Echinoderms from Middle 

and Upper Ordovician 

Rocks of Kentucky 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1066-K 

Prej)a red in cor>jwralzon ZI'Zlh the 

C'mnmonU't.'allh r!f Kcnluckv, 

( 'nizrcrsitv of Kentucky, . . . 

A.·cntucky Geofr~gical Sun 1t?\' 

Echinoderms from Middle 

and Upper Ordovician 

Rocks of Kentucky 

By RONALD L. PARSLEY 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORDOVICIAN PALEONTOLOGY OF 

KENTUCKY AND NEARBY STATES 

Edited by JOHN PO JET A, JR. 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1066-K 

Prepared in cooperation with the 

Commonwealth of Kentucky, 

University of Kentucky, 

Kentucky Geological Survey 

Descriptions and illustrations of 

nine species of Stylophora, 

Paracrinoidea, Inadunata, Cyclocystoidea, 

and Rhombifera 

U N I T E D S T A T E S G 0 V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G 0 F F I C E, W A S H I N G T 0 N : 1 9 8 1 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

JAMES G. WATT, SecTetary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Doyle G. Frederick, Acting Director 

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 81-607882 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract __ ____ __ ____ __ __ __ __ ____ ____ ____ __ ______ ____ ____ __ ____ ______ ____ ______ ____________ ________ ____ K1 

Introduction __ __ ____ __ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ __________ ____________ ____ ______ ______ ______ ________ ____ 1 

Acknowledgments_______________________________________________________________________________ 1 

Systematic paleontology----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Enoploura cf. E. punctata Bassler------------------------------------------------------------- 1 

A mecystis laevis (Raymond) ------------------------------------------------------------------- .2 

A mygdalocystites jlorealis Billings------------------------------------------------------------- 3 

Hybocrinus tumidus Billings------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 

Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby --------------------------------------------------------- 4 

Carabocrinus sp. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 

Cupulocrinus sp·. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 

Heterocrinus sp._________________________________________________________________________________ 4 

Cyclocystoides sp.________________________________________________________________________________ 5 

Occurrences-of disarticulated echinoderm plates identifiable only to a high taxonomic level__ 5 

Locality register ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 

References cited-------------------------------------~------------------------------------------------ 8 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATE 1. Specimens of Amecystis, Amygdalocystites, Cupulocrinus, Heterocrinus, Hybocrinus, 

Hybocystites, Carabocrinus, Enoploura, and Cyclocystoides. 

FIGURE 1. Ventral (anal) side of a partly reconstructed specimen of Amecystis laevis 

Page 

(Raymond)--------------------------------------------------------------------------- K3 

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT UNITS 

The investigations underlying this series of reports were made over a period of years, and distances and stratigraphic measurements 

appear fairly uniformly in English units. Measurements of fossil specimens, on the other hand, follow the long-standing convention of 

appearing in metric units. Because of the dates of the investigations and the amount of resulting data, the English measurements have been 

retained. Conversions to metric units may be made by using the following conversion table: 

To convert English unit: To metric unit: 

Mile (mi) Kilometer (km) 

Foot (ft) Meter (m) 

Inch (in.) Centimeter (em) 

Multiply by: 

1.61 

.305 

.394 

III 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORDOVICIAN PALEONTOLOGY OF KENTUCKY AND NEARBY STATES 

ECHINODERMS FROM MIDDLE AND UPPER ORDOVICIAN 

ROCKS OF KENTUCKY 

By RONALD L. PARSLEY1 

ABSTRACT 

The Middle and Upper Ordovician limestones of Kentucky, especially the Lexington Limestone, have yielded a diverse silicified 

echinoderm fauna, including: Stylophora-Enoploura cf. E. punctata; 

Paracrinoidea-A mygdalocystites; Crinoidea, Inadunata-Hybocrinus tumidus, Hybocystites problematicus, Carabocrinus sp., Cupulocrinus sp., Heterocrinus sp.; Cyclocystoidea-Cyclocystoides sp. 

A rhombiferan cystoid, Amecystis laevis, from the Edinburg Formation, Virginia, is also discussed. No new taxa are introduced. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Lexington Limestone and adjacent Middle to 

Upper Ordovician formations of Kentucky have yielded 

a rich and varied silicified fauna. Most of the echinoderm material has come from the Curdsville Limestone 

Member of the lowermost part of the Lexington Limestone, although some is from stratigraphically higher 

Middle and Upper Ordovician formations. Echinoderm 

specimens are usually poorly preserved because of the 

coarseness of the silicification, and they are generally 

damaged by the etching process. 

Despite the limited number of identifiable (articulated) specimens, the diversity of higher taxa is considerable, which is typical for Middle Ordovician rocks. 

Mitrate stylophorans, paracrinoids, inadunate crinoids, 

and cyclocystoids are discussed herein. A rhombiferan 

cystoid from the Edinburg Formation, Tumbling Run, 

Va., is also included. Ordovician edrioasteroids and asteroids from Kentucky have been discussed by Bell 

(1979) and Branstrator (1979), respectively. 

A few of the collections contain many disarticulated 

crinoid columnals and various types of disarticulated 

thecal plates. The former are generally unidentifiable 

and are here recorded by formation and collection number at the end of the paper. 

In spite of the rather high diversity of echinoderms, 

especially in the lower part of the Lexington Limestone, 

the actual number of echinodermal remains seems to be 

rather low. Of the 1,086 collections made, only 84, or 

slightly less than 8 percent, yielded echinoderm remains. Although there is a collecting bias for silicified 

mollusks and brachiopods (John Pojeta, Jr., oral commun., 1975), it is puzzling why presumed shallow-water, 

'Tulane University, New Orleans, La. 

normal marine echinoderms are not more commonly 

found with brachiopods, mollusks, bryozoans, etc., in 

these collections. Preservation alone does not seem to be 

an adequate explanation for the paucity of echinoderms, nor does the fact that many Ordovician echinoderms, e.g., edrioasteroids and crinoids, had a definite 

tendency to form small colonies on the sea bottom (see 

Springer, 1911, p. 13, concerning the crinoid Hybocystis ). Most echinoderms partly or entirely disarticulate after death and are spread over the sea floor by 

currents. The question of their poor representation at 

this time is unresolved. 

Although no new taxa are recognized in this study, 

several specimens have enhanced our knowledge of 

known genera, notably the specimens of the mitrate 

Enoploura and the rhombiferan A mecystis. · 

Many of the genera and species of Echinodermata 

found in the Lexington Limestone also occur in the 

Kirkfield Limestone of Kirkfield, Ontario, Canada, and 

in the Hull Beds (and in lesser numbers in the Sherman 

Fall Beds) of the Ottawa, Ontario, area. These units 

seem not only to span essentially the same time period 

but also to have a similar paleoenvironmental setting. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

I wish to thank John Pojeta, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., for selecting me to work on this 

material. James C. Brower, Dept. of Geology, Syracuse 

University, Syracuse, N.Y., identified some of the crinoids. The text figure was drawn by Susan Foster, Newcomb College, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. 

Dennis Greig of Chevron, U.S.A., New Orleans, La., took 

the SEM photographs with his company's instrument. 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Phylum ECHINODERMATA 

Subphylum HOMALOZOA Whitehouse, 1941 

Class STYLOPHORA Gill and Caster, 1960 

lorder MITRATA Jaekel, 1918 

Suborder ANOMALOCYSTITIDA Caster, 1952 

Family ANOMALOCYSTITIDAE Bassler, 1938 

Genus ENOPLOURA Wetherby, 1879 

Enoploura cf.E. punctata Bassler, 1932 

Plate 1, figures 14-19 

K1 
K2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORDOVICIAN PALEONTOLOGY OF KENTUCKY ANlJ NEARBY STATES 

Enopleura [sic] punctata Bassler, 1932, p. 218, pl. .18, fig. 9: 

Enoploura punctata Bassler, Bassler and Moodey, 1943, p. 157: Parsley 

1969, p. 69-75, pl. 2, figs. 1-7. 

Diagnosis.-Carapace prosopon scaly punctate; aboral lip thick and evenly rounded, distal spines thick, 

unbowed, terete. Styloid blades not greatly expanded. 

Description.-Enoplaura punctata has a subrectangular, convexo-concave theca which thickens proximally towards the subvective aulacophore. Articulated 

spines are attached at the distal corners of the theca; 

they are terete (typical of this Middle Ordovician species), rather than compressed and slightly curved (typical of Late Ordovician species). Along the distal margin, 

a heavy, evenly curved unornamented lip projects from 

the lower (plastron) surface. (Late Ordovician species of 

Enoplaura have a thin, often distally denticulate lip, 

which is commonly ornamented with veinlike depressions on its upper surface.) 

The aulacophore is divided into three sections: (1) a 

proximal tetramerous part consisting of 10 to 11 segments, usually having several of the proximal segments 

inserted into the theca; (2) a distal trimerous part, composed of a keel-shaped basal ossicle and paired covering 

plates over the food groove, which is on the upper surface of the basal ossicle; and (3) an intermediate section, 

the styloid, which is made up of highly modified distal 

aulacophore segments, the basal ossicles (three) being 

projected laterally and ventrally into broad flat blades. 

These blades serve as a base for the distal aulacophore, 

which was held above the animal for subvection 

(Ubaghs, 1967, p. 532-535; Parsley, 1967, p. 172-173; 

Parsley and Caster, 1975, p. 1225-1226). 

Discussion.-The material studied for this report 

consists of seven incomplete specimens, among which is 

a single nearly complete individual (pl. 1, fig. 17). These 

specimens, which can only be tentatively assigned to the 

species E. punctata, are generally poorly preserved. 

Plate outlines are blurred because of silicification, and 

only gross external and some internal features are 

observable. 

The position of the gut is suggested by what appears 

to be mud infilling; this mud probably was emplaced 

soon after the· death of the animal. The gut seems to 

have extended from the aulacophore opening in a diagonal direction along the septum on the plastron floor to 

the distal right corner of the theca, where presumably 

the anus opened into the central (cloacal cavity?) opening. Almost all internal detail has been obliterated because of the coarseness of silicification. 

Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this material 

is that several specimens (pl. 1, figs. 17, 18) on file seem 

to have taken refuge under Rafinesquina shells, which 

were lying convex-side upward on the substrate. The 

theca and most of the proximal aulacophore of each 

specimen are under the respective shells, and the styloid 

and distal aulacophore of one specimen extend upwards 

over the top of the animal and the brachiopod shell in 

what appears to be close to the habitus feeding position. 

The positions of the specimens seem to be deliberate, 

rather than being the result of fortuitous preservation. 

Localities and materials.-Curdsville Limestone 

Member, Lexington Limestone: USNM 245193-245195 

(pl.1, figs.14-16), USGS loc. 6134-CO; USNM 247881 (pl. 

1, fig. 17), USGS loc. 6134-CO; USNM 247883 (pl. 1, fig. 

19), USGS loc. 7785-CO. Clays Ferry Formation: USNM 

247882 (pl. 1, fig. 18), USGS loc. 6143-CO. 

Subphylum CRINOZOA Matsumoto, 1929 

Class CYSTOIDIA von Buch, 1846 

Order RHOMBIFERA Zittel, 1879 

Superfamily GLYPTOCYSTITIDA Bather, 1899 

Family PLEUROCYSTITIDAE Neumayr, 1899 

Genus AMECYSTIS Ulrich and Kirk, 1921 

Amecystis laevis (Raymond), 1921 

Plate 1, figure 1 

Pleurocystites laevis Raymond, 1921, p. 2-3, pl. 2, figs. 1-3. 

Amecystis Laevis Ulrich and Kirk, 1921, p. 147-148: Parsley, 1970, p. 

192-194, pl. 29, figs. 1-5, pl. 30, figs. 5, 6: Broadhead, 1974, p. 

670-673; Broadhead and Strimple, 1975, p. 318. 

Diagnosis.-A mecystis with flattened, evenly sagittate theca; thecal plates thin, smooth, or with pustulose 

prosopon. 

Discussion.-This species is represented herein by a 

single specimen that shows the ventral (anal) surface of 

the theca and part of the column (pl. 1, fig. 1; text-fig. 1). 

Except for a few proximal plates, the brachioles are 

missing. The specimen is significant in that it clearly 

shows the entire polyplated periproctal area and the 

ventral thecal plates adjacent to the brachioles. The 

number and geometry of the distal ventral thecal plates 

have been subject to controversy (Parsley, 1970, p. 189; 

Broadhead, 1974, p. 671, text-fig. 1; Broadhead and 

Strimple, 1975, p. 313, fig. 1, p. 318). 

The problem primarily concerns the presence or absence of oral plate 06 and its relationships to 01 and 07, 

which are identifiable in all pleurocystitids. In Amecystis, plate 01 underrides 07, so that 07 is quite thin 

and is seemingly susceptible to postmortem fracture. 

The ease of fracture probably is enhanced by the additional thinning of 07 where the conduits for the hydropore and gonopore traverse its undersurface. Apparently, fracturing accounts for the presence of an "06" 

plate in this genus. In some specimens, 06 may indeed 

split from 01 early in ontogeny, and the presence of 06 

would then be an example of intrageneric variation (see 

Sinclair, 1948, p. 311; Kesling, 1961, p. 66; Paul, 1967, p. 

107; Parsley, 1970, p. 154). 

Plates L1 and L4 are considerably attenuated towards 

the sagittal axis. In most specimens the thinned parts of 

these plates fracture, and these breaks can resemble 

sutures, resulting in the identification of spurious 

plates. 

The ornamentation on the marginal plates is unique 

to this specimen, but to establish a new species on this 
ECHINODERMS FROM MIDDLE AND UPPER ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF KENTUCKY K3 

Figure I.-Partial reconstruction of the ventral (anal) face of Amecystis laevis. Plate terminology is that used for glyptocystitid 

rhombiferans: B, basals; IL, infralaterals; L, laterals; R, radials; 

0, orals; D, distals (see Parsley 1970, p. 140); h, hydropore slit; g, 

gonopore. The plate that shares the hydropore and gonopore with 

01 is 07. The large tesselated surface is the greatly expanded 

periproct, the anal pyramid being just above the suture between 

B4 and IL4. 

feature alone, with no knowledge of the opposite face, 

seems unwise. 

Locality and materials.-Edinburg Formation, Tumbling Run, near Strasburg, Va.; cobbly limestone facies 

nearest to junction of road paralleling creek with State 

Route 11: USNM 245181. 

Subphylum PARACRINOZOA Parsley and Mintz, 1975 

Class PARACRINOIDEA Regnell, 1945 

Order COMAROCYSTITIDA Parsley and Mintz, 1975 

Family AMYGDALOCYSTITIDAE Jaekel, 1900 

Genus AMYGDALOCYSTITES Billings, 1854 

Amygdalocystites florealis Billings, 1854 

Plate 1, figures 2, 3 

A mygdalocystites florealis Billings, 1854, p. 270- 271, figs. 4-6; Billings, 

1857, p. 289; Billings, 1858, p. 63-64, pl. 6, figs. la-e; Billings, W. 

R., 1883, p. 51-52; Wilson, 1946, p. 9-10, pl. 1, figs. 1- 2; Parsley 

and Mintz, 1975, p. 49-51, pl. 4, figs. 1-7, pl. 5, figs. 1- 7, textfig. 1. 

Amygdalocystis [sic] jlorealis Billings, Haeckel, 1896, p. 106-107, 

fig. 15; Bather, 1900, p. 57, fig. 19. 

Amygdalocystites tenuistriatus Billings, 1854, p. 271, fig. 9; Billings, 

1857, p. 289-290; Billings, 1858, p. 64- 65, pl. 6, figs. 2a-f. 

Amygdalocystites huntingtoni Wetherby, 1881, p. 177, pl. 5, fig. 3. 

Ottawacystites laevis (Billings, W. R.) Wilson, 1946, p. 14, pl. 3, 

figs. la- b. 

Diagnosis.-Amygdaloid theca with two recumbent 

arms; thecal plates with expending rays expanding 

from rounded central boss to plate corners; smaller rays 

extending from boss to bisect plate facets. 

Discussion.-Amygdalocystites was first reported in 

the Lexington Limestone by Wetherby (1881) as A. 

huntingtoni Wetherby; Parsley and Mintz (1975, p. 50) 

placed Wetherby's species in synonomy with A. fiorealis 

Billings. Two specimens of A. fiorealis are included in 

this report. Both have the offset and bent proximal column, theca, and the recumbent arms. One specimen, 

USNM 245183 (pl. 1, fig. 3), has poorly preserved exothecal pinnules lying over the theca. Species-level 

identification of these poor specimens is possible because of the radial ornament on a few of the thecal 

plates. 

These specimens clearly show the proximally reflexed 

column, which in life canted the theca at an angle to its 

longitudinal axis and resulted in the offset peristome 

being in an uppermost and horizontal position or very 

close to it. 

Locality and materials.- Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone, USGS loc. 6134-CO: USNM 

245182, 245183. 

Class CRINOIDEA J. S. Miller, 1821 

Subclass INADUNATA Wachsmuth and Springer, 1885 

Order HYBOCRINIDA Jaekel, 1918 

Family HYBOCRINIDAE Zittel, 1879 

Genus HYBOCRINUS Billings, 1857 

Hybocrinus tumidus Billings, 1857 

Plate 1, figures 6, 9 

Hybocrinus tumidus Billings, 1857, p. 275; Billings, 1858, p. 28, pl. 2, 

figs. la-c; Springer, 1911, p. 24, pl. 5, figs. 1-5; Wilson, 1946, 

p. 31. 

Discussion.-The new material available is a single 

partly preserved theca that has the proximal parts of 

the arms attached. The crenulated anal (X) plate is visible, although it is somewhat worn. Identification of this 

specimen is based on the nature of the anal plate (see 
K4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORDOVICIAN PALEONTOLOGY OF KENTUCKY AND NEARBY STATES 

Springer 1911, p. 24) and the rather globular outline of 

the theca. No new morphological features have been 

observed on the specimen. 

Locality and materiaL-The single specimen USNM 

245186 is from USGS loc. 5083-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Genus HYBOCYSTITES Wetherby, 1880 

Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880 

Plate 1, figures 7, 8, 10 

Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880, p. 150-152, pl. 5, figs. 1, 

la-c; Carpenter, 1882, p. 307-312, pl. 9, figs. 6-24. 

Hybocystis [sic] problimaticus Wetherby emend. Parks, 1908, p. 

232-234, pl. 2, figs. 1-3, 5. 

Hybocystis [sic] eldonensis Parks, 1908, p. 234-235, pl. 2, fig. 4; Springer 

1911, p. 13, 19-20, pl. 2, figs. 1-10. 

Discussion.-This species is represented by two in- . 

complete thecae and some disarticulated plates. In neither specimen is there any evidence of a column of 

the distal ends of the arms. Identification is based on the 

presence of recumbent arms over the radials and the 

distinctive crenulate ornament of the thecal plates. 

Among the disarticulated plates, the radials are especially identifiable (pl. 1, fig. 8). 

This species has the. tendency to form colonies that are 

very closely spaced -so that 100 or more individuals may 

have lived in an area of several square feet (Springer, 

1911, p. 13). Within one such colony, Springer (1911) 

described specimens attributed to H problematicus and 

H eldonensis. Springer (1911, p.19-20) correctly pointed 

out that the identification as two species was probably 

due to differences in size and growth between the two 

specimens and that both specimens should be placed 

under a single species. Although he declined to synonymize the two species, it is done herein. 

Hybocystites is one of the most unusual of the crinoids 

in that three of the arms are short (five or six segments 

long), whereas the two anterior lateral arms are recumbent and fit into grooves that extend across the 

radials and sometimes even onto the basals and column 

in mature specimens. 

Localities and materials.-Specimens USNM 245187 

(pl. 1, fig. 7) and USNM 245189, (pl. 1, fig. 10) are from 

USGS loc. 5083-CO, which is at the base of the 

Curdsville Limestone Member, of the Lexington Limestone. Disarticulated plates such as USNM 245188 (pl. 1, 

fig. 8), USGS loc. 7785-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone, are also found in localities 

5084-CO, 5101-CO, and 7784-CO of the same stratigraphic unit. 

The same species of Hybocystites and Hybocrinus are 

found in the Hull Beds of Ontario. Many other Trentonian echinoderms are common to the Curdsville Limestone Member and Hull Beds, clearly indicating their 

similarity in paleoenvironment and probable time 

equivalence. 

Suborder CYATHOCRINOIDEA Bather, 1899 

Family CARABOCRINIDAE Bather, 1899 

Genus CARABOCRINUS Billings, 1857 

Carabocrinus sp. 

Plate 1, figures 11, 12 

Discussion.-Disarticulated plates can be assigned to 

Carabocrinus because of characteristic raised radiating 

ridges on their outer surfaces. Radial and basal plates 

are present. Identification of these plates to the species 

level is not possible; however, C. vancortlandi Billings, 

C. radiatus Billings, and C. ovalis Miller and Gurley have 

all been previously reported in the Curdsville Limestone 

Member of the Lexington Limestone (see Bassler and 

Moodey, 1943, p. 306). The three named species may be 

synonyms of a single species, at least in the Curdsville. 

However, the material at hand is of no value in determining this. 

Locality and materials.-USGS loc. 7785-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone: USNM 

245190 (pl. 1, fig. 11); USNM 245191 (pl. 1, fig. 12). 

Order CLADIDA Moore and Laudon, 1943 

Suborder DENDROCRININA Bather, 1899 

Family DENDROCRINIDAE Miller, 1889 

Genus CUPULOCRINUS d'Orbigny, 1849 

Cupulocrinus sp. 

Plate 1, figures 4, 13 

Discussion.-Species-level identification of the two 

figured specimens is uncertain, as the diagnostic features of the anal sac are not preserved. The specimens 

probably are either C. humulis (Billings) or C. jewetti 

(Billings), both of which were pr~viously reported from 

the Curdsville Limestone Metnber of the Lexington 

Limestone (Springer, 1911). The short wide primibrachs 

are typical of Cupulocrinus, and this feature serves to 

distinguish it from the closely related coeval genus 

Dendrocrinus. 

Locality and materials.-Curdsville Limestone Member of the Lexington Limestone, USGS loc. 5072-CO: US 

NM 245184 (pl. 1, fig. 4) and USNM 245192 (pl. 1, fig. 13). 

Order DISPARIDA Moore and Laudon, 1943 

Family HETEROCRINIDAE Zittel, 1879 

Genus HETEROCRINUS Hall, 1872 

Heterocrinus sp. 

Plate 1, figure 5 

Discussion.-This form is known from a single incompletely preserved specimen, which shows part of the 

monocyclic theca, part of the proximal column, and the 

proximal parts of several arms (primibrachs ), one arm 

with the primary axillary. Although several Middle 

Ordovician species of Heterocrinus are known, Heterocrinus tenuis Billings, reported from Quebec and Ontario (by Billings, 1857, and Wilson, 1946), is the most 

likely--species name for this specimen. · 

Locality and materials.- Grier Limestone Member, 

Lexington Limestone, USGS loc. 4946-CO: USNM 

245185 (pl. 1, fig. 5). 
ECHINODERMS FROM MIDDLE AND UPPER ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF KENTUCKY K5 

Subphylum ECHINOZOA Matsumoto, 1929 

Class CYCLOCYSTOIDEA Miller and Gurley, 1895 

Family CYCLOCYSTOIDIDAE Miller, 1892 

Genus CYCLOCYSTOIDES Salter and Billings, 1858 

Cyclocystoides sp. 

Plate 1, figure 20 

Discussion.-At several localities, distinctive, disarticulated submarginal plates of Cyclocystoides have 

been found in considerable numbers. Plates having two, 

and, less commonly, three radial ducts are present. At 

least five species of Middle Ordovician cyclocystoids (all 

genus Cyclocystoides) are known in North America, but 

this is their first reported occurrence from Kentucky. 

The rather poor preservation of the plates precludes 

specific identification. 

Localities and materials.- Salvisa Bed, Perryville 

Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone, USGS 

loc. 5015-CO: USNM 247884 (pl. 1, fig. 20). Other USGS 

localities where cyclocystoid plates have been found: 

6409-CO, Calloway Creek Limestone; 6410-CO, 

6411-CO, Ash-lock Formation; and 6416-CO, Grant 

Lake Limestone. 

OCCURRENCES OF DISARTICULATED 

ECHINODERM PLATES IDENTIFIABLE ONLY 

TO A HIGH TAXONOMIC LEVEL 

The following list gives USGS locality numbers arranged by the formations that contain echinoderm 

remains. Most of the remains are short segments of 

crinoid columnals or individual columnals. A locality 

number i~dicates the occurrence of crinoid columnals or 

short column lengths, unless otherwise stated. 

Camp Nelson Limestone: 5079-CO, 7835-CO, 7863-CO, 

7875-CO. 

Tyrone Limestone: 6035-CO, 6036-CO, 6037 -CO, 6039-

CO, 6041-CO, 6042-CO, 613:>-CO, 7795-CO, 

7886-CO. 

Lexington Limestone: 

Curdsville Limestone Member: 4073-CO, 4940-CO 

(Cupulocrinus), 5022-CO, 5069-CO, 5072-

CO (Cupulocrinus ), 5084-CO, 5101-CO 

(crinoid thecal plates, Hybocrinus, Carabocrinus ), 6131-CO (crinoid thecal plates, 

Carabocrinus? plate), 6134-CO (crinoid 

thecal plates, mitrate}, 6135-CO (crinoid 

thecal plates}, 6751-CO, 7782-CO (Carabocrinus plates), 7784-CO, 7785-CO (mitrates, crinoid thecal plates, Carabocrinus, 

Hybocrinus plates, small Cupulocrinus ), 

7817-CO. 

Logana Member: 7791-CO. 

Grier Limestone Member: 4073-CO, 4852-CO, 

4874-CO, 4928-CO, 4959-CO, 5074-CO, 

5093-CO, 7792-CO. 

Perryville Limestone Member: 5015-CO (partly 

preserved circlet of cyclocystoid plates, 

disarticulated cyclocystoid pl~s}, 6136-

CO, 6138-CO, 6715-CO (cyclocystoid 

plates), 7842-CO. 

Tanglewood Limestone Member: D-1200-CO, 

D-1202-CO, D-1206-CO, 7783-CO, 7787-

CO, 7793-CO, 7796-CO, 7809-CO, 7811-CO, 

7821-CO, 7823-CO. 

Millersburg Member: 6144-CO, 7079-CO (crinoid 

thecal plates}, 7353-CO, 7790-CO. 

Clays Ferry Formation: D-1172-CO, D-1173-CO, 6128-

CO, 6142-CO, 6143-CO (mitrate}, 7044-CO, 

7348-CO, 7349-CO, 7350-CO, 7458-CO, 7812-CO. 

Point Pleasant Tongue: 6699-CO (crinoid holdfasts}, 7824-CO (crinoid thecal plates}, 

7825-CO, 7830-CO. 

Kope Formation: 7834-CO. 

Grant Lake Limestone: 6416-CO (crinoid thecal plates, 

cyclocystoid plates). 

Ashlock Formation: 6043-CO, 6410-CO ( cyclocystoid plates), 7794-CO, 7843-CO; 

Gilbert Member: 6411-CO (cyclocystoid plates), 

6412-CO ( cyclocystoid plates, crinoid thecal plate). 

Whitewater Formation: 7802-CO. 

Dillsboro Formation: 6140-CO. 

LOCALITY REGISTER 

This locality register supplements that published by 

Pojeta (1979) in chapter A of this series, which contains 

the details of the numbering and the methods of notation. Only localities not mentioned in chapter A are 

included here; therefore, refer to chapter A for any locality numbers used in this paper that are not in this 

register. 

Collection number_______ 4928-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 4929-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Grier Limestone Member, Lexington 

Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 22ft below the base of the Brannon Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Silicified------------------ Yes ( 40 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Salvisa, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Salvisa A. 

Section number__________ 175. 

Collection number _______ 4946-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 4940-CO. 

Coordinates -------------- Do. 

Formation________________ Float in lower part of the Grier Limestone 

Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (3 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Salvisa, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Salvisa B. 

Section number__________ 176. 
K6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORDOVICIAN PALEONTOLOGY OF KENTUCKY AND NEARBY STATES 

Collection number _______ 5074-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ Small quarry on west side of Tates Creek 

Pike, north of Gainesway, Ky., and 2 mi 

south of intersection with Cooper Rd. 

Coordinates ______________ 15.5 mm east, 545 mm north. 

Formation________________ Grier Limestone Member, Lexington 

Limestone. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (15 lbs). 

Section name_____________ Tates Creek Rd. quarry. 

Collection number_______ 5079-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 7875-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Camp Nelson Limestone. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (10 lbs). 

Quadrangle name________ Wilmore, Ky. 

Section name_____________ High Bridge. 

Collection number_______ 5083-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 5081-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington 

Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 1ft above the Tyrone Limestone-Lexington Limestone contact. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (35 lbs). 

Section name_____________ Tyrone C. 

Section number__________ 174. 

Collection number_______ 6035-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ Roadcut on New Watts Mill Rd., 0.1 mi SW. 

of intersection with State Route 39. 

Coordinates ______________ Base of section at 260 mm east, 346 mm 

north. 

Formation________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 89-94 ft above base of section. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (335 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number _______ 6036-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6035-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 80-84 ft above base of section. 

Silicified------------------ Yes ( 418 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name _____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number _______ 6037-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6035-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 70-74 ft above base of section. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (178 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number_______ 6039-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6035-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 65ft above base of section. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (32 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number_______ 6041-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6035-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 38ft above base of section. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (6 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number_______ 6042-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6035-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position___ 35 ft above base of section. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (6 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number_______ 6043-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6035-CO. 

Coordinates -------------- Do. 

Formation _______________ _ 

Stratigraphic position __ _ 

Silicified------------------

Qu!drangle name _______ _ 

Section name ____________ _ 

Collection number ______ _ 

Geographic location ____ _ 

Coordinates _____________ _ 

Formation _______________ _ 

Stratigraphic position __ _ 

Silicified _________________ _ 

Quadrangle name _______ _ 

Section name ____________ _ 

Oregon Formation. 

25 ft above base of section. 

Yes (17 lbs). 

Little Hickman, Ky. 

Little Hickman A. 

6133-CO. 

The same as for 6134-CO. 

Do. 

Tyrone Limestone. 

6 in. below Tyrone Limestone-Lexington 

Limestone contact. 

Yes (38 lbs). 

Bryantsville, Ky. 

Bryantsville D. 

Collection number_______ 6715-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for D-1169-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Clays Ferry Formation. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 19ft above base of formation. 

Quadrangle name ________ Ford, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Clays Ferry; Ford A. 

Section number__________ 22. 

Collection number_______ 6751-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 5072-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Upper part of the Curdsville Limestone 

Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (301 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Frankfort East, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Frankfort East B. 

Section number__________ 87. 

Collection number_______ 7783-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 5095-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Top bedoftheuppermostpart of the Tanglewood Limestone Member (Tongue), Lexington Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ Just below Devils Hollow Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (141 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Frankfort East, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Frankfort East A. 

Section number__________ 86. 
ECHINODERMS FROM MIDDLE AND UPPER ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF KENTUCKY K7 

Collection number _____ 7787-CO. 

Note: Recollection of 7783-CO. 

Collection number_______ 7794-CO. 

Geographic location_____ Roadcut on U.S. Route 227, just northeast 

of bridge crossing of Kentucky River. 

Coordinates ______________ 397 mm east, 154 mm north. 

Formation________________ Oregon Formation. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 112 ft below base Tyrone Limestone, 8 ft 

above base Oregon Formation. 

Quadrangle name ________ Ford, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Daniel Boone Inn. 

Collection number 

Geographic location ____ _ 

Coordinates _____________ _ 

Formation _______________ _ 

Stratigraphic position __ _ 

Quadrangle name _______ _ 

Section name ____________ _ 

7795-CO. 

The same as for 7794-CO. 

Do. 

Tyrone Limestone. 

65 ft below top of Tyrone Limestone, 15 ft 

above top of Oregon Formation. 

Ford, Ky. 

Daniel Boone Inn. 

Collection number_______ 7796-CO. 

Geographic location _____ Interstate Route 75, 1.3 mi south of exit to 

State Route 418. 

Coordinates ______________ 434 mm east, 313 mm north. 

Formation ________________ Lowermost part of the Tanglewood Limestone Member (Tongue), Lexington 

Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 3-9 ft above base Cane Run Bed of the 

Grier Limestone Member, Lexington 

Limestone. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (175 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Coletown, Ky. 

Collection number_______ 7802-CO. 

Geographic location _____ Roadcut 1.3 mi south of junction of U.S. 

Route 27 and State Route 227, south of 

Richmond, Ind. 

Coordinates-------------- 347 mm east, 168 mm north. 

Formation________________ Whitewater Formation. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 8-12-in. limestone ledge at top of roadcut. 

Quadrangle name ________ Richmond, Ind. 

Collection number_______ 7811-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6945-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation ________________ Tanglewood Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position___ 32 ft above Brannon Member-Tanglewood Limestone Member contact, Lexington Limestone. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (117 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Ford, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Ford-Boonesboro Rd. 

Collection number_______ 7817 -CO. 

Geographic location _____ Roadcut on State Route 39, 0.3 mi southeast of Black Bridge crossing of Hickman Creek. 

Coordinates ______________ 269 mm east, 280 mm north. 

Formation________________ Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington 

Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 6 in. above Tyrone Limestone-Curdsville 

Limestone Member contact. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (17 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Little Hickman, Ky. 

Section name _____________ Little Hickman A. 

Collection number 7821-CO. 

Geographic location _____ Roadcut on U.S. Route 27, 0.5 mi northeast 

of junction with State Route 152. 

Coordinates ______________ 433 mm east, 518 mm north. 

Formation________________ Tanglewood Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (29 lbs). 

Quadrangle name________ Bryantsville, Ky. 

Collection number 

Geographic location ____ _ 

Coordinates _____________ _ 

Formation _______________ _ 

Silicified------------------

Quadrangle name _______ _ 

7823-CO. 

Roadcut on State Route 35, 0.6 mi northeast of junction with State Route 355. 

16 mm east, 273 mm north. 

Lower part of the Tanglewood Limestone 

Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Yes (68 lbs). 

Monterey, Ky. 

Collection number_______ 7824-CO. 

Geographic location_____ Roadcut on U.S. Route 42," 0.5 mi west of 

mouth of Sugar Creek to 0.5 mi east of 

mouth of Creek. 

Coordinates ______________ 203 mm east, 139 mm north. 

Formation________________ Point Pleasant Tongue, Clays Ferry 

Formation. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 3ft above base of exposure, 20-25 ft below 

Point Pleasant Tongue-Kope Formation contact. 

Silicified------------------ Yes (154 lbs). 

Quadrangle name ________ Patriot, Ky.-Ind. 

Collection number_______ 7825-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 7824-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Point Pleasant Tongue, Clays Ferry 

Formation. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 3 ft below Point Pleasant Tongue-Kope 

Formation contact. 

Silicified__________________ Yes (231 lbs). 

Quadrangle name________ Patriot, Ky.-Ind. 

Collection number 7830-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 6211-CO. 

Coordinates______________ Do. 

Formation _______________ _ 

Stratigraphic position __ _ 

Silicified _________________ _ 

Quadrangle name _______ _ 

Section name ____________ _ 

Collection number ______ _ 

Geographic location ____ _ 

Coordinates -------------- Formation _______________ _ 

Stratigraphic position __ _ 

Silicified _________________ _ 

Quadrangle name _______ _ 

Section name ____________ _ 

Point Pleasant Tongue, Clays Ferry 

Formation. 

Float in lower 10 ft of gully on east wall. 

Yes (22 lbs). 

Moscow, Ohio-Ky. 

Bear Creek. 

7835-CO. 

The same as for 7836-CO. 

Do. 

Camp Nelson Limestone. 

Float at base of section. 

Yes (15 lbs). 

Little Hickman, Ky. 

Type section Camp Nelson Limestone. 

Collection number 7842-CO. 

Geographic location _____ Quarry on U.S. Route 150 about 2.4 mi 

southeast of Danville. 
K8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ORDOVICIAN PALEONTOLOGY OF KENTUCKY AND NEARBY STATES 

Coordinates ______________ 18.5 mm east, 9.5 mm north. 

Formation________________ Cornishville Bed, Perryville Limestone 

Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Quadrangle name________ Bryantsville, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Caldwell Stone Quarry. 

Collection number_______ 7843-CO. 

Geographic location_____ Roadcut on U.S. Route 127 (State Route 35) 

about 2.5 mi north of Moreland. 

Coordinates ______________ 260 mm east, 173.5 mm north. 

Formation________________ Ashlock Formation. 

Silicified------------------ Yes ( 450 lbs ). 

Quadrangle name ________ Junction City, Ky. 

Collection number_______ 7863-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 5079-CO. 

Coordinates -------------- Do. 

Formation________________ Camp Nelson Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position___ 5.1 ft above base of section. 

Quadrangle name ________ Wilmore, Ky. 

Section name_____________ High Bridge. 

Collection number_______ 7885-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 7875-CO. 

Coordinates -------------- Do. 

Formation________________ Camp Nelson Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 102ft above base of section. 

Quadrangle name ________ Wilmore, Ky. 

Section name_____________ High Bridge. 

Collection number_______ 7886-CO. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for 7875-CO. 

Coordinates -------------- Do. 

Formation ________________ Tyrone Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 210ft above base of section. 

Quadrangle name ________ Wilmore, Ky. 

Section name_____________ High Bridge. 

Collection number _______ D-1202-CO*. 

Geographic location _____ The same as for D-1200-CO. 

Coordinates ______________ Do. 

Formation________________ Brannon Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position___ 215 ft above base of section. 

Quadrangle name ________ Frankfort East, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Frankfort East A. 

Section number__________ 86. 

Collection number _______ D-1206-CO*. 

Geographic location_____ The same as for D-1200-CO. 

Coordinates -------------- Do. 

Formation________________ Tanglewood Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

Stratigraphic position ___ 247ft above base of section. 

Quadrangle name________ Frankfort East, Ky. 

Section name_____________ Frankfort East A. 

Section number__________ 86. 

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W. Junk, 194 p. 

Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W., 1943, Bibliographic and faunal 

index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms: Geological Society 

of America Special Paper 45, 734 p. 

Bather, F. A., 1899, A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa: 

British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report of 

68th Meeting, Bristol, 1898, p. 916-923. 

--1900, The Echinoderma, v. 3 of Lankester, E. R., ed., Treatise on 

zoology: London, 344 p. (See the Cystidea, p. 38-77.) 

Bell, B. M., 1979, Edrioasteroids (Echinodermata): U.S. Geological 

Survey Professional Paper 1066-E, 7 p., 2 pis. 

Billings, Elkanah, 1854, On some new genera and species of Cystidea 

from the Trenton Limestone: Canadian Journal, v. 2, p. 215-218, 

250-253, 268-274. 

--1857, Report for the year 1856: Canada Geological Survey, Report of Progress 1853-1856, p. 245-345. 

--1858, Figures and descriptions of Canadian organic remains: 

Canada Geological Survey, Canadian Organic Remains, Decade 3, 

p. 9-102, pls. 1-11. 

Billings, W. R., 1883, Notes on and description of, some fossils from 

the Trenton Limestone: Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club Transactions no. 4, p. 49-52, 1 pl. 

Branstrator, J. W., 1979, Asteroidea (Echinodermata): U.S. Geological 

Survey Professional Paper 1066-F, 7 p., 3 pis. 

Broadhead, T. W., 1974, Reevaluation of the morphology of Amecystis 

laevis (Raymond): Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 670-673. 

Broadhead, T. W., and Strimple, H.L., 1975, Respiration in a vagrant Ordovician cystoid, Amecystis: Paleobiology, v. 1, no. 3, p. 312-319, 3 

figs. 

Buch, Leopold von, 1846, Uber Cystideen eingeleitet durch die Entwicklung der Eigenthumlichkeiten von Caryocrinus ornatus Say. Gelesen in der Akademie der Wissenschaften am 14 Mai 1844: Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin, Abhandlungen 1844, p. 89-116, 

pls. 1-2. 

Carpenter, P. H., 1882, On the relations of Hybocrinus, Baerocrinus, 

and Hybocystites: Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal, v. 38, p. 298-312, 1 pl., figs. 1-3. 

Caster, K. E., 1952, Concerning Enoplcrura of the Upper Ordovician 

and its relation to other carpoid Echinodermata: Bulletins of 

American Paleontology, v. 34, no. 141, 56 p., 4 pls. 

Gill, E. D., and Caster, K. E., 1960, Carpoid echinoderms from the 

Silurian and Devonian of Australia: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 41, no. 185, 60·p. 

Haeckel, Ernst, 1896, Die Amphorideen und Cystoideen; Beitrilge zur 

Morphologie und Phylogenie der Echinodermen: [Leipzig, 

W. Engelmann], 179 p., 5 pis., 25 figs. (Festschrift zur 70 Geburtstages von Carl Gegenbaur, Bd. 1.) 

Hall, James, 1872, Description of new species uf Crinoidea and other 

fossils from strata of the age of the Hudson River Group and 

Trenton Limestone: New York State Museum of Natural History 

Annual Report 24, p. 205-224, pls. 5-8. 

Jaekel, Otto, 1900, Ueber Carpoideen, eine neue Classe von Pelmatozoen: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft Zeitschrift, v. 52, 

no. 4, p. 661-677, figs. 1-11. 

--1918, Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen: Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-128, figs. 1-114 [1921]. 

Kesling, R. V., 1961, A new Glyptocystites from Middle Ordovician 

strata of Michigan: Michigan University Museum of Paleontology 

Contributions, v. 17, no. 2, p. 59-76, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-4. 

Matsumoto, H., 1929, Outline of a classification of Echinodermata: 

Tohoku Imperial University Science Reports, 2d ser. (Geology), 

v. 13, no. 2, p. 27-33. 

Miller, J. S., 1821, A natural history of the Crinoidea or lily-shaped 

animals; with observations on the genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites: Bristol, published for the author by 

C. Frost, p. 1-150. 

Miller, S. A., 1889-1897, North American geology and paleontology: 

Cincinnati, Ohio, 664 p. (1889); first appendix, p. 665-718 (1892); 

second appendix, p. 719-793 (1897). 

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E., 1895, Description of some new 

species of Paleozoic Echinodermata: Illinois State Museum of 

Natural History Bulletin 6, 62 p., 5 pis. 
ECHINODERMS FROM MIDDLE AND UPPER ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF KENTUCKY K9 

Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R., 1943, Evolution and classification of 

Paleozoic crinoids: Geological Society of America Special Paper 

46, 153 p., 14 pis., 18 figs. 

Neumayr, Melchior, 1889, Die Stn.mme des Thierreiches. Bd. I. Wirbellose Thiere: Vienna and Prague, F. Tempsky, 1 v. 

Orbigny, Alcide, d', 1849-1852, Prodrome de paleontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnes: 

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Parks, W. A., 1908, On an occurrence of Hybocystis in Ontario: Ottawa 

Naturalist, v. 21, p. 232-236, 1 pl. 

Parsley, R. L., 1967, Morphology and function of the aulacophore in 

the mitrate carpoid, Enoploura (Echinodermata; Middle and 

Upper Ordovician): Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, New Orleans, 1967, Program with Abstracts, p. 172-173. 

--1969, Studies in Middle Ordovician primitive Echinodermata: 

Cincinnati, Ohio, University of Cincinnati, Ph. D. dissertation, 

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descriptions of new fossils from that formation and the Kaskaskia (Chester) Group, Subcarboniferous: Cincinnati Society of 

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--tr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1982- 361-614/302 

PLATE 1 

Contact photograph of this plate in this report is available at cost, from 

U.S. Geological Survey Library, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225. 
PLATE 1 

FIGURE 1. Amecystis laevis (Raymond), 1921 (p. K2). 

Ventral (anal) face of the theca and part of the column. Note the sculpture of the marginal plates and the tesselated 

periproct. Edinburg Formation, Tumbling Run, near Strasburg, Va. USNM 245181; (X 1.75). 

2,3. A mygdalocystites jlorealis Billings, 1854 (p. K3). 

Both specimens are from USGS locality 6134-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

2. Anterior face of the theca with the recumbent arms and curved proximal part of the column attached. The actual plate 

ornamentation is not preserved. USNM 245182; (X 1.5). 

3. Posterior face of the theca with the curved proximal part of the column and recumbent arms attached. The pinnules on 

the left arm are preserved lying on the theca. USNM 245183; (X 2). 

4,13. Cupulocrinus sp. (p. K4). 

Both specimens are from USGS locality 5072-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

4. The dorsal cup and proximal parts of the arms (two pieces). USNM 245184; (X 2). 

13. Poorly preserved theca and proximal parts of the arms. USNM 245192; (X 1.5). 

5. Heterocrinus sp. (p. K4). 

Thecal cup with part of the column and the proximal parts of the arms attached. USGS locality 4946-CO, Grier Limestone 

Member, Lexington Limestone. USNM 245185; (X 3). 

6, 9. Hybocrinus tumidus Billings, 1857 (p. K3). 

Two views of a poorly preserved theca. Note the crenulated anal (X) plate in fig. 9. USGS locality 5083-CO, Curdsville 

Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. USNM 245186; (X 2). 

7, 8, 10. Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880 (p. K4). 

Specimens for figs. 7 and 10 from USGS locality 5083-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. Specimen 

for fig. 8 from USGS locality 7785-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

7. Incomplete theca with a prominent radial plate. USNM 245187; (X 2). 

8. Disarticulated radial plate. USNM 245188; (X 2). 

10. Poorly preserved but essentially complete theca; note the radial plate with the arm base. USNM 245189; (X 2). 

11, 12. Carabocrinus sp. (p. K4). 

Both specimens from USGS locality 7785-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

11. Radial plate. USNM 245190; (X 2). 

12. Basal plate. USNM 245191; (X 2). 

14-19. Enoploura cf. E. punctata Bassler, 1932 (p. K2). 

Specimens shown in figs. 14-17 are from USGS locality 6134-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. 

14. Poorly preserved incomplete carapace surface of the theca. USNM 245193; (X 3). 

15. Incomplete carapace surface of the theca. USNM 245194; (X 2.5). 

16. Incomplete theca with poorly preserved internal surface of the plastron face exposed. USNM 245195; (X 3). 

17. Theca with plastron surface exposed, articulating spines and proximal aulacophore attached. The animal is on the inner 

surface of a shell of the brachiopod Rajinesquina. USNM 247881; (X 2.5). 

18. Fragmentary remains of a theca and proximal aulacophore on the undersurface of a shell of the brachiopod 

Rafinesquina. USGS locality 6143-CO, Clays Ferry Formation. USNM 247882; (X 2). 

19. Articulating spine, lateral view. SEM photo. USGS locality 7785-CO, Curdsville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. USNM 247883; (X 18). 

20. Cyclocystoides sp. (p. K5). 

Distal view of a single submarginal plate with two radial ducts. SEM photo. USGS locality 5015-CO, Salvisa Bed, 

Perryville Limestone Member, Lexington Limestone. USNM 247884; (X 23). 
GEOLOGICAL SU RVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1066-K PLATE 1 

AMECYSTIS, AMYGDALOCYSTITES, CUPULOCRINUS, HETEROCRINUS, HYBOCRINUS, HYBOCYSTITES, 

CARABOCRINUS, ENOPLOURA, AND CYCLOCYSTOIDES 
Parsley-ECIDNODTR.MS FROM MIDDLE AND UPPER ORDOVICIAN-ROCKS OF KENTUCKY-Geological Survey Professional Paper 1066-K