Justice Expenditure 

and Employment 

in the U.S., 1971-79 

• _ .• _ .•. ',I"lt .• _1- -I 

I I . 

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Federal . 
Bureau of Justice Statistics reports (revised August 1984) 

Single copies are available free from the National 

Criminal Justice Reference Service, Box 6000, 

Rockville, Md. 20850 (use NCJ number to order). 

Postage and handling are charged for multiple 

copies: up to 10 titles free; 11-40, $10; more than 

40, $20; libraries call for special rates 

(301/251-5500). 

Public-use tapes of BJS data sets and other 

criminal Justice data are available from the Criminal 

Justice Archive and Information Network, P.O. 

Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Mlch.481 06, (313/764-5199). 

National Crime Survey 

Criminal victimization in the U.S.: 

1982 (final report), NCJ-92820, 10/84 

1973-82 trends, NCJ-90541, 9/83 

1981 (final report), NCJ-90208 

1980 (final report), NCJ-84015, 4/83 

1979 (final report), NCJ-76710, 12/81 

BJS special reports: 

The economic cost of crime to victims, NCJ93450,4/84 

Family violence, NCJ-93449, 4/84 

BJS bulletins: 

Criminal victimization 1983, NCJ-93869, 6/84 

Households touched by crime, 1983, NCJ93658.5/84 

Violent crime by strangers, NCJ-80829. 4/82 

Crime and the elderly, NCJ-79614, 1/82 

Measuring crime, NCJ-75710. 2/81 

The National Crime Survey: Working papers. 

vol. I: Current and historical perspectives. 

NCJ-75374.8/82 

Crime against the elderly in 26 cities, 

NCJ-767Q6, 1/82 

The Hispanic victim, NCJ-69261. 11/81 

Issues in the measurement of crime, 

NCJ-74682.10/81 

Criminal victimization of California residents, 

1974-77, NCJ-70944, 6/81 

Restitution to victims of personal and household 

crimes, NCJ-72770, 5/81 

Criminal victimization of New York State 

residents, 1974-77, NCJ-66481, 9/80 

The cost of negligence: Losses from preventable 

household burglaries. NCJ-53527, 12/79 

Rape victimization in 26 American cities, 

NCJ-55878, 8/79 

Criminal victimization in urban schools, 

NCJ-56396, 8/79 

Crime a9ainst persons in urban, suburban, and 

rural areas, NCJ-53551. 7/79 

An introduction to the National Crime Survey, 

NCJ-43732. 4/78 

Local victim surveys: A review of the issues. 

NCJ-39973. 8/77 

See order form on last page. 

Corrections 

BJS bulletins: 

Capital punishment 1983, NCJ-93925,7/84 

Prisoners in 1983, NCJ-92948, 4/84 

Prisoners 1925-81, NCJ-85861. 12/82 

Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions on 

December 31, 1981 (final report), NCJ-86485. 

7/83 

Capital punishment 1981 (final report), 

NCJ-86484, 5/83 

1979 surveyof inmates of State correctiona' facilities 

and 1979 census of State correctional facilities: 

BJS special report: 

Time served in prison, NCJ-93924, 6/84 

Career patterns in crime, NCJ-88672, 6/83 

BJS bulletins: 

Pr!soners and drugs, NCJ-87575, 3/83 

Prisoners and alcohol, NCJ-86223. 1/83 

Prisons and prisoners, NCJ-80697. 2/82 

Veterans in prison, NCJ-79632. 11/81 

Census of jails and survey of jail inmates: 

Jail inmates 1982 (BJS bulletin). NCJ-87161, 2/83 

Census of iails, 1978: Data for individual jails, 

va Is. I-IV. r~ort"east. North Central, South. West. 

NCJ-72279-72282,12/81 

Profile of jail inmates, 1978, NCJ-65412. 2/81 

Census of jails and survey of jail inmates 1978 

preliminary report, NCJ-55172, 5/79 ' , 

Parole alld probation 

BJS bulletins: 

Probation and parole 1982, NCJ-89874 

9/83 

Setting prison terms, NCJ-76218. 8/83 

Characteristics of persons entering parole 

during 1978 and 1979, NCJ-87243. 5/83 

Characteristics of the parole population, 1978, 

NCJ-66479.4/81 

Parole in the U.S., 1979, NCJ-69562, 3/81 

Courts 

BJS special reports: 

Criminal defense systems: A national 

survey, NCJ-94630, 8/84 

Habeas corpus, NCJ-92949, 3/84 

The prosecution of felony arrests, 1979, NCJ86482,5/84 

State court caseload statistics: 

i 917 and 1981 (BJS special report), 

NCJ-87587,2/83 

State court organization 1980, NCJ-76711, 7/82 

State court model statistical dictionary, 

NCJ-62320, 9/80 

A cross-city comparison of felony case 

processing, NCJ-55171. 7/79 

Federal criminal sentencing: Perspectives of 

analYSis and a design for research, NCJ-33683, 

10/78 

Variations in Federal criminal sentences, 

NCJ-33684. 10/78 

Predicting sentences in Federal courts: The 

feasibility of a national sentenCing policy, 

NCJ-33686, 10/78 

State and local prosecution and civil attorney 

systems, NCJ-41334, 7/78 

1M 'zmer 

Expenditure and employment 

Justice expenditure and employment In the 

U.S., 1979 (final report), NCJ-87242, 12/83 

Justice expenditure and employment in the 

U.S., 1971-79, NCJ-92596,10/84 

Privacy and security 

Computer c~: Electronic fund transfer and crime, 

NCJ-92650, 2/84 

Computer security techniques, 

NCJ-84049, 9/82 

Electronic fund transfer systems and crime, 

NCJ-83736, 9/82 

Legislative resource manual, NCJ-78890, 9/81 

Expert witness manual, NCJ-77927, 9/81 

Criminal justice resource manual, NCJ-61550. 

12/79 

Privacy and security of criminal history 

information: 

A guide to research and statistical use, 

NCJ-69790.5/81 

A guide to dissemination, NCJ·40000 1/79 

Compendium of State legislation: 

NCJ-48981, 7/78 

1981 supplement, NCJ-79652. 3/82 

Criminal justice Information policy' 

Research access to criminal justice data, 

NCJ-84154, 2/83 

Privacy end juvenile justice records, 

NCJ-84152, 1/83 

Survey of State laws (BJS bulletin), 

NCJ-80836, 6/82 

Privacy and the private employer, 

NCJ-79651. 11/81 

General 

BJS bulletins: 

Bank robbery: Federal offenses and 

offenders. NCJ-94630, 8/84 

Federal drug law violators, NCJ-92692 

2/84 

The severity of crime, NCJ-92326. 1/84 

The American response to crime: An overview 

of criminal justice systems, NCJ-91936. 12/83 

Tracking offenders, NCJ-91572. 11/83 

Victim and witness assistance: New State 

laws and the system's response, NCJ-87934. 

5/83 

Federal Justice statiStiCS, NCJ-tl0814, 3itl2 

Sour':',tbook of criminal Justice statistics, 1983. 

NCJ-91534, forthcoming 10/84 

Information policy and crime control 

strategies, NCJ-93926. 10/84 

Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on law and 

il!stice statistics, 1984, NCJ-9331 0, 8/84 

Report to the nation on crime and justice: 

The data, NCJ-87068, 10/83 

Dictionary of criminal justice data terminology: 

Terms and definitions proposed for interstate 

and national data collection and exchange. 2nd 

ed .. NCJ-76939, 2/82 

Technical standards for mach'ne-readable data 

supplied to BJS, NCJ-75318. 6/81 

Justice agencies in the U. S., 1980, NCJ-65560. 

1/81 

Indicators of crime and criminal justice: 

Quantitative studies. NCJ-62349. 1/81 

A style manual for machine-readable data, 

NCJ-62766. 9/80 
Justice Expenditure 

and Employment 

in the United States 

1971-79 

NCJ-92596 

August 1984 
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

Bureau of Justice Statistics 

Steven R Schlesinger 

Director 

Benjamin H. Renshaw, III 

Deputy Director 

Charles R Kinderrnann 

Assistant Director 

National Branch 

Acknowledgments. This report was prepared for the Bureau of Justice Statistics 

by the Bureau of the Census, Governments 

Division, under the direction of John R 

Coleman, Chief. In the Bureau of Justice 

Statistics, project direction was provided by 

Sue A Lindgren and editorial supervision by 

Marilyn Marbrook. In the Bureau of the 

Census, Governments Division, general 

supervision was provided by Alan R Jones 

and Diana M. Cull. Significant contributions were made by Bernice J. Brigham, Pamela H. 

IMler, Victoria E. Campbell, John G Curry, 

Ora E. Dorsey, Pauline E. Fain, Dennis E. 

Gosier, Martha S. Haselbush, Laverne N. 

Hicks, Purnell E. Johnson, Helen M. 

Kneeland, Charlene M. Sebold, Gloria A 

Spicer, Joyce M. Stanford, and Joan B. 

Taylor. Preparation of pUblication copy was 

supervised by Corrine W. Davis. In the 

Field Division, general coordination was 

provided by Blair Russell, and in the Data 

Preparation Division by Janet Kittennan and 

Mary Helen Isaacs. 

The Bureau of the Census is indebted to 

the many Federal, State, and local government officials who provided the infonnation 

and gave other assistance for the preparation of this report. 

Suggested citation 

U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of 

Justice Statistics, Justice Expenditure and 

Employment ill the United States, 1971-79. 

U.S. Government Printing Office, 

Washington, D.G 1984.· 

ii 
Foreword 

This report is the sixth in a statistical series 

published since 1973 that analyzes trends 

in data from the justice expenditure and 

employment survey. These data are 

extracted from more detailed annual 

volumes entitled Expenditure and 

Employment Datajor the Cn'minal 

Justice System (the 1979 volume is entitled Justice Expenditure and Employment in the U.S., 1979). 

Similar trends reports were published 

annually from 1973 to 1977. There was 

no trends report for 1978; however, this 

report incorporates data from the 1978 

as well as 1979 surveys. 

To facilitate analysis of the 8-year 

time span presented in this report, the 

table formats were revised to provide rates 

of change for two inteJmediate time 

periods - 1971-75 and 1975-79 - as 

well as the overall 1971-79 period. To 

accommodate the space required, individual data for the years 1972, 1974, and 

1978 had to be eliminated from tables 

16 to 29. Data for these years can be 

obtained from the 1971-77 trends report 

or from the annual reports cited above. 

The annual criminal justice expenditure and employment survey, which 

provides the data in this report, has been 

conducted by the Census Bureau for the 

Department of Justice since 1971. The 

1979 data collection effort was the last 

survey using methodologies and geographic 

coverage that have remained virtually 

unchanged throughout the period. There 

are two reasons for discontinuing the 

series: necessary economies in the 

Bureau of Justice Statistics data 

collection program and changes in the 

need for expenditure and employment data. 

In the past, the data from the survey were 

used in the formula distribution of funds 

from the Law Enforcement Assistance 

Administration CLEAA) to State and 

local governments - a purpose requiring 

geographic coverage and data precision 

that could be accomplished only with a 

large and costly sample of State and 

local governments. 

The demise of the LEAA program 

in 1980 allowed BJS to pursue less costly 

data collection strategies. These take 

two forms: 

First, for 1980 and 1981, selected data 

on police protection, correction, and 

judicial functions are being extracted from 

the Census Bureau's ongoing annual public 

finance, expenditure, and employment 

surveys and will be presented in a separate 

report. Those surveys use methods similar 

to those used in past justice expenditure 

and employment surveys and will produce 

much data readily comparable to previously published data. However, the geographic coverage will not be as extensive -

data will not be available for cities 

with a population less than 300,000 nor 

counties under 500,000. In addition, 

because those surveys lack some substantive detail, national and State-byState estimates will be available only for 

police protection and corrections, although 

total justice expenditure and other functional detail wiH be available for State 

governments and the large city and county 

governments. The report containing 1980 

and 1981 data should be available by early 

1985, although the actual data can be 

obtained before then by contacting BJS. 

The second data collection strategy 

affects data beginning in 1982. The Census 

Bureau is revising its annual governmental 

surveys to provide justice data with more 

substantive detail than in the past. Beginning with that year's data, total justice 

expenditure and judicial estimates will be 

available for the Nation as a whole, State 

governments, and large citi(;)s !!I1<j 99IJl1til;l§, 

We believe these new data collection 

strategies will produce data that meet a 

wide variety of data needs at a sharply 

reduced cost. As always, we look forward to hearing from the users of our data 

and will make whatever refinements we can 

to improve the usefulness of the data. 

Steven R Schlesinger 

Director 

Bureau of Justice Statistics 

iii 
Contents 

Selected findings 

National trends, viii 

Federal trends, viii 

State trends, ix 

Local trends, ix 

Introduction 

Organization of this report, 1 

Important definitions, 1 

Summary of major findings, 2 

Distribution of responsibility by 

level of government, 3 

Federal trends, 6 

State trenrls, 8 

Local trends, 9 

Large coul).ties and cities, 10 

Per capita data and regional and 

State area rankings, 10 

Survey methodology: Sources and 

limitations of data, 

Survey coverage, 11 

The survey period, 11 

Data collection, 11 

Data limitations, 12 

Changes in survey methodology, 13 

Changes in classification, 13 

Availability of data, 13 

Graphic summary, 15 

Data sections 

I. Variable pass-through, 31 

II. Criminal justice system, 35 

III. Police protection, 62 

IV. Judicial, 76 

V. Legal services and prosecution, 90 

VI. Fublic defense, 104 

VII. Corrections, 118 

VIII. Other criminal justice, 132 

Appendix 

1. Definitions ofterms, 147 

2. Survey forms, 151 

iv 

Figures and tables 

Introduction 

Table: 

Total U.S. 

A Direct expenditure, by activity and 

level of government ( I 971 to 

1979),4 

B. Percent of full-time equivalent employees, 

by activity and level of government 

(October 1971 to October 1979),5 

C. Average monthly salaries for all full-time 

equivalent employees, by activity and 

type of government (October 1971 to 

October 1979), 7 

Local 

D. Relative standard errors of local 

government totals of justice expenditure," 

1978,12 

Graphic summary 

Figure: 

Total U.S. 

1. Direct expenditure by type of government 

and by function (1971 and 1979),16 

2. Full-time equivalent employment by type 

of government and by function (1971 

and 1979),16 

3. Change in total general expenditure and 

in justice expenditure by type of 

government (1971-79,1971-75, and 

1975 -79),17 

4. Change in total full-time equivalent 

employment and in justice full-time 

equivalent employment, by type of 

government (1971-79,1971 -75, and 

1975 -79), 18 

5. Change in direct ependiture by function 

and type of governn._nt (1971 -75 

and 1975 -79), 19 

6. Total expenditure by type of government 

and by function (1971-79),20 

11. Average monthly salaries of justice 

full-time equivalent employees by 

type of government (1971 -79),27 

12. Federal, State and local intergovernmental expenditure for justice activities 

(1971 -79), 27 

State 

13. Intergovernmental expenditure for 

justice activities as a percent of total 

justice expenditure (1971 and 1979),28 

14. Corrections capital outlay expenditure 

(1971-79),30 

State and local 

8. Justice expenditure by type of government(l971 ami 1979); 2;1 

9. Dollar increase injustice expenditure 

by State areas (1971 - 79), 24 

10. Per capita expenditure, by State area 

(1971 and 1979), percent increase 

(1971-79),25 

Large counties and large cities 

7. Expenditure by function (1971 -79),22 
Section I 

Variable pass-through 

Table: 

1. Total justice expenditure from own 

sources, by State (1971-79), 32 

Section II 

Criminal justice system 

summary data 

Table: 

Total U.S. 

2. Change in justice expenditure (1971 -

79),36 

3. Change in justice employment and 

payrolls (1971-79), 37 

Federal 

4. Change in justice expenditure (1971 -

79),38 

5. Change injustice employment and 

payrolls (1971 -79), 39 

State 

8. Change in justice expenditure (1971 -

79),42 

9. Change in justice employment and 

payrolls (1971-79), 43 

State and local 

6. Change injustice expenditure (1971-

79),40 

16. Change in total justice expenditure, 

(direct and intergovernmental), by 

State and type of government (1971 -

79),50 

7. Change in justice employment and 

payrolls (1971 - 79), 41 

17. Change in justice employment and 

payroll, hy State and type of government 

(1971-79),54 

Lucal 

Section III 

Police protection 

Table: 

State and local 

18. Change in total expenditure (direct 

and intergovernmental) by State and 

type of government (1971 -79), 63 

19. Change in full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government (1971 - 79), 68 

Section IV 

Judicial 

20. Change in total expenditure (direct 

and intergovernmental), by State and 

type of government (1971 -79), 77 

21. Change in full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government (1971 -79), 82 

Section V 

Legal services and prosecution 

Table: 

State and local 

22. Change in total expenditure (direct 

and intergovernmental), by State and 

type of government (1971 -79),91 

23. Change in full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government (1971 - 79), 96 

10. Change in justice expenditure (1971 -

79), 44 

II. Change in justice employment and & 

payroll (1971 -79), 45 

County 

12. Change in justice expenditure (1971 -

79),46 

13. Change in justice employment and 

payrolls (1971 - 79), 47 

Municipal 

14. Change in justice expenditure (1971 -

79),48 

15. Change injustice employment and 

payroll (1971-79), 49 

Section VI 

Public Defense 

Table: 

State and local 

24. Change in totai expenditure (direct 

and intergovernmental), by State and 

type ofgovernment(1971-79), 105 

25. Change in full-time equivalent 

employment and payroll, by State and 

type ofgovernment(1971-79), 110 

Section VII 

Corrections 

Table: 

26. Change in total expenditure (direct 

and intergovernmental) by State and 

type of government (1971 -79), 119 

27. Change in full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government (1971-79),124 

Section VIII 

Other criminal justice 

Table: 

28. Change in total expenditure (direct 

and intergovernmental), by State 

and type of government (1971 - 79), 133 

29. Change in full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government (1971 -79), 138 

v 
vi 

Selected findings 

National trends 

Expenditure for justice purposes 

by Federal, State, and local governments rose steadily from $10.5 billion 

in 1971 to $2/?0 billion in 1979, an 

increase of 148%. Over the same 

period, expenditure for all government functions rose 109%. 

The 9-year period was characterized by high percent increases in 

justice spending from 1971 to 1975 

and by lower percent gains but larger 

dollar increases from 1975 to 1979. 

Total justice spending rose $6.7 

billion or 64% from 1971 to 1975, 

but $8.8 billion or 51 % from 1975 to 

1979. 

Per capita justice expenditure of 

State and local governments rose 

1R1 %, from $45 in 1971 to $104 in 

1979. 1 The South led all other areas 

with a 153% increase in per capita 

justice expenditure, from $34 

in 1971 to $86 in 1979. The Northeast region closed out the 9-year 

period with the highest per capita 

justice expenditure-$127, followed 

by the West-$l26, and thg North 

Central region-$90. 

Full-time equivalent employment 

for justice activities at all levels of 

government rose 37% from 1971 to 

1979-over twice the increase in 

employment for all governmental 

functions. The highest percent increases in justice employment occurred from 1971 to 1975, when all 

levels of government except State 

governments recorded their largest 

numerical gains in justice 

employment. 

The monthly payroll for all justice 

employees jumped from $715 million 

in October 1971 to $1.7 billion in 

October 1979, an increase of 137%. 

'Per capita expenditure is computed from 

estimated population of States and the 

District of Columbia as of July I, 1978 from 

Bureau of the Census, Current Population 

Reports, Series p-25, No. 876, February 

1980. 

The "other criminal justice" and 

public defense sectors were the 

fastest growing over the 1971-79 

period, recording increases of 434% 

and 365% respectively. 

Police protection and corrections 

together accounted for more than 

75% of total justice expenditure in 

each of the 9 years and showed the 

greatest increases in dollars 

expended. These sectors also had the 

greatest numerical gains in full-time 

equivalent employment from October 

1971 to October 1979: 125,000 in 

police protection and 97,000 in corrections. Police salaries TYl9.de the 

greatest gain in average monthly pay 

over the 9 years-77%. 

Federal trends 

Total Federal justice expenditure 

increased by $2.6 billion, or 181 % 

from FY 1971 to FY 1979-

substantially more than the 119% 

increase in Federal general expenditure. Sixty percent or $1.6 billion of 

this increase occurred from 1971 to 

1975, when total Federal justice expenditure rose 108%. 

Federal intergovernmental payments to State and local governments increased by 256% from 

1971-75, and then decreased by 17% 

from 1975-79. More than 90% of 

total Federal intergovernmental payments for justice programs were 

made by the Law Enforcement 

Assistance Administration (LEAA), 

which distributed $5.5 billion to 

State and local governments from 

FY 1971 to FY 1979. LEAA 

disbursements, which increased from $226 million in 197i to 

a high of $836 million in 1976, declined by 25% to $629 million in 

1979. 

The largest share (about half) of 

Federal justice expenditure was for 

police protection activities. The 

police protection sector showed the 

greatest dollar increase, rising from 
• 

$805 million in FY 1971 to $2 billion 

in FY 1979. 

In contrast to the 3% decline in 

total Federal employment from 1971 

to 1979, Federal justice employment 

rose from 78,000 to 102,OOO-an 

increase of 33%. Two-thirds of tIlis 

increase occurred in the police 

protection sector. 

State trends 

State governments recorded the 

highest increase in justice spending 

of all government levels-190%. 

State intergovernmental payments 

to local governments increased 347%, 

about dtmble the increase for State 

direct justice expenditure for the 

same period. 

States had the largest numerical 

increase in justice full-time equivalent employment, from 206,000 in 

1971 to 329,000 in 1979, an increase 

of 123,000. 

The greatest gains at the State 

level occur-red in the public defense 

sector, States inGreased their direct 

expenditure for public defense by 

$111 million (641%) from FY 1971 to 

FY 1979 and increased their intergovernmental assistance to local 

governments for public defense from 

$1 million to $10 million. This sector 

also showed the greatest percent increase in full-time equivalent 

employment-272%. 

The largest portion of State justice 

expenditure in all years was for corrections. The corrections sector had 

the largest increase in direct dollars 

expended over the 9-year period-

$2.2 billion-and the greatest numerical increase in full-time equivalent 

employment at the State level55,000. State corrections capital 

outlay expenditure rose from a low of 

$99 million in 1973 to $358 million in 

1979. 

Local trends 

Local government justice expenditure increased by $8.7 billion 

from FY 1971 to FY 1979, exceeding 

the combined increase of $8.2 billion 

by the Federal and State govern· 

ments. On a percent.age basis, the increase in local government expenditure was lowest of the three levels 

vf government-131 %. This comparatively smaller growth in local justice, 

expenditure reflects the dominance of 

the municipal governments, whose 

direct justice expenditure rose only 

106% from 1971 to 1979, compared 

to a 181 % increase for counties. 

Over 80% of municipal justice expenditure in all 9 years was for police 

protection. County justice expenditures were more evenly distributed: 

combined expenditure in the judicial, 

legal services and prosecution, and 

public defense sectors constituted 

between 37 and 39% of county 

justice expenditure; police protection 

expenditure between 32 and 35%; 

= Imd corrections hetween 27 and 28%, 

The police protection sector had 

the largest absolute gains in full-time 

equivalent employment at both the 

county and municipal levels. 

Over the 9-year period, count.ies increased their share of total direct 

State-local justice expenditure from 

29% to 33%; municipalities' share 

fell from 48% to 41 %. 

vii 
This publication is the sixth report 

presenting statistics on trends in 

public expenditure and employment 

for justice activities in the United 

States since FY 197V These activities are police protection, judicial 

activities, legal services and prosecution, public defense, corrections, and 

a residual category called "other 

criminal justice." This report presents expenditure data for fiscal 

years 1971 through 1979 and employment data for October of each year. 

These data are extracted from a 

series of annual reports entitled Expenditure and Employment Data for 

the Criminal Justice System. Those 

annual volumes present the data in 

much greater detail for the 50 States, 

the largest Standard Metropolitan 

Statistical Areas (SMSA's with Ii 

population of 2 million or more), the 

largest counties (population of 

100,000 or more), and the largest 

cities (population of 50,000 or more).2 

Examples of detailed data contained 

in the annual volume are character 

and object expenditure categories, 

capital outlay and intergovernmental 

gJ{penditure subcategories, total 

employment, and full-time employment. Expenditure and employment 

data are also shown for judicial 

activities by type of court, for 

miscellaneous judicjal activities, and 

for corrections activities by type of 

institution, probation/parole/pardon, 

corrections administration, and miscellaneous. (See Availability of Data 

section for information on how to 

obtain copies of these reports.) 

'A separate report covering justice trends 

for the years 1971 through 1978 was not 

published. Therefore, this report incorporates two additional years of data since 

the last published "Trends" report, which 

covered the period from 1971 to 1977. 

'Once an SMSA, county, or city is selected 

for individual presentation on the basis of 

its population, the unit continues to be 

shown individually even though its population may later drop below the established 

criteria. This is to retain comparability in 

the presentation of individual unit data from 

year to year. 

The annual survey of justice expenditure and employment, which 

provided the data for this report, 

was suspended beginning in FY 

1980. The series will be resumed, 

however, with publication of comparable but less detailed data for FY 

1980 and 1981 from an alternative 

source. 

Although the annual series began 

with fiscal year 1967, caution should 

be exercised in comparing data in the 

first four volumes (FY 1967 through 

FY 1970) with data in subsequent 

volumes. Beginning with FY 1971, 

the survey sample of governmental 

units was increased by a third, and 

the number of units for which data 

are compiled in the field by specially 

trained agents morl' than doubled. 

Data collection further benefited 

from a growing familiarity with the 

justice systems in the various States 

and with individual governmental 

units within the States. Data from 

the FY 1971 through FY 1979 

survey years are therefore essentially 

comparable because they were collected in the same way each year 

from the same sample of governments and were edited and processed 

in a uniform fashion. (See the section 

on Survey Methodology for more 

detaiL) 

Organization of this report 

This report was designed as a 

ready reference for summary data on 

public expenditure and employment 

for justice activities in the United 

States over the 9-year period 

1971-79. Federal, State, and local 

gove1.'l1ment trends are discussed in 

this introduction with accompanying 

tables and charts, followed by a brief 

description of survey methodology, 

data sources, and limitations. 

Following the introductory text 

and the graphic summary are the 

main tables, which include a 9-year 

summary of "variable pass-through" 

data with an accompanying explanation of this concept (table 1) and 28 

tables presenting Federal, State, and 

local government justice expenditure 

and employment data with corresponding percentage changes for the 

9-year period (tables 2-29). 

Definitions for concepts, categories, 

and terms used in this report are 

contained in appendix 1. Appendix 2 

exhibits the mail questionnaires used 

in the 1979 annual survey. 

Important definitions 

As defined for this report, total expenditure includes direct and intergovernmental expenditure of a 

government or level of government 

for justice activities. In most expenditure tables, certain totals have 

been adjusted to exclude duplicative 

intergovp.rnmental expenditure 

amounts. For example, money paid 

by a State government to a county 

government within that State is 

reported by the State government as 

an intergovernmental expenditure 

~nd by the county government as a 

direct expenditure when it spends the 

money. Therefore, to arrive at a combined State-local government total 

that does not' duplicate these 

amounts, intergovernmental expenditure amounts are deducted from 

the State-local total, because 

amounts are also reflected in the 

direct expenditures of the recipient 

governments. The same is true of intergovernmental payments between 

counties and municipaliLies within 

the same State. 

Changes in the level of employment 

are expressed in this report in terms 

of full-time equivalent employment, a 

statistical measure that reports the 

total number of employees, full-time 

and part-time, discounted by applying average full-time earning rates. It 

is calculated by dividing the total 
~ 

payroll (full-time plus part-time) by 

the full-time payroll and multiplying 

the resultant quotient by the number 

of full-time employees. 

The judicial, legal services and 

prosecution, and public defense 

categories include expenditure and 

employment data for both civil and 

criminal justice activities because 

available source documents for many 

governments do not segregate these 

activities for courts or agencies that 

handle both. Nor are the State and 

local government officials who provide the survey data able to make 

this break reliably and consistently. 

Therefore, in the absence of a consistent and reliable basis for proration, both criminal and civil activities 

are included for these categories to 

preserve uniformity in the collection 

and presentation of data. 

It is also important to note that in 

this report all expenditure data 

displayed in the tables and analyzed 

in the text are not adjusted by a factor for inflation. Therefore, all dollar 

amounts are given in current dollars 

for the year indicated. 

Summary of major 

findings 

National trends (tables 2 

and 3) 

Total expenditure for justice purpose by Federal, State, and local 

governments rose steadily from $10.5 

billion in 1971 to $26.0 billion in 

1979, an increase of 148%. Over the 

same period, total general 

2 

expenditure3 by governments for all 

government functions rose 109% 

(figure 3). 

The 9-year period was characterized by high percentage increases in 

justice spending from 1971 to 1975 

and by lower percentage gains but 

larger dollar increases from 1975 to 

1979. For example, total justice 

spending rose $6.7 billion 01' 64% 

from 1971 to 1975, but $8.8 billion or 

51 % from 1975 to 1979 (table 2). As 

will be noted in subsequent sections, 

however, some individual justice 

activities at various levels of government had faster growth rates from 

1975 to 1979. 

Total expenditure by the Federal 

Government for justice purposes rose 

181 % from 1971-79, substantially 

more than the 119% increas~ in 

Federal general expenditure. Sixtenths of the increase in federal 

justice expenditure-108%-occul'l'ed 

during the 1971 to 1975 period. 

State and county government 

justice spending increases substantially exceeded rises in total general 

expentiiture (figure 3). State governments, which recorded the highest 

increase in justice spending of all 

government levels, 190%, had increases of 82% for 1971-75 and 59% 

for 1975·79. Similarly, county justice 

expenditure, which had a 78% 

increase from 1971 to 1975, rose 58% 

from 1975 to 1979. 

Justice spending by municipalities 

rose 109% from 1971 to 1979, just. 4 

percentage points more than the 

105% rise in total municipal general 

expenditure during the same period. 

'Total general expenditure is all 

expenditure of a government or level of 

government for all government functions, including justice activities, but excluding 

utility system expenditure, liquor store ex- penditure, and insurance trust ex- penditure. Total general expenditure shown 

for the local level of government includes ex- penditure only of general purpose gover n- ments, and excludes expenditure of special 

districts and school districts. 

From 1971 to 1975 only, municipal 

general expenditure increased 53%, 

compared to a 49% rise in municipal 

justice expenditure. This was the 

only instance in which general expenditure rose faster than justice ei.-

penditure during the 1971-75 and 

1975-79 periods among all levels of 

government. 

Full-time equivalent employment 

for justice activities at all levels of 

government rose 37% from 1971 to 

1979. This was about 2'11 times the 

16% increase in full-time equivalent 

employment for all governmental 

functions. As with expenditure, the 

highest percentage increases in 

justice employment occurred from 

1971 to 1975. Unlike expenditure 

trends, however, all levels of government except State governments also 

recorded their highest numerical 

gains in justice employment from 

1971 to 1975 (table 3). 

Increases in justice employment by 

type of government ranged from 16% 

for municipalities to 60% for States. 

Federal, State, and county justice 

employment increased by 83, 60, and 

56%, resr-ectively, with the largest 

percentage gain::> in each case 

recorded from 1971 to 1975. States 

had the largest numerical increase in 

justice full-time equivalent employment, from 206,000 in 1971 to 

329,000 in 1979, an increase of 

123,000. About 66,000 or 53% of this 

gain occurred from 1975 to 1979, 

Justice employment of municipalities 

increased by 60,000 since 1971 and in 

October 1979 accounted fOl' 38% of 

the 1,178,011 full-time equivalent 

justice employees, down from 45% in 

1971. In contrast to State governments, 80% or 48,000 of the 1971-79 

municipal justice employment increase occurred from 1971 to 1975 

(table 15). 
For all governments combined, expenditure increases in each of the 

justice sectors ranged from a 126% 

increase in police protection to a 

434% increase in "o~her criminal 

justice" expenditure (table 2). The 

sharp increase in "otr.er criminal 

justice" expenditure is mostly 

because of growth of intergovernmental payments under the criminal 

justice grant programs administered 

by the Law Enforcement Assistance 

Administration (LEAA) at the 

Federal level and criminal justice 

planning agencies at the State and 

local levels. This increase is 

overstated to the extent that the 

grant payments reflected in the 

"other criminal justice" category are 

eNentually expended in other sectors, 

such as police or corrections. Because 

of the bookkeeping methods of loeal 

governments, the amounts usually 

cannot be asssigned to specific 

justice activities. It should also be 

noted that direct expenditure for this 

category for all 9 years combined accounted for only $2.7 billion, or less 

than 2% of the total direct expenditure for all justice activities. 

The second largest overall increase, 

365%, occurred in public defense expenditure, refl~cting State and local 

government response to judicial rulings concerning the right of indigent 

persons to counsel. In some States, 

counsel was also being provided to 

convicted persons still in need of 

legal services. 

Although "other criminal justice" 

and public defense were the fastest 

growing sectors over the 1971-79 

period, in no year did the two sectors 

together account for more than 5% 

of total expenditure. In contrast, 

police protection and corrections 

together accounted for at least 77 % 

of total justice expenditure in each of 

the 9 years from 1971 to 1979 and 

showed the greatest increase in 

dollars expended (figure 5). Police 

protection direct expenditure rose 

$7.8 billion (126%) from FY 1971 to 

FY 1979, and correctional expenditure rose $3.7 billion (164%). 

These sectors also showed the 

greatest numerical gains in full-time 

equivalent employment trom October 

1971 to October 1979: 125,000 in 

police protection and 97,000 in corrections (table 3). 

The monthly payroll foi' all justice 

employees jumped from $715 million 

in October 1971 to $1,697 million in 

October 1979 (137%). By type of 

government, monthly justice payroll 

increases ranged from 101 % for 

municipalities to 203% for State 

governments. Federal and county 

payrolls increased by 144% and 

161 %, respectively (table C). 

Payroll data for all governments in 

the 1971-79 period show that justice 

employees in the public deLnse 

sector drew the highest overall 

monthly salaries, followed by legal 

services personnel (table C). The high 

average salaries for public defense 

and legal services personnel can be 

explained by the fact that most of 

the employees in these sectors are 

attorneys with comparatively few 

lower-paid support personnel. The 

"other criminal justice" sector, ranking third in average monthly salaries 

from 1971 to 1975, dropped to fourth 

from 1976 to 1978 and to fifth in 

1979; the police protection sector 

moved from fourth to third ~n 1977; 

and the judicial sector moved from 

fifth to fourth in 1979. In contrast to 

public defense and legal services 

sectors, the judicial sector includes a 

Jarge number of support personnel 

vrhose rate of pay offsets the higher 

salaries of judges. Correction salaries 

ranked sixth and lowest throughout 

the 1971-79 period. Police salaries 

made the greatest gain in average 

monthly pay over the 9 years-77%. 

Distribution of responsibility 

by level of government 

In each of the 9 fiscal years 

covered in this report, local governments spent more for justice activities than the Federal fu'J.d State governments combined. Table A shows 

that in FY 1979, for example, local 

governments accounted for 59% of 

all direct justice expenditure, 

whereas State governments contributed 28% and the Federal Government 13%. 

Some shifts in responsibilities 

among the various government levels 

did occur over the 9-year period 

(figure 1 and table A). Both the 

Federal and State governments increased their proportionate share of 

total justice expenditure since 1971. 

The Federal share of total direct 

justice expenditure rose from 11.5% 

to 13%, and the State government 

percentage of justice expenditure 

steadily rose from 25.5 to 28.4. The 

State government gain in the total 

share of justice expenditure stems 

from increases in the judicial, legal 

services, and public defense 

sectors. 

Local government share of justice 

spending dropped from 63 to 59%, 

because of a 7 percentage point decline in the municipality share of 

justice expenditure to 35%. This was 

partly offset by nearly a 3 percentage point rise in the county 

share of justice spending to 23.2% 

(table A). The overall decrease in the 

municipal share of justice expenditure was distributed among all 

activities. The relative gain made by 

counties in level of justice spending 

is primarily attributable to increases 

in the police protection, judicial, and 

"other criminal justice" sectors. 

3 
=.'" - : 

Table A. Percent distribution of total direct expenditure for the crl\minal justice sys~em by activity 

and level of government: FY 1971 to FY 1979 

Level of government and fiscal year 

Total •••.•••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• 

Federal .. 

1971 ........................................... 

1972 ........................................... 

1973 ........................................... 

1974 ........................................... 

1975 ........................................... 

1976 ••••••••••••••••.••.••.••..•••••.••••.••••• 

1977 ........................................... 

1975 ........................................... 

1979 ........................................... 

5 tate: 

1971. .......................................... 

1972 ........................................... 

1973 ........................................... 

1974 ........................................... 

1975 •••..•••••••.•••••••..••.••.•.•••••••••...• 

1976 ........................................... 

1977 ........................................... 

1978 ........................................... 

1979 ........................................... 

Local, total! 

1971. .......................................... 

1972 ........................................... 

1973 ........................................... 

1974 ••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.•••• 

1975 ........................................... 

1976 .. , ........................................ 

1977 ........................................... 

1975 ........................................... 

1979 ........................................... 

Counties: 

1971 ......................................... 

1972 ......................................... 

1973 ......................................... 

1974 ......................................... 

1975 ......................................... 

1970 ......................................... 

1977 ......................................... 

1978 ......................................... 

1979 ......................................... 

Hunicipalities: 

1971 ......................................... 

1972 ......................................... 

1973 ......................................... 

1974 ......................................... 

1975 ............. ; ........................... 

?976 •••• I •••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••• 

1977 ......................................... 

1975 ......................................... 

197~ .......................................... 

The distribution of justice expenditure by activity varies by level of 

government. Three of the activitiespolice protection. judicial. and legal 

services and prosecution-were supported mainly by local governments 

in all 9 years. State governments 

were the largest supporters of corrections. The Federal Government was 

the principal supporter of public 

defense from 1971 to 1973. but local 

government expenditures in this 

sector were highest from 1974 to 

1978. Because of an 81 % increase in 

Legal Services Corporation expenditure since 1977. the Federal Govern4 

A 

Total Police Legal Public Other 

c't'iminal. protection JUt-icial .'lervices defense Corrections criminal 

justice justice 

100.0 100.0 100.0 

11.5 13.0 9.9 

12.S 13.9 12.0 

12.7 14.3 7.5 

12.5 14.3 7.6 

12.7 14.9 8.0 

12.5 14.6 9.0 

12.9 14.9 11.0 

12.9 14.9 10.5 

13.0 14.7 10.9 

25.5 14.2 23.1 

25.1 14.4 23.2 

25.4 14.8 24.4 

26.3 15.4 24.4 

26.7 15.5 24.1 

26.4 15.4 24.1 

26.9 15.2 24.7 

27.7 14.4 33.0 

2S.4 14.3 35.5 

63.0 72.S 67.0 

62.1 71.7 64.S 

61.9 70.9 6S.1 

61.2 70.3 6S.0 

60.6 69.6 67.9 

61.1 70.0 66.9 

60.2 69.9 64.4 

59.3 70.7 56.5 

5S.6 71.0 53.6 

20.5 11.S 47.4 

20.7 12.1 45.6 

21.6 12.9 47.3 

21.7 12.9 47.6 

22.2 13.2 4S.6 

23.3 13.6 49.1 

23.5 13.7 48.S 

23.3 13.9 45.2 

23.2 14.6 42.3 

42.5 61.0 19.6 

41.4 60.0 19.2 

40.3 57.9 20.8 

39.5 57.4 20.4 

3S.4 56.4 19.3 

37.S 56.5 17.8 

36.7 56.2 15.6 

36.1 56.S 11.3 

35.4 56.4 11.3 

ment again became the principal supporter of public defense in 1979. 

Changes in the distribution of 

justice employment followed patterns 

similar to those of expenditure. As 

shown in figure 2 and table B. the 

municipal share of full-time equivalent employment dropped from 45 to 

38% in th, 1971-79 period. but 

county and State governments recorded gains. Federal justice employment remained at the same proportion throughout the period. Reflecting justice expenditure patterns. 

State governments showed sizeable 

gains in the proportion of full-time 

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

lS.l 47.6 4.S 20.0 

lS.5 47.9 5.5 24.3 

lS.6 43.S 6.2 30.6 

15.3 37.5 6.6 27.1 

19.0 31.0 5.6 23.9 

14.3 31.3 5.9 23.8 

15.2 34.8 6.1 19.5 

14.S 39.9 6.1 19.9 

16.1 40.2 5.9 21.8 

21.9 12.S 57.S 56.5 

21.5 14.3 56.9 49.1 

21.6 17.9 56.0 37.1 

23.1 21.1 55.9 3S.3 

23.1 23.4 57.1 37.9 

23.6 21.2 56.4 2S.3 

24.2 19.4 57.7 27.6 

26.4 18.7 57.5 27.9 

26.1 19.8 5S.5 2S.1 

60.0 39.6 37.4 23.5 

60.0 37.S 37.6 26.6 

59.S 3S.3 37.S 32.3 

61.6 41.4 37.5 34.6 

57.9 45.6 37.3 3S.2 

62.1 47.5 37.7 47.9 

60.6 45.S 36.2 52.9 

5S.S 41.4 36.4 52.1 

57.S 40,0 35.7 50.1 

34.S 31.9 24.6 2.1 

33.S 30.0 27.1 4.5 

34.3 29.6 27.6 14.0 

34.9 32.3 27.2 15.S 

34.0 36.4 27.2 19.1 

37.6 39.0 2S.2 32.9 

37.2 3S.6 27.7 34.3 

35.3 34.3 27.S 39.0 

;15.0 32.7 27.4 35.9 

25.2 7.7 12.S 21.4 

26.2 7.S 10.5 22.1 

25.5 S.7 10.2 lS.3 

26.7 9.1 10.2 19.9 

23.9 9.2 10.1 19.2 

24.5 S.5 9.6 15.0 

23.4 7.2 8.6 lS.6 

23.5 7.1 S.6 13.1 

22.8 7.3 S.3 14.2 

equivalent employment in the 

judicial. legal services. and public 

defense sectors. 

Distribution of employment and expenditure within each sector is nearly 

identical in most cases. One of the 

few exceptions to this pattern is seen 

in the public defense sector. where 

the Federal Government accounted 

for more than 30% of the total 

expenditures but only 3% or less of 

the employees in each of the 9 years. 

This is because the Federal Government makes more extensive use of 

court-appointed counsel systems (in 

which fees are paid to private 
counsel to defend indigent clients 

accused of crimes) than do State and 

local governments. which more frequently hire employees directly to 

provide public defense services. Legal 

services provided by the Legal 

Services Corporation for counseling 

indigent persons in mostly civil 

matters comprised between 80 and 

85% of Federal expenditure for 

public defense in each of the 9 years 

covered by this report. 

The preceding analysis of total 

local justice expenditure and employment obscures significant differences 

between the county and municipal 

levels of government. Municipal 

governments' justice spending exceeded that of county governments 

by $2.3 billion in 1971; and by 1979. 

the justice expenditure of 

municipalities was $3.2 billion more 

than that of counties. 'l":1e difference. 

however. can be attributed exclusively to the police sector where 

municipal governments outspent 

county governments by about 4 to 1 

over the entire 1971-79 period. In FY 

1979, for example. municipal governments spent $7.9 billion on police 

protection (or 85% of all their justice 

expenditure); this was 29% more 

than county governments spent on 

all justice activities combined. On a 

sector-by-sector basis. however. 

county governments spent substantially more than municipal 

governments for judicial 

activities. legal services and prosecution, public defense, corrections. and 

"other criminal justice." No one sector dominates county justice expenditure as police protecti('l:' does 

municipal justice expenditure. 

Table B. Percent of full-time equivalent employment in the criminal justice system by activity 

and level of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

Total Police Legal Public Other 

Level of government and year criminal ;rrotection Judicial services defense Corrections criminal 

justicG justice 

Total ••..•.•......••................•••.•.. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Federal: 

1971. .......................................... 9.0 10.7 6.9 14.2 1.5 4.0 26.0 

1972 ........................................... 9.5 11.2 7.6 13.8 2.1 4.3 24.Q 

1973 ........................................... 9.2 11.1 5.4 13.5 2.1 4.5 23.5 

1974 ........................................... 9.3 11.3 5.4 13.1 2.5 4.7 23.4 

1975 ................................... ~ ....... 9.1 11.1 5.5 12.8 2.9 4.8 23.1 

1976 ........................................... 9.2 11.4 5.5 11.7 3.0 4.9 21.1 

1977 ........................................... 8.8 11.1 5.4 10.8 2.8 4.6 17 .1 

1978 ............................................ 9.0 11.3 5.6 10.9 3.2 4.5 18.3 

1979 ....................... '" ................. 8.7 11.2 5.2 10.7 2.8 4.4 16.3 

State: 

1971. .......................................... 23.9 13.1 18.5 20.5 28.1 58.9 51.3 

1972 ........................................... 24.1 13.8 18.3 20.6 33.8 58.0 49.0 

197:. •..........•..........•.....•.......•.....• 24.6 14.2 19.9 22.2 40.6 57.2 49.4 

19,4 ........................................... 25.0 14.8 19.1 22.6 42.9 56.8 49.3 

19;5 ........................................... 25.1 14.8 19.4 22.3 40.1 56.5 46.6 

1970 ........................................... 25.2 14.5 20.0 22.3 39.2 56.2 43.7 

1977 ........................................... 26.4 14.5 24.8 23.6 39.2 57.1 40.9 

1978 ........................................... 26.8 14.1 27.9 26.3 38.0 57.1 40.8 

1979 ........................................... 27.9 14.0 31.1 27.3 41.5 58.1 46.2 

Local, total: 

1971 ........................................... 67.1 76.2 74.6 65.3 70.5 37.1 22.7 

1972 ........................................... 66.4 75.0 74.1 65.6 64.1 37.7 27.0 

1973 ........................................... 66.2 74.7 74.7 64.3 57.3 38.3 27.1 

1974 ........................................... 65.7 73.9 75.5 61,.3 54.6 38.5 27.3 

1975 ........................................... 65.8 74.1 75.1 64.9 57.0 38.7 30.3 

1976 •••••••• "" ................................ 05.6 74.2 74.5 66.0 57.8 38.9 35.3 

1977 ........................................... 64.8 74.4 69.8 65.6 58.0 38.3 42.0 

1978 ........................................... 64.2 74.6 66.6 62.8 58.8 38.5 40.9 

1979 ........................................... 63.3 74.8 63.7 62.0 55.7 37.5 37.5 

Counties: 

1971 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22.4 13.0 52.7 40.5 64.4 27.4 4.2 

1972 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22.8 13.2 52.7 40.3 60.2 28.5 6.9 

1973 ......................................... 23.3 13.7 53.5 40.0 54.5 29.0 8.4 

1974 ......................................... 23.6 13.6 54.9 40.4 51. 7 29.3 9.4 

1975 ......................................... 24.5 14.3 55.1 42.0 53.8 30.3 12.9 

1976 ......................................... 25.3 14.6 55.2 43.3 54.8 30.8 16.2 

1977 ......................................... 25.4 15.0 52.4 43.6 54.8 30.5 25.1 

1978 ......................................... 25.6 15.2 52.7 42.2 54.7 30.5 28.4 

1979 ......................................... 25.5 15.8 49.6 41.8 51.0 29.6 25.9 

Municipf'1.ities: 

1971 ......................................... 44.7 63.2 21.9 24.8 6.1 9.7 18.5 

1972 ......................................... 43.6 61.8 21.4 25.3 3.9 9.2 20.1 

1973 ......................................... 42.9 61.0 21.2 24.3 2.8 9.3 18.7 

1974 ......................................... 42.1 60.3 20.6 23.9 2.9 9.2 17 .9 

1975 ......................................... 41.3 59.8 20.0 22.9 3.2 8.4 17.4 

1976 ......................................... 40.3 59.6 19.3 22.7 3.0 ~.1 19.1 

1977 ......................................... 39.4 59.4 17.4 22.0 3.2 7.8 16.0 

1978 ......................................... 38.6 59.4 13.8 20.6 4.0 7.9 12.5 

1979 ......................................... 37.8 59.0 14.1 20.2 4.7 7.8 11.6 

5 
Federal trends (tables 4 and 5) 

Total Federal justice expenditure 

increased by $2.6 billion, or 181 % 

from FY 1971 to FY 1979. Sixty percent or $1.6 billion of this increase 

occurred flOm 1971 to 1975, when 

total Federal justice expenditure rose 

108%. Federal intergovernmental 

payments to State and local governments accounted for 17% of the total 

1971-79 increase, mainly because of 

expenditures in the "other criminal 

justice" sector. Nearly 93% of total 

Federal intergovernmental payments 

for justice programs is attributable 

to the activities of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration 

(LEAA), which distributed $5.5 

billion to State and local governments from FY 1971 to FY 1979. 

LEAA disbursements, which had 

increased from $226 million to $836 

million from 1971 to 1976, declined 

$207 million or 25% from 1976 to 

1979, however. 

Excluding intergovernmental 

payments and considering only direct 

expenditure (i.e., cost of salaries, 

materials, supplies, contractual services, and capital outlay), the 

increase in Federal expenditure was 

$2.2 billion, or 178%. Among the six 

justice sectors, the greatest proportionate increase in Federal direct 

expenditure, 481 %, occurred in 

"other criminal justice." rrhe overall 

increase in this sector from 1971 to 

1979 reflected primarily the growth 

in the staff and operations of LEAA. 

·6 

Although the "other ci'iminal 

justice" sector became more significant in terms of total Federal justice 

expenditure, table 2 shows that still 

the largest share (about half) of 

Federal justice expenditure in 1979 

was for police protection activities, 

including those agencies that enforce 

Federal law and those that provide 

security and police services to 

nondefense Federal property and 

buildings. Over the 1971-79 period, 

the police protection category showed 

the greatest dollar increase, rising 

from $805 million in FY 1971 to 

$2,059 million in FY 1979-an increase of $1,254 million. 

Federal expenditure for corrections 

also increased strongly over the 

9-year period, from $121 million in 

FY 1971 to $393 million in FY 1979, 

an increase of 224%. Although the 

remaining sectors-judicial, legal 

services and prosecution, and public 

defense-experienced some fluctuations in expenditures over the years, 

all three realized substantial increases from 1971 to 1979. Two of 

these three sectors-judicial and 

public defense-recorded much 

greater percentage increases in 

justice expendit~lre from 1975 to 

1979 than from 1971 to 1975. Large 

increases in expenditure for Federal 

courts of general jurisdiction (U.S. 

District Courts) and for the Legal 

Services Corporation (counseling 

indigent persons in purely civil 

matters) accounted for these 

increases. 

77MT lIfte e - In contrast to the 3% decline in 

total Federal employment from 1971 

to 1979 (2,799,455 to 2,708,272 on a 

full-time equivalent basis), Federal 

justice employment rose from 77,523 

to 102,914-an increase of 33%. 

Approximately three-fourths of the 

rise of 25,000 in Federal justice 

employment occurred from 1971 to 

1975, and two-thirds of this increase 

occurred in the police protection 

sector, which rose 16,605. After 

declining 2% from 1971 to 1975, 

Federal judicial employment rose 

11 % from 1975 to 1979. 

In the same 9-year period, the 

Federal justice monthly payroll 

increased 144%, from $84 million to 

$203 mlllion, and the average 

monthly pay for Federal justice 

employees rose 84% from $1,077 to 

$1,977. On a sector-by-sector basis, 

the highest paid Federal justice 

employees in October 1979 were in 

the judicial sector, averaging $2,408 

a month, followed by public defense, 

corrections, legal services and prosecution, "other criminal justice," and 

police protection, in that order 

(table C). 
Table C. Average monthly salaries for all full-time equivalent employees in the criminal justice system, 

by activity and type of government: October 1971-0dober 1979 

Item 

Octobor 1971 .................................... . 

Oc taber 1972 .••.••.....••••••••••.•.••••.....•••• 

October 1973 ................................... .. 

October 1974 ................................... .. 

Octobor 1975 .................................... . 

Octobe'r 1976 ••...••.•••••••.•••..•...•.•.....•..• 

Oc tober 1977 .................................... . 

October 1978., •.•.••..•.•••.•.•••.•.....•.••..•.• 

October 1979 ••.....•......••••..•..•.••.••.....•. 

Percent change, 1971 to 1979 ••.•....•....•.•....• 

October 1971 ....................................... . 

Ocr,oher 1972 ......................................... . 

OC tober 1973 ....... ' ................................ . 

October 1974 ................................... .. 

Octobor 1975 .................................... . 

October 1976 ••.••••..••..•.....•.•..••.....•....• 

Octobor 1977 .................................... . 

October 1978 ••• 0. 0 •••••••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••• 

October 1979 .................................... . 

Percent change, 1971 to 1979 ••.••••.•.••.•.•••••• 

October 1971 .................................... . 

October 1972 ............................ 0 ............ .. 

October 1973 ••.. 0 .................................. 0 0 

October 197/t •.•.• 0 .............................. o. October 1975 ••••.•••••••••••••••••••••.• 0 ••••• 0 •• 

October 1976 ................................... .. 

October 1917 ................................... .. 

October 1978.0 •••...•.•.••••...•..•.••..•.•••...• 

October 1979 .................................... . 

Police T .. egal Public Other 

Total Judicial Corrections criminal protection services defense justice 

All Governmen ts 

$830 $842 $828 $955 $980 $760 $950 

896 915 874 1,003 1,051 820 983 

965 993 934 1,078 1,106 868 1,061 

1,032 1,062 998 1,141 1,178 931 1,121 

1,103 1,134 1,069 1,223 1,292 1,001 1,151 

1,183 1,230 1,124 1,301 1,354 1,057 1,206 

1,261 1,312 1,188 1,404 1,508 1,129 1,288 

1,319 1,367 1,253 1,463 1,516 1,196 1,292 

1,441 1,493 1,372 1,567 1,674 1,318 1,361 

73.6 77.3 65.7 64.1 70.8 73.4 43.3 

r-------~------~----~------~------J-------~------ Federal Government 

$1,077 4:1,048 $1,179 :la,214 $1,318 $1,077 $1,152 

1,178 1,153 1,284 1,267 *1,136 1,185 1,203 

1,303 1,287 1,485 1,411 1,404 1,214 1,295 

1,395 1,382 1,562 1,523 1,4~f 1,293 1,331 

1,509 1,478 1,802 1,587 l,Hl1 1,466 1,451 

1,604 1,589 1,824 1,794 1,838 1,446 1,568 

1,699 1,713 1,882 1,869 2,035 1,384 1,631 

1,777 1,732 2,108 1,977 1,981 1,692 1,764 

1,977 1,860 2,408 2,045 2,339 2,337 2,020 

83.6 77 .5 104.2 68.5 77 .5 117.0 75.3 r-____ -L ______ L-____ ~ ____ _L ____ ~ ______ L_ __ ___ 

State Governments 

$800 $761 $1,167 $988 $891 $742 $806 

874 870 1,172 1,047 1,003 804 885 

941 945 1,271 1,110 1,068 852 944 

999 984 1,388 1,153 1,124 914 1,019 

1,066 1,057 1,461 1,266 1,200 971 1,056 

1,144 1,162 1,555 1,332 1,275 1,026 l.,127 

1,241 1,241 1,569 1,536 1,378 1,120 1,310 

1,310 1,323 1,634 1,501 1,495 1,187 1,300 

1,425 1,429 1,790 1,628 1,600 1,285 1,336 

Percent change, 1971 78.1 87.8 53.4 64.8 79.6 73.2 65.8 to 1979 ••••.••....•.••...... r-------~------~----~~----~-------L.------~------

October 1971 .••.•..•...•.. 0 ••••••• 0 •••••••••••••• 

October 1972 •.. 0 ••••••••••• 0 •....•.•• 0 •••• 0 •••••• 

October 1973 •.. 0 ••••• 00 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

October 1974 .................................... . 

October 1975 •.....•• 0 0 ••••••• 0 •• 0 ••••••••• 0 •• 0 ••• 

Ootobo, 1976 ................................... .. 

Oc tobor 1977 ................................... .. 

October 1978 •.. 0 ......... 0 0 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

October 1979 •.••.••...••••.... 0 ••••••••••• 0 •••••• 

$741 

786 

842 

905 

976 

1,034 

1,137 

1,159 

1,242 

$764 $672 

809 721 

876 763 

944 821 

1,018 886 

1,085 930 

1,267 982 

1,2~9 1,013 

1,331 1,089 

Counties 

$869 $1,010 $731 $884 

910 1,079 772 773 

975 1,127 821 766 

1,051 1,218 881 887 

1,125 1,352 949 958 

1,185 1,394 1,006 932 

1,277 1,589 1,057 1,087 

1,325 1,502 1,114 1,067 

1,413 1,723 1,189 1,063 

Percent 67.6 74.2 62.1 62.6 70.6 62.7 20.2 change, 1971 to 1979 .•..• 0 ••••• 0 •• 0 •• 0 •• 0 f-_____ .L-_____ .L-____ ....JL-____ -L_. ____ .L-____ L-L-____ _ 

October 1971. 0 0 ••••••••• 00 ••••••••••••••• 0" 0.0 •• 

October 1972 ••....•.••.•..•........ 0 •••••• 0 •••••• 

October 1973 .. 0 •• 0 •••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••• 0 •••• 

October 1974 .................................... . 

October 1975 ••.. 0 •••••••••••••• _. 0 •• 0 ••••• 0 ••••• 0 

October 1976 ................................... .. 

October 1977 .................................... . 

October 1978 ••• 0 ........................ 0 •••••••• 0 

October 1979 ......................... 0 •••••••••••• 

$840 

904 

973 

1,042 

1,111 

1,204 

1,256 

1,326 

1,462 

$841 

905 

976 

1,048 

1,117 

1,213 

1,266 

1,338 

1,482 

Municipali ties 

$804 $918 

852 973 

910 1,031 

958 1,072 

991 1,155 

1,030 1,233 

1,053 1,286 

1,051 1,423 

1,061 1,549 

$902 $824 $1,082 

975 893 1,029 

1,041 944 1,210 

1,006 1,013 1,258 

1,049 1,120 1,147 

1,146 1,227 1,218 

1,229 1,323 1,188 

1,527 1,303 1,083 

1,389 1,475 1,198 

Percent 74.0 76.2 32.0 78.3 54.0 79.0 10.7 change, 1971 to 1979 ••......••••...•••.• "!-_____ ..L _____ ..L _____ L-____ -'-_____ ..L _____ L-____ _ 

October 1971 •••••.•• " •••••••..•... 0.0 ••••••••• 0 •• 

October 1972 ................................... .. 

October 1973 .................................... . 

October 1974 .................................... . 

Octobe~ 1975 .................................... . 

October 1976 ...... 0. 0 •• 0 •••••• o. 0 ••••••••••••••••• 

October 1977 .................................... . 

October 1978 •.•• 0 ..... 0. 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 0. 

October 1979 •• 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Percent change, 1971 to 1979 ...... 0 •••• 0 •••••••••• 

See footnote at end of table. 

$811 

861 

922 

994 

1,071 

1,132 

1,249 

1,259 

1,368 

68.7 

Large Counties 

$850 $748 

915 784 

994 828 

1,074 895 

1,160 961 

1,239 1,007 

1,500 1,059 

1,433 1,084 

1,534 1,197 

80.5 60.0 

(100,000 or more) 

$961 $1,094 $776 $898 

1,015 1,183 820 781 

1,105 1,236 868 793 

1,170 1,315 935 920 

1,253 1,422 1,012 961 

1,299 1,488 1,072 940 

1,364 1,693 1,124 1,097 

1,418 1,595 1,180 1,069 

1,570 1,794 1,269 1,070 

63.4 64.0 63.5 19.2 

7 
- Table C. Average monthly salaries for all full-time equivalent employees in the criminal justice system, 

by activity and type of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Item Total Police Legal Public Other 

protection Judicial services defense Corrections criminal 

justice 

Large Municipalities (50,000 or more) 

OC tobcr 1971 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• $898 $903 $855 $979 $938 $840 $l,078 

October 1972 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••• e78 987 9U l,029 959 906 l,039 

October 1973 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• l,056 l,068 969 l,l24 l,079 963 l,U8 

October 1974 ..................................... l,l3l l,l46 l,033 l,l93 l,046 l,027 l,282 

October 1975 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,I l,200 l,213 l,073 l,30l l,l35 1,140 l,l89 

October 1976 ..................................... 1,319 1,343 I,U3 1,351 1, l65 1,247 1,247 

October 1977 ..................................... 1,368 1,389 l,l40 l,401 1,28h l,360 l,216 

October 1978 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1,363 l,445 l,nO 1,464 l,542 l,324 1,072 

October 1979 ..................................... 1,6l2 1,642 1,140 l,607 1,6.23 l,672 1,148 

Percent change, 1971 to 1979 ••••••••••••••••••••• 79.5 8l.8 33.3 64.1 51.7 99.0 6.5 

*The Federal Public Defender Organizations program was begun in Hay 1971. Initial hiring, reflected in the October 1971 figure concentrated on 

attorneys, hence the high average monthly salary. The October 1972 figure reflects the subsequent addition of lesser-paid cler!~.ai. and support personnel, which lowered the average monthly salary. 

State trends (tables 8, 9, 

16-29) 

Total State justice expenditure increased 190 percent, from $2.9 billion 

in FY 1971 to $8.0 billion in FY 

1979. Percentage increases by sector 

ranged from 131 % .in police protection to 641 % in public defense. 

State intergovernmental payments 

to local governments showed a 347% 

increase, about double the 176% 

increase for State direct justice 

expenditure for the same period. In 

FY 1971, States distributed $239 

million to local governments compared with $1,071 million in FY 

1979. Most of this increase consisted 

of LEAA block grant funds channeled through State planning 

agencies. 

Following initially high increases of 

64% in 1972 and 40% in 1973, State 

justice intergovernmental payments 

continued to increase steadily, 

although at decreased rates. Since 

1977, State intergovernmental 

expenditure has exceeded Federal 

intergovernmental payments for 

justice by an increasing margin 

(figure 12). 

Intergovernmental justice expenditure of all States accounted for 

12.6% of total State justice expenditure in 1979, compared to 8.2% in 

1971 (figure 13). State payments for 

8 

justice activities to local governments in 1979 ranged widely by 

State as proportions of total State 

justice expenditure, from 0.8% in 

Vermont to 25.4% in Maryland 

(figure 13). 

State direct justice expenditure 

rose from $2.7 billion in FY 1971 to 

$7.4 billion in FY 1979-an increase 

of 176%. More than 60% of the 

dollar increase in State direct justice 

funds-$2.8 billion-occurred from 

1975 to 1979 (figure 5). 

The greatest petcentage increase at 

the State level occurred in the public 

defense sector, in which States have 

been assuming a greater share of the 

responsibility for providing personnel 

and funds to defend the poor. States 

increased their direct expenditure for 

public defense by $111 million (641 %) 

from FY 1971 to FY 1979 and 

increased their intergovernmental 

assistance to local governments for 

public defense from $1 million to $10 

million. This sector also showed the 

greatest percent increase in full-time 

equivalent employment, 2,674 

employees (272%). 

As seen in table 8 and figure 5, the 

largest por'don of State justice 

expenditure in all years was for 

corrections, which included the 

operation of the State prison system 

and, in many States, the operation of 

the probation and parole systems as 

well. In FY 1979, State direct 

expenditure for corrections was 

$3,531 million, or 48% of total State 

direct expenditure for justice 

activities, and State payments to 

local governments for correctional 

purposes amounted to another $293 

million. This sector had the largest 

increase in direct dollars expended 

over the 9-year period from FY 1971 

to FY 1979-$2.2 billion. The 

greatest numerical increase in fulltime equivalent employment (54,974) 

at the State level for the same period 

also occurred in corrections. 

State corrections capital outlay 

expenditure rose from a low of $99 

million in 1973 to $358 million in 

1979, an increase of 263% (figure 14). 

Rising at a faster rate than corrections direct expenditure, capital 

outlay corrections spending of State 

governments comprised 9.4% of total 

corrections direct expenditure in 

1979 compared to 6.1 % in 1973. 

Police protection activities 

accounted for the second largest portion of State expenditure from 1971 

to 1979. Expenditure in this sector 

increased by $1.2 billion (131 %) for 

the 9-year period and, after corrections, showed the greatest numerical 

increase in full-time equivalent 

employment-22,220 or 32% from 

October 1971 to October 1979. 
State expenditure for legal services 

and prosecution increased 315%, 

from $109 million in FY 1971 to 

$455 million in FY 1979. More than 

two-thirds of this increase occurred 

from 1975 to 1979. Judicial expenditure of State governments grew 

about twice as fast from 1975 to 

1979 than during the 1971-75 period. 

About 42% of the total 1971-79 

increase in judicial spending occurred 

in one year: 1978--.:because of the absorption of local court systems by 

State governments in several States. 

Comparing October 1971 with 

October 1979, the monthly payroll 

for State justice employees increased 

185%, from $165 million to $469 

million. Table C shows that the 

average monthly pay for a State 

justice employee rose from $800 a 

month to $1,425 a month in that 

period-a 78% increase. Average 

monthly salaries in the police protection sector recorded the largest 

percentage increase, 88%. In October 

1979, however, the highest paid 

State justice employees continued to 

be in the judicial sector, averaging 

$1,790 a month, followed by 

employees in legal services and prosecution, public defense, police protection, "other criminal justice," and 

corrections, in that order. 

Local trends (tables 10-29) 

The total dollar increase in local 

government justice expenditure from 

FY 1971 to FY 1979 was $8.7 billion, 

which exceeded the combined 

increase of $8.2 billion for the 

Federal and State governments (table 

10). On a percentage basis, however, 

the increase in local government 

expenditure was lowest of the three 

levels of government-131 %. Total 

local government justice expenditure 

grew 58% or $3.8 billion from 1971 

to 1975 and 46% or $4.9 billion from 

1975 to 1979 (table 10). 

Local governments reported significantly less in the amount of 

intergovernmental justice expenditure, only $301 million in FY 1979 

compared with $687 million for the 

Federal Government and $1.1 billion 

for State governments (figure 12). A 

large portion of Federal and State 

intergovernmental justice expenditure was grant funds, but local 

intergovernmental expenditure more 

often represented required payments 

to the State, participation in a 

multigovernmental project (e.g., a 

regional j ail), or payment for services 

rendered by another government 

(e.g., police services or boarding of 

prisoners). 

Direct expenditure increases for 

individual sectors since 1971 at the 

local level varied somewhat from 

those at the State level. The sector 

showing the greatest dollar increase 

was police protection (up $5.4 billion, 

or 120%), followed by corrections (up 

$1.3 billion, or 151 %), judicial (up 

$902 million, or 99%), legal services 

and prosecution (up $659 million, or 

223%), "other criminal justice" (up 

$202 million, or 1,037%), and public 

defense (up $188 million, or 369%). 

Local full-time equivalent justice 

employment increased 29% or 

168,000 from FY 1971 to FY 1979, 

with about two-thirds of this rise 

taking place by 1975. As with 

expenditure, the hu-gest numerical 

increase in justice employment 

(86,162) over the 9 years occurred in 

the police protection sector; 70% or 

61.000 of this increase occurred 

between 1971 and 1975. 

An analysis of local government 

expenditure by individual levels of 

government shows that the comparatively slow growth in municipal 

justice expenditure accounts for the 

smaller overall justice spending 

increases of local governments as a 

group. Total direct justice expenditure of municipalities rose only 106% 

from 1971 to 1979, compared to a 

181 % increase for counties, which 

had the highest growth rate for any 

level of government. Also, the 

distribution of expenditure by counties and municipalities among the 

various justice sectors differs 

markedly. More than 80% of 

municipal justice expenditure in all 9 

years was for police protection. 

County justice expenditures were 

more evenly distributed: combined 

expenditure in the judicial, legal 

services and prosecution, and public 

defense sectors constituted between 

37 and 39% of county justice 

expenditure; police protection 

expenditure between 32 and 35%; 

and corrections between 27 and 28%. 

'l'otal county expenditure for 

justice activities increased 181 % 

from FY 1971 to FY 1979, with $2.3 

billion of the $4 billion county justice 

expenditure increase occurring 

between 1975 and 1979. Every 

county justice function recorded 

larger dollar gains from 1975 to 1979 

than from 1971 to 1975-the only 

level of g0V0mment to do so. The 

greatest 1971-79 dollar increase at 

the county level occurred in police 

protection, $1.3 billion, up 178%. The 

increase in the corrections sector was 

also substantial: $1.1 billion or 185%. 

The "other criminal justice" sector 

rose from $2 million to $161 million, 

reflecting the activity of county 

justice planning agencies and significant increases hi capital outlay for 

the construction of multifunctional 

justice buildings. However, county 

"other criminal justice" spending in 

1979 represents a 2-year decline from 

$177 million spent in 1977, primarily 

reflecting decreases in justice block 

grant funds distributed to local 

governments by the States. County 

public defense expenditure also 

increased dramatically (377%, or 

$155 million) as counties continued 

to expand their public defense staffs 

9 
and/or increase their payments for 

court-appointed counsel systems. 

County expenditure for legal 

services and prosecution increased 

238% ($409 million). 

The police protection sector had 

the largest gain in full-time 

equivalent employment at the county 

level-34,408 or 50%-followed 

closely by the corrections sector with 

an increase of 32,859 or 67%. In both 

sectors, nearly 60% of the total 

employment increase occurred from 

1971 to 1975. County police 

employees made the greatest percentage gain in pay, from an average 

of $764 a month in October 1971 to 

$1,331 a month in October 1979, a 

74% increase (table C). In October 

1979, the highest paid county 

employees were in the public defense 

sector, followed by employees in legal 

services and prosecution, police protection, corrections, judicial, and 

"other criminal justice." 

Police protection expenditure of 

municipalities, (85% of municipal 

justice expenditure, $7.9 billion in 

1979) rose $4.2 billion since 

1971-the largest dollar increase 

among all justice sectors. 

The largest increase in number of 

municipal justice employees on a fulltime equivalent basis was also in the 

police protection sector: 51,754 more 

in October 1979 than in October 

1971, an increase of 16%. More than 

40,000 or 78% of this increase occurred from 1971 to 1975. 

In contrast to the 1975-79 decline 

in police employment growth, 

average monthly salaries for 

municipal police continued to increase at nearly the same rate (33%) 

from 1975 to 1979 as from 1971 to 

1975. 

Municipal corrections employees 

made the greatest proportionate gain 

in average monthly pay over the 9 

year period, from $824 in October 

1971 to $1,475 in October 1979 

10 

(79%). Police employees made the 

second largest gain, increasing from 

$841 to $1,462 (76%). In October 

1979, municipal employees in the 

legal services and prosecution sector 

drew the highest average pay, followed by police protection, corrections, public defense, "other criminal 

justice," and judicial. 

Large counties and cities 

Justice data on large counties 

(100,000 or more) and large cities 

(50,000 or more) published in each 

annual volume from 1971 to 1979 

demonstrate the concentration of 

justice activities in the larger local 

governments. Although the distribution pattern of expenditure within 

each sector of the large counties and 

cities generally reflects the pattern 

for all cities and counties (figure 7), 

justice spending in these units is 

much higher than their share of the 

population. From 1971 to 1979, 

population in large counties ranged 

from 55 to 60% of the U.S. population but absorbed between 75 and 

78% of total county justice expenditure. The large city units, containing 

a little over half the Nation's 

municipal popUlation during the 

1971-79 period, absorbed between 

67 and 71 % of total justice expenditure at the municipal level. As 

indicated by table C and figure 8, 

average monthly justice salaries in 

the large counties were substantially 

higher than the average for all counties, rivaling justice salary levels at 

the State government level from 

1971 to 1979. Average monthly 

salaries of justice employees in the 

large cities were exceeded only by 

pay rates at the Federal Government 

level. 

Per capita data and regional 

an.d State area ranldngs 

Figure 10 presents for each State 

the per capita expenditures for 

justice activities in fiscal years 1971 

and 197~. The per capita data were 

computed on the basis of the combined justice expenditures of the 

State and local governments in each 

of the two fiscal years and the 

estimated population of the State as 

of July 1, 1970, and July 1, 1978, 

respectively. 

Per capita justice expenditure in 

the United States rose 131 %, from 

$45 in 1971 to $104 in 1979. In both 

years, the District of Columbia 

showed the highest per capita expenditure for justice activities: $196 

in 1971 and $322 in 1979. Among the 

States, Alaska led the Nation in per 

capita justice expenditure ($105 in 

1971 and $269 in 1979), followed by 

New York ($85 and $174), Nevada 

($78 and $172), California ($69 and 

$138), and Arizona ($48 and $138). 

On a regional basis, the South led 

all other areas with a 153% increase 

in per capita justice expenditure, 

from $34 in 1971 to $86 in 1979. The 

North Central region recorded a per 

capita rise from $39 to $90-the 

second highest percentage increase 

(131%). The Northeast region's per 

capita justice spending rose 123% to 

$127, and the West recorded a 117% 

increase to $126. California, accounting for 55% of the West's 1979 

popUlation and 60% of its justice 

expenditure, had one of the lowest 

per capita increases, 100%. Excluding 

California, the per capita justice expenditure in the West region rose 

from $43 to $112, an increase of 161%. 

In 11 States (Alaska, Delaware, 

Kentucky, Maine, New Mexico, 

North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode 

Island, South Dakota, Vermont, and 

West Virginia), per capita justice expenditure of the State government 
equaled or exceeded that of its 

local government units. This 

represents an increase of five States 

over 1971. 

In terms of actual dollar increases 

. between 1971 and 1979, 7 of the top 

10 ranking States are in the 

Northeast and North Central regions: 

New York, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, and 

Massachusetts (figure 9). The South 

led all regions, however, in both total 

dollar increase in justice expenditure 

($4.0 billion) and percent increase, 

184% from 1971 to 1979 (figure 9). 

Figure 8 shows the distribution of 

total direct justice expenditure 

among county, municipal, and State 

governments within the United 

States as a whole and within each 

State area in 1971 and in 1979. 

Counties increased their share of 

total direct State-local justice expenditure from 23% to 27%, and State 

governments' portion of State-local 

justice spending rose from 29% to 

33%. Justice expenditure of municipalities fell from 48% to 41% of the 

State-local total, with declines 

occurring in 46 of 50 States are1;ls. 

In contrast, the share of justice 

funds expended by counties within 

State areas increased in 42 States 

and decreased in only 8. Also, State 

governments increased their proportion of justice funds spent in 32 

States and recorded declines in 18 

States. In 21 States, gains were 

made in the share of total justice expenditure by both the county and the 

State governments. 

Survey methodology: 

Sources and limitations 

of the data 

Survey coverage 

The annual surveys through which 

basic figures for this report were 

collected covered the Federal Government, all State governments, and a 

representative sample of local 

governments within each State. Data 

were collp,cted for: 

o all county governments (regardless 

of size), 

o all municipalities (and townships in 

the New England and Middle 

Atlantic States) having a 1970 

population of 10,000 or more, and 

• a sample of the remaining cities 

and townships of less than 10,000 

population selected according to 

the relative size of their annual expenditure as reported in the most 

recent Census of Governments. 

The survey panel for the FY 1979 

survey included the Federal Government, the 50 State governments, and 

11,878 local governments (the 3,042 

county governments, 6,762 

municipalities, and 2,074 townships). 

Independent school districts and 

special districts are excluded from 

survey coverage because the 

"variable pass-through" provisions of 

the Omnibus Crime Control Act, 

which 'governed the conduct of the 

survey, required that the concept of 

"local" government be confined to 

units of general local government. 

The survey period 

From 1971 to 1976, the Federal 

and State expenditure data presented 

in this report covered the fiscal years 

ending June 30 for each year except 

for three States with fiscal years 

ending as follows: New York, 

March 31; Texas, August 31; and 

Alabama, September 30. Since 1977, 

the fiscal year for the Federal 

Government has begun on October 1 

and ended September 30. (The 

Federal expenditure data for the 

fiscal transition quarter from July 1 

to September 30, 1976, were not included in the Federal data). Since 

1977, the fiscal year for the State 

government of Michigan was also for 

the 12-month period ending 

September 30. 

In addition, there are some State 

agencies that operate on a different 

fiscal year basis from the rest of the 

State government. In such instances, 

figures shown are for the agency's 

fiscal year that ended within the 

State's regular fiscal year. 

For local governments, the fiscal 

yetll'S reported are those that ended 

in the 12-month period between 

July 1 of one year and June 30 of 

the next (e.g., July I, 1970, to 

June 30, 1971, for fiscal 1971). Most 

municipalities or counties end their 

fiscal years on either December 31 or 

June 30. The 1979 fiscal year 

reported for Washington, D.C., .ended 

on September 30. 

Employment data shown for 

Federal, State, and local governments are for October of each year. 

Data collection 

The annual survey was accomplished using two methods of data 

collection: Field compilation and mail 

canvass. Trained field representatives 

compiled expenditure and employment data for the 50 States, the 

largest counties (population of 

100,000 or more), the largest cities 

(population of 50,000 or more) and 

selected smaller units, using the 

governments' own records and the 

definitions presented in appendix 1. 

All other units in the sample were 

canvassed by mail for expenditure 

and employment data. The response 

for field-compiled units in all years 

was 100%. The response from mail 

canvass units was: 

• 80% for the FY 1971 survey year, 

• 89% for FY 1972, 

o 92% for FY 1973, 

• 92% for FY 1974, 

• 95% for FY 1975, 

• 92% for FY 1976, 

11 
• 92% for FY 1977. 

• 93% for 1978. and 

• 90% for 1979. 

The field survey efforts and mail 

canvass were supplemented by 

reference to a variety of published 

government documents such as 

budgets, financial statements. and 

audit reports. In some cases. such 

sources were the basis for 

breakdowns of totals into more 

detailed employment and expenditure 

figures. 

Expenditure and employment data 

for the Federal Government were collected through a special mail survey. 

with telephone followup of Federal 

justice agencies in accordance with 

definitions used for State and local 

governments (see appendix 1). 

Data limitations 

The sample selected to develop 

local government figures is one of all 

possible samples of the same size 

that could have been chosen using 

the same sampling design. Estimates 

derived from these different samples 

would differ from each other and also 

from the complete census using the 

same data collection procedures. This 

variation among all possible estimates is sampling error. Because all 

State and county governments are: 

included in the survey. State and 

county figures are not subject to 

sampling error. 

The local government san1ple was 

designed to produce an estimate for 

each State of the portion of total 

justice expenditure made by local 

governments with a relative sampling error of less than one-half of 1 %. 

For the Fiscal Year 1978 data. the 

errors were less than one-half of 1 % 

in all but 13 States. However. in all 

50 States. the errors were less than 

three-quarters of 1%, at the 95% confidence level. 

The relative sampling error of the 

State-by-State estimates of FY 1978 

local government justice expenditure 

was calculated at the two-thirds confidence level and found to be within 

3% of the estimated totals for all 

States and less than 2% for 32 

States. The results of the computation of standard errors for fiscal year 

1978 local government totals on a 

relative standard error basis are summarized in table D. 

Because State government figures 

are not subject to sampling variation, the State local aggregates 

shown for individual States are 

relatively more reliable than the local 

government estimates they include. 

The estimated data are also subject 

to nonsampling errorj Le .• the 

inaccuracies in classification. 

response. and processing that would 

occur if a complete census had been 

conducted under the same conditions 

as the sample survey. Every effort 

was made to keep such errors to a 

minimum through care in examining. 

editing, and tabulating the data submitted by government officials. 

Followup procedures were used 

extensively to clarify inadequate and 

inconsistent survey returns. 

Readers should be generally 

cautious in comparing governments. 

because differences in functional 

responsibilities from State to State 

and government to government can 

affect the comparability of expenditure and employment data. For 

example. some State governments 

directly administer certain activities 

that elsewhere are undertaken by 

local governments. with or without 

fiscal aid. and the same variation in 

the division of responsibilities exists 

for counties and cities. 

As noted in the section on "Survey 

Coverage." the survey panel includes 

only general local governments (counties. municipalities. and townships) 

and excludes independent school 

districts and special districts. 

Therefore. when justice expenditure 

and employment data are compared 

with "total" governmental expenditure and employment as in figure 1. 

the comparison is based on data for 

general local governments only. 

Because of rounding. the detailed 

data in some tables may not add 

precisely to the totals shown. 

Table D. Rel3tlve standard errors of local government totals of justice expenditure, 1978 

0.5 or less 0.5 -1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 3.0 

California Alaska Colorado Maryland Alabama North Dakota 

Hawaii Arizona Delaware Massach usetts Arkansas Oklahoma 

Michigan Connecticut Florida Montana Idaho Pennsylvania 

Nevada Indiana Georgia Nebraska Iowa South Carolina 

New Mexico Rhode Island Illinois North Carolina Minnesota Tennessee 

New York Vermont Kansas Ohio Missi~sippi Utah 

Texas Kentucky Oregon Missouri West Virginia 

Louisiana South Dakota New Hampshire Wisconsin 

Maine Vjrginia New Jersey Wyoming 

Washington 

12 
Changes in survey 

methodology 

As discussed earlier, this series of 

annual reports began with FY 1967. 

The survey originated in the Bureau 

of the Census as a special in-house 

study in which police protection, 

judicial, and corrections data for 

selected large governments were 

extracted from data compiled in the 

Bureau's regular annual finance and 

employment sample surveys. In the 

FY 1969 survey, prosecution and 

public defense were added to the 

original three justice categories, 

coverage was extended to the entire 

regular annual survey sample of 

counties and municipalities, and a 

mail canvass questionnaire designed 

specifically to elicit justice data was 

used for all but the largest governments, which were canvassed by field 

agents. These changes must be taken 

into account in making year-to-year 

comparisons using data prior to FY 

1971. 

The Federal expenditure data 

presented in all reports through FY 

1970 were extracted from the Budget 

of the United States Government, 

and the Federal employment data 

were provided by the U.S. Civil 

Service Commission. Since FY 1971 

Federal data have been collected by a 

special mail canvass. 

For the FY 1971 survey, a new and 

enlarged panel of local governments 

was drawn specifically for the justice 

expenditure and employment survey 

to include all county governments 

and a larger representation of 

municipalities and townships, to 

produce more reliable estimates for 

use by LEAA in the allocation of 

block grant funds between State and 

local governments. The data 

presented in reports since FY 1971 

and summarized in this report are 

therefore comparable, because they 

are derived using the same methods 

of data collection and processing. 

The only significant variations 

occurred in classification of certain 

expenditure items discussed in detail 

in the following section. 

Changes in classification 

In the FY 1971 report, police protection expenditure included amounts 

expended for traffic safety and 

related traffic engineering. Beginning 

with the FY 1972 report, these 

expenditures were excluded from the 

police protection figures. Also, data 

for special police forces administered 

by general purpose governments 

(such as airport police, park police, 

housing police, etc.) were included in 

the police protection figures if the 

force employed 10 or more full-time 

sworn officers with general arrest 

powers. Beginning with the FY 1972 

report, data for these forces were 

included regardless of size. 

In the FY 1971 report, correctional. 

expenditure figures covered a number 

of drug and alcohol abuse facilities 

and programs administered by 

assorted agencies, departments, and 

private organizations receiving public 

funding. Beginning with the FY 1972 

report, these institutions and programs were included only if 

administered by a correctional 

agency within the crimnal justice 

system. 

In many States, statutes either 

require or permit local governments 

to supplement the salary of Statepaid judges of major trial courts. In 

the FY 1971 report, an attempt was 

made to count these judges and their 

total payroll at the State level only. 

This effort was not uniformly 

successful, however. Therefore, beginning with the FY 1972 report, judges 

actually receiving a check from both 

the State and local governments were 

counted as part-time employees at 

both levels. 

Measuring the impact of these 

changes from year to year is 

virtually impossible, primarily 

because governments on the survey 

mail panel are requested to provide 

only summary daca for each major 

justice activity. This prevents a yearto-year comparison of expenditures 

for the classification subcategories 

within each major activity. To a 

lesser extent, changes in governments' fiscal periods, accounting, and 

classification practices from year to 

year pose procedural difficulties in 

measuring the impact of changes in 

classification used in this survey. 

Availability of data 

The annual report, Expenditure 

and Employment Data for the 

Criminal Justice System was published for. each of the fiscal years 

1967 through 19794 and Trends ill 

Expenwture and Employment Data 

for the Criminal Justice System,was 

pubished for the periods, FY 1971-73, 

FY 1971-74, FY 1971-75, FY 1971-76, 

and FY 1971-77. Copies of the annual 

report for the fiscal years 1973 

through 1979 and copies of all 

Trends reports are available from the 

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. 

Government Printing Office, 

Washington, D.C. 20402; Department 

of Commerce District offices; and 

from the National Criminal ,Justice 

Reference Service, B,ox 6000, 

Rockville, Md. 20850. Data are also 

available on magnetic tape from the 

Criminal Justice Archive and Information Network, P.O. Box 1248, Ann 

Arbor, Mich. 48106, (313/764-5199). 

'The 1979 report was titled, "Justice 

Expenditure in the United States, 1979." 

13 

GRAPHIC SUMMARY 
16 GRAPH IC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 1. 

Percent distribution of total direct expenditure for criminal 

justice activities by type of government and by function, 

FY 1971 and FY 1979 

Municipalities 

Federal government 

100r--r---r---r'---'---'-r---r---~--~--~-r--'----rr---r---~---'---'--' 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

o 

1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 

Total Police Judicial Legal Public Corrections Other 

criminal protection services defense criminal 

justice justice 

Percent distribution of fUll-time equivalent employment 

~~7Z'pe of government and by function, FY 1971 and FY,» 

Municipalities 

Counties 

States 

Federal government 

FIGURE 2. ~ 

100r--r--.---'-r-~----r'---~--TT---r---rr-~r--.-r--.---~r--~---~~ 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

1971 1979 1979 1971 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 1971 1979 

Total Police Judicial Legal Public Corrections Other 

justice protection services defense criminal 

employment justice 
---------------------------~,-"'-"--

GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 17 

FIGURE 3. IHl;~Y~-f\;1 Total general 

Percent increase in total general expenditure and in .,,,- expenditure 

justice expenditure by type of government, 1971-1979, 

1971-1975 and 1975-1979 c::::J Justice expenditure 

1971-1979 

i: :\G:.,y,;'j":,l](i,"i:';'·,cn:;iX{~hl~:i>~ii;;'J~·:::l~)"··F.\;+",'f, '0 iU;f~~11 09 Ali governments* "', . .., , ...... ,~. 1148 

~~,; '4~;~?';,'il~;;,¢!:J;;~'l" >"~.~gI119 Federal government .. ' ,'. '.' .... . ..... ': ". , 1181 

1:.iIl\:i{';:',;:':i;i;:\l''-::·:il', . 125 State governments .... ";' , .' 1190 

I' '. :';\'i:.'~)i'~: n:;:J~'f~;;F~i,'rt,,:i('t(,r:*,?;',)\ _ll!;~"'1·~~,~lt~ 135 County governments J~ 

,". - 0 .. . .... ., 1181 

l·y'j'·\";!:)l-:·\;';';iC'i1~·;"-/~;."~,:;;,,,,:,, :i;~_:;·;K;~·.{: ~,~llt~;!~11 05 Municipalities . 1109 

I I I I I I I 

0 25 50 75 ;00 125 150 175 200 

Percent 

1971-1975 

All governments* 

Federal government 80 

State governments 

County gc,vernments 78 

Municipal 

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 

Percent 

1975-1979 

All governments* 

Federal government 

State governments 60 

County governments 

Municipalities 

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 

*General purpose governments only Percent 

• ""'~~0_-:·L....:=~~ "'-','_",::~"''',:~2'_,:c"., 

• _. ", 'Y·":""'~.'O~"~"'~""·_ 
18 GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 4. 

Percent change in total full-time equivalent employment 

and in justice full-time equivalent employment, by type 

of government 1971-1979, 1971-1975 and 1975-1979 

1971-1979 

All governments* 

Federal government 

State governments 

County governments 

Municipalities 

-10 o 10 20 

Percent 

1971-1975 

All governments* , 

Federal government 

Stale governments 

County governments 

Municipalities 

-10 o 10 20 

Percent 

1975-1979 

All governments* 'it: .. ;!.:: ~ 6.4 , .- " J 12.1 

Federal government -0.4 n , 17.1 

State governments " 12.0 

, ."'0 J 25.0 

" 

County governments 

15.1 

j 16.6 

Municipalities ~2.6 , . 2.8 

J J 

-10 o 10 20 

*General purpose governments only Percent 

Total full-time 

rJiIIJ equivalent employment 

r---1 Justice full-time 

~ equivalent employment 

30 40 50 60 

30 40 50 60 

1 1 I 

30 40 50 60 
1,,,<,, 

GRAPH IC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 5. 

Amount and percent of increase or decrease in direct justice 

expenditure by function and type of government 1971 to 

1975 and 1975 to 1979 

*** 

$1000 $750 $500 $250 0 

Millions of dollars 

* Decrease of 4% or$15 million from 1975 to 1979 

**Decrease of 3% or $ 4 million from 1975 to 1979 

** *Decrense of 3% or $ 2 million from 1975 to 1979 

LICE PROTECTIO 

Federal 

States 

Counties 

Municipalities 

JUDICIAL 

Federal 

States 

Counties 

Municipalities 

Federal 

States 

Counties 

Municipalities 

Federal 

States 

Counties 

Municipalities 

CORRECTIONS 

Federal 

States 

Counties 

Municipalities 

ER CRIMINAL J 

Federal 

States 

Counties 

Municipalities 

0 

.1971-75 increase 

.1975-79 increase 

__ 82 

•••••• 124 

_. __ .141 

__ .100 

176 

"_.148 

___ 1]162 

BIi.96 

50 100 150 200 

Percent increase or decrease 

19 
20 GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 6. 

Total justice expenditure by type of government 

and by function, 1971 to 1979 

8,000 Mi!lion~ of dollars 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

500 

400 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

5 

4 

3 

2 

FEDERAL 

Police protection 

~?~ ~ 

~ 

~ 

'- Legal services 

/\==-

/' Public defense 

Mi !lions of dollars 

.----------------.8,000 

STATES 

Police protection 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

judicial .#/~ . 

)

1' 1,000 

;:Pf .",.r~ 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 1 

1971 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 1979 1971 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 1979 
GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 6. 

Total justice fmpenditure by type of government 

and by function, 1971 to 1979-Continued 

8,000 Millions of dollars 

COUNTIES MUNICIPALITIES 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

Police protection 

1,000 \ 

Judicial 

" 500 Corrections 

400 

300 

Millions of dollars 

\ 

Police protection 

Corrections 

\ 

200 

L~al services 

100 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

5 

4 

3 

2 

Public defense 

\ Other 

criminal justice 

\ 

\ Other 

criminal justice 

\ 

Public defense 

8,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000· 

1,000 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 1 

1971 

~ 

'72 '73 '74 ~1Er '77 '78 1979 1971 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 1979 

21 
22 GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 7. 

Justice expenditure by function of large counties* 

and large cities,* 1971 to 1979 

Millions of dollars Millions of dollars 8,000..,.---------------,-, r-----------------r8,OOO 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

50 

40 ~ 

30 

20 

10 

5 

4 

3 

2 

LARGE COUNTIES 

Corrections 

Police 

protection 

\ 

Judicial 

\ . Legal services 

LARGE CITIES 

~~ Judicial 

\ 

Legal services 

-"",="'-1-5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

\ Other 50 

criminal justice ",,/ 40 

/ 30 ~:"",:"""",,;r:t. 

.4"""'" 

;/ 0 IiCd

""",, 

20 

10 

5 

4 

3 

2 

'72 '74 '75 '76 77 '78 1979 1971 '72 '73 '74 '75 '76 '77 '78 1979 

*Included are all cities over 50,000 popu:ation and all counties over 100,000 population. 
GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 23 

FIGURE 8. 1971 1979 

Percent distribution of criminal justice expenditure I ~.:;.;~ ~~~::::r;t;" by type of government, 1971 and 1979 

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 

Total, U.S. Missouri 

Alabama Montana 

Alaska Nebraska 

Arizona Nevada 

Arkansas New Hampshire 

California New Jersey 

Colorado New Mexico 

Connecticut New York 

Delaware North Carolina 

Dist. of Columbia North Dakota 

Florida Ohio 

(3eorgia Oklahoma 

Hawaii Oregon 

Idaho Pennsylvania 

Illinois Rhode Island 

Indiana South Carol ina 

Iowa South Dakota 

Kansas Tennessee 

Kentucky Texas 

Louisiana Utah 

Maine Vermont 

Maryland Virginia 

Ma$sach usetts Washington 

Michigan West Virginia 

Minnesota Wisconsin 

Mississippi Wyoming 

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 
24 GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 9. 

Dollar increase in justice expenditure of 

State and local governments by State 

areas, 1971 to 1979. 

Northeast 

North Central 

South 

West 

New California York~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$1~'~68~6;:" ~ 

Illinois ~!!!!!!!~!!!!~~~ $706 $1,536 Florida ~ $681 

Michigan $642 

Texas $640 

Pennsylvania $591 

New Jersey $51/ 

Oh io Lo::=::::::=±:==~::,!~:.i.I $480 Massachusetts I- $348 

Virginia $307 

North Carolina __ $300 

Maryland $284 

Georgia $266 

Louisiana! $259 

Arizona $237 

Tennessee' $235 

Missouri $231 

Washington i~~~i$223 Minnesota $218 

Wisconsin !==::::::::::::J: 

Indiana 

Kentucky Colorado 

Oregon iiil~ Alabama , $172 

Connecticut $153 , South Carolina 'l!i!'~ _ $147 

Oklahoma 7'~:a" $130 

Iowa $127 

Kansas $105 

Utah $84 

New Mexico 

Mississippi 

Nebraska 

Alaska 

Nevada 

Arkansas 

District of Columbia 

West Virginia 

Hawaii 

Rhode Island 

Idaho 

New Hampshire 

Percent and amount of increase in total state and local government 

criminal justice expenditure by region, 1971 to 1978 

Delaware 

Wyoming 

Montana 

Maine 

South Dakota 

North Dakota 

Vermont 

o 

$42 

$42 

'$40 

$40 

$37 

-$29 

$25 

$20 

200 

Northeast 

North Central 

South 

West 

4,000 2,000 0 

Mi lIions of dollars 

400 600 800 1,000 

Millions of dollars 

o 100 

Percent 

1,200 

200 

1,400 1,600 
GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURI: 10. 

Per capita justice expenditure of state and local 

governments, by state area, FY 1971 and FY 1979; 

percent increase 1971-79-Continued 

$451 

$104 i"', State-local total 

$32 

$120w~'1"' ,~\;,",';',J,'"Zi;,'¥\':-;' ,;';:,?,,~;:'\it:':::g}\d, Wyoming 

$26~ 

$86 n";"':'i? ",,;,'\;,t Utah 

$24r-' 

$791>;,;,\C,c' ~;;"":":~~;':iG'i ';>1,:, Kentucky 

$18r'""' 

$551, ':::l,i';Z~i;$;;\",'?:>;i West Virginia 

$23r-

$6811,",:,,' ,; :,y::,;''',i;,F;,'<\;Ifii, Alabama 

$27~ 

$7%:: :"":~',1'~\~:,;i!;';': " Tennessee 

$25~ 

$73n';i:;i South Carolina 

$48 1 

$138 r. ,,' ,;"h ::'Y' i"'i';f~::};i':: i:'.';:;:,;;,};:,;,' Arizona 

$9! 

1$351 " 

;J\::,:",:"':'''''',:>'\,;''; Louisiana 

$28r 

$77I::t::":; ,,,,,:,,,,,,,:;,,,,:,,,,,:,, Montana 

$421 

$1151<"<' : ';::,:, \',''''1'':/";,,,' ,,': Oregon 

~381 $103 ;:::'::':"';", i',,",'" ;,',;;""'\;:1,.';;.1\ Colorado 

1$37 1 

$100 ',y;:'",\:,:;:,,:}:~:;:: :;:,,~,; \';:'j::i'i'i\>!";/'::' Rhode Island 

$291 

$78 ",,',,!)::', ':':\:,2~~,; ::!;!':D,:: Nebraska 

$19r-

$51 I":j);\'~';i;:, ::,~,;,,; Arkansas 

$31 

1?83 ,,;;, ':" ,,;c' ;:'::i"W:8':'i'>;':"'::;, North Carolina 

$321 

$85,:,:,;'.'::,>;",;:", ',;';;:;,'S:;:,:':C:';;',::' fct; Minnesota 

$23r-

$611":::;,:":',';",,;',,\' ;(1)' North Dakota 

$431 

$1141',:'\,' >;': : :,:: "i~,:, :;:,,:~.':,,", ';' ;P;':"::,: ii,s;t: Florida 

1001 ,,',7:::,~;':;; $341 

,:;",;:::',';:::"::;:;:'::::, Virginia 

$25r-

$661,>::::;"'5: c:,:':"J;:;.\;" South Dakota 

$381 

$100 ::: :>2;';1.':';;';', New Mexico 

$31 

$81 . ,< .~);~: Georgia 

$28 1 

$72 Oklahoma 

$269 1 

I3Yfo.f'~~m yb" Alaska 

200 150 100 50 o 

per capita expenditure 

"1971 

f,l~!i,fi 1979 

,', '," 1971-79 percent increase 

0 60 120 180 

1971-79 percent increase 

25 

240 
26 GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 10. 

Per capita justice expenditure of state and local 

governments, by state area, FY 1971 and FY 1979; 

percent increase 1S71-79 

$29F: .. ' 

$31 .,' '.' 

$77nij~'lJ!ll:~, 

1$291 $721~¥' 

$26~ 

$631.lc;;.*,\;:;r;;, " " 

$311 ' 

$75 "liir..:;;a~\~Jfl1iI:f~~~~{\ 

0: $341: .. 

$811$'J;,,;i~~~~'i! ':, q:;~l 

$521 ." . 

$441 

$98 ~~;L»!:""i,., 

I $551 

$1~~~m'~~:liii~~~~~~~~~ $781' .•......... 

$1721\'.~:~';Vii~;1'!,0~{i1i' ;I~~ 

$541> .... 

$114~~,,~,,' ...• ' 

$9J2) ",',,," ,,~~~~.I':l~'::~' . :. .~W'··':'·~:?1i~'t,-:;:~,.:" ~':f>~'H~tJ ;U·F,1-:;.'.~~:· 

I $60t;J; (';!j~~':;;;;;;;. $851 " .' " 

$1741:::\.,,";"~:;s:1;;;:t' "lI" .4'~~_'ffiI(i\:a-"M~';~;'l\": .l $691 . ;. 

$138 '~l<,'5,i~1<.~~ . ?t1~~:.:;~":.,:,~,;,, l s41r· ~:c 

$187 r~~:~~i~\W! 

$196 $79 . .:: )i·fc~!if;?,{r·c~~' 

I .. '. " .. ' 

Texas 

New Hampshire 

Michigan 

Mississippi 

Idaho 

Iowa 

Indiana 

Kansas 

Missouri 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Massachusetts 

Illinois 

Ohio 

Washington 

Maryland 

Nevada 

Hawaii 

Connecticut 

Maine 

New York 

California 

Wisconsin 

Vermont 

Dist. of Columbia 

0 

1971 

1979 

1971-79 percent increase 

120 180 

1971-79 percent increase 

240 
GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 11. 

Average monthly salaries of justice full-time equivalent 

employees by type of government, 1971 to 1979 

27 

$2,1oo..------------------------------__ ---, $2,100 

$1,800 

$1,500 

$1,200 

$900 

$600 $600 

$300 $300 

OL-------~-------L------~--______ L_ ______ ~ ______ ~ ________ ~ ____ ~O 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 

FIGURE 12. 

Federal, State and local intergovernmental expenditure 

for criminal justice activities, 1971 to 1979 

Millions of dollars Millions of dollars 

1,200 r------------------------------------------------_ _, 1,200 

1,100 

1,000 

900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100~ __ ----~------_L------_1--------r_------l_------~ 

1,100 

900 

4~ State -e77 /? 1,000 // 

.~/ 

800 

r---_d 700 

Federal 

600 

500 

400 

""!""---e!!l300 

Local 

200 

100 

O~-----~------L------~-------L-------~------~--------~-----~O 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 
28 GRAPHIC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 13. 

State intergovernmental expenditure for criminal justice activities as a percent of total 

state government criminal justice expenditure, 1971 and 1979 

I 

j : .i8.2 

States, total ,1.\;"1 :?:'1J;~~~;g,':)::;>i::[i\1;:":r:(,:;:;:.::/(.;;:·;\ ;;i~:112.6 

Alabama ,. i... • ·· ... ,·.·.19.9 

·.·;;t.~:t3::·:\\·:~~ 9.3 

* Alaska 1"',,/;;>\12.3 

Arizona " : ... ' '.' " ", \8.8 

.?}:.;:·}"!;i :;;i:'.:,:·:~,·<i':::>:);:::;':,17.3 

Arkansas • . J' ,.~ c:~ ,;J 12.3 

I ::S'i:!.::\', ,;;":::>,~::;:::;,'i :i':Z:;:::~,\;)::\:;f:';;:\,'::>;i:: ,!:'::r::,::i11. 7 

',; '019.8 

California ~:,""~;"r"."",~ ..• ;:;:,,'i-!';~:;:~"'::;!'i~\;'::.':,r:./,,· ..•• ~((i~,~«~;;;:\"~~'"':':.t~"'7'2 .. :~:;":::>.M,:~~\:>::~:,"\.:1;;;:),.."::'£,,.,~..,,~":'0"'",?(;~~tI15.4 

.; .,'.' 6.4 Colorado ,Y':'?:;·,",.;:;'·",;; :"'1 4.8 

Connecticut ~=.."...;-,,,-J: 13.2 ,:\,x'·;":,12.4 

,.,'. ' .. e J 9.1 ':\,f;::';'}";~J 3.9 Idaho 

. .,\3.5\ "I InOIS 1':.',.::::,::,(,::<",:""", ,-"',,'. \' 10.0 

Indiana rs;]~"-:;)+-;~1 ,:;: . .;:;.;;9:',=,::i""":~<;15.5 

Iowa ~~===~~=T'::"-:::---11 0.0 . itCC{',;';:,,:,;;>:':,("::\:>;';:1 7.2 

Kansas:~\Y~~;',;F;:;,:' ;;;:"l}1166~4 

k :'" ... '., ;L ' 112. 1 

Kentuc y ;.;::;';,<·:·.~:::.GL:'7i'\",,'::;;';,;:';;~)'.;)J 11.8 

Louisiana 

Maine 

"';,".';" 

,e:,:;',T"";;: :::',::';0:,'0': ",li.'c+"::;S,,·,/· ;,.:: . 

. 14.8 ~;;'::(i::':.l;i::::;\ri.~~~';\;:;,Y:::1 5.1 

". J 15.3 

.'"c.:,').!:'IN',,:::::;·: .'J 15.6 

Massachusetts 1=:: ~!Z~':~::~~~~~:':~':~L~15~,~9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (ii;>h;;:: ;::.:~G '::'.:;):, ;':':d:' :"":::'):',:: }.;'::::.,;i5tJS;;.\' :',':F::;}:~;' ;:\:;.;\i";'.:J~~i.:l"tit;r',;; :7 3 7.5 : LJ..i.. ~ 

Michigan I:; );:,.;::\,.:,.~;,.~~.:7, :~:2:2:.L~;;: ;r'::.':'-'i:''L,~~0:':i::;:,:();\:; ',::':.:1 20.8 

Minnesota: r---------~----~--~ ,I :1 9.2 ';:j~~~'::'(:.:::' ,:;,,<.;,,:,: ::;>:.;,i;',': ::(C;::~:;;::.P.'.21.!.::C:.::::i.iJ 17,1 

.•. ·;.14.0 Mississippi ,:::;~:" :::,\/::::' ':'; ::::i;,.~: ." ;' .. I 8.5 

o 5 10 

"No state intergovernmental expenditure for criminal justice activities in 1971 

15 

Percent 

20 25 30 
GRAPH IC SUMMARY-Continued 

FIGURE 13. 

State intergovernmental expenditure for criminal justice activities as a percent of total 

state government criminal justice expenditure, 1971 and 1979 -Continued 

Missouri ";,ci';i: ". .. '.".' ,,' . 9.8 

:";'.'!;'f," ~'~,'.";.,:';::~:'"" ':;\:'·;;:;';~19.9 

J 11.4 

New York :·'/·"i';,".:!!,<:<;;:,::" c<;{';';f;"::J;:'1~;;."L\>111.5 

' ..... \3.1 

North Carolina ""'~'::'~" .. <""'t::.:"~.'.:~':'.1;)l;';;";"';'!(':"':;"'.'1'4.9 

Oklahoma,:';:<{>;,,12.6 5.1 

Texas 

Ve rmont ~r-::--::--~---'"1"""' ...... 1 5.9 

f.2ll 0.8 

Virginia I:.; /.'\1) .';> '/., :111.7 " 

,";,'" )'i:. ':;'.d'·,; 

1--------.' 

W h· t n L..:,..· ··-=~~,...,.~·I 4":.,;.+4"..,.,."..,..,,,,-=-=~ as Ing 0 ":"":":;":':":""".:i.':'I":;.,:',.';',;';;110.2 

West Virginia H"'~""'-::-:-'---r-___ --..17.3 

:'1.':.'12.1 

W 'ng I--~~--'--""""'--"T'-': ..... j 11.1 yoml ~1.7 

o 5 10 15 

Percent 

20 

.;.:I 21.8 

25 

29 

30 
30 

FIGURE 14. 

State corrections capital outlay 

expenditure, 1971·1979 

Millions 

of 

dollars 

. GRAPH IC SUMMARY-Continued 

Percent of 

State 

corrections 

direct 

expenditure 

~0~--------------------------------------------------------------------~15 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

/ 

Dollars 

(left scale) 

12 

'1111.11.la.I •• liBllall.I~1 

" / 

Percent 9 

(right scale) 

6 

3 

O~ ______ ~ ________ ~ ______ ~ ________ ~ ______ ~ _________ L-______ ~ ______ ~O 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 
I 

Section I. VARIABLE PASS-THROUGH DATA 

The data in this table were developed to comply with the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Steets Act of 1968 as amended, which 

requires that the block grants made by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration to each State be allocated between the State 

and local govern"1ents according to the ratio of State-to-Iocal law enforcement expenditure from their own revenue sources. Although 

the block grant program was suspended, Table 1 of this report continues to present the variable pass-through data to allow for historical analysis with earlier data published in previous reports. 

The concept of "expenditure from own sources" specified in the law and used in the data collection means that the expenditure 

figures from which the State-to-Iocal ratio was developed do not include amounts expended from revenue received from other governments. For example, State or local government expenditure from sales or prcperty tax revenue are included but not amounts expended 

from intergovernmental revenue, such as Federal grant monies. (It should be noted that this is the only table in this publication based 

on this concept. All other expenditure tables reflect expenditure from all sources.) 

Specifically for local government, any expenditure from revenue received from another local government, or received directly from 

the Federal Government or from the .:>tate government must be excluded. Likewise for State governments, expenditure from revenue 

received from local goverrrnents or from the Federal Government must be excluded. 

The following items were deducted from t,otal criminal justice expenditure of I"cal governments to arrive at local government 

expenditure from own revenue sources: Revenue received directly from the Federal Government for criminal justice purposes, State 

payments to local governments for criminal justice purposes, and payments from local government(s) to other local government(s) for 

criminal justice purposes. The same procedure was followed to arrive at State government expenditure from own revenue sources. 

Criminal justice revenue received directly from the Federal Government and local criminal justice payments to the State government 

were deducted from the total State expenditure for criminal jUstice. This procedure assumes that all intergovernmental pilyments 

received by a government will be expended during the same fiscal year they were received. While this may not be the case in a particular year, any discrepancy will cancel out over time. 

1""" .... ,,,'"',,'tLit'"",,."'l,;:.c;;:..!..:::.f.,"",,,"'. '''''>'''''''''''''''''''''---'''''"''':''''~''''''''''''!¥;';;;'-'-'' ,"",-~''''',",,'''",-'' ""'~',,,,'~""'-"",,', ,."""""y",,,,;,,,,"",,.,.,,,,.~,,,,,,. ~,-,,-~=,-,,=~~="=' '=' ,.="'-'~··"~·'::':£"~!~:.2~'---_'::":S':;:'_<Y_' 
_.,,

32 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table L Percent distribution of total criminal justice expenditure from own sources of State and local governments, 

by State: fiscal years 1971·1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

1971 1972 1973 

Total Percent: expended by-- Total Percent expended by_. Total Pc reen t expended by--

State State-local S ta te-loca 1 State-local 

expenditure State Local expenditure State Local expenditure State Local tram Ol!l1 governmen ts 1 from own governments I from own governments I sources I government; sources I government sources 1 government 

STATE-LOCAL I TOTAL. 9 009 659 28.9 71.1 9 761 025 29.4 70.6 10 602 093 29.4 70.6 

ALABAMA. 76 910 32.7 67.3 84 977 32.8 67.2 91 064 35.4 6 11.6 ALASKA. 32 151 82.4 17.6 35 937 81.6 18.4 34 757 81.6 18.4 ARIZONA • 84 319 30.1 69.9 96 069 31.4 68.6 1.17 196 30.1 69.9 ARKANSAS. 33 476 33.8 66.2 39 238 32.7 67.3 40 097 27.8 72.2 CALIfORNIA. 1 362 365 211.7 75.3 1 457 389 25.2 74.8 1 603 141 23.6 76.4 

COLORADO. 80 689 43.7 56.3 91 564 43.5 56.5 102 767 44.7 55.3 CONNECTICUT 131 757 48.0 52.0 146 497 48.8 51.2 158 391 47.9 52.1 DELAWARE. 28 257 71.3 28.7 28 498 65.4 311.6 35 301 71.8 28.2 DISTRICT Of COLUMBIA. 1111 233 - 100.0 138 082 - 100.0 1811 018 - 100.0 fLORIDA 291 5112 25.5 711.5 323 682 27.3 72.7 386 613 31.2 68.8 

GEORGIA 132 370 31.0 69.0 134 396 31.3 68.7 159 668 311.2 65.8 HAWAII. III 5110 33.1 66.9 115 860 29.7 70.3 46 816 30.7 69.3 IDAHO. 19 488 117.2 52.8 22 9110 115.11 511.6 26 148 1111.6 55.4 ILLINOIS. 530 582 25.8 74.2 592 430 25.3 711.7 616 105 25.1 711.9 INDIANA 134 379 32.5 67.5 152 406 30.5 69.5 156 886 30.B 69.2 

IOWA. 76 8011 39.6 60./1 73 899 34.5 65.5 79 386 32.2 67.8 KANSAS. 66 502 44.1 55.9 74 371 44.8 55.2 80 294 42.8 57.2 KENTUCKY. 73 574 47.9 52.1 79 790 47.3 52.7 87 497 46.5 53.5 LOUISIANA 124 716 35.8 64.2 127 506 36.4 63.6 150 724 34.1 65.9 MAI/'{E • 26 721 53.5 46.5 28 235 51.5 48.5 31 268 51,5 48.5 

MARYLAND. 215 634 51.B 48.2 239 202 56.8 43.2 266 668 55.1 44.9 MASSACHUSETTS 272 776 25.9 74.1 296 597 26.3 73.7 344 328 28.3 71.7 MICHIGAN. 396 550 21.8 78.2 450 795 24.1 75.9 497 333 24.2 75.8 MINNESOTA. 118 966 28.5 71.5 134573 27.4 72.6 145 376 26.0 74.0 MISSISSIPPI 45 883 40.1 59.9 49 968 43.3 ~6.7 56 407 42.1 57.9 

MISSOURI. 154 174 23.9 76.1 169 727 22.2 77.8 177 795 23.9 76.1 MONTANA. 17 663 42.0 58.0 21 255 42.5 57.5 22 533 44.0 56.0 NEBRASKA. 42 321 32.3 67.7 45 213 30.9 69.1 50 466 35.1 64.9 NEVADA. 38 093 24.8 75.2 43 494 26.5 73.5 47 882 26.1 73.9 NEW HAMPSHIRE 20 645 36.3 63.7 23 164 33.8 66.2 26 085 34.7 65.3 

NEW JERSEY. 373 032 24.7 75.3 418 999 24.5 75.5 453 389 25.2 74.8 NEW MEl< ICO. 35 794 47.4 52.6 40 087 49.6 50.4 42 827 53.2 46.8 NEW YORK. 1 532 369 22.1 77.9 1 619 978 19.7 80.3 1 638 663 19.0 81.0 NORTH CAROL INA. 154 167 57.0 43.0 162 273 56.3 43.7 1811 637 ~lJ.l 45.9 NORTH DAKOTA. 13 555 29.6 70.4 14 971 31.1 68.9 15 521 28.5 71.5 

OHIO. 376 829 28.1 71.9 397 189 31.3 68.7 422 433 31.2 68.8 OKLAHOMA. 70 931 39.5 60.5 68 407 45.5 54.5 75 093 36.7 63.3 OREGON. 86 798 37.2 62.8 98 878 39.9 60.1 105 657 38.7 61.3 PENNSYLVANIA. 450 042 21.1 78.9 512 222 27.8 72.2 546 873 31.6 68.4 RHOD E ISLAND. 34 202 46.5 53.5 37 252 45.4 54.6 39 821 46.3 53.7 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 59 674 40.3 59.7 71 415 41.4 58.6 79 478 42.5 57.5 SOUTH DAKOTA. 15 816 41.6 58.4 16 379 42.0 58.0 16 721 43.9 56.1 TENNESSEE 103 843 35.0 65.0 114 423 35.0 65.0 127 606 32.1 67.9 TEXAS . 315 112 25.4 74.6 330 465 28.0 72.0 360 187 26.9 73.1 UTAH. 26 046 45.5 54.5 31 663 41.1 58.9 35 335 41.5 58.5 

VERMONT 16 496 82.3 17.7 17 131 79.4 20.6 19 896 75.1 VIRGINIA. 154 078 47.2 52.8 164 735 48.7 51.3 1M 976 47.5 ;~:;( WASHINGTON. 145 405 35.9 64.1 147 891 34.0 66.0 159 522 38.7 61.3 WEST VIRGINIA 30 436 44.1 55.9 33 707 42.9 57.1 38 084 43.3 56.7 WISCONSIN 192 989 32.8 67.2 203 598 33.5 66.5 219 802 32.1 67.9 WYOMING . 9 965 45.2 54.8 11 608 45.4 54.6 12 561 45.7 54.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE 

Table 1. Percent distribution of total criminal justice expenditure from own sources of State and local governments, 

by State-: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

1974 1975 1976 

Total Percent expended by-- Total Percent expended by-- Total Percent expended by--

State 5 tate-loea 1 State-local State-local 

expenditure State Local expenditure State Local cxpenditurc Stnte Local 

33 

from own government governments 1 from own government govern men ts l from own governments 1 sources 1 sources I sourcesl government 

STATE-LOCAL, TOTAL. 11 900 140 31.3 68.7 13 599 116 32.2 67.8 15 091 002 33.7 66.3 

ALABAMA 107 500 35.0 65.0 119 531 37.4 62.6 138 560 37.7 62.3 

ALASKA. 45 1

'

19 82.9 17.1 64 741 82.9 17.1 72 119 78.8 21.2 

ARIZONA • 1'35 615 32.0 68.0 177 083 31.1 68.9 215 579 27.2 72.8 

ARKANSAS. 113 981 45.11 54.6 58 813 £15.0 54.5 62 161 46.0 54.0 

CALIFORNIA. 1 826 838 26.6 73.4 2 094 267 27.0 73.0 2 307 104 28.3 71.7 

COLORADO. DO 100 40.3 59.7 162 679 40.3 59.7 186 970 38.0 62.0 

CONNECTICUT 167 527 49.6 50.4 187 934 53.6 '16.4 186 021 50.1 49.9 

DELAWARE. 33 706 72.1 27.9 38 181 76.3 23.7 '1'1 015 77.9 22.1 

DISTRICT OF COLUI-IBIA. 171 601 - 100.0 193 176 - 100.0 191 961 - 100.0 

)J,ORIDA 480 707 35.1 64.9 557 781 37.2 62.8 675 457 37.7 62.3 

GEORGIA. 211 825 37.2 62.8 239 117 35.2 64.8 265 728 35.3 64.7 

HAWAII. 52 753 30.8 69.2 55 101 31.8 68.2 72 935 43.1 56.9 

IDAHO 29 133 45.0 55.0 34 761 40.4 59.6 41 893 43.4 56.6 

ILLINOIS. 669 479 26.3 73.7 698 387 26.4 73.6 887 609 29.7 70.3 

INDIANA 179 599 35.1 64.9 201 958 35.9 6'1.1 228 207 39.6 60.4 

IOWA. . 90 339 34.9 65.1 110 075 37.6 62.'1 129 736 38.9 61.1 

KANSAS. 92 211 44.7 55.3 110 617 45.6 54.£1 130 643 45.9 5LJ.l 

KENTUCKY. 100 963 43.5 56.5 126 357 44.6 55.4 134 591 51.2 48.8 

LOUISIANA 176 375 36.2 63.8 191 2'10 35.3 64.7 251 141 39.2 60.8 

MAINE. 37 202 53.3 46.7 39 658 53.3 '16.7 42 470 54.6 45.lj 

MARYLAND. .- 280 901 54.5 45.5 311 420 53.6 46.4 350 058 62.0 38.0 

MASSACHUSETTS 355 088 29.3 70.7 412 339 29.5 70.5 429 642 27.3 72.7 

MICHIGAN. 546 413 23.7 76.3 610 330 26.3 73.7 652 682 28.2 71.8 

MINNESOTA. 159 920 28.2 71.8 181 762 25.9 74.1 204 790 29.3 70.7 

MISSISSIPPI 64 708 45.6 5'1.4 77 836 46.5 53.5 88 154 46.6 53.4 

MISSOURI. 210 607 25.3 711.7 237 770 25.'1 74.6 248 255 28.3 71.7 

MONTANA • 28 431 41.8 58.2 32 749 38.1 61.9 40 660 42.4 57.6 

NEBRASKA. 55 426 36.3 63.7 69 170 38.1 61.9 77 393 39.4 60.6 

NEVADA. 54 34q 26.6 73.4 70 156 29.0 71.0 73 8LJII 29.1 70.9 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 27 170 36.5 63.5 33 109 37.3 62.7 37 514 36.6 63.4 

NEW JERSEY. 493 2811 27.4 72.6 589 283 26.8 73.2 618 437 24.1 75.9 

NEW MEl< lCO. 47 528 47.8 52.2 54 551 49.0 51.0 63 778 52.0 48.0 

NEW YORK. 1 786 995 20.8 79.2 1 979 499 23.6 76.4 I 985 249 25.8 74.2 

NORTH CAROLINA. 221 599 56.9 43.1 261 940 56.9 43.1 278 881 59.9 40.1 

NORTH DAKOTA. 17 722 34.3 65.7 20 125 32.9 67.1 23 781 31.7 68.3 

DHIO. 450 540 32.7 67.3 520 997 33.3 66.7 647 757 30.5 69.5 

DKLAHOMA. 85 936 40.0 60.0 98 142 38.9 61.1 118 528 39.7 60.3 

OREGON. 122 579 38.5 61.5 lij5 186 35.7 64.3 167 540 37.9 62.1 

PENNSYLVANIA. 597 843 32.2 67.8 657 809 31.9 68.1 720 549 34.7 65.3 

RHODE ISLAND. 42 939 55.8 44.2 1 712 54.5 45.5 49 836 65.7 34.3 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 95 510 47.1 52.9 124 445 49.2 50.8 128 554 51.9 48.1 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 20 556 '13.3 56.7 25 391 43.2 56.8 34 924 4!'}.3 54.7 

TENNESSEE:- • 157 831 32.5 67.5 190 956 34.2 65.8 205 865 37.0 63.0 

TEXAS 442 588 28.1 71.9 530 134 28.6 71.4 ~33 959 30.2 69.8 

UTAH. 39 750 47.8 52.2 48 668 46.9 53.1 58 832 47.7 52.3 

VERMONT 22 817 74.8 25.2 2023"1 74.3 25.7 23 305 74.0 26.0 

VIRGINIA. 220 358 47.6 52.4 273 807 50.6 49.4 305 403 50.6 49.4 

WASHINGTON. 188 7911 37.4 62.6 210 132 37.9 62.1 221 359 37.2 62.8 

\VEST VIRGINIA 46 929 47.4 52.6 54 338 45.3 54.7 62 686 48.5 51.5 

WISCONS IN 212 194 36.3 63.7 224 591 33.4 66.6 251 728 32.1 67.9 

WYOMING 15 232 46.2 53.8 17 069 44.5 55.5 22 159 44.3 55.7 

See footnotes at end of table. 
34 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 1. Percent distribution of total criminal justice expenditure from own sources of State and local governments, 

by State: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

1977 1978 - 1979 

Total Percent expended by-- Total Percellt expended by-- Total Pe reen t expcl1dcd by--

State Stu te-loca 1 S ta te-locn 1 Sta tc-loca 1 

expend i ture State Local expenditure State Local expenditure State Local from own government governments l from own government governments I from OWIl governmcn t.s 1 sources 1 sources i sources I government 

STATE-LOCAL, TOTAL. 16 340 106 34.3 65.7 18 436 656 35.5 64.5 20 118 075 36.9 63.1 

ALABAMA 140 894 32.7 67.3 187 919 39.6 60.4 211 192 44.9 55.1 

ALASKA. 81 734 77.4 22.6 89 513 75.1 24.9 101 304 73.9 26.1 

ARIZONA 225 572 29.1 70.9 247 369 :H.5 68.~ 296 096 33.2 66.8 

ARKANSAS. 72 494 47.9 52.1 81 315 50.8 49.2 91 89~ 46.1 53.9 

CALifORNIA. 2 547 326 26.7 73.3 2 674 472 26.'1 73.6 2 805 669 27.4 72.6 

COLORADO. 236 376 38.5 61.5 251 639 44.1 55.9 267 309 '12.3 57.7 

CONNECTICUT 204 820 51.5 '18.5 220 866 52.0 48.0 257 374 50.2 49.8 

DELAWARE. 49 713 81.0 19.0 53 189 75.5 2It.S 64 893 73.3 26.7 

DISTRICT Of COLUMB IA. 173 963 - 100.0 194 194 - 100.0 199 327 - 100.0 

fLORIDA 742 776 39.0 61.0 784 400 36.0 64.0 904 678 38.8 61.2 

GEORGIA 318 I'll 40.4 59.6 352 109 43.4 56.6 358 913 40.7 59.3 HAWAII. 69 438 41.7 58.3 80 273 49.1 50.9 86 992 49.4 50.6 

IDAHO 47 600 43.6 56.'1 54 786 44.7 55.3 61 145 qb.6 54.4 ILLINOIS. 921 084 25.4 74.6 1 056 339 2'1.8 75.2 1 III 582 28.6 71.4 

INDlANA 266 822 32.6 67.4 274 398 37.1 62.9 301 892 38.0 62.0 

IOWA. 142 772 3q.~ 65.5 163 206 42.4 57.6 189 700 40.2 59.8 KANSAS. 146 082 46.4 53.6 143 273 43.0 56.5 160 033 '11.1 08.9 KENTUCKY. 181 496 54.0 46.0 186 297 65.2 34.8 238 569 68.4 31.6 LOUISIANA 278 663 38.5 61.5 303 312 38.3 61.7 339 737 42.5 57.5 

MAINE. 45 OB5 53.4 '16.6 '19 764 55. il 44.6 56 094 58.4 41.6 

MARYLAND. 382 783 62.3 37.7 '115 651 61.5 38.5 462 807 61.0 39.0 

MASSACHUSETTS 47'1 907 27.0 72.5 523 016 30.9 69.1 552 427 '14.9 55.1 

MICHIGAN. 732 111 30.1 69.9 852 03'1 3:;.4 64.6 90B 473 37.2 62.8 

MINNESOTA. 238 830 33.9 66.1 262 9~2 31.8 68.2 315 567 36.5 63.5 

MISSISSIPPI 95 532 41.8 58.2 99 851 43.4 56.6 107 712 45.7 54.3 

MISSOURI. 2B2 805 28.2 71.8 299 783 30.4 69.6 325 2114 25.9 74.1 

MONTANA. 44 650 41.6 5B.4 47 9.35 39.'1 60.6 54 320 '12.1 57.9 

NEBRASKA. B7 043 42.7 57.3 96 177 4!>ol 04.9 113 430 40.6 59.4 

NEVADA. 90 065 34.1 65.9 101 650 35.0 65.0 109 147 28.:; 71.5 NEW HAMPSHIRE 42 213 32.0 68.0 49 764 37.8 62.2 54 834 36.2 63.8 

NEW JERSEY. 655 017 28.0 72.0 712 551 27.2 72.8 781 786 27.9 72.1 NEW MEXICO. 67 906 59.0 41. 0 93 807 54.1 45.9 105 493 53.8 46.2 

NEW YORK. 2 001 344 27.8 72.2 2 1192 720 30.0 70.0 2 751 III 34.7 65.3 

NORTH CAROLINA. :O!= 141 60.6 39.4 345 672 58.5 41.5 357 832 56.2 '13.8 NORTH DAKOTA. 28 100 34.6 65.4 30 767 38.1 61.9 35 698 33.8 66.2 

OHIO. 633 043 28.2 71.8 760 354 33.0 67.0 700 556 28.3 71.7 

OKLAHOMA. 153 719 48.2 51.8 187 778 :;2.7 47.3 191 53B 118.2 51.8 OREGON. 180 339 41.6 58.4 210 917 41.0 59.0 254 801 40.8 59.2 PENNSYLVANIA. 758 389 3 ll.5 65.5 843 922 36.3 63.7 907 040 32.0 68.0 RHODE ISLAND. 54 807 60.4 39.6 69 936 65.6 34.4 75 524 63.8 36.2 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 131 049 49.6 50.4 149 976 53.8 46.2 175 963 53.5 46.5 SOUTH DAKOTA. 33 45B 47.7 52.3 36 127 q.3.!.J 56.5 39 763 50.7 49.3 TENNESSEE 237 717 40.3 59.7 302 029 37.3 62.7 315 693 39.2 60.8 TEXAS 676 388 30.2 69.8 781 294 30.2 69.8 8B6 797 28.6 71.4 UTAH. 65 006 47.3 52.7 98 440 46.9 53.1 102 937 47.8 52.2 

VERr10NT 25 709 73.3 26.7 29 667 77.9 22.1 36 852 78.7 21.3 VIRGINIA. 338 774 53.8 46.2 384 056 55.2 44.8 431 974 56.9 43.1 

WASHINGTON. 247 269 41.6 58.4 268 208 39.6 60.4 315 222 41.3 58.7 

WEST VIRGINIA 72 947 55.3 44.2 80 661 54.5 45.5 91 089 54.2 45.8 WISCONSIN 275 675 32.7 67.3 315 926 33.1 66.9 353 063 34.2 65.8 

WYOMING 34 019 42.0 56.0 44 400 55.7 44.3 48 991 47.1 52.9 

~ Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

1Local governments data are estimates subject t.o sampling variationj see text for data limitations. 
Section II. CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM SUMMARY DATA 
36 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 2. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justice system for all governments: fiscal years 1971-1~79 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

~ ________________________ Activity +-____ 1971 I 1972 1973 1974 I 1975 I 1976 1977 1978 1979 ~L-____ ~ ______ -L ______ ~ ____ --L 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM' • 

01 RECT EXPENDITURE • • • • • •• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' • 

POLICE PROTECTION'. 

01 RECT EXPENDI TURE 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE ' 

JUDICIAL '. DIRECT EXPENDITURE •••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION '. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE • • • • • •• 

I NTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE ' • 

PUBLIC DEFENSE'. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE •••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

CORRECTIONS' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE •••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE'. 

DI RECT EXPENDITURE •••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

POLICE PROTECTION' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

JUDICIAL' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE: 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION '. 

DI RECT EXPENDITURE •••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

PUBLIC DEFENSE '. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE •••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

CORRECTIONS' 

01 RECT EXPENDITURE 

I NTERGOVE RNMENTAL EXPEND I TURE 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE'. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE' 

AMOUNT 

10 517 083 rll 7q7 785 

10 517 083 r11 7q7 785 

13 006 721 

13 006 721 

lq 8q2 053 lq 8q2 053 17 .~48 860 

17 248 860 

19 681 409 21 573 756 19 681 409 21 573 756 

2q 131 995 

2q 131 995 26 028 088 

26 028 088 

6 903 30q 6 903 30q 8 511 676 8 511 676 

9 786 162 

9 786 162 

11 028 244 11 864 875 

11 02B 244 11 864 875 

13 120 193 

13 120 193 

13 916 996 

13 916 996 

1 358 282 1 358 282 

1 q90 6q9 

1 1190 6q9 1 579 q57 

1- 579 457 

491 326 580 381 663 810 

491 326 580 381 663 810 

128 5q7 167 630 206 705 

128 547 167 630 206 705 

2 291 073 r2 438 314 2 740 208 

2 291 073 r2 438 314 2 740 208 

1971 

to 

1972 

82 937 167 508 192 363 

82 937 167 508 192 363 

1972 

to 

1973 

1973 

to 

1974 

197/, 

to 

1975 

1 79B 153 2 067 664 2 428 472 2 638 251 3 067 221 1 798 153 2 067 664 2 428 q72 2 638 251 3 067 221 

770 762 933 126 1 Oq7 929 1 225 3qq 1 q59 859 

770 762 933 126 1 Oq7 929 1 225 3qq 1 q59 85'l 

2qq 593 280 270 331 102 q03 754 523 735 

2q4 593 280 270 331 102 403 75q 523 735 

;3 240 396 3 M3 313 q 385 512 4 93q 067 5 522 711 

3 240 396 3 843 313 4 385 512 II 93q 067 5 522 711 

276 473 338 325 q60 150 507 q65 438 276 

276 473 338 325 q60 150 507 465 438 276 

1975 

to 

1976 

1976 

to 

1977 

I 1977 

to 

1978 

1978 

to 

1979 

1971 

to 

1975 

1975 

to 

1979 

3 381 013 3381013. 

1 650 138 

1 650 138 

597 262 

597 262 

6 039 821 

6 039 821 

442 858 qq2 858 

1971 

to 

1979 

PERCENT WCRE,\SE OR DECREASE (- J 

11. 7 

11.7 

12.0 

12.0 

9.7 

'l.7 

18.1 

18.1 

30.4 

30.4 

6.q 

6. q 

102.0 

102.0 

10.7 

10.7 

10.4 

10. q 

6.0 

6.1l 

lq.4 

lq. q 

23.3 

23.3 

12.4 

12.4 

14.8 

14.8 

lq.l 

lq.l 

11. 6 11.6 

13.8 

13.R 

16.1 

16.1 

16.3 

18.3 

18.3 

18.3 

q3.7 

q3.7 

16.2 

16.2 

15.0 

15.0 

15.0 

15.0 

21.1 

21. 1 

14.6 

14.6 

18.6 

18.6 

22.4 

22.Q 

14.1 

14.1 

12.7 

12.7 

17.5 

17.5 

12.3 

12.3 

18.1 

18.1 

lQ .1 

14.1 

36.0 

36.0 

9.6 

9.6 

7.6 

7.6 

8.6 

1l.6 

16.9 

16.9 

21.9 

21.9 

12.5 

12.5 

10.3 

10.3 

11.9 

11.<) 

10.6 

10.6 

16.3 

1( •• ? 

19.1 

19.1 

29.7 

29.7 

11.9 

11.9 

-13.6 

-13.6 

7.9 

7.9 

6.1 

6.1 

10.2 

10.2 

13.0 

13.0 

lQ.O 

lQ.O 

9.Q 

9.Q 

1.0 

1.0 

6Q.0 

64.0 

58.7 

58.7 

52.3 

52.3 

89.9 

89.9 

118.0 

118.0 

67.8 

67.8 

307.9 

307.9 

50.9 

50.9 

Q2.2 

Q2.2 

63.5 

63.5 

76.8 

76.8 

113.1 

113.1 

57.2 

57.2 

30.9 

30.9 

125.7 

125.7 

lQa.9 

lQ8.9 

235.9 

235.9 

163.6 

163.6 

Note: Local governments data arc estimates subject: to sampling vadntiooj sec text for data limitations . 

.. Represents zero or rounds to zero. rRevised. 

lThe total line for each sector I and for the t.otnl criminal Just.ice system, excludes duplicative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was done to avoid the artificial 

~~ fi~~!~~o~~!~~e~~~id e~::~~~ t~~e:n a;~ t:~~:~e~:~e~~:l s:~~c~:!~~~~ amount: were tabu lated and then counted a~ain when the t'ccip ien t government (5) u 1 t imn en iy expend( 5) thn t amoun t. 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 37 

Table 3. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal justice system for all governments: 

Activity October 

1971 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 929 473 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 836 007 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 861 776 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 714 873 

POLlCE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 575 514 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 515 691 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 528 594 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 445 289 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 117 554 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 100 491 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 107 129 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 88 698 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 44 620 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 36 888 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 39 725 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 37 922 

PUBLIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 4 018 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 3 154 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 3 510 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 3 439 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 184 819 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 176 958 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 179 961 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • x' 136 810 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 2 948 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 2 825 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 2 857 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 2 715 

October 

1971 to 

October 

1972 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 5.0 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 4.5 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 4.2 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 12.6 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 3.7 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 3.9 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 3.6 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 12.6 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 7.2 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 4.6 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 4.3 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 10.1 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 13.3 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 9.6 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 10.2 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 15.B 

pUeLIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 23.2 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 20.6 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 18.4 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 27.0 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 3.8 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 3.6 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES •• 3.2 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 11. 3 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES • 90.5 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 86.1 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 86.4 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 92.8 

October 1971·0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

October October October 

1972 1973 1974 

975 531 1 024 116 1 093 609 1 

·873 613 916 183 980 230 1 

898 305 945 309 1 011 205 1 

804 741 912 176 1 043 104 1 

596 663 623 603 653 580 

535 688 561 646 594 209 

547 555 575 142 607 913 

501 277 570 871 645 612 

125 970 130 526 141 094 

105 140 107 712 116 597 

111 686 115 490 125 129 

97 634 107 916 124 817 

50 570 54 781 58 582 

40 433 43 067 47 374 

43 789 47 304 52 219 

43929 50 978 59 585 

4 951 5 987 6 b87 

3 804 4 765 5 655 

4 156 5 178 6 119 

4 367 5 728 7 201 

I'll 760 203 101 226 794 

183 290 193 172 209 906 

185 793 196 279 213 197 

152 299 170 405 198 462 

5 617 6 118 6 872 

5 258 5 821 6 489 

5 326 5 916 6 26B 

5 235 r, 278 7 427 

Dc taber October October October 

1972 to 1973 to 1974 to 1975 to 

October October October October 

1973 1974 1975 1976 

October October 

1975 1976 

128 569 1 148 262 

024 505 1 049 750 

050 503 1 079 892 

158 872 1 277 120 

669 518 670 724 

612 321 617 132 

625 045 628 347 

708 888 772 867 

151 534 151 074 

127 940 127 736 

131 988 137 451 

141 122 154 466 

61 LI03 64 860 

50 323 54 473 

55 364 59 306 

67 695 77 140 

6 647 7 623 

6 021 6 '/35 

6 357 7 255 

8 213 9 821 

232 009 246 376 

220 952 235 625 

224 520 2.39 520 

224 635 252 890 

7 458 8 451 

6 948 B 049 

7 229 8 240 

8 319 9 935 

October Octabet 

1976 to 1977 to 

October October 

1977 1978 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE (-I 

5.0 6.8 3.2 1.7 4.3 2. ~ 

4.9 7.0 4.5 2.5 4.8 2.4 

5.2 7.0 3.9 2.8 4.8 2.3 

13.4 14.4 11. 1 10.2 11.7 7.0 

q.5 4.8 2.4 .2 2.3 1.7 

4.8 5.8 3.0 .8 2.6 1.5 

5.0 5.7 2.8 .5 2.7 1.7 

13.9 13.'1 9.8 9.0 9.5 6.0 

3.6 8.1 7.4 -.3 7.B .2 

2.4 8.2 9.7 -.2 10.2 -.5 

3.4 B.3 5.5 4.1 9.5 -.B 

10.5 15.7 13.1 9.5 15.B Q.5 

. 8.3 6.9 4.8 5.6 5.3 11.2 

6.5 10.0 6.2 B.2 8.9 10.4 

8.0 10.4 6.0 7.1 7.7 8.4 

16.0 16.9 13.6 14.0 16.3 12.9 

20.9 11.7 -.6 lQ.7 11. 0 3.0 

25.3 18.7 6.5 11.9 10.0 7.7 

24.6 18.2 3.9 14.1 11.7 2.5 

31.2 25.7 14.1 19.6 24.4 3.0 

5.9 11.7 2.3 6.2 6.6 4.1 

5.4 8.7 5.3 6.6 6.4 4.2 

5.6 B.6 5.3 6.6 5.7 Q.9 

11.9 16.5 13.2 12.6 13.9 10.3 

8.9 12.3 8.5 13.3 13.9 2.2 

10.7 11.5 7.1 15.8 11.7 -2.3 

11. 1 12.0 9.1 14.0 11.7 -1.8 

19.9 18.3 12.0 19.4 19.4 -1.5 

Note: Local governments data are estimates subject to sampling variationj see text for data limitations. 

Octaher October October 

1977 1978 1979 

1 197 777 1 228 928 1 252 229 

1 100 098 1 125 974 1 150 512 

1 131 780 1 157 436 1 178 011 

1 426 801 1 527 082 1 697 013 

685 881 697 726 701 053 

632 928 642 306 644 077 

645 015 656 171 653 581 

846 147 897 010 975 752 

162 900 163 264 169 235 

140 737 140 080 146 141 

150 546 149 290 156 361 

178 918 186 990 214 471 

68 327 75 950 78 100 

59 302 65 475 69 620 

63902 69 247 73 169 

89 734 101 288 114 634 

8 462 8 715 9 244 

7 lUI 7 981 8 4LILI 

8 104 8 303 8 817 

12 219 12 586 ILl 758 

262 585 273 440 285 139 

250 732 261 347 273 371 

253 008 265 384 277 013 

287 924 317 529 365 058 

9 622 9 833 9 458 

8 988 8 785 8 059 

9 206 9 041 9 070 

11 859 11 679 12 341 

October October October Dcrober 

1978 to 1971 to 1975 to 1971 t.o 

October October Clctaber October 

1979 1975 1979 1979 

1.9 21.q 11.0 34.7 

2.2 22.5 12.3 37.6 

1.8 21.9 12.1 36.7 

11. 1 62.1 46.4 137.4 

.5 16.3 4.7 21.8 

.3 lB.7 5.2 24.9 

.4 18.2 4.6 23.6 

8.8 59.2 37.6 119.1 

3.7 28.9 11.7 4Q.0 

4.3 27.3 14.2 45.4 

Q.7 23.2 IB.5 46.0 

14.7 59.1 52.0 lQ 1.8 

2.8 37.6 27.2 75.0 

6.3 36.4 38.3 8e.7 

5.7 39.4 32.2 84.2 

13.2 78.5 69.3 202.3 

6.1 65.4 39.1 130.1 

5.8 90.9 40.2 167.7 

6.2 81.1 38.7 151.2 

17.3 138.8 79.7 329.1 

4.3 25.5 22.9 54.3 

4.6 24.9 23.7 54.5 

4.4 24.8 23.4 53.9 

15.0 6Q.2 62.5 166.8 

-4.0 153.0 26.8 220.8 

.8 145.9 27.5 213.6 

.3 153.0 25.5 217.5 

5.7 206.4 48.3 354.5 
~----------------------------------------------------.--. 

38 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 4. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justice system for the Federal Government: 

fiscal years 1971·1979 

Activity 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXpENDITURE 

POLICE PROTECTION • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPtNDITURE 

JUDICIAL. . .. . OIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

PUBLIC DEfENSE. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ExpeNDITURE 

CORRECTIONS, 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDlTURE 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTER,)OVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

POLICE PROTECTION. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

JUDICIAL. ...... DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND 1 TURE 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

PUBLIC DEFENSE. 

DIRECT EXrENDITURE. 

lNTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 

CORRECTIONS • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNI4ENTAL EXPE:NDITURE 

OTHER CR;MINAL JUSTICE. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 

INTERGOVERNME:NTAL EXPE:NDITURE 

... Represents :taro or rounds to zero. 

X llot applicable. 

. 

"-------------~.---- -- .-~-. 

1971 

1 qq8 335 

1 21q 857 

233 q78 

804 514 

803 600 

91q 

134 020 

13/.\ 020 

- 88 748 

88 7qe 

- .,1 095 

61 095 

- 121 258 

110 801 

10 /.157 

238 700 

16 593 

222 107 

1971 

to 

1972 

29.6 

23.7 

60.1 

19.7 

19.7 

q.9 

33.6 

33.6 

-

20.6 

20.6 

-

31.3 

31.3 

- 20.8 

20.3 

26.q 

67.7 

lQq.9 

62.0 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 

- AMOUNT 

1 876 3q5 2 260 099 2 601 959 3 018 566 ) 322 073 

1 502 q63 1 650 881 1 859 113 2 187 875 2 1150 229 

373 882 609 218 7/.\2 846 830 691 871 aqq 

963 108 1 089 873 1 224 586 1 q61j 21.lq 1 615 71q 

962 149 1 088 854 1 221 510 1 q60 625 1 611 6/.10 

959 1 019 3 076 :I 619 I.l 074 

179 099 118 359 136 135 165 332 219 qq5 

179 099 118 359 136 135 165 332 219 /.\Q5 

- - - - - 107 071 123 49/.\ 117 798 177 275 1/.\9 402 

107 071 123 q9q 117 798 177 275 1q9 /.102 

- - - - - 80 237 90 436 91 629 87 017 103 718 

80 237 90 436 91 629 87 017 103 718 

- - - - - lq6 ~91 189 096 237 300 243 113 285 973 

133 272 170 854 214 529 216 778 256 352 

13 2i9 18 2~2 22 771 26 335 29 621 

qOO 339 648 8~1 79~ 511 881 585 947 821 

40 635 58 884 77 512 80 8q8 109 672 

359 704 589 957 716 999 800 737 638 149 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 

to to to to to to 

1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE 1- ) 

20.5 15.1 16.0 10.1 8.4 6.5 

9.9 12.6 17.7 12.0 13.4 12. q 

62.9 21.9 11.8 5.0 5.6 -13.~ 

13.2 12.~ 19.6 10.3 9.7 10.6 

13.2 12.2 19.6 10.3 9.5 10.6 

6.3 201.9 17.7 12.6 59.6 15.6 

-33,9 15.0 21.q 32.7 32.0 11. 0 

-33.9 15.0 21.~ 32.7 32.0 11.0 

- - - - - - 15.3 -q.6 50.5 -15.7 24.2 18.6 

15.3 -~.6 50.5 -15.7 24.2 16.1 

- - - - - - 12.7 1.3 -5.0 19.2 35.4 48.8 

12.7 1.3 -5.0 19.2 35.4 48.8 

- - - - - - 29.1 25.5 2.4 17.6 18.3 11. 1 

2B.2 25.6 1.0 18.3 16.5 12.9 

38.0 24.8 15.7 12.5 34.0 -2.7 

62.1 22.5 11.0 7.5 -7.6 -14.5 

Q/.l.9 31.6 Q.3 35.7 -9.8 -11.6 

64.0 21.5 11. 7 Q,7 -7.3 -IQ.8 

1977 1978 

3 601 6q7 3 83q 607 

2778710 3 122 290 

B22 937 n2 317 

1 771 922 1 959 305 

1 765 420 1 951 786 

6 502 7 519 

289 626 321 373 

289 626 321 373 

- - 185 60'1 220 058 

185 604 215 525 

- q 533 

lqo /.\52 209 060 

1~0 ~52 209 060 

- - 338 qOO 375 802 

298 718 337 174 

39 682 3B 628 

675 6~3 7119 009 

98 890 87 372 

776 753 661 637 

1976 1971 1975 

to to to 

1979 1975 1979 

6.0 108.4 34.7 

8.2 80.1 5/.1. q 

-3.5 255.8 -17. ~ 

5.1 82.5 qO.6 

5.2 81.8 40.5 

-13.8 296.0 79.1 

15.0 23.4 123.5 

15.0 23.q 123.5 

- - - 25.5 99.8 55.8 

23.5 99.8 50.1 

120.6 - (X) 

1/.1.9 42.4 176.1 

14.9 42.4 176.1 

- - - q.6 100.5 61.7 

5.0 95~ 6 63.3 

1. /.I 151,8 48.7 

-2.8 26,),3 -17 .4 

10. Q 387.2 19.3 

-Q.5 260.5 -21.1 

1979 

q 066 18q 

3 378 921 

687 263 

2 059 126 

2 052 645 

6 481 

369 509 

369 509 

- 276 156 

266 156 

10 000 

2qO 232 

2 0 0 232 

- 393 132 

~53 961 

39 171 

728 029 

96 q18 

631 611 

1971 

to 

1979 

lBO.7 

178.1 

19q.4 

155.9 

155.4 

609.1 

175.7 

175.7 

- 211.2 

199.9 

IX) 

293.2 

21').5 

27q.6 

224.2 

219.5 

274.6 

205.0 

481.1 

18Q.4 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 39 

Table 5. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal justice system for the Federal Government: 

Activity 

TOTAL CRIMINAL .JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-Tl~IE EMPLOYEES . " FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

POLlCE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EI1PLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

0r.T08ER PAYROLL 

JUDIC IAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES · ...... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPI.OYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

PU8L1C DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMpLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES ........... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTiCe: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES ............ FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEI1S: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES • 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES • • 

FULL-TIME 'EMPLOYEES · ..... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

PU8LIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EI1PLOYEES 

FULL,-TlME EMPLOYEES · .. FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 

CORRE~TlONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMpLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES • 

FULL-TIME EflPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

October 1971-0ctober 1971-0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

October October October October Oct.ober 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 

78 133 86 733 88 560 95 252 97 623 

77 118 84 702 86 739 93 234 90 1165 

77 523 85 222 87 139 93 755 96 136 

83 457 100 367 113 552 130 802 145 110 

56 972 62 126 64 880 69 420 70 087 

56 199 61 117 63 786 68 257 68 924 

56 528 61 393 63 996 68 504 69 196 

59 231 70 777 82 367 94 705 102 289 

7 487 8 837 6 360 6 804 7 351 

7 389 8 404 6 254 6 700 7 238 

7 421 8 517 6 277 6 734 7 278 

8 748 10 935 9 319 10 517 13 118 

5 644 6 249 6 6119 7 091 7 323 

5 635 5 9114 6 333 6 749 6 992 

5 638 6 015 6 395 6 845 7 099 

6 842 7 619 9 022 10 1122 11 270 

52 88 109 154 185 

52 88 109 154 185 

52 88 109 154 185 

87 100 153 222 315 

7 223 8 019 9 076 10 126 10 894 

7 103 7 895 8 897 9 893 10 647 

7 140 7 929 8 969 9 967 10 707 

7 692 9 396 10 885 12 885 15 693 

755 1 414 1 486 1 657 1 783 

740 1 254 1 360 1 481 1 479 

744 1 280 1 393 1 551 1 671 

~57 1 540 1 804 2 051 2 425 

Octob!')):, October October October October October 

1971 to 1972 to 1973 to 1974 to 1975 to 1976 to 

October October October October October October 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 

October 

1976 

100 771 

99 016 

99 553 

153 726 

72 301 

71 207 

71 421 

113 497 

7 578 

7 473 

7 531 

13 733 

7 008 

6 821 

6 928 

12 427 

219 

219 

219 

407 

11 869 

11 634 

11 717 

16 938 

1 796 

1 662 

1 737 

2 724 

October 

1977 to 

October 

1976 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE (-I 

11. 0 2.1 7.6 2.5 3.2 .8 3.8 

9.8 2.4 7.5 2.4 3.7 .5 3.3 

9.9 2.2 7.6 2.5 3.6 .5 3.6 

20.3 13.1 15.2 10.9 5.9 10.6 8.4 

9.0 4.4 7.0 1.0 3.2 .2 3.8 

8.8 4.4 7.0 1.0 3.3 -.1 3.4 

8.6 4.2 7.0 1.0 3.2 (ZI 3.6 

19.5 16.4 15.0 8.0 11. a 7.8 4.7 

18.0 -28.0 7.0 8.0 3.1 8.4 1.3 

13.7 -25..6 7.1 8.0 3.2 8.8 1.2 

14.8 -26,:- 7.3 8.1 3.5 8.4 1.5 

25.0 -lQ.8 12.9 24.7 4.7 11.9 13.7 

10.7 6.4 6.6 3.3 -4.3 2.0 9.3 

5.5 6.5 6.6 3.6 -2.4 .6 6.7 

6.7 6.3 7.0 3.7 -2.4 (ZI 9.1 

11.4 18.4 15.5 8.1 10.3 4.2 15.3 

69.2 23.9 41. 3 20.1 18.4 ,5.0 15.2 

69.2 23.9 41.3 20.1 18.4 5.0 15.2 

69.2 23.9 41.3 20.1 18.4 5.0 15.2 

14.9 53.0 45.1 41.9 29.2 15, .. 12.2 

11.0 13.2 11. 6 7.6 8.9 .1 1.5 

11.2 12.7 11.2 7.6 9.3 -.1 1.5 

11.1 13.1 11.1 7.4 9.4 .4 1.3 

22.2 15.9 18.4 21.8 7.9 -3.9 23.9 

87.3 5.1 11.5 7.6 .7 -9.6 7.3 

69.5 8.5 8.9 -.1 12.4 -9.9 3.1 

72.0 8.8 11. 3 7.7 3.9 -9.6 5.4 

79.7 17.1 13.7 18.2 12.3 -6.0 14. a 

Z Less than one-half the unit of measurement shown. 

October October October 

1977 1976 1979 

101 547 105 376 105 879 

99 479 102 722 102 070 

100 088 103 678 102 914 

170 0011 184 202 203 418 

72 Ll55 75 455 75 1180 

71 130 73 559 72 754 

71 433 73 993 73 133 

122 380 128 182 135 992 

8 216 8 321 8 153 

8 131 8 229 8 051 

8 165 8 289 8 084 

15 363 17 1174 19 470 

7 147 7 811 8 033 

6 8611 7 325 7 575 

6 930 7 558 7 822 

12 954 14 940 15 996 

230 265 251 

230 265 251 

230 265 251 

468 525 587 

11 875 12 055 12 327 

11 626 11 800 12 067 

11 760 11 918 12 145 

16 279 20 162 28 386 

1 624 1 742 1 635 

1 498 1 544 1 372 

1 570 1 655 1 479 

2 560 2 919 2 987 

October October October October 

1978 to 1971 to 1975 to 1971 to 

October October October October 

1979 1975 1979 1979 

.5 24.9 8.5 35.5 

-.6 23.8 6.9 32.Q 

-.7 24.0 7.1 32.8 

10.4 73.9 40.2 143.7 

.4 23.0 7.7 32.5 

-1. 1 22.6 5.6 29.5 

-1. 2 22.4 5.7 29.4 

6.1 72.7 32.9 129.6 

-2.0 -1.8 10.9 13.9 

-2.2 -2.0 11.2 9.0 

-2.5 -1.9 11.1 8.9 

11. 4 50.0 48.4 122.6 

2.8 29.7 9.7 42.3 

3.Q 24.1 8.3 34.4 

3.5 25.9 10.2 38.7 

7.1 64 • ., 41.9 133.8 

-5.3 255.8 35.7 382.7 

-5.3 255.8 35.7 382.7 

-5.3 255.8 35.7 382.7 

11.8 262.1 86.3 574.7 

2.3 50.8 13.2 70.7 

2.3 49.9 13.3 69.9 

1.9 50,0 13.4 70.1 

40.8 4.0 80.9 269,0 

-6.1 136.2 -8.3 116.6 

-11.1 99.9 -7.2 85.4 

-10.6 124.6 -13.0 98.8 

2.3 183.0 23.2 248.5 
40 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 6. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justice system for State and local governments: 

fiscal years 1971-1979 

Activity 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE'. 

POLICE PROTECTION'. 

~~~~~~O~~~~~~~~~EEXPENDiTURC': 

JUDICIAL! • • • • • • • •• • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXP END ITURE'. 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION' 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE '. 

PUBLIC 0 EFENS E' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE'. 

CORRECTIONS'. • • • • •• 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. • • • • •• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE'. 

OTHEH CRIMINAL JUSTICE' 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE'. 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE'. 

POLICE PROTECTION'. 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE'. 

JUDICIAL' • • • • • •• •• 

DIRECT EXP END ITURE. • • • • • • 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE'. 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION' • 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE'. 

PUBLIC DEFENSE' 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE '. 

CORRECT IONS'. 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE ••••••• 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE'. 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE' 

o lRECT EXPEND ITURE. • • • • • • 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE'. 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

1911 1972 1913 1914 1915 1976 1911 1918 1919 

AI~OUNT 

9 302 226 riO 245 322 

9 302 226 rIO 245 322 11 355 840 

11 355 840 

12 992 327 

12 992 327 

15 060 987 

15 060 987 

17232 769 

17 232 769 

18 795 046 18 795 046 21 009 705 21 009 705 22 649 166 22 649 166 

5 361 318 

5 361 31B 

402 578 

403 578 

5 941 155 6 535 324 7 290 166 8 325 537 9 416 755 10 099 455 11 168 407 11 864 351 

5 941 155 6 535 324 7 290 166 8 325 537 9 1116 755 10 099 455 11 168 407 11 864 351 

1 311 550 1 461 098 1 662 018 1 902 332 2 209 463 2 348 625 2 745 M8 3 011 504 1 311 550 1 461 098 1 662 018 1 902 332 2 209 463 2 348 625 2 745 848 3 011 504 

473 310 540 316 652 964 755 851 898 699 1 039 740 1 244 334 1 383 982 

473 310 540 316 652 964 755 851 898 699 1 039 740 1 224 334 1 383 982 

87 393 116 269 152 964 193 253 227 384 263 302 314 675 357 030 

87 393 116 269 152 964 193 253 227 384 263 302 314 675 357 030 

2 180 272 r 2 305 042 

2 180 272 r 2 305 042 2 569 354 2 569 354 3 025 867 3 025 867 3 626 535 

3 626 535 4 129 989 

4 129 989 

4 635 3119 II 635 349 5 185 537 

5 185 537 

5 685 859 

5 685 859 

1971 

to 

1972 

10.1 

10.1 

10.8 

10.8 

7.1 

7.1 

17.6 

17.6 

29.6 

29.6 

5.7 

5.7 

91.2 

91.2 

126 872 

126 872 

1912 

to 

1973 

10.8 

10.8 

10.0 

10.0 

33.0 

33.0 

11.5 

11.5 

1913 

to 

1914 

11.6 

11.6 

13.8 

13.8 

20.8 

20.8 

31.6 

31.6 

17.8 

17.8 

56.1 

56.1 

1914 

to 

1975 

15.9 

15.9 

15.8 

15.8 

26.3 

26.3 

19.9 

19.9 

23.6 

23.6 

208 350 208 350 

1915 

to 

1916 

1976 

to 

1911 

350 1178 

350 478 

1911 

'0 1978 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE (-J 

16.1 

16.1 

18.9 

18.9 

17.7 

17.7 

36.1 

36.1 

6.3 

6.3 

15.7 

15.7 

15.8 

15.8 

12.2 

12.2 

16.6 

16.6 

11.8 

11.8 

10.6 

10.6 

16.9 

16.9 

19.7 

19.7 

-14.1 

-1401 

408 576 

408 576 

1918 

to 

1979 

7.8 

7.8 

6.2 

6.2 

9.7 

9.7 

11. 2 

11.2 

9.6 

9.6 

-1.3 

-1.3 

1971 

'0 1975 

61.9 

61.9 

55.3 

55.3 

87.8 

87.8 

186.5 

186.5 

66.3 

66.3 

288.1 

288.1 

350 904 

350 904 

1975 

to 

1979 

58.3 

58.3 

8301 

83.1 

56.8 

56.8 

346 440 

346 440 

1911 

to 

1919 

143.5 

143.5 

121.3 

121.3 

160.8 

160.8 

Note: The local governments portion of State and local gover~~ments data are estimates subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitations. 

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. rRev1sed 

JThe total line for each sectorJ and for the total criminal Justice system, excludes duplicative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was done to avoid the artificial 

inflation which would result if an intergovernmental expenditure amount were tabulated and then count.ed again ,..hen the recipient government(s) ultimately expend(s) that amOunt. 

No intergovernm(>ntal eX?,enditures are shown for the same reason. 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 41 

Table 7. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal justice system for State and local governments: 

Activity October 

1971 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 851 340 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 758 889 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. . 7B4 250 

OCT08ER PAYROLL • 634 283 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 518 542 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 1/59 492 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 472 063 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 388 926 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 110 067 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 93 102 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 99 708 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 79 950 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOT AL EMPLOYEES • 38 976 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES • 31 253 

FULL-TIME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. 34 OB7 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 31 079 

PUBLIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 3 966 

FULL-T II1E EMPLOYEES · ..... 3 102 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. :3 45B 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 3 351 

CORRECT IONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 171 596 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES .. . .. 169 855 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 172 821 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 129 119 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EflPLOYEES 2 193 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 2 OB5 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 2 113 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 1 858 

October 

1971 to 

October 

1972 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 4.4 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES • 4.0 

FULL-TIME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. 3.1 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 11.1 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 3.1 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 3.3 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOXEES. 3.0 

OCT08ER PAYROLL 10.7 

JUD IC IAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 6.4 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES ........... 3.9 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 3.5 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 8.4 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 13.1 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES 10.4 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 10.8 

OCTOBER ~AYROLL . 16.8 

PUBLIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 22.6 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES · .......... 19.8 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 17.6 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 27.3 

CORRECT IONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 3.5 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES ............ 3.3 

FULL-T IME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 2.9 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • . 10.7 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES . 91.7 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES · . 92.0 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 91.5 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 98.9 

October 1971·0ctober 1979 

(~ollar amounts in thousands) 

October October October 

1972 1973 1974 

888 798 935 556 998 357 

788 911 829 444 886 996 

B13 OB3 B5B 15B 917 450 

701/ 377 798 624 912 303 

534 537 55B 723 581/ 160 

474 571 497 860 525 952 

486 162 511 146 539 1/09 

430 500 488 504 550 907 

117 133 124 166 131/ 290 

96 736 101 458 109 897 

103 169 109 213 118 395 

86 700 9B 597 114 300 

44 321 118 132 51 1191 

34 489 36 734 40 625 

)"1 774 40 909 45 371/ 

36 311 41 956 49 163 

4 863 5 878 6 533 

3 716 4 656 5 501 

4 068 5 069 5 965 

1/ 261 5 515 6 979 

183 741 194 025 216 668 

175 395 18'

1 275 200 013 

177 B611 187 298 203 230 

142 905 159 518 185 577 

4 203 4 632 5 215 

4 004 4 461 5 OOB 

4 046 4 523 5 077 

3 695 4 475 5 376 

Octoher October Octoher October 

1972 to 1973 to 1974 to 1975 to 

October October October October 

1973 1974 1975 1976 

October 

1975 

1 030 946 

929 040 

954 379 

1 013 762 

599 1/31 

543 397 

555 849 

606 599 

144 183 

120 702 

1211 712 

12B 004 

54 OBO 

43 331 

4B 265 

56 425 

6 462 

5 836 

6 172 

7 898 

221 115 

210 305 

213 B13 

20B 942 

5 675 

5 469 

5 55B 

5 893 

October 

1976 to 

Octoher 

1977 

October October October 

1976 1977 1978 

1 047 491 1 096 230 1 123 552 

950 767 1 000 619 1 023 252 

9BO 379 1 031 692 1 053 758 

1 117 355 1 256 797 1 342 880 

598 423 613 1/26 622 541/ 

545 925 561 798 568 747 

556 926 573 582 582 178 

659 370 723 767 768 828 

143 533 154 684 154 943 

120 296 132 606 131 851 

129 958 142 3Bl 141 001 

140 734 163 555 169 516 

56 969 61 IBO 6B 139 

47 652 52 43B 5B 150 

52 380 56 972 61 6B9 

61! 673 76 7BO B6 3119 

1 404 B 232 B 450 6 516 7 181 1 116 

7 036 7 874 8 03B 

9 414 11 151 12 062 

234 507 250 710 261 3B5 

223 991 239 106 249 547 

227 576 2113 24B 253 466 

235 952 271 645 297 367 

6 655 7 9913 8 091 

6 3B7 7 490 1 241 

6 503 7 636 7 386 

7 211 9 300 8 759 

October October October Octoher 

1977 to 1978 to 1971 to 1975 to 

October Octoher October October 

1978 1979 1975 1979 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE (-) 

5.3 6.7 3.3 1.6 4.7 2.5 2.0 21.1 11.2 

5.1 6.9 4.7 2.3 ·.J.2 2.3 2.5 22.4 12.9 

5.5 6.9 4.0 2.7 5.2 2.1 2.0 21.7 12.6 

13.4 14.2 11.1 10.2 12.5 6.8 !l.2 59.8 47.3 

4.5 4.6 2.6 -.2 2.5 1.5 .5 15.6 4.4 

4.9 4.6 3.3 .5 2.9 1.2 .5 18.3 5.1 

5.1 5.5 3.0 .2 3.0 1.5 -.3 17.1 4.4 

13.5 12.8 10.1 8.7 9.8 6.2 9.2 56.0 38.~ 

6.0 B.2 7.4 -.5 7.8 .2 4.0 31.0 11.7 

4.9 8.3 9.8 -.3 10.2 -.6 4.1 29.6 14.~ 

5.9 8.4 5.3 4.2 9.6 -1.0 5.2 25.1 18.9 

13.1 15.9 12.0 9.9 16.2 3.6 15.0 60.1 52.3 

B.6 7.0 5.0 5.3 7.4 11.4 2.8 38.8 29.5 

6.5 10.6 6.7 10.0 10.0 10.9 6.7 38.6 43.2 

8.3 10.9 6.4 8.5 8.8 8.3 5.9 41.6 35.4 

15.5 17.2 14.8 14.6 18.7 12.5 14.2 B1.6 74.8 

20.9 11.1 -1.1 14.6 11.2 2.6 6.4 62.9 39.2 

25.3 18.1 6.1 11.1 10.2 7.5 6.2 8B.1 40.3 

24.6 17.7 3.5 14.0 11.9 2.1 6.6 78.5 38.8 

30.7 25.2 13.2 19.2 24.8 2.6 17.5 135.7 79.4 

5.6 11.7 2.1 6.1 6.9 4.3 4.1 24.5 23.4 

5.1 B.5 5.1 6.5 6.7 4.4 4.7 23.8 24.3 

5.3 8.5 5.2 6.4 6.9 4.2 ~.5 23.7 23.9 

11.6 16.3 12.6 12.9 15.1 9.5 13.2 61.8 61.1 

10.2 12.6 8.B 17.3 20.2 1.2 3.3 158.8 37.9 

11.4 12.3 9.2 16.8 17.3 -3.3 3.4 162.3 36.9 

11.8 12.2 9.5 17.0 17.4 -3.3 2.8 163.0 36.6 

21.1 20.1 9.6 22.4 29.0 -5.8 12.5 217.2 58.7 

Note: The local governments portion of, State and local governments data are estimates subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitat"Jons. 

October 

1979 

1 146 350 

1 04B 442 

1 075 097 

1 1193 595 

625 573 

571 323 

580 1148 

839 760 

161 082 

138 090 

1118 277 

195 001 

70 067 

62 045 

65 347 

9B 638 

B 993 

8 193 

B 566 

14 171 

272 812 

2261 304 

264 B6B 

336 672 

7 823 

7 4B7 

7 591 

9 35q 

October 

1971 to 

October 

1979 

34.7 

38.2 

37.1 

135.5 

20.6 

2'1.3 

23.0 

115.9 

46.3 

4B.3 

48.7 

143.9 

79.8 

98.5 

91.7 

217.4 

126.8 

164.1 

147.7 

322.9 

53.6 

53.8 

53.3 

160.7 

256.7 

259.1 

259.3 

403.4 
42 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 8. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justfce system for State governments: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

- Activity 1971 1972 - 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1976 1979 

AMOUNT 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM , 2 920 751 3 3111 5(J7 3 855 356 4 536 957 5 321 378 5 986 650 6 689 474 7 544 251 8 '163 110 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 2 681 419 2 948 091 3 303 608 3 890 570 4 612 373 5 204 226 5 812 353 6 688 192 7 392 554 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 239 332 393 416 551 748 646 387 709 005 782 424 877 121 856 059 1 070 556 

POLICE PROTECTION. 932 234 1 048 094 1 187 470 1 382 931 1 577 889 1 789 471 1 963 975 2 016 228 2 150 062 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 873 493 9~2 801 1 132 288 1 308 455 1 512 130 1 696 460 1 799 725 1 892 127 1 988 639 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXP END ITURE 58 741 55 293 55 182 74 476 65 759 93 011 164 250 124 101 161 423 

JUDICIAL. ...... 326 850 371 014 419 247 475 992 561 291 663 068 735 829 1 150 265 1 317 945 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 313 117 3116 290 385 619 439 456 497 660 585 151 650 559 1 012 899 1 199 323 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 13 133 24 724 33 628 36 536 63 631 77 917 85 270 137 366 118 622 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 109 494 127 879 145 805 181 537 219 247 253 591 314 472 400 367 454 797 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 107 799 124 959 143 417 178 355 215 997 247 723 296 758 385 783 430 587 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 1 695 2 920 2 388 3 182 3 250 5 868 17 714 111 584 24 210 

PUBLIC DEfENSE. 17 266 25 571 41 830 58 055 73 127 78 622 90 393 109 294 127 892 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 16 491 23 963 37 029 51 683 65 481 70 139 78 365 97 956 118 012 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 775 1 608 4 801 _ 6 372 7 646 8 483 12 028 11 338 9 880 

CORRECT IONS 1 387 331 1 1167 524 1 613 049 1 895 434 2 291 749 2 589 609 2 974 890 3 341 200 3 824 3

'

14 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 1 323 104 1 377 776 1 533 920 1 812 529 2 193 000 2 474 783 2 847 020 3 176 963 3 53! '199 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 64 227 89 748 79 129 82 905 98 749 114 826 127 870 164 2;)7 292 8"S 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. . 147 576 301 425 44"1 955 b43 008 598 075 612 289 609 915 526 897 588 /70 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 116 ~15 82 302 71 335 100 092 128 105 129 970 139 926 122 '164 124 j l 94 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 100 .01 219 123 376 620 4112 916 469 970 482 3).9 469 989 '104 433 463 t>76 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1971 1975 1971 

to to to to to to to to to to to 1972 1973 1974 In5 ,1976 1977 1978 1979 1975 1979 1979 

P!:RCENT INCR!:ASE OR DECREASE C-) 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTlC!: SYST!:11 • 14.4 15.4 17.7 17.3 12.5 11.7 12.8 12.2 82.2 59.0 189.8 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 9.9 12.1 17.8 18.6 12.8 11.7 15.1 10.5 72.0 60.3 175.7 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 64.4 40.2 17.2 9.7 10.4 12.1 -2.4 25.1 196.2 51. 0 3

'

17.3 

POLICE PROTECTION. 12.4 13.3 16.5 14.1 13.4 9.8 2.7 6.6 69.3 36.3 130.6 

DIRECT EXPEND !TURE. 13.7 14.0 15.6 15.6 12.2 6.1 5.1 5.1 73.1 31.5 127.7 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE -5.9 -.2 35.0 -11.7 41.4 76.6 -24.4 30.1 11.9 145.5 174.8 

JUDICIAL. ...... 13.5 13.0 13.5 17.9 18.1 11.0 56.3 14.6 71.7 134.8 303.2 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 10.4 11.4 14.0 13.2 17.6 11.2 55.7 18.4 58.6 141.0 282.3 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND !TURE 88.3 36.0 8.6 74.2 22.5 9.4 61.1 -13.6 384.5 86.4 803.2 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 16.8 H.O 24.5 20.8 15.7 24.0 27.3 13.6 100.2 107.4 315.4 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 15.9 14.8 24.4 21.1 14.7 19.8 30.0 11.6 100.4 99.3 299.4 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 72.3 -18.2 33.2 2.1 80.6 201.9 -17.7 66.0 91.7 644.9 1 328.3 

PUBLIC DEfENSE. 48.1 63.6 38.B 26.0 7.5 15.0 20.9 17.0 323.5 74.9 640.7 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 45.3 511.5 39.6 26.7 7.1 11.7 25.0 20.5 297.1 80.2 615.6 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 107.5 198.6 32.7 20.0 10.9 41.8 -5.7 -12.9 886.6 29.2 1 174.8 

CORRECTIONS 5.8 9.9 17.5 20.9 13.0 14.9 12.3 lq.5 65.2 66.9 175.7 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. Q.l 11.3 18.2 21.0 12.8 15.0 11.6 11.2 65.7 61.0 166.9 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 39.7 -11.8 Q.8 19.1 16.3 11.4 28.4 78.3 53.7 196.6 356.0 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 104.3 "8.6 21.2 10.1 2.Q -.4 -13.6 11.6 305.3 -1.7 298.5 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 75.8 -13.3 40.3 28.0 1.5 7.7 -12.5 1.7 173.6 -2.8 165.9 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 117.5 71.9 17.6 6.1 2.6 -2.6 -13.9 1Q.6 366.Q -1.4 360.1 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 43 

Table 9. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal justice system for State governments: 

October 1971-0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Activity Octobe~ October October October October October October October October 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 211 7B5 222 273 241 765 262 735 274 319 2B3 049 310 35B 322 046 340 700 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 202 50B 213 B69 227 610 2,47 356 257 633 267 6B5 292 772 303 950 323 463 

FULL-T IME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. 205 B59 216 603 232 299 252 5BB 263 20B 272 4BB 29B 571 310 554 329 095 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 164 719 1B9 390 21B 554 252 214 2BO 593 311 636 37.0 396 406 B97 46B 979 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 72 609 7B 4B2 BB 465 97 224 100 272 97 BB7 101 06B 9B 651 99 301 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 67 9B6 73 963 79 475 B7 026 B9 42B B9 175 92 065 B9 977 90 779 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EfIPLOYEES. 69 375 75 397 B1 634 B9 B22 92 445 90 BB4 93 674 92 443 91 595 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 52 BOO 65 622 77 140 BB 426 97 737 105 620 116 294 122 337 130 915 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 20 562 21 026 23 602 24 560 26 402 2B 535 3B 910 43 625 49 443 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 19 466 19 9B7 21 726 22 5B2 24 1B3 25 629 34 937 39 44B 45 654 

fULl.-TIME EQUIVAUNT EMPLOYEES. 19 856 20 372 22 977 23 939 25 57B 27 516 37 337 41 642 4B 669 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 23 175 23 B7B 29 201 33 220 37 372 42 7B6 5B 566 6B 050 B7 129 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES B 765 9 714 11 OB2 12 3Bl 13 122 13 665 15 5eq 18 974 20 373 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 7 766 8 695 9 905 11 40B 11 950 12 9B4 14 627 17 596 19 210 

fULL-TIME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. B 133 9 035 10 490 11 776 12 334 13 227 15 068 1B 212 19 961 OCTOBER PAYROLL B 037 9 461 11 64B D 579 15 615 17 623 23 147 27 334 32 499 

PUBLIC DEfENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 1 030 1 432 2 161 2 710 2 602 2 912 3 245 3 256 3 7BB 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 961 1 3B2 2 071 2 575 2 51B 2 B09 3 005 3 121 3 607 

fULL-TIME EQU IVAUNT EMPLOYEES. 9B5 1 406 2 102 2 625 2 547 2 B43 3 175 3 159 3 659 OCTOBER PAYROLL B7B 1 410 2 244 2 950 3 057 3 624 4 376 4 724 5 B55 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 107 317 lOB 96B 113 503 122 560 12B 523 136 400 147 695 153 770 163 lB7 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 104 B82 107 250 111 536 120 519 126 196 133 520 144 420 150 14B 160 04B 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 106 045 107 7B5 112 176 121 160 126 933 134 420 145 552 151 40B 161 019 OCTOBER PAYROLL 7B 611B 86 710 95 565 110 710 123 252 137 92B 163 079 179 654 206 9B3 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 1 502 2 651 2 952 3 300 3 39B 3 650 3 B56 3 770 4 244 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 1 447 2 592 2 697 3 246 3 35B 3 56B 3 71B 3 660 4 165 FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 1 465 2 60B 2 920 3 266 3 371 3 59B 3 766 3 690 'I 192 OCTOBER PAYROLL 1 lBI 2 309 2 756 3 329 3 561 4 054 4 934 4 797 5 599 

October October October October October October Occober October October October October 

1971 to 1972 to 1973 to 1974 to 1975 to 1976 to 1977 to 1978 to 1971 to 1975 to 1971 to 

October Derober Oct.ober October October October October October October October October 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1975 1979 1979 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE (-) 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 5.0 B.B B.7 4.4 3.2 9.6 3.B 5.B 29.5 24.2 60.9 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 5.6 6.4 B.7 4.2 3.9 9.4 3.B 6.4 27.2 25.6 59.7 FULL-TIME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. 5.2 7.2 B.7 4.2 3.5 9.6 4.0 6.0 27.9 25.0 59.9 OCTOBER PAYROLL 15.0 15.4 15.4 11.3 11.1 lB.9 9.9 15.3 70.3 67.1 lB4.7 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES B.l 12.7 9.9 3.1 -2.4 3.2 -2.4 .7 38.1 -1.0 36.8 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... B.8 7.5 9.5 2.B -.3 3.2 -2.3 1.1 31.5 1.7 33.5 FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. B.7 8.3 10.0 2.9 -1.7 3.1 -1.3 -0.9 33.3 -.9 32.0 OCTOBER PAYROLL 211.3 17.6 14.6 10.5 8.1 10.1 5.2 7.0 B5.1 33.9 147.9 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 2.3 12.3 4.1 7.5 B.1 36.4 12.1 13.3 2B.4 B7.3 140.5 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 2.7 B.7 3.9 7.1 6.0 36.3 12.9 15.7 24.2 8B.B 134.5 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 2.6 12.B 4.2 6.B 7.6 35.7 11.5 16.9 2B.8 90.3 145.1 OCTOBER PAYROLL • 3.0 22.3 13.B 12.5 14.5 36.9 16.2 2B.0 61.3 133.1 2.76.0 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 10.0 14.1 11.7 6.0 4.1 14.0 2.1.B 9.3 49.7 55.0 136.6 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES • 12..0 13.9 15.2 4.B B.7 12.7 20.3 9.2 53.9 60.B 147.4 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 11.1 16.1 12.3 4.7 7.2 13.9 20.9 9.6 94.3 61.8 145.5 OCTOBER PAYROLL 17.7 23.1 16.6 15.0 12.9 31.3 lB.l lB.9 94.3 108.1 304.4 

PUBLIC DEfENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 39.0 50.9 25.4 -4.0 11.9 11.4 .3 16.3 152.6 45.6 267.B fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 43.B 49.9 24.3 -2.2 11.6 7.0 3.9 15.6 162.0 43.2 275.3 FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 42.7 49.5 24.9 -3.0 11.6 11.7 -.5 15.B 15B.6 43.7 271.5 OCTOBER PAYROLL 60.6 59.1 31.5 3.6 18.5 20.8 8.0 2.3.9 2.48.2 91.5 566.9 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 1.5 4.2. B.O 4.9 6.1 B.3 4.1 6.1 19.8 27.0 52.1 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES. 2.3 4.0 B.l 4.7 5.B 8.2 4.0 6.6 20.3 26.B 52.6 FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPI_OYEES. 1.6 4.1 B.O 4.8 5.9 B.3 4.0 6.3 19.7 26.9 51.B OCTOBER PAYROLL • 10.3 10.2 15.8 11.3 11.9 1B.2 10.2 15.2 56.7 67.9 163.2 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 76.5 11.4 11.B 3.0 7.4 5.6 -2.2 12.6 126.2 24.9 lB2.6 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES • 79.1 11.8 12.0 3.5 6.3 4.2 -1.6 13.B 132.1 24.0 187.B FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 7B.0 12.0 I1.B 3.2 6.7 4.7 -2.0 13.6 130.1 24.4 1B6.1 OCTOBER PAYROLL • 95.5 19.4 20.8 7.0 13.8 21.7 -2.B 16.7 201.5 57.2 374.1 
44 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 10. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justice system for local governments: fiscal years 1971·1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Activity 1971 1972. 1973 1974 1975 1976 

AMOUNT 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM • 6 662 697 "7 375 '/96 B 094 225 9 129 B64 10 501 6011 12 068 ,OB 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. ..... 6 620 807 "7 297 232 8 052 232 9 092 370 10 448 612 12 026 Y54 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 75 545 91 261 90 249 115 395 144 501 133 B55 

POLICE PROTECTION. 4 4B9 045 'I 978 854 5 LIDo 423 5 984 077 6 817 005 7 723 58B DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 4 487 825 4 94B 354 5 403 036 5 981 711 6 813 407 7 720 144 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDI,URE 21 327 30 ~OO 32 697 52 9B5 64 620 59 390 

JUDICIAL. 912 310 973 91B 1 OB2 257 1 227 391 1 412 763 1 633 645 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 910 545 965 260 1 075 479 1 222 562 1 404 672 1 623 B76 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 5 561 B 658 13 B24 II 729 17 226 18 123 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 295 415 350 150 39B 7B3 ,,','6 793 542 4110 653 502 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 294 779 348 351 396 899 474 609 539 854 650 804 INTERGOVERNflENTAL EXPENDITURE 7B7 1 799 2 553 2 627 2 967 3 142 

PUBL IC 0 EF ENS E. 50 969 63 573 79 2B3 101 445 127 938 157 36'1 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 50 961 63 430 79 2'10 101 281 127 772 157 2'15 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 123 143 257 522 5115 1 279 

CORRECT IONS 895 420 '964 625 1 066 000 1 240 815 1 471 470 1 678 879 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 857 16B "927 266 1 035 434 1 213 338 1 433 535 1 654 377 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 47 425 50 056 40 275 46 456 58 170 49 5'17 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 19 53B 44 676 62 478 99 343 129 9BB 221 329 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 19 529 44 571 62 144 98 B69 129 372 220 50B INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 321 105 643 1 076 1 007 2 .37Q 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 

to to to to to to to 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 

PERCENT INcRtAse OR DECREASE (-) 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTE:M • 10.7 9.7 12.B 15.0 14.9 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 10,2 10.3 12.9 14.9 15.1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 20.B -1.1 27.9 25.2 -7.4 

POLICE PROTECTION. 10.9 B.6 10.7 13.9 13.3 DIRECT eXPEND ITURE. 10.3 9.2 10.7 13.9 13.3 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE .. '13.0 7.2 6;'.0 22.0 ·,B.l 

JUDICIAL. . . ... 6.8 11.1 13.4 15.1 15.6 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 6.0 11.4 13.7 14.9 15.6 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 55.7 I 59.7 -15.2 46.9 5.2 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 18.5 13.9 19.6 13.B 20.5 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 1B.2 13.9 19.6 13.7 20.6 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDrfURE 128.6 41.9 2.9 12.9 5.9 

PUBLIC DEFENSE. 24.7 24.7 2B.0 26.1 23.0 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 24.5 24.9 27.B 26.2 23.1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE ~ 16.3 79.7 103.1 4.4 134.7 

CORRECTIONS • 7.7 10.5 16.4 18.6 14.1 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. ..... 8.2 11. 9 17.2 lB.1 15.4 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 5.5 -19.5 15.3 25.2 -14.B 

OTHER C R 1M INAL JUSTIe E. 128.7 39.8 59.0 30.B 70.3 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. '12B.2 39.4 59.1 30.9 70.4 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE -67.3 512.4 67.3 -6.4 135.7 

Note; Local governments data ure estimates subject to s&mpling variation; see text for data limitations. 

rRevised. 

7.9 11.0 

7.9 10.3 23.1 79.3 

7.5 11.B 

7.5 11.8 

36.2 19.0 

4.5 6.B 

4.6 2.1 24.6 424.2 

14.1 15.6 

14.2 15.6 

6.7 35.3 

17.7 17.1 17.6 17.2 -2.8 73.1 

8.1 11.9 8.1 12.3 

7.7 9.4 

21.9 -10.3 

21.8 -15.0 

39.1 373.6 

1977 1978 1979 

13 027 249 14 456 004 15 401 438 12 9B2 693 14 321 513 15 256 613 

16'1 728 295 356 300 B39 

8 304 366 9 2Bl 149 9 8B2 079 

8 299 730 9 276 2BO 9 875 712 

BO 908 96 279 109 720 

1 707 7B3 1 B23 223 1 902 52B 

1 698 066 1 732 949 1 812 181 

22 5B3 118 3BO 103 023 

745 5B5 B62 094 956 979 742 9B2 B5B 551 953 395 

3 354 4 537 4 424 

185 151 216 8211 239 159 

164 937 216 7).9 239 018 

1 243 2 152 1 916 

1 814 539 2 030 722 2 196 854 

1 78B 329 2 OOB 5711 2 154 361 

53 33B 5B 369 77 924 

269 B25 241 992 2<!3 B39 268 649 22B 440 221 946 

3 302 15 63B 3 B32 

1978 1971 1975 1971 

to to to to 

1979 1975 1979 1979 

6.5 57.6 46.7 131.2 

6.5 57.8 46.0 130.'1 1.9 91.3 10B.2 29B.2 

6.5 51.9 45.0 120.1 6.5 51.B 4'1.9 120.1 

14.0 203.0 69.B '11'1.5 

4.3 54.9 34.7 10B.5 

4.6 54.3 29.0 99.0 

-13.0 209.8 49B.l 1 752.6 

11.0 83.6 76.4 223.9 

11.0 83.1 76.6 223.4 

-2.5 277.0 49.1 462.1 

10.3 151.0 B6.9 369.2 

10.3 150.7 B7.1 369.0 -11.0 343.1 251.6 1 457.7 

B.2 64.3 49.3 lL15. :3 

7.3 67.2 50.3 151.3 

33.5 22.7 34.0 64.3 

-7.5 565.3 72.2 1 OQ5.7 

-2.8 562.5 71.6 1 036.5 -75.5 213.7 280.5 1 093.8 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 

Table 11. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal 'justice system for local governments: 

Activity 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUI.!,-TlME EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROll 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TIME EMPLOYEES 

fUll TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

JUD IC IAl: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fllll-TiME EMPLOYEES • • •• • 

Jll-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

lEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FUll-T IME eMPLOYEES 

fUll-T IME EQU IVAlENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

PUBLIC DEfENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TIME EMPLOYEES • • • ••• 

fUll-TIME £QUIVAlENT EI~PlOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

CORRECT IONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 

fULl-TIfIE EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUll-T IME EMPLOYEES • • • • • • 

fUll-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: 

TOTAL EflPLOYEES 

fULl-T IME EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TIME EMPLOYEES •••••• 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

JUD IC IAl: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TINE EMPLOYEES •••••• 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTIONI 

TOTAL EMPLUYEES .w • 

fUll-TIME EMPLOYEES •••••• 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

PUBLIC DEfENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES •••••• 

fUll-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

CORRECTIONS; 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES •••••• 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 

OTiiER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TIME EMPLOYEES 

fUll-TiflE EQUIVALENT EI1PLOYEES. 

OCTOBER PAYROll 

October 1911-0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

October 

1971 

639 555 556 381 

578 394 

466 697 

445 933 

391 506 

402 6,1 

333 258 

89 505 73 636 

79 852 

56 775 

30 211 

23 487 

25 954 

34 043 

2 9)6 

2 141 

2473 

2 474 

70 279 

64 ~73 

66 776 

50 470 

691 

638 

648 

677 

October 

1972 

666 525 

575 042 

596 480 51ll 984 

456 055 

400 608 

410 765 

364 878 

96 107 

76 749 

82 797 

62 821 

34 607 

25 794 28 739 

26 849 

3 431 2 334 

2 662 

2 857 

74 773 68 145 

70 079 

56 193 

1 552 

1 412 

1 438 

1 386 

October 

1971 to 

October 

October 

1972 to 

October 

October 

1973 to 

October 

1972 

4.2 

3.4 

3.1 

10.3 

2.3 

2.3 

2.0 

9.5 

7.4 

4.2 

3.7 

10.6 

14.6 

9.8 

10.7 

16.5 

16.9 

9.0 

7.6 

15.5 

6.4 

4.9 

4.9 

11.3 

124,6 

121.3 

121.9 

104.7 

1973 

3.1 

4.4 

4.6 

12.7 

4.6 

3.9 

4.2 

10.5 

7.1 

4.0 

5.8 

12.9 

8.3 

10.8 

11.5 

16.6 

7.7 

6.7 

7.2 

13.8 

8.2 

10.8 

11.5 

24.0 

1974 

6.0 

6.3 

6.2 

13.8 

3.5 

4.9 

4.7 

12.4 

9.1 

9.5 

9.5 

16.8 

5.6 

8.9 

10.5 

17.4 

2.9 

13.2 

12.6 

21.0 

16.9 

9.3 

9.2 

17.1 

14.0 

12.7 

13.0 

19.2 

October 

1973 

693 791 

601 834 

625 871 580 070 

470 258 

418 383 

429 512 

411 364 

100 564 

79 732 86 236 

69 396 

37 050 

26 829 

30 419 

30 308 

3 717 2 585 

2 967 

3 331 

80 522 

72 739 75 134 63 953 

1 680 

1 564 

1 603 

1 718 

October 

1974 to 

October 

1975 

2.9 

5.0, 

'1.0 

11.1 

3.4 

3.1 

10.0 

7.3 

10.5 

5.0 

11.8 

4.7 

7.4 

6.9 

14.7 

1.0 

13.4 

8.5 

20.2 

-1.6 

5.8 

5.9 

14.5 

18.9 

19.8 

20.8 

14.0 

October 

1974 

735 622 

639 640 

664 862 

660 088 

486 936 

438 926 

449 587 

462 481 

109 730 

87 315 

94 456 

81 080 

39 110 

29 217 33 598 

35 584 

3 823 

2 926 

3 340 

4 029 

94 108 

79 494 82 070 

74 867 

1 915 1 762 

1 811 

2 047 

October 

1975 to 

October 

:976 

October 

1975 

October 

1976 

October 

1977 

756 627 I 671 407 

691 159 

733 169 

499 159 

453 969 463 404 

508 862 

117 781 

96 519 

99 132 90 632 

40 958 

31 381 35 931 

40 810 

3 860 

3 318 

3 625 

4 841 

92 592 

84 109 86 880 85 690 

2 277 

2 111 

2 187 

2 333 

764 442 

683 049 

707 891 

805 719 

500 536 

456 750 

466 042 

553 750 

114 998 

94 667 102 442 

97 948 

43 304 

34 668 

39 153 

47 050 

4 492 

3 707 

4 193 5 790 

18 107 90 471 

93 156 

98 024 

3 005 

2 819 

2 905 

3 1~7 

October 

1976 to 

October 

October 

1977 to 

October 

October 

1978 to 

October 

1977 1978 1979 

785 872 

707 847 733 121 

886 401 

512 358 

469 733 

484 908 

607 473 

115 774 

97 669 

105 044 

104 989 

45 596 

37 811 

41 904 

53 633 

4 987 

4 176 

4 699 7 375 

103 015 

94 686 97 696 108 566 

4 142 

3772 

3 870 

'I 365 

October 

1971 to 

October 

1975 

October 

1978 

801 506 

71~ 302 743 204 

935 983 

523 893 

478 770 

489 735 

646 491 

111 318 

92 403 

99 359 101 466 

49 165 40 554 

113 477 

59 01'1 

5 194 

4 595 

4 879 7 337 

107 615 

99 399 102 058 

117 713 

4 321 

3 581 

3 696 

3 963 

October 

1975 to 

October 

1979 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DeCREASE (-) 

1.0 

1.7 

2.4 

9.9 

.3 

.6 

.6 

8.8 

-2.4 

-1.9 

3.3 

8.1 

5.7 

10.5 

9.0 

15.3 

16.4 

11.7 

15.7 

19.6 

6.0 

7.6 

7.2 

14.4 

32.0 

33.5 

32.8 

35.3 

2.8 

3.6 

3.6 

10.0 

2.4 

2.8 

4.0 

9.7 

.7 

3.2 

2.5 

7.2 

5.3 

9.1 

7.0 

14.0 

11. a 12.7 

12.1 

27.4 

5.0 

4.7 

4.9 

10.8 

37.8 

33.8 

33.2 

38.~ 

2.3 

1.9 

1.0 

6.4 

-3.8 

-5.4 

-5.4 

-3.4 

7.8 

7.3 

3.8 

10.0 

'1.2 

10. a 3.8 

-.5 

4.5 

5.0 

4.5 

8.4 

4.3 

-5.1 

-4.5 

-9.2 

.5 

.8 

.4 

9.5 

.5 

.4 

-.2 

9.6 

.3 

(2) 

.3 

6.3 

.3 

5.6 

4.4 

12.1 

.2 

-.2 

.6 

13.3 

1.9 

1.9 

1.8 

10.2 

-17.2 

-7.2 

-8.0 

-5.2 

18.3 

20.7 

19.5 

57.1 

11.9 

16. a 15.1 

52.7 

31.6 

31.1 

24.1 

59.6 I 

35.6 

33.6 

38.4 

77.1 

31.5 

55.0 

46.6 

95.7 

31.7 

29. ~. 

30.1 

69.8 

229.5 

230.9 

237.5 

244.6 

6.5 

8.0 

7.9 

39.8 

-5.2 

-4.2 

.5 

19.0 

20.4 

36.5 

26.3 

62.1 

34.8 

38.2 

35.4 

71.8 

18.4 

20.4 

19.5 

51.3 

57.2 

57.4 

55.4 

61. a 

.~nte: Local governments data are estimates subject tc, sampling variation; sa.) ~. ~;. :w'l:. :bt;4 limitations. 

Z Less than half the unit of measurement shown. 

October 

1979 

45 

80; 650 

724 979 

7'16 002 1 02'1 616 

526 272 

480 544 

488 853 

708 845 

111 639 

92 '136 

99 608 

107 872 

49 330 42 835 

45 386 

66 139 

5 205 

4 586 

'I 907 8 316 

109 625 

101 256 103 849 

129 689 

3 579 

:3 322 

3 399 ~ 755 

October 

1971 to 

October 

1979 

26.0 

30.3 

29.0 

119.5 

18. a 22.7 

21.4 

112.7 

24.7 

25.5 

24.7 

90.0 

63.3 

82.4 

74.9 

187.0 

77.3 

114.2 

98.4 

236.1 

56.0 

55.8 

55.5 

157.0 

417.9 

420.7 

424.5 

454.7 
46 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 12. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justice system for county governments: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Activity 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 

AMOUNT 

TOTAL CRIMINAL ~USTICE SYSTEM • 2 192 756 2 472 531 2 846 672 3 276 735 3 896 347 4 652 041 5 129 721 5 699 974 6 160 804 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 2 152 334 2 426 880 2. 805 711 3 225 727 3 828 '136 4 595 067 5 067 611 5 611 815 6 045 239 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 40 422 45 651 40 961 51 008 67 911 56 974 62 110 88 158 115 565 

POLICE PROTECTION 733 832 840 666 990 935 1 102 695 1 303 993 1 500 463 1 638 089 1 832 616 2 041 907 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 730 014 836 147 985 593 1 096 451 1 294 838 1 494 472 1 630 460 1 822 610 2 031 72B 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 3 BIB 4 519 5 342 6 244 9 155 5 991 7 629 10 006 10 179 

~UD IC IAL. . , .... 648 143 685 041 753 316 861 244 1 013 652 1 201 003 1 296 253 1 418 524 1 4Bl 579 

DIRECT EXP END !TURE. 644 653 679 862 747 000 855 750 1 006 601 1 191 231 1 286 204 1 387 147 1 429 173 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 3 490 5 179 6 316 5 494 7 051 9 772 10 049 31 377 52 406 

LEGAL S ERV IC ES AND PROS ECUTION. 171 814 197 867 230 ~ 271 531 319 540 396 489 459 134 519 871 5BO 544 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 171 120 196 145 227 86 . 269 08B 316 765 393 64B 456 182 515 967 576 762 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXpeNOITURI: 694 1 722 2 206 2 443 2 775 2 841 2 952 3 904 3 7B2 

PUBLIC DEFENSE. 41 141 50 455 61 463 79 296 102 280 130 006 156 347 180 215 196 296 

DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 41 075 50 369 61 316 7B 951 101 901 129 213 155 676 179 469 195 40B 

INTERGOVE:RNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE: 66 86 147 345 379 793 671 746 888 

CORRECT IONS 596 039 690 971 7B3 789 917 427 1 091 552 1 271 086 1 403 279 1 576 185 1 699 254 

DIRECT E:XPENDlTURE:. 563 692 656 B7B 757 095 B81 726 1 043 B18 1 254 907 1 364 858 1 535 625 1 653 25B 

INTERGOVERNMeNTAL E:XPENDITURE 32 347 34 093 26 69'1 35 701 47 734 36 179 38 421 40 560 45 996 

OTHER CRIMINAL ~USTICE:. 1 787 7 531 27 102 44 542 65 330 152 994 176 619 172 563 161 224 DIRECT EXPE:ND ITURE. 1 779 7 479 26 B47 43 760 64 513 151 596 174 230 170 997 15B 910 INTERGOVE:RNMENTAL E:XPE:NOITURE B 52 255 7B2 B17 1 39B 2 3B9 1 566 2 314 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1971 1975 1971 

to to to to to to to to to to to 

1972 1973 1974 197!i 1976 1977 1978 1979 1975 1979 1979 

P mc E:NT INC REAS E OR D E:C REAS E: (-) 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SYSTEM. 12.B 15.1 15.1 lB.9 19.4 10.3 11.1 B.l 77.7 5B.l lBl.0 

DIRECT EXP END lTURE:. 12.8 15.6 15.0 18.7 20.0 10.3 10.7 7.7 77.9 57.9 180.9 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 12.9 -10.3 24.5 33.1 -16.1 9.0 41.9 31.1 6B.0 70.2 185.9 

POLICE PROTECTION. 14.6 17.9 11.3 18.3 15.1 9.2 11.9 11.4 77.7 56.6 178.3 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 14.5 17.9 11.2 18.1 15.4 9.1 11.8 11.5 77.4 56.9 17B.3 

INTE:RGOVE:RNMENTAL EXP END ITURE 18.4 18.2 16.9 46.6 -34.6 27.3 31.2 1.7 139.8 11.2 166.6 

JUD IC IAL. ...... 5.7 10.0 14.3 17.7 lB.5 7.9 9.4 4.4 56.4 46.2 128.6 DIRECT EXPEND !TURE. 5.5 9.9 14.6 17.6 18.3 8.0 7.8 3.0 56.1 42.0 121.7 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 48.4 22.0 -13.0 28.3 3B.6 2.8 212.2 67.0 102.0 643.2 1 401.6 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 15.2 16.3 18.0 17.7 24.1 15.8 13.2 11.7 B6.0 81.7 237.9 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 14.6 16.2 18.1 17.7 24.3 15.9 13.1 11.B 85.1 82.1 237.1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 148.1 28.1 10.7 13.6 2.4 3.9 32.2 -3.1 299.9 36.3 445.0 

PUBLIC DEFENSE. 22.6 21.B 29.0 29.0 27.1 20.3 15.3 8.9 148.6 91.9 377.1 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 22.6 21.7 28.8 29.1 26.8 20.5 15.3 8.9 14B.l 91.B 375.7 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 30.3 70.9 134.7 9.9 109.2 -15.4 1..2 19.0 474.2 134.3 1 245.5 

CORRECT IONS ..... 15.9 13.4 17.1 19.0 16.4 10.4 12.3 7.8 B3.1 55.7 IB5.1 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 16.5 15.3 16.5 IB.4 20.2 B.B 12.5 7.7 B5.2 5B.4 193.3 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND !TURE 5.4 -21. 7 33.7 33.7 -24.2 6.2 5.6 13.4 47.6 -3.6 42.2 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 321.4 259.9 64.3 46.7 134.2 15.4 -2.3 -6.6 3 555.8 146.B B 922.0 DIRECT EXPENO !TURE:. 320.4 259.0 63.0 47.4 135.0 14.9 -1.9 -7.1 3 526.4 146.3 8 832.5 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 550.0 390.4 206.7 4.5 71.1 70.9 -34.4 47.8 10 112.5 183.2 2B B25.0 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 47 

Table 13. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal justice system for county governments: 

Activity October 

1971 

--

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 206 7q3 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 1M 361 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 193 011 

OCTOBER PAYROLL lq2 9q2 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 7q 5B1 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES ..... 61 093 

fULL-TIME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. bB sq7 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 52 5BB 

JLIDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 59 661 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 52 225 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 56 421 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 37 9q7 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 17 q73 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 15 15q 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 16 102 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 13 993 

PUBLIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES ~ 671 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 1 o.3q 

FULL-TIME EQU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. -': 259 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 2 2Bl 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL ,EHPLOYEES 52 199 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES q7 sq2 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. q9 261 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 36 02B 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTI~,: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 15B 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 113 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 121 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 107 

October 

1971 to 

October 

1972 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES B.l 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 6.6 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 6.2 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 12.7 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 4.6 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 5.6 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 5.4 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 11.6 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 10.0 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 5.3 FULL-TIME EaUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. q.4 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 11.8 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 9.5 

FULL-T IME EMPLOYEES 9.B FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 9.7 OCTOBER PAYROLL 14.8 

PUBLIC DEFENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 20.5 FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 13.9 FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 10.B 

OCTOBER PAYROLL IB.q 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 9.2 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 7.q 

FULL-TIME EaU IVALENT EMPLOYEES. 7.6 OCTOBER PAYROLL 13.7 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 175.3 

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 203.5 

FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 202.5 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 16q.5 

October 1971-0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Octoher October October 

1972 1973 1974 

223 ql8 2q2 269 268 q3q 

196 q59 209 925 22B IBO 

20q 966 219 B9q 239 171 

161 lOB lB5 103 216 q30 

7B 003 B5 729 88 753 

70 B62 77 132 80 96q 

72 5tl7 78 9q9 83 06B 

5B 667 69 177 7B 3BO 

65 60B 69 9B3 7B 323 

55 006 57 q75 6q 087 

5B BBO 61 Blq 68 727 

42 q3B 47 lB2 56 q25 

19 IqO 20 B22 23 039 

16 6q6 17 536 19 555 

17 656 lB 907 21 112 

16 062 18 4ql 22 198 

3 219 3 q91 3 613 

2 203 2 466 2 799 

2 503 2 822 3 161 

2 700 3 IBO 3 Bq9 

57 013 61 691 74 000 

51 399 5q 839 60 192 

53 01q 56 905 62 482 

qO 95B 46 742 55 027 

435 553 706 

3q3 q77 5B3 

366 q97 621 

2B3 3BI ~!\1 

October October October Oc!:.ober 

1972 to 1973 to 1974 to 1975 to 

October October Octoher October 

1973 1974 1975 1976 

October October 

1975 1976 

283 23q 291 859 

250 MO 260 B02 

257 592 272 5ql 

251 535 2Bl 773 

95 229 97 230 

B7 057 B9 B03 

89 273 91 B17 

90 B7q 99 632 

B5 216 83 095 

72 9.\3 71 lql 

72 761 75 941 

6q qB8 70 65q 

25 125 27 5B3 

21 332 23 709 

23 261 25 680 

26 172 30 433 

3 626 q 232 

3 153 3 546 

3 423 3 97q q 6;:9 5 539 

73 052 78 331 

65 49B 71 299 

67 9q2 73 796 

64 478 7q 270 

9B6 I 3BB 

BB7 1 304 

932 1 333 

B93 1 2q3 

October October 

1976 to 1977 to 

October October 

1977 1978 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE I-I 

B.Q 10.B 5.5 3.0 5.0 5.3 

6.9 B.7 9.9 q.O 5.B 3.4 

7.3 B.8 7.7 5.B 5.6 2.9 

14.9 16.9 16.2 12.0 16.1 4.9 

9.9 3.5 7.3 2.1 4.7 B.6 

B.B 5.0 7.5 3.2 5.5 3.B 

B.B 5.2 7.5 2.B 5.3 3.3 

17.9 13.3 15.9 9.6 22.9 1.9 

6.7 11.9 B.B -2.5 2.5 .7 

4.5 11,5 13.B -2.4 q.l IzI 5.0 11.2 5.9 q.4 3.B -. J 11.2 19.6 14.3 9.6 9.6 3.1 

B.B 10.6 9.1 9.B 7.6 9.5 

5.3 11.5 9.1 11, 1 9.B 6.6 

7.1 11.7 10,2 10.q B.4 4.9 

14.B 20.4 17.9 16.3 16.8 B.9 

B.q 3.5 .4 16.7 10.9 2.7 

11.9 13.5 12.6 12.5 11.5 B.2 

12.7 12.0 8.3 16.1 11.B 2.3 

17.B 21.0 20.3 19.7 27.q -3.3 

B.2 20.0 -1.3 7.2 5.5 q.5 

6.7 9.B B.B B.9 5.0 q.9 

7.3 9.B B.7 8.6 5.3 q.3 

14.1 17.7 17.2 15.2 10.5 10.0 

27.1 27.7 39.7 qO.B 76.3 9.0 

39.1 22.2 52.1 q7.0 72.7 11.9 

35.S 24.9 50.1 43.0 73.2 11.2 

3q.6 Qq.6 62.1 39.2 102.0 9.1 

October October October 

1977 1978 1979 

, 

306 qll 322 53B 326 359 

275 B66 2B5 372 290 135 

2B7 760 295 970 300 37B 

327 053 3q3 125 373 026 

101 798 110 502 115 166 

9q 76q 98 3qq 101 779 

96 665 99 B89 103 255 

122 q3q 12q 757 137 QOq 

B5 153 B5 725 Bq 179 

7q 03q 7q 002 72 77B 

7B B51 7B 7qB 77 5q5 

77 till 79 B03 8q q75 

29 690 32 q99 32 637 

26 026 27 7q3 29 292 

27 8q2 29 208 30 618 

35 553 38 713 q3 263 

q 692 q 817 4 759 

3 953 q 278 4 212 q qql 4 5q3 q q93 

7 05B 6 82q 7 741 

B2 631 B6 327 B7 159 

74 B37 7B 4B5 79 772 

77 682 BI 015 B2 120 

B2 OB7 90 290 97 6qB 

, 

2 447 2 66B 2 459 

2 252 2 520 2 302 

2 309 2 567 2 347 

2 511 2 739 2 495 

October October Octoher Octoher 

1978 to 1971 to 1975 to 1971 to 

Octoher October October October 

1979 197:) 1979 1979 

1.2 37.0 15.2 57.9 

1.7 36.0 15.7 57.4 

1.5 33.5 16.6 55.6 

B.7 76.0 4B.3 161,0 

4.2 27.7 20.9 54.q 

3.5 29.B 16.9 51,7 

3.q 29.7 15.7 50.0 

10.1 72.B 51.2 161,3 

-1.B 42.8 -1.2 41.1 

-1.7 39.6 -.2 39.q 

-1.5 29.0 6.6 37.4 

5.9 69.9 31.0 122.6 

.q 43.B 29.9 B6.B 

5.6 qO.B 37.3 93.3 

4.B ~ql 5 31.6 90.2 

11.B 87.0 65.3 209.2 

-1.2 35.B 31. 2 7B.2 

-1.5 63.0 33.6 117.B 

-1.1 51.5 31.3 9B.9 

13.4 102.9 67.2 239.q 

1.0 39.9 19.3 67.0 

1.6 36.9 21.8 66.7 

1,4 37.9 20.9 66.7 

B.l 79.0 51,4 171.0 

-7.B 524.1 lq9.q 1 456.3 

-B.7 6B5.0 159.5 1 937.2 

-B.6 670.2 151.B 1 B39.7 

-B.9 734.6 179.4 2 231.8 
48 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 14. Percent change in expenditure for the criminal justice system for municipal governments: fiscal years 1971·1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Activity 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 

- AMOUNT 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM • q 503 596 rq 915 962 5 295 B09 5 931 029 6 696 BOI 7 50B 76B 8 017 700 B 916 B911 9 396 6qB 

DIRECT EXPENDITURE. q q6B q73 rq B70 352 5 2q6 521 5 B66 Ijq2 6 620 17B 7 q:H BB7 7 915 082 B 709 697 9 211 37q 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 35 123 45 611 49 2BB 64 3B7 76 623 76 BBI 102 61B 207 196 185 27q 

POLICE PROTECTION. 3 775 320 4 13B lBB 4 44'1 79B II 932 001 5 574 033 6 279 070 6 742 549 7 539 9q3 7 9'13 525 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 3 757 B11 4 112 207 4 417 '1'13 4 B85 260 5 51B 569 6 225 671 6 669 270 7 q53 670 7 B'I3 9Bl1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXP,I.;'~'iTURE 17 509 25 9Bl 27 355 '16 741 55 q6'1 53 399 73 279 B6 273 99 541 

JUD IC IAL. . . . . . . . 267 963 2BB B77 335 9B7 373 046 40B 246 440 996 42'1 396 432 B06 '133 626 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 265 B92 2B5 39B 32B '179 366 Bll 39B 072 432 695 '111 B61 3q5 B02 3B3 OOB INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 2 071 3 479 7 50B 6 235 10 17'1 B 351 12 535 B7 OOq 50 61B 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 123 753 152 2B'I 169 3B6 205 705 223 2B2 257 qS6 2B7 200 343 217 377 27'1 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 123 659 152 206 169 039 205 521 223 090 257 156 2B6 BOO 342 5B4 376 633 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 94 7B 347 IB4 192 300 q02 633 6'11 

PUBLIC DEfENSE. 9 943 13 llB 18 033 22 507 26 036 2B 51B 29 833 38 655 q'l 63B DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 9 8B6 13 061 17 924 22 329 25 B71 28 032 29 260 37 249 '13 610 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 57 57 109 17B 165 qB6 573 1 '106 1 02B 

CORRECT IONS 30B 554 r286 351 291 920 3'12 367 '100 153 '132 B3B 'I3B 3BB '190 758 533 030 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 293 '176 r270 38B 27B 339 331 612 389 718 '119 470 1123 '170 472 9q9 501 103 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 15 078 15 963 13 581 10 755 10 q35 13 368 14 918 17 809 31 927 

OniER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 18 063 37 14'1 35 685 55 '102 65 050 68 889 95 332 71 515 6q 55'1 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 17 750 37 092 35 297 55 109 6'1 860 68 912 9'1 420 57 q'l3 63 036 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 313 52 388 293 190 977 912 1'1 072 1 518 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1971 1975 1971 

to to to to to to to to to to to 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1975 1979 1979 

PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE (-) 

TOTAL CRIM!NAL JUSTICE SYSTEM • 9.2 7.7 12.0 12.9 12.1 6.8 11.2 5.4 q8.7 40.3 108.6 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 9.0 7.7 11.8 12.8 12.3 6.5 10.0 5.8 48.2 39.1 106.1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 29.9 8.1 30.6 19.0 .3 33.5 101.9 -10.6 118.2 lql.8 '127.5 

POLICE PROTECT ION • 9.6 7.4 11.0 13.0 12.6 7.4 11.8 5.4 '17.6 42.5 110.'1 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 9.4 7.4 10.6 13.0 12.B 7.1 11.8 5.2 '16.9 Q2.1 108.7 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE 48.'1 5.3 70.9 18.7 -3.7 37.2 17.7 15. 'I 216.8 79.5 468.5 

JUDICIAL. 7.8 16.3 11.0 '9.4 8.0 -3.8 2.0 .2 52.lI 6.2 61.8 DIRECT EXPEND ITURE. 7.3 15.1 11.7 8.5 8.7 -lI.8 -16.0 10.8 '19.7 -3.8 lI4.0 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 68.0 115.8 -17.0 63.2 -17.9 50.1 594.1 -41.8 391.3 397.5 2 3'14.1 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION. 23.1 11.2 21.4 8.5 15.3 11.6 19.5 9.9 80.'1 69.0 20'1.9 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 23.1 11.1 21.6 8.5 15.3 11.5 19.5 9.9 80.'1 68.8 204.6 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE -17.0 3'14.9 -47.0 4.3 56.3 3'1.0 57.5 1.3 10'1.3 233.9 5Bl.9 

PUBLIC DEfENSE. 31.9 37.5 24.8 15.7 9.5 '1.6 2'1.6 15.5 161.9 71.4 348.9 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. 32.1 37.2 24.6 15.9 8.4 '1.'1 27.3 17.1 161.7 68.6 3l11.1 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE - 91.2 63.3 -7.3 194.5 17.9 145.4 -26.9 189.5 523.0 1 703.5 

CORRECT IONS -7.2 1.9 17.3 16.9 8.2 1.3 11.9 8.6 29.7 33.2 72.8 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. -7.9 2.9 19.1 17.5 7.6 1.0 11.7 6.0 32.8 28.6 70.7 INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPEND ITURE 5.9 -1'1.9 -20.8 -3.0 28.1 11.6 19.4 79.3 -30.8 206.0 111.7 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 105.6 -3.9 55.3 17.4 5.9 38.4 -25.0 -9.7 260.1 -.8 257.'1 DIRECT EXPENDITURE. : L 109.0 -'1.8 56.1 17.7 6.2 37.0 -39.2 9.7 265.4 -2.8 255.1 INTERGC-;ERNMENTAL EXPENlJlTURE -83.11 6'16.2 -24.5 -35.2 414.2 -6.7 1 QQ3.0 -89.2 -39.3 69B.9 385.0 

.. Represents zero or rounds to zero. rRevised • 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 49 

lable 15. Percent change in employment and payrolls for the criminal justice system for municipal governments: 

October 1971-0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Activity October October October October October October October October October 

1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 432 812 443 107 451 522 467 188 473 393 472 583 479 461 478 968 479 291 

fULL-T IME EMPLOYEES 372 020 378 583 391 909 411 460 '120 567 422 280 431 981 433 930 434 844 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 385 383 391 51'1 405 965 425 691 433 567 435 350 445 361 447 234 44, 624 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 323 753 353 874 394 967 443 659 481 634 523 946 559 347 592 859 651 590 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 371 352 378 052 384 529 398 183 403 930 403 306 410 560 413 391 411 106 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 324 413 329 746 341 253 357 962 366 912 366 947 374 969 380 426 378 765 

fULL-TIME eQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 333 844 338 218 350 563 366 519 374 131 374 225 383 273 389 846 385 598 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 280 670 306 211 342 187 384 101 417 988 454 118 485 040 521 735 571 441 

JUDIC IAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 29 eq4 3D 499 30 5Bl 31 407 32 565 31 903 30 621 25 593 27 460 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · .. .. 21 411 21 743 22 257 23 228 23 606 23 526 23 635 18 401 19 658 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 23 431 23 917 24 422 25 729 26 371 26 501 26 193 20 611 22 063 

OCTOBER PAYROLL . 18 828 20 383 22 214 24 655 26 144 27 294 27 577 21 663 23 398 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES · 12 738 15 467 16 228 16 071 15 833 15 721 15 906 16 666 16 693 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · .... . 8 333 9 148 9 293 9 662 10 049 10 959 11 785 12 811 13 543 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 9 852 11 083 11 512 12 486 12 670 13 473 14 062 14 269 14 768 OCTOBER PAYROLL 9 050 10 787 11 866 13 386 14 638 16 617 18 080 20 301 22 876 

PUBLIC DEfENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 265 212 226 210 234 260 295 377 446 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 207 131 119 127 165 161 223 317 374 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 214 159 145 179 202 219 258 336 414 OCTOBER PAYROLL 193 155 151 180 212 251 317 513 575 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOY EES 18 080 17 760 'f8 831 20 108 19 540 19 776 20 384 21 28B 22 466 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 17 131 16 746 17 900 19 302 18 611 ),9 172 19 849 20 914 21 484 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 17 515 17 065 18 217 19 588 18 938 19 360 20 014 21 043 21 729 OCTOBER PAYROLL . 14 442 15 235 17 211 19 840 21 213 23 753 26 479 27 42) 32 040 

OTHER CRIMtNAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 533 1 117 1 127 1 209 1 291 1 617 1 695 1 653 1 120 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 525 1 069 1 087 1 179 1 224 1 515 1 520 1 061 1 020 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 527 1 072 1 106 1 190 ~ 255 1 572 1 561 1 129 1 052 OCTOBER PAYROLL • 5-70 1 103 1 338 1 497 1 439 1 914 1 854 1 223 1 260 

October October 1 October October October October October October October October October 

197\ to 1972 to I 1913 to 1974 to 1975 to 1976 to 1977 to 1978 to 1971 to 1975 to 1971 to 

Decuoer October I October October October October October October October October October 

1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1975 1979 1979 

PERCENT INCR~ASE OR DECREASE (-) 

TOTAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 2.4 1.9 3.5 1.3 -.2 1.5 -.1 .1 9.4 1.2 10.7 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... 1.8 3.5 5.0 2.2 .4 2.3 .5 .2 13.0 3.4 16.9 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 1.6 3.7 4.9 1.9 .4 .3 .4 -.4 12.5 2.8 15.6 OCTOBER PAYROLL 9.3 11.6 12.3 8.6 8.8 0.8 6.0 9.9 48.8 35.3 101.3 

POLICE PROTECTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES " 1.8 1.7 3.6 1.4 -.2 1.8 .7 -.6 8.8 1.8 10.7 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES 1.6 3.5 4.Q 2.5 (z! 2.2 1.5 -.4 Dol 3.2 16.8 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOyeES. 1.3 3.7 4.6 2.1 (z 2.4 1.7 -1.1 12.1 3.1 15.5 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 901 11.7 12.2 8.8 8.6 6.8 7.6 9.5 48.9 36.7 103.6 

JUDICIAL: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 2.2 .3 2.7 3.7 -2.0 -4.0 -16.4 7.3 9.1 -15.7 -8.0 

fULL-T IME EMPLOYEES 1.6 2.4 4.4 1.6 -.3 .5 -22.1 6.8 10.3 -16.7 -8.9 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 2.1 2.1 5.4 2.5 .5 -1.2 -21.3 7.0 12.5 -16.3 5.8 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 8.3 9.0 11.0 6.0 4.4 1.0 -21.4 8.0 38.9 -10.5 2'1.3 

LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES 21.4 LI.9 -1.0 -1.5 -.7 1.2 4.8 .2 24.3 5.4 31.0 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · .... 9.8 1.6 4.0 LI.o 9.1 7.5 8.7 5.7 20.6 34.8 62.5 

fULL-TIME EQUIVAI.ENT EMPLOYEES. 12.5 3.9 8.5 1.5 6.3 4.4 1.5 3.5 28.6 16.6 49.9 

OCTOBER PAYROLL 19.2 10.0 12.8 9.LI 13.5 8.8 12.3 12.7 61.7 56.3 152.8 

PUBLIC DEfENSE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES -20.0 6.6 -'1.1 11.4 11.1 13.5 27.8 18.3 -11.7 90.6 68.3 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES -36.7 -9.2 6.7 29.9 -2.4 38.5 42.2 18.0 -20.3 126.7 80.7 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEf.s • -25.7 -8.8 23.4 12.8 8.4 17.8 30.2 23.2 -5.6 :05.0 93.5 OCTOBER Pf,vROLL -19.7 -2.6 19.2 17.8 18.4 26.3 61.8 12.1 9.8 171.2 197.9 

CORRECTIONS: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES -1.8 6.0 6.8 -2.8 1.2 3.1 4.4 5.5 8.1 15.0 24.3 

fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · ..... -2.2 6.9 7.8 -3.6 3.0 3.5 5.4 2.7 8.6 15.4 25.4 

fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. -2.6 6.8 7.5 -3.3 2.2 3.4 5.1 3.3 8.1 14.7 24.1 

OCTOBER PAYROLL • 5.5 13.0 15.3 6.9 12.0 11.5 3.6 16.8 46.9 51.0 121.9 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE: 

TOTAL EMPLOYEES · . 109.6 .9 7.3 6.8 25.3 4.8 -2.5 -32.2 142.2 -13.2 110.1 fULL-TIME EMPLOYEES · . . 103.6 1.7 8., 3.8 23.8 .3 -30.2 -3.9 133.1 -16.7 94.3 fULL-TIME EQUIVALENT EMPLOYEES. 103.4 3.2 7.6 5.5 25.3 -.7 -27.7 -6.8 138.1 -16.2 99.6 OCTOBER PAYROLL · . . 93.5 21.3 11.9 -3.9 33.0 -3.1 -3L1.0 3.0 152.5 -14.2 121.5 

Z Less than half the unit of measurement shown. 
50 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 16. Percent change in total criminal justice system expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) 

by State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Toea 1 expenditure). Percent .increase or decrease (~) 

government I 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL 9 302 226 1~ 060 987 17 231 180 18 796 183 21 009 70~ 22 649 166 7.8 61.9 ~0.4 

STATES 2 920 7~1 ~ 321 378 ~ 986 6~0 6 69~ 988 7 ~44 2~1 8 463 110 12.2 8?.2 ~9.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL 6 662 697 10 ~01 604 12 068 308 13 027 249 1'1 4~6 003 1~ 401 1138 6.5 57.6 46.7 

COUNTI ES 2 192 756 3 896 347 4 652 041 5 129 697 5 699 974 6 160 8011 8.1 77.7 58.1 MUNICIPALITIES 4 ~03 596 6 696 801 7 508 768 8 017 699 8 916 894 9 396 648 5.4 ~8.7 40.3 

ALA8AMA • 80 544 149 497 174 113 184 127 232 063 25? 417 8.8 85.6 68.8 STATE • 28 655 64 070 711 681 75 587 100 385 116 388 15.9 123.6 81.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. ~4 7 114 9~ 654 109 505 118 272 136 381 147 118 7.9 74.7 ~3.8 

COUNTI ES. 21 249 34 230 42 117 47 850 54 088 52 776 -2.4 61.1 ~4.2 

MUNICIPALITIES. 33 898 61 926 68 249 70 923 82 978 95 q64 15.0 82.7 ~4.2 

ALASKA. 33 003 67 877 77 047 88 131 9~ 966 110 392 15.0 105.7 62.6 STATE • 27 445 56 327 60 642 67 599 70 839 79 ~70 12.3 105.2 41.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 5 664 12 694 18 365 22 346 26 402 33 025 25.1 124.1 160.2 BOROUGHS. 762 2 475 425 1 588 1 6~2 3 4~2 109.0 224.8 39.5 14UN Ie IPALITI ES. ~ 403 11 958 17 941 20 798 24 781 29 577 19.4 121.3 147.3 

ARIZONA 89 045 201 958 243 612 257 884 278 994 326 293 17.0 126.8 6'-6 STATE. 29 596 63 660 67 857 78 732 88 432 106 836 ~1.0 11~.1 67.8 l.OCAL, TOTAL. 62 043 142 873 181 113 187 236 198 241 227 364 14.7 130.3 ~9.1 

COUNTI ES. 25 185 71 108 92 834 B4 331 90 118 102 087 13.3 182.3 43.6 MUNl<:IP~LITIES. 37 006 72 093 88 823 103 460 109 149 126 544 1~. 9 94.8 7~.~ 

ARKANSAS. 37 467 70 353 82 272 90 944 101 532 109 578 7.9 87.8 44.3 STATE. 15 292 34 288 40 378 43 995 49 219 50 640 2.9 124.2 48.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 24 170 40 792 46 449 51 325 57 909 64 985 12.2 68.8 59.3 COUNTI ES. 6 617 18 6~2 20 784 22 150 24 201 30 849 27. ~ 181.9 6~.4 

MUNICIPALITIES. 17 603 22 ~99 26 080 29 480 34 328 34 93~ 1.8 28.4 ~4.6 

CALIFORNIA. 1 38~ 401 2 234 343 2 ~21 4~2 2 7~2 637 2 919 787 3 071 ~63 ~.2 61.3 37. ~ 

STATE. 3~7 68~ 636 845 674 299 7~6 739 778 622 847 836 8.9 78.0 33.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 063 587 1 685 361 1 923 633 2 089 909 2 238 6~8 2 356 433 5.3 58.5 39.8 COUNTIES. 595 ~20 987 457 1 132 149 1 202 601 1 290 901 1 375 240 6.~ 6~.8 39.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 480 347 719 902 816 511 919 4~3 988 134 1 028 054 4.0 49.9 42.8 

COLORADO. 8~ 910 188 406 213 224 258 376 271 597 278 884 2.7 119.3 48.0 STATE • 40 435 84 322 86 414 103 859 120 132 114 449 -4.7 IOB.5 3~. 7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 48 0~9 115 379 136413 162 226 1~7 454 169 984 8.0 140.1 47.3 COUNTIES. 11 011 23 144 32 284 39 135 40 926 45 819 12.0 110.2 98.0 MUNICIPALITI ES. 37 098 92 415 104 700 123 ~12 117 194 1211 798 6.~ 1119.1 35.0 

CONNECTICUT • 135 061 205 342 209 085 230 343 248 025 287 56~ I~. 9 52.0 40.0 STATE. 66 814 111 660 104 783 118 557 128 679 143 709 11.7 67.1 28.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 70 665 99 831 10e 196 117 402 124 499 148 708 19.4 41.3 49.0 MUNICIPALITIES. ·iO 692 100 034 108 481 117 903 124 942 149 161 19.4 41.5 49.1 

DELAWARE. 3J 181 45 341 52 31~ 59 993 63 303 72 349 14.3 ~0.2 ~9. 6 STATE • 2.2 066 32 377 37 483 44 033 44 195 51 483 16.5 46.7 ~9.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 'I 417 14 187 16 680 18 086 20 988 22 660 10.0 50.7 59.7 COUNTI ES. 2 721 4 768 6 195 6 817 8 343 9 600 1~.1 75.2 101.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 6 696 9 420 10 539 11 348 12 749 13 062 2.5 40. " 38.7 

DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 145 34~ 200 378 202 999 184 640 206 665 216 136 4.6 37.9 7.9 

FLORIDA. 303 487 634 0~2 765 012 825 951 868 287 984 640 13.4 108.9 5~.3 

STATE • 8~ 365 268 454 312 847 341 89~ 330 228 393 465 19.1 214.5 46.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 220 494 376 634 468 934 ~03 847 5~3 0~4 607 483 9.8 70.8 61.3 COUNTI ES. 110 457 182 680 228 264 255 599 295 648 326 072 10.3 65.4 78.~ 

MUNICIPALITIES. 110 262 194 120 241 12~ 251 234 261 21~ 286 676 9.7 76.1 47.7 

GEORGIA 142 588 282 758 313 433 372 517 391 251 408 847 4.5 98.3 44.6 STATE. 51 217 115 80~ 122 805 155 248 169 977 162 129 -4.6 126.1 40.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 95 257 182 342 205 709 228 705 235 733 2~9 439 10.1 91.4 42.3 COUNTI ES. 49 814 97 405 112 246 125 919 129 171 146 108 13.1 95.~ ~O. 0 MUNICIPALITIES. 46 59~ 87 268 95 226 103 861 107 217 114 266 6.6 87.3 30.9 

HAWAII. 42 7~9 58 777 77 5~0 88 908 106 461 102 897 -3.3 37. ~ 7~.1 

STATE. 14 747 20 569 35 102 37 901 46 818 47 397 1.2 39.5 130.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 28 6~2 39 745 44 467 52 439 61 415 ~7 282 6.7 38.7 44.1 COUNTI ES. 6 302 In 354 11 ~16 14 78~ 16 079 14 86~ -7.6 64.3 43.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 22 350 29 397 32 9~1 37 654 45 336 42 417 -6.4 31.~ 44.3 

IDAHO. 22 719 40 979 47 808 57 449 64 883 68 082 4.9 80.4 66.1 STATE • 12 422 18 348 21 619 24 896 28 102 31 681 12.7 47.7 72.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 11 436 23 928 27 350 33 849 38 083 37 699 -1.0 109.2 57.6 COUNTIES. ~ 338 13 1~8 14 918 19 804 23 ~82 20 047 -15.0 146.~ 52.4 MUNICIPALITIES. 6 UO 11 066 12 839 14 445 17 439 18 229 4.5 81.1 64.7 

ILLINOIS. 543 051 778 322 984 017 1 044 900 1 159 866 1 249 093 7.7 43.3 60.5 STATE. 148 078 217 121 306 721 291 6~4 299 563 348 ~69 16.4 46.6 60.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 400 169 589 ~64 709 195 789 756 887 281 936 517 5.5 47.3 58.8 COUNiIES. 100 024 172 166 266 999 264 318 317 712 313 309 -13.8 72.1 82.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 300 49~ 423 997 488 786 ~33 334 572 08~ 626 123 9.4 41.1 47.7 

INDIANA. 138 039 223 026 268 487 322 339 319 136 341 445 7.0 61.6 53.1 STATE. 48 621 91 121 110 9~0 124 745 122 728 131 477 7.1 87.4 411.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 92 001 146 431 175 239 213 0~4 207 385 218 871 5.5 59.2 49.5 COUNT I ES. 25 497 48 797 63 649 84 460 71 216 80 018 12.4 91.4 64.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 66 ~42 97 923 112 199 129 149 136 727 139 328 1.9 47.2 42.3 

See footnotes nt end of table. 

1971 to 1979 

143.5 

189.8 

131.2 

181.0 

108.6 

213.4 

306.2 

168.7 

148.4 

181.6 

234.~ 

189.9 

483.1 

3~3.0 

447.4 

266.4 

261.0 

266. ~ 

30~.3 

242.0 

192.5 

231.2 

169.0 

366.2 

98.~ 

121. 7 

137.0 

121. 6 

130.9 

114.0 

224.6 

183.0 

253.7 

316.1 

236.4 

112.9 

115.1 

110.4 

111.0 

139.7 

133.3 

140.6 

2~2.8 

9~.1 

48.7 

224.4 

360.9 

175.5 

19~.2 

160.0 

186.7 

216.6 

172.4 

193.3 

14~.2 

140.6 

221.4 

99.9 

13~. 9 

89.8 

199.7 

15~.0 

229.7 

275.6 

198.3 

130.0 

135.4 

134.0 

213.2 

108.4 

147.4 

170.4 

137.9 

213.8 

109.4 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 

Table 16. Percent change in total criminal justice system expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) 

by State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type. of Total expenditure:l Percent increase or decrease (M) 

government) 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1915 1975 to 1979 

IOWA. 83 103 125 689 1q7 201 172 099 181 702 209 691 15.q 51.2 66.8 STATE • 36 970 5q OqO 62 023 70 729 79 868 88 039 10.2 q6.2 62.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 50 235 77 q28 91 789 109 099 11q 830 128 390 11.8 5q.l 65.8 COUNTIES. 20 q16 35 q06 qq 917 55 436 58 785 66 407 13.0 73.4 87.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 30 939 q3 382 48 544 55 733 58 914 63 994 8.6 "0.2 28.1 

KANSAS. 70 881 121 155 143 015 163 761 166 756 175 930 5.5 70.9 q5.2 

STATE • 33 633 58 127 66 920 76 842 76 253 75 899 -.5 72.8 30.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 39 353 69 869 80 651 93 124 98 005 105 336 7.5 77.5 50.6 COUNTIES. 14 673 30 518 3q 564 43 15q qq 252 47 615 7.6 108.0 56.0 r~UNICIPALITI ES. 2q 759 40 589 46 804 52 058 55 948 60 004 7.2 63.9 47.8 

KENTUCKY. 78 713 154 555 172 351 217 560 234 454. 275 115 17.3 96.4 78.0 STATE. 40 382 67 785 83 532 119 271 lq3 733 175 496 22.1 67.9 158.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 43 255 97 601 104 619 126 677 118 q53 120 274 1.5 125.6 23.2 COUNTI ES. 17 028 46 3q2 q5 68q 60 077 53 258 50 890 -4.q 172.2 9.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 26 509 52 353 59 912 67 675 66 106 69 73q 5.5 97.5 33.2 

LOUISIANA. 128 037 226 362 280 13q 31q 763 338 198 386 992 1q. q 76.8 71.0 STATE • 47 731 86 97q 115 386 131 q33 13q 083 174 861 30.4 82.2 101.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 87 589 153 850 180 759 199 781 21q 737 239 403 11.0 75.6 55.6 PARISHES. 33 242 62 609 79 366 92 184 101 qOq 112 790 1~.2 88.3 80.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 54 647 91 527 101 7"6 108 000 114 168 126 986 I 1l.2 67.5 38.7 

MAINE. 28 701 45 911 50 649 53 792 59 422 65 772 10.7 60.0 43.3 STATE • 16 259 25 300 27 548 28 699 32 705 36 053 10.~ 55.6 42.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 13 221 22 612 25 790 27 765 29 071 31 872 9.6 71.0 41.0 COUNTI ES. 3 433 6 827 7 943 7 573 8 528 9 836 15.3 98.9 q4.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 9 788 16 lq9 17 977 20 519 21 389 23 100 8.0 65.0 '13.0 

MARYLAND. 221 091 346 097 392 002 417 118 468 226 504 652 7.8 56.5 45.8 STATE • 116 757 190 258 236 843 252 410 279 554 295 200 5.6 63.0 55.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 136 959 192 679 217 163 230 312 252 134 285 506 13.2 '10.7 48.2 COUNTIES. 57 315 97 qq7 112 814 125 021 140 742 175 501 24.7 70.0 80.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 79 713 95 592 10q 729 106 229 111 6q2 110 092 -1.4 19.9 15.2 

MASSACHUSETTS 278 386 472 711 506 655 546 423 593 834 626 653 5.5 69.8 32.6 STATE • 76 101 143 q65 140 928 15q 249 175 941 265 913 51.1 88.5 85.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 206 744 345 327 382 385 407 957 437 352 461 299 5.5 67.0 33.4 COUNT I ES. 40 563 68 172 73 516 80 506 100 858 99 638 -1.2 68.1 q6.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 166 290 278 911 309 769 328 040 339 614 364 961 7.5 67.7 30.9 

MICHIGAN. q10 121 675 409 770 070 860 830 994 062 1 052 555 5.9 64.7 55.8 STATE • 103 413 200 962 217 430 253 901 333 988 384 q20 15.1 94.3 91.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 317 096 513 311 58q 565 6ql 66q 719 211 756 813 5.2 61.9 q7.q COUNTIES. 113 92q 191 686 238 Sq2 270 081 301 222 314 723 q.5 68.3 6q.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 206 629 328 763 357 936 382 628 q37 921 q58 785 4.8 59.1 39.5 

MINNESOTA. 125 335 203 024 242 931 280 188 308 469 342 988 11.2 62.0 68.9 STATE • 40 322 64 505 81 311 101 828 99 q26 115 9qq 16.6 60.0 79.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 88 799 148 760 178 976 203 572 228 104 2q7 203 8.q 67.5 66.2 COUNTIES. 38 846 71 500 90 949 106 49D 129 682 137 555 6.1 84.1 92.q MUNICIPALITIES. 52 315 79 962 90 683 100 161 102 109 116 12q 13.7 52.8 q5.2 

MISSISSIPPI q8 797 87 ~09 103 008 11q 150 116 360 132 072 13.5 78.7 51.q STATE • 21 150 q3 4qo 48 262 49 969 52 162 64 618 23.9 105.4 48.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 28 506 46 815 57 112 66 704 67 367 72 921 8.2 64.2 55.8 COUNTIES. 9 440 20 275 26 036 32 670 32 247 31 692 1.7 114.8 56.3 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 19 099 26 699 31 425 34 240 35 472 41 521 17.1 39.8 55.5 

MISSOURI. 162 868 272 022 295 645 330 827 361 372 393 986 9.0 67.0 44.8 STATE • 45 015 86 276 96 611 108 831 109 531 125 358 14.4 91.7 45.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 122 442 197 702 216 947 239 867 263 941 282 088 6.9 61.5 42.7 COUNTIES. 30 874 54 056 62 558 68 226 79 6H 88 275 10.8 75.1 63.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 91 609 144 429 lS5 1qq 172 183 185 262 194 513 5.0 57.7 3q.7 

MONTANA • 20 108 38 793 q7 984 53 lS6 55 876 60 121 7.6 92.9 55.0 STATE • 9 795 16 858 21 8q5 2q q47 23 041 25 853 12.2 72.1 53.q LOCAL, TOTAL. 11 373 23 300 27 394 30 519 3q 492 35 818 3.8 104.9 53.7 COUNTI ES. 5 963 12 985 16 063 17 658 20 329 21 603 6.3 117.8 66.4 MUNICIPALITIES. 5 q28 10 503 11 734 13 392 14 876 15 111 1.6 93.5 43.9 

NEBRASKA. 43 890 77 Q67 88 280 100 202 106 629 122 220 1Q.6 76.0 57.8 STATE • 15 178 32 992 38 282 46 166 49 805 53 286 7.0 117.4 61. 5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 29 632 '18 507 5Q 424 59 121 60 806 69 942 15.0 63.7 44.2 COUNTI ES. 10 205 19 898 23 795 26 646 26 197 30 320 15.7 95.0 52.Q MUNICIPALITIES. 19 662 29 019 31 065 33 016 35 179 41 096 16.8 47.6 Q1.6 

NEVADA. 39 408 76 371 83 562 102 837 109 286 114 487 4.8 93.8 49.9 STATE • 10 684 24 715 27 672 39 507 39 881 3Q 992 -12.3 131.3 41.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 29 213 54 295 60 122 67 950 72 788 82 093 12.8 85.9 51.2 COUNTIES. 14 852 39 099 44 815 51 846 53 624 61 003 13.8 163.3 56.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 14 367 25 794 27 185 29 192 31 756 36 155 13.9 79.5 40.2 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 21 878 37 411 42 644 50 202 57 176 63 519 11.1 71.0 69.8 STATE • 8 694 14 970 16 959 19 603 21 855 24 527 12.2 72.2 63.8 LOCAl., TOTAL. 14 183 23 878 27 011 32 546 35 932 40 446 12.6 68.Q 69.4 COl'NTI ES. 2 591 5 864 7 112 7 430 7 892 10 396 31. 7 126.3 77.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 11 595 18 060 19 959 25 520 28 565 30 432 6.5 55.8 68.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

51 

1971 to 1979 

.'.52.3 

138.1 

155.6 

225.3 

106.8 

148.2 

125.7 

167.7 

22q.5 

142.4 

249.5 

334.6 

178.1 

198.9 

163.1 

202.3 

266.3 

173.3 

239.3 

132.'1 

129.2 

121. 7 

141.1 

186.5 

1;36.0 

128.3 

152.8 

108.5 

206.4 

38.1 

125.1 

249.4 

123.1 

145.6 

119.5 

156.6 

271.7 

138.7 

176.3 

122.0 

173.7 

187.5 

178.q 

2Sq .1 

122.0 

170.7 

205.5 

155.8 

23S.7 

117.4 

1q2.0 

178.5 

130.4 

185.9 

112.3 

199.0 

163.9 

214.9 

262.3 

178.Q 

178.5 

251.1 

136.0 

197.1 

109.0 

190.5 

227.5 

181. 0 

310.7 

151. 7 

190.3 

182.1 

185.2 

301.2 

162.5 
52 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 16. Percent change in total criminal justice system expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) 

by State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

St.ate. and type of Tot.al elCpand 1 ture Z Percent increase or- decrease (-) 

government 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

NEW Je-RSEY. 381 221 646 367 704 754 758 034 825 691 898 200 8.8 69.6 39.0 

STATE • 100 409 188 912 184 467 209 433 223 554 247 415 10.7 88.1 31.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 286 510 484 539 542 926 573 345 625 963 671 833 7.3 69.1 39.0 

COUNTIES. 79 634 153 029 179 544 193 671 204 657 231 578 13.2 92.2 51.3 

MUNICIPALITIES. 206 885 332 304 363 604 380 377 423 237 441 196 4.2 60.6 32.8 

NEW MEXICO. 38 839 63 050 76 584 86 315 103 937 121 715 17.1 62.3 93.0 

STATE • 20 656 32 247 39 034 48 216 55 316 66 873 21.0 56.1 107.4 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 19 896 33 886 39 200 _ 42 160 50 548 57 850 14.4 70.3 70.7 

COUNTIES. 4 343 8 131 10 427 11 162 16 983 18 592 9.5 87.2 128.7 

MUNICIPALITIES. 15 606 25 976 29 568 31 165 34 580 41 074 18.8 66.4 58.1 

NEW YORK. 1 558 230 2 061 406 2 271 990 2 328 250 2 925 492 3 094 028 5.8 32.3 50.1 

STATE • 371 2M 522 396 581 699 651 061 922 759 1 108 589 20.1 40.7 112.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 232 581 '1 647 893 1 827 111 1 826 258 2 216 955 2 210 333 -,3 33. '/ 34.1 

COUNTIES. 221 289 363 254 405 010 437 535 463 092 506 091 9.3 64.2 39.3 

MUNICIPALITIES. 1 011 417 1 292 371 1 422 874 1 391 765 1 758 401 1 707 996 2.9 27.8 32.2 

NORTH CAROL INA. 161 632 290 414 315 251 353 625 394 323 461 527 17.0 79.7 58.9 

STATE. 94 355 166 620 186 088 210 269 229 931 290 785 26.5 76.6 74.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 70 189 133 917 143 029 162 510 180 652 185 153 2.5 90.8 38.3 

COUNTIES. 22 107 54 286 58 791 67 712 76 843 76 117 -.9 145.6 40.2 

MUNICIPALITIES. 48 158 80 564 86 204 96 579 105 856 110 599 4.5 67.3 37.3 

NORTH DAKOTA. 14 539 23 775 30 046 34 237 35 222 39 669 12.6 63.5 66.9 

STATE • 4 998 10 163 11 420 13 760 13 749 13 807 .4 103.3 35.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 012 15 559 20 412 21 753 22 291 26 455 18.7 55.4 70.0 

COUNTIES. 3 807 7 280 9 679 10 754 10 489 12 937 23.3 91.2 77.7 

MUNICIPALITIES. 6 224 8 491 10 937 11 252 12 175 14 058 15.5 36.4 65.6 

OHIO. 391 634 611 165 772 145 768 254 882 568 871 657 -1.2 56.1 42.6 

STATe: • 120 176 228 454 234 756 231 098 279 678 254 112 -9.1 90.1 11.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 278 679 428 567 571 389 542 379 645 078 659 728 2.3 53.8 53.9 

COUNTIES. 87 096 147 915 222 695 212 205 276 461 258 680 -6.4 69.8 74.9 

MUNICIPALITIES. 195 973 286 337 351 312 362 815 391 231 413 731 5.8 46.1 44.5 

OKLAHOMA. 73 844 115 964 134 870 179 076 202 202 203 446 .6 57.0 75.4 

STATE. 31 445 57 278 63 628 94 615 111 81.3 103 633 -7.3 82.2 80.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 44 554 66 944 78 807 91 325 98 223 106 648 8.6 50.3 59.3 

COUNTIES. 16 151 20 485 22 888 25 359 29 986 31 523 5.1 26.8 53.9 

MUNICIPALITIES. 28 450 46 589 56 183 66 530 68 843 75 739 10.0 63.8 62.6 

OREGON. 91 370 165 492 196 154 216 931 248 684 282 246 13.5 81.1 70.5 

STATE. 36 645 68 182 81 412 92 585 107 903 115 441 7.0 86.1 69.3 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 56 536 104 826 124 403 135 522 150 612 180 675 20.0 85.4 72.4 

COUNTIES. 27 256 58 811 74 734 79 400 89 432 110 949 24.1 115.8 88.7 

MUNICIPALITle:S. 30 003 46 954 50 208 56 997 62 295 72 003 15.6 56.5 53.3 

PENNSYLVANIA. 464 871 751 287 833 630 907 586 993 980 1 055 979 6.2 61.6 40.6 

STATE • 130 544 300 691 331 566 343 895 378 084 379 191 .3 130.3 26.1 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 367 359 531 280 581 665 643 066 695 845 770 100 11.0 44.6 45.0 

COUNTI ES. 80 870 128 344 146 581 166 373 183 876 208 599 13.4 58.7 62.5 

MUN IC IPALITI ES. 286 856 404 730 437 427 480 680 515 913 564 090 9.3 41.1 39.4 

RHuDE ISLAND. 35 832 55 042 63 084 70 054 88 016 93 437 6.2 53.6 69.8 

STATE. 17 547 29 784 36 181 38 168 52 399 56 748 8.3 69.7 90.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 19 557 27 665 29 908 34 408 38 220 40 131 5.0 £41.5 45.1 

MUNICIPALITIES. 19 557 27 665 29 908 34 412 38 220 40 131 5.0 41.5 45.1 

SOUTH CAROL INA. 65 516 146 297 157 635 164 729 182 463 212 182 16.3 123.3 45.0 

STATE • 29 760 74 288 79 765 77 587 89 290 108 548 21.6 149.6 46.1 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 39 114 77 606 83 391 91 165 98 749 108 664 10.0 98.4 40.0 

COUNTIES. 21 535 45 719 49 773 52 B66 56 017 65 076 16.2 112.3 42.3 

MI,JNICIPALITI ES. 17 5B4 32 061 34 201 38 958 43 639 Ij4 B33 2.7 B2.3 39.8 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 16 590 29 425 41 200 39 220 41 430 45 498 9.B 77.4 54.6 

STATE • 7 372 14 637 19 804 21 706 21 104 25 074 18.8 98.5 71.3 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 9 5B2 16 119 23 50B 21 612 23 060 23 323 1.1 6B.2 44.7 COUNTIES. 4 157 8 364 13 446 11 621 11 515 11 B16 2.6 101.2 41.3 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 5 514 B lB8 10 416 10 495 12 023 12 077 .4 4B.5 47.5 

TENNESSEE • 106 466 212 046 227 803 263 078 323 469 341 557 5.6 99.2 61.1 

STATE • 38 795 80 616 89 057 107 463 121 233 136 150 12.3 107.8 68.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 70 003 144 956 150 447 166 893 215 942 223 109 3.3 107.1 53 .• 9 COUNTIES. 24 006 55 280 52 565 5B 39B 89 292 95 383 6.8 130.3 72.5 MUNICIPALITIES. 47 lB6 91 477 99 416 109 669 12B 305 12B 105 -.2 93.9 40.1 

TEXAS 329 435 594 175 713 351 793 246 8B5 420 969 407 9.5 80.4 63.2 

STATE • 93 090 192 732 232 319 257 162 279 569 277 800 -.6 107.0 44.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 244 254 428 631 509 383 574 123 646 675 736 863 13.9 75.5 71.9 COUNTIES. 89 541 169 487 211 006 243 121 274 292 310 370 13.2 89.3 83.1 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 155 213 260 480 300 174 333 031 375 486 429 771 14.5 67.8 65.0 

UTAH. 28 308 56 974 70 344 79 728 109 208 112 560 3.1 101. 3 97.6 STATE • 14 093 27 507 32 672 38 077 52 542 53 144 1.7 95.2 93.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 15 286 34 195 41 996 46 465 61 827 65 950 6.7 123.7 92.9 COUNTIES. 6 020 13 467 18 753 21 765 27 706 28 150 1.6 123.7 109.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 9 294 20 827 23 416 2~ 840 34 646 38 009 9.7 124.1 82.5 

Sec footnotes at end of table. 

1971 to 1979 

135.6 

146.4 

134.5 

190.8 

113.3 

213.4 

223.7 

190.8 

328.1 

163.2 

98.6 

198.6 

79.3 

128.7 

68.9 

185.5 

208.2 

163.8 

244.3 

129.7 

172.8 

176.3 

164.2 

239.8 

125.9 

122.6 

111.4 

136.7 

'!97.1 

110.0 

175.5 

229.6 

1:39.7 

95.2 

166.2 

208.9 

215.0 

219.6 

307.1 

140.0 

127.2 

190.5 

109.6 

157.9 

96.6 

160.8 

223.4 

105.2 

105.2 

223.9 

264.7 

177.8 

202.2 

155.0 

174.2 

240.1 

143.4 

lB4.2 

119.0 

220.B 

250.9 

218.7 

297.3 

171.5 

194.3 

198.4 

201.7 

2~6.6 

176.9 

297.6 

277.1 

331.4 

367.6 

309.0 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE ~YSTEM 

Table 16. Percent change in total criminal justice system expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) 

by State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total expenditure! Percent increase or decrease ( ... ) 

government 1 

1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

VERMONT. 18 114 26 913 27 345 31 210 33 305 38 315 15.0 48.6 42.4 

STATE • 15 198 20 110 19 963 22 854 25 180 29 003 15.2 32.3 44.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 3 826 6 932 7 947 8 893 8 684 9 536 9.8 81.2 37.6 COUNTIES. 43 245 601 646 700 917 31, 0 469.8 274.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 3 789 6 775 7 411 8 393 8 114 8 912 9.8 78.8 31.5 

VIRGINIA. 160 0811 293 836 333 565 369 471 423 807 466 909 10.2 83.6 58.9 STATE • 78 645 156 994 116 728 200 877 234 656 269 877 15.0 99.6 71.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 90 867 160 350 185 657 218 506 241 489 261 810 8.4 76.5 63.3 COUNTIES. 29 289 62 875 76 910 94 538 101 124 114 050 6.5 114.7 81.4 MUNICIPALITIES. 62 273 98 517 110 312 126 438 137 226 150 105 9.4 58.2 52.4 

WASH INGTON. 150 274 228 506 262 546 293 825 325 154 372 851 14.7 52.1 63.2 STATE • 56 877 91 843 99 172 119 251 122 356 144 071 17.7 61,5 56.9 LOCAL. TOTAL. 95 924 145 M6 176 990 190 638 211 547 243 624 15.2 52.0 67.0 COUNT I ES. 41 559 73 062. 88 748 94 464 109 560 134 967 23.2 75.8 84.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 55 819 76 351 91 855 102 002 109 260 114 815 5.1 36.8 50.4 

WEST VIRGINIA. 32 308 64 385 74 895 85 235 93 423 102 587 9.8 99.3 59.3 STATE • 15 307 31 614 37 328 47 694 49 927 54 945 10.1 106.5 73.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 18 123 35 959 39 945 40 203 45 264 48 814 7.8 98.4 35.7 COUNTIES. 8 282 19 037 20 999 20 486 22 296 24 021 7.7 129.9 26.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 9 900 17 128 19 461 19 962 23 166 25 127 8.5 73.0 46.7 

WISCONSIN • 196 314 262 721 300 033 339 234 365 940 407 676 11.4 33.8 55.2 STATE • 67 744 90 727 98 870 109 681 117 449 137 358 17.0 33.9 51,4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 133 419 182 372 217 034 240 376 260 019 280 927 8.0 36.7 54.0 COUNT! ES. 49 351 72 527 88 366 100 454 116 580 130 109 11.6 47.0 79.4 MUNICIPALITIES. 84 532 110 550 124 994 141 794 144 061 152 272 5.7 30.8 37.7 

WYOMING 10 886 20 185 25 399 37 793 46 338 50 784 10.0 85.4 151.6 STATE • 5 369 9 953 12 590 17 205 26 014 24 458 -6.0 85.4 145.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 6 121 11 835 14 208 22 421 20 989 26 810 27.7 93.4 126.5 COUNTIES. 2 558 5 670 7 470 12 837 10 746 12 388 15.3 121.7 118.5 MUNICIPALITIES. 3 568 6 237 6 825 9 765 10 356 14 626 41.2 74.8 134.5 

Z Less than half the unit of measurement shown. 

53 

1971 to 1979 

111.5 

90.8 

149.2 

2 032.6 

135.2 

191.7 

243.2 

188.1 

289.4 

141,0 

148.1 

153.3 

154.0 

224.8 

105.7 

217.5 

259.0 

169.3 

190.0 

153.8 

107.7 

102.8 

110.6 

163.6 

80.1 

366.5 

355.5 

338.0 

384.0 

309.9 

lFor each State, and the United States sununary, the expenditure figures shown on the IILoc-al, totai" line and the combined State-local total line (the data shown opposite the 

names of the individual States) exclude duplicative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was donI! to avoid the artificial inflation which would result if an intergovernmental expenditure amount for one government is tabulated and the:r1 counted again when the recipient government(s) ultimately expend(s) that amount. 

200tn fo't' municipalities, and the local governments totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject to sampling variation; data for counties (boroughs, parishes) 

are based on a canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitations. 
54 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 17. Percent change in criminal justice system full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

St.ate and type of 

government 

STATES-LoCAL, 

TOTAL •• STATES ••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

ALABAMA. • • STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL. , COUNTIES •••• HUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

ALASKA. •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL. • BOROUGHS ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

ARIZONA. • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARKANSAS • • STATE. • • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CALIFORNIA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

COLORADO • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTI ES • • , • MUNICIPALITIES 

CONNECTICUT ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

DELAWARE. ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES • 

DISTRICT Of COLUMBIA:. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 

FLORIDA. • •• STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

GEORGIA. • •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

HAWAII. • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

IDAHO. • • • • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNIC IPALITIES 

ILLINOIS • • ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTA·~ • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

INDIANA.. • ••• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIP~.LITIES 

October 1971 

, 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

784 250 

205 856 

578 39q 

193 011 

385 383 

9 206 

2 501 6 705 

2 501 

q 20q 

1 667 

1 178 

q89 

22 

q67 

7 628 

2 109 

5 519 

2 559 

2 960 

q q5q 

1 175 

3 279 

947 

2 332 

95 9q8 

21 210 ?q 738 

qO qOq 

3q 33q 

8 018 

3 157 

q 861 

1 217 

3 6qq 

11 033 

q 83q 6 199 6 199 

2 575 

1 607 

968 

318 

650 

9 707 

30 q77 

7 951 

22 526 

10 975 

11 551 

14 796 3 873 10 923 

5 159 

5 76q 

3 570 1 065 

2 505 

5q2 

1 963 

2 276 

733 1 543 

778 

765 

q5 726 

9 889 

35 837 

10 179 25 658 

lq lq3 

3 993 

10 150 2 898 

7 252 

October 

payroll 

63q 283 

167 587 

q66 697 

142 9q2 

323 753 

5 60q 

1 697 

3 933 

1 419 

2 51q 

1 895 

1 q35 

q60 

19 

q41 

5 715 1 682 

q 08q 

1 694 

2 390 

2 397 

696 

1 701 

q30 1 271 

95 848 

20 775 75 385 

39 408 

35 977 

6 028 2 465 3 563 

7q7 

2 816 

9 195 

4 048 5 lq8 5 148 

1 903 

1 237 

666 

190 

476 

8 988' 

21 3qq 

5 688 

15 664 7 3q9 

8 315 

9 188 

2 509 6 715 3 026 

3 688 

3 000 

908 

2 093 

q71 

1 622 

1 401 

522 

879 

353 

526 

41 207 

8 892 

32 455 7 276 

25 179 

9 320 

2 866 6 512 

1 520 

4 992 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

954 379 

263 208 

691 159 

257 592 

433 567 

12 117 

3 3q3 8 693 

3 42q 

5 269 

2 304 1 649 

655 8 647 

11 077 

2 865 

8 212 4 OOl 

q 209 

5 687 

1 709 

3 978 

1 632 

2 3q6 

116 214 

26 003 

90 211 

51 353 

38 858 

12 160 

q 063 

8 097 

1 938 6 159 

11 879 

5 q91 6 388 6 388 

3 128 2 116 1 012 

3qO 

672 

9 353 

43 370 

15 q97 

27 873 

13 536 

14 337 

21 067 6 qq3 14 624 7 255 7 369 

3 62q 

1 050 25H 

593 

1 981 

3 024 

919 

2 105 

1 126 

979 

50 592 

10 664 

39 928 

12 776 27 152 

17 605 

4 800 

12 805 

4 179 

8 626 

October 

payro tl 

1 013 762 

280 593 

7J3 169 

251 535 

481 634 

9 858 

3 065 6 793 

2 511 

q 283 

3 8~5 

2 85\\ 1 OJ! 

14 

996 

11 lq6 

3 066 

8 082 

3 751 

4 331 

4 068 

1 439 

2 629 

1 018 1 611 

152 789 

33 240 

119 5q9 66 751 

52 798 

12 821 

4 713 

8 108 1 574 6 534 

12 487 5 !l74 6 913 

6913 

3 104 

2 074 

1 030 

366 

664 

12 324 

41 60q 

14 097 

27 507 

12 623 

14 88q 

16 910 

5 367 

11 543 

5 6q7 

5 896 

q 190 1 260 2 929 

695 

2 234 

2 q55 

9qO 

1 515 

718 

797 

58 425 

12 946 

45 479 

11 629 33 851 

14 863 4 nq 

10 129 

2 919 7 210 

Employment and payroll I 

October 1976 

Futl-timc 

equivalent 

cmp layment 

980 379 

272 488 

707 891 

272 541 

q35 350 

12 396 3 582 

8 814 

3 596 

5 216 

2 541 1 911 

630 

12 

618 

11 905 

3 026 6 879 

4 410 

4 469 

6 172 1 852 

4 320 

1 758 2 562 

119 910 

26 251 

93 659 54 776 38 883 

12 558 

4 235 

8 323 

2 159 6 164 

11 886 

5 480 6 406 6 406 

3 2115 

2 187 

1 058 

388 

670 

8 885 

46 204 

16 359 

29 845 

lq 286 

15 559 

22 052 6 816 

15 236 7 766 '7 '170 

4 059 

1 q57 

2 602 

621 

1 981 

3 337 1 041 2 2~6 

1 213 1 083 

53 536 11 159 42 377 13 925 

28 452 

18 426 

4 926 

13 500 

q 751 

8 749 

October 

payroll 

1 117 355 

311 636 

805 719 

261 773 

523 946 

10 809 

3 386 7 '123 

2 948 

4 q75 

4 727 3 604 

1 123 

25 

1 098 

13 828 3 380 

10 q48 

4 631 

5 817 

4 597 

1 618 

2 979 

1 181 

1 798 

170 924 

36 821 

13q 103 

75 ql0 

58 693 

14 144 

5 205 

8 939 

1 971 6 968 

13 036 

5 510 7 527 7 527 

3 511 2 352 

1 160 

460 

699 

12 869 

46 700 

16 133 

30 568 

13 612 

16 955 

19 257 6 590 

12 667 6 376 6 291 

5 242 

1 885 

3 357 

818 

2 540 

2 953 

1 171 

1 782 

836 

94q 

63 708 

13 989 

49 719 13 317 

36 403 

16 616 

5 336 

11 280 

3 589 7 691 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

1 031 692 

298 571 

738 121 

287 760 

4q5 361 

12 953 q 006 8 9q7 

3 156 

5 791 

2 773 1 99q 

779 

31 

746 

12 577 3 378 

9 199 

4 505 4 6911 

6 819 

2 188 

4 631 

1 872 

2 759 

123 582 

26 911 

96 671 

55 836 

40 835 

12 64q 

q 080 6 56q 2 3J2 6 232 

12 77q 

6 270 6 504 6 504 

3 363 

2 296 

1 067 

392 

675 

8 648 

47 381 

16 803 

30 578 

15 q70 

15 108 

23 256 7 509 

15 747 

8 153 

7 59q 

q 213 

1 553 

2 660 

689 

1 971 

3 658 1 116 2 542 

1 q40 

1 102 

5q 193 

11 423 

q2 770 

14 553 

28 217 

19 697 

5 560 

14137 

5 188 8 9119 

October 

payroll 

1 256 797 

370 396 

886 qOl 

327 053 

559 347 

12 797 

4 718 

8 079 2 71q 

5 364 

5 431 

3 91q 

1 517 

86 

1 431 

15 273 4 135 

11 138 

4 957 6 181 

5 525 

1 880 

3 6q5 

1 315 2 33Q 

194 839 

40 948 

153 891 89 913 

63 977 

14 731 

5 2q3 

9 488 

2 293 7 195 

15 478 7 298 

8 180 

8 180 

3 792 

2 557 

1 23q 

q95 

739 

14 090 

52 853 

19 420 33 432 16 031 

17 401 

21 123 7 280 13 8qll 

7 167 6 676 

5 631 1 94a 

3 691 

974 2 717 

3 538 

1 281 

2 256 

1 140 1 116 

70 050 

14 586 

55 46q 

15 395 

40 070 

19 097 

5 560 

12 433 

3 947 

8 486 

October 1976 

Full-time 

cquiva lent 

cmp loyment 

1 053 758 

310 554 

743 204 

295 970 

4117 234 

14 543 

5 052 

9 491 3 398 6 093 

2 806 

1 984 

822 

.10 

812 

13 351 

3 708 

9 643 

q 753 

4 690 

6 682 1 923 

q 759 

2 002 

2 757 

119 720 

25 358 

94 362 

5q 549 

39 813 

13 067 

4 445 

8 622 2 535 

6 087 

12 645 6 232 6 613 6613 

3 527 2 450 

1 077 

377 

700 

8 705 

48 94a 

17 739 

31209 

16 736 

lq 1173 

23 13q 7 485 

15 6q9 6 253 7 396 

4 372 1 606 2 766 

716 2 050 

3 899 

1 303 

2 596 1 5J5 1 061 

56 813 

12 584 q4 229 

15 832 

28 397 

19 296 

5 354 

13 942 5 134 

8 808 

Octcbel' 

pllyro tl 

1 342 880 406 897 

935 983 

3q3 125 

592 659 

15 4811 

5 968 

9 516 

3 246 6 269 

5 807 

q037 

1 769 

26 

1 743 

17 872 

4 665 13 207 5 8).0 

739'7 

5 785 

1 998 

3 787 1 467 

2 320 

185 565 

41 q72 

1qq 093 BO q45 

63 6q8 

17 018 6 227 

10 791 2 750 

8 OliO 

16 549 7 819 

8 730 

8 730 

4 185 

2 849 

1 336 

491 

8115 

15 492 

58 685 21 479 

37 206 

19 3q8 

17 858 

24 124 

8 982 

15 141 

8 034 7 107 

6 120 

2 190 

3 930 

1 015 

2 915 

4 110 1 633 2477 

1 319 

1 158 

77 323 

18 111 59 213 17 365 41 848 

19 829 6 689 

13 140 

4 IB2 8 958 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 55 

Table 17. Percent change in criminal justice system fu"·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971·0ctober 1979 

Employment and payroLL-- Percent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 government 

Full-time October FUll_time October Full-t.ime October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payrolL equivalent payroll cquiva lent payroll equivalent payroll equiva lent payroll emp loyment employment employment employment employment 

STATES-~OCAL, 

TOTAL. 1 075 097 1 493 595 2.0 11.2 21.7 59.8 12.6 47.3 37.1 135.5 STATES. 329 095 468 979 6.0 15.3 27.9 67.4 25.0 17.1 59.9 179.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 746 002 1 024 616 .4 9.5 19.5 57.1 7.9 J9.8 29.0 119.5 COUNT I ES. 300 378 373 026 1.5 8.7 33.5 76.0 16.6 Q8.3 55.6 161.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 1145 624 651 590 -.4 9.9 12.5 48.8 2.8 35.3 15.6 101.3 

ALABAMA. 14 960 16 881 2.9 9.0 31.6 75.9 23.5 71.2 62.5 201.2 STATE. 5 252 6 704 4.0 12.3 . 33.7 80.6 57.1 118.7 110.0 295.1 LOCAL, TOTAL •• 9 708 10 176 2.3 6.9 29.6 72.7 11. 7 49.8 44.8 158.7 COUNT I ES 3 289 3 333 -3.2 2.7 36.9 77.0 -3.9 32.7 31.5 134.9 MUNICIPALITIES 6 419 6 843 5.4 9.2 25.3 70.4 21.8 59.8 52.7 172.2 

ALASKA 2 944 6 731 4.9 15.9 38.2 104.0 27.8 74.2 76.6 255.2 STATE. 2 026 4 417 2.1 9.4 40.0 98.9 22.9 54.8 72.0 207.8 LOCAL. 918 2 314 11.7 30.8 33.9 119.8 40.2 128.9 87.7 403.0 BOROUGHS 55 154 450.0 492.3 -63.6 -26.3 587.5 1 000.0 150.0 710.5 MUNICIPALITIES 863 2 160 6.3 23.9 38.5 125.9 33.4 116.9 84.8 389.8 

ARIZONA. 14 224 19 774 6.5 10.6 45.2 95.1 28.4 17.4 86.5 246.0 STATE. 4 028 5 369 8.6 15.1 35.8 82.3 40.6 75.1 91.0 219.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 10 195 14 405 5.7 9.1 48.8 .97.9 24.1 78.2 S4.7 252.7 COUNTIES 4 993 6 414 5.0 10.4 56.4 121.4 24.7 71.0 95.1 278.6 MUNICIPALITIES 5 202 7 991 6.4 8.0 42.2 81.2 23.6 84.5 75.7 234.4 

ARKANSAS 7 219 6 658 8.0 15.1 27.7 69.7 26.9 63.7 62.1 177.8 STATE. 2 235 2 387 16.2 19.5 45.4 106.8 30.8 65.9 90.2 243.0 LOCAL, TOTAL II 984 4 271 4.7 12.8 21.3 54.6 25.3 62.5 52.0 151.1 COUNTIES 2 315 1 843 15.6 25.6 72.3 136.7 41.9 81.0 144.5 328.6 MUNICIPALITIES 2 669 2 428 -3.2 4.7 .6 26.8 13.8 50.7 14.5 91.0 

CALIFORNIA 121 638 209 234 1.6 12.8 21.1 59.4 4.7 36.9 26.8 118.3 STATE. 26 616 47 379 5.0 14.2 22.6 60.0 2.4 42.5 25.5 128.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 95 022 161 854 .7 12.3 20.7 58.6 5.3 35.4 27.1 114.7 COUNTIES 55 196 89 938 1.2 11.8 27.1 69.4 7.5 34.7 36.6 128.2 MUNICIPALITIES 39 826 71 916 (zl 13.0 13,2 46.8 2.5 36.2 16.0 99.9 

COLORADO 13 131 18 895 .5 11.0 51.7 112.7 8.0 47.4 63.8 213.5 STATE. 4 038 6 665 -9.2 7.0 28.7 91.2 -.6 41.4 27.9 170.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 9 093 12 230 5.5 13.3 66.6 127.6 12.3 50.8 87.1 243.3 COUNTIES 2 832 3 207 11.7 16.6 59.2 110.7 46.1 103.7 132.7 329.3 MUNICIPALITIES 6 261 9 023 2.9 12.2 69.0 132.0 1.7 38.1 71.8 220.4 

CONNECTICUT. 12 950 18 590 .8 12.3 7.7 35.8 9.0 48.9 17.4 102.2 STATE. 6 233 8 769 (zl 12.1 13.6 37.7 13.5 57.3 28.9 116.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 717 9 821 1.6 12.5 3.0 34.3 5.2 42.1 8.4 90.8 MUNICIPALITIES 6 717 9 821 1.6 12.5 3.0 34.3 5.2 42.1 8.4 90.8 

DELAWARE 3 679 4 560 4.3 9.0 21. 5 63.1 17.6 46.9 42.9 139.6 STATE. 2 596 3 151 6.0 10.6 31. 7 67.7 22.7 51.9 61.5 154.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 083 1 408 .6 5.4 4.5 54.7 7.0 36.7 11.9 111.4 COUNTIES 404 547 7.2 11.4 6.9 92.6 18.8 49.5 27.0 187.9 MUNICIPALITIES 679 861 -3.0 1.9 3.4 39.5 1.0 4.5 4.5 80.9 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBJA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 8 928 14 900 2.6 -3.B -3.6 37.1 -4.8 20.9 -8.0 65.8 

FLORIDA. :~- 51 295 65 169 4.8 11.0 42.3 94.9 18.3 56.6 68.3 205.3 STATE. -e.~.' 18 846 24 973 6.2 16.3 94.9 147.8 21.6 77.2 137.0 339.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 32 449 40 196 4.0 8.0 23.7 75.6 16.4 46.1 44.1 156.6 COUNTIES 17 226 >'0 175 2.9 4.3 23.3 71.8 27.3 59.8 57.0 174.5 MUNICIPALITIES 15 223 20 020 5.2 12.1 24.1 79.0 6.2 34.5 31.8 140.8 

GEORGIA. 24 018 26 105 3.8 8.2 42.4 84.0 14.0 54.4 62.3 184.1 STATE. 8 015 9 749 7.1 8.5 66.4 113.9 24.4 81.6 106.9 288.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 16 004 16 356 2.3 8.0 33.9 71.9 9.4 41.7 46.5 143.6 COUNT IES 8 660 8 664 4.9 7.8 40.6 86.6 19.4 53.4 67.9 186.3 MUNICIPALITIES 7 343 7 692 -.7 8.2 27.8 59.9 -.4 30.5 27,4 108.6 

HAWAII 4 518 5 938 3.3 -3.0 1.5 39.7 24.7 41.7 26.6 97.9 STATE. 1 685 2 158 4.9 -1.5 -1.4 38.8 60.5 71.3 58.2 137.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 833 3 780 2.4 -3.8 2.8 39.9 10.1 29.0 13.1 80.6 COUNTIES 700 986 -2.2 -2.9 9.4 47.6 18.0 41.9 29.2 109.3 flUNICIPALITlES 2 133 2 793 4.0 -4.2 .9 37.7 7.7 25.0 8.7 72.2 

IDAHO. 3 870 4 411 -.7 7.3 32.9 75.2 28.0 79.7 70.0 214.8 STATE. 1 278 1 677 -1.9 2.7 25.4 80.1 39.1 78.4 74.4 221.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 592 2 734 -.2 10.4 36.4 72.4 23.1 80.5 68.0 211.0 COUNTIES 1 525 1 468 -.7 11.3 44.7 103.4 35.4 104.5 96.0 315.9 MUNICIPALITIES . 1 067 1 266 .6 9.3 28.0 51.5 9.0 58.8 39.5 140.7 

ILLINOIS 57 732 83 462 1.6 7.9 10.6 41.8 14.1 42.9 26.3 102.5 STATE. . 13 159 19 950 4.6 10.2 7.8 45.6 23.4 54.1 33.1 124.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 44 573 63 513 .8 7.3 11.4 40.1 11.6 39.7 24.4 95.7 'COUNTIES 15 445 18 1.95 -2.4 4.8 25.5 59.8 20.9 56.5 51.7 150.1 MUNICIPALITIES 29 128 45 :518 2.6 8.3 5.8 34.4 7.3 33.9 13.5 80.0 

INDIANA. 20 785 22 647 7.7 14.2 24.5 59.5 18.1 52.4 47.0 143.0 STATE. 6 118 8 089 14.3 20.9 20.2 65.2 27.5 70.9 53.2 182,2 LOCAL, TOTAL 14 667 14 557 5.2 10.8 26.2 55.5 14.5 43.7 44.5 123.5 COUNTIES 5 566 4 807 8.4 14.9 44.2 92.0 33.2 64.7 92.1 216.3 MUNICIPALITIES 9 101 9 750 3.3 8.8 18.9 44.4 5.5 35.2 25.5 95.3 

Sec fDotnotes at end of table. 
56 CRIMINAL JUS1/CE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 17. Percent change in criminal justice system ful/-time equivalent employment and payroll. by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Emp layment and payro 111 

~------------.-------------~--~~~~~~-.--------------.---------------

State and type of 

government 

IOWA • • • • • STATE •••• , LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES. , , , MUNICIPALITIES. 

KANSAS , STATE, • , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

KENTUCKY. , • , STATE. , , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , , COUNTlES ••• MUN IC IPALITIES 

LOUISIANA. , STATE, • , • , • LOCAL, TOTAL •• PARISHES • , , MUNICIPALITlES 

MAINE, , • , , , , STATE, •• , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

MARYLAND.. " STATE, • f • , •• 

LOCAL, TOTAL , , COUNTIES. , • MUNICIPALITIES 

MASSACHUSETTS. , , STATE, • , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

MiCHIGAN • • , , STATE, • , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITlES 

MINNESOTA., , STATE, •••• , LOCAL, TOTAL • , COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSISSIPPI, • , , , STATE. , , • , , ,-OCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES , 

MISSOURI • , • , , STATE, • , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

MONTANA, , , • , , STATE, • , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

NEBRASKA. , , , , STATE, , , • , • LOCAL, TOTAL , , , 

COUNTIES , , '" MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

NEVADA, , , • , STATE, • , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , , , COUNTIES • , , , flUNICIPALITIES 

NEW HAMPSHIRE, , STATE, , , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL • , COUNTIES, • , MUNICIPALITIES , 

October 1971 

Full-hme 

equivalent 

employment 

7 5q8 2q72 

5 076 

1 838 

3 238 

7 726 

2 918 

q 8C8 1 800 

3 008 

7 788 

2 909 

q 879 

1 902. 2 977 

1~ 076 

:I q18 

10 658 

:I 9qZ 6 716 

2 771 

1 2.35 

1 536 

381 

1 155 

18 28q 7 091 

11 193 

4 591 6 602 

22 725 

5 150 

17 575 2 M6 H 92.9 

31 01q 6 56q 

24 q50 8 2q7 

16 20) 

10 746 

2 750 7 996 J3D 

q 683 

4 990 1 592 

3 398 

907 

2 q91 

17 511 

3 7q5 

13 766 

3 650 

10 116 

2 367 

865 

1 502. 

8q5 

657 

4 338 

1 282 

3 056 1 135 1 921 

3 1q5 

6'17 

2 '198 

1 335 1 163 

2 011 

560 

1 '151 

2.'15 

1 206 

Octobc't' 

payroll 

q 997 

1 785 

3 213 1 058 2 155 

q 778 2. Oq2 

2 736 

912 1 824 

q 830 

1 880 

2. 9q9 

1 105 

1 8q'l 

8 15~ 

2. 250 

5 95'1 

2 26'1 

3 689 

1 719 

8H 

905 

180 

725 

13 330 

5 725 

7 605 

3 795 3 810 

18 890 q 564 H 326 1 889 

12 '138 

28 761 6 9q5 

2.1 959 6 564 

15 394 

8 921 2 176 6 769 

2 66'1 

4 105 

2 82q 1 Oq2 

1 78l 

q87 1 295 

11 123 

2 q99 

8 6'10 2 H5 6 q95 

1 ~16 

601 

815 

qOO 

q15 

2 953 

923 2 053 

610 

1 '143 

25H 

579 1 995 

1 031 

96'1 

1 q05 

q11 

99'1 

lq9 

8q5 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

8 768 

2 66'1 

/) 10'1 2 716 

3 388 

9 700 3 335 6 3~5 

2. 782 3 583 

11 335 

3 872 7 q63 3 267 

4 196 

19 039 6 198 

12 Ml 

5 168 7 673 

3 550 

1 680 

1 870 

'197 1 371 

21 557 

8 9q8 

12 609 

5 839 6 770 

2.7 183 6 655 

20 528 

3 935 

16 593 

37 90'1 8 157 29 7q7 

11 599 

18 1'18 

13 Oq2. 

2 956 

10 086 'I 839 

5 2q7 

6 591 

2 30'1 

1\ 2.67 

1 620 

2 667 

20 600 

'I 731 

15 869 

4 866 11 003 

2 911 

911 

2 000 

1 197 

803 

5 659 

1 950 J 709 1 411 2 298 

q 221 

960 3 261 

2 363 

898 

2. 779 

875 1 90q 

413 

1 q91 

October 

payroll 

8 156 

2 936 

5 22.0 

2 216 3 OOq 

7 598 

2 902 

q 696 1 838 

2. 858 

9 7q7 

3 660 6 087 2 '166 3 621 

15 q72 5 293 

10 179 

3 669 6 510 

2 881 

1 380 

1 500 

315 

1 185 

23 536 

10 185 

13 351 6 656 6 696 

29 135 6 822 

22 313 

3 832 

18 '181 

q5 7q2 

10 OqO 

35 702 

12 259 2~ qq'l 

1:1 972 

;1 22.6 

10 H6 

5 057 5 689 

q 983 

2 079 

2. 904 

1 Oq2 1 863 

17 q58 q 2qO 

13 219 

3 582 

9 637 

2 525 

963 

1 562 

871 

691 

5 087 

1 8q9 

3 238 1 135 

2 103 

4 767 1 112 

3 655 

2 618 1 037 

2 q61 

873 1 587 

309 1 278 

October 1976 

Full .. tlme 

equiValent 

employment 

9 139 

2 888 6 251 

2 922. 

3 32.9 

9 963 3 322 6 641 

2 959 3 682 

11 560 

q 079 7 q81 3 352 

'I 129 

20 359 6 695 lJ 66q 

5 563 

8 101 

3 qqq 

1 578 

1 866 

q30 

1 436 

21 500 

9 179 

12 321 6 072 6 2q9 

27 458 6 919 

20 539 

3 956 

16 583 

J7 977 

8 560 

29 q17 11 7qq 

17 673 

13 096 

2 992 

10 104 

5 OJ3 

5 071 

6 858 

2 335 'I 523 1 770 

2 753 

20 8qq 

1\ 972 

15 872 

q 816 

11 056 

3 098 

951 

2 H7 1 311 

83(. 

5 689 

2 001 

3 688 

1 538 

2 150 

'I 386 

1 066 

3 320 

2 '122. 

898 

2. 923 

887 2 036 

478 1 558 

October 

payroll 

9 2'13 

3 399 

5 8'1q 

2 606 

3 2.38 

8 395 

3 069 

5 327 

2 099 3 227 

10 868 

q 505 6 363 2 701 

3 662 

17 823 6 272 11 551 

4 072 7 q79 

2 994 

1 q16 

1 578 

287 

1 291 

26 q87 

10 798 

15 689 7 517 

8 171 

32 2.36 

8 212 

2q 02q 

3 950 

20 07'1 

51 603 

11 571 40 032 13 q08 

2.6 624 

15 916 3 885 

12 031 5 733 6 298 

5 319 

2 09<1 3 225 

1 210 

2 015 

18 9q5 

4 801 H 14'1 

3 826 

10 316 

2 867 1 Oql 1 825 1 055 

770 

5 48) 

2 090 

3 39q 1 268 

2 126 

5 357 

1 400 

3 957 

2 895 1 063 

2 HI 

887 

1 85q 

383 1 q71 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

10 12.9 3 165 6 96q 

3 402 

3 562 

10 781 3 581 7 200 

3 q60 3 7qo 

12 705 

'I 338 

8 367 

'I 220 

q 1'17 

21 038 6 80q 

14 2.3'1 

5 606 

8 628 

3 670 

1 652. 

2 018 

523 

1 495 

22. 4q2 9 861 

12 581 6 363 6 218 

28 100 6 912. 

21 188 

q 069 

17 119 

42 192 

10 033 J2 159 12 541 

19 618 

14 097 

3 193 

10 90q 5 598 

5 306 

7 393 

2 '166 4 9l!7 1 981 

2 9q6 

22 295 5511 

16 78q 5 065 11 719 

3 386 

1 123 

2 263 1 392 

871 

5 936 2 133 J 803 

1 621 

2 182 

5 Oq4 

1 205 3 839 

2. 872 

967 

3 087 1 002 

2 085 

446 1 639 

October 

payro 11 

11 61'1 

q 676 6 9:n 

3 176 3 761 

9 573 3 530 6 043 

2 547 3 '196 

12 195 

'I q08 

7 707 3 736 3 971 

19 561 7 563 

11 999 

q a'l3 

7 155 

3 506 1 709 

1 798 

391 

1 q07 

2', qS7 

12 096 

15 391 

8 300 

" 091 

3'1 79q 8 q78 

26 315 q '110 

2.1 905 

60 9J~ 

16 819 

q'l 117 

15 83q 

2.6 283 

19 63.7 

'I 700 H 937 7 926 7 011 

b 057 2 380 3 678 1 38q 

2 29q 

2.1 810 5 L88 

16 623 

4 287 

12 336 

3 376 1 315 

2 061 

1 21'1 

8~8 

6 qS7 2 'Iq1 q 015 1 679 2 336 

6 27q 

1 501 

'I 772 3 522 1 250 

3 12q 1 106 2 018 

378 1 6'10 

October 1978 

FuLL-time 

equivalent 

employment 

10 080 

3 157 6 923 3 380 3 5'13 

10 112 

3 081 

7 031 3 365 3 666 

13 253 6 062 7 191 3 267 

3 92q 

2.2. 890 

7 552 L5 338 

6 368 

8 970 

3 783 

1 706 

2. 077 

564 1 513 

22. 281 

9 671 

12 610 6 q09 6 201 

2.9 006 7 500 

21 506 

q 602 

16 90q 

'12. 952 

10 987 

31 965 

13 30q 

18 661 

lq le8 3 331 10 857 

5 822 

5 035 

7 6q3 

2. 749 q 89q 

1 920 

2 974 

22 q18 5 328 17 090 5 no 

11 720 

3 55<1 

1 206 

2 3q6 

1 '108 

938 

6 066 

2 219 3 eq7 

1 62.3 

2 22'1 

'I 993 1 269 J nq 

2 687 

1 037 

3 251 

1 119 2 132 

~38 

1 69q 

October 

payroll 

11 725 

II 312 

7qIJ 

3 q73 3 9qO 

9 762 

3 326 6 q3~ 

2 675 3 761 

13 820 6 Q70 

7 350 3 151 

'I 199 

22 037 8 721 

13 316 

5 567 7 7'19 

3 956 

1 927 

2 029 

Q'lI 

1 588 

2.9 2.81 

12. 536 

16 746 

9 236 

7 510 

J7 6J3 

9 298 

2.8 335 

5 259 

23 076 

6q 588 

17 471 

Q7 117 

17 087 30 031 

19 q28 

5 356 

14 572 7 259 7 31q 

6 903 

28H 

'I 069 

1 52'1 

2 566 

2q 3q9 6 116 18 232 4 96q 13 269 

3 686 1 q71 

2 215 1 2QO 

975 

6 575 2 377 q 199 1 576 

2 62l 

6 665 

1 68'1 

Q 981 3 525 1 q57 

3 568 1 339 

2 229 

'I2Q 1 e06 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 57 

Table 17. Pertent change in criminal justice system full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

I Employment nnd payroLl-- Percent increase or decrcilse (-) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 t.o October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October. 1919 October 1979 government 

Full-time October Full-time october Full- time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment empLoyment empLoyment employment 

IOWA 10 322 12 909 2.4 10.1 16.2 63.2 17.7 58.3 36.8 158.3 STATE. 3 233 4 721 2.4 9.5 7.8 64.5 21.4 60.8 30.8 164.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 7 089 8 ).a8 2.4 10.5 20.3 62.5 16.1 56.9 39.7 154.8 COUNTIES 3 493 3 787 3.3 9.0 47.8 109.5 28.6 70.9 90.0 257.9 MUNICIPALITIES 3 596 u 401 1.5 11.7 4.6 39.4 6.1 46.5 11.1 104.2 

KANSAS 10 819 11 328 7.0 16.0 25.6 59.0 11. 5 49.1 40.0 137.1 STATE. 4 564 4 884 48.1 46.8 14.3 42.1 36.9 68.3 56.4 139.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 255 6 444 -11.0 .1 32.'1 71.6 1.7 36.2 30.1 135.5 COUNTI ES 2 452 2 270 -27.1 -15.1 54.6 101.5 -11. 9 23.5 36.2 148.9 I~UNICIPALITIES 3 803 II 173 3.7 11. 0 19. I 56.7 6.1 46.0 26.4 128.8 

KENTUCKY. 14 179 16 936 7.0 22.5 45.5 101.8 25.1 73.8 82.1 250.6 STATE. 7 241 9 477 19.4 46.5 33.1 94.7 87.0 158.9 148.9 404.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 938 7 459 -3.5 1.5 53.0 106.4 -7.0 22.5 42.2 152.9 COUNTI ES 2 764 2 902 -15.4 -7.9 71.8 123.2 -15.4 17.7 45.3 162.6 MUNICIPALITIES 4 174 4 557 6.4 8.5 40.9 96.4 -.5 25.8 40.2 147.1 

LOUISIANA. 22 277 23 744 -2.7 7.7 35.3 89.7 17.0 53.5 58.3 191.2 STATE. 6 943 8 870 -8.1 1.7 81.3 135.2 12.0 67.6 103.1 294.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 15 334 14 874 (z) 11.7 20.5 71.0 19.4 46.1 43.9 149.8 PARISHES 6 242 5 792 -2.0 4.0 31.1 62.1 20.8 57.9 58.3 155.8 MUN IC IPALITI ES 9 092 9 082 1.4 17.2 14.2 76.5 18.5 39.5 35.4 146.2 

MAINE. 4 492 4 231 18.7 7.0 28.1 67.6 26.5 46.9 62.1 146.1 STATE. 1 709 2 069 .2 7.4 36.0 69.5 1.7 49.9 38.4 154.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 783 2 161 34.0 6.5 21.7 65.7 48.8 44.1 81.2 138.8 COUNTIES 1 268 508 124.8 15.2 30.4 75.0 155.1 61.3 232.8 182.2 MUNICIPALITIES 1 515 1 654 .1 4.2 18.7 63.4 10.5 39.6 31.2 128. I 

MARYLAND 23 302 33 751 4.6 15.3 17.9 76.6 8.1 43.'1 27.4 153.2 STATE. 10 087 14 215 4.3 13.4 26.2 77.9 12.7 39.6 42.3 148.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 13 215 19 536 4.8 16.7 12.7 75.6 'I.B 46.3 18.1 156.9 COUNTI ES 7 129 11 531 11.2 24.8 27.2 75.4 22.1 73.2 55.3 203.8 MUNICIPALITIES 6 086 8 005 -1.9 6.6 2.5 75.7 -10.1 19.5 "1.8 110.1 

MASSACHUSETTS. 28 988 41 989 -.1 11.6 19.,6 54.2 6.6 44.1 27.6 122.3 STATE. 11 937 16 532 59.2 77.8 29.2 49.5 79.4 142.3 131.8 262.2 LOCAL t TOTAL 17 051 25 457 -20.7 -10.2 16.8 55.8 -16.9 14.1 -3.0 77.7 COUNTIES 1 615 1 860 -611.9 -64.6 48.7 102.9 -59.0 -51.5 -39.0 -1.5 MUNICIPALITIES 15 436 23 597 -8.9 2.3 11.1 48.6 -7.0 27.7 3.4 89.7 

MICHIGAN 42 979 69 116 .1 7.0 22.2 59.0 13.4 51.1 38.6 140.3 STATE. 11 612 19 425 5.7 11.2 24.3 44.6 42.4 93.5 76.9 179.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 31 367 49 691 -1.9 5.5 21.7 62.6 5.4 39.2 28.3 126.3 COUNTI ES 13 329 17 261 .2 1.0 40.6 86.8 14.9 40.8 61.6 163.0 MUNICIPALITIES 18 038 32 431 -3.3 8.0 12.0 52.3 -.6 38.3 11.3 110.7 

MINNESOTA. 14 963 22 893 5.5 14.9 21.4 56.6 .If~. 7 63.8 39.2 156.6 STA·rE. 3 721 6 258 11.7 16.7 7.5 48.3 2~.9 93.8 35.3 187.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 11 242 16 635 3.5 14.2 26.1 58.8 11.5 54.8 40.6 145.8 COUNTIES 6 110 8 532 4.9 17.5 46.1 89.8 26.3 00 " •. " 84.4 220.3 MUN IC IPALITI ES 5 132 8 103 1.9 10.8 12.0 38.6 -2.2 42.4 9.6 97.4 

MISSISSIPPI. 7 885 7 757 3.2 12.4 32.1 76.5 19.6 55.7 58.0 174.7 STATE. 2 726 3 071 -.8 9.1 44.7 99.5 18.3 47.7 71.2 194.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 5 159 4 685 5.4 14.6 26.2 62.9 20.3 61. 3 51.8 162.8 COUNTIES 1 946 1 616 1.4 6.0 78.6 114.0 20.1 55.1 114.6 231.8 MUNICIPALITIES 3 213 3 069 8.0 19.6 7.1 43.9 20.5 64.7 29.0 137.0 

MISSOURI 22 756 26 604 1.5 9.3 17.6 57.0 10.5 52.4 30.0 139.2 STATE. 5 586 7 010 4.B 14.6 26.3 69.7 18.1 65.3 49.2 180.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 17 170 19 594 .5 7.5 15.3 53.0 8.2 48.2 24.7 126.8 COUNTIES 5 587 5 483 4.0 10.5 33.3 67.0 14.8 53.1 53.1 155.6 MUNICIPALITIES 11 583 14 III -1.2 6.3 8.8 48.4 5.3 46.4 14.5 117.3 

MONTANA. 3 515 3 801 -1.0 3.1 23.0 78.3 20.7 50.5 48.5 168.4 STATE. 1 151 1 475 -4.6 .3 5.3 60.2 26.3 53.2 33.1 145.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 364 2 326 .8 5.0 33.2 91.7 18.2 48.9 57.4 185.4 COUNT I ES 1 449 1 331 2.9 7.3 41.7 117.7 21.1 52.8 71.5 232.8 MUNICIPALITIES 915 995 -2.5 2.1 22.2 66.5 13.9 44.0 39.3 139.8 

NEBRASKA 6 654 7 978 9.9 21. 3 30.5 72.3 17.8 56.8 53.6 170.2 STATE. 2 547 3 171 14.8 33.4 52.1 100.3 30.6 71.5 98.7 243.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 4 107 4 807 6.8 14.5 21.4 57.7 10.7 48.5 34.4 134.1 COUNTIES 1 743 1 741 7.4 10.5 24.3 86.1 23.5 53.4 53.6 185.4 MUN IC IPALITI ES 2 364 3 066 6.3 16.9 19.6 45.7 2.9 45.8 23.1 112.5 

NEVADA 5 366 7 651 7.5 14.8 34.2 85.2 27.1 60.~ 70.6 197.2 STATE. 1 355 1 981 6.8 17.6 48.4 92.1 41.1 78.1 109.4 242.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 4 011 5 670 7.7 13.8 30.5 83.2 23.0 55.1 60.6 184.2 COUNTIES 2 924 4 091 8.8 16.1 77.0 153.9 23.7 56.3 119.0 296.8 MUNICIPALITIES 1 087 1 579 4.8 8.4 -22.8 7.6 21.0 52.3 6.5 63.8 

NEW ffAMPSHIRE. 3 499 4 098 7.6 14.9 38.2 75.2 25.9 66.5 74.0 191. 7 STATE. 1 175 1 471 5.0 9.9 56.3 112.4 34.3 68.5 109.8 257.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 324 2 627 9.0 17.9 31.2 59.7 22.1 65.5 60.2 164.3 COUNTIES 492 515 12.3 21.5 68.6 107.4 19.1 66.7 100.8 245.6 MUNICIPALITIES 1 832 2 112 8.1 16.9 23.6 51.2 22.9 65.3 51.9 149.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 
58 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 17. Percent change in criminal justice system full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

NEW JERSEY. • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW MEXICO , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , CCUNHES , , , HUN I C I PAL III ES 

NEW YORK , STATE, • , , , LOC,4L, TOTAL , C(jUNTlES , , • MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES , 

NORTH DAKOTA , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , CoUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO, , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , • MUNICIPALITIES 

OKLAHOMA, " STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , , MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

OREGON , , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

PENNSYLVANIA , STATE, , , , " , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

RHODE ISLAND , , STATE, , , , , 

LOCAL, TOTAL , , MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL, , CoUNrIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES, 1 

SOUTH DAKOTA , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

TENNESSEE" , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , CoUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

TEXAS, , , , , STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES, , , , MUNICIPALITIES , 

UTAH , , , , , STATE, , , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES, , , MUNICIPALITIES 

Oc.tobt;!r 1971 

Full .. time 

equivalent 

employment 

32 989 

6637 

26 352 8 072 

18 280 

3 563 

1 589 

1 97q 

q29 

1 5q5 

110 256 

23 860 

86 396 

17 710 

68 686 

16 q6q 8 579 7 885 

2 q52 

5 q33 

1 629 

qql 

1 188 

530 

658 

3q 283 

8 qql 

25 8q2 

9 216 

16 626 

8 2q8 

2 793 

5 q55 

1 769 

3 686 

7 906 

2 580 

5 326 

2 529 

2 797 

qo 260 9 n8 30 782 6 8q3 

23 939 

3 137 

1 196 1 9ql 1 9ql 

7 189 

2 529 

q 660 

2 q62 

2 198 

1 690 

553 1 137 

q70 

667 

11 571 3 385 

8 186 

2 q96 

5 690 

3q 693 7 263 27 q30 10 137 

17 293 

3 000 

1 HI 

1 859 

6q3 

1 216 

October 

p8)'roll 

27 798 6 266 

21 532 6 260 

15 272 

2 22q 

1 000 

1 22q 

235 

990 

106 8q5 

22 .128 

8q 618 

15 256 

69 361 

10 579 

5 688 

q 891 

1 322 3 569 

1 oqo 

327 

713 

268 

/iq5 

2q 855 6 ~86 

18 595 

5 632 

12 96q 

q 805 

1 828 

2 978 

923 

2 055 

6 332 

2 239 

q 093 

1 856 

2 238 

32 807 

8 256 

2q 551 

3 959 

20 591 

2 389 

93q 

1 q55 

1 q55 

q 2qq 

1 6ql 

2 60q 

1 322 

1 281 

998 

377 

621 

2~q 

377 

7 097 

2 118 

q 980 

1 q27 

35!\) 

22 358 

q 623 

17 790 6 073 11 717 

2 067 

8qq 

1 223 

426 

797 

Sec footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Ful1 .. time 

equiva lent 

employment 

4.1 098 

8 528 

32 570 

11 138 

21 q32 

~ 919 

2 306 

2613 6~0 

1 973 

113 259 

23 119 

90 1qO 

21 097 

69 Oq3 

21 13J 

10 869 

10 26q 

3 600 6 66q 

1 898 

5q5 

1 353 

673 

680 

q3 790 

10 399 

33 391 

11 363 

22 028 

10 q91 qq79 

6 012 

1 580 

q ~32 

9 973 3 qq5 

6 528 3 569 

2 959 

q8 580 

11 268 

37 312 

10 305 

27 007 

3 62q 1 55q 

2 070 

2 070 

10 525 q 311 62H 

3 269 

2 9q5 

2 183 

980 

1 203 

qq2 

761 

15 q22 q ~88 

11 13q 

3 787 7 3q7 

~5 qOO 

10 '/08 

3q 692 H 137 

20 555 

q 22S 

1 q96 

2 732 1 117 1 615 

Oct.ober 

psyrol t 

q~ 251 

9 319 

3q 932 

11 252 

23 680 

q Ho 

1 960 2 180 

q51 

1 729 

lq6 326 

29 q31 

116 895 

2q 6q8 

92 2q7 

17 q62 

9 312 

8 150 2 59B 

5 552 

1 635 

522 

1 113 

q85 

628 

qq 800 

11 q78 33 ;;22 

9 22q 

2q 098 

8 216 

3 716 

q 500 

1 029 

3 q71 

10 786 

3 901 6 8a5 

3 68q 

3 201 

51 q56 

13 880 

J7 576 7 739 

29 836 

3 70q 

1 761 

1 9q3 1 9q3 

8 219 

3 718 

q 501 

2 338 

2 163 

1 876 

885 

991 

380 

611 

13 062 

3 872 

9 189 

2 826 6 363 

qo 503 

10 282 

30 221 

10 859 

19 362 

3 992 

1 555 2 437 

1 007 

1 q30 

Employment and poyrol1 J 

October 1976 

Fu ll .. time 

cquiva lent 

employment 

q2 08q 

9 151 

32 933 11 80q 

21 129 

5 235 

2 q58 2 777 

708 

2 069 

110 622 

2' 38q 87 238 

20 929 66 309 

21 696 

11 159 

10 537 3 770 6 7G7 

1 972 

551 

1 q21 

7H 

707 

q3 '181 

10 218 

33 263 

12 331 

20 932 

10 905 

4 600 6 305 

1 669 

q 636 

10 315 

3 6q2 6 673 

3 687 

2 986 

50 016 

11 351 

38 665 

10 831 

27 83q 

3 919 1 726 2 193 

2 193 

11 223 

q 6qo 6 583 

3 562 

3 021 

2 qlq 

1 189 

1 225 

506 

719 

16 0'18 q 687 

11 361 

3 928 7 q33 

q6 971 

10 626 

36 3q5 

15 235 21 110 

q 690 

1 671 

3 019 

1 295 1 72q 

October 

payroll 

q7 938 

10 939 

36 999 

12 327 

24 672 

q 905 

2513 

2 391 

554 

1 838 

155 092 

30 057 

125 035 

25 387 

99 6q8 

19 918 

10 971 8 9q7 

2 927 6 020 

1 832 

589 

1 2q3 

541 

702 

43 803 

10 883 

32 920 

10 336 

22 58q 

9 198 

q 089 

5 109 

1 105 

q OOq 

11 798 

q 5qo 

7 258 3871 

3 J87 

56 797 

15 290 

ql 508 

8 807 

32 701 

q 292 1 959 

2 333 2 333 

9 337 q 180 

5 156 

2 763 

2 393 

2 Oqo 

1 Oql 

999 

375 

62q 

lq Oq5 4 278 

9 767 3 166 6 601 

q6 Oq3 

12 Oq3 

33 999 

12 q87 

21 512 

q 73q 

1 933 

2 802 1 239 1 563 

October 1977 

Full- time 

equivalont: 

employment 

q5 012 

9 957 

35 055 

12 956 

22 099 

5 697 

2 607 

3 090 

825 

2 265 

117 799 

33 296 

8q 503 

20 302 

6q 201 

22 882 

11 934 

10 9q8 3 9q3 7 005 

2 051 

593 1 458 

717 

HI 

qq 287 

10 707 33 580 13 q75 

20 105 

11 396 

q 6q9 6 7q7 

1 801 

q 9q6 

11 q03 3 9qq 7 q59 q lq8 3 311 

50 922 11 5ql 

39 381 

11 098 

28 283 

q 202 1 678 2 32q 

2 32q 

11 780 

q 8q8 6 932 

3 656 

3 276 

2 297 

986 1 311 

520 

791 

17 728 

5 883 

11 8q5 q Oq3 

7 802 

51 456 

11 469 

39 987 

17 538 2~ qq9 

q 911 

1 78q 

3 127 

1 381 

1 H6 

October 

poyroll 

5q 272 

12 196 

q2 076 

13 811 

28 265 

5 525 

2 673 

2 851 

687 

2 16q 

172 866 

q6 20q 

126 662 

27 106 

99 556 

21 980 

11 939 

10 oql 

3 335 6 706 

2 071 

671 1 qOl 

605 

795 

qq 287 

13 627 

35 6q7 

12 235 

23 q13 

10 532 

q 68q 

5 8q8 

1 279 q 56~, 

13 777 5 107 

8 671 

q 6ql 

4 029 

58 590 

16 52q 

q2 066 9 727 32 338 

5 101 2 q39 

2 662 

2 662 

10 200 

q ~96 

5 60q 

2 92q 

2 680 

2 HO 1 01q 

1 126 

q13 

713 

17 18q 6 172 

11 012 

3 522 7 q90 

51 992 

12 4q6 39 5q6 

15 338 

2q 208 

5 378 

2 179 3 200 1 q28 

1 771 

October 1978 

Full-time 

llquivn lOllt 

employment 

q6 928 

10 021 

36 907 13 782 

23 125 

6 llq 

2 820 3 294 

827 

2 q67 

119 061 

35 048 

8q 013 

18 802 

65 211 

23 820 

12 676 

11 tqq q 170 6 97q 

2 084 

61q 

1 q70 

717 

753 

q8 257 

10 8161 

37 q'l.\ jq 5qO 

22 901 

1'1 515 q 806 6 709 1 812 

q 897 

11 867 

q 016 7 851 

q 610 

3 2ql 

50 736 

12 q61 

38 275 

11 911 

26 364 

q 326 

1 999 

2 327 

2 327 

12 519 5 407 7 112 

3 769 

3 343 

2 367 

1 076 

1 291 

513 

778 

18 q75 5 753 12 722 q 526 

8 196 

52 q71 11 230 

ql 2ql 

18 365 

22 876 

5 282 

1 886 

3 396 

1 q6q 

1 932 

October 

payroll 

59 373 

13 376 

q5 997 

13 582 

30 41q 

6 217 3 109 3 !08 

709 

2 400 

176 328 

51 066 

125 262 

27 090 

98 171 

2q 702 

13 772 

10 930 3 H5 

7 186 

2 262 

751 

1 510 

665 

8q5 

55 172 

15 035 

qo 136 

lq 389 

25 7q8 

11 589 5 090 6 q99 1 q5S 5 QijO 

15 q19 5 595 

9 82q 5 q36 

q 388 

65 68q 17 822 

q7 862 

10 928 

36 93q 

5 635 

2 803 

2 832 

2 832 

11 774 

5 q78 6 297 

3 272 

3 02q 

2 q7(\ 

1 278 

1 195 

q28 

768 

18 619 6 083 

12 537 q 177 

8 360 

58 867 12 713 

46 lsq 

17 5ql 

28 613 

6 551 

2 512 

4 040 

1 618 

2 q22 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 59 

Table 17. ,Percent change in criminal justice system full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment lind payroll-- Percent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1911 to October 1975 to Octo her 1971 '0 October 1979 October 1975 Octobcr 1979 October 1979 government 

Full-time October Full-time October Full-time Octobor Full-time DccabEll' Full-timl I October equivalEnt payroll cquiva lent payroll cquiv.llcnt pi'lyroll equivalent pnyro 11 equivaicilt payroll employownt employment employment employment amp loyment 

----- ---" ,------, 

N~W JfR~IY. ~6 T)f) (.1 0011 -~5 1,.2 ?O.h "J9.1? 11.9 1J?5 01.9 126.8 STArt iO ;Jf.h III ·'00 2." 9.9 28.5 "B.7 20.11 ~7.7 .,'1.7 I 1".6 I.OCAL, TOTAl. 1(> b·'S ~ llH I~" -1.0 ~.I 2 >./'I h2.? I ?2 ~A.Il 111. ~ 1211.5 COUNT I rs. 1'1 IH9 1(, ~9? 1.0 B.ll },.~. 0 79.7 27.11 00.1 75.1' 169.0 ~\lINICIPAll111:S. ?2 1110 II ll~)? _'.1I S.ll 1'1.? ~5.1 lj. ~ !l2.A 2?2 105.9 

NEW MI:XICO. " 457 7 ?I~ ~I .Ii J 6. J ':jA.l rlb.2 31. 'I 7~ •. 1 81.2 22'1.~ 

STATL I (1;'9 I f)l-'i '7.~ n.n '15.1 96.0 :'1." 79.2 90.1, 251. 3 LOCAL, TOI AL. I 42'1 I '10? ". I 19.1 32.11 713.1 11.2 69.A 7 'I. 7 202.5 cntlNTt ES. RHO ""6 6.~ n.1 llfJ.i.:! 91.9 3A. I 92.0 100.1 268.5 MUNICIPAl. [Til!;. 2 ~}u~ ? 1117 11.2 Ill.? 27.7 7Ll. (, 2R.? 6L1. t 60.7 186.6 

NeW YflRK. 119 ,~O 201 0~1 .2 1'1.0 2. '/ 17.0 ~.1I '7. U 1l.2 88.2 STAn 56 9hZ 61 5" I 5.5 20.5 -3.1 32.0 09.9 109.1 5~.9 176.9 I.Or.Al t TOTAl,. A? 'o'/A 139 oOR -1.9 II." /1.1 18.1 -R.'" 19.3 -~. 7 6~.9 

COUNT I (5. 1'1 ;J~H 29 66 $ ?~ 9.~ 19.1 "1.6 -R.·, 20.3 8.7 9~.4 

MlINICIPAlITII.S. 6\ 120 109 8"5 -1.2 11.9 .5 3:1.0 -R.6 19.1 -8.1 58.~ 

NORTH CAROl. INA. 2" ;73 n 45? "Lf, II. I 2A..LJ 65.1 [~.fl ')7.2 49.9 159.5 STATE. n 120 I~ uOA '1.5 11.9 26.7 63.7 20.7 h5.5 52.9 170.9 lOCAL, TOTAL. 11 553 I? Ol.lll 1.7 10.2 30.2 66.6 1;'.6 Ll7. p 46.5 1~6.2 

COUNT! (5. " ~73 " 216 7. I 11.1 Ob.8 9b.r., 2L1. " 6,.0 82.4 220.~ 

MUNICIPAL ITrr~<). 7 080 ./ >107 I.~ 1'.6 27.7 5~. 6 0.2 ~0.6 30.3 118.7 

NORTH DAKO'rA. 2 1'/6 2 Wll 11.4 'I.? In. ~l 57.2 tl.!.6 51.1 31.6 1~7. 6 STATE. 597 766 _;J.R 2.0 21.h 59." 9.5 46.7 15." 110.3 lOCAL t TOTAL. I 579 I '/05 "t.ll It'.9 13.9 56.1 16.7 53.2 32.9 L;9~ t COIJN",;l[S. Ha5 818 11.·' 25.0 77.0 81.0 21.1 r,~.7 53.8 205.2 MUNICIPAI.llllS. 76lJ IlH7 I.~ ~.O 3. I 41. J 

I J?ll 01.2 16.1 99.3 

OHIO. II, 679 5', n5F! -5.3 6.3 27. '/ RO.2 It. ~ 10.9 53.2 136.0 STATE 10 701 1, ouo -1.1 (7.) 23.2 77.0 ?9 .'1. 0 26.8 131. 9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 3~ 97R 4 I 619 -6.6 B.7 29.? 79. ~ ~.A }0.9 35.~ 13~.6 

COUNT I ES. I" 75fl 15 1>95 1.5 9.1 ?3.3 63.8 29.9 70.2 60.1 178.7 MUN IC IPALlTl ES. 20 222 n 92/1 -11. ./ R.' 12.5 85.9 -8.2 15.9 21.6 115." 

OKLAHOMA. 12 028 11 406 7.9 15.7 27.2 71.0 18.5 63.2 50.7 179.0 STATE 5 "21 (, 01,7 1?A 19.2 60." 101.3 21.0 6:1.3 Q4.1 231.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 7 007 7 339 ll.tl 12.9 10.2 51.1 16.6 63.1 28.5 106.4 COUNT I ES. 1 R50 1 697 2.1 I 16. } -10.7 11.5 17.1 64.9 4.6 83.9 MUNICIPAlITILS. 5 157 5 6"2 5.\ 11.9 20.2 6R.9 In.11 62.5 39.9 17".5 

ORtGON. 12 033 17 103 1.4 II.? 26.1 70.3- 20.7 58.9 52.2 170.7 STATE. 3 9h2 5 93~ -1. 3 6.1 33.5 7U.2 15.0 52.1 53.6 165.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 8 07J II 2011 2.1\ 1/1.1 22.6 M.2 23.6 62.8 51. 5 173.8 COUNT! ES. 4 713 (, I 'Ill 2.2 I~.O ilL 1 98. " :12.1 68.2 86.4 233.9 MUNIC [PAL IT! ~S. 3 3511 5 010 3.6 1~.2 ".I! " 1.0 13.5 56.5 20.1 123.9 

PENNSYLVAN IA. 51 373 72 922 1.3 11.0 20.7 56.1! 5.7 ~I. 7 n.6 122.3 STATE 12 270 III 552 -J.~ ".1 11'.9 6(;.1 '1.9 33 • ., 29.5 124.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 39 10) 54 371 ?2 13.6 ?1.2 53.1 ".8 40.7 27.0 121.5 CQUNT! ES. 12 Ell 12 009 2.0 10.4 50.6 95.5 17.9 56.0 77.6 20~.8 

MUNICIPAl ITIES. 26 95? ~2 ,'>02 2.2 14.5 12.8 "0.9 -.2 4J .8 12.6 105.~ 

RHOD~ ISLAND. ~ 412 6 100 2.0 8.3 15.5 55.0 ?1.7 64.7 00.6 155.3 STATE. 2 122 :l 206 6.2 14." 29.9 88.5 36.6 82.1 77.~ 2"3.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 290 2 894 -1 ~ 6 2.? 6.6 33.~ 10.6 ~R.9 18.0 98.9 MUN IC IPAL IT! ES. 2 290 2 894 -1. 6 2.2 6.6 '13.5 10.6 48.9 18.0 98.9 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 13 112 14 887 4.7 26.'1 "6. " 93.7 24.6 81.1 82." 250.8 STATE 5 902 8 08" 9.2 47.6 70.5 12~.6 16.9 1l7.~ 133.~ 392.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 7 210 6 803 1.'1 8.0 33.3 7?8 16.0 51.1 511.7 161.3 COUNT! ~s. 3 943 3 739 4.(1 1".3 32.A 76.9 20.6 59.9 60.2 182.8 MUN1CIPALITIES. 3 267 3 060 -2.3 1.3 3~.0 68.9 10.9 ~1.7 ~8.6 139.2 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 2 548 2 686 7.6 8.6 29.2 88.0 16.7 ~3.2 50.8 169.1 STAT~ 1 190 I 357 10.6 6.2 77.2 13~.7 21.0 53.3 115.2 259.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 358 1 329 5.2 11.2 5.8 59.6 , 12.9 3~.1 19 .~ 11~.0 COUNT! ~S. 566 ~97 10.3 16.1 -6.0 55.7 28.1 30.8 20.~ 103.7 MUN IC IPAL IT! .. 5. 792 832 1.8 8.3 10.1 62.1 ~.1 36.2 18.7 120.7 

TENNESSE~ 18 31"1 19 802 -.9 6.1I 33.3 M.O 18.S 51.6 58.3 179.0 STATE 5 689 6 ~OO -1.1 5,2 26.7 82.8 32.7 65.3 68.1 202.2 LOCAL, TOTAl .• 12 628 13 ~02 -.7 6.9 J6.0 8~.5 13.0 ~5.8 5".3 169.1 COUNTI~S. ~ 917 ~ 788 8.6 1~.6 51.7 ' 98.0 29.8 69.0 97.0 235.5 MUNICIPALITIES. 7 711 8 614 -5.9 3.0 29.1 79.1 5.0 35.4 35.5 1"2.~ 

TEXAS 5/1 978 67 8~6 ".8 15.3 30.9 81.2 21.1 67.5 58.5 203.5 STATE 11 070 111 :\79 -1.~ 13.1 "7.~ 122." :1. " 39.8 52.~ 211.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. "3 908 53 "68 6.5 15.8 26.5 69.9 26.6 76.9 60.1 200.6 COUNT! ES. 19 ~36 19 616 5.8 11.8 39.5 78.8 37.5 80.6 91. 7 223.0 MUNICIPALITI ES. 2~ "72 33 852 7.0 1R.3 18.9 65.2 19.1 7~.8 ~1. 5 188.9 

UTAH. 5 3f 1 7 107 1.3 8.5 "0.9 93.1 26.6 78.0 78." 2~3.8 STAH 1 8'15 2 72~ -1. 6 8.~ 31.1 SQ.2 2~.0 75.2 62.6 222.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 3 4~6 0 382 2.9 8.5 47.0 99.3 28.0 79.8 88.1 258.3 COUNTIES. 1 490 1 813 1.8 12.1 73.7 136.~ 33.4 80.0 131.7 325.6 MUN IC IPAL IT I ES. 2 006 2 569 3.8 6.1 32.8 79.4 2~.2 79.7 65.0 222.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 
60 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 17. Percent change in criminal justice system full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

Emp laymen t and pnyro III 1-----------,---------,---.:..--=----'--.:----,----------,-------------- October 1971 October 1975 October 1976 October 1977 October 1978 

I-----..-------I-------r-------\------.---------\------,,...-----I-------,.--- --,-

Full-time 

equivn lent 

employment 

October 

payrol t 

Full-time 

equlva Lent 

cmp loymcnt 

October 

payroll 

FUll-time 

eqUivalent 

employment 

October 

payro 11 

Yu ll-tlmc 

equiva lent 

employment 

October 

payroll 

Full-t Lme 

cquivn lent 

employment 

October 

payra 11 

VERMoNT. 1 456 

990 

q66 

2 46q 

1 070 1 683 1 533 1 7~9 1 685 1 B99 2 015 1 903 2 097 

STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

VIRGINIA. 

STATE, • , •• LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , • MUNICIPALITIES 

WASHINGTON , STATE •••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

WEST VIRGINIA, 

STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

WISCONSI~. , STATE, . , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

14 768 

5 731 

9 037 

2 917 6 120 

12 352 

q 318 

8 034 

3 480 

4 55q 

775 1 112 1 062 1 176 1 167 1 200 1 380 1 2e6 1 q87 29q 571 q71 623 518

1 

699 635 617 610 

1 2q 14 S2 35 51 34 49 35 

293 5q7 457 571 q83 6qB 600 568 575 

Ig ~~~ 2g ~~~ 1~ ~~~ 2~ ~t~ 2~ ~gg I 2~ ~~~ fi ~J~ fci ~~~ f! ~~~ 6 233 10 960 10 035 12 164 11 816 12 968 13 247 13 711 15 001 

2 187 q 170 3 958 4 851 5 060 5 279 5 8tl 5 711 6 731 

4 047 6 790 6 077 7 313 6 757 7 689 7 q36 8 060 8 270 

10 096 13 866 15 073 14 7q4 17 195 15 599 19 43q 16 522 22 173 

3 585 4 Sq6 4 995 4 572 5 q23 5 042 6 q37 5 436 7 236 6 554 9 320 10 079 10 172 11 772 10 557 12 997 11 086 14 937 

2 518 5 036 4 917 5 300 5 667 5 456 6 268 5 963 7 551 

4 036 q 28q 5 161 q 872 6 104 ~ 101 6 728 5 123 7 387 

3 885 2 137 4 842 • 3 633 5 2q3 q 295 ~ 913 5 167 6 010 5 837 

1 503 877 1 893 1 qq4 ? 070 1 8q8 2 684 2 538 2 728 2 800 

2 382 1 268 2 949 2 189 3 173 2 q47 J 229 2 629 3 282 J 037 

1 116 560 1 441 922 1 560 1 Oq5 1 621 1 216 1 619 1 qll 

1 266 708 1 508 1 267 1 613 1 q02 1 608 1 414 1 663 1 626 

15 477 12 6qO 17 543 18 261 17 973 20 521 18 66q 22 677 18 967 24 851 

3 922 3 579 4 681 5 049 4 702 5 621 4 890 6 201 5 229 7 197 

11 555 9 132 12 862 13 212 13 271 14 900 13 7H 16 476 13 738 17 654 

4 160 3 154 5 000 4 769 5 179 5 447 5 491 6 089 5 726 6 80q 7 395 5 978 7 862 8 443 8 092 9 45q 8 283 10 387 8 012 10 8ij9 

WYOMING" 1 170 703 1 719 1 408 1 862 1 688 2 036 1 959 2 172 2 336 

STATE, •• , , q54 298 601 563 612 670 6q9 750 671 86q 

LOCAL, TOTAL , 716 405 1 118 8q4 1 250 1 018 1 387 1 209 1 501 1 473 

COUNTIES , , , 302 165 527 354 601 q48 683 530 737 658 __ ~M~UN~I~C~I~P~AL~I~T~I~E~S~L_ ______ 4~1~4~ ______ ~2q~0~ ______ ~5~9~1-L ______ ~~~9~1~ ______ ~6~q~9~ ______ ~5~70~ ______ ~70~q~------_6~7~9~ ______ ~7~6~q-L ______ ~8~1~5 

See footnotes at: end of table. 
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 61 

Table 17. Percent change in criminai justice system full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October '1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 government 

Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time 

equivalent equivalent equivalent equivalent equivalent October 

employment payro 11 employment payroll employment payre 11 employment payroll employment payroll 

VERNONT 1 883 ~ 269 -1.1 B.2 15.6 l13.j J 1.9 48.0 ?9.3 

STATE 1 233 1 607 -4.1 B.l 12.3 37.0 JO.9 51.3 24.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 650 662 5.3 8.5 22.5 60.2 13.11 40.6 39.5 

COUNTIES. 5B 47 18.4 34.3 1 100.0 I 300.0 1/11.7 235.7 2 800.0 

MUN IeIPAL1Tl ES. 592 615 4.2 7.0 17.9 56.0 B.2 34.6 27.6 

VIRGINIA. 25 007 29 146 3.4 JO.O 3"/.0 87.2 23.6 5 .~. U 69.3 

STATE 11 326 12 793 8.7 11.3 6J ./\ 126.0 22.2 U2.8 97.6 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 13 681 16 353 -.7 9.0 21. :5 61. 0 2 /1.8 63.0 51.4 

COUNT I ES. 5 623 7 029 -1.5 4.U U3.0 81.0 34.8 7"1.6 92.8 

MUNICIPALITIES, 8 058 9 365 - 12.1) JO.9 50.2 IA.7 53.4 31.7 

WASHINGTON. 16 581l 25 27'1 .4 14.0 12.3 49.3 19,6 67.7 34.3 

STATE 5 399 8 445 .7 16.7 5. :; .'9.3 18.R 69.1 25.0 

LOCAl., TOTAL. 11 189 16 829 .9 12.7 J6.0 53.~ 20.1 67.0 39.3 

COUNT! ES. 6 202 8 520 4.0 J2.R 44.7 95,3 23.2 73.3 78.2 

MUNICIPALITIES. 4 987 8 30B -2.7 1?5 -5.9 27.9 16.4 61.0 9.5 

WEST VIRGINIA 6 199 6 419 3.1 10.0 ?/1.6 70.0 28.0 76.7 59.6 

STATE 2 795 3 099 2.5 10.7 2,.9 64.7 47.6 114.6 86.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 3 U04 3 320 3.7 9.3 23.f\ 72.0 15.4 51.7 U2.9 

COUNT! ES. 1 694 1 465 4.6 3.8 29.J 6 /

1.6 17.6 5B.9 51.8 

MUN IC I PALITI ES. 1 710 1 B55 2.8 14. I J9. \ 79.0 13. /1 t.t6.t.t 35.1 

WISCONS IN 19 1~1!2 27 OJ6 2.5 8.7 13.3 4U.5 10.8 47.9 25.6 

S't"ATE 5 722 Il 249 9.4 14.6 19.4 Ul. \ 22.2 63.4 45.9 

I.OCAL, TOTAL. 13 720 III 766 .1 6. :, IJ.3 44.7 6.7 42.0 JB.7 

COUNTIES. 5 814 7 556 1.5 10.8 20.2 51.2 16.3 58.0 39.8 

MUNICIPALITIES. 7 906 11 230 1.3 3.5 6.3 41.2 .6 33.0 6.9 

WYOMING 2 417 2 942 11.3 25.9 46.9 100.3 40.6 108.9 106.6 

STATE 764 1 043 13.9 20.7 3?4 88.9 n.l 85.3 68.3 

LOCAL, TOi·AL. 1 653 1 898 10.1 28.9 56.1 J08.4 t17.9 124.9 130.9 

COUNTIES. ·'97 B92 8.1 35.6 74.5 llU.5 51.2 152.0 J63.9 

MUN Ie IPALITI ES. 856 1 007 12.0 23.6 42.8 104.6 4U.1l 105.1 106.8 

- Represent.s zero or rounds to zero. 

Z Less than half the unit of measurement shown. 

112.0 

107.4 

125.2 

46.0 

J 09.9 

187.2 

222.7 

162.4 

221.4 

DO.4 

150.3 

135.6 

156.8 

238.4 

J05.8 

200.4 

253.4 

I" 1. 8 J 6J. 6 

162.0 

l1Z.7 

130.5 

105.5 

138.9 

87.9 

318.5 

250.0 

368.6 

4UO.6 

319.6 

IData for municipalities, and the local government.s totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject. to sampling variation; data for counties (boroughs, parishes) 

basp.d on a canvass of all ceunty governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variation; see text for dat.a limitations. Payroll amounts are in thousands of dollars. 
Section III. POLICE PROTECTION 
POLICE PROTECTION 63 

Table 18. Percent change in police protection total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and type of 

government: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of 'fotal expend i ture 2 Percent: Incrca'lc or decrease (0 ) 

government 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 1979 

!:iTATES-LOCAl, I TOTAL 5 361 Jill H 325 5~7 ~ 416 6()4 I 10 099 1155 11 1(1F\ 407 II n{'lI ';.ed 6.2 ~~.~ l-l? :'> 1;>1.5 

STATES y'l2 2,l4 I 57'1 HR.9 I 7>l'l 1.171 I 963 975 2 Olfl 2?a ;- 150 Oll? (,. (, (,}.'; 3(, • . ~ I.lU.6 

LOCAL, TOTAL 4 409 0 115 6 AI'I 005 7 723 5HIl " '04 366 ~ 2RI 141} Y 111,\2 079 6.5 u1.J /p).t) I?O. I 

COUNT! rs 7:ll 032 I 303 99' I 500 46 , I 6"38 089 I A3~ f11(J ? 041 90'1 II. 4 7~" •• , !;6.6 1'1<1.5 

MUN1CIPALITI tS \ 775 520 5 574 03; C> ;>'/9 0'10 , 7JI2 5Lt9 7 5)-1 911 ~ 'I 9U.~ ~l?5 5.11 I'·l.h liP'. ~ 110. '

1 

ALABAMA liB 6,57 B9 ,!,lJH 100 ll!')~ 108 '191 121 9114 1311 n06 10.4 r~~. 7 ~IO. 7 176.0 

STATE 10 719 ?2 3% 711 UUI\ 27 959 \0 5'1'5 29 R62 -1.7 t<:H.1J 35.5 17~.6 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 17 935 67 139 76 081 01 {)llLJ 9;> 512 IG5 92 } ttl. ~) 77,0 57,n 179.? 

COUNTIES. 7 162 11 12fJ !II 0511 1(' 560 17 179 21 ;>;>? 2.3.5 ~~.II QC,.7 196. } 

HUN 1(" IPAI_IT Irs. SO "'7/' !J6 O~II 62 1'/1 64 1l9? 7~ '\70 HII "1'36 12. ~) A?,O 51. S 17').5 

AI,ASKA. 13 297 27 01)0 }6 028 4::! 9':'17 47 3117 5S 26H 12.1/ 1 G~. "1 '96.(, ~OO. (1 

STATl. 'J IIIH I" ~, .31' ;;0 On£! ;>11 21PI 21~ 5tH 26 119 (1.5 1l;>.9 56.1 IH5.5 LOCAL, TOTAl •• II 179 10 48 } 1:) fJht 19 alA 22 H75 27 16' IA. " 150./\ 159. t ~50.0 

HOROllG/iS. tI<Jt) I 7fW 'I"> 1 195 I l(}r) ? 11':.11 1011, J ;:'~B.~ 37.0 j91.1 

MUN IC IPAI 1'1'1 (S. II Ill? 10 II s\ I; !JP..6 1'1 ~A4 ;>1 6T-J iltl '116 ;>1.::- lll-J. r, 1%.9 1191,0 

ARIZONA !l~ '194 117 t)7h 13f) lib? J/I6 50R 157 2HI, lll~ U",'1 I'I.~ 112. tI ~7.;> 211.1. ;> 

STATI~ \3 903 ,l? 671 3? 7()H ,12 nl '16 ~?I '14 ;'79 71.? 1 ~~J. 0 ~~). ':l ;; l1Lf) 

LOCAL, TOTAl.. 41 591 H5 SI? 10l 229 II'1 668 121 7,1 14 } 615 11\.0 105. I 613.1 245.3 COUNT 1 f.S. Il 637 19 512 2'1 781 25 55R 25 119 10 777 n.~ 1;>".1 5"' ,,(, 256.; MlINICIPALITILS. ;2 961l 1>, 81.J6 711 I)UR 89 IllJ W' ',7 112 %5 J".H ')9.7 7L6 2112.·' 

ARKANSAS. 211 650 16 7,'2 112 B3B 118 051 55 956 ~}n 681 4.9 il'LO ~9.H 1 >H,I STAn 6 S5ll 10 969 12 444 l.\ 1102 17 006 II> 15') -~.I 72.5 !J°t.l 15jo.H 

LOCAL, TOTAl.. 18 Q07 25 8;>9 30 4!)l) 511 552 59 0,17 117 :;87 Y. I 56.6 61..1.,) I 125.2 COUNT I f.5. I 069 6 }/l S '/ 913 <J 072 10 4?9 Ii 00 5 211 • ., 108.0 1 O~. 7 I ;;>,.7 

MUNICIPALlrlf.S. 15 A6'> 19 615 22 !)9l) 2~ ,21 711 695 29 72(1 ~. 6 2 1.6 ~1.6 A7.11 

CAl, !f'ORN I A. 722 170 I 157 706 I 251 Q71l I }'/4 1~2 I 1140 07''- I ~IO 828 IJ.') !)7. r, 52.8 109.7 STATE 1111 091 230 'J06 24/l 041 269 635 253 3.35 279 797 10./J '12.2 21.2 101l.'1 I.OCAL, TOTAL, 59,l 25Q 916 41l1J I 013 610 I 115 120 I 200 575 I 2t~ j 67il I.h 5".5 15.7 109.6 COUNTI ES. 1b2 761 273 7611 ~9L1 953 314 92,l 342 490 552 610 '.n (,8.2 28.1l 116. b MUNICIPALITIES. «42 277 66'S 915 741 n} 829 5Q5 895 tl9", 9,}5 '/21 Q.'> ~,o. 1 110. I) 111.6 

COLORADO. 4~ 777 100 0:10 117 577 142 039 1·,9 570 1/111 210 ~ •. 5 1'0.3 In.o 229. '

1 STAn: A 772 16 128 16 69/> 21 623 211 220 22 4A8 -7.2 83.9 ~9 .'~ 15b.Q LOCAL, TOTAL. 35 006 Ill! '129 100 89< 120 Q2'I II ~ 365 121 '156 5.5 1112.0 4 1.7 2 117.8 COUNT I ES. 5 953 10 ·/65 III .I9B 18 947 19 070 21 712 13.9 1l1.!1 101.7 261 •• 0 MUN Ie IPAL IT I ES. 29 07'1 73 999 86 625 101 683 Yb q!)9 100 1117 '.9 1511 .5 }5.4 2"".6 

CONN I:CTI CUT 83 221 117 236 125 114 138 283 lq6 958 172 915 17.7 110.9 II'/, 5 107.11 STATE III 773 23 8111 21 576 27 492 30 }41 B 52} 10.5 61.7 40.4 127.0 I.OCAL, TOTAl .. 68 7011 95 319 103 063 III 7111 117 585 140 8'14 19.8 38.'1 117.1l 105.0 MUNICIPALlTlf.S. (,8 713 95 511 103 3'7 112 276 117 890 I111 278 19.8 ;9.0 "7.9 1 O~.6 

DELAWARE. 1« 811 22 0611 24 208 26 92:; 10 1I}5 " ~07 10.0 49.0 51.7 12H,9 STATl 6 794 10 101 10 515 II 713 I"l OliO 14 !J!l9 11.5 IIB.7 44.1 114, I lOCAL, TOTAL. 8 017 II 978 13 693 15 214 1/\ 0011 19 490 8. I 49.4 62.7 III }.1 COUNT I LS. 1 837 5 529 Q 271 4 945 6 472 '/ 610 17.6 92.1 115.6 3111.5 MUNIC IPAl.tr I£S. 6 180 B «119 9 «76 10 ·~Ll3 II (d5 II 8AI 2.1 S6.7 40.6 9;>.2 

DISTRICT OF 

COI,UMS IA: 

lOCAL, TOTAL. 85 1A6 97 056 94 HI8 90 'S45 911 895 10? 98} 11.1 14.0 6.1 20,9 

,LOR IDA 169 787 SI4 507 ,181 870 411 104 444 419 lin 6!l!l 10.9 1l~.2 56.6 109.2 STATE 29 278 liB 275 49 865 63 607 65 907 66 985 1.6 64.9 38.8 128.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 140 6.3~ 266 271 332 128 348 573 S79 230 '~77 21 I 12.7 89. :S flO. It 203.8 COUNT I ES. 49 249 94 726 119 34 \ 128 5n 1411 657 172 69lt 16.2 92.3 82. :' 250.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 91 565 1'/1 59:; 212 9Q6 222 240 235 5J9 258 750 10.8 (\7,4 50.8 182.6 

GEORG IA 71 4211 142 785 158 576 166 9~2 1911 903 1911 802 2,0 99.9 \9.2 178.3 STAT!: 13 328 \0 838 31 839 18 073 «8 «01 42 204 -12.8 131.4 36.9 216.'1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 58 nIl III 'I'll 126 957 129 1118 146 7114 I ~'I 766 7.5 92.6 40.9 /71.« COUNT I ES. 16 8'14 56 719 43 3\2 '19 860 53 /114 09 679 11.7 117.6 62.5 253.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 112 173 77 205 85 008 89 821 93 570 98 37. !I 5.1 82.2 27.4 132.0 

HAWAII. 26 154 56 608 41 290 117 5112 56 401 55 416 -5.; 110.0 45.9 10«.2 STATE 271 228 I 291 I 472 I '/'19 2 ,l80 36.9 -15.9 9Q 5. 9 7.8 lOCAL, TOTAL. 25 883 36 380 59 999 46 070 54 662 51 663 -5.5 40.6 112.0 99.6 COUNT lES. 5 653 9 479 'J 618 II 092 I;> 241 12 506 2.2 67.7 ,lI.9 121.2 MUN I C IPALIT I ES. 20 230 26 908 :'0 381 34 978 42 421 39 157 -7.7 35.0 45.5 9;.6 

IDAHO 12 089 20 224 24 604 27 814 ; , 80A S9 09« 15.6 67.3 9 >. 5 22'1.11 STATE S 956 II 799 5 9J4 6 «02 ') 183 10 229 11.4 21.} 111.1 158.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 8 134 15 495 18 755 21 5112 24 799 26 ORI 5.2 90.5 6R.~ 220.6 COUNTIES. 2 555 5 311 7 OM 8 466 II ;>8'/ 9 653 -14.5 107.9 Ill. I! 277.8 MUN IC IPALIT IF;S. 5 579 10 350 11 90) 13 }75 16 242 16 8J9 '5.7 85.5 62.7 201.8 

ILLINOIS. . 357 291 ;l3 .\59 633 022 6}8 199 68; 2!l9 74/l 311 9.2 «.1.6 45.8 109.4 STATf 4,S 763 6,1 807 /10 352 69 f,26 78 162 91 6'11 17.0 45.8 Q3.7 109.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. '115 1189 '152 018 526 190 568 610 60A 999 662 911 8.9 LJ3.3 46.7 110.1 COUNTI LS. 22 420 39 a95 49 5911 50 198 56 891 62 566 10.0 77.9 56.8 /79.1 MUNICIPALITltS. 293 094 1112 887 1171 520 519 975 551 66h 602 290 8.8 40.9 115.9 105.5 

INDIANA 86 598 l'51 775 151 594 1'10 882 177 869 187 679 5.5 52.2 112.4 116.7 STATE 21 2«2 3; 409 38 876 45 1165 4 \ 638 46 71.l 7.0 57.3 ~9.8 119.9 l.oeAl, TOTAL. 65 927 98 371 I 112 723 125 4:S2 U4 4'11 1«1 121 4.9 49.2 4 I. 5 114.1 COUNTIES. 8 532 15 2,38 18 664 20 061 22 1611 25 498 15.0 78.6 67. I 19A.9 MUN ICIPAl.lT I[S. 57 400 8} 156 94 11, 105 740 112 690 115 685 2.7 Q4.9 39. I 101.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 
64 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 18. Percent change in police protection total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and type of 

government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total expenditure2. Percent increase or decrease (-) 

government 1 

1971 1975 1976 19"17 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 1979 

IOWA. 48 207 68 954 77 706 90 779 98 041 106 148 8.3 L13.0 53.9 120.2 STATE • 15 608 19 107 19 744 23 83R 28 39B 27 723 -2.4 22.4 45.1 7'1. (, 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 32 603 49 9~5 57 981 67 031 71 110 78 441 10.3 53.2 57. I 140.6 COUNT! ES. 5 224 9 435 13 013 15 504 16 876 19 002 12.6 BO.6 101.4 263.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 27 478 41 094 45 897 52 760 55 888 60 329 7.9 49.6 46.0 119.6 

KANSAS. 36 689 55 592 65 412 71 119 76 167 82 806 8.7 'i.,,,, 49.0 125.7 

STATE. 8 709 11 154 13 207 12 413 13 225 14 984 13.3 2~. 34.3 72.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 27 982 44 462 52 207 51l 707 62 945 69 128 9.B 58, " , 55.5 147.0 COUNT! ES. 5 272 9 529 11 835 13 908 13 982 16 653 19.1 80.'/ 74.8 215.9 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 22 779 36 098 40 925 46 644 50 767 54 361 7. I 5B.5 50.6 138.6 

KENTUCKY. 47 036 85 285 103 910 116 782 125 031 133 330 6.6 81.3 56.3 183.5 STATE • 16 246 24 116 32 024 44 962 50 373 51 525 2.3 48.4 113.7 217.2 LOCAL. TOTAL. 32 362 62 822 72 097 79 337 81 848 88 268 7.8 94.1 40.5 172.0 COUNT! ES. Il 150 17 859 20 101 20 773 24 301 25 028 3.0 119.1 40.1 207.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 24 236 45 509 52 325 58 864 57 866 63 437 9.6 87.8 39.4 161.7 

LOUISIANA. 75 826 135 579 161 364 158 110 180 040 198 628 10.3 78.0 46.5 162.0 STATE • 22 2M 32 889 40 101 40 991 45 625 65 970 44.6 47.6 100.6 196.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 60 467 102 759 121 445 119 739 135 006 153 931 14.0 69.9 49.8 154.6 PARISHES. 21 027 38 066 46 941 47 577 56 122 65 947 17.5 81.0 73.2 213.6 MIJN IC IPALITI ES. 39 458 6Q 847 74 627 72 300 79 277 88 073 11. I 64.3 35.8 123.2 

IMINE. 16 139 25 982 28 702 30 961 33 197 35 557 7.1 61.0 36.9 120.3 STATE. 5 498 8 297 9 039 8 740 10 346 10 305 -.4 50.9 24.2 87.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 642 17 686 19 697 22 230 22 856 25 252 10.5 66.2 42.8 137.3 COUNT! ES. I 016 2 283 2 291 2 467 2 748 3 604 31.1 124.7 57.9 254.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 9 626 15 427 17 441 19 839 20 505 22 067 7.6 60.3 43.0 129.2 

MARYLAND. 127 783 185 916 208 566 215 830 240 154 256 458 6.8 45.5 37.9 100.7 STATE • 46 523 62 904 100 117 100 460 109 400 124 672 111.0 35.2 98.2 168.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 107 656 147 569 163 661 170 292 186 692 200 289 7.3 37.1 35.7 86.0 COUNTIES. 42 562 71 65~ 80 939 88 578 99 348 115 621 16.4 68.~ 61,4 171, 7 MUNICIPALITIES. 65 162 76 271 83 101 82 649 87 524 84 755 -3.2 17.0 11.1 30.1 

MASSACHUSETTS • 168 }"/6 281 883 308 1172 324 679 333 460 357 417 7.2 67.4 26.8 112.3 STATE • 18 !l59 QO 860 39 088 4q 292 46 666 q7 883 2.6 116.7 17.2 153.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 149 ~,18 242 66, 270 698 282 015 290 461 312 202 7.5 62.3 28.7 108.8 COUNTI ES. 876 1 135 1 435 1 369 I 508 I 953 29.5 29.6 72.1 I 122.9 MUNICIPALI"rIES. 148 647 241 561 269 294 281 194 289 056 311 217 7.7 62.5 28.8 I 109.4 

M ICH IGAIt. 2q5 820 391 059 433 200 464 489 52~ 872 559 302 6.6 59.1 43.0 127.5 STATE • 39 366 66 905 72 754 77 616 91 880 110 061 19.8 70.0 64.5 179.6 LOCAL, TOTAl. 208 297 326 131 362 921 388 353 439 708 4611 445 5.6 56.6 42.4 123.0 COUNT I ES. 24 234 ~4 151 54 056 60 646 64 286 68 409 6. ~ 82.2 54.9 182.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 185 048 285 807 ,13 311 332 537 381 187 402 697 5.6 54.5 40.9 11'1.6 

MINNESOTA. 65 718 110 812 132 268 145 675 1~6 888 171 412 16.7 68.6 5 LI.7 160.8 STATE • 9 917 22 lA4 26 49, 30 314 34 671 33 919 -2.2 123.7 52.9 242.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 56 759 92 748 109 483 119 ~08 121 936 138 203 13.3 63.4 49.0 143.5 COUNTIES. 11 650 22 242 26 759 28 083 29 822 34 710 16.4 90.9 56.1 197.9 MUNICIPALITIES. 45 920 71 704 83 73LI 92 467 94 093 107 213 13.9 56.1 49.5 133.5 

MISSISSIPPI 33 345 53 :83 59 9?6 64 796 66 305 71 3BO 7.7 60.1 33.7 114.1 STATE 10 808 20 267 22 381 23 329 23 886 21 916 -8.2 87.5 A.l 102.8 LOCAL. TOTAL. 22 5LI8 33 133 37 556 42 072 42 946 49 493 15.2 46.9 49.4 119.5 COUNTI ES. 4 694 8 652 8 790 10 633 11 012 11 770 6.9 84.3 36.0 150.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 17 866 24 5:'7 28 883 ,1 471 31 987 37 821 18.2 37.3 54.1 111. 7 

MISSOURI. 106 813 164 416 181 4~9 201 035 219 5AB 23q 680 7.3 53.9 L12.7 119.7 STATE • 17 082 24 603 27 167 30 729 34 544 36 856 6.7 44.0 L19.8 115.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 89 780 140 243 154 673 170 307 185 044 197 885 6.9 56.2 41.1 120.4 COUNTI ES. 12 400 20 704 23 917 26 369 31 214 36 276 16.2 67.0 75.2 192.5 MUNICIPALITIES. 77 413 120 216 131 418 Iq4 423 154 733 162 064 11.7 55.3 34.8 109.3 

MONTANA. 10 583 19 400 22 622 26 621 27 934 30 LI18 8.9 83.3 56.B IA7.4 STATE. 3 481 4 189 5 038 6 6q8 6 675 7 789 16.7 20.3 85.9 123.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 7 550 15 271 17 655 20 053 21 356 22 692 6.3 102.3 48.6 200.6 COUNTIES. 2 743 5 919 7 377 8 211 8 985 9 849 9.6 115.8 66.4 259.1 MUNICIPALITIES: 4 817 9 493 10 602 12 256 12 837 13 599 5.9 97.1 43.3 182.3 

NEBRASKA. 26 807 40 445 44 928 49 827 51 755 59 731 15.4 50.9 47.7 122.8 STATE. 6 229 9 488 10 915 13 368 12 416 14 341 15.5 52.3 51.1 130.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 20 578 30 984 34 040 36 460 39 340 45 393 15.4 50.6 116.5 120.6 COUN1IES. 3 143 5 715 7 131 7 921 9 045 10 569 16.8 81.8 84.9 236.3 MUN IC IPALIT I ES. 17 493 25 461 27 040 28 800 30 747 36 017 17.1 45.5 41.5 105.9 

NEVADA. 23 245 39 690 42 945 46 332 48 981 53 818 9.9 70.7 35.6 131,5 STATE. 3 127 3 911 6 666 6 879 6 8"2 7 875 15.1 25.1 101.4 151.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 20 119 35 779 :16 279 39 454 42 149 45 959 9.0 77.8 28.5 128.4 COUNTI ES. 7 392 23 405 24 167 27 170 27 513 29 910 8.7 216.6 27.8 304.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 12 727 22 963 23 975 25 309 27 098 31 052 f 14.6 80.4 35.2 144.0 

NEW HI\MPSHIRE • 14 319 22 794 25 194 30 481 34 408 37 235 I 8.2 59.2 63.4 160.0 STATE • 3 774 6 858 7 093 6 393 8 700 8 977 

I 3.2 81.7 30.9 137.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 11 392 17 177 19 081 24 100 25 755 28 260 9.7 50.8 64.5 148.1 COUNTIES. 639 1 085 1 126 1 450 1 723 1 887 9.5 69.8 73.9 195.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 10 752 16 110 17 981 22 988 24 486 26 615 8.7 49.8 65.2 147.5 

See footnotes at end of table. 
POLICE PROTECTION 

Table 18. Percent change in police protection total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and type of 

government: fiscal years 1971·1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State .nd type of Total qxp(!ndicure2. Percent increase or decrease (.) 

gove rnme n t 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 

NLW .J1:.f(~LY ;',/1 ~ U');, "lti3 0!Jh l~! 'J ·.1·~'d W:i; 7HO Int~ qOI~ :,U'·) Il;'~ 7 fl.'" o8.Q 33.0 

~)TATL.. 3 /1 ;75 0" 'J0I

J II;' d:11 fI') !i::>l '''; HI ("r !lq 1.:-".U 1);' .• 3 ;':'1.(' 

LOCAL, 'IOTAL ~OU 7BB X:q Ht)6 ).J'l (I,' ~ :j7~) t{O; ql~ t,to; I~ :h t,il6 ~,. :!. ';)'1.1 34.1 

COUNrIl:S 11 bu;'. lq 1'}<;J 1 ;11 (jut) ;.;) Lt!jO (_'1 ... ·'0 J. 171 ~:,.Q 'II. 'I ull.q 

NUf'llC [PAL 111 t.:5 1'1:' l~'.q }O~ ~; '5 ntl 7(jl ~IO llUO "$q ~ ~;'" '!OJ llO ~ :~. : ~().(I :'; .0 

NL\\t Nl.XICO ;: ,~ 930 n J3d'l IIlI ;-47 47 6;'.'/ ~l; v(d ~,u ;'li3 :.;).~ ~h.3 :>3.8 

STATl. 7 478 10 7;~'l 1; 3'11 ]'$ 77'> I', t:Jfl:' ll; ~'j7 _'~l.\i £l3.~ ~6.6 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 hOl ~"1 th,q ~j; 1'''' 311 01<1 3'1 610 II :~I HQ; : c."I (. ~~ . :, f,Q.H 

(OUhlT 1 L!.. " ~)ti4 " ,'0:) 7 0"/; ., hOB 

" H!t1 " 7"'1 11.1 1011.!f Il~." i-1UNICIPALITIL~ Iii UTI j.! ;~ 30;, :',~ 1; ~ ; u (.7/1 ;'1' n;';: :1:t ; (ll) 1(..0 08.n ~ ~I.O 

NCw VOI{K '10;' lQ" 1 HiD 7'.)7 1 314 h10 1 311/1 (,t13 1 ,; 6 von ! 6r)') 1 )') -1 .£~ )0.'" 1~3. 6 STATL. 7q 409 110 W5Q II;·. 138 11"1 lhO 116 tHYl :;'"$ 3H:i ~.(1 4B.4 11. 'I LOCAL, lOTIlL 8£'B 598 1 071 1l4:l I ;>011 u3l l 1 ; 30 1~! I (dO :):)U 1 ~J -/; 13'1 -; .4 ;,n.L, 4(,.7 COIJ(IITIl5 III 3Qd 171J u17 !F.u U&O ; 0'1 ll'J>, 4;'<1 l~hR ;',1) hlP, 1'.; ',6.8 1m.8 

11UNH; IPIILlll!:.S 717 3~4 903 Q70 1 014 ~}1':1 1 ()~ H 0:)7 1 !.h;- 7'.), 1 3T', 1;; -ll.e) 2fl.O ll~. IJ 

NO"TIi CAf{OLl.hiA Il" ~)61.1 1'14 i! ~~ '1 i ~ll 8.'in I',;. hlb llil 0711 19& ;:/)(, !l.1i 70.~ 36.1 STATL. ;'.5 77';) ;q 977 '14 1!.J;'. lIb ltd lU 1;'l,J '1/; j'lh 1; .< GIl.1 <.1. a LOCAL, TOTAl. 60 7Q:, 104 8~0 111 on 1;.7 IlQ7 15l} ;11 1~O ;'~l -;.(1 7;). !J lU • .5 COUNTlC~ 15 7q! 2u IJIJB 2B ~)~C) :'HI elll 38 3.'111 LL) ;:7!J 1;·.·. 93.!J bO.1j 

NUNICIPALnlC~. 11" O.H 'Ill 6811 83 Qt.3 '1'~ '!QY 10;: 54Q 107 qat! '1. ~, 67.3 37.,' 

NORTH DAKOTA fl 91H I, ~1" I') Q,1 It< !J70 18 Ollh ;-t .:77 17. 0 LJO • .3 70.1 STilT!.. 1 7~8 ? ~!1" ; ~6t, II 3b:J 3 189 , 700 lb.O J6.4 ~).,. a LOCAL, TU1 At 7 lq" 10 lbl 13 1'1 ,'18 1'1 86~ 17 'JH~ 10.3 lU.;' 73.1 COUllill £$ 1 402 ; !Jot) , OWl -; '11,; j 81)6 " Ollq ;''1.& 71l.3 10;".0 ·"1UN Ie.: JPAL IT lL5 " 8011 'I uflQ 10 ;.;.'1 10 WIt' 11 '78 : ! (hlQ l:J.:S 3~.1 6'.;.7 

01111) ;,17 qbl 3;~~$ 2b /t '7B ;_Uq ;(")5 t) ~t, 'IOB !lEi/I IIll n OIl! f~. q 411.3 38.7 !il All. ~9 7b8 'In 1118 '11 1)18 ~ III 1 Ull ')11 ");)11 ~J :J til" ;'.7 6~.1 13.6 LOCAL, lUTIlL lUll Ij;':7 ,,74 £176 330 87 ~ :~IIU BtLI 51)~J o:)tl 311 'J 77 ! 10.0 LP}.7 43. !) 

COtJNTIl~ Z3 196 311 17'1 3(1 75.-' 11(1 ~·;:O ~Jo 113~ ~Jb ~'67 5.1 6LJ.6 ~;':.6 

I1UN Ie IPI\L IT 1£.£ lu7 161 ;',7 tlOt ~ II] ~)tJ·1 ; q;~ 1.0; ,00 LIQ'l 3,,8 £1(:6 1;. .6 l~;c) • 0$ 42.:5 

OKLAilOI·11I 40 2l1q 0; ;,:~~, 7 ,~ QO;' 01 I'll-. lO\.) ISh 00 Ii!'}') -. ~, :,,7.;' bB.O STAH. 10 4311 1il OLL!! n 'J~ ~) ;'8 U~~B ;l;. O(,~) ;~ Ot "?, -;'1.R "j,l.O Yl.0 LOCAL, 'tOTAL. %() U37 l~b -,;'0 '1; 4&', C.3 ?'II flU ;.~~? 711 H')!) 0.7 'Jl.O 6~,. 3 

COUNT I LS '1 500 'J II];: " ',',1 7 ')'J(' ., tl06 7 7:1 (J 11.1 ;5. (1 IJ/~ • 1 

MUNICIPALITIL~ ;-~ :) !)..51 30 {lll~' '1(, WlB ',!) 'nH nU (1"5;- /,( IOn 10.1 ~tJ.IJ (,8.0 

ORll.lON Wl 2?'.J IlU (,07 u t .$'J" 10; ; 51! 1'0 H~·~ 1,.'11 ;'B(, h.": 70.7 ':)<.1.1 

STATL. 1% lOt ~O 6~)J ~ 01 3JO tOb 310 36 Den 51 876 -J 1." 70.7 ~4. 3 LOCAL, rOTIlL .5~ 12!J &0 7 C1C) 6'1 030 77 Jfl7 B6 9"S(1 nf! l~ ~~ L'>.;'· 73. I 62.0 COUIH I es <) £:7!J 1'1 .,IB ; 4 bB8 ;;() 0')6 30 70(, 3ft 10)13 1; .• 11 110.'1 76.8 MUN IC IPAl. J T J LS 26 no 41 <)02 11~ ;'89 .,0 ~7B '>7 061 (,I.) 700 1 ~J. 1 5(1. ~I ~6.B 

PCNNSYLVANIA 281 149 42. 000 460 6)0 £19'3 00, ~30 51n ~64 blilf h.ll ~0.1 33.8 STATL. 61 997 10" ,5;'11 119 ~}q6 I'll ll;:l 123 ;'-'oB 1;,0 ;~112 -?~ 73.1 12.0 LOCAL, TOTAL i!2.·' 196 31 ~ ~q~ l"? 113 lao II ~)7 40B 116 litH} en;' o.~ 38.9 4 1.6 COUNT IlS " 6Sq 10 098 13 ob2. III Oll~: 17 005 1'1 8Q, 10.8 77.5 97.0 MUNICIPALITIES 2:C!1 7011 .;06 875 330 ll:,t) ',70 O~3 50, 400 ll?H 6!)6 9.0 38.4 :!!0.7 

RHOO~ ISLAND ;':2 088 3;' 309 -S~ 06lt 'Iu 3,·7 47 040 ll<1 '150 5.) 46.5 ~l:" .8 STATE. 3 013 6 o<J7 7 :.>65 B 678 11 :'>7~ 17 3Flo 7.0 90.6 84.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 18 891 ;·6 !)lq :'U b30 32 9~'B 3D C)74 38 789 '1.9 40.4 1~6. , 

MUN IC II'AL IT 1 ES lU 1391 ~~6 ~19 28 ~) '0 5;': 9_'j2 ~6 974 38 '1uq l~. ':I 40. 'I 1~6. :s 

SOUTH CA~OLlNA 3(, 825 71 l!.>O 'IH 488 87 6(r~ ?'l ~~lB lOu tjC10 0.4 93.2 ~O.O 

STATe. 11 ~)74 23 6'1? ~:Il 870 ;':'1 263 ,'0 968 'l6 1196 17.9 10ll.3 !>ll.LI 

LOCAL, TOTAL 25 276 W, 801 53 983 60 7'17 67 7'11 70 8::'3 '1.5 B9.1 lIB.2 

COUNT IES 8 !>76 18 3110 22 280 ;!LI n3 ,'" 22 I ;:q 766 9.3 111.9 62 .. 3 MUNICIPALITIL~ 16 702 ;~9 483 31 886 3:) 800 '10 ~6;- '11 '117 ;' .1 76.!.> LID. ~) 

SOUTH OAKOTII 9 543 14 637 20 Rbll ;:1 10', 22 19Q 23 Ql0 7.7 ~.3. 4 63.4 STIITE. 3 034 'I 6~1 5 334 5 686 (, '109 6 77fl 0.8 ~3.3 '15 • ., 

LOCAL, TOTAL (, 5~J2 9 987 1~ r)'J5 1 ~l '136 PJ 816 17 1'>0 8.5 05.1 71.8 COUNT 1 ts 1 389 2 63'1 7 242 :, 7hD 'I 058 6 064 2:'.. ·3 89.6 DO.? MUN IC IPAL IT Ir,S 0 135 7 082 B tl~b 10 009 11 2M II 425 1.4 47. 'I 00.7 

TENNESS!:.E. 09 763 109 7:~9 117 2B7 13(, 332 1~8 q35 1bB 6 ?,.O -.2 133.6 Ltlt.6 

STAll. 10 8.53 "I 87/l 17 352 25 381 27 ISO ;';. 529 -17.1 6,.0 ;-6.0 

LOCAL I TOTAL 11B 948 "2 l~b 100 ;:'74 III 36Lt 131 7a8 136 686 ,3.7 88.2 'Ill. 4 COUNT n.5 !l 8.5B 14 8bi 16 2B6 11 311 ~>4 3411 28 fJ86 10.1 68.2 q~.o 

MUNICIPALITIES 40 120 77 3!>7 84 ~14 02 601 108 029 107 773 -.? 92.B )Cj.3 

TEXIIS. 190 701 ,!.W, 277 403 7lH ft!)ll !:l7.5 486 194 0.37 736 10.6 7-'. b '4.B STATE. 20 702 68 765 8~\ 411 99 403 89 858 8, 923 -ll. tf 131., e'tl.O LOCAL, TOTAL 166 097 ::711 663 318 ~OO ~~!J 322 :,se}l3 927 4~2 304 13.4 6".8 (I?.j; 

COUNT ItS 24 65" 110 178 '18 LUd ,2 q66 61 6(13 67 879 10.1 83.2 50.2 MUN IC IPAL IT I £S 141 ~84 :!34 025 270 820 3D..!! 30~ DB ,6tl 38~ 9Q, 14.0 65.3 60.0 

UTAH 16 51n 35 014 39 5.36 '12 426 ~9 ,21 ~1 q&~ 4.1 99.0 87.7 STATe. 4 ~l12 B H66 11 197 12 62q 19 OJ2 18 863 -.9 lJo.2 112.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 11 977 24 ito~ <8 461 ~O 362 41 20Q 'lQ 137 7.1 10Q.2 80.5 COUNTltS .5 OIB 6 4'n 8 B64 9 263 11 C)28 13 01, 9.1 6'1.4 102.0 MUNICIPALITIES B 061 HJ 028 19 611 21 161 29 660 31 1~3 b.O 123.6 72.8 

Sec footnotes at eod of table. 

" 

65 

1979 

111.'1 

13:'J.(, 

11 0.7 

W;'." 

106.7 

IW;.6 

C/u.D 

16'1.'1 

t7().O 

lLHl.3 

67.Q 

(l~.B 

BrJ.8 

133.3 

d3. !o 

13;.1 

1\.)3. ;, 

1'17 .2 

213.ll 

l;'O.6 

1.38.6 

11'1.1 

1'14.4 

; (,0.1 

1211.0 

106.0 

87.5 

109. a 

Ib1.2 

lO;'.!> 

1'16.2 

140.2 

1~1.0 

81.0 

16;'.9 

171.6 

163.LI 

180.3 

;,7:-.1 

l!JO.l 

100.8 

93.9 

96.'1 

~tI9. 7 

93 • .3 

1?3.9 

~o~.b 

10,.3 

1 o~. 3 

189.7 

215.j 

180.;~ 

2L1'I. I 

1'18.0 

1!J0.6 

123.'1 

163.1 

336.6 

122.5 

165.4 

10B.0 

17Q.2 

22.8.0 

168.6 

174.8 

18fJ.3 

172.3 

17~.3 

172.6 

275.1 

310.3 

268.5 

232.2 

286.0 

<~:,., "";"'~'O)' Co'±' ';::~'~:;"'_'o'h'~·ot:·.:·;~.t"":oi<:·'c'.~'! ... "",'l-:t ,{" •• " .. ~. ""~; _'~':'!·_"!'-'h';;;t--"P~o:I.-t·,. __ 1"j.~. 
66 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 18. Percent change in police protection total expenditure (direct andintergovernmenial) by State and type of 

government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total cxpe:ndicure z Percent increase or decrease (-) 

government I 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 1979 

VERMONT. 7 902 12 084 13 522 15 718 16 q69 15 790 -11.1 52.9 30.7 100.0 

STATE. II 198 5 670 6 368 ., nq 8 6118 7 3~6 -1~ .9 30.1 29.7 75.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL 3 71q 6 q21 7 1~7 7 994 7 821 8 445 8.0 72.Q 31.5 127.11 

COUI~T IES 8 37 193 193 186 249 3~.() 362.5 573.0 3 012.0 

~IUNIC IPALlTICS 3 714 6 Lt50 7 011 7 923 7 749 8 469 9.3 73.7 31.3 128.0 

VIRGINIA 91 014 153 929 175 463 17~ 836 190 652 208 945 9.6 69.1 ,5.7 1;:9.6 

STATE. 27 880 49 416 5l.f 077 61 !>68 114 367 51 220 15.q 77.2 3.7 83.7 

LOCAL, TOTAL 64 219 106 760 121 386 1311 441 1

'

16 290 107 941 8.0 66.2 47.9 1Il~.9 

COUI~T IES 21 058 39 99q 116 '.JlIO Ij~ 110 61 9!>6 68 600 10.7 89.9 71.0 ??b.8 

I1UNICIPALlTlCS 113 169 66 966 7; 039 79 908 85 021 S9 537 ~). 3 55.J. 33.7 107. 11 

WASHINGTON 78 414 119 570 139 009 1!>2 205 163 231 180 878 10.8 52.5 51.3 130.7 

ST ATE. 16 621 27 220 27 591 33 IIBLI 3, 062 38 338 9.3 0:1.8 110.8 130.7 

LOCAL, TOTAL 61 822 92 389 111 425 118 880 128 769 142 626 10.8 49. 11 54.Q 130.7 

COUNT IES 13 452 28 071 :12 6WI :'it~ OS4 40 QLl3 47 987 19.8 108.7 70.9 2!J6 • ., 

NUN IC IPAI~ IT I E.S 49 682 65 870 80 ll95 87 313 O? 328 97 q06 5.5 32.6 47.9 96.1 

WEST VIRGINIA. 18 991 3q Lla9 38 142 III 261 Llq 16~) h4 681 11.2 81.6 !)8.~ 188.0 

STATE. 6 915 13 412 14 710 1~ 157 18 ;oq3 2" 177 16.1 04.0 !)7.Q 206.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL 12 164 21 080 23 L/47 26 107 30 933 33 tJI0 8.3 73.3 1)9.0 115.5 

COUNTIES 2 721 4 978 4 937 7 007 9 101 10 029 10.2 82.9 IOI.!) ?-68.6 

MUNICIPALITIES 9 463 16 11q la 533 18 670 21 858 23 017 7.6 70.3 45.9 148.5 

WISCONS IN. 110 085 102 101 17~ 372 197 319 201 371 216 469 7.5 38.2 42.3 96.6 

STATE. 11 917 21 04a 2q q77 27 261 21 OB6 26 805 27.1 76.6 27. LI 12LJ.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL 99 267 133 016 152 800 172 281 181 082 191 808 5.9 3q.0 q'I.2 93.2 

COur~T I ES 18 588 28 079 34 857 38 208 Ijq 279 48 323 9.1 51.1 n.l 160.0 

I1UNIC IPALIT I CS 80 682 105 132 118 528 135 003 137 074 lqll 6q2 0.5 30.3 37.6 7Q.3 

WYOMING. 6 02Q 11 367 13 8Q9 19 628 20 5!lJ 2Q 602 19.9 88.7 116.9 309.2 

STATE. 1 635 3 175 4 965 5 805 5 662 5 218 -7.8 9Q.2 6403 219.1 

LOCAL, TOTAL 4 395 8 194 8 890 13 831 14 898 19 LI/j6 30.0 86.4 137 • .3 3L12.5 

COUNT IES 1 121 2 730 3 124 5 395 5 r,35 6 382 1~ • .1 143.5 133.8 Q69.3 

MUNICIPALITIES 3 27L1 :; 019 5 816 8 499 9 430 13 160 39.6 68.6 138.11 302.0 

IFor each Seaee, and the United States summary, the expenditure figures shown on the IILocal, total" line and the combined sente-Iocal total line (t.he data shown opposite the 

names of the individual States) exclude duplicative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. 'Chls was done to avoid the artificial in£lation wh!c:h would result if an Lnt{!r&overn~ 

mental expenditure amount for one government is tabulnted and t.hen counted again when the recipient government(s) ultimately expend(s} that amount. 

tData for municipalities, llnd the local governments totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject to sampling variationj data for counties (boroughs, parishes) 

are based on a Canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject to s.1mpling variation; see text for data limitations. 
68 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

,government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

Stat.e and type of 

government 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL • • • • STATES • • • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

ALABAMA. •• • STATE ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ALASKA • STATE ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • BOROUGHS ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARIZONA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES • 

ARKANSAS. :STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CALIFORNIA. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

COLORAOO • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

CONNECTICUT. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

DELAWARE • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

DISTRICT Of COLUMBIA I 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

FLORIDA. • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

GEORGIA ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

HAWAII ••••• STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

IDAHO ••• 

STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

ILLINOIS.. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

INDIANA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

'172 063 

69 372 402 691 

68 847 

33J 84q 

5 845 1 116 4 729 

842 

3 887 

364 

4 552 1 023 

3 529 

896 2 633 

3 143 

580 2 563 

454 2 109 

53 525 

9 570 

43 955 12 103 

31 852 

4 393 

801 

3 592 

702 2 890 

7 124 1 089 6 035 6 035 

1 329 

539 

790 

187 

603 

5 935 

16 828 i. 129 

"4 699 4 966 

9 733 

8 153 

961 7 192 1 ~90 

5 ~02 

2 351 

34 2 317 

496 1 821 

1 371 

254 1 117 

391 

726 

30 :!' 1 3 094 

27 117 1 950 

25 167 

8 424 1 501 6 923 

988 

5 935 

October 

payroll 

388 926 

55 668 

333 258 

52 588 

280 670 

3 553 

732 2 821 

506 2 315 

828 

476 

352 

352 

3 605 

835 2 771 

637 2 134 

1 634 

319 1 315 

190 1 125 

53 779 

8 438 

45 341 12 087 33 254 

3 223 

593 2 630 

399 2 230 

5 942 

920 

5 021 

5 021 

946 

383 

563 

125 

438 

5 417 

12 065 1 456 

10 609 

3 503 7 106 

5 154 

667 4 486 1 120 

3 366 

1 922 

24 1 898 

420 1 478 

845 

173 

672 

177 

496 

29 179 2 893 

26 286 1 533 24 753 

5 835 1 074 4 761 

570 4 190 

See footnotes at: end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

555 849 

92 445 

463 404 

89 273 

374 131 

7 520 1 505 6 015 1 131 4 884 

1 156 

589 

567 3 564 

6 552 1 498 

5 054 1 234 

3 820 

3 493 

712 2 781 

695 2 086 

61 389 11 685 

49 704 13 766 35 938 

7 084 

949 6 135 

972 5 163 

7 556 1 346 6 210 6 210 

1 505 

687 

818 

221 

597 

5 492 

23 285 

3 046 

20 239 7 351 12 888 

12 123 2 240 9 883 

3 191 6 692 

2 434 6 

2 428 

551 1 877 

1 779 

280 1 499 

559 

940 

33 301 

3 532 

29 769 

3 113 

26 656 

10 547 2 020 B 527 1 370 7 157 

October 

payroll 

606 599 

97 737 508 B62 

90 874 

417 988 

6 094 1 295 

4 799 

B42 3 957 

1 9B2 1 091 

891 

3 

888 

6 720 1 601 5 119 1 194 

3 925 

2 457 

597 1 860 

427 1 433 

81 876 13 726 68 150 

19 335 

48 815 

7 342 1 067 6 275 

777 5 498 

8 137 1 403 6 733 6 733 

1 526 

668 

B58 

273 

5B5 

7 053 

23 990 2 7B9 21 201 7 555 13 646 

9 640 1 808 7 832 2 516 

5 315 

2 72B 5 

2 723 

635 

2 OB8 

1 401 

278 1 123 

359 

764 

40 355 4 125 

36 230 2 913 

33 317 

9 196 1 985 7 210 1 038 6 173 

Employment and payroll I 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

556 926 

90 8B4 

466 042 

91 817 

374 225 

7 488 1 503 

5 985 1 199 4 7B6 

1 206 

658 

548 4 544 

6 730 1 501 

5 229 1 192 4 037 

3 796 

812 2 984 

707 2 277 

61 520 11 861 

49 659 13 884 

35 775 

7 114 

960 6 154 1 031 

5 123 

7 554 1 360 6 194 6 194 

1 493 

648 

B45 

253 

592 

4 968 

24 323 2 988 21 335 

7 563 13 772 

12 359 2 265 

10 094 

3 330 6 764 

2 503 

94 

2 409 

531 1 B78 

1 983 

322 1 661 

640 1 021 

34 816 

3 571 

31 245 

3 264 

27 981 

10 799 2 077 B 722 1 459 7 263 

October 

payro 11 

659 370 

105 620 

553 750 

99 632 

454 11B 

6 4B8 1 :l23 

5 165 1 033 

4 132 

2 394 1 405 

989 5 9B4 

8 361 1 711 6 649 1 339 

5 310 

2 756 

6B7 2 069 

. 471 1 598 

91 093 

15 877 

75 216 21 091 

54 125 

7 B24 1 112 6 712 

905 

5 807 

8 615 1 310 7 305 7 305 

1 6B8 

721 

967 

343 

624 

7 331 

26 191 2 991 

23 200 7 847 

15 353 

10 768 2 326 

8 442 2 763 

5 679 

3 186 

lOB 3 079 

697 2 381 

1 653 

323 1 330 

440 

890 

43 427 4 357 

39 069 

3 224 35 845 

9 8BO 2 161 7 719 1 IB6 6 533 

October 1977 

Full- time 

equivalent. 

employment 

573 5B2 

93 674 

479 90B 

96 635 

383 273 

8 185 1 535 6 650 1 273 

5 377 

1 347 

664 

683 

25 

658 

7 023 1 600 

5 423 1 266 4 157 

4 048 

834 

3 214 

770 2 444 

62 745 11 195 

51 550 

H 105 

37 445 

8 219 1 022 7 028 1 106 

5 963 

7 716 1 418 6 298 6 298 

1 499 

649 

850 

250 

600 

4 783 

24 649 

3 125 21 524 7 862 

13 662 

12 867 2 441 10 426 3 537 6 889 

2 537 

96 

2 441 

578 1 863 

2 132 

338 1 794 

749 1 045 

34 472 

3 475 

30 997 

3 303 

27 694 

11 187 2 327 

8 860 1 522 7 338 

Oct.ober 

payroll 

723 767 116 294 

607 4n 122 434 

485 040 

7 845 1 704 6 Hl 

1 150 

4 991 

2 799 1 456 1 343 

69 1 274 

8 988 1 976 7 012 1 437 

5 575 

3 .!72 

73'1 l 638 

544 2 094 

97 224 15 592 

90 903 

32 008 

58 894 

8 219 1 191 7 028 1 065 

5 963 

9 745 1 791 7 954 7 954 

1 852 

821 1 032 

371 

660 

7 910 

28 588 3 528 25 059 

9 073 

15 987 

11 688 

2 475 

9213 

3 160 6 053 

3 486 

119 

3 367 

818 2 549 

2 039 

366 1 674 

611 1 062 

'17 261 4 323 42 938 3 520 

39 417 

11 001 2 534 

8 467 1 255 7 212 

October 1978 

Full-tlma 

eqUivalent 

ernployment. 

582 178 

92 443 

489 735 

99 889 

389 846 

8 469 1 526 6 943 1 295 

5 648 

1 408 

674 

734 4 730 

7 337 1 609 

5 728 1 315 4 413 

4 101 

855 

3 246 

861 2 385 

60 069 

9 421 50 648 14 078 

36 570 

7 231 

989 6 242 1 186 5 056 

7 825 1 444 6 381 6 381 

1 619 

729 

890 

258 

632 

4 637 

25 371 3 Q·15 

21 956 

8 767 13 189 

12 512 2 245 

10 267 

3 648 6 619 

2 641 

102 2 539 

609 1 930 

2 245 

487 1 758 

750 1 008 

34 863 

3 665 31 198 3 326 27 872 

10 712 2 106 

8 606 1 413 7 193 

October 

payroll 

768 828 122 337 

646 491 124 757 

521 735 

8 976 1 877 7 099 1 3Jl 

5 769 

3 089 1 488 1 601 6 

1 596 

10 685 

2 180 8 505 

1 733 6 772 

3 507 

856 

2 651 

621 2 030 

96 321 14 660 

81 661 

23 127 

58 534 

9 354 1 337 8 017 1 265 6 752 

10 491 2 028 

8 463 

8 463 

2 078 

946 1 133 

372 

761 

8 053 

32 100 q 011 

28 089 11 658 16 431 

12 757 2 740 10 017 3 671 6 345 

3 690 

132 

3 558 

848 

2 710 

2 335 

571 1 764 

663 1 101 

50 880 

5 836 

45 044 

3 894 41 14~ 

11 486 2 578 

8 908 1 309 

7 599 
POLICE PROTECTION 69 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Employment and puyroll-- Percent inc.reasE. or decrease (-) Continued 

October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1911 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

State and type of 

government. 

Full-time October Fu ll- time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-t lme October equiva tent payt:o it equivalent f.lnyro 11 equilin lent payroll equivalent parro 11 equilin lent puyro t 1 employment empLoyment emp layment employment emp loymen!: 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL 580 ~~8 839 760 -. -I 9.2 17.7 56.0 '1.4 38. 'I 22.9 115.9 

STATES 91 595 130 915 -.9 7.0 D.3 75.6 -.9 53.9 32.0 135.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL q88 855 708 845 -.2 9.6 15.1 52.7 53.0 39.3 21.'1 112.7 

COUNT I ES 103 255 137 40q J.tl 10.1 29.7 n.8 15.7 51.2 50.0 161. 3 

MUNICIPALITI ES 385 598 571 qq 1 -1.1 9.5 12.1 'IB.9 3.1. 36.7 15.5 103.6 

ALABAMA. 8 606 9 577 1.6 6.7 ~n. 7 71.5 111.11 57.2 '17.2 169.5 

STATE. 1 450 1 799 -5.0 -q.2 34.9 76.9 -3.7 .IS.? 29.? 1115.8 

LOCAL, TOTAL 7 156 7 778 ~.1 9.6 27.2 70.1 19.0 G2.1 ~l. ~ 175.7 

COUNTI ES 1 406 1 537 8.6 15.5 511 • .\ 66.'1 2'1.:1 02.0 67.0 203.8 

MUNICIPALITIES 5 750 6 2'11 l,B 8.2 25.6 70.9 17.7 57.7 47.9 169.6 

ALASKA 1 '108 3 626 - 17.4 55.1.1 139.4 21.8 02.9 89.2 3.17.9 STATe. 6011 1 540 -10.'1 J.5 55.0 129.2 2.5 '11, 2 58.9 223.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL 80'1 2 086 9.5 30.3 55.6 153.1 '11.8 1311.1 120.9 '192.6 BOROUGHS 42 1111 950.0 I 800.0 .100.0 500.0 1 500.0 5 700.0 (x) (x) 

14UN IC IPAL IT IES 762 1 971 11.'1 23.6 54.9 152.3 35.1 122.2 109.3 '160.5 

M!?ONA. 7 665 11 617 q.5 0.7 43.9 86.'1 17.0 72.9 68.4 222.2 

STATE. 1 581 2 351 -1.4 7.8 46.'1 91.7 5.9 q6.8 55.1 181.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 078 9 266 6.1 8.9 '13.2 811.7 20. ~ 81.0 72.2 23q .4 

COUNTIES 1 q21 2 Ot~2 8.1 17.8 37.7 87.4 15.2 71.0 58.6 220.6 r4UNICIPALITItS II 657 7 22q 5.5 6.7 115.1 83.9 21, 9 8U.l 76.9 238.5 

ARKANSAS II 237 3 875 3.3 10.5 11.1 50.q 21. 3 57.7 311.8 137.1 STATE. 90q 9117 5.7 10.6 :22.8 87.1 2"1.0 58.6 55.9 196.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 5 333 2 928 2.7 10.4 8.5 q1.4 19.8 57.'1 30.0 122.7 COUNTIES 972 767 12.9 23.5 53.1 1211.7 39.9 79.6 1111.1 303.7 MUNICIPALITIES 2 361 2 161 -1.0 6.5 -1.1 27.IL 13.2 50.1l 11.9 92.1 

CALIfORNIA 61 634 108 205 2.6 12.3 111 • ., 52.2 .'1 52.2 IS .1 101. 2 STATE. 10 976 17 692 16.5 20.7 22.1 62.7 -6.1 28.9 111.7 109.7 

LOCAL. TOTAL • 50 658 90 513 (2) 10.0 13.1 50.3 1.9 32.8 15.2 99.6 COUNTIES 14 2211 2q '170 1.0 5.8 13.7 60.0 3.3 26.6 17.5 102.q MUNICIPALITIES 36 433 66 Oqq -.4 12.8 12.8 46.8 -1,4 35.3 14.4 98.6 

COLORADO 7 487 10 703 3.5 14.4 61.3 127.8 5.7 '15.8 70.q 232.1 STATE. 1 003 1 671 l,q 25.0 18.5 79.9 5.7 56.7 25.2 181.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 484 9 032 3.9 12.7 70.8 138.6 5.7 43.9 tlO.5 243.4 COUNTIES 1 313 1 '189 10.7 17.7 38.5 9'1.7 35.1 91,6 87.0 273.2 MUNICIPALlTICS 5 171 7 5q2 2.3 11, 7 78 • ., 1'16.5 .2 37.2 78.9 238.2 

CONN ECTICUT. 8 028 11 873 2.6 13.2 6.1 36.9 6.2 115.9 , 12.7 99.8 STATE. 1 q99 2 289 3.8 12.9 23.6 52.5 11.'1 63.2 37.6 l'IB.8 LOCAL, TOTAL • 6 529 9 584 2.3 13.2 2.9 311.1 5.1 42.3 8.2 90.9 MUNICIPALITIES 6 529 9 584 2.3 13.2 2.9 311.1 5.1 42.3 8.2 90.9 

DELAWARE 1 639 2 219 1.2 6.B 13.2 61.3 B.9 '15.11 23.3 13'1.6 STATE. 749 1 031 2.7 9.0 27.5 711.q 9.0 54.3 39.0 169.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 890 1 189 - '1.9 3.5 52.11 0.8 38.6 12.7 111.2 COUNTI ES 274 III 7 6.2 12.1 18.2 118.4 211.0 52.7 46.5 233.6 MUNIC IPAL IT I ES 616 772 -2.5 1.q -1.0 33.6 3.2 32.0 2.2 76.3 

DISTRICT Of COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL I TOTAL q 802 8 374 3.6 '1.0 -7.5 30.2 -12.6 18.7 -19.1 511.6 

fLORIDA. 26 159 3q 079 3.1 6.2 38.4 98.8 12.3 42.1 55.4 182.5 STATE. 3 17q 3 844 -7.1 -q.2 43.1 91.6 4.2 :17.8 49.1 16q.o 

LOCAL, TOTAL 22 9B5 30 235 11.7 7.6 '7.7 99.8 13.6 42.6 56.'1 185.0 COUNTIES 8 979 11 715 2.'1 .5 118.0 115.7 22.1 55.1 80.8 234.4 14UN IC IPAL IT I ES 1q 007 18 520 6.2 12.7 32.4 92.0 8.7 :15.7 q3.9 160.6 

GEORG IA. 12 488 1:1 308 -.2 4.3 '18.7 87.0 3.0 38.0 53.2 158.2 STATE. 2 083 2 458 -7.2 -10.3 135.1 171.1 -7.0 36.0 116.8 268.5 ~OCAL, TOTAL '. 10 405 10 851 1.3 8.3 37.q 7q.6 5.3 38.5 4LJ.7 lQ1.9 COUNT! ES 3 781 3 929 3.6 7.0 68.8 12U.6 18.5 56.2 100.1 250.8 MUN IC IPALlT I ES 6 62Q 6 921 .1 9.1 26.2 57.6 -1.0 30.2 24.9 105.6 

HAWAII 2 698 3 533 2.2 -4.3 3.5 41.9 10.8 29.5 1Q.8 83.8 STATE. 122 1'12 19.6 1.6 -82.'1 -79.2 1 933.5 2 740.0 258.8 4~J. 7 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 576 :I 391 1.5 -4.7 ll.S 43.5 6.1 24.5 11.2 78 • ., COUNTIES 573 802 5.9 -5.Q 11.1 51.2 4.0 26.3 15.5 91. 0 MUN IC IPAL IT I ES 2 003 2 589 3.8 -4.5 3.1 '11. 3 6.7 24.0 10.0 75.2 

IOAHO. 2 217 2 519 1.2 7.9 29.8 65.8 24.6 79.8 61.8 198.1 STATE. 449 57Q 7.8 .5 10.2 60.7 60.4 106.5 76.8 231.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 768 1 9'15 .6 10.3 34.2 67.1 17.9 73.2 58.3 189.4 COUNTIES 7'19 735 -.1 10.9 43.0 102.8 :Ill. 0 10'1.7 91.6 315.3 MUNICIPALITIes 1 019 1 211 1.1 10.0 29.5 5'1.0 8.4 58.5 110. /1 lQ4.2 

ILLINOIS 35 633 54 710 2.2 7.5 10.2 38.5 7.0 35.6 1"1. 9 87.5 STATE. 3 702 5 857 1.0 .4 1'1.2 112.6 11.8 42.0 19.7 102.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 31 931 48 853 2.3 8.5 9.8 37.8 7.3 311.8 17.8 85.9 COUNTIES 3 344 II 256 .5 9.3 09.6 90.0 7.'1 46.1 71.5 177.6 MUNICIPALITIlS 28 587 Q4 596 2.6 8.Q 5.9 '".6 7.2 3~.9 13.6 80.2 

INDIANA. 11 319 12 819 5.7 11.6 25.2 5"1. 6 7.3 39.4 3h .ll 119.7 STATE. 2 222 2 997 5.5 16.3 _~II. 6 011.8 10.0 51.0 "8.0 179.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 9 097 9 82~ 

I 5.7 10.1 25.2 51.4 6.1 ~6. 2 "!Ii.il 106.3 COUNT I ES 1 599 1 5'13 13.2 17.9 38.7 82.1 16.7 4S.7 61.8 170.7 MUNICIPALITIES 7 498 8 279 Q.2 B.9 20.6 117.5 '1.8 34.1 26.3 97.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 
70 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and qpe ot government 

IOWA • , , STATE, , , , LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES •• , MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

KANSAS , • , • STATE ••••• l.OCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • , • MUNICIPALITIES 

KENTUCKy, , •• STATE, •• , , LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES , • , MUNICIPALITIES 

LOUISIANA. STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • , PARISHES. , • MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

MAINE •• STATE, 

LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , • , MUN IC IPALIT IES 

MARYLAND • STATE, •• , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES •• , MUNICIPALITIES 

MASSACHUSETTS. STATE, , ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

MICHIGAN •••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • , • MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

MINNESOTA. 

STATE, • , • , • '. LOCAL, TOTAL, I 

COUNTIES • , , MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

MISSISSIPPI ••• STATE, • , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , COuNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSOURI • , STATE. , • , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES •• , MUNICIPALITIES 

MONTANA. , • STATE, , •• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

NEBRASKA •• STATE, ••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , • MUNICIPALITIES 

NEVADA, .,' 

STATE., • , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES. , , MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW HAMpSHIRE. , STATE, , , • , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Fu ll-time 

equivalent 

empLoyment 

q 598 1 HI 

J qS7 

559 2 898 

q Oq5 

662 J 383 

600 2 783 

q 811 1 1q2 3 669 

897 2 772 

8 651 1 197 7 qSq 

2 559 q 895 

1 665 

q06 1 259 

117 1 1q2 

10 888 1 832 9 056 3 588 5 q68 

H 733 1 262 13 q71 

23 1J qq8 

19 173 2 681 16 q92 

1 9aq 

1q 508 

6 290 1 006 5 28q 

1 103 q 181 

3 713 

901 2 812 

qq5 

2 367 

11 6q6 1 5qq 

10 102 1 320 8 782 

1 3q9 

31q 1 035 

q3q 

601 

2 589 

q57 2 132 

387 1 7q5 

1 856 

163 1 693 

651 1 Oq2 

1 372 

200 1 172 

60 1 112 

October 

payroll 

3 05q 

785 2 268 

3'fJ 1 926 

2 q96 

529 1 967 

29q 1 67q 

3 079 

809 2 270 

566 1 70Q 

5 108 

772 q 336 1 607 2 729 

1 032 

25q 

778 

62 

716 

7 qq9 1 qJ9 6 010 3 026 2 98q 

12 J39 1 IJI 11 207 

16 11 191 

18 J78 2 765 156D 

1 602 lq 011 

5 258 

759 q q99 

8q8 J 651 

2 028 

565 1 q63 

2qq 

1 219 

7 505 1 08q 6 q21 

8J3 5 588 

776 

200 

576 

201 

375 

1 827 

321 1 506 

205 1 301 

1 505 

139 1 366 

51q 

852 

957 

H2 

815 

33 

781 

Sec footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-trrol.! 

oquiva lent 

employment 

5 07q 

931 q lq3 

86q 3 279 

q 928 

76q q Ibq 

910 3 25q 

6 781 1 8qO q 9ql 1 27q 3 667 

11 570 2 919 8 651 3 015 5 636 

2 251 

709 1 5q2 

191 1 351 

12 360 2 502 9 858 q 295 5 563 

17 089 2 qJq 

lq 655 

38 lq 617 

22 630 3 qq2 

19 188 2 975 16 213 

7 537 1 120 6q17 

1 q66 q 951 

q 299 1 097 3 202 

705 2 q97 

12 519 1 q13 11 106 1 85q 9 252 

1 5q5 

259 1 286 

56q 

722 

3 106 

587 2 519 

q55 

2 06q 

2 237 

221 2 016 1 310 

706 

1 780 

J5q 1 q26 

8q 1 3q2 

October 

payroll 

q 580 

991 3 589 

692 2 897 

3 9J5 

735 3 201 

600 2 600 

6 0~1 

1 782 q 269 1 050 J 219 

9 522 2 3q6 

7 176 2 191 q 985 

1 806 

507 1 299 

132 1 167 

13 J80 2 92~ 

10 q56 q 995 5 ~62 

19 019 2 551 16 q69 

33 16 q36 

28 563 q 135 2q q28 3 157 21 271 

8 115 1 328 6 788 1 qq8 5 3qo 

3 229 10H 

2 215 

q7q 

1 7qO 

10 977 1 3q1 9 637 1 q66 8 171 

1 328 

263 1 065 

qJ6 

629 

2 810 

592 2 218 

353 1 865 

2 566 

2q7 

2 319 1 q88 

831 

1 589 

357 1 232 

71 1 161 

Employrnunt and payroll' 

Octobor 1916 

Full-tirno 

equivalent 

employment 

5 235 1 098 4 137 

930 3 207 

5 132 

73q 

'1 398 1 034 3 36q 

6 86q 1 941 'I 923 1 319 3 60q 

11 9ql 2 808 9 133 3 235 5 898 

2 158 

56q 1 59q 

173 1 '121 

12 111 2 553 9 558 q 512 5 Oq6 

16 982 2 330 1q 652 

qo 14 612 

22 100 3 qq8 18 652 2 905 15 7q7 

7 q31 1 090 6 3ql 1 q91 4 850 

q q28 1 090 3 338 

7q5 2 593 

12 526 1 q03 11 123 1 815 9 308 

1 718 

286 1 q32 

660 

772 

3 131 

645 2 q86 

562 1 924 

2 31q 

315 1 999 1 J09 

690 

1 8q3 

3q3 

1 500 

112 1 388 

October 

payro It 

5 191 1 28q 3 907 

806 J 102 

q q23 

755 3 669 

719 2 950 

6 616 2 157 q q60 

1 212 J 2q7 

10 566 2 q03 8 163 2 q18 5 H5 

1 888 

q92 

1 395 

121 1 275 

15 5q9 3 015 12 5J5 5 721 6813 

20 793 2 786 18 007 

36 17 971 

32 q83 q 737 27 7q6 3 4q9 24 296 

8 989 1 377 7 612 1 6!q 

5 998 

3 Q30 

1 005 2 q25 

5ql 1 884 

11 968 1 645 

10 323 1 532 8 791 

1 551 

305 1 2q6 

536 

710 

3 016 

686 2 331 

qq6 1 88q 

2 8q5 

377 2 q68 1 637 

830 

1 752 

338 1 q14 

86 1 328 

October 1977 

Full- time 

equiva lent 

employment 

5 65q 1 219 q 435 

997 3 q38 

5 258 

787 q q71 

1 098 J 373 

6 8q7 1 906 

Q 941 1 35~ 

3 588 

11 497 2 370 

9 127 3 118 6 009 

2 nq 

606 1 708 

232 1 q76 

12 J99 2 815 9 58q q 600 q 98q 

17 162 2 284 1q 878 

q5 1q 833 

2q 155 3 568 20 587 3 068 

17 519 

7 HO 1 087 6 653 1 615 !j 0:38 

4 716 1 116 3 600 

889 2 711 

13 425 

1 730 11 695 1 8q5 9 850 

1 839 

357 1 q82 

685 

797 

3 337 

758 2 579 

630 1 9q9 

2 q81 

328 

2 153 1 q25 

728 

1 918 

336 1 582 

10q 1 q7d 

October 

payroll 

6 338 1 789 q 5q9 

935 3 615 

~ 8q3 

840 q 003 

822 3 180 

6 961 2 OH q 887 1 396 3 490 

10 36q 2 536 7 829 2877 

4 952 

2 190 

626 1 565 

180 1 385 

15 579 J 678 11 901 6 203 5 698 

22 29q 2 895 

19 399 

qO 

19 360 

35 682 6 062 29 619 3 973 25 6q6 

11 317 1 608 9 709 3032 

6 677 

3 88q 1 III 

2 772 

6q9 

2 123 

H 066 1 83J 12 233 1 665 10 568 

1 815 

q13 1 ~02 

617 

7Bq 

3 q93 

895 2 598 

534 2 06q 

3 231 

q15 2 815 1 868 

948 

1 980 

qOq 

1 575 

92 1 q84 

Oc.tober 1978 

Fu Lt-timc 

equiva t(!r'lt 

employment 

5 629 1 20q q q25 

986 3 q39 

5 196 

821 4 375 

1 038 3 3J7 

7 001 1 893 5 108 1 Q90 3 618 

12 917 J 292 9 625 3 3q7 6 278 

2 270 

535 1 735 

2qO 1 495 

12 29Q 2 819 

9 q75 

q 531 q 9qq 

17 017 2 D9 lq 678 

q6 

lq 632 

2J 876 3 93q 

19 9q2 3 308 16 63q 

7 3qq 

887 6 q57 1 62q 4 8JJ 

q 808 1 205 3 603 

89q 2 709 I 

13 482 1 7q9 11 7J~ 

1 9JJ 9 800 

1 826 

33q 

1 q92 

672 

820 

3 260 

6q8 

2 612 

639 1 97J 

2 J54 

J06 2 OqB 1 ~87 

761 

2 O~2 

q08 1 61q 

109 1 505 

October 

pllyroll 

6 441 1 6J9 q 802 1 012 3 790 

5 242 

932 q 310 

874 3 q36 

7 879 2 312 5 568 1 675 3 893 

11 820 3 )50 8 q70 3 085 5 J86 

2 38q 

617 1 766 

202 1 56q 

16 655 

3 801 12 85J 6 843 6 010 

23 39q 2 891 

,20 503 

~O 

20 q52 

38 167 6 525 31 6q2 q q50 27 192 

10 471 1 512 8 959 1 983 6 976 

q 320 1 255 3 065 

710 2 J55 

15 29G 2 062 13 V2 1 889 11 3q3 

1 863 

382 1 q81 

618 

863 

3 HI 

785 2 957 

6J1 2 326 

3 3J5 

q13 2 922 1 822 1 100 

2 207 

q78 1 729 

105 1 625 
POLICE PROTECTION 71 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctc.ber 1979-Continued 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Employment and payroll .... reteent increase or decrease ( .. ) Continued 

October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 t.o October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 Oct.ober 1975 Octo be r 1979 October 1979 

State ll:1d type of 

government 

Full-time October ~'ull-ttme October Full .. time October Full .. time October Full-time October eqUivalent payroll equivalent payro II equivalent parre 11 equiva lent payroll eqUivalent payro 11 employment cmp layment crop layment employment empLoyment 

IOWA 5 769 7 156 2.5 11, 1 10.4 50.0 13.7 56.2 25.5 134.3 

STATE. 1 210 1 757 .5 7.2 -18.4 26.2 30.0 77.3 6.0 123.8 

LOCAL, TOTAL 4 560 5 399 3.1 12.'1 19.8 58.2 10.1 50.4 31, 9 138.1 

COUNTIES 1 0811 1 175 9.9 16.1 5 11.6 101, 7 25.5 69.8 93.9 242.6 

I~UN IC IPALIT I ES 3 476 4 224 1.1 11.5 13.1 50.11 6.0 45.8 19.9 119.3 

KANSAS 5 433 5 896 4.6 12.5 21.8 57.7 10.2 49.8 34.3 136.2 

STATE. 811 973 -1.2 4.4 15.4 38.9 6.2 32.4 30.4 83.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL 4 622 II 923 5.6 14.2 23.1 62.'/ 11. 0 53.8 36.6 150.3 

COUNTIES 1 189 1 116 14.5 27.7 51,7 104.1 30.7 86.0 98.2 279.6 

HUN IC IPAL IT J ES 3 433 3 807 2.9 10.8 16.9 55.3 5.5 46.4 23. 11 127.4 

KENTUCKY 7 126 8 688 I.B 10.3 40.9 96.5 5.1 4~.6 48.1 182.2 

STATE:. 1 859 2 919 -1.8 26.3 61.1 120.3 1.0 63.8 62.8 260.B 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 5 267 5 769 3.1 3.6 34.7 88. \ 6.6 35.1 113.6 154.1 

COUNTIES .1 433 1 573 -3.8 -6.1 42.0 85.5 12.5 49.8 59.8 177.9 

MUNICIPALITIES 3 8311 <I 196 6.0 7.8 32.3 88.9 4.6 30.4 38.3 146.2 

LOU IS lANA. 11 518 11 852 -10.8 .3 33.7 86.4 -.4 24.5 33.1 132.0 

STATe. 1 833 2 253 -44.3 -32.7 143.9 203.9 -37.2 -4.0 53.1 191.8 

LOCAL, TOTAL 9 685 9 599 .6 13.3 16.1 65.5 12.0 33.8 29.9 121.4 

PARISHES 3 275 3 239 -2.2 5.0 17.8 36.3 8.6 47.8 28.0 101. 6 HUNICIPALITIES 6 410 6 359 2.1 18.1 15.1 82.7 13.7 27.6 30.9 133.0 

t-lAINE. 2 228 2 469 -1,9 3.6 35.2 75.0 -1.0 36.7 33.8 U9.2 

STATE. 501 630 -6.4 2.1 74.6 99.6 -29.3 24.3 23.4 148.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 727 1 839 -.5 4.1 22.5 67.0 12.0 41.6 37.2 136.4 COUNT I ES 229 209 -4.6 3.5 63.2 112.9 19.9 58.3 95.7 237.1 r~UNICIPALITlES 1 <198 1 631 .2 4.3 18.3 63.0 10.9 39.8 31.2 127.8 

1·1ARYLAND 12 737 18 890 3.6 13.4 13.5 79.6 3.1 41.2 17.0 153.6 STATE. 2 9011 4 106 3.0 8.0 36.6 103.2 16.1 40.4 58.5 185.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 9 8.53 111 784 3.8 15.0 8.9 74.0 -.3 41.4 8.6 146.0 COUNT I ES II 982 8 419 10.0 23.0 19.7 65.1 16.0 68.5 38.9 178.2 MUNICIPALITIES 4 851 6 365 -1.9 5.9 1.7 83.0 -12.8 16.5 -11.3 113.3 

MASSACHUSETTS. 16 737 25 721 -1.6 9.9 16.0 54.1 -2.1 35.2 13.6 108.5 STATE. 2 2110 3 202 -11.2 10.8 92.9 125.6 -8.0 25.5 77.5 183.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 14 497 22 519 -1.2 9.8 8.8 47.0 -1.1 36.7 7.6 100.9 COUNT I ES 46 53 - 6.0 65.2 106.3 21.1 60.6 100.0 231. 3 MUNICIPALlTIE:S III 1151 22 465 -1.2 9.8 8.7 46.9 -1.1 36.7 7.5 100.7 

MICHIGAN 23 087 40 857 -3.3 7.0 18.0 55.4 2.0 43.0 20.4 122.3 STATE. 3 696 6 379 -6.0 -2.2 28. 11 49.5 7.4 54.3 37.9 130.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 19 391 34 478 -2.8 9.Q 16.3 56.!... 1,1 41.1 17.6 120.8 COUNT I £S 3 397 5 079 2.7 14.1 119.9 97.1 14.2 60.9 71.2 217.0 MUNICIPALITIES 15 994 29 398 -3.8 8.1 11.8 51.8 -1.4 38.2 10.2 109.8 

MINNESOTA. 7 813 12 062 6.4 15.2 19.8 54.3 3.7 48.6 24.2 129.4 STATE. 1 205 1 951 35.9 29.0 11. 3 75.0 7.6 46.9 19.8 157.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 608 10 III 2.3 12.9 21.4 50.9 3.0 49.0 25.1 124.7 COUNTIES 1 708 2 397 5.2 20.9 32.9 70.8 16.5 65.5 54.9 182.7 r~UNICIPALITIES 4 900 7 713 1.11 10.6 18.4 46.3 -1.0 44.4 17.2 111.3 

I~ISSISSIPPI. 4 877 4 719 1.4 9.2 15.8 59.2 13.4 116.1 31. 3 132.7 STATE. 1 080 1 209 ~10.4 -3.7 21.8 79.5 -1.5 19.2 19.9 114.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 797 3 509 5.4 14.5 13.9 51.4 18.6 58.4 35.0 139.8 COUNTI ES 830 675 -7.2 -4.9 58.4 94.3 17.7 42.4 86.5 176.6 MUNICIPALITIES 2 967 2 835 9.5 20.4 5.5 112.7 18.8 62.9 25.3 132.6 

MISSOURI I;s 465 16 464 -.1 7.7 7.5 46.3 7.6 50.0 15.6 119.4 STATE. 1 735 2 189 -.8 6.2 -8.5 23.7 22.8 63.2 12.4 101, 9 LOCAL, TOTAL 11 730 III 275 (Z) 7.9 9.9 50.1 5.6 48.1 16.1 122.3 COUNTIES 2 061 2 222 6.6 17.6 40.5 76.0 11.2 58.6 56.1 166.7 HUNICIPALITIES 9 669 12 053 -1. 3 6.3 5.4 46.2 11.5 47.5 10.1 115 • ., 

MONTANA. 1 875 2 014 2.7 8.1 14.5 71,1 21.4 51.7 39.0 159.5 STATE. 351 428 5.1 12.0 -17.5 31.5 35.5 62.7 11,8 114.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 524 1 586 2.1 7.1 24.3 84.9 18.e- 48.9 47.2 175.3 COUNTIES 685 660 1.9 6.8 30.0 116.9 21. 5 51.4 57.8 228.4 I~UNICIPALITIES 839 926 2.3 7.3 20.1 67.7 16.2 47.2 39.6 146.9 

NEBRASKA 3 500 4 393 7.4 17.4 20.0 53.8 12.7 56.3 35.2 140.4 STATE. 716 987 10.5 25.7 28.4 84.4 22.0 66.7 56.7 207.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 784 3 406 6.6 15.2 18.2 47.3 10.5 53.6 30.6 126.2 COUNTIES 696 675 8.9 7.0 17.6 72.2 53.0 91.2 79.8 229.3 MUNICIPALITIES 2 088 2 730 5.8 17.4 18.3 43.4 1.2 46.4 19.7 109.8 

NEVADA 2 556 3 753 8.6 12.5 20.5 70.5 14.3 46.3 37.7 149.4 STATE. 308 451 ./ 9.2 35.6 77.7 39.4 82.6 89.0 2aQ.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL 2 248 3 302 9.8 13.0 19.1 69.8 11.5 42.4 32.8 141. 7 COUNTIES 1 440 2 098 11.9 15.1 101.2 189.5 9.9 41.0 121.2 308.2 MUNICIPALITIES 808 1 204 6.2 9.5 -32.2 -2.5 14.4 44.9 <22.5 41.3 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 2 178 2 565 7.7 16.2 29.7 66.0 22.4 61.4 58.7 168.0 STATE. 424 535 3.9 11.9 77.0 151.4 19.8 

I 49.9 112.0 276.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 

:1 1 754 2 030 8.7 17.4 21. 7 51.2 23.0 64.8 49.7 149.1 COUNTIES 128 134 17.4 27.6 40.0 115.2 52.4 88.7 113.3 306.1 HUN IC IPALITIES 1 626 1 896 8.0 16.7 20.7 118.7 21.2 63.3 46.2 142.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 
72 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

~ ____________________ ~ _______________________ r-~E='m~p~lo~y=mc~n~t~a~n~d~p=.~y~'O=l~l_' __ r-____________________ -r ____________ _ 

State and type of 

government 

NEW JERSEY. • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIf.S 

NEW MEXICO • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

NEVI YORK • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH DAKOTA • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO. , STATE, , , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES 

OKLAHOMA • STATE, • , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OHEGON • STATE, ••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • , • MUNICIPALITIES 

PENNSYLVANIA • STATE, • , • , LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • , • MUNICIPALITIES 

ft/iODE ISLAND • STATE, • , •• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH DAKOTA • , STATE •••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , 

COUNTIES • , • MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

TENNESSEE. STATE, ••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

TEXAS, • STATE, ••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES • , , MUNIC IPALI TI ES 

UTAH, , , STATE •••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES •• , MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

(tull-time 

equivalont 

emp layment 

20 217 2 228 17 989 1 092 16 897 

2 208 

515 1 693 

295 1 398 

68 640 6 047 62 593 9 016 53 577 

8 995 1 905 

7 090 1 717 5 J73 

945 

141 

80q 

178 

626 

18 801 2 q88 

16 313 2 495 13 818 

4 889 

969 3 920 

521 3 399 

4 289 

947 3 3q2 

850 2 492 

24 976 4 954 20 022 

608 19 414 

2 H9 

298 1 851 1 851 

4 103 

929 3 IH 

1 063 2 III 

1 026 

228 

798 

168 

630 

7 058 

978 6 080 

961 5 119 

21 312 2 485 18 827 3 059 15 768 

1 934 I 

4ql I 1 493 

4271 1 066 

October 

payroll 

17 554 2 295 15 260 

828 14 4~1 

1 393 

347 1 047 

165 

881 

68 062 5 231 62 831 8 301 54 529 

5 859 1 367 4 492 

968 3 524 

598 

89 

509 

92 

417 

14 450 1 908 

12 542 1 586 10 956 

2 730 

606 2 124 

272 1 853 

3 464 

786 2 678 

684 1 994 

21 502 4 478 17 024 

406 16 618 

1 619 

219 1 400 

1 400 

2 435 

629 1 806 

583 1 223 

595 

155 

440 

88 

352 

4 340 

668 

3 672 

526 3 146 

14 008 1 546 12 462 1 731 10 731 

1 317 , 

321 ' 996 ' 294 

702 I 

See footnotes nt_ end of table. 

October 1975 

Full .. time 

equivalent 

Ijmployment 

24 146 3 234 20 912 1 494 

19 418 

3 038 

818 2 220 

543 1 677 

69 '1J2 6 563 62 869 10 047 52 822 

11 297 2 485 8 812 2 224 6 588 

1 043 

153 

890 

250 

640 

24 277 2 877 21 400 2 802 18 598 

6 019 1 505 4 514 

5Jl 3 983 

5 277 1 231 4 046 1 335 2 711 

27 380 5 628 21 752 

954 20 798 

2 262 

283 1 979 1 979 

5 778 1 532 4 246 1 493 

2 753 

1 222 

238 

984 

246 

738 

8 880 1 189 

7 691 1 389 6 302 

28 077 5 604 22 473 3 926 18 547 

2 533 

580 1 953 

581 1 372 

Oct.ober 

payroll 

27 241 3517 

23 724 1 499 22 2<', 

2 545 

68J 

1 8"2 

391 1 471 

92 076 8 157 83 919 12 765 71 154 

9 412 2 305 7 107 1 647 5 460 

920 

149 

772 I 

183 

589 

26 458 3 184 2,2H 

2 364 20 910 

4 645 1 242 ) 40J 

319 3 084 

5 975 1 406 4 569 1 578 2 991 

31 466 7 024 24 442 

807 23 635 

2 230 

354 1 875 1 875 

4 519 1 383 3 137 1 118 2 019 

988 

234 

754 

162 

592 

7 600 1 088 

6 512 1 015 5 497 

25 600 5 051 20 549 2 910 17 639 

2 390 

609 1 781 

544 1 237 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equtva tent 

employment 

24 051 3 292 20 7,9 

1 545 19 214 

3 154 

848 

2 3u6 

5~2 

1 704 

65 870 6 444 ~9 q26 9 822 49 604 

11 232 2 383 8 849 

2 183 6 666 

1 079 

163 

916 

253 

663 

23 038 2 724 20 314 2 929 17 385 

6 253 1 582 4 671 

515 4 156 

5 3~0 

1 323 4 067 1 350 

2 717 

28 372 5 571 22 801 

998 21 803 

2 3~2 

295 2 087 2 087 

6 156 1 571 4 585 1 730 2 855 

1 222 

237 

985 

286 

699 

8 943 1 194 7 749 1 410 6 J39 

27 781 4 825 22 956 3 778 19 178 

2 869 

670 2 197 

726 1 471 

October 

payroll 

28 846 3 983 24 863 1 716 23 147 

2 779 

773 2 006 

453 1 553 

97 460 7 905 

89 555 12 871 76 6a4 

10 135 2 469 

7 667 1 757 5 910 

1 042 

192 

850 

189 

662 

24 914 3 038 21 875 2 701 19 174 

5 386 

1 467 3 919 

335 3 584 

6 367 

! 650 4 717 1 568 

3 150 

34 028 7 496 26 532 

902 25 630 

2 595 

344 2 251 2 251 

5 093 1 482 3 611 1 364 

2 2~7 

1 064 

250 

815 

209 

605 

7 889 1 149 6 740 1 113 5 627 

28 842 6 049 

22 793 I J 007 19 786 

2 871 

803 2 068 

714 1 354 

October 1977 

F'u ll~ t Lme 

equLvalent 

emp tuyment 

25 154 3 426 21 728 1 695 20 033 

3 336 

~J9 

i! 497 

597 1 900 

64 733 6 200 58 b33 9 9~0 

48 553 

12 158 2 1>72 9 486 

2 556 6 930 

1 141 

169 

972 

282 

690 

22 207 2 682 19 525 3 144 16 381 

6 650 1 575 ~ 075 

595 

4 480 

5 830 1 334 4 496 1 510 2 986 

29 627 ~ 570 24 057 1 132 22 925 

2 b74 

338 2 236 2 236 

6 424 1 633 4 791 1 819 2 972 

1 318 

244 1 074 

302 

772 

9 810 1 783 

8 027 1 506 6 521 

30 354 5 794 24 560 4 096 20 464 

3 008 

716 2 292 

749 1 543 

October 

payroll 

32 748 4 348 28 400 1 883 26 517 

3 195 

851 2 344 

527 1 8li 

99 577 8 751 90 826 14 093 76 733 

11 693 2872 

8 821 2 216 6 605 

1 161 

194 

966 

239 

727 

22 207 3 476 19 525 3 043 16 381 

6 119 1 604 4 516 

407 4 109 

7 431 1 860 5 571 1 855 3 716 

34 670 7 920 26 750 1 057 25 694 

3 118 

541 2577 

2577 

5 619 1 623 3 995 1 508 2 487 

1 197 

262 

935 

241 

694 

9 423 1 796 7 627 1 307 6 320 

31 543 5 844 25 699 

3 381 22 318 

3 196 

852 2 346 

78b i 

1 560 I 

Oc.tober 1978 

F'ull~time 

eqUivalent 

t!mploymt!llt 

26 299 3 582 22 717 1 639 21 078 

3 533 

886 

2 647 

587 2 060 

70 594 6 417 64 177 10 198 53 979 

11 714 2 201 9 513 

2 617 6 896 

1 169 

192 

977 

270 

707 

25 142 2 636 22 506 3 248 19 258 

6 627 1 661 4 966 

;69 4 397 

5 891 1 298 4 593 1 580 3013 

28 207 5 621 22 586 1 309 21 277 

2 bO~ 

348 2 252 2 252 

6 883 1 856 5 027 1 865 3 162 

1 340 

295 1 045 

292 

753 

10 061 1 412 I 8 649 I 1 674' 6 975 

30 026; 

2~ mr 4 399 ; 

20 728 I 3 170 

717 2 453 

1 ~~~ I 

October 

payroll 

35 072 4 710 30 3b2 1 838 28 524 

3 471 

968 2 503 

521 1 982 

108 447 ~ 956 99 491 16 432 H3 0,9 

J.2 046 

2517 

9 469 

2 405 7 064 

1 279 

237 1 041 

254 

7~7 

28 822 3 751 25 072 3 453 

o!l 619 

6 766 1 813 

4 954 

426 4 528 

8 110 1 880 

6 231 2 108 4 123 

J9 b69 

8 2b4 31 305 1 258 

30 047 

3 356 

601 2 755 2 755 

6 4~0 

1 892 

4 558 1 699 

2 859 

1 331 

349 

982 

241 

740 

10 212 1 569 8 6113 1 5.36 

7 107 

35 472 5 208 30 264 3 981 26 283 

3 9~9 

9'7 

3 042 

e61 2 18 
POLICE PROTECTION 73 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

(Dollar amounts in thousands) 

Emp loy men t and payro 11-- PerCent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

Octobet 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 Co October 1975 to October 1971 to October 1979 October 1975 October '979 October 1979 

State and type of -- government 

Full-time October Fu ll .. time October FuU-time October Full-time October Fut 1- time equivalent eqUivalent equivalent eqUivalent tlquivlllcnt October 

employment payro II employment payre 11 empLoyment payro 1L employment payroll employment payro II 

NEW JERSEY. 25 648 36 858 -2.5 5.1 19. Q 55.2 6.2 35.3 26.9 110.0 STATE. 3 565 5 0116 -.5 7.1 45.2 53.2 10.2 <13.5 60.0 119.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 22 083 31 811 -2.8 4.8 16.2 55.5 5.6 34.1 22.8 108.5 COUNTIES 1 759 2 326 7.3 26.6 36.8 81.0 17.7 55.2 61.1 180.9 ~IUNICIPALITIES 20 324 29 486 -3.6 3.4 lQ.9 54.0 11.7 32.7 20.3 10'1.3 

NEW MEXICO 3 Q66 3 872 -1.9 11.6 37.6 82.7 1'1.1 52.1 57.0 178.0 STATE • . . . 796 916 -10.2 -5.6 5B.B 96.B -2.7 3Q.l 511.6 1611.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 670 2 956 .9 1.8 31.1 77.B 20.3 58.B 57.7 182.3 COUNTI ES 609 625 3.7 20.0 811.1 137.U 12.2 59.B 106.4 278.8 MUN ICIPALITI ES 2 061 2- 331 (z) 17.6 20.0 67.0 22.9 58.5 Q7.II 16Q.6 

NEW YORK 65 900 116 2~5 -6.6 7.2 1.2 35.3 -5.1 ~6.2 -4.0 70.8 STATE. 6 378 9 590 -.6 7.1 8.5 55.9 -2.B 17.6 -27.6 83.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 59 522 196 655 -7.3 7.2 .11 33.6 -5.3 27.1 -11.9 69.7 COUNTIES 10 1Q9 17 856 -.5 8.7 11. q 53.8 1.0 QO.9 12.6 115.1 MUNICIPALITIES ~9 373 80 800 -B.5 6.9 -l.Q 30.5 -6.5 2q.8 -'/.0 62.8 

NORTH CAROLINA 12 153 13 270 3.7 1J.2 25.6 60.6 7.6 ~1.0 .15.1 126.5 STATI:. 2 278 2 817 3.5 9.3 30.4 60.6 -8.3 22.2 19.6 106.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 9 875 10 Q53 3.8 10.q 2Q.3 58.2 12. 1 q7.1 39 • .1 132.7 COUNTIES 2 862 2 756 9. Q lQ.6 29.5 70.1 21l.7 67.3 66.7 184.7 MUNICIPALITIES 7 013 7 697 1.7 9.0 22.6 5q.9 6.5 Q 1. 0 30.5 118.~ 

NORTH DAKOTA 1 186 1 365 1.5 6.7 10.q 53.8 1.1.7 q8.'1 Z~). 5 128.3 STATE. 185 2q~ -3.6 3.0 8.5 67.4 20. <) 63.8 .II.? 17q.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL 1 001 1 121 2.5 7.7 10.7 51.7 12.5 '15.2 2Q.5 120.2 COUNTIES 298 299 10. q 17.7 qO.Q 98.9 19.2 63.q 6"1.4 ~25.0 

MUNIC IPALITIES 703 822 -. (, Q.II 2.2 Q 1. 2 9.R 39.6 12.3 97.1 

OHIO 22 523 31 3BO -1,"". u 8.9 29.1 1l3.1 -7.2 18.6 19.Q 117.2 STATL. 2 611 3 995 -.9 6.5 15.6 66.9 -9.2 25.5 4.9 109. tl LOCAL, TOTAl. 19 912 27 393 -11.5 9.3 31.2 85.6 -7.0 17.7 22.1 !lB. Q COuNT I ES 3 297 3 731 1.5 8.1 12.3 119.1 17.7 57.8 J2.1 135.2 MUNICIPALITIES 16 615 23 662 -13.7 9.5 .lQ.6 90.9 -10.7 D.? 20.2 116.0 

OKLAHOMA 6 50B 7 lql -1.8 5.5 23.1 70.1 B.l 53.7 .~.I.1 161.6 STATE. 1 291 1 570 -22.3 "13.q 55.3 105.0 -IQ.2 26.4 3.1.2 159.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 5 217 5 571 5.1 12.5 15.2 60.2 15.6 63.7 33.1 162.3 COUNTIES 583 510 2.5 19.7 1.9 17 • .1 9.8 59.9 11.9 87.5 MUN IC IPALIT I ES q 63Q 5 Obi 5.4 11.8 17.2 66.4 16.3 6 /

1.1 36.3 173.1 

OREGON 5 953 9 02Q 1.1 11. 3 23.0 72.5 12.8 51. 0 38.8 160.5 STATE. 1 202 1 967 -7.4 4.6 30.0 78.9 -2.4 39.9 26.9 15D.3 LOCAL, TOTAL q 751 7 058 3.Q 13.3 21. 1 70.6 17.'1 5q.5 42.2 163.6 COUNTI ES 1 626 2 3q9 2.9 11.Q 57.1 130.7 21.8 '18.9 91.3 ~Ll..1. ~ 

MUNICIPALlTII:S 3 125 Q 708 3.7 1Q.2 8.B 50.0 15 • .1 57.Q 25. /1 136.1 

PENNSYLVANIA 27 779 Q3 5Q7 1.5 10.1 9.6 Q6.3 1.5 3B.Q 11.2 102.5 STATE. 5 091 8 073 -9.4 -2.3 13.6 56.9 -9.5 lQ.9 2.~ ilO •. 3 LOCAL, TOTAL 22 688 35 1174 .5 13.3 8.6 Q}.6 Q.3 ~5.1 13 •. \ 1011.4 COUNTI"~ 1 259 1 393 -3.8 10.7 56.9 91l.1l 32.0 72.6 l07.l 2U3.1 MUNICIPALITIES 21 1129 3Q 081 .7 13.Q 7.1 '12.2 3.0 QQ.2 10.4 1(15.1 

RHODE ISLAND 2 636 .l 587 l.Q 6.9 5.3 37.7 16.5 60.9 22.'/ 121.6 STATE. 429 791 23.3 31. 6 -5.0 61.6 51.6 123.Q Itll.O 261. 2 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 207 2 797 2.0 1.5 6.9 33.9 11.5 49.2 19.2 99.S MUNICIPALITIES 2 207 2 797 2.0 1.5 6.9 33.9 11.5 Q9.2 19.2 99.8 

SOUTH CAROLINA 7 010 7 097 1.8 10.0 40.B 85.6 21.3 57.0 70.9 191.5 STATE. 1 9BO 2 2Bl 6.7 20.6 6Q.9 119.9 29.2 6<1.9 113.1 262.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 5 030 <I 816 (z) 5.7 33.8 73.7 18.5 53.5 58.5 166.7 COUNTIES 1 9Q8 1 929 Q.5 13.5 QO.5 91.8 30.5 '/2.5 83.3 230.9 MUNICIPALITIES 3 082 2 887 -2.5 10.0 30. Q 65.1 12.0 43.0 46.0 136.1 

SOUTH DAKOTA 1 QOO 1 Q13 Q.5 9.9 19.1 66.1 lQ.6 41l.1 36.5 1115.9 STATE. 291 35'1 <!- -l.Q 2.6 Q.Q 51.0 22.3 53.0 27.6 131.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 109 1 104 6.1 12.4 23.3 71. '

1 12.7 46.Q 39.0 150.9 COUNTIES 342 301 17.1 2Q.9 46.11 84.1 39.0 85.8 103.6 2Q2.0 MUNICIPALITIES 767 80Q 1.9 8.6 17.1 68.2 3.9 35.8 21.7 12B.Q 

TENNESSI:E. 9 393 10 3Q6 -6.6 1.3 25.8 75.1 5.8 36.1 .13.1 13B.Q STATE. 1 182 1 3B7 -16.3 -11. 6 21.6 62.9 -.6 27.5 20.9 107.6 LOCAL, TOTAL B 213 8 959 -5.0 3.7 21:).5 77.3 6.8 37.6 3;;.1 lQI,.O COUNTIES 1 B60 1 782 11.1 16.0 QQ.5 ;3.0 33.9 75.6 93.5 2J8.B MUNlCIPALlTIES 6 353 7 177 -B.9 10.0 2;1.1 7Q.7 .8 30.6 24.1 128.1 

TEXAS. 31 705 41 377 5.6 16.6 31.7 82.B 12.9 61.6 11A.B 195.Q STATE. Q 990 5 922 1.9 13.7 1?5.5 226.7 11.0 17.2 100.B 283.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 26 715 35 Q55 6.3 17.2 19. Q 6Q.9 111.9 72.5 Ql.9 184.5 COUNT I ES Q 697 Q 507 6.8 13.2 28.3 6B 1 19.6 54.9 53.5 160. '1 MUNICIPALITIES 22 018 30 9QB 6.2 17.7 17.6 6,.Q 1'1.7 75.5 39. ~ 188." 

UTAH 3 257 Q 327 2.7 8.2 31. 0 81.5 2[,.6 il1.r, 68.4 <2'1.5 STAT£. 713 1 033 -.6 7.9 31.5 89.7 22.9 6 •• 6 61.7 221.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 5QQ 3 2qQ 3.7 8.3 30.8 78.8 30.3 Q5.(\ 70. '

1 2.10.7 COUNTIES 799 1 003 2.0 16.5 36.1 A5.0 37.5 AU.f.I 87.1 2"1.2 MUNICIPALITIES 1 745 2 291 Q.5 5.0 28.7 76.2 27.2 85.2 63.7 226.'1 

Sce footnotes at end of table. r" 
74 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 19. Percent change in police protection full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employmcnt and ptlyroll 1 

October 1971 October 1975 Octohr 1976 October 1977 October 1978 

State and type of 

government 

~------'-------'~~-------'--------+----'----r--------r-------.--------~-------,--------

VERMONT. STATE, 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES, , , MUNICIPALITIES 

VIRGINIA , STATE, 

LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES, • , MUNICIPALITIES 

WASHINf.TON, , STAn:, 

LOCAl., TOTAL , COUNTIES , MUNICIPALITIES 

WEST VIRGINIA, 

STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES, , , MUNICIPALITIES 

WISCONSIN, , STATE, , , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

WYOMING, 

STATE, • , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , HUN I C I PALl TI ES 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

787 

332 

q55 

8 892 2 519 6 373 

2 08~ 

q 291 

6 701 1 28q 5 q17 

1 369 4 Oq8 

2 212 

598 1 614 

383 1 231 

9 954 

9q8 

9 006 1 847 7 159 

668 

159 

509 

12q 

385 

See footllotes at. end of table. 

October 

payroll 

286 

6 35q 1 7q9 q 606 1 649 

2 956 

5 746 1 060 

4 686 1 045 3 642 

1 241 

364 

876 

193 

684 

7 997 

806 7 191 1 442 5 749 

412 

120 

292 

73 

219 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

951 

405 

546 3 5q3 

11 281 

3 383 7 898 2 692 5 206 

7 242 1 587 5 655 

1 821 3 834 

2 848 

941 1 907 

458 1 4q9 

10 951 1 297 9 654 

2 085 

7 569 

993 

225 

768 

242 

526 

Oct.ober 

payroll 

856 

403 

453 2 

452 

10 893 

3 415 

7477 

2 732 4 745 

8 323 1 780 6 5q3 1 900 4 64q 

2 264 

739 1 524 

302 1 222 

11 '100 1 2q9 

10 151 2 013 3 138 

829 

213 

616 

173 

443 

Full-time 

equivalent. 

employment 

993 

410 

583 

15 

568 

10 655 2 232 

8 423 3 030 5 393 

7 645 1 398 6 247 1 882 4 365 

2 95q 

917 2 037 20 999 1 558 

11 250 1 312 

9 938 2 16q 7 7H 

1 071 

223 

8q8 

271 

577 

October 

payro II 

924 

4)4 

'191 

11 

q79 

10 691 2 18) 8 508 

) q23 5 085 

9 478 1 735 7 7q3 2 207 

5 535 

2 q71 

791 1 681 

327 1 353 

12 797 1 406 11 391 

2332 

9 059 

Full- t.ime 

equiv31cnt 

employm~nt 

1 067 

408 

659 

17 

642 

11 149 2 286 

8 863 3 ~55 

5 508 

7 981 1 581 ~ 400 1 93q q q66 

3 222 

969 2 253 

717 1 536 

11 442 1 244 10 198 2 266 7 932 

1 175 

225 

950 

~~3 

617 

October 

payroll 

1 103 

q99 

604 

12 

592 

11 760 2 )ql 

9 419 ~ 993 

5 q26 

10 569 2 162 

8 407 2 422 5 985 

2 860 

958 1 902 

552 1 351 

lq 1q2 1 q80 12 662 2 664 

9 998 

1 157 

269 

888 

2M 

604 

r:'u'lt-time 

equivalent 

employment 

1 005 

426 

579 

16 

563 

11 551 2 396 9 155 

3 57~ 

5 582 

8 280 1 726 6 554 

2 088 

q q66 

3 349 

1 Oqq 2 ~U5 

703 1 602 

11 105 

955 

10 150 2 452 7 698 

1 296 

2~q 

1 062 

37J 

689 

October 

payro 11 

1 118 

537 

581 

11 

570 

13 060 2 721 10 339 4 429 ; 910 

11 888 2 491 

9 397 2 88q 6 513 

3 293 1 120 2 172 

607 1 565 

14 636 1 218 13 418 

3 018 

10 400 

1 414 

324 i 091 

3q6 

H5 
- -----------

POLICE PROTECTION 

This page left blank to preserve table sequence. 
Section IV. JUDICIAL 
JUDICIAL. 77 

Table 20. Percent change in judicial total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and type of government: 

fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type. of Tocal expenditure! Percent increase or dectclisc (M) 

governmcnt 1 

1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 1979 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAI_. 1 224 262 1 902 332 2 209 027 2 348 625 2. 7Q5 8Q8 3 Oil 50Q 9.7 55.4 58.3 IQ6.0 

STATES. 326 850 561 291 663 068 7Ql 206 1 150 265 1 317 945 14.6 71.7 DQ.8 303.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 912 310 1 412 763 1 633 645 1 707 783 1 823 223 1 902 528 Q.3 5Q.9 3Q.7 108.5 

COUNTIES. 6Q8 143 1 013 652 1 201 003 1 296 253 1 418 524 1 481 579 4.4 56.4 Q6.2 128.6 

MUN1CIP,~LITIES. 267 963 '108 246 4QO 996 424 396 432 806 433 626 .2 52.Q 6.2 61.8 

ALABAMA 13 537 21 851 25 523 27 187 43 719 41 132 -5.9 61.4 88.2 203.8 

STATE 3 4Ql 6 197 7 303 7 383 25 021 28 219 12.8 80.1 355.4 720.1 

l.OCAL, TOTAL. 10 096 .15 931 18 220 19 866 18 738 12 945 -30.9 57.8 -18.7 28.2 

COUNTIES. 9 292 14 059 16 514 18 074 16 698 9 937 -QO.5 51.3 -29.3 6.9 

MUN IC IPALITI ES. 1 106 1 974 2 103 1 884 2 234 3 198 43.2 78.5 62.0 189.2 

ALASKA. 7 112 12 587 15 482 15 166 16 005 16 613 3.8 77.0 32.0 133.6 

STATE 6 857 12 482 15 379 15 047 15 976 16 570 3.7 82.0 32.8 141. 7 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 269 187 294 119 53 50 -5.7 -;0.5 -7:1.3 -81.4 

BOROUGHS. - 77 - lQ - - - (X) -100.0 - MUNICIPALITIES. 269 110 29Q 106 53 50 -5.7 -59.1 -54.5 -81.Q 

ARIZONA 11 959 21 188 38 222 29 B19 30 169 36 73Q 21.8 77.2 73. Q 207.2 STATE • 1 59Q 3 236 3 601 3 88Q 4 613 5 475 18.7 103.0 69,.2 2Q3.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 365 17 952 3Q 621 25 935 25 584 31 263 22.2 73.2 711.1 201.6 COUNTIES. 8 835 15 509 30 770 21 Q72 20 266 25 188 2Q.3 75.5 62.4 185.1 MUN IC IPAL IT! ES. 1 530 2 476 3 875 4 465 5 321 6 077 14.2 61.8 145.4 297.2 

ARKANSAS. 4 191 7 532 9 113 10 564 11 040 D '178 22.1 79.7 78.9 221.6 STATE • 1 594 2 097 2 818 2 997 3 572 3 967 11.1 31.6 89.2 148.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 652 5 450 6 401 7 673 7 529 9 562 27.0 105.5 75.Q 260.6 COUNT 1 ES. I 882 4 Q52 5 ~25 6 152 5 369 7 735 44.1 136.6 73.7 311.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 780 1 246 I 434 1 629 2 34j 2 123 -9. Q 59.7 70.4 172.2 

CALIFORNIA. 170 051 266 837 315 701 31Q 345 333 819 355 718 6.6 56.9 33.3 109.2 STATE • 18 526 28 QQ6 35 566 39 733 45 185 56 010 2Q.0 53.5 96.9 202.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 151 527 239 517 283 056 278 473 296 050 315 066 6.4 58.1 31.5 107.9 COUNT! ES. 144 241 228 633 271 153 266 259 281 172 300 082 6.7 58.5 31.3 108.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 7 295 11 054 12 b59 12 801 15 170 15 001 -1.1 51.5 35.7 105.6 

COLORADO. 14 833 26 601 29 III 36 861 39 92Q 3Q 64Q -13.2 79.3 30.2 133.6 STATE • 10 305 18 733 19 819 27 265 29 810 23 698 -20.5 81.8 ?6.5 130.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 4 528 7 872 9 292 9 613 10 130 11 122 9.8 73.9 41.~ IQ5.6 COUNTIES. 1 394 2 125 2 824 2 653 2 650 2 689 1,5 52.4 26.5 92.9 MUNICIPALITIES. 3 134 5 749 6 477 6 961 7 479 8 433 12.8 83.4 46.7 169.1 

CONN ECT I CUT 21 175 22 960 22 681 25 981 29 312 31 991 9.1 8.4 39.3 51.1 STATE. 21 164 22 829 22 494 25 734 27 993 30 272 8.1 7.9 32.6 43.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 211 382 289 260 I 343 I 739 29.5 81.0 355.2 724.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 212 389 297 260 1 389 I 747 25.8 83.5 349.1 724.1 

DELAWARE. 5 855 8 604 10 423 10 607 10 904 12 756 17.0 47.0 48.3 117.9 STATE 4 751 7 178 9 040 9 487 9 92Q II 529 16.2 51.1 60.6 142.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. I 104 1 548 2 261 2. 096 I 997 2 155 7.9 40.2 39.2 95.2 COUNT I ES. 791 995 1 622 1 516 1 405 1 584 12.7 25.8 59.2 100.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 3D 553 639 584 592 571 -3.5 76.7 3. :; 82.4 

DISTRICT OF 

COLUM8IA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 17 888 19 112 25 312 22 224 23 689 22 652 -4.4 6.8 18.5 26.6 

FLORIDA 50 482 85 405 99 968 108 768 123 546 126 020 2.0 69.2 47.6 149.6 STATE • 8 428 31 639 33 154 36 635 36 631 41 465 13.2 275.4 31.1 392.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 42 054 53 783 67 024 72 503 87 364 85 424 -2.?- 27.9 58.8 103.1 COUNTI ES. 33 659 46 ~~9 58 877 63 913 80 588 78 853 -2.2 ;8.0 69.7 134.3 MUNICIPALITIES. 8 395 7 326 8 194 8 919 7 329 6 763 -7.7 -12.7 -7.7 -19.ij 

GEORGIA 22 082 37 801 41 860 51 592 50 833 56 9M 12.1 71.2 50.7 158.1 STATE. I 3 373 7 112 7 520 8 30~ 9 695 11 289 16.ij 110.9 58.7 23ij.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 18 712 30 700 34 342 43 289 ijl 223 45 986 11.6 6ij.l 49.8 145.8 COUNTI ES. 17 005 27 846 30 926 39 884 36 758 41 317 12.ij 63.8 48.4 143.0 MUN IC IPALIT IES. 1 708 2 980 3 476 3 472 4 471 4 763 6.5 74.5 59.8 178.9 

HAWAII. 7 213 8 ij61 12 337 13 285 15 467 15 275 -1.2 17.3 80.5 111.8 STATE • 7 213 8 461 12 337 13 285 15 467 15 275 -1,2 17.3 80.5 111.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - - COUNTIES. - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - - IDAHO 3 266 5 908 6 930 7 739 8 349 9 431 • ~.O 80.9 59.6 188.8 STATE • I 617 3 247 3 730 4 030 4 130 4 828 10.9 100.8 48.7 198.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. I 649 2 661 3 200 3 709 4 240 ~ 603 8.6 61.4 73.0 79.1 COUNTI ES. I 413 2611 3 115 3 398 ij 091 4 385 7.2 84.8 67.9 210.3 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 235 156 201 313 246 2.5~ 3.3 -33.6 62.8 8.1 

ILLINOIS. 65 648 87 365 106 680 112 208 12~ 408 129 808 4.3 33.1 48.6 97.7 STATE • 21 615 30 340 43 749 ij7 122 49 700 50 217 1.0 40.4 65.5 132.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 4ij 033 57 034 63 001 67 722 77 447 80 385 3.3 29.5 40.9 82.6 COUNTIES. 43 759 56 847 62 599 67 ~85 77 lij3 80 077 3.8 29.9 ijO.9 83.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 286 437 445 670 738 747 1.?- 52.8 70.9 161.2 

INDIANA 16 609 24 386 31 104 38 879 ~O 900 42 383 3.6 46.8 73.8 155.2 STATE 3 555 5 009 7 238 8 5~8 9 122 9 104 -.2 40.9 81.8 156.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 13 388 19 853 24 368 31 157 32 725 33 993 3.9 48.3 71.2 153.9 COUNTIES. 8 670 14 122 17 154 22 095 23 6~4 25 077 6.1 62.9 77.6 189.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 4 737 5 896 7 599 9 123 9 163 8 953 -2.3 24.5 51.8 89.0 

See fQotnot.es at end of table. 

, 

if 

" ~'l'J .' 

~~2li.~~~' :J-~t·~·ll-·",:l .. ~~ .. ~i";\;:r",\!t,:..-.,\" i'Y l'j,: "",q<,~'~X1":;'?.'.,,~>.' o'I:-.~'I; '. ;-,'!.'\,. " • .ll •• "c,.~'t,·:'<' " .-'7'~'"""'"'' ~~.~. ",~,:" \ ... / ,·.I\"'·"";k"'-t~'·J,,, .... ,·"<~"~·"'" .. "'!'''I!" ... ~.\J~.ti;, •• ,:I.-''- ;>!,<.;·'.~"'.k"·.",.,,,, "-'.·."');0.''',\''·'' ...... " \"--il,'~"_"" ',f' ',c.,\. , 
78 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 20. Percent change in judicial total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and type of government: 

fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total C.X~illlditure2 Percent increase or dcct'easc (- ) State nnd type o( -- government' 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1479 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 1979 

10IVA. 10 7Vti \., 'I}/~ 20 961 ?~ o·,~ 21) l)IFJ 29 7.1 \ 10. :. hl~. H 67.1 l·ltl.1J 

STAT[ 2 ll7CJ ., )lH 6 7!3n " '279 1\ 70 -) f! .~98 _ 'i.~, 1$';1. h q1.9 ?40.0 

LOCAL, TOfAL. fl '~26 II ')21 III 211 III "12 III 261' 21 ~46 I ~,'J US. ? 7'1. I 150.« 

COUNT! rs. c AB6 l? ~2ll t" 5B~ In h9h III (1(}7 21 ;40 1,.2 "9,0 7Lj.H 212.1\ 

~'UN I ClPAl, I TItS 2 \'!2 2~ /j 0-' 'I 7A 1"1.(- -'JA.9 ?l?,O -')(,.7 

KANSAS. 8 9 ~g El 927 21 (,'.1(' ?J 560 n tp) ) I} 172 lS.'J 7A._ 'J;. '/ 2411,7 

STAn " 7Y2 '0 '"17 ... liO'~ " (1 tJ "l }Il 7,lP 15 610 'i,O 9? h 190 •. i 115 t

}.1 

LOCAL., TOTAL. (, IW/ 10 ~)!J I I? '!')'1 )/, 1~ J~ III 10') 15 991 1> •. ) 71.1> 5l. C. 161\. I 

COUNTHS. ~ 444 'J , III 10 HA7 I; ;'~;I) 1'· ~l ~o J4 059 fl.~ 'II.? ~O.Y 15R.;> 

MUNICIPALlTrrs, 70~} I 2/1A I ~?>l I t,K? I 7~0 I 9nU 10. , 77.0 ~7.4 J'II\.6 

KI.NTUCKY. 12 ')7l~ 19 <all 21 ltd ~ rl ;;"d . \ ·17 ~ qll 1l3! 12,'1 L~A. 7 I }2. q 2U~. !) 

STArr. h lOU 6 !.l~3~ 7 ')"I:? 111 "On ;>'1 ~Jh 1 40 ?In 11O.Ft _ll. D ~10.4 11A2.4 

LnCAI, TOTAL. " I?-) 12 RIll 14 01.)6 ?~ ";1 'J 017 q 61)7 -II~. ? 10~, I -(,~. 6 -2;.9 

Ci)IJN11[S. ; 'i/~ I.J 10 4~2 .11 6112 PI 1~2? r ('OJ 3 '105 -II ~. 9 9,}. q -1)4.6 - 10. 7 

MUNICJPALITIES. 7,% ? ,~d) 2 41!.J 2 1\25 " UP/, 962 -hOe ~ ?OO. I -~9.? ;,?t.t 

LOlllSIANA 21 072 2') 16;> n 91')~ I,n '{/J 1 116 "I'> ~) I ~~7 J.'1 ',q.t.t 7(~. H 14",7 

STATL 5 ')46 ~ (It~ In !J72 II ?5H I~ ~)r.q II, (l(,H 12." -~.A J ')0" 'J J ~(.. (, 

LO(AL f FHAL. 15 12(· 21 "u'/ 27 tWO 2? ?R.6 ,4 nIl 1'/ O't I Il. \ bl).7 5'1.2 111"/ • .'\ 

PARISH[S. 0 y'H, 12 150 JA ?9.1 17 r.IjO 20 67') 2~ 'J"" 14.1 H~/. 1 {jll.0 ~f.,~. 0 

r<IJNICII'ALlTllS, A (lit;' 1J ~92 1l 11>2 11 An ); ·)5', I" 00' " ,">l.H n,'! h;·. (I 

MAINE: lj •• >; 6 115 6 h1~ 7 :'1" " 205 7 'J(i9 -r .\.) 'i~). ti. 50. ~ l;'H.~ 

STATr 2 jlj \ '/Jq 'I 261 ., ~RU 6 J ~6 I, q/l'~ ,~ • 1 74. " 'ill. U 221.4 

LOCAl., TOTAL •• I 3~~ ;> r}29 ? 477 ? lIn ? )? :'> I 7.,1 _;f/J. h ~7. I - ~(i. q <').5 

COlJNT I [S. I ~U6 ;! "II 2 U76 ? 131 ;;< ?(J'2 I 737 _?li.;' ~r. '1 _ "'('. ,1 ?9.0 MUNIr.IPAlITlf5. (, 2\2 I 10 I \J 1;:" '\ -It. J.-1 76(~. ~.' -117. Co 1 ')"0.0 

MARYLAND. 21 Till :15 Il?; 'I, In " ~Il ~) 117 Of'lll ('eo ?l1J ',<,'./1 t~.~ • 7 ~'~. (1 J H". 'I STATr In 1Hli ?l 01' ;c IlOt' 21 ','l; ;'LJ ',11(, 26 2P2 '1.', lor, •• ~;.r 1'>0.4 L.OCAL, TOTAL. J3 i9(1 15 u >;0 I'> ~d'", I" 071 22 j/.2 55 9 ~7 6:? l, 1 ".;; I :r,~l. {} 1(,H.2 

COliNTlES. 8 U9 9 ~'lFJ 9 ; >4 I? 0'j'l I~ Ii'>'-, 2'1 751 "".1 ?: ~'1 t ,;'.h ?~)').lj 

MLJNtCIPALJTlrs. 5 257 5 lj 16 ~ I'll 5 -l)R (, I)r'} " 6J11 :1."/ i.t. /2. () ;"i .1 

MASSAEHlISE:TTS '·1 583 1,2 .\61\ 6~ ~ ,'':l 1 :lUI ')1 n70 AH !JIll - s.-; !J'-f.f IIJ. I 12'i. () 

STATE () 916 12 646 12 .., ,",l~ ; 5 "·;·0 2< li?n 17 '.iRI,J -;:tl.F3 H2.1) "I. ~ 151.4 l neAL, TOTAl .. 15 n"K 52 1;'6 <;'. 1-:>'} '>8 J;" ~ 'if) "10? 72 0,0 -'.' .. , .,'/ . ., '.i'J.i' II ')." COUNT I [So 24 7!J s '>'/ 0511 '>H J{~, 'j ., 56'1 '.J", nil 50 915 -ll.1 tH. ~') ~'j. ") 10.,.4 NUN IC !r'AL.IT ItS. ~ ;J:tln 16 71\1, 17 III ?O t, 'J ~ ~/I 10 \ 2~ 7111 -1.6 10,. I 41. " 1 I

H,.9 

I<ICHIGAN, 1\4 272 911 065 110 fdA 12U ')';u 15: ,051 III '5 "~1 -'l.0 q6.4 ~?~ 12 I." STATE 10 253 lil 7)f) 20 1'17 ;:!1 Tn 51 {,',t, 41 416 -11l.~ 82.9 121.5 -'J04. "I 

LOCAL, TOTAL. ',4 ,,~q 78 _QO 9'> 0;>0 101 R;7 1111 7«(. 117 ~/!JB ~, .. , 42.q 50." J}IJ.J;, 

COUNT! ES. 411 462 ~}B 700 72 5110 70 ;)(., 'i f{11 '72 93 ~6$,~ 5. , '>2.0 09.1 110.0 MlIN ICIPAI.IT r f,S. II 135 ?l 242 22 224 ;:'11 7.r~('I 211 ~,' , ?(l 1:'~ -1\. \ 'iO.R 2'. () 1 "". (, 

HINNr.SOTA 1~ 511l 2"j 2"7 <1 1112 ;" B6R 411 lP~1 4~ t '~ I 2.0 ~/tl. 6 Ah.t 1,/<,' .~ 

STATt 2 711 u 722 4 UflR II '1.,4 II OMl II ~.':lt ;>0.'/ 74.2 IH2.H ~r; c'. " 

LOCAL, TOTAl .. 12 ~115 22 :.~? 26 qR9 2') '/30 ;; ~2A ;.; l')0j -U.l 70.5 4_.0 1')0. \ COUNTIes. 11 756 ?I '139 2"" 15., 29 95A '" 71'J 3, :;1., -~. 9 Ro." WI.B 1'/5.7 HUN IC IPALIT IES. I ~A1 91l A'l 150 .158 7e -~ll.Lf -ll2.1J -92.1 -9~.q 

MISSISSIPPI 5 qRl 10 79'/ U 0% 15 AoO 15 1.)00 15 75 , -.. 9'/.0 W).'1 lWI.U STATe I '149 2 '160 ; 16A 'AD 3 6~/CJ II '/117 ~9.0 6-J.2 60.4 l'n.11 LOCAL, TOTAL. .' ·/:52 7 8".3 9 9 '6 12 "0' 12 2 /10 II 012 -In.O JlO.2 UO.1l 19.,. I COllNTles. I 16} 7 232 9 ?7:'/ I, 'ill II 0 /15 9 119'1 -In.'! 12A.6 '~6.l) 2\ '.0 MUNICrPALITltS. 56;) 61U 66q MO'S 1 196 1 122 -6.; ".') 82. '/ 97.2 

I<ISSQURI. 22 7rd .15 109 3'! oilll lin 9/15 q6 5'/11 51 56f- II.? ~LI. "'~ I llfl.!) 12ti.5 STAn 7 4U3 12 ~06 D 8", 15 AIIH 15 ?~IJ 19 211/~ 2".Il ~5. '~ ~6. tJ 15t~. r, I.OCAL, TOTAL. 15 120 23 2/16 26 167 27 4q2 31 Onll ~~ Jh9 4.1 ~1 •• ; .".2 Ill. \ COUNT ~ ES. 10 15~ 15 ?SO 17 414 17 61B 20 165 20 757 2.9 I19. 'J '6 •. 'l 1014. s MUNrCIPALlTIES. 0 1611 8 052 8 766 J A211 10 919 II h?l fJ.ll 55. 'J .~ ,~ . ., 12".0 

~'ONTANA 2 727 4 5q" ., 272 5 \55 7 747 7 192 -'/.2 66.6 'J8 •. , 1"5." STATe .. " . 1117 1 1·.15 .I 201 1 3A4 2 1'5 2 059 -5. ; )8.9 h} .4 152.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 910 :, LfQ9 4 071 " 993 5 5711 5 162 -7." 7g. , ~) 1 • ,1 t ~/O. !J 

COUNTI ES. 1 670 3 066 :, 61\1 .> 509 " 'UA " ~~~I -11.6 83.6 WI.il j·,n.!> 

MUNICIPALlTlLS. 20 0 344 419 ~02 Rill -?'5.2 q >. ~ 87.B 1(. I.? 

NEBRASKA. 6 291 I? 06q n 356 I" 121 I~ 159 .15 il7' ~.1 91,8 ;8. ?l 1"5.9 STATE: I 778 5 9?9 6 ;>6r 7 50'1 7 IIlII 7 6011 ~.9 233. !") ?Il.,l 3;:·.:. ,} LOCAL, TOTAL. 'I 513 6 Il~O 7 Q?(, 7 AlII 7 97; 7 8",5 -J. j 35. I 2H.2 "iq.:.; 

COUNTIES. 3 679 5 053 5 695 5 904 6 013 5 ~2? - I.? }7.3 15. ;- !>·{.2 MUNICrPALlTIES. fl51 I 0~1l I q06 I 915 I f)f"P., " ?1>3 15.0 29.0 106 .. 1 16".9 

NEVADA. 3 425 6 771 IJ 752 II SIJJ 12 9'11\ 14 71J :} 15.4 9'-, .. 7 IF."' 330 • ., STATe !l68 J 306 I 689 I 1177 ;- 21n 2 UOt~ 8." 50.5 !J4.1 1'17.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 59? 5 471 050 9 47~ 10 'IRq 12 ,~5~ Iq ... 111.1 1<".11 Y16.5 COUNTILS. 2 JOII q ll4l1 ., '1.,4 " fi·'O A 790 9 9(11 13.1 111.2 I;:,}.·, Y/'2.1) MUN 1 C I PAL I T I ~:S. 4119 1 0?1l I ?'J6 I 6:r , I 99') " 1111 20.n J 10.2 131$. !) 393.0 

NEW HAMPSHIRl ? 5?B 5 100 5 770 6 305 7 494 " 26 1

) -"~. r 101, 7 42.5 I!l".; STATE 1 021 I 535 I 7LJ('j I A60 I 9?(' ? 11,6 IJ." 50. } 41.1 112.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. l 511 3 .,.,4 4 375 q i411 :; 59> 

" :IP -~). !l 1LfH.'1 40.13 2119.9 COUNTIE:S. 937 2 669 .I 16A .I 1115 ? 876 ,~ ?73 n.R IIlQ.1l 2?6 249.3 MUNICIPALITlE:S. 5711 I {)91 I ?36 I 600 2 77", 2 096 -211.5 90.1 9?1 255.2 

See footnotes at cnd of table. 
JUDICIAL 79 

Table 20. Percent change in judicial total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and type of government: 

fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

Scsec and type of 

government' 1971 1975 

NEW JERSey. qq 399 7q 209 

STATE. 10 983 17 8q6 

LOCAL, TOTAL 3q 726 ~8 026 

COUNT I ES 27 071 'Iq 999 IiUNICIPALITIES 7 655 13 162 

NEW MEXICO. q 623 6 916 

STATE. 3 888 5 56q 

LOCAL, TOTAl •• 1 q32 1 352 

COUNTIeS 933 285 

IiUNIC IPALiTIES q99 1 068 

NEW YORK • 170 89q 269 380 

STATE. 36 157 73 902 LOCAL, TOTAL • 136 q23 221 890 

COUNTIeS 39 31q 61 981 

IiUN1CIPALiTIES 97 109 160 287 

NOHTH CAROLINA 20 297 35 lI15 STA'rE. 17 961 25 936 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 336 9 '18'1 COUNTIES 2 220 9 q86 

HUNICIPALITIES 118 2 

NORTH DAKOTA • 2 148 ;; 902 

STATE. 585 1 103 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 1 563 2 799 

COUNTIES 1 351 2 '179 I1UNICIPALITIES 212 32.0 

OHIO. 07 286 8q 707 

STATE. 7 :no 12 496 LOCAL, TOTAL. 51 512 7q 558 

COUNT I ES • 36 978 51 6116 

HUNIC IPAL !TIES 1q 997 23 548 

OKLAHOMA. 11 889 1q 862 

STATE. 'I ~87 6 3119 LOCAL, TOTAL. 7 31q 9 140 

COUNT I ES 6 27~ 7 628 

MUNIC IPAL IT I es 1 057 1 595 

OREGON • 12 538 20 381 

STAT~. 3 380 !J lI9l1 

LOCAL, TOTAL 9 q36 15 180 

COUIlT I ES 8 09B 1q 214 

~IUNICIPALITIES 1 3q1 1 086 

PENNSYLVANIA. 76 903 llq 127 

STATE. 17 050 49 Bq7 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 59 890 88 338 

COUNTIES. 32 8q6 q9 519 

HUNICIPALITIES 27 099 38 921 

RHODE ISLAND 5 730 8 207 

STATE. , 521 7 906 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 209 .'lui MUNIC IPALITIES 209 301 

SOUTH CAROLINA 7 651 I:' 106 

STATE. 1 137 1 93q 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 6 529 13 199 COUNTiES 6 172 12 040 

HUNIC IPAL IT I ES 3;7 1 1811 

SOUTH DAKOTA • 2 110 4 '29 STATE. 6211 2. Oc -, 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 lI95 2 569 COUNTIES 1 382 2 q70 

~IUNICIPALITiES 191 2.q2 

TENNESSEE. 16 361 30 012 S1 PTE. 3 499 6 565 

LOCAL., TOTAL. 12 892 23 502 

COUNT IES 9 556 18 07q 

HUNle IPALITIES 3 367 6 469 

TEXAS. 46 389 74 738 STATE. 8 518 10 880 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 38 7'36 65 299 COUNTIES 33 1131 5'1 400 HUtiIC IPAL IT I ES t> 3:';7 10 920 

UTAH. 3 118 6 lI16 

STATE. I 564 2 1Q8 

LOCAL, TOTAL 1 656 Q 352 COUNT I ES 780 2 Q20 

flUNICIPALITIeS 895 1 9L\7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total expenditure 1 

1976 1977 1978 

89 2q8 92 5qq 101 029 

23 213 25 199 28 26q 

67 663 69 133 7q qq3 

03 603 5q 176 57 396 

III 198 15 549 17 Oll7 

8 lI76 10 280 11 875 

6 966 8 659 9 572 

1 510 1 629 2 303 

267 2q3 649 

1 243 1 386 1 655 

281 '116 252 856 37q 237 

93 lI74 89 qq2 339 651 

225 980 203 181 151 916 '/1 500 81 lI96 65 q70 

1511 q89 121 685 89 210 

qO q03 lI6 7q5 lI6 626 

27 139 31 983 3lJ 071 

13 26q 14 766 12 555 

13 274 14 583 11 876 

- 183 679 

'I 466 4 937 5 18q 

1 272 1 677 1 735 

3 19q 3 260 3 q51 

2 833 2 895 3 061 

365 371 395 

101 80ll 108 681 162 373 15 027 12 228 18 816 

89 628 96 635 lqq '/5'1 56 091 64 052 112 602 3q 072 37 840 lI7 087 

15 897 19 210 23 035 

6 916 9 587 9 q13 

10 503 10 096 lq 56q 

8 85q 8 533 12 546 

1 759 I 963 2 Q18 

23 357 26 636 30 013 

6 258 938 10 141 

17 397 19 784 22 756 16 211 17 674 21 26q 

1 235 2 5'10 1 583 

128 845 140 71lJ 153 382 

50 646 58 7q1 611 lI99 

102 199 106 607 112 888 

58 657 6q 559 6q 762 

q3 570 '12 07'1 q8 27'1 

9 800 10 886 11 334 

9 47q 10 5q6 11 05q 

326 340 280 

326 340 280 

16 287 18 652 22 819 

2 067 2 B06 6 0511 

14 227 15 979 16 8112 

13 3'16 15 073 15 280 

907 914 1 022 

6 655 7 209 6 288 

4 412 5 836 5 129 

2 663 2 2q9 2 319 

2 '178 2 256 2 276 

230 65 q3 

32 359 37 362 39 265 

8 824 10 135 10 30q 

23 588 27 295 28 967 

17 620 21 231 22 086 

6 509 6 099 6 909 

94 695 105 021 118 198 

14 587 13 221 19 q73 

82 ll12 93 8q9 101 422 68 452 81 OQ7 87 917 

13 710 12 823 13 811 

8 '105 9 030 10 62.lI 

2 59Q 3 158 3 879 5 920 6 006 6 905 

3 515 3 760 'I 294 2 lI06 2 252 2611 

1979 1976 

120 3'11 

33 686 

88 082 

65 7q5 

22 58'1 

12 861 

10 608 

2 337 

660 

1 679 

q85 179 

'Iqll 822 

1q3 7Bq 

63 2q8 

81 236 

50 693 

lIO 416 

10 277 

10 219 

63 

6 5q6 ,. 073 q q74 q 02.9 

q52 

134 087 

16 107 

118 963 

86 330 

35 q57 

22 5q7 

9 210 

14 355 

12 274 

2 657 

34 q98 

8 9112 

25 709 

23 884 

1 890 

162 15q 

91 303 

124 320 

73 657 

50 aq7 

12 782 

12 q50 

332 

3,32 

30 061 

7 362 

22 730 

21 q78 

1 252 

7 070 

5 933 

2 2'14 2 278 

lI7 

q3 337 

10 952 

32 390 2q 782 

7 609 

137 763 

18 7116 

119 q69 

101 Q99 

18 558 

1Q 6110 

5 lI31 

9 321 Q 532 Q 788 

Percent increase or dectellse 

to 1979 1971 to 191) 1975 to 1979 

19.1 67.1 62.2 

19.2 62.0 88.8 

18.3 67.1 51.8 

1q.5 66.2 46.1 

32.5 71.9 71. 6 

8.3 lJ9.6 86.0 

10.8 43.1 90.7 

1.5 -5.6 72.9 

1.7 -69.5 131.6 

1.5 llq.O 57.2 

29.6 57.6 80.1 

31.0 lV,'I.Lt 501.9 

-5.Q 02.6 -3:>.2 -3.lI 57.7 ,!.O 

-8.9 6501 _LICj ~.3 

8.7 7 fl.5 1,).1 

18.6 4l1.'1 5~.8 

-18.1 306.0 8.q 

-14.0 327.3 7.7 

-90.7 -98.3 3 050.0 

26.3 81.7 67.8 

19.5 88.5 87.9 

29.6 79.1 59.8 

31.6 83.5 62.5 ll1.q 50.9 41.3 

-17.4 47.9 58.3 -14.4 69.6 28.9 -17.8 '14.7 59.6 

-23.3 39.7 67.2 

-24.7 57.0 50.6 

-201 25.0 51. '/ 

-2.2 38.4 45.1 

-1.4 25.0 57.1 

-2.2 21.6 60.9 

9.9 50.9 66.6 

13.1 62.6 69.3 

-11.8 62.5 62.8 

13.0 60.9 69.4 

12.3 75.5 68.0 

19.1I -19.0 7q.0 

5.7 q8.q 42.1 q1.6 192.q 83.2 

10.1 q7.5 '10.7 

13.7 50.8 q8.7 

5.3 43.6 30.6 

12..8 q3.2 55.7 

12.6 q3.2 57.5 

18.6 q4.0 10.3 

18.6 'Ill. 0 10.3 

31.7 97.lI 99.0 

21.6 70.1 280.7 

35.0 102.2 72.2 40.6 95.1 78.'1 22.5 231. 7 5.7 

12.11 llq.6 56.1 

15.7 230.9 1B7.3 -3.2 71.8 -12.7 

.1 78.7 -7.8 

9.3 26.7 -80.6 

10.lI 83.4 qq.4 

6.3 87.6 66.8 

11.8 82.3 37.8 

12.2 89.1 37.1 

10.1 92.1 17.6 

16.6 61.1 84.3 

-3.7 27.7 72.3 

17.8 68.q 83.0 

15.Q 62.7 86.6 

3Q.Q 103.8 69.9 

37.8 105.8 128.2 

QO.O 37.3 152.8 

35.0 162.8 11Q.2 

5.5 210.3 8".3 

83.lI 117.5 145.9 

1971 to 1979 

1 

171.0 

206.7 

153.6 

1q2.9 

195.0 

178.2 

172.8 

63.2 

-29.3 

236.5 

183.9 

130.3 

5.'1 

60.9 

-16.3 

1'19.8 

125.0 

339.9 

360.3 

-q6.6 

20q.7 

25q.4 

186.2 

19B.2 

113.2 

13q.l 

118.5 

130.9 

133.5 

136.lI 

89.6 

100.8 

96.3 

95.6 

151.q 

175.1 

16l1.6 

172.5 

194.9 

40.9 

110.9 

q35.5 

107.6 

12q.2 

87.6 

123.1 

125.5 

58.9 

:'8.9 

292.9 

547.~ 

248.1 

248.0 

250.7 

235.1 

850.8 

50.1 

6q.8 

75.q 

16q.9 

213.0 

151.2 

159.3 

126.0 

197.0 

120.1 

208.0 

203.6 

2Q6.lI 

369.5 

ZQ7.3 

Q62.9 

1I8!. 

'135. 

o 

o 
80 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 20. Percent change in judicial total expenditure (direct ancl intergovernmental) by'State arid type of government: 

fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government l 

1971 

VERMONT. 2 727 

STATE. ;; 688 

LOCAL, TOTAL 39 COUNTIES 27 

MUNICIPALITIES 12 

VIRGINIA 21 930 

STATE. 10 633 LOCAL, TOTAL • 13 289 COUNTIES 3 787 MUNICIPALITIES 9 816 

WASHINGTON • 16 103 

STATE. 2 844 LOCAL, TOTAL 13 259 

COUNTIES 11 113 MUNICIPALITIES 2 227 

WEST VIRGINIA. q 6611 STATE. 1 537 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 129 COUNTIES 3 026 

NUN IC IPALIT n:s 102 

WISCONSIN. 21 782 

STATE. 7 457 LOCAL, TOTAL. 16 384 COUNTIES 15 925 MUN IC IPALITI ES 724 

WYOrllNG. 1 192 STATE. 561 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 631 COUNT 1 ES !J36 

MUNICIPALITIES 95 

.. Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

X Not applicable. 

1975 

3 ";'j9 

3 196 

163 

163 

20 

33 20q 

lq 571 

21 351 

10 5q2 

10 987 

24 720 

4 51.18 

20 226 

16 938 

3 q56 

8 702 

2 816 

6 541 

6 294 

247 

28 526 

8 661 

21 357 

20 8<5 

953 

2 5Q6 

970 

1 577 

1 362 

216 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total expenditUre 2 

1976 1977 1978 

3 q20 3 79q II 6q7 

3 061 3 375 q 180 

359 q19 q70 

357 415 'lqO 

17 2q 1.15 

36 351 qO 820 qq 751 

16 671 18 726 113 826 2q 575 26 76q 28 391 

12 956 lq 526 111 744 

12 022 12 8q4 14 363 

27 935 31 678 35 681 

5 010 6 42q 6 852 22 960 25 377 28 882 

19 129 20 '/01 23 613 

4 064 4 908 5 7q8 

12 966 18 266 16 890 

6 892 12 067 11 088 

6 076 6 231 5 843 

5 782 5 820 5 435 307 411 408 

33 185 37 50!:;l 37 233 

9 030 12 661 10 58Q 

25 597 28 770 31 140 

24 565 27 808 29 931 

I 634 I 803 1 300 

3 170 3 728 4 207 

1 127 1 375 1 691 

2 043 2 353 2 516 

1 804 1 763 2 117 

239 631 398 

I Percent increase or decrease (_) 

1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 co 1979 1971 to 1979 

b 6;"2 21.6 23.2 68.3 107.3 

5 032 20.q 18.9 57.q 87.2 618 31.5 317.9 279.1 1 q8q.6 

609 38.4 503.7 273.6 2 155.6 

23 -48.9 66.7 15.0 91.7 

55 165 23.3 51.4 66.1 151.6 

27 qlq -37.q 37.0 88.1 157.8 

33 098 18.3 60.7 07.q 152.8 

13 920 -5.6 178.q 32.0 267.6 

20 172 40.4 11. 9 83.6 105.5 

43 382 21.6 53.5 75. " 169.4 

7 709 12.5 59.9 69.5 171.1 

35 757 23.8 52.5 76.8 169.7 

30 09q 27.4 52.4 77.7 170.8 

6 201 7.9 55.2 79.4 178.q 

17 788 5.3 86.6 1 Oq.q 281.4 

12 063 8.8 83.2 328.q 68Q.8 

5 725 -2.0 109.0 -12.5 83.0 

5 339 -1.8 108.0 -15.2 76.4 

387 -5.1 lQ2.2 56.7 279.4 

47 101 26.5 31. 0 65.1 lI6.;! 

15 937 50.6 16.1 8q.0 113.7 

34 321 10.2 30.4 60.7 109.5 

32 777 9.5 30.8 57.q 105.8 

1 586 22.0 31.6 66.4 119.1 

5 110 21.5 113.6 100.7 328.7 

2 027 19.9 72.9 109.0 261.3 

3 086 22.7 149.9 95.7 389.1 

2 49Q 17.8 154.1 8301 365.3 

593 qg.O 127.11 174.5 52Q.2 

IFor each State, and the United States summary, the expenditure figures shown on the "LocaL, toca.:; line and the combined State-locaL total line (the data shown opposite: the 

names of the individual States)exclude duplicative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was done to avoid the artificial inflation which would result if an intergovet'nmen tal expend i ture amoun t fa r one governrnen t is tabula ted and then coun ted aga in when the recip ient governmen t( s) u 1 t ima te 1y expend (s) that amount. 

ZOats for municipalities, and the local governmente t.ot.als which include municipal data, are est.imates subject to sampling variation; data for count.ies (boroughs, parishes) are 

based on a canvass of all county government.s and therefore are not. subject to sampling variation; se~ text for data limitations. 
JUDICIAL 

This page left blank to preserve table sequence. 
82 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full-time equivalent employmf:!nt and payroll by State and type of government: 

State and cypc of 

government. 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL •••• STATES ••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

ALABAMA. STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ALASKA • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • BOROUGHS ••• HUN I C I PAll TI ES 

AHIZONA. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARKANSAS • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNI C IPAL IT IES 

CALIFORNIA. •• STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

COLORADO • STATE •• , •• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• HUNICIPALITIF.S 

CONNECTICUT. •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • HUN I C I PAll TI ES 

DELAWARE •• •• STATE. • • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• HUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

DISTRICT Of' COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

FLORIDA. •• 

STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

GEORGIA. • •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

HAWAII • • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• HUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

IDAHO ••••••• 

STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ILLINOIS ••••• STATE. • • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

INDIANA. • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

Octobe-e 1971 

Full-time 

equiva tent 

cmp loymcnt 

99 708 19 856 79 852 56 421 

2J 4Jl 

1 666 

J32 1 334 1 ~17 

117 

368 

336 

32 

32 

1 239 

281 

958 

804 

154 

477 

81 

396 

276 

120 

9 030 

763 8 267 7 732 

535 

1 318 

878 

440 

120 

320 

1 201 1 200 1 

1 

368 

288 

147 

119 

28 

894 

4 592 

350 4 242 ) 362 

880 

2 207 

248 1 959 1 D2 

227 

563 

563 

306 

74 

232 

216 

16 

6 088 1 208 4 880 4 870 

10 

1 857 

240 1 617 

998 

619 

October 

pnyrott 

79 950 23 175 56 775 37 947 

18 828 

1 080 

354 

752 

683 

69 

415 

394 

21 

21 

786 

279 

559 

457 

102 

316 

105 

212 

134 

77 

8 973 1 664 7 620 7 054 

565 

1 019 

711 

302 

2ji i 

999 

991 1 

1 

545 

398 

80 

57 

23 

922 

3 )95 

590 2 812 2 219 

593 

1 394 

244 1 186 1 019 

167 

433 

433 

188 

86 

102 

91 

11 

'I 859 1 856 3 H3 3 138 5 

1 133 

352 

839 

489 

350 

Sec (o()tnot~s at cnd of table. 

October 1971-0ctober 1979 

October 1975 

Fu It ... time 

equivalent 

employment 

124 712 25 578 99 132 72 761 

26 371 

1 803 

326 1 476 1 344 

132 

462 

456 6 

6 

1 483 

145 1 338 1 127 

211 

709 

88 

621 

491 

130 

12 932 . 906 

12 026 11 452 

5H 

1 692 1 082 

610 

180 

430 

1 125 1 121 4 

4 

610 

485 

153 

106 

47 

917 

5 389 1 160 4 229 3 630 

599 

2 478 

342 2 136 1 881 

255 

534 

534 

'~54 

180 

274 

271 3 

6 458 1 ~73 

5 Od5 5 051 

34 

2 308 

294 2 014 1 326 

688 

October 

payroll 

128 004 37 372 90 632 64 488 

26 144 

1 528 

428 1 100 

994 

106 

709 

70J 5 

5 

1 315 

227 1 089 

901 

187 

540 

155 

365 

298 

87 

16 840 2 347 14 493 13 786 

705 

1 812 1 258 

554 

147 

407 

1 174 1 169 5 

5 

645 

492 

125 

80 

45 

1 184 

5 224 1 961 3 263 2 786 

477 

2 235 

509 1 726 1 498 

228 

604 

604 

410 

254 

156 

154 2 

7 143 2 8li3 4 250 4 223 

27 

1 769 

459 1 310 

862 

449 

Employment and payroll ' 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

129 958 27 516 102 442 75 941 

26 5~1 

1 932 

363 1 569 1 412 

157 

538 

534 4 

1 596 

164 1 432 1 232 

2.00 

718 

131 

587 

454 

133 

13 462 

938 12 524 11 977 

547 

1 751 1 146 

605 

166 

439 

1 115 1 112 3 

3 

711 

536 

175 

12J 

52 

773 

5 803 1 185 4 618 

3 998 

620 

2 673 

J68 2 J05 2 035 

270 

594 

5911 

4J8 

1!>5 

273 

255 

18 

6 623 1 562 5 061 5 031 

30 

2 649 

357 2 262 1 541 

721 

October 

payroll 

140 7J4 42 786 97 948 70 654 

27 294 

1 737 

416 1 261 1 135 

126 

906 

903 2 

2 

1 561 

255 1 306 1 106 

200 

628 

238 

391 

301 

90 

18 790 2 667 16 123 15 390 

733 

2 031 1 429 

602 

14a 

454 

1 142 1 137 4 

4 

738 

587 

151 

104 

46 

1 184 

5 707 2 049 3 658 3 144 

514 

2 509 

573 1 936 1 696 

240 

752 

752 

440 

262 

178 

164 

14 

7 279 3 109 4 170 4 145 

25 

2 164 

598 1 566 1 060 

506 

(letober 1':1-77 

Fult-time 

equivalent 

employment 

142 381 J7 337 105 044 78 851 

26 193 

1 547 

605 

942 

'172 

170 

541 

539 2 

2 

1 685 

166 1 519 1 252 

267 

777 

111 

666 

514 

152 

14 665 1 237 13 429 12 800 

629 

1 825 1 198 

627 

1!>1 

466 

1 510 1 504 6 

6 

769 

590 

179 

131 

48 

773 

6 117 1 269 4 848 

4 410 

438 

2 903 

410 2 493 

2 222 

271 

658 

658 

520 

172 

348 

329 

19 

6672 

1 422 5 250 5 217 

33 

3 026 

468 2 558 1 755 

803 

October 

payroLL 

163 554 58 566 104 989 77 411 

27 577 

1 786 1 009 

777 

649 

129 

944 

942 3 

3 

1 742 

284 1 458 1 202 

256 

661 

208 

453 

342 

lil 

20 754 2 825 17 929 17 029 

900 

2 193 1 539 

654 

159 

495 

1 686 1 678 8 

8 

770 

611 

158 

111 

47 

1 234 

6 738 2 643 4 095 3 711 

383 

2 872 

650 2 222 1 977 

245 

843 

843 

519 

283 

236 

221 

tS 

7 737 2 952 4 785 4 757 

28 

2 413 

627 1 786 1 225 

561 

October 1915 

Full .. time 

equiValent 

employment 

141 001 41 642 99 359 78 748 

20 611 

2 181 1 326 

855 

696 

159 

539 

538 1 

1 

1 693 

178 1 515 1 261 

254 

773 

103 

670 

470 

200 

14 286 

976 13 310 12 710 

600 

1 691 1 113 

578 

1q4 

4J4 

1 568 1 516 

52 

52 

741 

594 

lq7 

107 

40 

810 

6 225 1 327 4 898 4 q98 

400 

3 003 

q32 2 571 2 293 

278 

680 

680 

557 

113 

384 

366 

18 

7 215 1 605 5 610 5 584 

26 

2 97q 

Ql0 2 56q 1 850 

714 

October 

payroll 

169 516 68 OtiO 101 466 79 803 

21 663 

2 302 1 494 

a08 

610 

191 

1 006 1 004 3 

3 

1 869 

301 1 567 1 285 

282 

684 

223 

461 

324 

137 

20 370 2 999 17 371 16 523 

848 

2 185 1 539 

646 

150 

q96 

1 771 1 715 

56 

56 

807 

658 

150 

103 

q7 

1 3'Z 

7 325 2 921 4 q04 

4 015 

389 

3 229 

767 2 463 2 191 

272 

912 

912 

620 

3QO 

280 

264 

16 

8731 

3 Q06 5 325 5 302 

23 

2 596 

676 

1 920 1 379 

541 
JUDICIAL 83 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full-time equival'ent employment and payroll by State and, type of government: 

October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued -- - ~- . 

Employment and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

government October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full-time October Full-time Octobf)r Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL lq8 277 195 001 5.2 15.0 25.1 60.1 18.9 52.3 48.7 143.9 STATES 48 669 87 129 16.9 28.0 28.8 61.3 90.3 133.1 145.1 276.0 LOCAL. TOTAL 99 608 107 872 .3 6.3 211.1 59.6 .5 19.0 24.7 90.0 COUNTIES 77 545 84 475 -1.5 5.9 29.0 69.9 6.6 31.0 37.4 122.6 MUNICIPALITIES 22 063 23 398 7.0 8.0 12.5 38.9 -16.3 -10.5 -5.8 24.3 

ALABAMA. 2 488 2 844 14.1 23.5 8.2 41.5 38.0 86.1 49.3 163.3 STATE. ... 1 541 2 011 16.2 34.6 -1.8 20.9 372.7 369.9 364.2 468.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 947 833 10.8 3.1 10.6 46.3 -35.8 -24.3 -29.0 10.8 COUNTIES 652 625 -6.3 1.1 10.4 45.5 -51.5 -37.1 -46.4 -8.5 MUNIC IPAL ITIES 295 208 85.5 8.9 12.8 53.6 123.5 96.2 152.1 201.4 

ALASKA. 574 1 066 6.5 6.0 25.5 70.8 24.2 50.4 56.0 156.9 STATE. 573 1 064 6.5 6.0 35.7 78.4 25.7 51.4 70.5 170.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 2 - -33.3 -Bl.3 -76.2 -83.3 -60.0 -96.9 -90.5 BOROUGHS - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES 1 2 - -33.3 -81.3 -76.2 -83.3 -60.0 -96.9 -90.5 

ARIZONA. 1 879 2 238 11.0 19.7 19.7 67.3 26.7 70.2 51.7 184.7 STATE. 204 381 14.6 26.6 -48.11 -18.6 40.7 67.8 -27.4 36.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 675 1 857 10.6 18.5 39.7 94.8 25.2 70.5 74.8 232.2 COUNT I ES 1 375 1 501 9.0 16.8 40.2 97.2 22.0 66.6 71.0 228.4 MUNICIPALITIES 299 357 17.7 26.6 37.0 83.3 41.7 90.9 94.2 250.0 

ARKANSAS 810 808 4.8 18.1 48.6 70.9 14.2 119.6 69.8 155.7 STATE. 114 262 10.7 17.5 8.6 47.6 29.5 69.0 40.7 149.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 696 546 3.9 18.4 56.8 81.6 12.1 41.8 75.8 157.5 COUNTIES 551 424 17.2 30.9 77.9 122.4 12.2 42.;:1 99.6 216.4 MUNIC IPALITIES 145 121 -27.5 -11.7 8.3 13.0 11.5 39.1 20.8 57.1 

CALIFORNIA 14 572 24 013 2.0 1'1.9 43.2 87.7 12.7 42.6 (,1.4 167.6 STATE. .... 1 294 3 322 32.6 10.8 18.7 41.0 42.8 41.5 69.6 99.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 13 278 20 691 -.2 19.1 45.5 90.2 10.4 42.8 60.6 171.5 COUNTIES 12 659 19 725 -.4 19.4 48.1 95.5 10.5 113.1 63.7 179.6 MUNICIPALITIES 619 966 3.2 13.9 7.3 24.8 7.8 37.0 15.7 71.0 

COLORADO. 1 611 2 482 -4.7 13.6 28.4 77.8 -4.8 37.0 22.2 143.6 STATE. 1 026 1 779 -7.8 15.6 23.2 75.5 -5.2 41.4 16.9 148.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 585 70:3 1.2 8.8 38.6 83.4 -4.1 26.9 33.0 132.8 COUNTI ES 147 159 2.1 6.0 50.0 107.0 -18.3 8.2 22.5 123.9 MUNIC IPAL lTIES 438 543 .9 9.5 34.4 76.2 1.9 33.4 36.9 135.1 

CONNECTICUT. 1 442 1 956 -8.0 10.4 -6.3 17.5 28.2 66.6 20.1 95.8 STATE. 1 431 1 944 -5.6 13.4 -6.6 17.3 27.7 66.3 19.3 95.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 11 12 -78.8 -78.6 300.0 400.0 175.0 140.0 1 000.0 1 100.0 MUNIC IPALITIES .' 11 12 -78.8 -78.6 300.0 400.0 175.0 140.0 1 000.0 1 100.0 

DELAWARE 76 11 899 3.1 11.4 65.8 18.3 25.2 39.4 107.6 65.0 STATE. 605 7:30 1.9 10.9 68.4 23.6 24.7 48.4 110.1 83.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 159 169 8.2 12.7 4.1 56.3 3.9 35.2 8.2 111.3 COUNTI ES 118 116 10.3 12.6 -10.9 40. 11 11.3 45.0 -.8 103.5 MUNICIPALITIES 41 54 2.5 14.9 67.9 95.7 -12.8 20.0 46.4 13'1.8 

D ISTR ICT OF COLUHB IA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 865 1 499 6.8 12.5 2.6 28.4 -5.7 26.6 -3.2 62.6 

FLORIDA. 6 493 8 278 4.3 13.0 17. 11 53.9 20.5 58.5 41.4 143.8 STATE. 1 471 3 443 ' 10.9 17.9 231.4 232.4 26.8 75.6 320.3 483.6 I.OCAL, TOTAL 5 022 4 834 2.5 9.8 -.3 16.0 18.8 48.1 18.4 71.9 COUNTIES 4 658 4 442 J.6 10.6 8.0 25.6 28.3 59.4 38.5 100.2 HUNICIPALITIES 364 392 9.0 .8 -31.9 -19.6 -39.2 -17.8 -58.6 -33.9 

GEORGIA. 3 209 3 517 6.9 8.9 12.3 60.3 29.5 57.4 45.4 152.3 STATE. 413 774 -11.4 .9 37.9 108.6 20.8 52.1 66.5 217.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 796 2 743 8.8 11.4 9.0 45.5 30.9 58.9 42.7 131.3 COUNTIES 2 483 2 416 8.3 10.3 8.6 47.0 32.0 61.3 43.4 137.1 MUNICIPALITIES 3D 327 12.6 20.2 12.3 36.5 22.7 43.4 37.9 95.8 

HAWAII 681 837 -.1 -8.2 -5.2 39.5 27.5 38.6 21.0 93.3 STATE. 681 B37 -.1 -8.2 -5.2 39.5 27.5 38.6 21.0 93.3 LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - - - - - - - COUNTIES - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - - - - - IDAHO. 568 686 2.0 10,6 48.4 118.1 25.1 67.3 85.6 264.9 STATE. 179 360 3.5 5.9 143.2 195.3 -.6 41.7 141.9 318.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 389 327 1.3 16.8 18.1 52.9 42.0 109.6 67.7 220.6 COUNTIES 374 312 2.2 18.2 25.5 69.2 38.0 102.6 73.1 242.9 MUN Ir. IPAL IT I ES 15. 15 -16.7 6.3 -81.3 -81.8 400.0 650.0 -6.3 36.4 

ILLINOIS 7 008 9 555 -2.9 9.4 6.1 47.0 8.5 3:3.8 15.1 96.6 STATE. 1 651 4 153 2.9 21.9 13.7 55.9 20.2 43.6 36.7 123.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 5 357 5 402 -4.5 1.4 4.2 35.2 5.;:1 27.1 9.8 71.9 COUNTIES 5 332 5 376 -4.5 1.4 3.7 34.6 5.6 27.3 9.5 71.3 MUNICIPALITIES 25 26 -3.8 13.0 240.0 440.0 -26.5 -3.7 150.0 420.0 

INOIAIIA. 3 194 2 962 7.4 14.1 24.3 56.1 38.4 67.4 72.0 161.4 STATE. 535 859 30.5 27.1 22.5 30.4 82.0 87.1 122.9 144.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 659 2 103 3.7 9.5 24.6 56.1 32.0 60.5 64.4 150.7 COUNTIES 1 944 1 522 5.1 10.4 32.9 76.3 46.6 76.6 94.8 211.2 MUN IC IPALITI ES 715 581 ,j 7.4 11.1 28.3 3.9 29. 11 15.5 66.0 

See footnotes at end of table." 
84 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full-time equivalent employment and payroll by State and type of government: 

State and type of 

government 

IOWA •• STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES •••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

KANSAS • • • • • STATE. • • •• • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

KENTUCKy •••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

LOUISIANA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • PARISHES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MAINE. •• •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

MARYLAND. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MASSACHUSETTS. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MICHIGAN. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

MINNESOTA. • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSISSIPPI ••• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

MISSOURI ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MONTANA ••••• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEBRASKA • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL ••• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEVADA. • • •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

NEW HAMPSHIRE •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

October 1971 

Full .. timc. 

equivalent 

empLoyment 

994 

123 

871 

605 

266 

895 

158 

737 

651 

86 

933 

162 

771 

675 

96 

2 339 

371 

1 968 

883 

1 085 

296 

151 

145 

145 

1 703 

827 

876 

413 

463 

2 533 

459 

2 074 

1 318 

756 

5 056 

466 

4 590 3 525 1 065 

1 210 

122 

1 088 

937 

151 

488 

94 

394 

334 

60 

2 344 

491 

1 853 

1 247 

606 

262 

46 

216 

190 

26 

634 

109 

525 

434 

91 

266 

41 

225 

182 

43 

205 

62 

143 

71 

72 

October 

payroll 

680 

178 

503 

333 

170 

576 

188 

388 

333 

55 

644 

226 

418 

351 

67 

1 306 

403 

952 

399 

553 

189 

125 

63 

63 

1 421 

797 

624 

298 

326 

2 159 

505 

1 654 

1 001 

653 

4 126 

907 

3 362 

2 574 

788 

1 066 

207 

884 

759 

125 

350 

138 

212 

177 

35 

1 413 

430 

9~9 

651 

348 

179 

68 

111 

91 

20 

412 

160 

276 

215 

61 

212 

64 

148 

111 

37 

166 

73 

93 

48 

46 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1971-0ctober 1979·-Continued 

October 1975 

Full .. tirne 

equiva lent 

employment 

1 142 

229 

913 

913 

1 334 

191 

1 143 1 000 

143 

1 604 

284 

1 320 

1 082 

238 

2 664 

345 

2 319 

1 222 

1 097 

357 

208 

149 

147 2 

2 134 

1 098 

1 036 

633 

403 

3 488 

600 

2 888 

1 907 

981 

5 925 

590 

5 335 4 111 

1 224 

1 685 

139 

1 546 1 542 4 

754 

116 

638 

575 

63 

3 025 

883 

'2 142 1 468 

674 

402 

49 

353 

321 

32 

867 

431 

436 

339 

97 

418 

62 

356 

272 

84 

333 

85 

248 

137 

111 

October 

payroLL 

1 191 

468 

723 

723 

1 040 

296 

744 

643 

101 

1 348 

423 

925 

743 

182 

2 108 

494 

1 614 

852 

762 

293 

211 

82 

80 

1 

2 416 

1 390 

1 026 

641 

385 

3 578 

736 2 842 

1 817 

1 025 

6 490 

1 086 5 '104 

4 137 

1 267 

1 937 

305 

1 631 

1 628 3 

625 

221 

404 

362 

42 

2 541 

1 032 

1 510 

989 

521 

324 

87 

237 

210 

27 

832 

488 

344 

259 

85 

428 

114 

314 

239 

74 

311 

124 

187 

104 

83 

Emplo~·~.mt and payroll 1 

October 1976 

Full .. timc 

equivalent 

employment 

1 398 

217 

1 181 

1 035 

146 

1 584 

380 

1 204 

983 

221 

2 959 

J74 2 585 

1 318 

1 267 

352 

274 

78 

78 

2 061 

1 140 

921 

520 

401 

3 459 

632 

2 827 

1 862 

965 

6 118 

658 5 460 

4 222 

1 238 

1 717 

144 1 573 1 573 

829 

117 

712 

652 

60 

3 114 

935 

2 179 1 494 

685 

386 

53 

333 

301 

32 

848 

437 

411 

297 

114 

474 

70 

404 

304 

100 

346 

85 

261 

135 

126 

October 

payroll 

1 285 

517 

769 

769 

1 144 

Jl8 

826 

711 

115 

1 468 

597 

87l 

700 

171 

2 697 

820 1 877 

958 

919 

312 

265 

47 

47 

2 634 

1 669 

965 

564 

401 

3 694 

817 2 877 1 822 

1 055 

7 199 

1 322 

5 877 

4 491 

1 386 

2 087 

304 

1 783 1 783 

715 

225 

490 

441 

49 

2 724 

1 087 

1 636 

1 085 

551 

351 

89 

262 

231 

J1 

868 

515 

353 

251 

102 

518 

133 

385 

289 

97 

330 

121 

210 

113 

97 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

1 340 

241 

1 099 

1 097 2 

1 716 

298 

1 418 1 265 

153 

2 058 

329 1 729 1 490 

239 

2 971 

378 2 593 

1 330 

1 263 

330 

260 

70 

70 

2 226 

1 189 

1 037 

642 

395 

3 775 

648 

3 127 

1 881 

1 246 

6 508 

623 

5 885 

4 580 

1 305 

1 818 

161 1 657 1 640 

17 

858 

123 

735 

646 

89 

3 170 

822 

2 348 1 578 

770 

400 

71 

329 

292 

J7 

859 

454 

q05 

288 

117 

6ql 

79 

562 

439 

123 

332 

95 

237 

129 

108 

October 

payroll 

1 711 

710 

1 002 

999 3 

1 506 

509 

996 

876 

120 

1 896 

526 

1 369 

1 176 

193 

2 879 

887 1 992 

1 062 

929 

324 

276 

48 

48 

2 717 1572 

1 146 

726 

420 

q 303 

887 

3 416 

2 021 

1 395 

8 076 

1 400 6 677 5 185 1 q91 

2 363 

409 1 954 

1 949 5 

760 

238 

521 

q53 

68 

2 885 

998 

1 887 

1 234 

653 

408 

142 

266 

231 

35 

990 

604 

386 

264 

.122 

691 

1:'15 

55,~ 

411' 

137 

352

1 

142 

210 

110 

100 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equivalent 

empLoyment 

1 359 

241 

1 118 1 118 

1 734 

323 1 411 

1 249 

162 

2 135 1 80q 

331 

271 

60 

3 265 

265 3 COO 1 761 

1 239 

438 

346 

92 

91 

1 

2 250 

1 16q 

1 086 

679 

407 

4 197 

772 3 425 2 263 

1 162 

6 771 

732 6 039 

4 759 

1 280 

1 973 

332 

1 641 1 6ql 

800 

127 

673 

535 

138 

3 352 

853 2 q99 

1 689 

810 

445 

64 

381 

327 

5'1 

Octob~r 

payroll 

1 755 

655 

1 100 

1 100 

1 568 

545 1 023 

891 

132 

2 152 1 893 

260 

200 

60 

3 612 

1 140 

2 472 

1 462 

1 009 

479 

41S 

61 

60 

1 

2 730 1 q86 

1 244 

821 

423 

5 057 1 182 

3 875 

2 540 

1 335 

8 832 1 571 7 261 

5 623 

1 638 

2 845 

958 

1 887 1 887 

3 543 1 393 

2 150 1 q36 

714 

q45 

136 

309 

~57 

52 

986 

583 

40Q 

288 

115 

780 

140 

640 

486 

154 

373 

147 

226 

121 

105 
JUDICIAL 85 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full-time equivalent employment and payroll by State and type of government: 

October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued --_ .. 

Employment and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October ]975 to October 1971 to 

government October 1979 October 197.5 October 1979 October 1979 

Full-time I October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

IOWA 1 396 1 901 2.7 8.3 1~.9 7~.1 22.2 ~9.6 ~O.II 179.6 STATE. 2116 727 2.1 11.0 86.2 162.9 7.~ 55.3 100.0 308.~ 

LOCAL, TOTAL 1 150 1 17~ 2.9 6.7 11.8 43.7 26.0 62.4 32.0 133.4 COUNT I ES 1 150 1 174 2.9 6.7 50.9 117.1 26.0 62.4 90.1 252.6 

MUNICIPALITIES - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 -100.0 

KANSAS 2 091 2 067 20.6 31.8 ~9.1 80.6 56.7 98.8 133.6 258.9 STATE. 1 638 1 688 407.1 209.7 20.9 57.11 757.6 500.0 936.7 797.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 453 380 -67.9 -62.9 55.1 91.8 -60.4 -48.9 -38.5 -2.1 CoUNTIES 243 209 -80.5 -76.5 53.6 93.1 -75.7 -67.5 -62.7 -37.2 MUNICIPALITIES 210 171 29.6 29.5 66.3 83.6 116.9 69.3 11111.2 210.9 

KENTUCKY 2 316 2 915 8.5 35.5 71.9 109.3 44.11 116.2 1118.2 352.6 STATE. 2 003 2 6111 11.0 38.1 75.3 ' 87.2 605.3 518.0 1 136.~ 1 056.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 313 301 5.11 15.8 71.2 121.3 -76.3 -67.5 -59.11 -28.0 COUNTIES 243 228 -10.3 1'1.0 60.3 111.7 -77.5 -69.3 -64.0 -35.0 ~lUNICIPALITIES 70 73 16.7 21.7 147.9 171.6 -70.6 -59.9 -27.1 9.0 

LOUISIANA. 3 482 3 826 6.6 5.9 13.9 61.4 30.7 81.~ 118.9 193.0 STATE. 603 1 262 127.5 10.7 -7.0 22.6 711.8 155.5 62.5 213.2 LOCAL, TOT/,L • 2 879 2 56~ -4.0 3.7 17.8 69.5 211.1 58.9 46.3 169.3 PARISHES 1 683 1 492 -4.11 2.1 38.4 113.5 37.7 75.1 90.6 273.9 MUNIC IPALITIES 1 196 1 072 -3.5 6.2 1.1 37.8 9.0 '10.7 10.2 93.9 

MAINE. 391 415 -10.7 -13.11 20.6 55.0 9.5 41.6 32.1 119.6 STATE. 305 346 -11.8 -17.2 37.7 68.8 46.6 611.0 59.7 176.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 96 69 4.3 13.1 2.8 30.2 -36.3 -15.9 -33.8 9.5 COUNT 1 ES 95 68 4.11 13.3 1.4 27.0 -35.4 -15.0 -311.5 7.9 MUNICIPALITIES 1 1 - - (X) (X) -50,0 - (X) (X) 

MARYLAND 2 450 3 395 8.9 24.4 25.3 70.0 1'1.8 40.5 113.9 138.9 STATE. 1 189 1 836 2.1 23.6 32.8 74.11 8.3 32.1 113.8 130.11 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 261 1 559 1601 ,15.3 18.3 6'1.4 21.7 51.9 ~).~ . 1119.8 COUNTIES 863 1 112 27.1 35.4 53.3 115.1 36.3 73.5 109.0 273.2 MUNICIPALITIES 398 1147 -2.2 5.7 -13.0 18.1 -1.2 16.1 -1'1.0 37.1 

MASSACHUSETTS. 4 738 6 814 12.9 311.7 37.7 65.7 35.8 90.q 87.1 215.6 STATE. 4 082 6 185 1128.8 Q23.3 30.7 115.7 580.3 7110.11 789.3 l 1211.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 656 630 -80.8 -83.7 39.2 71.8 -77.3 -77.8 -68.11 -61.9 COUNTIES 1139 430 -80.6 -83.1 44.7 81.5 -77.0 -76.3 -66.7 -57.0 MUNICIPALITIES 217 200 -81.3 -85.0 29.8 57.0 -77.9 -80.5 -71.3 -69.4 

MICHIGAN 7 031 8 1167 3.8 -4.1 17.2 57.3 18.7 30.5 39.1 105.2 STATE. 832 1 740 13.7 10.8 26.6 19.7 41. 0 60.2 78.5 91.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 199 6 726 2.6 -7.Q 16.2 60.7 16.2 24.5 35.1 100.1 coUNT I ES 4 923 5 016 3.4 -10.8 16.6 60.7 19.8 21.2 39.7 94.9 MUNIC IPALITIES 1 276 1 710 -.3 4.11 111.9 60.8 11.2 35.0 19.8 117.0 

MINNESOTA. 1 992 3 129 1.0 10.0 39.3 81.7 18.2 61. 5 611.6 193.5 STATE. 333 1 018 .3 6.3 13.9 117.3 139.6 233.8 173.0 391.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 659 2 III 1.1 11.9 4201 84.5 7.3 29.4 52.5 138.8 COUNTIES 1 659 2 111 1.1 11.9 64.6 11Q.5 7.6 2.9.7 77.1 178.1 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - -97.11 -97.6 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

MISSISSIPPI. 848 988 6.0 11.3 SLJ.5 78.6 12.5 58.1 73.8 182.3 STATE. 157 3611 2.3.6 9.0 23.11 60.1 35.3 264.7 67.0 163.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 691 624 2.7 12.6 61.9 90.6 8.3 511.5 75.Q 1911.3 COUNTIES 587 532 9.7 16.9 72.2. 1011.5 2.1 49.7 75.7 200.6 MUNIC IPALITIES 104 91 -211.6 -7.1 5.0 20.0 65.1 116.7 73.3 160.0 

MISSOURI 3 176 3 794 -5.3 7.1 29.1 79.8 5.0 49.3 35.5 168.5 STATE. 883 1 728 3.5 211.~ 79.8 1110.0 - 67.4 79.8 301.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 2. 293 2 066 8.2 -3.9 15.6 51.2 7.0 36.8 23.7 106.8 COUNTIES 1 501 1 30~ -11.1 -9.1 17.7 51.9 2.2 32.0 20.Q 100.5 MUNIC IPALITI ES 792 761 -2.2 6.6 11.2 119.7 17.5 116.1 30.7 118.7 

MONTANA. 452 478 1.6 7.4 53.11 81. 0 12.11 117.5 72.5 167.0 STATE. 63 1'19 -1.6 9.6 6.5 27.9 28.6 71.3 37.0 119.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 389 329 2.1 6.5 63.11 113.5 10.2 38.8 80.1 196.4 COUNTIES 342 288 11.6 12.1 68.9 130.8 6.5 37.1 80.0 216.~ 

MUNICIPALITIES 117 41 -13.0 -21.2 23.1 35.0 46.9 51.9 80.8 105.0 

NEBRASKA 916 1 082 1.0 9.7 36.8 101.9 5.7 30.0 411.5 162.6 STATE. q73 642 -.4 1001 295.11 205.0 9.7 31. 6 333.9 301.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 11113 4110 2.5 8.9 -17.0 211.6 1.6 27.9 -15.6 59.4 COUNTIES 321 312 .9 8.3 -21.9 20.5 -5.3 20.5 -26.0 115.1 MUNIC IPALITIES 122 128 7.0 11.3 6.6 39.3 25.8 50.6 311.1 . 100.8 

NEVADA 686 894 -.3 lQ.6 57.1 101.9 611.1 108.9 157.9 321.7 STATE. 76 1811 :::'.7 31.4 51.2 78.1 22.6 61.4 85.11 187.5 LOCAL, TOTAL . :1 610 710 -.7 10.9 58.2 112.1 71.3 126.1 171.1 379.7 COUNTIES 456 526 4.6 8.2 49.5 115.3 67.6 120.1 150.5 373.9 MUNICIPALITIES 1511 1811 13.2 19.5 95.3 100.0 83.3 1118.6 258.1 3?7.3 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 382 4311 13.7 16.4 62.4 87.3 111.7 39.5 86.3 161.Q STATE. 93 157 4.5 6.8 37.1 69.9 9.11 26.6 50.0 115.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 289 277 17.0 22.6 73.4 101.1 16.5 118.1 102.1 197.8 COUNTIES lQ5 139 14.2 111.9 93.0 116.7 5.8 33.7 104.2 189,6 MUNIC IPALITIES 144 137 20.0 30.5 ~q.2 80.11 29.7 65.1 100.0 197.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 
86 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full·time equivalent employment and payr:oll by State and type of government: 

St.ate and type of 

government 

NEW JERSEY. STATF. ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

NEW MEXICO • STATE. • • • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW YORK. • •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES. , • MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH DAKOTA • , STATE. , , • , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES , , • MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO, , • , STATE, • , • , LOCAL, T~TAL , COUNTIES • , • MU,HCIPALITIES • 

OKLAHOMA • • ., , STATE •• , • , , LOCAL, TOTAL , • COUNTIES • , • MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

OREGON • • , STATE •• , • , • LOCAL, TOTAL , , COUNTIES. , , MUNICIPALITIES, 

PENNSYLVANIA , , • , STATE, •• , , , LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • , , MUNICIPALITIES, 

RHODE ISLAND • , STATE, ••• , • LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA , , STATE, ••• , • LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES • , • MUNICI?ALITIES 

SOUTH DAKOTA , , STATE, ••• , LOCAL, TOTAL , , COUNTIES. , , MUNICIPALITIES 

TENNESSEE. .,' STATE •••• , , , LOCAL, TOTAL , • COUNTIES, , , MUNICIPALITIES 

TEXAS, , ••• , • STATE. , •• , LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES. , • MUNICIPALITIES 

UTAH, , • , • , STATE, ••• , • LOCAL, TOTAL , • , COUNTIES. , • MUNIG,IPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full .. timp 

equivalent 

employment 

'! 366 

570 

3 796 2 753 

1 043 

396 

307 

89 

28 

61 

10 829 

1 673 

9 156 2 957 6 199 

2 150 

2 028 

122 

102 

20 

249 

48 

201 

182 

19 

6 340 

407 5 933 4 304 

1 629 

1 208 

373 

835 

720 

115 

1 060 

162 

898 

762 

136 

6 842 

934 

5 908 

3 250 2 658 

435 

404 

31 

31 

796 

58 

738 

700 

38 

181 

30 

151 

131 

20 

1 464 

222 

1 242 

894 

348 

4 772 

436 

4 336 

3 583 

753 

267 

116 

151 

39 

112 

October 

payroll 

3 412 

703 

2 709 

2 122 

587 

273 

214 

59 

20 

39 

11 847 

2 571 

9 277 

2 648 6 629 

1 361 

1 299 

62 

54 

8 

161 

57 

104 

90 

15 

4 012 

655 3 S82 

2 462 

1 121 

830 

406 

425 

352 

73 

eS6 

248 

608 

510 

98 

5 125 1 156 J 969 1 790 

2 178 

301 

285 

16 

16 

529 

92 

438 

412 

26 

130 

'!5 

86 

H 

12 

1 004 

229 

776 

523 

2S3 

3 164 

620 2 599 

2 164 

434 

202 

110 

92 

24 

68 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1971·0ctober 1979-Continued 

October 1975 

Full ... timc 

cquiva lent 

employment 

5 443 

810 

4 633 J 183 1 450 

618 

487 

131 

23 

108 

12 889 

1 951 

10 938 

3 712 

7 226 

2 670 

2 210 

460 

460 

345 

64 

281 

256 

25 

7 220 

373 

6 847 

4 801 

2 046 

1 238 

425 

813 

634 

179 

1 286 

217 

1 069 

949 

120 

8 981 

1 085 7 896 

4 545 

3 351 

478 

438 

40 

40 

1 253 

87 

1 166 1 072 

94 

392 

376 

16 

16 

2 199 

322 1 877 1 359 

518 

6 567 

458 6 109 

5 082 1 027 

505 

116 

389 

199 

190 

October 

payroll 

5 303 

1 130 

4 173 

3 198 

9?q 

529 

424 

105 

18 

86 

17 410 3 887 13 523 

4 265 

9 258 

2 143 

1 804 

339 

339 

301 

100 

201 

175 

26 

6 224 

744 

5 479 

3 723 

1 756 

1 052 

530 

522 

391 

131 

1 288 

425 

863 

785 

78 

8 398 

1 921 

6 477 

3 194 3 283 

489 

464 

25 

25 

968 

132 

836 

768 

68 

432 

338 

94 

93 

1 

1 967 

495 1 473 1 046 

427 

5 569 

962 

4 607 

3 869 

738 

451 

161 

290 

152 

138 

Employment and payroll' 

October 1976 

ruLl .. tlmc 

equivalent 

employment 

5 446 

799 4 647 

3 274 

1 373 

622 

479 

143 

23 

120 

12 969 2 039 

10 930 3 747 7 183 

2 903 

2 307 

596 

596 

3J5 

52 

283 

256 

27 

7 583 

397 7 186 

5 106 

2 080 

1 3Jl 

450 

881 

677 

204 

1 339 

233 1 106 

984 

122 

9 131 1 132 7 999 

4 710 

3 289 

524 

487 

37 

37 

1 28J 

116 

1 167 1 071 

96 

450 

426 

24 

23 

1 

2 282 

350 

1 932 

1 418 

514 

7 227 

467 6 760 

5 691 

1 069 

57~ 

12t 

455 

251 

204 

October 

payro t 1 

5 549 

1 167 4 J82 

3 348 1 035 

733 

621 

112 

18 

94 

17 480 

4 090 13 390 4 454 8 936 

3 006 

2 525 

481 

481 

309 

93 

216 

189 

27 

6 607 

741 

5 865 

3 988 1 877 

1 159 

570 

589 

434 

156 

1 465 

492 

973 

889 

83 

9 619 

2 J39 7 280 3 587 3 693 

555 

530 

25 

25 

1 117 

191 

926 

848 

78 

378 

359 

19 

18 

2 231 

604 

1 627 1 172 

455 

6 396 

1 027 5 369 

4 531 

838 

547 

182 

365 

211 

153 

October 1977 

Full .. time 

equivalent 

cmp laymon!:. 

5 920 

951 

4 969 J 551 

1 418 

663 

522 

141 

21 

120 

18 911 9 719 

9 192 

2 589 6 603 

2 775 2374 

401 

401 

342 

76 

266 

239 

27 

7 857 

466 7 391 5 177 2 214 

1 320 

428 

892 

675 

?17 

1 469 

240 1 229 1 083 

146 

8 518 

1 133 

7 385 4 775 2 610 

563 

53~ 

29 

29 

1 369 

264 

1 105 1 013 

92 

409 

404 5 

5 

2 304 

394 

1 910 

1 421 

489 

8 451 

555 7 896 6 716 1 180 

529 

143 

386 

235 

151 

October 

payroll 

6 213 1 347 4 866 

3 708 

1 158 

650 

535 

114 

18 

97 

27 141 

15 456 11 684 

3 428 8 256 

2 608 

2 237 

371 

371 

349 

127 

222 

194 

28 

7 432 

973 6 4"9 

4 396 

2 063 

1 367 

700 

667 

466 

200 

1 728 

563 

1 164 

1 045 

120 

9 201 

2 315 6 886 

3 837 

3 049 

660 

637 

23 

23 

1 283 

438 

845 

779 

66 

2 404 

684 

1 720 1 264 

457 

7 952 1 309 6 643 5 675 

968 

583 

227 

355 

208 

147 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equiva Lent 

employment 

6 379 

985 

5 394 

3 88J 

1 511 

867 

670 

197 

37 

160 

1.2 7~4 

10 822 

1 902 

660 

1 242 

2 815 

2 392 

423 

423 

338 

75 

263 

235 

28 

8 178 

526 7 652 

5 553 2 099 

1 427 

431 

996 

748 

248 

1 556 

240 

1 316 

1 191 

125 

8 600 

1 119 7 481 

4 934 

2 547 

638 

609 

29 

29 

1 472 

288 

1 184 1 08J 

101 

30J 

300 3 

3 

2 570 

412 2 158 

1 637 

521 

8 523 

571 

7 952 6714 

1 238 

611 

207 

404 

227 

177 

October 

paYLooll 

7 323 1 574 5 749 

4 457 

1 292 

887 

707 

180 

34 

146 

19 781 

17 714 

2 067 

743 1 323 

2 ~11 

2 497 

415 

415 

381 

130 

251 

218 

33 

8 583 1 3)8 

7 245 5 083 2 162 

1 528 

'738 

790 

571 

218 

1 924 

611 1 )13 

1 199 

114 

9 686 2 389 7 298 

4 182 3 116 

767 

745 

23 

23 

1 474 

493 

980 

892 

89 

398 

396 2 

2 

2 852 

771 2 082 1 545 

537 

8 692 

1 383 7 309 6 217 1 092 

728 

358 

370 

225 

145 
JUDICIAL 87 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full-time equivalent employment and payroll by State and type of government: 

October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll .... Percent increase or decrease ( ... ) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

government October 1979 Oc to ber 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full .. time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

NEW JERSEY 6 447 7 669 1.1 4.7 24.7 55.4 18.4 44.6 47.7 124.8 

SrATE. 1 124 2 046 14.1 30.0 42.1 60.7 38.8 81.1 97.2 123.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL . 5 323 5 623 -1.3 -2.2 22.0 54.0 14.9 34.7 40.2 107.6 COUNTIES 3 833 4 283 -1.3 -3.9 15.6 50.7 20.4 33.9 39.2 101.8 MUNICIPALITIES 1 490 1 340 -1.4 3.7 39.0 65.9 2.8 37.6 42.9 128.3 

NEW MEXICO. 924 996 6.6 12.3 56.1 93.8 49.5 88.3 133.3 264.8 

STATE. 708 795 5.7 12.4 58.6 98.1 74.0 87.5 127.4 271. 5 

LOCAL, TOTAL 216 200 9.6 11.1 47.2 78.0 64.9 90.5 142.7 239.0 COUNTIES 40 39 8.1 14.7 -17.9 -10.0 73.9 116.7 42.9 90.0 MUNICIPALITIES 176 161 10.0 10.3 77.0 120.5 63.0 87.2 188.5 312.8 

NEW YORK 15 242 27 319 19.8 38.1 19.0 47.0 18.3 56.9 40.8 130.6 

STATE. 11 290 24 010 4.3 35.5 16.6 51.2 478.7 517.7 574.8 833.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 952 3 309 107.8 60.1 19.5 45.8 -63.9 -75.5 -56.8 -64.3 COUNTIES 947 1 151 43.5 54.9 25.5 61.1 -74.5 -73.0 -70.4 -56.5 

MUNICIPALITIES 3 005 2 158 141.9 63.1- 16.6 39.7 -58.4 -76.7 -51.5 -67.4 

NORTH CAROL INA 2 955 3 263 5.0 12.1 24.2 57.5 10.7 52.3 37.4 139.8 STATE. 2. 473 2. 764 3.'1 10.7 9.0 38.9 11.9 03.2 21.9 112.8 LOCAL 1 TOTAL '182 '199 13.9 20.2 277.0 4'16.8 4.8 '17.2 295.1 70'1.8 

COUNTIES 482 499 13.9 20.2 351. 0 027.8 4.8 47.2 372.5 824.1 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 -100.0 

NORTH DAKOTA 406 451 20.1 18.4 38.6 87.0 17.7 49.8 63.1 180.1 STATE. 89 152 18.7 16.9 33.3 75.4 39.1 52.0 85.4 166.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 317 299 20.0 19.1 39.8 93.3 12.8 48.8 57.7 187.5 COUNT I ES 276 262 17. 11 20.2 40.7 94.4 7.8 '19.7 51.6 191.1 MUN1C IPAL IT I ES 41 37 46.4 12. I 31.6 73.3 64.0 42.3 115.8 146.7 

OHIO 8 269 9 031 1.1 5.2 13.9 55.1 14.5 45.1 30.4 125.1 STATE. 5711 1 2.53 9.1 -6.4 -8.4 13.6 53.9 68.4 41.0 91.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 7 695 7 778 .6 7.4 15.4 53.0 12.4 42.0 29.7 117.1 COUNTIES 5 512 5 459 .7 7.4 11.5 51.2 14.8 46.6 2Bol 121.7 MUNICIPALITIES 2 183 2 319 4.0 7.3 25.6 56.6 6.7 32.1 34.0 106.9 

OKLAHOMA • 1 421 1 647 .4 7.8 2.5 26.7 14.6 56.6 17.6 98.4 STATE:. 430 785 -.2 6.4 13.9 30.5 1.2 48.1 15.3 93.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 991 862 .5 9.1 -2.6 22.B 21.9 65.1 18.7 102.8 COUNT I ES 754 653 .8 14.4 -11.9 11.1 18.9 67.0 4.7 85.5 MUNICIPALITIES 237 208 -4.4 -4.6 55.7 79.5 32.4 58.8 106.1 184.9 

OREGON 1 561 2 101 .3 9.2 21.3 50.5 21.4 63.1 47.3 145.4 STATE. 244 677 1.7 10.8 34.0 71.4 12.4 59.3 50.6 173.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 317 1 424 .1 8.5 19.0 41.9 23.2 65.0 46.7 134.? COUNTIES 1 184 1 294 -.6 7.9 24.5 53.9 24.8 64.8 55.4 153.7 MUNICIPALITIES 133 130 6.4 14.0 -11.8 -20.4 10.8 66.7 -2.2 32.7 

PENNSYLVANIA. 8 826 10 555 2.6 9.0 31.3 63.9 -1.7 25.7 29.1 106.0 STATE. 1 141 2 378 2.0 -.5 16.2 66.2. 5.2 23.8 22.2 105.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 7 685 8 177 2.7 12.0 33.6 63.2 -2.7 116.3 30.1 106.0 COUNTIES 5 083 4 592 3.0 9.8 39.8 78.4 11.B 43.8 56.4 156.5 MUNIC IPALITIES 2 602 3 586 2.2 15.1 26.1 50.7 -22.4 9.2 -2.1 64.6 

RHODE ISLAND 649 861 1.7 12.3 9.9 62.5 35.8 76.1 49.2 186.0 STATE. 616 831 1.1 11.5 8.4 62.8 40.6 79.1 53.2 191.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 33 30 13.8 30.4 29.0 56.~ -17.5 20.0 6.5 87.5 MUNICIPALITIES 33 30 13.8 30.4 29.0 56.3 -17.5 20.0 6.5 87.5 

SOUTH CAROLINA 1 602 1 747 8.8 18.5 57.4 83.0 27.9 BO.5 101.3 230.2 STATE. 294 555 2.1 12.6 50.0 43.5 237.9 320.5 406.9 503.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 308 1 192 10.5 21.6 58.0 90.9 12.2 42.6 77.2 172.1 COUNTIES 1 2.06 1 097 11.4 23.0 53.1 86.4 12.5 42.8 72.3 166.3 MUNICIPALITIES 102 96 1.0 7.9 147.4 151.5 8.5 41.2 168.4 269.? 

SOUTH DAKOTA • 410 431 35.3 8.3 116.6 232.3 4.6 -.2 126.5 231.5 STATE. 401 424 33.7 7.1 1 153.3 651.1 6.6 25.4 1 236.7 842.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 9 7 200.0 250.0 -89.4 9.3 -43.8 -92.6 -94.0 -91.9 COUNTIES 7 7 133.3 250.0 -87.8 25.7 -56.3 -92.5 -94.7 -90.5 MUNICIPALITIES 2, - (xl - -100.0 -91.7 (xl -100.0 -90.0 -100.0 

TENNESSEE. 2 614 3 118 1.7 9.3 50.2 95.9 18.9 58.5 78.6 210.6 STATE:. 407 826 -1.2 7.1 45.0 116.2 26.4 66.9 83.3 260.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 207 2 292 2.3 10.1 51.1 89.8 17.6 55.6 77.7 195.4 COUNTIES 1 714 1 756 4.7 13.7 52.0 100.0 26.1 67.9 91.7 235.8 MUNlqPALITIES 493 536 -5.4 -.2 48.9 68.8 -4.8 25.5 41.7 111.9 

TEXAS. 9 1q5 9 801 7.3 12.8 37.6 76.0 39.3 76.0 91.6 209.8 STATE. .' . ;'" .: 590 1 579 3.3 14.2 5.0 55.2 28.8 64.1 35.3 154.7 LOCAL, TOTAL B 555 8 221 7.6 12.5 40.9 77.3 40.0 78.4 97.3 215.3 COUNTIES 7 091 6 846 5.6 10.1 41.8 78.8 39.5 76.9 97.9 216.4 MUNICIPALITIES 1 464 1 375 18.3 25.9 36.4 70.0 42.6 86.3 94.4 2,15.8 

UTAH 634 797 3.8 9.5 B9.1 123.3 25.5 76.7 137.5 294.6 STATE. 205 394 -1.0 10.1 - 46.4 76.7 144.7 76.7 25B.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 429 403 . 6.2 8.9 157.6 215.2 10.3 39.0 184.1 338.0 COUNTIES 233 225 2.6 - 410.3 533.3 17.1 48.0 497.4 837.5 MUNICIPALITIES 196 177 10.7 22.1 69.6 102.9 3.2 28.3 75.0 160.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 
88 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial fUll-time equivalent employment and payroll by State and type of government: 

State and type of 

government 

VERMONT. STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES •••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

VIRGINIA • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WASHINGTON • STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

WEST VIRGINIA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WISCONSIN. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNlC IPALITi.ES 

WYOMING. STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll Ti ES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

165 

16q 

1 

1 

2 OQ9 

529 1 520 

378 1 H2 

1 Q17 

20q 1 213 

990 

223 

q59 

95 

36q 

351 

13 

1 627 

q23 1 20q 1 161 

q3 

127 

39 

88 

79 

9 

October 

payroll 

1qO 

138 

1 

1 

1 

1372 

50q 

916 

259 

657 

98Q 

2q1 

786 

6q5 

1q1 

296 

107 

197 

189 8 

1 3qq 

622 

791 

756 

35 

86 

qq 

42 

35 

7 

Sec footnotes at end of table. 

October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

17q 

156 

18 

18 

2 q38 1 397 1 Oq1 

568 

u73 

1 719 

227 1 u92 

1 263 

229 

673 

96 

577 

5u7 

30 

1 886 

U2U 1 u62 1 u07 

55 

216 

50 

166 

139 

27 

October 

payroll 

181 

170 

11 

11 

2 376 1 505 

871 

u95 

376 

1 713 

3u3 1 370 1 142 

228 

u78 

128 

350 

329 

20 

1 991 

700 1 291 1 2U9 

U2 

182 

81 

101 

8u 

16 

Employment and payrolll 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

197 

166 

31 

31 

.2 797 1 62q 1 173 

689 

uau 

1 805 

251 1 55u 1 321 

233 

818 

216 

602 

572 

30 

1 915 

u12 1 503 1 U2U 

79 

2u5 

51 

19U 

160 

3u 

October 

payroll 

201 

181 

21 

21 

2 79q 1 761 1 032 

637 

396 

1 899 

369 1 530 1 30q 

227 

692 

307 

385 

362 

23 

2 191 

718 1 q73 1 ql0 

6q 

210 

85 

125 

105 

20 

Dc caber 1977 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

206 

175 

31 

31 

2 507 1 qq9 

1 058 

567 

q91 

1 8H 

282 1 592 

1 317 

275 

1 083 

619 

q6q 

q20 

qq. 

2 051 

,..25 1 626 1 523 

103 

268 

~J 

205 

162 

q3 

Octc;ber 

pny'J'Ll 

2qq 

223 

21 

21 

28H 

.1 869 

9q5 

521 

q2u 

2 155 

qU9 1 706 1 q2q 

283 

96q 

661 

303 

270 

33 

2 390 

761 1 629 1 5q5 

8q 

238 

10q 

lJq 

100 

3q 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

215 

186 

29 

29 

2 603 1 6q9 

95q 

517 

q37 

2 135 

3q3 1 792 1 q87 

305 

1 08Y 

632 

q57 

U16 

ql 

2 088 

u88 1 600 1 511 

89 

28U 

65 

219 

175 

uq 

October 

payroll 

2 970 2 026 

9uq 

536 

q08 

2 528 

529 1 999 1 665 

335 

1 028 

702 

326 

293 

33 

2 7q7 1 OQ9 1 698 1 60u 

9q 

277 

125 

151 

118 

3q 
i 

JUDICIAL 89 

Table 21. Percent change in judicial full-time equivalent employment and payroll by State and type of government: 

.. -

Employment and payroll .... 

Continued 

State and type of October 1979 

~"wernment 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

VERMONT. 229 STATE. 188 

LOCAL I TOTAL ql 

COUNTIES q1 

MUNIC IPALITIES - VIRGINIA 2 572 3 STATE. 1 q63 2 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 109 1 

-- COUNTIES 550 MUNICIPALITIES 559 

WASHINGTON 2 159 2 STATE. 337 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 822 2 COUNTIES 1 529 1 MUNIC IPALITIES 293 

\VEST VIRGINIA. 1 1Q2 1 STATE. 673 

LO~~bNT;~~A: 469 

431 MUNICIPALITIES 38 

WISCONSIN. 2 271 2 STATE. 663 1 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 608 1 COUNTIES 1 518 1 MUNICIPALITIES 90 

WYOMING. 2Q8 

STATE. 78 LOCAL, TOTAL 220 COUNTIES 171 MUNICIPALITIES 49 

.. Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

X Not applicable. 

290 

256 

3q 

3q 

-

299 

136 

163 

581 

582 

912 

626 

286 

915 

372 

121 

782 

339 

310 

29 

991 

155 

835 

736 

99 

36'; 

14') 

218 

176 

Q2 

October 1971-0ctober 1979-Cont,inued 

Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) 

Octobi":;1: 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment 

6.5 9.8 5.5 29.3 31.6 60.2 38.8 107.1 1.1 5.8 -q.9 23.2 20.5 50.6 lq.6 85.5 ql.q. 5LJ.5 1 700.0 1 000.0 127.8 209.1 q 000.0 3 300.0 41.4 54.5 1 700.0 1 000.0 127.8 209.1 q 000.0 3 300.0 

- - - -100.0 - - - -100.0 

-1.2 11.1 19.0 73.2 5.5 38.8 25.5 1110.5 -11.3 5.q 16Q.1 198.6 Q.7 111.9 176.6 323.8 16.2 23.2 -31.5 -11.9 6.5 33.5 -27.0 27.0 6.11 8.11 50.3 91.1 -3.2 17.4 115.5 124.3 27.9 42.6 -58.6 -42.8 18.2 54.8 -51.1 -11.Q 

1.1 15.2 21.3 7Q.1 25.6 70.0 52.lt 195.9 -1.7 18.3 11.3 42.3 118.5 82.5 65.2 159.8 1.7 111.il 23.0 74.3 22.1 66.9 50.2 190.8 2.8 111.11 23.0 711.3 22.1 66.9 50.2 190.8 -3.9 11.0 2.7 61.7 27.9 28.5 31.11 163.8 

11.9 9.0 46.6 61. 5 69.7 134.5 148.8 278.7 6.5 11. 4 1.1 19.6 601.0 510.9 608.4 630.8 2.6 4.0 58.5 77.7 18.7 -3.1 28.8 72.1 3.6 5.8 55.8 74.1 21.2 -5.8 22.8 6Q.O -7.3 -12.1 130.8 150.0 26.7 45.0 192.3 262.5 

8.8 8.8 15.9 48.1 20.Q 50.2 39.6 122.5 35.9 10.1 .2 12.5 56.4 65.0 56.7 85.7 .5 8.1 21.4 63.2 10.0 42.1 33.6 132.0 .5 8.2 21.2 65.2 7.9 39.0 30.7 129.6 1.1 5.3 27.9 20.0 63.6 135.7 109.3 182.9 

4.9 31.8 70.1 111.6 38.0 100.5 134.6 324.4 20.0 16.8 28.2 84.1 56.0 80.2 100.0 231.8 .5 44.4 88.6 140.5 32.5 110.8 150.0 419.0 2.3 49.2 75.9 140.0 23.0 109.5 116.5 '102.9 11.11 23.5 200.0 128.6 81.5 162.5 444.4 500.0 

lOnta for municipalities, and the local governments totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject to sampling variationj data for counties (boroughs, parishes) are 

baaed on a canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject: to sampling variationj see text for data limitations. Payroll amounts are in thousands of dollars. 
Section V. LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION 
LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION 

Table 22. Percent change in legal services and prosecution total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of governme'nt: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Tottll expenditure! Percent increase or decrease (-) 

91 

government I 1911 1915 1916 1971 1918 1919 1978 to 1919 1911 to 1915 1915 to 1919 1911 to 1919 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL • 402 578 755 851 898 527 1 039 7110 1 2411 334 1 383 982 11.2 87.8 83.1 2'13.8 STATES 109 4911 219 247 253 591 3111 472 400 367 11511 797 13.6 100.2 107.4 315.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 295 1115 5112 '140 635 502 745 585 862 0911 956 979 11.0 83.6 76.11 223.9 COUNTIES 171 8111 319 540 396 489 1159 134 519 871 580 5411 11.7 86.0 81.7 237.9 MUNICIPALITIES 123 753 223 282 257 456 287 201 3113 217 377 274 9.9 80.4 69.0 204.9 

ALABAMA. 2 996 6 4211 7 515 8 076 10 780 12 828 19.0 114.4 99.7 328.2 STATE. 1 1167 3 097 3 757 3 763 5 512 7 238 31.3 111.1 133.7 393.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 529 3 3111 3 760 4313 5 270 5 598 6.2 118.5 67.6 266.1 COUNTIES. 928 1 9811 2 423 2 893 3 410 3 506 2.8 113.8 76.7 277.8 MUNICIPALITIES 601 1 360 1 337 1 '420 1 860 2 097 12.7 126.3 54.2 248.9 

ALASKA. 2 919 5 588 6 107 7 975 9 977 111 1160 44.9 91.4 158.8 395.4 STATE:. 2 377 4 070 4 580 5 817 7 226 9 834 36.1 71.2 Hl.6 313.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 588 1 518 1 527 2 162 2 770 4 638 67.4 158.2 205.5 688.8 BOROUGHS 264 601 350 379 456 1 002 119.7 127.7 66.7 279.5 MUNICIPALITIES 324 917 1 177 1 782 2 345 3 636 55.1 183.0 296.5 1 022.2 

ARIZONA. 4 314 10 145 12 322 15 224 18 928 22 315 17.9 135.2 120.0 417.3 STATEo 601 1 745 2 555 3 114 3 883 5 147 32.6 190.3 195.0 756.11 LOCAL, TOTAL. 3713 8 400 9 767 12 110 15 045 17 168 14.1 126.2 104.4 362.4 COUNTIES 2 248 5 636 6 335 7 998 10 153 11 944 17.6 150.7 111.9 431.3 MUNICIPALITIES 1 464 2 775 3 435 4 112 4 892 5 224 6.8 89.5 88.3 256.8 

ARKANSAS 1 1176 2 763 3 546 3 601 4 387 5 127 16.9 87.2 85.6 247.4 STATt. 600 944 984 996 1 055 1 1211 6.5 57.3 19.1 87.3 LOCAL, TOTAL • e.g 3 1 829 2 581 2 617 3 1132 4 012 16.9 104.8 119.4 349.3 COUNTIES 443 1 176 1 790 1 662 2 397 2 910 21.4 165.5 1117.4 556.9 MUNICIPALITIES 451 655 804 978 1 059 1 106 4.'1 45.2 68.9 145.2 

CALIFORNIA. 79 059 137 385 1?q 789 205 211 257 541 259 322 .7 73.8 88.8 228.0 STATE. 12 22.1 21 628 23 930 25 999 5; 058 40 601 -26.3 77.0 87.7 232.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 66 83·8 115 757 150 861 179 212 20~). 510 219 119 8.2 73.2 89.3 227.8 COUNTIES 50 101 88 1179 118 891 140 234 150 689 172 089 10.5 76.6 94.5 2113.5 MUNICIPALITIES 16 77j 27 290 32 036 39 120 46 921 47 379 1.0 62.7 73.6 182.5 

COLORADO. II 717 12 876 15 360 18 524 20 413 23 020 12.8 173.0 78.8 388.0 STATE. 383 2 760 3 460 4 249 4 510 4 6211 2.5 620.6 67.5 1 107.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 4 334 10 116 11 900 14 275 15 903 18 410 15.8 133.4 82.0 3211.8 COUNTIES 2 1128 5 375 6 981 8 557 9 901 11 423 15.4 121.4 112.5 370.5 MUNICIPALITIES 1 915 II 852 5 044 5 895 6 261 7 211 15.2 153.4 48.6 276.6 

CONNECTICUT. 5 677 8 989 8 946 9 995 11 1106 13 902 21.9 58.3 511 .7 1411.9 STATE:. 4 112 5 659 5 629 5 940 7 198 9 5911 33.3 37.6 69.5 133.3 LOCAL, TOTAL • 1 565 3 480 3 339 4 055 II 208 II 308 2.4 122.4 23.8 175.3 MUNICIPALITIES 1 565 3 1180 3 343 II 055 II 2911 4 308 .3 122.11 23.8 175.3 

DELAWARE • 899 1 949 2 082 2 531 2 9::2 3 095 5.6 116.8 58.8 21111.3 STATE. 607 1 3116 1 361 1 766 2 109 2 169 2.8 121.7 61.1 257.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 292 603 721 765 82;1 926 12.5 106.5 53.6 217.1 COUrnIES 91 186 297 3115 .3H.1 3115 9.5 lM.11 85.5 279.1 MUNICIPALITIES 201 1118 425 421 BOa 581 111.4 108.0 39.0 189.1 

DISTRICT OF 

~(ll,.lrMaIA; 

LOCAL, TOTAL 2 236 6 736 'I 095 3 989 6 993 6 482 -7.3 201.3 -3.8 189.9 

FLORIDA. 15 193 29 5111 33 317 III 199 116 486 51 238 10.2 94.4 73.LI 237.2 STATE:. 5 366 20 7ql 22 552 28 200 32 q16 3q 3011 5.8 286.5' 65. q 539.:S LOCAL, TOTAL " 9 827 8 803 10 765 12 999 lq 071 16 93q 20.3 -10. q 92.q 72.3 COUNTIES 6 207 3 709 4 292 5 883 6 200 8 504 37.2 -40.2 129.3 37.0 MUNICIPALITIES 3 6;"0 5 105 6 q72 7 115 7 872 8 460 7.5 ql.Q 65.7 133.7 

GEORGIA. 6 273 10 632 11 700 11 970 15 087 la 221 20.8 69.5 7l.lJ 190.5 STATE. 2 301 3 478 3 989 q 255 5 502 6 416 16.6 51.2 aq.5 178.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 972 7 157 7 711 7 715 9 585 11 80'/ 2.>.2 aO.2 65.0 197.3 COUNTIES 3 130 5 28q 5 967 6 005 7 qaq 8 063 7.7 68.8 52.6 157.6 MUNICIPALITIES 842 1 875 1 7q6 1 709 2 103 3 746 78.1 122.7 99.8 3q4.9 

HAWAII 2 999 q 039 5 719 5 956 6 q30 6 987 8.7 34.7 73.0 133.0 STATE. 1 090 1 655 2 235 2 124 2 190 2 411 10.1 51.8 45.7 121.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 909 2 38q 3 48q )\ 832 q 2qO 1/ 576 7.9 24.9 91.9 139.7 COUNTIES. 481 611/ 963 1 243 1 392 1 39q ,.1 27.7 127.0 189.8 MUNIC IPALITIES 1 q28 1 770 2 521 2 589 2 848 3 182 11.7 23.9 79.8 122.8 

IDAHO. 1 209 2 357 2 898 4 ,1.28 4 847 5 81/8 20.7 95.0 148.1 383.7 STATE. 293 628 7a6 1 572 1 833 2 590 41.3 llq.3 312.4 7Sq.0 l.OCAL, TOTAL. 916 1 729 2 112 2 656 3 01q 3 258 8.1 a8.8 88.q 255.7 COUNTIES 696 1 248 1 1185 2 Oe:16 2 198 2 339 6.4 79.3 87. q 236.1 MUNICIPALITIES 220 q81 627 631 816 919 12.6 118.6 91.1 317.7 

ILLINOIS 22 257 35 892 44 954 49 0011 52 595 59 8q9 13.8 61.3 66.7 168.9 STATE. 7 837 10 183 13 667 lq 528 lq 120 15 689 11.1 29.9 5q.l 100.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 15 316 27 204 32 802 36 665 41 Oq4 1/6 769 13.9 77.6 71.9 205.Q COUNTIES 10 387 18 133 23 045 25 556 29 Q33 31 509 7.1 7Q.6 73.8 203.4 14UNIC IPALIT IES Q 933 9 072 9 765 11 117 11 619 15 275 31.5 83.9 68.4 209.6 

INDIANA. 6 100 10 406 12 542 16 24Q 16 663 18 ~'93 12.8 70.6 80.6 208.1 STATE. 2 238 4 214 1/ 773 6 054 5 311 6 181 16.4 88.3 46.7 176.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 3 906 6 232 7 896 10 198 11 353 12 622 11.2 59.5 102.5 223.1 COUNTIES 2 152 3 1179 4 358 5 018 6 092 6 7'l3 11.5 61.7 95.3 215.7 MUNICIPALITIES 1 757 2 761 3 540 5 186 5 261 5 8)11 10.8 57.1 111.2 231.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 
92 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

lable 22. Percent ~hange in legal services and prosecutioln total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

.. Total expenditure! Percent inCrC9Sc. or decrease (-) State and type of 

governmentl 

1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 

IOWA 3 643 6 607 7 719 9 217 10 297 12 !IO, 20., 81.4 87.8 STArE. 742 1 836 1 937 2 468 2 838 3 1115 10.8 147.4 7l.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 901 4 771 , 782 6 7" 7 459 9 260 24.1 64.5 911.1 COUNTIES 2 140 3 310 4 202 4 853 5 184 6 516 25.7 54.7 96.9 MUNIC IPALITI ES 761 1 495 1 602 1 904 2 277 2 760 21.2 96.5 84.6 

KANSAS 3 266 8 5,7 9 339 11 301 12 649 13 048 3.2 162.0 52.5 STATE. 55.3 3 745 3 532 3 988 5 273 5 068 -3.9 577.2 35.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 713 4 813 5 807 7 313 7 376 7 987 8.3 77.4 6,.9 COUNTI ES ... 1 884 3 376 4 198 5 476 5 132 5 531 7.8 79.2 63.8 MUNICIPALITIES 829 1 438 1 620 1 837 2 250 2 457 9.2 73.5 70.9 

KENTUCKY 2 977 9 074 7 956 12 1112 II) 818 19 861 34.0 204.8 118.9 STATE. 967 4 007 5 675 10 698 10 914 15 197 39.2 314.4 279.3 LOCAL, TOTAL • 2 010 5 067 5 289 7 080 6 510 4 664 -28.4 152.1 -8.0 COUNTIES 1 081 3 066 2 992 4 454 3 836 2 644 -31.1 183.6 -13.8 MUNIC IPALITIES 929 2 001 2 297 2 627 2 674 2 020 -24.5 115.4 .9 

LOUISIANA. 5 454 10 862 14 547 17 917 Ie 677 20 520 9.9 99.2 88.9 STATE. 2 585 5 420 7 ,29 8 348 6 892 8 118 J.7 .8 109.7 119.8 LOCAL, TOTAL • 2 869 5 442 7 018 9 571 11 785 12 402 5.2 89.7 127.9 PARISHES 1 422 2 784 3 730 4 756 6 24, , 824 -6.7 9,.8 109.2 MUNICIPALITIES 1 462 2 667 3 289 4 81, , ,53 6 579 18., 82.4 146.7 

MAINE. 934 2 020 2 321 2 767 :3 182 3 833 20.5 116.3 89.8 STATE. 689 1 423 1 537 1 802 2 049 <: 391 16.7 lor. , 68.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 245 598 78, 966 1 136 1 443 27.0 14. ,t 141.3 COUNTIES 89 22, 322 415 540 794 47.0 152.J 252.9 MUNICIPALITI ES 1% 374 463 551 600 658 9.7 139.7 75.9 

MARYLANO • 6 464 12 977 15 4,3 16 175 18 213 20 731 13.8 100.8 59.8 STATE. 1 030 1 791 2 207 2 352 2 769 2 708 -2.2 73.9 ,1.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL 5 434 11 186 13 246 13 823 15 41)4 18 023 16.7 105.9 61.1 COUNTIES 2 630 6 194 7 563 8 321 9 5 III 12 007 25.8 135.5 93.8 MUNICIPALITIES 2 605 4 991 5 683 5 502 5 904 6 016 1.9 77.9 20., 

MASSACHUSETTS. 7 497 16 567 19 080 20 034 23 219 28 191 21.4 121.0 70.2 STATE:. 3 128 0 216 5 021 6 969 10 1169 12 259 17.1 66.8 135.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 4 369 11 35~ 13 565 13 06, 12 750 15 932 2,.0 159.9 40.3 COUNTIES 637 2 883 3 340 3 651 3 679 5 281 43.5 3:;2.6 83.2 MUNICIPALITIES 3 732 8 /)72 10 225 9 414 9 226 10 653 15.5 127.0 2,.7 

MICHIGAN • 16 065 34 012 39 209 44 222 47 938 ,6 38, 17.6 111.7 65.8 STATE. 3 639 7 422 8 408 9 468 11 353 26 "II 133.9 104.0 257.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 12 426 26 593 30 801 34 754 37 393 41 540 1l.1 114.0 56.2 COUNTIES 8 199 17 254 20 661 22 89' 24 749 27 023 9.2 110.4 56.6 MUNICIPALITIES 4 227 9 384 10 198 11 865 12 678 14 518 14., 122.0 ,4.7. 

fllNNESOTA. 6 165 11 323 14 0,7 18 412 24 054 26 778 11.3 83.7 136., STATE. 1 330 1 934 3 013 4 190 5 359 , 629 5.0 4,.4 191.1 LOC'AL, TOTAL • 4 839 9 389 11 359 14 ,68 18 995 21 149 11.3 94.0 12,.3 COUNTIES 2 828 5 544 6 970 9 182 13 272 14 234 7.2 96.0 156.7 11UNICIPALITIES 2 012 3 8,8 4 410 5 386 5 728 6 946 21.3 91.7 80.0 

MISSISSIPPI. 1 613 3 581 4 044 4 655 5 260 6 204 17.9 122.0 73.2 STATE. 882 1 788 1 884 2 597 2 741 3 ;,36 29.0 102.7 97.8 LOCAL, TOTAL • 731 1 793 2 160 2 05e 2 519 2 668 5.9 !q~.~ 48.8 eeUfJ'f lEO 440 i i~3 1 135 1 Ibb 1 489 1 ,20 2: 11 151.8 35:8 MUNIC IPALITIES 28, 670 1 026 893 1 033 1 1113 10.6 135.1 70.6 

MISSOURI 6 377 11 350 12 127 14 569 lG 466 18 185 10.4 78.0 60.2 STATE. 892 1 5,1 1 383 2 ,35 2 716 3 118 14.8 73.9 101.0 LOCAL, TOTAL • 5 48, 9 799 10 744 12 034 14 107 15 383 8.7 78.7 57.0 COUNT I ES 2 651 4 983 5 662 6 076 7 OLIO 8 1141 19.8 88.0 69.4 MUNICIPALITIES 2 834 4 819 5 081 5 Q56 7 112 6 942 -2.4 70.0 114.1 

MONTANA. 1 570 2 541 3 263 3 988 4 1119 4 203 1.3 61.8 65.4 STATE. 616 65, 1 023 1 098 1 oo~ 1 272 25.9 6.3 94.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 954 1 886 2 240 2 ago 3 147 2 931 -6.9 97.7 55.4 COUNTIES 73) 1 483 1 803 2 405 2 439 2 286 -6.3 102.9 54.1 MUNIC IPALIT I ES 222 403 436 1193 708 64, -8.9 81., 60.0 

NEBRASKA • 2 720 4 702 , ,40 , 951 6 508 7 599 16.8 72.9 61.6 S'fATE. 312 417 553 682 925 1 200 29.7 33.7 187.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 408 4 285 4 987 5 269 5 ,83 6 399 14.6 77.9 49.3 COUNTIES 1 526 2 940 3 ,95 3 719 3 824 4 483 17.2 92.7 ,2., MUNIC IPALITI ES 881 1 346 1 392 1 550 1 759 1 919 9.1 52.8 42.6 

NEVAOA • 2 637 , 217 6 494 7 670 8 215 8 929 8.7 97.8 71.2 STATE. 436 1 062 1 416 1 5,8 1 814 1 838 1.3 143.6 73.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 201 4 1" 5 078 6 112 6 401 7 091 10.8 , 88.8 70.7 COUNHES 1 761 3 081 3 924 4 801 .~ 971 5 ,23 1l.1 75.0 79.3 MUNICIPALITIES 441 1 074 1 154 1 311 1 1130 1 568 9.7 143.5 46.0 

NEW HAMPSH IRE. 629 1 342 1 608 2 005 2 290 2 817 23.0 113.4 109.9 STATE. 386 638 789 994 1 019 1 317 29.2 65.3 106.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 243 704 819 1 011 1 271 1 ,00 18.0 189.7 113.1 COUNTIES 84 249 337 436 495 ,60 13.1 196.4 124.9 MUN IC IPALITI ES 159 454 483 575 776 940 210l 185., 107.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 

to 1979 

240.5 

323.9 

219.2 

204.5 

262.7 

~99.5 

816.5 

194.4 

193.6 

196.4 

567.1 

1 471.6 

132.0 

144.6 

117.4 

276.2 

214.0 

332.3 

309.6 

350.0 

310. 11 

2117.0 

1)89.0 

792.1 

321.8 

220.7 

162.9 

231.7 

306.5 

114.5 

276.0 

291.9 

264.7 

729.0 

18,.5 

251.0 

629.7 

234.3 

229.6 

243.5 

334.4 

;323.2 

337.1 

403.3 

245.2 

284.6 

300.9 

;>1\5.Q 

241.9 

301.1 

18,.2 

249.6 

180.5 

218.4 

145.0 

167.7 

106.5 

207.2 

212.7 

190.5 

179.4 

284.6 

165.7 

193.8 

117.8 

238.6 

321.6 

222.2 

213.6 

25,.6 

347.9 

241.2 

517.3 

566.7 

491.2 
LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION 

Table 22. Percent change in legal services and prosecution total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total expenditure 1

• Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) 

government 1 

1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 

NEW JERSEY. 17 784 42 264 45 581 52 792 58 944 65 383 10.9 137.7 5l1.7 

STATE. 3 270 7 189 7 457 9 260 11 512 13 230 14.9 119.8 84.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL 14 514 35 075 38 124 43 532 47 432 52 153 10.0 141.7 48.7 

COUNTIES 10 863 25 696 28 983 33 011 34 951 38 508 10.2 136.5 49.9 MUNICIPALITIES 3 651 9 379 9 142 10 521 12 482 13 645 9.3 156.9 45.5 

NEW ~IEX ICO • 1 976 3 722 II 599 6 146 8 327 9 509 14.2 88.4 155.5 

STATE. 1 515 2 543 3 143 4 779 6 517 7 367 13.0 67.9 189.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 461 1 179 1 458 1 374 1 814 2 171 19.7 155.7 84'! COUNT IES 90 292 386 260 484 586 21.1 224.4 100.7 MUNICIPALITIES 371 892 1 077 1 114 1 330 1 585 19.2 140.4 77.7 

NEW YORK • 57 210 94 632 117 699 129 464 163 435 183 995 12.6 65.4 94.4 STATE. 15 210 23 607 27 595 33 848 39 575 49 525 25.1 55.2 109.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 42 016 71 310 90 384 95 914 124 211 134 871 8.6 69.7 89.1 COUNTIES 13 292 25 13'1 28 656 31 086 35 071 38 713 10.4 89.1 54.0 11UNICIPALITIES 28 724 46 176 61 728 64 8112 89 143 96 159 7.9 60.8 108.2 

NORTH CAROLINA 3 356 7 818 8 469 11 402 21 553 25 776 19.6 133.0 229.7 STATE. . , .. 2. 373 5 23U 5 415 8 016 17 397 21 682 24.6 120.4 314.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 983 2 588 3 054 3 386 4 156 4 094 -1.5 163.3 58.2 COUNTI ES 276 1 037 1 299 1 448 1 723 1 935 12.3 275.7 86.6 MUNICIPALITIES 707 1 550 1 755 1 942 2 433 2 160 -11.2 119.2 39.4 

NORTH DAKOTA. 1 027 1 726 2 353 2 920 2 982 3 191 7 ;0 68.1 84.9 STATE. 194 522 935 1 234 1 118 1 071 -4.2 169.1 105.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL 833 1 204 1 418 1 686 1 864 2 120 13.7 44.5 76.1 COUNTIES. 677 952 1 170 1 340 1 501 1 691 12.7 '10.6 77.6 MUNICIPALITIES 155 252 248 346 365 428 17.3 62.6 69.8 

OHIO. 14 886 32 136 34 '184 38 858 43 791 50 211 \4.7 115.9 56.2 STATE. 2 850 11 302 10 675 12 208 13 OEl7 13 096 .1 296.6 15.9 LOCAL, TOTr,L 12 036 20 834 23 811 26 652 30 706 37 115 20.9 73.1 78.1 COUNTIES 5 891 10 309 12 291 14 342 16 887 20 860 23.5 75.0 102.3 MUNIC IPAL IT I ES 6 146 10 586 11 521 12 451 13 847 16 329 17.9 72.2 54.3 

OKLAHOMA. 6 '122 6 674 7 508 9 719 10 467 11 585 10.7 3.9 73.6 STATE. 3 773 II 5112 4 952 6 161 7 003 6 809 -2.8 20.4 49.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 155 4 '199 5 007 5 722 6 293 7 866 25.0 42.6 7'1.8 COUNTIE~ 2 255 2 899 3 139 3 528 3 762 4 942 31.4 28.6 70.5 MUNICIPALITIES 926 1 605 1 867 2 209 2. 577 2 924 13.5 73.3 82.2 

OREGON • 6 765 13 260 16 916 19 170 23 880 27 252 14.1 96.0 105.5 STATE. 3 247 5 924 7 879 8 922 12 106 15 476 27.8 82.4 161. 2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 3 523 7 336 9 037 10 248 11 999 14 165 18.1 108.2 93.1 COUNTIES 2 510 5 597 7 066 8 014 9 621 10 976 14.1 123.0 96.1 MUNIC IPALIT IES 1 014 1 740 1 971 2 234 2 378 3 189 34.1 71.6 83.3 

PENNSYLVANIA. 16 339 31 217 36 360 36 907 '13 36l/ 54 371 25.'1 91.1 7'1.2 STATE. 2 241 5 517 6 813 11 195 8 284 15 634 88.7 1'16.2 183.'1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 14 098 25 700 29 547 30 953 35 831 38 949 8.7 82.3 51.6 COUNTIES 6 270 11 818 1'~ 050 15 178 17 646 19 481 10.4 88.5 64.8 MUNIC IPAL IT I E5 7 839 13 883 15 496 15 775 18 185 19 468 7.1 77.1 40.2 

RHODE ISLAND 818 1 978 2 573 3 2110 3 445 3 776 9.6 141.8 90.9 STATE. 446 1 172 1 711 2 233 2 482 2 768 11.5 162.8 136.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 372 806 862 1 007 963 1 008 4.7 116.7 25.1 11UNIEIPALITICO Yi;! SOu 862 1 007 9b3 1 008 4. "I l1G.7 2n.l 

SOUTH CAROLINA 1 415 3 451 4 54l/ 6 233 7 l/23 9 '143 27.2 143.9 173.6 STATE. 789 1 875 2 437 3 531 " 467 5 5~7 24.2 137.6 195.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 626 1 577 2 107 2 857 :I 541 3 896 10.0 151.9 147.1 COUNTIES 428 1 025 1 561 2 107 2 630 3 043 15.7 139.5 196.9 MUNICIPALITIES 197 564 563 750 920 854 -7.2 186.3 51.11 

SOUTH DAKOTA • 948 2 780 3 3'15 3 559 3 676 3 967 7.9 193.;' 42.7 STATE. 161 1 336 1 69G 1 916 A 752 1 805 3.0 729.8 35.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 788 1 444 1 649 2 104 2 244 2 162 -3.7 83.2 49.7 COUNTIES 636 1 15'1 1 335 1 793 1 838 1 686 -8.3 81.4 46.1 MUNIC IPALITIES 152 290 313 325 406 476 17.2 90.8 6'1.1 

TENNESSEE. ~ ~oa 7 '119 8 551 10 859 13 391 14 776 10.3 76.3 99.2 STATE. 2 338 4 511 5 110 6 777 8 789 10 311 17.3 92.9 128.6 LOCAL, TOTAL • 1 870 2 908 3 4'12 4 082 4 602 4 572 -.7 55. ;, 57.2 COUNTIES 717 1 012 1 400 1 559 1 672 1 751 4.7 41.1 73.0 MUNICIPALITIES 1 154 1 896 2 042 2 526 2 931 2 821 -3.8 6'1.3 48.8 

TEXAS. 18 236 33 027 41 727 '15 802 52 730 56 927 8.0 81.1 72.4 STATE. 3 922 7 272 10 257 10 112 J2- 258 13 657 11.4 85.'1 87.8 LOCAL, TOTAL • 14 314 25 773 31 485 35 700 10 605 '15 715 12.6 80.1 77.4 COUNTIES ... 9 879 18 427 23 104 26 423 30 551 33 293 9.0 86.5 80.7 MUNICIPALITIES 4 '137 7 3'17 8 382 9 304 10 154 12 426 22.4 65.6 69.1 

UTAH. 1 431 3 398 4 107 4 858 6 994 7 771 11.1 137.5 128.7 STATE. 636 1 353 1 164 1 476 2 284 2 578 12.9 112.7 90.0 LOCAL, TOTAL • 795 2 318 3 153 3 669 5 039 5 '124 7.6 191. 6 13l1.0 

COUNTIES '. 515 1 579 2 420 2 768 3 264 3 806 16.6 206.6 141.0 

MUNIC IPALIT I ES 279 739 789 901 1 774 1 618 -8.8 164.9 118.9 

See footnotes Dt end of table. 

93 

to 1979 

267.7 

304.6 

259.3 

254.5 

273.7 

381.2 

386.3 

370.9 

5~1.1 

327.2 

221.6 

225.6 

221.0 

191.3 

234.8 

668.1 

813.7 

316.5 

601.1 

205.5 

210.7 

ll!lt!.l 

154.5 

1'19.8 

176.1 

2'7.3 

309.5 

208.4 

25'1.1 

165.7 

80.4 

80.5 

1'19.3 

119.2 

215.8 

302.8 

376.6 

302.1 

337.3 

214.5 

232.8 

[)97.6 

176.3 

~10.7 

148.3 

361.6 

520.6 

171.0 

17 i. u 

567.3 

603.0 

022.4 

611.0 

333.5 

318.5 

1 021.1 

174." 

165.1 

213.2 

251.1 

341.0 

1114.5 

1'14.2 

144.5 

212.2 

248.2 

219.4 

237.0 

180.1 

443.0 

305.3 

582.3 

639.0 

'179.9 
94 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 22. Percent change in legal services and prosecution total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971·197~-Continued 

>" 

State and type of 

government 1 

1971 

VERMONT. 973 

STATE. 907 

LOCAL. TOTAL 66 

COUNTIES 1 

MUNICIPALITIES 64 

VIRGINIA. 5 436 STATE. 1 698 LOCAL. TOTAL 3 768 COUNT I ES 1 267 MUNICIPALITIES 2 543 

WASHINGTON. 6 143 STATE:. 1 029 LOCAL. TOTAL • 5 359 COUNTIES 3 543 MLJNIC IPALITIES 1 817 

WEST VIRGINIA. 1 776 STATE. 593 LOCAL. TOTAL 1 183 COUNTIES. 974 MUN IC I PALITI ES 209 

WISCONSIN. 8 430 STATE. 2 508 LOCAL. TOTAL 6 442 COUNTIES 3 629 MUNICIPALITIES 2 820 

WYOMING. 665 STATE. 114 LOCAL. TOTAL. 551 COUNTIES. 439 MUNIC IPALIT I ES 112 

.. Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

X Not: applicable. 

1975 

1 581 

1 291 

290 

-290 

10 868 

:3 425 

7 598 

3 348 

4 261 

13 132 

4 357 

9 103 6 150 

2 954 

:3 254 

913 2 342 

1 '348 

1194 

13 693 

3 878 

10 499 6 188 

4 329 

1 367 

435 

932 

677 

255 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Tota 1 expend iture 1 

1976 1977 1978 

1 687 1 903 2 057 1 292 1 439 1 710 395 464 347 15 24 29 380 440 318 

12 601 13 469 16 757 3 989 5 741 7 286 8 749 10 32'1 12 356 4 161 4 857 5 477 4 607 5 499 6 911 

15 651 18 327 21 242 5 367 6 257 7 018 10 718 12 558 14 747 7 202 8 242 10 135 3 516 4 402 4 613 

3 535 5 171 5 940 978 2 142 2 726 2 557 3 029 3 218 2 100 2 481 261:3 457 548 606 

15 862 21 548 30 171 3 524 8 130 16 233 12 355 14 093 16 282 7 591 9 216 11 174 4 764 11 884 5 147 

1 729 2 369 2 361 537 971 707 1 192 1 398 1 654 945 1 021 1 281 2117 377 374 

Percent inc.rease or decrease (M) 

1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 1971 to 

2 245 9.1 62.5 42.0 1 828 6.9 42.3 41.6 

417 20.2 339.'1 43.8 5 -82.8 -100.0 (X) 412 29.6 353.1 42.1 

17 930 7.0 99.9 05.0 6 383 -12.4 101.7 86.4 14 753 19.4 101.6 94.2 6 567 19.9 164.2 96.1 8 190 18.5 67.6 92.2 

26 172. 23.2 113.8 99.3 10 046 43.1 323.4 130.6 16 694 13.2 69.9 83.4 11 503 13.5 73.6 87.0 5 232 13.4 62.6 77.1 

6 660 12.1 83.2 104.7 2 721 -.2 54.0 198.0 3 939 22.4 98.0 68.2 3 203 22.6 89.7 73.3 736 21.5 136.4 49.0 

28 507 -5.5 62.4 108.2 10 816 -33.4 54.6 178.9 17 713 8.8 63.0 68.7 11 913 6.6 70.5 92.5 5 823 13.1 5':.5 311.5 

3 357 112.2 105.6 145.6 1 157 63.6 281.6 166.0 2 182 31.9 69.1 134.1 1 590 24.1 54.2 134.9 592 58.3 127.7 132.2 

1979 

130.7 

101.5 

531.8 

400.0 

543.8 

229.8 

275.9 

291. 5 

418.3 

222.1 

326.0 

876.3 

211.5 

224.7 

187.9 

275.0 

358.9 

233.0 

228.9 

252.2 

238.2 

331.3 

175.0 

228.3 

106.5 

404.8 

914.9 

296.0 

262.2 

428.6 

'ro r each State, and the United States summary, the expenditUre figures shown on the "LocaL, totalll line and the combined State-local totaL line (the tlata shown (lppositc the 

name of the indiVidual States) exclude dupUcative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This WAS done to lIvoid artiricial inflation which would result if An .intergovernmental 

expenditure amount for one government is tabulated and then counted again when the recipient govcrnment(s) ultimately expend(s) that amount. 

IOata for muniCipalities, and. the local governments total which include municipal data, arc estimates subject to sampling variation; data for counties (boroughs, parishes) arc 

based on it canvass of all county governments lind therefore are not subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitations. 
• 

This page left blank to preserve table sequence. 
96 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

and type of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

Stat'3: and type of 

government 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL •••• STATES ••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

ALf.BAMA ••••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ALAS~A • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • BOROUGHS ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

ARIZONA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

ARKANSAS • • • • • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

CALIFORNIA. • •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL. • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES • 

COLORADO •••• STATE ••••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CONNECTICUT. • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • MUNICIPALITIES 

DELAWARE. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • GOUMTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

DISTRICT OFCOWMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL -

FLORIDA. • • • • S"ATE~ •••• LOCAL, TOl.\L COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

GEORGIA •••••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

HAWAII •••••• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

IDAHO. • •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ILLINOIS.. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

INDIANA •••••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL ••• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

34 087 8 133 25 954 16 102 

9 852 

252 

97 

155 

108 

47 

146 

102 

44 

22 

22 

378 

46 

332 

218 

114 

153 

46 

107 

60 

47 

5 372 

648 4 724 3 614 1 110 

479 

34 

445 

246 

199 

464 

358 

106 

106 

85 

54 

31 

12 

19 

161 I 1 299 

527 

772 

50q 

268 

50B 

149 

359 

304 

55 

189 

77 

112 

29 

83 

141 

32 

109 

68 

21 

1 979 

576 1 403 

965 

438 

726 

203 

523 

330 

193 

(letober 

pt.yroll 

31 079 8 037 23 043 13 993 

9 050 

228 

112 

116 

66 

50 

208 

163 

45 

19 

26 

359 

45 

315 

201 

114 

124 

47 

77 

41 

36 

6 207 

686 5 521 4 227 1 294 

410 

J2 

378 

200 

178 

449 

359 

90 

90 

70 

47 

23 

Ii 

16 

182 

1 039 

439 

599 

370 

230 

4S4 

180 

274 

223 

51 

209 

76 

133 

39 

94 

94 

29 

65 

47 

18 

1 683 

443 1 240 

653 

387 

471 

166 

305 

167 

138 

See footnotes at end of table. 

) 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

crnp layment 

48 265 12 334 35 931 23 261 

12 670 

491 

189 

302 

210 

92 

179 

128 

51 

5 

46 

622 

87 

535 

381 

154 

263 

62 

201 

144 

·57 

7 491 

668 6 823 5 487 1 JJ6 

869 

152 

717 

427 

290 

450 

304 

146 

146 

125 

84 

41 ij 

28 

162 

1 910 1 539 

311 

128 

243 

667 

178 

469 

390 

99 

215 

80 

1J5 

31 

104 

207 

37 

17G 

136 

34 

2 249 

555 1 694 1 256 

438 

1 007 

325 

682 

378 

30Q 

October 

payroll 

56 425 15 615 40 810 26 172 

507 

255 

252 

164 

88 

372 

291 

81 

11 

70 

770 

121 

649 

452 

197 

233 

77 

155 

113 

42 

11 179 1 097 10 082 7 959 2 122 

956 

241 

715 

379 

J36 

54J 

392 

151 

151 

139 

91 

97 

14 

34 

271 

2 057 1 586 

470 

178 

292 

749 

286 

463 

361 

102 

3D 

117 

196 

50 

146 

172 

43 

129 

99 

30 

2 497 

548 1 949 1 460 

489 

839 

35J 

'185 

253 

2J3 

Employment and payroll' 

Octtiber 1976 

Full-time 

eqUivalent 

emp layment 

52 380 lJ 227 39 153 25 680 

D 473 

557 

197 

360 

242 

118 

199 

161 

38 

8 

30 

731 

129 

608 

441 

167 

274 

41 

233 

170 

63 

8 705 

774 7 931 6 478 1 453 

979 

140 

839 

535 

304 

q66 

330 

1J6 

136 

136 

98 

JB 

12 

26 

172 

2 040 1 616 

424 

162 

262 

709 

184 

525 

439 

86 

252 

101 

151 

48 

103 

261 

60 

201 

163 

38 

2 510 

642 1 868 1 458 

410 

1 061 

299 

762 

478 

284 

October 

payroll 

64 673 17 623 47 050 30 433 

16 617 

552 

269 

283 

200 

83 

432 

350 

82 

20 

62 

977 

164 

812 

571 

241 

229 

42 

186 

D9 

48 

1J 279 1 320 11 959 9 485 2 474 

1 164 

2 

r 1 

2J2 

933 

557 

375 

591 

439 

152 

152 

158 

116 4, 

1J 

29 

296 ' 

403 

817 

586 

242 

344 

816 

302 

514 

420 

94 

412 

183 

229 

71 

158 

232 

72 

160 

124 

36 

3 025 

723 2 302 1 797 

506 

914 

363 

611 

351 

260 

October 1977 

Full- time 

equtva lent 

employment 

56 972 15 068 41 904 27 842 

14 062 

5qS 

243 

302 

227 

75 

229 

176 

53 

6 

47 

800 

lQ3 

657 

457 

200 

263 

46 

217 

lq7 

70 

9 811 

997 

8 814 7 199 1 615 

1 OQ6 

151 

895 

577 

318 

481 

334 

147 

147 

lQ8 

110 

38 

11 

27 

177 

2 19'1 1 721 

473 

190 

283 

777 

217 

560 

465 

95 

270 

108 

162 

54 

108 

266 

76 

210 

178 

J2 

2 624 

639 1 985 

1 575 

410 

1 235 

354 

881 

548 

333 

October 

payroll 

75 557 21 924 53 633 35 553 

18 080 

641 

350 

291 

206 

86 

53q 

420 

114 

17 

97 

1 108 

206 

903 

620 

282 

247 

58 

188 

131 

57 

15 387 1 746 13 641 10 876 2 765 

1 283 

247 1 035 

625 

410 

656 

Q86 

170 

170 

172 

!!le 

44 

13 

32 

307 

2 990 

2 307 

683 

298 

385 

911 

35Q 

557 

456 

101 

425 

168 

251 

89 

168 

298 

107 

191 

157 

34 

3 575 

730 2 846 2 304 

542 

1 150 

442 

708 

394 

Jl4 

October 1918, 

Full-time 

~quivalcnt 

employment 

61 689 18 212 43 Q77 

29 208 

lQ 269 

571 

277 

294 

236 

58 

266 

205 

61 

6 

55 

951 

203 

748 

560 

188 

331 

42 

289 

214 

75 

11 014 2 205 8 869 7 282 1 587 

1 000 

155 

845 

571 

274 

557 

425 

1J2 

132 

143 

19y 

39 

12 

27 

207 

2 ;)20 ~ 846 

q74 

2?5 

249 

801 

258 

543 

452 

91 

289 

108 

181 

61 

120 

298 

76 

222 

189 

33 

2 773 

683 2 090 1 66q 

Q26 

1 197 

308 

889 

574 

Jl5 

October 

payroll 

~6 J4e 27 334 59 014 38 713 

20 301 

772 

438 

334 

242 

92 

629 

495 

134 

20 

IlQ 

1 410 

290 1 121 

822 

299 

326 

58 

2~8 

194 

74 

17 179 3 234 D 945 11 107 2831 

1 412 

214 1 138 

HO 

398 

786 

618 

168 

168 

189 

U1 

52 

16 

36 

451 

, 339 , 591 

'148 

353 

395 

1 075 

444 

631 

508 

124 

479 

170 

309 

104 

205 

341 

121 

221 

IB2 

39 

3 780 

e46 2 934 2 345 

589 

1 212 

457 

755 

455 

301 
Employnlent. and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease (-) Cont.inued 

St.ate and type of October 1979 Oc.tober 1978 to Oc.tober 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 government 

Full .. t;ime October FuLl-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equiva lent payroll equivalent payro 1L equivalent pilyroLL equiva lent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL 65 347 98 638 5.9 14.2 41.6 81.6 35.4 74.8 91.7 217.4 STATES 19 961 32 499 9.6 18.9 51.7 94.3 61.8 108.1 145.4 304.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 45 386 66 139 4.4 12.1 3B.4 77.1 26.3 62.1 74.9 lB7.0 COUNTIES 30 61B "3 263 4.B 11.B 44.5 B7.0 31.6 65.3 90.2 209.2 MUN IC IPALlTIES 14 76B 22 B76 3.5 12.7 28.6 61.7 16.6 56.3 49.9 152.B 

ALABAMA. 612 911 7.2 lB.O 94.B 122.4 24.6 79.7 142.9 299.6 STATE. 279 556 .7 26.9 94.B 127.7 47.6 lIB.O IB7.6 396.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 333 355 13.3 6.3 94.B 117.2 10.3 40.9 114.B 206.0 COUNTIES 244 245 3.4 1.2 94.4 14B.5 16.2 49.4 125.9 271.2 MUNICIPALITIES B9 110 53.4 19.6 95.7 76.0 -3.3 25.0 89"tl 120.0 

ALASKA. 327 776 22.9 23.'1 22.6 7B.B B2.7 10B.6 124.0 273.1 STATE. 261 61B 27.3 24.B 25.5 7B.5 104.9 112.4 155.9 279.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 66 15B B.2 17.9 15.9 BO.O 29.4 95.1 50.0 251.1 BOROUGHS 13 40 116.7 100.0 -77.3 -42.1 160.0 263.6 -'10.9 110.5 MUNIC IPALITIES 53 llB -3.6 3.5 109.1 169.2 15.2 6B.6 140.9 353.B 

ARIZONA. 97B 1 577 2.B 11.B 64.6 114.5 57.2 104.B 15B.7 339.3 STATE. 193 312 -'1.9 7.6 B9.1 16B.9 121.B 157.9 319.6 593.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 7B5 1 265 4.9 12.B 61.1 106.0 46.7 94.9 136.4 301.6 COUNT IES 577 900 3.0 9.5 74.B 124.9 51.4 99.1 164.7 347.B MUNICIPALITIES 20B ;'65 10.6 22.1 35.1 72.B 35.1 B5.3 B2.5 220.2 

ARKANSAS 371 379 12.1 16.3 71.9 B7.9 41.1 62.7 142.5 205.6 STATE. 12 97 71.4 67.2 34.B 63.B 16.1 26.0 56.5 106.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 299 2Bl 3.5 4.9 B7.9 101.3 4B.B Bl.3 179.4 264.9 COUNTIES 239 226 11.7 16.5 140.0 175.6 66.0 69.9 29B.3 451.2 MUNICIPALITIES 60 56 -20.0 -24.3 21.3 16.7 5.3 33.3 27.7 55.6 

CALIFORN IA 10 331 lB 605 -6.7 B.3 39.4 BO.l 37.9 66.4 92.3 199.7 STATE. 1 lB4 2 220 -46.3 -31.4 3.1 59.9 77.2 102.4 B2.7 223.6 LOCAL, TOfAL 9 147 16 3B4 3.1 17.5 44.4 B2.6 34.1 62.5 93.6 196.B COUNTIES 7 46B 13 OB3 2.6 l',.B 51.B BB.3 36.1 64.4 106.6 209.5 MUNICIPALITIES 1 679 3 302 5.B 16.4 20.4 64.0 25.7 55.6 51.3 155.2 

COLORADO 1 163 1 711 16.3 21.2 Bl.4 133.2 33.B 79.0 142.8 317.3 STATE. lB9 362 21.9 32.1 347.1 653.1 2'1.3 50.2 455.9 1 031.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 97'1 1 349 l5.3 18.5 61.1 B9.2 35.B BB.7 llB.9 256.9 COUNTIES 661 B52 15.B 15.1 73.6 B9.5 54.B 124.B 16B.7 326.0 MUNIC IPALITIES 313 497 14.2 24.9 45.7 BB.B 7.9 47.9 57.3 179.2 

CONNECT ICUT. 609 1 104 9.3 40.5 -3.0 20.9 35.3 103.3 31.3 145.9 STATE. 4B3 935 13.6 51.3 -15.1 9.2 5B.9 DB. 5 3'1.9 160.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 126 170 -4.5 1.2 37.7 67.B 13.7 12.7 lB.9 BB.9 MUN IC IPAL IT IES 126 170 -4.5 1.2 37.7 67.B 13.7 12.7 lB.9 BB.9 

DELAWARE. 14B 202 3.5 6.9 47.1 9B.6 17.5 45.3 74.1 18B.6 STATE. 116 152 11.5 10.9 55.6 93.6 38.1 67.0 114.8 223.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 32- 49 17.9 -5.B 32.3 104.3 -24.4 4.3 3.2 113.0 COUNTIES 11 14 -B.3 -12.5 8.3 75.0 -15.4 - ·8.3 75.0 MUNICIPALITIES 21 :- 35 -22.2 -2.B 47.4 112.5 -25.0 2.9 10.5 llB.B 

D!STRICTOF COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 213 428 2.9 -5.1 .6 4B.9 31.5 57.9 32.3 !35.2 

FLORIDA. 2. 4B9 3 872 7.3 16.0 47.0 98.0 30.3 8B.2 91.6 272.7 STATE. 2 014 3 047 9.1 17.6 192. ~ 261. ~ 30.9 92.1 2B2.2 594.1 LOCAL, TOTAL , 475 826 .2 10.'1 -51.9 -21.5 ;,:e.o 75.7 -3B.5 37.9 COUNTIES 234 '109 4.0 15.9 -74.6 .. 51.9 B2.B 129.8 -53.b 10.5 MUN IC IPAL IT I ES 241 417 -~.2 ~. 6 -9.:; 27.0 -.B 42.B -10.1 81.3 

GEORGIA. 821 1 133 2.5 5.4 31. 3 65.0 23.1 51.3 1:1.6 149.6 STATE. 265 472 2.7 6.3 19.5 58.9 4B.9 65.0 ?l.9 162.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 556 661 2.4 4.B 36.2 69.0 13.7 42.B 54.9 141.2 COUNTIES 45., 517 1.1 1.8 28.3 61.9 17.2 43.2 50.3 131.B MUNIC IPAL<TlES 99 1'14 B.B 16.1 BO.O 100.0 - 41.2 BO.O 182.4 

HAWAII 31B 500 10.0 4.4 13.8 49.8 47.9 59.7 6B.3 139.2 STATE. 120 lBI 11.1 6.5 3.9 53.9 50.0 54.7 55.B 138.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 19B 319 9.4 3.2 20.5 47.4 46.7 62.B 76.B 139.8 COUNTIES 6B 115 11.5 10.6 6.9 2B.2 119.4 130.0 134.5 194.9 MUNICIPALITIES 130 204 8.3 -.5 25.3 5~.3 25.0 39.7 56.6 117.0 

IDAHO. 292 367 -2.0 7.6 46.B B3.0 41.1 113.4 107.1 290.4 STATE. 79 132 3.9 9.1 15.6 4B.3 113.5 207.0 146.9 355.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 213 235 -4.1 6.3 56.0 9B.5 25.3 82.2 95.4 261.5 COUNTIES 181 196 -4.2 7.7 54.5 110.6 38.1 9B.0 105.7 317.0 MUNICIPALITIES 31 3B -6.1 -2.6 61.9 66.7 -8.B 26.7 47.6 111.1 

ILLINOIS 2 B04 3 94B 1.1 4.4 13.6 4B.4 24.7 5B.l 41.7 134.6 STATE. 661 B71 -3.2 3.0 -3.6 23.7 19.1 5B.9 14.B 96.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 143 3 07B 2.5 4.9 20.7 57.2 ?6.5 57.9 52.7 148.2 COUNTIES 1 680 2 443 1.0 4.2 30.2 71.2 33.B 67.3 74.1 lB6.4 MUNIC IPAL ITIES 463 634 B.7 7.6 - 26.4 5.7 29.7 5.7 63.B 

IND lANA. 1 361 1 412 13.7 16.5 3B.7 7B.l 35.2 68.3 B7.5 199.B STATE. 361 525 17.2 1'1.9 60.1 112.7 11.1 4B.7 77.B 216.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 000 BB7 12.5 17.5 30.4 59.0 46.6 B2.9 91.2 190.B COUNTIES 660 523 15.0 1'1.9 14.5 51.0 74.6 106.7 100.0 213.2 MUNICIPALITIES 340 364 7.9 20.9 57.5 6B.8 11.8 56.2 76.2 163.8 

See footnotes at end of table. 
98 CRIMINAL JUSTrCE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

and type of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

IOWA •• STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

KANSAS • • •• STATE. • • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

KENTUCKy • • • STATE •••••• LOCAL,. TOTAL • COU~TlES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

LOUISIANA. • STATE. • • • •• UCAL, TOTAL • PARISHES ••• MUN I C I PALI TI ES 

MAINE, • • •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MARYLAND • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIE!, ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MASSACHUSETTS. STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES • • • MUN I C I PAll 1'1 ES 

MICHIGAN • • • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MINNESOTA. • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • CO:JNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSISSIPPI. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSOURI • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MONTANA. • STATE. • • •• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

NEBRASKA • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEVADA. • • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW HAMPSHIRE ••• STATE. • • • • 

LOCAL, TOTAL • I COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full .. time 

equivalent 

employment 

359 

q8 

311 

2q2 

69 

229 

25 

332 

236 

96 

297 

82 

215 

129 

86 

613 

237 

376 

192 

18q 

61 

37 

2q 

11 

13 

5q9 

62 

q87 

255 

232 

629 

257 

372 

70 

302 

1 lH 

186 

928 

663 

265 

507 

59 

qq8 

293 

155 

16q 

82 

82 

56 

26 

620 

66 

55q 

319 

235 

186 

q7 

139 

115 

2q 

260 

16 

2qq 

176 

68 

212 

37 

175 

H3 

32 

53 

30 

23 

12 

11 

October 

payroll 

256 

q7 

210 

15q 

56 

359 

27 

20q 

135 

68 

17q 

33 

lql 

82 

58 

39q 

18q 

210 

99 

110 

q9 

36 

13 

q 

9 

522 

75 

qq7 

223 

22q 

q92 

216 

275 

q7 

228 

1 2ql 

253 

988 

706 

282 

q61 

52 

q09 

257 

152 

126 

73 

53 

33 

20 

q92 

56 

q36 

218 

218 

107 

36 

72 

55 

17 

203 

19 

18q 

116 

68 

210 

q6 

163 

127 

37 

q6 

30 

17 

7 

10 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

q88 

102 . 

386 

303 

83 

526 

153 

q71 

l~5 

136 

606 

181 

q25 

275 

150 

1 OH 

q03 

611 

332 

279 

135 

97 

38 

20 

18 

836 

101 

735 

q2q 

311 

929 

321 

608 

187 

q21 

1 687 

30q 1 383 1 083 

300 

H6 

81 

665 

q73 

192 

259 

102 

157 

103 

5q 

889 

85 

80q 

q85 

319 

236 

51 

185 

151 

3q 

38q 

~5 

339 

252 

87 

3qa 

57 

291 

228 

63 

85 

qq 

ql 

25 

16 

October 

payroll 

500 

137 

36q 

280 

83 

622 

151 

372 

25q 

118 

537 

186 

352 

23q 

118 

896 

qq6 

qq9 

220 

230 

137 

109 

28 

11 

17 

1 069 

Ho 

930 

530 

qOO 

950 

35q 

596 

173 

q22 

2 303 

qq8 

1 855 1 q21 

q3q 

880 

112 

768 

526 

2ql 

236 

12q 

112 

65 

q6 

827 

102 

725 

39q 

331 

191 

63 

128 

10q 

2q 

368 

56 

312 

208 

10q 

q18 

63 

355 

273 

81 

95 

5q 

ql 

2q 

17 

Employment and pa~roltl 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

emplo~ment 

510 

111 

399 

323 

76 

632 

159 

q73 

358 

115 

567 

98 

q69 

297 

172 

1 077 

q31 

6q6 

3qq 

302 

139 

98 

ql 

26 

15 

861 

106 

755 

q59 

296 

979 

362 

617 

199 

q18 

1 70q 

312 1 392 1 08q 

308 

B05 

138 

667 

q91 

176 

256 

102 

15q 

110 

qq 

911 

9q 

817 

q73 

3qq 

23q 

29 

205 

180 

25 

399 

q9 

350 

273 

77 

363 

60 

303 

238 

65 

99 

51 

q8 

29 

19 

October 

payroll 

556 

lq8 

q08 

323 

8q 

579 

168 

q11 

295 

116 

505 

129 

376 

2q2 

13q 

990 

q87 

503 

238 

265 

lq5 

113 

32 

16 

16 

1 Hl 

H7 

99q 

593 

qOl 

1 125 

q96 

629 

19q 

q35 

2 503 

520 1 983 1 508 

q75 

1 073 

210 

863 

619 

2q5 

2q6 

133 

113 

69 

q4 

867 

91 

776 

q24 

"352 

2H 

37 

178 

155 

22 

q23 

66 

357 

253 

10q 

489 

103 

386 

306 

80 

116 

61 

5q 

32 

23 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivn lent 

employment 

567 

132 

q35 

351 

aq 

698 

163 

535 

386 

H9 

631 

189 

q~2 

299 

lq3 

1 276 

q60 

816 

38q 

q32 

156 

112 

qq 

25 

19 

930 

108 

822 

510 

312 

1 059 

qOq 

655 

219 

q36 

1 818 

339 1 q79 1 159 

320 

987 

210 

777 

559 

218 

269 

106 

163 

100 

63 

1 038 

H9 

889 

526 

363 

236 

J2 

20q 

lH 

30 

389 

36 

353 

272 

81 

q29 

70 

359 

293 

66 

109 

53 

56 

33 

23 

October 

payroll 

66q 

205 

q59 

360 

99 

672 

18q 

q88 

3q2 

H6 

769 

301 

q68 

330 

138 

1 179 

518 

661 

293 

368 

182 

H3 

39 

17 

22 

1 299 

165 1 13q 

689 

qqq 

1 262 

600 

662 

198 

q6q 

3 060 

788 2 271 

1 7qO 

531 

1 387 

351 1 036 

738 

298 

256 

H9 

107 

61 

q6 

1 031 

123 

908 

509 

399 

230 

qq 

187 

16q 

23 

67q 

'18 

627 

509 

118 

596 

118 

q78 

375 

102 

128 

67 

61 

3q 

27 

October 1978 

f'ull-time 

equivalent 

employment 

557 

121 

q36 

365 

71 

671 

165 

506 

399 

107 

578 

251 

327 

250 

77 

1 179 

350 

829 

q05 

q2q 

18q 

126 

58 

ql 

17 

970 

136 

83q 

52q 

310 

1 075 

q81 

59q 

195 

399 

1 876 

38q 

1 q92 1 19q 

298 

1 130 

213 

917 

735 

182 

252 

113 

139 

100 

39 

1 031 

12q 

907 

578 

329 

281 

58 

223 

182 

ql 

q12 

56 

356 

280 

76 

q21 

71 

350 

275 

75 

104 

56 

q8 

25 

23 

October 

payroll 

729 

195 

53q 

q27 

107 

689 

200 

q90 

3qq 

145 

639 

325 

31q 

221 

92 

1 20q 

518 

687 

nq 

363 

220 

169 

52 

29 

23 

1 q25 

220 1 205 

760 

qQS 

1 36q 

712 

652 

197 

q5q 

3 2q9 

782 2 q67 1 926 

5qO 

1 708 

375 1 333 1 019 

31q 

318 

196 

122 

79 

q3 

1 175 

163 1 013 

585 

q27 

277 

79 

197 

158 

39 

q95 

76 

q19 

294 

12q 

627 

130 

q98 

380 

P8 

147 

82 

65 

35 

30 
LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION 99 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

and type of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued --

Employment and payroll--

Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to 

October 1979 government 

Full-time October Full-time October equivalent equivalent 

emplQyment payroll employment payroll 

IOWA. 635 845 14.0 15.9 STATE. 133 216 9.9 10.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 502 629 15.1 17.8 COUNTIES 414 498 13.4 16.6 MUNICIPALITIES 88 131 23.9 22.4 

KANSAS 739 849 10.1 23.2 ST ATE. 207 261 25.5 30.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 532 588 5.1 20.0 COUNTIES 409 430 2.5 25.0 MUNICIPALITIES 123 158 15.0 9.0 

KENTUCKY 1 192 1 446 106.2 126.3 STATE. 911 1 165 262.9 258.5 LOCAL. TOTAL 281 281 -14.1 -10.5 COUNTIES 199 178 -20.4 -19.5 MUNICIPALITIES 82 103 6.5 12.0 

LOU IS lANA. 1 171 1 234 -.7 2.5 STATE. 350 485 - -6.'1 LOCAL, TOTAL 821 7'19 -1. 0 9.0 PARISHES 420 329 3.7 1.5 MUNICIPALITIES '101 420 -5. 1, 15.7 

MAINE. 872 252 373.9 14.5 STATE. 140 197 11.1 16.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 732 55 1 162.1 5.8 COUNTIES 716 34 1 6'16.3 17.2 MUNICIPALITIES 16 21 -5.9 -8.7 

MARYLAND 977 1 7116 .7 22.5 STATE. 172 297 26.5 35.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 805 1 449 -3.5 20.2 COUNTIES 470 944 -10.3 24.2 MUNIC IPAL IT 1 ES 335 506 8.1 13.7 

MASSACHUSETTS. 1 349 1 908 25.5 39.9 STATE. 1 022 1 502 112.5 111.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 327 '105 -411.9 -37.9 COUNTIES 45 38 -76.9 -80.7 MUNIC IPALITIES 282 368 -29.3 -18.9 

MICHIGAN 1 918 3 503 2.2 7.8 STATE. 431 902 12.2 15.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 487 2 601 -.3 5.4 COUNTIES 1 168 1 960 -2.2 1.8 MUNIC IPALITIES 319 641 7.0 18.7 

MINNESOTA. 1 209 2 029 7.0 18.8 STATE. 2611 517 23.9 37.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 945 1 512 301 13.4 COUNTIES 7'11 1 148 .4 12.7 MUNIC IPALITIES 20'1 36'1 12.1 15.9 

MISSISSIPPI. 284 351 12.7 10.4 STATE. 129 201 111.2 2.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 155 150 11.5 23.0 COUNTIES 93 77 -7.0 -2.5 MUNICIPALITIES 62 73 59.0 69.8 

MISSOURI 1 152 1 390 11.7 18.3 STATE. 142 192 14.5 17.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 010 1 198 11.4 18.3 COUNTIES 654 700 13.1 19.7 MUNIC IPALITl ES 356 498 8.2 16.6 

MONTANA. 265 277 -5.7 - STATE. '19 81 -15.5 2.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 216 196 -3.1 -.5 COUNTIES 189 170 3.8 7.6 MUNICIPALITIES 27 27 -3'1.1 -30.8 

NEBRASKA • 434 561 5.3 13.3 STATE. 60 95 7.1 25.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 374 466 5.1 11.2 COUNTIES 281 327 .11 11.2 MUNICIPALITIES 13 139 22.4 12.1 

N~VADA • 431 700 2.4 11.6 STATE. 75 149 5.6 lU 16 LOCAL, TOTAL 356 550 1.7 10.4 COUNTIES 281 425 2.2 11.8 MUNIC IPALITlES 75 126 - 6.8 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 116 167 11.5 13.6 STATE. 63 97 12.5 18.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 53 70 10.4 7.7 COUNTIES 32 38 28.0 8.6 MUNICIPALITIES 21 32 -8.7 6.7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Percent increase or decrease (-) 

Oc.tabe r 1971 to October 1975 to 

October 1975 October 1979 

Fu 11-t lme Octubel' FuLl- time (, :tober equivalent equiva lent 

employment. payroll emp loyment payroll 

~~.9 95.3 30.1 69.0 :12.5 191.5 30.3 57.7 24.1 73.3 30.1 12.8 25.2 81.8 36.6 77.9 20.3 48.2 6.0 57.8 

129.7 73.'3 40.5 36.5 512.0 459.3 35.3 12.8 41.9 82.4 13.0 58.1 41.9 88.1 22.1 69.3 41.7 73.5 -9.6 33.9 

104.0 208.6 96.7 169.3 120.7 '163.6 403.3 526.3 97.7 149.6 -33.9 -20.2 113.2 185.'1 -27.6 -23.9 7'1.4 103.4 -45.3 -12.7 

65.4 127.4 15.5 37.7 

70.0 14?4 -13.2 8.7 62.5 113.8 3'1.'1 66.8 72.9 122.2 26.5 49.5 51.6 109.1 43.7 82.6 

121.3 179.6 545.9 83.9 

162.2 202.8 -30.7 80.7 58.3 115.4 1 826.3 96.4 81.8 175.0 3 480.0 209.1 38.5 88.9 -11.1 23.5 

52.3 104.8 16.9 63.3 62.9 86.7 70.3 112.1 50.9 108.1 9.5 55.8 66.3 137.7 10.8 78.1 ' -3'1.1 78.6 7.7 26.5 

'17.7 93.1 '15.2 100.8 24.9 63.9 218.4 32'1.3 63.'1 116.7 -46.2 -32.0 167.1 268.1 -75.9 -78.0 39.'1 85.1 -33.0 -12.8 

51.'1 85.6 13.7 52.1 63.4 77.1 41.8 101.3 49.0 87.8 7.5 40.2 63.3 101.3 7.8 37.9 13.2 53.9 6.3 47.7 

47. ! 90.9 6201 130.6 37.3 115.4 225.9 361.6 '18.4 87.8 42.1 96.9 61.4 104.7 56.7 118.3 23.9 58.6 6.3 51.0 

57.9 87.3 9.7 48.7 211.4 69.9 26.5 62.1 91.5 111.3 -1.3 33.9 83.9 97.0 -0.7 18.5 107.7 130.0 14.8 58.7 

43.4 68.1 29.6 68.1 28.8 82.1 67.1 88.2 45.1 66.3 25.6 65.3 52.0 80.7 311.8 77.7 35.7 51.8 11.6 50.5 

26.9 78.5 12.3 '15.0 8.5 75.0 -3.9 28.6 33.1 77.8 16.8 53.1 31.3 89.1 25.2 63.5 41.7 '11.2 -20.6 12.5 

47.7 81.3 13.0 52.'1 181.3 194.7 33.3 69.6 38.9 69.6 10.3 49.4 43.2 79.3 11.5 57.2 27.9 52.9 6.9 33.7 

64.2 99.0 23.9 67.5 54.1 37.0 31.6 136.5 66.3 117.8 22.3 54.9 59.4 115.0 23.2 55.7 96.9 118.9 19.0 55.6 

60.'1 106.5 36.5 75.8 46.7 80.0 43.2 79.6 78.3 1'11.2 29.3 70.7 108.3 2'12.9 28.0 58.3 '15.5 70.0 31.3 88.2 

October 1971 to 

October 

Fu 11- time 

equiva lent 

empLoyment 

76.9 

177.1 

61.4 

71.1 

27.5 

222.7 

728.0 

60.2 

73.3 

28.1 

301.3 

1 OIl. 0 

30.7 

511.3 

-4.7 

91.0 

47.7 

118.4 

118.8 

117.9 

1 329.5 

278.'1 

2 950.0 

6 '109.1 

23.1 

78.0 

177.4 

65.3 

84.3 

'14.4 

11'1.5 

297.7 

-12.1 

-35.7 

-6.6 

72.2 

131.7 

60.2 

76.2 

20.'1 

138.5 

347.5 

110.9 

152.9 

31.6 

73.2 

57.3 

89.0 

66.1 

138.5 

85.8 

115.2 

82.3 

105.0 

51.5 

42.5 

4.3 

55.4 

6'1.3 

12.5 

66.9 

275.0 

53.3 

59.7 

36.8 

103.3 

102.7 

103.4 

96.5 

134.'1 

118.9 

110.0 

130.4 

166.7 

90.9 

1979 

October 

payroll 

3 

230.1 

359.6 

199.5 

223.4 

133.9 

136.5 

866.7 

188.2 

218.5 

132.4 

731.0 

430.3 

99.3 

117.1 

77.6 

213.2 

163.6 

256.7 

232.3 

281.8 

414.3 

447.2 

323.1 

750.0 

133.3 

234.5 

296.0 

2211.2 

323.3 

125.9 

287.8 

595.4 

'17.3 

-19.1 

61.4 

182.3 

256.5 

163.3 

177 .6 

127.3 

340.1 

894.2 

269.7 

346.7 

139.5 

178.6 

175.3 

183.0 

133.3 

265.0 

182.5 

242.9 

17'1.8 

221.1 

128.4 

158.9 

125. 

172. 

o 

2 

209.1 

58. 

176. 

400. 

153. 

8 

4 

o 

3 

181.9 

104.4 

233. 

223.9 

3 

4 

6 

5 

237. 

234. 

2'10. 

263. 

223. 

311. 

442. 

220. 

o 

3 

8 

9 

o 
100 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution full·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

and type of government: October 1971·0ctober 1979-Continued ~=-~--~-~-~---~--~-r--~--------------------------------~'---------------------,----__ --______________________________________ _ 

State and type of 

government 

NEW JERSEY • STATE, ••• LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW MEXICO • STATE. , •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW YORK • STATE. • • •• • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH DAKOTA •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OKLAHOMA. •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OREGON. • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

PENNSyLVANIA • • STATE. • • • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

RHODE ISLAND • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA • • STATE. • • •• • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH DAKOTA • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

TENNESSEE. ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES •• MUNICIPALITIES 

TEXAS. • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

UTAH •••••• 

STATE. • • • • • LOCAL, ,OTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full-time. 

equivalent 

employment 

1 632 

208 1 424 1 094 

330 

162 

130 

32 

2 

30 

4 518 1 007 

3511 

1 240 2 271 

298 

237 

61 

21 

40 

137 

25 

112 

102 

10 

1 511 

291 1 220 

623 

597 

613 

333 

280 

191 

89 

542 

189 

353 

270 

83 

1 532 

228 1 304 

762 

542 

76 

35 

41 

41 

107 

40 

67 

48 

19 

118 

13 

105 

92 

13 

330 

199 

131 

58 

73 

1 842 

285 1 557 1 153 

404 

169 

73 

9~ 

62 

34 

October 

payroll 

1 427 

232 1 195 

949 

246 

142 

112 

30 

3 

27 

4 540 1 237 3 303 1 156 

2146 

327 

273 

54 

17 

38 

89 

21 

67 

56 

11 

1 181 

236 

94q 

q61 

q83 

472 

26q 

209 

134 

74 

q81 

205 

276 

207 

69 

1 154 

188 

966 

500 

465 

53 

26 

27 

27 

88 

40 

48 

31 

17 

68 

11 

57 

46 

11 

292 

187 

105 

41 

64 

1 q69 

278 1 191 

845 

3q6 

138 

63 

75 

50 

25 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full .. time 

equivalent 

employment 

2 760 

489 2 271 1 797 

q7q 

291 

234 

57 

8 

49 

5 822 

1 4JO 4 392 1 598 2 794 

q09 

304 

105 

41 

64 

153 

37 

116 

104 

12 

2 258 

581 1 677 

909 

768 

575 

400 

175 

J7 

138 

849 

318 

5Jl 

qq4 

87 

2 308 

J20 1 988 1 164 

824 

129 

78 

51 

51 

235 

102 

lJ3 

102 

31 

200 

69 

131 

109 

22 

451 

257 

194 

74 

120 

2 540 

J71 2 169 1 647 

522 

25J 

70 

18J 

U5 

48 

October 

payroll 

3 204 

633 2 571 2 155 

416 

307 

232 

75 

8 

67 

7 455 2 080 5 376 

2 034 

3 341 

544 

418 

126 

42 

84 

136 

42 

94 

83 

11 

2 294 

662 1 632 

845 

787 

583 

396 

187 

52 

135 

922 

380 

542 

453 

88 

2 lq8 

384 

1 764 

950 

814 

134 

91 

43 

43 

253 

136 

117 

90 

27 

167 

69 

98 

80 

18 

547 

363 

185 

71 

113 

2 616 

562 2 053 1 q88 

565 

303 

97 

206 

154 

52 

Employment and payroll1 

October 1976 

Full- time 

equivalent 

employment 

2 905 

534 2 371 1 958 

413 

J23 

261 

62 

5 

57 

6 627 1 528 

5 099 1 654 

3 445 

453 

316 

137 

63 

74 

167 

qO 

127 

110 

17 

2 442 

608 1 834 1 008 

826 

604 

414 

190 

50 

140 

862 

361 

501 

409 

92 

2 216 

312 1 904 1 150 

754 

189 

137 

52 

52 

273 

121 

152 

121 

31 

276 

144 

132 

115 

17 

512 

304 

208 

77 

131 

2 670 

435 2 235 1 709 

526 

239 

71 

168 

122 

q6 

October 

payroll 

3 539 

80J 2 736 2 347 

390 

J73 

290 

84 

6 

77 

8 735 2 200 6 534 2 191 4 343 

607 

457 

150 

59 

91 

153 

48 

105 

92 

13 

2 475 

659 1 816 

962 

85q 

599 

424 

175 

37 

138 

1 035 

475 

559 

453 

106 

2 351 

416 1 934 1 078 

856 

185 

140 

44 

4q 

305 

158 

147 

111 

36 

210 

103 

107 

91 

16 

706 

475 

231 

89 

141 

2 979 

613 2 366 1 779 

587 

295 

109 

187 

132 

54 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

3 312 

-726 

2 586 2 079 

507 

367 

~04 

6J 

2 

61 

6 856 

1 836 5 020 1 770 3 250 

520 

402 

118 

55 

63 

179 

ql 

138 

115 

23 

2 5q4 

650 1 89q 1 101 

793 

62q 

405 

219 

69 

150 

1 025 

414 

611 

494 

117 

2 200 

245 1 955 1 lq6 

809 

191 

141 

50 

50 

391 

191 

200 

160 

40 

217 

81 

136 

118 

18 

599 

374 

225 

77 

148 

2 878 

q78 

2 400 

1.895 505 

284 

73 

211 

163 

q8 

October 

payroll 

4 022 

958 

3 064 2 599 

466 

q75 

382 

93 

q 

89 

9 545 2 843 6 702 2 492 q 210 

779 

6J2 

148 

57 

91 

205 

57 

148 

109 

39 

2 946 

868 2 077 1 211 

866 

727 

501 

225 

61 

16q 

1 266 

547 

719 

584 

135 

2 581 

362 2 219 1 215 1 OOJ 

216 

162 

54 

54 

470 

265 

206 

172 

34 

212 

94 

118 

100 

18 

867 

615 

252 

94 

158 

3 536 

765 2 771 2 122 

649 

400 

122 

277 

216 

61 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equivalent 

cmp loyment 

3 320 

708 2 612 2 167 

445 

428 

363 

65 

q 

61 

7 915 1 974 

5 941 1 801 q 140 

1 080 

945 

135 

66 

69 

164 

45 

119 

108 

11 

2 614 

680 1 93q 1 212 

722 

673 

498 

175 

37 

138 

1 117 

488 

629 

541 

88 

2 2JO 

294 1 936 1 234 

702 

182 

136 

q6 

46 

413 

205 

208 

177 

31 

235 

94 

1ql 

119 

22 

599 

424 

175 

60 

115 

3 080 

527 2 553 2 068 

485 

361 

83 

278 

196 

82 

October 

payroll 

4 '191 1 112 3 380 

2873 

507 

582 

493 

89 

6 

83 

11 502 

3 23q 

8 268 2 728 

5 540 

1 519 1 327 

192 

78 

114 

190 

65 

125 

108 

17 

J 291 

941 2 3q9 1 390 

959 

853 

643 

210 

35 

175 

1 522 

678 

844 

711 

133 

2 837 

424 2 413 1 359 1 053 

222 

168 

54 

54 

547 

304 

24J 

211 

32 

254 

124 

130 

106 

24 

959 

735 

224 

85 

140 

4 031 

851 J 180 2 429 

751 

527 

155 

372 

280 

92 
LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION 101 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

.and type of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to State and type of October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 government 

Full-time October Full-time October Full- time October Full-time Octo her Full-time October equivalent payroll equiVa!cl1t payra II equivalent payroll cquiva tent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment cmp Loyment employment 

NEW JERSEY 3 468 4 985 4.5 li-O 69.1 124.5 25.7 55.6 112.5 249.3 STATE. 777 1 241 9.7 11.6 135.1 172.8 58.9 96.1 273.6 434.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 691 3 745 3.0 10.8 59.5 115.1 18.5 45.7 89.0 213.4 COUNTIES 2 237 3 223 3.2 12.2 64.3 127.1 24.5 49.6 104.5 239.6 MUNIC IPALITI ES 454 521 2.0 2.8 43.6 69.1 4.2 25.2 37.6 111.8 

NEW MEXICO. 454 651 6.1 11.9 79.6 116.2 56.0 112.1 180.2 358.5 STATE. 362 528 -.3 7.1 80.0 107.1 54.7 127.6 178.5 371.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 92 123 41.5 38.2 78.1 150.0 61.4 64.0 187.5 310.0 COUNT IES 15 21 275.0 250.0 300.0 166.7 87.5 162.5 650.0 600.0 MUNICIPALITIES 77 102 26.2 22.9 63.3 148.1 57.1 52.2 156.7 277.8 

NEW YORK. 8 278 13 447 4.6 16.9 28.9 64.2 42.2 80.4 83.2 196.2 STATE. 2 138 4 153 8.3 118.1 42.0 68.1 49.5 99.7 112.3 235.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 140 9 295 3.3 12.4 25.1 62.8 39.8 72.9 74.8 181.4 COUNTIES 1 921 3 022 6.7 10.8 28.9 76.0 20.2 48.6 54.9 161.4 MUNICIPALITIES 4 219 6 273 1.9 13.2 23.0 55.7 51.0 87.8 85.8 192.3 

NORTH CAROLINA 1 098 1 657 1.7 9.1 37.2 66.4 168.5 204.6 268.5 406.7 STATE. 966 1 464 2.2 10.3 28.3 53.1 217.8 250.2 307.6 436.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 132 193 -2.2 .5 72.1 133.3 25.7 53.?- 116.4 257.4 COUNT I ES 69 85 4.5 9.0 95.2 147.1 68.3 102.4 228.6 400.0 MUNICIPALITIES 63 108 -8.7 -5.3 60.0 121.1 -1.6 28.6 57.5 184.2 

NORTH DAKOTA 174 223 6.1 17.4 11.7 52.8 13.7 64.0 27.0 150.6 STATE. 49 71 8.9 9.2 48.0 100.0 32.4 69.0 96.0 238.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 125 152 5.0 21.6 3.6 40.3 7.8 61.7 11.6 126.9 COUNT IES 112 134 3.7 24.1 2.0 48.2 7.7 61.4 9.8 139.3 MUNICIPALITIES 13 18 18.2 5.9 20.0 0 8.3 63.6 30.0 63.6 

OHIO 2 71q 3 556 3.8 8.1 49.q 9Q.2 20.2 55.0 79.6 201.1 STATE. 772 1 022 13.5 8.6 99.7 180.5 32.9 54.4 165.3 333.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 942 2 53q .4 7.9 37.5 72.9 15.& 55.3 59.2 168.4 COUNTIES 1 246 1 524 2.8 9.6 45.9 83.3 37.1 80.4 100.0 230.6 MUNICIPALITIES 696 1 010 -3.6 5.3 28.6 62.9 -9.4 28.3 16.6 109.1 

OKLAHOMA 710 931 5.5 9.1 -6.2 23.5 23.5 59.7 15.8 97.2 STATE. 504 648 1.2 .8 20.1 50.0 26.0 63.6 51.4 145.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 206 283 17.7 34.8 -37.5 -10.5 17.7 51.3 -26.4 35.4 COUNTIES 54 60 45.9 "7!.Lt -80.6 -61.2 45.9 15.4 -71.7 -55.2 flUNICIPALITIES 152 223 10.1 27.4 55.1 82.4 10.1 65.2 70.8 201.4 

OREGON 1 181 1 715 5.7 12.7 56.6 91.7 39.1 86.0 117.9 256.5 STATE. 524 721 7.4 6.3 68.3 85.4 64.8 89.7 177.2 251.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 657 995 4.5 17.9 50.4 96.4 23.7 83.6 86.1 260.5 COUNTIES 573 845 5.9 18.8 6q.4 118.8 29.1 86.5 112.2 308.2 MUNICIPALITIES 84 149 -4.5 12.0 4.8 27.5 -3.4 69.3 1.2 115.9 

PENNSYLVANIA 2 785 3 959 24.9 39.5 50.7 86.1 20.7 84.3 81.8 243.1 STATE. 727 1 129 147.3 166.3 40.4 104.3 127.2 194.0 218.9 500.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 058 2 830 6.3 17.3 52.5 82.6 3.5 60.4 57.8 193.0 COUNTIES 1 223 1 443 -.9 6.2 52.8 90.0 5.1 51.9 60.5 188.6 HUNICIPALITIES 835 1 387 18.9 31.7 52.0 75.1 1.3 70.4 54.1 198.3 

RHODE ISLAND 186 264 2.2 18.9 69.7 152.8 44.2 97.0 144.7 398.1 STATE. 136 197 - 17.3 122.9 250.0 74.4 116.5 288.6 657.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 50 67 8.7 ?L.J.l 2ij.4 59.3 -2.0 55.8 22.0 1Q8.1 MUNIC1PALITlES 50 67 8.7 2~ ,) 24.4 59.3 -2.0 55.8 22.0 148.1 

SOUTH CAROLINA 511 682 23.7 24.7 119.6 187.5 117.4 169.6 377.6 675.0 STATE. 305 430 48.8 41.4 155.0 240.0 199.0 216.2 662.5 975.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 206 252 -1.0 3.7 98.5 143.8 54.9 115.4 207.5 425.0 COUNT IES 181 227 2.3 7.6 112.5 190.3 77.5 152.2 277.1 632.3 MUNIC IPAL ITI ES 25 25 -19.5 -21.9 63.2 58.8 ,.4 -7.4 31.6 47.1 

SOUTH DAKOTA 252 274 7.2 7.9 69.5 145.6 26.0 64') 113.6 302.9 STATE. 102 131 8.5 5.6 430.8 527.3 47.8 89.9 684.6 1 090.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 150 143 6.7 10.0 24.8 71.9 14.5 45.9 42.9 150.9 COUNTIES 129 118 8.Q 11.3 18.5 73.9 18.3 47.5 40.2 156.5 MUNIC IPALITI ES 21 25 4.5 Q.2 69.2 63.6 -4.5 38.9 61.5 127.3 

TENNESSEE. 664 1 051 10.9 9.6 36.7 87.3 47.2 92.1 101.2 259.9 STATE. ij30 778 1.4 5.9 29.1 94.1 67.3 11Q.3 116.1 316.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 234 273 33.7 21.9 48.1 76.2 20.6 47.6 78.6 160.0 COUNTIES 76 97 26.7 14.1 27.6 73.2 2..7 36.6 31.0 136.6 MUNIC IPALITI ES 158 177 37.4 26.4 64.4 76.6 31.7 56.6 116.4 176.6 

TEXAS. :; 012 4 Q71 2.2 10.9 37.9 78.1 18.6 70.9 63.5 204.4 STATE. q53 938 -14.0 10.2 30.2 102.2 22.1 66.9 58.9 237.q LOCAL, TOTAL 2 559 3 532 .2 11.1 39.3 72.4 18.0 72.0 64.4 196.6 COUNTIES 2 035 2 634 -1.6 8.4 42.8 76.1 23.6 77.0 76.5 211.7 MUNICIPALITIES 524 899 8.0 19.7 29.2 63.3 .4 590l 29.7 159.8 

UTAH 332 549 -8.0 4.2 Q9.7 119.6 31.2 81.2 96.4 297.8 STATE. 77 154 -7.2 -.6 -4.1 54.0 10.0 58.8 5.5 144.4 LOCAL I TOTAL 255 396 82.0 6.5 90.6 174.7 39.3 92.2 165.6 428.0 COUNTIES 197 303 .5 8.2 117.7 208.0 45.9 96.7 217.7 506.0 MUNICIPALITIES 58 92 -29.3 - 41.2 108.0 20.8 76.9 70.6 268.0 

See footnotes at end of cable. 

.,,' . 
102 CRIMINAL JUSTICE 'EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution fuJi·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

and type of government: October 1971·0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

VERMONT. • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

VIRGINIA • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

WASHINGTON. • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL , COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WEST VIRGINIA •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

WISCONSIN. • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUtHCIPALlTIES 

WYOMING. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

65 

59 

6 

6 

q86 

127 

359 

HO 

219 

683 

217 

q66 

321 

H5 

208 

51 

157 

137 

20 

671 

156 

515 

322 

193 

72 

8 

6q 

52 

12 

October 

payroll 

See footnotes at end of table. 

65 

61 

5 

October 1973 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

79 

76 

3 

3 

675 

192 

q83 

275 

208 

8qq 

2qq 

600 

qn 

168 

27q 

57 

217 

189 

28 

855 

163 

692 

454 

238 

134 

29 

105 

80 

25 

October 

payroll 

89 

85 

4 

4 

809 

278 

531 

257 

274 

1 061 

343 

718 

497 

221 

226 

57 

169 

lq4 

25 

987 

22q 

76) 

500 

263 

112 

39 

73 

55 

19 

Employment and payroll I 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

82 

77 

5 

2 

3 

663 

89 

5?q 

309 

265 

916 

255 

661 

q66 

195 

29q 

6q 

230 

208 

22 

920 

152 

768 

530 

238 

15) 

32 

121 

96 

25 

October 

payroll 

95 

90 

5 

1 

4 

798 

122 

676 

331 

)q4 

1 220 

389 

831 

575 

256 

250 

68 

182 

159 

2q 

1 117 

2ql 

875 

607 

268 

135 

ql 

93 

74 

19 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

71 

63 

8 

2 

6 

911 

93 

602 

315 

287 

989 

289 

700 

487 

213 

380 

HO 

240 

2H 

26 

1 014 

206 

808 

563 

245 

158 

38 

120 

93 

27 

October 

payroll 

103 

93 

10 

1 

9 

136 1 359 

775 

365 

410 

1 382 

q46 

936 

6qq 

292 

395 

154 

241 

213 

28 

1 300 

318 

982 

679 

303 

lq6 

q8 

99 

73 

26 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

106 

100 6 

2 

4 

761 

98 

663 

326 

337 

1 148 

329 

819 

593 

226 

389 

166 

223 

204 

19 

1 223 

426 

797 

598 

199 

152 

29 

123 

101 

22 

October 

payroll 

139 

133 6 

1 

5 

1 036 

149 

887 

408 

480 

1 705 

515 1 190 

819 

372 

521 

206 

315 

288 

28 

1 789, 

645 1 144 

8H 

330 

182 

39 

14q 

117 

26 
LEGAL SERVICES AND PROSECUTION 103 

Table 23. Percent change in legal services and prosecution full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State 

and type of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued --. - -- --

Emp loymen t and payro 11--

Continued 

State and t,.pe of October 

government 

Full-time 

equivalent 

ernp layment 

VERMONT. 101 

STATE. 98 

LOCAL, TOTAL 3 

COUNTI ES - MUNIC IPAL IT IES 3 

VIRG!NIA • 789 

STATE. 120 

LOCAL. TOTAL 669 

COUNT IES 337 

MUNICIPALITIES 332 

WASHINGTON 1 200 

STAn:. 381 

LOCAL, TOTAL 819 

COUNT IES 614 

MUNIC IPALITIES 205 

WEST VIRGINIA. 415 

STATE. !l18 

LOCAL, TOTAL 267 

COUNTI ES 244 

MUNICIPALITIES 23 

WISCONSIN. 1 248 

STATE. 408 

LOCAL, TOTAL 840 

COUNT IES 639 

MUNICIPALITIES 201 

WYOMING. 195 

STATE. 59 

LOCAL, TOTAL 136 

COUNT IES 111 

MUNICIPALITIES 25 

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

X Not applicable. 

1979 

October 

payroll 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

l:il 

146 , 

-., 

179 

185 

994 

452 

542 

939 

653 

286 

925 

361 

497 

216 

282 

251 

31 

021 

770 

251 

911 

340 

253 

89 

164 

131 

33 

October 1976 to 

October 1979 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

-4.7 8.6 

-2.0 9.8 

,0.0 16.7 

-100.0 -100.0 

-2,.0 - 3.7 13.8 

22.4 24.2 

.9 12.1 

3.4 10.8 

-1.5 12.9 

4.5 13.7 

104.0 26.8 

- 8.1 

94.6 12.9 

-9.3 -3.0 

6.7 -4.6 

-10.8 4.9 

19.7 10.5 

19.6 12.8 

21.1 10.7 

2.0 13.0 

-4.2 19.4 

5.4 9.4 

6.9 11.9 

1.0 3.0 

28.3 39.0 

103.4 128.2 10.6 13.9 

9.9 12.0 

13.6 26.9 

Percent increase or d~~reasc (-) 

October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full- time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equiva1l!nt payroll emp loyment employment employment 

21., 36.9 27.8 69.7 ".4 132.3 

28.8 39.3 28.9 71.8 66.1 139.3 -,0.0 -20.0 - 2,.0 -,0.0 - - - - - - - -50.0 -20.0 - 25.0 -50.0 - 38.9 92.2 16.9 45.7 62.3 180.0 

51.2 93.1 -37;5 33.5 -5.5 28.5 

34.5 91.7 38.5 87.2 86.4 258.8 

96.4 157.0 22.5 75.9 140.7 352.0 

-5.0 53.9 59.6 97.8 51.6 204.5 

23.6 63.5 '12.2 82.8 75.7 198.8 

12.'1 42.3 56.1 90.4 75.6 171.0 

28.8 76.0 36.5 78.9 75.8 215.2 

34.6 84.1 42.1 86.1 91.3 242.6 

15.9 60.1 22.0 63.3 41.4 161.6 

31.7 62.6 51.5 119.9 99.5 257.6 

11.8 26.7 159.6 278.9 190.2 380.0 

38.2 79.8 23.0 06.9 70.1 200.0 

38.0 82.3 29.1 74.3 78.1 217.7 

40.0 66.7 17.9 24.0 15.0 106.7 

27.4 53.7 46.0 104.8 86.0 214.8 

4.5 42.7 150.3 243.8 161.5 390.4 

34.4 57.3 21.4 64.0 63.1 157.9 

41.0 71.2 40.7 82.2 98.4 212.0 

23.3 36.3 15.5 29.3 4.1 76.2 

86.1 124.0 45.5 125.9 170.8 406.0 

262.5 387.5 103.4 128.2 637.5 1 012.5 

64.1 73.5 29.5 124.7 112.5 290.5 

53.8 66.7 38.8 138.2 113.5 297.0 

108.3 111.1 - 73.7 108.3 266.7 

lnnta for municipalities, and the local governments totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject to sampling variation; data for cc>untles (boroughs, parishes) 

based on a canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitations. Payrolls amounts are in thousands of dollars. 
Section VI. PUBLIC DEFENSE 
PUBLIC DEFENSE 

Table 24. Percent change in public defense total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by Stc:te 

and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total 'cxpenditurc 2 Percent increase or decrease (-) 

government 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 I 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL • 67 452 193 253 227 384 263 302 314 675 357 030 13.5 186.5 84.7 STATES 17 266 73 127 78 622 90 393 109 294 127 892 17.0 :323.5 74.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 50 969 127 938 157 364 185 151 216 824 239 159 10.3 151.0 86.9 COUNTIES 41 141 102 280 130 006 156 347 180 215 196 296 8.9 148.6 91.9 MUNICIPALITIES 9 943 26 036 28 518 29 833 38 655 44 638 15.5 161.9 71. 'I 

ALABAMA 34 1 396 1 122 1 819 1 816 1 946 7.2 4 005.9 39.4 

STATE - 1 243 1 001 1 559 1 571 1 515 -3.6 (xl 21.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 34 191 130 281 266 438 64.7 461.8 129.3 COUNTI ES. 34 79 45 54 129 149 15.5 132.4 88.6 MUNICIPALITIES. - 111 99 227 137 290 111. 7 (xl 161. 3 

ALASKA. 557 1 304 1 324 2 002 2 159 2 614 21.1 134.1 100.5 STAT!: • 556 1 302 1 324 2 002 2 159 2 614 21.1 134.2 100.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 2 - - - - - 100.0 -100.0 BOROUGHS. - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. 1 2 - - - - - 100.0 -100.0 

ARIZONA. 730 3 535 4 669 5 448 5 496 6 098 11.0 384.2 72.5 STATE: • - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 730 3 535 4 669 5 448 5 496 6 098 11.0 384.2 72.5 COUNTIES. 730 3 247 4 562 5 326 5 403 5 885 8.9 344.8 Bl.2 MUNICIPALITIES. - 288 367 386 426 588 38.0 (xl 104.2 

ARKANSAS. 38 452 572 614 552 807 46.2 1 089.5 78.5 STATE • - 20 15 43 15 16 6.7 (xl -20.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 38 475 572 571 537 791 47.3 1 150.0 66.5 COUNTIES. 38 474 542 515 453 679 49.9 1 147.4 43.2 MUNICIPALITI ES. - B 36 66 84 133 58.3 (xl 1 562.5 

CALIFORNIA. 19 817 40 255 49 317 62 811 75 938 79 592 4.8 103.1 97.7 STATE • 775 1 878 2 154 4 356 6 469 6 440 -.4 142.3 242.9 LOCAL, TOTAL .• 19 817 39 152 47 938 59 230 71 222 74 352 4.4 97.6 89.9 COUNTIES. 19 183 38 096 46 804 57 551 67 907 70 184 3.4 98.6 84.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 635 1 056 1 133 1 679 3 315 4 168 25.7 66.3 294.7 

COLORAOO. 1 443 2 977 3 020 3 554 3 067 4 642 51.4 106.3 55.9 STATE. 1 294 2 794 2 980 3 534 3 045 4 620 51.7 115.9 65.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 149 183 40 20 22 22 - 22.8 -88.0 COUNTIES. 42 20 23 14 16 16 - -52.4 -20.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 107 163 22 15 22 39 77.3 52.3 -76.1 

CONN ECTI CUT 1 141 2 024 2 076 2 789 3 196 3 994 25.0 '17.4 97.3 STATE • 1 141 2 007 2 049 2 775 3 183 3 675 15.5 75.9 83.1 LOCAL. TOTAL. - 17 27 14 13 269 1 969.2 (xl 1 482.4 MUNICIPALITIES. - 17 27 14 13 269 1 969.2 (xl 1 482.4 

DELAWARE. 195 560 610 674 908 1 082 19.2 187.2 93.2 STATE • 195 540 605 663 758 1 023 35.0 176.9 89.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. - 20 5 11 150 59 -60.7 (xl 195.0 COUNTIES. - 20 5 11 150 59 -60.7 (xl 195.0 MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 256 1 935 4 807 4 254 5 770 6 002 4.0 54.1 210.2 

FLORIDA. 3 641 10 068 11 161 14 120 16 458 19 679 19.6 176.5 95.5 STATE • 2 031 9 041 9 803 12 177 13 827 15 184 9.8 345.2 67.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 610 1 028 1 359 1 980 2 631 4 495 70.8 -36.1 337.3 COUNTIES. 1 266 921 1 220 1 867 2 535 4 419 74.3 -27.3 379.8 MUN ICIPALIT IES. 367 134 165 136 98 7B -20.4 -63.5 -41.8 

GEORG IA • 481 2 854 3 300 2 316 2 274 3 130 37.6 493.3 9.7 STATE • - 1 316 1 664 501 349 362 3.7 (xl -72.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 481 1 638 1 776 2 027 2 074 2 768 33.5 240.5 69.0 COUNTIES. 490 1 570 1 688 1 923 1 927 2 599 3'1.9 220.4 65.5 MUNICIPALITIES. - 87 129 142 148 187 26.4 (xl 114.9 

HAWAII. 352 1 269 1 64B 1 890 20lJ. 1 453 -27.7 260.5 14.5 STATE. 352 1 269 1 647 1 890 2 011 1 453 -27.7 260.5 14.5 LOCAL. TOTAL. - 3 1 - - - - (xl -100.0 COUNT I ES. - 3 - - - - - (xl -100.0 MUNICIPALITIES. - - 1 - - - - - - IDAHO. 212 681 726 749 855 1 052 2;;.0 221.2 54.5 STATE. - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 212 681 726 754 855 1 052 23.0 221.2 54.5 COUNT I ES. 210 6B5 726 754 855 1 044 22.1 226.2 52.4 MUNICIPALITIES. 3 1 - - - 8 (X) -66.7 700.0 

ILLINOIS. 2 559 7 393 9 843 11 479 14 149 15 387 8.7 188.9 108.1 STATE. - 1 712 1 780 1 487 1 712 2 023 lB.2 (xl 18.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 559 5 681 8 063 9 992 12 437 13 364 7.5 122.0 135.2 COUNTI ES. 2 559 5 660 7 978 9 987 12 414 13 354 7.6 121.2 135.9 MUNICIPALITIES. - 21 85 24 57 50 -12.3 (xl 138.1 

INDIANA. 635 1 797 2 £l5Ll 2 920 3 113 3 329 6.9 183.0 85.3 STATE • 78 252 343 759 1 123 580 -48.4 223.1 130.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 557 1 545 2 111 2 161 1 990 2 749 38.1 177.4 77.9 COUNTIES. 473 1 335 1 814 1 956 1 968 2 237 13.7 182.2 67.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 84 214 297 205 22 513 2 231.8 154.8 139.7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

105 

1971 to 1979 

429.3 

640.7 

369.2 

377.1 

348.9 

5 623.5 (xl I 188.2 

338.2 (xl 

369.3 

370.1 

-100.0 

- -100.0 

735.3 

- 735.3 

706.2 

(xl 

2 023.7 (xl 1 981.2 

1 686.8 (xl 

301.6 

731.0 

275.2 

265.9 

556.4 

221.7 

257.0 

-85.2 

-61. 9 

-63.6 

250.0 

222.1 

(xl 

(xl 

454.9 

424.6 

' (xl 

(xl 

-

377.9 

'140.5 

647.6 

179.2 

249.1 

-78.7 

550.7 

(xl 475.5 

430.4 

(xl 

312.8 

312.8 

-

-

- 396.2 

- 396.2 

397.1 

166.7 

501.3 (X) 

422.2 

421.8 

(xl 

424.3 

643.6 

393.5 

372.9 

510.7 
106 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 24. Percent change in public defense total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State 

and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

S tate and type of Total expenditure:l Percent increase or decrease (~) 

government 1 

1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

IOWA. 587 1 736 3 028 2 915 2 538 3 757 Q8.0 195.7 116.Q 

STATE • - 18 28 9 - 68 (xl (xl 277.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 587 1 718 3 000 2 906 2 538 3 689 Q5.Q 192.7 11Q.7 COUNTIES. 583 1 7Q6 3 009 2 90Q 2 529 3 655 QQ.5 199.5 109.3 MUNICIPALITIES. Q - I 2 9 QQ 388.9 -100.0 (xl 

KANSAS. 701 I 507 I 965 2 075 2 311 2 471 6.9 115.0 6Q.0 

STATE • 608 I 337 I 767 I 93Q 2 243 2 222 -.9 119.9 66.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 93 170 198 26Q 208 249 19.7 82.8 46.5 COUNTIES. 92 153 191 190 118 180 52.5 66.3 17.6 MUNICIPALITIES. I 18 6 78 9Q 69 -26.6 I 700.0 283.3 

KENTUCKY. 37 I 083 I 281 I 358 2 039 2 Q88 22.0 2 827.0 129.7 STATE • - I 890 2 071 2 322 2 706 3 368 2Q.5 (xl 78.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 37 Q44 518 381 615 667 8.5 1 100.0 50.2 COUNTI.ES. 20 450 824 408 6Q4 619 -3.9 2 150.0 37.6 HUN IC IPALIT I ES. 17 45 86 171 166 11Q -31. 3 16Q.7 153.3 

LOUISIANA. Q97 1 169 I 581 1 690 1 631 2 231 36.8 135.2 90.8 STATE - - - 60 230 - -100.0 - - LOCAL, TOTAL. Q97 I 169 I 581 I 630 I 401 2 231 59.2 135.2 90.8 PARISHES. 284 691 896 I 150 631 1 062 68.3 143.3 53.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 213 48Q 692 489 988 1 171 18.5 127.2 141.9 

MAINE. 149 Ql1 4Q6 129 68Q 800 17.0 175.8 94.6 STATE • - 150 176 - 684 799 16.8 (xl 432.7 LOCAL. TOTAL. 149 261 270 129 - 1 (xl 75.2 -99.6 COUNTI ES. 149 259 270 129 - 1 (xl 73.8 -99.6 MUNICIPALITIES. - 2 - - - - - (xl -100.0 

MARYLAND. 790 5 579 6 847 6 708 7 074 7 233 2.2 606.2 29.6 STATE. 300 5 569 6 834 6 674 7 015 7 213 2.8 I 756.3 29.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 490 10 13 34 59 20 -66.1 -98.0 100.0 COUNTIES. 490 10 13 34 59 20 -66.1 -98.0 100.0 MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - MASSACHUSETTS I 116 5 100 5 149 4 292 6877 8 662 26.0 357.0 69.8 STATE I 095 3 095 2 818 2 298 3 564 3 606 1.2 182.6 16.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 21 2 083 2 331 I 994 3 313 . 5 056 52.6 9 819.0 142.7 COUNTIES. 13 2 074 2 307 1 980 2 393 2 8Q6 18.9 15 853.8 36.6 MUN ICIPALITI ES. 8 9 24 14 920 2 213 140.5 12.5 24 488.9 

MICHIGAN. 2 631 12 490 13 Q39 14 646 15 496 16 233 4.6 374.7 29.8 STATE • - 6 532 7 149 6 980 1 169 2 272 94.4 (xl -65.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 631 11 437 12 57Q 13 591 14 327 14 761 3.0 334.7 29.1 COUNTIES. 1 374 9 559 11 331 13 020 13 767 14 133 2.7 595.7 47.9 MUNICIPALITIES. I 256 1 878 I 247 571 559 629 12.5 49.5 -66.5 

MINNESOTA • 825 2 172 2 784 4 187 5 075 7 416 46.1 163.3 241.4 STATE • 184 335 288 329 573 928 62.0 82.1 177.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 641 1 838 2 496 3 858 4 510 6 494 4'1.0 186.7 253.3 COUNTIES. 631 1 920 2 633 3 990 4 698 6 744 Q3.6 204.3 251.3 MUN I C I PALIT I ES. 51 113 29 21 39 59 51.3 121.6 -47.8 

MISSISSIPPI Ql 594 774 912 876 920 5.0 1 348.8 54.9 STATE 

LOCAL, 

• - - - - - - - - - TOTAL. 41 594 774 912 876 920 5.0 1 3Q8.8 54.9 COUNTIES. 40 551 743 8Q2 839 875 4.3 1 277.5 58.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 1 42 31 71 37 45 21.6 4 100.0 7.1 

MISSOURI. 236 2 067 2 219 2 256 2 M6 3 031 6.5 'n5.8 Q6.6 STATE • - 1 781 I 888 1 876 2 544 2 715 6.7 ixl 52.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 236 286 331 380 302 321 6.3 21.2 12.2 COUNTI ES. 89 36 45 51 18 32 77.8 -59.6 -11.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 147 250 287 329 285 288 1.1 70.1 15.2 

MONTANA • 89 381 589 639 905 676 -25.3 328.1 77.4 STATE • - - - - - 63 (xl - (xl LOCAL, TOTAL. 89 381 589 639 905 613 -32.3 328.1 60.9 COUNTIES. 89 370 577 626 832 597 -28.2 315.7 61.4 MUN ICIPALITI ES. - 11 12 13 77 16 -79.2 (xl Q5.5 

NE8RASKA. 384 975 1 160 1 187 1 279 1 255 -1.9 153.9 28.7 STATE • - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 384 975 1 160 1 187 I 279 I 255 -1.9 153.9 28.7 COUNTI ES. 384 976 I 160 1 187 1 279 I 255 -1.9 154.2 28.6 MUN IC IPALITI ES. - 3 3 - - - - (xl -100.0 

NEVADA. 477 1 222 1 526 1 882 1 944 2 045 5.2 156.2 67.3 STATE. q 161 199 234 266 271 1.9 2 583.3 68.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 471 1 094 1 356 1 693 1 725 1 869 8.3 132.3 70.8 COUNTI ES. 471 I 081 1 3U8 1 629 1 680 I 569 11.3 129.5 72.9 MUNICIPALITIES. - 13 7 68 156 56 -64.1 (xl 330.8 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 163 230 491 278 320 668 108.8 41.1 190.4 STATE • 150 230 491 284 319 625 95.9 53.3 171.7 LOCAL, TOT.AL. 13 - - 1 1 43 4 200.0 -100.0 (xl COUNTIES. ... 13 - - - I 43 4 200.0 -100.0 (xl MUNICIPALITIES. - - - 1 - - - - - See footnotes at end of tal;lle. 

1971 eo 1979 

5QO.0 

(xl 

528.Q 

526.9 

I 000.0 

252.5 

265.5 

167.7 

95.7 6 800.0 

6 62Q.3 

(xl 1 702.7 

2 995.0 

570.6 

3Q8.9 

- 3Q8.9 

273.9 

QQ9.8 

436.9 (xl -99.3 

-99.3 

- 815.6 

2 304.3 

-95.9 

-95.9 

- 676.2 

229.3 23 976.2 ~1 792.3 

27 562.5 

516.2 (xl 461.0 

928.6 

-49.9 

798.9 

404.3 

913.1 

968.8 

15.7 

2 143.9 

- 2 lQ3.9 

2 087.5 

4 400.0 

1 184.3 

(xl 

36.0 

-64.0 

95.9 

659.6 (xl 588.8 

570.8 (xl 

226.8 

- 226.8 

226.8 

- 328.7 

4 416.7 

296.8 

296.8 

(xl 

309.8 

316.7 

230.8 

230.8 

-
PUBLIC DEFENSE 

Table 24. Percent change in public defense total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State 

and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total expel1dit.u~c2. Percent increase or decrease 

government 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 1;.0 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

NEW JERSEY. 5 102 10 930 10 72q 12 379 14 289 19 Oq5 33.3 l1q.2 7q.2 STATE • 5 059 10 5q7 10 3»5 12 031 lq 076 18 577 32.0 108.5 76.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 43 383 339 3q8 q43 q68 5.6 790.7 22.2 COUNTIES. 18 236 2q3 182 190 196 3.2 1 211.1 -16.9 MUNICIPALITIES. 25 lq7 96 181 269 278 3.3 q8? 0 89.1 

NEW MEXICO. 160 1 8q5 2 414 2 137 3 111 2 789 -10.4 1 053.1 51.2 STATE • 137 1 813 2 386 2 034 3 056 2 706 -11.5 1 223.q 49.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 23 32 28 103 55 83 50.9 39.1 159.4 COUNTI ES. 8 - - 75 - - - -100.0 - MUNICIPALITIES. 15 32 28 28 55 83 50.9 113.3 159.l~ 

NEW YORK. 8 834 26 295 26 657 32 364 38 794 42 334 9.1 197.7 61,0 STATE • 500 4 004 2 994 5 206 9 063 10 089 11.3 760.8 152.0 LOCAL t TOTAL. 8 334 22 291 23 663 27 158 29 731 32 245 8.5 167.5 44.7 COUNTIES. 4 124 8 106 9 919 12 928 12 538 13 219 5. /1 96.6 63.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 4 210 14 185 13 744 14 2q7 17 193 19 026 10.7 236.9 34.1 

NORTH CAROLINA. 1 619 4 965 4 840 1 228 5 101 6 021 18.0 206.7 21.3 STATE • . . . 1 615 4 965 q 825 4 755 5 010 5 956 18.9 207.4 20.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. q - 27 78 91 65 -28.6 -100.0 (xl COUNTIES. 2 - 93 90 100 100 - -100.0 (X) MUNICIPALITIES. 2 - 26 21 60 51 -15.0 -100.0 (xl 

NORTH DAKOTA. 70 205 200 252 217 339 56.2 192.9 65.4 STATE • - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 70 205 200 252 217 339 56.2 192.9 65.4 COUNT I ES. 69 205 200 252 212 334 57.5 197.1 62.9 MUN ICIPAL ITI ES. 1 - 1 - 5 5 - -100.0 (X) 

OHIO. 1 293 q 282 5 q51 9 q98 12 525 11 313 -9.7 231.2 16q.2 STATE • - 50 72 1 606 7 804 7 230 -7.4 (xl 14 360.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 293 q 235 5 379 7 892 11 856 10 222 -13.8 227.5 l/U.q COUNTIES. 1 239 3 5q8 q 805 6 982 11 139 9 536 -lq.q 186.q 168.8 MUNICIPALITIES., 5q 695 594 999 1 2q5 1 099 -11, 7 1 1 187.0 I 58.11 

OKLAHOMA. 538 739 918 1 016 1 255 1 135 -9.6 37.q 53.6 STATE • - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 538 739 918 1 016 1 255 1 135 -9.6 37. 11 53.6 COUNTI ES. 538 70q 890 882 1 028 931 -9.q 30.9 32.2 MUNICIPALITIES. - 35 29 134 227 203 -10.6 (X) 480.0 

OREGON. 702 2 660 3 335 3 918 q 713 6 114 29.7 278.9 129.8 STATE • 106 113 228 269 385 379 -1,6 6.6 235.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 597 2 547 3 107 3 668 q 357 5 743 31.8 326.6 125.5 COUNTI ES. 558 2 q72 2 989 3 592 4 283 5 581 30.3 34~.0 125.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 39 77 120 9q 85 167 96.5 97.q 116.9 

PENNSYLVANIA. 3 015 7 168 8 347 9 723 10 963 11 872 8.3 137.7 65.6 STATE. 

LOCAL, - - - - - - - - - TOTAL. 3 015 7 168 8 3q7 9 723 10 963 11 872 8.3 137.7 65.6 COUNTI ES. 1 712 q 042 5 15q 6 051 6 546 6 883 5.1 136.1 70.3 MUN ICIPALlTI ES. 1 304 3 125 3 192 3 672 4 417 4 989 12.9 139.6 59.6 

RHODE ISLAND. 221 q20 521 623 666 816 22.5 90.0 94.3 STATE • 221 q20 521 623 666 816 22.5 90.0 94.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - SOUTH CAROLINA. 430 1 049 1 158 1 162 1 483 1 781 20.1 1411.0 69.8 STATE 338 608 616 691 665 801 20.5 79.9 31.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 92 qq2 5q2 555 856 980 14.5 380.4 121.7 COUNTIES. 92 q29 605 651 1 002 1 144 lq .2 366.3 166.7 MUN ICIPALITI ES. - 13 q 2 - 6 (X) (X) -53.8 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 150 267 558 578 627 486 -22.5 78.0 82.0 STATE. - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 150 267 578 618 627 q86 -22.5 78.0 82.0 COUNT! ES. 150 261 578 61q 617 q86 -21.2 7q.0 86.2 MUNICIPALITIES. - 6 - 9 10 2 -80.0 (X) -66.7 

TENNESSEE • 514 1 669 2 246 2 523 3 183 3 884 22.0 22q.7 132.7 STATE. 235 955 1 353 1 q51 1 761 2 306 30.9 306.4 141. 5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 279 71q 893 1 072 1 422 1 578 11,0 155.9 121.0 COUNTIES. 211 q69 613 742 921 1 083 17.6 122.3 130.9 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 68 244 283 330 501 519 3.6 258.8 112.7 

TEXAS 1 3l~1 4 020 5 223 5 q73 7 361 9 309 26.5 191.1 131. 6 STATE • - - - - - 152 (X) - (X) LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 381 4 020 5 223 5 473 7 361 9 157 24.4 191.1 127.8 COUNT 1 ES. 1 380 4 020 5 192 5 411 7 332 9 082 23.9 191. 3 125.9 MUNICIPALITIES. 1 15 55 62 29 75 158.6 1 400.0 400.0 

UTAH. 45 39~ 530 658 807 1 005 24.5 777.8 154.4 S·~ATE • - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 45 395 530 658 807 1 005 24.5 777.8 154.4 COUNTIES. 45 382 514 638 780 981 25.8 748.9 156.8 MUNIC IPALITI ES. - 13 16 20 27 23 -14.8 (X) 76.9 

See ~ootnotes at end of table. 

107 

1971 to 1979 

273.3 

267.2 

988.q 

988.9 1 012.0 

1 643.1 

1 875.2 

260.9 

-100.0 

453.3 

379.2 

1 917.8 

286.9 

220.5 

351.9 

271.9 

268.8 

1 525.0 

4 900.0 

2 q50.0 

384.3 

- 384.3 

384.1 

qOO.O 

774.9 (X) 

690.6 

669.7 1 935.2 

111.0 

- 111.0 

73.0 

(X) 

770.9 

257.5 

862.0 

900.2 

328.2 

293.8 

- 293.8 

302.0 

282.6 

269.2 

269.2 

-

- 314.2 

137.0 

965.2 

1 143.5 (X) 

22q.0 

- 224.0 

224.0 (X) 

655.6 

81)1, 3 

465.6 

413.3 

663.2 

574.1 

(xl 563.1 

558.1 

7 400.0 

2 133.0 

- 2 133.0 2 080.0 

(X) 
108 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 24. Percent change in public defense total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State 

and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

State and eype of 

government I 1971 

VERMONT. - STATE • - LOCAL, TOTAL. - COUNTI ES. - MUNICIPALITIES. - VIRGINIA. 123 

STATE • 92 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 31 

COUNTIES. 3 

MUNICIPALITIES. 28 

WASH INGTON. 574 

STATE. 143 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 431 

COUNTIES. 431 

MUNICIPALITIES. 27 

WEST VIRGINIA. 4 

STATE • - LOCAL, TOTAL. 4 

COUNTIES. 4 

MUNICIPALITIES. - WISCONSIN 831 

STATE • 55 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 783 COUNTIES. 776 MUN IC IPALITI ES. 18 

WYOMING • 32 STATE. - LOCAL, TOTAL. 32 COUNTIES. 32 

MUN ICIPALITI ES. - - Represents zero 01:." rounds to zero. 

X Not applicable. 

1975 

628 

628 

-

-

- 4 068 

3 850 

218 

III 

107 

3 425 

416 

3 009 

2 580 

434 

71 

-

71 

71 

- 2 687 

286 2 407 

2 407 

-

253 

- 253 

250 

2 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total expenditure: 

1976 197) 1978 

879 990 1 180 

879 990 1 180 

- - - - - - - - - 4 822 5 273 5 669 

4 529 4 938 5 292 

293 335 377 

143 115 154 150 220 224 

4 411 5 962 6 609 200 320 398 

4 219 5 6112 6 211 

3 651 4 919 5 462 586 745 881 

27 36 1 057 

- - 1 011 

27 36 46 27 6 46 

- 30 - 3 901 4 519 5 027 560 733 1 392 3 341 3 786 4 246 

3 341 3 757 4 245 

- ;19 1 

294 396 379 

- - - 294 396 379 294 364 379 

- 32 -

Percent increase or decrease (-) 

1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

1 22~ 3.6 (X) 94.7 1 221 3.5 (X) 94.4 2 (X) - (X) 

- - - - 2 (X) - (X) 

7 295 28.7 3 207.3 79.3 6 942 31.2 4 OM.8 80.3 353 -6.4 603.2 61.9 237 53.9 3 600.0 113.5 J83 -18.3 282.1 71.0 

8 774 32.8 496.7 156.2 

618 55.3 190.9 48.6 8 126 30.8 598.1 170.1 

7 325 34.1 498.6 183.9 

862 -2.2 1 507.4 98.6 

J 580 49.5 1 675.0 2 125.4 1 541 52.4 - (X) 

39 -15.2 1 675.0 45.1 38 -17.4 1 675.0 -46.5 1 (xl - (X) 

8 606 71.2 223.3 220.3 4 329 211.0 420.0 1 413.6 

4 466 5.2 207.4 85.5 4 435 4.5 210.2 84.3 35 3 400.0 -100.0 (X) 

698 84.2 690.6 175.9 574 (xl - (X) 148 -60.9 690.6 -41.5 148 -60.9 681.3 -40.8 

- - (X) -100.0 

1971 to 1979 

(X) 

(Xl (X 

-(xl 

5 830.9 

7 445.7 

1 038.7 

7 800.0 

553.6 

1 428.6 

332.2 

1 785.4 

1 599.5 

3 092.6 

39 '100.0 (X) 875.0 

850.0 

(x) 

935.6 

7 770.9 

470.4 

471.5 

94.4 

2 081.3 (X) 362.5 

362.5 

-

'For each State, and the United States sununary, the expenditure figures shown on the "LocaL, totaL" Une and the combined State-local total lin,o (the data shown opposite the 

names of the individual States) exclUde duplicat.ive intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was done to avoid the artificial inflation which would result if an intergovernmental expenditure amount for one government is tabulated and then counted again when the recipient government(s) ultimately expend(s) that amo'unth 

IOata for municipalities, and the local governments totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject to sampling variation; data for counties (boroughs, parishes) 

are based on a canvass of all county governments and therefore .He not subject to sampling variation; sec text for data limitations. 
PUBLIC DEFENSE 

This page left blank to preserve table sequence. 
110 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

Enlploymeul: and payroll I 

October 1971 October 1975 October 1976 October 1977 October 1978 

State and type of 

government: 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL •• STATES ••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

ALABAMA. STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ALASKA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • BOROUGHS ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARIZONA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARKANSAS. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CALIFORNIA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

COLORADO • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CONNECTICUT. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

DELAWARE • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL. • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 

FLORIDA. • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

GEORGIA. •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

HAWAII • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

IDAHO. • STATE. • • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ILLINOIS • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

INDIANA. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

Full-time 

cquiva lent 

cmp layment 

3 458 

985 2 47J 2 259 

214 

1 

20 

20 

65 

65 

65 

1 138 

1 138 1 099 

39 

100 

99 

1 

1 

23 

23 

65 

350 

210 

140 

102 

38 

20 

20 

19 

1 

22 

22 

20 

20 

20 

220 

220 

220 

52 

8 

44 

40 

4 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 

payroll 

3 351 

878 2 474 2 281 

193 

1 

30 

30 

67 

67 

67 

1 507 

1 507 1 447 

61 

95 

94 

1 

1 

97 

97 

17 

17 

50 

237 

151 

86 

64 

22 

16 

16 

15 

2 

23 

23 

10 

10 

10 

194 

194 

36 

7 

29 

24 

6 

FulL- time 

equiva lent 

employment 

6 172 

2 547 

3 625 3 423 

202 

3 

3 

3 

19 

19 

1 564 

1 500 

64 

125 

125 

89 

89 

33 

33 

675 

650 

25 

20 

5 

25 

25 

25 

506 

97 

409 

407 2 

116 

22 

94 

75 

19 

October 

\!Iayroll 

7 898 3 057 4 841 

4 629 

212 

2 

2 

2 

78 

78 

185 

185 

184 1 

22 

22 

22 

2 676 

2 676 

2 575 

101 

179 

179 

127 

127 

721 

695 

26 

22 

4 

61 

6 

55 

49 

6 

67 

67 

21 

21 

21 

613 

116 

497 

496 1 

102 

22 

80 

62 

18 

rull-time 

equiva leht 

employment 

7 036 2 843 4 193 3 974 

219 

3 

159 

159 

155 4 

36 

36 

33 

3 

1 677 

50 1 627 1 561 

66 

138 

137 1 

1 

108 

108 

32 

32 

727 

687 

40 

32 

8 

72 

7 

65 

61 

4 

51 

51 

29 

29 

29 

626 

85 

541 

540 

1 

180 

28 

152 

120 

32 

October 

payroll 

9 414 3 624 5 790 5 539 

251 

4 

4 

2 

2 

99 

99 

233 

233 

227 6 

37 

37 

33 

4 

3 052 

72 2 980 2 864 

115 

204 

204 1 

37 

37 

25 

25 

25 

809 

104 

705 

705 

150 

29 

122 

99 

23 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

cmp layment. 

7 874 

3 175 4 699 

4 441 

258 

2 

1 

1 

1 

51 

51 

150 

27 

22 

5 

1 946 

137 1 809 1 701 

108 

136 

136 

128 

128 

789 

735 

54 

54 

65 

10 

55 

50 

5 

57 

57 

25 

25 

25 

165 

35 

130 

129 1 

October 

payroll 

11 751 4 376 7 375 

7 058 

317 

4 

2 

2 

2 

111 

111 

239 

239 

238 

1 

29 

29 

24 

5 

3 676 

235 3 441 3 274 

167 

192 

192 

183 

183 

1 

1 059 1 003 

55 

55 

78 

12 

66 

60 

6 

73 

73 

970 

107 

863 

863 

175 

46 

129 

128 1 

Full-t~mc 

equivalent 

employment 

8 038 3 159 4 879 4 543 

336 

6 

2 

4 

2 

2 

51 

51 

161 

161 

160 

1 

30 

30 

24 

6 

1 908 

141 1 767 1 694 

73 

149 

149 

132 

132 

53 

53 

36 

36 

36 

147 

38 

109 

108 1 

October 

payroll 

12 062 4 724 7 337 6 824 

513 

8 

4 

4 

2 

2 

107 

107 

291 

289 2 

35 

35 

28 

7 

3 759 

286 

347) 

3 ~Jl 

142 

242 

242 

210 

210 

56 

56 

185 

1 206 1 142 

64 

60 

4 

77 

17 

60 

47 

12 

74 

74 

36 

36 

36 

1 108 

134 

975 

975 

164 

51 

113 

112 
PUBLIC DEFENSE 111 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued - EmpLoyment: and payroll ... Percent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

October 1979 Octoher 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

State and type of 

government 

Full-time FuLl .. time Full .. time Full-time Full-time October October October October October equivalent equivaLent equiva Lent eqUivalent equivaLent payroll payroll payroll payro 11 payroll cmp layment cmp loymcnt employment employment employment 

STAT ES-LOCAL, TOTAL 8 566 lq 171 6.6 17.5 78.5 135.7 ~8.8 79.q lq7.7 322.9 STATES ~ 659 5 855 15.8 2~.9 158.6 2Q8.2 '13.7 91.5 271.5 ,66.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL Q 907 8 316 .6 13.3 Q6.6 95.7 35. q 71.8 98.q ~36.1 

COUNTIES Q Q93 7 741 1.1 13.4 51,5 102.9 31.3 67.2 98.9 239.4 MUNICIPALITIES qlq 575 23.2 12.1 -5.6 9.8 105.0 171.2 93.5 197.9 

M.ABAMA. 14 15 133.3 87.5 200.0 100.0 ~66. 7 650.0 1 300.0 1 qOO.O .TATE. 9 13 350.0 225.0 - - (xl (xl (xl (xl LO(AL, TOTAL 5 2 25.0 -50.0 200.0 100.0 66.7 - qOO.O 100.0 CC,IJNTI ES 1 1 -50.0 -50.0 200.0 100.0 -66.7 -50.0 - - MU~ICIPALITIES q 1 100.0 -50.0 - - (xl (xl (xl (xl 

ALASKA 50 120 -2.0 12.1 100.0 160.0' 25.0 53.9 150.0 300.0 STATE. 50 120 -2.0 12.1 100.0 160.0 25.0 53.9 150.0 300.0 LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - - - - - - - BOR(UGHS - - - - - - - - - - MUN Ie IPALITIES - - - - - - - - - - ARIZONA. 

:1 137 273 -lq.9 -6.2 12q.6 176.1 -6.2 q7.6 110.8 307.5 STATE. - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 137 273 -lq.9 -6.2 12q.6 176.1 -6.2 47.6 110.8 307.5 COUNT I ES · .. :, 137 273 -lq. q -5.5 123.1 17q.6 -5.5 48.4 110.8 307.5 MUNICIPALITI~3 - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl -100.0 -100.0 - - ARKANSAS 48 63 60.0 80.0 (:<) (xl 152.6 186.4 (x) (x) STATE. - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 48 63 60.0 80.0 (Xl (x) 152.6 186.4 (xl (xl COUNTI ES · .. 45 60 87.5 114.3 (x (xl D6.8 172.7 (Xl (xl t4UN IC IPAL IT I ES 3 3 -50.0 -57.1 .. - (xl (xl (x (xl 

CALIFORNIA 1 980 4 464 3.8 18.8 37.4 77.6 26.6 66.8 74.0 196.2 STATE. 133 340 -5.7 18.9 - - (xl (xl (xl (xl LOCAL, TOTAL 1 M7 q 124 4.5 18.7 37.4 77.6 18.1 54.1 62.3 173.7 COUNTIES 1 73q 3 937 2.4 18.2 36.5 78.0 15.6 52.9 57.8 172.1 MUNICIPALITIES 113 187 5q.B 31.7 64.1 65.6 76.6 85.2 189.7 206.6 

COLORADO 154 253 3.q Q.5 25.0 88.4 23.2 q1.3 54.0 166.3 STATE. 154 253 3.q 4.5 26.3 90.4 23.2 ql.3 55.6 169.2 LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 -100.0 COUNTIES - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 -100.0 MUNICIPAI.ITI ES - - - - - - - - - - CONNECTICUT. lql 252 6.8 20.0 -21.9 30.9 58.q 98.4 23.7 159.8 STATE. 141 252 6.8 20.0 -21.9 30.9 58.q 98.4 23.7 159.8 LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - - - - - - - MUN I C I PALIT I ES - - - - - - - - - - DELAWARE • 48 67 17.1 19.6 QJ.5 100.0 Q5.5 97.1 108.7 29Q.l STATE. 47 66 14.6 17.9 Q3.5 100.0 42.4 94.1 104.4 288.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 1 (xl (xl - - (xl (xl (xl (xl COUNTIES 1 1 (xl (xl - - (xl (xl (xl (xl MUN IC IPAL IT I ES - - - - - - - - - - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: LOCAL, TOTAL 117 192 10.4 3.8 -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl 80.0 284.0 

FLORIDA. 889 1 459 5.5 21.0 92.9 20Q.2 31.7 102.4 15Q.O 515.6 STATE. 8Q8 1 Q08 7.9 23.3 209.5 360.3 30.5 102.6 303.8 832.5 LOCAL. TOTAL Ql 51 -28.1 -20.3 -82.1 -69.8 64.0 96.2 -70.7 -QO.7 COUNTIES 41 51 -25.5 -15.0 -80.Q -65.6 105.0 131.8 -59.8 -20.3 MUN IC IPALITI ES - - -100.0 -100.0 -86.8 -81.8 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

GEORGIA. 99 131 5'1.7 70.1 160.0 281.3 90.4 llQ.8 395.0 718.8 STATE. 22 23 57.1 35.3 (xl (xl 266.7 283.3 (xl (x) LOCAL, TOTAL 77 108 54.0 80.0 130.0 2Q3.8 67.Q 96.4 285.0 575.0 COUNTIES 70 96 66.7 10'1.3 105.3 226.7 79.5 95.9 268.4 SQO.O MUNICIPAL ITIES 7 12 -12.5 - 600.0 200.0 - 100.0 600.0 500.0 

HAWAI I 57 80 7.5 8.1 109.1 191. 3 23.9 19. Q 159.1 2Q7.8 STATE. 57 80 7.5 8.1 109.1 191.3 23.9 19.4 159.1 247.8 LOCAL, COUNT TOTAL 

I ES - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - - - - IDAHO. 33 39 -8.3 8.3 25.0 110.0 32.0 85.7 65.0 290.0 STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 33 

- 39 

- - - - - - - - - -8.3 8.3 25.0 110.0 32.0 85.7 65.0 290.0 COUNTIES 33 ' 39 -8.3 8.3 25.0 110.0 32.0 85.7 65.0 29C.0 MUNICIPALITI~S - - - - - - - - - - ILLINOIS 739 1 159 -.9 Q.6 130.0 216.0 46.0 89.1 235.9 Q97.'I STATE. 99 140 - Q.5 (xl (xl 2.1 20.7 (xl (x) LOCAL, TOTAL 640 1 019 -1.1 Q.5 85.9 156.2 56.5 105.0 190.9 425.3 COUNTIES · .. 640 1 019 -1.1 Q.5 85.0 155.7 57.2 105.11 190.9 425.3 MUNICIPAL ITIES - - - - (xl (xl -100.0 -100.0 - - INDIANA. 195 206 32.7 25.6 12~.1 183.3 68.1 102.0 275.0 472.2 STATE. 27 40 -28.9 ,-21. 6 175.0 214.3 22.7 81.8 237.5 471.'1 LOCAL, TOTAL 168 166 5Q.l 46.9 113.6 175.9 78.7 107.5 281.8 "72.4 COUNTI ES 12Q 13Q 14.8 19.6 87.5 158.31 65.3 116.1 210,0 458.3 MUNICIPALITI ES 44 32 4 300.0 (x) 375.0 200.0 131. 6 77.8 1 000.0 433.3 

, Sec footnotes at end of table. 
112 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971·0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payrolll 

October 1971 October 1975 October 1976 October 1977 October 1978 

State and type of 

government 

IOWA •• STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

KANSAS STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

KENTUCKy STATE. • • • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALIT!ES 

LOUISIANA. • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL PARISHES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MAINE. • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

MARYLAND STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MASSACHUSETTS. •• STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MICHIGAN STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNIC IPALlTH.S 

MINNESOTA. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

MISSISSIPPI. • STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSOURI • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MONTANA. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

NEBRASKA STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

NEVADA • STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NE~ HAMPSHIRE •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

~·ull ... time 

eqUivalent 

employment 

5 

5 

5 

21 

10 

11 

11 

2q 

12 

12 

12 

?q 

7q 

8 

8 

8 

q2 

5 

37 

33 

q 

39 

39 

10 

29 

11 

11 

11 

21 

21 

21 

36 

36 

36 

2 

2 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 

payroll 

3 

3 

11 

6 

5 

5 

18 

18 

18 

11 

11 

11 

60 

59 

q 

q 

29 

5 

2q 

22 

2 

35 

35 

9 

25 

7 

7 

7 

19 

19 

19 

35 

35 

35 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

18 

18 

18 

62 

62 

12 

50 

271 

270 1 

161 

10q 

57 

53 

q 

108 

10 

98 

98 

9 

q 

5 

98 

98 

15 

15 

15 

qq 

qq 

qq 

6q 

6 

58 

58 

October 

payroll 

21 

21 

21 

56 

qq 

12 

12 

368 

367 

1 

1 

219 

150 

68 

6q 

q 

lqO 

11 

129 

129 

5 

5 

3 

2 

98 

97 

15 

15 

15 

68 

68 

68 

95 

10 

85 

85 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

22 

16 

6 

3 

3 

70 

q7 

23 

23 

?q 

22 

52 

268 

265 

3 

3 

198 

150 

q8 

q8 

93 

37 

56 

55 

1 

lq2 

10 

132 

132 

18 

18 

15 

3 

105 

lOq 

1 

1 

11 

11 

11 

55 

55 

55 

69 

8 

61 

61 

October 

payroll 

21 

17 

q 

2 

2 

73 

56 

17 

17 

65 

65 

20 

q5 

357 

355 

2 

2 

127 

61 

66 

65 

1 

209 

13 

197 

197 

15 

15 

1J 

2 

106 

10q 

2 

2 

10 

10 

10 

63 

63 

63 

107 

12 

95 

95 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

35 

35 

35 

6 

67 

57 

10 

10 

?q 

2 

72 

22 

50 

267 

26q 3 

J 

20q 

150 

5q 

5q 

91 

39 

52 

51 

1 

195 

lq 

181 

181 

ql 

36 

5 

125 

123 2 

2 

11 

11 

11 

63 

63 

63 

80 

10 

70 

70 

October 

payroll 

5 

69 

60 

8 

8 

7q 

q 

71 

21 

q9 

383 

380 

2 

2 

222 

178 

qq 

qq 

160 

70 

90 

89 

1 

29q 

19 

275 

275 

25 

25 

23 

2 

125 

122 3 

3 

9 

9 

71 

71 

71 

12q 

15 

109 

109 

Full-time 

equtva lent. 

employment 

20 

17 

3 

78 

7 

71 

22 

q9 

283 

28J 

158 

135 

23 

23 

16 

16 

13 

3 

119 

119 

10 

10 

10 

56 

56 

56 

77 

10 

67 

67 

October 

payroll 

60 

60 

60 

23 

21 

3 

83 

81 

1 

1 

88 

lq 

7J 

22 

52 

212 

182 

30 

30 

139 

69 

70 

69 

1 

299 

J2 

267 

267 

15 

15 

lq 

2 

127 

127 

10 

10 

10 

76 

76 

76 

129 

16 

113 

113 
PUBLIC DEFENSE 113 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Emp loymen t and payro 11-- Percent increase or Continued 

October 1979 Oct.ober 1978 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 

State and type of 

government 

Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payra 11 employment employment employment 

IOWA 43 59 -6.5 -1.7 260.0 600.0 

STATE. - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL ~3 59 -6.5 -1.7 260.0 600.0 COUNTIES 113 59 -6.5 -1.7 260.0 600.0 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - KANSAS 16 21 -20.0 -8.7 -28.6 36.~ 

STATE. 16 21 -5.9 - 40.0 133.3 LOCAL, TOTAL - - -100.0 -100.0 -90.9 -100.0 COUNTIES - - - - -100.0 -100.0 MUNICIPALITIES - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl - KENTUCKY 73 9~ -2.7 13.3 (xl (xl STATE. 73 94 -1.~ 16.1 (xl (xl 

LOCAL, TOTAL - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl COUNTIES - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - LOUISIANA. 73 8~ -6.~ -~. 6 158.3 155.6 STATE. - - -100.0 -100.0 - - LOCAL, TOTAL 73 84 2.8 15.1 158.3 155.6 PARISHES 8 9 -63.6 -59.1 (xl (xl MUNICIPALITIES 65 75 32.7 4~.2 108.3 116.7 

MAINE. - - - - - - STATE. - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - - - COUNTIES - - - - - - !"lUN I C I PALITI ES - - - - - - MARYLAND 295 454 4.2 6.6 2 158.3 3 2~5.5 

STATE. 295 ~54 4.2 6.6 (xl (xl LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - -91. 7 -90.9 COUNTIES - - - - -91.7 -90.9 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - MASSACHUSETTS. 117 163 -26.0 -23.1 136.5 206.7 STATE. 117 163 -13.3 -10.4 78.4 140.7 LOCAL, TOTAL - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl COUNT I ES - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl MUN IC IPALITI ES - - - - - - MICHIGAN 84 138 -10.6 -.7 1 912.5 5 375.0 STATE. 40 76 - 10.1 (xl (xl LOCAL, TOTAL 114 63 -18.5 -10.0 612.5 1 600.0 COUNTI ES 43 62 -18.9 -10.1 562.5 1 500.0 MUNICIPALITIES 1 1 - - (xl (xl 

MINNESOTA. 210 383 12.9 28.1 157.1 382.8 STATE. 26 40 18.2 25.0 100.0 120.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1M 342 12.2 28.1 164.9 437.5 COUNTIES 184 342 12.2 28.1 197 .0 486.~ 

MUN I C I PAL IT I ES - - - - -100.0 -100.0 

MISSISSIPPI. 17 18 6.3 20.0 (xl (x) STATE. - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 17 18 6.3 20.0 (xl (xl COUNTIES 14 16 7.7 14.3 (xl (xl MUNICIPALITIES 3 2 - - (xl (xl 

MISSOURI 122 151 2.5 18.9 151.3 180.0 STATE. 119 151 - 18.9 (xl (xl LOCAL, TOTAL 3 - (xl - -100.0 -100.0 COUNT I ES 3 - (xl - -100.0 -100.0 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - -100.0 -100.0 

MONTANA. 13 11 30.0 10.0 36.4 114.3 STATE. - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 13 11 30.0 10.0 114.3 36.4 COUNTIES 13 11 30.0 10.0 114.3 36.~ 

MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - NE8RASKA 62 87 10.7 14.5 109.5 257.9 STATE. - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 62 87 10.7 14.5 109.5 257.9 COUNTIES 62 87 10.7 14.5 109.5 257.9 MUNI<:IPALlTlES - - - - - - NEVADA 88 165 14.3 27.9 77.8 171.4 STATE. 9 16 -10.0 - (xl (x) LOCAL, TOTAL 79 149 17.9 31.9 61.1 142.9 COUNT I ES 79 149 17.9 31. 9 61.1 142.9 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3 3 (xl (xl -l nO.O -100.0 STATE. - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 3 3 (xl (xl -100.0 -100.0 COUNTIES 3 3 (xl (xl -100.0 -100.0 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - See footnotes at end of table. 

decrease (-) 

October 1975 to 

October 1979 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

138.9 181.0 

- - 138.9 181.0 

138.9 181. 0 

- - 6.7 ~O.O 

14.3 50.0 

-100.0 - - - -100.0 - 25.9 67.9 

73.8 113.6 

-100.0 -100.0 

-100.0 -100.0 

- - 17.7 82.6 

- - 17.7 82.6 

-33.3 28.6 

30.0 92.3 

- - - - - -

- - - - 8.9 23.4 

9.3 23.7 

-100.0 -100.0 

-100.0 -100.0 

- - -33.1 -11. 4 

-11.4 14.8 

-100.0 -100.0 

-100.0 -100.0 

- - -~7 .8 -~7.0 

-61. 5 -49.3 

-22.8 -7.4 

-18.9 -1.1 

-75.0 -75.0 

94.4 173.6 

160.0 263.6 

87.8 165.1 

87.8 165.1 

- - 88.9 260.0 

- - 88.9 260.0 

250.0 433.3 -40.0 - 24.5 54.1 

21.4 55.7 

(xl - (xl - - - -13.3 -26.7 

- - -13.3 -26.7 

-13.3 -26.7 

- - 40.9 27.9 

- - 40.9 27.9 

~0.9 27.9 

- -

37.5 73.7 50.0 60.0 

36.2 75.3 

36.2 75.3 

- - (xl (xl - - (xl (xl (xl (xl - -

October 1971 to 

October 1979 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

760.0 

-

-

-

- -23.8 

60.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-

(xl 

(xl 

-

-

- 2011.2 

- 204.2 

(xl 170.8 

-

-

-

-

- 2 358.3 

(xl -100.0 

-100.0 

-

58.1 

58.1 

-

-

- 950.0 

(xl 450.0 

437.5 

(xl 

400.0 

420.0 

397.3 

457.6 

-100.0 

(xl 

- (xl 

(xl 

(xl 

212.8 

(xl -92.3 

-70.0 

-100.0 

18.2 

- 18.2 

18.2 

- 195.2 

- 195.2 

195.2 

- 144.4 

(xl 119. ~ 

119.4 

-

50.0 

- 50.0 

50.0 

-

October 

payroll 

1 

1 

1 

4 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

866.7 

- 866.7 

866.7 

-

90.9 

250.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-

(xl 

(xl 

-

-

- 366.7 

- 366.7 

(xl 316.7 

-

-

-

-

- 027.3 

(xl -100.0 

-100.0 

- 171. 7 

176. 3 

-

-

- 350.0 

(xl 475. 

450. 

o 

o (xl 

220.7 

700. 

325. 

o 

o ~54. 6 

-100. o 

(xl 

(xl 

(xl 

(xl 

331.4 

(xl -100.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

57 .1 

- 57.1 

57.1 

- 357.9 

- 357.9 

357.9 

- 371. 4 

(xl 325.7 

325.7 

- 200.0 

- 200.0 

200.0 

-
114 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

NEW JERSEy STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

NEW MEXICO STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• HUN I C I PALI TI ES 

NEW YORK • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA • STATE •••• , • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

NORTH DAKOTA STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALI TI ES 

OHIO • • • STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OKLAHOMA STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUN I C I PALI T! ES 

OREGON • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

PENNSYLVANIA • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALI TI ES 

RHODE ISLAND • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH DAKOTA • • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIpALITIES 

TENNESSEE. • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

TEXAS. • SP.TE. 

LOCAL, 10 rAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

UTAH. • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

366 

366 

2 

2 

126 

126 

126 

19 

19 

19 

26 

26 

26 

36 

36 

36 

12 

8 

q 

3 

1 

222 

222 

222 

11 

11 

11 

!l 

11 

7 

7 

7 

3q 

27 

7 

33 

33 

33 

2 

2 

2 

October 

payroll 

355 

355 

1 

92 

92 

92 

13 

13 

10 

10 

10 

H 

13 

1 

17 

17 

17 

11 

7 

q 

3 

1 

135 

135 

135 

10 

10 

6 

6 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2q 

21 

q 

19 

19 

19 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

cmp loyment 

536 

517 

19 

10 

9 

59 

58 

1 

1 

170 

170 

170 

3 

3 

qq 

5 

39 

31 

8 

3q 

3q 

32 

2 

26 

17 

9 

9 

Jl 

31 

33 

33 

7 

7 

7 

79 

21 

58 

q1 

17 

9 

2 

1 

1 

October 

payroll 

1 

176 

176 

176 

60 

60 

3 

3 

37 

35 

2 

29 

17 

12 

12 

323 

35 

35 

29 

29 

29 

6 

6 

91 

25 

66 

q6 

19 

10 

10 

10 

Employment and pnyroltl 

October 1976 

Full-tima 

equivalent 

employment 

697 

686 

11 

5 

6 

60 

59 

1 

1 

195 

195 

195 

60 

59 

1 

1 

3 

3 

91 

7 

8q 

78 

6 

30 

30 

28 

2 

28 

12 

16 

15 

1 

q59 

22 

22 

22 

15 

15 

15 

100 

30 

70 

q7 

23 

11 

11 

11 

q 

q 

q 

October 

payroll 

938 

931 7 

3 

q 

120 

119 1 

1 

202 

202 

202 

71 

71 

82 

8 

7q 

70 

q 

39 

39 

37 

2 

29 

16 

13 

12 

1 

39q 

39 

39 

20 

20 

20 

11 

11 

11 

q 

3 

October 1977 

Full-time 

eqUivalent 

employment 

2 

236 5 231 

226 5 

69 

65 

q 

q 

198 

33 

165 

H7 

18 

33 

33 

31 

2 

33 

17 

16 

16 

22 

22 

22 

18 

18 

18 

109 

38 

71 

q5 

26 

25 

25 

2q 

1 

q 

Octl,ll;lf'r 

pllyroll 

1 085 

1 07q 

12 

3 

8 

82 

81 

1 

1 

813 5 808 

806 

2 

87 

8q 

3 

3 

2,17 

qO 

177 

152 

25 

q3 

q3 

qO 

3 

36 

21 

15 

15 

19 

19 

19 

12 

12 

12 

123 

36 

87 

56 

:;~ 

20 

20 

20 

5 

5 

5 

October 1978 

Full-tim/;! 

equiva lent. 

employment 

526 

513 

13 

2 

11 

76 

71 

5 

5 

216 5 

211 

211 

253 

'16 

207 

185 

22 

30 

30 

28 

2 

191 

16 

175 

175 

521 

521 

521 

39 

39 

33 

33 

13 

13 

3 

3 

October 

payra t 1 

869 

85q 

15 

2 

13 

92 

88 

q 

q 

26q 

IJ 

250 

250 

91 

87 

q 

q 

299 

61 

238 

20J 

35 

qq 

61 

61 

J5 

35 

35 

H7 

q8 

99 

61 

38 

18 

18 

18 

q 

q 
PUBLIC DEFENSE 115 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll ..... Percent incrP"8,"}Q or decrease ( .. ) Continued - October 1979 October 1976 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

State and type of 

government 

Full-time Full-time Full-time Full-time October Full .. time October October October October equiva1en:' payroll equiva lent payroll cqLliva lent payroll cquiva lent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

NE:W JE:RSE:Y. 682 1 118 29.1 28.1 q6.q 81.1 21.2 13.9 86.3 21q.9 

STATE: 610 1 106 30.6 29.5 q1.3 11.2 29.6 15.8 83.1 211.6 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 12 13 -1.1 -13.3 (X) (X) -36.8 -1.1 (X) (X) COUNTl E:S. 2 3 - 50.0 (X) (X) -80.0 -66.1 (X) (X) MUNICIPALlTIE:S. 10 10 -9.1 -23.1 (X) (X) 11.1 66.1 (X) (X) 

NE:W MEXICO. 81 103 6.6 12.0 2 850.0 6 100.0 31.3 66.1 3 950.0 10 200.0 STATE: 16 91 1.0 10.2 (X) (X) 31.0 59.0 (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 5 5 - 25.0 -50.0 - qOO.O qOO.O 150.0 qOO.O COUNTl E:S. - - - - - - - - - - MUN IC IPALIT I E:S. 5 5 - 25.0 -50.0 - qOO.O qOO.O 150.0 qOO.O 

NE:W YORK. 261 3q1 23.6 31.q 3q.9 91.3 51.1 91.2 111. 9 211.2 STATE: • 31 65 520.0 qOO.O - - (X) (X) (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 236 282 11. 9 12.8 3q.9 91.3 38.8 60.2 81.3 206.5 COUNTIE:S. 23q 281 10.9 12.q 3q.9 91. 3 31.1 59.1 85.1 205.q 

MUNIC1PALlTl E:S. 2 1 (X) (X) - - (X) (X) (X) (X) 

NORTH CAROL INA. 1q 108 15.6 18.1 315.q 361.5 31.0 80.0 Q69.2 730.8 STATE: • 72 106 20.0 21.8 315. q 361.5 33.3 76.7 q53.9 715.q 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 3 -50.0 -25.0 - - (X) (X) (X) (X) COUNTlE:S. 2 3 -50.0 -25.0 - - (X) (X) (X) (X) MUNICIPALITIE:S. - - - - - - - - - - NORTH DAKOTA. - - - - -8q.2 -10.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 STATE: • - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - -8'1.2 -10.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 COUNTl E:S. - - - - -M.2 -70.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 MUNICJPALITIE:S. - - - - - - - - - - OHIO. 2Bq 3q1 1.2.3 1Q.1 69.2 150.0 5q5.5 81q.3 992.3 2 335.1 STATE: 70 8R 52.2 qq.3 (X) (X) 1 300.0 2 100.0 (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 21q ?53 3.q 6.3 50.0 121.q qqB.7 116.1 723.1 1 701.1 COUNT IE:S. 211 2q8 1q .1 22.2 19.2 M.6 580.1 933.3 111.5 1 801.7 MUNICIPALITIE:S. 3 5 -86.'1 -85.7 (X) 600.0 -62.5 -28.6 (X) qOO.O 

OKLAHOMA. 31 55 23.3 25.0 -5.6 117.6 8.8 q8.1 2.8 223.5 STATE: • - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 37 55 23.3 25.0 -5.6 111.6 8.8 q8.7 2.8 223.5 COUNTJ E:S. 3q 51 21.q 2q.U -11.1 105.9 6.3 q5.7 -5.6 200.0 MUN I C I PAL IT I E:S. 3 q 50.0 33.3 (X) (X) 50.0 100.0 (X) (X) 

OREGON. q6 66 -75.9 1.5 116.7 163.6 76.9 127.6 283.3 500.0 STATE: • 20 29 25.0 26.1 112.5 1q2.9 17.7 10.6 150.0 31q.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 26 31 -85.1 -11.9 125.0 200.0 188.9 208.3 550.0 825.0 COUNTIE:S. 26 37 -85.1 -11.9 200.0 300.0 188.9 208.3 766.7 1 133.3 MUNICIPALITJE:S. - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100,0 -100.0 

PE:NNSYLVANIA. 535 532 2.1 6.6 8Q.1 139.3 30.5 6Q.1 1Q1.0 29Q.1 STATE: - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 535 532 2.7 6.8 8Q.1 139.3 30.5 6Q.7 1Q1.0 29Q.1 COUNTIE:S. 535 532 2.7 6.8 8U.7 139.3 30.5 6Q.7 1Q1.0 29Q.1 MUN I C I PALIT I E:S. - - - - - - - - - - RHODE: ISLAND. 39 59 - -3.3 181.8 250.0 25.8 68.6 25Q.6 Q90.0 STATE: 39 59 - -3.3 181.8 250.0 25.8 68.6 25Q.6 Q90.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIE:S. - - - - - - - - - - SOUTH CAROLINA. Q9 41 Q8.5 3Q.3 200.0 383.3 U8.5 62.1 3Q5.5 683.3 STATE: ... 12 6 (X) (X) - - (X) (X) (X) (X) LOCAL, TOrAL. 37 U1 12.1 17.1 200.0 383.3 12.1 Q1.Q 236.Q 583.3 COUNTI E:S. 31 U1 12.1 17.1 200.0 383.3 12.1 Q1. Q 236. Q 583.3 MUNICIPALITIE:S. - - - - - - - - - - SOUTH DAKOTA. 6 1 -25.0 -22.2 - 100.0 -lQ.3 16.7 -IQ.3 133.3 STATE: - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 6 7 -25.0 -22.2 - 100.0 -lQ.3 16.7 -lQ .3 133.3 COUNTI E:S. 6 1 -25.0 -22.2 - 100.0 -lQ.3 16.7 -lQ.3 133.3 MUN IC IPAL IT IE:S. - - - - - - - - - - TE:NNE:SSE:E: • 119 158 -5.6 1.5 132.Q 279.2 50.6 73.6 250.0 558.3 STATE QO 41 -13.0 -2.1 (X) (X) 90.5 88.0 (X) (X) LOCAL, TOTAL. 79 111 -1.3 12.1 70.6 115.0 36.2 68.2 132.4 362.5 COUNTIE:S. Q6 68 -2.1 11.5 51.9 119.0 12.2 Q1.8 10.4 223.8 MUNICIPALITIE:S. 33 QQ - 15.8 1Q2.9 315.0 9Q.l 131. 6 311. Q 1 000.0 

TE:XAS 12 16 -7.7 -11.1 -72.1 -Q1.Q 33.3 60.0 -63.6 -15.8 STATE • 2 2 (X) (xl - - (X) (X) (X) (X) LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 13 -23.1 -27.8 -12.7 -'17.Q 11.1 30.0 -69.1 -31.6 COUNTI E:S. 10 13 -23.1 -27.8 -72.7 -Q7.Q 11.1 30.0 -69.1 -31.6 MUNICIPALITIE:S. - - - - - - - - - -

UTAH. 7 8 133.3 100.0 - - 250.0 100.0 250.0 700.0 STATE: - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 7 8 133.3 100.0 - - 250.0 700.0 250.0 100.0 COUNTIES. 6 1 100.0 75.0 -50.0 - 500.0 600.0 200.0 600.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 1 - (X) - (X) - - - (X) - See footnot.es at end of table. 
116 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

" 

Employment and payrolP 

October 1971 October 1975 October 1976 October 1977 October 1978 

State and type of 

government Full-time Full-time Full-time Full .. time Full-time October October equivalent October equivalent October equivalent October equlvalcjlt payroll equivalent payroll payroll pnyroll payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

VERMONT. - - 36 38 q6 q6 qq 50 56 STATE. - - 36 38 q6 q6 qq 50 56 LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - - - - - - COUNTIES - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALiTiES - - - - - ~ - - - VIRGINIA 

· - - 17 11 20 21 20 25 22 STATE. - - 11 11 19 21 17 22 19 LOCAL, TOTAL - - 6 - 1 - 3 2 3 COUNTII:.S 

MUNICIPALiriES - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 6 - 1 - 2 1 3 

WASHINGTON 23 16 51 53 58 68 61 75 71 

LOCAL, 

STATE. 

TOTAL 23 

- 16 - - - - - - - - 51 53 58 68 61 75 71 COUNTIES 23 16 51 53 58 68 61 75 70 MUNICIPALitiES - - - - - - - 1 1 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

· STATE. ... - - - - 2 1 1 1 - · - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, 

COUNTIES 

TOTAL - - - - 2 1 1 1 - MUN I C I PALi TiES - - - - 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - WISCONSIN. 8 9 20 26 28 35 68 85 95 STATE. 2 3 13 17 22 30 3q q6 75 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 6 7 9 6 6 3q 39 20 COUNTIES 6 6 7 9 6 6 31 36 16 MUNICIPAliTiES - - - - - - 3 2 q 

WYOMING. 2 1 H 10 17 15 q q q STATE. - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL 2 1 H 10 17 15 q q q COUNTIES 2 1 H 10 17 15 q q q MUNICIPALiriES - - - - - - - - - See footnotes at end of table. 

62 

62 

-

--

28 

27 

2 

-

2 

93 

-

93 

92 

1 

-

--

-

-

132 

109 

23 

17 

6 

6 

-

6 

6 

-
PUBLIG DEFENSE 117 

Table 25. Percent change in public defense full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1~71-0ctober 1979-Continued .---

Employment llnd payroll-- Percent increase or decrease ( ... ) Continued 

October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 t.o October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October J 179 

State and type of 

government 

Full-time October Full-time October Full- time October Full-t lme October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivn lent payroLL equtvaLcllt payroll employment: employment employment employment employment 

VERMONT q5 55 -19.6 -11.3 (X) (X) 25.0 qq.7 (X) (X) 

STATE .. q5 55 -19.6 -11.3 (X) (X) 25.0 qq.7 (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - - COUNTI ES. - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - - VIRGIN IA. 27 3q 22.7 21.Q (X) (X) 58.8 209.1 (X) (X) 

STATE 27 3Q Q2.1 25.9 (X) (X) lq5.5 209.1 (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - - -100.0 -100.0 (X) - -100.0 - - - COUNTlES. - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 (X) - ··100.0 - - - WASH INGTON_, 65 101 -8.5 8.6 121.7 231.3 27.5 90.6 182.6 531.3 

STATE - - - - - - - - - - LOCAL, TOTAL. 65 101 -8.5 8.6 121. 7 231.3 27.5 90.6 182.6 531.3 

COUNT I ES. 65 101 -7.1 9.8 121. 7 231. 3 27.5 90.6 182.6 531.3 

MUNICIPALITIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 - - - - - - WEST VIRGINIA 2 3 (X) (X) - - (X) (X) (X) (X) 

STATE 2 3 (X) (X) - - (X) (X) (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - - COUNTIES. - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALIT I ES. - - - - - - - - - - WISCONSIN 236 370 lQ8.q 180.3 150.0 188.9 1 080.0 1 323.1 2 850.0 Q 011.1 

STATE 235 370 213.3 239.q 550.0 Q66.7 1 707.7 2 076.5 11 650.0 12 233.3 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 1 -95.0 -95.7 16.7 50.0 -85.7 2 076.5 -83.3 -83.3 

COUNTIES. 1 1 -93.8 -9Q.l 16.7 50.0 -85.7 -88.9 -83.3 -83.3 

MUNICIPALITIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 - - - - - - WYOMING 36 QO 800.0 566.7 600.0 900.0 157.2 300.0 1 700.0 3 900.0 STATE 36 QO (X) (X) - - (X) (X) (X) (X) 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - - -100.0 -100.0 600.0 900.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 COUNTIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 600.0 900.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - - - - Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

X Not ap~cable. 

IOata for municipalities, and the local governments totals which include municipaL data, are estimates subject to sampling variationj datn for counties (boroughs. parishes) are 

based on a canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitations. Payroll amounts are in thousands of dollars. 
Section VII. CORRECTIONS 
CORRECTIONS 

Table 26. Percent change in corrections total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and 

type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total expcndLture~ Percent increase or decrease (-) 

government 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 tu 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL 2 180 272 3 626 535 4 129 160 4 635 349 5 185 537 5 685 859 9.6 66.3 56.8 

STATES • 1 387 331 2 291 749 2 589 609 2 976 027 3 341 200 3 824 344 14.5 65.2 66.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL 895 420 1 471 470 1 678 879 1 814 539 2 030 722 2 196 8511 8.2 64.3 49.3 COUNTIES 596 039 1 091 552 1 271 086 1 403 279 1 576 lB5 1 699 254 7.8 83.1 55.7 

MUNICIPALITIES 308 554 400 153 432 838 438 388 490 758 533 030 8.6 29.7 33.2 

ALABAMA. 14 467 29 246 38 080 36 642 52 470 56 751 8.2 102.2 94.0 

STATE. 10 498 21 B89 28 960 26 035 33 295 40 677 22.2 108.5 85.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 5 075 8 953 10 839 12 452 19 196 20 194 5.2 76.4 125.6 

coUNTIES. 3 802 6 966 8 763 10 251 16 296 16 109 -1. I 83.2 131. 3 

MUNICIPALITIES 1 372 2 372 2 383 2 548 3 355 4 926 46.8 72.9 107.7 

ALASKA • 8 782 20 738 15 441 17 315 19 071 22 576 18.4 136.1 8.9 

STATE. 8 170 20 717 15 101 17 096 19 170 22 588 17.8 153.6 9.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 627 505 883 1 022 704 1 039 47.6 -19.5 105.7 80ROUGHS • - 8 - - - - - IXI _100.0 

MUNICIPALITIES 627 497 883 1 022 704 1 039 47.6 -20.7 109.1 

ARIZONA. 16 094 43 786 46 203 55 551 65 885 74 184 12.6 172.1 69.4 

STATE. 10 661 20 3/11 22 111 31 135 36 173 45 910 26.9 90.8 125.7 LOCAL, TOTAL • 5 433 23 445 24 320 24 898 29 874 28 865 -3.4 331.5 23.1 COUNTIES. 4 7}3 23 169 23 585 23 822 29 112 28 240 -3.0 389.5 21.9 MUNICIPALITIES 833 492 993 1 361 1 347 1 385 2.8 _40.9 181. 5 

ARKANSAS • 6 885 20 951 23 687 23 653 26 577 28 856 8.6 204.3 37.7 STATE. 5 404 13 755 17 469 18 268 21 493 23 153 7.7 154.5 68.3 LOCAL. TOTAL • 1 680 7 200 6 236 5 469 5 969 7 113 19.2 328.6 -1.2 COUNTIES. 1 185 6 166 5 120 4 608 5 005 5 949 18.9 420.3 -3.5 ~lUNI C I PALlTIES 507 1 068 1 204 983 1 129 1 385 22.7 110.7 29.7 

CALIFORNIA. 390 149 630 900 698 822 751 8011 785 767 824 108 4.9 61.7 30.6 STATE. 180 153 299 087 320 417 359 218 359 823 413 932 15.0 66.0 38.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 230 573 366 194 407 503 419 410 448 589 473 219 5.5 58.8 29.2 COUNTIES 218 586 352 138 389 959 402 825 428 629 4511 190 6.0 61. 1 29.0 MUNICIPALITIES 12 426 14 682 lB 977 18 365 22 043 20 482 -7.1 18.2 39.5 

COLORADO • 20 523 41 209 41 875 51 46B 63 805 68 166 6.8 100.8 65.4 STATE. 16 638 31 167 32 009 37 960 50 512 54 795 8.5 87.3 75.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 893 10 043 9 866 13 508 13 317 15 899 19.4 158.0 58.3 COUNTIES • 1 214 3 719 4 890 6 092 8 222 9 156 11. 4 206.3 146.2 MUNICIPALITIES 2 716 6 356 5 001 7 436 5 321 6 975 31.1 134.0 9.7 

CONNECTI CUT. 23 182 52 529 48 097 51 419 53 751 61 378 14.2 126.6 16.8 STATE. 23 157 52 323 47 707 51 346 53 660 60 987 13.7 125.9 16.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 25 206 390 1911 103 391 279.6 724.0 89.8 MUNICIPALITIES 25 2.07 390 194 103 391 279.6 728.0 88.9 

DELAWARE 7 606 11 361 In 104 18 345 16 1.146 20 384 23.9 49.4 79.4 STATE. 7 603 11 361 14 104 18 345 16 1146 20 384 23.9 49.4 79.4 LOCAL, TOTAL • , - - - - - - -100.0 - COUNTIES. " - - - - - - -100.0 - MUNICIPALITIES 1 - - - - - - -100.0 - DISTRICT OF 

COLUMBIA' 

LOCAL, TOTAL 36 551 73 114 73 105 63 062 69 835 77 603 11.1 100.0 6.1 

FLORIDA. 61 720 184 802 229 479 234 034 227 841 275 332 20.8 199.4 49.0 STATE. 36 171 145 802 179 235 181 175 166 369 212 4a4 27.7 303.1 115.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 25 549 39 077 50 269 52 859 61 472 63 524 3.3 52.9 62.6 COUNTIES. 19 910 30 461 39· 094 42 237 50 761 53 614 5.6 53.0 76.0 MUNICIPALITIES 5 661 8 692 11 344 10 972 10 954 10 546 -3.7 53.5 21. 3 

GEORGIA. 41 637 86 306 95 682 133 761 126 165 126 355 .2 107.3 46.4 STATE. 28 348 56 185 64 537 94 733 94 637 90 954 -3.9 98.2 61.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 13 949 30 569 34 292 42 141. 34 880 39 752 14.0 119.1 30.0 

COUNTIES. 12 314 25 948 30 126 37 259 I 29 030 34 005 17.1 110.7 31. 1 

MUNICIPALITIES 1 664 4 873 4 465 5 575 I 6 335 6 303 -.5 192.8 29.3 

HAWAII .. 5 695 7 862 11 808 16 446 23 320 2} 951 2.7 38.1 204.6 

STATE. 4 835 6 916 11 167 15 744 22 147 23 324 5.3 43.0 237.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 860 946 676 702 1 173 747 -36.3 10.0 -21.0 COUNTIES • 168 227 641 702 1 173 7117 -36.3 35.1 229.1 

MUNICIPALITIES 692 719 35 - - - - 3.9 -100.0 

IDAHO. 5 716 10 770 10 783 11 081 11 791 12 980 10.1 88.4 20.5 

STATE. 5 216 7 851 9 279 9 399 9 645 10 5')1 9.8 50.5 34.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 507 2 931 1 518 1 697 2 170 2 110/1 10.8 478.1 -18.0 

COUNTIES. 461 2 877 1 470 1 637 ? 145 2 404 12.1 524.1 -16.4 

MUNICIPALITIES 58 69 108 126 136 130 I -4.4 19.0 88.4 

ILLINOIS 84 602 127 490 168 927 i93 436 220 072 259 771 18.0 50.7 103.8 

STATE. 62 311 85 735 107 550 120 537 126 068 165 026 28.9 37.6 92.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 22 291 43 874 62 167 73 027 92 378 100 352 8.6 96.8 128.7 

COUNTIES • 20 824 48 416 67 367 77 481 91 432 97 028 6.1 132.5 100.4 

MUNICIPALITIES 1 775 915 609 315 1 164 3 789 225.5 -48.5 314.1 

INDIANA. 27 188 50 029 66 279 70 321 76 643 85 709 11.8 en.o 71. 3 

STATE. 20 518 33910 42 084 48 816 53 279 60 956 14.4 65.3 79.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 8 167 17 715 25 855 23 469 24 162 26 183 8.4 116.9 47.8 

COUNTIES • 5 6~9 13 318 20 491 15 933 15 979 19 274 20.6 135.3 44.7 MUNICIPALITIES 2 520 4 487 5 531 7 647 8 277 7 282 12.0 78.1 62.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 

119 

1971 to 1979 

160.8 

175.7 

145.3 

185.1 

72.8 

292.3 

287.5 

297.9 

323.7 

259.0 

157.1 

176.5 

65.7 

- 65.7 

360.9 

330.6 

431.3 

496.7 

66.3 

319.1 

328.4 

323.4 

402.0 

173.2 

111.2 

129.8 

105.2 

107.8 

64.8 

232.1 

229.3 

308.4 

654.2 

156.8 

164.8 

163.4 

1 464.0 

1 1164.0 

168.0 

168.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

-100.0 

112.3 

346.1 

4B7.4 

148.6 

169.3 

86.3 

203.5 

220.8 

185.0 

176. I 

278.a 

320.6 

382.4 

-13.1 

344.6 

-100.0 

127.1 

103.0 

374.2 

421. 5 

124.1 

207.1 

164.8 

350.2 

365.9 

113.5 

215.2 

197.1 

220.6 

240.6 

189.0 
120 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 26. Percent change in corrections total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and 

type of government: fiscal years 1971-197.9-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total expenditure 2 Percent increase or decrease (-) State and type of 

government I 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

IOWA. 19 098 29 086 36 597 42 072 42 428 56 299 32.7 52.3 93.6 

STATE • 14 568 21 659 26 727 30 071 34 255 41 593 21.4 48.7 92.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 5 479 8 054 10 237 13 099 14 750 15 105 2.'1 'f1.0 87.5 

COUNTIES. 5 476 8 108 9 853 12 B68 14 803 15 149 2.3 48.1 86.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 91 216 694 655 675 152 11.4 137.4 248.1 

KANSAS. 20 186 36 900 40 961 41 541 43 912 42 946 -2.2 77.5 16.4 

STATE • 18 426 28 845 33 938 38 854 34 534 33 924 -1.8 56.5 17.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 360 8 069 1 030 8 703 9 378 9 056 -3.4 241.9 12.2 COUNTIES. 1 970 7 325 6 119 7 710 8 916 8 565 -3.9 271.8 16.9 MUNICIPALITIES. 399 801 1 008 1 202 772 827 1.1 100.8 3.2 

KENTUCKY. 15 112 32 359 35 176 44 414 55 571 67 085 20.7 llLI.l 101.3 STATE. 12 439 22 790 25 157 33 913 48 988 59 133 20.7 83.2 159.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 673 9 569 11 738 14 921 13 613 17 269 -7.2 258.0 80.5 COUNTIES. 2 391 7 649 9 446 12 482 16 017 14 362 -10.3 219.1 87.8 MUN IC I PALIT I ES. 533 2 '113 2 538 2 981 2 892 2 919 .9 352.7 21.0 

LOUISIANA. 24 961 48 177 63 112 92 878 86 863 111 231 28.1 93.0 130.9 STATE. 16 454 27 840 40 597 56 637 58 243 79 310 36.2 69.2 184.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 8 507 20 337 22 533 37 150 29 682 31 924 7.6 139.1 57.0 PARISHES. 4 007 8 759 11 261 20 598 16 567 15 777 -4.8 118.6 80.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 4 522 11 694 11 433 16 808 13 303 16 331 22.8 158.6 39.7 

MAINE. 7 219 10 449 11 373 11 792 13 Ll14 16 268 21.3 Ll4:7 55.7 STATE • 6 387 8 916 9 234 9 553 10 694 12 895 20.6 40.5 43.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 832 1 473 2 139 2 245 2 128 3 411 25.0 77.0 131. 6 COUNTI ES. 832 1 482 2 156 2 375 2 917 3 681 26.2 78.1 148.4 MUNICIPALITI ES. - 83 72 109 lL14 237 64.6 (X) 185.5 

MARYLAND. 63 078 99 870 119 608 132 107 152 225 155 088 1.9 58.3 55.3 STATE • 55 421 84 272 91 887 111 414 127 049 125 619 -1.1 5~.1 49.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 9 667 15 598 21 723 25 146 26 759 30 464 13.8 61.LI 95.3 COUNTIES. 3 485 7 815 13 165 15 033 15 774 18 131 14.9 126.0 130.2 MUNICIPALITIES. 6 182 7 724 8 558 10 115 11 052 12 333 11. 6 24.9 59.7 

MASSACHUS ETTS 60 692 97 347 101 930 112 467 130 646 135 363 3.6 60.4 39.1 STATE • 40 978 63 364 63 765 70 930 83 426 85 070 2.0 54.6 34.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 19 714 33 985 38 165 41 537 47 229 50 293 6.5 72.4 48.0 COUNTIES. 14 244 24 948 27 564 30 916 35 788 38 071 6.4 75.1 52.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 5 574 9 057 10 645 10 644 11 624 12 4L12 7.0 62.5 37.LI 

MICHIGAN. 79 111 134 851 159 434 197 586 249 900, 272 748 9.1 70.3 102.3 STATE. 46 250 71 552 87 345 112 618 161 939 189 861 17.2 54.7 165.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 38 083 68 608 75 874 91 321 110 771 116 343 5.0 80.2 69.6 COUNT! ES. 35 504 60 829 72 134 84 999 108 309 110 480 2.0 71.3 81.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 4 398 9 330 9 298 10 607 14 076 14 100 .2 112.1 51.1 

MINNESOTA. 35 535 47 852 56 364 72 572 84 081 88 508 5.3 34.7 85.0 STATE • 22 411 28 235 34 437 44 695 37 378 50 203 34.3 26.0 77.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 13 663 20 312 25 805 34 003 47 246 47 516 .6 48.7 133.9 COUNTIES. 11 955 19 465 25 427 34 601 47 428 48 785 2.9 62.8 150.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 2 726 I 835 1 584 909 945 810 -14.3 -32.7 -55.9 

MISSISSIPPI 7 499 17 237 23 166 26 011 26 198 36 434 39.1 129.9 111.4 STATE. 6 095 14 239 16 723 17 l.J53 18 514 30 238 63.3 133.6 112.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 404 3 170 6 652 8 903 8 556 8 611 .6 125.8 171. 6 COUNT I ES. 1 096 2 461 6 061 8 078 7 665 7 424 -3.1 124.5 201.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 329 808 787 958 1 186 1 371 15.6 145.6 69.7 

MISSOURI. 26 015 55 Ll75 58 181 68 653 73 544 84 481 14.9 113.2 52.3 STATE • 14 743 34 015 34 065 41 319 41 130 50 996 22.2 130.7 49.9 LOCAL. TOTAL. 11 448 21 54;3 24 328 28 169 31 904 33 683 5.6 88.2 56.4 COUNTI ES. 5 524 11 425 15 032 17 109 21 024 21 477 2.2 106.8 88.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 5 931 10 184 9 368 10 519 10 970 12 440 13.4 71.1 22.2 

MONTANA 4 729 10 921 14 313 14 911 13 656 16 218 18.8 131.1 '18.4 STATE • 3 937 8 712 12 225 12 099 10 515 12 221 15.6 121.3 40.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 792 2 215 2 223 2 814 3 110 3 991 28.5 119.1 80.5 COUNTIES. 714 2 015 2 041 2 777 3 038 3 932 29.4 182.2 95.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 85 246 251 129 313 204 -34.8 189.4 -17.1 

NEBRASKA. 1 330 11 546 21 474 26 329 30 840 37 296 20.9 139.4 112.6 STATE. 5 662 12 350 15 565 18 106 24 455 28 791 17.8 118.1 133.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 668 5 208 5 921 8 232 6 500 8 525 31.2 212.2 63.1 COUNTIES. 1 454 4 867 5 709 1 915 6 016 1 923 31.1 234.7 62.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 375 492 509 596 595 669 12.4 31.2 36.0 

NEVADA. 9 495 22 118 22 692 35 055 36 111 33 995 -5.9 132.9 53.1 STATE • 5 166 III 862 13 290 24 804 26 015 20 740 -20.3 157.8 39.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 3 828 1 167 10 292 11 152 11 ,\18 14 243 27.4 102.9 83.4 COUNTIES. 3 124 1 059 9 582 10 323 10 123 13 188 30.3 126.0 86.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 111 116 725 865 1 013 1 061 -.6 .1 49.0 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 4 016' 7 479 9 084 10 304 11 834 14 614 23.5 86.2 95.4 STATE • 2 991 5 417 6 369 1 633 8 615 9 543 10.8 81.1 76.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 025 2 070 2 715 2 611 3 219 5 071 57.5 102.0 11.H>.O COUNT I ES. 917 1 855 2 483 2 358 2 797 4 614 65.0 102.3 148.1 MUNICIPALITIES. 110 236 238 337 435 514 18.2 114.5 117.8 

See footnotes at cnd of table. 

1971 to 1979 

194.8 

185.5 

175.7 

116.6 

726.4 

106.6 

84.1 

283.7 

334.8 

107.3 

343.9 

375.4 

546.1 

499.2 

441.7 

345.6 

382.0 

275.3 

293.7 

261.1 

125.3 

101. 9 

310.0 

342.4 (X) 

145.9 

126.7 

215.1 

Ll20.3 

99.5 

123.0 

107.6 

155.1 

167.3 

123.2 

244.5 

310.5 

205.5 

211.2 

220.6 

149.1 

124.0 

247.8 

308.1 

-70.3 

385.9 

396.1 

513.3 

577.4 

316.7 

224.7 

245.9 

194. 2 

288.8 

109.1 

242.9 

210.4 

404.1 

450.7 

140.0 

408.8 

408.6 

411.1 

444.9 

78.4 

258.0 

259.1 

272.1 

322.2 

50.1 

263.9 

219.1 

394.1 

403.2 

367.3 
r 

CORRECTIONS 

Table 26. Percent change in corrections total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and 

type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State llnd type of Total expcnditure 2 Percent increase or decrease (-) 

gbvernment 1 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 t.o 1975 1975 to 1979 

NEW JERSEY n 178 127 865 133 639 158 387 167 lLl!) 178 573 6.8 77.2 39.7 STATE:. q2 112 66 813 63 325 79 568 81 009 87 895 8.5 58.7 31.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 30 131 61 083 70 338 78 838 86 lqq 90 678 5.3 102.7 48.5 COUNTIES 29 991 60 848 70 099 78 71q 85 836 90 643 5.6 102.9 119.0 ~lUNICIPALITIES 141 243 277 164 337 35 -89.6 72.3 -85.6 

NEW ~lEXICO • 7 6~5 11 569 14 395 16 839 2q 307 34 542 42.1 50.9 198.6 STATE. 6 2~\6 8 415 10 5qO 13 204 16 367 27 702 69.3 33.7 229.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 369 3 535 3 855 4 399 7 940 8 885 11.9 158.2 151.3 COUNTIES 7111 1 971 2 360 2 178 6 324 7 175 13.5 174.5 264.0 MUNICIPALITIES 685 1 661 2 081 2 323 2 600 2 B54 9.8 1112.5 71.8 

NEW YORK • 407 667 447 937 1194 123 527 752 592 621 6112 105 8.4 9.9 43.3 STATE. 236 233 263 120 289 552 328 373 352 133 423 566 20.3 11.4 61.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 208 104 233 581 259 136 246 202 279 517 304 554 9.0 12.2 30.4 COUNTIES 53 039 89 033 100 475 104 371 117 325 127 176 8.4 67.9 42.8 MUNICIPALITIES 155 066 145 158 159 005 1112 439 162 273 177 754 9.5 -6.4 22.5 

NORTH CAROLINA • 51 185 89 583 100 414 113 210 129 699 176 232 35.9 75.0 96.7 STATE. 45 375 76 309 89 073 101 216 112 161 161 486 44.0 68.2 111.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 5 821 13 285 11 347 12 326 19 307 17 452 -9.6 128.2 31.4 COUNTIES 5 803 13 316 11 538 12 425 19 574 17 710 -9.5 .129.5 33.0 MUNIC IPAL ITI ES 63 105 170 314 232 196 -15.5 66.7 86.7 

NORTH DAKOTA • 2 176 5 120 5 993 6 880 7 028 6 831 -2.8 135.3 33.4 STATE. 1 827 3 958 'I 218 4 570 5 166 4 895 -5.2 116.6 23.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 350 1 162 1 775 2 310 1 862 1 937 4.0 232.0 66.7 COUNT I ES 306 1 123 1 780 2 288 1 787 1 833 2.6 267.0 63.2 MUNICIPALITIES 51 66 27 54 133 172 29.3 29.4 160.6 

OHIO • 97 868 160 997 199 689 185 433 229 155 209 951 -8.4 64.5 30.4 STATE. 73 258 1.12 280 129 827 124 157 160 607 141 209 -12.1 53.3 25.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 25 172 50 580 71 405 66 641 79 272 84 230 6.3 100.9 66.5 COUNTIES 19 787 41 999 60 624 54 935 64 554 72 585 12.4 112.3 72.8 11UNICIPALlTlES 7 380 11 952 12 '137 15 031 20 919 18 042 -13.8 62.0 51.0 

OKLAHOMA • 14 570 27 494 31 294 51 618 65 410 67 359 3.0 88.7 145.0 STATE. 10 861 22 456 25 811 45 456 58 296 59 227 .1.6 106.8 163.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 709 5 042 5 485 6 244 7 285 8 143 11.8 35.9 61. 5 COUNTIES 2 775 3 842 4 253 n, 789 5 244 5 568 6.2 38.5 44.9 MUNICIPALITIES 936 1 207 1 244 1 505 2 115 2 602 23.0 29.0 115.6 

OREGON • 22 813 " 42 275 50 491 58 355 66 013 83 085 25.9 83.3 96.5 STATE. 15 337 27 020 33 746 39 031 43 289 53 037 22.5 76.2 96.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 7 476 15 264 16 746 18 848 23 291 35 153 50.9 1011.2 130.3 COUNTIES ... 6 695 15 137 16 335 18 375 22 936 35 357 54.2 126.1 133.6 MUNIC IPAL ITI ES 1 036 323 592 752 538 245 -54.5 -68.8 -24.1 

PENNSYLVANIA • 85 533 165 9q7 191 712 218 992 249 325 255 007 2.3 94.0 53.7 STATE. 47 515 99 337 110 421 116 522 152 247 130 578 -lQ.2 109.1 31.Q 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 62 898 87 456 96 110 113 024 126 081 146 252 16.0 39.0 67.2 COUNTIES 34 345 52 545 54 827 66 111 76 451 87 840 14.9 53.0 67.2 MUNICIPALITIES 28 656 35 223 41 694 47 234 50 179 59 180 17.9 22.9 68.0 

RHOD E ISLAND 6 836 11 549 14 117 14 '126 211 541 25 528 4.0 68.9 121.0 STATE:. 6 8:16 11 549 14 115 14 417 24 540 25 528 4.0 68.9 121.0 LOCAL, TOTAL • - - 2 9 1 - -100.0 - - MUNICIPALITIES - - 2 9 1 - -100.0 - - SOUTH CAROLINA 17 661 46 952 52 108 '18 045 50 767 62 059 22.2 165.9 32.2 STATE. 11 084 38 869 42 717 38 042 41 802 52 632 25.9 250.7 35.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 577 8 083 9 405 10 412 9 039 9 1128 4.3 22.9 16.6 COUNTIES 6 267 7 444 8 783 9 403 8 653 8 868 2.5 18.8 19.1 MUN IC IPAL ITI ES 311 674 691 1 259 808 988 22.3 116.7 46.6 

SOUTH DAKOTA • 3 386 6 296 6 735 6 381 8 315 9 734 17.1 85.9 54.6 STATE. 2 760 4 449 5 694 5 177 6 261 8 490 35.6 61.2 90.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 626 1 849 1 060 1 205 2 054 1 244 -39.4 195.4 -32.7 COUNT I ES 600 1 844 1 043 1 199 1 825 1 273 -30.2 207.3 -31.0 MUNICIPALITiES 36 59 ' 123 87 295 127 -56.9 63.9 115.3 

TENNESSEE. 25 239 60 169 63 967 72 883 82 154 98 439 19.8 138.4 63.6 STATE. 20 206 39 968 49 002 57 813 65 869 79 821 21.2 97.8 99.7 LOCAL, TOTAL • 5 961 23 796 20 063 21 016 23 423 26 596 13.5 299.2 11.8 COUNT I ES 4 684 19 812 14 703 111 065 15 790 17 967 13.8 323.0 -9.3 HUN IC IPALITI ES 2 422 4 645 6 002 7 529 8 318 8 876 6.7 91.8 91.1 

TEXAS. 63 329 107 776 128 967 153 175 191 925 203 993 6.3 70.2 89.3 STATE:. 40 384 59 802 7LI 601 85 822 118 249 137 ?:7 16.1 48.1 129.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 22 947 47 987 54 386 67 358 76 959 81 875 14.2 109.1 8301 COUNTIES 20 131 42 081 50 204 63 654 70 774 79 865 12.8 109.0 89.8 MUNIC IPAL ITI ES 3 171 6 618 4 833 4 636 7 545 9 160 21.4 108.7 38.4 

UTAH 6 674 12 943 16 503 19 812 29 071 24 615 -15.3 93.9 90.2 STATE. 6 154 10 938 13 707 16 598 23 336 22 997 -1.5 77.7 110.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 768 2 676 3 333 3 780 6 218 4 596 -26.1 248.4 71.7 COUNTIES 762 2 642 3 306 3 783 6 227 4 563 -26.7 246.7 72.7 MUNICIPALITIES 13 100 126 60 108 187 73.1 669.2 87.0 

Sec footnotes at end of tabt~. 

121 

1971 to 1979 

lq7.q 

108.7 

200.9 

202.2 

-75.2 

350.6 

340.0 

549.0 

899.3 

316.6 

57.5 

79.3 

46.3 

139.8 

14.6 

244.3 

255.9 

199.8 

205.2 

211.1 

213.9 

167.9 

453.4 

499.0 

237.3 

114.5 

92.8 

234.6 

266.8 

144.5 

362.3 

445.3 

119.5 

100.6 

178.0 

264.2 

245.8 

370.2 

428.1 

-76.q 

198.1 

174.8 

132.5 

155.8 

106.5 

273.4 

273.4 

-

- 251.4 

374.8 

43.3 

41.5 

217.7 

187.5 

207.6 

98.7 

112.2 

252.8 

290.0 

295.0 

346.2 

283.6 

266.5 

222.1 

239.8 

282.9 

296.7 

188.9 

268.8 

273.7 

498.4 

498.8 

1 338.5 
122 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 26. Percent change in corrections total expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by State and 

type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

State and type of 

governmen t 1 1971 

VERMONT 6 508 

STATE • 6 501 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 7 

COUNTIES. 7 

MUNICIPALITIES. - VIRGINIA. 40 945 

STATE. 35 532 LOCAL, TOTAL. 9 559 

COUNTI ES. 3 174 

MUNICIPALITIES. 6 716 

WASHINGTON. 48 518 

STATE • 34 562 

LOCAL, TOTAl •• 15 047 

COUNTIES. 13 020 

MUNICIPALITIES. 2 061 

WEST VIRGINIA. 6 511 

STATE • 4 878 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 643 

COUNTIES. 1 556 MUNICIPALITI ES. 125 

WISCONSIN 54 629 

STATE • ... 45 059 LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 426 COUNTI ES. 10 391 MUNICIPALITIES. 211 

WYOMING • 2 848 

STATE. 2 350 LOCAL, TOTAL. 502 

COUNTIES. 431 MUNICIPALITIES. 76 

- Represents zero or rOllnds to zero. 

X Not applicable. 

1975 

8 822 

8 775 

47 

34 

13 

87 544 

74 491 22 290 

8 513 14 427 

65 017 

47 658 

19 698 18 713 

2 827 

16 863 11 229 

5 634 

5 628 

200 

60 631 46 563 14 828 

14 848 

53 

4 420 3 583 

848 

643 

221 

Z Less than half the unit of measurement shown. 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total expenditure) 

1976 1977 1978 

7 422 8 256 8 325 

7 386 8 241 8 278 

36 15 47 

36 13 45 

3 6 2 

100 922 125 933 153 767 

85 270 99 114 122 374 

29 196 41 022 46 182 

12 615 18 554 19 It:' 17 530 23 672 28 410 

70 208 83 072 94 872 46 349 64 474 67 334 23 859 26 727 30 770 22 645 24 738 29 289 2 825 3 842 4 300 

19 381 19 542 '18 527 

11 726 14 930 13 604 

7 655 4 613 5 036 

7 646 4 634 5 027 164 153 179 

65 854 71 625 83 587 49 123 51 052 60 372 17 413 21 104 23 309 

17 504 21 144 23 015 

49 53 494 

5 331 11 080 18 315 

4 352 6 647 16 779 980 4 443 1 541 

772 4 294 1 433 230 225 154 

Percent increase or decrease (-) 

1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

12 479 49.9 35.6 41,5 

12 425 50.1 35.0 41,6 54 14.9 571.4 14.9 54 20.0 385.7 58.8 6 200.0 (xl -53.8 

168 458 9.6 113.8 92.4 139 771 14.2 109.6 87.6 

49 093 6.3 133.2 120.2 22 491 17.7 168.2 164.2 28 123 -1.2 114.8 94.9 

107 638 13.5 34.0 65.6 

79 131 17.5 37.9 66.0 35 750 16.2 30.9 81,5 

34 167 16.7 43.7 82.6 4 323 .5 37.2 52.9 

20 556 11.0 159.0 21.9 

15 051 10.6 130.2 34.0 5 505 9.3 242.9 -2.3 5 353 6.5 261. 7 -4.9 447 149.7 60.0 123.5 

95 515 14.3 11.0 57.5 

71 189 17.9 3.3 52.9 24 694 5.9 42.2 66.5 24 721 7.4 42.9 66.5 176 -64.'1 -74.9 232.1 

16 483 -10.0 55.2 272.9 14 573 -13.1 52.5 306.7 

1 947 26.3 68.9 129.6 1 773 23.7 49.2 175.7 281 82.5 190.8 27.1 

1971 to 1979 

91.7 

91,1 

671.4 

671.4 (xl 

311.4 

293.4 

413.6 

608.6 

318.7 

121.9 

129.0 

137.6 

162.4 

109.8 

215.7 

208.5 

235.1 

244.0 

257.6 

74.8 

58.0 

136.9 

137.9 

-16.6 

478.8 

520.1 

287.8 

311.4 

269.7 

It'or each State, and the United States summary, the expenditure figures shown on the "Local, tota1" line and the combined State-local totaL line (the data shown opposite the 

names of the individual States) exclude duplicative intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was done to avoid the artificial inflation which would result if an intergovernmental expenditure amoUnt for one government is tabulated and then counted again when the recipient government(s) ultimately expend(s) that amount. 

tOnta for municipalities, and the local government.s totals which include municipal datn. are estimates subject. t.o sampling variation; data for counties (boroughs, parishes) 

are based on a canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject to sampl1n:; variation; see text for data lim1t.ntLons. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------~ 

CORRECTIONS 

This page left blank to preserve table sequence. 
124 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 27, Percent change in corrections full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979 

Employment lind payroll I 

October 1971 Octobtlr 1915 October 1916 October t 917 October 1978 

Stute and type of' 

government 

STATES~LOcAL, 

TOTAL •• STATES ••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES. 

KUNICIPALIllES 

ALABAMA. STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ALASKA • • • • • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • BOROUGHS • MUNICIPALITIES 

ARIZONA. • •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAl.. • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARKANSAS • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

CALIFORNIA ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

COLORADO •••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CONNECTICUT ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• MUNICIPALITIES 

DELAWARE • • • • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL • • 

FLORIDA •••• STATE •••• , LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES , , , MUNICIPALITIES 

GEORGIA,. " STATE, 

LOCAL, TOTAL , , COUNTIES. , , MUNICIPALITIES 

HAWAII, •••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL, • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

IDAHO •••••• 

STATE •••• , • LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ILLINOIS. , •• STATE, ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

INDIANA. ••• • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

Full-time 

equiva Lent 

employment 

172 821 

106 Oq5 66 776 

q9 261 

17 515 

1 425 

939 

466 

333 

153 

J80 

J35 

q5 

q5 

1 :lH 

7~5 

e29 

576 

53 

665 

q52 

213 

157 

56 

26 75q 

10 159 

16 595 

15 802 

793 

1 710 1 327 

383 

H6 

235 

2 058 

2 048 

10 

10 

58J 

563 

2 625 

7 367 

q 698 

2 669 2 on 6n 

3 696 2 503 

,\ 393 1 21q 

179 

q3q 

356 

76 

17 

59 

425 

360 

65 

63 

2 

7 161 

q 959 

2 202 

2 165 

37 

3 Oq2 

1 999 

1 043 

5q2 

501 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Oct.ober 

payroll 

129 119 

78 6q8 

50 470 

36 028 

H 4q2 

730 

q86 

244 

163 

81 

qOl 

364 

37 

37 

661 

512 

369 

33q 

35 

313 

215 

98 

65 

33 

25 266 

9 925 

15 3q2 lq 5q3 

799 

1 265 

1 012 

253 

76 

177 

1 660 1 65q I, 

6 

q93 

q93 

2390 

q 572 

3 019 

1 553 

1 188 

365 

2 16q 

1 q12 

752 

6q9 

103 

400 

337 

62 

13 

q9 

253 

223 

30 

29 

1 

5 213 3 63q 

1 579 1 5q9 

29 

1 812 1 2)4 

578 

271 

307 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

213 81) 

126 933 

86 880 

67 9q2 

18 938 

2 171 

1 281 

890 

736 

15q 

455 

42q 

31 

31 

2 237 1 103 

1 134 1 115 

19 

1 H8 

792 

356 

28) 

73 

32572 

12 70q 

19 868 

190H 

85q 

2 331 1 702 

629 

353 

276 

2 593 

2 593 

791 

791 

2 ,ql 

!! 861 

9 022 2 839 

2 268 

571 

5 695 3 637 2 OS8 1 753 

305 

3BO 

371 9 

9 

531 

394 

13~ 

135 2 

79H 

q 981 2 933 

2 923 

10 

3 '180 2 072 

1 q08 

977 

'131 

Octobet" 

payra II 

208 942 

123 252 

85 690 

6q '178 

21 213 

1 676 1 oq2 

63'1 

508 

125 

701 

667 

JJ 

JJ 

2 110 

1 075 

1 035 

1 018 

17 

766 

560 

206 

157 

49 

39 914 

16 017 

23 896 

22 938 

959 

2 q53 

1 896 

556 

26'1 

292 

2 qq6 

2 446 

760 

760 

3 766 

9 362 6 985 

2377 

1 937 

qqO 

q 158 2 713 1 qq5 

1 222 

223 

q54 

qq6 

8 

8 

'120 

33q 

86 

85 

1 

7 62q 

5 102 

2 522 

2 516 6 

2 827 

1 8q7 

960 

661 

319 

FuLL-time 

equivalent: 

employment 

227 576 

13q q20 

93 156 

73 796 

19 )60 

2 )7! 

1 482 

889 

7q) 

H6 

533 

493 

qo 

40 

2 629 

1 200 

1 q29 

1-)81 

'18 

1 279 

813 

q66 

)80 

86 

3'1 2qO 

12 590 

21 650 

20 712 

938 

2 4;q 

1 802 

672 

ql0 

262 

2 538 2 533 5 

5 

831 

B31 

2932 

1) 02) 

9 812 

) 211 

2 372 

839 

6 16q ) 9q9 

2 215 1 88q 

326 

637 

597 

qO 

qO 

602 

q71 

131 

125 6 

8 BOq 

5 180 3 624 

3 618 6 

3 621 2 065 

1 556 1 115 

'I'll 

Octobcr 

payro II 

235 952 137 928 

96 02q 

7q 270 

23 75) 

1 973 

1 271 

703 

578 

12q 

862 

81'1 

q9 

q9 

2 62'1 1 203 

1 421 

1 377 

qq 

883 

597 

286 

227 

59 

4q 356 

16 832 

27 52'1 

26 387 I 1 137 

2 802 

2 156 

6q6 

3q7 

299 

2 q51 

2 'Iq6 5 

5 

8qq 

8qq 

'I 000 

11 274 8 423 

2 851 2 166 

685 

q 999 

3 32'1 1 675 1 q2q 

252 

786 

7qo 

q7 

q7 

8 959 

5 525 

3 q34 3 429 

5 

3 322 

2 105 

1 217 

B56 

362 

Full .. tlmc 

equivalent 

empLoyml'nt 

2q3 248 

145 552 

97 696 77 682 

20 014 

2 627 1 583 1 Oq4 

a8q 

160 

587 

5q6 

q1 

2 866 

1 435 1 q)l 

1 376 

55 

1 636 1 137 

499 

q11 

88 

)3 H9 13 30q 20 qq5 

19 510 

935 

2 281 

1 5qq 

737 

451 

286 

2 84) 

2 838 5 

5 

872 

872 

2 B7B 

13 189 9 885 ) JOq 

2 645 

659 

6 576 

q 39q 

2 182 

1 B6q 

318 

650 

611 

39 

39 

673 

50a 

165 

159 6 

9 489 5 712 3 777 3 760 

17 

3 927 

2 310 

1 617 

1 169 

LILIa 

October 

payroll 

271 6q5 

163 079 

108 566 

B2 087 

26 479 

2 458 

1 599 

859 

710 

150 

1 006 

9'1a 

57 

57 

3 120 

1 619 1 501 1 q51 

q9 

1 lq4 

819 

32q 

262 

63 

q7 643 

20 493 

27 150 

26 000 

1 150 

2 770 2 OJq 

736 

q09 

J28 

3 116 

3 110 6 

6 

90q 

904 

q 594 

13 003 9 Bq9 3 153 2 560 

593 

5 49q 3 H2 

1 752 

1 q98 

25q 

751 

702 

q9 

q9 

632 

501 

131 

126 q 

10 273 6 366 3 907 3 892 

15 

3 7q7 2 q76 

1 271 

895 

377 

FuB-time 

equ 1 VII lent 

amp loymcnt 

25) q66 

151 408 102 05B 

81 015 

21 043 

3 276 1 88) 1 39) 1 167 

226 

522 

q96 

26 

26 

3 178 1 69q 1 q8q 

1 452 

J2 

1 396 

879 

517 

q2B 

89 

32 02q 12 q90 19 ~3q 

18 629 

905 

2 9ll 

2 001 

910 

592 

318 

2 669 2 66q 5 

5 

9qq 

9qq 

2 922 

13 716 

10 310 3 406 2 B22 

S8q 

6 697 q 505 

2 192 1 B02 

J 

628 

563 

q5 

q5 

725 

529 

196 

19q 2 

10 825 

6 247 q 57B 

q 569 

9 

q 132 2 q36 1 696 1 162 

53q 

October 

payro! t 

29'/ 367 

179 654 

117 'i!~ 

90 290 

27 423 

) 362 

2 097 

1 266 1 050 

216 

933 

902 

31 

31 

3 573 1 859 

1 71q 1 676 

38 

1 172 

603 

369 

297 

72 

q7 q19 

20 090 

27 329 

26 Ill) 

1 186 

3 721 

2 781 

940 

551 

3B9 

3 191 

) lB5 

6 

6 

1 004 

1 004 

5 q)7 

lq 209 

10 7q2 3 q67 

2 875 

591 

6917 

q 976 

I 941 

1 596 

343 

8q5 

76q 

61 

61 

7Z6 

~51 

176 

17q 2 

12 30) 

7 4B5 

4 B18 

4 807 

11 

q 230 

2 8S5 1 375 

900 

q75 
CORRECTIONS 

"lable 27. Percent change in corrections full·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll-.. Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 Oc caber 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

government October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full-time October FuU .. timo October Full-time October Fu 11 .. time October Full-time 

equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent 

employment employment employment employment employment 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL 264 868 336 672 4.5 13.2 23.7 61.8 23.9 61. 1 53.3 

STATES 161 019 206 983 6.3 15.2 19.7 56.7 26.9 67.9 51.8 

LOCAL, TOTAL 103 849 129 689 1.8 10.2 30.1 69.8 19.5 51. 3 55.5 

COUNTIES 82 120 97 648 1.4 8.1 37.9 79.0 20.9 51.4 66.7 

MUNICIPALITIES 21 729 32 040 3.3 16.8 8.1 46.9 14.7 51.0 24.1 

ALABAMA. 3 130 3 391 -4.5 .9 52.4 129.6 44.2 102.3 119.6 

STATE. 1 869 2 190 -.7 4.4 36.4 114.4 45.9 110.2 99.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 261 1 202 -9.5 -5.1 83.1 15'1.8 41.2 89.6 159.5 

COUNTIES 980 919 -16.0 -12.5 121.0 21L7 33.2 80.9 194.3 MUNICIPALiTiES 281 283 014.3 31.0 .7 54.3 82.5 126.4 83.7 

ALASKA. 558 1 085 6.9 16.3 19.7 74.8 22.6 54.8 46.8 STATE. 519 1 032 4.6 14.4 26.6 83.2 22.4 54.7 54.'3 LOCAL, TOTAL 39 53 50.0 71.0 -31.1 -10.8 25.8 60.6 -13.3 

BOROUGHS - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES 39 53 50.0 71.0 -31.1 -10.8 25.8 60.6 -13.3 

ARIZONA. 3 537 4 024 11.3 12.6 62.8 139.5 58.1 90.7 157.4 STATE. 2 023 01 288 19.4 23.1 48.1 110.0 83.4 112.8 171. 5 

LOCAL, TOTAL 1 514 1 736 2.0 1.3 80.3 180.5 33.5 67.7 140.7 

COUNTIES 1 480 1 695 1.9 1.1 93.6 204.8 32.7 66.5 156.9 

MUNICIPALITIES 34 41 6.3 7.9 -64.2 -51. 4 78.9 141. 01 -35.8 

ARKANSAS 1 670 1 455 19.6 24.1 72.6 1411.7 45.5 89.9 151.1 

STATE. 1 098 1 029 24.9 28.1 75.2 160.5 38.3 83.8 142.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL 572 426 10.6 15.4 67.1 110.2 60.7 106.8 168.5 COUNTIES 478 345 11.~ 16.01 80.3 141. 5 68.9 119.7 204.5 MUNICIPALITIES 94 81 5.6 12.5 30.4 48.5 28.8 65.3 67.9 

CALIfORNIA 32 657 53 258 2.0 12.3 21.7 58.0 .3 33.4 22.1 STATE. 12 753 23 396 2.1 16.5 25.1 61.4 ,4 46.1 25.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 19 904 29 862 1.9 9.3 19.7 55.8 .2 25.0 19.9 COUNTIES 18 994 28 535 2.0 9.1 20.3 57.7 - .1 24.4 20.2 MUNICIPALITIES 910 1 327 .6 11.9 7.7 20.0 6.6 38.4 14.8 

COLORADO 2 677 3 695 -8.0 -.7 36.3 93.9 14.8 50.6 56.5 STATE. 1 647 2 571 -17.7 -7.6 28.3 87.4 -3.2 35.6 24.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 030 1 124 13.2 19.6 64.2 119.8 63.8 102.2 16El.9 COUNTIES 698 692 17.9 25.6 138.5 247.4 97.7 162.1 371.6 MUNICIPALITIES 332 432 4.4 11. 1 17.4 65.0 20.3 47.9 41.3 

. CONNECTICUT. 2 631 3 286 -1.4 3.0 26.0 47.3 . "' 34.3 27.8 STATE. 2 622 3 277 -1.6 2.9 26.6 147.9 i:~ 34.0 28.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 9 10 80.0 66.7 -100.0 -100. v I !X) (X) 10.0 MUNICIPALITIES 9 10 80.0 66.7 -100.0 -100.0 IX) IX) 10.0 

DELAWARE 1 048 1 133 11. 0 12.8 35.7 54.2 32.5 49.1 79.8 STATE. i 048 1 133 11.0 12.8 35.7 54.2 32.5 49.1 79.8 LOCAL, TOTAL .' - - - - - - - - COUNTIES - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - - - - DISTRICT OF COLUM8IA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 2911 4 372 -.4 -19.6 4.4 57.6 6.2 16.1 10.9 

fLORIDA. 14 493 16 605 5.7 16.9 61.0 104.8 22.2 77.4 96.7 STATE. 10 943 12 753 6.1 18.7 92.0 131. 4 21.3 82.6 132.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 3 550 3 852 4.2 11.1 6.4 53.1 25.0 62.1 33.0 COUNTIES 2 996 3 228 6.2 12.3 11.3 63.0 32.1 66.6 47.1 MUNICIPALITIES 554 624 -5.1 5.6 -9.7 20.5 -3.0 41,8 -12.3 

GEORGIA. 7 262 7 856 8.4 13.6 46.2 92.1 27.5 88.9 86.11 STATE. 5 110 5 878 13.4 18.1 45.3 92.1 40.5 116.7 104.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 152 1 978 -1.8 1.9 47.7 92.2 4.6 36.9 54.5 COUNTIES 1 858 1 695 3.1 6.1 44.4 88.3 6.0 38.7 53.0 MUNICIPALITIES 294 283 -24.6 -17.5 70.4 116.5 -3.6 26.9 64.2 

HAWAI I 735 942 17.0 11.5 -12.4 13.5 93.4 107.5 69.4 STATE. 684 882 17.3 12.5 3.6 32.3 84.4 97.8 91.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 51 60 13.3 -1.6 -88.2 -87.1 466.7 650.0 -32.9 COUNTIES 51 60 13.3 -1.6 -47.1 -38.5 466.7 650.0 200.0 MUNICIPALITIES - 60 - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 

IDAHO. 712 741 -1.8 2.1 24.9 66.0 34.1 '16.4 67.5 STATE. 522 553 -1.3 .4 9.4 119.8 32.5 65.6 45.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 190 188 -3.1 6.8 110.8 186.7 38.7 118.6 192.3 COUNTIES 188 186 -3.1 6.9 114.3 193.1 39.3 100.0 198.4 MUN I C I PALl TI E S 2 2 - - - - - 100.0 - ILLINOIS 11 298 13 831 4.4 12.4 10.5 46.2 42.8 81.4 57.8 STATE. 6 936 8 755 11. 0 17.0 .4 40.4 39.2 71,6 39.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 4 362 5 076 -4.7 5.4 33.2 59.7 48.7 101. 3 98.1 COUNTIES 4 339 5 058 -5.0 5.2 35.0 62.4 48.4 101.0 100.4 MUNIC IPALITIES 23 18 155.6 6.6 ,-73.0 -79.3 130.0 200.0 -37.8 

INDIANA. 4 591 5 110 11. 1 20.8 14.4 56.0 31.9 80.8 50.9 STATE. 2 921 3 596 19.9 26.0 3.7 49.7 41.0 94.7 46.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 670 1 514 -1.5 10.1 35.0 69.6 18.6 54.5 60.1 COUNTIES 1 208 1 056 4.0 17.3 80.3 143.9 23.4 59.8 122.9 MUN I C 1 PALl TI ES 462 458 -13.5 -3.6 -14.0 3.9 7.2 43.6 -7.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 

125 

October 

payroll 

160.7 

163.2 

157.0 

171. 0 

121.9 

364.5 

350.,'6 

3901.6 

463.8 

249.4 

170.6 

183.5 

43.2 

- 43.2 

356.8 

3116.9 

370.5 

407.5 

17.1 

364.9 

378.6 

334.7 

430.8 

145.5 

110.8 

135.7 

94.6 

96.2 

' .-,.1 

192.1 

154.1 

344.3 

810.5 

144.1 

98.0 

98.1 

66.7 

66.7 

129.8 

129.8 

-

-

-

82.9 

263.2 

322.4 

148.0 

171. 7 

71.0 

263.0 

316.3 

163.0 

161.2 

174.8 

135.5 

161.7 

-3.2 

361. 5 -100.0 

192.9 

148.0 

526.7 

541.11 

100.0 

165.3 

140.9 

221.5 

226.5 

-37.9 

182.0 

191. 4 

161.9 

289.7 

49.2 

. .... ~~.I 
126 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 27. Percent change in corrections full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll I 

October 1971 october 197':> Octoher 1976 October 1977 C etoher 1978 

State and type ,,[ 

government Full-time 

equivalent. 

employment 

October 

payroll 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment. 

October 

payroll 

Ful i-time 

equivalent 

employment. 

October 

payro 11 

Full_time 

equivalent 

employment 

October 

payroll 

pu t 1- time 

equivlIlent 

cmp lOYlllcn t: 

Oct.ober 

payroll 

-------+------.-JI-----+----l----+----+----!.-----j----r----j----

IOWA • STATE. • •• LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

KANSAS. •• STAT!; •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN,ICIPALlTlES 

KENTUCKY ••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• HUN I C I PAll TI ES 

LOUISIANA ••••• STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • PARISHES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MAINE.. • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES " •• MUNICIPALI i1ES 

MARYLAND. • •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

~IASSACHUSETTS. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

MICHIGAN. • •• STATE. • •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MINNESOTA. • •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSISSIPPI •••• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

MISSOURI •••• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MONTANA. • • STATE ••••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEBRASKA. •• STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ~S 

NEVADA • • ••• STATE. • •• ; • LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. • • STATE. • •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALIT IES 

See rootnotes at end of table. 

2 379 2 Oq5 

33q 

297 

37 

1 710 1 q87 

223 

201 

22 

2 395 1 582 

813 

308 

505 

737 

629 

108 

108 

5 095 q 336 

759 

320 

q39 

q 670 

3 016 1 65q 1 235 

q19 

5 575 

3 178 2 397 2 063 

33q 

2 670 1 53q 1 136 

9qq 

192 

595 

q85 

110 

72 

38 

2 833 1 630 1 203 

7q2 

q61 

538 

q37 

101 

95 

6 

823 

689 

13q 

117 

17 

767 

398 

369 

323 

q6 

367 

256 

111 

100 

11 

979 

752 

227 

223 q 

1 q'15 1 280 

165 

H3 

23 

903 

78q 

120 

106 

lq 

1 292 

867 

q25 

159 

266 

q39 

388 

51 

51 

3 896 3 J85 

512 

~36 

276 

J 772 2 587 1 185 

825 

360 

q 92q 

2 963 1 961 1 675 

287 

2 084 1 132 

952 

776 

176 

297 

2q2 

55 

3q 

21 

1 650 

916 

735 

q2q 

311 

329 

279 

50 

q6 

q 

q83 

q16 

67 

55 

13 

607 

J25 

282 

2qq 

J8 

226 

158 

68 

60 

8 

2 005 '1 37'7 

628 

617 

11 

2 713 2 19q 

519 

q8q 

35 

2 286 1 525 

761 

620 

lql 

3 639 2 q66 1 173 

578 

595 

780 

639 

lql 

lql 

5 800 

4 822 

978 

q85 

q93 

5 381 

3 085 2 296 1 760 

536 

7 q20 3 659 

3 761 

3 361 

qOO 

2 8~a 

1 S2q 1 324 1 2q9 

75 

1 213 

933 

280 

232 

~9 

q 030 2 217 1 813 1 059 

75q 

665 

507 

158 

H3 

15 

1 210 

859 

351 

307 

qq 

1 110 

572 

538 

493 

q5 

561 

37q 

187 

167 

20 

1 81q 1 307 

507 

q99 8 

2 011 1 682 

328 

302 

26 

1 75q 1 22q 

530 

q27 

103 

2 823 1 959 

86q 

386 

q78 

621 

529 

92 

92 

6 113 5 176 

937 

q87 

450 

, 5 278 

2 950 2 327 1 765 

562 

8 063 q lq6 

3 917 

3 q58 

q59 

2 779 1 J87 1 393 1 313 

80 

836 

669 

1~7 

136 

32 

29H 

1 631 1 3q3 

733 

609 

615 

500 

115 

ir~1 96q 

68q 

281 

2J8 

q2 

1 217 

637 

580 

530 

50 

qq7 

321 

126 

109 

17 

2 lq5 • q09 

736 

698 

38 

2 698 

2, 176 

522 

q82 

40 

2 351 1 513 

838 

7lq 

12q 

q 22q 

3 021 1 203 

636 

567 

760 

610 

150 

150 

6 020 q 960 1 060 

556 

504 

5 714 

3 362 2 352 1 807 

5q5 

7 905 q Oq9 

3 856 3 486 

370 

2 890 1 52q 1 366 1 342 

2q 

1 277 

976 

301 

2q8 

53 

q 138 2 q02 1 736 1 02q 

712 

700 

536 

16q 

158 6 

1 233 

852 

J81 

351 

30 

1 H5 

595 

550 

507 

q3 

596 

371 

225 

202 

23 

2 118 1 q16 

702 

658 

qq 

2 155 1 791 

36q 

333 

31 

2 076 1 q57 

620 

519 

101 

3 q30 2 51q 

916 

q28 

q88 

617 

51q 

102 

102 

6 590 

5 q19 1 172 

618 

55q 

6 27q 

3 850 2 q2q 

1 851 

572 

9 203 

q 8q8 q 356 

3 899 

q57 

3 q23 1 877 1 5q6 1 51q 

32 

66~ 

68q 

181 

lq5 

36 

3 229 1 837 1 392 

'''77 

615 

683 

557 

126 

121 5 

1 088 

605 

28q 

25q 

30 

1 37q 

755 

620 

56q 

55 

505 

331 

17q 

152 

22 

2 q70 1 5q6 

92q 

889 

35 

2 985 2 292 

693 

6'17 

q6 

2 756 1 66q 1 092 

926 

166 

5 10q J 530 1 57q 

738 

836 

836 

6qO 

196 

196 

6 q58 5 328 1 130 

60q 

526 

5 72q 

3 33~ 

2 388 1 670 

518 

9 522 

5 qOl 4 121 3 664 

q57 

3 233 1 633 1 600 1 590 

10 

1 q53 1 078 

375 

299 

76 

q q57 2 656 

1 801 1 077 

72q 

6ql 

617 

22q 

217 7 

1 260 

862 

398 

368 

30 

1 391 

697 

(,9q 

6qq 

50 

691 

q81 

210 

180 

30 

2 785 1 937 

8q8 

807 

ql 

2 q3q 1 955 

q79 

,!~~; 

32 

2 19q 1 336 

858 

719 

139 

q 925 

3 553 1 372 

55q 

818 

776 

629 

H6 

lq6 

7 293 6 09q 1 199 

671 

528 

6 512 

3 805 2 707 2 108 

599 

13 792 8 375 

5417 

q 821 

596 

q 127 2 20q 1 92q 1 916 

7 

1 080 

838 

2q2 

191 

51 

3 627 

2 078 1 5q9 

8q9 

700 

8qq 

660 

185 

179 5 

1 195 

868 

327 

301 

26 

1 607 

79q 

Hlq 

750 

6q 

62q 

q52 

172 

lq2 

JO 

2 q38 1 572 

866 

e33 

33 

2 366 1 730 

656 

607 

q9 

3 121 1 850 

1 271 1 118 

153 

5 )21 J 580 1 7ql 

825 

916 

870 

678 

192 

19~ I 6 312 

5 123 1 169, 

667 

522 

6 3q9 

3 687 2 662 2 062 

600 

10 2q2 ~ 8q6 q 39q 

3 957 

q37 

3qH 

1 819 1 655 1 640 

15 

1 707 1 259 

qq8 

364 

8q 

q 360 2 q59 1 901 1 150 

751 

939 

709 

230 

212 

18 

1 q03 1 016 

387 

330 

57 

1 q12 

791 

621 

556 

65 

752 

53q 

218 

177 

ql 

2677 

1 795 

881 

8qO 

q2 

2 135 1 602 

533 

q96 

36 

2 709 1 629 1 080 

9ql 

139 

5 182 

3 636 1 546 

663 

883 

8q9 

699 

150 

150 

7 800 

6392 

1 q08 

797 

611 

7 366 4 220 

3 lq6 

2 428 

718 

lq OSq 

8 q35 

5 619 q 979 

6qO 

qq92 

2 397 2 096 2 079 

16 

1 301 

982 

318 

2~2 

66 

4 126 2 339 

1 787 1 036 

751 

1 017 

813 

20q 

186 

16 

1 245 

906 

338 

287 

52 

1 H3 

967 

776 

690 

85 

795 

592 

203 

16q 

39 
CORRECTIONS 127 

Table 27. Percent ~hange in corrections full·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971·0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) Continued 

State and type of October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

government October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full-time October Full .. time October Full-time October Full .. time October Full .. time October equivalent payron equivalent paY"oll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

IOWA 2 430 2 882 -.3 7.7 28.3 85.3 21.2 58.9 55.5 194.4 STATE. 1 608 1 968 2.3 9.6 21.4 73.8 16.8 50.6 41.8 161.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 822 913 -5.1 3.6 46.4 123.3 30.9 80.1 91.6 302.2 COUNTIES 790 868 -5.2 3.3 45.5 123.8 28.0 73.9 86.3 289.2 MUNICIPALITIES 32 46 -3.0 9.5 120.0 100.0 190.9 475.0 540.0 1 050.0 

KANSAS 2 464 2 425 3.3 13.6 14.0 39.2 -9.2 20.6 3.6 67.8 STATE. 1 868 1 916 8.0 19.6 7.3 31.4 -14.9 13.9 -13.7 49.7 LOCAL, TOTAL 596 510 -9.1 -4.3 55.4 98.8 14.8 55.5 78.4 209.1 COUNTIES 566 481 -6.8 3.0 63.0 111.2 16.9 59.3 90.6 236.4 MUNIC IPALITIES 30 28 -38.8 -22.2 -5.4 13.0 -14.3 7.7 -18.9 21.7 

KENTUCKY • 3 157 3 414 1.2 26.0 33.7 94.2 38.1 94.6 84.6 278.1 STATE. 2 205 2 426 19.2 48.9 2.6 56.1 44.6 98.2 48.3 209.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 952 988 -25.1 -8.5 241.3 341. 7 25.1 86.4 326.9 723.3 COUNTI ES 788 823 -29.5 -12.5 208.5 302.8 27.1 92.7 292.0 676.4 MUN IC IPALITI ES 164 164 7.2 18.0 540.9 635.7 16.3 59.2. 645.5 1 071.4 

LOUISIANA. 5 927 6 617 11.4 27.7 51.9 118.5 62.9 134.4 147.5 412.2 STATE. 4 094 4 789 14.4 31.7 55.9 126.0 66.0 144.5 158.8 452.4 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 833 1 828 5.3 18.2 44.3 103.3 56.3 111.6 125.5 330.1 PARISHES 848 712 2.8 7.4 87.7 142.8 46.7 -16.0 175.3 3117.8 MUNIC IPALITIES 985 1 116 7.5 26.4 17.8 79.7 65.5 13.3 95.0 319.5 

MAINE. 954 1 052 9.7 23.9 5.8 41.5 22.3 69.4 29.4 139.6 STATE. 726 854 7.1 22.2 1.6 36.3 13.6 61.4 15.4 120.1 LOCAL, TOTAL 228 198 18.8 32.0 30.6 80.4 61.7 115.2 111.1 288.2 COUNTIES 228 198 18.8 32.0 30.6 80. 11 61.7 115.2 111.1 288.2 MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - - - - - MARYLAND 6 702 9 056 6.2 16.1 13.8 56.9 15.6 48.1 31.5 132.4 STATE. 5 405 7 338 5.5 14.8 11.2 52.9 12.1 41.8 24.7 116.8 LOCAL, TOTAl. • 1 297 1 718 9.1 22.0 28.9 83.0 32.6 83.4 70.9 235.5 COUNTIES 806 1 045 20.8 31.1 51.6 106.4 66.2 114.6 151.9 342.8 MUNICIPALITIES 491 673 -5.9 10.1 12.3 63.0 -.4 49.6 11.8 1113.8 

MASSACHUSETTS. 5 836 7 133 -8.1 -3.2 15.2 39.9 8.5 35.1 25.0 89.1 STATE. 4 384 5 363 18.9 27.1 2.3 14.0 112.1 81.8 45.4 107.3 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 452 1 770 -45.5 -77.7 38.8 96.4 -36.8 -23.9 -12.2 49.4 COUNTIES 1 082 1 335 -47.5 -45.0 42.5 113.9 -38.5 -24.4 -12.4 61.8 MUNICIPALITIES 370 435 -30.3 -39.4 27.9 56.1 -31.0 -22.6 -11.7 20.8 

MICHIGAN 10 775 16 014 5.2 13.9 33.1 63.7 45.2 98.6 93.3 225.2 STATE. 6 574 10 250 12.4 21.5 15.1 39.9 79.7 147.2 106.9 245.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 4 201 5 764 -4.4 2.6 56.9 99.7 11.7 47.2 75.3 193.9 COUNTIES 3 768 5 105 -4.8 2.5 62.9 106.4 12.1 47.6 82.6 204.8 MUNICIPALITIES 433 659 -.9 3.0 19.8 59.9 8.3 43.6 29.6 129.6 

MINNESOTA. 3 642 5 159 4.8 1'1.8 6.7 33.3 27.9 85.6 36.4 1'17.6 STATE. 1 834 2 639 .8 10.1 -.7 22.5 20.3 90.3 19.6 133.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 808 2 519 9.2 20.2 16.5 46.3 36.6 80.8 59.2 164.6 COUNTIES 1 798 2 511 9.6 20.8 32.3 69.2 44.0 91.2 90.5 223.6 MUNIC IPALITIES 10 8 -33.3 -50.0 -60.9 -54.5 -86.7 -90.0 -94.8 -95.5 

MISSISSIPPI. 1 822 1 640 6.7 26.1 103.9 181.5 50.2 96.2 206.2 452.2 STATE. 1 323 1 256 5.1 27.9 92.4 176.4 41.8 87.7 172.8 419.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 499 384 11.4 20.8 154.5 203.6 70.2 129.9 353.6 598.2 COUNT I ES 422 316 15.9 25.4 222.2 300.0 81.9 132.4 486.1 829.4 MUNICIPALITIES 77 68 -8.3 3.0 26.3 52.4 60.4 112.5 102.6 223.8 

MISSOURI 4 768 4 724 9.4 14.5 42.3 80.2 18.3 58.8 68.3 186.3 STATE. 2 683 2 717 9.1 16.2 36.0 78.1 21.0 66.6 64.6 196.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 2 085 2 007 9.7 12.3 50.7 82.7 15.0 49.4 73.3 173.1 COUNTIES 1 332 1 223 15.8 18.1 42.7 72.9 25.8 66.8 79.5 188.4 MUNICIPALITIES 753 784 .3 4.4 63.6 95.8 .1 28.7 63.3 152.1 

MONTANA. 873 970 -7.0 -4.6 23.6 86.9 31.3 55.7 62.3 194.8 STATE. 652 767 -8.0 -5.7 16.0 79.2 28.6 53.4 49.2 174.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 221 203 -3.9 -.5 56.4 130.0 39.9 76.5 118.8 306.0 COU'IT IES 219 201 3.3 6.9 50.5 128.3 53.1 91.4 130.5 337.0 MUNICIPALITIES 2 2 -88.9 -87.5 150.0 150.0 -86.7 -80.0 -66.7 -50.0 

NEBRASKA • 1 719 1 825 22.5 46.6 47.0 99.6 42.1 89.3 108.9 277.8 STATE. 1 278 1 421 25.8 56.8 24.7 64.4 48.8 107.7 85.5 241.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 441 404 14.0 19.5 161.9 319.4· 25.6 43.8 229.1 503.0 COUNTIES 383 339 16.1 17.1 162.4 332.7 24.8 42.4 227.4 516.4 MUNICIPALITIES 58 64 1.8 23.1 158.8 223.1 31.8 52.4 241.2 392.3 

NEVADA. 1 569 2 090 11.1 19.9 44.7 100.5 41.4 71.7 104.6 244.3 STATE. 875 1 165 10.6 20.5 43.7 96.0 53.0 82.9 119.8 258.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 694 925 11.8 19.2 45.8 105.7 29.0 59.5 88.1 228.0 COUNTIES 644 859 15.8 24.5 52.6 117.2 30.6 62.1 99.4 252.0 MUNICIPALITIES 50 66 -23.1 -22.4 -2.2 31.6 11.1 32.0 8.7 73.7 

NEW HAMpSH IRE. 794 895 5.6 12.6 52.9 97.8 41.5 100.2 116.3 296.0 STATE. . 573 655 7.3 10.6 46.1 103.2 53.2 10'1.0 123.8 314.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 221 241 1.4 18.7 68.5 85.3 18.2 91.3 99.1 25'1.4 COUNTIES 184 200 4.0 22.0 67.0 81.7 10.2 83.5 84.0 233.3 MUNICIPALITIES 37 40 -10.0 2.6 81.8 112.5 85.0 135.3 236.4 400.0 

See footnotes at cnd of table. 
128 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 27. Percent change in corrections full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payrolll 

October 1971 October 1975 Octtlbcr 1976 October 1977 October 1978 

State and type of 

government 

NEW .JERSEY • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW MEXICO • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW YORK • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

NORTH DAKoTA •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO ••• 

STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

OKLAHOMA • • • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

OREGON. •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

PENNSYLVANIA • • STATE •••••• ~OCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

RHODE ISLAND •• • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA •• STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH DAKOTA • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

TENNESSEE. • • STATE, •••• 

LOCAL, TOTAL ••• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

TEXAS. • •• • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

UTAH • • • • • • STATE •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

Full- time 

equlva lent 

employment 

6 383 

3 2q3 3 HO 3 133 7 

780 

62q 

156 

102 

5q 

25 797 

15 12q 

10 673 q 367 6 306 

q 989 

q377 

612 

612 

267 

215 

52 

q9 

3 

7 563 

5 220 

2 3q3 

1 766 

577 

1 q65 

1 081 

38q 

301 

83 

1 990 

1 262 

728 

6q3 

85 

6 592 

3 269 3 323 1 998 

1 325 

qqO 

qqo 

2 02q 

1 35q 

670 

6qO 

30 

3ql 

265 

76 

72 

q 

2 665 1 966 

699 

556 

H3 

6 565 

3 898 

2 667 

2 300 

567 

612 

q99 

113 

113 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 

payroll 

5 025 

2 660 

2 36q 

2 360 

4 

40q 

317 

86 

q5 

ql 

21 87q 13 181 8 693 

3 053 

5 640 

3 005 2 722 

283 

283 

lH 

152 

23 

20 

2 

5 163 

3 656 

1 507 

1 108 

399 

726 

523 

203 

H8 

55 

1 507 

981 

526 

451 

75 

q 809 

2 35q 

2 q56 

1 126 

1 329 

390 

390 

1 077 

772 

306 

290 

16 

188 

15q 

35 

33 

2 

1 q22 1 019 

q03 

317 

86 

3 601 

2 09q 

1 507 

1 30q 

204 

397 

3ql 

56 

56 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

7 995 

3 362 

q 633 

q 605 

28 

860 

658 

202 

66 

136 

23 28q 

12 299 

10 985 5 q71 

5 51q 

6 563 5 722 

841 

836 5 

336 

27q 

62 

59 

3 

9 903 6 q76 3 q27 

2 820 

607 

2 533 

2 108 

q25 

3q6 

79 

2 q72 

1 631 

Ml 

832 9 

9 299 

q 05q 

5 2q5 3 211 2 03q 

69q 

69q 

3 Hq 

2 51q 

630 

567 

63 

331 

266 

65 

64 

1 

3 75q 2 q6q 

1 290 

913 

377 

7 927 

q 203 3 72q 

3 288 

q36 

90q 

699 

205 I 204 

October 

payroll 

7 640 

3 27q 

q 366 

4 347 

19 

6q7 

511 

136 

33 

103 

27 3q8 1q q68 

12 880 

5 287 7 593 

5 187 

q 6qq 

5q3 

5qO 3 

258 

215 

q3 

qO 

3 

9 695 6 790 2 905 

2 267 

638 

1 809 1 511 

297 

232 

66 

2 500 

1 633 

867 

857 

10 

8 892 

q 3q2 

q 550 

2 4q6 

2 10q 

787 

787 

2 363 

1 987 

376 

332 

q5 

258 

219 

39 

38 

1 

2 80q 1 872 

932 

637 

295 

6 q58 3 60q 

2 85q 

2 q42 

q12 

820 

661 

1!19 

157 I~ 

Full-time 

equiva,\A~ .. 

emp loyment 

8 73q 

3 727 

5 007 q 979 

28 

1 011 

H6 

265 

128 

137 

23 102 

12 q70 

10 632 

5 381 

5 251 

6 872 6 000 

872 

867 5 

368 

276 

92 

92 

10 166 6 q02 

3 76q 3 HO 

62q 

2 607 2 113 

q9q 

399 

95 

2 638 

1 677 

961 

925 

36 

9 638 q 172 5 q66 

3 q81 

1 985 

719 

719 

3 401 2 751 

650 

611 

39 

q03 

33q 

69 

67 

2 

q 136 

2 755 

1 381 

960 

q21 

8 865 

q 826 

q 039 3 710 

329 

975 

780 

195 

192 3 

October 

payroll 

8 799 

3 912 

q 888 

q 870 

18 

831 

6q2 

189 

76 

113 

29 017 

1q 991 

lq 026 

5 521 8 505 

5 9q3 5 356 

587 

58q 3 

305 

235 

70 

70 

9 52q 6 321 3 203 2 5qo 

663 

1 928 

1 586 

3q1 

263 

79 

2 820 

1 852 

968 

9ql 

27 

10 172 q 828 5 3qq 

2 825 

2 519 

6q8 

8q8 

2 705 

2 257 

qq8 

q17 

32 

336 

286 

q8 

q6 

2 

3 Oq3 1 9?q 

1 069 

721 

3q8 

7 q83 

q 2q2 

3 2q1 2 9q6 

295 

989 

810 

179 

177 2 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

9 58q 

q 023 

5 561 

5 505 

56 

1 1q6 

81q 

332 

152 

180 

25 322 H 597 

10 725 5 612 5 113 

7 196 6 323 

873 

868 5 

372 

290 

82 

81 

1 

11 28q 6 767 q 517 , 838 

679 

2 716 2 201 

515 

q29 

86 

2 999 

1 909 

1 090 

1 035 

55 

9 8Jq 

q 351 

5 q83 

3 5q7 

1 936 

799 

798 1 

1 

J q76 2 677 

799 

630 

169 

335 

257 

78 

77 

1 

q 818 3 2q2 

1 576 

978 

598 

9 216 

4 508 

q 708 

q qqO 

268 

1 057 

826 

231 

227 q 

October 

payroll 

9 885 q 332 5 553 

5 506 

q7 

1 01q 

761 

252 

9'1 

158 

33 687 

18 156 

15 531 6 1q7 9 38q 

6 65q 6 015 

639 

636 3 

337 

273 

6q 

62 

1 

12 265 8 110 q 155 

3 358 

797 

2 218 

1 835 

383 

30q 

79 

3 2q9 

2 069 1 179 

1 130 

50 

11 36q 

5 609 5 755 

3 166 

Z 589 

1 01q 1 013 1 

1 

2 697 2 170 

527 

q37 

90 

292 

236 

56 

55 

1 

3 8qO 

2 543 1 297 

786 

509 

8 376 q 350 

4 027 

3 777 

2q9 

1 163 

950 

213 

210 3 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

10 16q q 175 5 989 5 972 

17 

1 H2 

810 

332 

156 

176 

26 512 H 989 11 523 

5 772 5 751 

7 966 6 992 

9H 

969 

5 

398 

287 

111 

10q 

7 

11 q33 6 80q 

q 629 3 987 

6q2 

2 718 2 179 

539 

'130 

109 

3 065 1 9q3 

1 122 1 113 9 

10 915 

5 190 5 725 3 893 

1 832 

8q2 

842 

3 667 3 019 

6q8 

602 

q6 

468 

J7q 

9q 

91 

3 

5 056 

3 q23 1 633 

1 09q 

539 

10 329 5 106 

5 223 

q 851 

372 

1 119 

863 

256 

253 3 

October 

payroll 

11 357 

5 Oq6 6 311 6 297 

1q 

1 llq 

827 

287 

109 

178 

35 101 

20 196 

1q 906 6 779 

8 127 

7 938 

7 173 

765 

762 3 

39q 

301 

93 

8q 

8 

13 qqO 

8 763 

q 677 J 892 

785 

2 353 

1 853 

500 

386 

llq 

3 728 

2 356 1 372 1 362 

10 

12 757 6 qJq 6 n3 

3 611 2 712 

1 19q 1 19q 

3 209 2 740 

q70 

q29 

q1 

q67 

395 

73 

70 

3 

4 386 2 925 

1 q61 

935 

526 

10 1qO 5 088 

5 052 

q 591 

q61 

1 270 

1 021 

2q9 

2q6 3 
CORRECTIONS 129 

Table 27. Percent change in corrections full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

N'EW JERSEY 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNT IES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW MEXICO. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW YORK 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNrlES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNT IES 

MUN IC IPAL IT I ES 

NORTH DAKOTA • 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNT IES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

OKLAHOMA. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

OREGON 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNT I ES 

MUN IC IPALITI ES 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

RHODE ISLAND 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

MUNICIPALITIES 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNIC I PALITIES 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNIC IPALITlES 

TENNESSEE. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

TEXAS. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNIC IPALITIES 

UTAH 

STATE. 

LOCAL. TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

Employment and payroll .... 

Continued 

October 1979 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

10 220 q 075 

6 lq5 6 145 6 lq5 

1 ml' 

200 

215 

28 566 

16 263 

12 303 

5 879 6 q2q 

8 208 

7 186 

1 022 

1 018 

4 

396 

260 

136 

129 7 

11 450 

6 596 q 8511 

4 187 

667 

3 710 3 166 

54q 

421.1 

120 

32qO 

1 9ql 

1 299 

1 297 

2 

11 070 5 05) 

6 017 

4 014 

2 003 

875 

875 

3 8q2 

3 223 

619 

561 

58 

471 

385 

86 

82 

q 

5 '163 

3 605 

1 858 

1 195 

663 

10 64q 4 986 5 658 

5 207 

q51 

1 107 

850 

257 

252 

5 

October 

payroll 

12 025 

5 177 6 8q8 

6 8q8 

6 8q8 

1 qq9 

1 065 

384 

158 

226 

q2 372 

22 730 19 6q2 

7 167 12 q75 

8 937 

8 07Q 

863 

861 

3 

q15 

282 

133 

123 

10 

13 839 8 570 

5 269 

4 406 

862 

3 579 

3 026 

5.)3 

"'2 131 

q 156 

2 q9q 

1 662 

1 658 

3 

13 791 

6 537 

7 254 q 071 

3 182 

1 290 

1 290 

5 228 q 73q 

q9q 

q3B 

56 

497 

q29 

68 

64 

3 

5 052 

3 331 

1 721 

1 055 

666 

11 703 5 847 

5 857 

5 242 

615 

1 405 

1 128 

278 

271 

7 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1978 to 

October 1979 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

.6 -2.q 

2.6 

2.9 -100.0 

23.8 

23.3 

25.0 

28.2 

22.2 

7.7 

8.5 

6.8 

1.9 

11.7 

3.0 

2.8 

4.9 

5.1 -25.0 

.1 -3.1 

4.9 

5.0 

3.9 

36.5 

'15.3 

.9 -1.q 

10.1 

5.7 

-.1 

15.8 

16.5 

-77.8 

1.q 

-2.6 

5.1 

3.1 

9.3 

3.9 

3.9 

4.8 

6.8 

-4.5 

-6.8 

26.1 

.6 

2.9 

-8.5 

-9.9 

33.3 

8.0 

5.3 

13.8 

9.2 

23.0 

3.0 

-2.4 

8.3 

7.3 

21.2 

-1.1 

-1.5 

.4 

-.q 

66.7 

October 

payroll 

5.9 

2.6 

8.5 

8.9 -100.0 

30.1 

28.8 

33.8 

q5.0 

27.0 

20.7 

12.5 

31.8 

5.7 

53.5 

12.6 

12.6 

12.8 

13.0 

5.3 

-6.3 

q3.0 

q6.q 

25.0 

3.0 

-2.2 

12.7 

13.2 

9.8 

11.5 

5.9 

21.1 

21.7 

-70.0 

8.1 

1.6 

lq.7 

12.7 

17.3 

8.0 

8.0 

62.9 

72.8 

5.1 

2.1 

36.6 

6.4 

6.6 

-6.8 

-8.6 

15.2 

13.9 

17.8 

12.8 

26.6 

15.5 

14.9 

15.9 

lq.2 

33.q 

10.6 

10.5 

11.6 

10.2 

133.3 

Percent increase or decrease ( .. ) 

October 1971 to 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

25.3 

3.7 

q7.5 

q7.0 

300.0 

10.3 

5.q 

29.5 

-35.3 

151.9 

-9.7 

-18.7 

2.9 

25.3 

-12.6 

31.5 

30.7 

37.4 

36.6 

(X) 

25.8 

27.q 

19.2 

20.q 

30.9 

2q.l 

q6.3 

59.7 

5.2 

72.9 

95.0 

10.7 

15.0 

-4.8 

24.2 

29.2 

15.5 

29.q 

-89.4 

q1.1 

2q.0 

57.8 

60.7 

53.5 

57.7 

57.7 

55.3 

85.7 

-6.0 

-11.'1 

110.0 

-2.9 .q 

-14.5 

-11.1 

-75.0 

qO.9 

25.3 

8q.5 

6q.2 

163.6 

20.7 

7.8 

39.6 

q3.0 

-23.1 

q7.7 

qO.l 

81.q 

77.9 

(X) 

October 

payroll 

52.0 

23.1 

8q.7 

8q.2 

375.0 

60.1 

61.2 

58.1 

-26.7 

151.2 

25.0 

9.8 

Q8.2 

73.2 

34.6 

72.6 

70.6 

91.9 

90.8 

(X) 

48.3 

41.Q 

87.0 

100.0 

50.0 

87.8 

85.7 

92.8 

104.6 

59.9 

149.2 

188.9 

46.3 

56.8 

20.0 

65.9 

66.5 

6q.8 

90.0 

-86.7 

8Q.9 

8q.5 

85.3 

117.2 

58.3 

101.8 

101.8 

119.4 

157.4 

22.9 

lq.5 

181.3 

37.2 

q2.2 

11.Q 

15.2 

-50.0 

97.2 

83.7 

131.3 

100.9 

243.0 

79.3 

72.1 

89.4 

87.3 

102.0 

106.5 

93.8 

183.9 

180.4 

(X) 

October 1975 to 

October 1979 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

27.8 

21.2 

32.6 

33.4 

-100.0 

64.4 

51.8 

105.4 

203.0 

88.1 

22.7 

32.2 

12.0 I 7.5 

16.5 

25.1 

25.6 

21.5 

21.8 

-20.0 

17.9 

5.1 

119.'1 

118.6 

133.3 

15.6 

1.9 

41.6 

48.5 

9.9 

46.5 

50.2 

28.0 

22.5 

51.9 

31.1 

19.0 

5Q.5 

55.9 

-77.8 

19.0 

ZQ.6 

14.7 

25.0 

-1.5 

26.1 

26.1 

22.2 

28.2 

-1.7 

-1.1 

-7.9 

Q2.3 

QQ.7 

32.3 

28.1 

300.0 

Q5.5 

46.3 

QQ.O 

30.9 

75.9 

3Q.3 

18.6 

51.9 

58.Q 

3.4 

22.5 

21.6 

25.4 

25.Q 

25.0 

October 

payroll 

57.4 

58.1 

56.8 

57.5 

-100.0 

12·Q.0 

105.4 

182.4 

378.8 

119. Q 

5Q.9 

57.1 

52.5 

35.6 

64.3 

72.3 

73.9 

58.9 

59.Q 

60.9 

31.2 

209.3 

207.5 

233.3 

Q2.7 

26.2 

81.4 

94.4 

35.1 

97.8 

100.3 

86.2 

81.9 

98.5 

66.2 

52.7 

91.7 

93.5 

-70.0 

55.0 

51.7 

59. Q 

66.4 

51.2 

63.9 

63.9 

121.2 

138.2 

31.4 

31.9 

24.Q 

92.6 

95.9 

7Q.Q 

68.Q 

200.0 

80.2 

77.9 

SQ.7 

65.6 

125.8 

81.2 

62.2 

105.2 

IH.7 

Q9.3 

71.3 

70.7 

74.8 

72.6 

250.0 

October 1971 to 

October 1979 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

60.1 

25.7 

95.7 

96.1 

-100.0 

81.3 

60.1 

166.0 

96.1 

298.1 

10.7 

7.5 

15.3 

34.6 

1.9 

64.5 

64.2 

67.0 

66.3 

(X) 

48.3 

20.9 

161.5 

163.3 

133.3 

51.4 

26.Q 

107.2 

137.1\ 15.6 

153.2 

192.9 

Ql.7 

40.9 

QQ.6 

62.8 

53.8 

78.Q 

101.7 

-97.6 

67.9 

5Q.6 

81.1 

100.9 

51.2 

98.9 

98.9 

89.8 

138.0 

-7.6 

-12.3 

93.3 

38.1 

Q5.3 

13.2 

13.9 

105.0 

83.4 

165.8 

11Q.9 

363.6 

62.1 

27.9 

112.1 

126. Q 

-20.5 

80.9 

70.3 

127.Q 

123.0 (X) 

October 

payroll 

139.3 

94.6 

189.7 

189.7 

-100.0 

258.7 

236.0 

346.5 

251.1 

451.2 

93.7 

72.Q 

126.0 

134.8 

121.2 

197. Q 

196.6 

2011.9 

20Q.2 

(X) 

138.5 

85.5 

478.3 

515.0 

400.0 

168.0 

1311.4 

2Q9.6 

297.7 

116.0 

393.0 

Q78.6 

172.4 

185.1 

138.2 

175.8 

15Q.2 

216.0 

267.6 

-96.0 

186.8 

177.7 

195.Q 

261.5 

139.Q 

230.8 

230.8 

385.4 

513.2 

61. Q 

51.0 

250.0 

16Q.0 

178.6 

9Q.3 

93.9 

50.0 

255.3 

226.9 

327.0 

232.8 

67Q.Q 

225.0 

179.2 

288.7 

302.0 

201.5 

253.9 

230.8 

396.4 

383.9 (X) 
130 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 27. Percent change in corrections full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type or 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll I 

October 1971 October 1975 October 1976 Occober 1977 October 1978 

State and type of 

government 

VERRONT. STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

VIRGINIA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WASHINGTON • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WEST VIRGINIA. STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WISCONSIN. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WYOMING. • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL. • COIJNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

Full- time 

equiva lent 

employment 

439 

435 q 

1 

3 

3 320 2 535 

785 

317 

468 

3 510 2 597 

913 

775 

138 

983 

736 

247 

245 2 

3 188 2 365 

823 

823 

292 

239 

53 

45 

8 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 

payroll 

333 

330 2 

2 

1 981 1 548 

434 

178 

256 

2 686 

2 031 

655 

540 

115 

q43 

343 

100 

99 

1 

2 625 1 968 

657 

657 

H8 

120 

28 

23 

5 

Full-time 

equivaLent 

employment 

422 

418 4 

3 

1 

5 735 4 229 1 506 

611 

895 

3 955 

2 457 1 498 1 445 

53 

1 004 

759 

245 

244 1 

3 787 2 740 

1 047 1 047 

350 

286 

64 

51 

13 

October 

payroll 

349 

347 2 

1 

1 

4 818 

3 688 1 131 

451 

680 

3 859 2 487 1 372 1 303 

69 

631 

486 

145 

144 1 

3 809 2 812 

998 

998 

264 

221 

4q 

31 

12 

Full-time 

eqUivalent 

employment 

7 496 5 539 1 957 

801 1 156 

4 258 2 632 1 626 1 547 

79 

1 134 

836 

298 

295 3 

3 805 2 752 1 053 1 053 

364 

294 

70 

57 

13 

October 

payroll 

388 

386 2 

2 

6 561 5 000 1 561 

641 

920 

4 458 2 885 1 572 1 486 

86 

842 

647 

195 

193 

2 

4 318 3 165 1 153 1 091 

62 

335 

282 

53 

41 

12 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

485 

484 

1 

1 

8 356 6 038 2 31B 

988 

1 330 

4 595 2 857 1 738 1 631 

107 

1 190 

919 

271 

270 1 

q 02'1 2 919 

1 105 1 105 

420 

312 

108 

91 

17 

October 

payroll 

484 

484 

7 520 

5 537 1 983 

871 1 112 

5 126 3 332 1 794 1 679 

115 

911 

730 

182 

181 1 

4 677 3 516 1 161 1 161 

402 

317 

85 

70 

15 

Full-time 

equivalent 

emp toyment 

496 

493 J 

2 

1 

8 810 6 174 2 636 1 006 1 630 

q 793 3 011 1 782 1 696 

86 

1 155 

B5B 

297 

296 1 

4 342 

3 228 1 114 1 092 

22 

425 

J32 

93 

84 

9 

October 

payrol t 

4B5 

4B3 2 

2 

8 853 6 473 2 380 

975 1 405 

5 828 3 660 

2 168 2 056 

110 

965 

742 

223 

223 1 

5 409 4 102 1 306 1 286 

20 

44J 

362 

81 

71 

10 
CORRECTIONS 131 

Table 27. Percent change in corrections full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type of 

government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment and payroll--

Continued 

State and type of October 1979 

government 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

VERMONT. 476 489 

STATE. 475 4S8 

LOCAL, TOTAL 1 1 

COUNTIES 1 1 

MUNICIPALITIES - - VIRGINIA 9 458 9 653 

STATE. 6 820 7 001 

LOCAL, TOTAL 2 638 2 652 

COUNTIES 1 073 1 129 

MUNICIPALITIES 1 565 1 523 

WASHINGTON 4 820 6 694 

STATE. 2 938 4 288 

LOCAL, TOTAL • 1 882 2 406 

COUNTIES 1 800 2 288 

MUNICIPALITIES 82 118 

WEST VIRGINIA. 1 254 1 124 

STATE. 917 842 

LOCAL, TOTAL 337 283 

COUNTI ES 327 273 

MUNICIPALITIES 10 10 

WISCONSIN. 4 371 5 749 

STATE. 3 268 4 363 

LOCAL, TOTAL 1 103 1 386 

COUNTIES 1 103 1 386 

MUNICIPALITIES - - WYOMING. 472 547 STATE. 360 431 LOCAL, TOTAL 112 116 COUNTI ES 100 1.02 MUNICIPALITIES 12 14 

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

X Not applicable. 

October 1978 to 

October 1979 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

-4.0 .8 

-3.7 1.0 

-66.7 -50.0 

-50.0 -50.0 

-100.0 - 7.2 9.0 

10.5 8.2 

.1 11.4 

6.7 15.8 

4.0 8.4 

.6 14.9 

-2.4 15.5 

5.6 11.0 

6.1 11.2 -4.7 7.3 

8.6 16.5 

6.9 13.5 

13.5 26.9 

10.5 22.4 

900.0 900.0 

.7 6.3 

1.2 6.4 

-1.0 6.1 

1.0 7.8 -100.0 -100.0 

11.1 23.5 

8.4 19.1 

20.4 43.2 

19.0 43.7 

33.3 40.0 

Percent increase or decrease (-) 

October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1975 Oc taber 1979 October 1979 

Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October equivalent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll emp loynlent employment employment 

-3.9 4.8 12.8 40.1 8.4 46.8 

-3.9 5.2 13.6 40.6 9.2 47.9 

- - -75.0 -50.0 -75.0 -100.0 

200.0 (X) -66.7 - - (X) 

-66.7 -50.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 

72.7 143.2 64.9 100.4 184.9 387.3 

66.8 138.2 61.3 89.8 169.0 352.3 

91.8 160.6 75.2 134.5 236.1 511.1 

92.7 153.4 75.6 150.3 238.5 534.3 

91.2 165.6 74.9 124.0 234.4 494.9 

12.7 43.7 2)..9 73.5 37.3 149.2 

-5.4 22.5 19.6 72.4 13.1 111.1 

64.1 109.5 25.6 75.4 106.1 267.3 

86.5 141.3 24.6 75.6 132.3 323.7 

-61.6 -40.0 54.7 71.0 -40.6 2.6 

2.1 42.4 24.9 78.1 27.6 153.7 

3.1 41.7 20.8 73.3 24.6 145.5 

-.8 45.0 37.6 95.2 36.4 183.0 

-.4 45.5 34.0 89.6 33.5 175.8 

-50.0 - 90.0. 0 900.0 400.0 900.0 

18.8 45.1 31.3 50.9 37.1 119.0 

15.9 42.9 19.3 55.2 38.2 121.7 

27.2 51.9 5.3 38.9 34.0 111.0 

27.2 51.9 5.3 38.9 3'1.0 111. 0 

- - - - - - 19.9 78.4 34.9 107.2 61.6 269.6 

.'9.7 84.2 25.9 95.0 50.6 259.2 

20.8 57.1 75.0 163.6 111.3 31'1.3 

13.3 34.8 96.1 229.0 122.2 3'13.5 

62.5 140.0 -7.7 16.7 50.0 180.0 

lnnts. for municipalities, and the local governments totals which include municipal data, are estimates subject to sampling variation; data for counties (boroughs, parishes) are 

based on a canvass of all county governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variation; Bee text for data limitations. Payroll amounts are in thousandS of dollars. 
Section VIII. OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

L.....--_____ ~ _______ _ 
OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

Table 28. Percent change in total other' criminal justice expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971·1979 

(Thousands of dollars) 

St.ate. and type of Tota 1 cxpenditurc 1 Percent increase Qr decrease (-) 

government I 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL • 66 344 257 Q78 350 478 408 576 350 90Q 346 440 -1.3 288.1 3Q.6 

STATES 147 576 598 075 612 289 609 915 526 897 588 070 11.6 305.3 -1.7 

LOCAL, TOTAL 19 538 129 988 221 329 269 825 241 992 223 839 -7.5 565.3 72.2 

COUNTIES 1 787 65 330 152 994 176 619 172 563 161 224 -6.6 3 555.8 146.8 

~lUNICIPALITiES 18 063 65 050 69 889 95 332 71 515 64 554 -9.7 260.1 -0.8 

ALABAMA 873 1 233 1 Q 111 1 412 1 333 5 154 286.6 4)'2 318.0 

STATE 2 530 9 248 9 212 8 888 4 613 8 877 92.4 265.5 -4.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 75 99 473 316 398 2 020 407.5 32.0 1 940.4 

COUNT I ES. 31 14 318 18 376 1 853 392.8 -54.8 13 135.7 

MUNICIPALITIES. 44 85 156 352 22 167 659.1 93.2 96.5 

ALASKA. 337 570 2 665 2 716 1 367 861 -37.0 69.1 51.1 

STATE • 337 1 022 3 484 3 393 1 790 1 845 3.1 203.3 80.5 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - 'I - 136 (X) - (X) 

BOROUGHS. - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - « - 136 (X) - (X) 

ARIZONA. '153 5 329 6 334 5 335 1 232 1 485 20.5 1 076.4 -72. I 

STATE. 2 837 5 667 6 882 7 678 7 2'12 6 025 -16.8 99.8 6.3 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 211 4 229 4 506 4 178 491 357 -27.3 I 904.3 -9)' 6 

COUNTI ES. - « 014 3 302 156 66 53 -19.7 (X) -98.7 

MUN IC IPAL ITI ES. 211 215 1 205 4 022 425 304 -28.5 ),9 41.4 

ARKANSAS. 227 1 92Q 2 516 4 461 3 019 2 629 -12.9 747.6 36.6 

STATE • 1 336 6 503 6 648 7 8B9 6 078 6 241 2.7 3B6.8 -4.0 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - 9 200 643 1 410 920 -34.8 (X) 10 122.2 

COUNTIES. - - 196 140 547 572 4.6 - (X) 

MUNICIPALITIES. - 9 3 502 1 018 462 -54.6 (X) 5 033.3 

CALIfORNIA. 4 155 21 260 31 3Q5 4Q 314 26 645 41 994 57.6 Qll.7 97.5 

STATE • 11 919 54 900 44 191 57 798 58 752 51 056 -13.1 360.6 -7.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 578 8 252 20 665 38 465 19 710 31 000 57.3 Q22.9 275.7 COUNTI ES. 641.1 6 346 10 390 20 810 15 014 26 084 73.7 879.3 311.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 9'12 1 907 10 374 17 892 5 087 5 303 4.2 102.4 178.1 

COLORAD0. 618 3 912 6 281 5 930 'I 8.18 4 203 -12.8 533.0 7.'1 STATE. 3 043 12 740 11 450 9 228 8 035 4 224 -'17.4 318.7 -66.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 149 2 '135 4 423 4 386 2 718 2 776 2.1 1 5311.2 14.0 COUNTIES. - 1 140 3 169 2 872 1 066 823 -22.8 (X) -27.8 MUN IC IPAL IT I ES. 149 1 297 1 531 1 522 1 652 1 954 18.3 770.5 50.7 

CONNECTICUT 666 1 605 2 170 1 877 3 401 3 434 1.0 141.0 114.0 STATE • 2 467 4 961 3 328 5 270 6 30Q 5 658 -10.2 101.1 lQ.O 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 161 428 1 088 1 099 1 2'16 1 167 -6.3 165.8 172.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 177 428 1 088 1 105 1 252 1 167 -6.8 141.8 172.7 

DELAWARE. 814 803 888 910 I 279 I 126 -12.0 .1.4 40.2 STATE. 2 116 1 851 1 858 2 059 1 898 1 819 -4.2 -1~.5 -1.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. - 38 - - 14 31 121.4 (X) -18.4 COUNTI ES. - 38 - - - 3 (X) (X) -92.1 MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - 14 28 100.0 - (X) 

DISTRICT Of 

COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 2 26B 2 425 862 766 I 483 414 -72.1 6.9 -82.9 

fLORIDA • 2 664 9 729 <j 218 16 726 9 536 19 717 106.8 265.2 102.7 STATE. 4 091 12 956 18 238 20 101 15 078 23 043 52.8 216.7 77.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 819 7 673 7 390 jq 933 8 285 9 893 19.4 836.9 28.9 COUNT I ES. 166 6 405 5 437 13 127 6 907 7 987 15.6 3 758.4 24.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 653 1 268 I 953 1 851 1 424 2 080 46.1 94.2 64.0 

GEORG IA • 691 2 379 2 315 5 926 1 988 5 354 169.3 244.3 125.1 STATE. 3 867 16 876 13 256 Ii 383 11 393 10 904 -Q.3 336.4 -35.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 9 287 630 Q 116 1 186 1 360 14.7 3 088.9 373.9 COUNTI ES. - 38 228 988 559 Q45 -20.4 (X) 1 071.1 ~lUNICIPALITI ES. 9 249 402 ;I 140 640 944 47.5 2 666.7 279.1 

HAWAII. 346 538 4 748 3 789 2 832 1 815 -35.9 55.5 '237.4 STATE. 986 2 040 6 425 3 386 3 264 2 554 -21.8 106.9 25.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. - 32 307 1 835 1 340 2% -77.9 (X) 825.0 COUNTIES. - 32 294 1 7Q8 1 273 218 -82.9 (X) 581.2 MUNICIPALITIES. - - 13 87 67 78 16.4 - (xl 

IDAHO. 227 1 039 1 866 5 838 5 233 2 677 -48.8 357.7 157.7 STATE • 1 340 1 823 1 890 3 493 3 311 3 443 Q.O 36.0 88.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 17 432 1 038 3 492 3 006 301 -90.0 2 441.2 -30.3 COUNTI ES. 2 426 1 038 3 492 3 006 222 -92.6 21 200.0 -47.9 MUNICIPALITIES. 15 9 - - - 79 (X) -40.0 777.8 

ILLINOIS. 10 695 7 023 20 591 40 550 63 382 35 967 -4).3 -34.3 412.1 STATE • 12 552 25 34Q 29 623 38 354 27 601 23 943 -13.3 101.9 -5.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 482 3 752 16 973 33 716 54 976 32 737 -40.5 678.4 772.5 COUNT I ES. 75 3 215 16 416 33 587 50 399 28 775 -42.9 4 186.7 795.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 407 666 562 1 233 4 ~40 3 971 -18.0 63.6 496.2 

INDIANA. 909 4 633 4 514 23 093 3 ~48 3 551 -10.1 409.7 -23.4 STATE • 990 14 327 17 636 15 103 10 255 7 943 -22.5 1 347.2 -44.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 56 2 715 2 287 20 637 2 684 2 203 -17.9 4 748.2 -18.9 COUNTIES. 10 1 306 1 168 19 397 1 369 1 139 -16.8 12 960.0 -12.8 MUNICIPALITIES. 45 I I~09 1 119 1 248 1 315 1 065 -19.0 3 031.1 -2Q.4 

See footnotes at end of cable. 

i'"','·>H ,- .,' •....• " :'.~,._~ .• ,,·_~_.·I.·" .". 

133 

-

1971 to 1979 

422.2 

298.5 

1 045.7 8 922.0 

257.4 

490.4 

250.9 

2 593.3 

5 877.4 

279.5 

155.5 

447.5 (X) 

-(X) 

227.8 

112.4 

69.2 

(X) 

44.1 

1 058.1 

367.1 (X) 

(X) 

(xl 

910.7 

328.4 

1 864.5 

3 925.3 

463.0 

580.1 

38.8 1 763.1 

(X) 

1 211.4 

415.6 

129.3 

624.8 

559.3 

38.3 

-1'1.0 (x) 

(X) 

(X) 

-81. 7 

640.1 

463.3 

1 107.9 

47.1 

218.5 

674.8 

182.0 15 011.1 

(xl 10 388.9 

424.6 

159.0 (X) 

(X) 

(X) 

1 079.3 

156.9 

1 670.6 

11 000.0 

426.7 

236.3 

90.8 

6 691. 9 38 266.7 

875.7 

290.6 

702.3 3 833.9 

11 290.0 2 266.7 
134 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 28. Percent change in total other criminal justice expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

. if.' 

State and type oC 

government 1 

IOWA. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUN IC IPALITI ES. 

KANSAS. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

KENTUCKY. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTI ES. 

HUN IC I PALl TI ES. 

lOUIS lANA. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

PARISHES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

MAINE. 

STATE: • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUN IC IPAL IT I ES. 

MARYLAND. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTI ES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

MASSACHUSETTS 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

MICHIGAN. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTI ES •••• 

HUN ICIPALIT I ES. 

MINNESOTA 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

MISSISSIPPI 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTI ES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

MISSOURI. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

MONTANA. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUNICIPALITI ES. 

NEBRASKA. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTIES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

NEVADA. 

STATE • ~ •• 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNT! ES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

STATE • 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 

COUNTI ES. 

MUNICIPALITIES. 

1971 

773 

3 5B2 

340 

107 

233 

500 2 545 

59 

13 

47 

577 3 626 

44 

36 

6 

227 

462 

123 5 

350 

775 

1 554 

1 196 

2 969 

316 

10 

306 

1 122 5 125 

64 

64 

2 162 

3 925 

715 

150 

564 

1 576 

3 769 

52 

26 

25 

61B 1 616 

49 

49 

664 

4 655 

173 

52 

121 

410 

944 

79 

15 

64 

359 

1 197 

82 

19 

63 

126 

461 

223 

372 

See footnotes at end of table. 

1975 

1 512 

5 502 

1 030 

463 

553 

2 672 7 669 

1 B05 

619 

966 

7 466 

6 394 

6 863 

6 656 

26 

1 414 

15 210 

597 

154 

443 

933 2 740 

64 

66 

30 

6 333 14 704 

2 867 1 716 

1 171 

9 446 18 264 

3 105 

76 3 027 

6 932 

29 632 

2 303 1 193 

1 121 

3 616 

7 095 

1 931 

390 1 541 

1 617 

4 186 

284 

256 

28 

3 605 12 020 

2 585 

1 677 

908 

1 000 

2 167 

138 

132 

6 

1 735 4 608 

915 

346 

618 

1 354 

3413 

29 

29 

465 

292 

173 

5 166 

(Thousands of dollars) 

Total cxpendlture 2 

1976 

1 191 

6 837 

577 

254 

346 

3 642 

5 066 3 051 

1 334 1 716 

2 867 

10 633 

862 

639 

251 

1 568 

16 567 

782 

239 

542 

1 192 

3 301 

422 

428 

5 395 

9 390 

2 756 

1 741 1 016 

5 087 

17 002 

2 486 

17 

2 469 

14 091 

21 587 

9 376 

7 779 1 659 

6 047 12 622 

2 843 2 005 

838 

2 003 

4 106 

34 

34 

33 

2 026 

18 256 

703 

488 

225 

1 866 2 358 

617 

604 

14 

1 822 

4 989 1 221 

505 

716 

1 173 4 412 

68 

40 

26 

498 

477 

21 

21 

1977 

1 441 

7 064 

896 

611 

323 

10 165 

12 988 3 242 

2 645 

615 

6 218 

7 433 

2 301 

2 131 

207 

3 328 14 139 

2. 105 

414 1 691 

827 

57 

57 

56 

1 

5 982 

9 817 2 945 

982 

1 966 

13 210 

16 060 10 423 

4 223 

6 200 

14 913 

21 422 

11 807 

9 559 2 268 

4 475 

17 346 

1 905 

677 1 228 

1 926 

3 230 

256 

24~ 

3 369 16 664 

1 534 

401 

1 133 

1 642 

3 216 

130 

130 

1 787 

6 706 

155 

1 

154 

558 4 155 

66 

53 

12 

830 

2 439 

20 

1 

19 

1978 

1 449 

5 674 

710 

696 

33 

4 259 

6 660 

3 139 

2 874 

285 

3 223 2 191 

1 851 

1 851 

82 

4 073 

10 584 

2 252 

1 161 1 091 

740 2 596 

28 

31 

2 

3 555 

8 405 

1 036 

384 

656 

7 762 

8 696 

4 696 

212 

4 684 

4 606 16 571 

2 312 

1 439 

918 

3 899 

10 380 1 689 

743 1 146 

1 821 

3 342 

230 

196 

32 

2 550 

12 703 1 451 

208 

1 243 

1 483 

2 614 

396 

297 

99 

1 089 Q 825 

130 

20 

110 

1 032 

2 726 

547 

547 

830 

1 206 

92 

92 

1979 

1 349 

7 112 

549 

545 

30 

3 485 

4 091 

2 924 2 627 

326 

7 522 

6 063 

4 741 

4 533 

263 

2 825 

7 395 

1 426 

595 

831 

1 344 

2 814 

14 

19 

16 

2 929 

8 706 

778 

471 

307 

6 505 

99 710 5 255 

551 

4 722 

4 127 

14 256 

1 976 1 311 

716 

3 493 

11 909 

1 691 

667 1 024 

1 381 4 181 

217 

199 

18 

2 043 

12 429 

2 448 

1 291 

1 157 

1 415 

2 449 

423 

422 

1 

866 

1 340 

496 

268 

228 

957 

1 664 

578 

576 

916 

1 699 

266 

19 

267 

1978 to 1979 

-6.9 

25.3 

-22.7 

-21.7 

-9.1 

-18.2 

-36.6 

-6.8 

-8.6 

14.4 

133.4 

176.7 

156.1 

144.9 

245.1 

-30.6 

-~0.1 

-36.7 

-48.8 

-23.6 

61.6 

6.4 

-50.0 

-38.7 

700.0 

-17.6 

3.6 

-24.9 

22.7 

-53.2 

9.6 

\., 046.6 

7.3 

159.9 

0.6 

-10.4 

-14.0 

-14.5 

-8.9 

-22.0 

-10.4 

14.7 

-10.5 

-10.2 

-10.6 

-24.2 

25.1 

-5.7 

0.5 

-43.6 

-19.9 

-2.2 

66.7 

520.7 

-6.9 

-4.6 

-6.3 

6.8 

42.1 

-99.0 

-20.5 

-72.2 

281,5 

1 240.0 

107.3 

-7.3 

-31.6 

5.7 

5.7 

10.4 

57.5 

210.9 

(xl 190.2 

Percent i.ncrease or decrease ( .. ) 

1971 to 1975 

95.6 

53.6 

202.9 

351,4 

137.3 

434.4 

201.3 

2 959.3 

6 200.0 

1 997.9 

1 194.3 

119.4 

15 543.2 16 9411.4 

250.0 

522.9 

3 192.2 

365.4 

2 980.0 

26.6 

20.4 

76.3 

(xl 

(xl 

(xl 

428.6 

391, 9 

813.6 17 060.0 

282.7 

741.9 

256.8 

4 751.6 

(xl 4 629.7 

313.1 

660.1 

222.1 

695.3 

98.6 

129.3 

86.2 

3 613.5 1 292.9 

6 064.0 

97.7 

159.0 

479.6 

(xl -42.9 

442.9 

147.6 

1 394.2 

3 125.0 

650.'1 

143.9 

129.6 

74.7 

760.0 

-90.6 

363.3 

301, 7 

1 015.9 1 721, 1 

881,0 

957.8 

609.6 

(xl 

(xl 

106.5 

-21.5 

(xl 

(xl 

(xl 

1975 to 1979 

-10.6 

29.3 

-46.7 

12.8 

-94.6 

30.4 

-46.7 

62.0 

220.8 

-66.9 

0.7 

-27.6 

-31, 1 

-33.9 

910.7 

99.6 

-51.4 

138.9 

286.4 

67.6 

44.1 

2.7 

-76.1 

-71, 2 

-4(..7 

-53.6 

-40.6 

-73.1 

-72.6 

-73.6 

-10.0 

445.3 

69.2 

606.4 

56.0 

-53.6 

-52.2 

-14.2 

9.9 

-36.1 

-3.5 

67.9 

-12.4 

71.0 

-33.5 

-14.6 

-0.1 

-23.6 

-22.3 

-35.7 

-43.3 

3.4 

-5.3 

-23.0 

27.4 

41.5 

13.0 

206.5 

219.7 

-63.3 

-50.1 

-72.1 

-45.6 

-22.5 

-63.1 

-29.3 

-45.4 

1 693.1 

1 893.1 

97.0 

550.3 

65.3 

280.0 

58.9 

1971 to 1979 

74.5 

98.5 

61,5 

409.3 

-87.1 

597.0 

60.7 4 855.9 

20 107.7 

593.6 

1 203.6 

58.5 

10 675.0 

12 491.7 

3 437.5 

1 144.5 

1 500.6 

1 059.3 

11 800.0 

137.4 

73.4 

81,1 

(xl 

(xl 

(xl 

144.5 

191, 3 

146.2 

4 610.0 

0.3 

658.0 

1 845.6 

8 110.9 

(xl 7 278.1 

90.9 

263.2 

176.4 

774.0 

27.0 

121.4 

216.0 

3 151.9 2 282.1 

3 996.0 

68.8 

158.7 

342.9 

(xl -63.3 

207.7 

156.0 

1 315.0 

2 362.7 

856.2 

245.1 

159.4 

435.4 

2 713.3 

-98.4 

1111, 2 

11,9 

504.9 

1 310.5 

261, 9 

647.7 

287.5 

(xl 

(xl 

310.8 

410.5 

(xl 

(xl 

(xl 
OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

Table 28. Percent change in total other criminal justice expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971·1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type Qf Total expenditure 2 Percent increase or decrease ( ... ) 

government} 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

NEW JERSEY. , 706 8 040 10 023 9 191 5 379 5 331 -0.9 1 038.8 -:33.7 

STATE. 4 712 20 613 17 254 17 824 15 382 11 913 -22.6 337.5 -42.2 

LOCAL, TOTAL 308 5 105 6 837 5 691 3 887 4 766 22.6 1 557.5 -6.6 

COUNTIES • 29 1 259 1 710 2. 129 2 014 3 515 74.5 4 241. 4 179.2 

MUNICIPALITIES 284 3 850 5 131 3 562 1 873 1 252 -33.2 1 255.6 -67.5 

NEW MEXICO 485 1 113 2 453 :3 285 3 355 3 731 11. 2 129.5 235.2 

STATE. 1 342 3 183 3 608 5 765 4 222 3 833 -9.2 137.2 20.4 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 319 157 637 825 482 -41.6 3 090.0 51.1 

COUNTIES • 10 301 142 597 708 377 -46.8 2 910.0 25.2 

MUNICIPALITIES - 21 15 39 117 583 398.3 (Xl 2 676.2 

NEW YORK , 11 478 42 405 37 485 41 121 30 396 45 275 49.0 269.4 6.8 

STATE. 8 695 47 329 55 946 77 032 65 450 57 204 -12.6 444.3 20.9 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 9 106 26 978 23 915 23 654 21 030 22 539 7.2 196.3 -16.5 

COUNTIES 122 4 383 4 581 3 160 3 201 3 839 19.9 3 492.6 -12.4 MUNICIPALITIES 8 984 22 595 19 333 20 494 17 829 18 699 4.9 151.5 -17.2 

NORTH CAROLI NA 610 8 406 6 287 8 226 10 270 6 509 -36.6 1 278.0 -22.6 

STATE. 3 256 14 203 15 484 18 138 18 172 12 869 -29.2 336.2 -9.4 

LOCAL. TOTAL 252 3 709 4 246 4 458 5 333 3 01/1 -43.5 1 371.8 -18.7 COUNTIES. 16 3 488 4 028 4 352 5 235 2 879 -45.0 21 700.0 -17.5 I1UNICIPALITIES 237 222 300 130 102 145 42.2 -6.3 -34.7 

NORTH DAKOTA • 201 311 1 102 677 1 766 1 484 -16.0 54.7 377.2 

STATE. 664 2 223 2 154 1 914 2 541 2 068 -18.6 234.8 -7,0 

LOCAL, TOTAL 2 30 721 26 32 - -100.0 1 400.0 -100,0 

COUNTIES • - 21 649 17 32 - -100.0 (XI -100.0 

MUNICIPALITIES 1 9 71 10 - - - 800.0 -100.0 

OHIO. 2 339 5 789 52 508 31 848 26 140 17 055 -34.8 147.5 194.6 

STATE. 6 930 43 178 31 637 2.6 795 25 005 20 651 _17.4 523.1 -52.2 LOCAL, TOTAL 239 3 884 00 294 27 018 23 435 15 427 ~34.2 1 525.1 297.2 COUNTIES. 5 2 235 49 152 22 674 15 844 11 101 ~29.9 44 600.0 396.7 MUNICIPALITIES 23'

, J. 655 1 141 4 ~62 7 635 4 378 -42.7 607.3 164.5 

OKLAHOMA • 176 2 940 5 350 6 365 1 849 920 -50.2 1 570.5 -68.7 STATE. 1 790 5 B88 4 384 5 373 5 036 3 324 -3'1.0 228.9 -43.5 LOCAL, TOTAL - 2 203 4 427 5 006 574 254 ~55. 7 (XI -88 '3 

COUNTIES • - - - 71 - 9 (Xl ~ (X) 

MUNICIPALITIES ~ 2 203 4 427 4 981 574 ?45 ~57 .3 (XI -88.9 

OREGON. 1 326 6 309 9 698 6 615 2713 3 012 11.0 375.B -52.3 STATE. 2. 474 8 978 9 982 10 615 ~ 885 ~ 731 -2.6 262.9 -36.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 379 3 700 e 186 5 588 1 274 1 451 13.9 876.3 -60.B COUNTIES 121 1 B73 7 185 4 789 622 638 2.6 1 447.9 -65.9 MUNICIPALITIES 303 1 827. 1 001 799 651 813 24.9 503.0 -55.5 

PENNSVLVAN I A • 1 9~3 10 828 7 737 8 248 6 426 7 9~1 2~.4 460.2 -26.8 STATE. 1 741 38 666 44 090 6 016 29 786 21 434 ~28.0 2 120.9 -44.6 LOCAL, TOTAL. 263 7 023 3 350 2 302 1 966 1 793 -8.8 2 570.:3 -74.5 COUNTIES. 8 321 331 432 517 844 63.2 :3 912.5 162.9 MUNICIPALITIES 254 6 702 :3 018 1 873 1 449 949 -34.5 2 538.6 -85.8 

RHODE ISLAND. 139 519 1 010 553 990 1 085 9.6 273.4 109.1 STATE. 1 010 2 040 2 795 1 671 2 082 2 801 34.5 102.0 n.3 LOCAL, TOTAL • 85 39 180 125 2 2 - -54.1 -94.9. MUNICIPALITIES 85 39 180 125 2 2 - -54.1 -94.9 

SOUTH CAROLI NA 1 536 8 591 5 050 2 944 2 414 2 147 -11.1 459.3 -75.0 STATE. .. , .. 4 838 7 360 7 05:3 3 254 5 334 5 710 7.0 5201 22.4 LOCAL, TOTAL " • 15 6 506 :3 127 615 730 807 10.5 43 273.3 -87.6 COUNTIES - 6 442 3 199 658 692 778 12.4 (xl -87.9 MUNICIPALITIES 15 142 150 234 327 317 -3.1 846.7 123.2 

SOUTH DAKOTA • 453 916 3 043 385 325 332 2.2 102.2 -63.8 STATE. 793 2 136 2 668 3 091 1 553 2 068 33.2 169.4 -3.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 1 2 1 993 ~ 

- 28 (XI 100.0 1 300.0 COUNTIES. 1 2 769 - - 28 (XI 100.0 1 300.0 MUNICIPALITIES - 8 1 223 - - - - (XI -100.0 

TENNESSEE. 381 3 038 3 393 3 120 26 541 22 491 -15.3 697.4 640.3 STATE. 1 684 10 739 7 416 5 906 7 321 10 231 39.7 537.7 -4.7 LOCAL, TOTAL • .. 51 1 911 2 187 2 065 25 740 21 287 -17.3 3 647.1 1 013.9 COUNTIES. 1 1 051 1 943 1 491 24 479 20 815 -15.0 105 000.0 1 880.5 MUNICIPALITIES 50 865 265 584 1 617 507 -68.6 1 630.0 -41.4 

TEXAS. 4 398 27 337 38 998 29 201 29 012 23 679 -18.4 521.6 -13.4 STATE. 10 564 46 013 47 443 48 554 39 731 22 085 -44.4 335.6 -52.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 729 6 889 17 647 16 420 21 401 22 342 4.4 845.0 224.3 COUNTIES • 65 5 381 15 593 13 620 16 055 18 753 16.8 8 178.5 248.5 MUNICIPALITIES 663 1 554 2 375 2 902 5 379 3 606 -33.0 134.4 132.0 

UTAH 522 809 1 264 2 944 2 191 2 565 17.1 55.0 217.1 STATE. 1 197 4 202 4 010 4 221 4 011 :3 275 -18. :3 251.0 -22.1 LOCAL, TOTAL • 46 - 601 1 9<:10 1 650 1 468 -11.0 -100.0 (Xl 

COUNTIES • - - 133 1 553 1 212 1 252 3.3 - (X) 

MUNICIPALITIES 46 - 468 447 462 239 -48.3 -100.0 (XI 

See footnotes at end of table:. 

135 

1971 to 1979 

655.1 

152.8 

1 447.4 12 020.7 

340.8 

669.3 

185.6 

4 720.0 

3 570.0 

(Xl 

294.5 

557.9 

147.5 

3 046.7 

108.1 

967.0 

295.2 

1 096.0 

17 893.8 

-38.8 

638.3 

2.11. 4 

-100.0 

- -100.0 

629.2 

198.0 

6 354.8 

221 920.0 

1 770.9 

422.7 

85.7 

(XI 

(X) 

(XI 

127.1 

131.6 

282.8 

427.3 

168.3 

310.3 

1 131.1 

58(. 7 

10 450.0 

273.6 

680.6 

177.3 

-97.6 

-97.6 

39.8 

18.0 

5 280.0 (XI 

2 013.3 

-26.7 

160.8 

2 700.0 

2 700.0 

- 5 803.1 

507.5 41 639.2 2 081 400.0 

914.0 

438.4 

109.1 

2 964.7 

28 750.8 

443.9 

391.4 

173.6 

3 091.3 (XI 

419.6 

-------------------'1 
'" 136 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

I 

I

i! 

,: 

j; 

Table 28. Percent change in total other criminal justice expenditure (direct and intergovernmental) by 

State and type of government: fiscal years 1971-1979-Continued 

(Thousands of dollars) 

State and type of Total expenditure 1 Percent inct'clise or dccrease (-) 

government 1 

1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1978 to 1979 1971 to 1975 1975 to 1979 

V~RMONT. 5 440 415 546 627 917 46.3 8 700.0 108.4 

STAT~. 904 550 977 1 085 1 184 1 139 -3.8 -39.2 107.1 LOCAL, TOTAL - 12 , - - - - - (Xi -100.0 

COUNTI~S - 11 - - - - - (Xi -100.0 

MUNICIPALlTI~S - 1 - - - - - ( Xi -100.0 

VIRGINIA. 636 4 224 3 406 8 141 12 209 9 117 -25.3 564.2 115.8 STAT~. 2 810 11 241 12 192 10 790 11 511 38 147 231.4 300.0 239.4 LOCAL, TOTAL • 1 2 134 1 458 5 620 7 892 6 072 -23.1 213 300.0 184.5 COUNTIE:S • - 367 495 1 377 5 684 2 235 -60.7 (X) 509.0 MUNICIPALITIES 1 1 769 965 4 245 2 238 3900 74.3 176 800.0 120.5 

WASH I NGTON • 521 2 636 5 332 2 580 3 519 6 036 71.5 406.0 129.0 STATE. 1 678 7 639 14 655 8 298 5 692 8 229 44.6 355.2 7.7 LOCAL, TOTAL • 5 1 421 3 809 1 654 2 167 4 671 115.6 28 320.0 228.7 COUNTIES • - 611 3 474 881 1 019 3 892 281.9 (Xi 537.0 MUNICIPALITIES 5 810 371 791 1 390 791 -43.1 16 100.0 -2.3 

WEST VIRGINIA. 361 1 006 844 961 1 8'13 1 323 -28.2 178.7 31.5 STATE. 1 384 3 244 3 022 3 398 3 255 2 392 -26.5 134.4 -26.3 LOCAL, TOTAL - 292 182 188 187 97 -48.1 (Xi -66.8 COUNTIES - 218 507 39 73 59 -19.2 (Xi -72.9 MUNICIPALITIES - 74 1 149 114 38 -66.7 (Xi -48.6 

WISCONSIN. 557 5 083 5 859 6 718 8 551 11 479 34.2 812.6 125.8 STATE. 74R 10 291 12 156 9 844 7 782 8 282 6.4 1 275.8 -19.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 117 265 527 342 3 961 7 926 100.1 126.5 2 890.9 COUNTIES 41 180 507 321 3 936 7 941 101.8 339.0 4 311. 7 MUNICIPALITIES 76 84 19 21 44 10 -77.3 10.5 -88.1 

WYOMING. 125 231 1 026 592 522 484 -7.3 84.8 109.5 STATE. 709 1 790 1 609 2 407 1 175 891 -24.2 152.5 -50.2 LOCAL, TOTAL • 10 32 807 - - - - 220.0 -100.0 COUNTIES • - 9 531 - - - - (XI -100.0 MUNICIPALITIES 10 23 293 - - - - 130.0 -100.0 

1971 to 1979 

18 240.0 

26.0 

-

-

- 1 333.5 

1 257.5 607 100.0 

(Xi 

389 900.0 

1 058.5 

390.4 

93 320.0 (Xi 

15 720.0 

266.5 

72.8 

(Xi 

(Xi 

( Xi 

1 960.9 

1 007.2 

6 674.4 

19 268.3 

-86.8 

287.2 

25.7 -100.0 

- -100.-

~.' - Represents zero or rounds to zero. 

~ X Not applicable. 

'~ 'For each State, and the United SCates sununary, the expenditure figures shown on the "Local, totall! line and the combined State .. local t.otal line (the data shown oppositu the 

: name of the individual Scates) exclude dupUcaeive intergovernmental expenditure amounts. This was done to avoid the artificinl inflation which would result if an intergovcrn .. 

:.. mental expenditure amount for one government is tabulated and then counted again when the recipient government(s) ultimately expend(s) that amount. 

:: lOses for muniCipalities, and the local governments t.otals which include municipal data, nrc estimates subject to sampling variation; data fot' counties (boroughs J parishes) are 

~ based on a canvass of all count)' governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variat.ion; see text for data Umit;ntions. 

~ 

~ !.. t 

i. 

~ 

~ ~ 

t 

1.; 

Co 

~; 

~: 

~ ~ 

~ 

~ f 

~; 

~ ~ 

~ ~ L' 

~ 

~ 

r; 

~ 

r 

~ 

~. 

M 

R 

~ ~ 

~ 

" 

~ 

~ l 

v 

f:' 

~ ~ 

[ 

g 

r 
--------

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

This page left blank to preserve table sequence. 
138 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0cotber 1979 

State and type of 

government 

s'l ATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL • 

ALABAMA. STATE. 

STATES • • • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES • MUNICIPALITIES • 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ALASKA • • STATE. , • " • LOCAL, TOTAL • BORoUGHS ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ARIZONA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

ARKANSAS • • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

CALI FORNI A. • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

COLORADO • ., STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

CONNECTICUT. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • • MUN I C I PAL I TI ES 

DELAWARE • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

FLORIDA. • STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

GEORGIA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL. • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES. 

HAWAI I • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL •• COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

IDAHO, • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

ILLINOIS • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

INDIANA. • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

2 ll3 

1 465 

648 

121 

527 

17 

17 

9 

5 

4 

20 

14 

6 

6 

16 

16 

129 

70 

59 

54 

5 

18 

18 

72 

25 

47 

47 

10 

10 

27 

~1 

37 

4 

4 

12 

12 

11 

11 

1J 

1J 

67 

52 

15 

9 

6 

42 

42 

October 

payroll 

1 858 1 181 

677 

107 

570 

14 

14 

1J 

7 

6 

6 

16 

12 

~ 

4 

10 

10 

ll6 

61 

5~ 

50 

4 

17 

17 

49 

19 

30 

JO 

8 

8 

28 

J7 

J2 

4 

~ 

6 

6 

14 

14 

11 

11 

79 

67 

12 

8 

4 

J3 

3J 

See footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

5 558 J 371 2 187 

9J2 

1 255 

49 

42 

7 

7 

12 

12 

J7 

J2 

5 

1 

4 

55 

55 

266 

40 

226 

134 

92 

59 

53 

6 

6 

66 

J8 

28 

28 

29 

29 

41 

250 

80 

170 

139 

31 

52 

qo 

12 

1 

11 

15 

13 

2 

2 

28 

28 

16~ 

126 

38 

26 

12 

147 

67 

80 

5J 

27 

October 

payroll 

5 893 

3 561 2 333 

893 

1 4J9 

51 

46 

5 

5 

23 

23 

J05 

53 

252 

157 

95 

79 

72 

7 

7 

61 

n 

24 

24 

36 

36 

49 

250 

80 

170 

144 

26 

66 

~5 

21 

1 

21 

2~ 

22 

2 

2 

31 

31 

194 

16J 

31 

20 

11 

130 

67 

6J 

44 

19 

Employment and puyroU 1 

Octouer 1976 

Full-time 

equivalent: 

employment 

6 503 J 598 2 905 1 333 

1 572 

45 

J7 

8 

8 

18 

18 

54 

J2 

22 

9 

1J 

69 

55 

14 

H 

J06 

38 

268 

164 

104 

102 

50 

52 

17 

35 

105 

J7 

68 

68 

42 

42 

40 

288 

71 

217 

159 

58 

75 

43 

32 

12 

20 

22 

20 

2 

2 

2q 

2J 

1 

1 

157 

119 

38 

14 

2q 

116 

70 

46 

38 

8 

October 

payroll 

7 211 ~ 054 3 157 1 243 

1 914 

54 

47 

8 

72 

46 

26 

12 

15 

6~ 

5~ 

10 

10 

J54 

5J 

JOI 

19J 

109 

118 

71 

46 

14 

J2 

98 

J7 

61 

61 

47 

47 

57 

312 

81 

2Jl 

179 

51 

91 

58 

J2 

11 

21 

Jl 

29 

2 

2 

28 

28 

1 

1 

209 

111 

J8 

18 

21 

125 

81 

411 

J8 

6 

October 1977 

Full-tillle 

equiva lont 

employment 

7 6J6 3 766 J 870 2 J09 

1 561 

~7 

J9 

8 

8 

18 

18 

5J 

J~ 

19 

6 

1J 

68 

60 

8 

8 

665 

41 

62~ 

521 

103 

66 

29 

J7 

J7 

96 

48 

~8 

48 

36 

44J 

68 

375 

J09 

66 

68 

J7 

31 

15 

16 

~1 

23 

18 

18 

22 

22 

209 

90 

119 

56 

6J 

157 

66 

91 

65 

26 

Octoher 

payroll 

9 JOO 4 9J4 4 365 2 511 

1 854 

62 

54 

8 

J7 

37 

76 

30 

25 

9 

16 

72 

60 

12 

12 

88q 

56 

827 

726 

102 

75 

40 

J5 

J5 

9J 

51 

41 

41 

52 

52 

q5 

476 

89 

J87 

3JJ 

5~ 

80 

47 

J3 

16 

16 

55 

J6 

18 

18 

25 

25 

2J~ 

108 

126 

58 

67 

154 

82 

72 

q9 

22 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equivalent 

empLoyment 

7 J86 J 690 J 696 2 567 

1 129 

40 

38 

2 

2 

20 

20 

Jl 

24 

7 

5 

2 

51 

44 

7 

5 

2 

J59 

125 

2J~ 

156 

78 

85 

38 

~7 

42 

5 

9q 

51 

43 

4J 

J9 

J8 

1 

23 

473 

55 

418 

J69 

49 

57 

31 

26 

16 

10 

81 

80 

1 

1 

J8 

J8 

391 

285 

106 

42 

64 

Dq 

56 

78 

27 

51 

October 

payra II 

8 759 ~ 797 J 963 2 7J9 

1 22J 

6J 

59 

q 

~ 

~5 

J6 

9 

6 

J 

61 

56 

5 

J 

1 

516 

202 

J14 

21J 

101 

104 

5J 

50 

45 

5 

101 

64 

J8 

J8 

50 

48 

1 

J5 

505 

72 

43J 

386 

48 

68 

J9 

JO 

19 

11 

119 

118 1 

1 

50 

50 

521 

~05 

ll7 

~1 

76 

140 

72 

68 

27 

42 
OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

Employment nnd payrolt-- Percent increase or decrease (-) Continued 

October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1979 October 1975 October 19)9 October 1979 

State and type of 

government Full-time Full-time. Full-time Full-tim!! October October October October Full- time October equivalent payroll equlva lent payroll equivalent payra 11 equivalent payro II equivalent payroll employment employment employment employment employment 

STATES-LOCAL, 

TOTAL 1 591 9 354 2.8 6.8 163.0 211.2 36.6 58.1 259.3 

STATES 4 192 5 599 13.6 16.1 130.1 201.5 24.4 51.2 186.1 

LOCAL, TOTA 3 399 3 155 -8.0 -5.2 231.:> , 244.6 55.4 61. 0 424.5 COUNTI ES 2 341 2 495 -8.6 -8.9 610., I 134.6 151.8 179.4 1 839.1 2 MUNICIPAL 

ITIES 1 052 1 260 -6.8 3.0 138.1 152.5 -16.2 -12.4 99.6 

ALABAMA. 110 142 175.0 125.4 188.2 264.3 124.5 178.4 541.1 S1'ATE. 10'1 136 173.1 130.5 141.1 228.6 147.6 195.1 511.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 6 7 200.0 75.0 (X) (X) -14.3 110.0 ~ X) COUNTIES 6 7 200.0 15.0 - - (X) (X) X) MUNICIPALIT I ES - - - - (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 - ALASKA 21 59 35.0 40.5 33.3 16.9 125.0 156.5 200.0 STATE. 19 44 -5.0 4.8 140.0 228.6 58.3 91.3 280.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 8 15 (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) (X) BOROUGHS - - - - - - - - - MUN ICIPALlTl ES 8 15 (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) 100.0 

ARIZONA. 28 45 -9.7 - 85.0 193.8 -24.3 -4.3 40.0 STATE. 21 37 -12.5 2.8 128.6 250.0 -34.4 -11.9 50.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 7 8 - -11.1 -16.7 25.0 40.0 60.0 16.7 COUNT! Cs 3 3 -40.0 -50.0 (X) (X) 200.0 200.0 (X) MUNICIPALiTiES 4 5 100.0 66.1 -33.3 - - 25.0 -33.3 

ARKANSAS 83 79 62.7 29.5 243.8 400.0 50.9 58.0 418.8 STATE. 47 51 6.8 -8.9 243.8 400.0 -14.5 2.0 193.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 36 27 414.3 440.0 - - (X) (X) (X) COUNTi ES 30 21 500.0 600.0 - - (X) (X) (X) MUNICIPALITIES 6 7 200.0 600.0 - - (X) (X) (xl 

CALIrORNIA 465 688 29.5 33.3 106.2 162.9 74.8 125.6 260.5 STATE. 276 408 120.8 102.0 -42.9 -13.1 590.0 669.8 294.3 LOCAL, TOTAL IJ9 280 -19.2 -10.8 283.1 366.7 -16.4 11.1 220.3 COUNTI ES 117 189 -25.0 -11.3 148.1 214.0 -12.1 20.4 116.7 flUN1C IPALIT IES 72 90 -1.1 -10.9 1 740.0 2 275.0 -21.7 -5.3 1 340.0 2 

COLORADO 39 52 -54.1 -50.0 227.8 364.7 -33.9 -34.2 116.7 STATE. 19 30 -50.0 -43.4 194.4 323.5 -64.2 -58.3 5.6 LOCAL, TOTAL 20 22 -51.4 -56.0 (Xl (x) 233.3 214.3 (X) COUNTIES 13 13 -69.0 -71.1 (X (X) 116.7 85.7 (X) MUN IC IPALITI ES 7 10 40.0 100.0 - - (X) (X) (xl 

CONNECTICUT. 100 119 6.4 17.8 -8.3 24.5 51.5 95.1 38.9 STATE. 57 '14 11.8 15.6 52.0 94.7 50.0 100.0 128.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 43 45 - 18.4 -40.4 -20.0 53.6 87.5 -8.5 MUNICIPALITIES 43 45 - 18.4 -40.4 -20.0 53.6 81.5 -8.5 

DELAWARE 32 40 -11.9 -20.0 190.0 350.0 10.3 11.1 220.0 STATE. 31 39 -18.4 -18.8 190.0 350.0 6.9 8.3 210.0 LOCAL, TOTAL 1 - - -100.0 - - (X) - (X) COUNTIES - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES I - - -100.0 - - (X) - (X) 

DISTRICTOr COLUMBIA: 

LOCAL, TOTAL 20 35 -13.0 - 51.9 15.0 -51.2 -28.6 -25.9 

rLORIDA. 711 876 63.0 73.5 509.8 575.7 208.4 250.4, I 780.5 2 STATE. 396 478 620.0 563.9 116.2 150.0 395.0 497.5 970.3 I LOCAL t TOTAL 375 398 -10.3 -8.1 4 150.0 4 150.0 120.6 134.1 9 275.0 9 COUNT! ES 318 330 -13.8 -14.5 3 375.0 3 500.0 128.8 129.2 7 850.0 8 MUNICIPALITIES 57 68 16.3 41.7 (X) (X) 83.9 161.5 (X) 

GEORG IA. 139 160 143.9 135.3 333.3 1 000.0 167.3 142.4 1 058.3 2 STATE. 122 144 293.5 269.2 233.3 650.0 205.0 220.0 916.7 2 LOCAL, TOTAL 11 16 -34.6 -46.7 (X) (X) 41.1 -23.8 (X) COUNTIES 11 11 -31. 3 -42.1 (X) (X) 1 000.0 1 000.0 (X) MUN IC IPALIT I ES 6 5 -40.0 -54.5 (X) (X) -45.5 -76.2 (X) 

HAWAII 29 47 -64.2 -60.5 36.4 71.4 93.3 95.8 163.6 STATE. 21 36 -13.8 -69.5 18.2 51.1 61.5 63.6 90.9 LOCAL, TOTAL 8 10 100.0 900.0 (X) (X) 300.0 400.0 (X) COUNTIES 8 10 700.0 900.0 (X) (X) 300.0 400.0 (X) MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - - - - IDAHO. 49 59 28.9 18.0 115.4 181.8 75.0 90.3 276.9 STATe. 49 59 28.9 18.0 115.4 181.8 75.0 90.3 276.9 LOCAL, TOTAL - - - - - - - - - COUNTIES - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES - - - - - - - - - ILLINOIS 250 259 -36.1 -50.3 144.8 145.6 52.4 33.5 273.1 STATE. 110 173 -61. 4 -57.3 142.3 143.3 -12.7 6.1 111.5 LOCAL, TOTAL 140 86 32.1 -26.5 153.3 158.3 268.4 177.4 833.3 COUNT! ES 110 42 161. 9 2.4 188.9 150.0 323.1 110.0 1 122.2 MUNICIPALITIES 30 43 -53.1 -43.4 100.0 175.0 150.0 290.9 400.0 

INDIANA. 125 138 -6.7 -1. 4 250.0 293.9 -15.0 6.2 197.6 STATE. 52 72 -7.1 - 59.5 103.0 -22.4 7.5 23.8 LOCAL, TOTAL 13 66 -6.4 -2.9 (X) (X) I -fl.,A _ 4.8 (X) COUNT I ES 31 29 14.8 "t .4 (X) (X) -41. 51 -34.1 (X) MUN IC IPAL ITI ES 42 37 -17.6 -11. 9 (X) (X) 55.6 94.7 (X) 

See foor-notes at cnd of table. 

139 

403. '

1 

314.1 

454.1 

231.8 

121. 1 

914.3 

871.4 iX) X) 

- 353.8 

528.6 

150.0 

- 150.0 

181. 3 

208.3 

100.0 

(X) 

25.0 

690.0 

410.0 (X) 

(X) 

(X) 

493.1 

568.9 

418.5 

278.0 

150.0 

205.9 

76.5 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

142.9 

289.5 

50.0 

50.0 

400.0 

387.5 

-

-

-

25.0 

267.6 

393.8 

850.0 

150.0 

(X) 

566.7 

300.0 

(X) 

(X) 

(X) 

235.7 

157.1 

(X) 

(X) 

- 436.4 

436.4 

-

-

- 227.8 

158.2 

616.7 

425.0 

975.0 

318.2 

118.2 (X) 

(x) 

(x) 
140' CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice full·time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

government 

IOWA. • • STATE. • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

KANSAS STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MuN I C I PAll TI ES 

KENTUCl\y • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

LOUISIANA. • STATr. •••••• LOCAL, TOTAL •• PARISHES ••• HUN I C I PAll T! ES 

MAINE. • STATE •••• LOCAL, .TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MARtLAND • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MASSACHUSETTS. STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MICHIGAN STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MINNESOTA. STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

MISSISSIPPI. STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

MISSOURI • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

MONTANA. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITlES , 

NEBRASKA • STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PALl TI ES 

NEVADA, STATE •••• LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NE~ HAMPSHIRE •• STATE, • • • LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

eqUivalent 

employment 

29 

26 

3 

3 

27 

16 

11 

5 

6 

31 

36 

1 

1 

54 

31 

23 

23 

12 

12 

J7 

34 

3 

3 

86 

82 

4 

88 

53 

35 

4 

31 

27 

24 

3 

3 

30 

30 

29 

14 

15 

12 

3 

21 

21 

11 

11 

8 

8 

12 

12 

October 

payroll 

See footnot.es at cnd of table. 

20 l' 7 

2 

4 

29 

28 

1 

1 

36 

23 

13 

13 

10 

10 

31 

29 

2 

2 

b9 

65 

4 

88 

57 

31 

5 

27 

23 

21 

2 

2 

2' 23 

27 

13 

14 

9 

5 

18 

18 

8 

8 

5 

5 

9 

9 

October 1975 

Full-time 

eqUivalent 

employment 

41 

25 

1b 

1 

15 

88 

21 

67 

53 

14 

90 

b5 

25 

9 

lf> 

27 

27 

156 

155 1 

1 

121 

83 '8 

38 

81 

58 

23 

16 

7 

118 

82 

36 

11 

25 

57 

56 

1 

1 

39 

'5 

4 

4 

4a 

45 

3 

3 

48 

28 

20 

14 

6 

44 

42 

2 

2 

20 

18 

2 

2 

October 

payroll 

49 

33 

17 

1 

16 

72 

21 

51 

39 

12 

190 

187 2 

2 

126 

90 

36 

36 

103 

74 

29 

22 

8 

121 

E:. 

37 

12 

25 

51 

50 

41 

36 

5 

5 

53 

51 

2 

2 

44 

28 

16 

9 

7 

43 

4Q 

2 

2 

19 

18 

1 

L..... _________________ ~ __ ~~_ ---- ---

t:lnployment and payroll~ 

October 1976 

Fu11 ... tlmQ 

equivalent 

employment. 

43 

29 

14 

6 

8 

81 

20 

61 

47 

14 

124 

100 

24 

16 

8 

84 

61 

23 

8 

15 

35 

32 

3 

3 

171 

155 

16 

H 

2 

126 

83 

43 

4' 

79 

56 

23 

H 

9 

119 

86 

33 

12 

21 

50 

50 

50 

34 

16 

9 

7 

49 

47 

2 

1 

1 

23 

18 

5 

5 

21 

18 

3 

3 

39 

37 

2 

October 

payroll 

48 

35 

12 

4 

8 

73 

20 

53 

39 

13 

130 

110 

20 

11 

9 

75 

48 

27 

11 

16 

31 

31 

1 

1 

209 

194 

15 

13 

2 

142 

102 

41 

41 

111 

83 

29 

19 

9 

141 

104 

37 

14 

24 

48 

48 

51 

36 

15 

6 

9 

56 

53 

3 

2 

1 

25 

19 

6' 

6 

24 

21 

3 

3 

37 

35 

2 

2 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

63 

27 

36 

3J 

3 

100 

23 

77 

64 

13 

:S46 

193 

153 

1'12 

11 

116 

64 

52 

14 

38 

3~ 

34 

162 

157 5 

4 

1 

176 

90 

86 

86 

98 

63 

35 

19 

16 

124 

88 

:S6 

13 

23 

56 

'13 

13 

11 

2 

80 

31 

49 

37 

12 

59 

46 

13 

13 

28 

23 

5 

5 

22 

21 

1 

1 

J7 

37 

Octobe 

pnyrol 

October 1978 

r Full-t-tme October 

1 equivalent payroll ~rnploymcrlt 

72 51 

36 19 

36 32 

32 J2 q ~ 

95 105 

22 25 73 80 

60 72 13 8 

307 343 

190 0 190 

117 153 

106 IJ7 

11 16 

140 130 

65 58 

75 72 

36 8 39 64 

34 21 

34 21 

· · · · · · 216 172 

206 146 

10 26 

9 8 

1 18 

200 210 

113 86 

87 124 

· 13 

87 111 

166 93 

123 49 

43 44 

26 33 17 11 

1q9 81 

108 58 

40 23 

16 18 

24 5 

53 60 

43 45 

10 15 8 14 

3 1 

77 74 

'4 24 

43 50 

27 20 16 30 

69 51 

56 41 13 10 

13 5 

· 5 

32 28 

27 24 6 4 

· · 6 4 

24 41 

23 17 1 24 

1 24 

· · 39 37 

39 J2 

· 5 

· · · 5 

63 

28 

35 

35 

· 

105 

27 

78 

70 

9 

357 

230 

127 

112 

16 

131 

63 

67 

11 

57 

23 

23 

· 

· 

· 

245 

210 

35 

15 

21 

240 

110 

130 

D 

117 

147 

89 

58 

39 

19 

11' 

63 

31 

2' 

7 

61 

46 

14 

13 

1 

63 

32 

51 

17 

34 

7LI 

60 

14 

9 

6 

J2 

26 

6 

· 6 

51 

18 

33 

33 

-

46 

40 

6 

· 6 
OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued .. - . .. ~--

-- -. ---.- .. .. -~ 

EmpLoyment and payroLl-- Fercent inctease or decrease (-) Continued 

October 1979 Oct.ober 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 Octoher 1979 

State and type of 

government 

Full-time Full-time Full-time October Ful i-time October Oct.ober October Full-time October equivalent payroLL equivalent payro 11 eqUivalent payroll equiva lent payroll equiva lent payco 11 employment employment employment emp loyment employment 

IOWA. q8 66 -5.9 q.8 41.4 10q.2 17.1 3q.7 65.5 STATE 36 5q 89.5 92.9 -3.8 Q3.5 4Q.0 63.6 38.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 12 13 -62.5 -62.9 Q33.3 750.0 -25.0 -23.5 300.0 COUNTIES. 12 13 -62.5 -62.9 -66.7 -50.0 1 100.0 1 200.0 300.0 MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - (xl (xl -100.0 -100.0 - KANSAS. 76 69 -27.6 -34.3 225.9 260.0 -13.6 -4.2 181. 5 STATE • 24 26 -4.0 -3.7 31.3 61,5 14.3 23.8 50.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 52 43 -35.0 -44.9 509.1 628.6 -22.4 -15.7 372.7 COUNTI ES. 45 34 -37.5 -51.4 960.0 I 850.0 -15.1 -12.8 800.0 I MUNICIPALITIES. 7 8 -12.5 -II. I 133.3 200.0 -50.0 -33.3 16.7 

KENTUCKY. 315 380 -8.2 6.4 -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl 751.'1 I STATE 190 259 - 12.6 -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl 427.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 125 121 -18.3 -4.7 -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl 12 400.0 12 COUNT I ES. 101 100 -26.3 -10.7 - - (xl (xl (xl MUNICIPALITIES. 24 21 50.0 31. 3 -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl 2 300.0 2 

LOUISIANA 106 131 -18.5 - 66.7 113.9 17.8 70.1 96.3 STATE 63 81 8.6 28.6 109.7 104.3 -3.1 72.3 103.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. '13 50 -qO.3 -25.q 8.7 123.1 72.0 72.4 87.0 PARISHES. 8 10 - -9.1 (xl (xl -11.1 -23.1 (xl MUNICIPALITI ES. 35 '10 -45.3 -29.8 -30.4 23.1 118.8 150.0 52.2 

MAINE 37 43 76.2 87.0 125.0 140.0 37.0 79.2 208.3 STATE 37 q3 76.2 87.0 125.0 140.0 37.0 79.2 208.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - COUNT I ES. - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - MARYLAND. lql 211 -18.0 -13.9 321.6 512.9 -9.6 11.1 281.1 STATE 122 185 -16.4 -11.9 355.9 544.8 -21.3 -1.1 258.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 19 26 -26.9 -25.7 -66.7 - I 800.0 1 200.0 533.3 1 COUNT I ES. 8 12 - -20.0 -66.7 - 700.0 500.0 166.7 MUN IC IPALIT I ES. 11 Iq -38.9 -33.3 - - (xl (xl (xl 

MASSACHUS ETTS 211 250 .5 q.2 qO.7 82.6 74.q 98.q 145.3 STATE 92 116 7.0 5.5 1.2 38.5 10.8 28.9 12.2 LOCAL, TOTAL. 119 134 -4.0 3.1 850.0 800.0 213.2 272.2 2 875.0 3 COUNTIES. 3 5 -76.9 -61.5 - - (xl (xl (xl MUN IC IPAL IT IES. 116 129 4.5 10.3 850.0 800.0 205.3 258.3 2 800.0 3 

MICHIGAN. M 138 -9.7 -6.1 -8.0 17.0 3.7 311.0 -4.5 STATE. 39 78 -20.Q -12.q 9.Q 29.8 -32.8 5.4 -26.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 45 60 2.3 3.4 -34.3 -6.5 95. 106.9 28.6 COUNTIES. 30 38 -9.1 -2.6 300.0 340.0 87.; '/2.7 650.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 15 21 36.4 10.5 -77.4 -70.4 114.3 162.5 -51.6 

MINNESOTA 97 132 19.8 16.8 337.0 426.1 -17.8 9.1 259.3 STATt 59 93 1.7 12.0 241.7 300.0 -28.0 10.7 145.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 38 40 65.2 29.0 1 100.0 I 750.0 5.6 8.1 1 166.7 1 COUNT I ES. 20 22 11.1 -4.3 266.7 500.0 81.8 83.3 566.7 I MUNICIPALITIES. 18 18 260.0 157.1 (xl (xl -28.0 -28.0 (xl 

MISSISSIPPI 37 q2 -38.3 -31.1 90.0 121. 7 -35.1 -17.6 23.3 STATE • 37 Q2 -17.8 -8.7 86.7 117.4 -33.9 -16.0 23.3 LOCAL, TOTAL. - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl - -100.0 - - COUNTIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 (xl - -100.0 - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 - - - - - MISSOURI. 73 81 -1.4 -2.4 3Q.5 51.9 87.2 97.6 151.7 STATE 2Q 34 - 6.3 150.0 176.9 -31.Q -5.6 71.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 49 48 -2.0 -5.9 -73.3 -64.3 I 125.0 860.0 226.7 COUNT! ES. 36 33 80.0 94.1 -100.0 -100.0 (xl (xl 200.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 13 14 -56.7 -58.8 33.3 - 225.0 180.0 333.3 

MONTANA 37 52 -27.5 -29.7 128.6 19Q.4 -22.9 -1.9 76.2 STATE • 36 51 -12.2 -15.0 l1Q.3 183.3 -20.0 - 71.4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 1 1 -90.0 -92.9 (xl (xl -66.7 -50.0 (xl COUNTI ES. 1 1 -80.0 -80.9 (xl (xl -66.7 -50.0 (xl MUNICIPALITIES. - - -100.0 -100.0 - - - - - NEBRASKA. 23 30 -17.9 -6.3 336.4 Q50.0 -52.1 -31.8 109.1 STATE. 20 25 -16. 'I -3.8 154.5 250.0 -28.6 -10.7 81.8 LOCAL, TOTAL. 3 5 -25.0 -16.7 (xl (xl -85.0 -68.8 (xl COUNTIES. - - - - (xl (xl -100.0 -100.0 - MUNICIPALITIES. 3 5 -25.0 -16.7 (xl (xl -50.0 -28.6 (xl 

NEVADA. 36 50 -12.2 -2.0 450.0 760.0 -18.2 16.3 350.0 STATE • ... 12 16 -29.Q -11.1 425.0 700.0 -71.4 -60.0 50.0 LOCAL, TOTAl .• 2Q 34 - 3.0 (xl (xl I 100.0 I 600.0 (xl COUNTIES. 24 3Q - 3.0 (xl (xl I 100.0 I 600.0 (xl MUN I C I PAL IT I ES. - - - - - - - - - NEW HAMPSHIRE 26 33 -29.7 -28.3 66.7 III, I 30.0 73.7 116.7 STATE. 22 27 -31.3 -32.5 50.0 100.0 22.2 50.0 83.3 LOCAL, l<IAL. Q 6 '·20.0 - (xl (xl 100.0 500.0 (xl 

MUNIC 

COUNTIES. 

IPAL IT I ES. - - - - - - - - - 4 6 -20.0 - (xl (xl 100.0 500.0 (xl See foot.notes at end of table. 

141 

175.0 

134.8 

550.0 

550.0 

- 245.0 

100.0 

514.3 

600.0 

100.0 

210.3 

825.0 

000.0 

(xl 000.0 

263.9 

252.2 

284.6 

(xl 207.7 

330.0 

330.0 

-

-

- 580.6 

537.9 

200.0 

500.0 

(xl 

262.3 

78.5 

250.0 

(xl 125.0 

56.8 

36.8 

93.5 

660.0 

-22.2 

'173.9 

342.9 

900.0 

000.0 

(xl 

82.6 

82.6 

-

-

- 200.0 

161.5 

242.9 

266.7 

180.0 

188.9 

183.3 

(xl 

(xl 

- 275.0 

212.5 

(xl 

- (xl 

900.0 

220.0 

(xl 

(,:l 

- 266.7 

200.0 

(xl 

- (xl 
142 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 29. ?ercent change in other criminal justice full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

State and type of 

govct"nment 

NEW JERSEY • STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NEW MEXICO • STATE. • • • • LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAL IT I ES 

NEW YORK • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH CAROLINA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

NORTH DAKOTA • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

OHIO • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

OKLAHOMA • 

STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

OREGON • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

PENNSYLVANIA • • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES • • • MUNICIPALITIES 

RHODE ISLAND • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

SOUTH CAROLINA • STATE. • ••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

SOUTH DAKOTA • STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

TENNESSEE. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

TEXAS. STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

UTAH •• 

STATE ••••• LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUN I C I PAll TI ES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equivn lent 

employment 

25 

22 

3 

3 

15 

13 

2 

2 

346 9 337 4 333 

19 

19 

12 

12 

42 

35 

7 

2 

5 

J7 

37 

13 

12 

1 

1 

96 

93 

3 

3 

26 

8 

18 

18 

148 

H8 

17 

17 

20 

20 

169 

159 

10 

9 

1 

16 

12 

4 

October 

payroll 

3 

11 

10 

1 

1 

431 8 

423 6 

417 

H 

14 

: I 

9 

9 

37 

31 

6 

1 

5 

30 

30 

13 

12 

1 

1 

81 

80 

1 

1 

17 

5 

12 

12 

108 

108 

14 

14 

96 

85 

11 

9 

2 

12 

9 

2 

2 

Sec footnotes at end of table. 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equivalent 

emp loyment 

218 

116 

102 

49 

53 

53 

51 

2 

2 

1 662 

676 

70S 

99 

687 

140 

94 

46 

39 

7 

18 

17 

1 

1 

88 

87 

1 

1 

92 

41 

51 

51 

63 

31 

J2 

J2 

202 

181 

21 

21 

30 

30 

82 

76 

6 

2 

4 

31 

31 

59 

35 

24 

11 

13 

2eO 

72 

208 

185 

23 

31 

31 

October 

payroll 

220 

136 

84 

44 

40 

50 

49 

2 

2 

1 861 

839 1 022 

121 

901 

116 

81 

35 

29 

6 

17 

17 

1 

1 

94 

94 

1 

1 

91 

38 

53 

53 

73 

40 

33 

33 

229 

209 

19 

19 

29 

29 

86 

80 

6 

1 

5 

25 

25 

53 

30 

23 

12 

11 

250 

102 

148 

146 8 

27 

27 

Employment and payroll i 

October 1976 

rul I-time 

equiva lent 

ernp loyment 

251 

113 

138 

43 

95 

65 

65 

1 859 

903 

956 

130 

826 

176 

94 

82 

60 

22 

20 

20 

161 

80 

81 

70 

11 

80 

41 

39 

39 

58 

36 

22 

4 

18 

200 

164 

36 

33 

3 

71 

54 

17 

17 

88 

81 

7 

7 

48 

48 

75 

54 

21 

16 

5 

417 

73 

344 

336 

8 

28 

28 

October 

payroll 

266 

H3 

123 

43 

80 

68 

68 

2 199 

870 1 328 

148 1 180 

155 

93 

62 

46 

17 

21 

21 

202 

117 

86 

75 

11 

87 

42 

45 

45 

82 

54 

28 

7 

21 

234 

210 

24 

21 

J 

71 

58 

13 

13 

97 

92 

4 

4 

70 

47 

23 

18 

5 

328 

112 

216 

210 6 

28 

28 

October 1977 

Full-tlme 

equivalent 

emp layment 

293 

101 

192 

120 

72 

111 

56 

55 

53 

2 

1 741 

939 

802 

125 

677 

164 

98 

66 

59 

7 

17 

17 

197 

109 

88 

68 

20 

53 

40 

13 

2 

11 

47 

30 

17 

10 

7 

251 

242 9 

6 

3 

41 

33 

8 

8 

98 

83 

15 

12 

3 

88 

52 

36 

16 

20 

532 

134 

398 

367 

31 

29 

26 

3 

3 

October 

payroll 

318 

137 

181 

111 

69 

109 

63 

46 

44 

2 

2 102 

992 1 110 

140 

970 

159 

100 

59 

51 

7 

19 

19 

255 

160 

95 

75 

20 

58 

43 

15 

1 

14 

69 

47 

22 

13 

9 

329 

318 

11 

7 

3 

48 

41 

7 

7 

112 

100 

12 

8 

3 

527 

498 

29 

14 

15 

564 

177 

387 

362 

24 

30 

27 

3 

3 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

240 

58 

182 

119 

63 

68 

20 

48 

43 

5 

1 100 

841 

259 

160 

99 

181 

86 

95 

91 

4 

15 

15 

637 

124 

513 

355 

158 

40 

37 

3 

3 

47 

31 

16 

10 

6 

263 

2)7 

26 

20 

6 

25 

25 

51 

39 

12 

9 

3 

13 

13 

63 

36 

27 

14 

13 

500 

127 

37J 

320 

53 

18 

16 

2 

2 

Oc.tober 

payroll 

260 

80 

180 

116 

65 

70 

25 

45 

39 

6 

1 2)2 

952 

280 

158 

122 

196 

111 

85 

81 

5 

19 

19 

736 

182 

554 

368 

186 

46 

43 

J 

3 

71 

48 

23 

15 

8 

337 

311 

26 

19 

7 

34 

34 

59 

48 

11 

7 

3 

15 

15 

64 

36 

28 

16 

12 

5H 

163 

331 

304 

26 

23 

20 

2 

2 
OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 143 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice fUll-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979-Continued 

EmpLoyment and payroll-- Percent increase or decrease (_) Continued 

October 1979 October 1978 to October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to October 1979 October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

State and type of 

goverr.ment 

Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full-time October Full- tIme equiva lent equivalent equiva lent equivalent eqUivalent October 

employment payroll employment payroll employment payra II employment payroll cmp loyment payroll 

NEW JERSEY. 334 389 39.2 49.6 772.0 816.7 53.2 76.8 1 236.0 1 520.8 STATE 55 sq -5.2 5.0 427.3 580.0 -52.6 -38.2 150.0 320.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 279 305 53.3 69. q 3 300.0 2 700.0 173.5 263.1 9 200.0 10 066.7 COUNTI ES. 213 210 79.0 81.0 (X) (X) 334.7 377.3 (X) (X) MUNICIPALITIES. 66 95 4.8 46.2 1 666.7 1 233.3 24.5 137.5 2 100.0 3 066.7 

NEW MEXICO. 118 144 73.5 105.7 253.3 354.5 122.6 188.0 686.7 1 209.1 STATE • 88 111 340.0 344.0 292.3 390.0 72.5 126.5 576.9 1 010.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 30 33 -37.5 -26.7 - 100.0 1 400.0 1 550.0 1 400.0 3 200.0 COUNTI ES. 20 22 -53.5 -43.6 -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) 900.0 2 100.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 10 11 100.0 83.3 (X) (X) 400.0 450.0 (X) (X) 

NEW YORK. 1 097 1 321 -.3 7.2 380.3 331.8 -34.0 -29.0 217.1 206.5 STATE • 862 996 2.5 4.6 9 633.3 10 387.5 -1.6 18.7 9 477.8 12 350.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. 235 325 -9.3 16.1 133.2 141, 6 -70.1 -68.2 -30.3 -23.2 COUNTIES. 130 187 -18.8 18.4 2 375.0 1 916.7 31.3 54.5 3 150.0 3 016.7 MUNICIPALITIES. 105 138 6.1 13.1 106.3 116.1 -84.7 -84.7 -68.5 -66.9 

NORTH CAROLINA. 185 215 2.2 9.7 636.8 728.6 32.1 85.3 873.7 1 435.7 STATE 145 183 68.6 64.9 394.7 478.6 54.3 125.9 663.2 1 207.1 LOCAL, TOTAL. 40 32 -57.9 -62.4 ~ X) (X) -13.0 -8.6 (xl (X) COUNTIES. 40 32 -56.0 -60.5 X) (X) 2.6 10.3 (X) (X) MUN IC IPAL IT I ES. - - -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 - - NORTH DAKOTA. 14 18 -6.7 -5.3 50.0 88.9 -22.2 -5.9 16.7 100.0 STATE 14 18 -6.7 -5.3 41.7 88.9 -17.6 5.9 16.7 100.0 LOCAL, 

COUNTI 

TOTAL. 

ES. - - - - (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - OHIO. 439 504 -31.1 -31.5 109.5 154.1 398.9 436.2 945.2 1 262.2 STATE 78 112 -37.1 -38.5 148.6 203.2 -10.3 19.1 122.9 261. 3 LOCAL, TOTAL. 361 392 -29.6 -29.2 -85.7 -83.3 36 000.0 39 100.0 5 057.1 6 433.3 COUNT I ES. 303 326 -14.6 -11.4 -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) 15 050.0 32 500.0 MUN IC IPALlTlES. 58 66 -63.3 -64.5 -80.0 -80.0 5 700.0 6 500.0 1 060.0 1 220.0 

OKLAHOMA. 42 53 5.0 15.2 148.6 203.3 -54.3 -41.8 13.5 76.7 STATE 30 38 -18.9 -11.6 10.8 26.7 -26.8 - -18.9 26.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 12 16 300.0 433.3 (X) (X) -76.5 -69.8 (X) (X) COUNTlI;S. 1 1 (X) (X) - - (X) (X) (X) (X) MUN ICIPAL IT I ES. 11 15 266.7 400.0 (X) (X) -78.4 -71.7 (X) (X) 

OREGON. 52 81 10.6 14.1 384.6 461. 5 -17.5 11.0 300.0 523.1 STATE 31 47 - -2.1 158.3 233.3 - 17.5 158.3 291. 7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 21 33 31.3 43.5 3 100.0 3 200.0 -34.4 - 2 000.0 3 200.0 COUNTIES. 7 13 -30.0 -13.3 -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) 600.0 1 200.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 14 20 133.3 150.0 (X) (X) -56.3 -39.4 (X) (X) 

PENNSYLVAN IA. 378 539 43.7 59.9 110.4 182.7 87.1 135.4 293.8 565.4 STATE 258 434 6.9 39.5 94.6 161.3 42.5 107.7 177.4 442.5 LOCAL, TOTAL. 120 104 361.5 300.0 600.0 1 800.0 471. 4 447.4 3 900.0 10 300.0 COUNTI ES. 37 38 85.0 100.0 600.0 1 800.0 76.2 100.0 1 133.3 3 700.0 MUNICIPALITIES. 83 66 1 283.3 842.9 - - (X) (X) (X) (X) 

RHODE ISLAND. 27 39 8.0 14.7 15.4 70.6 -10.0 34.5 3.8 129.4 STATE • 27 39 8.0 14.7 275.0 480.0 -10.0 34.5 237.5 680.0 LOCAL, TOTAL. - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 -100.0 MUNIC IPALIT I ES. - - - - -100.0 -100.0 - - -100.0 -100.0 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 98 87 92.2 47.5 -44.6 -20.4 19.5 1.2 -33.8 -19.4 STATE • 88 79 125.6 64.6 -48.6 -25.9 15.8 -1,3 -40.5 -26.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 10 8 -16.7 -27.3 (X) (X) 66.7 33.3 (X) (X) COUNTlI;S. 10 8 11.1 14.3 (X) (X) 400.0 700.0 (X) (X) MUNICIPALITlI;S. - - -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 - - SOUTH DAKOTA. 11 14 -15.4 -6.7 82.4 92.3 -64.5 -44.0 -35.3 7.7 STATE. 11 14 -15.4 -6.7 82.4 92.3 -64.5 -44.0 -35.3 7.7 LOCAL, 

COUNTIES. 

TOTAL. - - - - - - - - - - MUNICIPALITIES. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TENNESSEE 62 76 -1.6 18.8 195.0 278.6 5.1 43.4 210.0 442.9 STATE • 25 31 -30.6 -13.9 75.0 114.3 -28.6 3.3 25.0 121, 4 LOCAL, TOTAL. 37 45 37.0 60.7 ( X) (X) 54.2 95.7 (X) (X) COUNTI ES. 26 31 85.7 93.8 (xl (X) 136.4 158.3 (X) (X) MUNICIPALITIES. 11 14 -15.4 16.7 (X) (xl -15.4 27.3 (X) (X) 

TEXAS 460 479 -8.0 -6.8 65.7 160.4 64.3 91.6 172.2 399.0 STATE 49 90 -61.4 -50.8 -511.7 20.0 -31,9 -11.8 -69.2 5.9 LOCAL, TOTAL. 411 389 10.2 17.5 1 980.0 1 245.5 97.6 162.8 4 010.0 3 436.4 COUNTl ES. 396 374 23.8 23.0 1 955.6 1 522.2 114.1 156.2 4 300.0 4 055.6 MUNICIPALITIES. 15 15 -71.7 -42.3 2 200.0 300.0 -34.8 87.5 1 400.0 650.0 

UTAH. 14 20 -22.2 -13.0 93.8 125.0 -54.8 -25.9 -12.5 66.7 STATE. 10 15 -37.5 -25.0 158.3 200.0 -67.7 -44.4 -16.7 66.7 LOCAL, TOTAL. 4 5 100.0 150.0 -100.0 -100.0 (X) (xl - 150.0 COUNT I ES. 3 3 50.0 50.0 - - (X) (X) (X) (X) MUN IC IPALIT I ES. 1 1 (X) (X) -100.0 -100.0 ( X) (X) -75.0 -50.0 

See footnotes at end o( table. 
144 CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober 1979--Continued 

State and type of 

government 

VERMONT. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES 

MUNICIPALITIES 

VIRGINIA 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WASHINGTON 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES •••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

STATE" 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WISCONSIN. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL 

COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

WYOMING. 

STATE. 

LOCAL, TOTAL • COUNTIES ••• MUNICIPALITIES 

October 1971 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

cmp lcyment 

21 

21 

18 

16 

2 

2 

23 

23 

29 

26 

1 

1 

9 

9 

October 

payroll 

See footnotes at end of table. 

19 

19 

18 

18 

23 

22 

1 

1 

6 

6 

October 1975 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

21 

21 

86 

60 

26 

24 

2 

55 

31 

24 

24 

43 

40 

3 

3 

12 

11 

1 

1 

October 

payroll 

20 

20 

88 

63 

25 

23 

2 

63 

41 

22 

22 

34 

33 

2 

2 

10 

9 

Employment and payroll I 

October 1976 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

147 

94 

53 

39 

14 

62 

36 

26 

26 

41 

37 

'I 

4 

55 

52 

3 

2 

1 

12 

12 

October 

payroll 

31 

31 

148 

97 

51 

40 

11 

72 

45 

27 

27 

39 

37 

2 

2 

October 1977 

Full-time 

equivalent 

employment 

26 

26 

205 

61 

124 

53 

71 

99 

33 

66 

26 

40 

37 

37 

65 

62 

3 

3 

11 

11 

October 

payroll 

30 

30 

218 

95 

123 

59 

64 

126 

47 

79 

26 

52 

36 

36 

84 

81 

4 

4 

13 

13 

October 1978 

Full-time 

equiva lent 

employment 

25 

25 

439 

79 

360 

289 

71 

95 

27 

68 

29 

39 

28 

28 

114 

57 

57 

57 

11 

11 

October 

payroll 

29 

29 

550 

101 

449 

383 

66 

131 

41 

90 

33 

57 

30 

30 
OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

Table 29. Percent change in other criminal justice full-time equivalent employment and payroll, by State and type 

of government: October 1971-0ctober,1979-Continued _ .... .,.- Emp laymen t and payra 11 .. -

Continued 

October 1979 

State and type of 

government 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

VERMONT 26 

STATE. 26 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - COUNTI ES. - MUN I C IPAL IT I ES. - VIRGINIA. 362 

STATE • 124 

LOCAL, TOTAL. , 238 

COUNTIES. 110 

MUNICIPALITIES. 128 

WASH INGTON. 98 

STATE • 41 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 57 

COUNTIES •••• 49 

MUNICIPALITIES. 8 

WEST VIRGINIA 35 

STATE 29 

LOCAL, TOTAL. 6 

COUNT! ES. 6 MUN Ie IPAL IT I ES. - WISCONSIN 116 

STATE 55 LOCAL, TOTAL. 61 

CO~NTIES. 61 

MUNICIPALITIES. - WYOMING 9 

STATE • 9 

LOCAL, TOTAL. - COUNTIES. - MUNICIPALITIES. - - Represent.s zero ar rounds t.o zero. 

X Noe applicable. 

29 

29 

-

-

-

461 

161 

300 

154 

146 

145 

78 

66 

52 

14 

37 

33 

4 

4 

-

181 

81 

101 

78 

23 

15 

15 

-

-

-

October 1978 to 

October 1979 

Full-time October equivalent payroll employment 

4.0 - 4.0 - - - - - - - -17.5 -16.2 

57.0 59.4 

-33.9 -33.2 

-61. 9 -59.8 80.3 121.2 

3.2 10.7 51.9 90.2 

-16.2 -26.7 69.0 57.6 

-79.5 -75.4 

25.0 23.3 

3.6 10.0 (X) (X) 

(X) (X) 

- - 1.8 30.2 

-3.5 9.5 

7.0 55.4 7.0 20.0 

- (X) 

-18.2 7.1 -18.2 7.1 

- - - - - -

Percent increase or decrease (-) 

October 1971 to October 1975 to October 1971 to 

October 1975 October 1979 October 1979 

Full-time October Fu ll-time October Full-time October flquiva lent payroll equivalent payroll equivalent payroll cmp loyment employment employment 

. (X) (X) 23.8 45.0 (X) 

(X) (X) 23.8 45.0 (X) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 309.5 363.2 3Z0.9 423.9 1 623.8 2 

185.7 231.6 106.7 155.6 490.5 (X) (X) 815.4 I 100.0 (X) 

(X) (X) 358.3 569.6 (X) 

(X) (X) 6 300.0 7 200.0 (X) 

205.6 350.0 78.2 130.2 Q44.4 

93.8 215.4 32.3 90.2 156.3 1 100.0 2 100.0 137.5 200.0 2 750.0 6 1 100.0 2 100.0 104.2 136.4 2 350.0 5 

- - (X) (X) (X) 

87.0 88.9 -18.6 8.8 52.2 

73.9 83.3 -27.5 - 26.1 (X) (X) 100.0 100.0 (X) 

(x) (X) 100.0 100.0 (X) - - - - - 51.7 104.3 163.6 285.1 300.0 57.1 113.6 25.0 72.3 96.4 -100.0 -100.0 (X) (X) 6 000.0 10 

-100.0 -100.0 ( X) (x) 6 000,0 7 

- - - (X) - 33.3 66.7 -25.0 50.0 - 22.2 50.0 -18.2 66.7 - (x) - -100.0 - - (X) - -100.0 - - - - - - -

145 

(X) 

(X) -

-

- 326.3 

747.4 

~X) X) 

(X) 

935.7 

500.0 

500.0 

100.0 (X) 

105.6 

83.3 

(X) 

(X) 

- 687.0 

268.2 

000.0 

700.0 (X) 

150.0 

150.0 

-

-

-

IOaea for .nunicipalicies, and the local governmenes toeals which include municipal data, arc eseimates subject to sampling variation; daea for coUnties (boroughs, parishes) are 

based on a canvass of all count.y governments and therefore are not subject to sampling variation; see text for data limitations. Payroll amounes are in thousands of dollars. 
Appendix 1 

Definitions of terms 

Following is a glossary of terms, concepts, and categories used in this report 

and comments concerning their limitations. 

The definitions are those applied in 

the field compilation of data for the 

50 States, 349 largest counties, and 

415 largest cities. These definitions 

were necessarily summarized for inclusion in the survey questionnaires 

(see appendix 2) sent to governments 

in the mail portion of the survey. 

Government expenditure 

Expenditure is all amounts of money 

paid out (net of any correcting transactions) other than for retirement of 

debt (including interest), investment 

in securities, extensions of loans, or 

agency transactions. It includes only 

external cash payments and excludes 

any intragovernmental transfers and 

noncash transactions, such as the provision of meals or housing of employees. 

It also includes any payments financed 

from borrowing, fund balances, intergovernmental revenue, and other 

current revenue. In several instances, 

two or more governments share the 

expense of maintaining a court or 

a justice agency. In these cases, the 

allocable direct expenditure amount 

is reported for each government in the 

appropriate category. When a government pays pensions directly to retired 

employees from appropriated funds, 

such payments are included as expenditure of the government concerned. 

However, State and local government 

contributions to retirement systems and 

various other employee benefits are 

not included in expenditure data, since 

the majority of governments make 

lump-sum contributions to plans covering all government employees and 

cannot report for justice employees 

separately. Neither in government's 

basic accounting records (from which 

criminal justice expenditure figures 

are drawn) nor in the records of their 

general-coverage employee benefit 

systems is there usually any breakdown 

of amounts contributed in terms of the 

various agencies or functions involved. 

Nor has an adequate procedure for 

calculating the proportion of such contributions allocable to justice employees 

been developed because of the wide 

variation in the coverage of various 

plans, employee status requirements, 

benefit rates, etc. 

For those governments whose 

records reflect contribu tions of justice 

employees separately, separate data 

were obtained. However, these data 

are subject to the same variation referred to above, and neither the amount 

nor the quality of the data reported 

would permit any attempt to estimate 

total contributions for all similar 

governments in a given State. Given the 

problems involved, no estimation procedure seems feasible. Such data as were 

reported separately were therefore excluded from total criminal justice 

expenditures to provide a consistent 

data base for administering the "variable 

pass-through" requirement. 

Expenditure is divided into two 

major categories by character: 

1. Direct expenditure is all expenditure except that classed as intergovernmental and is further divided into 

two principal object categories: 

a. Direct current, which includes salaries, wages, fees, and commissions, purchase of supplies, materials, 

and contractual services. 

b. Capital outlay, which includes expenditure for the three subcategories below: 

Construction: Production of 

fixed works and structures, and additions, , replacements and major alterations thereto undertaken either on a 

contract basis by private contractors or 

through force account construction by 

the employees of the government. 

Included are the planning and designing 

of specific projects, the grading, landscaping, and other site improvement, 

and provision of equipment and facilities 

that are integral parts of the structure. 

Equipment: Purchase and 

installation of apparatus, furnishings, 

office equipment, motor vehicles and 

the like having an expected life of more 

than 5 years. This inclUdes both additional equipment and replacements. 

Rentals for equipment, including rental 

payments that may be credited on the 

purchase price if purchase options are 

exercised, are classified as direct current 

expenditure. Equipment and facilities 

that are integral parts of constructed or 

purchased structures are classified 

respectively under construction or 

purchase of land and existing structures. 

Purchase of land and existing 

structures: Purchase of these assets as 

such, purchase of rights-of-way, and 

title search and similar activities associated with purchase transactions. 

The other object categories-interest 

on general debt, assistance and su bsidies, 

and insurance benefits-are not applied 

to specific functions because they are 

not ordinarily available on a functional 

basis from government financial reports. 

In the few instances where bonded or 

mortgaged general indebtedness is 

identified for specific purposes, the 

interest payments are aggregated with 

other interest expenditures which make 

it virtually impossible to arrive at 

reliable and consistent breakou ts of 

such data over a long period of time. 

2. Intergovernmental expenditure 

is payments from one general purpose 

government to another, including grantsin-aid, shared revenues, payments in 

lieu of taxes, and amounts for services 

performed by one government for 

another on a reimbursable or costsharing basis (for example, payments 

by one government to another for 

boarding prisoners). 

Total expenditure is direct and 

intergovernmental expenditure of a 

government or level of government for 

justice activities. 

Total general expenditure is all 

expenditure of a government or level 

of government for all government 

functions, including justice activities, 

bu t exclu ding utility system expenditure, liquor store expenditure, and 

insurance trust expenditure. Total 

general expenditure shown for the 

local level of government includes expenditure only of general purpose 

governments, and excludes expenditure 

of special districts and school districts. 

147 
Government employment 

Employees includes all persons paid 

for personal services performed, including all paid officials and persons in 

paid leave status, and excludes unpaid 

officials, persons on unpaid leave, 

pensioners and contractors. Under this 

definition are two classes: 

1. Full-time employees, who are 

all persons employed during the pay 

period including October 15, 1979, on 

a full-time basis, including all full-time 

temporary or seasonal workers employed during this pay period, as well 

as persons having permanent status. 

2. Part-time employees, who are 

persons employed during the pay 

period including October 15,1979, on a 

basis other than full-time, and persons 

paid by more than one government. 

Derived from these two classes is: 

Full-time equivalent employees, 

which means the total number of employees, discounted by applying average 

full-time earning rates. This is calculated 

by dividing the total payroll (full-time 

plus part-time) by the full-time payroll 

and multiplying the results by the 

number of full-time employees, where 

both full-time and part-time employees 

and payroll are reported. Where only 

part-time employees and payroll are 

reported, full-time equivalent employees are calculated by dividing the 

total part-time payroll by the average 

full-time salary for the particular justice 

sector and type of government. Average 

full-time salary is calculated by dividing 

the full-time payroll by the number of 

full-time employees for the particular 

justice sector and type of government. 

Payroll is the gross payroll before 

deductions and includes salaries, wages, 

fees and commissions paid to employees 

as defined above for the month of 

October 1979. 

148 

Governmental functions 

Police protection is the function of 

enforcing the law, preserving order, 

and apprehending those who violate 

the law, whether these activities are 

performed by a police department, a 

sheriff's department, or a special police 

force maintained by an agency whose 

prime responsibility is outside the 

justice system, but which has a police 

force to perform these activities in its 

specialized area (geographic or functional). 

Included in this activity are regular 

police services, the maintenance of 

buildings used for police purposes, and 

such specialized police forces (including 

public and private contract forces) as 

airport police, free and toll highway 

police, free and toll bridge and tunnel 

police, housing police, maritime police, 

park police, transit and other utility 

system police, college and university 

campus police, and alcholic beverage 

control agents. Coroners and medical 

examiners are also included. Excluded 

are vehicular inspection and licensing, 

traffic safety and engineering, fish and 

game wardens, fire marshals, and the 

like. 

The special police forces included 

in the data are only those which are 

part of general purpose governments. 

Security forces, building guards, school 

crossing guards, and meter maids 

without general arrest power were excluded. Those special police forces that 

are part of independent school districts 

or special districts are not included 

in the data, inasmuch as these districts 

are not general purpose governments. 

In most States, sheriffs' departments 

are multifunctional agencies providing 

police protection, judicial, and/or correctional services. In orlier to allocate 

expenditure and employment data to 

the proper activity, the data for sheriffs' 

departments are prorated using factors 

developed from a special survey of 

sheriffs' departments conducted in 

1973, or more current estimates of 

manpower distribution if available. 

Short-term custody and detention 

are considered part of the police 

protection function. Data for institutions with authority to hold prisoners 

48 hours or more are included in the 

"corrections" sector. Data for lockups 

or "tanks" holding prisoners less than 

48 hours are included in tL~ "police 

protection" sector. 

Judicial activities encompass all civil 

and criminal courts and activities associated with courts such as law libraries, 

grand juries, petit juries, and the like. 

Since the names of courts with similar 

functions and legal jurisdiction vary 

from State to State and even within 

States, data have been categorized by 

types of court rather than by court 

name. 

1. Appellate courts include courts 

of last resort and intermediate appellate 

courts. These are courts having jurisdiction of appeal and review, with 

original jurisdiction conferred only in 

special cases. 

2. Courts of general jurisdiction 

are trial courts having unlimited original 

jurisdiction in civil and/or criminal 

cases, the names of which vary considerably. In many States, statutes 

either require or permit local governments to supplement the salary of 

State-pai.d judges of general jurisdiction 

r.ourts. These judges were counted as 

purt-time employees at both the State 

and local levels when actually receiving 

a check from both governments. 

3. Courts of limited jurisdiction 

are courts whose legal jurisdiction 

covers only a particular class of cases or 

cases where the amount in controversy 

is below a prescribed sum or is subject 

to specific exceptions. Included under 

this category are probate courts, juvenile courts and other courts of limited 

jurisdiction. 

4. Miscellaneous judicial includes 

data on judicial activities that could 

not be reported under any of the above 

court categories, such as judicial 

councils and conferences, court administration offices (where identifiable), 

law libraries, jury commissions, and 

grand juries. 
Legal services and prosecution includes the civil and criminal justice 

activities of the attorneys general, 

district attorneys, State's attorneys, 

and their variously names equivalents; 

corporation counsels, solicitors, and 

legal departments with various names. 

It includes providing legal advice to the 

chief executives and subordinate departmental officers, representation of 

the government in lawsuits, and the 

prosecution of accused violators of 

criminal law. These activities are included whether performed by one 

office or several, because in some 

jurisdictions a single officer provides 

all legal services, whereas in others a 

prosecutor's office handles only 

criminal matters, and a separate 

attorney's office performs all civil 

legal services. The operations of 

various investigative agencies having 

full arrest powers and attached to 

offices of attorneys general, district 

attorneys, or their variously named 

equivalents are also included. 

Public defense includes legal counsel 

and representation in either criminal or 

civil proceedings as provided by public 

defenders, and other government programs that pay the fees of courtappointed counsel. These include courtpaid fees to individually retained 

counsel, fees paid by the court to 

court-appointed counsel, government 

contributions to private legal aid societies and bar association-sponsored 

programs, and the activities of an 

established public defender office or 

program. Employment data are included 

only for pu blic defenders' offices, 

because fee-paid counselors are not 

considered government employees, nor 

are counselors working for bar associations or legal aid societies. 

Corrections is that function of government involving the confinement and 

rehabilitation of adults and juveniles 

convicted of offenses against the law 

and the confinement of persons 

suspected of a crime and awaiting 

adjudication. Data for institutions with 

authority to hold prisoners 48 hours or 

more are included in this sector. Data 

for lockups or "tanks" holding prisoners 

less than 48 hours are included in 

"Police Protection." Correction includes 

the operation of prisons, reformatories, 

jailS, houses of correction, and other 

institutions. It also includes institutions, 

facilities and programs exclusively for 

the confinement of the criminally insane 

or for the examination, evaluation, 

classification, and assignment of inmates 

and institutions and programs for the 

confinement, treatment, and rehabilitation of drug addicts and alcoholics if the 

institution or program is administered 

by a correction agency of the criminal 

justice system. Pardon boards and 

parole and probation agencies, including 

resettlement or halfway houses for 

those not in need of institutionalization, 

are included in the correction sector as a 

separa te su bca tegory. 

1. Correctional institutions are 

prisons, reformatories, jails, houses of 

correction, penitentiaries, correctional 

farms, workhouses, reception centers, 

diagnostic centers, industrial schools, 

training schools, detention centers, and 

a variety of other types of institu tions 

for the confinement and correction of 

convicted adults or juveniles adjudicated 

delinquent or in need of supervision, 

and for the detention of those adults 

and jUveniles accused of a crime and 

awaiting trial or hearing. When an institution maintains a prison industry or 

agricultural program, data on the cost 

of production or the value of prison 

labor used by agencies of the same 

government, if identifiable, are excluded (and classed as expenditure for 

the function using the product or 

services). Expenditure for the manufacture, production, sale, and distribution of goods produced for sale or use 

outside the government are included 

under this heading. 

a. Institutions for men includes 

identifiable expenditure and employment data for institutions exclusively 

for adult male offenders. 

b. Institu<tions for women includes identifiable expenditure and 

employment. data for institutions exclusively for adult female offenders. 

Where there is no separate women's 

prison, women offenders are either 

maintained in a prison complex that 

also houses other offenders or are 

boarded in private facilities or institutions in another State. No attempt was 

made to prorate data on institu tions 

housing more than one type of inmate, 

but where females are boarded in 

private institutions or in another State, 

available expenditure data were 

tabulated. Employment data were not 

tabulated because the personnel were 

employees of another government. 

c. Institutions for juveniles are 

I those institu tions identified by the 1975 

Juvenile Detention and Correction 

Facility Census as housing primarily 

juveniles and in some States, "youthful 

offenders." These institutions include 

those under the control of a juvenile 

court, a probation department, or a 

youth authority or other similarly 

designated administrative body, as 

well as independently administered 

institutions. Also included are government payments to private agencies 

for the detention or treatment of 

delinquent juveniles. 

There is considerable variation from 

State to State in the legal definition 

of a juvenile, particularly in regard to 

the age at which a person is no lQnger 

considered a juvenile. Institutions for 

juveniles have been classified individually in accordance with the laws 

and age designations of their respective 

States. 

d. Other and combined institutions are those institu tions holding a 

com bination of inmates. Where expenditure or employment data for 

physically separate institutions for 

juveniles, adult females, and adult males 

were not separable by institution or 

type of institution, the entire amounts 

were included under this category. 

2. Correctional administration 

consists of data for the overall administration of the correctional system, 

including data on the central administrative office (for example, the department of corrections or a youth 

authOlity). Data on the administration 

of individual correctional institu tions or 

probation/parole/pardon agencies are 

included in the appropriate su bcategory 

if it was possible to deduct them. 

149 
3. Probation, parole, and pardon 

includes data on probation agencies, 

boards of parole, boards of pardon, 

and their variously named equivalents. 

Although probation agencies frequently 

function under the administration of 

the general jurisdiction court, the data 

are presented separately under corrections after having been deducted from 

the judicial data, because of the correctional nature of the probation function. 

If the probation, parole, and pardon 

activities, or any of them individually, 

were part of the correctional administrative office, data were deducted 

where possible and shown separately 

here, and the balance was shown under 

the correctional administration category. The overlapping character of 

probation, parole, and pardon activities 

prevented any further breakdown of 

these data. 

4. Miscellaneous correction includes expenditure and employment 

data that could not be classified under 

one of the other subcategories. 

Other criminal justice activities, 

shown in some tables, includes expenditure or employment data that are not 

elsewhere classified, that cut across 

more than one category, or that are not 

allocable to separate categories; e.g., 

expenditure on a general curriculum in 

educational institutions, the operation 

of State criminal justice agencies, crime 

commissions, etc. Such data are included in the totals, where they are 

not shown separately. 

150 

160 
Appendix 2 

Survey forms 

Form CJ-6 Survey of Expenditure and 

Employment for Civil and Criminal 

Justice Activities of Local Governments 

This form was mailed to the chief 

finan.cial offictlr of the counties and 

municipalities surveyed. 

Form CJ-6D Survey of Expenditure 

and Employment for Civil and Criminal Justice Activities of Local Governments (Fee-Supported Offices) 

This form was mailed to the feesupported offices of Sheriff and/or 

Clerk of Court in the States of Kentucky and Louisiana. Data for these feesupported offices were incorporated in 

the appropriate criminal justice function 

data for the county where located. 

Fo,rm CJ-23 Survey of Expenditure and 

Employment for Selected Special 

Police Forces 

This form was mailed to special 

police forces serving colleges and universities, special districts, and independent school districts. Data for 

college and university forces were incorporated in the police protection 

data for the parent government. Data 

for special police forces serving independent school districts or special 

districts were not included in the regular 

police protection data, inasmuch as 

these districts are not general purpose 

governments. 

Form CJ-2S Survey of Expenditure and 

Employment for Civil and Criminal 

Justice Activities of the Federal 

Government 

This form was mailed to the chief 

financial or administrative officer of 

individual Federal agencies, bureaus, 

and offices identified as part of the 

criminal justice system. A list of the 

units canvassed in the survey for this 

year is presented in tables 4 and 5. 

151 
152 APPENDIX 2-Continued 

Form ApproVed; O.M.B. No. 43·R0586 

FORM CJ·6 U.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE III .. U~"BOJ BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

IMPORTANT - PLEASE READ SURVEY OF EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT FOR CIVIL AND 

Please read the definitions on page 3 pnd the 

enclosed supplemental ins Iructions before 

completing the questionnaire. 

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 

In correspondence pertaining to this report, please reler 

to the Identification number above your address 

If you would like to receive a free copy of the 

current report, Expenditure and Employment 

Data for the Criminal Justice System 1979, or 

wish to order other LEAA reports, complete 

and return the enclosed mailer. 

RETURN~ Bureau of the Census 

1201 East Tenth Street 

Jeffersonville, Indiana 47132 

FROM THE DIRECTOR 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

(Please correcl any error In name ana address Including ZIP code) 

On behalf of the Bureau of justice Statistics, U.S. Department of justice, the Buoeau of the 

Census annually collects public expenditure and employment data for six criminal justice 

functions: police protection, judicial, legal services and prosecution, public defense, corrections, 

and other criminal justice. Your cooperation in completing this year's questionnaire will 

be appreciated. 

The data collected in this survey are used by the Department of justice in implementing and 

administering the formula grant programs of the omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 

1968 as amended. The data are published annually in a report entitled Expenditure and Employment 

Data for the Criminal Justice System. 

If there are any items on thiS questionnaire for which the answer cannot be obtained from available 

records, reasonable estimates are requested. Please indicate such estimates with an asterisk (*). 

The duplicate copy of this questionnaire is for your fi les. The addressed copy should be returned, 

preferably Within 3 weeks, in the enclosed preaddressed envelope. If you have any problems in 

completing this questionnaire, please call collect for assistance on (301) 763-7825 or 

(301) 763-2843. 

This report is authorized by the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended 

(42 USC 3701). While you are not legally required to respond, your participation is neede"d to make 

the results of this survey comprehensive, accurate, and timely. 

Sincerely, 

VINCENT P. BARABBA 

Enclosures 
APPENDIX 2-Continued 153 

~ Part 1 - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL ~ Part II - EXPENDITURE 

Enter employment and payroll data for your Mark (X) appropriate box to indicate your government's fiscal year (l2-month government's one pay period which included 

October IS, 1980. accounting period) and reporl data for Ulis period only, even through a more 

Do NOT report ANNUAL payroll data. recent one may be available. 

Count each employee only once - in the OJuly 1979-June 1980 OJan. 1979-Dec. 1979 activity where that person works the largest 

part of the time. 

PAY PERIOD INTERVAL o June 1979-May 1980 o Dec. 1978-Nov. 1979 

Mark(X) appropriate box to Indicate the pay period 

CIVIL Interval for which all or most of the employees are o May 1979-Aprll 1980 o Nov. 1978-0ct. 1979 

AND paid. Report for both full-and part-time employees. 

CRIMINAL JUSTICE FULL-TIME PART-TIME o April 1979-March 1980 o Oct. 1978-Sept. 1979 EMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES ACTIVITIES I o Monthly I o Monthly o March 1979-Feb. 1980 o Sept. 1978-Aug. 1979 

(Please review activities below 20 Twice a month 20 Twice a month 

and reler fa supplemenfal 3 0 Every 2 weeks 3 0 Every 2 weeks o Feb. 1979-Jan. 1980 o Aug. 1978-July 1979 

Insfructlons prior to completing 4 o Weekly 40Weekly 

fhis questionnaire) s [] Other - Spec"!! sOOther - Specl'X) CURRENT CAPITAL OUTLAY mTERGOVERNMENTAL GOVERNMENT OPERATION EXPENDITURE CONTRI BUTIONS 

Gross payroll Gross payroll Annual salaries FOR EMPLOYEE 

BENEFITS amount (for amount (for and all current Annual expenditures for equipment, Annual the one pay the one pay operating ex- construction, and land Annual FICA, PERS, 

Number period which Number period which penses.Exclude payments payments to insurance, workof included of InclUded employer can- to cities, the State men' 5 comp., etc. 

employees October IS, employees October IS, trlbutions for counties, government Exclude employee 

1980) 1980) employee bene- !:iiu i:()wns contributions. 

(Omit cenrs) (Omit cents) fits and enter Equipment Construction Land 

In column (11) 

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (II) 

1_ POLICE PROTECTION - All police 

activities, including special police 

force units. I nelude also coroners and 

medical examiners. Excludo jails 

holding adults or juveniles beyond 

arralgament (usually more than 48 

hours) and report under "Corrections." 

Exclude a(so school crossing guards. 

a. Total personnel (linos b plus c) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 

b. Sworn police personnel only (i.e., 

having general power to arrest) $ $ 

c. Non-sworn police personnel only (i.e., 

support personnel who do not have 

general arrest power) $ $ 

2. JUDICIAL - All civil and criminal courts 

and court-related activities. Include: 

Judges and staff (IJW clerks, 

court reporters, etc.) 

Clerk of Court and staff 

Other current operating expenditure 

(e.g., Jury fees, law library, etc.) $ $ 

Exclude probation and parole and report 

under "Corrections." 

3. LEGAL SERVICES 'AND PROSECUTION 

Prosecuting attorneys' offices, legal 

departments, and all attorneys providing 

legal services for your government. 

Include: 

Prosecutor and staff 

Legal Advisor and staff 

Attorneys on retainer or fees 

All other legal expenses $ $ 

Include annual retainers and/or fees 

paid to private attorneys flaw firms 

In column (5) only. Do not include 

a$ employees. 

14. PUBLIC OEFENSE - Public defenders' 

offices. Include fees paid to courtappointed counsel and contributions to 

private legal aid societies In column (5) 

only. Do not include court-appointed 

private attorneys as employees. $ S 

5. CORRECTIONS 

a. Total (lines b,c, and d) $ $ 

b. Jails., prisons, reformatories, detention homes, halfway houses, and the 

like, holding adults or juveniles beyond arraignment (usually for more 

than 48 hours). Exclude institutions 

soilly for dependent or neglected 

children. $ $ 

c. Probation and parole agencies and programs. Include probation and parole 

programs administered by the courts. $ $ 

. -
154 APPENDIX 2-Continued 

d. Other corrections Including nonresl- . 

dential treatment programs for adults 

and juveniles. tncludo alcohol and 

narcotic addiction programs only If administered by the correctional authority • $ $ 

• OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE - Other 

criminal justice activities (e.g., crime 

counCilS, criminal justice planning 

agencies) not reported above. Please 

/I·st each activity separately In the 

spaces provIded below. $ $ 

~ Part III - INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE - Enter all revenue received Irom other governmen.ts lor civil and crimInal 

fllstlce activities during the fiscal year marked above. 

Item A - Direct revenue received from Ute Federal Item B - Revenue received from the State government Item C - Revenue received from oUter local gov~mments 

Government for Ute above activities for Ule above activities for tile above activities 

Enter only reVenue received directly from the Federal Enter amounts irom the Federal Government received through Enter amounts irom the Federal or State governments Government. Do not enter amounts from the Federal the St.te or any oi Its departments or agencies ana amounts recelvod through other local governmonts; and amounts Government received through the State or any oi Its received trom State-funded programs; also include reimburse· recel.ed from other local governments as reimbursement departmants or agencies. ments by the State ior Justice services or actiVIties provided ior criminal justice services or activities provided by 

by your government to the State by law or under contract. your government to other local governments by law or 

1. Genoral revenue used for criminal under contract. Do not report CETA iunds here but 

justico purpose. only under item A,lb. 

a. General revenue sharing IAnti· 

recession aid (only that portion EXAMPLE: Payments received irom another county, city, used for justice purposes) ••••• $ 1. LEAA block action and planning or town ior poilce serVices rendered (such as patrol). 

grants passed through the State 

b. CETA iunds used for criminal government ••••••••••••••••• $ 

justice purposes ••.•••••••• $ 2. Other Federal criminal justice revenue passed through the 

c. TOTAL (add lines a and b) •••• $ State government ••••••••.•••• $ 

2. Amounts received specifically ior 

criminal Justice purposes 3. State·iunded criminal justice (I.e., II dedicated" revenues) program grants ••••••••••••••• S 

•• LEAA discretionary grants •••• S 4. Relmbursaments received irom the 1. Reimbursements received irom 

State government for criminal other local governments ior 

b. Reimbursements received irom the justice serVices rendered by your Justice services rendered 

Federal Government for criminal government ••••••••••••••••• $ by your government. ••••••••••• $ 

justice services rendered by your 5. Other jus lice grants - SpeclIV government, e.g., boarding oi 2. Other - SpeclfW 

Federal prisoners ••.••••••• S 

c. Other "dedicated" revenues used S $ 

for criminal justice purposes (e.g. 

Alcohol Saiety Ac\ Program 

(ASAP) - specifY..:' 

$ $ 

$ 

d. TOTAL (add lines a, b, and c) $ 6. TOTAL " $ 3. TOTAL ... $ 

-.. 

OTHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTIVITIES - List activities InCluded on /lne 6 above. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Name Position 

Oata 

supplied OffiCial address (Number and streer, city, State, ZIP code) Telephone 

by Area code I Number I ExtenSion 

CERTIFICATION - This lepoit IS subslantlally accurate and has been prepared In accoidance With Instructions. 

Signature oi financial officer Title and organization rate 

FORM CJ-o 111·13-aOI Page 2 
APPENDIX 2-Continued 

DEFINITIONS FOR COMPLETING PARTS I AND II, COLUMNS (1) THROUGH (11) 

~ Part I - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL 

EMPLOYEES - All persons paid by your government for services performed, includ· 

ing all paid officials, salaried workers, other persons in paid leave status and persons 

employed by your government under emergency or supplemental programs, e.g., 

Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), anti·recession aid, etc. 

Exclude unpaid officials, persons on unpaid leave, pensioners, contractors and their 

employees, and persons paid entirely by another government for services performed 

for your government. 

Full·time employees, column (1) - Persons employed on a full·time basis during the 

one pay period which included October 15, 1980. Include all full·time temporary 

or seasonal workers employed during this pay period. 

Part·time employees, column (3) - Persons employed on a pan·time basis during the 

one pay period which included October 15, 1980. Include here all persons working 

for your government who received part of their pay from another government (e.g., 

with supplemental check). 

PAYROLL, columns (2) and (4) - Gross payroll before dp,ductions, including salaries, 

wages, fees, or commissions earned during the one Day period which included 

October 15,1980, by employees as defined above. If some employees are paid on a 

basis different from the predominant pay period, please include amounts for them 

on an adjusted basis. 

~ Part II - EXPENDITURE 

FORM CJ-CS (11.13-801 

CURRENT OPERATIONS, column (5) - Annual expenditure for salaries and wages 

of your government's officers and employees, inclUding overtime, termination, and 

retroactive pay; and for the purchase of suppl ies, materials, and contractual services 

from individuals and firms in the private sector, e.g., attorney retainers or fees to 

court·appointed counsel, and any other current operating expenditure. 

ExcludE! capital outlay and report in columns (6), (7), and (8) - Also exclude ex· 

penditures for debt retirement, securities investment, loan extensions, and within· 

government transactions. Exclude employer contributions for employee benefits 

and report in column (9). 

CAPITAL OUTLAY, columns (6), (7), and (8) - Direct ~xpenditure for contract 

or force account construction of buildings and other fixed improvements, and for 

the purchase of equipment, land, and existing structures. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE - All money paid to other governments 

a~ fiscal aid or payment for services rendered, or for contracts or compacts with 

another government (e.g., purchase of police services or care and boarding of prisoners 

in another government's jail). Exclude money paid to another government for the 

purchase of commodities, property or utility services, any taxes imposed and paid 

as such, and contributions for social insurance. 

Payments to cities, counties, and towns, column (9) - Exclude payments to special 

purpose governments such as special districts or independent school districts. 

Payments to the State yovernment, column (10) - Payments of your government to 

the State government or any of its departments or agencies. 

GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTIONS FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS, column(11) 

Any employer contributions, readily separable by activity, to the Federal Social 

Security program. State and local retirement systems, commercial or mutual life 

insurance plans, workmen's compensation funds; and premiums paid by your govern· 

ment for health, hospital, disability, and other insurance programs. Exclude payments 

made directly to individuals and contributions made by employees to any of the 

above programs. 

Page 3 

155 
156 

IMPORTANT - PLEASE READ 

P lease read the def mltlons on page 2 and lhe 

enclosed supplemenlallnstrucllOns before com· 

pletlng the questionnaire. 

If you would like to receive a frep. copy of the 

current report, Expenditure and Emptoyment 

Data for the Criminal Justice System 1977. or if you wish to older other l EAA reports, 

complete and return the enclosed mailer, 

which requires no postage. 

1 Bureau of the Census 

RETURN TO 1201 East Tenth Street 

Jeffersonville, tndiana 47132 

FROM THE DIRECTOR 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

APPENDIX 2-Continued 

1'0 RM CJ·6D 

Form Approved: O.M.B. No. 43-R0586 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CE'~SUS 

SURVEY OF EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT FOR CIVIL AND 

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 

(FEE·SUPPORTED OFFICES) 

In correspondence pertaining to thl« ,eport. please refer 

to the Identification number above your address 

rPlease correct any error in name and address Including ZIP code) 

On behalf of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. the 

Bureau of the Census annually collects public expenditure and employment data for various criminal justice activities. Since the fee-supported offices of Sheriff and Clerk of Court are Included 

as part of the civil and criminal justice system, we will appreciate your cooperation in again providing information for three of these activities as they apply to your office: police protection, 

judicial. and corrections. 

The data collected in this survey are used by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration in 

implementing and administering the formula grant programs of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 

Streets Act of 1968 as amended. The data are published annually in a report entitled Expenditure 

and Employment Data for the Criminal Justice System. 

If your office has converted from a fee-supported to a county or State-supported office, please 

follow the instructions at the top of page 2 of this questionnaire. 

If there are any items on this questionnaire for Which the answer cannot be obtained from avai lable 

rec~ds, reasonable estimates are requested. Please indicate such estimates with an asterisk (*). 

The duplicate copy of this questionnaire is for your files. The addressed copy should be returned, 

preferably within 3 weeks, in the enclosed preaddressed envelope. If you have any problems in 

completing this questionnaire, please call collect for assistaqce on (301) 763-7825 or (301) 763-2843. 

This report is authorized by the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended 

(42 USC 3701). While YOll are not legally required to respond, your participation is needed to make 

the results of this survey comprehensive, accurate. and timely. 

Sincerely, 

VINCENT P BARABBA 

Enclosures 
APPENDIX 2-Continued 

DEFINITIONS FOR COMPLETING PARTS I and II, COLUMNS (I) THROUGH (9) 

~Partl - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL 

o EMPLOY EES - All persons paid by your government for personal services performed, 

including all paid officials, salaried workers, other persons in paid leave status 

and persons employed by your government under emergency or supplemental programs, 

e.g., Comprehensive Expenditure and Training Act (CETA), anti·recession aid, etc. 

Exclude unpaid officials, persons on unpaid leave, pensioners, contractors and their 

employees, and persons paid entirely by another government for services performed 

for your government. 

Full·tlme employee., column (1) - Persons employed on a full·time basis during 

the one pay period which included October IS, 1979. Include all full·time 

temporary or seasonal workers employed during this pay period. 

Part·tlme employee., column (3) - Persons employed on a part· time basis during 

the one pay period which Included October IS, 1979. Include here ail persons 

working for your government who received part of their pay from another govern· 

ment (e.g., with supplemental check). 

oPAYROLL, column. (2) and (4) - Gros's payroll before deductions, Including 

salaries, wages, fees. or commissions earned during the one pay period which 

included October IS, 1979, by employees as defined abcve. If some employees 

are paid on a basis different from the predominant pay period. please include 

amounts for them on an adjusted basis. 

~P3ftll - EXPENDITURE 

o CURRENT OPERATIONS, column (5) - Annual expenditure for salaries and wages 

of your government's officers and employees, including overtime, termination, and 

retroactive pay; and for the purchase of suppiles, materials, and contractual services 

from individuals and firms in the private sector, e.g., attorney retainers or fees to 

court·appointed counsel and any ot~er current operating expenditure. 

.. Part II - EXPENDITURE:" Continued 

EXCLUDE capital outlay and report In column (6). Also exclude expenditures 

for debt retirement, securities investment, loan extensions, and wil:,in·government transactions. Exclude employer contributions for employee benefits and report in column (9). 

., CAPITAL OUTLAY, column (6) - Direct expenditure for contract or force account 

construction of buildings and other fixed Improvements, and for the purchase of 

equipment, land, and eXisting structures. 

o INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE - All money paid to other governments 

as fiscal aid or payment for services rendered, or for contracts or compacts with 

another government (e.g., purchase of police serYIces or care and boarding of 

prisoners, in another governmenl's jail). Exclude money paid to another government 

for the purchase of commodities, property or utility services, any taxes Imposed and paid as such, and contributions for social Insurance. 

Payments to counties, cities, and towns, column (7) - Payments of your govern· 

ment to other counties, cities, or towns. Exclude payments to special purpose 

governments such as special districts or independent school districts. 

Payments to the State government, column (8) - Payments of your government 

to the State government or any of its departments or agencies. 

OGOVERNMENT CONDITIONS FOR EMPJ..OYEE BENEFITS, COLUMN (9) - Any 

employer contributions, readily separable by activity, to the Federal Social Security 

program, State and local retirement systems, commercial or mutual life insurance 

plans, workmen's compensation funds; and premiums paid by your government for 

health, hospital, disability, and other insurance programs. Exclude payments made 

directly to individuals and contribUtions made by employees to any of the above programs. 

> Before completing parts I through III below, please complete the following question, 

Regardless of your answer to this question please complete the rest of the questionnaire. 

Is your office a fee·supported office now? That is, a. Will your office convert from a fee-supported I Enter date 

is it financed and staffed in whole or in part by ./ to a county or State· supported office on or 0 Ves -- i 

157 

fees collected and retained? /' before June 30, 1980? C No I []Ves-Answera ______________ -J· r-~~~~~~~~~--------------------~~~----------~I-E-n-te-r-d-B-te--------------~ 

0 No _ Answer b • b. When did your office convert from a fee.supported : 

CJ Never was a fee office to a county or State'supported office? I 

CIVIL 

AND 

CRIMINAL JUSTICE 

ACTIVITIES 

(Pleue revIew actIvities below 

and refor 10 supplemental Ins/ructIons 

prIor to complellng thIs quutlonnalro) 

1. POLICE PROTECTION - All police 

activities, Including special police force 

units. Include also corOners and medical 

examiners, Exclude jails holding adults 

or juveniles beyond arraignment (usually 

more than 48 hours) and report under 

"Corrections. II EXClude also school 

crossing guards, 

a, Total personnal (lines b plu. c) 

b. Sworn police personnel only (i.e., hav· 

ing general power to arrest) 

c. Non·sworn police personnel only (i.e., 

support personnel who do not have 

general arrest power) 

~ Part I - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL ~. Part II - EXPENDITURE 

Enter employment and payroll data for your government's 

one pay period which included October IS, 1979. 

Do NOT report ANNUAL payroll data. 

Count each employee only once - in the activity where 

that person works the largest part of the time. 

PAY PERIOD INTERVAL 

Mark one box to indicate the pay period interval for which 

all or most of the employees are paid. Report for both 

full· and part-time employees 

FULL·TIME EMPLOYEES 

1 [] Monthly 

2 [J Twice a month 

3 [J Every 2 weeks 

4 [] Weekly 

sOOther - specifll 

Number of 

fuli·time 

employees 

(1) 

Gross payroll amount (for the 

one pay period 

which included 

~:ictober IS, 1979) 

(Omit cents) 

(2) 

PART·TIME EMPLOYEES 

1 [] Monthly 

2 [j Twice a month 

3 0 Every 2 weeks 

4 [jWeekly 

5 C Other - SpeCilj; 

Number of 

part-time 

employees 

(3) 

Gross payroll amount (for the 

one pay period 

which included 

October IS, 1979) 

(Omit cents) 

(4) 

$ 

Mark (X) appropriate box to Indicate your government's Iiscal year (12-month 

accounting period) and report data lor this period only, even though a more 

recent one may be available. 

[: July 1978-June 1979 

[]June 1978-May 1979 

o May 1978-April 1979 

LJ April 1978-March 1979 

o March 1978-Feb_ 1979 

o Feb_ 1978-Jan, 1979 

CURRENT 

OPERATION 

Annual salaries and all current 

operating expenses. 

Exclude employer 

contributions for employee benefits 

and enter in column (9). 

(5) 

CAPITAL 

OUTLAY 

Annual 

expenditures 

for construction, 

eqUipment, 

and land 

(6) 

Lc Jan. 1978-Dec. 1978 

l.J Dec. 1977-Nov. 1978 

U Nov. 1977-0ct, 1978 

o Oct. 1977-Sept. 1978 

o Sept. 1977-Aug, 1978 

[] Aug. 1977-July 1978 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL 

EXPENDITURE 

Annual 

payments Annual 

to cities, payments to 

counties, the State 

and towns government 

(7) (8) 

GOVERNMENT 

CONTRI BUTIONS 

FOR EMPLOYEE 

BENEFITS 

FICA, PERS, 

insurance I work· men's comp •• etc. 

Exclude employee 

contribUtions. 

(9) 
158 APPENDIX 2-Continued 

2. JUDICIAL - All civil and criminal courts 

and court·related activities. Include: 

Judges and staff (law clerks, 

court reporters, etc.) 

Clerk of Court and stat( 

Other current operating expenditure 

(e.g., jury fees, law library, etc.) $ $ 

Exclude probation and parole and 

report under IICorrections." 

--- -.~ ...... " ",,_." .- '._',- --""--' ... - 3. CORRECTIONS 

a. Total (lines b. c. and d) $ $ 

b. Jails, prisons, retormatories. detention 

homes, halfway houses, and the like. holding adults or juveniles beyond 

arraignment (usually tor more than 48 

hours). Exclude institutions sololy for 

dependent or neglected children. $ $ 

c. Probation and parole agencies and 

programs. Include probation and parole 

programs administered by the courts. $ $ 

d. Other corrections Including nomesiden· 

tial treatment programs (or adults and 

juveniles. Include alcohol and narcotic 

addiction programs only if administered 

by the correctional authority. $ $ 

~ Part III - INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE - Entor al/ revenue received from other government. for criminal 

lustlco actiVities during the fiscal yoar marked above. 

Item A - Direct revenue received from the Federal Item B - Revenue received from the State government Item C - Revenue received from other local governments 

Government for the above activities for the above activities for the above activities 

Enter only revenue received directly from the Federal Enter amounts tram the Federal Government received throuih Enter amounts tram the Federal or State governments Government. For example: that portion of General Reyenue the Stato or any 01 lis departmonts or 'Renela. and amounts received through other local governments; and amounts sharing used for criminal justice purposes, not the enhre received from State·funded programs; also Include reimburse· racelved from other 10c.1 ,0.ornllIents as reimbursement entitlement(s). Also Include payments (or CETA, boarding ments by the State for criminal Justice services or activities for criminal Justice services or activities provided by your and feeding of Federal prisoners, Alcohol Safety Action provided by your government to the State by law or under government to other local governments by law or under Programs, etc. Do not enter amounts from the Federal contract. contract. Do not report CETA funds here but only under Government received through the State or any of Its item A, lb. departments or agencies. 

1. G.neral revenue us.d for criminal EXAMPLE: Payments received tram another county, city, Justice purposes or town for police services rendered (such as patrol) • •• General revenue sharing 'Anti' 

recession aid (only that portion 

used for criminal justice purposes) $ 1. LEAA block action and planning 

b. CETA funds used for criminal grants passed through the State 

government ••••••••.••••••••• $ justice purposes •••••••••.. $ 

2. Other Federal criminal justice revenue 

c. TOT A L (add lines a and b) ~ $ passed through the State government •• $ 

2. Amounts received speclflc.lly for 

criminal justice purpose. (I •••• 3. State·tunded criminal justice "dedicated" revenues) program grants •••••••••••••••• $ 

a. LEAA discretionary grants .... $ 4. Reimbursements recei~ed from the 1. ReImbursements recei~ed from other 

Stale government for criminal local governments for criminal 

b. Reimbursements received from the justice sell' Ices rendered by your justice services rendered by 

government •••••••••••••••••• $ your government ••••••••••••••• $ Federal Government for criminal 

justice services rendered by your 5. Other criminal justice grants - z. Other - Specify ~ government, e.g., boarding of SpeCify.;. Federal prisoners •..•.••••. $ 

$ $ c. Other "dedicated" revenues used for criminal justice purposes (e.g., 

Alcohol Safety Act Program 

(ASAP) - Specify)!. $ s S 

d. TOTAL (add lines a. b, and c)-+ $ 6. TOTAL ~ S 3. TOTAL • $ 

Name Posillon 

supplied 

""'~ Official address (Number and sfreer, cily. Sfare, ZIP code) Telephone 

by Area code Number I Extension 

CERTIFICATION - This report is substantially accufate and has been pfepared in accordance with Instruc(lons. 

Signature of financial officer Title and organization Date 

Page 2 
IMPORTANT - PLEASE READ 

Please read the definitions on page 2 and the 

enclosed supplemental instructi ons before com· 

pleting the questionnaire. 

If you would like to receive a free copy of the 

current report, Expenditure and Employment 

Data for the Criminal Justice System 1977, or if you wish to order other L EAA reports, 

complete and return the enclosed mailer, 

which requires no postage. 

RETURN T~ Bureau of the Census 

1201 East Tenth Street 

Jeffersonville, Indiana 47132 

FROM THE DIRECTOR 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

APPENDIX 2-Continued 

FOAM CJ·23 [ 12.·5·79) 

Form Approved' 0 M. B. No 43·R0586 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

SURVEY OF EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT FOR 

SELECTED SPECIAL POLICE FORCES 

In correspondence pertaining to this report, please refer 

to the Identification number above your address 

(Please correct any error In name and address Including ZIP code) 

On behalf of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, the 

Bureau of the Census annually collects expenditure and employment data for selected special 

police forces serving colleges, universities. independent school districts. and special districts. 

Your cooperation in completing this year's questionnaire will be appreciated. 

The data collected in this survey are used by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration 

in implementing and administering the formula grant programs of the Omnibus Crime Control and 

Safe Streets Act of 1968 as amended. The data are published annually in a report entitled 

Expenditure and Employment Data for the Criminal Justice System. 

If there are any items on this questionnaire for which the answer cannot be obtained from availrecords, reasonable estimates are requested. Please indicate such estimates with an asterisk (*). 

The duplicate copy of this questionnaire is for your files. The addre'ssed copy should be returned 

preferably within 3 weeks. in the enclosed preaddressed envelope. If you have any problems 

in completing this questionnaire. please call collect for assistance on (301) 763-7825 or 

(30 I) 763-2843. 

This report is authorized by the Omnibus Crime Contror' and Safe Streets Act of 1968 as amended 

(42 USC 3701). While you are not required to respond. your participation is needed to make the 

results of this survey comprehensive, accurate, and timely. 

Sincere Iy, 

VINCENT P. BARABBA 

Enclosures 

159 
.. Part I - SPECIAL POLICE FORCE 

Does your unit (as described in the address box on the front of the questionnaire) employ directly and/or by 

contract a special police force? A special police force is defined as a group of law enforcement officers with 

general arrest powers, regardless of geographical jurisdiction, other than regular police agencies. Such forces 

usually service a special area or jurisdiction; e.g., campus police, park police, transit police, harbor police, 

airport P9lice. Although a special police force may cooperate with the regular local police force, it is administratively independent. 

DYes - Please complete the questions below 

If applicable, enter here the name of the firm or police 

agency with whom you contract for police services ..•..••..••.....••.•.•.....• 

o No - Please disregard the remainder of thIs questionnaire and return in preaddressed envelope 

'7~ .1/ you contract-exclusiviTlVTo'-police services and haven a officers employed directly by your unit, 

lill out only parts III and IV below. I _ 

.1/ you employ sworn police ollicers directly, fill out parts II, III, and IV below • 

• If you contract lor police services Irom sworn police officers and also employ sworn police ollicers directly, fill out parts II, 

III, and IV. However, do not report payroll lor employees under an outside contract; instead, report only the annual expenditure lor contractual services under either current operations (if the contract is with a private agency) or under intergovernmental 

expenditure (if payment lor pOlice services is made to another government). 

DEFINITIONS FOR COMPLETING PARTS II AND III, COLUMN (1) THROUGH (9) 

• Part II - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL 

• EMPLOYEES - All persons in your special police force unit (officers and other 

employees) paid for personal services perfonned, including all paid officials, 

salaried Workers, and other persons in paid leave status. Exclude unpaid 

officials, persons on unpaid leave, pensioners, contractors and their employees; 

and persons paid entirely by another government for services performed for 

your unit 

Full-time employe.s, calumn (1) _. Persons employed on a full-time basis 

during the one pay period which included October 15, 1979. Include all full-time 

temporary or seasonal workers employed during this pay period. 

Part-time employeGS, column (3) - Persons employed on a part-time basis 

during the one pay period which included October 15, 1979. 

• PAYROLL, columns (2) and (4) - Gross payroll before deductions including 

salaries, wages, feesi or commissions earned during the one pay period whi ch 

included October ',5, 979, bY employees as defined above. If some employees are paid on a basis different from !he predominant pay period, please include amounts for them on an adjusted basis • 

.. Part III - EXPENDITURE 

• CURRENT OPERATIONS, column (5) - Annual expenditures for salaries and 

wages of your unirs officers and employees including overtime, termination, and 

retroactive pay; and for the purchase of supplies, materials, and contractual 

services from individuais and fi",., in the private sector. Exclude all capital 

• Part III - EXPENDITURE - Continued 

outlay and report in column (6). Also exclude expenditures for debt retirement, 

securities investment, loan extensions, and within-government transactions: Ex: 

clude employer contributions for employee benefits and report in column (9). 

• CAPITAL OUTLAY, column (6) - Direct expenditure for contract or force ac- count construction of buildings and other fixed improvements, and for the purchase 

of equipment, land, and existing structures. 

• INTERGOVERNMENTAL EXPENDITURE - All money paid to other governments as fiscal aid, or payment for seevices rendered, or for contracts or compacts with 

another government (e:g:, purchase of police services!'. Exclude money paid to another government for the purchase of commodities, property or utility services, 

any taxes imposed and paid as such, and contributions for social insurance. 

Payments ta counties, cIties, and towns, column (7) - Payments to a county, city, 

town, or any, of their departments or agencies. 

Payments to State government, column (8) - Payments to the State government 

or any of its departments or agencies. 

• CONTRIBUTIONS FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS, calumn (9) - Any employer 

contributions, readily separable for your unit. to the Federal Social Security program, State and local retirement systems, commercj:.I/W mutual life insurance 

plans, workmen's compensation funds; and premi",,"," :-;,id for health, hospital, 

disability, and other insurance programs. Excl~''';;' ,,~YI1'.1'nts made directly to indlvidua Is and contributions made by employees to ,ny of the above programs. 

0> 

o 

» 

"0 

"0 

m 

Z 

o 

X 

J\.) 

I 

(j 

o 

::J 

.... 

::J 

c: 

CD 

a. 
I

r 

··;. f 

, 

I) 

~ 

ii 

~ Part II - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL 

Enter employment and payroll data for your government's 

one pay period which included October 15, 1979. 

Do NOT report ANNUAL payroll data. 

Count each employee only once - in the activity where 

that person works the largest part of the time. 

PAY PERIOD INTERVAL 

CIVIL 

Mark one box to indicate the pay period interval 

for which all or most of the employees zre paid. 

Report for both full· and part·time employees. 

AND FULL·TIME EMPLOVEES PART·TIME EMPLOYEES 

CRIMINAL 

JUSTICE 1 o Monthly 1 o Monthly 

ACTIVITIES 20 Twice a month 2 0 Twice a month 

3 0 Every 2 weeks 3 0 Every 2 weeks 

(Please review activities 40 Weekly 40 Weekly . 

below prIor to completing sOOther - Specifji sOOther - SPec/~ this questionnaire) 

Gross payroll Gross payroll 

Number of amount (for the Number of amount (for the 

full·time one pay period part·time one pay period 

employees which included employees which inc luded 

October 15, 1979) October 15, 1979) 

(Omit cents) (Omit cents) 

(1) (2) (3) (4) 

1. Total (Sum of lines 2 and 3) $ $ 

2. Sworn police personnel only (Le., 

having gllneral power to arrest) $ $ 

3. Non-sworn police personnel only 

(i.e., SUPPORT PERSONNEL who do 

NOT have general arrest power) $ $ 

., Part IV - INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVENUE DIRECT FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 

RECEIVED BY YOUR SPECIAL POLICE FORCE UNIT 

Enter only revenue received directly from the Federal Governrr.ent. For example: that portion of 

CET A funds used for cril!1inal justice purposes, not the entire eniitlemen!; also include boarding 

ar.d feeding of Federal prisoners, Alcohol Satety Action Programs, etc. Do not enter amounts 

from the Federal Govmnment received through the State or any of its departments or agencies. 

FOfiM CJ-2S (12d.U11 Page 2 

.-Part III - EXPENDITURE 

Mark (X) appropriate box to indicate your government's fiscal year (12-month 

accounting period) and report data for this period only, even though a mOle 

recent one may be available. 

o July 1978-June 1979 o Jan. 1978-Dec. 1978 

o June 1978-May 1979 o Dec. 1977-Nov. 1978 

o May 1978-April 1979 o Nov. 1977-0ct. 1978 

o Apri I 1978-March 1979 o Oct. 1977-Sept. 1978 

o March 1978-Feb. 1979 o Sept. 1977-Aug. 1978 

o Feb. 1978-Jan. 1979 o Aug. 1977-July 1978 

GOVERNMENT I CURRENT CAPITAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL 

OPERATION OUTLAY EXPENDITURE CONTRIBUnONS I 

Annual sal aries FOR EMPLOYEE 

BENEFITS and all current Annual Annual operating expenses. expenditures for Annual FICA, PERS, 

Exclude employer payments payments to insurance, work· contributions for construction, to cities, the State men's comp., etc. 

employee benefits equipment, counties, government EXClude employee 

and enter in and land and towns contributions. 

column (9). 

(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 

$ $ $ $ $ 

1. LEAA discretionary grants (not 

oassed through a State agency) •••••.••.••. $ 

2. Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 

(CETA) funds used for criminal justice purposes .• $ 

3. Other direct Federal criminal justice grants - SpeCifY-/. 

S 

4. TOTAL (Sum of lines 1-3) $ 

» 

"0 

"0 

m 

Z 

o 

X 

N 

I 

f] 

:J 

... 

5' 

I:: 

<ll 

a. 

en 

.... 
162 APPENDIX 2-Continued 

This report has been cleared in accordance with 

FPMR 101-11.11 and assigned Interagency report 

control number 107B-OOC-AN. 

FORM CJ-25 11·1 !5-eOI U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

SURVEY OF EXPENDITURE AND EMPLOYMENT FOR CIVIL 

Data supplied by AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 

Name 

Position 

Official address (Number and street. city. 

State. ZIP code) 

Telephone 

Area code IN umber I Extension 

FROM THE DIRECTOR 

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 

RETURN TO ) 

Bureau of the Census 

ATTN: Governments Division 

Washington, D.C. 20233 

On behalf of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration,U.S. Department 

of Justice, the Bureau of the Census annually collects public expenditure and 

employment data for civil and criminal justice activities from agencies of the 

Federal Government and from State and local governments. Your cooperation in 

completing this year's questionnaire on the reverse side of this form will be 

appreciated. The information you enter should be only for the bureau, agency, 

or offi ce in the address block above. 

The data collected in this voluntary survey are used by the Law Enforcement 

Assistance'Administration in implementing and administering the provisions of 

the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 as amended. Federal 

d'ata are used particularly for intergovernmental comparisons and to meet the 

needs of criminal justice planners at all levels of government. The data are 

published annually in a report entitled Expenditure and Employment Data for 

the Criminal Justice System. 

• 

It would be most helpful if we could receive your reply within 3 weeks. A 

preaddressed envelope is enclosed for your conven ience. If you have any 

problems in filling out the questionnaire on the reverse side of this form please 

call for assistance on 763-7825 or 763-2843. 

Sincerely, 

4 

VINCENT P. BARABBA 

Enclosure 

PLEASE COMPLETE QUESTIONNAIRE ON REVERSE SIDE 
APPENDIX 2-Continued 163 

Hart I - EXPENDITURES ~ 

(FOR FISCAL YEAR 1979: OCTOBER 1,1978 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 3D, 1979) 

NOTE - Please enter InformatIon only for the bureau, agency, or office shown in the address box on the Iront of this form. 

II unable to show actual cash dIsbursement, please show total obligations Incurred mInus the sum of unpaid accounts payable and undelivered orders. 

1. What was your total CASH disbursement for CURRENT OPERATIONS; i.e., diree! expenditure for annual salaries 

wages, and expenses of officers and employees; purchase of supplies and materials; and for contractual 

services from other Federal agencies or private organizations? (Do not include government contrIbutions lor 

employees benefits - Report these amounts In Item 5 below.) $ 

2. What was your total CASH disbursement for CAPITAL OUTLAY; i.e., direct expendilure FROM YOUR OWN 

BUDGET for acquisition of land, construction, renovation and repairs of buildings and facilities, and: urchase 

equipment? $ 

3. What was your total INTERGOVERNMENTAL CASH disbursement to all STATE GOVERNMENTS for fiscal 

aid (e.g., grants, including amounts which were "passed through" State governments to local governments) 

or for servi ces rendered? $ 

4. What was your total INTERGOVERNMENTAL CASH disbursement to all LOCAL GOVERNMENTS for fiscal 

aid (e.g., grants) or for services rendered, made DIRECTLY to local governments and NOT "passed through" 

State governments or their departments or agencies? $ 

5. What was your total CONTRIBUTION FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS; i.e., payments made to the Federal Social 

Security program, Federal retirement systems, commercial or mutual life insurance plans, or premiums paid for 

accident and health, hospital, and other insurance programs? (Do not include payments made directly to 

individuals or contributions made by employees for any of the above programs.) $ 

~Part II - EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL .. 

(FOR THE O:IE PAY PERIOD WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER 15, 1979 - NOT ANNUAL DATA) 

NOTE -Please report all employees; executives, managers, operatives, and support personnel. 

temporary employees. 

Also include 

Full·time employees 

1. How many FULL·TIME employees, including sworn personnel, did you have on your payroll ~ming the ONE PAY 

PERIOD WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER 15, 1979? -. 

2. What was the total gross payroll amount for all FULL·TIME employees reported in item 1 for the ONE PAY 

PERIOD WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER IS, 1979? $ 

3. What is the pay period interval which applies to the payroll reported in item 2? CENSUS USE ONLY 

.' 10 Monthly 3D Every 2 weeks 50 Other - spec,,:! 

20 Twice a month 4DWeekly 

Full·time sworn employees 

4. How many FULL·TIME SWORN' employees did you have on your payroll during the ONE PAY PERIOD WHICH 

INCLUDED OCTOBER 15, 1979? (Should be equal to or less than the number reported in item 1.) 

5. What was the total gross payroll amount for all FULL·TIME SWORN* employees reported in item 4 for the ONE 

PAY PERIOD WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER IS, 1979? $ 

6. What is the pay period interval which applies to the payroll reported in item 5? CENSUs USE ONLY 

10 Monthly 3D Every 2 weeks 50 Other - speC/~ 

20 Twice a month 40Weekly 

7. How many PART·TIME employees, including sworn personnel, did you have on your payroll during the 

ONE PAY PEmIJD WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER 15, 1979? 

Part·tlme employees 

8. What was the Iotal gross payroll amount for all PART·TIME EMPLOYEES reported in item 7 for the ONE PAY 

PERIOD WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER 15, 1979? $ 

9. What is the pay period interval which applies to the payroll reported in item 8? CENSUS USE ONLY 

1 o Monthly 3 D Every 2 weeks 5 D other - speCiI~ 

2 D Twice a month 4DWeekly 

Part·time sworn employees 

10. How many PART·TIME SWORN* employees did you have on your payroll during the ONE PAY PERIOD 

WHICH INCLUDED OCTOBER 15, 1979? (Should be equal to or less than the number reported in item 7.) 

11. What was the total gross payroll amount for all PART·TIME SWORN* employees reported in item 10 for the ONE 

PAY PERIOD WHICH ;~ICLUDED OCTOBER IS, 1979? $ 

12. What is the pay period interval which applies to the payroll reported in item 1l? CENSUS USE ONLY 

1 D Monthly 3 D Every 2 weeks s D other - specll~ 

2 D Twice a month 401leekly 

• Sworn empioyees defined: Those persons having statutory authority to arrest suspected violators of the law. Examples: Criminal investigators positions series GS·1811, police position series GS·083, customs enforcement officer position series GS·1891, and other positions having equivalent arrest authority whether inside or outside the competitive civil service. 

COMMENTS 
NCJRS REGISTRATION 

The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) abstracts documents published in the criminal justice field. Persons who 

are registered with the Reference Service receive announcements of documents in their stated fields of interest and order fonns for free 

copies of Bureau of Justice Statistics publications. If you are not registered with the Reference Service, and wish to be, please provide 

your name and mailing address below and check the appropriate box. 

Name Telephone 

NCJ-92596 

August 1984 

JE&E 1971-79 

( ) 0 Please send me a 

Number and street 

City 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

Bureau of Justice Statistics 

Washington, D.C. 20531 

State ZIP Code 

(Fold here) 

User Services Department 2 

National Criminal Justice Reference Service 

Bureau of Justice Statistics 

U.S. Department of Justice 

Box 6000 

Rockville, Maryland 20850 

(Fold here) 

NCJRS registration 

form. 

o Please send me the 

reports listed 

below. 

If you wish .to be put on the Bureau of Justice Statistics mailing Iist(s) 

or receive copies of recent BJS reports, please check them 

on the other side of this sheet and mail it in. 

PLACE 

STAMP 

HERE 
Bureau of Justice Statistics reports 

(revised August 1984) 

Single copies are available free from the National 

Criminal Justice Reference Service, Box 6000, 

Rockville, Md. 20850 (use NCJ number to order). 

Postage and handling are charged for multiple 

copies: up to 10 titles free; 11-40, $10; more than 

40, $20; libraries cali for special rates 

(301/251-5500). 

Public-use tapes of BJS data sets and other 

criminal justice data are available from the Criminal 

Justice Archive and Information Network, P.O. 

Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Mich. 481 06. (313/764-5199). 

National Crime Survey 

Criminal victimization in the U.S.: 

1982 (final report), NCJ-92820, 10/84 

1973-82 trends, NCJ-90541 , 9/83 

1981 (final report), NCJ-90208 

1980 (final report), NCJ-84015, 4/83 

1979 (final report), NCJ-76710, 12/81 

BJS special reports: 

The economic cost of crime to Victims, NCJ93450.4/84 

Family viOlence, NCJ-93449. 4/84 

BJS bulletins: 

Criminal victimization 1983, NCJ-93869, 6/84 

Households touched by crime, 1983. NCJ93658.5/84 

Violent crime by strangers, NCJ-80829. 4/82 

Crime and the elderly, NCJ-79614, 1/82 

Measuring crime, NCJ-75710. 2/81 

The National Crime Survey: Working papers, 

vol. I: Current and historical perspectives 

NCJ-75374,8/82 

Crime against the elderly in 26 cities, 

NCJ-76706.1/82 

The Hispanic victim. NCJ-69261. 11/81 

Issues in the measurement of crime. 

NCJ-74682,10/81 

Criminal victimization of California residents, 

1974-77, NCH0944, 6/81 

Restitution to victims of personal and household 

crimes, NCJ-72770, 5/81 

Criminal victimization of New York State 

residents. 1974-77, NCJ-66481, 9/80 

The cost of negligence: Losses from preventable 

household burglaries, NCJ-53527. 12/79 

Rape victimization in 26 American cities, 

NCJ-55878, 8/79 

Criminal victimization in urban schools, 

NCJ-56396, 8/79 

Crime against persons in urban, suburban, and 

rural areas, NCJ-53551. 7/79 

An introduction to the National Crime Survey, 

NCJ-43732, 4/78 

Local victim surveys: A review of the issues. 

NCJ-39973. 8/77 

Please put me on the mailing list(s) for: 

Corrections 

BJS bulletins: 

Capital punishment 1983, NCJ-93925, 7/84 

Prisoners in 1983, NCJ-92948, 4/84 

Prisoners 1925-81, NCJ-85861, 12/82 

Prisoners in State and Federal institutions on 

December 31 , 1981 (final report), NCJ-86485, 

7/83 

Capital punishment 1981 (final report), 

NCJ-86484, 5/83 

1979 survey of inmates of State correctional facilities 

and 1979 census of State correctional facilities: 

BJS special report: 

Time served in prison, NCJ-93924, 6/84 

Career patterns in crime, NCJ-88672, 6/83 

BJS bUI:etins: 

Prisoners and drugs, NCJ-87575 3/83 

Pr!soners and alcohol, NCJ-8622'3, 1/83 

Prisons and prisoners, NCJ-80697, 2/82 

Veterans in prison, NCJ-79632, 11/81 

Census of jails and survey of jail inmates: 

Jail inmate~ 1982 (BJS bulletin), NCJ-87161, 2/83 

Census of Jails, 1978: Data for Individual jails, 

vols. I-IV, Northeast, North Central, South, West, 

NCJ-72279-72282, 12/81 

Profile of j~il inmates, 1978, NCJ-65412, 2/81 

Census of Jails and survey of jail inmates 1978 

preliminary report, NCJ-55172, 5/79 ' , 

Parole and probation 

BJS bulletins: 

Probation and parole 1982. NC.J-89874 

9/83 

Setting prison terms. NCJ-76218. 8/83 

Char~cteristics of persons entering parole 

dUring 1978 and 1979, NCJ-87243. 5/83 

Characteristics of the parole population. 1978, 

NCJ-66479,4/81 

Parole in the U,S., 1979, NCJ-69562, 3/81 

Courts 

BJS special reports: 

Criminal defense systems: A national 

survey, NCJ-94630, 8/84 

Habeas corpus, NCJ-92949, 3/84 

The prosecution of felon'y arrests, 1979, NCJ86482,5/84 

State court case load statistics: 

1977 and 1981 (BJS special report), 

NCJ-87587,2/83 

State court organization 1980, NCJ-76711. 7/82 

State court model statistical dictionary, 

NCJ-62320, 9/80 

A cross-city comparison of felony case 

processing, NCJ-55171, 7/79 

Federal criminal sentencing: Perspectives of 

analYSis and a design for research, NCJ-33683, 

10/78 

Variations in Federal criminal sentences, 

NCJ-33684, 10/78 

Predicting sentences in Federal courts: The 

feasibility of a national sentencing policy, 

NCJ-33686, 10/78 

State and local prosecution and civil attorney 

systems, NCJ-41334. 7/78 

o All BJS reports - 30 to 40 reports a year 

o BJS Bulletin - timely reports of the most current justice data 

o Courts reports - State court caseload surveys, model annual 

State court reports, .State court organization surveys 

o Corrections reports - results of sample surveys and censuses of 

jails, prisons, parole, probation, and other corrections data 

o National Crime Survey - the Nation's only regular 

national survey of crime victims 

o Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics - a broad spectrum 

of data from 153 sources in an easy-to-use, comprehensive 

format (433 tables, 103 figures, index) 

o Please send ffio. cqrrent report(s) checked on the list above. 

Expenditure and employment 

Justice expenditure and employment in the 

U.S., 1979 (final report), NCJ-87242, 12/83 

Justice expenditure and employment in the 

U. S., 1971-79, NCJ-92596, 10/84 

Privacy and security 

Computer crime: 

Electronic fund transfer and crime, 

NCJ-92650, 2/84 

Computer security techniques, 

NCJ-84049, 9/82 

Electronic fund transfer systems and crime, 

NCJ-83736, 9/82 

Legislative resource manual, NCJ-78890, 9/81 

Expert witness manual, NCJ-77927, 9/81 

Criminal justice resource manual, NCJ-61550, 

12/79 

Privacy and security of criminal history 

information: 

A guide to research and statistical use, 

NCJ-69790, 5/81 

A guide to dissemination, NCJ-40000, 1/79 

Compendium of State legislation: 

NCJ-48981, 7/78 

1981 supplement, NCJ79652, 3/82 

Criminal justice information policy: 

Research access to criminal justice data, 

NCJ-84154,2/83 

Privacy and juvenile justice records, 

NCJ-84152,1/83 

Survey of State laws (BJS bulletin), 

NCJ-80836. 6/82 

Privacy and the private employer, 

NCJ·79651, 11/81 

General 

BJS bulletins: 

Bank robbery: Federal olfenses and 

offenders. NCJ-94630, 8/84 

Federal drug law violators, NCJ-92692 

2/84 

The severity of crime, NCJ-92326, 1/84 

The American response to crime: An overview 

of criminal justice systems, NCJ-91936, 12/83 

Tracking offenders, NCJ-91572, 11/83 

Victim and witness assistance: New State 

laws and the system's response, NCJ-87934, 

5/83 

Federal justice statistics, NCJ-80814, 3/82 

Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics, 1983, 

NCJ·91534, forthcoming 10/84 

Information policy and crime control 

strategies, NCJ-93926, 10/84 

Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on law and 

justice statistics, 1984, NCJ·93310, 8/84 

Report to the nation on crime and justice: 

The data, NCJ-87068, 10/83 

Dictionary of criminal justice data terminology: 

Terms and definitions proposed for interstate 

and national data collection and exchange, 2nd 

ed .. NCJ-76939. 2/82 

Technical standards for machine-readable data 

supplied to BJS, NCJ-75318, 6/81 

Justice agencies in the U.S., 1980, NCJ-65560, 

1/81 

Indicators of crime and criminal justice: 

Quantitative studies, NCJ-62349. 1/81 

A style manual for machine-readable data, 

NCJ-62766, 9/80