

Plaglogranaa Grev.

P. pulchellum v. pygmaea (Grev.)

Perag. and Perag. 62,315 .6

P. staurophorum (Greg.)Heib.

P. vanheurckii Grun.

P. walllchlanun Grev. 15,484 .5 

Rhaphoneis Ehr.

R. aaphiceros (Ehr.)Ehr. 38,711 1.3 18,701 .3 62,315 .6

R. grossenpunctata Must.

R. surirella (Ehr.)Grun. 69,680 2.4 56,104 .8 186,944 1.8 1 .4

R. surirella v. australls Petit R. sp. fl' 

Synedra Ehr.

S. aaphicephala v. austrlaca (Grun.)Hust.

S. faslculata v. truncata (Grev.)Patr. 

Tabellaria Ehr.

T. fenestrata (Lyng.)Kutz. 

Thallasiothrlx Cl. and Grun.

T. frauenfeldit (Grun.)Grun.

T. longissiaa Cl. and Grun. 

Trachysphenia Petit

T. acumtnata Perag.

Navlculales 

Cymbellaceae 

Amphora Ehr.

A. angusta v. ventricosa (Greg.)Cl.

A. caluaetica (Thorn, and Wolle)M.Perag.

A. acutiuscula Kutz. 149,612 2.1 124,629 1.2 6 2.3

A. ovalis (Kutz.)Kutz. 30,969 1.0 654,550 9.4 93,472 .9 4 1.6

A. perpusllla Grun,

A. proteoides Hust. 18,701 .3 

Cyabella Ag.

C. affinis Kutz. 62,315 .6
118 SEDIMENT IN KINGS BAY AND VICINITY, GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 1982 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

23

1745

24

1800

25

1725

26

1730

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent Percent Percent

Standing of Standing of Standing of

stock total stock total stock total

Gomphonemaceae 

Gomphonema Ehr. 

G. trlpunctatum v.

Berlb.) Patr.

Entomoneldaceae 

Entomonel* Ehr.

E. alata (Ehr.)Ehr. 

Plaglotropl« Pfltz.

P. lepldoptera (Cl.)Relm.

Navlculaceae

Anomonels Pfltz.

elongata (Perag. and

Calonels Cl.

C. oregonlca (Ehr.)Patr. 

Dlplonel* Ehr.

D. boabus Ehr.

D. dldyma (Ehr.)Ehr.

D. elllptlca (Kutz.)Cl.

D. gruendlerl (A.S.)Cl.

D. Interrupta (Kutz.)Cl.

D. ovalIs v. oblongella (Naeg.)Cl.

D. puella (Schum.TciT 

Donklnia Ralfs

D. recta Grun. 

Fru«tulla Rabh.

P. lnterpo«lta (Lewls)Cl. 

Gyro«lgma Hass.

G. exilis (Grun.)Relm.

G. exlmlua (Thwaltes)Boyer 

Ma«toglola Thwaltes

M. aplculata W.Sm.

M. mlnutlssma Volgt

M. pumila v. papuarum Chol. 

Navlcula Bory

N. ammophlla Grun.

N. angllca v. subsalsa (Grun.)Cl.

N. capitata Ehr.

N. cyrptocephala Kutz.

H. formenterae Cl.

N. gregarla Donk.

H. humml Bust.

H. llopangoen«ls Bust.

N. lanceolata (Ag.)Kutz.

N. lltorlcola Grev.

N. lyra Ehr.

N. marina Ralfc

H. menlsculus Schum.

H. mlcrocephala Grun.

H. minima Grun.

N. mlnuecula Grun.

N. muralls Grun.

7,742

30,969

15,484

23,227

30,969

23,227

N. mutlca Kutz.

N. mutlca cohnll (Bllse)Grun.

N. mutlca f. undulata (Bllse)Grun.

H. notha Wall.

N. pelllculosa Bllse

H. pupula v. mutata (Krasske)Hust.

H. pygmaea Kutz.

H. radloea v. tenella (Breb.)Cl.

H. scopulorum Breb.

0.3

1.0 

.5 

.8

1.0 

.8

15,484 .5

54,195 1.8

7,742 .3

38,711 1.3

15,484 .5

155,786

18,701

56,104

37,403

62,315

93,472

62,315

112,209

37,403

18,701

18,701

374,029

37,403

112,209

1.6 218,101

.5

.3

.3

5.4

62,315

62,315

31,157

249,258

93,472

31,157

31,157

.5 186,944

1.6 31,157

280,415

31,157

1.5

.6

.9 

.6

.5 124,629 1.2

186,944 1.8

37,403 .5 124,629 1.2

2.1

.6 

.6

.3 

2.4 

.9 

.3 

.3

1.8 

.3

2.7 

.3

0.4

.4 

.4

.8

1.6

3

38

7

1.2

14.8

2.7

1.2
TABLES 

TABLE 16. Diatom remains in bottom material from selected sites in Kings Bay and vicinity, July 1982 Continued

119

Site

location 

number: 

Time:

23

1745

24

1800

25

1725

26

1730

Taxa

Percent 

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Percent

Standing of 

stock total

Naviculaceae Continued 

Navicula Bory Continued

N. soverelgnae Bust.

N. tenelloldes Bust.

N. trlpuctata (O.Mull.)Bory

N. yarrensls Grun.

M. spp. 

Pinnularia Ehr.

P. bogotensis (Grun.)Cl.

P. quadratacea v. fluminensls (Grun.)Cl.

P. subcapltata Greg. 

Pleuroslgma W.Sra.

P. angulatum (Quek.)W.Sm.

P. aestuarli (Breb.)W.Sm.

P. dellcatulum W.Sm.

P. hamuliferum Brun.

P. naviculaceum Breb.

P. alinarum TCrun.)Grun.

P. speciosum W.Sm. 

Scoliopleura Grun.

S. pelsonis Grun. 

Stauroneis Ehr.

S. amphioxys Greg. 

Trachyneis Cl.

T. aspera (Ehr.)Cl.

Surirellalles 

Surirellaceae 

Camplodlscus Ehr.

C. birostratus Deby. 

Surirella Turpin 

S. gemma Ehr. 

S. ovata Kutz.

15,484

15,484

0.5 155,786 1.5

0.4

.5

.4

Unknown taxa 

Unknown #8

Totals, in valves per cubic centimeter 2,949,770 100.0 6,975,630 100.0 10,282,000 100.0 257 100.0
TABLE 17. Water, salt, and suspended-sediment discharges for consecutive ebbtides andfloodtides at the measurement cross sections at Kings Bay an

[Start and end tides are based on the time of zero velocity, which may differ from the time of maximum and minimum tide heights; , below arbitrary dat

Suspended-sediment 

Cross 

section Date Tide

Flood 

Upper Kings July 10

Bay 

Ebb

Flood 

Lower Kings July 14

Bay 

Ebb

Flood 

Cumberland July 15

Sound 

Ebb

Flood 

St. Marys July 13

Entrance 

Ebb

Tide height 

at start 

and end 

of 

measurement 

period 

(m)

3.67 (start)

3.67 (end)

-.98 (start)

-.75 (end)

-.87 (start)

-.64 (end)

.96 (start)

1.22 (end)

Duration 

of 

tide 

(hrs)

6.8

5.4

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.5

6.2

6.3

Silt plus clay Sand

Water Salt Percent Percent 

discharge discharge of of 

(m3 x 106 ) (kg x 106 ) kg x 103 total kg x 103 total

7.1 203.4 81.1 69 36.5 31

7.2 205.3 145.8 71 59.5 29

12.4 350.4 184.5 72 71.7 28

11.2 321.2 126.4 77 37.8 23

83.3 2,645 1,476 80 369 20

78.8 2,476 1,026 80 256 20

165.0 5,584 2,635 82 578 18

150.3 5,128 1,926 79 512 21