Patterns and Trends of Land Use and Land Cover 

on Atlantic and Gulf Coast Barrier Islands

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1156

Patterns and Trends of Land Use and Land Cover 

on Atlantic and Gulf Coast Barrier Islands

By Harry F. Lins, Jr.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESS I ON AL PAPER 1156

UNITED STATES GOVERNME-NT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

H. William Menard, Director

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Lins, Harry F.

Patterns and trends of land use and land cover on Atlantic and Gulf Coast barrier islands.

(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1156)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1156

1. Coastal zone management-United States. 2. Land use-United States. 

I. Title. II. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper; 1156. 

HT392.L55 333.78'4 80-607144 ____________________________

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402
CONTENTS

Page

Preface _______________________________ VII

Abstract ___________________________________________

Introduction ________________________________________

Methodology ________________________________

Data description and regional analysis ___________________

Statistical significance ________________________________

Conclusions _____________________

1

1

2

2

10

11

Page

References ________________________ ___ 12 

Appendices ____________ 13

I Tables (9-27) summarize area values of land use and land 

cover on Atlantic and Gulf coast barrier islands, 

1945-55 and 1972-75, with changes.

II Land use and land cover maps (figs. 2-125) of Atlantic 

and Gulf coast barrier islands, 1972-75.

TABLES

Page

TABLE 1. Land use and land cover classification system for 

use with remotely sensed data _________________

2. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on 

barrier islands for 1945-55, by State ____________

3. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on 

barrier islands for 1972-75, by State ____________

4. Changes in area values of Level I land use and land 

cover on barrier islands between 1945-55 and 

1972-75, by State ___________________________

5. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on 

barrier islands for 1945-55, by regional group ____

6. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on 

barrier islands for 1972-75, by regional group ____

7. Changes in area values of Level I land use and land 

cover on barrier islands between 1945-55 and 

1972-75, by regional group ____________________

8. Statistical significance of land use and land cover 

area changes by regional group ________________

Page

Area values of Level I land use and land cover on Atlantic and 

Gulf Coast barrier islands in 1945-55 and 1972-75, with changes:

9. For 9 barrier islands off the Maine coast ______ 15

For 2 barrier islands off the New Hampshire coast _ 15

For 27 barrier islands off the Massachusetts coast _ 16

For 6 barrier islands off the Rhode Island coast __ 18

For 2 barrier islands off the Connecticut coast ___ 18

For 15 barrier islands off the New York coast ___ 19

For 10 barrier islands off the New Jersey coast __ 20

For 2 barrier islands off the Delaware coast ____ 21

For 2 barrier islands off the Maryland coast ____ 21

For 11 barrier islands off the Virginia coast ____ 22

For 23 barrier islands off the North Carolina coast _ 23

For 34 barrier islands off the South Carolina coast _ 25

For 15 barrier islands off the Georgia coast ____ 27

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

11

For 80 barrier islands off the Florida coast ____ 28

For 5 barrier islands off the Alabama coast ____ 33

For 5 barrier islands off the Mississippi coast ___ 33

For 18 barrier islands off the Louisiana coast ___ 34

For 16 barrier islands off the Texas coast ______ 36 

Summary of changes for all barrier islands in the 8

regional groups ____________________ 37

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE 1. Map of regional groupings of Atlantic and Gulf

coast barrier islands ________________ 6

Indexes to land use and land cover maps (figs. 2-7):

2. Of the New England and New York Bight barrier

islands (figs. 8-27) _________________ 41

3. Of the Mid-Atlantic barrier islands (figs. 28-48) _ 42

4. Of the Mid-Atlantic, Sea Islands, and Florida

Atlantic barrier islands (figs. 49-70) _______ 43

5. Of the Florida Atlantic and Eastern Gulf barrier

islands (figs. 71-95) ________________ 44

6. Of the Eastern Gulf and Louisiana barrier islands

(figs. 96-112) ____________________ 45

7. Of the Texas barrier islands (figs. 113-125) ___ 46

Land use and land cover maps of the New England and New 

York Bight barrier islands (figs. 8-27):

8. Of the coastal area near Bath, Me., with 

associated barrier islands ____________

9. Of the coastal area near Portland, Me., with 

associated barrier islands ____________

10. Of the coastal area near Gloucester, Mass., with 

associated barrier islands ________ __

11. Of the coastal area near Boston, Mass., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

12. Of the coastal area near Plymouth, Mass., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

in

Page

__ 43

44

45

46

47
IV CONTENTS

FIGURE 13. Of the coastal area near Cape Cod, Mass., with

associated barrier islands __________ 48

14. Of the coastal area near Provincetown, Mass.,

with associated barrier islands __________ 49

15. Of the coastal area near Nantucket, Mass., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 50

16. Of the coastal area near Martha's Vineyard,

Mass., with associated barrier islands ______ 51

17. Of the coastal area near New Bedford, Mass., with

associated barrier islands _______ _ 52

18. Of the coastal area near Newport, R. I., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 53

19. Of the coastal area near Mystic, Conn., with

associated barrier islands __________ 54

20. Of the coastal area near New Haven, Conn., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 55

21. Of the coastal area near Bridgeport, Conn, with

associated barrier islands ____________ 56

22. Of the coastal area near New London, Conn., with 

associated barrier islands _ ________________

23. Of the coastal area near Southampton, N.Y., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

24. Of the coastal area near Brookhaven, N.Y., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

25. Of the coastal area near Fire Island, N.Y., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

26. Of the coastal area near Lindenhurst, N.Y., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

27. Of the coastal area near New York, N.Y., with 

associated barrier islands ___________________

57

58

59

60

61

62

Land use and land cover maps of the Mid-Atlantic barrier 

islands (figs. 28-48):

28. Of the coastal area near Sandy Hook, N.J., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 63

29. Of the coastal area near Toms River, N.J., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 64

30. Of the coastal area near Atlantic City, N.J., with

associated barrier islanda ____________ 65

31. Of the coastal area near Ocean City, N.J., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 66

32. Of the coastal area near Rehoboth Beach, Del.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 67

33. Of the coastal area near Ocean City, Md., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 68

34. Of the coastal area near Assateague Island, Md.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 69

35. Of the coastal area near Chincoteague, Va., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 70

36. Of the coastal area near=Cape Charles, Va., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 71

37. Of the coastal area near Virginia Beach, Va., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 72

38. Of the coastal area near Kitty Hawk, N.C., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 73

39» Of the coastal area near Nags Head, N.C., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 74

40. Of the coastal area near Waves, N.C., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 75

41. Of the coastal area near Cape Hatteras, N. C., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 76

FIGURE 42. Of the coastal area near Ocracoke, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____ _________

43. Of the coastal area near Atlantic, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____ _ _____

44. Of the coastal area near Cape Lookout, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands _________________

45. Of the coastal area near Morehead City, N.C. with 

associated barrier islands _______ ____

46. Of the coastal area near Jacksonville, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____ _________

47. Of the coastal area near Hampstead, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____ _________

48. Of the coastal area near Wrightsville Beach, N. C., 

with associated barrier islands __________

Land use and land cover maps of the Mid-Atlantic, Sea Islands, 

and Florida Atlantic barrier islands (figs. 49-70):

49. Of the coastal area near Cape Fear, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands _______________

50. Of the coastal area near Seaside, N.C., with 

associated barrier islands _______ ____

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

Of the coastal area near Georgetown, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 

Of the coastal area near Cape Romain, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands _____________ 

Of the coastal area near Isle of Palms, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 

Of the coastal area near Charleston, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 

Of the coastal area near Edisto Island, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands _______ _____ 

Of the coastal area near Beaufort, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands _______ ____ 

Of the coastal area near Hilton Head, S.C., with 

associated barrier islands ____ _ ____ 

Of the coastal area near Savannah Beach, Ga., 

with associated barrier islands ____ _____ 

Of the coastal area near St. Catherines Island, 

Ga., with associated barrier islands _______

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

Of the coastal area near Sapelo Island, Ga., with 

associated barrier islands __________ 95 

Of the coastal area near Brunswick, Ga., with 

associated barrier islands ____ _ 96 

Of the coastal area near Cumberland Island, Ga., 

with associated barrier islands _________ 97 

Of the coastal area near Fernandina Beach, Fla., 

with associated barrier islands ____ _ 98 

Of the coastal area near Jacksonville, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 99 

Of the coastal area near St. Augustine, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands _______ _ 100 

Of the coastal area near Marineland, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 101 

Of the coastal area near Daytona Beach, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 102 

Of the coastal area near Titusville, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands _______ _ 103 

Of the coastal area near Merritt Island, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 104 

Of the coastal area near Cocoa Beach, Fla., with 

associated barrier islands ____________ 105
CONTENTS

Page

Land use and land cover maps of the Florida and Eastern Gulf 

barrier islands (figs. 71-95):

FIGURE 71. Of the coastal area near Vero Beach, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 106

72. Of the coastal area near Fort Pierce, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 107

73. Of the coastal area near Jupiter, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 108

74. Of the coastal area near West Palm Beach, Fla.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 109

75. Of the coastal area near Boca Raton, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 110

76. Of the coastal area near Fort Lauderdale, Fla.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 111

77. Of the coastal area near Miami, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 112

78. Of the coastal area near Cape Sable, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 113

79. Of the coastal area near Alligator Cove, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 114

80. Of the coastal area near Everglades, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 115

81. Of the coastal area near Marco, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 116

82. Of the coastal area near Naples, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 117

83. Of the coastal area near Fort Meyers, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 118

84. Of the coastal area near Venice, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 119

85. Of the coastal area near Sarasota, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 120

86. Of the coastal area near St. Petersburg, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 121

87. Of the coastal area near Tarpon Springs, Fla.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 122

88. Of the coastal area near Chassahowitzka, Fla.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 123

89. Of the coastal area near Cedar Key, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 124

90. Of the coastal area near Panacea, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 125

91. Of the coastal area near Saint Teresa, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 126

92. Of the coastal area near Carrabelle, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 127

93. Of the coastal area near Apalachicola, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 128

94. Of the coastal area near Port St. Joe, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 129

95. Of the coastal area near Panama City, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 130

Land use and land cover maps of the Eastern Gulf and Louisiana 

barrier islands (figs. 96-112):

96. Of the coastal area near Fort Walton Beach, Fla.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 131

97. Of the coastal area near Mary Esther, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 132

FIGURE 98. Of the coastal area near Pensacola, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ___________ 133

99. Of the coastal area near Warrington, Fla., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 134

100. Of the coastal area near Gulf Shores, Ala., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 135

101. Of the coastal area near Dauphin Island, Ala. with

associated barrier islands ____________ 136

102. Of the coastal area near Pascagoula, Miss., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 137

103. Of the coastal area near Biloxi, Miss., with

associated barrier islands ___________ 138

104. Of the coastal area near Gulfport, Miss., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 139

105. Of the coastal area near Chandeleur Islands, La.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 140

106. Of the coastal area near Breton Island, La.,

associated barrier islands ____________ 141

107. Of the coastal area near Venice, La., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 142

108. Of the coastal area near Pilottown, La., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 143

109. Of the coastal area near Grand Isle, La., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 144

110. Of the coastal area near Caminada Pass, La., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 145

111. Of the coastal area near Leeville, La., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 146

112. Of the coastal area near Isles Dernieres, La., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 147

Land use and land cover maps of the Texas barrier islands 

(figs. 113-125):

113. Of the coastal area near Galveston Island, Tex.,

with associated barrier islands __________ 148

114. Of the coastal area near Jamaica Beach, Tex.,

with associated barrier islands __________ 149

115. Of the coastal area near Freeport, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ____ _ 150

116. Of the coastal area near Matagorda, Tex., with

associated barrier islands _______ 151

117. Of the coastal area near Palacios, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ______ _ 152

118. Of the coastal area near Port O'Connor, Tex., with

associated barrier islands _________ __ 153

119. Of the coastal area near Austwell, Tex., with

associated barrier islands _________ __ 154

120. Of the coastal area near Corpus Christi, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 155

121. Of the coastal area near Laguna Vista, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 156

122. Of the coastal area near GrifRns Point, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 157

123. Of the coastal area near Lopena, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 158

124. Of the coastal area near Padre Island South, Tex.,

with associated barrier islands _________ 159

125. Of the coastal area near Port Isabel, Tex., with

associated barrier islands ____________ 160
Group 1 New England:

(Sheepscot, Me., to Long Beach, Mass.) 

Group 2 New York Bight:

(Sandy Neck, Mass., to Rockaway, N. Y.) 

Group 3 Mid-Atlantic:

(Sandy Hook, N. J., to North Is., S. C.) 

Group 4 Sea Islands:

(South Is., S. C. to Cumberland Is., Ga.) 

Group 5 Florida Atlantic:

(Amelia Is., Fla., to Key Biscayne, Fla.) 

Group 6 Eastern Gulf Coast:

(Cape Sable, Fla., to Cat Is., Miss.) 

Group 7 Louisiana:

(Chandeleur Is., La., to Isles Dernieres, La.) 

Group 8 Texas:

(Bolivar Peninsula, Tex., to Brazos Is., Tex.) New York Bight

Mid-Atlantic

Florida Atlantic

0 200 400 600 KILOMETERS

REGIONAL GROUPINGS OF ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS
PREFACE

Reconciling the conflicts arising from alternative uses 

of natural resources is one of the preeminent problems 

facing the United States now. It is only through 

cooperation between Federal, regional, State and local 

agencies, that this problem can be addressed effectively. 

In the 1960's and early 1970's the Federal government 

took numerous legislative steps toward promoting such 

cooperation. The Coastal Zone Management Act is a 

prime example. In his May 1977 Environmental 

Message to Congress, President Carter stated "Intelligent stewardship of the environment on behalf of all 

Americans is a prime responsibility of government. Congress has in the past carried out its share of this duty 

well so well, in fact, that the primary need today is not 

for new comprehensive statutes but for sensitive administration and energetic enforcement of the ones we 

have. Environmental protection is no longer just a 

legislative job, but one that requires and will now 

receive firm and unsparing support from the Executive 

Branch." The scope of this commitment is vast and 

covers the preservation of wilderness, wildlife, natural 

and historical resources, and concerns the effects of 

pollution, toxic chemicals, and potential damage caused 

by energy resource extraction.

One of the specific problems considered by the Carter 

administration is the uncontrolled, and often hazardous, 

development on coastal barrier islands. Within the 

Department of the Interior a work group was established in 1977 to develop an effective plan for protecting the 

barrier island resource. This group was composed of 

specialists from various disciplines, agencies, and institutional levels. With only one year alloted to prepare 

its plan, the work group utilized existing data bases 

from the operational programs of participating agencies. The data in this report, which are from the U.S. 

Geological Survey's nationwide land use and land cover 

mapping program, represent the USGS contribution to 

the barrier island study. Thus, this report indicates the 

commitment of the U.S. Geological Survey to applying 

earth science information to environmental management and problem-solving.

Since data are primarily being presented for analysis, 

rather than as being analyzed in this report, the text has 

been kept brief by summarizing why and how the data 

were prepared, what statistical significance these data 

have, and finally, by a general discussion of regional patterns. The basic land use and land cover data are compiled in two appendices: the one tabular of area statistics

by individual barrier island; and the other one 

graphic of sections of the 1972-75, l:250,000-scale 

USGS open-file land use and land cover maps showing 

the barrier islands and adjacent coastal land. Using this 

format, a complete, although generalized, data set on 

barrier island land use and land cover conditions and 

trends is presented herein for use in resource and environmental analysis.

Care should be exercised in the interpretation and use 

of the land use and land cover area values. Any limitation in the utility of these data results from several factors characteristic of the photointerpretation and area 

measurement techniques used. For example, the 

1945-55 data were derived from unrectified aerial 

photographs. Without planimetric control, measurements made from these photographs contain inherent 

geometric inaccuracies. Similarly, the planimeter 

technique used in measuring the area of each land use 

and land cover category may contain a degree of inaccuracy. Also, there are "selectivity" errors intrinsic to 

mapping limitations necessarily specified for any land 

use and land cover classification system. A prime example is minimum mapping sizes. Using the criteria applied 

to Geological Survey maps, a beach 10 miles long and 

500 feet wide will not appear on the maps because the 

USGS rule is that linear features must be at least 660 

feet wide in order to be mapped. Similarly, some small 

residential or commercial areas will go unmapped since 

the minimum mapping unit for all urban or built-up 

areas is 10 acres. Thus, a small housing development (15 

to 20 houses on 7 or 8 acres) built along the primary 

dune line would be mapped as beach, and appear in the 

area summary as part of the barren land acreage.

Several other problems complicated the compilation of 

the land use and land cover data. The boundary of each 

barrier island, for example, was not precisely delineated 

by the Department of the Interior work group. In some 

cases the barrier islands were actually barrier beaches, 

with no distinct landward boundary. In such instances 

arbitrary delineations had to be made by the land use 

data compilers. Since the photographs used for the 

1945-55 data were of lesser optical quality than the 

1972-75 data, consistent boundary determinations between the two time periods, for each barrier island, 

were often not possible. This frequently resulted in 

differences in the total area of barrier islands between 

the two time periods. In many cases these differences 

were insignificant, but in others they might be quite

VII
VIII PREFACE

significant. It should be recognized, therefore, that a 

difference in the total area of a barrier island between 

these two time periods is not necessarily attributable entirely to actual land area change.

Similarly, area differences could result from variations in tidal conditions between the two periods. It is 

possible that the 1945 55 photographs were obtained 

during high tide and the 1972-75 photographs during 

low tide, or vice versa. Although this may have a small 

effect on the measured area for most islands, in some 

cases (where there is a high tidal range or a low beach 

profile) it may be significant.

Clearly, problems and differences like those stated

above make difficult tfee precise measurement of land 

use and land cover acreage at two points in time. With 

all such factors operating simultaneously, the area 

measurement task is a complex one, and the acreage 

values obtained are inexact. Nevertheless, the author 

believes that the percentage values of land in each 

category reflect the true surface condition.

Several members of the U.S. Geological Survey made 

substantial contributions to this report. Karen Letke, 

Robert DeAngelis, Thomas Johnson, and David Wolf 

compiled and planimetered the 1945-55 land use and 

land cover maps. George Rosenfield provided the 

statistical method by which the data were analyzed.
PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON 

ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS

By Harry F. Lins, Jr.

ABSTRACT

Data prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's nationwide 

land use and land cover mapping program have been applied to a 

Federal study designed to provide recommendations to the President 

on methods for protecting undeveloped coastal barrier islands. These 

land use and land cover data covered two time periods, 1945-55 and 

1972-75, and included information on intervening changes. They were 

used by the Federal study group in an inventory and assessment of 

developed and undeveloped barrier islands. In addition, state and 

regional summaries were prepared to facilitate area analysis. Based on 

the 1972-75 data, several general patterns of land use and land cover 

were discerned along the Atlantic and Gulf coast barrier islands. 

Wetlands were found to cover nearly one-half of the total area of all 

barrier islands. Urban and built-up land, and barren land each occupied 

almost 14 percent of the total area, while forest land covered about 10 

percent. In combination, these four categories accounted for nearly 90 

percent of the total 1972-75 barrier island land area. Changes in land 

use and land cover between 1945-55 and 1972-75 were significant 

along the entire coastline from Maine to Texas. With the exception of 

urban or built-up land, all categories of land use and land cover 

decreased between the two time periods. Urban or built-up land increased by nearly 140,000 acres, while wetlands, the category most affected by this urban growth, declined by almost 80,000 acres.

INTRODUCTION

On May 23, 1977 President Carter presented a broad 

and comprehensive environmental message to the Congress (Carter, 1977). The President proposed actions to 

control pollution and protect health, assure environmentally sound energy development, improve the urban environment, protect natural resources, preserve national 

heritage, protect wildlife, affirm our concern for the 

global environment, and improve the implementation of 

environmental laws. As part of his plan for protecting 

natural resources the President specifically included 

coastal barrier islands when he said:

Coastal barrier islands are a fragile buffer between the wetlands and 

the sea. The 189 barrier islands on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts are an 

integral part of an ecosystem which helps protect inland areas from 

flood waves and hurricanes. Many of them are unstable and not suited 

for development, yet in the past the federal government has subsidized 

and insured new construction on them. Eventually, we can expect 

heavy economic losses from this shortsighted policy.

About 68 coastal barrier islands are still unspoiled. Because I believe 

these remaining natural islands should be protected from unwise 

development, I am directing the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Council on Environmental 

Quality, state and local officials of coastal areas, to develop an effective 

plan for protecting the islands.

His report should include recommendations for action to achieve this 

purpose. 1

In following the President's directive, the Secretary of 

the Interior established the Barrier Island Work Group 

consisting of representatives from the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (HCRS, formerly the 

Bureau of Outdoor Recreation), the Fish and Wildlife 

Service (FWS), the National Park Service (NPS), the 

Office of Coastal Zone Management (OCZM), the Council 

on Environmental Quality (CEQ), and the Barrier Island 

Coalition (a consortium of private conservation 

organizations), with the Heritage Conservation and 

Recreation Service functioning as lead agency. The 

Geological Survey was subsequently invited to participate by the HCRS through the Secretary of the Interior and the Assistant Secretary for Energy and 

Minerals.

The work group's mandate included the development 

of protection methods, and recommendations for their 

implementation. This requred detailed scientific and 

resource information on each barrier island, in addition 

to an evaluation of the numerous possible legal forms of 

protection. The group's first step was to separate those 

islands which were developed from those undeveloped 

or unspoiled. The undeveloped islands then had to be 

separated into protected and unprotected classes. A barrier island classification system was established with 

Category I, developed; Category II, undeveloped and 

unprotected; and Category III, protected. This 

classification system formed the basis for protection 

planning.

Island categorization (developed versus undeveloped) 

could most easily be determined by using recent iuformation on land use and land cover. The U.S. Geological 

Survey was asked to provide these data, which were being compiled as part of its nationwide land use and land 

cover mapping program. Since the Geological Survey

1 Although the President's message specified 189 barrier islands, the total number of islands 

included in the resulting study was 282, reflecting broader definitional guidelines established 

by the work group.
PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON BARRIER ISLANDS

had given priority to the mapping of coastal areas in the 

preceding three years, nearly all of the Atlantic and Gulf 

coastal barrier islands had been mapped before the 

HCRS request.

In addition to providing land use and land cover 

statistics for the 1972-75 period for use in determining 

the developed state of barrier islands, an assessment of 

land use and land cover changes on the barrier islands 

was also made. The purpose of this absessment was to 

provide data on the location, types, and magnitude of 

land use and land cover changes on barrier islands which 

could be used as a guide for estimating future trends in 

land use change.

METHODOLOGY

The barrier island land use and land cover area 

statistics depict land conditions for both 1945-55 and 

1972-75, and the attendant changes between these two 

time periods. These data are presented as Appendix I. 

Sections of the maps, from which the 1972-75 data were 

compiled, are presented as Appendix II. The area values 

of land use and land cover were determined from two 

series of maps that had been compiled from remotely 

sensed data.

This study was initiated with land use and land cover 

information being interpreted from, and mapped directly on, a series of 1945-55 aerial photographic indices. 2 

This interpretation was based on the Level I categories 

of the USGS classification system designed specifically 

for use with remotely sensed data (Anderson and others, 

1976) (table 1). Area measurements of land use and land 

cover on each barrier island were then compiled using 

an electronic digitizer as a planimeter.

A similar technique was then used to compile the 

statistical data for the 1972-75 period. Maps were not 

compiled, however, since mapped data were already 

available for this time period from the Geological 

Survey's nationwide land use and land cover mapping 

program. These maps, compiled from remotely sensed 

data using the Level II categories of the USGS 

classification system, were similar to the maps of the 

1945-55 period. To facilitate comparisons between the 

two time periods, however, all data were recorded at 

Level I.

Because of the dissimilarities in the aerial 

photographs for the two time periods, and the medium 

to small mapping scales used (approximately 1:63,360 

for 1945-55, and 1:250,000 for 1972-75), the accuracy of 

the Appendix I data varies. This problem is complicated 

by the 10-acre minimum mapping unit used in compiling 

both sets of maps. Some land features, such as pocket 

beaches, wooded parcels, and residential areas are often

2 These data included USGS photo indices (scale 1:62,500 to 1:68,500) and high-altitude black 

and white photographs (1:30,000 and 1:60,000), Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation 

Service (ASCS) photo indices (1:63,360) and black and white photographs (1:20,000), Soil Conservation Service (SCS) photo indices (1:63,360), and National Ocean Survey (NOS) black and 

white photographs (1:10,000 and 1:20,000).

TABLE 1. Land use and land cover classification system for 

use with remotely sensed data

[Single-digit classes (boldface type) represent Level I categories; two-digit classes (lightface) 

represent Level II categories]

1 . Urban or Built-up Land

11. Residential

12. Commercial and Services

13. Industrial

14. Transportation, Communications and Utilities

15. Industrial and Commercial Complexes

16. Mixed Urban or Built-up Land

17. Other Urban or Built-up Land

2. Agricultural Land

21. Cropland and Pasture

22. Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries, and Ornamental 

Horticultural Areas

23. Confined Feeding Operations

24. Other Agricultural Land

3. Rangeland

31. Herbaceous Rangeland

32. Shrub and Brush Rangeland

33. Mixed Rangeland

4. Forest Land

41. Deciduous Forest Land

42. Evergreen Forest Land

43. Mixed Forest Land

5. Water

51. Streams and Canals

52. Lakes

53. Reservoirs

54. Bays and Estuaries

6. Wetland

61. Forested Wetland

62. Nonforested Wetland

7. Barren Land

71. Dry Salt Flats

72. Beaches

73. Sandy Areas other than Beaches

74. Bare Exposed Rock

75. Strip Mines, Quarries, and Gravel Pits

76. Transitional Areas

77. Mixed Barren Land

8. Tundra

81. Shrub and Brush Tundra

82. Herbaceous Tundra

83. Bare Ground Tundra

84. Wet Tundra

85. Mixed Tundra

9. Perennial Snow or Ice

91. Perennial Snowfields

92. Glaciers

smaller than 10 acres and thus are not mapped, 

resulting in inaccurate area values.

DATA DESCRIPTION AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS

In addition to the compilation of area statistics of land 

use and land cover by individual barrier island, state 

summaries of these data were also prepared for the Barrier Island Work Group (tables 2-4). The State summaries were useful to the work group in two ways. First,
DATA DESCRIPTION AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS 

TABLE 2. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on barrier islands, 1945-1955, by State

[Acres in thousands (boldface type); percents below (lightface) ; dashes (___) indicate negligible or no mapping data available;

category not applicable]

NA indicates

Island location by State

Maine _ _ _ _ _ _

New Hampshire __ 

Massachusetts - _ 

Rhode Island _ _ _

Connecticut _ __

New York _

New Jersey _ _ _

Delaware __

Maryland _ _ _ _

Virginia _ _ _

North Carolina _ _ 

South Carolina _ _ 

Georgia _ _

Florida _ _

Alabama

Mississippi

Louisiana

Texas

Totals: All States

Urban or builtup land

593

36.0

_ 467 

46.1 

- 4,519

13.2

770

23.3 

264

21.5 

- 8,140

27.2 

_ 17,746

37.4 

- 1,507

15.0 

820

6.8

- 5,862 

3.9 

- 1,654 

1.1 

- 5,161

3.0 

oo nn7

6.2

NA

NA 

- 1,651

4.5 

9,246

2.5 

_ 90,410

5.5

Agricultural 

land

TVA

NA

NA 

NA 

11 

0.1 

184

5.5

NA

NA

OK Q

1.2

88

0.2 

101

1.0

TV A

NA

NA 

NA 

9,766 

6.3

1 11 K

0.7

3

AC7

0.6

NA

NA

TVA

NA

TVA

NA 

65

0.02 

14,746 

0.9

Rang eland

1 AE

6.4

NA 

NA 

4,793 

14.0

1KO

4.6

TVA

NA 

1,524

5.1

TV A

NA 

NA

NA 

TV A

NA 

NA

NA

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

4,724

2.8 

^Q^

0.1

NA

NA 

TVA

NA

CO 1 97

23.6 

101,019 

6.1

Forest land,

206

12.5

NA 

NA 

1,310 

3.8 

74

2.2

MA

NA 

2,228

7.5 

1,323

2.8 

696

6.9 

484

4.0 

3,360

5.0

14,148

9.4 

26,133 

16.9 

43,577

25.4 

69,505

13.5 

4,301

16.2

-0-

0.0

TVA

NA 

816

02 

168,161 

10.2

Water bodies

NA 

NA 

528 

1.5 

243

7.3

MA

NA

OC7

1.2 

1,603

3.4 

114

1.1 

100

0.9 

2,554

3.8

1,118 

0.9 

1,731 

1.1 

3,297

1.9

7C 700

14.7 

3,398

12.8

NA

NA 

1,419

3.8 

9,508

2.5 

101,992

6.2

Wetland

531

32.2

546 

53.9 

9,608 

28.0 

1,334

40.1

778

63.4 

7,455

25.0 

15,701

33.2 

5,711

56.6 

6,413

53.3 

51,703

768

88,925 

58.8 

107,802 

69.6 

106,786

62.3 

281,186

54.6 

13,288

50.2

5,946

61.4 

?fi 447

71.2

187,855

49.8 

918,015 

55.6

Barren land

213

12.9

NA 

NA 

13,511 

39.4 

566

17.0 

185

15.1 

9,813

32.8 

10,881

23.0 

1,957

19.4 

4,208

35.0 

9,398

14.0

40,812 

27.0 

7,792 

5.0 

6,774

3.9 

52,835

10.3 

5,494

20.8

3,732

38.6 

7,611

20.5 

80,545

21.4 

256,357

15.5

Total acres

1,648

1,013 

34,280 

3,327

1,227

29,875

47,342

10,086

12,025

67,015

151,195

154,878 

171,435

514,905

26,481

9,678

37,128

377,162

1,650,700

many State-level agencies provided information in the 

form of State summaries. Similarly, cooperating 

Federal agencies supplied data which were aggregated 

by State. The State summaries of land use and land 

cover information were, therefore, more easily correlated with these other data sets. Second, a major part 

of the work group's investigation focused on barrier 

island protection. Since the legal protection of land involves a consideration of ownership that, in turn, often 

involves State law, it was expedient to have the land use 

and land cover data summarized by State.

Several distinct patterns of land use and land cover 

can be quickly discerned from table 3. For example, 

Florida had the largest barrier island area in 1972-75, 

with more than one-half million acres. Barrier islands in 

Florida also had the largest area in urban or built-up 

land with nearly 102,000 acres. This value represents 

nearly 20 percent of the total barrier island area within 

the state and about 6 percent of the total or built-up area

on all barrier islands of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 

New Hampshire, in contrast with Florida, has the 

smallest barrier island area, just under 1,100 acres, with 

a little less than 800 acres or 72 percent urbanized. Urban or built-up land is found on the barrier islands of 

every state along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts except 

Mississippi. Its five islands, all located offshore, are only 

accessible from the mainland by boat. Moreover, The 

Mississippi islands are in a natural, undeveloped condition with about 61 percent of their area in wetland, 37 

percent in barren land (beaches and dunes), and nearly 2 

percent in forest land.

Wetland is the only land use and land cover category 

consistently found on the barrier islands of every State 

(table 3). Composing about half of the total barrier island 

land area, wetland varies from less than 15 percent in 

Maine to more than 67 percent in Virginia.

Barren land, another ubiquitous category, occupies 

slightly more area than urban or built-up land (approx-
4 PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON BARRIER ISLANDS

TABLE 3. Arete values of Level I land use and land cover on barrier islands, 1972-1975, by State

[Acres in thousands (boldface type); percents below (lightface) ; dashes (___) indicate negligible or no mapping data available;

category not applicable]

NA indicates

Island location by State Urban or built- Agricultural

up land land Rangeland Forest land Water bodies Wetland Barren land Total acres

Maine

New Hampshire _ _ 

Massachusetts __ 

Rhode Island _ _

New York

"Wpw TPVCIPV

Maryland _ _

Virginia _ -

North Carolina ____ 

South Carolina ____

Florida _ _

Alabama _ _

Mississippi _

Louisiana

Texas

Totals: All States _

1,165

71.8

780 

72.1 

8,128 

21.5 

1,226

34.8 

576

42.4 

11,578

35.0 

22,719

47.4 

2,956

29.2 

1,848

13.7 

1,144

1.6 

21,625 

14.0 

13,081 

8.5 

8,436

4.9 

101,988

19.7 

5,273

18.7

NA

NA 

6,746

17.5 

19,410

5.3 

228,679 

13.6

NA

NA

NA 

NA 

70 

0.2 

246

7.0

NA

NA 

273

0.8 

358

0.8 

26

0.2

NA

NA 

51

0.1 

NA 

NA 

5,152 

3.3 

1,459

0.9 

2,437

0.5

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

88

0.02 

10,160

0.6

NA 

NA 

4,454 

11.8 

153

4.3

NA

NA 

1,580

4.8

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

3,930

2.3 

1,260

0.2 

2,130

7.5

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

85,305

23.5 

98,812 

5.9

84

5.2

NA 

NA 

1,220 

3.2 

162

4.6

NA

NA 

1,508

4.5 

627

1.3 

64

0.6 

651

4.8 

4,487

6.5 

11,769 

7.6 

24,994 

16.2 

42,375

24.7 

56,001

10.8 

6,951

24.8 

179

1.8

NA

NA 

1,152

0.3 

152,224

9.1

NA 

NA 

582 

1.5 

213

6.0

NA

NA 

550

1.7 

1,824

3.8 

262

2.6 

160

1.2 

2,327

3.3 

1,224 

0.8 

2,178 

1.4 

3,903

2.3 

73,769

14.2 

3,123

11.0

NA

NA 

1,504

3.9 

9,631

2.7 

101,250

6.0

239

14.7

301

27.9 

8,900 

23.6 

1,430

40.6 

563

41.5 

7,368

22.4 

13,255

27.6 

4,115

40.7 

5,975

44.3 

46,404

67.5 

78,202 

50.5 

100,949 

65.3 

103,551

60.3 

244,791

47.1 

6,687

23.7 

5,964

61.4 

24,030

62.4 

186,158

51.2

838,882 

50.0

134

8.3

NA 

NA 

14,407 

38.2 

94

2.7 

218

16.1 

10,171

30.7 

9,172

19.1 

2,688

26.7 

4,850

36.0 

14,505

21.0 

42,057 

27.6 

8,234 

5.3 

7,944

4.6

38,687

7.5 

4,049

14.3 

3,584

36.8 

6,238

16.2 

82,209

21.0 

249,241

14.8

1,622

1,081 

37,761 

3,524

1,357

33,028

47,955

10,111

13,484

68,918

154,877 

154,588 

171,598

518,933

28,213

9,727

38,518

383,953

1,679,248

imately 249,000 acres). Almost all barren land occurs 

naturally as beaches or dunes. There are, however, some 

cases where barren land appears as transitional or "fill" 

areas, and these are characteristically found along the 

back-bay margins of barrier islands, marking sites of 

planned urban or built-up development. Such areas are 

observable in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, 

Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Florida 

especially on the Gulf coast side.

Land use and land cover changes between 1945-55 

and 1972-75 on the barrier islands of Atlantic and Gulf 

coast states have been diverse, reflecting varying social, 

economic, and political influences. Certain trends, 

have been uniform (table 4). Urban or built-up land, for 

example, has increased on barrier islands in every state 

except Mississippi, which has no urban land, and usually 

by dramatic proportions. Florida's urbanized land increased by nearly 70,000 acres, North Carolina's by 

more than 15,000 acres, and South Carolina's by more

than 11,000 acres; however, Connecticut and New 

Hampshire's urbanized area increased by only 300 acres 

each. Most of this increase has been oriented toward 

recreation and second home development, although in 

Louisiana a part of the urban trend was commercial and 

industrial, in support of the development of offshore 

energy resources.

With the exception of small increases in Rhode Island 

and Mississippi, wetland area decreased considerably in 

all states between 1945-55 and 1972-75, for a total loss 

of 80,000 acres. Barren also decreased, by more than 

7,100 but this was not in a uniform pattern. In some 

states Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, 

Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South 

Carolina,Georgia, and Texas barren land actually increased primarily as a result of increased transitional 

land area. Most of these gains, however, were each less 

than 1,200 acres, although Texas was nearly 1,700, and 

were readily offset by the sizeable losses in the other
DATA DESCRIPTION AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS

TABLE 4. Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover on barrier islands between 1945-55 and 1972-75, by State

[Acres in thousands (boldface type); percents below (lightface) ; dashes (___) indicate negligible or no mapping data available; NA indicates

category not applicable]

Changes 

mapped

Island location by State Urban or built- Agricultural Rangeland Forest land Water bodies Wetland Barren land between 

up land land 1945-55

and 1972-75

Maine ________ +572 NA -105 -122

+ 96.0 NA -100.0 -59.0

New Hampshire _ +313 NA NA NA

+ 67.0 NA NA NA

Massachusetts __ +3,609 +59 -339 -90

+ 80.0 +536.0 -7.0 -7.0

Rhode Island ___ +453 +62 ___ +88

+ 59.0 +34.0 ___ +119.0

Connecticut _____ +312 NA NA NA

+ 118.0 NA NA NA

New York _____ +3,438 -85 +56 -720

+ 42.0 -24.0 +4.0 -32.0

New Jersey ____ +4,973 +270 NA -696

+ 28.0 +307.0 NA -53.0

Delaware ______ +1,449 -75 NA -632

+ 96.0 -74.0 NA -91.0

Maryland ______ +1,028 NA NA +167

+ 125.0 NA NA +35.0

Virginia _______ +1,144 +51 NA +1,127

+ + NA +34.0

North Carolina __ +15,763 NA NA -2,379

+ 269.0 NA NA -17.0

South Carolina __ +11,427 -4,614 NA -1,139

+ 691.0 -47.0 NA -4.0

Georgia _______ +3,275 +343 -794 -1,202

+ 63.0 +31.0 -17.0 -3.0

Florida _______ +67,981 -620 +667 -13,504

+ 219.0 -20.0 +112.0 -19.0

Alabama _______ +5,273 NA +2,130 +2,650

+ NA + +62.0

Mississippi _____ NA NA NA +179

NA NA NA +

Louisiana _____ +5,095 NA NA NA

+ 309.0 NA NA NA

Texas _________ +10,164 +23 -3,822 +336

+ 110.0 +35.0 -4.0 +41.0

TOTALS ___ +138,269 -4,586 -2,207 -15,937

+ 153.0 -31.0 -2.0 -10.0

NA 

NA

+ 54

+ 10

-30

-12.0

NA

NA 

+ 193 

+ 54.0 

+ 221 

+ 14.0

+ 148 

+ 56.0 

+ 60 

+ 60.0

-227 

-9.0

-194

-14.0 

+ 447

+ 26.0 

+ 606

+ 18.0

-1,953

-3.0

-8.0 

NA 

NA 

+ 85

+ 6.0 

+ 123

+ 1.0

-742

-0.7

-292

-55.0

-245

-45.0

-708

-7.0 

+ 96 

+ 7.0

-215

-28.0

-87

-1.0

-2,447

-16.0

-1,596

-28.0

-438

-7.0

-5,299

-10.0

-10,723

-12.0

-6,853

-6.0

-3,235

-3.0

-36,395

-13.0

-6,601

-50.0 

+ 18 

+ 0.3

-2,417

-9.0

-1,697

-1.0

-79,133

-9.0

-79

-37.0

+ 896 

+ 7.0

-472

-83.0

+ 33

+ 18.0

+ 358

+ 4.0

-16.0 

+ 731 

+ 37.0 

+ 642

+ 15.0 

+ 5,107

+ 54.0 

+ 1,215

+ 3.0 

+ 442

+ 6.0 

+ 1,170 

+ 17.0

-14,148

-27.0 

-1,445

-26.0 

-148

-4.0

-18.0 

+ 1,664 

+ 2.0

-7,116

-3.0

-26

-2.0 

+ 68 

+ 7.0 

+ 3,481 

+ 10.0 

197 

+ 6.0 

+ 130 

+ 11.0 

+ 3,153 

+ 11.0 

+ 613

+ 1.0 

+ 25

+ 0.2 

+ 1,459

+ 12.0 

+ 1,903

+ 3.0 

+ 3,682

+ 2.0 

-290

-0.2 

+ 163

+ 0.09 

+ 4,028 

+ 1.0

'+7.0 

+ 49

+ 0.5 

+ 1,390

+ 4.0 

+ 6,791

+ 2.0

+ 28,548 

+ 2.0

states. Florida, for example, lost more than 14,000 acres 

of barren land, New Jersey over 1,700, and Alabama 

more than 1,400 acres.

For regional and environmental analysis of barrier 

island land use and land cover data, a systematic morphological grouping based primarily on barrier island 

geological and geomorphological characteristics, and 

following in part the coastal classification work of Dolan 

and others (1975) was prepared. Eight regional groups 

were delineated along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (fig. 

1). Each has a different set of shoreline configurations, 

composition, and dynamic properties. The land use and 

land cover data, summarized according to this 

regionalization, appear in tables 5 to 7. A description of 

each regional group follows.

Group 1, consisting of 21 New England barrier 

islands, is located between Sheepscot, Me., and Long

Beach, Mass. (App. II, figs. 8-12). The shoreline 

characteristics of this coastal region vary from rocky in 

Maine, to sandy pocket beaches in Massachusetts. The 

coastline throughout is essentially low-cliffed and composed primarily of older resistant rocks (Putnam and 

others, 1960). The 1972-75 data show 18 islands of this 

group with some level of urban development, 13 of them 

being more than 50 percent urbanized, and 4 of 

them, Pine Point, Goose Creek, Wells Beach, and Nantasket Beach totally, or 100 percent, urbanized.

This high degree of urbanization is influenced by 

several conditions. First, barrier islands are aethestically desirable for recreation and residence. Although 

these two societal factors exert considerable development pressure on all barrier islands, that pressure is 

strongly felt in the New England group where all 21 

islands total a relatively small 14,769 acres. The size
PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON BARRIER ISLANDS

REGIONAL GROUPINGS OF ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS

Group 1 New England:

(Sheepscot, Me., to Long Beach, Mass.) 

Group 2 New York Bight:

(Sandy Neck, Mass., to Rockaway, N. Y.) 

Group 3 Mid-Atlantic:

(Sandy Hook, N. J., to North Is., S. C.) 

Group 4 Sea Islands:

(South Is., S. C. to Cumberland Is., Ga.) 

Group 5 Florida Atlantic:

(Amelia Is., Fla., to Key Biscayne, Fla.) 

Group 6 Eastern Gulf Coast:

(Cape Sable, Fla., to Cat Is., Miss.) 

Group 7 Louisiana:

(Chandeleur Is., La., to Isles Dernieres, La. 

Group 8 Texas:

(Bolivar Peninsula, Tex., to Brazos Is., Tex.)

200 400 600 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 1. Regional groupings of Atlantic and Gulf coast barrier islands.

becomes even more critical when the area is further 

influenced by proximity to large coastal cities. Most of 

these Group 1 barrier islands are located near Bath, 

Portland, Portsmouth, and Boston, and are linked to 

these cities by a good transportation network. Finally, 

the relatively stable geomorphological nature of these

islands enhances their suitability for development, 

thereby attracting people who might otherwise choose 

to build in safer areas.

Approximately 43 percent, or nearly 6,300 acres, of 

the total New England group area is urban or built-up 

land (table 6). Wetland accounts for 30 percent or nearly
DATA DESCRIPTION AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS 7 

TABLE 5. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on barrier islands for 1945-55, by regional group

[Acres in thousand (boldface type); percents below (lightface) ; dashes (___) indicate negligible or no mapping data available; NA indicates

category not applicable]

Island location by group

New England

New York Bight _ 

Mid-Atlantic

Sea Islands

Florida Atlantic

Eastern Gulf CoastTexas

TOTALS

Urban or builtup land

4,279

31.3

10,477 

18.2 

26,234

8.7 

6,516

2.1 

22,646

15.4

9,361 

2.3 

1,651

45 

9,246

2.5 

90,410

5.5

Agricultural 

land

553

1.0 

189

0.1 

10,882

3.5 

3,057

2.2

NA 

NA 

NA

NA 

65

0.02 

14,746

0.9

Rangeland

105

0.8

6,470 

1.2

NA

NA 

4,724

1.5

593

0.1

NA

NA 

89,127

?3.6 

101,019

6.1

Forest land

726

5.3

3,092 

5.4 

20,599

6.8 

69,122

22.2 

45,071

30.7

28,735 

7.2

NA

NA 

816

0.2 

168,161

10.2

Water bodies

1,128 

1.9 

6,421

2.1 

4,396

1.4 

749

0.5

78,371 

19.4 

1,419

3.8 

9,508

2.5 

101,992

6.2

Wetland

5,627

41.2

14,625 

253 

179,341

59.3 

203,700

65.4 

54,088

36.8

246,332

60.9 

26,447

71.2 

187,855

49.8 

918,015

55.6

Barren land

2,935

21.4

21,353

37.0 

69,723

23.0 

12,129

3.9 

21,130

14.4

40,931

10.1 

7,611

20.5 

80,545

21.4 

256,357

15.5

Total acres

13,672

57,698 

302,507

311,469

146,741

404,323 

37,128

377,162

1,650,700

4,500 acres of the group area, barren land 22 percent or 

a little more than 3,200 acres (primarily beaches), and 

forest land 5 percent or nearly 800 acres. Between 

1945-55 and 1972-75 the predominant land use and land 

cover trend on the New England barrier islands was 

toward an increase in urban land of 47 percent, or a little 

over 2,000 acres. This urbanization was primarily at the 

expense of wetland, which diminished by 21 percent or 

nearly 1,200 acres.

Group 2, the New York Bight barrier islands, is a quite 

different island group morphologically. Stretching from 

Sandy Neck, Mass., to Rockaway, N.Y. (App. II, figs. 

12-27), this group is a remnant of Pleistocene glaciation, composed of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits (King 

and Beikman, 1974). The coastal zone adjacent to the 

New York Bight is hilly, with moderate local relief and

gentle slopes. The barrier island shorelines are primarily 

of sandy beach form, although some are characterized 

by pocket beaches (Putnam and others, 1960). With a 

total area of nearly 64,000 acres in the 40 islands, 24 

evidence some urban development, 9 are more than 50 

percent urbanized, and 2 Madaket and North 

Haven are totally urbanized.

Although the Group 2 islands had over 17,000 acres of 

urban or built-up land in 1972-75 (nearly three times 

that in Group 1; see table 6), this acreage corresponded 

to 27 percent of the total group area, much less than the 

43 percent value in Group 1. One reason for this is that 

several of the Group 2 islands are physically isolated so 

access is limited. Muskeget, Nashawena, Cuttyhunk, 

and Block Islands, as well as parts of Martha's Vineyard 

and Nantucket, are good examples. Another reason is

TABLE 6. Area values of Level I land use and land cover on barrier islands for 1972-75, by regional group

category not applicable]

Island location by group

New England _ _

New York Bight __ 

Mid-Atlantic _

Florida Atlantic _ 

Eastern Gulf Coast_ 

Louisiana _ ___ _

Texas __ ______

TOTALS _

Urban or builtup land

6,291

42.6 

17,162 

27.0 

52,173 

16.8 

19,636 

6.3 

69,659 

46.3 

37,602 

9.2 

6,746 

17.5 

19,410 

5.1 

228,679 

13,6

Agricultural 

land

589 

0.9 

435 

0.1 

6,611 

2.1 

2,281 

1.5 

156 

0.04 

NA 

NA 

88 

0.02 

10,160 

0.6

Rangeland

6,187 

9.7

3,930 

1.3 

214

0.1 

3,176 

0.8 

NA 

NA 

85,305 

22.2 

98,812 

5.9

Forest land

779 

5.3 

2,195 

3.5 

18,469 

6.0 

66,498 

21.3 

26,618 

17.7 

36,513 

9.0 

NA 

NA 

1,152 

0.3 

152,224 

9.1

Water bodies

1,345

2.1 

6,380 

2.1 

5,498 

1.8 

1,171 

0.8 

75,721 

18.6 

1,504 

3.9 

9,631 

2.5 

101,250 

6.0

Wetland

4,461

30.2 

14,340 

22.5 

158,441

51.2 

194,010 

62.2 

39,754

26.4 

217,688 

53.6 

24,030 

62.4 

186,158 

48.5 

838,882 

50.0

Barren land

3,238 

21.9 

21,786 

34.3 

73,681 

23.8 

15,769 

5.0 

10,745 

7.2 

35,575 

8.8 

6,238 

16.2 

82,209 

21.4 

249,241 

14.8

Total acres

14,769 

63,604 

309,579 

311,952 

150,442 

406,431 

38,518 

383,953 

1,679,248
8 PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON BARRIER ISLANDS

TABLE 7. Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover on barrier islands between 1945-55 and 1972 75,

by regional group

[Acres in thousands (boldface type) ; percents below (lightface) ; dashes (___) indicate negligible or no mapping data available; + sign only indicates

increase not compared; NA indicates category not applicable]

Island location by group

New York Bight __

Sea Islands

Florida Atlantic _ _ 

Eastern Gulf CoastTexas

TOTALS

Urban or builtup land

+ 2,012

+ 47.0

+ 6,685 

+ 39.0 

+ 25,939

+ 99.0

+ 13,120

+ 201.0 

+ 47,013 

+ 208.0 

+ 28,241 

+ 302.0 

+ 5,095

+ 309.0 

+ 10,164

+ 110.0 

+ 138,269

+ 153.0

Agricultural 

land

+ 36

+ 7.0 

+ 246

+ 130.0

-4,271

-39.0 

-776 

-25.0 

+ 156

+ 

NA

NA 

+ 23

+ 35.0 

-4,586

-31.0

Rangeland

-105

-100.0

-283 

-4.0

-794

-17.0 

+ 214

+ 

+ 2,583 

+ 436.0

TVA

NA 

-3,822

-4.0 

-2,207

-2.0

Forest land

+ 53

+ 7.0

-897 

-29.0 

-2,130

-10.0

-2,624

-4.0 

-18,453

-41.0

+ 7,778 

+ 27.0

NA

NA 

+ 336

+ 41.0 

-15,937

-10.0

Water bodies

+ 217 

+ 19.0 

-41

-0.6

+ 1,102

+ 25.0 

+ 422 

+ 56.0 

-2,650

-3.0

+ 85

+ 6.0 

+ 123

+ 1.0 

-742

-0.7

Wetland

-1,166

-21.0

-285 

-2.0 

-20,900

-12.0

-9,690

-5.0 

-14,331 

-27.0 

-28,644 

-12.0 

- 2,417

-9.0 

-1,697

-.0 

-79,133

-9.0

Barren land

+ 303

+ 10.0

+ 433

+ 2.0 

+ 3,640

+ 6.0

+ 3,617

+ 30.0 

-10,385 

-49.0 

-5,356 

-13.0 

-1,373

-18.0 

+ 1,664

+ 2.0 

-7,116

-3.0

Changes 

mapped 

between 

1945-55 

and 1972-75

+ 1,097

+ 8.0

+ 5,906

+ 10.0 

+ 7,072

+ 2.0

+ 483

+ 0.2 

+ 3,701 

+ 3.0 

+ 2,108 

+ 1.0 

+ 1,390

+ 4.0 

+ 6,791

+ 2.0

+ 28,548

+ 2.0

that several islands, including Eastham, Nauset, and 

Monomoy, are protected as national seashores, national 

wildlife refuges, or state parks. In 1972-75, besides the 

17,000 acres in urban or built-up land, the New York 

Bight islands had approximately 22,000 acres in barren 

land (primarily beaches), 14,000 acres in wetland, 6,000 

acres in rangeland (vegetated dunes), and 2,200 acres in 

forest land.

Land use and land cover change on these islands was 

minimal between 1945-55 and 1972-75, except in the urban or built-up category where there was a 39 percent or 

6,700-acre increase. Contributing to this were corresponding decreases in forest land (900 acres), 

rangeland (300 acres), and wetland (300 acres). Interestingly, the total Group 2 area increased by nearly 

6,000 acres. Such a large increase in total area is 

difficult to explain with certainty since it is unlikely that 

filling operations accounted for so much additional land 

area. It is more probable that part of this measured 

change is erroneous, and is the cumulative effect of 

smaller inaccuracies in interpretation and measurement. Of the changes in total group area, between 

1945-55 and 1972-75, Group 2 with 10 percent had the 

largest percentage area change for all eight groups. 

Most of the other changes fell within four percent, a 

range almost entirely attributable to error in interpretation and to mensuration technique. The statistical 

significance of measured changes is discussed later in 

the report.

Continuing south along the coast, from Sandy Hook, 

N.J. to North Island, S.C., are the Group 3 or MidAtlantic barrier islands (App. II, figs. 28-52). This entire 

group forms a part of the seaward edge of the 

continent's eastern coastal plain. These islands are 

characterized by broad sandy beaches, and are primarily 

composed of Pleistocene marine sediments (Dolan, 1970; 

King and Beikman, 1974). There are 53 barrier islands 

in the Mid-Atlantic group, with a total area of over 

300,000 acres. Of the 53 islands, 35 contain some urban 

development. Only 6 however, Sandy Hook, Barnegat, 

Long Beach, Atlantic City, Ocean City, and Fenwick 

South, are more than 50 percent urbanized, and none 

are totally urbanized.

Wetland vegetation is the predominant land cover 

type throughout this group with nearly 159,000 acres, or 

just over half the total group area. Wetlands form a 

nearly continuous strip along the back-bay side of these 

barrier islands. The next major area, with over 73,000 

acres or 24 percent in barren land, is primarily oceanfront beach and dunes. Urban or built-up land is third in 

extent with 52,000 acres or 17 percent. Most of this consists of resort cities, such as Wildwood, Rehoboth, 

Bethany, and Ocean City. These areas are characterized 

by extensive commercial sectors (hotels, motels, and 

restaurants) and large seasonal population fluctuations. 

There are, however, some permanent urbanized communities in Group 3 that maintain a more stable population and economy throughout the year. The New Jersey 

coastline between Atlantic City and Ocean City is the 

best example. Urban development on these Mid-Atlantic 

barrier islands has typically located along the primary 

dune line, and extended back through the adjacent
DATA DESCRIPTION AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS

grassland zone. In highly developed areas, building has 

continued even farther back-island, into the marshlands 

bordering the back-bays.

Between 1945-55 and 1972-75 the most significant 

changes occurring on the Mid-Atlantic islands were in 

the urban or built-up and wetland categories. As with 

Group 2, the largest change occurred in the area of urban land, which doubled, increasing by nearly 26,000 

acres. Most of this urban expansion was into wetlands, 

which decreased by nearly 21,000 acres or 12 percent. 

Group 4, the Sea Islands, extends from South Island, 

S.C. to Cumberland Island, Ga. (App. II, figs. 53-62). 

These 44 islands are also a part of the eastern coastal 

plain but, unlike their Mid-Atlantic counterparts, are 

primarily composed of Holocene, not Pleistocene, 

sediments (King and Beikman, 1974). They are further 

differentiated from the Group 3 islands by their physical 

structure. While the Mid-Atlantic islands are primarily a 

system of elongated sandy beaches, the Sea Islands exhibit no such elongated, interconnecting beach 

characteristic. These islands stand more as individual 

outliers of a broad wetland-estuarine system.

Group 4 has a total area of 312,000 acres: of its 44 

islands, only 15 have any urban development, and only 

one, Sullivans, is more than 50 percent urbanized. The 

Sea Islands are largely dominated by wetland vegetation which totals over 194,000 acres, or more than 60 

percent of their total area. Forest land also occupies a 

relatively large area with over 66,000 acres. Urban or 

built-up land, on the other hand, constitutes less than 7 

percent of the total area with just under 20,000 acres. 

Even so, there has been a threefold or 13,000 acre increase in urban land use between 1945-55 and 1972-75. 

Accompanying this urban area increase were corresponding decreases in the area of agricultural land by 

over 4,000 acres (-39 percent), and in wetland by over 

9,000 acres (-5 percent).

Group 5, the Florida Atlantic barrier islands, begins at 

Amelia Island and continues to Key Biscayne (App. II, 

figs. 63-77). The first 12 of its 22 islands, including Hutchinson Island,are composed of Holocene materials, and 

the remaining 10, from Jupiter Island south, of 

Pleistocene materials (King and Beikman, 1974). All 

these islands are more like those in Group 3, and less like 

those in Group 4, in that they form an elongated beach 

continuum rather than a series of dissected islands.

Based on the 1972-75 data, 21 of these 22 islands 

show some urban development. Of these, 11 are more 

than 50 percent urbanized, and 1 (Hillsboro Beach) is 

totally urbanized. Out of a total area of about 150,000 

acres, almost 70,000 acres are in urban or built-up land. 

The second largest category is wetland, comprising 

nearly 40,000 acres or 26 percent of the total area. 

Forest land occupies about 27,000 acres, or roughly 18 

percent of the Group 5 area, while barren land covers 

nearly 11,000 acres or just over 7 percent of the total.

Between 1945-55 and 1972-75 changes on the Florida 

Atlantic barrier islands were extensive. As in the Group 

4 islands, urban or built-up land, for example, sustained 

a threefold increase, corresponding in this case to over 

47,000 acres. Balancing this urban increase were 

marked decreases in several other land use and land 

cover categories. Forest land was most affected, losing 

over 18,000 acres (-41 percent). Wetland area decreased by more than 14,000 acres (-27 percent), and barren 

land lost over 10,000 acres (-49 percent).

Immediately adjacent to the Florida Atlantic barrier 

islands, on the south side, are the Florida Keys. 

Geologically, the Keys form a break in the chain of 

Atlantic and Gulf coast barrier islands. Whereas 

Florida's barrier islands are formed of sand, the Florida 

Keys are formed of limestone. As a result of this morphological distinction, and since the Florida Keys are a 

relatively small proportion of all barrier islands, the Barrier Island work group elected not to include these in its 

study.

The Group 6 or Eastern Gulf Coast barrier islands, 

form a chain northwestward from the Keys along the 

Gulf of Mexico, beginning at Cape Sable, Fla., and continuing to Cat Island, Miss., (App. II, figs. 78-104). This 

group includes 68 islands of varying geological composition. Most of the Florida barrier islands are composed of 

either Eocene, Miocene, or Pleistocene sediments. 

However, all the Alabama and Mississippi islands are 

composed of Holocene materials (King and Beikman, 

1974), and many are backed by extensive marshlands.

As a group, the Eastern Gulf Coast barrier islands are 

much less developed than the Florida Atlantic islands. 

Of the 68, only 39 or 57 percent have some urban 

development, and of these only 12 islands (18 percent) 

are more than 50 percent urbanized. None are totally urbanized. Based on the 1972-75 data, the Group 6 islands 

have a total area of over 406,000 acres. Wetland, the 

largest area, amounts to more than 217,000 acres or 54 

percent of the total. Water bodies, primarily as embayments, form the next largest area with nearly 76,000 

acres (19 percent), while barren land, forest land, and 

urban or built-up land all total approximately 36,000 

acres or roughly 9 percent each.

Between 1945-55 and 1972-75, the greatest change 

on the Group 6 islands occurred in urban or built-up 

land, which increased by slightly more than 28,000 

acres. This considerable gain (302 percent) coincided 

with losses of 12 percent in wetland (29,000 acres), of 3 

percent in water bodies (-2,600 acres), and 13 percent 

in barren lands (-5,400 acres). There were also gains of 

436 percent in rangeland ( + 2,600 acres), and of 27 percent in forest land ( + 7,800 acres).

Farther to the west in the Gulf of Mexico, stretching 

from the Chandeleur Islands to Isle Dernieres, are the 

Louisiana, or Group 7, barrier islands (App. II, figs. 

105-112). Totaling nearly 39,000 acres, this entire
10 PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON BARRIER ISLANDS

group is composed of fine-grained deltaic deposits of 

Holocene age from the Mississippi River (Dolan, 1970; 

King and Beikman, 1974). Of these 18 islands, only 

Grand Isle is linked to the mainland by road. Most of the 

others form the leading edge of an isolated and 

segmented wetland-estuarine system.

Only 8 of the Louisiana islands contain any urban 

development and all of those are less than half urbanized. Grand Isle is the most extensively developed, with 

48 percent of its area or 1,900 acres in urban or built-up 

land. The major portion of the group's land area consists 

of 24,000 acres in wetlands, or 62 percent of the total 

area. Urban or built-up land is next in extent with just 

over 6,700 acres or 18 percent. A large part of this usage 

is related to the oifshore oil and natural gas industry, 

with a comparatively small part devoted to residential or 

recreational land. Barren land occupies roughly the 

same area as urban or built-up land, just over 6,200 

acres.

The basic pattern of land use and land cover change on 

the Louisiana barrier islands is typical of most other 

groups between 1945-55 and 1972-75. Urban or built-up 

land area has increased, while wetland area has decreased. The magnitude of change was, however, 

greater in Louisiana than in most other island groups. 

For example, in the Louisiana group with less than 

39,000 total acres, the urban or built-up land area increased by more than 5,000 acres. Whereas in 1945-55 

urban or built-up land accounted for 4.5 percent of the 

total Group 7 area, by 1972-75 this figure had soared to 

17.5 percent, an increase of 13 percentage points. 

Within most other barrier island groups, the percentage 

of urban or built-up land increased by only 3 to 9 points 

during the same period. The development of Louisiana's 

offshore petroleum industry is the primary reason for 

this difference.

The Texas barrier island group, the eighth and final in 

this regional stratification, ranges from Bolivar Peninsula to Brazos Island, Texas (App. II, figs. 113-125). 

Much of the backing coastal zone is composed of 

Pleistocene materials, although the islands themselves 

are almost entirely composed of Holocene deposits 

(King and Beikman, 1974). Their physical appearance is 

similar to the Mid-Atlantic barrier islands, with an interconnecting system of elongated sandy beaches backed 

by an extensive wetland-estuarine system.

Of the eight island groups, Texas has the second 

largest total area with nearly 384,000 acres. Also, with 

16 it has the fewest number of islands, making them 

some of the largest along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 

Of these 16 islands, 11 contain some urban or built-up 

land. None, however, are more than 50 percent urbanized. Galveston Island is the most extensively developed, 

with 33 percent of its land area in an urban condition. To 

put this value in perspective, however, although only 

one-third of the area, it corresponds to nearly 10,000 

acres, giving Galveston one of the largest proportions in

urban or built-up land of all 282 barrier islands. In Group 

8, as with most other groups, the largest individual land 

use and land cover category is wetland, with about 

186,000 acres or 49 percent of the total area. This is 

followed by more than 85,000 acres in rangeland (22 percent), 82,000 acres in barren land (21 percent), and 

slightly less than 20,000 acres in urban or built-up land 

(5 percent).

Despite the diversity of land use and land cover types 

in Group 8, land use and land cover changes between 

1945-55 and 1972-75 were dominated by 2 categories, 

urban or built-up land and rangeland. Urban or built-up 

land more than doubled during this period, increasing by 

over 10,000 acres. Rangeland, on the other hand, 

decreased in area by nearly 4,000 acres.

STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

At the beginning of the data compilation process it 

was recognized that inherent error factors exist in photointerpretation, area measurement, and change mensuration procedures. Although some assumptions can be 

made in assessing the accuracy of a given data set based 

on consistency factors of interpreters and equipment, 

these assumptions cannot be applied to all compilation 

variables. Thus, to validate assessments of land use and 

land cover changes for the barrier islands, this investigator needed to know if the values of change, as 

measured by a planimeter, were real, or part of the inherent error involved in the mapping and measuring 

technique. A particular concern was with the statistical 

significance of the change values that resulted from 

mapping work done at two different times, with 

different types of photography, and at several different 

scales.

To determine the amount of change which could be attributable to procedural "noise" versus real change, a 

statistical technique was designed and applied to the 

land use and land cover change data. Based on the standard error factor for mapping at various scales, and the 

areas of measured categories, the expected value of area 

change that is, the change resulting from inherent 

technique errors was calculated. A test of the null 

hypothesis, which assumes the change in area to be due 

to measurement error, was then employed to determine 

whether or not the indicated change was caused by error 

in measurement alone. If the null hypothesis was rejected (indicating that the change in area was probably 

real) then an alternative hypothesis, which assumes the 

change in area to be real, was tested. The alternative 

hypothesis was evaluated at the 95 percent level of 

confidence using the Student's t-statistic. Acceptance of 

the alternative hypothesis indicates that the change in 

land use area was real. The results of this evaluation are 

presented in table 8.

As table 8 shows, it is possible to discern several 

significant statistical characteristics in the study's land
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE / CONCLUSIONS 11

TABLE 8. Statistical significance of land use and land cover 

area changes by regional group

[The "N" signifies acceptance of null hypothesis meaning that the change 

measured was probably due to measurement error. The "A" signifies acceptance of the alternative hypothesis meaning that the change measured 

was probably real, at the 95 percent confidence level]

Urban or AgriculIsland built-up tural Range- Forest Water 

group land land land land bodies

New England

New York 

Bight

Mid-Atlantic

Sea Islands

Florida 

Atlantic

Kast Gull 

Coast

Louisiana

Texas

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

N

N

A

A

A

N

A

N A

N

A A

N A

A A

A N

N

N

A

A

A

N

N

Wetland

A

N

A

A

A

A

A

N

Barren 

land

N

N

A

A

A

A

A

N

use and land cover change data. For example, in all 8 of 

the barrier island regional groups, the measured change 

in urban or built-up land area was determined to be 

statistically significant at the 95 percent level of 

confidence. This determination indicates that most of 

the area change measured was real, that is, not attributable to inherent measurement error. The relatively large increases in each region's urban or built-up area, 

which ranged from about 2,000 acres in the New 

England group to about 47,000 acres in the Florida 

Atlantic group, accounted for the statistical determination that the changes were real rather than inherently 

erroneous.

In contrast to this condition, area changes in 

agricultural land were not as statistically significant. Of 

the 8 island groups, only 5 contained any agricultural 

land New York Bight, Mid-Atlantic, Sea Islands, 

Florida Atlantic, and Texas. Of these, the Sea Islands 

and the Florida groups were the only 2 with statistically 

significant area changes between 1945-55 and 1972-75. 

In both cases, moreover, the area of change was 

sizeable. The Sea Islands agricultural area dropped from 

about 10,900 acres to 6,600 acres, for a 4,300-acre loss 

during the 25-year period. In the same period, the same 

land use in the Florida Atlantic islands dropped from 

3,100 acres to 2,300 acres, for an 800-acre loss. Comparatively, agricultural land area changes in the other 3 

island groups were small, amounting to about 20 acres, 

40 acres, and 250 acres respectively for the islands of 

Texas, New York Bight, and Mid-Atlantic, which accounted for the acceptance of the null hypothesis for 

these groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Land use and land cover patterns on barrier islands 

vary widely in response to geographically diverse 

natural, cultural, and economic conditions. There are, 

however, several general patterns which prevail over 

most of the Atlantic and Gulf coast islands. For example, wetland and barren land (primarily beaches and

dunes) are naturally dominant cover conditions and are 

often accompanied by sizeable areas of forest land. Of 

the nearly 1.7 million acres making up the 282 barrier 

islands, wetland covers roughly half or 840,000 acres. 

Barren land occupies another 15 percent or 250,000 

acres, while forest land covers slightly less than 10 percent or over 150,000 acres. The area of urban or built-up 

land is slightly less than the area of barren land, which 

means that four categories wetland, urban or built-up 

land, barren land, and forest land account for nearly 90 

percent of the total 2,600-square mile area of Atlantic 

and Gulf Coast barrier islands.

From a regional perspective, the most developed barrier islands are those in the Florida Atlantic group. Not 

only do these Group 5 islands have the largest total urbanized acreage, nearly 70,000 acres, but they also have, 

with more than 46 percent, the largest proportion of urban or built-up area of any group. Identification of the 

least developed group among the barrier islands 

depends on the criteria used to determine extent or 

degree of development. For example, with about 6,300 

acres, the New England group has the smallest urban or 

built-up area. Accounting for nearly 43 percent of the 

Group 1 land area, however, this value represents the 

second largest urban area percentage among all the 

groups. New England also has the smallest total area 

among the 8 groups. The Texas group, on the other 

hand, has over 19,000 urbanized acres (more than three 

times that in New England), yet maintains the smallest 

urbanized percent of total area at just over 5 percent. 

Texas has the second largest total group area with over 

380,000 acres.

The most significant aspect of barrier island land use 

and land cover patterns relates to recent changes. During the intervening period from 1945-55 to 1972-75, all 

categories of land use and land cover decreased except 

urban or built-up land, which increased by 138,000 

acres. Wetlands were most affected by this urban 

development, losing nearly 80,000 acres. Forest land 

lost about 16,000 acres, while barren land decreased by 

7,000. The most significant regional changes occurred 

on the Group 5 Florida Atlantic barrier islands where urban or built-up land increased by over 47,000 acres, 

while forest land, wetland, barren land, and agricultural 

land all decreased by about 20,000, 15,000 10,000, and 

1,000 acres respectively. The Group 6 Eastern Gulf 

Coast barrier islands also sustained significant changes 

during the 1945-55 to 1972-75 period. Urbanized land 

increased by more than 28,000 acres and forest land increased by nearly 8,000 acres, while wetlands were 

reduced by 30,000 acres and barren land lost over 5,000 

acres. Although the two Florida groups appear to have 

undergone some of the largest changes recently, the 

land use and land cover data presented in this report indicate that barrier islands from Maine to Texas have experienced substantial increases in urban land use since 

World War II.
12 PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON BARRIER ISLANDS

REFERENCES CITED

Anderson, J. R., Hardy, E. E., Roach, J. R., and Witmer, R. E., 1976, 

A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote 

sensor data: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964, 28 p.

Carter, J. E., 1977, Presidential message to the Congress on the environment, Office of White House Press Secretary, May 23, 23 p.

Dolan, Robert, 1970, Coastal landforms: National Atlas of the United 

States of America, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 

p. 78-79.

Dolan, Robert, Hayden, Bruce, and Vincent, Mary, 1975, Classification

of the coastal landforms of the Americas: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 22, p. 72-88. 

King, P. B., and Beikman, H. M., 1974, Geologic map of the United

States: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:2,500,000, 3 sheets. 

Putnam, W. C., Axelrod, D. I., Bailey, H. P., and McGill, J. T., 1960,

Natural coastal environments of the world: Washington, D.C.,

Government Printing Office, 140 p. with maps.
APPENDIX I

Area values of land use and land cover on Atlantic and Gulf Coast barrier islands, 

1945-55 and 1972-75 with changes (tables 9-27).

Throughout the following broad measure tables, acres are in boldface type, percents in lightface; dashes ( ) indicate negligible mapping data or 

none available; NA indicates category not applicable; + sign alone indicates increase not compared.

TABLE 9.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 9 barrier islands off the Maine coast

Name of island

Popham Beach 1 __________

Small Point _

Pine Point ___

Goose Creek ____

Biddeford Pool

Wells Beach

Ogunquit _

Category totals ____

Change totals __ _

1 No photographic coverage

Name of island

Category totals __

Years 

compared

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945 55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972 75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

288 47.4

NA NA 

NA NA

214 66.0 

322 100.0 

+ 103 +50.0

65 100.0 

65 100.0 

-0- 0.0

59 42.4 

155 83.4 

+ 96 +163.0

111 53.6 

186 87.8 

+ 75 +40.0

102 38.5 

212 100.0 

+ 110 +108.0

42 12.3 

225 78.7 

+ 183 +436.0

593 36.0 

1,165 71.8 

+ 572 +96.0

for 1945-55; totals do not include

TABLE 10. — Changes in area

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

253 59.2 

454 89.9 

+ 201 +79.0

214 36.5 

326 56.6 

+ 112 +34.0

467 46.1 

780 72.1 

+ 313 +67.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

data for these islands.

values of Level I land

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

79 25.8 

-0- 0.0 

— 79 —100.0

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

26 7.6 

-0- 0.0 

— 26 —100.0

105 6.4 

-0- 0.0 

-105 —100.0

use and land

Agricultural 

land Rangeland 

Acres % Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

Forest land 

Acres %

166

122

103

58

+ 45

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

66 

26 

— 40

NA 

NA

37 

-0- 

— 37

206 

84 

— 122

cover for

42.6

20.1

33.7 

16.9 

— 44.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

31.9 

12.2 

— 61.0

NA 

NA

10.8 

0.0 

— 100.0

12.5 

5.2 

— 59.0

2 barrier

Forest land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Water bodies 

Acres 9c

NA NA 

NA NA

13 2.1

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

islands off the

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

Wetland 

Acres %

224 57.4

96 15.7

86 28.1 

147 43.4 

— 61 +71.0

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

80 57.6 

31 16.6 

— 49 —61.0

NA NA 

NA NA

163 61.5 

-0- 0.0 

— 163 —100.0

202 59.1 

61 21.3 

+ 141 —231.0

531 32.2 

239 14.7 

— 292 —55.0

New Hampshire

Wetland 

Acres %

174 40.8 

_51 10.1 

— 123 —71.0

372 63.5 

250 43.4 

— 122 —33.0

546 53.9 

301 27.9 

— 245 —45.0

co
TABLE 11.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 27 barrier islands off the Massachusetts coas

Name of island

Castle Neck _____ .

Duxbury ____________

Long Beach _____

Sandy Neck _____ .

Years 

compared

. ___ 1945-55

1972-75

A

. ___ 1945-55

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

. —— 1945 55

1972-75 

A

. __ 1945-55

1972-75

A

. —— 1945 55

1972-75

A

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1972-75

A

. —— 1945-55

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

327 

560 

+ 233

358 

531 

+ 173

-0- 

13 

+ 13

125 

214

+ 89

76 

122

+ 46

453 

378 

— 75

718 

922

+ 2u4

1,015 

1,459 

+ 444

147 

147 

-0-

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

343 

621

+ 278

NA 

NA

543 

1,357

+ 814

26.1 

40.6 

+ 71.0

12.1 

15.1 

+ 48.0

0.0

0.8

+

20.6 

32.0

+ 71.0

36.7 

41.4

+ 61.0

59.7 

53.7 

— 17.0

100.0 

100.0

+ 28.0

60.2 

82.6

+ 44.0

13.1 

13.2 

0.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

41.8 

58.4 

+ 81.0

NA 

NA

7.1 

16.1 

+ 150.0

Agricultural 

land

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

336 

294 

— 42

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

2,386 

1,376 

— 1,010

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

13.1 

10.3 

— 13.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

31.0 

16.3 

— 42.0

Forest land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

416

602

+ 186

104 

93 

— 11

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

123 

-0- 

— 123

337 

397 

+ 60

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

27.0 

36.9

+ 45.0

17.2 

13.9 

— 11.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

15.0 

0.0 

— 100.0

75.4 

83.8

+ 18.0

NA 

NA

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

308 

486

+ 178

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

4.0 

5.7

+ 58

Wetland 

Acres %

907 

760 

— 147

1,668 

1,792 

— 124

413 

461

+ 48

257 

275

+ 18

NA

NA

305 

326

+ 21

NA 

NA

670 

307 

— 363

330 

-0- 

— 330

NA 

NA

1,207 

1,504

+ 297

202 

250

+ 48

110 

77 

— 43

282 

-0- 

— 282

72.6 

55.1 

— 16.0

56.4 

51.1 

— 7.0

26.8 

28.2 

+ 12.0

42.4 

41.1

+ 7.0

NA 

NA

30.3 

46.3 

+ 7.0

NA 

NA

39.8 

17.4 

— 54.0

29.5 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

46.9 

52.4 

+ 25.0

24.6 

23.5 

+ 24.0

24.6 

16.2 

— 43.0

3.7 

0.0 

— 100.0
TABLE 11.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 27 barrier islands off the Massachusetts coast—Co

Name of island

Monomoy _ _

Madaket _ _______________

Muskeget Island _____

Cape Poge ________ _

Katama Bay _____________

Edgartown Great Ponds _ 

Tisbnry Great Ponds _____

Category totals __ 

and

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-53

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945 55

1972-75

A

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

-0- 

166 

+ 166

193 

672 

+ 479

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

70

77

+ 7

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

6

+ 6

NA 

NA

19 

19 

-0-

132

864

+ 732

4,519 

8,128 

+ 3,609

0.0 

18.5

+

8.6 

21.5 

+ 248.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

23.0 

100.0 

+ 10.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

1.9

+

NA 

NA

2.8 

3.0 

0.0

9.0 

49.1 

+ 555.0

13.2 

21.5 

+ 80.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

11 

70 

+ 59

11

70

+ 59

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.8 

4.0

+ 536.0

0.1 

0.2 

+ 536.0

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

511 

800

+ 289

NA 

NA

30 

-0- 

— 30

302 

474

+ 172

NA 

NA

236 

320

+ 84

38 

307 

+ 269

120 

128

+ 8

614 

608 

— 6

220 

147

— 73

4,793

4,454 

— 339

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

29.9 

45.6 

+ 57.0

NA 

NA

9.1

0.0 

— 100.0

56.6 

69.2

+ 57.0

NA 

NA

53.6 

100.0 

+ 35.0

16.1 

98.1

+ 708.0

71.9 

100.0 

+ 7.0

91.5 

97.0 

— 1.0

15.0 

8.3 

— 33.0

14.0 

11.8 

7.0

Fores 

Acres

NA

NA

NA 

NA

164 

-0- 

— 164

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

38 

-0- 

— 38

128 

128 

-0-

1,310 

1,220 

— 90

it land

%

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

6.1 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5.7 

0.0 

— 100.0

8.7 

7.3 

0.0

3.8 

3.2 

-7.0

Water bodies 

Acres c,[

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

182 

58 

— 124

38 

38 

-0-

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

528 

582

+ 54

NA 

NA

NA

NA

6.7 

2.2

-68.0

2.2 

2.2

0.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.5

1.5 

+ 10.0

Wetland 

Acrea %

674 

730

+ 56

837 

1,312

+ 475

439 

166 

— 273

261 

390 

+ 129

142 

-0- 

— 142

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

904 

550 

— 354

9,608 

8,900 

— 708

82.6 

81.5 

+ 8.0

37.2 

41.9 

+ 57.0

16.1 

6.3

— 62,0

15.3 

22.2

+ 49.0

46.6 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

61.9 

31.3 

— 39.0

28.0 

23.6 

7.0
TABLE 12.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 6 barrier islands off the Rhode Island coast

Name of island

Atlantic _________________

Category totals ____

1 No photographic coverage

Name of island

Category totals __

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1 Q79 7^

A 

1945 55

1 Q7O 1 ^

A

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

547 23.9 

928 37.1 

+ 381 +70.0

117 36.1 

170 54.0 

+ 53 +46.0

109 25.9 

128 30.7 

+ 9 +17.0

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

773 23.3 

1,226 34.8 

+ 453 +59.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres 9c

159 6.9 

221 8.8

+ 62 +39.0

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

25 8.7 

25 8.7 

-0- 0.0

184 5.5

246 7.0

+ 62 +34.0

for 1945-55 ; totals do not include data for these islands.

TABLE 13. — Changes in area values of Level I

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945- 55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

-0- 0.0 

250 28.7 

+ 250 +

264 69.5 

326 67.1 

+ 62 +23.0

264 21.5 

576 42.4 

+ 312 +118.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

153 

153 

-0-

153 

153

-0-

land use

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

52.9 

52.9 

0.0

4.6 

4.3 

0.0

and land

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Forest land 

Acres %

74 3.2 

162 6.5

+ 88 +119.0

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

74 2.2 

162 4.6

+ 88 +119.0

Water bodies 

Acres %

226 

196 

— 30 —

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

17 

17

-0-

243 

213 

30

cover for 2 barrier islands

Forest land 

Acres 9£

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

9.9 

7.8 

13.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5.9 

5.9 

0.0

7.3 

6.0 

•12.0

off the

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Wetland 

Acres %

815 35.6 

996 39.8 

+ 181 +22.0

207 63.9 

145 46.0 

— 62 —30.0

312 74.1 

289 69.3 

— 23 —7.0

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

1,334 40.1 

1,430 40.6 

+ 96 +7.0

Connecticut coast

Wetland 

Acres %

778 91.9 

563 64.6 

— 215 —28.0

NA NA

NA NA

778 63.4 

563 41.5 

— 215 —28.0
TABLE 14.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 15 barrier islands off the New York coast

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres c;'c

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres

Fisher Island

Gardiners Island

Fireplace

Maidstone Park

Northwest Harbor

Shelter Island

Orient Beach

North Haven

Mo r ton

Southampton

Hampton

Fire Island

Jones Beach Island

Long Beach

Rockaway

Category totals

and ____.

Change totals _.

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-53 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

478 19.7

718 30.0

+ 240 +50.0

NA

NA

-0-

36 

+ 36

NA 

NA

NA

NA

30 30.3

73 83.0

+ 43 +143.0

NA 

NA

47

147

+ 100

NA 

NA

75

137

+ 62

738 

1,028 

+ 290

935 

1,881 

+ 946

759 

1,191 

+ 432

2,237 

2,927 

+ 690

2,678 

3,075 

+ 397

8,140

11,578

+ 3,438

0.0 

31.3

NA 

NA

163 32.3

365 66.4

+ 202 +124.0

NA 

NA

31.3

100.0

+ 213.0

NA 

NA

14.4

23.0

+ 83.0

32.6

38.4

+ 39.0

14.8

27.1

+ 101.0

9.2 

12.3

+ 57.0

68.6

83.7

+ 30.0

77.1

80.0

+ 15.0

27.2

35.0

+ 42.0

NA 

NA

358

273

-85

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

358

273

— 85

NA 

NA

19.8

15.0

-24.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.2

0.8

-24.0

577 23.9

511 21.3

— 66 —11.0

947 52.4

1,069 58.4

+ 122 +13.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1,524 

1,580 

+ 56

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5.1

4.8 

+ 4.0

1,267

1,025

— 242

93

94

+ 1

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

282

134

—148

NA 

NA

101

—0-

— 101

149

183

+ 34

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

336

72

— 264

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

2,228

1,508

— 720

52.5

42.7

— 9.0

5.1

5.1

+ 1.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

56.0

24.4

— 52.0

NA 

NA

68.7

0.0

— 100.0

66.5

82.4

+ 23.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5.3 

1.0

— 79.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

7.5 

4.5

— 32.0

93 3.9

119 5.0

+ 26 +28.0

220 12.2

269 14.7

+ 49 +22.0

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

44 0.5

162 1.6

+ 118 +268.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

-0- 0.0

17 0.7

+ 17 +

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

357 1.2

550 1.7

+ 193 +54.0

NA 

NA

40

—0-

— 40

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

799

448

— 351

1,788

1,522

— 266

4,232

5,219

+ 987

596

162

— 434

NA 

NA

7,455

7,368

— 87

NA 

NA

26.6

0.0

-100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

35.2

18.2

— 44.0

28.4

21.9

— 15.0

51.3

53.9

+ 23.0

18.3 

4.6

— 73.0

NA 

NA

25.0

22.4

— 1.0
Name of island

Little Beach Island _ _

(Pullen Island) __

Atlantic City _ __ __ _

Wildwood ________________

Category totals ____

lABLiti 10.-

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

— i^nanges in area

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

1,355 

2,406 

+ 1,151

3,117 

3,302

+ 185

3,138 

3,949

+ 811

NA 

NA

715 

973

+ 258

3,511 

4,467 

+ 956

1,847 

2,227 

+ 380

569 

902 

+ 333

1,382 

2,048 

+ 666

2,112 

2,445 

+ 333

17,746 

22,719 

+ 4,973

58.6 

80.7 

+ 78.0

49.2 

51.6 

+ 6.0

44.6 

58.5 

+ 26.0

NA 

NA

13.6 

20.0 

+ 36.0

59.8 

71.2 

+ 27.0

40.8 

50.2 

+ 21.0

16.4 

25.8 

+ 59.0

26.5 

38.2

+ 48.0

38.2 

44.4 

+ 16.0

37.4 

47.4 

+ 28.0

values o/ L/evet, i

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

88 

224

-0- 

96

+ 96

NA

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

38

+ 38

NA 

NA

88 

358

+ 270

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.7 

4.6 

+ 154.0

0.0 

1.5

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.7

+

NA 

NA

0.2 

0.8 

+ 307.0

tana usi•>, ana ian

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

a cover j or lu oat

Forest land 

Acres %

613 

96

+ 507

124 

83 

— 41

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

301 

346

+ 45

180 

102

— 78

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

105 

-0- 

— 105

NA 

NA

1,323

627 

696

26.5 

3.2 

— 84.0

2.0 

1.3 

— 33.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5.7 

7.1 

+ 15.0

3.1 

1.6 

— 43.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

2.0 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

2.8 

1.3 

— 53.0

~ner isuinas off i,

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

32 

64 

+ 32

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

26 

32

+ 6

297 

320 

+ 23

-0- 

13 

+ 13

672 

704 

+ 32

64 

115

+ 51

512 

576 

+ 64

1,603 

1,824

+ 221

NA 

NA

0.5 

1.0 

+ 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.5 

0.7 

+ 23.0

5.0 

5.1

+ 8.0

0.0 

0.3

+

19.3 

20.1 

+ 5.0

1.2 

2.2 

+ 80.0

9.2 

10.5 

— 13.0

3.4

3.8 

+ 14.0

ne L\ ew j: ersey cc

Wetland 

Acres %

132 

154

+ 22

1,791 

1,869

+ 78

1,561 

1,216 

— 345

1,081 

1,184 

+ 103

2,516 

2,112 

— 404

897 

454 

— 443

1,408 

1,082 

— 326

1,511 

1,197 

— 314

2,586 

2,054 

— 532

2,218 

1,933

— 285

15,701 

13,255 

— 2,446

5.7 

5.2 

+ 17.0

28.2 

29.2 

+ 4.0

22.2 

18.0 

— 22.0

61.0 

62.3 

+ 10.0

47.9 

43.5 

— 16.0

15.3

7.2 

— 49.0

31.1 

24.4 

- 23.0

43.5 

34.2 

-21.0

49.6 

38.3 

— 21.0

40.1 

35.1 

— 13.0

33.2 

27.6 

— 16.0

>a

— 
TABLE 16. — Changes in area values of Level I land use and land

Name of island

Rehoboth

Fenwick Island North ____

Category totals ____

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

1,170 17.6 

1,606 24.0 

+ 436 +37.0

337 9.7 

1,350 39.3

+ 1,013 +300.0

1,507 15.0 

2,956 29.2 

+ 1,449 +96.0

TABLE 17. — Changes in area

Name of island

Fenwick Island South __

Assateague Island North _

Category totals _ ——

Years

compared

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

Urban or

built-up land 

Acres %

820 36.4

1,848 57.2

+ 1,028 +125.0

NA NA

NA NA

820 6.8 

1,848 13.7 

+ 1,028 +125.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

101 2.9 

26 0.8

— 75 —74.0

101 1.0 

_26 0.2

— 75 —74.0

values of Level

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

I land use

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

and land

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

cover for 2 barrier islands off the Delaware coast

Forest land 

Acres %

182 2.7 

-0- 0.0 

— 182 —100.0

514 14.8 

64 0.6

— 450 —87.0

696 6.9 

64 0.6 

— 632 —91.0

Water bodies 

Acres %

53 0.8 

230 3.4

+ 177 +334.0

61 1.8

32 0.9

— 29 —48.0

114 1.1 

262 2.6

+ 148 +56.0

cover for 2 barrier islands off

Forest land 

Acres %

-0- 0.0

22 0.7

+ 22 +

484 5.0

629 6.1 

+ 145 +30.0

484 4.0 

651 4.8

+ 167 +35.0

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA NA

NA NA

100 1.0

160 1.6

+ 60 +60.0

100 0.9 

160 1.2

+ 60 +60.0

Wetland 

Acres %

3,976 

2,995 

— 981

1,735 

1,120

— 615

5,711 

4,115 

— 1,596

60.1 

44.9 

— 25.0

50.0 

32.8

— 35.0

56.6 

40.7 

— 28.0

the Maryland coast

Wetland 

Acres %

1,111

155

— 956

5,302

5,820 

+ 518

6,413 

5,975

49.4

4.8

— 86.0

54.2

56.8 

+ 10.0

53.3 

44.3 

— 7.0
TABLE 18. — Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 11 barrier islands off the Virginia coast

Name of island

Assateague Island South —

Wallops Island __________

Assawomen Island _______

Metomkin Island ________

Cedar Island ____

Parramore Island ________

Hog Island ______________

Cobb Island _____________

Smith Island ___________

Fishermans Island _______

Bodie Island North _ _

Category totals _ __

and ________ —

Change totals _

Years 

compared

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945 55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land

Acres

-0-

67

+ 67

-0-

562

+ 562

XT A IN xx

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

XTA IK XX

NA

NA

NA

-0-

38

+ 38

NA

NA

-0-

477

+ 477

-0-

1,144

+ 1,144

%

0.0

1.0

0.0

9.3

+

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.0

0.2

+

NA

NA

0.0

5.9

+

0.0

1.6

Agricultural 

land

Acres

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

-0-

51

+ 51

-0-

51

+ 51

%

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.0

0.6

+

0.0

0.1

Rangeland

Acres

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

%

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Fores

Acres

1,579

1,710

+ 131

332

-0-

-332

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1,196

611

— 585

253

227

-26

NA

NA

-0-

286

+ 286

NA

NA

-0-

1,653

+ 1,653

3,360

4,487

1,127

it land

%

20.6

23.7

+ 8.0

4.6

0.0

— 100.0

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

17.4

8.2

— 49.0

5.2

4.1

-10.0

NA

NA

0.0

1.5

+

NA

NA

0.0

20.5

+

5.4

6.5

+ 33.5

Water bodies

Acres

218

23

— 195

942

1,104

+ 162

624

482

— 142

247

234

— 13

39

37

— 2

152

125

— 27

-0-

29

+ 29

NA

NA

332

277

— 55

NA

NA

-0-

16

+ 16

2,554

2,327

— 227

%

2.8

0.3

— 89.0

1 O 1 

-LtJ.-L

18.4

+ 17.0

23 2

15.0

— 23.0

7.0

7.0

— 5.0

0.8

0.9

-5.0

2.2

1.6

— 18.0

0.0

0.5

+

NA

NA

1.9

1.4

— 17.0

NA

NA

0.0

0.2

+

3.8

3.3

-9.0

Wetland

Acres

3,487

3,147

— 340

5,329

4,129

— 1,200

1 953

2,389

+ 436

2,764

2,636

— 128

4,248

3,614

— 634

4,735

4,320

— 415

4,063

3,328

_ 735

2,341

2,112

— 229

16,377

16,361

— 16

337

638

+ 301

6,069

3,730

—2,339

51,703

46,404

— 5,299

%

45.3

43.7

— 10.0

74.5

68.9

— 23.0

72.7

74.0

+ 22.0

78.5

78.1

— 5.0

89.4

83.7

— 15.0

69.0

58.5

— 9.0

83.1

60.1

— 18.0

85.5

68.9

— 10.0

90.9

85.0

— 0.1

36.5

42.8

+ 89.0

78.0

46.3

— 39.0

76.8

67.5

— 10.0+ 
TABLE 19.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 23 barrier islands off the North Carolina 

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres %

Bodie Island South

Hatteras Island

Ocracoke Island

Portsmouth Island

Core Banks North

Core Banks South

Shackleford Banks

Bogue Banks

Hammock Island

Onslow Beach

Ashe Island

Lee Island

Rich Inlet

Figure Eight Island

Wrightsville Beach

Masonboro Island

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

2,227 5.4

7,074 15.6

+ 4,847 +218.0

809 3.6

2,224 9.7

+ 1,415 +175.0

208 3.4

433 7.0

+ 225 +108.0

113 4.9

193 8.1

+ 80 +71.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

378 4.4

3,646 41.7

-3,268 +865.0

NA 

NA

45

61

+ 16

NA 

NA

1.2

1.7

+ 36.0

291 3.0

2,091 22.3

+ 1,800 +619.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

46 1.1

404 10.4

+ 358 +778.0

311 20.4

577 37.7

+ 266 +86.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

2,887 7.0

3,185 6.9

+ 298 +10.0

-0-

162 

+ 162

-0-

39 

+ 39

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

233

233

-0-

4,060

1,964

-2,096

184

145

NA 

NA

622

156

— 66

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

119 

+ 119

0.0 

0.7

0.0 

0.6

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

8.5 

8.1 

0.0

47.4

22.5

-51.0

3.7 

2.8

-21.0

NA 

NA

6.4

1.6

-75.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

3.2

821

897

+ 6

568

-0-

— 568

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

31 

+ 31

NA 

NA

-0- 

14

+ 14

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

2.0

1.9

+ 9.0

2.5

0.0

-100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.4

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.1

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

22,047

20,054

— 1,993

13,706

12,477

— 1,229

3,734

3,456

— 278

1,351

765

— 586

1,423

1,333

— 90

4,312

4,307

817

854

+ 37

2,157

993

1,164

4,032 

4,171 

+ 139

2,996

2,399

— 597

7,228

6,761

+ 467

1,379

1,321

— 58

1,405

1,462

+ 57

3,490

2,840

— 650

1,057

733

— 324

3,114

2,977

— 137

53.3

44.1

— 9.0

60.5

54.9

—9.0

60.9

56.7

— 7.0

58.6

32.2

— 43.0

60.6

49.3

— 6.0

55.9

55.7

— 0.1

29.9

29.7

+ 5.0

25.2

11.3

— 54.0

81.3

80.2

+ 3.0

80.6

66.5

— 20.0

74.3

72.1

— 6.0

92.3

87.8

— 4.0

84.2

94.0

+ 4.0

85.5

73.5

69.5

47.9

— 31.0

80.3

81.3 

— 4.0
TABLE 19. — Changes in area

Name of island

Carolina Beach Island __

(Cape Fear)

Category totals _ _ _

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

values of Level I

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

817 

1,791 

+ 974

-0-

474

+ 474

460 

1,146

+ 686

157 

749 

+ 592

-0- 

544

+ 544

-0-

218

+ 218

NA 

NA

5,862 

21,625 

+ 15,763

13.9 

29.1 

+ 119.0

0.0 

1.4

+

6.1 

16.9 

+ 149.0

7.5 

38.9 

+ 377.0

0.0 

23.6

+

0.0 

11.2

+

NA 

NA

3.9 

13.9 

+ 269.0

land use

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

and land cover for 23 barrier islands off the North Carolina

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Fores 

Acres

1,697 

1,985

— 288

1,005 

1,114 

+ 109

3,412 

2,507 

— 905

48 

160 

+ 112

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

14,148 

11,769 

— 2,379

it land

%

28.8 

32.2

+ 17.0

16.3 

17.6 

+ 1.0

44.9 

37.0 

— 27.0

2.3 

8.3 

+ 233.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

9.4 

7.9 

— 16.0

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

29

77 

+ 48

NA 

NA

-0- 

205 

+ 205

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1,418 

1,224

— 194

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.4 

1.1 

+ 165.0

NA 

NA

0.0

8.8

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.9 

0.8 

— 14.0

coast —

Wetland 

Acres %

2,529 

789 

— 1,740

4,090 

4,314

+ 224

3,200 

2,874 

— 326

1,340

781 

— 559

2,008 

1,248 

— 60

1,398 

1,216 

— 182

112

77 

— 35

88,925 

78,202 

— 10,723

42.9 

12.7 

— 69.0

66.3 

68.3 

+ 5.0

42.2 

42.4 

— 11.0

64.2 

40.6 

— 42.0

81.0 

54.1 

— 38.0

74.4 

62.8 

— 13.0

41.3 

28.5 

— 31.0

58.6 

50.3 

— 12.0

-
TABLE 20.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 34 barrier islands off the South Carolina coa

Name of island

Murrells Inlet _ _

Debidue Beach _

North Island

South Island _____ _

Cedar Island _ __ _

Bull Island ________

Capers Island

Folly Island ___________

YPIT-<; 

compared

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1945 55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

-0- 

339 

+ 339

98 

870

+ 772

201 

595 

+ 394

-0-

77

+ 77

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

333

979 

+ 646

672 

890

+ 218

NA 

NA

219 

704

+ 485

0.0 

24.4

+

3.1

28.4 

+ 788.0

14.2 

375 

+ 196.0

0.0

4.9

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

9.6 

30.1 

+ 194.0

43.8 

53.3 

+ 32.0

NA 

NA

10.9 

&2.1 

+ 221.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Rangeland

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Forest land 

Acres %

262 

269

+ 7

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

326 

602 

+ 276

NA 

NA

490 

454 

— 36

NA 

NA

307 

557

+ 250

38 

45

+ 7

-0- 

102 

+ 102

1,363

2,368 

+ 1,005

966 

1,050

+ 84

256 

580 

+ 324

1,024 

909 

— 115

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

13.6 

19.2 

+ 3.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

]8.4 

38.4

+ 85.0

NA 

NA

11.0 

9.4

— 7.0

NA 

NA

3.8 

6.5

+ 81.0

2.6 

2.8 

+ 18.0

0.0 

2 0 

~r 

26.1 

44.6 

+ 74.0

26.2 

29.4 

+ 9.0

IB. 9 

33.9

+ 127.0

29.5 

27.8 

— 11.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

529 

5% 

— 23

NA 

NA

16 

-0- 

— 16

87 

77 

— 10

560 

576 

+ 16

NA 

NA

77 

51 

-26

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

70 

45 

— 25

NA

NA

34 

+ 34

NA

NA

-0-

83 

+ 83

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

16.9 

IP 4 

— 4.0

NA 

NA

0.9 

0.0 

— 100.0

1.3

1.1 

— 11.0

12.6 

12.0 

+ 3.0

NA 

NA

0.9 

05 

— 34.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.3 

0.9 

— 36.0

NA 

NA

0.0 

2.0

+

NA 

NA

0.0 

4.9

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Wetland 

Acres %

967 

749

— 218

2,098 

1,5C 8 

— 530

861 

973 

+ 112

1,144

838 

— 306

5,818 

6,362

+ 544

2,976 

3,136

+ 160

4,039 

4,205 

+ 166

7,532 

7,616

J-84

7*2 

877 

+ 135

5,004

4,787 

— 217

3,686 

2,758 

— 1,072

2,486 

2,467 

— 21

1,342 

908 

— 434

1,484 

1,030 

— 454

735 

698 

— 37

2,674 

2,880 

+ 206

1,440 

986 

—454

50.1 

53.7 

— 23.0

66.9 

51.1 

— 25.0

61.0 

61.3 

+ 13.0

64.6 

53.5 

— 27.0

88.2 

9B.3 

+ 9.0

67 0 

65.6

+ 5 0

98.1 

97 9 

+ 4.0

92.7

88.5 

+ 1.0

51. S 

6Z. 5 

+ 18.0

97.7 

96.3 

— 4.0

70.4 

52.2 

— 25.0

67.4 

69.1 

— 1.0

72.9 

53.0 

— 33.0

42.7 

41.8 

— 3.0

47.9 

41.8 

— 5.0

100.0 

98.3 

+ 8.0

71.6 

44.9 

— 31.0
TABLE 20.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 34 barrier islands off the South Carolina coast—C

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres %

Kiawah Island 1945-55

1972-75

A

-0-

13 

+ 13

Seabrook Island

Devaux Banks

Botany Bay Island

Edisto Island

Pine Island

Otter Island

Hunting Island

Frip Island

Pritchards Island

Little Capers Island ___

St. Phillips Island

Bay Point Island

Hilton Head Island

Daufuskie Island

Turtle Island

Jones Island

1945-55 12

1972-75 339

A +327

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 -0-

1972-75 614

A +614

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

723

+ 723

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 119

1972-75 6,938

A +6,819

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Category totals

and —————.

Change totals .

1945-55

1972-?5

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 1,654

1972-75 13,081

A +11,427

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.2

0.2

6.1

+ 2,725.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

4.5

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

14.2

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.4

25.5

+ 5,730.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.1

8.5

+ 691.0

NA 

NA

800

1,184

+ 384

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

2,470

2,957

+ 487

NA 

NA

398

-0-

— 398

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

5,375

1,011

-4,364

723

-0-

— 723

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

9,766

5,152

— 4,614

NA 

NA

14.2

21.4

+ 48.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

14.5

183

+ 20.0

NA 

NA

11.4 

0.0

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

19.5

3.7

— 81.0

10.8 

0.0

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

6.3 

3.3

— 47.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

3,328

4,698

+ 1,370

NA 

NA

-0-

58

+ 58

NA 

NA

104

-0-

- 104

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

13,491

8,240

-5,251

4,108 

5,062 

+ 954

70

-0-

- 70

NA 

NA

26,133

24,994

— 1,139

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

19.6

29.0

+ 41.0

NA 

NA

0.0 

1.6

+

NA 

NA

2.4 

0.0

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

48.9

30.2

— 39.0

61.0

75.4

+ 23.0

4.3 

0.0

— 100.0

NA 

NA

16.9

16.2

— 4.0

32 0.4

70 1.0

+ 38 +119.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

45

+ 45

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

224

+ 224

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

360

467

+ 107

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1,731

2,178

+ 447

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.2

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

3'.4

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.3

1.7 

+ 30.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.1 

1.4

+ 26.0

7,258 99.6

7,142 97.4

— 116 —2.0

4,448 79.0

3,821 69.0

— 627 —14.0

NA 

NA

537

458

— 79

10,745

7,539

— 3,206

1,925 

2,060 

+ 135

3,100 

3,462 

+ 362

6,188

5,894

— 294

4,054

3,584

— 470

2,559

2,477

— 82

2,043

1,754

— 289

4,981

4,915

— 66

1,135

1,075

— 60

7,895 

8,227 

+ 332

1,900

1,658

— 242

1,555

1,562

+ 7

2,451

2,483

+ 32

107,802

100,949

— 6,853

NA 

NA

93.4

79.6

— 15.0

63.2

46.5

— 30.0

100.0

96.9

+ 12.0

88.6

96.5

+ 12.0

97.7

91.2

—5.0

94.1

82.9

— 12.0

97.3

95.8

— 3.0

97.2

82.8

— 14.0

100.0

98.8

— 1.0

90.7

89.4

— 5.0

28.6

30.2

+ 4.0

28.2

24.6

— 13.0

95.7

100.0

+ 0.4

91.2

95.6

+ 1.0

69.6

65.3

—6.0
TABLE 21.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 15 barrier islands off the Georgia coast

Name of island

Little Tybee Island

St. Catherines Island __

Sapelo Island _ ________

Wolf Island _ _ . _

Little St. Simons _______

Sea Island _ __ _________

Saint Simons Island _____

Little Cumberland Island. 

Cumberland Island ______ 

Category totals __

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945 55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

755 

806

+ 51

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

26 

26

-0-

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

388 

282 

— 106

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

470 

704 

+ 234

3022 

4,800

+ 1,778

445 

1,696 

+ 1,251

NA 

NA

55 

122

+ 67

5161 

8,436 

+ 3,275

18.3 

19.6

+ 7.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.1 

0.1 

0.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.9

1.4 

— 27.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

15.8 

23.6 

+ 50.0

10.4 

16.4

+ 58.0

7.7 

29.4 

+ 281.0

NA 

NA

0.2 

0.5 

+ 123.0

3.0 

4.9 

+ 63.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

55 

51

— 4

107 

179

+ 72

NA 

NA

489 

653 

+ 164

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

103 

269 

+ 166

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

362 

307 

— 55

1,116 

1,459 

+ 343

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.2 

0.2 

— 7.0

0.7 

1.2 

+ 67.0

NA 

NA

2.4 

3 3 

+ 33.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.3 

0.0

+ 161.0

NA 

NA

NA

NA

1.5 

1.2 

— 15.0

0.7 

0.9 

+ 31.0

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

382 

-0- 

— 382

NA 

NA

338 

275 

— 63

534 

-0- 

— 534

1,871 

3,117 

+ 1,246

NA 

NA

307 

-0- 

+ 307

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

23 

-0- 

— 23

1,269 

538 

— 731

4,724 

3,930

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

3,6 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

2.2 

1.8 

— 19.0

10.4 

0.0 

— 100.0

9.3 

15.5 

+ 67.0

NA 

NA

2.8 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

1.0 

0.0 

— 100.0

5.1 

2.2 

— 58.0

2.8 

2.3 

17 0

Forest land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

549 

666

+ 117

NA 

NA

2,091 

1,843

— 248

7,646

7,770

+ 124

5,690 

6,003 

+ 313

2,056 

2,323

+ 267

4,633 

4,032 

— 601

NA 

NA

1,091 

1,120 

+ 29

468

378 

— 90

6,906 

5,120 

— 1,786

1,380 

1,370

— 10

1,166 

1,075 

— 91

9,901 

10,675

+ 774

43,577 

42,375

1

9 A «>

NA 

NA

8.0 

9.7 

+ 21.0

NA 

NA

19.7 

17.3 

— 12.0

30.2 

30.7 

+ 2.0

36.7 

38.7 

+ 6.0

40.1 

45.3 

+ 13.1

23.1 

20.1 

— 13.0

NA 

NA

9.9 

10.1 

+ 3.0

15.7 

12.7 

— 19.0

23.7 

17.5 

— 26.0

23.9 

23.7 

— 1.0

48.5 

44.7 

— 8.0

39.7 

42.8 

+ 8.0

25.4 

24.7 

3 0

Water bodies 

Acres %

-0- 

51

+ 51

292 

288 

— 4

NA 

NA

16 

-0- 

— 16

NA 

NA

374 

384

+ 10

127

179

+ 52

96 

557

+ 461

795 

787 

— 8

114

166

+ 52

NA 

NA

1,440

1,440 

-0-

-0- 

51

+ 51

NA 

NA

43 

-0- 

— 43

3,297 

3,903 

+ 606

0.0 

1.2

+

4.2 

4.2 

— 1.0

NA 

NA

0.2 

0.0 

— 100.0

NA 

NA

2.4

2.5 

+ 3.0

2.5 

3.5 

+ 41.0

0.6

2.8 

+ 480.0

10.8 

10.7 

— 1.0

1.0 

1.5 

+ 46.0

NA 

NA

5.0 

4.0 

0.0

0.0 

0.9

+

NA 

NA

0.2 

0.0 

— 100.0

1.9 

2.3 

+ 18.0

Wetland 

Acres %

3,365 

3,264 

— 101

5,810 

5,523

+ 287

97 

115

+ 18

7,837 

8,384

+ 574

16,963 

16,435

— 528

8,615 

8,243 

— 372

2,004 

2,054 

+ 50

11,717 

10,746 

— 971

6,533 

6,541

+ 8

8,801 

8,640 

— 161

1,744

1,792

+ 48

17,640

17,414 

— 226

3,742 

2,054

— 1,688

918 

1,069 

+ 151

11,000 

11,277

+ 277

106,786 

103,551 

— 3,235

81.7 

79.2 

— 3.0

84.6 

80.3 

— 5.0

33.0 

39.1 

+ 19.0

74.0 

78.8 

+ 6.0

67.0 

65.0 

— 3.0

55.6 

53.2 

— 4.0

39.1 

40.1 

+ 3.0

58.4 

53.6 

— 8.0

892 

89.3 

+ 0.1

79.7 

782 

— 2.0

58.5 

60.1 

+ 3.0

60.6 

59.7 

— 1.0

64.8 

35.6 

— 45.0

38.2 

44.4 

+ 16.0

44.1 

45.2 

+ .20

62.3 

60.3 

— 3.0

— 
TABLE 22.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 80 barrier islands off the Florida coast

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres c,

B

A

Amelia Island

Bird Island

Talbot Island

Guana

Anastasia

Matanzas

Flagler

Mosquito

Cape Canaveral

Cocoa Beach Island

Vero Beach Island

Hutchinson Island

Jupiter Island

Lake Worth

Palm Beach

Boca Raton

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-35

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

]945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

194* -55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945 -55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

2,3<>9 14.5

5,630 34.9

+ 3,261 +138.0

NA 

NA

-0-

102 

+ 102

NA 

NA

0.0 

5.3

136 3.4

379 9.6

+ 243 +179.0

786

1,770

+ 984

8.2 

17.3

+ 125.0

96 2.3

246 5.8

+ 150 +156.0

3,284 27.7

8,806 72.9

+ 5,522 +168.0

388 2.5

2,107 13.8

+ 1,719 +456

605 3.3

14,905 76.9

+ 14,300 +2,364.0

2,687 13.3

13,597 63.2

+ 10,910 +406.0

358

3,183

+ 2,825

142

985 

+ 843

778

904

+ 126

296

627

+ 331

2,368 

3,104 

+ 736

1,522

2,371

+ 849

2.5 

21.6

+ 789.0

1.9

13.2

+ 594.0

22.6

25.9

+ 16.0

37.9

77.8

+ 112.0

74.8

91.4

+ 31.0

56.7

88.0

+ 56.0

216 1.3

-0- 0.0

— 216 —100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

104

89

— 15

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

537

227

— 310

2,093

1,965

— 128

107

—0-

— 107

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

2.5

2.1

— 14.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

2.7

1.1

— 58.0

14.6

13.3

— 6.0

1.5

0.0

-100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

214 

+ 214

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

1.1

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5,392 32.9

6,474 40.1

+ 1,082 +20.0

NA 

NA

1,075 

1,270 

+ 195

1,380 

1,511 

+ 131

—0- 

1,681 

+ 1,681

1,169

3,035

+ 1,866

3,515

1,217

— 2,298

1,119

940

— 179

13,874

1,681

—12,193

11,169

3,699

— 7,470

4,716

3,021

— 1,695

250

217

— 33

438

322

— 116

98

—0-

— 98

312

240

— 72

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

45.6

64.2

+ 18.0

34.6

38.2

+ 9.0

0.0 

16.5

27.8

72.6

+ 160.0

29.3

10.1

— 65.0

7.1 

6.1

— 16.0

74.5 

8.6

— 88.0

55.4

17.2

— 67.0

32.8

20.4

— 36.0

3.4 

2.9

— 13.0

12.7 

9.2

— 27.0

12.5

0.0

— 100.0

9.9 

7.0

— 23.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

59 

+ 59

-0- 

21

+ 21

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.4

0.0 

0.1

115 0.6

614 3.1

— 449 +439.0

-0-

87

+ 87

0.0 

0.4

420 2.9

239 1.6

— 181 —43.0

99 1.3

-0- 0.0

— 99 —100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

6,815 41.6

3,225 20.0

-3,590 —53.0

NA 

NA

622

183

— 439

1,333 

1,649 

+ 316

6,259

4,667

— 1,592

2,256

249

— 2,007

1,344

941

— 403

11,649

9,502

— 2,147

3,117

1,378

— 1,739

5,075

3,022

— 2,053

6,127

6,373

+ 246

5,220

5,217

— 3

2,090 

2,258 

+ 168

274

179

— 95

142

35

— 107

849

326

— 523

NA 

NA

26.4 

9.2

— 71.0

33.4

41.6

+ 24.0

65.4

45.7

— 25.0

53.6 

5.9

— 89.0

11.2

7.7

— 30.0

74.4

62.5

— 18.0

16.7 

7.1

— 57.0

25.2

14.0

— 40.0

42.9

43.1

+ 3.0

71.3

70.4

— 0.1

60.6

64.9

+ 8.0

35.1

22.2

— 35.0

4.5 

1.0

— 75.0

31.7

12.0

— 62.0

-
TABLE 22.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 80 barrier islands off the Florida coast—Cont

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres f/r

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres c,

Hillsboro Beach

Fort Lauderdale

Miami Beach

Fisher Island

Virginia Key

Key Biscayne

Cape Sable

Mud Bay

Shark Point

McLaughlin

Alligator Cove

Duck Rock

Ten Thousand Islands ____

Cape Romano

Rice Island

Marco Island

Little Marco Group

194.-, -55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945--55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

485 55.3

869 100.0

+ 384 +79.0

269

1,024

+ 755

5,623

7,170

+ 1,547

44

13

— 31

24.4

94.1

+ 281.0

87.7

98.0

+ 27.0

20.9

5.8 

— 70.0

47 5.5

588 50.9

+ 541 +1,151.0

363 14.3

1,279 54.9

+ 916 +252.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

1,640 

+ 1,640

-0-

20 

+ 20

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

32.1

0.0 

0.6

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

314

489

+ 175

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

161 

+ 161

-0- 

73

+ 73

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.6

0.8

+ 56.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

3.1

0.0 

2.4

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

210 

+ 210

564

528

- 36

-0- 

572

+ 572

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1,140

119

— 1,021

-0-

643 

+ 643

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

94.2

65.4

45.7

— 6.0

0.0 

24.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

20.9

2.3

-90.0

0.0 

21.6

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

115

151

+ 36

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

173 

+ 173

NA 

NA

5,249

5,171

1,623

1,498

— 125

5,930

5,788

— 142

12,719

11,421

— 1,298

34,981

32,881

— 2,100

-0- 

198

+ 198

NA 

NA

-0- 

245

+ 245

-0-

86 

+ 86

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.8

2.0

+ 31.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

4.2

NA 

NA

8.9

— 1.0

9.1

7.7

— 8.0

29.9

32.5

— 2.0

37.0

36.7

— 10.0

64.0

58.5

— 6.0

0.0 

13.5

+

NA 

NA

0.0

4.8

+

0.0 

2.8

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 0.0

65 5.9

+ 65 +

NA 

NA

167

—0-

— 167

63

—0-

— 63

686

485

— 201

4,050

3,931

— 119

8,095

8,028

— 67

54,318

52,780

— 1,538

16,141

17,810

+ 1,669

13,871

12,022

— 1,849

21,620

19,730

— 1,890

19,343

22,919

+ 3,576

1,433

1,264

— 169

1,167

1,191

+ 24

4,325

540

— 3,785

2,025 

2,141 

+ 116

NA 

NA

79.1 

0.0

— 100.0

7.3 

0.0

— 100.0

27.1

20.7

— 29.0

100.0

95.8

— 3.0

100.0

100.0

— 1.0

91.2

91.9

— 3.0

90.9

92.3

+ 10.0

70.1

67.6

— 13.0

63.0

63.6

— 9.0

35.4

40.7

+ 18.0

100.0

86.5

— 12.0

100.0 

100.0 

+ 2.0

79.1

10.6

— 87.0

76.3

72.0 

+ 6.0
TABLE 22.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 80 barrier islands off the Florida coast—Contin

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres %

Naples Park

Bonita Beach

Big Hickory Island

Black Island

Estero Island

Sanibel Island

Captiva Island

North Captiva Island ____

Cayo Costa

Gasparilla

Little Island Group 

Manasota Key ___. 

Casey Key _____.

Sarasota ____. 

Lido Key ________

Longboat Key _. 

Anna Maria Key

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

-0-

281

+ 281

145

150

+ 5

NA

NA

-0-

126 

+ 126

729 

1,069 

+ 367

-0- 

2,310 

+ 2,310

280

541

+ 261

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

22.5

8.8

10.5

+ 3.0

NA

NA

0.0 

20.7

39.4

67.7

+ 47.0

0.0 

19.7

23.3

43.4

+ 93.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

618

982

+ 364

-0-

230 

+ 230 +

41 2.5

1,065 59.6

+ 1,024 +2,497.0

37.1

51.0

+ 59.0

0.0 

16.6

215

461

+ 246

1,017

2,157 

+ 1,140

388

841

+ 453

460

1,695

+ 1,235

1,053

1,927

+ 874

24.6

46.1

+ 114.0

42.8

84.4

+ 112.0

33.6

73.0

+ 117.0

15.8

57.7

+ 268.0

44.2

74.7 

+ 83.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 0.0

21 3,4

+ 21 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 0.0

135 1.1

+ 135 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

35

+ 35

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

2.8

NA 

NA

780 31.0

1,154 43.7

+ 374 +48.0

-0-

462 

+ 462

0.0 

24.0

80 6.0

354 25.6

+ 274 +342.0

-0- 

210

+ 210

-0-

74

+ 74

NA 

NA

-0- 

53

+ 53

0.0 

11.7

0.0

7.4

NA 

NA

0.0 

4.6

166 5.7

214 7.2

+ 48 +29.0

40 3.2

142 11.3

+ 102 +255.0

64

147

+ 83

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

3.9

10.2

+ 130.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

27 1.5

-0- 0.0

— 27 —100.0

203 1.9

271 2.3

+ 68 +33.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

43

+ 43

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

43

-0-

- 43

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

3.1

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.8

0.0

— 100.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

821 65.8

680 54.7

— 141 —17.0

1,213 73.5

1,088 76.3

— 125 —10.0

129 46.2

346 100.0

+ 217 +168

278 76.8

218 35.8

— 60 —22.0

697 37.7

238 15.1

— 459 —66.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 0.0

127 4.9

+ 127 +

10,462

8,256

— 2,206

504

624

+ 120

181

197

+ 16

1,284

974

— 310

890

134

— 756

841

173

— 668

1,068

165

— 903

572

73

— 499

1,015

161

— 854

581

106

— 475

1,902

970

— 932

936

201

— 735

98.1

70.9

— 21.0

42.0

50.0

+ 24.0

24.8

28.1

+ 9.0

51.1

36.9

— 24.0

53.4 

6.9

— 85.0

63.2

12.5

— 79.0

65.5 

9.2

— 85.0

65.5 

7.3

— 87.0

42.7 

6.3

— 84.0

50.3 

9.2

— 82.0

65.3

33.1

— 49.0

40.4 

7.7

— 78.0
TABLE 22.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 80 barrier islands off the Florida coast—Cont

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres %

Passage Key

Egmont Key

Mullet Key Group

Cabbage Key Group _____

Long Key

Treasure Island

Sand Key

Clearwater Beach Island __

Caladesi Island

Honeymoon Island

Anclote Keys

Bay Port

Pine Island

Chassahowitzka

Seashore Keys

Cedar Keys

Piney Island

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

525

+ 525

-0- 

326

+ 326

516

1,271

+ 755

306

824

+ 518

2,537

2,412

- 125

359

1,160

+ 801

NA 

NA

52

142

+ 90

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-flies

+ 168

NA 

NA

184

509

+ 325

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

43.6

0.0 

36.3

36.8

81.4

+ 146.0

40.0

76.1

+ 169.0

79.5 

68.3 

— 5.0

30.3

84.4 

+ 223.0

NA 

NA

7.6

19.8

+ 173.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.3

+

NA 

NA

17.7

53.7

+ 177.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

121 26.7

147 31.6

+ 2€ +21.0

-0-

91 

+ 91

0.0

7.5

-0- 0.0

+ 90 10.0

+ 90 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 0.0

412 11.7

+ 412 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

97 12.7

231 35.5

+ 134 +138.0

-0- 0.0

187 26.2

+ 187 +

-0- 0.0

32 6.1

+ 32 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 0.0

152 44.7

+ 152 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

13,414 

13,784 

+ 370

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

27.7 

28.4 

+ 3.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

—0- 0.0

318 68.4

+ 318 +

1,069 87.8

231 19.6

— 838 —78.0

652 77.2

91 10.1

— 561 —86.0

593 42.3

—0- 0.0

— 593 —100.0

247 32.2

67 6.1

— 180 —73.0

NA 

NA

658

199

— 459

445

346

— 99

459

48

— 411

185

303

+ 118

130

130

—0-

105 

100 

— 5

34,967

34,606

— 361

342

188

— 154

858

440

— 418

1,337

1,409

+ 72

NA 

NA

55.4

14.4

— 70.0

58.5

53.2

— 22.0

66.8 

6.7

— 89.0

59.5

58.2

+ 64.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

100.0

— 5.0

72.3

71.3

— 1.0

92.4

55.3

— 45.0

82.3

46.3

— 49.0

100.0

100.0

+ 5.0
TABLE 22.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 80 barrier islands off the Florida coast—Con

Name of island

St. George Island

St. Vincent Island _______

Cape San Bias _ _ ____

Shell Island

Category totals ____

Years 

compared

1945 55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1972-75 

A

1QAK KK

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

-0- 

146

+ 146

-0- 

746

+ 746

388

+ 388

-0-

578

+ 578

NA 

NA

42 

58 

+ 16

-0- 

326 

+ 326

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

1,621 

+ 1,621

419

2,472 

+ 2,053

-0- 

2,642

+ 2,642

-0- 

520 

+ 520

32,007 

101,988 

+ 69,981

0.0 

9.0

+

0.0 

19.4

+

0.0 

31.4

+

0.0

8.8

+

NA 

NA

11.1 

14.9 

+ 38.0

0.0

5.6

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

93.6

+

3.8 

22.2 

+ 490.0

0.0

23.5

+

0.0

17.7

+

6.2 

19.7 

+ 219.0

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

3,057 

2,437 

— 620

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.6 

0.5 

°0 0

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

279 

182 

— 97

81

+ 81

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

60 

+ 60

NA 

NA

593 

1,260 

+ 667

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

4.8 

3.2 

— 35.0

0.0 

4.7

+

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.5

+

NA 

NA

0.1 

0.2 

+ 112.0

Forest land 

Acres %

-0- 

749

+ 749

1,984 

1,911 

— 73

74 

80

+ 6

3,180 

2,792 

— 383

7,210 

8,378 

+ 1,168

157 

139

-18

3,840 

3,660 

— 180

365

527 

+ 162

-0- 

270 

+ 270

-0- 

92

+ 92

5,240 

4,851 

— 389

-0- 

569 

+ 569

-0- 

705

+ 705

69,505 

56,001 

— 13,504

0.0 

46.5

+

49.0 

50.0 

— 4.0

4.1 

4.4 

+ 8.0

49.5 

42.6 

— 12.0

59.1 

65.5 

+ 6.0

41.3 

36.0 

— 11.0

66.7 

63.5 

— 5.0

21.2 

31.2

+ 44.0

0.0 

20.2

+

0.0 

5.3

+

47.8 

43.8 

— 7.0

0.0 

5.0

+

0.0

24.1 

+

13.5 

10.8 

19 0

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

106

80 

— 26

NA 

NA

-0- 

46

46 +

188 

140 

— 49

NA 

NA

0

49

+ 49

54 

-0- 

— 54

-0- 

15

+ 15

-0- 

20 

+ 20

231 

226 

— 5

101 

41 

-60

-0- 

6

+ 6

75,722 

73,769 

— 1,953

NA 

NA

2.6

2.0 

— 24.0

NA 

NA

0.0 

0.7

+

1.6 

1.1 

— 25.0

NA 

NA

0.0

0.8

+

3.1 

0.0 

— 100.0

0.0 

1.1

+

0.0

1.1

+

2.1 

2.0 

— 2.0

0.9 

0.3 

— 59.0

0.0 

0.2

+

14.7 

14.2 

-3.0

Wetland 

Acres %

1,677 

587 

— 1,090

1,153 

836 

— 317

1,181 

1,012 

— 167

941 

883 

-58

4.219 

3,665 

— 1,054

NA 

NA

291 

251 

— 40

NA 

NA

618 

114 

— 504

602 

-0- 

— 602

2,716 

1,921 

— 795

1,197 

300 

— 897

694 

32 

— 662

281,186 

244,791 

— 36,940

94.3 

36.5 

— 65.0

28.4 

21.8 

— 27.0

65.4 

55.9 

— 14.0

14.6 

13.5 

-6.0

34.6 

28.7 

— 25.0

NA 

NA

5.1 

4.3 

-14.0

NA 

NA

41.8 

8.5 

— 82.0

34.2 

0.0 

— 100.0

24.8 

17.3 

— 29.0

11.0 

2.6 

— 75.0

23.3 

1.0 

— 95.0

54.6 

47.1 

— 13.0
TABLE 23.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 5 barrier islands off the Alabama coast

Name of island

Perdido Key West _______

Mobile Point _ _________

Category totals ____

Years 

compared

1945 55

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972«<75 

A

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

0 0.0

275 18.6

+ 275 +

-0- 0.0 

1,075 23.3 

+ 1,075 +

-0- 0.0 

2,650 15.4 

+ 2,650 +

NA NA 

NA NA

-0- 0.0 

1,273 27.5 

+ 1,273 +

-0- 0.0 

5,273 18.7 

+ 5,273 +

TABLE 24. — Changes in area

Name of island

Petit Bois Island __ _

Ship Island ____ ..__•; _____

Cat Island _____ ____

Category totals __

Years 

compared

1945-55 

1972-75 

A

1945-55 

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

1972-75 

A

1945-55

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

values of Level I

Agricultural 

land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA

NA

-0-

281

+ 281

-0-

1,849 

+ 1,849

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0- 

2,130 

+ 2,130

land use

NA 

NA

0.0

6.1

0.0 

10.6

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0

7.5

and land

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Forest land 

Acres %

-0- 0.0 

922 62.8

+ 922 +

-0- 0.0 

653 14.2 

+ 653 +

3,479 19.8 

5,261 30.5

+ 1,782 +51.0

NA NA 

NA NA

822 24.1 

115 2.8 

— 707 —86.0

4,301 16.2 

6,951 24.8 

+ 2,650 +62.0

cover for 5 barrier

Forest land 

Acres %

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

-0- 0.0 

17$ 45.9

+ 179 +

NA NA 

NA NA

NA NA 

NA NA

-0- 0.0 

179 1.8 

+ 179 +

Water bodies 

Acres %

27 

-0-

-27 -

807 

563 

— 244

2,564 

2,560 

_ 4

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

3,398 

3,123

— 275

islands

1.8 

0.0 

-100.0

20.3 

12.2 

— 30.0

14.6 

14.8 

— 0.2

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

12.8 

11.0 

— 8.0

off the

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

Wetland 

Acres %

1,284 85.9 

115 7.8 

— 1,169 —91.0

2,242 56.6 

1,286 28.0 

— 956 —43.0

8,435 48.0 

3,641 21.1 

— 4,794 —57.0

NA NA 

NA NA

1,327 38.8 

1,645 35.7

+ 318 +24.0

13,288 50.2 

6,687 23.7 

— 6,601 —50.0

Mississippi coast

Wetland 

Acres %

1,066 67.1 

858 53.2 

— 208 —20.0

1,986 52.0 

2,470 69.7 

+ 484 +24.0

479 96.4 

211 54.1 

— 268 —56.0

448 35.3 

678 40.3 

+ 230 +51.0

1,967 78.7 

1,747 70.7 

— 220 —11.0

5,946 61.4 

5,964 61.4 

+ 18 +0.3

— 

— 
TABLE 25.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 18 barrier islands off the Louisiana coast

Name of island

Chandeleur Island Group _

Grand Gosier Island _____

Breton Island __ _ ________

Sable Island _ —— ____ __

Raccoon Point _______

Coquille Point __ ___

Bird Island ______________

Pelican Island * — ________

Bastian Island i

Bay Joe Wise ____ _____

Bay Lamer _ _ _ _ _

Ronquille Island _ ____ _

Grande Terre Island Group

Grand Isle _ __ __ _

Years 

compared

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA

NA

10

45

+ 35

NA

NA

NA

NA

162

358

+ 196

NA

NA

13

NA

NA

NA

NA

-0-

2,547

+ 2,547

NA

NA

45

160

+ 115

1,121

1,901

+ 680

NA

NA

NA

NA

1.1

4.6

+ 350.0

NA

NA

NA

NA

7.1

16.4

+ 121.0

NA

NA

0.5

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.0

47.8

+

NA

NA

7.8

6.5

+ 256.0

29.0

48.0

+ 70.0

Agricultural 

land

Acres %

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Rangeland 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Forest land 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

V A 1^1 -fi

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

V A 1^1 -fi

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Water bodies 

Acres %

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

819

13

NA

NA

968

1,037

+ 69

NA

NA

NA

NA

360

397

+ 37

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

35.5

0.7

NA

NA

18.1

19.4

+ 7.0

NA

NA

NA

NA

Q Q y.o

10.0

+ 10.0

Wetland 

Acres %

6,387

6,387

-0-

NA

NA

531

365

— 166

134

+ 2

774

768

— 6

2,129

1,817

— 312

65

51

— 14

1,472

1,286

461

467

+ 6

4,386

1,753

— 2,633

0 EM _- OJ,

238

-15

2,411

2,291

— 120

1,622

1,421

— 201

62.4

62.4

0.0

NA

NA

55.9

38.0

— 31.0

100.0

100.0

+ 2.0

100.0

100.0

— 1.0

92.9

83.6

— 15.0

100.0

100.0

— 22.0

64.0

99.3

100.0

100.0

+ 1.0

81.9

32.8

— 60.0

100.0

100.0

— 6.0

98.2

93.5

— 5.0

42.0

35.9

— 12.0

B

A

3

3

-

+ 

V 

1

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

— 

1 No photographic coverage for 1945-55; totals do not include data for these islands.
ON ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS FOR 1942-55 AND 1972-75 35

!3

'^3

§ 

O

«fe»

•« 

S

e

?>

^ 't-.

!

-< 

o

M OO O i-; O M 00 O <N 00 O 

r-!oO <N 1O 00 Mi' O "t C^IOOJ

tO -H tC-OO O5OO OOMO OOJO (NrfO

OOOL- OO^M HJ?? 0? ri=3^ !-*IN'CJ

CO CO rt 00 00

OO CO U5 rH

_|_

"i -4-

1 O _L_ O

<o t- o

"
TABLE 26.—Changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for 16 barrier islands off the Texas coast

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres <#>

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres %

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres %

Bolivar Peninsula

Galveston Island

Rattlesnake Point

Follets Island

Brazos

Cedar Lakes

Brown Cedar

Matagorda Peninsula East

Matagorda Peninsula West

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55

1972-75

A

1945-55 

1972-75

817 3.4

3,187 12.6

+ 2,370 +290.0

7,215 25.2

9,722 32.9

+ 2,507 +35.0

65 0.3

-0- 0.0

— 65 —100.0

-0- 

147

+ 147

-0-

531 

+ 531

-0- 

147

+ 147

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

3.4

0.0 

21.0

0.0 

4.4

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

365 2.1

442 2.3

A +77 +17.0

Matagorda Island _____ 1945-55 596 1.1

1972-75 1,638 2.9

A +1,042 +175.0

St. Joseph Island _____ 1945-55 -0- 0.0

1972-75 13 0.03

A +13 +

Mustang Island ______- 1945-55 253 1.1

1972-75 1,298 5.4 

A

Padre Island North ____ 1945-55 -0- 0.0

1972-75 807 2.0

A +807 +

Padre Island Central __ 1945-55 NA NA

1972-75 NA NA 

A

Padre Island South ____ 1945-55 -0- 0.0

1972-75 1,478 3.7

A +1,478 +

Brazos Island ________ 1945-55 NA NA

1972-75 NA NA 

A

Category totals __ 1945-55 9,246 2.5

and _________ 1972-75 19,410 5.3

Change totals ___ A +10,164 +110.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA

NA

-0-

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.0

88 0.2

+ 88 +

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

65 0.02

88 0 02

+ 23 +35.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

5,472

5,324

— 148

23,079

22,009

— 1,070

10,390 

10,809 

+ 419

11,604

11,288

— 316

18,811

16,721

— 2,090

11,484

12,082

+ 598

5,123

3,891

— 1,232

3,164

3,181

+ 17

89,127

85,305

— 3,822

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

32.5

28.6

— 3.0

41.2

39.3

— 5.0

23.1

23.8

+ 4.0

48.3

47.3

—3.0

44.6

40.4

— 11.0

18.7

18.5

+ 5.0

12.7 

9.7

— 24.0

41.1

41.4

+ 1.0

23.6

23.5

— 4.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

816 

1,152 

+ 336

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

816 

1,152 

+ 336

NA

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

1.8

2.5

+ 41.0

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

0.2

0.3 

+ 41.0

1,589 

1,453 

— 136

811

768

— 43

NA 

NA

411

390

-21

1,991 

1,978 

— 13

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

NA 

NA

-0-

96 

+ 96

9,508 

9,«3l 

+ 123

6.5 

5.7

— 9.0

2.8 

2.5

— 5.0

NA 

NA

16.2

15.4

— 5.0

162 4.9

141 4.2

— 21 —13.0

25.5 

25.3 

— 1.0

NA 

NA

248 2.2

224 1.9

— 24 —10.0

82 0.5

192 1.0

+ 90 +134.0

3,610 6.4

3,802 6.7

+ 192 +5.0

211 0.6

281 0.6

+ 20 +8.0

343 1.4

306 1.3

— 37 —11.0

NA 

NA

NA

NA

NA 

NA

0.0 

1.2

2.5

2.7

+ 1.0

21,061 

_20,294

— 167

18,566

17,837

— 729

3,977

3,756

— 221

1,153

922

— 231

1,648 

1,754 

+ 106

4,248

4,262

+ 14

781

774

— 7

6,310

6,234

— 76

6,319

7,597

+ 1,278

23,000

22,829

— 171

22,314

21,216

— 1,098

8,612

8,093

— 519

8,219

7,550

— 669

31,214

32,870 

+ 1,656

26,157

25,920

— 237

4,276

4,250

— 26

187,855

186,158

— 1,697

86.6

80.4

— 4.0

65.0

60.4

— 4.0

93.9

88.8

— 6.0

45.4

36.5

— 20.0

49.4

52.9

+ 6.0

54.3

54.5

+ 0.3

53.1

53.1

— 1.0

55.7

55.2

— 1.0

37.5

40.8

+ 20.0

41.0

40.7

— 1.0

49.7

46.6

— 5.0

35.8

33.9

— 6.0

19.5

182

—8.0

50.8

50.5

+ 5.0

64.9

64.6

— 1.0

55.6

55.3

— 1.0

49.8

51.2

— 1.0

+ 

+ 

+ 
TABLE 27.—Summary of changes in area values of Level I land use and land cover for all Atlantic and Gulf Coast barrier islands in t

[Data do not include those islands that had no photographic coverage in 1945-55 (see tables 9, 12, and 25) ; acres in boldface type; percents in 

Name of island

Years 

compared

Urban or 

built-up land 

Acres %

Agricultural

land 

Acres %

Rangeland 

Acres %

Forest land 

Acres 9o

Water bodies 

Acres %

Wetland 

Acres

Category totals/ 

all islands _____

Change totals/ 

all islands ____

1945-55 

1972-75

90,410

228,679

5.5 

13.6

A +138,269 +153.0

14,746

10,160

0.9 

0.6

101,019

98,812

— 4,586 —31.0 —2,207

6.1 

5.9

-2.0

168,161 10.2 101,992 6.2

152,224 9.1 101,250 6.0

— 15,937 —10.0

918,015 55.6 

838,882 50.0 

— 742 —0.7 —79,133 —9.0 

APPENDIX II

Index maps (figs. 2-7) and land use and land cover maps (figs. 8-125) of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast barrier islands, 1972-75.

74°

APPENDIX II: INDEXES TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 41

66°

7T

47 C

VERMONT

NEW 

HAMPSHIRE

MAINE

NEW 

YORK

GROUP 1:

NEW ENGLAND

BARRIER ISLANDS

/ MASSACHUSETTS

nCONNECTICUT - '

100 MILES

100 KILOMETERS

GROUP 2: 

NEW YORK BIGHT

BARRIER ISLANDS

FIGURE 2.—Index to land use and land cover maps of the New England and New York Bight barrier islands.
42 APPENDIX II: INDEXES TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

NEW 

JERSEY

PENNSYLVANIA

MARYLAND

GROUP 3:

MID-ATLANTIC

BARRIER ISLANDS

NORTH CAROLINA

FIGURE 3.—Index to land use and land cover maps of the Mid-Atlantic barrier islands.
APPENDIX II: INDEXES TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 43

82° 76°

35°

NORTH CAROLINA

\

SOUTH CAROLINA

28°

GROUP 3:

MID-ATLANTIC

BARRIER ISLANDS

GROUP 4:

SEA ISLANDS

BARRIER ISLANDS

100 MILES

100 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 4.—Index to land use and land cover maps of the Mid-Atlantic, Sea Islands, and Florida Atlantic barrier islands.
44 APPENDIX II: INDEXES TO LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

86° 80°

3V

GROUP 6:

EASTERN GULF COAST 

BARRIER ISLANDS

GROUP 5: 

FLORIDA 

ATLANTIC 

BARRIER 

ISLANDS

100 MILES

100 KILOMETERS

26°

FIGURE 5.—Index to land use and land cover maps of the Florida and Eastern Gulf barrier islands.
92° 

32q

ALABAMA

29°

EASTERN GULF COAST 

BARRIER ISLANDS

GROUP 7:

LOUISIANA 

BARRIER ISLANDS

FLORID

100 

100 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 6.—Index to land use and land cover maps of the Eastern Gulf and Louisiana barrier islands.
98° 92°

30°

25°

TEXAS

(\J^L^7

£J

~y

SJ20

rP\/A

/fi 19

IS

J>

?lt8

T "' 

'117

GROUP 8:

TEXAS

BARRIER ISLANDS

100 

100 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 7.—Index to land use and land cover maps of the Texas barrier islands.
THE NEW ENGLAND BARRIER ISLANDS 

69°45'

43°45'

*£n

/^r-Popham Beach

sSmall Point „ ^

&'

43°30'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Bath (L-44)

FIGURE 8.—Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Bath, Maine, with associated barrier islands.
48 APPENDIX II: GROUP 1 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

70°30' 70°15'

43°30'

43°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Portland (L-83)

FIGURE 9.—Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Portland, Maine, with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW ENGLAND BARRIER ISLANDS 

70°45'

49

70°30'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Boston (L-69)

42°45'

FIGURE 10. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Gloucester, Mass., with associated barrier islands.
50 APPENDIX II: GROUP 1 AND GROUP 2

70°45'

42°15

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Boston (L-69)

42°00'

FIGURE 11.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Boston, Mass., with associated barrier islands.
42°00'

LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

70°30'

51

41°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Providence (L-84)

FIGURE 12.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Plymouth, Mass., with associated barrier islands.
52

42°00

APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

70°15' 69°53'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Providence (L-84)

41°45' —

FIGURE 13.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Cod, Mass., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

70°15'

53 

70°00'

42°15

42°00'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Boston (L-69)

Provincelands^

FIGURE 14.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Provincetown, Mass., with associated barrier

islands.
54 APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

70°15' 69°53'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Providence (L-84)

41°00'

FIGURE 15. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Nantucket, Mass., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

70°45'

55

70°30'

41°30'

Nashawena

54

Katama Bay 

Edgartown Great Ponds

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Providence (L-84)

FIGURE 16.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Martha's Vineyard, Mass., with associated barrier

islands.
56 APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

71°00' 70°44'30"

41°30'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Providence (L-84)

FIGURE 17. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near New Bedford, Mass., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

71°30'

57

41°30'

Block 

Island

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Providence (L-84)

FIGURE 18.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Newport, R.I., with associated barrier islands.
58

72°00'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

71°45'

Charlestown

Weekapaug

Block Island

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Providence (L-84)

41°00'

FIGURE 19.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Mystic, Conn., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

72°45'

59

72°30'

^

41

Hammonasset Point

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Hartford (L-79)

41°00'

FIGURE 20. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near New Haven, Conn., with associated barrier islands.
60 APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

73°15' 73°00'

41°15

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Hartford (L-79)

FIGURE 21. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Bridgeport, Conn., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

72°15'

41°00

Fishers Islanc

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Hartford (L-79)

Northwest Harbor

Maidstone Park

FIGURE 22. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near New London, Conn., with associated barrier islands.
62

41°00'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

72°15' 72°00'

40°45'

^Southampton

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. New York (L-82)

FIGURE 23. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Southampton, N.Y., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

72°45' 72°30'

63

^Hampton

40°45'

xFire Island

40°30'

Southampton

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. New York (L-82)

FIGURE 24. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Brookhaven, N.Y., with associated barrier islands.
64 APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

73°00' 72°45'

40°45'

40°30' -

Fire Island

10 MILES

I I 

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. New York (L-82)

FIGURE 25.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Fire Island, N.Y., with associated barrier islands.
40°45'

OF THE NEW YORK BIGHT BARRIER ISLANDS 

73°30' 73°15'

65

40°30'

Fire Island

Jones Beach Island

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, New York (L-82)

FIGURE 26. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Lindenhurst, N.Y., with associated barrier islands.
66

74°00'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 2 AND GROUP 3 

73°45'

40°30'

-Sandy Hook

40°15'

Jones Beach Island

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, New York (L-82)

FIGURE 27.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near New York, N.Y., with associated barrier islands.
LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 67

74°00'

40°30'

40°15'

(?

v Sandy Hook-""!/

51,

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Newark (L-33)

FIGURE 28.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Sandy Hook, N.J., with associated barrier islands.
68 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

74°15' 74°00'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Wilmington (L-38)

39°45'

FIGURE 29. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Toms River, N.J., wife associated barrier islands.
74°30'

OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS

74°15'

69

39°30'

39°15'

Long Beach Island

Little Beach Island (Pullen Island)

^ Brigantine

^—Atlantic City

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Wilmington (L-38)

FIGURE 30. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Atlantic City, N. J., with associated barrier islands.
70

39°15

39°00'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

74°45' 74°30'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Wilmington (L-38)

FIGURE 31.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Ocean City, N.J., with associated barrier islands.
39°00'

OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 

75°00'

71

74°45'

38°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Salisbury (L-65)

FIGURE 32.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Rehoboth Beach, Del., with associated barrier

islands.
72 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

75°00'

38°30'

Fenwick Island North

Fenwick Island South

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Salisbury (L-65)

FIGURE 33.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Ocean City, Md., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 

75°15'

73

—Fenwick Island 

South

38°15'

'—Assateague Island North

10 MILES

I I 

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Salisbury (L-65)

38°00' Assateague Island South

FIGURE 34.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Assateague Island, Md., with associated barrier

islands.
APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

75°30' 75°15'

Assateague 

Island South

Wallops Island

Assawomen Island

Metomkin Island

Cedar Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Eastville (L-58) Parramore Island

37°45

FIGURE 35. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Chincoteague, Va., with associated barrier islands.
76°00'

OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS

75°45'

75

37°30' —

37°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Eastville (L-58)

FIGURE 36. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Charles, Va., with associated barrier islands.
76 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

76°00' 75°45'

36°45'

36°30' —,

Bodie Island North

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Eastville (L-58)

Bodie Island South

FIGURE 37. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Virginia Beach, Va., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 77

76°00' 75°45'

36°15' —

36°00'

«\\\^-Bodie Island South

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Eastville (L-58)

FIGURE 38. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Kitty Hawk, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
78

36°00'

75°45'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

75°30'

35°45'

Bodie Island South

Hatteras Island

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Manteo (L-61)

FIGURE 39. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Nags Head, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 79

(0

X

O 

CO

SCNI

>-

II

•s

ri E

CD >—

-

O 

^

w

o 

E

O

COo

Lf>

CO
80 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

75°30' 75°15'

35°30'

r-Hatteras Island

35°15'

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Manteo (L-61)

FIGURE 41.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Hatteras, N.C., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 81

03

-G

o

O

^4

03 

CD

C

03O>

CD

-G
82

35W

APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

76°15' 76°00'

34°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beaufort (L-67)

FIGURE 43. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Atlantic, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 83

76°45' 76°30'

34°45'

34°30'

Core Banks South

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beaufort (L-67)

FIGURE 44. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Lookout, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
84 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

77°00' 76°45'

34°45'

34°30'

Bogue Banks

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beaufort (L-67).

FIGURE 45.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Morehead City, N.C., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 

77°15'

85

34°30'

34°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250.000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beaufort (L-67)

FIGURE 46. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Jacksonville, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
86 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

77°45' 77°30'

34°30

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beaufort (L-67)

34°15'

FIGURE 47. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Hampstead, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
78°00'

OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS

77°45'

87

34°15

Lee Island 

Rich Inlet

Figure Eight Island

Wrightsville Beach

Masonboro Island

Carolina Beach Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beaufort (L-67)

34°00

FIGURE 48. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Wrightsville Beach, N.C., with associated barrier

islands.
88 

34°00'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

78°15' 78°00'

33°45'

Smith Island (Cape Fear)'

Carolina

Beach

Island

Holden Beach Island Oak Islan

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Georgetown (L-76)

FIGURE 49.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Fear, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
34°00'

OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 

78°30'

89

Holden Beach Island

ales Beach Island

33°45'

Sunset Beach Island

lird Island 

^Waites Island

10 MILES

] 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Georgetown (L-76)

FIGURE 50. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Seaside, N.C., with associated barrier islands.
90 APPENDIX II: GROUP 3 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

79°00'

33°30' —

33°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Georgetown (L-76)

FIGURE 51. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Georgetown, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
79°30'

OF THE MID-ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS

79° 15'

91

33°15'

33°00'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Georgetown (L-76)

FIGURE 52. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Remain, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
92 APPENDIX II: GROUP 4 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

79°45' 79°30'

32°45'

Sumvans Island

Morris Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, James Island (L-59)

FIGURE 53. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Isle of Palms, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
80°00'

OF THE SEA ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS

79°45'

93

32°45'

32°30'

Folly Island

Morris Island

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, James Island (L-59)

FIGURE 54. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Charleston, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
94 APPENDIX II: GROUP 4 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

80°15' SOW

32°30'

32°15' —

Kiawah Island

74NSeabrook Island

^-•Devaux Banks 

Botany Bay Island

Edisto Island

\_ / Pine Island X0tter Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Savannah (L-56)

FIGURE 55. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Edisto Island, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE SEA ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS 

80°30'

95

32°30'

32°15'

Hunting Island

£2*T * ^Fr\p Island

Pritchards Island 

Little Capers Island

'St. Phillips Island

•Bay Point Island

Hilton Head Island 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Savannah (L-56)

FIGURE 56. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Beaufort, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
96 APPENDIX II: GROUP 4 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

80°45'

32°15'

32°00'

^Hilton Head Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Tybee Island Land Use and Land Cover maP- Eastville (L-56)

FIGURE 57. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Hilton Head, S.C., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE SEA ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS 97

32°00'

80°45'

31°45'

Tybee Island 

Little Tybee Island 

Williamson Island

Wassaw Island

^Ossabaw Island

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brunswick (L-71)

FIGURE 58.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Savannah Beach, Ga., with associated barrier

islands.
APPENDIX II: GROUP 4 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

81W

Wassaw Island

Ossabaw Island

— St. Catherines Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brunswick (L-71)

31°45' —

FIGURE 59. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near St. Catherines Island, Ga., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE SEA ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS

31°30'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brunswick (L-71)

FIGURE 60. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Sapelo Island, Ga., with associated barrier islands.
100 APPENDIX II: GROUP 4 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brunswick (L-71)

31°00

FIGURE 61.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Brunswick, Ga., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE SEA ISLANDS BARRIER ISLANDS 101

81°30'

30°45'

514

62 ^2) 62

'Little Cumberland Island

?—Cumberland Island

62 */

6Z

-Amelia Island

10 MILES

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Jacksonville (L-9)

I _______

FIGURE 62.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cumberland Island, Ga., with associated barrier

islands.
102 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

81°30'

30°45'

Amelia Island

30°30' — /Bird Island

Talbot Island

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Jacksonville (L-9)

FIGURE 63.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Fernandina Beach, Fla., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 103

81°30

30°15'

SOW

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Jacksonville (L-9)

FIGURE 64. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Jacksonville, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
104 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

30°00'

81°00'

29°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250.000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Daytona Beach (L-6)

FIGURE 65. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near St. Augustine, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS

81°00'

105

29°30'

• Matanzas

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Daytona Beach (L-6)

,—Flagler

FIGURE 66. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Marineland, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
106 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

81W

29°15'

80°45'

29°00'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Daytona Beach (L-6)

FIGURE 67. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Daytona Beach, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 107

29°00' 80°45'

28°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Orlando (L-12)

FIGURE 68.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Titusville, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
108 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

80°45' 80°30'

28°30'

28°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Orlando (L-12)

FIGURE 69. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Merritt Island, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 109

80°30'

28°15'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Orlando (L-12)

28°00'

FIGURE 70. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cocoa Beach, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
110 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

28°00

80°35'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. GeologicaLSurvey 1:250.000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Fort Pierce (L-7)

r-Vero Beach Island

27°45' I—

FIGURE 71.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Vero Beach, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 111

80°15'

27°30' —

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Fort Pierce (L-7)

FIGURE 72.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Fort Pierce, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
112 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

80°15' 80°00'

27°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Fort Pierce (L-7)

FIGURE 73.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Jupiter, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 113

27°00' SOW

,/Jupiter Island

26°45'

Worth

Palm Beach

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, West Palm Beach (L-18)

FIGURE 74.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near West Palm Beach, Fla., with associated barrier

islands.
114 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

80°00'

26°30' —

26°15' =

— Palm Beach

— Boca Raton

Hillsboro Beach

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, West Palm Beach (L-18)

FIGURE 75. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Boca Raton, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE FLORIDA ATLANTIC BARRIER ISLANDS 

80°QQ'

115

26°15'

26°00'

N-Boca Raton

HHillsboro Beach

713

UJ

-Fort Lauderdale

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, West Palm Beach (L-18)

FIGURE 76. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
116 APPENDIX II: GROUP 5 AND GROUP 6

80°15' 80°00'

i—Miami Beach

25°45

— Fisher Island 

f,:—Virginia Key

?

— Key Biscayne

10 MILES 

I

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Miami (L-11)

FIGURE 77.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Miami, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 117

25°15'

Shark Point

Mud Bay

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Miami (L-11)

Cape Sable x

FIGURE 78.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cape Sable, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
118 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

81°30'

25°30'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Miami (L-11)

FIGURE 79. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Alligator Cove, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 

81°30'

119

25°45'

25°30'

Ten Thousand Islands

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Miami (L-11)

FIGURE 80. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Everglades, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
120 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

81°45'

Little Marco Group

Marco

Rice Island^

Cape Romano^"

25°45'

10 MILES

I 

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Miami (L-11)

FIGURE 81. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Marco, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
82°00'

OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS

81°45'

121

26°15' —

26°00'

Estero Island

Big Hickory Islan

Bonita Beach

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, West Palm Beach (L-18)

Little Marc 

Group

FIGURE 82. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Naples, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
122 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

82°15' 82°00'

30°30' —

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Tampa (L-16)

FIGURE 83. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Fort Meyers, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 123

82°30' 82°15'

27°00' —

26°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Tampa (L-16)

FIGURE 84. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Venice, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
124 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

82°45' 82°30'

27°30'

Anna Maria Key—

27°15'

Longboat Key

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Tampa (L-16)

FIGURE 85.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Sarasota, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 

82°45'

125

28°00'

27°45'

Clearwater Beach Island

Treasure Island

Cabbage Key Group

Mullett Key Group

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Tampa (L-16)

Passage Key

/Anna Maria Key

FIGURE 86. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near St. Petersburg, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
126 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

82°45'

28°15

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Plant City (L-14)

Anclote Keys

Honeymoon Island

Caladesi lsland\

Clearwater 

Beach Island

FIGURE 87.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Tarpon Springs, Fla., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 

82°45'

127

28°45' —

28°30'

This map is a portion of the U.S. .Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Plant City (L-14)

FIGURE 88.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Chassahowitzka, Fla., with associated barrier

islands
128 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

83°15' 83°00'

29°15'

29°00'

Seashore Keys0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Gainesville (L-8)

FIGURE 89.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Cedar Key, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
84°30'

OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS

84°15'

129

30°00

10 MILES

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250.000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Tallahassee (L-15)

FIGURE 90. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Panacea, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
130 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

84°30' 84°15'

29°45'

Alligator Point

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Apalachicola (L-5)

FIGURE 91. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Saint Teresa, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 131

84°45'

29°45'

Dog Island

. George Island

10 MILES 

J

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Apalachicola (L-5)

FIGURE 92.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Carrabelle, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
132 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

85°00'

29°45'

St. Vincent Island/

29°30'

St. George Island

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Apalachicola (L-5)

FIGURE 93. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Apalachicola, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 

85°30' 85°15'

133

29°45'

Cape San Bias

Indian Peninsula/

St. Vincent IslancK

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Apalachicola (L-5)

FIGURE 94. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Port St. Joe, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
134 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

85°45' 85°30'

30°00'

Shell Island

Crooked Island'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Tallahassee (L-15)

FIGURE 95. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Panama City, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS

30°15'

Santa Rosa Island

10 MILES

] 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Pensacola (L-13)

FIGURE 96.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Fort Walton Beach, Fla., with associated barrier

islands.
136 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

86°45'

30°15'

30°00'

10 MILES 

J

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Pensacola (L-13)

FIGURE 97. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Mary Esther, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 

87°15'

137

30°15'

30°00'

\Santa Rosa Island

87°00'

10 MILES

] 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Pensacola (L-13)

FIGURE 98. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Pensacola, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
138 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

87°30'

30°15'

30°00'

Perdido Key East

Perdido Key West

^Romar Beach

10 MILES

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Pensacola (L-13)

FIGURE 99.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Warrington, Fla., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 139

88°00' 87°45'

30°15'

'Mobile Point

10 MILES

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Pensacola (L-13)

30°00'

FIGURE 100.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Gulf Shores, Ala., with associated barrier islands.
140 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

88°15' 88°00'

30°15

30°00'

-Petit Bois Island

54-

Sand Island^

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Mobile (L-53)

FIGURE lOl.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Dauphin Island, Ala., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS

88°30'

141

30°15'

v-—,

Horn Island^

30°00'

.54-

Petit Bois Island

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Mobile (L-53)

FIGURE 102. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Pascagoula, Miss., with associated barrier islands.
142 APPENDIX II: GROUP 6 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

89°00' 88°45'

30°15'

\Ship Island

30°00'

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Mobile (L-53)

FIGURE 103.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Biloxi, Miss., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE EASTERN GULF COAST BARRIER ISLANDS 143

89°15' 89°00'

30° 15'

30°00' —

10 MILES

I 

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Mobile (L-53)

FIGURE 104.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Gulfport, Miss., with associated barrier islands.
144 

30°00

APPENDIX II: GROUP 7 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

89°00' 88°45'

29°45'

Chandeleur Island

55

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Breton Sound (Open file 75-246).

55

FIGURE 105.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Chandeleur Islands, La., with associated barrier

islands.
89° 15'

OF THE LOUISIANA BARRIER ISLANDS

89°00'

145

29°30'

Grand Cosier Island

Islands

66

Chandeleur Island Group

10 MILES

J

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Breton Sound (Open file 75-246).

FIGURE 106. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Breton Island, La., with associated barrier islands.
146 APPENDIX II: GROUP 7 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

89°30' 89°15'

29°30'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Breton Sound (Open file 75-246).

Breton Islands

Sable Island

Raccoon Point

oquille Point

FIGURE 107.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Venice, La., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE LOUISIANA BARRIER ISLANDS 

89°30'

147

29°15'

29°00'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,OOG-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Breton Sound (Open file 75-246).

FIGURE 108.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Pilottown, La., with associated barrier islands.
148

90W

APPENDIX II: GROUP 7 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

89°45'

29°15'

'"- ' ~ ^ Roriquille Island 

Grande Terre ay LaMer 

Bay Joe Wise

29°00'

10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Breton Sound (Open file 75-246).

FIGURE 109.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Grand Isle, La., with associated barrier islands.
90°08' 

29°15'

OF THE LOUISIANA BARRIER ISLANDS 

90°00'

149

89°45'

29°00'

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, New Orleans (Open file 75-245).

FIGURE 110. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Caminada Pass, La., with associated barrier islands.
150 APPENDIX II: GROUP 7 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

90°30' 90°15'

Timbalier Island^

29°00'

28°45'

10 MILES

10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, New Orleans (Open file 75-245).

FIGURE 111. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Leeville, La., with associated barrier islands.
91°00'

29°00'

28°45'

OF THE LOUISIANA BARRIER ISLANDS

90°45'

151

Isles Dernieres

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250.000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. New Orleans (Open file 7S-245).

FIGURE 112. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Isles Dernieres, La., with associated barrier islands.
152 APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

94°45' 94°30'

29°30'

29°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Houston (L-51)

FIGURE 113.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Galveston Island, Tex., with associated barrier

islands.
OF THE TEXAS BARRIER ISLANDS 153

95°00'

29° 15'

29°00'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Houston (L-51)

FIGURE 114.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Jamaica Beach, Tex., with associated barrier

islands.
154 APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

29°00'

95°30' 95°15'

bllets Island

Brazos

28°45'

10 MILES

J

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Bay City (L-50)

FIGURE 115.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Freeport, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE TEXAS BARRIER ISLANDS 155

29°00'

96°00' 95°45'

28°45'

xBrown Cedar

^Matagorda Peninsula East

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Bay City (L-50)

FIGURE 116.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Matagorda, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
156 APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

96°15'

28°30' —

96°00'

28°15' -

Matagorda Peninsula West

— Matagorda Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beeville (L-68)

FIGURE 117. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Palacios, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE TEXAS BARRIER ISLANDS 

96°30'

157

28°30'

28°15' —

Matagorda 

Peninsula West

Matagorda Island

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beeville (L-68)

FIGURE 118. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Port O'Connor, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
158 APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

96°45'

28°15'

28°00'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Beeville (L-68)

FIGURE 119.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Austwell, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
97°15'

28°00'

OF THE TEXAS BARRIER ISLANDS

97°00'

159

St. Joseph Island

27°45'

^Mustang Island

10 MILES

5 '10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map. Corpus Christi (L-73)

FIGURE 120. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Corpus Christi, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
160 APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

97°15'

27°30'

Mustang Island

Padre Island North

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Corpus Christi (L-73)

FIGURE 121. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Laguna Vista, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE TEXAS BARRIER ISLANDS 161

97°30' 97°15'

27°15'

27°00'

Padre Island North

Padre Island Central

10 MILES

, 5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Corpus Christ! (L-73)

FIGURE 122. - Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Griffins Point, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
162

27°00'

97°30'

APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

97°15'

26°45'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brownsville (L-70)

73/1 x n Padre Island Central

62

FIGURE 123. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Lopena, Tex., with associated barrier islands.
OF THE TEXAS BARRIER ISLANDS 

97°15'

26°30' —

26°15'

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brownsville (L-70)

FIGURE 124. -Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Padre Island South, Tex., with associated barrier

islands.
164 APPENDIX II: GROUP 8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS 

97°15' 97°00'

26°00'

25°45' —

Padre Island South

Brazos Island

10 MILES

5 10 KILOMETERS

This map is a portion of the U.S. Geological Survey 1:250,000-scale 

Land Use and Land Cover map, Brownsville (L-70)

FIGURE 125.-Land use and land cover map of the coastal area near Port Isabel, Tex., with associated barrier islands.

•6 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980 O—311-344/188