ref2014.d102413a 2011 2012 2013 2014

Report Annual Energy Outlook 2014

Scenario ref2014

Datekey d102413a

Release Date April 2014

47. Light-Duty Vehicle Energy Consumption by Technology Type and Fuel Type

(trillion Btu)

 Technology Type 2011 2012 2013 2014

Light-Duty Consumption by Technology Type

Conventional Vehicles 1/

 Gasoline ICE Vehicles 14465.79 14307.52 14126.00 13789.47

 TDI Diesel ICE 40.82 46.72 56.33 65.98

 Total Conventional 14506.62 14354.24 14182.33 13855.44

Alternative-Fuel Vehicles

 Ethanol-Flex Fuel ICE 822.51 929.17 1031.97 1115.60

 100 Mile Electric Vehicle 0.42 0.71 1.04 1.41

 200 Mile Electric Vehicle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Plug-in 10 Gasoline Hybrid 0.00 0.66 1.38 2.45

 Plug-in 40 Gasoline Hybrid 0.24 1.04 1.96 3.11

 Electric-Diesel Hybrid 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Electric-Gasoline Hybrid 98.09 113.05 127.43 139.43

 Natural Gas ICE 7.51 7.63 7.98 8.34

 Natural Gas Bi-fuel 13.98 14.33 14.82 15.14

 Propane ICE 10.13 9.86 10.17 10.66

 Propane Bi-fuel 39.31 37.96 38.11 38.32

 Fuel Cell Gasoline 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Fuel Cell Methanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Fuel Cell Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Total Alternative 992.18 1114.41 1234.86 1334.47

Total 15498.79 15468.65 15417.19 15189.91

Light-Duty Consumption by Fuel Type 1/

 Motor Gasoline 15423.49 15373.92 15307.02 15067.13

 Distillate Fuel Oil (diesel) 41.36 47.34 57.06 66.85

 M85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 E85 2.68 13.90 18.52 21.35

 Natural Gas 18.87 19.43 19.97 20.18

 Propane 28.46 29.37 29.16 28.31
 Electricity 0.59 1.23 1.95 2.84

 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 Btu = British thermal unit.

 ICE = Internal combustion engine.

 - - = Not applicable.

 Note: Includes estimated consumption for petroleum and other liquids. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, AEO2014 National Energy Modeling System run ref2014.d102413a.

 1/ Includes personal vehicles and fleet vehicles. Includes both cars and trucks.
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Reference case

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

13501.24 13306.89 13106.49 12873.02 12609.06 12348.58 12084.13 11809.55 11536.09

75.92 87.59 100.58 115.10 128.72 142.57 156.15 169.85 184.38

13577.15 13394.48 13207.08 12988.12 12737.78 12491.15 12240.28 11979.41 11720.47

1189.07 1260.98 1322.72 1373.84 1411.88 1438.66 1458.54 1473.81 1479.91

1.87 2.12 2.33 2.59 2.73 2.86 2.99 3.16 3.37

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

3.45 4.54 5.38 6.23 6.82 7.32 7.77 8.20 8.63

4.45 5.74 7.03 8.19 9.33 10.33 11.19 12.04 12.85

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.24 0.46

150.48 161.59 171.10 179.32 187.05 193.52 199.29 204.33 209.20

8.61 8.85 9.03 9.19 9.24 9.24 9.21 9.17 9.11

15.37 15.63 15.82 15.95 15.93 15.86 15.75 15.61 15.44

11.10 11.57 11.94 12.25 12.39 12.51 12.59 12.64 12.67

38.17 38.14 37.92 37.81 37.16 36.54 35.86 35.22 34.61

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.14 0.29 0.41 0.66 0.89 1.11 1.33 1.52 1.71

1422.71 1509.47 1583.70 1646.06 1693.46 1728.03 1754.63 1775.96 1787.95

14999.87 14903.95 14790.78 14634.17 14431.24 14219.18 13994.91 13755.37 13508.42

14871.68 14744.47 14576.93 14366.76 14108.52 13850.23 13567.08 13252.02 12963.45

76.95 88.79 102.00 116.75 130.59 144.66 158.47 172.49 187.43

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17.09 36.43 77.48 115.50 156.50 187.92 232.51 293.42 319.53

20.13 20.25 20.40 20.56 20.60 20.68 20.65 20.64 20.56

27.18 26.49 25.76 25.59 25.39 25.52 25.50 25.58 25.68
3.87 4.69 5.44 6.18 6.78 7.31 7.78 8.29 8.82

0.14 0.29 0.41 0.66 0.89 1.11 1.33 1.52 1.71

nts due to independent rounding.
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032

2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032

11264.13 10982.60 10730.43 10506.08 10312.96 10140.62 9988.47 9860.62 9754.11

199.62 214.64 229.27 243.26 256.52 268.79 280.19 290.84 300.76

11463.75 11197.23 10959.70 10749.34 10569.48 10409.41 10268.66 10151.46 10054.86

1477.19 1468.47 1459.21 1449.60 1441.79 1435.05 1429.69 1425.99 1422.52

3.62 3.92 4.36 4.86 5.48 6.19 6.99 7.88 8.79

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

9.09 9.88 10.69 11.52 12.34 13.11 13.82 14.57 15.35

13.66 14.62 15.73 17.09 18.66 20.33 21.99 23.76 25.58

0.75 1.14 1.62 2.16 2.76 3.37 4.00 4.63 5.26

213.96 219.04 224.67 231.07 238.15 245.62 253.39 261.49 269.77

9.02 8.89 8.79 8.70 8.63 8.57 8.50 8.45 8.42

15.23 14.97 14.74 14.54 14.36 14.19 14.04 13.90 13.80

12.66 12.63 12.61 12.79 12.80 12.80 12.82 12.84 12.88

33.94 33.26 32.66 32.16 31.78 31.44 31.08 30.80 30.59

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.91 2.11 2.29 2.48 2.66 2.83 2.99 3.15 3.30

1791.05 1788.94 1787.39 1786.99 1789.42 1793.54 1799.35 1807.53 1816.31

13254.80 12986.17 12747.09 12536.33 12358.90 12202.95 12068.01 11958.99 11871.18

12664.91 12351.67 12072.56 11824.74 11615.92 11434.41 11277.96 11152.42 11055.03

203.19 218.82 234.13 248.85 262.87 275.92 288.10 299.52 310.20

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

348.36 377.12 401.32 422.53 438.97 450.19 458.17 461.57 458.61

20.38 20.11 19.90 19.75 19.55 19.38 19.21 19.13 19.11

25.61 25.38 25.16 25.34 25.17 25.17 25.15 25.23 25.37
9.40 10.11 11.02 12.08 13.34 14.72 16.18 17.77 19.41

1.91 2.11 2.29 2.48 2.66 2.83 2.99 3.15 3.30
2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040

2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2012 - 2040

9664.95 9583.32 9515.07 9458.67 9414.83 9383.88 9360.09 9338.21 -1.5%

309.77 318.16 325.86 333.34 340.39 347.09 353.46 359.50 7.6%

9974.72 9901.48 9840.94 9792.01 9755.22 9730.97 9713.55 9697.71 -1.4%

1418.85 1414.80 1408.83 1403.13 1397.45 1392.28 1387.28 1381.96 1.4%

9.78 10.75 11.72 12.69 13.66 14.62 15.57 16.52 11.9%

0.07 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 48.4%

16.15 16.95 17.77 18.59 19.42 20.25 21.09 21.93 13.3%

27.38 29.11 30.70 32.22 33.64 34.97 36.21 37.34 13.6%

5.88 6.48 7.07 7.65 8.21 8.76 9.28 9.79 - -

278.02 286.07 293.88 301.45 308.83 316.04 323.00 329.56 3.9%

8.38 8.35 8.32 8.30 8.29 8.29 8.29 8.29 0.3%

13.71 13.62 13.54 13.47 13.42 13.38 13.34 13.31 -0.3%

12.93 12.98 13.04 13.11 13.20 13.30 13.43 13.57 1.1%

30.36 30.19 30.02 29.87 29.73 29.62 29.53 29.43 -0.9%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

3.44 3.57 3.70 3.82 3.94 4.07 4.19 4.32 - -

1824.95 1832.96 1838.70 1844.41 1849.92 1855.72 1861.36 1866.18 1.9%

11799.67 11734.44 11679.64 11636.42 11605.14 11586.69 11574.92 11563.89 -1.0%

10978.30 10908.48 10861.71 10831.62 10815.26 10814.82 10805.87 10799.47 -1.3%

319.96 329.07 337.47 345.64 353.36 360.72 367.72 374.35 7.7%

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

452.26 445.61 427.49 404.34 379.76 352.50 340.60 327.23 11.9%

19.05 19.04 18.97 18.93 18.97 19.01 19.07 19.13 -0.1%

25.47 25.82 25.89 26.12 26.41 26.71 27.19 27.71 -0.2%
21.12 22.79 24.41 26.00 27.56 29.08 30.56 31.99 12.4%

3.44 3.57 3.70 3.82 3.94 4.07 4.19 4.32 - -