Naval Transformation 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Table of Contents 

I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 

II. TRANSFORMATION IN OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS—ENHANCED 

EMPLOYABILITY............................................................................................................ 8 

A. Global Concept of Operations ................................................................................. 8 

B. Fleet Response Plan............................................................................................... 9 

C. Flexible Deployment Concept ................................................................................. 9 

D. Enhanced Networked Seabasing.......................................................................... 10 

E. Streamlined MAGTF Scalability............................................................................. 10 

F. Maritime Contribution to Joint Forcible Entry Operations ...................................... 10 

III. TRANSFORMATIONAL CAPABILITIES .................................................................. 12 

A. Sea Shield............................................................................................................ 12 

1. Air and Missile Defense (AMD) .......................................................................... 12 

2. Undersea Warfare (USW)................................................................................. 19 

a. Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)...................................................................... 19 

b. Mine Warfare (MIW) ....................................................................................... 26 

3. Anti-Surface Warfare (SUW).............................................................................. 31 

4. Force Protection................................................................................................. 35 

B. Sea Strike............................................................................................................. 39 

1. Deliberate and Time-Sensitive Strike................................................................. 40 

2. Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM)................................................................. 48 

C. Sea Base .............................................................................................................. 56 

D. FORCEnet ............................................................................................................ 63 

1. Networks ............................................................................................................ 64 

2. Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)........................................ 68 

3. Common Operational and Tactical Pictures (COTP).......................................... 74 

IV. TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES........................................................................ 81 

A. People and Culture............................................................................................... 82 

1. Sea Warrior........................................................................................................ 82 

2. Making Marines and MAGTFs............................................................................ 84 

B. Naval Support to Joint Concept Development and Experimentation..................... 87 

C. Science and Technology....................................................................................... 91 

D. Sea Enterprise ...................................................................................................... 92

V. CONCLUSION......................................................................................................... 94 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

I. INTRODUCTION 

Naval transformation will support joint transformation by delivering new military capabilities and

dramatically enhancing current capabilities to protect and advance America’s worldwide 

interests by assuring access and projecting power from the sea. While the Navy – Marine

Corps Team is expanding the entire array of naval capabilities we provide the Nation, our 

transformation is centered upon the development of Seabasing: the concepts and capabilities 

that exploit our command of the sea to project, protect, and sustain integrated warfighting

capabilities from the maritime domain. Seabasing and the supporting tools we are developing 

will usher in dramatic new ways of employing naval forces to deter conflict and, when required, 

to wage war. Throughout, every aspect of naval transformation will be, first and foremost, 

committed to and built upon the principles of jointness. Seabasing will provide new naval

capability options for use by Joint Force Commanders in innovative combinations with the

transformed capabilities of the other Services and Agencies.

The transformation of America’s naval forces is a continuous process, one that includes 

changes in the way we train, educate and employ our people; the way we organize and equip

our warfighting formations; and the processes by which we distinguish and develop the naval

capabilities that will be needed by future joint forces. This Naval Transformation Roadmap

serves to identify the most significant of the enhanced naval capabilities we believe will be 

required by the nation, and captures many of the concrete steps we are taking to achieve them.

It describes how naval forces will achieve the transformational warfighting capabilities needed to 

support the developing Joint Operating Concepts (JOCs) and the six critical operational goals 

described in the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). These naval capabilities are

focused on projecting and sustaining forces in distant anti-access and area denial environments

while protecting against our asymmetric vulnerabilities by exploiting our maritime superiority to 

protect and advance America’s worldwide interests. Naval transformation also supports Sailors,

Marines, civilians, and contractors through the modernization of naval personnel management

systems. Throughout, our naval transformational process is intended to support the

development of Department of Defense capabilities that are jointly integrated from inception,

rather than being merely incorporated by future Joint Force Commanders under the pressure of

emerging crises. The Navy – Marine Corps Team; with its two distinct Services, core

competencies, and cultures; is proud to serve as a model for what can be achieved by different

organizations working towards common ends. 

Today’s Navy - Marine Corps Team is transforming to exploit the emerging joint warfighting

trends of increased speed,

precision, shared awareness,

persistence, and employability.

These themes recur across the 

spectrum of naval capabilities. By 

increasing the speed of response of

forward-deployed, prepositioned,

and surge forces, we give military 

and National leadership more

options earlier in a crisis or conflict.

The shared awareness of elements 

distributed and employed across the 

battlespace gives warfighters a

tremendous advantage in operational tempo. Precision weapons, battlespace knowledge from 

distributed sensors, joint networks, and precision navigation will generate new options for the

Joint Transformation Trends

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Increased Speed 

Routine Precision 

Networked Awareness 

Distributed Sensors 

Greater Persistence 

Yielding Integrated 

Deployment, Employment, & Sustainment

1 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

closer integration of combined arms at every level. Combined with the ability of naval forces to 

conduct operations for extended periods, these capabilities enable the comprehensive design of 

deployable, employable, and sustainable forces that matter, allowing the Joint Force

Commander to exploit the discontinuous battlespace that characterizes modern warfare. 

Naval Transformation...Seabasing 

The Navy – Marine Corps Team’s transformation encompasses and integrates powerful 

extensions to current joint capabilities, as well as a range of innovative new capabilities. 

Seabasing is the overarching expression of our shared vision, incorporating the initiatives that 

will allow the joint force to fully exploit one of this nation’s asymmetric advantages - command of

the sea. Seabasing, a national capability, is our overarching transformational operating concept

for projecting and sustaining naval power and joint forces which assures joint access by

leveraging the operational maneuver of sovereign, distributed, and networked forces operating

globally from the sea. The sea base of the future will be an inherently maneuverable, scalable

aggregation of distributed, networked platforms that enable the global power projection of 

offensive and defensive forces from the sea, and includes the ability to assemble, equip, project,

support, and sustain those forces without reliance on land bases within the Joint Operations 

Area. Seabasing unites our capabilities for projecting offensive power, defensive power, 

command and control, mobility and sustainment around the world. It will enable commanders to

generate high tempo operational maneuver by making use of the sea as a means of gaining

advantage. 

The inherent mobility, security, and flexibility of naval forces provide an effective counter to

emerging military and political limitations to overseas access. Seabasing will maximize the

ability of the naval elements of the joint force to conduct sustained, persistent combat 

operations from the maritime domain, minimize limitations imposed by reliance on overseas

shore-based support, and enable the transformed joint force to exploit our Nation’s asymmetric

advantage in the seaspace. Seabasing provides the dynamic access, speed of response,

flexibility, and persistent sustainment capabilities necessary to execute combat operations 

ashore, exploiting the maneuver space provided by the sea to enable and conduct joint

operations at a time and place of our choosing. 

Naval Force Development 

Naval force development is guided by our ever-evolving vision of future warfighting. Just as the

Department of Defense’s transformation strategy is “hinged” upon the JOCs, enhanced naval

capabilities are based on naval concepts that describe how the 

Navy - Marine Corps Team will operate as an integrated naval

force from now through 2020 in a joint and multinational 

environment. Fusing the concepts, capabilities, and core

competencies expressed in the Navy's Service vision Sea 

Power 21 and the Marine Corps' capstone concept

Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare (EMW), the Naval Operating 

Concept for Joint Operations (NOC) provides overarching 

guidance for the development of future naval forces and the

basis for incorporating new naval concepts within a broader 

joint context. It describes how the Navy - Marine Corps Team 

will operate across the full range of military operations in the 

near-, mid- and far-term. It also serves as the foundation for 

further naval participation in the iterative development of JOCs.

2 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

The NOC is more than a significant step in the integration of the Navy and Marine Corps 

cultures and capabilities. It is a practical demonstration of the ability of different Services to

integrate their force development processes by focusing on a common endstate, just as the 

Secretary of Defense requires in his Transformation Planning Guidance. 

Documents including the JOCs, the NOC, and a variety of more focused concepts allow us to 

identify the capabilities that will be required to ensure that the joint force will succeed against a

wide variety of threats. Ongoing efforts within the Department of Defense to identify and

integrate Department of Defense capabilities will shape the transformation of the Department of 

the Navy, while the naval Services’ active participation within those efforts will ensure a more 

robust and sound framework for future joint capabilities. As separate Services, the Navy and 

Marine Corps each then have distinct force development methods that allow us to maximize the

value of the core competencies we bring to joint force development. The Navy's Naval 

Capability Development Process (NCDP) includes extensive participation by Navy and Marine 

Corps warfighters to identify, validate, and prioritize Navy capabilities required by the joint force, 

while the Marine Corps' Expeditionary Force Development System (EFDS) produces the

capabilities defined in the singular EMW Capability List (ECL) for integration across the entire

Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF). Far from being merely equal, however, the NCDP 

and EFDS are mutually supporting, with defined interconnections between the two. 

These linkages begin with the shared vision expressed in the NOC. The Navy - Marine Corps 

Team then utilizes a common force development construct, the Naval Capability Pillars, to allow 

us to identify capabilities of common interest and joint importance. This common construct

includes the dual identification of critical naval capabilities, such as Theater Air and Missile 

Defense (TAMD) and Ship-To-Objective Maneuver (STOM), for integrated development. The

NCDP and EFDS provide for mutual participation in critical inputs, including naval 

experimentation and wargaming through the Sea Trial process, as well as naval science and 

technology investment via the Office of Naval Research. The processes also generate mission

level capability metrics useful in addressing the six critical transformational goals and the JOCs.

The production of a multi-Service Naval Transformation Roadmap itself helps focus Navy and 

Marine Corps planners and programmers, and serves as a common front end for subsequent

budget cycles. The development of a selectively integrated naval force development system

remains a work in progress, as we continue to determine the best methods for bringing our

processes together and aligning them to the joint process while retaining our individual expertise 

in specific functions. 

S FO RCEnet Sea Strike

Sea Base

Sea Shield

Sea Base

Sea Shield

Strike

A series of Navy – Marine Corps capabilities to operationalize Seabasing are being developed 

through four interdependent and synergistic Naval Capability Pillars (NCPs). Condensed titles

for broad groups of naval capabilities, Sea 

Shield, Sea Strike, and Sea Base summarize 

the naval tools that will help Joint Force

Commanders produce and exploit a

discontinuous battlespace within which 

distributed and sustainable surface, subsurface, air, ground and space elements form a 

unified force that assures access and projects

both offensive power and defensive capability.

These capabilities will come alive in the hands of 21st century Sailors and Marines enabled by

FORCEnet, an emerging, integrated information technology backplane that combines state of

the art sensors, networks, decision aids, weapons and supporting systems, integrated into a 

single comprehensive maritime command and control network. When combined with the

3 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

capabilities of the other Services in accordance with a series of new joint concepts, these 

advanced naval concepts and capabilities will help create an integrated, multi-dimensional

operational maneuver space. Within this maneuver space the Joint Force Commander will 

project power and protect joint forces from the most independent, exploitable, and secure

portion of the battlespace -- the sea.

Sea Shield describes the capabilities that extend precise and persistent naval defensive

capabilities not only throughout large maritime areas, but also deep overland to protect joint 

forces and allies ashore. Sea Shield will assist the joint force in operating effectively despite 

adversary efforts to deny theater access to U.S. forces. It will achieve these goals by exploiting 

global sea control to defeat enemy area denial threats including aircraft, missiles, small littoral 

surface combatants, mines, and submarines. Sea Shield helps assure allies, deter adversaries, 

and generate operational freedom of action for the projection of naval and joint power.

Sea Strike describes the naval capabilities to project dominant and decisive offensive power 

from the sea in support of joint objectives. These capabilities include and integrate long-range,

precise aircraft and missile fires; large-volume covert strike capability; high-tempo decisive 

maneuver; Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS); maritime special operations; and information 

operations to capitalize on the strategic agility, operational maneuverability, precise weapons 

employment, battlespace influence capabilities and persistent sustainment of naval forces. By 

providing full connectivity to, and the core of an early in-theater network backbone for a powerful

grid of national, joint, and sea-based sensors, the immediately employable naval elements of

the joint force will be able to degrade the enemy’s ability to effectively command and control and

offer an array of capabilities to strike or assault with speed measured in minutes, precision 

measured in a few meters, and volume of fire measured in many hundreds of fixed or mobile

aimpoints struck per day. 

Sea Base describes the capabilities that allow naval forces to exploit the maneuver space

provided by U.S. control of the sea. It includes those capabilities that provide unimpeded 

mobility and persistent sustainment. Incorporating the complementary characteristics of

amphibious, maritime prepositioning, and critical connecting platforms, Sea Base capabilities 

provide movement without the need for permission or infrastructure, and logistics without fixed 

and vulnerable stockpiles ashore. Sea Base capabilities will minimize limitations imposed by

reliance on overseas shore-based support, maximize the ability of the naval elements of the

joint force to conduct sustained, persistent combat operations from the maritime domain, and

enable the transformed joint force to exploit our Nation’s asymmetric advantage in the

seaspace. 

FORCEnet, as the integral naval component of the Department of Defense (DoD)-wide

Internet Protocol-based advanced network, will provide the open architecture and building 

blocks that integrate sensors, networks, decision aids, weapons, warriors, and supporting 

systems into a highly adaptive, human-centric, comprehensive system that operates from

seabed to space and from sea to land. By facilitating comprehensive battlespace awareness, it

will support the attainment of dimensional superiority by geographically dispersed forces as they

execute a wide variety of missions across the entire range of military operations. It is focused

on accelerating the speed and accuracy of information gathering, assessment, decision and

action at every level of command. FORCEnet includes assured access to networks and

information through secure administration of networks and robust Computer Network Defense in 

Depth strategies. 

4 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Naval Capability Pillars and the Joint Operating Concepts (JOCs) 

The naval capabilities produced across the interdependent and synergistic Sea Shield, Sea 

Strike, Sea Base, and FORCEnet Naval Capability Pillars will support each of the developing

JOCs. The Naval Capability Pillars are integrated to support the Deployment, Employment, and

Sustainment continuum described especially in the Major Combat Operations (MCO) JOC.

Specific capabilities such as Sea Shield’s layered Air and Missile Defense and Force Protection 

support the Homeland Security and Strategic Deterrence JOCs, while Sea Strike’s Deliberate 

and Time-Sensitive Strike and Ship-To-Objective Maneuver (STOM) provide the integrated fire 

and maneuver required by both MCO and Strategic Deterrence. Sea Base will be a critical 

enabler for the Force Projection required by the Strategic Deterrence JOC, and is especially

useful in supporting the Focused Logistics and Joint Command and Control required for Stability 

Operations. FORCEnet will provide the collaborative connectivity described by each of the

JOCs, and enables each of the other Naval Capability Pillars. Figure 1 shows the applicability

of each transformational naval capability to each of the JOCs. 

Common Operational & Tactical Pictures √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √

Intelligence, Surveillance & 

Reconnaissance

Networks √ √ √ √

FORCEnet

Sea Base √ √ √

Ship to Objective Maneuver √ √ √

Deliberate & Time-Sensitive Strike √ √ √

Sea Strike

Force Protection √ √ √ √

Anti-Surface Warfare √ √ √

Mine Warfare √ √

Anti-Submarine Warfare √

Air & Missile Defense √ √ √

Sea Shield

Homeland

Security

Strategic

Deterrence

Stability

Operations

Major 

Combat 

Operations

Common Operational & Tactical Pictures √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √

Intelligence, Surveillance & 

Reconnaissance

Networks √ √ √ √

FORCEnet

Sea Base √ √ √

Ship to Objective Maneuver √ √ √

Deliberate & Time-Sensitive Strike √ √ √

Sea Strike

Force Protection √ √ √ √

Anti-Surface Warfare √ √ √

Mine Warfare √ √

Anti-Submarine Warfare √

Air & Missile Defense √ √ √

Sea Shield

Homeland

Security

Strategic

Deterrence

Stability

Operations

Major 

Combat 

Operations

Figure 1: Contribution of Naval Transformational Initiatives to Joint Operational Concepts 

5 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Naval Capability Pillars and the QDR Six Critical Operational Goals 

Naval transformation addresses the operational challenges cited in the 2001 Quadrennial 

Defense Review Report. Figure 2 shows the applicability of each of the capabilities to the QDR 

goals. 

Protecting

Critical Bases of 

Operations

Protecting and

Sustaining U.S.

forces in Distant 

Anti-Access or 

Area Denial

Environments

and Defeating

Anti-Access 

Threats

Denying

Enemies

Sanctuary

Through 

Persistent

Surveillance,

Tracking, and 

Rapid 

Engagement 

With HighVolume

Precision

Strikes

Assuring

Information 

Systems in the 

Face of Attack

and Conducting

Effective and 

Discriminate

Offensive

Information 

Operations

Enhancing the 

Capability and 

Survivability of

Space Systems

and Supporting

Infrastructure

Leveraging

Information 

Technology and

Innovative

Concepts to

Develop an

Interoperable,

Joint C4ISR

Architecture and 

Capability That

Includes a 

Tailorable Joint

Operational

Picture

Air & Missile Defense ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Anti-Submarine Warfare ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Mine Warfare ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Anti-Surface Warfare ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Force Protection ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Deliberate & Time-Sensitive Strike ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Ship to Objective Maneuver ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Sea Base ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Networks ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Intelligence, Surveillance & 

Reconnaissance ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠

Common Operational & Tactical

Pictures ♠ ♠ ♠ ♠♠♠ ♠ ♠

Legend: ** - Strongly Supports * - Supports

FORCEnet

Sea Shield

Sea Strike

Figure 2: Contribution of Naval Transformational Initiatives to QDR Objectives 

Protecting critical bases. Sea Shield air and missile defense capabilities, enabled by

FORCEnet, and supported by precise, timely attack operations on enemy missile capabilities 

from Sea Strike, will play a major role in the protection of critical bases of operations from 

threats in all dimensions-- air, sea, undersea, ground, and cyber. Furthermore, the use of the 

mobile, protected, enhanced, networked sea-based forces will significantly reduce U.S. basing

vulnerability. 

Projecting and sustaining U.S. forces. Naval initiatives in Sea Strike, Sea Shield, and

Sea Base supported by FORCEnet, will enable joint forces to gain and maintain access to

critical theaters of operation despite enemy anti-access or area denial efforts. Sea Base will 

provide a dynamic “platform” to project and sustain forces, while integrating strategic,

operational, and tactical maneuver. The naval combat power projected includes Sea Strike’s 

offensive capabilities, Sea Shield’s defensive capabilities, and FORCEnet’s early arriving

battlespace awareness and decision superiority, all of which create an operational advantage

for joint force exploitation. 

Denying enemies sanctuary. The sustainable strategic agility, tactical flexibility, and

operational reach of naval forces operating from the sea base will enable joint forces to locate 

and engage critical mobile and fixed targets with integrated combinations of complementary air 

and ground capabilities, at various ranges and in all weather and terrain. Sea Shield will protect

the forward deployed force, increasing the on-station collection persistence of airborne, ground,

surface ship, and subsurface sensors, both manned and unmanned. FORCEnet will integrate

and enhance the dynamic tasking, cross-cueing, and effectiveness of these sensors. 

FORCEnet, in conjunction with enhanced Sea Strike capabilities, projected and coordinated 

6 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

from the sea base, will enable high volume precision strikes, including fires, maneuver, and nonkinetic effects. 

Assuring information systems. FORCEnet initiatives will provide a secure and robust 

architecture based on a defense-in-depth approach to operations in support of the joint 

commander, including intrusion detection and other measures to secure naval information

networks against compromise. The use of distributed sensors, particularly those based at sea 

beyond the ready reach of the adversary, will provide both added redundancy and decreased

vulnerability to capability/service interruptions. Sea Strike will employ offensive information

operations to shape and control the enemy information environment and help enable the

projection of precise military force. 

Enhancing space systems. Transformational initiatives associated with the creation of

FORCEnet will provide additional security to the sea-based and shore-based infrastructure 

through which the Navy - Marine Corps Team ties into and exploits the national space 

architecture. Forward, operational-level joint command and control provided through the sea 

base will also enable the projection of offensive fires and maneuver within denied areas. These

offensive capabilities can be used to deny an enemy’s ability to exploit space. 

Leveraging Information Technology. FORCEnet efforts will include the development of a 

common operational and tactical picture (COTP), based on a combination of information from 

naval assets, national assets, and other Service, joint and coalition assets available in the 

battlespace. As the provider of forward, sea-based command and control for the Joint force,

these naval capabilities will sometimes provide the COTP, and in other cases, provide relevant,

appropriately formatted data inputs that supports the presentation of the COTP by another lead

element of the Joint force. 

At its core, transformation is based on a willingness to constantly challenge old thinking and

introduce new concepts. Most important are the processes that are put in place to 

institutionalize a culture that promotes and rewards the introduction of new concepts and 

thinking. Guided by the JOCs and NOC, and framed by the Naval Capability Pillars of Sea 

Shield, Sea Strike, Sea Base and FORCEnet, naval transformation will utilize new 

organizational constructs and operational schemes that challenge the deployment and 

employment models that have governed the operations of naval forces for years. The Navy and 

Marine Corps are working synergistically to develop the capabilities called for by the NOC, 

which we believe will be consistent with those called for in the JOCs once approved. The

remainder of this document describes these aspects of transformation. 

7 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

II. TRANSFORMATION IN OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS—ENHANCED 

EMPLOYABILITY 

“Our security will require transforming the military...a military that must be ready to 

strike at a moment’s notice in any dark corner of the world.” 

President George W. Bush, 01 June 2002 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Organized to Meet New Requirements 

Increased Employability

Enhanced Networked Seabasing 

Seamless Scalability

Joint Forcible Entry Operations

The demands of the Global War on Terrorism have underscored the need for forces that can 

quickly be deployed to any “dark corner of the world,” and arrive ready for the entire range of 

combat operations. The forward expeditionary nature and rapid surge capability of the Navy - 

Marine Corps Team combine to make our Services ideally suited to meet these challenges by 

providing combat-ready forces nearly anywhere in the world, by projecting decisive power with

sea-based forces, and by enabling the rapid arrival of transformed combat-ready forces from

other Services and Agencies. 

We are transforming the

methods by which we organize 

and train, deploy, and employ

naval forces to enhance our

ability to rapidly transition across 

the continuum from peacetime 

deterrence operations to major 

combat operations. The Global 

Concept of Operations was developed to guide our planning to distribute naval striking power 

simultaneously to a greater number of locations, deterring aggression, providing immediate 

response, and setting conditions for the rapid deployment of additional forces. A number of 

innovative initiatives are being developed to increase the employability of the various elements

of the naval force. Seamless Scalability of our Marine Air-Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs) will

allow us to more rapidly close and combine additional forces, increasing operational tempo and

seizing early opportunities for Joint Force Commanders. Interwoven combinations of

transformed forward-deployed, pre-positioned, and surge capabilities will support Joint Forcible 

Entry Operations by leveraging the speed and mobility gained by our control of the maritime

domain. 

A. Global Concept of Operations 

The Navy and Marine Corps met the challenges of the Cold War by deploying in Carrier Battle

Groups and Amphibious Ready Groups, which carry Marine Expeditionary Units (Special

Operations Capable), both supported by the Combat Logistics Force and supplemented by the 

Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF). Now we are transforming that force to meet the 

challenges of the Global War on Terrorism by implementing a new Global Concept of 

Operations. 

To support the forward deterrent and rapid response requirements of today and tomorrow, new 

organizational constructs such as the Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and Expeditionary Strike

Group (ESG) are being instituted as key components of the global integrated naval force. 

Organizing naval deployments around ESGs and CSGs will increase the number of 

independently employable naval strike groups that provide Regional Combatant Commanders

with greater operational freedom and scalable joint response options. In the far term, forward

naval operating forces will be organized into an Expeditionary Strike Force (ESF), elements of 

8 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

which will train together to ensure readiness for a wide range of contingencies. The ESF will

consist of CSGs, ESGs, and Maritime Prepositioning Groups (MPGs). The ESF can be

enhanced with the introduction of forcible entry-capable Marine Expeditionary Brigades in 

combination with in-theater assets. The ESF will bring complementary capabilities to Air Force

Air and Space Expeditionary Task Forces, Army Future Forces, and Joint Special Operations

Forces for integrated joint operations across the spectrum of conflict. 

B. Fleet Response Plan 

The requirement to be able to swiftly defeat aggression in overlapping conflicts called for in the 

2001 QDR has necessitated a focus on developing new surge capabilities to complement and

capitalize on our current competency in providing immediately employable forward-deployed 

naval forces. The recently created Fleet Response Plan (FRP) will significantly increase the

rate at which we can augment deployed forces as contingencies require. Under the regular

rotation approach, the training, manning, maintenance, and readiness funding practices of the

Inter-Deployment Readiness Cycle (IDRC) were optimized to meet the requirements of Global 

Naval Forward Presence Policy. While a modest number of forward deployed units were at

peak readiness, the majority of ships and associated units were not deployed and thus at a 

point in their IDRC that made it difficult and expensive to swiftly "surge" to a crisis, conflict or for

Homeland Defense. 

The FRP features a change in readiness posture that institutionalizes an enhanced surge

capability for the Navy. Under the guidance of Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC), a 

revised IDRC is being developed that meets the demand for a more responsive force. With 

refined maintenance, modernization, manning and training processes, as well as fully-funded 

readiness accounts, the Fleet can consistently sustain a level of at least 6 surge-capable carrier 

strike groups, with two additional strike groups able to deploy within approximately 90 days of 

an emergency order. In parallel with this, the Naval Reserve Force is embarked on a fully

integrated active-reserve transformation to a more flexible unit structure. Part of this 

transformation is focused on providing a rapid surge capability of skilled aviators who have 

trained with active-duty units to reinforce them and rapidly boost their ability to generate combat 

sorties. 

C. Flexible Deployment Concept 

The enhanced and expanded readiness availability delivered by the Fleet Response Plan

provides the President with unprecedented responsiveness. Instead of predictable, lock-step,

6-month deployments to pre-determined regions in support of the Global Naval Forward

Presence Policy, the Flexible Deployment Concept allows units that have attained high

readiness to embark on deployments of varied duration in support of specific national priorities

such as Homeland Defense, multi-national exercises, security cooperation events, deterrent

operations, or prosecution of the Global War on Terrorism...often in multi-Carrier Strike Group

formations. These deployments provide “presence with a purpose” and can also occur in less 

predictable patterns, thereby forcing potential adversaries to adjust to our operational timelines.

The sustained readiness created via the Fleet Response Plan will enable the Flexible

Deployment Concept. 

Flexible Deployment Concept implementation will occur under the emerging Joint Presence 

Policy. Naval implementation of these new presence requirements will be carefully monitored to

ensure that schedules and OPTEMPO standards are adhered to so that our unprecedented

force levels will not result in uncertainties for our sailors or allies. 

9 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

D. Enhanced Networked Seabasing

The recent Navy-Marine Corps concept for Enhanced Networked Seabasing (ENS), a 

subordinate operating concept that supports the NOC, provides a vision for how the naval 

Services will use more employable naval forces to provide Joint Force Commanders (JFCs) with

the ability to project and sustain multi-dimensional power from the sea. Recognizing that the

declining number of overseas bases, and the uncertain degree of future of host nation support,

ENS exploits the strategic, operational, and tactical mobility available to those who control the 

sea. More than just a collection of platforms, it is a new way of projecting, employing, and

sustaining expeditionary naval forces to support and enhance the enduring missions of the

naval Services: sea control, deterrence, forward presence, and power projection. ENS provides

a “place” for increasingly employable naval forces to surge “to”, whether they are supporting

theater security cooperation efforts and the demands of the Global War on Terror or conducting

Major Combat Operations. The sea base will integrate: Joint Command and Control 

capabilities; Expeditionary Strike Groups, Marine Expeditionary Brigades, Carrier Strike Groups, 

Maritime Prepositioning Forces, Combat Logistics Forces; and emerging high-speed sealift and

lighterage technologies. Reflecting the synergy achieved through the use of combined arms,

ENS will concentrate the many technical improvements in naval warfighting systems and 

networked naval forces – both current and future. Enhanced Networked Seabasing enables 

forward deterrence and assures access from the sea for the joint force without dependence on

static land bases, ports or airfields in the Joint Operations Area (JOA). Like the NOC, ENS also 

demonstrates the ability of the Navy – Marine Corps Team to develop and pursue a common

vision that enables and exploits the capabilities being developed by the other Services and 

Agencies.

E. Streamlined MAGTF Scalability

Recent operations including ENDURING FREEDOM and IRAQI FREEDOM reaffirmed the 

scalability and tailorability of our MAGTFs. The ability to rapidly combine Marine forces from 

around the world under a single commander provides joint warfighters with a powerful 

operational advantage, one that enables the potential of other joint capabilities. As the Navy –

Marine Corps Team pursues innovative methods such as Seabasing to support the JOCs,

however, we are working to speed the seamless blending of Marine Corps units from around the

globe as crises demand. The ability to more rapidly fuse MAGTFs from in-and out-of theater

along with integrated naval tactical aviation and other elements of the flow-in echelon to support

our single battle concept will require careful consideration of our MAGTF training and readiness 

cycles. The experimentation campaign SEA VIKING 04 is being developed in part to help 

support key decisions and strategies to support this goal. Along with the Navy’s transformation

in the operational availability of our ESGs and CSGs, streamlined scalability of our MAGTFs will

provide Joint Force Commanders with superior strategic agility by more rapidly and effectively

integrating forward-deployed, pre-positioned, and surge forces. 

F. Maritime Contribution to Joint Forcible Entry Operations

Building on the Global Concept of Operations, the Fleet Response Plan, and the Flexible

Deployment and Enhanced Networked Seabasing concepts, maritime Joint Forcible Entry 

Operations (JFEO) forces provide flexible and adaptable warfighting capabilities, staying power, 

and self-sufficiency that are uniquely tailored for creating opportunities for early-entry 

capabilities of other joint and coalition forces. The capabilities required to execute Forcible

Entry – providing strategic agility, operational reach, and tactical flexibility- will also allow new 

methods for conducting a wide range of operations across the spectrum of conflict. In addition, 

10 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

the utilization of naval forces in these types of contingencies enables a compressed timeline for

planning and movement. 

The naval concepts for maritime JFEO support parallel—vice sequential—execution of all 

phases of forcible entry with a shortened time of response. They provide for the simultaneous

defeat of a multi-dimensional threat without in-theater host nation support. These concepts 

enable a rapid, scalable, pre-emptive Joint Forcible Entry capability, tailored to the threat and

mission. By the 2015 time frame, naval forces employing ESGs, CSGs, Amphibious Forces,

and MPF(Future)-equipped MPGs will provide the sea-based assets required to ensure

dominance across the joint operating area, and compress the timeline for assembling a MEB to

7-14 days. This concept will transform naval forces’ ability to conduct forcible entry and will 

preclude the adversary’s integration of his anti-access capabilities against joint and coalition

efforts. 

 

11 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

III. TRANSFORMATIONAL CAPABILITIES 

The Navy and Marine Corps are working in a synergistic fashion to transform the capabilities in 

each of the Naval Operational Concept’s Naval Capability Pillars: Sea Shield, Sea Strike, Sea

Base, and FORCEnet. 

A. Sea Shield 

The Navy – Marine Corps Team will provide the naval defensive capabilities that will enable the

joint force to operate effectively despite adversary efforts to deny theater access to U.S. forces. 

Sea Shield will extend precise and persistent naval defensive capabilities not only throughout 

large maritime areas, but also deep overland to protect joint forces and allies ashore. We will

achieve these goals by exploiting global sea control to defeat enemy area denial/anti-access 

threats including aircraft, missiles, small littoral surface combatants, mines, and submarines; as 

well as terrorist and asymmetric threats, both in CONUS and abroad. The sections that follow 

discuss transformational concepts and capabilities being pursued within the Sea Shield mission

capability areas of air and missile defense, undersea warfare, anti-surface warfare, and force 

protection. .

• 

• 

• 

Assure Access for the Joint Force 

Project Defense Around Friends & Joint Forces at Sea & Ashore

Provide a Sea-Based Layer of Homeland Defense

1. Air and Missile Defense (AMD) 

Key Elements of Transformational Improvements in Air and Missile Defense. 

Transformational efforts in air and missile defense focus on two areas: the initial deployment of

sea-based ballistic missile defense capability, and dramatically improved and integrated air and 

cruise missile defenses. Efforts in ballistic missile defense will provide a completely new seabased capability. This transformational capability will greatly expand the options of the Joint

Force Commander for protecting forward-deployed U.S. and coalition forces as well as key host 

nation targets from missile-borne chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-explosive

(CBRNE) weapons, while also supporting homeland defense ballistic missile defense 

operations. Naval air defense efforts will provide the existing sea-based system with far greater

capabilities against a broader range of targets and under a wider spectrum of circumstances by 

integrating both Navy and Marine Corps systems to extend protection to naval, joint, and

coalition forces at sea and ashore. Together, these capabilities will enable projection from the 

sea of a highly effective air and missile defense umbrella that reaches over the horizon and

deep inland, extends from ground level to the exo-atmosphere, and defends against multiple

types of aircraft, ballistic and cruise missile threats. 

12 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Figure 3: Naval Air and Missile Defense Concept of Operations 

AMD Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Near- and Mid-Term (2005-

2015). 

Theater Air and Missile Defense (TAMD), the ability to shoot down hostile aircraft and cruise

missiles, will be based upon the participation of U.S., allied and coalition air defense elements at

sea and ashore to effect improved defensive response times, more rapid and effective sensorweapon-target pairings, and long-range engagement of threats. The Navy’s Cooperative

Engagement Capability (CEC) and the Marine Corps’ CEC-based Composite Tracking Network 

(CTN), including a new “backbone” of joint common tracking algorithms, will fuse radar data 

across the battleforce, creating a common network of sensors and weapons that extends the 

naval air defense capability over sea and shore. These advances will also reduce requirements 

for airborne Defensive Counter Air (DCA) patrols, thus freeing sorties for offensive operations, 

enhancing naval platforms’ ability to deliver precise offensive effects. 

The AEGIS mid-course intercept BMD system, slated for deployment at the end of the decade,

is designed to destroy theater-range ballistic missile re-entry vehicles while they are moving

through the exo-atmosphere. AEGIS BMD-capable ships will be linked to a network of airborne, 

space- and land-based sensors and directed by a highly responsive command and control 

system. Leveraging the inherent ability of naval forces to operate with sovereignty in

international waters, these ships will provide detection, command and control, and engagement

capability throughout the battle-space against theater-range ballistic missiles. In the near term,

AEGIS combatants, deployed in the right place at the right time, will also provide early 

surveillance and track data on longer-range ballistic missiles that endanger the United States to 

13 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) for potential engagement by ground-based, midcourse interceptors. 

The Navy - Marine Corps Team is working with the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), which 

assumed responsibility for development of all ballistic missile defenses in January 2002, to

develop and field a ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) for protection of the U.S. homeland

by 2004. The objective of this system, which is being developed in accordance with National 

Security Presidential Directive 23 (NSPD-23), signed by President Bush in November 2002, is 

to protect the United States and her allies from the threat of long-range ballistic missiles. The 

Navy is working with the MDA to accelerate deployment of the sea-based element of this 

capability as part of the Initial Defensive Operations (IDO) capability in October 2004.

JSF

Detect/Track Decide/Task Engage/Attack

ADS-18 Radar / ST 18 Radar / STAP AMRAAM

E-2C Advanced Hawkeye Aircraft

Aegis SPY-1 Radar 1 Radar

Destroyer/Cruiser

SIAP

Surface Ship

ERAM

Surface Ship

CLAWS / SHORAD

Ground Vehicle

SM-3

Surface Ship

F/A-18E/F

Volume Search Radar olume Search Radar

DD(X)

NextGen Solid Stat Solid State 

Radar

CG(X)

Multi-Role Radar Sy Role Radar System

Ground Vehicle

Surface Ship

AN-TPS 59V(3) / PS 59V(3) / 

HELRASR

Ground Vehicle

Surface Ship

Ground Facility

Aircraft

CEC / CTN

Ground Forces

Aircraft

Ground Forces

AESA

CAC2S

JSF

Detect/Track Decide/Task Engage/Attack

ADS-18 Radar / ST 18 Radar / STAP AMRAAM

E-2C Advanced Hawkeye Aircraft

Aegis SPY-1 Radar 1 Radar

Destroyer/Cruiser

SIAP

Surface Ship

ERAM

Surface Ship

CLAWS / SHORAD

Ground Vehicle

SM-3

Surface Ship

F/A-18E/F

Volume Search Radar olume Search Radar

DD(X)

NextGen Solid Stat Solid State 

Radar

CG(X)

Multi-Role Radar Sy Role Radar System

Ground Vehicle

Surface Ship

AN-TPS 59V(3) / PS 59V(3) / 

HELRASR

Ground Vehicle

Surface Ship

Ground Facility

Aircraft

CEC / CTN

Ground Forces

Aircraft

Ground Forces

AESA

CAC2S

Figure 4: Key Elements of AMD Transformation

The Navy and MDA are working together to provide engagement solutions against ballistic 

missiles at a variety of altitudes and phases of flight—including a sea-based system, which is 

designed to intercept longer-range missiles while they are in midcourse flight. Progress in this 

effort—recently re-named the AEGIS Ballistic Missile Defense System—has included a series of 

test flights in which a missile launched by a Navy cruiser at sea hit its targets on three out of 

four occasions. With respect to lower-altitude, endo-atmospheric ballistic missile intercepts,

MDA is currently planning a series of experiments, beginning in 2003, to assess sea-based

14 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

terminal BMD solutions, as part of a range of alternative means to fulfill this mission

requirement. 

The Navy, in conjunction with the Joint Staff and MDA, is also exploring a sea-based terminal 

missile defense capability. It is currently conducting a study of the requirements and options to

develop a capability to defend American and allied forces in areas requiring a protected footprint 

against TBMs, particularly where land-based TBMD options are restricted. It is anticipated that

the study will be followed by creation of a roadmap for developing the sea-based terminal

defense capability through the integration of existing technology and future capabilities, as they 

become available. 

Figure 4 lists key Navy-Marine Corps elements of the engagement cycle for providing 

transformational capabilities in air and missile defense.

Detect/Track. In addition to incorporating joint and national air and missile defense

capabilities, the Navy and Marine Corps are working toward a transformational capability to 

detect and track threat aircraft and cruise missiles at significantly longer ranges using integrated

airborne, sea-based and land-based sensors. While part of this capability derives from new

sensors and platforms, much of the synergy in detection and tracking accrues from the ability to 

share and leverage sensor data through a Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP), which is made 

possible by extensive sensor networking. Joint development and acquisition of other systems,

joint development and implementation of new tactics, techniques and procedures that take

advantage of the newest technologies, and joint training on these new technologies will speed

transformation and ensure its long-term success.

As part of Naval Integrated Fire Control – Counter Air (NIFC-CA), the E-2C Advanced Hawkeye

(AHE), equipped with an ADS-18 radar and Space-Time Adaptive Processor (STAP), will 

significantly improve our ability to detect and track air and cruise missile threats in difficult

overland and littoral environments. Cueing from the E-2C AHE will improve the detection and 

tracking capability of the Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, installed in the F/A18E/F fighter and the Joint Strike Fighter. In recognition of the important contribution of the E2C Advanced Hawkeye, the Navy is examining adding in-flight refueling to the E-2C to increase

the persistence of its surveillance capability and remove the potential need for performing

handovers during critical stages of an engagement. Through CEC and CTN, the AHE radar

data will be fused with other naval force air surveillance sensors such as the next-generation 

AEGIS SPY radar, VSR on the DD(X), the new CG(X) solid-state radar, and USMC Multi-Role

Radar System (MRRS) to create a SIAP. 

The MRRS is designed to be the first land-based sensor ashore. The High mobility MultiWheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) mounted radar will possess the mobility required to keep pace with 

supported maneuver elements to fill gaps in naval Air and Missile Defense coverage created by 

extended littoral operations. The MRRS is transportable by CH-53 or MV-22. It will provide 

cueing information for the Complementary Low Altitude Weapons System (CLAWS), Stinger 

MANPADS and Avenger. The radar will provide detection and tracking of small radar crosssection cruise missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. 

The Marine Corps AN/TPS-59 (V) 3 long range air surveillance radar tracks theater ballistic 

missiles and calculates their launch points and impact points and forwards this information to

joint command centers and weapon systems. The AN/TPS-59 (V) 3 will be replaced by the

Highly Expeditionary Long Range Air Surveillance Radar (HELRASR), which will provide air

surveillance of TBMs with increased of battlefield mobility compared to the AN/TPS-59 (V) 3. 

15 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

The Common Aviation Command and Control System (CAC2S) will provide real-time shared 

awareness of the joint battlespace and provide commanders and weapons controllers with

intuitive decision aids. The ultimate advantage of CAC2S is its expeditionary packaging and 

modular application that allows commanders the flexibility to employ CAC2S from the sea base, 

ashore, and aboard airborne platforms. The shared awareness of the enemy, friendly and noncombatant situation, coupled with decision aids and collaboration tools, will increase the speed 

of command and decision making in a time competitive environment. 

The AEGIS SPY-1 radar will serve as the foundation of the Navy’s ability to detect and track

ballistic missile threats. In the near term, planned upgrades to this radar will enhance its 

detection and discrimination capabilities for effectively performing the BMD mission. Over the

longer term, the advanced solid-state radar to be deployed with CG(X) will provide even greater 

power, sensitivity and discrimination to enable sea-based detection and tracking to keep pace 

with the evolving ballistic missile threat. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

E-2C Advanced Hawkeye

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$537M $502M $455M $649M $953M

AN/SPY-1 RadarUpgrades

$208M $218M $217M $231M $206M

Multi-Function Radar/Volume Search Radar

$49M $10M $7M $7M $7M

MRRS

$32.2M $23.1M $52.2M $49.7M $50.9M

AN/TPS-59 / HELRASR

$48.3M $34.6M $34.0M $45.4M $56.5M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

E-2C Advanced Hawkeye

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$537M $502M $455M $649M $953M

AN/SPY-1 RadarUpgrades

$208M $218M $217M $231M $206M

Multi-Function Radar/Volume Search Radar

$49M $10M $7M $7M $7M

MRRS

$32.2M $23.1M $52.2M $49.7M $50.9M

AN/TPS-59 / HELRASR

$48.3M $34.6M $34.0M $45.4M $56.5M

Figure 5: Programs Supporting Transformation of AMD Detect/Track 

Decide/Task/Relay. The networking of sensors, command and control elements, attack 

platforms, and weapons to share information in real time to increase the speed of command and 

decision making will be realized through upgrades to CEC/CTN and the fielding of the SIAP. 

Advanced BMD command and control systems are being developed for joint theater and 

homeland defense by the MDA. CAC2S will provide real-time shared awareness of the joint

battlespace and provide commanders and weapons controllers with intuitive decision aids. The

ultimate advantage of CAC2S is its expeditionary packaging and modular application that allows 

commanders the flexibility to employ CAC2S from the sea base, ashore, and aboard airborne 

platforms. 

The Office of Naval Research is sponsoring the Advanced Multifunction Radio Frequency 

Concept to investigate the feasibility of developing a system with a common set of radio 

frequency apertures whose function would be determined by software. This system could 

integrate and simultaneously support multiple beams for radar, electronic warfare (EW) and 

communications functions. Replacing legacy disparate radar, EW and communications system 

would have significant impact on the physical design of ships allowing them to be made more

16 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

stealthy and efficient, and would reduce the number of independent logistic support chains

needed for sustainment of the systems. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Cooperative Engagement Capability

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$163M $163M $140M $141M $132M

CAC2S

$70.3M $32.2M $103.4M $53.8M $50.5M

CTN

$14.8M $32.4M $39.9M $50.0M $72.7M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Cooperative Engagement Capability

Initial Operat ial Operating Capabilit ing Capability (IOC) Full Operat ull Operating Capabilit ing Capability (FOC)

$163M $163M $140M $141M $132M

CAC2S

$70.3M $32.2M $103.4M $53.8M $50.5M

CTN

$14.8M $32.4M $39.9M $50.0M $72.7M

Figure 6: Programs Supporting Transformation of AMD Decide/Task/Relay 

Engage/Attack/Assess. In the near-to-mid term, naval initiatives will provide a number of

new weapons and platforms for engaging air targets from the air, from the sea, and from 

ground-based platforms. 

Air-to air engagements will be conducted by an upgraded version of the Advanced MediumRange Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM). A pre-planned product improvement (P3I) to AMRAAM will 

provide the missile with improved kinematics, as well as GPS and enhanced data-link 

capabilities.

New naval aircraft such as the stealthy Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) will increase our ability to

provide air defense at extended ranges and over extended durations. JSF will also include

software systems that enable the aircraft to participate as both sensors and shooters in the new 

integrated air defense. Similarly, upgrades to the weapons control systems for F/A-18 will 

enable these aircraft to fully support collaborative air defense engagements. 

In addition to air defense from aviation platforms, the Navy is developing a new surface-to-air

missile, the ship-launched Extended Range Anti-Air Missile (ERAM). In the future Joint 

Integrated Fire Control Architecture, this new ship-launched missile will be fully capable of 

conducting over-the-horizon engagements to its maximum kinematic range against manned/

and unmanned aircraft, cruise missiles flying over the land and the sea, and short range TBMs. 

The Marine Corps’ CLAWS integration within the NIFC-CA architecture allows for engagements

of cruise missile threats attacking deployed ground forces and assets ashore via netted and

shared E2-C sensor data. When deployed ashore, CLAWS extends the battlespace by

providing the joint force additional overland cruise missile defense capability. CLAWS, provides 

the speed and flexibility required for enhanced air defense capabilities in the execution of

Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare. 

17 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

For BMD, the achievement of an engagement capability is focused on the development of a hitto-kill warhead for the SM-3 missile. This weapon will be utilized to intercept theater class 

ballistic missiles while they are in the exo-atmosphere and will utilize AEGIS Weapon System 

data integrated into the BMDS. Progress in this effort, recently re-named the AEGIS Ballistic 

Missile Defense System, has included a series of test flights in which a missile launched by a

Navy cruiser at sea hit its target on three out of four occasions. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

AMRAAM P3I

AESA Radar

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$44M $85M $118M $89M $87M

$91M $69M $37M $33M $30M

ERAM

$49M $165M $190M $211M $205M

CLAWS

$23.1M $53.8M $51.4M $71.9M $31.1M

Joint Strike Fighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

MIDS/Link-16

$62M $61M $65M $66M $67M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

AMRAAM P3I

AESA Radar

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$44M $85M $118M $89M $87M

$91M $69M $37M $33M $30M

ERAM

$49M $165M $190M $211M $205M

CLAWS

$23.1M $53.8M $51.4M $71.9M $31.1M

Joint Strike Fighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

AMRAAM P3I

AESA Radar

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capabilit ing Capability (FOC)

$44M $85M $118M $89M $87M

$91M $69M $37M $33M $30M

ERAM

$49M $165M $190M $211M $205M

CLAWS

$23.1M $53.8M $51.4M $71.9M $31.1M

Joint Strike Fighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

MIDS/Link-16

$62M $61M $65M $66M $67M

Figure 7: Programs Supporting Transformation of AMD Engage/Attack/Assess 

AMD Transformational Concepts and Capabilities – Long-Term (Beyond 2015).

Advancements in TAMD beyond 2015 will be realized with improved data-links, sensor

networking, use of unmanned vehicles to provide sensor or weapons capabilities, and next 

generation weapons such as hypersonic and directed energy weapons that will significantly 

improve defense against high-speed/high-G maneuvering threats. 

All forms of "survival" and "planning" information, including sensor data, historical archives,

automated decisions, battle management, will flow through and be supported by Global 

Information Grid Enterprise Services (GIG-ES). The architecture will be based on a "post before 

process" approach, allowing real-time data to support a Common Operating Picture using 

information processes to reach decisions and take action before windows of opportunity close or 

before joint forces are otherwise placed in harm’s way. 

In BMD, the Navy will work with the MDA to explore the potential to intercept ballistic missiles in 

the boost phase from a sea-based platform, based on the development of an interceptor missile

with sufficient acceleration, tracking and high-g turning capability to hit the threat missile in the 

limited, boost-phase time window. This attractive missile defense option would exploit the 

synergies between new technologies enabling such intercepts, and the unique ability of naval

forces to position shooters close enough to ballistic missile launch sites to enable an intercept

while the missile is still in its boost phase. 

Support from other Services and Agencies. The following support from other Services 

and Agencies will be required to enable delivery of the transformational capability in AMD: 

18 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

• Continued support from the MDA for exploration and development of sea-based missile

defense options 

• Timely ballistic missile launch detection and tracking data from space-based infrared

systems (SBIRS) and land-based tracking radars 

• Compatible sensor measurement data from other Services to support the SIAP and

collaborative engagement of overland targets in support of ground forces 

• Seamless integration of AMD weapons and sensors throughout the joint battlespace, to 

allow multilateral sensing and engagement 

• Compatible, persistent, communication relays, such as UAVs and satellite

communications systems, provided by the other Services and Agencies 

Metrics. Progress toward a transformational capability in air and missile defense will be

measured in terms of the achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed 

in a separate appendix. 

Advances in ballistic missile defense will be measured against the BMD experimentation plan

and the associated two-year capability blocks defined by the MDA. 

Planned AMD Sea Trial Activities. The Missile Defense Future Naval Capability (FNC) 

program addresses gaps in Navy and Marine Corps overland AMD capability. Missile Defense 

FNC projects are focused on technology enabling engagements of stealthy cruise missiles, 

UAVs and manned aircraft at extended ranges in defense of forces ashore and afloat, and other

protected assets in littoral theaters. Projects include an advanced radar for the Marine Corps 

MRRS, battle management algorithms for integration of ISR data with real-time tracks, combat 

identification, efficient and effective force-wide use of weapons, and Science and Technology 

(S&T) planning effort for the Fiscal Year 2007-2008 (FY07-08) ADSAM demonstration in

support of the transformational NIFC-CA capability. 

Over the next several years, the Navy will be conducting a number of concept studies and field 

experiments and carrying out operational prototyping of key technologies and systems to 

support the development of the capabilities discussed in the previous sections. Some of these

activities include: 

• Composite Combat Identification (CCID) demonstrations in FY04 and FY06 

• A live fire Air Directed Surface to Air Missile (ADSAM) capability demo at White Sands 

Missile Range in FY07-08. 

2. Undersea Warfare (USW) 

The Navy is pursuing transformational capability improvements in two domains of undersea 

warfare: anti-submarine warfare and mine warfare. 

a. Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) 

Key elements of transformational capability in ASW: 

Transformational efforts in Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) are focused on gaining maritime 

superiority by rapidly finding, destroying or, where necessary, avoiding enemy submarines, thus 

rendering the submarine irrelevant as an anti-access weapon against U.S. and coalition naval 

forces and sealift capabilities. The underlying FUTURE ASW WARFIGHTING VISION, focuses 

19 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

on capabilities in three functional areas: (1) the ability to form a “Protected Passage” of the sealines-of-communications (SLOCs) and to protect forces during transits, (2) the maintenance of a 

“Maritime Shield” that would deny submarine access to operating areas, and (3) the ability to

“Hold at Risk” enemy submarines throughout the maritime theater. 

Figure 8: Future Anti-Submarine Warfighting Concept of Operations 

To implement this new approach to ASW, the Navy is developing a series of advanced

technologies that will improve wide-area surveillance, detection, localization, tracking and attack 

capabilities against quiet adversary submarines operating in the SLOCs or in a noisy and 

cluttered littoral environment. The impact of these new capabilities will be multiplied through

their integration into advanced networks. These networks will distribute data and help convert it

into operational knowledge, including underwater weapons system suites that will accelerate the

speed and accuracy of decisions, and, finally, support employment of improved kill systems,

which can more reliably engage and destroy enemy submarines. 

20 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

ASW Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Near- and Mid-Term (2005-

2015) 

Figure 9: Key Elements of ASW Transformation 

Detect/Track. Good i SR) will continue to be 

the preparatory bedrock of all ASW capabilities and we shall endeavor to take full advantage of 

m (ADS) is an example of the transformational potential of offboard distributed systems that is likely to become a central part of the Integrated Undersea 

Detect/Track Decide/Task Engage/Attack

Relay Relay

Advanced Deployable 

System

Bistatic istatic Towed Array

Common

Maritime

Picture

MIDS

TCDL Open Architectur chitecture

Torpedoes

Surf Internal ace Ship

Submarine

EER Sonobuoys

Aircraft

Passive/Active UUV

Sonar

USV

Advanced Radar

Periscope Detection 

System

Helicopter

Surface Ship

Submarine

Surface Ship

Aircraft

Low Frequency Active

Array

Surface Ship

Submarine

Patrol Aircraft

UAV

Surface Ship

Comm

Relay 

UAVs

High Data

Rate

Antenna

Advanced

Trailing 

Antenna

Next Generation

COTS Onboard Signal 

Process Processing

Torpedo 

Countermeasures

Surface Ship

Submarine

Integrated

Underwater 

Weapons 

System Suite em Suite

Submarine

Detect/Track Decide/Task Engage/Attack

Relay Relay

Advanced Deployable 

System

Bistatic istatic Towed Array

Common

Maritime

Picture

MIDS

TCDL Open Architectur chitecture

Torpedoes

Surf Internal ace Ship

Submarine

EER Sonobuoys

Aircraft

Passive/Active UUV

Sonar

USV

Advanced Radar

Periscope Detection 

System

Helicopter

Surface Ship

Submarine

Surface Ship

Aircraft

Low Frequency Active

Array

Surface Ship

Submarine

Patrol Aircraft

UAV

Surface Ship

Comm

Relay 

UAVs

High Data

Rate

Antenna

Advanced

Trailing 

Antenna

Next Generation

COTS Onboard Signal 

Process Processing

Torpedo 

Countermeasures

Surface Ship

Submarine

Integrated

Underwater 

Weapons 

System Suite em Suite

Submarine

ntelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (I

the situational knowledge, including environmental data, accumulated during peacetime

surveillance missions. However, new ISR technologies such as the Advanced Deployable

System (ADS) and Low Frequency Active (LFA) sonar will enable U.S. forces to be more

responsive to changing threats and potential adversaries and help ensure that they are

comprehensively held at risk. 

The Advanced Deployable Syste

Surveillance System (IUSS). It consists of a series of passive, bottom-fixed, battery-powered

hydrophones connected to one another and linked to a processing site ashore or afloat by fiber 

optic cables or radio signals. Given relatively short notice, current technology trends suggest

that a system could be deployed on demand to provide reliable subsurface awareness, the 

number of sensors set out being dependent on the prevailing acoustic environment. IUSS will

21 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

also be given considerable boost in capability by a high-powered, low frequency active (LFA) 

acoustic system that will provide long-range detections in most conditions. 

To supplement IUSS detection capabilities, U.S. attack submarines (SSN), surface combatants 

As a transformational platform, the LCS will be critical to implementing the new operational 

The submarine Acoustic Rapid Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Insertion (ARCI) program,

Due to their speed, area of coverage, versatility and payload, maritime patrol aircraft and

like the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) operating in conjunction with mission reconfigurable

unmanned vehicles, maritime patrol aircraft, MH-60R helicopters and dedicated ocean

surveillance vessels, will collect information about the local undersea environment, technical 

characteristics of adversary submarine systems and indications of where and how potential

adversary submarine forces operate. These platforms will link to national and Joint ISR 

systems to form a common maritime picture capable of supporting timely and accurate

decisions. 

concepts and to providing a focused, littoral mission platform for Joint forces. Its superior

speed, maneuverability, low radar, infrared and acoustic signatures and ability to lay distributed 

sensor fields are all fundamental to success. It will also carry a ‘squadron’ of unmanned

vehicles (air, surface and undersea) that will considerably extend its sensor coverage and

provide substantial ASW capabilities. 

married with new sensors such as arrays optimized for the littorals and networked processing

applications, has provided the capability to extract more than an order of magnitude of

additional gain and recognition differential from passive submarine sensors. The ARCI

advanced processing build (APB) concept is being expanded to include surface platform sonar

systems, for example the SQQ-89 A(V)15, and the integrated undersea surveillance system. 

helicopters will continue to be indispensable ASW assets. Utilizing Extended Echo Ranging

(EER) technology and Automatic Radar Periscope Detection and Discrimination (ARPDD) 

equipment, large areas of the battlespace, both below and above the surface of the sea, will be 

searched at a greater rate and with greater confidence than any existing systems. The Airborne 

Low Frequency Sonar (ALFS) is also being procured to dramatically increase the acoustic 

capability of ship-based MH-60R helicopters. The transformational, bottom-up architecture of

the new Multi-mission Maritime Aircraft (MMA) will tailor integration of its on-board mission suite 

with UAVs and space-based systems and sensors. Furthermore, S&T efforts are ongoing to

develop promising active and passive electro-optical techniques that will be integrated into 

MPA, helicopters and ultimately the unmanned air vehicles that will be fielded to complement 

them. 

22 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

SQQ-89Family Towed Array

Low Frequency Active

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$106M $73M $65M $44M $74M

$1.6M $0.8M $0.8M $0.8M $0.8M

Advanced Radar Peris d Radar Periscope Detection System

$3M $12M $48M $58M $82M

Improved Extend d Extended Echo Ranging

$22M $34M $15M $17M $18M

Littoral Combat Ship

$181M $517M $293M $1120M $1840M

Acoustic Rapid COTS Insertion

$314M $280M $317M $488M $467M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

SQQ-89Family Towed Array

Low Frequency Active

Initial Operating Capabilit ing Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capabilit ing Capability (FOC)

$106M $73M $65M $44M $74M

$1.6M $0.8M $0.8M $0.8M $0.8M

Advanced Radar Peris d Radar Periscope Detection System

$3M $12M $48M $58M $82M

Improved Extend d Extended Echo Ranging

$22M $34M $15M $17M $18M

Littoral Combat Ship

$181M $517M $293M $1120M $1840M

Acoustic Rapid COTS Insertion

$314M $280M $317M $488M $467M

Figure 10: Programs Supporting Transformation of ASW Detect/Track

Improved ASW capabilities in the littoral will be achieved by more effectively networking

surveillance and localization sensors, command elements, attack platforms, and weapons to

share information in near real-time. Cross-correlated information from these elements will be

used to build a common undersea picture that will be widely shared by all nodes and platforms 

engaged in ASW activity throughout the area of operations. To this end, the Navy is developing

and, in some cases, fielding several new communication systems including: advanced fiber 

optic cables; communication relay UAVs; Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS), the high data rate 

and advanced trailing antennas for SSNs and SSGNs, and vastly improved communications 

connectivity to submerged submarines. The Command and Control (C2) of off-board and

unattended distributed sensor fields remains a challenge but S&T initiatives are pro-actively 

narrowing the range of possible solutions.

To take advantage of this improving connectivity, the Common Undersea Picture (CUP) 

program is devoted to fielding, via spiral development, a single suite of decision support and 

collaboration tools that will provide shared awareness and situational understanding of the 

underwater battlespace. As part of the Common Maritime Picture, it will be targeted at the naval

commander’s warfighting responsibilities and will automate the current manpower intensive

performance prediction process and generate validated, optimized plans for asset, sensor and 

weapon employment in a manner that is not possible today. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Common Und Common Undersea Picture

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$16M $15M $13M $13M $0.0M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Common Und Common Undersea Picture

Initial Operating Capabi ing Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capabili g Capability (FOC)

$16M $15M $13M $13M $0.0M

Figure 11: Programs Supporting Transformation of ASW Decide/Task 

It will be hosted on the maritime variant of the Global Command and Control System (GCCS)

that will itself migrate to the Joint Command and Control (JC2) capability.

23 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Engage/Attack. For the foreseeable future, the primary weapon system for prosecuting

submarines will remain the homing torpedo, in particular, an upgraded version of the highly 

capable Mk 48 heavyweight torpedo fired from submarines and Mk 54 lightweight torpedoes 

fired from aircraft and surface ships. 

In addition, the Navy is also examining technologies for a compact, rapid-attack weapon. The

transformational potential of this initiative leverages significant improvements in target location

to reduce the required endurance of the torpedo, and thereby also its size, allowing the weapon

to be carried on a broader range of future platforms. 

The Navy is also working toward creating a range of decoys and local area jamming capability 

for use as countermeasures against torpedo attack. In the near-term, the Navy will employ 

substantially improved countermeasures to protect its own ships from a new generation of 

enemy torpedoes. For the future, the Navy is examining the use of an off-board platform, such 

as a large unmanned surface vehicle (USV) to carry some of these systems. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Mk-48 ADCAP Upgrade w. CBASS

Mk-54 Lightweight Torpedo w. CBASS

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$86M $87M $94M $96M $98M

$72M $83M $98M $117M $130M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Mk-48 ADCAP Upgrade w. CBASS

Mk-54 Lightweight Torpedo w. CBASS

Initial Operating Capab perating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capab ing Capability (FOC)

$86M $87M $94M $96M $98M

$72M $83M $98M $117M $130M

Figure 12: Programs Supporting Transformation of ASW Engage/Attack 

ASW Transformational Concepts and Capabilities – Long-Term (Beyond 2015) 

Long-term ASW improvements revolve around two fundamental higher-level requirements: 1) to

transform from a ‘platform intensive’ to a ‘sensor-rich’ mission area operating construct; 2) to 

reduce the ‘Detect-to-Engage’ timeline. 

These key tenets of ASW transformation reflect the changing face of warfighting that is intended

to reap the benefits of the advanced, integrated networks and decision support tools that

FORCEnet promises. 

To meet the first of these requirements, the Navy is exploring a system of small, autonomous,

dispersed sensors that would provide persistent coverage of large areas, both in deep water 

and littoral underwater environments. Such a system would employ much smaller, easily 

deployed, and more persistent underwater sensors using both active and passive techniques to

achieve desired results. 

In order to better take advantage of submarine signatures that reach or break the surface of the

sea, the Navy S&T community is also working on a number of large-area, non-acoustic search 

technologies. Standoff ASW capabilities from long endurance UAVs hold the potential to

achieve very high search rates against shallow submarines through the use of EO/IR digital 

focal plane sensors. The Multi-Mode Magnetic Detection System (MMMDS) on low-altitude 

capable tactical UAVs will allow small area search and prosecution. The potential utility of 

synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to enhance the EO/IR technologies is also being examined. 

24 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

To realize the second requirement, the Navy is considering long-range standoff ASW weapons 

that could be launched from a surface combatant, submarine, aircraft or unmanned vehicle--or

possibly from land. Simultaneously, it is also exploring new options for unmanned, loitering

delivery mechanisms and new precision targeting systems to meet the lethality requirements for 

slow speed diesels employing countermeasures and decoys. Some of these systems possess 

the potential to acquire and localize a target upon arrival on-station. Termed “compact rapidattack weapons”, alternatives to the traditional torpedo are also being investigated. Meanwhile, 

the Torpedo Bridging Technologies project within the Littoral ASW FNC will develop a tactically 

revolutionary improvement in the probability of kill against quiet submarines operating in harsh

shallow water environments employing advanced countermeasures. 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

The following ISR support from other Services and Agencies will be required to enable

achievement of the transformational improvements in ASW: 

• All-source ISR data and intelligence – including imagery – of foreign submarine bases 

with a time latency of hours (or less) in order to determine when and where submarines

are present as well as operational status 

• Satellite and airborne communications systems to support the networking of sensors, 

assessors, controllers, and shooters 

• New sensor technologies and processing and analysis techniques to leverage the 

capabilities of national security space systems in detection and tracking of submarines. 

ASW Metrics

Progress toward a transformational capability in ASW will be measured in terms of the

achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate appendix. 

Planned Littoral ASW Sea Trial Activities 

There are several venues and programs that are part of the Sea Trial CD&E Campaign Plan

that support ASW experimentation. These include: 

• Experimentation in support of Littoral Combat Ship ASW module development 

• Distributed Mobile ASW sensor experimentation 

• Four OPNAV ASW Demonstrations, exploring various technological approaches to the

protected passage, barrier, and hold at risk concepts laid out earlier 

• Undersea Dominance Advanced Warfighting Experiment, examining rapid ASW against 

SSKs using offboard systems, MPA, and submarines. 

As with all Sea Trial activities, results will be tracked using the Sea Trial Information 

Management System (STIMS), maintained by the Navy Warfare Development Command

(NWDC). 

25 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

b. Mine Warfare (MIW) 

Enemy mines and obstacles pose perhaps the most significant challenge to the Navy - Marine 

Corps Team’s ability to project full dimension naval power -- from the stern gate, over water, 

across the beach, and to objectives ashore. Legacy naval MIW forces, although highly capable,

require significant time to move to theater, and unique support not found elsewhere in the naval

expeditionary force. At the same time, the adequacy of legacy MIW capabilities is deteriorating 

with the proliferation of new technologies and weapons, including small numbers of advanced

mobile mines, and very large numbers of increasingly capable “traditional” mines such as surfzone, shallow shelf and deep water rising fixed or drifting mines. The transformation of naval 

mine warfare is centered upon the transition from a specialized MIW force to an agile, scalable

capability that is not tied to dedicated platforms, with the ultimate goal of “removing the man 

from the minefield” by the use of unmanned vehicles. 

Naval efforts in offensive, defensive, and assault-breaching MIW will address the challenges of

restricted capabilities and proliferating threats by moving to a range of solutions which are more

flexible, more effective and more rapidly employable. A significant body of analysis has verified

that simple avoidance will not be an option is many key areas of national interest. In these

areas the current “Detect and Avoid When Possible, Breach When Necessary” approach must

be taken. The transformational naval approach to MIW is based on a Concept of Operations 

(CONOPS) that integrates a range of new technologies that will enable future naval forces to 

freely operate and maneuver in the littorals, and deliver ground forces throughout the beach

regions. This transformational CONOPS will assure access for naval combat and supporting

forces by forming a “protected passage” of routes, transit lanes, operating areas, and attack 

lanes, while simultaneously employing offensive mine warfare to hold the enemy at risk, and to

allow the combatant commander to employ the ground forcible entry option. 

Figure 13: MIW Concept of Operations 

26 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

MIW Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Near- and Mid-Term (2005-

2015)

In the near to mid-term, manned mine countermeasures activities, including the direct use of 

MCM ships and divers will be largely replaced by offboard unmanned systems such as

unmanned helicopters, surface and subsurface vehicles, and standoff detection and breaching

systems. Detailed mapping of undersea terrain and advance mapping of non-mine objects will 

assist these systems in rapid identification and clearance of mines. The use of unmanned

systems to hunt or sweep for mines in contested areas--such as those within the range of

enemy aircraft, patrol boats, and anti-ship cruise missiles--will greatly expand the range of

options available to the joint commander by accelerating mine clearance while freeing up for

other high value missions force protection assets that would previously have been allocated to

protecting dedicated MIW platforms. In difficult terrain such as the surf zone/beach zone, stand 

off detection and breaching systems will be employed. Autonomous, cooperative unmanned 

vehicles will be remotely deployed to clear mines in advance of the arrival of naval expeditionary 

forces, and to offensively deploy mines in contested areas, while minimizing risk to personnel. 

Surveil/Detect/Classify/Identify Decide/Task Engage/Attack

LMRS IUSS

UUV Surface Ship

Subm Submarine arine

Helicopter

RAMICS

Strategic Air

Tactical Air

Assault Breaching Systems

Ground Vehicle

ABV

Strategic Air

Tactical Air

UAV

JDAM Based Munition

Helicopter

AMNS

COBRA

UAV

ALMDS

Helicopter

UAV

AMD

Ground Forces

OASIS

Helicopter

UAV

Surveil/Detect/Classify/Identify Decide/Task Engage/Attack

LMRS IUSS

UUV Surface Ship

Subm Submarine arine

Helicopter

RAMICS

Strategic Air

Tactical Air

Assault Breaching Systems

Ground Vehicle

ABV

Strategic Air

Tactical Air

UAV

JDAM Based Munition

Helicopter

AMNS

COBRA

UAV

ALMDS

Helicopter

UAV

AMD

Ground Forces

OASIS

Helicopter

UAV

Figure 14: Key Elements of MIW Transformation 

Survey/Detect/Classify/Identify. The capability to monitor the operating environment and

detect and classify mine-like contacts will be greatly enhanced by a series of new capabilities.

The introduction of the Navy’s first Organic MCM systems in FY05, will include the Remote

Minehunting System (RMS), followed by introduction of the Airborne Laser Mine Detection 

System (ALMDS). New covert surveillance UUVs, including the Long Term Mine 

Reconnaissance System (LMRS), equipped with laser and sonar detection systems and electrooptic identification means and carried by Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) and other ships and

submarines will provide the capability to conduct minehunting without hazarding a ship and its 

crew. The Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis (COBRA) system, designed

specifically to provide accurate battlefield intelligence depicting tactical objectives, minefields, 

obstacles, and fortifications on the beach and inland areas can be fielded on a variety of UAV 

27 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

platforms, and provides expeditionary operations the ability to more effectively detect minefields 

both on the beach and inland. 

AUV technologies for clandestine reconnaissance will use small, near-expendable, man 

portable vehicles, including the Composite Endoskeleton Testbed Untethered Underwater 

Vehicle System (CETUS), Lemmings, and Remote Environment Monitoring Units (REMUS) with

sensors for hydro recon and minehunting, real-time CAD/CAC processing, precise navigation,

acoustic communications data relay, and neutralizer delivery. Buried mine sensing, 

classification and identification for AUVs will combine acoustic and magnetic buried mine

sensors, automated processing, data fusion, sensor integration, and buried mine classification

algorithms for detection and classification of buried mines.

The Advanced Mine Detector (AMD) will provide close-in mine detection of low- and nonmetallic mines. In the FY07/09 timeframe, AMD will use Nuclear Quadropole Resonance (NQR) 

technology to detect the explosives within a mine or boobytrap – a quantum leap forward from

the metal detection technology within the current AN/PSS-12 mine detector. In the FY04/05 

timeframe, while NQR technology matures, the AMD Program Manager intends to procure 225

U.S. Army Handheld Standoff Mine Detection Systems (HSTAMIDS) as an interim capability.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Airborne LaserMineDetection System (ALMDS)

AQS-20 Airborne Minehunting Sonar

Remote Minehunting System (RMS)

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$50.4M $40.4M $0M $0M $0M

$37.1M $25.5M $48.5M $69.3M $58.7M

$26M $24M $54M $55M $56M

Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS)

$87.0M $65.3M $80.5M $80.5M $71.1M

Coastal Ba Coastal Battlefield Rec eld Recon & Analysis (COBRA)

$9.7M $7.6M $5.2M $4.9M $1.4M

Advanced Mine Detector (AMD)

$9.4M $7.4M $15.4M $11.3M $6.1M

Littoral Combat oral Combat Ship

$181M $517M $293M $1120M $1840M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Airborne LaserMineDetection System (ALMDS)

AQS-20 Airborne Minehunting Sonar

Remote Minehunting System (RMS)

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$50.4M $40.4M $0M $0M $0M

$37.1M $25.5M $48.5M $69.3M $58.7M

$26M $24M $54M $55M $56M

Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS)

$87.0M $65.3M $80.5M $80.5M $71.1M

Coastal Ba Coastal Battlefield Rec eld Recon & Analysis (COBRA)

$9.7M $7.6M $5.2M $4.9M $1.4M

Advanced Mine Detector (AMD)

$9.4M $7.4M $15.4M $11.3M $6.1M

Littoral Combat oral Combat Ship

$181M $517M $293M $1120M $1840M

Airborne LaserMineDetection System (ALMDS)

AQS-20 Airborne Minehunting Sonar

Remote Minehunting System (RMS)

Initial Operating Capa ial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capab ull Operating Capability (FOC)

$50.4M $40.4M $0M $0M $0M

$37.1M $25.5M $48.5M $69.3M $58.7M

$26M $24M $54M $55M $56M

Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS)

$87.0M $65.3M $80.5M $80.5M $71.1M

Coastal Ba Coastal Battlefield Rec eld Recon & Analysis (COBRA)

$9.7M $7.6M $5.2M $4.9M $1.4M

Advanced Mine Detector (AMD)

$9.4M $7.4M $15.4M $11.3M $6.1M

Littoral Combat oral Combat Ship

$181M $517M $293M $1120M $1840M

Figure 15: Programs Supporting Transformation of MIW Surveil/Detect/Classify/Identify

Engage/Neutralize. The capability to neutralize mines with offboard systems will greatly 

enhance the naval MIW capability. Using an air-based neutralization UV and unmanned 

surface vessels for influence minesweeping, the speed at which the Navy can counter the mine 

threat will no longer be dependent upon the rate at which divers and ships can serially engage

mines. At the same time, emulator, jamming, and sweeping systems will use modular, highfidelity sweep signal generators (magnetic/acoustic), enabling unmanned surface vehicles to

use own-ship degaussing coils to jam or spoof modern influence mines. With the fielding of 

Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance System (RAMICS), Airborne Mine Neutralization System

(AMNS), and the Organic Airborne/Ship Influence Sweep (OASIS) System, the Navy is

improving the organic capability of forward deployed forces to generate operational freedom of 

action.

28 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

In the surf and beach zone, the Navy is currently evaluating the ability of GPS-guided Joint

Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM) 2000lb bombs to remove or destroy obstacles and surface-laid

mines in the Surf Zone/Beach Zone for the interim period. In addition, it is developing a family 

of sub-munitions based on the JDAM to allow rapid clearance of mines and obstacles for

landing forces. 

The Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV) is specifically designed to conduct in-stride breaching of

minefields and complex obstacles from the beach exit to the objective. ABV will clear a lane of

sufficient width and depth for mechanized assault forces, allowing assault units to move rapidly 

through obstacles before threat forces have the full opportunity to react to the attack and mass

fires or establish defenses. The ABV integrates a full-width mine plow, line demolition charges,

a lane marking system, and (as a P3I) a standard robotic system on an M1A1 tank chassis. 

Precision navigation is another key to forcible entry operations in the 2010-2015 time frame for 

various amphibious delivery platforms such as the LCAC (X), LCU (R), and Expeditionary 

Fighting Vehicle (EFV). Precision navigation capabilities will allow naval forces to share 

accurate locations of detected mines, avoiding them where possible, clearing them where 

necessary, and then accurately transiting cleared lanes. EFV is integrating the Marine Corps' 

command and control applications with its navigation system. The EFV has a moving map

display, integrated with its GPS and inertial navigation unit for periods when GPS data is not

available. The EFV crew is provided a digital chart/map displaying an icon representing

position, route, steer-to information, and an overlay depicting control measures. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Assault Breaching System

Organic Airborne/Ship Influence Sweep

Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance System (RAMICS)

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$12M $13M $29M $30M $30M

$15M $22M $20M $21M $21M

$13.16M $32.30M $41.10M $73.40M $30.30M

Airborne Mine Neutralization System (AMNS)

$17M $10M $19M $19M $22M

Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV)

$8.3M $51.5M $48.0M $0.0M $0.0M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Assault Breaching System

Organic Airborne/Ship Influence Sweep

Rapid Airborne Mine Clearance System (RAMICS)

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$12M $13M $29M $30M $30M

$15M $22M $20M $21M $21M

$13.16M $32.30M $41.10M $73.40M $30.30M

Airborne Mine Neutralization System (AMNS)

$17M $10M $19M $19M $22M

Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV)

$8.3M $51.5M $48.0M $0.0M $0.0M

Figure 16: Programs Supporting Transformation of MIW Engage/Neutralize

MIW Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Far-Term (Beyond 2015) 

In the far-term, the ability to free an area of mines will also be dramatically accelerated by next 

generation mine sensors that fuse the processes of detection, classification and identification of

explosives and by increasing the effective ranges of sensors, eliminating the current need to

use high frequency sonar presentations and visual identification for classification. With the

realization of this capability, influence minesweeping -- traditionally used in environments that 

preclude mine hunting and is operationally problematic, easily countered, and extremely threat

sensitive -- would no longer be required. 

29 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Science and Technology investments in mine warfare are primarily within the Mine

Countermeasure (MCM) FNC that develops and transitions technologies addressing critical

gaps in the ability of naval forces to conduct operations in mined environments. The focus of 

these efforts is on 1) the fielding of the first generation organic MCM systems; 2) standoff mine 

countermeasures from very shallow water through the beach to support STOM; and 3) on the

development of cooperating, unmanned MCM systems, such as autonomous cooperatively 

behaving swarms of bottom crawlers and a rapid surf and beach zone energetics system to

quickly clear mines and obstacles from the path of oncoming forces. 

MIW Metrics

Progress toward a transformational capability in MIW will be measured in terms of the

achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate appendix. 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

The following support from other Services and Agencies will be required to enable achievement

of the transformational improvements in MIW: 

• Intelligence data and imagery of foreign mine storage areas, transshipment points,

and depots, which can be leveraged to gain insight into the extent of the mine threat 

• Improved range and bandwidth of satellite communications systems to support the 

networking of mine detection and clearance systems 

• Improved ability of Joint forces to deliver assault breaching systems in support of the

overall scheme of maneuver and power projection 

• New sensor technologies and processing and analysis techniques to leverage the

capabilities of national security space systems to support detection and geolocation 

of mines and minelaying activity. 

Planned MIW Sea Trial Activities

HQMC has established a MCM Working Group, with a charter to develop, institute, and update 

a comprehensive Marine Corps MCM Master Plan during FY 04. Including members from 

across the Marine Corps and OPNAV staff, the MCM Working Group will ensure that the MCM

master plan specifies naval engagement with the other Services and Agencies. Other activities

included in the Sea Trial CD&E Campaign Plan that support MIW experimentation include: 

• Office of Naval Research (ONR) experiments with shallow-water autonomous undersea 

vehicles for clandestine mine reconnaissance, including demos in 2003, 05, and 07. 

• Field experiments with COMINEWARCOM evaluating use of HSV offboard systems for 

minefield reconnaissance and mine neutralization. 

• COMINEWARCOM evaluation of HSV for high-volume mine delivery in a field 

experiment 

• Operational evaluation of dedicated mine countermeasures in a CSG. 

30 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

3. Anti-Surface Warfare (SUW) 

Key Elements of Transformational Capability in SUW: 

Anti-surface warfare will be transformed by the development of more persistent maritime 

surveillance and targeting, kinetic and non-kinetic weapons, more effective distributed network 

of fires and more precise and voluminous firepower. These initiatives will leverage new 

technologies to enhance each phase of the surface warfare detect-to-engage cycle. Integration 

of these enhanced assets via a network will dramatically improve effectiveness and accelerate

the surface warfare kill chain. Earlier detection, identification and tracking of attacking ships will

be combined with accelerated tactical control decisions and attack implementation, with desired

effects delivered by the optimal weapon, faster and from a safer posture.

The transformational shift to a network of fires in surface warfare leverages new technologies

and operational concepts at each phase of the detect-to-engage cycle. A new generation of 

more capable, more persistent sensors in the air, on and below the sea, including the 

capabilities of upgraded legacy platforms will be networked together to greatly improve passive 

and active target detection, assessment of intent, and engagement. This connectivity will 

enable a synergy between sensing capabilities, ensuring that hostile forces will be detected 

more quickly and reliably, and tracked with greater consistency, against a backdrop of shared

situational awareness of blue assets and their status. 

As in other warfare areas, FORCEnet will enable this integration. As a result, initial 

engagements will take place at greater distance from capital ships and other manned assets 

such as LCS, confidence in avoiding fratricide and the inadvertent engagement of noncombatants will increase, the speed of decision will accelerate, and the number of opportunities 

for successful engagement will increase. The shared picture of the battlespace, in combination

with the tools to exploit it, such as the Joint Fires Network (JFN), which is currently under 

development for the overland battle, may be adapted to the maritime portion of the campaign 

and will allow a distributed form of rapid engagement that ensures the choice of the right

weapon for the right target to achieve the desired effect. While each individual enhancement

will add an increment of capability, the impact of the naval system of systems will transform the 

conduct and effectiveness of surface warfare.

31 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Figure 17: Surface Warfare Concept of Operations

SUW Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Near and Mid Term (2005-

2015) 

Naval surface warfare initiatives with transformational impact are being pursued in all phases of

the anti-surface warfare kill chain, including the introduction of new manned and unmanned

platforms, as well as upgrades to existing platforms, all designed to operate within and leverage 

a fully networked fires architecture. The key transformational elements of the SUW

engagement cycle are depicted in Figure 18.

Detect/ID/Track Decide/Task/Relay Engage/Attack/Assess

Radar / E Radar / ELINT JCM

ACS

BAMS UAV

EO/IR

MMA

BAMS UAV

VTUAV

CIWS Blk 1b

Surface Ship

Aircraft

LCS

Surface Ship

Submarine

Aircraft

JFN

Detect/ID/Track Decide/Task/Relay Engage/Attack/Assess

Radar / E Radar / ELINT JCM

ACS

BAMS UAV

EO/IR

MMA

BAMS UAV

VTUAV

MMA

BAMS UAV

VTUAV

CIWS Blk 1b

Surface Ship

Aircraft

LCS

Surface Ship

Submarine

Aircraft

Surface Ship

Submarine

Aircraft

JFN

Figure 18: Key Elements of SUW Transformation 

32 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Detect/Classify/Track. The Navy will significantly increase its ability to detect, classify and 

track targets in support of surface warfare by upgrading the capability and connectivity among 

sensors and other nodes in the battlespace. The Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS)

UAV is being developed to provide persistent, maritime surveillance and reconnaissance 

capability with worldwide access. BAMS will operate at altitudes over 40,000 feet, above the

weather and most air traffic to conduct continuous open-ocean and littoral surveillance of targets

as small as exposed submarine periscopes. BAMS will be fully integrated into the joint ISR 

architecture, providing this information to the joint force in near real time. Long-endurance 

BAMS UAVs will be able to provide a continuous on-station presence at ranges of 1000-3000

nautical miles from the launch point. BAMS will thus play a key role in providing the commander 

with a persistent, reliable picture of surface threats while minimizing the need to put manned 

assets in harms way to execute surveillance and reconnaissance tasks. 

BAMS will be complemented by the Maritime Multi-Mission Aircraft (MMA) for special purpose, 

generally lower-altitude missions and by the VTUAV operating from LCS to ID contacts with

EO/IR sensors. Together, the aircraft will be able to provide coverage over nearly all the world’s 

high-density sea-lanes, littorals, and areas of national interest. In addition, Mobile SURTASS 

surveillance ships and underwater fixed surveillance systems will operate in conjunction with the 

U.S. Coast Guard to identify, track and acoustically profile warships and commercial shipping.

Working in concert, these systems will provide the unique ability to merge a contact’s acoustic, 

electronic and visual signatures into an undeniable profile. 

Key naval programs supporting transformational advances in the detect/classify/track portion of 

the surface warfare engagement cycle are depicted below:

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Broad Area Maritime Surveillance UAV

MH-60R/S

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$218M $241M $377M $689M $788M

$980M $1272M $1523M $1815M $2036M

VTUAV

$0M $0M $0M $180M $270M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Broad Area Maritime Surveillance UAV

MH-60R/S

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capabili ng Capability (FOC)

$218M $241M $377M $689M $788M

$980M $1272M $1523M $1815M $2036M

VTUAV

$0M $0M $0M $180M $270M

Figure 19: Programs Supporting Transformation of SUW Detect/Track/Classify

Decide/Task/Relay. The implementation of FORCEnet, including the common operational 

and tactical pictures and decision aids it will support, will transform Navy surface warfare from 

collections of ships individually combating other ships, to collaborative solutions for delivering

precision effects against maritime objectives. In this new naval surface warfare paradigm, the

most appropriate physical assets for delivering precision effects can be optimally selected

through an automated system that considers attributes of available assets, targets, and the 

operating environment, then tasking the appropriate asset digitally on an accelerated timeline.

In the near- to mid-term, the Navy is advancing down this path through the development of the

Joint Fires Network. Key naval programs supporting transformational advances in the

Decide/Task/Relay portion of the surface warfare engagement cycle are depicted in Figure 20. 

33 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Joint Fires Network

Initial Operating Capability (IOC)

$16M $23M $18M $35M $29M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Joint Fires Network

Initial Operating Capability (IOC)

$16M $23M $18M $35M $29M

Figure 20: Programs Supporting Transformation of SUW Decide/Task/Relay

Engage/Attack/Assess. The connectivity of new platforms and upgraded legacy assets with

ISR sensors through FORCEnet will enable them to fire on remote cues. Remotely cued

engagement will increase the lethality and survivability of these assets by allowing them to

engage targets over-the-horizon before entering the threat envelope of those hostile vessels. 

Moreover, the combination of off-board cueing, new passive tracking systems such as nextgeneration infrared sensors, and munitions with their own terminal guidance against moving 

targets will dramatically increase the stealth and survivability of U.S. naval surface assets by 

freeing them from the need to radiate energy to illuminate targets for precision munitions. 

Upgraded legacy and new platforms will also possess significant capabilities to provide an

effective defense-in-depth against swarms of small watercraft. Multi-mission cruisers,

destroyers, LCS, and unmanned surface vehicles will employ high-volume fire weapons and 

Joint Common Modular Missile launched from helicopters and the VTUAV, and upgraded closein defense systems such as CIWS Block 1B to provide a inner layer of defense against the 

small boat threat. Additionally, the fielding of high-energy weapons under development by the

Office of Naval Research has the potential to greatly enhance defensive capabilities against

small watercraft. 

Key naval programs supporting transformational advances in the Engage/Attack/Assess portion 

of the surface warfare engagement cycle are depicted in Figure 21 below: 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

CIWSBlk 1B

$144M $170M $146M $362M $274M

Joint Common Missile

$0.0M $0.0M $6.30M $5.90M $19.5M

LittoralCombat Ship (LCS)

$180.6M $518.0M $293.3M $1120.8M $1840.8M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capabi ng Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

CIWSBlk 1B

$144M $170M $146M $362M $274M

Joint Common Missile

$0.0M $0.0M $6.30M $5.90M $19.5M

LittoralCombat Ship (LCS)

$180.6M $518.0M $293.3M $1120.8M $1840.8M

Figure 21: Programs Supporting Transformation of SUW Engage/Attack/Assess 

34 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

SUW Metrics

Progress toward a transformational capability in SUW will be measured in terms of the

achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate appendix. 

Planned SUW Sea Trial Activities 

The following specific Sea Trial events from the 2004 Exercise plan will support the 

development of transformational capabilities in SUW: 

• Predictive Analysis wargame. March 04. 

• HSV Force Protection C2 Rapid Response platform experimentation. January-June 04 

(based on HSV schedule) 

• Shielding Elements of the sea base. Runup and M&S September-October 04. Live 

Force play in PACFLT Area of Responsibility (AOR) November 04. 

• Shipboard Protection System Limited Objective Experiment (LOE). FY04. 

• MUSTANG CANTER FY04 

4. Force Protection 

New Transformational Capabilities for Force Protection: 

Transformation in Force Protection focuses on full-dimension protection of forces afloat and

ashore, installations, and the development of terrorist response capabilities that can be either

expeditionary or serve homeland defense. 

Afloat. Afloat force protection will be accomplished through a combination of technology 

insertion of an integrated Shipboard Protection System (SPS) as well as embarkation of

specialized expeditionary security forces. This integrated system will support standalone 

defensive operations to protect a single asset without external support, while also fully enabling 

coordinated operations when external force protection assets are present. 

The integrated protection system will incorporate a variety of advanced technologies, and as a

byproduct of its integrated functionality, the system will help to address a number of significant

force protection challenges, including 

• Anti-swimmer defense 

• Swimmer delivery vehicle detection and tracking

• Detection of low cross-section air and surface targets 

• Detection and identification of surface threats at night and in conditions of reduced

visibility 

• Joint Combat Identification 

• Situational awareness in restricted waters, harbors and anchorages 

• Employment of the full spectrum of lethal and non-lethal means to defeat threats 

• The ability to detect, identify and neutralize personnel, cargo and vehicular threats to

moored naval vessels 

• Integrated chemical-biological-radiological defense 

• Effective use of collaborative command and control and planning systems, including 

tactical decision aids 

35 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

• Creating interoperability with waterside, landside, and expeditionary forces, including

other Service, U.S. non-DoD, allied and host nation organizations involved in the force 

protection mission. 

Figure 22: Programs Supporting Transformation of Force Protection 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Shipboard Protection System

USMC Non-Lethal Weapons

$45M $46M $46M $47M $47M

$20M $34M $25M $16M $16M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Shipboard Protection System

USMC Non-Lethal Weapons

$45M $46M $46M $47M $47M

$20M $34M $25M $16M $16M

Dedicated expeditionary forces such as Naval Coastal Warfare (NCW) and Mobile Security

Force (MSF) will provide full dimension area and point defense respectively. The concept for

the MSF was conceived after the bombing of the USS COLE in October 2000. The mission of

the MSF is to provide point defense force protection for High Value Assets (HVAs) such as U.S.

Navy ships, Military Sealift Command ships, commercial ships, and aircraft against terrorist 

attacks in locations or in situations where U.S. or host nation shore security infrastructure is 

either inadequate or does not exist. The detachments are designed to be a highly mobile, 

expeditionary force capable of maintaining a high operational tempo. A detachment will 

normally deploy with up to 10 days sustainment and will be primarily focused on threats existing

within 500 to 1,000 yards of a protected asset. NCW will continue to evolve to support Joint

force operations in and around Sea Port of Debarkations/Embarkations, and in a Homeland 

Defense role as needed. NCW will maintain the requisite sensor, C4I, and engagement 

capability to deter, defeat and respond to terrorists and special operations forces. 

To better protect the landside and waterside interface at Navy installations and some major

ports, Navy is teaming with the United States Coast Guard to develop a command and control 

operations center capable of providing a seamless response to potential conventional and

asymmetric threats. This Joint Harbor Operations Center (JHOC) will function as a well defined, 

flexible, and seamless structure to provide commanders timely exercise of authority and 

direction over assigned and attached forces. In addition, this capability will significantly improve 

connectivity and interoperability among maritime, joint, interagency, and selected commands 

that routinely conduct operations within a port environment.

The Fleet/Force Protection Future Naval Capability (FNC) demonstrates matured technology 

focused on organic self-protection of naval platforms against ant-platform weapons asymmetric 

threats. Technologies include Radio Frequency, Electro-Optic and Infrared weapons, sensors,

countermeasures and signature control as well as elements of damage control. 

Installations. The Navy - Marine Corps Team is devoted to supporting DoD Directive 3000.3,

which establishes joint service organizational responsibilities in Homeland Defense matters and

concerns in Force Protection. In particular, the naval team is engaged in the Critical 

Infrastructure Protection Program (CIP) to support this goal. The Department of the Navy 

Critical Infrastructure Program (DONCIP) consists of integrated naval vulnerability assessments,

defense industrial base surveys, education and training, and regional infrastructure collaboration

with other Federal, state, and local authorities. This partnership develops entities that are

essential for the DON to achieve effective protection of critical infrastructures. CIP capitalizes 

on physical, operational, and information security to establish mission assurance, and 

36 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

leverages the efforts of DoD to develop integrated physical/cyber and on/off base infrastructure

protection strategies. 

The Navy and Marine Corps are actively engaged in the Joint Service Installation Pilot Project

(JSIPP) and the Unconventional Nuclear Warfare Defense (UNWD) to enhance force protection 

at the installation level. JSIPP is a Department of Defense program to protect personnel on

military installations from Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear and High Explosive

(CBRNE) attacks. The program is designed to respond to attacks with trained and equipped

emergency responders, and to resume essential operations after an attack. The JSIPP project 

involves the procurement of Chem/Bio detection equipment designed to provide situational

awareness and aid in the command decision-making cycle. The UNWD pilot program is 

intended to provide a test bed for radiological and nuclear detection equipment at the installation 

level, and is being fielded at one installation per service with exercises being conducted at the

beginning of FY04. 

Force protection in domestic and some politically sensitive international situations may require

non-lethal weapons. DoD Directive 3000.3 designated the Commandant of the Marine Corps as 

Executive Agent for the DoD Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) Program, with the responsibility of

providing, “...program recommendations and for stimulating and coordinating non-lethal

weapons requirements.” NLW capabilities in the near-to-mid term will provide an increased 

ability to deny an area to ground traffic, including the Mobility Denial System, a joint program to

develop an anti-traction material (ATM) and delivery method. Other systems, like MK Short

Range Munitions, will provide an increased volume of Non Lethal response capability. This 

system will be able to project sting ball munitions that can be fired with an effective range of up

to seventy meters. Also, the naval team will have an increased ability to distract and deter

individuals from their hostile intent through the Clear-A-Space Distract/Disorient device, that is 

expected to be capable of delivering several modular payloads including flash-bang, rubber 

balls, sparks, concussion/overpressure, or riot control agents. The USMC is exploring 

scaleable, directed energy/non-kinetic full spectrum weapons that will be completely rheostatic 

(non-lethal to lethal/counter personnel, counter material) and fully integrated into the Marines’ 

warfighting capability. 

Terrorism Response. The Marine Corps is combining JSIPP and UNWD at one installation, 

giving the DoD one preeminent installation in which a full spectrum CBRNE capability is being

fielded. Congress recently increased the end strength of the Marine Corps in order to allow the

4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) Anti-Terrorism (AT) to establish its own command

element and Anti-Terrorism (AT) Battalion. These developments will enable the Marine Corps 

to be fully manned to meet the unique challenges of anti-terrorism by having the DoD’s only on

call anti-terrorism force for short notice deployments where the threat and nations interests 

demand. Other reorganization efforts that are being pursued include a realignment of structure

for the increase in the area of Military Police. This realignment proposal calls for an increase of

1089 Military Police officers and 361 civilians, negating the need for operational forces to be 

utilized as augmenters during heightened threat scenarios. The Marine Corps is acting with

creativity to establish new methods in organization and personnel employment to face the

threats and demands present in an unpredictable environment. 

The collective impact of successfully addressing these force protection issues will dramatically 

expand the options available to the joint commander for providing a forward presence in highrisk areas across the range of military operations, including not only operation in coalition ports

in support of major combat operations, but also in homeland security, and in using forward 

37 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

deployed naval forces to support peacetime engagement activities, strategic deterrence, 

stability operations, and other contingency operations. 

Support from Other Services and Agencies 

The following support from other Services and Agencies will be required to realize the

transformational potential of naval integrated force protection efforts: 

• All-source intelligence, accessible over the Global Information Grid for real time use in

naval threat detection and consequence management tools 

• Administrative and technical cooperation from the Coast Guard, federal, state and local 

law enforcement organizations, and selected foreign governments and international

maritime organizations 

• Compatible, persistent communication relays, such as UAVs and satellite 

communications systems provided by other Services 

• Ability to leverage the work of the U.S. Coast Guard on harbor defense and small boat 

entanglement devices. 

• Ability to leverage the efforts of the U.S. Army in development of new types of lethal and 

non-lethal ammunition. 

• Continued support from the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) for 

development and procurement of flash-bang warning munitions, hailing and warning

devices to determine intent, directed energy weapons, and acoustic/visual devices to

disable and disorient the threat. 

• New sensor technologies and processing and analysis techniques to leverage the

capabilities of national security space systems to support detection and geolocation of 

threats to naval forces, both at sea and in port. 

Metrics 

Progress toward a transformational capability in force protection will be measured in terms of 

the achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate

appendix.

Planned Force Protection Sea Trial Activities 

Over the next several years, the Navy – Marine Corps Team will be conducting a number of

concept studies, field experiments, and operational prototyping of key technologies and systems 

to support the development of the force protection capabilities discussed in the previous 

sections. Some of these planned activities include: 

• The testing of the Integrated Radar Optical Sighting and Surveillance System (IROS3) in

the Summer of 2003, involving an integrated radar, EO/IR sensor and the operation of a

remotely operated small arms mounts from centrally controlled operating stations in on 

the USS RAMAGE. RAMAGE will use the system in a CCG-8 swarm exercise in OCT 

2003 and will deploy wit IROS3 in order to gain lessons learned and integrated logistics 

support requirements. 

• The 4th MEB (AT) is participating in a joint Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) –

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) mission analysis addressing Navy Nuclear Weapons 

Security. The mission analysis is developing a force consisting of Marines and Sailors

38 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

that will protect strategic assets at both NSB Bangor and Kings Bay. Previously, these

assets were protected solely by Marines. 

• Conduct of a workshop to evaluate the potential predictive analysis as a tool to influence 

the allocation and location of DON FP efforts and resources. 

• Conduct of a Force Protection C2 Rapid Response Platform LOE, using HSV as a 

surrogate to investigate desired attributes of an afloat force protection command and 

control platform, able to move quickly to a port and set up force protection and security

for follow-on vessels. 

• Extensive testing of new force protection technologies at the North Island Test Bed, such 

as swimmer detection sonars and non-lethal weapons. 

• Extensive testing in Fall 2003 in USS BLUE RIDGE of 12 gauge and 40mm flash bang

munitions.

• Continued at-sea testing of the 5”/54 Force Protection BB-round for small boat defense.

Intend to integrate the software into all 5”/54 equipped ships in 2004.Testing of a “Lookpoint-shoot” capability for 5”/54 gun system. Integrated an enhanced EO/IR device and

laser range finder with the GFCS will enable operators to simple point and shoot for

extended ranges and lethality against small RCS surface craft.

B. Sea Strike 

An integrated set of innovative operational concepts, new organizations and advanced

technologies will be combined to transform the capabilities available to the joint commander for 

the projection of offensive power from the sea. Significant enhancements in naval deliberate

and time-sensitive strike capabilities, combined with bold Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM) 

operations will enhance the ability of naval forces to damage, seize, or destroy enemy forces at

extended ranges in accordance with the Joint Force Commander’s objectives in the littorals,

deep inland, and on the high seas. We are transforming the ability to employ these capabilities 

at a speed and rate that defeats any adversary’s ability to conduct effective operations against 

us despite his use of mobility and deception to neutralize our efforts. 

• 

• 

Project Dominant and Decisive Offensive Power Anywhere in the 

World

Immediate, Agile, and Sustainable Fire & Maneuver From the Sea

39 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Operating as part of a joint and combined force, naval forces are becoming increasingly capable

of delivering joint effects from extended range and with increased lethality, accuracy and

timeliness. Joint and naval forces will employ a combination of highly responsive fires in 

support of maneuver forces and deep strikes that will result in the rapid achievement of the

desired effects. Transformational future naval strike capabilities feature more flexible land

attack cruise missiles launched from ships and submarines, electronic Radio Frequency or 

digital attack from manned aircraft, UAVs, and ships, precision-guided munitions delivered by

naval manned and unmanned aircraft and surface ships, as well as highly-maneuverable and

increasingly lethal Marine forces and Sea Air and Land (SEAL) teams operating ashore. The 

transformed strike capabilities of the Navy and Marine Corps will complement the improved 

strike capability of the Air Force, Army, and Special Operations Forces. 

Figure 23: Deliberate & Time-Sensitive Strike Concept of Operations 

1. Deliberate and Time-Sensitive Strike 

Key Elements of Transformational Improvements in Deliberate and TimeSensitive Strike Capabilities: 

Naval initiatives will dramatically increase the flexibility and effectiveness of strike operations 

against fixed and fleeting, time-sensitive targets. Targets will be identified more rapidly and

effectively through enhanced, networked, persistent ISR systems. Netted fires and automated 

decision aids will accelerate the mounting of precision attacks on critical targets with appropriate 

precision strike means in order to create the appropriate effects. These precision fires will be

complemented by the enhanced operational reach and tactical flexibility of sea-based MAGTFs 

able to conduct Ship-to-Objective Maneuver. In addition, the range of effects available to the

joint commander through the use of improved naval strike capabilities will be substantially

expanded by including Information Operations (IO), incorporating influence operations and non40 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

kinetic attacks. The combination of these capabilities will fundamentally alter the ability of the

joint commander to execute both deliberate and time-sensitive strikes on targets throughout the 

battlespace in order to damage, seize, or destroy critical objectives with the highest tempo

possible.

The Navy – Marine Corps Team will combine these new operational concepts, technologies, 

and automated procedures to achieve responsiveness to calls-for-fire against an increasingly 

mobile, adaptive adversary. This approach exploits network-centric capabilities, integrating

remote sensor information with the full range of potential weapons via an end-to-end, sensorsto-weapons architecture to open a range of new possibilities. Included will be the option to

transmit in-flight target location updates allowing the redirection of munitions in flight, and new 

opportunities to rapidly redirect aircraft from their preplanned mission to prosecute timesensitive targets and respond to immediate calls-for-fire. Naval efforts will also increase

responsiveness to rapidly engage fleeting targets by dramatically reducing the time required for 

a weapon to reach its assigned target through a number of advanced munitions concepts 

including hypersonic speed. Non-kinetic weapons will deny or degrade enemy command and

control resulting in a decisive operational advantage for the joint force. 

To achieve these capabilities, S&T is being conducted in innovative designs, materials, 

structures and propulsion systems. Robust materials with lighter weight and higher temperature 

capabilities are being developed which will permit higher velocity aircraft and missile 

performance, as well as reduced procurement costs. 

Forward deployed naval assets will increasingly employ unmanned vehicles such as UAVs and

UUVs to greatly extend the persistence of sensors, dramatically expanding the commander’s

options to effectively detect and verify time-sensitive targets while minimizing the exposure of

our forces to increasingly lethal weaponry. These platforms will carry more effective multispectral sensors, leveraging advances in electronics and miniaturization. The combination of 

improved sensors, greater persistence, and greater latitude for use across the battlespace will

dramatically increase the amount of multi-source information available to commanders. At the

same time, connectivity between sensors and other nodes will enable earlier target 

identification, faster verification, improved ability to maintain a target track, faster deconfliction 

and identification of the appropriate effect, and the system to deliver it with reduced possibility of 

fratricide or collateral damage. At the same time, new battle management tools will allow both 

the firing platform and other manned platforms to rapidly assign ordnance and aircraft flight

paths to assist in rapid engagements and further improve our lethality and operational 

effectiveness. 

Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Near- and Mid-Term (2005-2015) 

Naval initiatives will enhance all dimensions of the engagement chain for deliberate and timesensitive strike. The combination of more persistent, netted ISR with greater decision speed 

and an expanded range of options for delivering precision effects will substantially increase the

capability of the joint commander to conduct deliberate and time-sensitive strike. The key 

transformational elements of the greatly improved deliberate and time-sensitive strike

engagement cycle are depicted in Figure 24. 

41 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Detect/Identify/Track Decide/Task/Relay Engage/Attack/Assess

Radar / ELINT adar / ELINT SOF

ACS SSGN

NextGen Precision Precision

Weapons

JSF

BAMS UAV

EO/IR

MMA

BAMS UAV

VTUAV

STRATCOM HQ

J-UCAS

JSTARS CGS

MC2A

Tactical Contr Tactical Controllers

CAOC GCE

J-UCAS

GWLR

SURSS UAV

CAC2S

HIMARS

Offensive IO

Detect/Identify/Track Decide/Task/Relay Engage/Attack/Assess

Radar / ELINT adar / ELINT SOF

ACS SSGN

NextGen Precision Precision

Weapons

JSF

BAMS UAV

EO/IR

MMA

BAMS UAV

VTUAV

STRATCOM HQ

J-UCAS

JSTARS CGS

MC2A

Tactical Contr Tactical Controllers

CAOC GCE

J-UCAS

GWLR

SURSS UAV

CAC2S

HIMARS

Offensive IO

Figure 24: Key Elements of Deliberate and Time-Sensitive Strike Transformation 

Detect/Identify/Track. The key naval advances in the detect/identify/track portion of the 

deliberate and time-sensitive strike detect-to-engage sequence will include expanded ability to

covertly insert and communicate with SEAL and Marine reconnaissance teams, to employ other

SSN-hosted sensors, and to collect intelligence data through a variety of unmanned craft such

as the BAMS UAV, as well as the ability to leverage the data from this proliferation of human

and unmanned sensors that will be “born integrated” into a joint fires architecture. 

Special Operations Forces (SOF) equipped to conduct clandestine missions, and delivered to

the area of operations covertly by a submarine outfitted with tactical planning and execution 

tools will provide the naval expeditionary and joint forces with far broader and more flexible

options in this arena. The SSGN, for example, will be able to embark, deploy, and sustain a 

large special operations force for several months. Significant improvements in habitability, 

stowage, mission planning capability, and physical fitness facilities, will allow the SSGN to

support a broad variety of collection missions and other operations over an extended period of

time, spanning the full spectrum of conflict from initial preparation of the battle space through

full-scale conflict. A robust FORCEnet capability will allow the Joint Special Operations Task 

Force (JSOTF) commander and his planning cell to complete his assessment of alternatives to 

successfully complete the mission. 

In support of both deliberate and time-sensitive strike, UAVs such as BAMS, Small Unit Remote

Scouting System (SURSS), VTUAV, and the Joint Unmanned Combat Aerial System (J-UCAS),

naval forces will provide the Joint Force Commander the ability to increase battlefield sensor 

density with greater persistence and less risk to personnel. Organic sensors throughout the 

battlespace will contribute to the increased operational picture. From space-based sensors to

unmanned remote sensing systems, from the E-2C Advanced Hawkeye to the Ground

Weapons Locating Radar (GWLR), these networked systems will provide a single coherent 

picture of enemy actions and locations. 

The following graphic depicts timelines and funding for key naval capabilities in the 

detect/identify/track portion of the time-sensitive strike detect-to-engage sequence. 

42 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

GWLR

$2.9M $1.8M $29.1M $1.3M $1.3M

SURSS

$11.3M $13.1M $1.5M $1.5M $1.5M

SSGN

$700M $32M $7M $0.0M $0.0M

J-UCAS

$112M $41M $5M $290M $484M

Broad Area Maritime Sur time Surveillance eillance UAV

$218M $241M $377M $689M $788M

VTUAV

$0M $0M $0M $180M $270M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

GWLR

$2.9M $1.8M $29.1M $1.3M $1.3M

SURSS

$11.3M $13.1M $1.5M $1.5M $1.5M

SSGN

$700M $32M $7M $0.0M $0.0M

J-UCAS

$112M $41M $5M $290M $484M

Broad Area Maritime Sur time Surveillance eillance UAV

$218M $241M $377M $689M $788M

VTUAV

$0M $0M $0M $180M $270M

Figure 25: Programs Supporting Transformation of Strike Detect/Identify/Track

Decide/Task/Relay. The Navy – Marine Corps Team is pursuing transformational 

approaches to the “Decide/Task/Relay” portion of the engagement cycle for deliberate and timesensitive strike. Future naval forces will engage targets throughout the battlespace from more

dispersed formations. Improving and building upon the cooperative, collaborative and 

networked naval system is essential to using the sea as an effective maneuver space. This 

networked systems approach to warfare will be achieved by combining sensors, command and

control, and fires, to form a networked “system of systems” that allows the joint commander to 

develop the knowledge superiority that enables rapid self-synchronizing and decisive action. 

Joint tactical controllers providing dynamic tasking of strike systems to mount timely attacks with

naval fires will be located in the air, on land and at sea. Airborne platforms capable of joint 

strike command and control will include the new Multi-sensor Command and Control Aircraft 

(MC2A), the Aerial Common Sensor aircraft that will replace the EP-3E, and the UH-1Y. These

capabilities will be integrated with ground-based and sea-based control elements such as those 

in the Common Aviation Command and Control System (CAC2S), Combined Air Operations 

Center, Common Ground Station (CGS) for the JSTARS and with the Maritime Component 

Commander. All of the joint controllers will have access to both near-real time sensor data, and 

the latest information on the availability of ready “shooters”— Tomahawk-equipped surface 

ships and submarines, strike aircraft and UCAVs; and MAGTF fire support assets. The result 

will be a scalable command and control architecture supporting commanders across the joint 

force. 

In general, naval migration towards open system architectures in new systems and upgrades to 

legacy systems is a key enabler of Sea Strike transformation. Each element in the emerging 

system will promptly post an expanding array of minimally processed sensor data on the

Internet Protocol network. This posted data will be rapidly accessible by controllers, and by 

assessment centers that produce the common operational and tactical pictures--effectively filling

the battlespace with “eyes” that collectively will significantly increase the joint capability to

detect, verify, identify, track, and relay information on time-sensitive targets. The combination of

the near real-time shared picture enabled by FORCEnet and the decision aids to exploit this 

data will allow tactical controllers to more rapidly verify targets, nominate the attack asset best

43 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

able to deliver the most appropriate effect, and to assess the effectiveness of the attack, in

order to decide on the necessity of re-targeting. 

The graphic below depicts timelines and funding for key naval capabilities in the

Figure 26: Programs Supporting Transformation of Strike Decide/Task/

decide/task/relay portion of the time-sensitive strike engagement cycle. 

Relay

Engage/A

-sensitive strikes, forward deployed naval forces will provide a

broader range of engagement options to the joint commander with greater precision, reach and

Manned

tactical aircraft and UAVs carrying precision-guided munitions will operate off the electrified,

l quantity of capabilities, 

including special operations forces, sensors, processors, delivery vehicles (UAVs, USVs, 

lement to a range of new delivery system capabilities, naval initiatives are also 

developing next-generation precision weapons with increased accuracy, making them both

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

MC2A

$0.0M $0.0M $175.0M $0.0M $0.0M

CAC2S

$70.3M $32.2M $103.4M $53.8M $50.5M

JSTARS Common Ground Station

$6.4M $5.2M $0.5M $5.4M $2.2M

DCGS-N

$57M $76M $78M $64M $65M

DCGS-MC

$14.6M $11.8M $7.1M $12.2M $9.4M

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

MC2A

$0.0M $0.0M $175.0M $0.0M $0.0M

CAC2S

$70.3M $32.2M $103.4M $53.8M $50.5M

JSTARS Common Ground Station

$6.4M $5.2M $0.5M $5.4M $2.2M

DCGS-N

$57M $76M $78M $64M $65M

DCGS-MC

$14.6M $11.8M $7.1M $12.2M $9.4M

ttack/Assess. 

For both deliberate and time

stealth. Increased use of next-generation missiles such as Tactical Tomahawk and Joint 

Common Missile, and unmanned platforms such as J-UCAS will continue to reduce the risk to 

pilots and increase the flexibility of the commander. The combination of manned and

unmanned assets will be available to launch precision attacks from forward-deployed naval 

forces at sea and ashore with greatly reduced prospect of detection and engagement. 

CVN21 will be the principal future sea base platform for Naval Tactical Aviation.

automated flight deck at potentially twice the tempo as previous classes. Core to the CVN21

design is incorporating the excess electrical power and additional space that will allow future 

technological advances to be absorbed as they evolve. CVN21 will be able to accept new

technologies in netted operations that are not even envisioned today. 

The SSGN will be capable of carrying a broad range and substantia

UUVs), and strike munitions such as Tomahawk cruise missiles packaged for submarine

delivery. SSGNs will also be capable of carrying large special operations teams and equipment

such as the Advanced SEAL Delivery System over an extended period to carry out a range of

missions. 

As a comp

more lethal and more usable in environments in which collateral damage is a significant 

consideration. Naval efforts in this area include next-generation EO/IR seekers, and other 

forms of precision terminal guidance, including terminal controllers equipped with advanced 

target designation and data-burst technologies. 

44 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Naval efforts toward precision terminal guidance that can be employed against all classes of

moving targets, in adverse weather, and at standoff ranges is a key dimension in the 

transformation of kinetic attack on time-sensitive targets. Developments in this area have

nsfer 

of precision-guided missile (PGM) mission data so that new targets can be struck even after 

an find and follow mobile targets 

without placing Sailors or Marines within the enemy threat envelope. To achieve these

s for attack aircraft. Such flexibility will increase the 

odds that each candidate in-flight “shooter” can access a munition appropriate to emerging

ological Operations (PSYOP)

delivery capabilities, maritime Computer Network Attack and advanced Electronic Attack, which

t data on target engagement just prior to target

impact, will accelerate the attack tasking cycle, increasing the likelihood that a “missed” target 

applicability across the range of delivery platforms, and include assuring day-night, all weather

precision effects at standoff ranges. These developments will ensure that enemy time-sensitive 

targets can be placed at risk on a continuing basis, significantly limiting adversary options on the

battlefield. Enhancements being explored to weapon terminal guidance in adverse weather 

include the use of GPS up-dates, and use of next-generation, affordable miniaturized sensors 

that leverage technologies which are degraded less by adverse weather such as millimeter 

wave radar and high power Light Amplification Direction and Ranging (LADAR) systems. 

The Navy and Marine Corps are also integrating the power of our precision-guided munitions

inventory with improved ISR and C2 capabilities. We are migrating to network-centric tra

launch platforms and PGMs are in flight. This will allow increased flexibility and precision in

time-sensitive missions against specific locations such as rooms in buildings, and bridge

sections or piers, as targeted by emerging ISR capabilities. 

Naval efforts to develop automatic target recognition capability and autonomous weapons will

also enable a new generation of precision seekers that c

advances, the Navy is exploring ways to combine and gain synergies between new miniaturized

sensors and advanced decision algorithms. 

Naval initiatives are also seeking to increase the likelihood of desired effects delivery by

increasing the flexibility of weapons payload

targets, while reducing the number of cases in which the environment in which the target is 

operating precludes action against it. One leading-edge technology for achieving this flexibility 

is adaptive ordnance. Adaptive ordnance payloads will consist of newly developed, advanced

energetic materials and embedded micro-initiators to control the directionality, form, and extent

of lethal effects. It will make use of a range of damage mechanisms ranging from “agent defeat”

through conventional high explosive blasts to multi-phase blasts and other advanced

approaches. It will be used, for example, to cause coupled overpressure buckling of an entire 

building complex, or for precision engagement of a small WMD site. Adaptive ordnance will 

also enable faster, more accurate battle damage assessment and a reduced re-strike

requirement, with an attendant reduction in risk to platforms and crews, and will contribute to a 

smaller deployed logistics footprint and overall campaign cost. 

The Navy – Marine Corps Team is also developing an expanded portfolio of non-kinetic attack 

means, including Information Operations (IO) such as Psych

will broaden the range of options available to the commander for achieving operational effects.

The development of capabilities through naval initiatives in this area could influence, deny, 

disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversary command and control, ISR and other computer systems to

achieve psychological advantages, negate warfighting effectiveness, and redirect adversary 

efforts toward threat targets of our choosing. 

Finally, the integration of weapons into the information architecture through systems such as

QuickBolt, carried by weapons that transmi

45 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

can be rapidly re-engaged, while freeing up assets traditionally used in battle damage

assessments (BDA) to search for other critical targets. 

Figure 27 depicts timelines and funding for key naval capabilities in the engage/attack/assess 

portion of the deliberate and time-sensitive strike engagement cycles.

Long term naval efforts in deliberate and time-critical strike are directed at forging a responsive

l area that 

can be fully integrated with the projection and operation of highly mobile ground forces. We will

The following support from other Services and Agencies will be required to enable delivery of 

e-sensitive strike:

• Joint tactical controllers that task and assist joint strike forces in locating and engaging 

• th the naval portion of the

forward Navy sensors and to be tasked by Navy and Marine Corps tactical

controllers. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 27: Programs Supporting Transformation of Strike Engage/Attack/Assess 

Transformational Concepts and Capabilities – Long-Term (Beyond 2015) 

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

EFSS

$7.3M $9.2M $17.6M $18.0M $8.2M

HIMARS

$20.8M $170.1M $246.0M $69.9M $55.2M

$700M $32M $7M $0.0M $0.0M

Joint StrikeFighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

J-UCAS

$112M $41M $5M $290M $484M

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

EFSS

$7.3M $9.2M $17.6M $18.0M $8.2M

HIMARS

$20.8M $170.1M $246.0M $69.9M $55.2M

$700M $32M $7M $0.0M $0.0M

Joint StrikeFighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

J-UCAS

$112M $41M $5M $290M $484M

SSGN

16 2017 2018 2019

SSGN

network of strategic, operational and tactical fires and maneuver throughout the littora

conduct simultaneous, widely dispersed operations that combine naval strikes with naval fires in 

support of ground units ashore as envisioned in the Marine Corps’ and Army's future warfighting

concepts. Challenges associated with this integrated network of sea-based fires and maneuver

forces include development of the capability to provide rapid, accurate, direct support fires to

maneuver forces at extended ranges, including long range precision fires against moving

targets, and the development of enhanced sensor and command and control capabilities to

support these long range timely fires and enable simultaneous operations. Programs under

development by ONR with revolutionary promise to address some of these challenges include 

hypersonic weapons and electromagnetic gun technologies. 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

the transformational capability in deliberate and tim

• Compatible sensor data from other Services’ ISR assets to support ship-based naval

fires and strikes by manned and unmanned naval platforms.

key targets 

Compatibility of other service engagement/attack assets wi

joint architecture, allowing Air Force or Army shooters to act on target information

provided by

46 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

• Compatible, persistent communication relays, such as UAVs and satellite

communications systems provided by other Services 

New sensor technologies and processing and analysis techniques to leverage the

capabilities of national security space systems to support ti

• 

me-critical strike. 

De e

rogress toward a transformational capability in deliberate and time-sensitive strike will be

measured in terms of the achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed 

ars, the Navy – Marine Corps Team will be conducting a number of

concept studies, field experiments, and operational prototyping of key technologies and systems 

ections. Some of 

these activities include: 

in Kirkucudgright, Scotland. 

• Examination of affordable weapon system capabilities to provide volumes of fires in 

• 

the common tactical pictures tailored to individual users 

ahawk with a payload of 132 to 154 missiles.

 and

• Expeditionary 

• 

• 

• 

August 04.

t Exercise (CPX)--September-October 04.

4.

lib rate and Time-Sensitive Strike Metrics 

P

in a separate appendix. 

Planned Deliberate and Time-Sensitive Strike Sea Trial Activities 

Over the next several ye

to support the development of the capabilities discussed in the previous s

• Naval electric weapons experimentation demonstrating hypersonic projectile firing and

railgun scalability for naval fires, including Rail Gun Limited Technical Experiment (LTE) 

#2 January 2004

support of ground forces 

Experiments with the clandestine employment of special operations forces (SOF) in

support of timely targeting 

• Enabled by FORCEnet software agent capabilities, examination of the utilization of 

targeting data provided by

• Evaluation of the SSGN capability to launch Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) 

Block III or the Tactical Tom

• Evaluation and refinement of tactics, techniques, and procedures for the Tactical 

Tomahawk Weapons System in order to maximize the transformational deliberate

time-sensitive strike capabilities of this precision, long-range weapon. 

Sea Viking 04 experiments to assess ISR capabilities required to support

Maneuver Warfare (EMW). The following specific Sea Trial events from the 2004 

Exercise plan will support the development of transformational capabilities in Deliberate

and Time-Sensitive Strike: 

• Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC) Wargame November 2003.

Terminal Fury 04. December 2003 in C7F AOR.

Silent Hammer LOE #2. C3F AOR. June 04.

JTF-EX 04. June 04.

• Global Engagement VII (USAF Title X Wargame) July 04.

• NAVSPECWARCOM SEAL Interoperability LOE.

• Fleet Battle Experiment-Lima. Command Pos

Exercise--November 0

47 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

2. Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM)

Transformational Objectives 

Marine Corps forces have long provided a scalable, tailorable and expeditionary combined-arms 

option, enabling joint commanders to deal with a wide range of contingencies. For decades, 

however, Marine power projection has included a deliberate buildup of combat power ashore.

This buildup required the establishment of a force beachhead, with relatively fixed fire support, 

logistics, and command and control positions located ashore. Only after naval forces fought

ashore and established a beachhead would the MAGTF begin to focus its combat power on the

Joint Force’s operational objective. A combination of naval initiatives in advanced mobility, fires, 

and sustainment capabilities, leveraging substantially enhanced information connectivity, will

enable future Marine forces to be employed in a dramatically different manner, making them an

even more effective tool of national power. 

Figure 28: Ship to Objective Maneuver Concept of Operations 

Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM) is a transformational tactical application of enduring naval 

capabilities for Operational Maneuver from the Sea (OMFTS) and exploits each of the enhanced 

capabilities described by Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare (EMW). Enabled by persistent, 

responsive, and dynamic sea bases, forward deployed in international waters, naval forces 

executing STOM will be able to project Marine Air-Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs) directly to 

critical operational objectives located deep inland, dislocating our adversaries both in space and

in time. STOM includes combined arms penetration and exploitation operations from over the

horizon by both air and surface means, with forces moving rapidly to operational objectives

without stopping to seize, defend, and build up beachheads or landing zones. STOM provides

the Navy - Marine Corps Team with an enhanced sea-based forcible entry capability, optimized 

48 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

for the introduction of follow-on Air Force, Army and multinational forces. In combination with 

other joint forces, naval forces capable of operational maneuver and STOM can also provide the 

Joint Force Commander with Operational Maneuver Elements (OMEs), ideal for creating

dilemmas for adversaries during sustained operations ashore. Because naval forces able to 

conduct STOM will be able project power more swiftly than ever before, they will be able to not

only “kick down the door” that the enemy’s defense’s present, they will also be able to “get a 

foot in the door”, and preclude him from effectively integrating his anti-access defenses as 

crises threaten. 

The realization of STOM requires advances in a range of capabilities in order to move, shoot, 

and communicate while sustaining operations over greater ranges and at a higher tempo than

ever before. To ensure that we pursue comprehensive change, we must comprehensively 

consider the way in which we intend to organize, deploy, employ and sustain our new

capabilities. The realization of STOM capabilities requires changes in our equipment, our 

organizations, and our concepts. These concepts will include not only our operating concept, 

describing our broad vision of STOM, but also the detailed development of functional concepts,

describing the warfighting functions required to achieve this objective. The ongoing

development of the STOM CONOPS provides a more detailed examination of capabilities 

required to execute STOM in a particular scenario, and serves as a baseline for further naval 

force development. 

Deploy Employ Sustain

MPF(F)

HSV

LHD

LHA(R)

LPD-17

Forward Deploy ard Deployed

Prepositioned Prepositioned

JSF

MV-22

KC-130J

Self-Deploying

TLAM/ERGM

JSF/UCAV-N

EFSS/LW155/HIMARS

Fires

LCAC

EFV

MV-22/CH-53X

Maneuver

MEFFV

GCCS

GCCS-MC

UOC/CAC2S/FICCS

C2

STOM Bridge

MPF(F)

CLF

Sense & Respond Logistics

MV-22/CH-53X

ILC

Flexible Sustainment Flexible Sustainment

Persisten Persistence

Deploy Employ Sustain

MPF(F)

HSV

LHD

LHA(R)

LPD-17

Forward Deploy ard Deployed

Prepositioned Prepositioned

JSF

MV-22

KC-130J

Self-Deploying

TLAM/ERGM

JSF/UCAV-N

EFSS/LW155/HIMARS

Fires

LCAC

EFV

MV-22/CH-53X

Maneuver

MEFFV

GCCS

GCCS-MC

UOC/CAC2S/FICCS

C2

STOM Bridge

MPF(F)

CLF

Sense & Respond Logistics

MV-22/CH-53X

ILC

Flexible Sustainment Flexible Sustainment

Persisten Persistence

Figure 29: Key Elements of Ship to Objective Maneuver Transformation 

Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Near- and Mid- Term (2005-2015) 

Development and fielding of improved capabilities to apply operational maneuver from the sea

at the tactical level via STOM in the near and mid-term timeframe is incorporated within the Sea

Strike Naval Capability Plan (NCP). Naval work in this area is planned and assessed under the

Fires and Maneuver Mission Capability Package and through the Marine Corps’ EMW

Capability List (ECL). 

49 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Key Elements of Transformational Improvements in STOM Capabilities

Maneuver: Advances supporting STOM begin with the development of advanced capabilities 

for maneuver itself. Complete exploitation of the battlespace by naval forces based upon the

MAGTF begins with the dedicated platforms described in the Sea Base capability section,

including the LHA-R, LPD-17, and future Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF(F)) vessels. It 

also depends upon a new generation of tactical mobility platforms to project forces ashore. The

MV-22 Osprey will provide the high-speed airlift necessary to rapidly move credible fighting 

forces from ships directly to operational objectives, contributing substantially to the operational 

agility necessary to establish a sustained dominant maneuver advantage over an enemy force. 

Its development will also provide USSOCOM with the special operations variant, the CV-22. 

The expanded capability the MV-22 provides versus the CH-46 will also permit the dedication of 

our heavy-lift aircraft to insert and sustain the MAGTF with heavy or out-sized cargo. The CH53X will provide the heavy lift required to transport heavy weapons, equipment, and supplies 

during STOM, and is an essential enabler of mobile forward area refueling and rearming

operations. 

On the surface, the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) combines capabilities for high-speed

movement across both water and land with armor protected firepower and transportation for

forces ashore. The Internally Transportable Vehicle (ITV), also being developed in conjunction 

with USSOCOM, will replace our current Interim Fast Attack Vehicles (IFAVs), providing critical 

ground mobility to vertically lifted elements of the MAGTF. Finally, replacements for both the 

Landing Craft Air Cushion and traditional lighters, such as the LCAC-R and LCU-R, provide the

ability to combine high speed vertical lift operations with the heavy combat power and

sustainment available for delivery via surface means. The combination of these new mobility 

sources will give naval commanders dramatically increased flexibility to bring ground forces to

bear from unexpected directions, with great speed, at the time of their choosing, and without an

operational pause at the beach. 

Fires: While fire without maneuver is most often indecisive, maneuver without responsive and

lethal fires can be suicidal. STOM will require the longer range and more precise fires that will

be provided by a combination of fixed and rotary-winged aircraft, Naval Surface Fire platforms, 

and the MAGTF’s organic ground combat systems, including those described in the Deliberate 

and Time-Sensitive Strike section above. STOM will integrate decisive maneuver with a variety 

of fires with increased range, lethality, accuracy, and timeliness from aircraft, ships, submarines, 

unmanned vehicles, and ground forces. Improved fire support capabilities will be enabled by 

FORCEnet, allowing the cross-correlation of information from naval, joint, national, and

multinational ISR assets and the timely tasking of naval strike capabilities. The ability to provide

timely supporting fires and responsive sustainment from secure platforms at sea will eliminate

historical sources of operational inflexibility, such as the need for an operational pause and 

force build-up at the beach, and the need to transport large quantities of supplies and support

equipment ashore, actions that slow the operation and reduce its flexibility once forces are 

committed to a particular avenue of approach. The absence of these constraints will enable the

Joint Force Commander to commit more combat power, more rapidly, in a far more flexible

manner than in the past.

Navy and Marine Corps aircraft, including the Joint Strike Fighter and AH-1Z Cobra, with

extended tactical reach, carrying precision weapons and linked via an enhanced naval fires

architecture to Joint Tactical Attack Controllers with the Marine Corps forces via advanced data

links, will operate from Carrier Strike Groups (CSGs), Expeditionary Strike Groups (ESGs), 

Amphibious Forces, and Maritime Pre-positioning Groups (MPGs) to provide more effective 

50 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

close air support (CAS) at much greater ranges. Next-generation naval guns and GPS-guided

ordnance such as the Extended Range Guided Munition (ERGM) and the Long-Range Land

Attack Projectile carried on surface combatants will provide expanded direct support capabilities 

to forces operating ashore. Naval initiatives to increase strike surge capacity, including 

miniaturized munitions, and the ongoing development of intelligent submunitions, will also play

an important role in providing the required quantity of precise, responsive fires to support 

STOM, while greatly expanding the number of aimpoints that each platform sortie can attack in 

support of forces ashore. Technologies incorporated into next-generation naval platforms such

as DD(X) will also increase the rate and responsiveness of fires through the automation and

acceleration of ordnance stowage, sorting, upload, and other facets of munitions handling.

Advances in the triad of organic and highly-responsive ground combat fire support, including the

Expeditionary Fire Support System (EFSS), the Lightweight 155mm howitzer, and the High

Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) will allow MAGTF units to integrate considerable

firepower with agile maneuver forces, ensuring the MAGTF can conduct high-tempo operations 

in all weather. As appropriate, the planning and execution of STOM will also integrate the range

of non-kinetic capabilities available to the Joint force, including military deception, PSYOP, EW, 

and Computer Network Attack (CNA). 

Communications: STOM will require new capabilities supporting command, control, and 

communication by forces that are on the move (OTM) and over the horizon (OTH). These

capabilities must include support for both precision navigation, and the integration of all

available naval, joint, and national capabilities. The FORCEnet section describes the majority of 

these efforts to support future naval forces. Current legacy Marine Corps digital communication

capabilities are designed for operation in Line of Sight (LOS) environments. This construct will 

not work in areas where Marine Corps units are geographically dispersed – either OTH or where

LOS operations are obstructed by mountainous or urban terrain. This shortfall will be corrected 

by the STOM Bridge and Point of Presence – Vehicle (POP-V) concept – a simple fix now that

will provide a networked OTH, OTM capability, with minimal changes to fielded communications 

equipment baseline, but similar to the capabilities of the networked battlespace that will be

provided by Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) in the 2010 and the Transformational 

Communications System (TCS) in the 2015 timeframe. The bridge networked architecture will 

not require significant modification as JTRS and TCS equipment comes on-line - the Marine 

Corps will replace the POP-V equipment with JTRS equipment and the STOM Bridge 

equipment with TCS terminals as they are fielded. Finally, the STOM Bridge will provide 

enhanced warfighting capabilities by better equipping units to fight the type of warfare

experienced in OIF and OEF – one of fluid geographic separation - extending warfighting

doctrine and Techniques, Tactics and Procedures (TTPs) to take advantage now of the

network-centric communications and information exchange capabilities planned for the 2010

and 2015 timeframes. 

Sustainment: STOM, enabled by Sea Base capabilities, will reduce the need to deploy forces 

into relatively fixed and vulnerable forward ports or airfields to conduct operations, dramatically 

accelerating timelines and reducing operational vulnerabilities for bringing significant forces to

bear. However, these changes in our concepts and capabilities for fire and maneuver will

demand changes in the methods we use to sustain naval forces, which are being developed as 

part of the Naval Logistics Integration effort. These include adjustments to our logistics

organizations, the further adoption of advanced information technology (IT) systems, and by 

streamlining cargo packaging, handling, and delivery. Additionally, transformational advances 

in Total Asset Management will enable the Future Logistics Enterprise in such areas as

predictive maintenance and the ability to repair and reconfigure platforms “on the fly.” 

51 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

A major characteristic of future MAGTF logistic/Combat Service Support (CSS) capabilities will

be the realignment of logistics functions and responsibilities—in garrison and deployed—so that

they are functional both afloat and ashore. The logistics/CSS capabilities in the MAGTF (minus

aircraft support and maintenance) will migrate to the MAGTF’s Combat Service Support 

Element (CSSE) and will be structured along General Support and Direct Support units. The 

principal strength of this organization is the ability of the MAGTF commander to place CSS 

capability when and where it is most needed, with a reduction of footprint ashore- footprint with

force protection and support requirements of its own. Logistics and other supporting functions 

will operate from multiple locations. Thus, logistics sustainment can come from a secure sea 

base, providing tailored support packages for movement directly to dispersed forces. By 

enabling the Ground Combat and Aviation Combat Elements (GCE & ACE) to focus resources 

on their primary missions, the MAGTF will realize a substantial enhancement in operational and

tactical agility. 

Advanced IT systems and Decision Support Tools (DSTs), such as the Single Integrated

Ground Picture (SIGP), Global Combat Support System – Marine Corps (GCSS-MC), LogC2,

and SEAWAY, will permit rapid planning and evaluation of available combat service support

capabilities, integrating sustainment and readiness with naval and joint operations. GCSS-MC 

is the physical implementation of the enterprise information technology architecture designed to

support both improved and enhanced MAGTF CSS functions and MAGTF commander and 

Combatant Commander (COCOM)/Joint Task Force (JTF) combat support information 

requirements. GCSS-MC is not a singular system but a portfolio of information technology 

capabilities that will support MAGTF CSS functions in expeditionary, joint, and combined 

environments. By implementing standard procedures and IT solutions across the pillars of CSS 

within the MAGTF, the joint theater, and seamlessly back to the Supporting Establishment, it will 

be a key contributor to the Global Information Grid (GIG) and help integrate operations and

sustainment. The implementation of the GCSS-MC system, with the uniformly accessible 

Shared Data Environment (SDE), will enable the Sense-and-Respond Logistics (S&RL)

capabilities to support maneuver forces both afloat and ashore. 

In coordination with the Office of Force Transformation, S&RL will be developed and 

experimented with by the naval Services as a cross-service, cross-organization capability to

provide a task and point-of-effect organized network of logistics resources and capabilities; 

where any entity (military, government, commercial) within the network is a potential consumer 

and provider of logistics. It will provide flexibility, robustness, and scalability for joint adaptive

warfare. “Co-evolution” techniques guide the development of S&RL. The techniques are used

to stimulate disruptive innovation through the continuous development and refinement of

concepts, processes, technologies, and organizations. The objective is to start influencing 

change immediately. The transformational logistics context that S&RL support includes: Real 

Time Management and Control, Prediction and Anticipation, Dynamic Optimization (reallocationreconfiguration-reprioritization), Seamless Logistics, and Short term Inventory Optimization. 

The logistics demand of forces ashore must be reduced by streamlining both what and how 

items are taken ashore. Additional technology must reduce the size and weight of items taken 

ashore, improve efficiency in vehicles and equipment, remotely monitor equipment, and by 

ensure total visibility of logistics assets (both supplies and transportation) and requirements. 

Advanced packaging must support integrated strategic, operational, and tactical sustainment,

minimizing delays as equipment and supplies move from around the world to the most forward

tactical units. Advanced intermodal modular packaging techniques will also improve handling 

and reduce retrograde, waste, and storage requirements. Prescribed loads must be small 

enough for the maneuver force to move with organic transportation and large enough to 

52 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

anticipate possible disruptions in resupply from the sea base caused by weather and enemy

action. Future naval capabilities to marry up equipment, assemble mission-tailored packages, 

and re-constitute at sea will be key enablers for STOM, and are discussed in greater detail in

the Sea Base capability section. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

EFV

$305.7M $433.8M $441M $637M $873.8M

MEFFV

$4.0M $5.0M $6.0M $6.3M $6.5M

LW 155

$180.6M $181.7M $74.7M $0.9M $0.0M

GCSS-MC

$24 $0.0.1MM $$0.0 12.7MM $07.01M $07.0M $06.0M7

SDE

$1.4M $1.4M $1.4M $1.5M $1.5M

EFSS

$7.3M $9.2M $17.6M $18.0M $8.2M

MV-22

MPF-F

LHA-R

$10M $10M $10M $1233M $2485M

$44M $40M $3140M $32M $15M

$1192M $1616M $2361M $2433M $2457M

ERGM

$70M $33M $37M $55M $82M

DD(X)

$1351M $3515M $2689M $3360M $4618M

CH-53X

$107M $297M $332M $338M $344M

Heavy Lift LCAC

$10M $10M $40M $5M $5M

Joint Strike Fighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capa ng Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

EFV

$305.7M $433.8M $441M $637M $873.8M

MEFFV

$4.0M $5.0M $6.0M $6.3M $6.5M

LW 155

$180.6M $181.7M $74.7M $0.9M $0.0M

GCSS-MC

$24 $0.0.1MM $$0.0 12.7MM $07.01M $07.0M $06.0M7

SDE

$1.4M $1.4M $1.4M $1.5M $1.5M

EFSS

$7.3M $9.2M $17.6M $18.0M $8.2M

MV-22

MPF-F

LHA-R

$10M $10M $10M $1233M $2485M

$44M $40M $3140M $32M $15M

$1192M $1616M $2361M $2433M $2457M

ERGM

$70M $33M $37M $55M $82M

DD(X)

$1351M $3515M $2689M $3360M $4618M

CH-53X

$107M $297M $332M $338M $344M

Heavy Lift LCAC

$10M $10M $40M $5M $5M

Joint Strike Fighter

$2275M $2743M $2841M $4859M $6553M

Figure 30: Programs Supporting Transformation of STOM 

Transformational Concepts and Capabilities – Long-Term (Beyond 2015) 

In the long-term, the application of Ship-To-Objective Maneuver to Operational Maneuver from

the Sea by Naval Expeditionary Force elements will incorporate further advances in maneuver, 

fires, communications, and sustainment, each validated by rigorous analysis and

experimentation. Maneuver and direct fire ashore will be provided by the MAGTF Expeditionary 

Family of Fighting Vehicles (MEFFV), intended to replace the capabilities provided by the 

current family of LAVs and the M1A1 Main Battle Tank in the 2018-2022 timeframe. MEFFV 

potentially will consist of other combat, combat support, and combat service support variants, 

and options to integrate development with the Army’s Future Combat System are being

aggressively pursued. Ship to shore movement of vehicles and heavy cargo may be provided 

by a new generation of high-speed lighters now being considered that exploit advanced hull 

forms and propulsion technologies. These platforms may also benefit from joint exploration of 

technology with the Army’s Theater Support Vessel. 

53 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Fire support will be managed by a fully netted, joint digital fires network, enabling the massing of

firepower from dispersed forces, including hypersonic missiles, electromagnetic guns, longrange projectiles, and miniaturized munitions. Innovative concept exploration and planning is 

ongoing in several areas, including directed energy weapons, space transport and insertion 

capabilities, advanced fuel technologies, and the doctrine, organization, training, leadership,

personnel, facilities (DOT_LPF) elements that support these concepts and technologies. The

future capabilities being explored will produce even more integrated options for joint force power 

projection throughout the battlespace, leveraging joint, other Service and national assets for ISR 

and other elements of the operation.

The capabilities developed to support STOM are complementary with those required to conduct 

Urban Operations. Specific efforts such as See Through The Wall and Standoff Breaching 

technology will be especially useful in the urban fight. However, ongoing work to provide Small

Unit Communications; combat identification and position location; and information connectivity

to decision makers will enable a force to exploit opportunities while conducting STOM and while

operating in the urban environment. Technologies to mark targets, both day and night, and at

micro-distances for the urban fight, will also lead to further capabilities for integrated combined 

arms on every battlefield. Whether across city blocks or the larger operational battlespace, 

Navy - Marine Corps Team is developing the ability to conduct coherent multiple, overlapping, 

and simultaneous operations to achieve Joint Force Objectives.

Both Operation ENDURING FREEDOM and Operation IRAQI FREEDOM demonstrated the

potential of STOM by allowing the seizure of Forward Operating Base Rhino and critical oil 

production facilities at Al Zubayr directly from the sea base. Future STOM operations must be

capable of similar operations, at expanded ranges, in a shorter time period, and against a higher 

threat, without the benefit of available Host Nation support or extended planning and rehearsal 

opportunities. STOM requires the integration of decisive maneuver with a variety of fires with

increased range, lethality, accuracy, and timeliness from aircraft, ships, submarines, unmanned 

vehicles, and ground forces. The ability to provide timely supporting fires and responsive 

sustainment from secure platforms at sea will eliminate historical sources of operational 

inflexibility, such as the need for an operational pause and force build-up at the beach, and the 

need to transport large quantities of supplies and support equipment ashore, actions that slow

the operation and reduce its flexibility once forces are committed to a particular avenue of 

approach. The absence of these constraints will enable the Joint Force Commander to commit

more combat power, more rapidly, in a far more flexible manner than in the past. 

STOM Metrics 

Progress toward a transformational capability in STOM will be measured in terms of the

achievement of warfighting capabilities. As a “mark on the wall,” the capabilities we are

pursuing include: 

• Projecting the vertical assault forces of a Marine Expeditionary Brigade 110 NM during a 

single period of darkness in order to conduct immediate tactical operations 

• Maneuvering vertical and surface assault forces 200 NM within 24 hours 

• Maneuvering smaller forces (reconnaissance, radio relay teams, etc) 240 NM as

required to support the MAGTF 

• Ensuring sufficient mobility and counter mobility capabilities exist to support maneuver 

Progress toward a transformational capability in STOM will be measured in terms of the

achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate appendix. 

54 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

The following support from other Services and Agencies will be required to enable execution of

STOM capability: 

• Compatible sensor data from other Services to support ship-based naval fires and

strikes by manned and unmanned naval platforms. 

• Compatibility of other Service capabilities within a Joint architecture, allowing Air Force 

or Army “shooters” to act on target information provided by forward naval sensors, both

manned and unmanned. 

• Continued development of joint “Blue Force Tracking Systems” to exploit the integration 

of joint fires with joint maneuver across an expanded battlespace 

• Coordinated development of joint tactics, techniques, and procedures for urban 

operations 

• Compatible, persistent communication relays and precision navigation capabilities, 

including UAVs and space systems 

• An integrated joint logistics capability which will provide depth to the support for STOM 

launched from the sea base, and may support other joint forcible- and early-entry 

capabilities 

• Advanced packaging technology to scale cargo throughput from strategic lift through 

tactical delivery 

Planned Sea Trial Activities 

Over the next several years, the Navy - Marine Corps Team will conduct a number of concept 

studies, field experiments, and operational prototyping of key technologies and systems to

support the development of the capabilities supporting STOM. Some of these activities include: 

• Development of naval strike capabilities, including integrated fires and maneuver, under 

the OMFTS concept using maritime forces described in the NOC. 

• Improved integration of ground forces C2 with maritime operations enabled by the

FORCEnet collaborative information environment (CIE). 

• Improved combat ID of ground forces by maritime forces enabled by the FORCEnet 

common tactical picture (CTP) processing. 

• Examination of the JFMCC organization and processes enabling the most effective

employment of the maritime functional component within the joint task force. 

• Consideration of a maritime operations planning process and function-based JFMCC 

staff organization. 

• Continued development of S&RL technologies in conjunction with the Office of Force 

Transformation to integrate operations and logistics. 

55 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

The following specific Sea Trial events from the 2004 Exercise plan will support the 

development of transformational capabilities in STOM: 

• Sea Viking 04 Advanced Warfighting Experiment. Preliminary activities December 03-

October 04. AWE October-November 04. 

• Rail Gun LTE#2. January 04 in Kirkcudbright, Scotland. 

• Medical Aspects of Seabasing Workshop. March 04 in Newport. 

• Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) Combat Feeding Tracking Prototype 

Demonstration. March/April 04. 

• MAGTF Distribution LOEs. Mar-Jun 04 

• Sense & Respond Logistics LOE. Apr 04 

• Silent Hammer LOE #1. June 04 in the C3F AOR. 

• Global Engagement 7 (USAF Title X Wargame). July 04. 

• Fleet Battle Exercise Lima. CPX September-October 04. Exercise November 04 in the 

C3F AOR. 

C. Sea Base 

Transformational Objectives: 

The Sea Base Naval Capability Pillar (NCP) incorporates the elements of our naval vision that

contribute the mobility and sustainment required to project combat credible and persistent 

forces anywhere in the world at any time. The threats that the United States will face in this

century require the capability of joint forces to conduct a full range of military operations, from

small SOF units engaged in combating terrorism to large forces conducting major combat 

operations. Effective power projection, however, depends on the joint force’s ability to rapidly 

close, effectively employ, and reliably sustain forces. Anti-access technologies including

missiles, mines and weapons of mass destruction; and area denial strategies, including regional

and ethnic tensions, require new U.S. capabilities for power projection. Representing more than 

a single system, the Sea Base NCP combines the capabilities needed to provide a sovereign,

maneuverable and secure “base” that can be used to assemble, command, project, sustain, and

reconstitute combat power, relatively unconstrained by political and diplomatic restrictions. 

• 

• 

• 

Exploit Maneuver Space Provided by Control of the Sea 

Project and Sustain Responsive Forces Worldwide 

Minimize Vulnerabilities Tied to Bases Ashore

Tools developed through the Sea Base NCP will provide our Nation and the Regional

Combatant Commanders with unprecedented freedom of action and flexibility, and serve as a

basis for new methods of joint warfighting. We will provide a family of maritime platforms, 

capable of supporting at-sea arrival and assembly, selective offload, rapid movement ashore, 

combat sustainment and reconstitution of combined-arms MAGTFs, with supporting precision

fires which will support a range of joint operations, without reliance on ashore facilities within the

Joint Operational Area. The resulting ability to immediately project power from the sea will

56 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

enable the U.S. to better influence a potential crisis, and may prevent escalation to military

conflict. When crises occur, the same capabilities that allow us to more rapidly strategically 

deploy forces will also allow us to employ and sustain them with greatly enhanced tactical

flexibility, enabling more effective resolution of conflicts. Employed together with those 

developed through the Sea Strike, Sea Shield, and FORCEnet NCPs, Sea Base capabilities will

equip the Joint Force Commander (JFC) with a credible, scalable, and persistent joint response

capability, and the means to exploit the operational maneuver space offered by the sea. 

While, in a sense, a sea base is established with the arrival of a single vessel, the sea base of 

the future will be an inherently maneuverable, scalable aggregation of distributed, networked 

platforms that enable the global power projection of offensive and defensive forces from the

sea, and includes the ability to assemble, equip, project, support, and sustain those forces 

without reliance on land bases within the Joint Operations Area. To realize the full potential of 

Seabasing, new capabilities are required to enhance our ability for rapid force closure, at-sea

arrival and assembly, selective offload, indefinite sustainment, and re-constitution and redeployment at sea of naval and joint forces. These changes in the methods we use to organize,

deploy, and sustain forces through the sea base will provide future Joint Force Commanders

with transformed physical freedom of movement, freedom of action, reduced vulnerability to

attack, and increased strategic agility. 

Figure 31: Seabasing Concept of Operations 

Sea Base Transformational Concepts and Capabilities: Near-and Mid Term (2004-

2015) 

In the near-term, the Global Concept of Operations will be fully implemented and refined

through experimentation while investments are made in science and technology efforts to 

57 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

develop new capabilities that support Seabasing. During the mid-term, Maritime Prepositioning 

Groups (MPGs) and their associated Marine Expeditionary Brigades (MEBs) will be available for 

Seabasing. The results of the near-term S&T investments, and experimentation, will provide 

increased sustainment support, both for the sea base and the forces operating from it. New 

platforms entering the fleet such as LHA(R) and MPF(F) will reduce force closure timelines 

through the ability to conduct at-sea arrival and assembly, and will provide an enhanced 

capability to employ, sustain, re-constitute, and re-deploy those forces, as required. These

changes in the methods we use to organize, deploy, and sustain forces through the sea base 

will provide future Joint Force Commanders with transformed physical freedom of movement, 

freedom of action, reduced vulnerability to attack, and increased agility. 

Deploy Employ Sustain

LHA(R)

LPD-17

Rapid Force Rapid Force Closure

MPF(F)

HSV

MV-22

At-Sea Arrival & Assembly

MPF(F)

Selecti Selective Offload

LCAC/LCU(R)

HSV

MV-22/CH-53X

Reconstitution at Sea

MPF(F)

Sense & Respond Logistics

CLF

MPF(F)

Indefinite Sustainment

SSGN

Carrier Strike Group

Strategic Airlift

HSV

ILC

Deploy Employ Sustain

LHA(R)

LPD-17

Rapid Force Rapid Force Closure

MPF(F)

HSV

MV-22

At-Sea Arrival & Assembly

MPF(F)

Selecti Selective Offload

LCAC/LCU(R)

HSV

MV-22/CH-53X

Reconstitution at Sea

MPF(F)

Sense & Respond Logistics

CLF

MPF(F)

Indefinite Sustainment

SSGN

Carrier Strike Group

Strategic Airlift

HSV

ILC

Figure 32: Key Elements of Sea Base Transformation 

Closing the Force. Seabasing will provide the JFC with significantly expanded options for

rapidly bringing significant force to bear in support of his operational and strategic objective. 

ESGs with their embarked Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) 

(MEU(SOC)) on amphibious ships such as LHA(R) and LPD-17 and supported by DD(X)s, CGs,

LCS, and SSGNs, CSGs, and MPGs will continue to be forward deployed and pre-positioned

around the world to provide presence and initial response to developing crises. When required,

an Expeditionary Strike Force (ESF), consisting of ESGs, CSGs, Amphibious Forces, and

MPGs with associated MEBs, capable of conducting a wide range of military operations, 

including forcible entry operations, can be formed within 7-14 days. Marines will flow from 

CONUS to advanced bases (AB) or intermediate support bases (ISBs), and on through some 

type of air or high-speed surface connectors to the MPG, where their equipment is prepositioned. The ability to flow these troops to the advanced sea base without reliance on land

facilities within the Joint Operating Area (JOA) is a transformational change from today’s 

capabilities.

At-Sea Arrival and Assembly. The at-sea arrival and assembly capability provided by the

sea base will give naval and joint forces transformational options for rapidly assembling a 

significant force. This capability will significantly compress the force employment timeline for 

the MPF from the current 10 days from force arrival to offload in a benign seaport, to a period of

24-48 hours from when forces arrive at the sea base. Through en-route collaborative planning,

forces will arrive ready to be married up with the pre-positioned equipment required for their

mission, and immediately employed. The key to this capability will be the introduction of the 

MPF(F) with its designed-in capability to receive large numbers of troops and selectively offload

only the equipment required for the assigned mission. This ability to match arriving troops with 

58 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

their equipment, without the requirement for an in-port offload is a transformational change from 

today’s capabilities. 

Employing Forces. The capability to rapidly employ elements of a MEB-sized force within 10

hours and sustain that force indefinitely from the sea base is a transformational warfighting 

capability. 

Seabasing will provide the JFC with significantly expanded options and flexibility for employing 

the joint force from a secure and maneuverable base of operations. Joint forces, rapidly 

assembled and prepared for operations at the sea base, will move to their objectives using 

surface assets such as, Landing Craft Air Cushions (LCACs) and next generation Heavy Lift 

LCACs (HLLCACs), High Speed Vessels (HSVs), Utility Landing Craft (LCU(R)), and

Expeditionary Fighting Vehicles (EFVs). These Joint forces will also be transported by aircraft, 

including MV-22s and CH-53X Assault Support aircraft. SSGNs, as part of the sea base, will be

able to employ a SOF contingent of up to 66 personnel for an extended period of time providing

clandestine insertion and retrieval via built in lockout chambers, dry deck shelters, or the

Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS). These employment options will provide JFCs with 

flexible and tailorable range of force packages for conducting operations and projecting effects 

ashore, from non-combatant evacuation and humanitarian assistance operations to high 

intensity combat. Marines and SOF projected ashore from amphibious ships and MPF(F) ships, 

located over the horizon and at least 25 nm at sea, will have the capability to seize critical

objectives deep within enemy territory. 

High-speed transport vessels will contribute greatly to our ability to project power with

expeditionary forces. The Office of Naval Research will conduct risk mitigation demonstrations

for high-speed vessel technologies using the X-Craft, scheduled for delivery in FY 2004.

Additional research is being conducted into the unique aspects of composite high-speed vessel 

technologies, such as structural and environmental testing, aviation certification analysis, and

lifting body performance assessments. 

Sustaining Forces. Near-term experimentation and investments in science and technology, 

combined with the introduction of new air and surface platforms and the ability to maintain total 

asset visibility, will improve sustainment at sea, minimize or eliminate time off-station for

replenishment, and decrease the time required to flow sustainment to forces operating ashore. 

The use of the MV-22, CH-53X, HSV, LCAC, HLLCAC, and LCU(R) will enable faster logistics 

support to forces ashore from greater distances, thus increasing the survivability of sea base

platforms by allowing them to operate further off-shore. Investments are being made in 

advanced technologies that will allow at-sea transfer of heavier cargo, improve station keeping

during at-sea transfer operations, and increase the weight capacity of the LCAC, among other 

efforts. 

As currently envisioned, the sea base will be able to accept forces and materiel for sustainment 

directly from CONUS, from an advanced base no further than 2000nm from the sea base, or

from closer intermediate sites, with an anticipated throughput of 2000 short tons per day. 

Operating 25-100nm from shore, the sea base will be capable of sustaining forces ashore out to 

a total of 240nm away. The sea base will possess the capability of transferring a maximum of 

1500 short tons per day to forces engaged in high intensity operations ashore or other naval 

forces operating in or outside of the sea base operating area. Sustaining forces operating 

ashore from the sea base will minimize the requirement for accumulating an “iron mountain” of 

supplies ashore, reducing both operational pauses during operations and force protection 

requirements. New initiatives within the Marine Corps’ Logistics Enterprise Integration will 

59 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

streamline logistics processes, and standardize deployed logistics to best support sea-based

operations. Sense & Respond Logistics, as an adaptive method for maintaining operational 

availability of units by managing their end-to-end support network, may provide a powerful set of 

tools for sustaining our forces while maintaining the highest possible operational tempo. 

Finally, improved sustainment at sea depends on effective maintenance with increased

warfighting system availability. Since maintenance consumes about 40% of the Operations and

Maintenance budget, ONR is conducting S&T directed at reduced maintenance enabling 

capabilities. This research and development focuses on technologies that will reduce 

significantly the labor hours required for maintenance activities, as well as the financial burden 

of inspection, component replacement, refurbishment, and maintenance procedures. 

Reconstituting and Redeploying Forces. Sea Base capabilities will also dramatically 

expand the options of the JFC by enabling forces to reconstitute at sea, restore combat power 

and re-deploy. Technologies achieved in the mid-term will enable forces to move back to the 

sea base via both air and surface means, restore combat power by resting and training

personnel, and repair, replace, refit, rearm, and refuel equipment in preparation for redeployment. This retrograde operation will take place in 12-48 hours with a 48-hour window for 

re-employment. The redeploying forces may require more services over a longer time, if they 

are to be recommitted to intense combat operations than to humanitarian assistance operations.

The following table shows the naval investment over the FYDP in programs for developing Sea 

Base capabilities and the timelines for the introduction of these capabilities to the fleet. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

High Speed Vesse eed Vessel

$17M $17M $18M $0.0M $0.0M

LPD-17 Amphibious AssaultShip

$9M $2155M $1229M $1287M $1376M

MPF-F

$10M $10M $10M $1233M $2485M

LHA-R

$44M $40M $3140M $32M $15M

Heavy Lift LCAC

$10M $10M $40M $5M $5M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Initial Operating Capabilit pability (IOC) Full Operating Capabilit ing Capability (FOC)

High Speed Vesse eed Vessel

$17M $17M $18M $0.0M $0.0M

High Speed Vesse eed Vessel

$17M $17M $18M $0.0M $0.0M

LPD-17 Amphibious AssaultShip

$9M $2155M $1229M $1287M $1376M

MPF-F

$10M $10M $10M $1233M $2485M

LHA-R

$44M $40M $3140M $32M $15M

Heavy Lift LCAC

$10M $10M $40M $5M $5M

Figure 33: Programs Supporting Transformation of Sea Base 

To realize the full potential of Seabasing, technologically based advancements in areas such as 

selective offload, joint command and control, integration of naval logistics and joint in-transit

visibility, at-sea transfer of personnel, inter-modal containers, and out-sized equipment, bulk

liquid transfer and delivery, and at-sea reload of munitions are required. These new capabilities 

will enhance our ability to close the force, conduct at-sea arrival and assembly, employ the 

force, sustain the force, and reconstitute and redeploy the force. 

ONR, through the Future Naval Capabilities (FNC) process, is exploring a number of

approaches to enhance the sustainment, onboard material handling, and selective offload from 

the sea base. This is primarily being advanced by the Expeditionary Logistics Future Naval

Capabilities (ExLog FNC). The ExLog team is developing an integrated model of the entire 

logistics chain, from CONUS departure to delivery to the warfighter, to simulate current and

60 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

proposed logistics systems and identify bottlenecks. Involvement with the development of the 

Sea Base CONOPS, the MPF(F) CONOPS, the MPF(F) Analysis of Alternatives, and other 

efforts enables the ExLog component of the Littoral Combat Power Projection (LCPP) FNC to

identify critical capability gaps and promising technological solutions. 

The current Combat Logistics Force (CLF) is sized to provide logistics support to sustain the

Carrier Battle Groups of the past, not the CSGs, ESGs and MPGs of the future. An ONR 

funded study of a Heavy Underway Replenishment (UNREP) system (12,000 pound capacity) 

determined that an acceptable engineering solution was viable and work is now progressing

with Research and Development (R&D) funding from the MPF(F) and CVN-21 programs. The

Heavy UNREP system will increase the capability of the CLF but the enhanced CLF will still be 

unable to sustain the entire sea base.

One option is to leverage commercial shipping to augment the CLF during crisis periods, and to 

expand the defense sealift capability to support additional platforms beyond the current

operating practices. Because the vast majority of commercial shipping is done by intermodal

containers, it is anticipated that containerships will be the delivery vessel of choice. Investment 

is being made in the High Capacity Alongside Sea Base Sustainment (HiCASS) product line to 

enable the transfer of 20-foot International Organization for Standardization (ISO) containers, or

other packaging that can be handled as a 20 foot ISO container (or Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit, 

TEU), from non-self-unloading containerships to the logistics ships. HiCASS is also investing in 

technologies to improve the Navy’s ability to conduct UNREP safely. As part of naval 

distribution supporting Fleet and joint operations, the initial transition target is MPF(F), but it will 

be possible to provide this increased volume handling capability on other CLF ships as well. 

The ENS concept requires the ability to selectively offload equipment and supplies in order to

provide tailored forces and tailored support packages. The sea base must be capable of rapid

resupply from commercial ships through the at-sea transfer of heavy intermodal packaging such 

as twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs). New intermodal naval packaging that connects to form

TEUs facilitates the breakdown and transshipment within the sea base. The focus for at-sea 

transfer of actual TEUs will be the MPF(F) ships with the other platforms within the sea base 

(CSG, ESG and CLF) capable of 12,000 pound intermodal container (similar to current QuadCons) transfer. Current breakbulk/palletized transfer capabilities will be maintained to sustain

the legacy and coalition forces. The ExLog FNC is making investments in shipboard

automation, robotics, packaging, and elevator technologies to enable rapid selective offload with 

minimal manpower and high stowage densities in MPF(F), and support increased sortie rates in 

CVN-21 by moving weapons quickly from the magazines to the flight deck. Ropeless elevator 

product lines are developing technologies, which, when integrated with automated warehousing

systems for stores and weapons, will provide maximum flexibility to handle a wide variety of 

naval cargo. This capability will more effectively support future throughput requirements by 

enabling cargo to be rapidly moved from the automated holds to transfer and rearm stations on

the upper decks. The ability to rapidly stow materials will also reduce the time alongside CLF 

ships during replenishment. 

Current lighterage – LCACs, LCUs, and other craft used to move materials short distances in a 

Joint Logistics Over the Shore (JLOTS) operation – are limited by sea state or load. Airborne 

rotary wing connectors like CH53X and MV-22 can operate in higher sea states, but don’t have

the load carrying capability to deliver the throughput and cannot move many of the large end 

items like trucks and tanks. 

R&D in this area includes the Heavy Lift LCAC (HLLCAC) program, with the ExLog investment 

focused on the development of high lift propulsion fans and high volume lift fans. HLLCAC will

provide increased rapid amphibious transport across a broader variety of terrain, proliferating 

61 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

support options and increasing the throughput of equipment and assault forces to tactical 

positions. High Speed Vessel technology is also being evaluated to meet lighterage

requirements and to serve other critical intra-theater needs. ONR funded instrumentation of

HSV-X1 provided mobility, seakeeping and structural load data to enable a critical assessment

of commercial fast ferry technology. This experiment will determine the limits of COTS

technology, validate engineering analysis tools for lightweight aluminum catamarans, and

identify areas requiring investment, and may benefit the Army’s exploration of Theater Support 

Vessel (TSV) development. 

The ExLog component of the LCPP FNC has also developed a line of products focused on

sustainment command and control in support of Seabasing. These decision support systems

incorporate situational awareness, demand forecasting, and logistics mission planning

technologies. The C2 Combat Service Support (CSS) Tool Kit, supporting LogC2 under GCSSMC, integrates a number of these capabilities and will provide independent and interoperable

modules, enabling and automating logistics planning, decision support, execution and

assessment. 

Transformational Concepts and Capabilities: Far-Term (Beyond 2015) 

In the far-term, the naval Services will realize the goal of fielding three operating Maritime

Prepositioning Groups (MPGs) to provide full advanced ENS capability in three theaters 

simultaneously. The continued drive toward commonality of equipment between the Services 

will increase the extent to which joint and coalition forces will be capable of flowing through the 

integrated sea base, supporting and being supported from it. Our Seabasing concept depends 

upon the fielding of capabilities for at-sea arrival and assembly, selective offload, and 

reconstitution to support the ability of an Expeditionary Strike Force (CSGs, ESGs, Amphibious 

Forces, and MPGs) to mount a forcible entry operation in any two of four critical regions within

7-14 days. 

Joint Support 

As the U.S. joint force becomes lighter and more operationally agile, the application and

sustainment of joint forces from a secure sea base will enable U.S. forces operating unilaterally 

or with coalition forces to dominate any adversary or situation within the littorals, across the full 

range of military operations. Systems developed within the Sea Base NCP will provide a secure

and maneuverable location to integrate the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) with

elements of the JFC staff that require actual presence in the JOA along with reach-back support

as required to C2 elements outside the JOA. The sea base will be capable of supporting a

forward JFC staff (including subordinate components and coalition staff elements) of 500-800

personnel for crises of any nature, throughout the duration of an operation, without displacing or

inhibiting combat capability inherently resident in the sea base. FORCEnet will provide

adaptable command and control network capabilities that will make naval platforms the optimal 

location for future JFCs. 

Experimentation 

Naval forces have been working together to build concepts of operations for the future including

the STOM CONOPS (draft) and Sea Base CONOPS (draft). These draft CONOPS are based 

the Secretary of the Navy’s Naval Power 21, the Navy and Marine Corps senior concepts, Sea 

Power 21 and EMW, and the Naval Operating Concept for Joint Operations. These draft

CONOPS establish the foundation for further concept development and experimentation that will 

help determine how the Navy - Marine Corps Team will operate in the future. 

62 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

The FY04 Experimentation Plan outlines Sea Base experimentation objectives and plans. The 

two long-term goals of Sea Base experimentation are to develop the Seabasing concept and the

organization and procedures for the ESG in support of the Global CONOPS. FY04 Sea Base 

experimentation objectives serve as stepping-stones towards achieving the long-term goals and 

include: to assess the scalability of the sea base and its ability to support joint forces; to assess 

the effectiveness of new platforms, systems and other technologies (e.g. selective offload) in

support of the sea base; to develop the organization, procedures, and tools required to support

an ESG. 

The FY04 Experimentation Plan also includes plans to examine FORCEnet in relation to its 

ability to support ENS concepts. The experiment will study C2 functions that may be more

efficiently executed from shore-based locations, identify the FORCEnet capabilities needed to

enable a distributed ESG C2 organization to conduct missions, address new procedures 

required to conduct distributed C2, and study the how FORCEnet might enable the ESG C2

organization to operate with fewer embarked personnel. The following specific Sea Trial events

from the 2004 Exercise plan will support the development of transformational capabilities in the

Sea Base NCP: 

• JFMCC Wargame. Nov 03 

• Sea Viking 04 Advanced Warfighting Experiment. Preliminary activities November 03 – 

October 04. AWE October-November 04 

• NAVSUP Smart Store Project Demo. Jan 04 

• NWDC/Naval War College (NWC) Medical Workshop #2. Mar 04 

• NAVSUP Combat Feeding Tracking Demo. Mar/Apr 04 

• Unified Quest (Army Title X Wargame) Game. Apr 04 

• NAVSUP Inter-ship Stores Demo. Jun 04 

• Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX) 04-02. Jun 04

• Global Engagement 7 (USAF Title X Wargame). Jul 04 

• Heavy UNREP Equipment Ship Installation. Nov/Dec 04 

D. FORCEnet 

FORCEnet is the operational construct and architectural framework that will provide the 

capability to deliver the persistent and comprehensive surveillance, rapid networked command, 

and common, accurate battlespace picture necessary to support decision making at a tempo

that overwhelms an adversary's capability to react and respond. To do this we will field an

optimum mix of persistent distributed and penetrating naval sensors that contribute to joint 

comprehensive surveillance and targeting in all dimensions of the battlespace; jointlyinteroperable, secure, and interconnected networks that move data with minimum latencies; and 

command and decision systems that provide the real-time, common, and precise operational 

and tactical picture needed by each unit to support its role in the force. Recognizing that space

system capabilities are integral to FORCEnet but that most space systems are acquired outside

of DON, a proactive strategy will be employed to shape the outcome of joint deliberations on

national security space. Building upon the substantial increase in combat capabilities made 

possible through aligned and integrated systems, FORCEnet is the enabling capability for a fully 

networked naval force, connecting it to the similarly networked joint force that will be linked

together by the Internet Protocol (IP) - enabled, Global Information Grid. Our systems will be

63 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

conceived, developed and implemented as truly joint, integrated capabilities – capable of

generating improved coalition effectiveness. 

• 

• 

Connect Sensors, Networks, Weapons, Decision Aids and 

Warriors from Seabed to Space

Accelerate Speed and Accuracy of Decisions Across Spectrum 

of Command

Implementing the FORCEnet vision will link warfighters ashore, at sea, and in the air into a 

series of highly integrated distributed services networks that are capable of providing critical 

operational and tactical information to specified users on a rapid and continuous basis. The

“publish and subscribe” construct for moving data within the network backplane will facilitate

greatly improved, shared battlespace awareness, rapid dissemination of the Joint Force

Commander’s evolving campaign plan/”intent,” and faster passing of information about the 

enemy from surveillance systems through controllers to ready forces with the right weapons for 

attacking key targets. FORCEnet enhances naval capabilities to quickly make and execute

decisions in the battlespace, to synchronize the activities of widely distributed forces to mass 

effects on the enemy, and to reduce threats to Sailors and Marines by providing broader 

situational awareness. The distributed services and specialized mission applications carried on

FORCEnet are as important to future naval combat capabilities as the platforms and weapons

they link. Thus, FORCEnet is a critical enabler of naval force transformation. 

1. Networks 

Key Elements of Transformational Network Capabilities 

Future communications systems will distribute data and information to the warfighter across 

fault tolerant, adaptable, self-organizing, self-monitoring and healing, continuously available

networks. A wide range of transmission paths, interoperable with those used by joint, coalition,

civil and law enforcement agencies, will be utilized. Warfighters embarked in net-ready aircraft,

tanks and ships will be able to communicate freely and autonomously down to the data-level, 

while the underlying communications and network infrastructure will be invisible to the users. 

The infrastructure will also be readily deployable to any operating environment. 

64 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

JTRS

GIG-BE, ES

Terrestrial NMCI

Shore Establishment

Figure 34: FORCEnet Integrated with DoD Network Infrastructure 

Figure 34 illustrates the fully integrated relationships between the various elements of

FORCEnet and the DoD-wide network infrastructures. The FORCEnet network infrastructure

will contain two major components: the deployed infrastructure and the fixed ground

infrastructure. Deployed naval forces will maintain connectivity to the shore infrastructure via

satellite communications through Teleports (high bandwidth distribution systems) and 

Standardized Tactical Entry Point sites, strategically located earth terminals providing a set of

pre-positioned services. Deployed Marine forces connect through the MAGTF Tactical Data

Network (TDN) ashore with reachback capability to the Global Information Grid (GIG). When 

not deployed, units will maintain connectivity through the Navy-Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) for 

locations in the United States and through the Base Level Information Infrastructure for

locations outside the U.S. In all cases, terrestrial connectivity between the major tactical shore

components will be provided via the DoD network infrastructure. 

Transformational Network Concepts and Capabilities—Near- and Mid-Term (2005-

2015) 

In the future, the networking elements of the FORCEnet architecture will be positioned to make 

maximum use of the reach-back capabilities of the Transformational Communications

Architecture (TCA) space-based network system, Teleports, and the significantly enhanced 

terrestrial network infrastructure being implemented under the GIG-Bandwidth Expansion (GIG65 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

BE) initiative. The GIG-BE will be a cornerstone of the transport infrastructure, enabling

worldwide operations by connecting key intelligence, command and operational locations. The

TCA will provide advanced wideband satellite communications with very high capacity,

protected and unprotected radio frequency and laser communications. The goal of TCA is, to

the extent practical, to remove bandwidth as a constraint to military operations. 

Teleports are an essential component of the reach-back architecture, providing connectivity to

the DoD long-haul infrastructure for deployed/mobile users and providing the capability to 

automatically pass user information from a channel operating on one frequency band to a

channel operating on another frequency band (cross-banding) that enhances communications 

interoperability. 

Naval forces have unique mobility requirements that limit access to available network capacity,

despite rapid technology advancements. The FORCEnet communications and network 

architecture includes alternative communications paths for essential networks to provide the 

required operational throughput to the warfighters. The centerpiece is the global secure,

interoperable family of afloat and ashore IP networks. Allied and coalition networks will be 

included within this federation through connectivity provided via various gateways and guards,

both afloat and ashore. Non-IP Tactical Data Link networks will be included in the federation 

through the creation of a gateway. Critical warfighting information, such as track data, will be

able to flow seamlessly between the IP network infrastructure and the tactical links. 

The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) will be the primary means of Line-of-Sight (LOS) radio 

communications for mobile forces. It will replace virtually the entire current inventory of tactical 

radios and, UHF satellite communications terminals. The JTRS Wideband Networking

Waveform is an example of a key transformational capability that will enable distributed

applications services and advanced agent-based computing. 

The network-centric environment will enable agile command and control through the use of

adaptive, flexible, responsive, self-networking/self-healing networking capabilities that are

secure, web enabled, mobile, adhoc, and wireless. The MAGTF TDN expeditionary network will 

be the deployed tactical portion of the Marine Corps enterprise-wide network and will 

incorporate future joint capabilities through the Transformational Communication System (TCS) 

and the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS). 

These systems will substantially augment and eventually replace current satellite 

communications (SATCOM) capabilities and enable a netted force via embedded SATCOM 

terminals. TCS and MUOS, along with the JTRS, will form the transport layer for all FORCEnet 

network communications and will be interoperable with the Army’s Future Combat

System/Warrior Information Network-Tactical (FCS/WIN-T) as well as the Air Force’s C2 

Constellation. It also provides those network components that will enable FORCEnet to

become a reality. As OEF and OIF reinforced, our C4 systems must be mobile, scalable,

modular, and able to support joint and combined operations. Our systems must also facilitate

the movement of information and situational awareness across the force – down to the 

individual rifleman, sailor, pilot, or mechanic – and provide a capabilities-based network to 

support EMW. As enablers, FORCEnet and the Marine Corps’ TDN will support joint and

multinational operations, strategic agility, operational reach, tactical flexibility, and sustainment 

of deployed forces. 

The RF network must be highly reliable and sufficient to satisfy high data rate information users,

as well as the requirements for lower bandwidth of power-constrained forces ashore. Reliable

66 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

network access can only be obtained currently when platforms are within line of sight of one

another, or are within line-of-sight of a common relay or routing node, such as a satellite. A 

tactical, high altitude airborne relay is a potential means of providing area coverage and range

extension for platforms or forces that are obscured or operating beyond line-of-sight from one 

another. ONR is developing an Airborne Communications Payload that can provide high

bandwidth relay and routing of tactical link signals originated by sensor platforms or forward 

communications platforms. Such efforts, if properly coordinated, can produce a significant,

affordable capability for the naval forces. 

Information assurance and network protection initiatives will provide defense-in-depth

capabilities that maintain effective command and control by negating or turning to friendly

advantage an adversary’s efforts to deny netted information to friendly forces or an adversary’s

efforts to corrupt, degrade or destroy the friendly command and control network. Sources of 

intentional network attack will be intercepted, identified, rapidly localized, and ultimately 

overcome. To this end, the Office of Naval Research is sponsoring the Knowledge Superiority 

and Assurance Future Naval Capability (FNC) program to focus on issues of connectivity, 

knowledge superiority and information assurance for distributed naval forces in both the RF and

non-RF spectrum. 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Tactical Data Network

Joint Tactical Radio System

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$1.1M $6.7M $58.0M $35.6M $0.8M

$192.3M $237.6M $237M $212.4M $207M

MUOS

$814.6M $737.2M $622.3M $665.4M $562.2M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Tactical Data Network

Joint Tactical Radio System

Initial Operat itial Operating Capability ing Capability (IOC) Full Operat ull Operating Capability ing Capability (FOC)

$1.1M $6.7M $58.0M $35.6M $0.8M

$192.3M $237.6M $237M $212.4M $207M

MUOS

$814.6M $737.2M $622.3M $665.4M $562.2M

Figure 35: Programs Supporting Transformation of FORCEnet Networks 

Transformational Network Concepts and Capabilities—Long-Term (Beyond 2015) 

The process for developing policy guidance and standards that determine the evolution of the

FORCEnet communications and networking architecture will include on-going reviews of 

commercial and military efforts in protocol development as well as assessments of evolving

military communications and data sharing requirements. This will include standards of the DoD 

Joint Technical Architecture and the Internet Engineering Task Force, an open international

community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the

evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet, and protocol 

feature lists of major information technology vendors. 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

The following support from other Services and Agencies will be required to enable delivery of 

the transformational capability in the network portion of FORCEnet: 

• Establishment of joint protocols and standards, and adherence to those standards by all

Services and defense agencies that provide GIG components, which will directly or 

indirectly interface with FORCEnet. 

67 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Network Metrics 

Progress toward a transformational capability in FORCEnet networks will be measured in terms 

of the achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate 

appendix. 

Planned Sea Trial Activities 

Over the next several years, the Navy will be conducting a number of concept studies, field 

experiments, and operational prototyping of key technologies and systems to support the 

development of the FORCEnet network capabilities discussed in the previous sections. 

The following specific Sea Trial events from the 2004 Exercise plan will support the

development of transformational capabilities in Networks: 

• Spiral 3a LTE 1 (Multiple Security Levels) July 03-January 04 in Newport and Norfolk.

• Sea Viking 04 Advanced Warfighting Experiment. Preliminary Activities December 03-

October 04. AWE October 04. 

• JTFEX 04-01. Spiral 2 January 04 in Norfolk. 

• Silent Hammer LOE #1. June 04. C3F AOR. July 04 in Southern California. 

• Predictive Analysis Wargame. March 04 in Newport. 

• FORCEnet ASW Integration LOE (NUW Distributed Lab-Based event). April 04. 

• Trident Warrior 04. Preliminary events October 03-May 04. LOE July 04.

• Extensible Tactical C4I Framework (XTCF) Prototype LTE. September 04 in San Diego 

and Newport. 

• Fleet Battle Experiment Lima. C3F. November 04. C3F AOR. 

2. Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) 

Key Elements of Transformational Capabilities in ISR:

The evolving U.S. defense strategy rests on a foundation of transformed intelligence 

capabilities. Recent operations including OEF and OIF have confirmed that ISR capabilities will

increasingly act as a critical determinant of and catalyst for mission success. Today, ISR 

provides the linchpin for exploiting our nation’s competitive advantages and protecting our 

vulnerabilities. Future contributions of transformed naval ISR must be understood in terms of 

strategic direction regarding the role of the naval Services in joint and combined warfighting. 

Ensuring U.S. naval forces remain the nation’s pre-eminent first responders requires 

implementation of a strategy for transition from unit- and platform-defined ISR assets to 

platform-independent, widely-distributed, vertically/horizontally integrated and tightly-networked 

ISR capabilities. Enabled by FORCEnet, transformed naval ISR will dramatically improve the 

speed and effectiveness of operations -- expanding the range of options available to the

commander and ensuring decision superiority across the range of military operations. 

ISR transformation encompasses redesigned sensor and processor capabilities, redefined

operational concepts, processes, organizational relationships and culture, as well as personnel 

training, skills, and performance standards. Naval ISR capabilities and operations are being 

68 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

reengineered for alignment with joint warfighting concepts, including the JOCs, Joint ISR 

Operational Concept/Architecture (ISR JOC/JOA), and the JFCOM joint transformation roadmap 

and Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) construct. The dynamics of

network-centric operations will translate into redefined standards and metrics for the operational

contribution of ISR to an expanded set of military missions. 

Definition and Scope of ISR and Naval ISR Operations 

Transformed naval ISR will constitute an integrated set of functions and activities that lie at the 

intersection of today’s operations and intelligence domains. Implicit in the roadmap is a new

operational concept for naval ISR that addresses capability objectives associated with the 2010-

2019 timeframe. Naval ISR operations will be optimized for joint warfighting and for 

implementation of joint transformational constructs such as Standing Joint Force Headquarters 

(SJFHQ) and will be merged across today’s operations-intelligence boundaries. Naval ISR 

capabilities will be balanced between organic assets – emphasizing those required for immature

theaters of operation – and networked infrastructure required to leverage allied/coalition,

national, theater and other Service ISR assets, data and services and to integrate seamlessly 

with the theater ISR architecture. 

Naval ISR operations rely on end-to-end integration of national, theater and Service 

sensors/collectors, communications segments, and processes that directly support tactical naval 

operations. ISR capabilities will be viewed as a holistic enterprise integral to Navy’s ability to 

effectively conduct network-centric operations in support of enduring and emerging naval and 

joint missions. This vision for transformational ISR capabilities provides a frame of reference for 

measuring progress against specific capability objectives. 

Naval ISR Transformation Strategy and Roadmap – Near to Long-Term 

Naval ISR capabilities will transition from today’s disparate, redundant, legacy, stove-piped 

systems to an open architecture with commonality across platforms and afloat/ashore/airborne

environments, and integrated across DON and DoD. Dynamics of the “information age” 

reinforce the need to reengineer the architecture. Increasingly, ISR data will be extracted from 

the battlespace and distributed and posted for processing and use in a continuous rather than

cyclical or episodic manner. Increasing network data rates and multiplying indirect nodal 

connections already result in large quantities of raw ISR data posted for ubiquitous access, but 

absent traditional source context and meta-data regarding accuracy, certainty, source pedigree

and track record. Information management requirements alone dictate transformation of today's 

capacity to deal with the deluge of data that must be ingested, categorized, processed,

exploited, analyzed and fused to arrive at knowledge about events occurring in the battlespace

and their underlying causes. Naval ISR will be reengineered to better balance the “load” on the

network between the processing and analytical power resident afloat and the capability

available in shore-based and reach-back nodes. 

69 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

14

• Expand Sphere for

ISR Penetration &

Persistence

• Complete Integration

of Sensors/ Collectors

• Field Upgrades to

Joint BM Tools

• Field Optimum Mix of

Land/Sea-Based

Airborne ISR 

• Nav al ISR Strategy

• Nav al ISR Architecture

• Employ/Refine Current

ISR Capabilities/CONOPS

• Field Critical Mods

• Divest Legacy Systems

• Posture for FORCEnet

Near-Term ISR Initiatives

Mid-Term Transition to

Integrated Families of ISR

Capabilities

Far-term Implementation of

Advanced Penetrating & 

Persistent ISR Capabilities

2003 ~2006 ~2010 2019

• Build Integrated Family

of Systems (DCGS)

• Field Dynamic ISR Battle 

Management Capability

• Evolve Unmanned ISR

• Synchronize/Converge

ISR W ith Other Serv ices

• Realign ISR Manpower

“We must transform our intelligence

capabilities and build new ones to

keep pace with the nature of these

(emerging) threats” 

. . . President George W. Bush, 2002

Figure 36: Naval ISR Strategy and Transformation Roadmap 

Figure 36 charts the Navy and Marine Corps plan for identifying, developing and implementing

naval ISR capabilities necessary for executing joint operational concepts in the future 

environment. The strategy is shaped by architecture principles and strategic vectors derived 

from DoD, DON and CNO guidance and from assessment of ISR capability requirements versus

resources. 

• Network integrated collectors, sensors, processors, data and intelligence;

• Sea-based, long-dwell, penetrating sensors with mission-reconfigurable capability; 

• Real-time vertical/horizontal integration of collectors and sensors, processing, data; 

• Seamless, on demand interoperation with naval, theater, national ISR architectures; 

• Platform-centric to network-centric – platform-independent and autonomous sensors;

• All nodes configured for continuous sensing, reporting and net distributed processing; 

• Emphasis on ISR capabilities required to prepare and shape the forward battlespace;

• Expert real-time leveraging of national, theater, other Service ISR assets/resources; 

• Improved integration of reach-back capabilities, including ONI FIST and Maritime

Security Centers (MSCs), into tactical ISR operations; 

• Integrated dynamic, adaptive Battle Management (BM) of ISR assets and resources;

• Human footprint reduced where automated ISR processes best serve operational 

requirements, and automated support where human cognition is better suited. 

These vectors channel the action plan for the ISR components of the FORCEnet architecture. 

Specified requirements, actions and focus areas articulate how the program of record must be

enhanced, evolved, migrated, and, in some cases, divested to meet ISR capability objectives. 

ISR transformation will be attained through application of penetrating and persistent unmanned, 

autonomous and stealthy sensors and through employing pervasive, expeditionary sensing 

capabilities of off-board and platform organic systems. ONR’s FNC process is developing 

technologies to greatly reduce the need for human intervention in multiple classes of naval 

unmanned vehicles. These technologies will provide organic unmanned systems that can be 

70 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

dynamically re-tasked to perform reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, target

designation, tactical oceanography and battle damage assessment. This capability will extend

the reach of current platforms into high threat, contested shallow-water littorals. Technologies 

will also be developed under the FNCs that enable the cooperation of multiple heterogeneous 

unmanned vehicles through networked autonomy. More effective ISR-to-shooter connectivity 

and enhanced processing power will be required to exploit the dramatic increase in information

collected by these systems to support high volume precision naval fires from the next 

generation of sea-based strike aircraft, from ships and submarines. 

ISR Platform Nodes Naval ISR capabilities will be significantly increased by the next 

generation of multi-mission maritime aircraft (MMA) and Aerila Common Sensor (ACS) as well 

as naval Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with mission-reconfigurable advanced sensors as

well as continued development and fielding of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), a family of

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) adapted for

littoral reconnaissance. The deployment of families of Navy and Marine Corps UAVs, equipped 

with various sensors and networked via the Tactical Control System, will play a critical role in 

extending the reach, coverage, and persistence of the naval ISR systems across the full range 

of the intelligence spectrum. Acquiring and fielding an optimum mix of airborne ISR capability 

packages suited to the future operational environment will be a major focus area. This will entail

careful balancing of inventory and capability requirements between land-based and sea-based, 

manned and unmanned, autonomous and controlled, stealthy and protected platform options. 

In other domains, naval Special Operations Forces will increasingly be relied upon for real-time

reconnaissance and surveillance, and SSGNs and VIRGINIA class SSNs will provide critical 

close-in stealth ISR capabilities. 

ISR Sensor Nodes In the distributed services framework of FORCEnet, every sensor in

theater becomes an ISR asset; from traditional ISR sensor packages to Special Forces laser 

designators and the Joint Strike Fighter sensor suite. Every sensor will be netted and

configured for efficient and adaptive front-end processing, data tagging and smart reporting of 

ISR data. Sensors will be increasingly implemented as off-board, platform-independent, and

autonomous capabilities. Network integration of sensors will be designed to accomplish crosscueing, cooperative sensing and, where feasible and prudent, automated target recognition or

classification. ISR will include state of the art radio frequency and cyber exploitation capabilities

and other sensitive sources of information that contribute to an advantage in battlespace

awareness and targeting. Critical enablers of integrated sensor capabilities include 

communications relay services, ad hoc wireless network technologies, and innovative means to 

“exfiltrate” ISR data from unattended sensors and special collection programs. Pervasive

application of meta-data tagging standards and protocols will also be required. Functionally, the

introduction of FORCEnet enabled dynamic ISR asset battle management capability coupled

with extensive vertical and horizontal integration of ISR will rapidly erode distinctions between 

collection management and sensor management. 

ISR Processor Nodes Naval tactical ISR data will be fused with that from broader national,

theater and joint intelligence activities within the Distributed Common Ground/Surface System 

(DCGS), the Marine Air-Ground Intelligence System (MAGIS), and the Joint Fires Network

(JFN) sub-component. Coupled with skilled ISR operators and TTP appropriate to networked, 

distributed ISR functions, this fusion will vastly improve the accuracy and speed of actionable

intelligence. DCGS describes the family of systems (FOS) that each Service is developing to 

provide networked ISR support to all warfare areas. DCGS specifically entails migration to

multi-intelligence, common, interoperable, open systems ground station architecture. DoD 

DCGS consists of service unique tactical ISR systems supported by defense agency ISR 

71 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

elements, creating a FOS functioning as a highly responsive interoperable collaborative ISR 

enterprise providing assured, actionable information and knowledge. Navy and Marine Corps 

DCGS must meet DoD-mandated standards for open-architecture, web-based interoperability to

include as many applications and components common to all Services as practical. In this 

regard, Navy and Marine Corps DCGS will be implemented as the core component of 

FORCEnet ISR capability and will be the ISR backbone supporting the full spectrum of naval

and joint warfighting mission areas. Navy and Marine Corps DCGS will receive, process and

manage data derived from all intelligence disciplines and all sensor data types. SIGINT

components of Navy DCGS will be available via the network from the Ships Signals Exploitation 

Equipment (SSEE) program and other infrastructure supporting collection “remoting” and 

distributed national to tactical exploitation. DCGS encompasses not only multiple systems, but 

also the personnel, processes, and training required to operate the systems and provide 

intelligence analysis in support of operational decision-making. 

The Marine Corps Air Ground Intelligence System (MAGIS) network provides the capability to

collect, process, analyze, fuse, and disseminate information derived from all USMC organic 

intelligence disciplines (imagery intelligence, signals intelligence and human source intelligence)

and some theater as well as national systems. A subset of MAGIS is identified as Distributed

Common Ground Systems– Marine Corps (DCGS-MC). This emerging architecture meets the 

requirements of a threshold as outlined in Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD (I)) 

DCGS Draft Capstone Requirements Document. The current DCGS-MC includes Intelligence 

Analysis System (IAS), Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System Common Ground Station

(JSTARS-CGS), Technical Control and Analysis Center (TCAC) and Tactical Exploitation Group

(TEG). MAGIS connects intelligence professionals to multi-discipline joint, national and organic 

data sources, analytic assessments, and collection assets, supporting MAGTF commanders

with the all-source, fused intelligence necessary to make informed decisions rapidly across the

dynamic, chaotic and complex battlespace.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

SURSS

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$11.3M $13.1M $1.5M $1.5M $1.5M

MRUUV

$42M $45. $39M $37M $57M

Tactical Control Station

$9M $9M $9M $10M $10M

DCGS-MC

$14.6M $11.8M $7.1M $12.2M $9.4M

Tactical UGV

$0.2M $2.8M $5.0M $4.9M $2.7M

TBD

DCGS-N

$57M $76M $78M $64M $65M

VTUAV

$0M $0M $0M $180M $270M

Broad Area Maritim e Surveillance UAV

$218M $241M $377M $689M $788M

J-UCAS

$112M $41M $5M $290M $484M

AESA Radar

$91M $69M $37M $33M $30M

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

SURSS

Initial Operating Capability (IOC) Full Operating Capability (FOC)

$11.3M $13.1M $1.5M $1.5M $1.5M

MRUUV

$42M $45. $39M $37M $57M

Tactical Control Station

$9M $9M $9M $10M $10M

DCGS-MC

$14.6M $11.8M $7.1M $12.2M $9.4M

Tactical UGV

$0.2M $2.8M $5.0M $4.9M $2.7M

TBD

DCGS-N

$57M $76M $78M $64M $65M

VTUAV

$0M $0M $0M $180M $270M

Broad Area Maritim e Surveillance UAV

$218M $241M $377M $689M $788M

J-UCAS

$112M $41M $5M $290M $484M

AESA Radar

$91M $69M $37M $33M $30M

Figure 37: Programs Supporting Transformation of FORCEnet ISR

72 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

The following support from other Services and agencies will be required to enable attainment of

transformational ISR capabilities. 

• Extend collaboration on identification and implementation of common DCGS multiintelligence applications and services, where practical, across all the Services, 

• Collaborate in definition, development and implementation of a Common Intelligence 

Picture (CIP) capability supported by real-time, two-way replication of General Military 

Intelligence, targeting, and foundation data sets;

• Modify policies to allow implementation Multi-Level Security services in all network 

domains enabling full interoperability and ISR data exchange capability with allies,

coalition partners, and non-DoD agencies and organizations; 

• Expand partnership with Army in development and fielding of the Aerial Common

Sensor (ACS) asset to meet maritime ISR capability requirements; 

• Expand partnership with Air Force in Joint UCAS program for development and fielding

of unmanned combat aircraft that meet maritime requirements for persistent

surveillance and penetrating reconnaissance; 

• Partner with Army to ensure naval capability to leverage advanced unattended ground 

sensors (UGS), unmanned ground surveillance vehicles, and associated sensor data

sets; 

• Facilitate on demand access to joint and other Service communications relay 

(Adaptive Joint C4ISR [Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, 

Surveillance, Reconnaissance] Node [AJCN], Roll-On Beyond Line-of-Sight

Enhancement [ROBE], etc.) and ad hoc mobile wireless network capabilities as one

means to achieve horizontal integration of sensors and transport of sensor data to

processors and users; 

• Collaborate on common path to integration of the Transformational Communications 

Architecture with tactical communications supporting network-centric ISR functions 

and processes; 

• Expand partnership with USCG in defining requirements, architecture, and systems 

infrastructure facilitating ISR support to maritime security components of Home Land 

Security/Home Land Defense missions and Maritime Domain Awareness; 

• Expand partnership with the DoD space community to ensure naval ISR requirements 

are factored in to system capabilities and CONOPS from the outset. 

• Expand partnership with the National Security Space community to ensure naval ISR 

requirements are factored into system capabilities and CONOPS from the outset, and

ensure that naval requirements are protected during the system development and

acquisition process. 

Metrics for Transformed Naval ISR operations 

Progress toward a transformational capability in ISR will be measured in terms of the value of

the ISR contribution to network-centric operations. Metrics appropriate to network-centric and

effects-based ISR operations are being evolved. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a 

separate appendix. 

73 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Planned Sea Trial Activities 

Over the next several years, the Navy - Marine Corps Team will conduct a number of concept 

studies, demonstrations, laboratory and field experiments, and operational prototyping of key 

technologies and systems to support transformation of ISR capabilities. In many cases, ISR 

capabilities will be delivered in spirals via innovative Sea Trial (USN) and Sea Viking (USMC) 

events. Related activities will include: 

• Embedding and evaluating ISR CONOPS, TTPs and systems functionality in

FORCEnet Limited Objective Experiments and Initial Prototype Demonstrations; 

• Participating in joint and multi-Service battle lab and field experiments focused on

evaluation and evolution or spiral delivery of advanced ISR capabilities; 

• Targeting and leveraging of selected joint experiments and exercises for examination 

of ISR architecture, CONOPS, TTPs, advanced sensors, and systems; 

• Leveraging selected joint experiments and exercises for examination of ISR asset 

battle management/optimization capabilities, automated processing tools, and

collaborative environments; 

• Exploiting ongoing experimentation focused on JFMCC CONOPS and TTPs to refine 

ISR functions, activities, and capabilities supporting the JFMCC; 

• Investigating Air Force DGS-X model for evaluating ISR systems and applications 

from the perspective of transformation and compliance with architecture standards; 

• Developing and demonstrating tactical UAV capabilities in the Fire Scout 

demonstration; 

• Examining maritime long-dwell UAV requirements/capabilities via Global Hawk 

Maritime Demonstration and Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) program; 

• Examining CVW-integrated, ship-launched and recovered ISR capability leading to

development of the joint unmanned combat air system (J-UCAS); 

• Examining surface ISR requirements and capabilities via SPARTAN USV integration 

in experiments and exercises; 

• Leveraging Autonomous Operations Future Naval Capability (FNC) research with

UUVs in experiments and demonstrations; 

• Continuing examination of Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities (TENCAP) 

initiatives in experiments and demonstrations; 

• Leveraging work of NWDC’s Warfare Innovation Development Teams (WIDTs) and

the CNO’s Strategic Studies Group (SSG) to drive Sea Trial experimentation; 

3. Common Operational and Tactical Pictures (COTP)

Key System Elements of Common Operational and Tactical Pictures 

Another key to network centric warfare operations, increased speed of command, and selfsynchronization in force execution is the widely shared awareness provided by networked 

dissemination of the common operational and tactical pictures (COTP). The COTP will be

underpinned by an accurate, time-tagged, geo-spatially referenced database of operational and 

tactical information, available via an IP-based network to all users, with individualized

presentations tailored to the needs of specific users. 

A key aspect of the Department of the Navy’s challenge is developing the information backplane

that enables delivery of the right information to the right users in the right format at the right 

time. Transformational information management technologies and processes will be developed 

74 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

to ease the burden of dealing with unprecedented volumes of data and information. With

improved ability to collect and disseminate information, commanders will require the capability

to assess information that is generated at lower levels without being overwhelmed, impeding 

decisions or slowing operational cycles. 

The naval solution is a natural extension of the planned joint command and control operational 

vision. The elements of FORCEnet will employ a common set of core Network Centric 

Enterprise Services (NCES) that will be used throughout DoD. This approach will allow mission 

application solutions to be developed by Communities of Interest (COIs) such as those 

providing timely fires directly supporting maneuver forces, the cross-cueing of ISR collection,

the mounting of time-sensitive attacks, and executing focused, time-definite delivery logistics. 

All of these COIs are addressing a common problem and share common needs. Figure 38 

depicts this future network architecture that will support the creation, continuous updating, and

wide sharing of the common operational and tactical pictures. The core services noted are

being developed by the Defense Information Service Agency and will not be duplicated within 

the FORCEnet architecture; rather, they will be used and leveraged by the naval COIs.

Figure 38: Examples of Alignment and Consolidation of Programs to Common Joint Baselines 

A common set of collaboration, coordination and direction business rules (doctrine) will be

employed to ensure each node (platform) can exchange information as needed. The

collaboration, coordination and direction tool set will enable the deployed force to connect to

“reach-back cells” that provide direct support to the deployed command element. These reachback cells not only will provide direct support, but also will have the ability to connect into the 

DoD’s subject matter expertise at each of the services laboratories, warfare centers and 

doctrine organizations. 

75 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Common Operational and Tactical Pictures Transformational Concepts and

Capabilities—Near and Mid Term (2005-2015) 

The information technologies required to meet FORCEnet COTP goals will be diverse. The 

technologies/functions required to meet future needs for dynamic and adaptable forces of

distributed, diverse platforms and sensors to support wide area battlespace awareness and

focused targeting, includes multi-sensor data fusion from both organic and non-organic sources, 

platform and sensor management, distributed processing, and information visualization and

decision support. 

Technical capabilities in each of these areas exist to some degree today but not in a form that 

allows rapid information generation and assured interoperability with any appropriate user, in 

any desired command structure. It is envisioned that technical capabilities and systems in these 

areas will have to evolve considerably, in combination with new TTPs, CONOPS, doctrine, and 

organizations to achieve FORCEnet goals. 

In the mid-term, legacy systems that feed or provide the COTP and interim Blue Force Tracking 

capability will be integrated selectively through evolving standards. The GIG Enterprise

Services (GES) is a transformational initiative to replace the current Global Command and

Control System mission applications with a web-services architecture for information support to

users throughout the DoD. GES consists of a set of Network-Centric Enterprise Services 

(NCES), which provide core services commonly used across the DoD enterprise, and common

applications that are designed around COIs. The core services to be provided will include:

messaging, directory, discovery, mediation, collaboration, security, storage, application, user 

assistant, and enterprise systems management services. Additionally, GES will provide the 

means to conduct adaptive mission planning and rehearsal (AMP&R) allowing sea based forces 

to conduct joint training, rapidly plan joint operations, and adapt the plan to changing situations,

all based on the common picture developed by persistent ISR. AMP&R will be a critical 

capability at the strategic, operational and tactical levels of operations. GES will change the 

way warfighters receive and process information, as well as the business processes associated 

with many of the individual functions performed. Users will be able to rapidly leverage COI data 

producers and prompt their release of real-time data to a global data repository for use by 

decision makers. 

Specific new and continuing developments being pursued by each of the services, the Defense 

Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and industry will be leveraged to address the

technical areas listed above. The capabilities achievable in the 2015 time period are data fusion

automation, platform/sensor planning, distributed processing, multi-level security, and integrated

information visualization. 

Delivering actionable knowledge to the operator, from commanders down through junior Sailors 

and Marines, requires modifications to the existing paradigm of viewing systems and operators 

as different entities. Systems and operators must now be viewed as interdependent design 

parameters when building capabilities. Human Factors Engineering, Cognitive Sciences and

Intelligent Agent-based applications are key parts of this effort to enable delivery of the right

information to the right users in the right format at the right time – actionable knowledge.

Knowledge Management also requires transformational shifts in the training environment in

order for operators to understand and exploit the coming knowledge superiority from FORCEnet

enabled network-centric operations.

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Other capabilities that will be required to enable the COTP implementation outlined in this 

section include a defined information infrastructure, an integrated laboratory environment like 

the FORCEnet Composable Environment, leveraging existing facilities and incorporating recent

advances in modeling and simulation, and the use of spiral development processes to move

incremental technical capabilities from the laboratory to the fleet through Sea Trial. 

COTP Transformational Concepts and Capabilities—Long-Term (Beyond-2015) 

Future demands for maintaining situational awareness will require increasing degrees of

automation to monitor large numbers of sensors and maintain large numbers of diverse targets 

over the battlespace. Advances in information technology will enable increasingly sophisticated

automation tools for dynamically planning and executing operations. At the same time, the 

accelerating pace and complexity of military operations make such tools ever more necessary. 

Future COTP development will build on a studied understanding of the appropriate use of

technology and automation to co-evolve the technology with the CONOPS and TTPs to provide

the greatest possible enhancements in automated performance, suited to human needs and 

training. This iterative process will likely require the continuing evolution and upgrade of the

information framework, an upgraded integrated laboratory environment and continuing use of

spiral development processes to move incremental technical capabilities from the laboratory to 

the fleet. 

Support from other Services and Agencies 

The following support from other Services and Agencies will be required to enable delivery of

the transformational synergies embodied by the COTP: 

• Definition and adherence to Joint standards for assets feeding data into or using the 

COTP, including common data formats and standards for establishing trusted networks 

using multi-level security

• Active coordination with JFCOM, the defense agencies and the Services on

development of systems and architecture components to ensure their compatibility and

the timely resolution of issues 

COTP Metrics 

Progress toward a transformational capability in COTP will be measured in terms of the

achievement of capabilities. Mission area capability metrics are listed in a separate appendix. 

Planned Sea Trial Activities 

Over the next several years, the Navy will be conducting a number of concept studies, field 

experiments, and operational prototyping of key technologies and systems to support the 

development of the COTP. The following specific Sea Trial events from the 2004 Exercise plan

will support the development of transformational capabilities with respect to development of the

Common Operational and Tactical Pictures: 

• Sea Viking 04 Advanced Warfighting Experiment. Preliminary Activities December 03-

October 04. AWE October 04. 

• Spiral 3b LTE 2 (Agent-Based Computing). November 03-May 04 in Norfolk. 

77 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

• JFMCC Wargame November 03 in Newport. 

• Terminal Fury 04. December 03 in Commander, 7th Fleet (C7F) AOR. 

• Spiral 2 JTFEX 04-01. January 04 in Norfolk. 

• Silent Hammer LOE #1. June 04 in the C3F AOR. 

• Trident Warrior 04. October 03-July 04. Wargame July 04. 

• Joint Combat ID and Evaluation Team Exercise (JCIET). May 04 at Joint National 

Integration Center (JNIC) Colorado Springs. 

• FORCEnet ASW Integration LOE (NUWC-Distributed Lab-Base Event). April 04. 

• JTFEX 04-2. June 04. 

• XTCF Prototype LTE. September 04. San Diego and Newport. 

• Fleet Battle Experiment Lima. CPX September-October 04. Exercise November 04 in

the C3F AOR. 

FORCEnet Processes to Achieve Success 

The highly dynamic nature of information technology highlights the importance of strong and 

flexible processes for ensuring that key FORCEnet objectives are met, including choices of 

technologies and approaches that best fulfill evolving Joint warfighting requirements, and are 

consistent with Joint architectures and standards. The FORCEnet construct must also comply 

with the respective interface requirements for each of the joint C4ISR programs (e.g., JTRS,

Deployable Joint Command and Control [DJC2], MUOS, SIAP, SIGP, Single Integrated

Maritime Picture [SIMP]) with which information is to be exchanged. The following section 

outlines some of the proven processes followed by FORCEnet to successfully accomplish its 

transformational goals. 

Joint Service Integration FORCEnet represents a transformational shift from platformcentric operations to global, distributed, combat operations using the family of fully networked,

composable systems available to the operational commander. 

The processes and organizational structures for implementing FORCEnet are designed to 

ensure that it plays an integral role across the range of Joint warfighting architectures. Working

with the Air Force Command and Control and Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance 

Center, the Army Training and Doctrine Command, the Naval Education and Training Center,

the National Reconnaissance Office, the DoD Executive Agent for Space and the services’ lead

SYSCOMs (Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, Marine Corps Systems Command,

Air Force Electronic Systems Command, Army Communications Electronics Command), this 

joint integration effort will ensure the Secretary of Defense’s direction to organize train and 

equip as a joint force rather than as individual services is carried out. 

With continuous integration among the major efforts indicated above, the service-specific 

initiatives will adopt and migrate towards the joint solution space represented by dominant

architectural constructs like the GIG and the TCA and augmented by the best available service

proposals selected from the service-specific initiatives. Only essential service unique 

applications will remain in the domain of the service-specific architecture. This notional 

transformational migration strategy will contain potential for spiral or block development of

various service initiatives as they migrate towards the joint solution. 

The FORCEnet Operational Advisory Group (OAG) will lead an integrated requirements process 

designed to provide a fleet-validated catalog of naval operational needs that FORCEnet must

enable across Sea Shield, Sea Strike, and Sea Base. The process will produce a User Needs 

78 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Catalog that will be used in concept development, innovation, experimentation, architectural

development, assessments, development of investment and acquisition strategies and the

integration efforts with joint services and agencies, bringing Fleet and MAGTF commander

needs to the forefront of operational requirements discussions. 

Co-development of CONOPS, TTPs, and available technology solutions covering the full 

spectrum of Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities 

(DOTMLPF) alternatives will be achieved through the innovation and experimentation

continuum elaborated in a Concept Development and Experimentation Campaign Plan. The

Trident Warrior series of Sea Trial, in conjunction with the Sea Viking series from the Marine 

Corps, are focal points for FORCEnet innovation, using operational concepts-based

experimentation for evaluating new FORCEnet requirements and viable technologies.

Additionally, a deliberate leave behind strategy for transition of these viable technologies to

fielded status will feed into the disciplined speed to capability acquisition strategies described 

below. 

The Office of Naval Research (ONR), in partnership with DARPA, Industry, Space and Naval

Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) and other SYSCOMs and select technology venture 

capital opportunities through the Naval Venture Initiative Technology Exploitation, has

developed a Science and Technology (S&T) Roadmap of viable, relevant technologies for 

FORCEnet. The innovation continuum will demand acquisition domain agility in formalizing 

deliberate leave behind of capabilities, including transition of selected S&T opportunities from

this roadmap, and execution year modifications to programs of record to initiate spiral

development of critical technology capabilities without having to wait two years for Program 

Object Memorandum (POM) submissions to take effect. 

This transformational acquisition agility must still exert deliberate influence on existing POM and 

acquisition processes to improve speed to capability while recognizing and addressing

DOTMLPF implications. The FORCEnet Chief Engineer, SPAWAR and other Naval SYSCOMs, 

the Program Executive Officers and the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research,

Development and Acquisition) (ASN(RDA)) Chief Engineer, are establishing the processes and 

policies to formalize this acquisition agility in improving disciplined speed to capability for 

FORCEnet. 

Architecture and Standards The FORCEnet Integrated Architecture will be fully integrated 

with the DoD network and communications architectures and also fully compliant with the DoD 

IT Standards. It will serve as the guideposts for shaping the development and preplanned 

product improvement migration towards delivering FORCEnet capabilities. 

The architecture and standards will be used for assessments in developing Navy and Marine

Corps investment strategies and for FORCEnet certification and compliance of programs during

acquisition and prior to fielding. The integrated architecture will also be the vehicle for 

FORCEnet integration with joint service and agency initiatives. The C4ISR and Combat

Systems communities’ convergence on functional module development and allocations, design

guidance that decouples software development from hardware development and a standardized

computing environment will facilitate FORCEnet implementation. 

Open Architecture The FORCEnet Open Architecture development effort is a cornerstone in

the foundation of FORCEnet enabling capabilities. The C4ISR and Combat Systems 

communities’ convergence on functional module development and allocations, design guidance 

that decouples software development from hardware development and a standardized 

79 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

computing environment that will satisfy a range of quality of service demands up to and 

including essentially real-time deterministic operations, provide the kernel of technical capability 

to implement global distributed combat system’s services. 

The national military strategy calls for the services to operate as a fully interoperable and

integrated joint force. The Navy and Marine Corps will leverage theater, national and organic 

assets to ensure there are sufficient resources available to execute missions assigned by the

Regional Combatant Commander. FORCEnet is more than just better communications, higher 

capacity networks and better applications for interfacing with these joint and agency assets.

FORCEnet is the transformational enabling infrastructure to conduct global distributed combat 

operations. 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

IV. TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES 

The Navy - Marine Corps Team (active, reserve and civilians) is an effective fighting force that 

has consistently capitalized on technological and operational innovations. Capabilities we have

developed across our history, including carrier aviation, amphibious warfare, vertical

envelopment, underway replenishment, nuclear power, the Marine Air-Ground Task Force, and 

Aegis integrated air defenses are examples of a rich intellectual heritage. By achieving greater 

commonality, we strengthen the foundation for future integrated naval operations, and set the

scene for increased Joint integration among all Services. 

Major changes to culture are long-term endeavors, and achieving fully integrated naval 

operations may require a full generation. Organizational changes that reduce unnecessary 

redundancies can increase efficiency and optimize the allocation of resources while providing a 

more potent fighting force. Combining units with complementary capabilities that have 

overlapping missions and functions will enhance the overall capability set while streamlining 

overhead. Therefore, the first significant steps in the way ahead will be those philosophical, 

conceptual, doctrinal and organizational actions that will lead to greater integration. The initial 

Naval Transformation Roadmap and the Naval Operational Concept for Joint Operations are

significant accomplishments toward this integration. 

81 

Information Age

Industrial Age

old War 

Bi-polar 

Globalization 

Multipolar

C

Sailors and Marines are integral to effecting transformation. Historically, both the Navy and

Marine Corps embody the culture that will be at the heart of the future naval force. However,

the environment in which our people—Sailors, Marines, civilians, and contactors—must operate 

has changed significantly since the All-Volunteer Force military was established thirty years ago,

when the world was in the grips of the Cold War with its bi-polar orientation: the West versus 

the Soviet-Warsaw Pact. In contrast, since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the world became 

multipolar, dominated and 

characterized by globalization.

Today, threats to safety and

security come from multiple 

directions, often in diffused and 

difficult to predict ways. As the 

geopolitical ground shifts in ways

not before imagined, so have the

means to produce military,

political, and economic

opportunities for those who are

agile and entrepreneurial. As a

result, in the Global War on

Terrorism, our military forces are 

conducting more operations to

more different places than

anytime in the past thirty years.

Along with this shift towards 

globalization, the world now 

does business in profoundly changed ways, moving from the Industrial Age to the Information

Age. Information technology and business processes have evolved to faster and more accurate

products at lower costs. People are adapting to these changes in the workforce, changing

careers and jobs more frequently, learning to operate in a knowledge-centric environment, 

expecting higher responsiveness from management, and significantly increasing productivity.

Naval personnel are likewise acquiring the technology and the skills to succeed in this new

environment, and the abundance and accessibility of information is enhancing the performance 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

of our warfighters and those who support them. Whether conducting precision maneuver on the

battlefield, locating and identifying fast moving threats, or managing global sustainment assets, 

naval personnel are expected to be experts in the Information Age. To support their efforts, 

naval personnel management systems need to be agile, flexible, integrated, cost efficient and

effective. Sea Power 21 and the Sea Warrior initiative, and Marine Corps Strategy 21, provide

the framework for supporting these transformational efforts. Transforming to an integrated

naval force requires institutionalizing fundamental changes, including more effective integration 

with and utilization of our reserve forces, while remaining true to our warrior cultures.

Historically, both Services have produced committed, dedicated, and professional warfighters.

The Navy will continue to do this through implementation of Sea Warrior, which reflects its

commitment to the continued growth and development of its people. The Marine Corps will

continue to make Marines through a rigorous process that focuses on building cohesion while

preparing Marines for the physical and psychological challenges of battle.

A. People and Culture 

1. Sea Warrior 

Sea Warrior is the human resource component of the Navy’s Sea Power 21 transformational 

effort. The purpose of Sea Warrior is to maximize human capital, placing optimally trained 

Sailors in jobs that best suit their talents, skills, abilities and desires. The ultimate objective is to

minimize a Sailor’s time-to-competence, leading to a marked improvement in Fleet operational 

readiness. 

Realizing the need to accomplish a broader, more complex mission in the future, Navy

leadership recognizes the need to develop a single integrated business process that places 

Sailors in the right jobs, in the right location, at the right time, thereby maximizing Fleet

readiness. This will have to be done with a smaller force that is better trained, educated, and

motivated to perform critical tasks to meet 21st century mission requirements. 

The development of Sea Warrior initiatives is focused on accelerated capturing of requirements, 

rapid development of new prototype processes, and conducting timely, and effective pilot 

programs in the Fleet to validate new approaches. Further refinement of new Sea Warrior 

processes will occur in an iterative, spiral-development-fashion, taking full advantage of 

feedback from the Fleet. 

The Sea Warrior program reflects the understanding that the integration of training and

education at appropriate levels of the professional development for Sailors and Marines creates 

a shared experience that facilitates improved understanding, communication and coordination

between the Services. Successful integrated training and education programs, such as the 

Naval Justice School, Expeditionary Warfare Training Groups Atlantic and Pacific, Amphibious 

Ready Group (ARG)/MEU(SOC) workups, and initial naval aviation flight training, increase both 

warfighting effectiveness and training efficiency. As the integration process in logistics, C2, 

mission planning and naval fires/tactical aircraft within the naval Services mature, Sea Warrior 

will work toward a single, common system of training and education. 

As the Navy defines and builds the Information Operations (IO) Career Force, Sea Warrior will 

be a crucial part of the development and implementation. The IO Career Force will be 

composed of Specialists in each of the five Information Operations core areas as well as 

Information Operations Planners who are experienced in all facets of this warfare area. It will

include Officers, Sailors and civilians from many communities within the Navy with the goal of

82 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

developing a technically competent and professionally competitive IO Career Force. As we

identify the skill requirements and billets necessary to mature Information Operations in the 

naval force, Sea Warrior will assist in developing training for warfighting strategies and technical 

capabilities for current and future fleet operations while dynamically managing our personnel 

throughout their professional careers. 

The 18 October 2001 Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Subject: National Security Space 

Management and Organization specifically tasked the Secretaries of the Military Departments to

promulgate guidance on the development and maintenance of a cadre of space-qualified

professionals comprised of military and civilian personnel in sufficient quantities to represent

their Military Department’s interests in space requirements, acquisition, and operations. This

guidance would also ensure each Service generates a sufficient number of appropriately 

qualified personnel to man joint space organizations as well as function as space experts within

Service organizations. In response to this and subsequent additional guidance, the Navy has

appointed a Naval Space Cadre Advisor, identified an initial group of space cadre officers and is 

working toward identification of enlisted, civilian and reserve cadre members. The Naval Space

Cadre is defined as a distinct body of expertise horizontally integrated within the Navy and

Marine Corps active duty, reserve, and civilian employee communities. 

As part of this process, the professional education curricula of the Naval War College and 

Marine Corps University will be more closely aligned to teach common elements of our 

warfighting philosophy. Navy and Marine Corps officers will be given increased opportunities to 

attend each other’s service school. Training on equipment operated by both Services will be 

evaluated as candidates for integration, including F/A-18 maintenance training, Joint Force Air 

Component Commander (JFACC) staff and Theater Battle Management Core System training, 

and network operations and information technology training. The Naval Postgraduate School

and the Naval War College will continue to increase their curriculum coordination and

integration. Follow-on Sea Warrior analyses will explore other areas where additional 

integration opportunities are appropriate. Where full integration is not applicable, Sea Warrior 

will seek to use training and education venues to help build elements of the common warfighting

philosophy, conceptual understanding, and integrated operational culture. 

Sea Warrior will also incorporate cutting-edge technology into the naval personnel system. The 

Capable Manpower FNC is enabling a revolution in personnel management, training, and 

human-systems integration. The FNC programs are developing technologies to match Sailors’ 

knowledge, abilities, aptitudes and preferences with their fleet assignments. Through this series

of initiatives, Sea Warrior is working to ensure the abilities of individual Sailors and Marines are 

used most effectively in support of the naval contribution to the joint warfighting capability.

Advances in training and simulation technologies will drive a complete overhaul in naval 

training. For example, Virtual At Sea Training (VAST) is a family of transformational training 

technologies that exploit advances in Modeling and Simulation to give combat units the ability to 

employ live or constructive fire against simulated targets in synthetic geo-specific terrain. This 

capability will allow realistic, deployable mission training at any time or place. 

Sea Warrior will integrate all component human resource core processes including career 

planning, personnel distribution, mission performance (Fleet) readiness and a Sailor- and

Marine-centric acquisition system. Sea Warrior will bundle all of these core processes into a

web-based, information-rich environment. 

Development of the four components of Sea Warrior cited above will be integrated and 

synchronized across several organizational boundaries. A project management business 

83 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

process is in place to provide the necessary integration and synchronization by controlling the

scope, facilitating progress, managing resources, and adjusting priorities. Sea Warrior is being

executed in a coordinated fashion, with full realization that it must ultimately be fully integrated 

with the Defense Integrated Military Human Resources System (DIMHRS), which will eventually 

become the authoritative human resource system for the Department of Defense (DoD).

Accordingly, Sea Warrior is being pursued in close coordination with DIMHRS development. By 

keeping DIMHRS requirements at the forefront, Sea Warrior will ensure the compatibility of its 

core processes with DIMHRS for eventual incorporation within that broader initiative. 

Some of the biggest challenges for Sea Warrior involve identifying funding requirements and 

collaborating and communicating across various DoD/DON organizations involved in the various 

activities. Accordingly, the Navy’s Sea Warrior leadership is in the process of establishing a 

framework for obtaining a funding line, beginning in Fiscal Year 2006, and institutionalizing a

long-term organization structure to manage this complex program. 

It is also critical that our Sea Warrior manpower requirements reflect a well reasoned mix of

Total Force Manpower (active, reserve, civilian, contractor) so that we not only deliver 

readiness, but also do so in the most economic manner. Moreover, manpower represents both

an essential investment and an opportunity cost as well. By measures such as the replacement

of non-military essential uniformed manpower in our infrastructure with civilians or contractors 

we can help make available the funds that will be necessary to enable transformation. 

Overall, Sea Warrior is using a Sailor-centric, mission-focused process to achieve a responsive 

human resource system. Sea Warrior will empower the fleet and individual sailors, and will 

foster an ongoing, responsive, two-way, customer-driven human resource system. In short, Sea

Warrior will empower naval personnel to play their critical role as enablers of military 

transformation. 

2. Making Marines and MAGTFs

The Marine Corps continues to view transformation as founded on four broad and

interdependent pillars. First, operational changes, first expressed as concepts, will alter the 

means by which the operating forces project power and influence. Second, leap-ahead 

technology will create new opportunities for warriors of tomorrow. Third, the Marine Corps 

changes in business and acquisition processes generate the most efficient investment of the 

nations resources, while enabling the rapid development of effective capabilities in a timeframe 

that gives us a competitive advantage. Finally, these opportunities can be created and

exploited only by agile organizations, ready to adapt our institution to maximize the potential of

both Marines and their units. Changes across each of these pillars depend upon our most 

fundamental transformation: the creation of innovative Marines eager to continually adapt, and

fully prepared to pursue, embrace, and exploit further transformational changes to our concepts,

capabilities, people, and organizations. 

Making Marines: To a large extent, our cultural capacity for rapid reorganization stems 

from developing creative and adaptive leaders who can function in ambiguous and uncertain 

environments, and make timely and effective decisions under stressful conditions. Today’s

force is an all-recruited force, comprised of some of the best and brightest young Americans. 

The manner in which Marines are recruited, trained, developed, and managed is an essential 

aspect of the Corps’ organizational and institutional transformation. Most importantly, the

development of Corps of decision makers, each eager to exploit the chaos of the battlefield,

provides us with a sustained asymmetric advantage over future adversaries. 

84 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Our training and education continuum begins with a true transformation that takes young

Americans and molds them into quality citizens and Marines capable of winning our nation’s

battles. The Corps continues to “Make Marines” through a constant effort across an individual’s 

career. These programs are fundamentally focused on developing comprehensively educated,

mentally astute, and physically tough Marines, ready to succeed in chaotic combat 

environments. The warrior ethos is instilled in individual Marines by rigorous and challenging

training that transforms them into intelligent and disciplined warriors, and mirrors the Marine

Corps’ own institutional transformation in equipment, doctrine, and structure. As they move

along the continuum, Marines increasingly focus on collective and unit-level skills, with an

emphasis on their role as part of a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF). Transformational 

advances to MAGTF, naval, and joint capabilities depends upon the skill, creativity, and vision 

of these Marines and our joint partners, and must be enabled by an organization systemically 

ready to adapt to new demands and exploit new opportunities. 

OPLANS Joint Requirements OSD Initiatives

Training and Education Pvt/2ndLt SgtMaj/Gen

EMW & Strategy 21 Core Competencies

Doctrine

Non- MOS Specific Training

Ent Professional Military Education Entry Lev Le el

Trn Tr g

Unit Training

Skill Progression Training

MAGT

Fer

y

Warfighting

E

xpeditionary

Naval 

Figure 39: USMC Training and Education Continuum 

Making MAGTFs: Recognizing and expeditiously adjusting organizational arrangements to 

take full advantage of the adoption of new operational concepts, new technologies, and 

acquisition reform, the Marine Corps must be prepared to reorganize its structure while

remaining true to a combat-proven heritage. Getting the Right Marine to the Right Place at the

Right Time, with the Right Skills and Right Quality of Life remains the overriding driver of the 

Marine Corps Human Resources Development Process (HRDP). The Marine Corps continually 

strives to transform its HRDP by leveraging technology and innovating processes to achieve

efficiencies. Managed by the Deputy Commandant for Manpower and Reserve Affairs (DC 

M&RA), as the executive agent for the HRDP, the Marine Corps intends to promote Human

Resource transformation through a number of initiatives, including reengineering our methods 

for manpower planning and administration. They also include a number of efforts to exploit the

85 
Naval Transformation Roadmap 

potential of a truly Total Force that encompasses our Reserve Marines, our Civilian Marines, 

and our Former Marines. 

Prime examples of our organizational agility can be seen in the creation and rapid tasking of the

4th MEB (Anti-Terrorism) and in the Logistics Enterprise Integration effort. In order to provide

Regional Combatant Commanders with unique, proactive capabilities that help them defend 

against unconventional threats and reduce their vulnerability to terrorist actions, the Marine 

Corps quickly reorganized a number of smaller units into a cohesive, capable force. With only a 

minimal increase in force structure, the Marine Corps relied on the adaptive, decentralized

organization of its warfighting units to create, with little impact on the operating forces, and

deploy a new capability in support of OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM. Similarly the 

Logistics Enterprise Integration initiative focuses on removing redundant layers of maintenance

and supply support and streamlining logistics processes, providing a more responsive and 

effective combat support capability. 

The inherent flexibility of the Marine Air Ground Task Force is also largely due to the integral 

support, organization and training of the Marine Corps Reserve. The mirrored structure and

training of Reserve and Active forces provide commanders with additional flexibility in planning 

and task organizing for a wide range of military operations. Where certain skill sets are found

only in Reserve units, such as the Civil Affairs Groups, the Marine Corps is working to generate 

opportunities to associate these units with units of the Active component in order to develop

working relationships between Active and Reserve components maximizing the diverse often 

civilian-acquired expertise that will enhance military capabilities. Other examples of the 

constant adjustments to our warfighting capabilities include: 

• 

• 

Marine Corps Special Operations Integration: In coordination with USSOCOM and

their Executive Agent, Naval Special Warfare Command, the Marine Corps has developed a

plan for an integrated 80-90 man Marine detachment to USSOCOM. This detachment has 

been designed as an initial “proof of concept”, and will serve as the foundation for future 

contributions. The detachment is organized, trained and equipped to conduct special 

reconnaissance, direct action, coalition support, foreign internal defense and other missions 

as directed. The detachment was formally stood-up on 20 June 03. Presently the

detachment has begun training at Camp Pendleton California. The detachment will transfer

to the operational control of USSOCOM during October 2003, and deploy in April 2004 as

augmentation to a Naval Special Warfare Squadron supporting both USPACOM and 

USCENTCOM. 

Information Operations (IO) and Space Professional Military Operational 

Specialties (MOSs): The Marine Corps is actively developing policy and doctrine in order

to institutionalize IO, and is establishing MOSs for both IO and Space Operations, in order to

identify officers with particular training and experience, identify key billets requiring this

expertise, and support both the Operating Forces and Supporting Establishment with trained 

and knowledgeable staff officers. This work will be pivotal in the success of the Marine 

Corps' ability to recruit, train, assign, promote and retain the two specialties within IO: 

planners and specialists. In a supporting effort, the Marine Corps is developing a tactical,

front-end PSYOP dissemination capability. This capability will be forward deployed and

responsive to MAGTF operations, while integrating and supporting the larger capability 

provided by USSOCOM. The Marine Corps road ahead will focus on integrating PSYOP 

training into all levels of the MAGTF while leveraging all available theater PSYOP assets to

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support our operating forces. The desired end state is MAGTFs capable of planning,

executing, coordinating, and synchronizing IO as part of an overall Joint Force campaign. 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Reserve Mobilization – Activation of Marine Reserve units is an essential element of all 

major operational plans. With structure, training and equipment that mirror the Active

Component, these units provide ready, relevant forces that augment and reinforce the

capability of the Marine Air Ground Task Force. In regard to contingency operations when

certain specific skills are required that may not necessarily be found in the active

component, the development of the Marine Corps Mobilization Processing System

(MCMPS) will allow for the identification of a Marine with that skill, follow-on contact and 

activation. 

Reach-back capabilities, such as the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity’s support to the

warfighting requirements during the Global War on Terrorism, provide the MAGTF 

commander with significant additional capability without an increase in deployed personnel,

facilities, or other infrastructure. 

Marine Tiltrotor Test and Evaluation Squadron 22 (VMX-22): VMX-22 will conduct

operational test and evaluation for the V-22 Osprey, serving as a center of excellence for 

tiltrotor technology and ensuring that the Defense Department moves forward with the

continued development of the V-22. 

USMC Joint and MAGTF Training Requirements: Efforts underway to extend our

current Joint Air/Land maneuver space in order to replicate modern and future Joint battle

spaces include Joint Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) and Joint Close Air 

Support (JCAS). These allow the coordination of deep close and rear battles and support 

the extended ranges of modern and future Joint/MAGTF weapons systems. This, in turn, 

will enhance our capability to conduct both live fire and force-on-force training. The Marine 

Corps is also embarking upon virtual scenario simulation with digital links to other training

centers and continuous constructive feedback and After-Action Review (AAR) capabilities. 

Marine Combat Instructor Military Operational Specialty: To reaffirm our 

fundamental belief that “every Marine is a Rifleman”, regardless of individual MOS, the 

Marine Combat Instructor MOS has been created and designated as a Special Duty 

Assignment. This initiative will provide the highest quality instruction to our Marines, both

during Marine Combat Training at the School of Infantry and across the Corps, while

providing critical stability to an essential training resource.

B. Naval Support to Joint Concept Development and Experimentation 

The Navy and Marine Corps are carefully harmonizing naval Concept Development and 

Experimentation (CD&E) activities in support of the Joint Concept Development and

Experimentation Campaign plan under development. This campaign aims to collaboratively 

develop concepts that, through vigorous debate, refinement, and experimentation in realistic 

joint warfare scenarios can be translated into warfighting capabilities that strengthen the

effectiveness of Regional Combatant Commanders in the field. Perhaps more important than

fostering the creation of new concepts, the campaign serves as a mechanism to synchronize

the efforts of combatant commanders, Services, and interagency partners as we collectively

develop concepts and plan experiments in the course of transforming the military. 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

The partnership between the Navy Warfare Development Command and the Marine Corps 

Combat Development Command is an outstanding example of how collaborative efforts 

between the Services can yield products that contribute to future integrated operations. This 

collaboration will be expanded to include regular coordination on a broad spectrum of additional

activities. 

As concepts are developed, the emerging doctrine, procedures, organizations and technology

must be evaluated through a coherent and aggressive experimentation process. To achieve

this coherency, the Navy and Marine Corps will closely coordinate the Navy’s Sea Trial process 

and the Marine Corps’ experimentation process. This process must tap into the creativity of all 

our Sailors and Marines and engender a culture in which the testing of new ideas is 

encouraged, even if they fail. 

The Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities (CETO) helps prevent operational and 

tactical surprise to senior warfighting commanders by assessing the future security environment 

in light of emerging threats and potential conceptual and technical opportunities. The center 

aims to serve as a catalyst to stimulate thought and debate on issues of importance to the 

Marine Corps, and also responds to requests for support from the senior warfighting 

commanders. 

Sea Trial. Sea Trial is the Navy’s recently created process for formulating and testing

innovative operational concepts, most of which harness advanced technologies and are often

combined with new organizational configurations, in pursuit of dramatic improvements in

warfighting effectiveness. Sea Trial concept development and experimentation (CD&E) is being 

conducted in close coordination with, the Marine Corps combat/force development process and 

reflects a sustained commitment to innovation. These efforts tie warfare innovation to the core

operational challenges facing the future joint force. The Navy is conducting this CD&E 

campaign in a joint context, closely coordinating with and leveraging the similar efforts of Joint

Forces Command (JFCOM), the other Services, and the Combatant Commanders. 

Sea Trial is designed to convert innovative concepts and breakthrough technologies, validated 

and refined by means of experimentation, into changes in doctrine, organization, training, 

material, leadership development, personnel and facilities (DOTMLPF) that are rapidly 

introduced into the fleet. It relies upon an experimentation process in which the fleet

participates as a major partner, bringing added operational experience and realism to

experiments and fostering increased personal commitment to vigorous force transformation

among line personnel, who are direct participants in the process. Wargaming and other 

analytical efforts allows investigation of “virtual capabilities and threats” to ensure our 

transformation addresses a mid- and far-term possibilities. 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

 

Develop Sea

Trial Events

Integrate

Sea Trial Events

ACTDs

JCDE

FNCs

Tac D&E

Title X Games

Sea Trial 

Campaign

Plan

Execute

Sea Trial

Experiments

Experiment

Analysis

Operational

Assessment

Sea Trial ESG

NOC

Iterative

Experimentation

& Development

Prioritized

Naval

Capabilities

N3/N5

Naval

Strategy

DOTMLPF CFFC

Fast Track

N70 MCPs

DoN

Transformation

Roadmap

Figure 40: The Sea Trial Process 

Commander, Fleet Forces Command (CFFC) is the lead agent for Sea Trial with responsibility

for overseeing CD&E activities with regard to Sea Strike, Sea Shield, Sea Base, and 

FORCEnet. As the lead agent, CFFC has developed and is executing a comprehensive Sea 

Trial Campaign Plan to rapidly mature new concepts, technologies and doctrine. This campaign

plan focuses on increasing warfighting effectiveness to meet the near-, mid- and long-term 

warfighting challenges associated with the new joint operational, operating, and functional 

concepts. 

Sea Trial experiments investigate, develop and compare solutions to the challenges and

opportunities faced by the Navy derived from a rigorous analysis of current and potential future

operational capabilities, shortfalls and opportunities. The core of this campaign will be a series 

of experiments that will test the validity of concepts and compare the effectiveness of alternative 

ways of implementing these concepts in the fleet. 

Data, analytic findings, assessments and operational prototypes emerging from these

experiments as well as lessons learned from real-world operations will feed into the Navy’s 

requirements and acquisition process, shape Navy science and technology initiatives and 

guidance, and drive changes in doctrine, tactics, and procedures. Ultimately, a refined and

experimentally proven set of innovations will be passed to the Naval Capabilities Development 

Process (NCDP) for implementation via the Navy’s Planning, Programming, Budgeting and 

Execution System, as well as its acquisition efforts and training programs. 

A large number of Navy commands already involved in the CD&E process are responsible to

CFFC for the execution of the Sea Trial campaign plan. Under Sea Trial these commands take

on greater responsibilities delineated by CFFC. The Commander, Navy Warfare Development 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

Command (CNWDC) is the project coordinator for Sea Trial. A flag level Sea Trial Executive

Steering Group (STESG), chaired by CFFC, provides oversight of the Sea Trial process.

Membership of the STESG includes: 

• Commander, Fleet Forces Command(CFFC– dual hatted as COMLANTFLT) 

• Commander, Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT) 

• Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe (COMUSNAVEUR)

• Deputy CNO for Warfare Requirements and Programs (OPNAV N6/N7)

• Chief of Naval Research (CNR) 

• Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command (CNWDC) 

• Commanding General of the Marine Corps Combat Development Command, (CG 

MCCDC) 

• Commander, Second Fleet (COMSECONDFLT) 

• Commander, Third Fleet (COMTHIRDFLT) 

• Commander, Naval Net Warfare Command (NETWARCOM) 

Operational Marine Corps commanders, as designated by CG MCCDC, will participate and

address naval issues as appropriate. COMSECONDFLT, partnered with COMFIFTHFLT and

COMSIXTHFLT, are acting as the operational agents for CD&E activities with regard to Sea

Shield, Sea Strike, and Sea Base. COMTHIRDFLT, partnered with COMSEVENTHFLT, act as

the Sea Trial operational agent for Sea Shield. In addition, COMTHIRDFLT is coordinating

activities of the Sea- Based Battle Lab (SBBL) aboard USS CORONADO and the Network 

Centric Innovation Center (NCIC) to support the Sea Trial Campaign Plan. 

COMNAVNETWARCOM is the Sea Trial operational agent for FORCEnet. Flag-level

representatives of the system commands (SYSCOMs) and Commander, Operational Test and 

Evaluation Force (COMOPTEVFOR) participate as non-voting advisors for matters relating to 

Research and Development (R&D) and Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E). The STESG 

meets quarterly to review Sea Trial operational assessments, approve the overall Sea Trial 

Campaign Plan, resolve issues of resources and priorities, and make recommendations to

CFFC on the viability of emergent concepts, technologies and doctrine. 

Sea Trial Pillar groups have been established by each of the operational agents to coordinate 

CD&E activities for Sea Strike, Sea Shield, Sea Base and FORCEnet. The Sea Trial Pillar

groups provide the direction in their respective areas for the development and implementation of

an iterative experimentation process that brings necessary operational capability to the Fleet

and Fleet Marine Force. Sea Trial efforts are fully coordinated within each core competency as 

well as across the four Pillars. In support of their coordination efforts, Sea Trial Pillar groups 

establish an interface with related processes and/or commands, as appropriate. Each Sea Trial 

Pillar group member is responsible for fully coordinating Sea Trial efforts within their parent 

command to ensure synergy with other related processes. These groups include

representatives from CFFC, NWDC (CD&E coordination), OPNAV sponsors, ONR, lead

SYSCOMs, MCCDC, and numbered fleet staffs. Each Pillar group oversees activities to 

develop operational concepts, plan and schedule Sea Trial events, and review and process 

assessments of CD&E efforts. 

CFFC has formed collaborative teams to leverage fleet expertise in each of the mission

capability areas, such as USW, Ship-to-Objective Maneuver (STOM), Integrated Joint Logistics,

ISR. These collaborative teams parallel the mission capability package (MCP) organizations

established by OPNAV N70 to ensure that alignment is maintained between Sea Trial activities 

and the NCDP. Collaborative teams will be extensively used to develop a comprehensive 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

concept development and experimentation (CD&E) plan. This plan will incorporate lessons

learned from operations and exercises, create new CONOPS and doctrine, and coordinate

related Navy efforts in Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrations (ACTDs), FNCs, S&T 

and Tactical Development and Experimentation. This collaboration among fleet and consulting

commands will fully leverage the intellectual capital of Warfare Centers of Excellence

(WCOEs), NWDC, ONR, type commanders (TYCOMs), and SYSCOMs.

In addition to the Sea Trial activities listed in support of each mission capability, naval forces will 

partner with JFCOM and other services in the following FY-04 Joint Concept Development & 

Experimentation (JCDE) events: 

• Joint Anti-Access Wargame (UNIFIED COURSE 04) 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Decision Superiority Wargame 

Joint Major Combat Operations (MCO) Wargame (UNIFIED QUEST 04) 

Joint Coherent Effects Wargame (GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT VII) 

Seabasing and Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare in a Joint Context (Sea Viking 04) 

Sea Viking. Sea Viking 04 (SV 04) is the Marine Corps Concept Development and

Experimentation Campaign plan that will assess future Marine Corps and naval capabilities in a 

joint forcible entry context. SV 04 will examine future MEB capability sets operating as part of

the JFMCC conducting joint forcible entry operations from a sea base. SV 04 consists of two 

mutually supporting pathways designed to help inform decisions and strategies for achieving

2015 transformational goals. 

The prototype pathway will explore the force organizations, equipment, and existing

technologies that will impact our warfighting capabilities in the near- and mid-term, and 

directly supports a similar pathway in the JCDE Campaign plan. If experimentation 

demonstrates that the capabilities supported by systems within the program of record 

can be further augmented and expanded within DOTMLPF.

A conceptual pathway co-sponsored by JFCOM will be a modeling and simulation event 

designed to assess future MEB capability sets in a joint forcible entry context. This 

pathway will examine naval and joint command relationships and interfaces, future MEB 

capability sets, and Joint capability sets for forcible entry. Results from this experiment 

will assist in future CONOPS development and experimentation efforts. 

SV04 will involve all facets of Marine Corps concept development and experimentation, 

including the Marine Corps Combat Development Command, the Marine Corps Warfighting

Laboratory, the Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities, and naval operational forces. 

The endstate of SV04 is a better understanding of MAGTF contributions to the future Joint

force, a clearer definition of Marine Expeditionary Brigade capabilities, clarification of future 

naval C2 relationships, and a requisite determination of the capabilities required to achieve seabased Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare. 

C. Science and Technology

Technology, when integrated with new operational concepts and organizational constructs, is a

critical element of transformation for the fleet. Leveraging technology is the key to both force

modernization and transformation to preserve the decisive U.S. advantage across the range of 

military operations. 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is charged with scientific research and technology 

development for both the Navy and Marine Corps and is the sponsor for all naval technology 

programs. 

The Future Naval Capabilities (FNC) program, which concentrates resources on key technology 

programs addressing top priority naval needs is one of the most concrete steps ONR has taken 

to increase the transition of technology to naval operating forces. The FNC program is

designed to facilitate technology transition to the Fleet, and to incorporate SYSCOM and Fleet

“ownership” in the FNC process and its many associated individual technology projects. The 

key to the FNC process is the FNC Integrated Product Team (IPT) structure, which places 

senior OPNAV/Headquarters USMC, acquisition, Fleet, and technical personnel in a position to

direct the technology activities addressing individual capability needs. 

Representing about one third of the naval S&T budget, the aggregate funding level of the FNCs 

is about $500M annually, divided among approximately 225 individual projects. Solid transition

plans are a requirement for the initiation of an individual FNC project, but the FNC program

allows flexibility for support of high-transformational-potential projects that may not have 

established firm transition plans as yet. An 80% - 20% split between transition /hightransformation-potential projects is a rule of thumb applied to FNC project structure. The 

highest level of authority for the FNC program is the S&T Corporate Board, consisting of

ASN(RDA), Vice Chief of Naval Operations (VCNO), and Assistant Commandant of the Marine

Corps (ACMC). This long-standing board is in place to assure top-level DoD and naval policy is 

reflected in the total naval technology program (6.1-6.3), including the FNC program. 

The Technology Oversight Group (TOG) provides oversight, integration and investment balance

functions across all FNCs to complement the leadership provided for each individual FNC by 

their respective IPTs,. The TOG was established in 2002 by the S&T Corporate Board, meets

several times a year, and is tasked with identifying cross-FNC issues and resolving these issues

by adjusting individual FNCs. 

The FNC process is tuned to identifying Transformational capabilities, and assuring their 

transition to the Fleet via the strict transition requirements associated with most FNC projects. 

As mentioned above, the FNC process has the flexibility of supporting high-transformational 

potential projects that may not have an established transition structure as yet. Additionally the

overall naval technology program is structured to identify technologies of high-transformationpotential within the overall Office of Naval Research technology program and moving promising 

high-transformation-potential projects into the FNC program as appropriate. 

The Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory (MCWL)’s purpose is to improve current and future 

naval expeditionary warfare capabilities across the spectrum of conflict for current and future

operating forces by conducting concept-based experimentation to develop and evaluate

tactics, techniques, procedures and technologies in order to enhance current and future

warfighting capabilities. Among other initiatives, MCWL partners with the operating forces by 

sponsoring Project Metropolis to develop the techniques, tactics, and procedures associated 

with tactical level urban operations, as well as those technological innovations that will facilitate 

those operations. Project Albert is being developed to support decision makers in meaningful 

ways through modeling, analysis, and new ways of combining them to include important 

phenomena inadequately represented by current techniques. MCWL helps represent Marine 

Corps-specific requirements within the FNC process, led by a Commanding General who also

serves as the Deputy Chief of Naval Research. 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

D. Sea Enterprise 

Among the critical challenges that we face today are finding and allocating the resources 

needed to transform the Navy – Marine Corps Team. We must replace Cold War-era systems

with significantly more capable sensors, networks, weapons, and platforms appropriate to the 

new security challenges and new American way of war, if we are to increase our ability to deter 

and defeat 21st Century foes. To extract the utmost from scarce resources, all aspects of the 

Department will be critically and continually examined to determine how we might reap

efficiencies across all headquarters, acquisition, research, and operating force and field support

activities. Sea Enterprise initiatives will drive the Department of the Navy’s transformation into a

21st Century Force that focuses on what truly matters – warfighting readiness and combat 

capability. 

Sea Enterprise is the flagship effort for freeing up additional resources to support military 

transformation initiatives through streamlining naval business processes. Involving the Navy 

Headquarters, the systems commands, and the Fleet, Sea Enterprise seeks to improve

organizational alignment, refine requirements, and reinvest savings to buy the platforms and 

systems needed to transform the naval contribution to the joint force. Drawing on lessons from

the business revolution, Sea Enterprise will reduce overhead, streamline processes, substitute 

technology for manpower, and create incentives for positive change. Legacy systems and 

platforms no longer integral to mission accomplishment will be retired, and we will make our 

Department’s business processes more efficient to achieve enhanced warfighting effectiveness 

in the most cost-effective manner. 

To accomplish Sea Enterprise, the Navy and Marine Corps have parallel but separate and 

coordinated efforts underway to deliver required resources for recapitalization. In March 2003,

the Navy stood up the Sea Enterprise Board of Directors, co-chaired by the VCNO and 

ASN(RDA) and comprised of key elements of the headquarters staff, major systems commands,

and the Fleet. The Sea Enterprise Board of Directors is focused on execution of existing 

initiatives programmed in the Navy's budget as well as identification of new savings 

opportunities to generate additional resources towards recapitalization. The USMC is an invited 

participant of the Board to address cross-service concerns and promote the sharing of ideas 

and best practices. 

 

In June 2003, the Marine Corps Requirements and Oversight Council (MROC) established the

Marine Corps Business Enterprise Office, headed by a Senior Executive Service (SES) civilian,

to coordinate implementation of better business practices across all three strategic business 

processes: providing installation support, acquisition, and logistic/combat service support.

Marine Corps leaders will incorporate performance measures into the Planning, Programming 

Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) process for installations, following on the successful 

realignment of over $300 million and 2,000 Marines from our bases to higher priorities. The

USMC Business Plan implements the Commandant’s direction to manage the Business 

Enterprise of the Marine Corps through application of better business practices and reflects our

commitment to exercise resource stewardship by aggressively seeking to maximize our

effectiveness and efficiency. 

Sea Enterprise involves identifying and spreading knowledge about best business practices so

that naval leaders can provide the greatest return on the taxpayer's investment. Accordingly, 

the Department is creating educational opportunities to teach its leaders about executive 

business management, finance, and information technology. For example, the Center for 

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Naval Transformation Roadmap 

94 

Executive Education at the Naval Postgraduate School brings together rising Flag Officers, SES 

members, senior enlisted, and private industry decision-makers to discuss emerging business 

practices. The Marine Corps Center for Business Excellence provides training and education in 

business process reengineering, Activity-Based Costing and Modeling, and business enterprise 

management. Sea Enterprise will extend this understanding from the classroom to the deck 

plates so that future naval leaders gain experience in a culture of productivity and effectiveness. 

Sea Enterprise is also pursuing operational efficiencies through enhanced inter-service 

integration. The Navy and Marine Corps tactical aviation integration plan, for example, will save 

billions of dollars across the Services, enhance interoperability, and more fully integrate the 

Navy - Marine Corps Team. Whether it is cooperation with the U.S. Coast Guard's Deepwater 

Integrated Systems Program, new munitions being developed with the U.S. Air Force, joint 

experiments with the U.S. Army on high-speed vessels, or a new, combined intelligence 

structure with the U.S. Marine Corps, Sea Enterprise will identify foster opportunities for and 

promote the sharing of technologies and systems whenever possible. Savings captured by Sea 

Enterprise will play a critical role in the Navy's transformation into a 21st-century force that 

delivers what truly matters: increased combat capability for the joint force. 

V. CONCLUSION 

The security environment of today and tomorrow will continue to be characterized by 

uncertainty, chaos, surprise, and conflict. The precise nature of conflicts to be prosecuted and 

the peacetime requirements for naval forces, will be broad in scope and difficult to predict, but 

will undoubtedly involve a wide range of actions to shape the global environment, to deter 

coercion and aggression, and to defeat determined, creative adversaries, who employ a variety 

of asymmetric means. Naval forces must exploit the power of networked information to seize 

the advantage over potential adversaries, and must be postured to sustain and advance a broad 

competitive advantage that readily over-matches any adversary. 

Naval force transformation will seek to take advantage of rapid advances in technology. 

However, the real increases in capability will come from co-evolving the introduction of these 

advanced technologies with the implementation of new operational concepts and concurrent 

changes in organizational arrangements that allow naval forces to carry out routine peacetime 

operations, crisis response actions, and, if required, wage war in innovative ways with both new 

and legacy systems. This Naval Transformation Roadmap describes the myriad efforts planned 

and underway to create the concepts, practices, and capabilities needed to field a flexible, agile, 

networked, sea-based power projection force, which will lead and participate in joint force 

operations throughout the world. 

Naval transformation is a continuous process, tailored by each naval service to its particular 

missions and culture, culminating in a set of complementary, total force capabilities in support of 

joint force capabilities. In addition to seizing the opportunity to achieve transformational 

capabilities today, the processes required to establish and maintain a culture of innovation must 

be encouraged, nurtured and rewarded. The naval services are embarked today on a wide 

range of initiatives to radically change organizational arrangements, adopt fundamentally 

different concepts for military operations, and alter existing operational concepts with the 

incorporation of advanced technologies to achieve profound increases in military capabilities. 

Agile and adaptive by nature, the Navy and Marine Corps are fostering the culture of innovation 

required to achieve transformational operational concepts and capabilities.