IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-21-00263-CR

JERRY RANDAL RANGEL, 

Appellant

 v. 

THE STATE OF TEXAS, 

Appellee

From the 361st District Court

Brazos County, Texas

Trial Court No. 06-03010-CRF-361

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellant Jerry Randal Rangel challenges two orders, both issued the same day, 

which denied motions seeking forensic testing and retesting of certain items of evidence 

admitted during the jury trial that resulted in his conviction for aggravated sexual assault 

of a minor. See generally TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01 (allowing motion for such 

testing); Rangel v. State, No. 10-07-00247-CR, 2009 WL 540780 (Tex. App.—Waco Mar. 4, 
Rangel v. State Page 2

2009, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (affirming conviction); Rangel 

v. Davis, No. H-18-2208, 2019 WL 2716551 (S.D. Tex. 2019) (dismissing petition for habeas 

relief filed under 28 U.S.C. § 2254). Also before the Court is Rangel’s pending motion to 

amend the record on appeal.1 We will affirm the trial court’s orders and deny the motion.

Background

Rangel was indicted for aggravated sexual assault in 2006. The case proceeded to 

trial, and the jury heard testimony that the thirteen-month-old victim’s grandmother had 

arrived home and found the victim naked, unconscious, and bleeding. She also testified 

that she found Rangel—at the time staying in the apartment a few nights a week—asleep 

in the same room with his belt unbuckled and his pants wet. After a nearby hospital 

suspected critical injury, the victim was flown to a larger hospital, which diagnosed her 

with multiple injuries, including widespread bruising, multiple skull fractures, a 

fractured femur, and vaginal lacerations. 

The jury also heard testimony that a diaper found by investigators the day of the 

assault (State’s Exhibit 63) contained biological material matching the DNA profiles of 

both Rangel and the victim, while a diaper found the day after the assault (State’s Exhibit 

61) produced biological samples matching only the victim’s DNA profile. There was also 

1 The record filed in this cause did not include everything before the trial court at the time it ruled on the 

Chapter 64 motions. Thus, on our own motion, we ordered that the record from the direct appeal, No. 10-

07-00247-CR, be added to the record in this cause. See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.5(c)(1) (allowing appellate court to 

order supplementation of record); Rangel v. State, No. 10-21-00263-CR (Tex. App.—Waco Nov. 8, 2021, 

order). The parties did not object.
Rangel v. State Page 3

testimony regarding additional evidence gathered the day after the assault: detectives 

recovered two swabs of blood “splatter” found on and near the bedroom wall (State’s

Exhibit 60) and a birthday card (Bryan Police item 20) near the bed that a local police 

detective testified was “not presumptive for blood.” The jury found Rangel guilty and 

the trial court assessed its punishment at life in the penitentiary. On direct appeal, this 

Court affirmed the conviction and sentence, see generally 2009 WL 540780, and the Court 

of Criminal Appeals refused Rangel’s petition for discretionary review. The state and 

federal courts denied habeas relief.

On November 6, 2019, Rangel filed his first motion for forensic testing and 

supporting affidavit, requesting testing of the birthday card and two swabs taken from 

the wall and birthday card. On May 24, 2021, with no ruling on his earlier motion, Rangel

filed a motion for forensic retesting and supporting affidavit, arguing that State’s Exhibit 

63—the diaper with biological material consistent with the DNA profiles of Rangel and 

the victim—should be retested. He subsequently sought mandamus relief from this 

Court, asking that we order the trial court to rule on his motions; we denied that petition. 

The trial court then denied both motions, and Rangel sought timely appeal. See TEX. CODE 

CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.05 (governing appeals from motions for forensic testing); TEX.

R. APP. PROC. 25.2(a)(2) (exempting Chapter 64 appeals from certification requirement).
Rangel v. State Page 4

Amendment of Record

We begin with Rangel’s motion to amend the record on appeal. Rule 34.5 allows 

parties to identify inaccuracies in the record and requires the appellate court to take steps 

to correct those defects. See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.5(d). Rangel’s motion complains that our 

opinion disposing of his direct appeal “fail[ed] to accurately disclose evidence admitted 

during trial” by stating that DNA from biological material on one of the diapers matched 

the profiles of both the victim and to Rangel. See 2009 WL 540780, at *6. Our mandate in 

that cause issued on July 30, 2009, and we have no jurisdiction to revisit our opinion. And 

to the extent Rangel complains of the trial court’s inclusion of language from our earlier 

opinion in the orders presently before this Court, we have no authority to strike that 

language from the orders. See Tex. R. App. P. 34.5(a)(5) (requiring inclusion of judgment 

or order challenged on appeal). We therefore deny his motion.

Chapter 64 Motions

Chapter 64 of the Code of Criminal Procedure affords a mechanism by which a

convicted individual may seek forensic testing or retesting of evidence that may contain 

biological material if that evidence remains in the possession of the State. See TEX. CODE 

CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(a-1). Chapter 64 requires a trial court to order forensic testing 

if the movant establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that “a reasonable 

probability exists that the person would not have been prosecuted or convicted if 

exculpatory results had been obtained through DNA testing.” Carter v. State, 134 S.W.3d 
Rangel v. State Page 5

484, 485 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, no pet.) (citing TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.

64.03(a)(2)(A)). The movant must also establish that: (1) evidence still exists which can 

be subjected to DNA testing; (2) the evidence has been subjected to a chain of custody 

sufficient to establish it has not been tampered with; (3) identity was or is an issue in the 

case; and (4) the request for DNA testing “is not made to unreasonably delay the 

execution of sentence or administration of justice.” See id. at 485–86 (citing and quoting 

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.03(a)(1)–(2)).

To obtain retesting of evidence previously subject to forensic testing, the movant 

must establish each of the above and that the evidence:

(A) can be subjected to testing with newer testing techniques that 

provide a reasonable likelihood of results that are more accurate and 

probative than the results of the previous test; or

(B) was tested:

(i) at a laboratory that ceased conducting DNA testing 

after an audit by the Texas Forensic Science 

Commission revealed the laboratory engaged in faulty 

testing practices; and 

(ii) during the period identified in the audit as involving 

faulty testing practices.

TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(b)(2). If the movant establishes these elements by 

a preponderance of the evidence, the trial court must order the testing. See id. art. 

64.03(a)(2).
Rangel v. State Page 6

“When reviewing a judge’s ruling on a [c]hapter 64 motion, we use the familiar 

bifurcated standard of review articulated in Guzman v. State: we give almost total 

deference to the judge's resolution of historical fact issues supported by the record and 

applications-of-law-to-fact issues turning on witness credibility and demeanor.” Reed v. 

State, 541 S.W.3d 759, 768 (Tex. Crim. App. 2017) (citing Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85,

89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). “But we review de novo all other application-of-law-to-fact 

questions.” Id. at 769. “Under this standard, we review de novo ‘the ultimate question 

of whether a reasonable probability exists that exculpatory DNA tests would prove 

innocence.’” Carter, 134 S.W.3d at 486 (quoting Rivera v. State, 89 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Tex. Crim. 

App. 2002)). When reviewing a Chapter 64 motion, we must affirm based on any theory 

supported by the record. State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 855-56 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) 

(general rule); see also Scott v. State, No. 14-08-01060-CR, 2010 WL 1236320, at *1 n.2 (Tex. 

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 1, 2010, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for 

publication) (in context of denial of Chapter 64 motion).

Rangel predicates his first motion, which requests testing of a birthday card and 

two swabs,2 on a theory that “David Cruz assaulted the victim and the evidence 

2 It is unclear from the record how much testing was done on the swabs and the birthday card. If we assume 

arguendo that some or all of these materials were subject to forensic testing before or during trial, Rangel’s 

motion and appeal would fail for the reasons stated here and independently because he has not identified 

any faults in that testing or any new techniques. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.01(b)(2)(B) and 

our discussion infra.
Rangel v. State Page 7

discovered the next day was manufactured by the victim’s family.”3 He argues that the 

evidence he has identified for testing was “fabricated” “by someone with intimate 

knowledge of the facts of the offense” and that if this evidence “contain[s] the victim[‘]s 

blood/DNA, [the result] amounts to exculpatory information that was not presented to 

the jury.”

We do not find Rangel’s arguments persuasive. First, even if the trial court were 

to order the testing requested in the first motion, and even if that testing were to reveal 

the victim’s DNA profile on any of the tested items, Rangel would not have identified 

any exculpatory information. As the trial court pointed out in its denial of the motion, 

the identity of the victim is not an issue in this case. And even if testing were to reveal 

genetic material consistent with the DNA profile of someone other than Rangel—a theory 

Rangel presented in both motions and in his briefs on appeal—that information would 

potentially implicate another individual but would not alone exonerate Rangel in part 

because the evidence that he was the perpetrator was overwhelming. The jury reviewed 

evidence that Rangel was found in the floor passed out or asleep near the victim, that 

Rangel’s pants were unbuckled, that the crotch of the pants was wet, that Rangel had 

indulged in both alcohol and cocaine the night of the offense, that Rangel was a registered 

3 According to testimony presented at trial, Cruz is a family friend who would sometimes stay overnight 

in the household and would sometimes babysit the victim. Koehlertestified that testing an “apparent pubic 

hair” found in the diaper from the rape kit resulted in a genetic profile “consistent with” the DNA profile 

of Cruz and “eliminated” Rangel as the donor.
Rangel v. State Page 8 

sex offender at the time of the offense, and that a DNA profile in biological material 

obtained from one of the diapers is consistent with Rangel’s DNA profile. Moreover, the 

jury heard and rejected Rangel’s theory that Cruz committed the crime. Thus, Rangel did 

not meet his burden at the trial court to show that testing of these items would result in 

evidence that, if presented to the jury, he “would not have been convicted.” See TEX.

CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 64.03(a)(2)(A). Rangel therefore has not met his burden on 

appeal, and we overrule his challenge to the trial court’s order denying his first motion.

We reject Rangel’s challenge to the trial court’s order denying his second motion 

for similar reasons. First, we must emphasize that Rangel’s second motion is a motion 

for retesting—or “statistical recalculation” of the resulting DNA profiles—already subject 

to testing: material on a diaper (State’s Exhibit 63) that included biological material 

matching the DNA profiles of both Rangel and the victim. Accordingly, because he seeks 

retesting, Rangel must identify newer techniques that might result in “more accurate” 

testing results or must show that the original testing was performed by a laboratory using 

faulty techniques. See id. art. 64.01(b)(2)(B). Other than a conclusory statement that 

“[t]esting methods used at the time have now been called into question,” Rangel has not 

identified any testing technique that might result in more accurate results and has not 

identified any purportedly questionable practices used by the laboratory that conducted 

the testing on State’s Exhibit 63, and our sister courts have held that statistical 

recalculation is not a testing technique for the purpose of Chapter 64 retesting motions. 
Rangel v. State Page 9

See In re Rice, Nos. 03-19-00745-CR, 03-19-00746-CR, 2020 WL 5507269, at *5 (Tex. App.—

Austin Sep. 11, 2020, pet. ref’d); Loveday v. State, Nos. 09-16-00452, -00460, -00461-CR, 2017 

WL 5179954, at *3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Nov. 8, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated 

for publication). Moreover, even if Rangel had done so, his second motion would 

independently fail for the same reason as the first: he has not shown how any new 

information obtained would have exonerated him or otherwise prevented his conviction 

if presented to a jury. Because Rangel did not meet his burden before the trial court and 

has not met his burden on appeal, we overrule his challenge to the trial court’s disposition 

of Rangel’s second Chapter 64 motion. 

Appointment of Counsel

Chapter 64 generally requires the appointment of counsel to represent an indigent 

movant where the movant “informs the court that [he or she] wishes to submit a motion 

under this Chapter, [and] the court finds reasonable grounds for a motion to be filed.” 

See id. art. 64.01(c); Gray v. State, 69 S.W.3d 835, 837 (Tex. App.—Waco 2002, no pet.).

However, “[e]ven if the convicting court determines that a convicted person is indigent, 

the court is not required to appoint counsel if it finds there are no reasonable grounds for 

the motion to be filed.” In re Marshall, 577 S.W.3d 581, 583 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th 

Dist. 2019, orig. proceeding) (citing In re Ludwig, 162 S.W.3d 454, 454 (Tex. App.—Waco 

2005, orig. proceeding)). “Such a finding is reviewed under an abuse-of-discretion 
Rangel v. State Page 10

standard, either in a mandamus or as part of the appeal of the denial of DNA testing.” 

Id. (citing Ludwig, 162 S.W.3d at 455).

In this case, no one disputes that Rangel is indigent or that he made his desire to 

file the motions known to the trial court. And while the trial court did not make an

express finding that there are no “reasonable grounds” for a Chapter 64 motion, because 

that court denied the appointment of counsel, we must infer that the court found no such 

ground. See Dunning v. State, 572 S.W.3d 685, 692 (Tex. Crim. App. 2019) (“When the trial 

court does not enter separate findings, we imply findings necessary to support the ruling 

so long as they are reasonably supported by the record.” (citing Guzman, 955 S.W.2d at

87)). Further, and as explained above, we agree with the trial court’s implicit finding that 

Rangel failed to identify a reasonable ground for a Chapter 64 motion. We therefore 

overrule Rangel’s final issue on appeal.

Conclusion

For the reasons stated herein, we deny Rangel’s motion to amend the record on 

appeal and affirm the orders of the trial court.

MATT JOHNSON

Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,*

Justice Johnson, and 
Rangel v. State Page 11

Justice Rose 4

*(Chief Justice Gray concurs. A separate opinion will not issue.)

Affirmed

Opinion delivered and filed May 3, 2023

Do not publish

[CRPM]

4 The Honorable Jeff Rose, Senior Chief Justice (Retired) of the Third Court of Appeals, sitting by 

assignment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. §§ 74.003, 75.002, 

75.003.