OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

August 26, 2015

PC Code: 085601, 108209, 118601, 118602, 119009, 119011, 122009, 122010, 122011, 

122020, 122021, 128721, 128820, 128845, 128887, 128901, 128969, 128973, 129002, 129008, 

129009, 129031 

MEMORANDUM DP Barcode: 427429

SUBJECT: Preliminary Ecological Risk Assessment for Registration Review of 22 

Sulfonylurea Herbicides 

FROM: Brian D. Kiernan, Greg Orrick, Hannah Yingling, Mary Clock-Rust, Michelle 

Colletti, William P. Eckel, James K. Wolf, R. David Jones, Steve Wente, and 

Brian Anderson 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

TO: Margaret Hathaway, Chemical Review Manager 

 Kevin Costello, Branch Chief 

 RMIB2/PRD (7508P) 

This memorandum transmits the draft ecological risk assessment for the Registration Review of 

the 22 currently registered sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides. Based on data reported in the Problem 

Formulations for Registration Review and evaluation of previous risk assessments, the 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has established that the only direct risks of 

ecological concern are to terrestrial and aquatic plants (i.e. there are no direct risk to animals). In 

addition, there is risk of indirect effects to animals that are dependent upon plants for food and 

shelter. 

Based on the established risk profile for this class of herbicides, this document presents a refined 

assessment focused on risks to plants. In particular, EFED has taken advantage of the full array 

of vegetative vigor and seedling emergence toxicity tests available to explore the effect of spray 

drift droplet sizes on the distance to which risk extends for each chemical/species combination 

available, based on representative rates for each chemical. In addition to TerrPlant Risk 

Quotients, the assessment uses AgDRIFT deposition curves to express the risks to plants from 

spray drift as the distance to the Level of Concern (LOC = 1.0; i.e. where the Expected 

Environmental Concentration – EEC - equals the 25% Inhibition Concentration - IC25), for the 

ten plant species tested per SU with different droplet size spectra. This information could inform 

in-field spray drift buffers of particular widths or other spray drift reduction options such as 

droplet spectrum label requirements. 
2 

Ecological Risk Assessment for the Registration Review of 22 

Sulfonylurea Herbicides 

Prepared by: 

Brian D. Kiernan, Greg Orrick, Hannah Yingling, Mary Clock-Rust, Michelle Colletti, 

William P. Eckel, James K. Wolf, R. David Jones 

Reviewed by: 

Melissa Panger and Kristina Garber, Sr. Advisors 

Approved by: 

Brian Anderson, Branch Chief, Environmental Risk Branch II 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division 

Office of Pesticide Programs 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

August, 2015 

 
3 

Acknowledgements 

The EFED SU risk assessment team would like to acknowledge the contributions of Chuck Peck 

and Kris Garber for their work in adapting the data array for this purpose, Jinny Yang for 

assistance in running the data array and Natalie Judkins for assistance with formatting the graph 

appendices. 

Signatures 

Brian Anderson ____________________________________ 

Michelle Colletti ____________________________________ 

William P. Eckel ____________________________________ 

Kristina Garber ____________________________________ 

R. David Jones ____________________________________ 

Brian D. Kiernan ____________________________________ 

Greg Orrick ____________________________________ 

Melissa Panger ____________________________________ 

Mary Clock-Rust ____________________________________ 

James K. Wolf ____________________________________ 

Hannah Yingling ____________________________________ 

 

2015.08.27 13:18:23 -04'00'

2015.08.27 13:19:07 

-04'00'

JAMES WOLF Digitally signed by JAMES WOLF 

DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=USEPA, ou=Staff, 

cn=JAMES WOLF, dnQualifier=0000014028 

Date: 2015.08.27 13:24:34 -04'00'

MELISSA PANGER 

2015.08.27 13:55:32 -04'00'

2015.08.27 13:58:04 

-04'00'

2015.08.27 14:00:36 -04'00'

Digitally signed by Clock-Rust, Mary 

DN: cn=Clock-Rust, Mary, email=ClockRust.Mary@epa.gov 

Date: 2015.08.27 14:55:43 -04'00'

ROBERT JONES 

2015.08.27 15:29:36 -04'00'
4 

Table of Contents 

1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 5

1.1. Risks to Non-Plant Taxa ......................................................................................... 5

1.2. Risks To Terrestrial Plants ...................................................................................... 5

1.3. Risks to Aquatic Plants ........................................................................................... 8

1.4. Remaining Major Uncertainties and Data Gaps ..................................................... 8

2. Introduction and Scope of Assessment ............................................................................. 10

3. Chemical Identification, Target Pests, and Mode of Action ............................................. 13

3.1. Residues of Concern ............................................................................................. 14

4. Use Characterization ......................................................................................................... 15

5. Environmental Fate Assessment ....................................................................................... 18

6. Aquatic Plant Assessment ................................................................................................. 19

6.1. Toxicity of SU Herbicides to Aquatic Plants ........................................................ 19

6.2. Exposure of SU Herbicides to Aquatic Plants ...................................................... 20

6.3. Risk Characterization for SU Herbicides to Aquatic Plants ................................. 27

7. Terrestrial Plant Risk Assessment .................................................................................... 30

7.1. Toxicity of SU Herbicides to Terrestrial Plants .................................................... 30

7.2. Exposure of SU Herbicides to Terrestrial Plants .................................................. 32

7.3. TerrPlant Analysis ................................................................................................ 32

7.4. Aggregate Spray Drift ........................................................................................... 34

7.5. Species-Specific Spray Drift ................................................................................. 41

7.6. Provisional use of Audrey III ................................................................................ 47

7.7. Potential Ecological Significance of Plant Impacts from SU Applications .......... 57

8. Incidents ............................................................................................................................ 58

9. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) ............................................................. 63

10. Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 64

Appendix A. Residues of Concern ............................................................................................... 69

Appendix B. Exposure Model Files .............................................................................................. 77

Appendix C. Environmental Fate Data and Chemical Structures of the Sulfonylureas and their 

Degradates ......................................................................................................................... 78

Appendix D. Collected IC25 Values for Sulfonyl Urea Herbicides ........................................... 151

Appendix E. Distance to LOC for Vegetative Vigor Endpoints ................................................ 164

Appendix F. Distance to LOC Seedling Emergence Graphs ..................................................... 228

Appendix G. Audrey III Equation Documentation .................................................................... 292

Appendix H.Spray drift regression curves using IORE. ........................................................... 298

Appendix I. Maximum Single Application Rates for Labeled Uses of SU Herbicides. ............ 301

Appendix J. Analysis of Non-Plant Toxicity Data .................................................................... 314

Attachment 1. Audrey 3 Outputs 
5 

1. Executive Summary 

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has assessed the potential ecological risks 

associated with the use of 22 sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides identified in Table 3.1 of this 

document. Although there are differences across the chemicals with respect to use patterns, fate 

characteristics, and toxicological properties, an important commonality to all of the assessed SU 

herbicides is that they all may impact non-target plants at considerable distances from the treated 

sites. Also, none of them are expected to directly impact survival, growth, or reproduction of 

non-target animals from direct exposure resulting from labeled uses. The group was assessed 

together to ensure consistency in data evaluation, risk assessment assumptions, and risk 

management considerations. 

SUs tend to be hydrophilic, do not volatilize, and do not bioaccumulate appreciably in the 

environment. SUs as a class show some tendency for transport away from the site of application 

dissolved in runoff. Persistence of SU herbicides varies considerably from several days up to 

approximately 8 months. SUs in general show low toxicity on an acute and chronic basis to 

aquatic and terrestrial animals and are toxic to sensitive plants at levels well below application 

rates. 

 

These herbicides are used on a variety of agricultural commodities and non-agricultural sites (see 

Section 4 of this document). They often may be applied by either ground or aerial methods at 

application rates that range from approximately 0.001 to 0.375 lbs a.i./Acre. Regardless of the 

application rate or use site, the predominant risks of concern that have been identified for each of 

the SU herbicides are to terrestrial and aquatic plants as summarized below. 

1.1. Risks to Non-Plant Taxa 

EPA’s past experience with sulfonylurea herbicidides is summarized in the Registration Review 

Problem Formulation for each chemical, which has been published in the individual regulatory 

dockets. Based on the results of previous risk assessments and a review of currently available 

toxicity data (Appendix J), as summarized in the Problem Formulations, EPA has determined 

that the only taxa for which risk concerns have been raised are terrestrial and aquatic plants. No 

animal taxa, either terrestrial or aquatic, have been determined to be at direct risk above concern 

levels from the labeled use of SU herbicides. This assessment is therefore focused on a more indepth, comprehensive analysis of the risks to plants. Indirect risks to animals, as a consequence 

of adverse effects to plants are possible. 

1.2. Risks To Terrestrial Plants 

Conclusions. Results indicate that both runoff and spray drift have the potential to negatively 

impact terrestrial plants. Exposure to SUs may result in a decrease in the seedling emergence or 

vegetative vigor of plants inhabiting terrestrial or wetland areas located adjacent to a treated 

field. The standard measurement endpoint for terrestrial plants is the IC25, which is the 

concentration that results in a 25% decrement in plant height or standing biomass. 
6 

Refined risk analyses were conducted to evaluate the distance from the field where risks of 

concern extend due to spray drift transport. This analysis focused on spray drift transport 

because tools are available to quantify spray drift deposition resulting from different types of 

applications. However, potential effects from exposure of seedlings to run-off and spray drift 

were also evaluated. Risk metrics used in the refined analyses include: (1) standard RQs; (2) 

number of test species that may receive drift at levels sufficient to cause 25% effect at various 

distances (100 ft, 400 ft, or 1000 feet or greater) from a treated field; and (3) number of days 

where exposure close to a treated site (within approximately 100 feet) was estimated to exceed 

seedling emergence 25% effect levels. Chemicals that have the potential to impact a greater 

number of species at greater distances from treated sites are assumed to have greater potential for 

more severe environmental impacts. 

These analyses showed that all SUs posed risk to terrestrial plants, and most SUs have the 

potential to impact sensitive species hundreds of feet from the edge of treated fields. 

Sulfometuron had the largest number of test species with a 25% or more effect level exceeded at 

1000 feet or more from a treated site (See Section 7) followed by metsulfuron-methyl, 

chlorsulfuron, chlorimuron, and iodosulfuron-methyl. Orthosulfamuron and Bensulfuron-methyl 

also had at least five exceedances of the IC25 threshold at 400 feet. Five IC25 exceedances was 

chosen since generally ten (10) species are tested, thus giving a 50% exceedance count. 

However, the ecological significance of effects is not related to this 50% metric; both the 50% 

count and the 400 foot distance are meant as aides in data interpretion. 

Based on provisional use of the Audrey III model, near-field seedling emergence effects tended 

to persist greater for chlorimuron-ethyl, flazasulfuron, and iodosulfuron-methyl, each with 50% 

or more of the simulated days with exposures exceeding seedling emergence 25% effect level for 

the most sensitive plant species. These analyses are further described in Section 8 and are 

summarized in the following table. 

Table 1.1. Summary of Selected Risk Metrics for SU Herbicides 

Chemical 

Number of Species’ IC25 Exceeded 

(assuming very coarse to extremely 

coarse droplets) Veg Vig endpoints 

Number of Days with 

Near-Field Seedling 

Emergence Exceedances 

Aquatic Plant 

RQ 

Vascular/Non1000 feet 400 feet 100 feet vascular 

Bensulfuron-methyl 0 3 3 NA <1/<1 

Chlorimuron-ethyl 4 5 9 61.4 14/5.1

Chlorsulfuron 5 7 8 31 20/<1 

Flazasulfuron 1 2 3 57.4 22/<1 

Foramsulfuron 1 1 3 6.7 6.3/<1 

Halosulfuron-methyl 1 2 5 30.5 105/1.1

Imazosulfuron 0 0 0 7.5 NA 

Iodosulfuron-methylNa 3 5 8 56.6 <1/<1 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 0 0 4 42.3 <1/<1 

Metsulfuron-methyl 5 6 10 39.6 22/<1 

Nicosulfuron 0 0 0 15.3 NA 
7 

Chemical 

Number of Species’ IC25 Exceeded 

(assuming very coarse to extremely 

coarse droplets) Veg Vig endpoints 

Number of Days with 

Near-Field Seedling 

Emergence Exceedances 

Aquatic Plant 

RQ 

Vascular/Nonvascular 1000 feet 400 feet 100 feet 

Orthosulfamuron 0 2 2 NA 3/<1 

Primisulfuron-methyl 0 1 4 11.1 2.5/<1 

Prosulfuron 0 0 2 14.3 1.6/<1 

Rimsulfuron 0 0 2 16.5 0.28/<1 

Sulfometuron-methyl 9 10 10 20.6 4.4/4.7

Sulfosulfuron 1 1 3 16.3 7.2/<1 

Thifensulfuron-methyl 2 4 5 13.1 1.5/<1 

Triasulfuron 1 1 7 20.7 11/<1 

Tribenuron-methyl NA <1/<1 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 1 1 3 16 15/<1 

Triflusulfuron-methyl 0 1 2 0 1.1/<1 

Effect of Droplet Size on Risk from Spray Drift 

The degree to which spray quality affects the spatial footprint (distance from a treated field 

effects may occur) was evaluated using three spray qualities for aerial application (M-C: 

medium-to-coarse, C-VC: coarse-to-very-coarse, and VC-XC: very-coarse-to-extremely-coarse), 

and for two boom heights (low, 20 inches, and high, 50 inches) for ground applications. These 

distances were then summarized overall (all SUs and species together), by individual test species 

(e.g., corn, cucumber, radish, etc.), and by individual SU herbicide (See Section 7). 

Appendices E and F display the effect of the different spray qualities on the distance to 

exceedance of the IC25 for those plant species tested. Section 7.4 summarizes the number of 

IC25 values exceeded or not exceeded within or beyond 100-foot benchmark, as well as the 

number of IC25s exceeded beyond 1,000 feet, as a function of spray droplet quality (M-C, C-VC, 

VC-XC) or boom height. The analysis demonstrate that as the spray quality changes from M-C 

to VC-XC, the number of IC25s exceeded for all SU-test species combinations and as a function 

of distance declines. Plants are divided into grasses and non-grasses to show the differential 

effect of SUs on these two categories. Results are summarized below for aerial and ground 

applications. 

Aerial Applications. For aerial application, the change of spray quality from medium-to-coarse 

(M-C) to very-coarse-to-extremely-coarse (VC-XC) increases the number of IC25s that are not 

exceeded within the first 100 feet from 72 to 111. There is a complementary decrease in number 

of IC25s exceeded beyond 100 feet from 133 to 95. The number of IC25s that are exceeded 

beyond 1,000 feet also decreases from 52 to 33. EFED believes that a change in spray quality to 

the coarsest quality feasible and compatible with efficacy, coupled with a modest buffer, could 

reduce the number of LOCs exceeded and reduce the spatial extent of potential environmental 

effects. 
8 

Ground Applications. For ground application, a change from high boom to low boom did not 

greatly change the number of IC25s exceeded within the first 100 feet, or beyond 1,000 feet. 

However, this analysis assumes medium-to-coarse (M-C) spray for both boom heights, the 

coarsest offered in the AgDrift model. EFED believes that a change to coarser spray droplet 

quality, again coupled with a modest buffer, would reduce the spatial extent of potential effects 

for ground application as well. 

1.3. Risks to Aquatic Plants 

A screening-level assessment for risks to vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants was 

completed. At this level of analysis, the Level of Concern (RQ > 1) was exceeded for 16 SU 

herbicides for vascular plants, represented by duckweed (Lemna gibba). The risk quotient (RQ), 

calculated as the ratio of estimated exposure (EEC) to the 50% effect on growth (IC50) ranged 

from 105 (halosulfuron) to less than 1 (mesosulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, iodosulfuronmethyl-Na, bensulfuron-methyl, and rimsulfuron). See Section 6 of this document. 

Risks to non-vascular plants (algae) were generally less than for duckweed. Three SUs 

(chlorimuron-ethyl, sulfometuron-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl) exceeded the LOC of 1, and 

the maximum RQ was approximately five (i.e. 5x point where the EEC equals the 50% growth 

inhibition endpoint). The most sensitive organism was generally the green alga 

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. See Section 6 of this document. 

Degradates. For both aquatic vascular and non-vascular plants, EFED found that risk 

conclusions were very similar whether parent-only or parent-plus-degradates were considered. 

Available toxicity data for SU degradates, while not exhaustive, strongly suggest that the 

degradates, including those with complete sulfonylurea moieties (i.e., intact SU bridges), are not 

nearly as toxic to aquatic plants as the intact parent SU herbicides. The stressor of concern for 

terrestrial plants is also parent only. 

1.4. Remaining Major Uncertainties and Data Gaps 

Although individual chemical data gaps exist as noted in the Problem Formulations supporting 

this assessment, data are sufficient to characterize the potential risks of SU herbicides to plants 

and to conduct a refined terrestrial plant analysis. EFED is confident in the risk conclusions 

presented in this assessment with two exceptions: (1) much of the terrestrial plant toxicity data 

for tribenuron-methyl was found to be of limited use in risk assessment (although no data were 

requested at Problem Formulation); and (2) the aquatic vascular plant data were insufficient for 

use in risk assessment for imazosulfuron and nicosulfuron. However, based on the overall 

toxicity profile of these chemicals described in the problem formulations and previous risk 

assessments, risks from these chemicals are not expected to be substantially different than the 

range of potential risks described in this assessment for the sulfonylurea herbicides. When new 

data are submitted, if they prove inconsistent with that assumption, then those risks may need to 

be specifically revisited. 

Many of the terrestrial plant datasets are incomplete regarding the availability of a statisticaly 

derived ‘no observed adverse effect level’ (NOAEL). In the past, a NOAEL has been the 
9 

preferred endpoint for endangered species assessments for plants. In the absence of a NOAEL, 

an interpolated inhibition concentration of 5% (IC05) is used. The use of an IC05 can often be 

considerably more conservative than a statistically-derived NOAEL, and not all of the datasets 

are sufficient to derive even this value. If future assessments require NOAEL values, 

quantitative risk estimates may not be possible in some cases. 

Based on the new pollinator guidance (USEPA, 2014), additional data on pollinators will be 

needed to fully characterize the risk associated with SU use to all developmental stages of 

honeybees. Sensitivity may vary according to life-stage and length of exposure (adult vs. larval 

and acute vs. chronic, respectively). Therefore, there is uncertainty associated with risks to 

honey bees that will be evaluated if additional data on the different life stages are submitted. 

 
10 

2. Introduction and Scope of Assessment 

Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), all pesticides distributed 

or sold in the United States generally must be registered by the Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). As part of determining whether a pesticide can be registered in the U.S., the 

Agency evaluates its safety to non-target species based on a wide range of environmental and 

health effects studies. In 1996, FIFRA was amended by the Food Quality Protection Act, and the 

Agency was mandated to implement a new program for the periodic review of pesticides, i.e., 

Registration Review (http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/). The Registration 

Review program is intended to ensure that, as the ability to assess risk evolves and as policies 

and practices change, all registered pesticides continue to meet the statutory standard of no 

unreasonable adverse effects to human health and the environment. Changes in science, public 

policy, and pesticide use practices occur over time. Through the Registration Review program, 

the Agency periodically reevaluates pesticides to make sure that as change occurs, products in 

the marketplace can be used safely. 

The end result of the EPA pesticide registration review process (i.e., the FIFRA regulatory 

action) is an approved product label. The label is a legal document that stipulates how and where 

a given pesticide may be used. Product labels (also known as end-use labels) describe the 

formulation type (e.g., liquid or granular), acceptable methods of application, approved use sites, 

and any restrictions on how applications may be conducted. Therefore, the uses, or potential 

uses, described by the pesticide’s labels are considered “the action” being assessed. This 

assessment was prepared to support evaluation of the registration review of the class of 

pesticides known as sulfonylurea herbicides. 

This assessment evaluates potential risks of all registered sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides to 

terrestrial and aquatic plants. The Office of Pesticides Programs has a long regulatory and risk 

assessement history with this class of herbicides and has routinely identified only potential risks 

to plants as being of concern in FIFRA registration decisions. Risk to non-plant taxa has been 

determined to be well below EPA’s levels of concern. As part of this current effort, EFED 

reviewed the Problem Formulations and previous risk assessments for all of the SU herbicides 

for potential effects to aquatic and terrestrial animals and has ruled out potential risks at the 

registered application rates at or above levels of concern. The process of ruling out risk to nonplant organisms involved collecting and analyzing available registrant-submitted data for the 

following endpoints: avian acute oral, avian dietary, avian reproductive (chronic), mammalian 

acute oral, mammalian reproductive (chronic), terrestrial invertebrate acute oral or acute contact, 

acute freshwater invertebrates, freshwater invertebrate lifecycle, acute freshwater fish, chronic 

freshwater fish, acute estuarine/marine invertebrates, estuarine/marine invertebrate life cycle, 

acute estuarine/marine fish, and chronic estuarine/marine fish. A full suite of the collected 

endpoints can be found in Appendix J. These endpoints were compared to the use rates and 

application scenarios to determine the magnitude of risk as compared to the Agency determined 

Level of Concern set out for each taxa. 
11 

An analysis of the acute and dietary toxicity endpoints for avian species show that for each of the 

SU herbicides, the study yielded a non-definitive greater than value well above the estimated 

exposure of the chemical. For the avian acute study, the LD50 values were based on studies 

conducted using the mallard, bobwhite and passerine species; they ranged from >1744 mg/kg-bw 

to >4650 mg/kg-bw. The avian dietary studies were conducted using the mallard and bobwhite 

and resulted in LC50s ranging from >4360 ppm to >5620 ppm. Based on these data, the SU 

herbicides are considered practically non-toxic to avian species. The endpoints for avian 

reproductive studies ranged from 28 ppm to 1280 ppm. The affected endpoint within the 

reproductive study varied between chemicals; some of the effects cited were hatchling weight, 

hatchling survival, adult male body weight, number of eggs, and 14-day weight. When the most 

sensitive endpoint among the SU chemicals, 28 ppm, was compared to the estimated exposure 

concentrations for that chemical, the Agency chronic LOC was not exceeded, thus potential risk 

to birds was considered to be minimal and will not be addressed in the remainder of the 

assessment. 

An analysis of the acute toxicity data for mammals showed that 17 of the SU herbicides resulted 

in an LD50 value of >5000 mg/kg-bw. The LD50s for the remaining 4 chemicals ranged from 546 

mg/kg-bw to >3750 mg/kg-bw. All studies were conducted using rats; the results show that the 

SU herbicides may be considered slightly toxic to practically non-toxic to mammals. A 

comparison of the most sensitive endpoint to the estimated exposure concentrations of the 

chemicals did not yield concern based on the Agency acute LOC of 0.5 for mammals. The 

available mammalian reproductive studies were conducted using rats or rabbits and were 

reported as NOAECs and NOAELs. The available NOAECs ranged from 25 ppm to 15000 ppm 

and the available NOAELs ranged from 1.9 mg/kg-bw to 5000 mg/kg-bw. Again, LOCs are not 

exceeded. 

Toxicity data on terrestrial invertebrates was available for each of the chemicals. All but one of 

the studies was conducted as an acute contact study using the honeybee. The LD50s ranged from 

>1.9 ȝg/bee to >100 ȝg/bee. Only two of the LD50s from the studies yielded definitive values; 

the LD50s were equal to 12.5 ȝg/bee and 98.2 ȝg/bee; both of these values indicate that the SU 

herbicides are practically non-toxic to terrestrial invertebrates. Based on this data the potential 

risk to terrestrial invertebrates is considered to be minimal, pending further data requests for 

pollinators. Terrestrial invertebrate risk will not be further addressed in the remained of the 

assessment. 

The endpoints of the acute toxicity data for freshwater invertebrates ranged from >10 ppm to 

>1000 ppm. All of the studies, with the exception of one, were conducted using the daphnid. 

Additionally, all the of studies, with the excpetion of one, resulted in non-definitive, greater than 

endpoints; the exception resulted in an EC50 = 720 ppm. Based on these study results, the SU 

herbicides are practically non-toxic to freshwater invertebrates on an acute basis. The chronic 

toxicity data for freshwater invertebrates ranged from NOAEC = 0.106 ppm to 114 ppm. The 

affected endpoints varied between dry weight, growth, decreased in number of young per female, 

and survival; in some chemicals no endpoints were affected. These values were compared to the 

21-day estimated exposure concentrations and did not exceed the Agency chronic LOC for 

aquatic species. 
12 

An analysis of the acute toxicity studies for freshwater fish found all SU herbicides to be slightly 

toxic to practically nontoxic. The studies were conducted using the rainbow trout and bluegill 

sunfish. Nearly all of the endpoints were non-definitive values and ranged from >10 ppm to 

>1000 ppm; two of the chemicals yielded definitive endpoints at 115.2 ppm and 210 ppm. These 

values compared to the peak estimated exposure concentration, show the level of risk to 

freshwater fish to be well below the Agency’s acute LOC for aquatic organisms. Available 

reproductive toxicity tests were conducted using the fatheard minnow and the rainbow trout and 

NOAECs ranged from 1.5 ppm to 100 ppm. The affected endpoints varied between growth, 

survival and hatchling survival; some of the chemicals saw no effects. These values compared to 

the 60-day EEC found the risk to be below the Agency LOC of 1.0. 

Toxicity data for estuarine/marine invertebrates was not available for all chemicals; the existing 

data was used to bridge the gap for those chemicals without available studies. The tested species 

for the acute toxicity studies were the Eastern oyster and mysid. Some of the LC50s exhibited 

non-definitive greater than values, and ranged from >38.2 ppm to >135 ppm; the definitive 

values ranged from 16 ppm to 107 ppm showing the SU herbicides to be slightly toxic to 

practically non-toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates. These values were compared to the peak 

EEC concentrations and yielded values that do not exceed the Agency LOC for acute aquatic 

species. Estuarine/marine chronic data was available for three chemicals and ranged from 1.51 

ppm to 27 ppm. When these values were compared to the 21-day EECs, the Agency LOC for 

chronic aquatic species was not exceeded. 

Data for estuarine/marine fish was also not available for all chemicals; the studies were 

conducted using the sheepshead minnow. All of the acute toxicity tests resulted in an LC50 that 

was a non-definitive value. The LC50s ranged from >45 ppm to >980 ppm showing the SU 

herbicides to be slightly toxic to practically non-toxic to estuarine/marine fish. When these 

values are compared to the peak EECs, the resulting values are well below the Agnecy acute 

LOC for aquatic species. There was no toxicity data available to understand the chronic risk to 

estuarine/marine species. However, based on the chronic toxicity values from freshwater fish 

studies, it is not expected that the toxicity to estuarine/marine fish would be low enough to 

trigger risk and exceed the Agency chronic LOC of 1.0. 

Based on the above findings, EFED has determined that the risks of concern continue to be 

impacts to plants. Therefore, this assessment will only describe direct risks to plants. 

The degree to which endangered plant and animal species may be impacted indirectly from direct 

adverse effects on plants (indirect effects on food resources, shelter, or critical habitat features) 

will not be evaluated in this assessment, but will be conducted in the upcoming risk assessments 

for compliance with the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Currently efforts are underway to 

incorporate recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS 2013) on how to 

best conduct such assessments. When the methodology has been successfully piloted, EPA will 

revisit these chemicals regarding their potential impact on Federally-listed species. 

This assessment, covering 22 currently registered SUs, relies heavily on the Registration Review 

Problem Formulations (PFs) written specifically for each chemical. For imazosulfuron, which is 

relatively recently registered, this assessment relies on the 2009 Section 3 new chemical 
13 

assessment. All of these documents can be found at Regulations.gov website1

. While some data 

that were requested (called-in) during the problem formulation phase of Registration Review are 

still outstanding, those data will be incorporated into the upcoming individual chemical ESA 

assessments and are not expected to change any of the FIFRA conclusions from this assessment. 

3. Chemical Identification, Target Pests, and Mode of Action 

The mode of action of sulfonylureas (SUs) is the inhibition of amino acid synthesis in plants 

through inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS; also know as acetohydroxyacid synthase or 

AHAS). ALS is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of branch-chain amino acids 

(valine, leucine and isoleucine). ALS inhibition in plants adversely affects plant growth and 

reproduction. Although acetolactate is present in mammals, the biosynthesis of branch-chain 

amino acids occurs only in plants. Chlorsulfuron (PC Code 118601), possibly the most studied 

pesticidal SU, does not affect acetolactate forming enzymes in mammalian cells (Nakata, 1991). 

SUs in general are considerably less toxic to animals than plants. 

SUs are generally broad spectrum herbicides, although individual SUs can be quite specific in 

terms of toxicity. In general, SUs are of greater toxicity to plants post-emergence in younger, 

vigorous growth stages with herbicidal action primarily centered on metabolically-active 

meristem. While most SUs have an effect on newly emerged plants (seedling emergence stage), 

herbicidal activity at this growth stage is less than in the somewhat older, vigorously growing 

plants (vegetative vigor stage). 

The following 22 chemicals are included in this analysis (Table 3.1), chemical structures are 

included in Appendix C. 

 

1

 http://www.regulations.gov/#!home 
14 

Table 3.1. Assessed Sulfonylureas and PC Codes 

Chemical PC code 

Bensulfuron-methyl 128820 

Chlorimuron 128901 

Chlorsulfuron 118601 

Flazasulfuron 119011 

Foramsulfuron 122020 

Halosulfuron 128721 

Imazosulfuron 118602 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 122021 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 122009 

Metsulfuron 122010 

Nicosulfuron 129008 

Orthosulfamuron 108209 

Primisulfuron-methyl 128973 

Prosulfuron 129031 

Rimsulfuron 129009 

Sulfometuron-methyl 122011 

Sulfosulfuron 85601 

Thifensulfuron 128845 

Triasulfuron 128969 

Tribenuron methyl 128887 

Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 119009 

Triflusulfuron-methyl 129002 

3.1. Residues of Concern 

Structures for each SU and degradates are in Appendix C. The primary residues of concern for 

SUs are the parent chemical, and for terrestrial plants consideration is only given to the parent 

compound. However, in some cases degradates formed in sufficient quantities to require further 

exploration for aquatic organisms. 

The sulfonylurea (SU) residues of concern (ROC) for aquatic plants are provided in Appendix 

A. The discussion includes the rationales for the inclusion of particular degradates in the ROC, 

and in particular whether the ROC definition has changed since the problem formulation (PF) for 

registration review was written. In general, degradates forming less than 10% of the applied 

mass of parent SU are not considered to be of concern. In the absence of toxicity data, 

degradates that do not retain the SU bridge and the double ring structure of the parent compound 

are assumed to be less toxic to plants than the parent compound under the SU mechanism of 

action (USEPA 2011c). In the absence of toxicity data, major degradates that retain the SU 

structural group are generally considered likely to have similar toxicity to plants as the parent 

compound. If data were available that demonstrated a major degradate that retained the SU 

bridge and double ring structure was not of toxicological concern, then that particular degradate 
15 

was no longer considered to be of concern. However, modeling aquatic EECs with or without 

including degradates of potential concern indicate that including degradates in the analysis did 

not affect risk conclusions. 

4. Use Characterization 

The uses and use patterns of the assessed SUs are generally described by the LUIS (labeled use 

information system) reports that were prepared and posted to the dockets during the problem 

formulation phase of Registration Review. The data are summarized in Appendix I. The risk 

managers assigned to the SUs were consulted to update the use patterns for this assessment to 

reflect any label changes that occurred after the LUIS reports were prepared. Table 4.1 lists the 

resulting lowest, average, and maximum single application rates labeled for the SUs. This 

assessment did not quantify potential risks from every labeled use of each SU herbicide. Instead, 

EFED modeled a single representative use for each chemical. Representative uses were defined 

as the large area uses with a high-end application rate. The maximum application rate was not 

necessarily used to quantify potential risks if the maximum rate was associated with a smallareas use such as a spot treatment. 

Table 6.2.1 (Section 6) lists the maximum seasonal or annual application rates of SUs that were 

assessed to estimate aquatic risk using a Tier I screening aquatic exposure model, GENEEC. 

Maximum single application rates were often the same as maximum seasonal or annual 

application rates. Labels for uses with single application rates less than seasonal or annual 

application rates generally did not provide a minimum reapplication interval as indicated in 

Table 6.2.1. Upper-bound usage rates provided by the Biological and Economic Analysis 

Division (BEAD) were used to estimate maximum annual application rates for registered uses 

without maximum annual application rates on the label. Labels should specify the maximum 

single and annual application rates, minimum application interval, and maximum number of 

applications. Where they do not, this risk assessment may underestimate risks from approved 

labels. 
Table 4.1. SU Application Rates Used for Risk Assessment a

Chemical Lowest 

Max 

Applicatio

n Rate 

Highest 

Max 

Applicatio

n Rate 

Rate for Modeling Average Rates 

Across Uses 

Where Available 

(supplied by 

BEAD) 

Application 

Methods 

Notes 

Bensulfuronmethyl 0.047 0.063 0.063 - only used on rice 0.032 Ground or Air Labeled only for rice Chlorimuron-ethyl 0.0039 0.08 0.08 - soybean 0.004 to 0.017 Ground or Air –Chlorsulfuron 0.0012 0.14 0.062 - 

rangeland/fallow 

0.007 to 0.047 Ground or Air 

–

Flazasulfuron 0.045 0.093 0.045 - Grapes 0.045 Ground only 

–

Foramsulfuron 0.0009 0.052 0.038 - Corn 0.029 to 0.032 Ground only 

for turf and 

ground or air 

for corn 

–

Halosulfuronmethyl 0.03 0.14 0.094 – corn (most uses at 0.047) 0.016 to 0.077 Ground or air Most uses are ground only, but some allow aerial 

applications 

Imazosulfuron - 0.66 0.3 - melons, 

vegetables, rice 

Not available Ground or air Uses are ground only, except 

aerial applications are allowed on rice 

Iodosulfuronmethyl-Na 0.00013 0.0089 0.0089 - wheat 0.002 Ground only –Mesosulfuronmethyl 0.0028 0.013 0.013 - triticale and wheat 0.002 to 0.011 Ground or air –Metsulfuronmethyl 0.00023 0.15 0.15 - ag uncultivated areas and some forestry 

uses 

0.002 to 0.024 Ground or air Labeled for mainly non-ag 

uses with several agricultural uses 

Nicosulfuron 0.012 0.07 0.066 - corn 0.011 to 0.043 Ground or air –Orthosulfamuron 0.066 0.066 0.066 - rice 0.061 Ground or air Labeled only for rice 
17 

Chemical Lowest 

Max 

Applicatio

n Rate 

Highest 

Max 

Applicatio

n Rate 

Rate for Modeling Average Rates 

Across Uses 

Where Available 

(supplied by 

BEAD) 

Application 

Methods 

Notes 

Primisulfuronmethyl 0.018 0.036 0.036 - corn 0.009 to 0.022 Ground or air Labeled only for bluegrass and corn Prosulfuron 0.0089 0.036 0.036 – corn (most uses 

at 0.018) 

0.003 to 0.018 Ground or air No non-ag uses labeled 

Rimsulfuron 0.0078 0.063 0.063 - most uses 0.01 to 0.062 Ground or air Numerous ag and non-ag 

uses; some uses only allow ground applications 

Sulfometuronmethylb 0.0281 0.0281 0.38 – fallow, uncultivated areas Ground or air Numerous ag and non-ag uses; some uses only allow 

ground applications, but most allow both 

Sulfosulfuron 0.03 0.125 0.094 - pastures 0.008 to 0.07 Ground or air Most uses are non-cropped 

areas; most uses allow only ground applications 

Thifensulfuronmethyl 0.0023 0.028 0.028 - almost all uses 0.002 to 0.015 Ground or air Labeled mainly for agricultural uses Triasulfuron 0.022 0.028 0.028 - most uses were 

0.0275 or 0.028 

0.013 to 0.019 Ground or air –

Tribenuron-methyl 0.0012 0.0313 0.031 - field corn, 

blueberries 

0.002 to 0.017 Ground or air Labeled mainly for 

agricultural uses 

TrifloxysulfuronNa 0.007 0.036 0.028 – sugarcane 0.006 to 0.017 Ground or air –Triflusulfuronmethyl 0.016 0.031 0.031 - sugar beets (all other uses at 0.016) 0.008 to 0.012 Ground or air Labeled only for beets, sugar beets, chicory, and endive 

a All rates are in units of pounds of active ingredient per acre (lbs a.i./A). “Ag” means “agricultural”; “Non-ag” means “non-agricultural”. b both 0.38 and 0.0281 were modeled in the terrestrial investigation as it is unclear what the most commonly applied rate is.
Page 18 of 318

5. Environmental Fate Assessment 

Sulfonylureas are typically anions. Therefore, the compounds tend to be hydrophilic, do not 

volatilize, and do not bioaccumulate in the environment. Water solubility limits range from 26 

(trifloxysulfuron) to 3,180,000 mg/L (chlorsulfuron). The highest available whole fish 

bioconcentration factor (BCF) is 3.0x (tribenuron-methyl). 

Based on the soil mobility data (mean values used for modeling) presented in Tables 6.2.2 

through 6.2.4, the SUs as a class may be characterized as “mobile” to “moderately mobile” on 

the FAO scale (USEPA, 2006). This means they will have some tendency for leaching into 

ground water and for transport away from the site of application dissolved in runoff. 

Aerobic soil metabolism (ASM) half-lives for the SUs indicate a wide range of stability to 

metabolism by soil microbes, ranging from 3.6 days (shortest half-life for iodosulfuron-methyl) 

to 240 days (longest half-life for metsulfuron-methyl). Bensulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron 

are assumed stable to ASM in the absence of acceptable data. Iodosulfuron-methyl degrades 

with a half-life of 3.6-51 days to another SU, metsulfuron-methyl, that degrades slower with a 

half-life of 26-240 days. Thus, SU half-lives for ASM range from several days up to many 

months, for the same compound in some cases. 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism (AAM) half-lives for the SUs indicate a wide range of stability to 

metabolism by aquatic microbes, similar to ASM half-lives, ranging from 9.1 days (shortest halflife for triflusulfuron-methyl) to 187 days (longest half-life for sulfometuron-methyl). 

Bensulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron are assumed stable to AAM in the absence of acceptable 

data. The aerobic soil and aerobic aquatic metabolism half-lives summarized in Tables 6.2.2

through 6.2.4 are conservative values prepared for model inputs as recommended by EFED 

guidance. 

Aquatic photolysis (Table 6.2.4) is not a significant degradation process for most SUs except for 

a few SUs whose photolysis half-lives were on the order of a few days (flazasulfuron, 

imazosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, and thifensulfuron-methyl). 

Table 6.2.5 gives half-life values for the SUs that include the residues of concern (ROC) for 

plants (see Appendix A) for use in the Total Residue (TR) exposure modeling approach. 

Finally, Table 6.2.6 gives details on the calculation of values in Table 6.2.4 and 6.2.5, based on 

current EFED aquatic model input parameter guidance (USEPA, 2009). 

Overall, the data for the SUs indicate that their mobility and stability to degradation are 

conducive to leaching into ground water and off-site transport via runoff, resulting in the 

contamination of water resources. 
Page 19 of 318

6. Aquatic Plant Assessment 

6.1. Toxicity of SU Herbicides to Aquatic Plants 

Available data from submitted studies indicate that intact, parent SUs are significantly more 

toxic to tested aquatic vascular plants (Lemna gibba) and non-vascular plants (principally the 

green alga Pseudokirchneriella (Raphidocelis) subcapitata) than even slightly modified 

degradates with complete sulfonylurea moieties (i.e., intact SU bridges). However, a complete 

set of degradate toxicity data for each SU was not available for each SU to confirm this 

observation, so RQs were calculated both on the basis of parent-only and on the basis of the 

residues of concern (ROC) discussed in Section 3.1. To the extent possible, toxicity data for 

degradates common to more than one SU were used to determine ROCs for each parent SU. As 

is shown below (Table 6.2.7), calculation of the RQ as parent-only or as a TTR including ROCs 

had little or no effect on the EECs or the risk conclusions. 

As a group, the SUs are generally more toxic to vascular plants than non-vascular plants. IC50

values (pesticide concentrations resulting in a 50% inhibition of growth or biomass) ranged from 

0.04 ug/L to 12 ug/L. Halosulfuron and flazasulfuron were the most toxic of the group with 

IC50s of 0.04 and 0.08 ug/L, respectively. However, IC50s for most SU herbicides were less than 

1 ug/L with the exception of prosulfuron, thifensulfuron, tribenuron, triflusulfuron, 

sulfometuron, bensulfuron-methyl, and rimsulfuron, which have IC50s that range from 

approximately 1 to 12 ug/L. The aquatic vascular plant data were insufficient for use in risk 

assessment for imazosulfuron and nicosulfuron. 

Non-vasular plant IC50s ranged from approximately 0.8 ug/L (chlorimuron-ethyl) to 3000 ug/L 

(foramsulfuron) (Table 6.1). However, IC50s were generally between 1 ug/L and 100 ug/L. 

IC50s for sulfosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, and foramsulfuron were all greater than 100 ug/L. 

The data for imazosulfuron and nicosulfuron were not sufficient for risk assessment. 
Page 20 of 318

Table 6.1. Most sensitive endpoints for aquatic nonvascular and vascular plants. 

Chemical Non-Vascular Plant IC50 (ȝg/L) Vascular Plant IC50 (ȝg/L) 

Bensulfuron-methyl 7.8 8.3 

Chlorimuron-ethyl 0.77 0.27 

Chlorsulfuron 50 0.35 

Flazasulfuron 4.1 0.076 

Foramsulfuron 3300 0.56 

Halosulfuron-methyl 4.1 0.042 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 41 0.7 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 2400 0.64 

Metsulfuron-methyl 31 0.36 

Orthosulfamuron 80 0.7 

Primisulfuron-methyl 98 0.8 

Prosulfuron 10.6 1.22 

Rimsulfuron 29 11.6 

Rimsulfuron 0.0116 11.6

Sulfometuron-methyl 4.3 4.5 

Sulfosulfuron 310 0.985 

Thifensulfuron-methyl 2.63 1.59 

Triasulfuron 35 0.19 

Tribenuron-methyl 22 2 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 5.6 0.24 

Imazosulfuron N/A A N/A A

Nicosulfuron N/A A N/A A

A sufficient data not available 

6.2. Exposure of SU Herbicides to Aquatic Plants 

GENEEC (v2.0; Aug. 1, 2001) was used to generate estimated environmental concentrations 

(EECs) for representative SU uses in order to determine the extent to which the various SU 

herbicides pose potential risks to aquatic plants. GENEEC was used in place of scenario-based 

aquatic exposure models (i.e., Surface Water Concentration Calculator) to allow for more direct 

comparisons of inherent degradation, mobility, and toxicity across the SU herbicides. EECs 

generated by GENEEC are generally, but not always, higher than those generated by the SWCC. 

Table 6.2.1 lists a collection of high-end representative use patterns that were evaluated in this 

assessment. The mean sorption coefficients for each SU and for residues of concern (ROC), 

considering the available data for ROCs, were used as exposure model inputs (see Tables 6.2.2 

and 6.2.3). Tables 6.2.4 and 6.2.5 lists the chemical parameter model inputs for each SU and 

for their ROCs. All model inputs were calculated in accordance with the aquatic model Input 

Parameter Guidance (USEPA, 2009). 

The maximum use patterns for agricultural and non-agricultural SU uses were collected, some of 

which were vague due to label ambiguities. Typical single application rates and number of 

applications per year for agricultural SU uses were also collected by BEAD for use in cases of 

label ambiguity. Table 6.2.1 lists a collection of high-end use pattern application rates that were 

evaluated in this assessment. These use patterns include maximum single application rates for 

representative use sites (i.e., major uses or most of the labeled minor uses), which are typically, 

but not always, the maximum agricultural application rate overall. Modeled annual application 
Page 21 of 318

rates are the maximum rates for what are thought to be representative uses, which may be less 

than the maximum annual application rates for other labeled uses of the given SU. 

Representative use sites were identified collaboratively between risk assessors and risk managers 

in an effort to focus the assessment on use sites that account for the largest proporation of an 

SU’s usage, if not the use site with the maximum labeled application rate. The intent was to 

support a screening approach for aquatic modeling that is most representative across the United 

States rather than to model a location-specific scenario. 

EFED made assumptions about the number of applications per year and reapplication intervals in 

the absence of clear label directions, based on the typical values collected by BEAD, if available. 

However, labels should reflect the maximum use pattern intended to be allowed. This 

assessment will underestimate risks in cases where chemicals are applied more frequently or at 

lower intervals than assumed in the absence of clear label directions. Future assessments may 

make considerably more conservative assumptions if labels remain unclear or ambiguous. 

Table 6.2.1. Application Rates Modeled for Sulfonylurea Representative Use Patterns 

Sulfonylurea Representative Agricultural 

Use

Single App. 

Rate 

(lbs a.i./A) B

Reapp. 

Interval 

(days)

Annual 

App. Rate 

(lbs a.i./A) B

App. 

Method A,B

Bensulfuron-methyl Rice 0.063 N/A 0.063 Aerial 

Chlorimuron-ethyl Soybeans 0.080 N/A 0.080 Aerial 

Chlorsulfuron Rangeland/fallow 0.062 7 C 0.12 Aerial 

Flazasulfuron Grapes (no §3 ag. uses) 0.045 E N/A 0.045 E Ground 

Foramsulfuron Corn 0.038 7 C 0.076 Aerial 

Halosulfuron-methyl Corn 0.094 N/A 0.094 F Ground 

Imazosulfuron Melons, vegetables 0.30 N/A 0.30 Ground G

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na Wheat 0.0089 N/A 0.0089 Ground 

Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat 0.013 N/A 0.013 Aerial 

Metsulfuron-methyl Uncultivated areas 0.15 N/A 0.15 Aerial 

Nicosulfuron Corn 0.066 N/A 0.066 D Aerial 

Orthosulfamuron Rice 0.066 N/A 0.066 Aerial 

Primisulfuron-methyl Corn 0.036 N/A 0.036 Aerial 

Prosulfuron Corn, sorghum 0.036 N/A 0.036 Aerial 

Rimsulfuron Rangeland 0.063 N/A 0.063 Aerial 

Sulfometuron-methyl Fallow, uncultivated areas 0.38 N/A 0.38 Aerial 

Sulfosulfuron Pastures 0.094 7 C 0.13 H Aerial 

Thifensulfuron-methyl Most uses 0.028 7 C 0.047 I Aerial 

Triasulfuron Pastures, rangeland 0.028 7 C 0.039 H Aerial 

Tribenuron-methyl Field corn, blueberries 0.031 N/A 0.031 Aerial 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na Sugarcane 0.028 14 0.070 J Aerial 

Triflusulfuron-methyl Sugarbeets 0.031 7 C 0.078 K Aerial 

A For comparison purposes, modeled inputs for all SUs include a droplet size distribution of "medium to coarse" 

and 0-foot wide "no-spray zone" regardless of label directions. For SUs limited to ground applications, a high-boom 

ground sprayer with no incorporation was modeled. 

B This is the maximum labeled single or annual application rate or application method for the representative 

agricultural use, unless otherwise specified. 
Page 22 of 318

C A 7-day reapplication interval was assumed in the absence of label directions. 

D An annual application rate is not specified on the label. One application per year is assumed based on usage data 

indicating that 96% of corn areas treated with nicosulfuron receive only one application per year. 

E Flazasulfuron has no §3 agricultural uses. This application rate reflects reported usage data. 

F An annual application rate is not specified on the label. One application per year is assumed based on usage data 

indicating that 87% of corn areas treated with halosulfuron-methyl receive one application per year at an average 

rate of 0.026 lbs a.i./acre, which is much less than the modeled rate of 0.094 lbs a.i./acre. 

G Aerial applications allowed on rice were not modeled because they apply to a lower application rate. 

H Modeled as both one and two applications at the single application rate because GENEEC cannot handle multiple 

applications at different rates. Because EECs nearly linearly correlate with the total applied, the EEC for one 

application was post-processed by multiplying the value by 1.38-1.39 (0.13/0.094 or 0.039/0.028). 

I Modeled as both one and two applications at the single application rate because GENEEC cannot handle multiple 

applications at different rates. Because EECs nearly linearly correlate with the total applied, the EEC for one 

application was post-processed by multiplying the value by 1.68 (0.047/0.028). 

J Modeled as both two and three applications at the single application rate because GENEEC cannot handle multiple 

applications at different rates. Because EECs nearly linearly correlate with the total applied, the EEC for two 

applications was post-processed by multiplying the value by 1.25 (0.070/(2x0.028)). 

K Modeled as both two and three applications at the single application rate because GENEEC cannot handle 

multiple applications at different rates. Because EECs were loosely correlated with the total applied, the EEC for 

three applications was post-processed by multiplying the value by 0.84 (0.078/(3x0.031)). 

Table 6.2.2 lists the SU-specific mean sorption coefficients for the residues of concern. Kd or KF

was used when the coefficient of variation (CV) for the parameter was less than the CV for KOC

or KFOC. Otherwise, KOC or KFOC was used. Freundlich parameters were used when available 

and when less than similar non-Freundlich parameters, if available. 

The representative compound was the residue of concern with the lowest mean sorption 

coefficient if sorption coefficient data were available. Therefore, the parent compound was the 

representative compound for 19 of the 22 SUs for one of three reasons: 1) the mean sorption 

coefficient for the parent compound was less than that for the degradates of concern, 2) data 

were not available for degradates of concern, or 3) there were no degradates of concern. 

Table 6.2.3 lists the parent compound’s mean sorption coefficients for the three sulfonylureas 

for which the ROC representative compound was a degradate. 

Table 6.2.2. Sulfonylurea Mean Sorption Coefficients for Residues of Concern A

Sulfonylurea Mean Kd or 

KF (mL/g)

Mean KOC

or KFOC 

(mL/g-oc)

Representative 

Compound

Source

Bensulfuron-methyl KOC=315 Parent compound Acc# 73657

Chlorimuron-ethyl KOC=91 Parent compound MRID 143120

Chlorsulfuron KFOC=21 Parent compound MRID 42156705

Flazasulfuron Kd=3.2 Parent compound MRID 46930001, 49030002 

(provisional)

Foramsulfuron KFOC=78 Parent compound MRID 45109723

Halosulfuron-methyl KFOC=109 Parent compound MRID 42139411

Imazosulfuron KOC=242 Parent compound MRID 47305117

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na KFOC=21 Metsulfuron-methyl MRID 49154301 (provisional)
Page 23 of 318

Sulfonylurea Mean Kd or 

KF (mL/g)

Mean KOC

or KFOC 

(mL/g-oc)

Representative 

Compound

Source

Mesosulfuron-methyl KFOC=78 AE F154851 MRID 45386433

Metsulfuron-methyl KFOC=21 Parent compound MRID 49154301 (provisional)

Nicosulfuron KOC=35 Parent compound MRID 40924222

Orthosulfamuron KF=6.4 Parent compound MRID 46219074, 46578971

Primisulfuron-methyl KFOC=12 Parent compound MRID 41869304

Prosulfuron KF=0.22 Parent compound MRID 42685257

Rimsulfuron KFOC=47 Parent compound MRID 41356336

Sulfometuron-methyl KFOC=63 Parent compound MRID 42789301

Sulfosulfuron KF=0.29 Parent compound MRID 44295728

Thifensulfuron-methyl KFOC=28 Parent compound MRID 161290

Triasulfuron KF=0.34 CGA-195660 MRID 42782002

Tribenuron-methyl KFOC=31 Parent compound MRID 46101501

Trifloxysulfuron-Na KF=0.59 Parent compound MRID 45371825

Triflusulfuron-methyl KF=0.64 Parent compound MRID 42496861

A The lowest mean sorption coefficient inputs are bolded and in red. 

Table 6.2.3. Sulfonylurea Mean Sorption Coefficients for Parent-only Exposure Estimates A

Sulfonylurea Mean Kd or 

KF

Mean KOC

or KFOC

Representative 

Compound

Source

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na KFOC=19 Parent compound MRID 45109015 

Mesosulfuron-methyl KF=1.5 Parent compound MRID 45386432

Triasulfuron KF=0.92 Parent compound MRID 41656207

A These sorption coefficients were used to estimate parent-only exposure for the three SUs for which ROC mobility 

was represented by a that of a transformation product. 

Table 6.2.4 lists the model inputs for the parent compound-only exposure estimates. Table 6.2.5

lists the ROC model inputs (ASM, aerobic soil metabolism, and AAM, aerobic aquatic 

metabolism, half-lives) for the 14 SUs with degradates of concern. Half-lives for unextracted 

residues are not included. Values for SUs with no ROCs were sourced from PFs and not 

recalculated with PestDF nor adjusted to 25°C. Water solubility and photolysis half-lives were 

not adjusted for ROCs because they have a minimal impact on exposure estimates. Table 6.2.6

lists the sources and calculations supporting the input values in Tables 6.2.4 and 6.2.5. 
Page 24 of 318

Table 6.2.4. Input Values Used for Modeling Sulfonylurea Parent Compound-Only 

Chemical Parameters 

Sulfonylurea Kd or KOC ASM Half-life (d) Water 

solubility (ppm)

AAM Halflife (d) Photolysis 

Half-life (d)

Bensulfuron-methyl KOC=315 0 (stable) 120 0 0 

Chlorimuron-ethyl KOC=91 31 1200 63 0 

Chlorsulfuron KFOC=21 0 (stable) 3,180,000 0 0 

Flazasulfuron Kd=3.2 75 2,100 36 18 

Foramsulfuron KFOC=78 28 3,290 39 0 

Halosulfuron-methyl KFOC=109 330 1,650 20 0 

Imazosulfuron KOC=242 143 429 353 3.5 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na KFOC=19 8.0 25,000 22 334 

Mesosulfuron-methyl KF=1.5 115 483 90 385 

Metsulfuron-methyl KFOC=21 22 109 363 0 

Nicosulfuron KOC=35 45 8,070 87 0 

Orthosulfamuron KF=6.4 43 629 32 0 

Primisulfuron-methyl KFOC=12 86 70 62 0 

Prosulfuron KF=0.22 317 4,000 202 0 

Rimsulfuron KFOC=47 47 7,300 7.3 0 

Sulfometuron-methyl KFOC=63 65 244 372 0 

Sulfosulfuron KF=0.29 183 1,627 46 2.5 

Thifensulfuron-methyl KFOC=28 13 2,240 25 5.7 

Triasulfuron KF=0.92 54 1,500 227 87 

Tribenuron-methyl KFOC=31 60 2,040 72 103 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na KF=0.59 200 25.7 58 423 

Triflusulfuron-methyl KF=0.64 23 110 28 127 

Table 6.2.5. Input Values Used for Modeling Sulfonylurea ROC Chemical Parameters A

Sulfonylurea Kd or KOC ASM Half-life (d) Water 

solubility (ppm)

AAM Halflife (d) Photolysis 

Half-life (d)

Chlorimuron-ethyl KOC=91 147 1200 293 0 

Foramsulfuron KFOC=78 30 3,290 82 0 

Halosulfuron-methyl KFOC=109 1489 1,650 21 0 

Imazosulfuron KOC=242 141 429 393 3.5 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na KFOC=21 68 25,000 118 334 

Mesosulfuron-methyl KFOC=78 131 483 203 385 

Metsulfuron-methyl KFOC=21 73 109 352 0 

Nicosulfuron KOC=35 216 8,070 170 0 

Orthosulfamuron KF=6.4 55 629 41 0 

Primisulfuron-methyl KFOC=12 86 70 184 0 

Prosulfuron KF=0.22 562 4,000 336 0 

Thifensulfuron-methyl KFOC=28 188 2,240 183 5.7 

Triasulfuron KF=0.34 110 1,500 257 87 

Triflusulfuron-methyl KF=0.64 23 110 295 127 

A ROC model inputs that differ from parent compound-only inputs are in bold. 
Page 25 of 318

Table 6.2.6. Sources of Input Data for Sulfonylurea Chemical Parameters for Modeling A

Sulfonylurea ASM Half-life (d) Water solubility 

(ppm) AAM Half-life (d) Photolysis Halflife (d) 

Bensulfuron-methyl Assumed stable in the 

absence of data MRID 40089309 Assumed stable in the 

absence of data MRID 40089330

Chlorimuron-ethyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

6 values (MRID 145401, 

49526701, 49526702) 

Footprint Db 

(http://sitem.herts.ac.u

k/aeru/footprint/en/) 

2x ASM t1/2 MRID 145779, 

154438 

Chlorsulfuron 

MRID 00035275 MRID 42454104 

Assumed stable in the 

absence of data; stable 

to hydrolysis 

MRID 42156702

Flazasulfuron Single value (25) x 3 

(MRID 46220951) MRID 46220905 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (24, 30; 

MRID 46220954) 

MRID 46220950

Foramsulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

5 values (MRID 

45109713, -14) 

MRID 45109321 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

45109728) 

MRID 45109325

Halosulfuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

42139410) 

MRID 43237101 Single value x 3 

(MRID 45671701) MRID 42661409

Imazosulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

47305122, 47766801) 

Source not reported in 

S3NC ERA 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 3 values (MRID 

47639702, 47679105) 

MRID 47305120

Iodosulfuron-methylNa 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

10 values (MRID 

45108933, -34, -35, -36)

MRID 45108619, 

45108620 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

45109121) 

MRID 45108624, 

45108625 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

9 values (MRID 

45386422, -23, -24, -25)

MRID 45386215 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

45386430) 

MRID 45386420

Metsulfuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

6 values (MRID 

44491201, 49154304) 

ACC 072767

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

49154307) 

ACC 072767

Nicosulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

41082622, 46240901) 

MRID 47006001 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

48354304) 

MRID 41082620

Orthosulfamuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

4 values (MRID 

49555902, -03, -04, -05)

MRID 44621909 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

46219017) 

MRID 46588509

Primisulfuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

40331263, 41418613) 

MRID 40331203

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

49125201 

MRID 40856508, 

40856509, 41418611

Prosulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

42685250, -51, 

43387712, -13) 

MRID43387710 Single value x 3 

(MRID 43387718, -19) 

MRID 46685248, 

42685249, 

43387710, 

43387711 

Rimsulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

3 values (MRID 

41356334, 48332003) 

MRID 41356301 

Hydrolysis value in 

absence of AAM data 

in PF (MRID 

41356333) 

MRID 41931608

Sulfometuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

42091401, 

43174102/245375) 

Source not reported in 

PF 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

42091403, 43174103) 

MRID 42182401, 

43174101 
Page 26 of 318

Sulfonylurea ASM Half-life (d) Water solubility 

(ppm) AAM Half-life (d) Photolysis Halflife (d) 

Sulfosulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

5 values (MRID 

44295731, 44295723, 

44295731) 

Source not reported in 

PF 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

44295726) 

MRID 44295721

Thifensulfuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 145154)

Footprint Db 

(http://sitem.herts.ac.u

k/aeru/footprint/en/) 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

48043101) 

MRID 00161285

Triasulfuron 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

5 values (MRID 

40271923, -24, 

49126701, -02) 

MRID 40271903 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 2 values (MRID 

49126705) 

MRID 41668601

Tribenuron-methyl 90th %-ile c.b.on mean of 

2 values (MRID 

40245522) 

Source not reported in 

PF 

Single value (24) x 3 

(MRID 47643005) MRID 40245520

Trifloxysulfuron-Na Single value (67) x 3 

(MRID 45371810, 

45371811) 

MRID 45371702 

Single value (19) x 3 

(MRID 45371814, 

45371815) 

MRID 45371806, 

45371807, 

45893304 

Triflusulfuron-methyl Single value (7.7) x 3 

(MRID 42466860) 

MRID 42496805, 

42496807 

90th %-ile c.b.on mean 

of 3 values (MRID 

48564603, -04) 

MRID 42991424

A "90th %-ile c.b." means "90th percentile confidence bound". 

Table 6.2.7 lists the screening-level aquatic acute EECs for the SUs and their ROCs, if 

applicable. EECs for parent compounds and their ROCs were similar for each SU. EECs were 

generally similar across SUs with most EECs between approximately 1 ug/L and 10 ug/L. 

Imazasulfuron and sulfometuron-methyl EECs were considerably higher than the rest of the SUs 

with an EEC of approximately 12 ug/L and 20 ug/L, respectively, which is consistent with their 

higher application rates relative to the other SUs. Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na and Mesosulfuronmethyl EECs were the two lowest at 0.41 ug/L and 0.62 ug/L, respectively, which is consistent 

with their relatively low application rates modeled relative to the other SUs. 

Table 6.2.7. SU ROC and Parent-only Aquatic Acute EECs 

Sulfonylurea Representative Agricultural 

Use

Parent-only 

Acute EEC (μg/L)

ROC Acute EEC 

(μg/L) A

Bensulfuron-methyl Rice 2.5 -- 

Chlorimuron-ethyl Soybeans 3.9 4.1 

Chlorsulfuron Rangeland/fallow 7.0 -- 

Flazasulfuron Grapes (no §3 ag. uses) 1.7 -- 

Foramsulfuron Corn 3.5 -- 

Halosulfuron-methyl Corn 4.4 -- 

Imazosulfuron Melons, vegetables 11.8 -- 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na Wheat 0.41 0.47 

Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat 0.62 0.67 

Metsulfuron-methyl Uncultivated areas 8.0 8.4 

Nicosulfuron Corn 3.6 -- 

Orthosulfamuron Rice 2.1 -- 

Primisulfuron-methyl Corn 2.0 -- 

Prosulfuron Corn, sorghum 2.0 -- 
Page 27 of 318

Sulfonylurea Representative Agricultural 

Use

Parent-only 

Acute EEC (μg/L)

ROC Acute EEC 

(μg/L) A

Rimsulfuron Rangeland 3.3 -- 

Sulfometuron-methyl Fallow, uncultivated areas 20 -- 

Sulfosulfuron Pastures 7.1 -- 

Thifensulfuron-methyl Most uses 2.4 2.6 

Triasulfuron Pastures, rangeland 2.0 2.2 

Tribenuron-methyl Field corn, blueberries 1.7 -- 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na Sugarcane 3.7 -- 

Triflusulfuron-methyl Sugarbeets 3.3 -- 

A ROC Acute EECs were not listed when the same as Parent-only Acute EECs. 

6.3. Risk Characterization for SU Herbicides to Aquatic Plants 

The ROC and parent-only risk quotients (RQ) for the SUs are listed in Table 6.3.1 for vascular 

plants and in Table 6.3.2 for non-vascular plants and displayed in Figure 6.3.1 for vascular 

plants and in Figure 6.3.2 for non-vascular plants. There was little to no difference between RQs 

for ROCs and for parent compound alone across all the SUs. 

Table 6.3.1. Vascular Plant Risk Quotients (Bold RQs Exceed Level of Concern, 1.0) 

Chemical IC50

(ppm) 

IC50

(ȝg/L) Ag Use 

ROC 

EEC 

(μg/L) 

ROC 

RQ 

Parent 

EEC 

(μg/L) 

Parent 

RQ 

Imazosulfuron N/A A N/A A Melons, vegetables 11.8 N/A A 11.8 N/A A

Nicosulfuron N/A A N/A A Corn 3.6 N/A A 3.6 N/A A

Halosulfuron-methyl 0.000042 0.042 Corn 4.4 105 4.4 105 

Metsulfuron-methyl 0.00036 0.36 Uncultivated areas 8.4 23 8 22 

Flazasulfuron 0.000076 0.076 Grapes (no ag uses) 1.7 22 1.7 22 

Chlorsulfuron 0.00035 0.35 Rangeland 7 20 7 20 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 0.00024 0.24 Sugarcane 3.7 15 3.7 15 

Chlorimuron-ethyl 0.00027 0.27 Soybeans 4.1 15 3.9 14 

Triasulfuron 0.00019 0.19 Pastures 2.2 12 2 11 

Sulfosulfuron 0.000985 0.985 Pastures 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.2 

Foramsulfuron 0.00056 0.56 Corn 3.5 6.3 3.5 6.3 

Sulfometuron-methyl 0.0045 4.5 Fallow 20 4.4 20 4.4 

Orthosulfamuron 0.0007 0.7 Rice 2.1 3 2.1 3 

Primisulfuron-methyl 0.0008 0.8 Corn 2 2.5 2 2.5 

Prosulfuron 0.00122 1.22 Corn, sorghum 2 1.6 2 1.6 

Thifensulfuron-methyl 0.00159 1.59 Most uses 2.6 1.6 2.4 1.5 

Triflusulfuron-methyl 0.00309 3.09 Sugarbeets 3.3 1.1 3.3 1.1 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 0.00064 0.64 Wheat 0.67 1.0 0.62 0.97 

Tribenuron-methyl 0.002 2 Field corn, blueberries 1.7 0.85 1.7 0.85 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 0.0007 0.7 Wheat 0.47 0.67 0.41 0.58 

Bensulfuron-methyl 0.0083 8.3 Rice 2.5 0.30 2.5 0.30 
Page 28 of 318

Chemical IC50

(ppm) 

IC50

(ȝg/L) Ag Use 

ROC 

EEC 

(μg/L) 

ROC 

RQ 

Parent 

EEC 

(μg/L) 

Parent 

RQ 

Rimsulfuron 0.0116 11.6 Rangeland 3.3 0.28 3.3 0.28 

A N/A means acceptable toxicity data were not available to support the assessment. 

Table 6.3.2. Non-vascular Plant Risk Quotients (Bold RQs Exceed Level of Concern, 1.0) 

Chemical IC50

(ppm) 

IC50

(ȝg/L) Ag Use 

ROC 

EEC 

(μg/L) 

ROC 

RQ 

Parent 

EEC 

(μg/L) 

Parent 

RQ 

Imazosulfuron N/A A N/A A Melons, vegetables 11.8 N/A A 11.8 N/A A

Nicosulfuron N/A A N/A A Corn 3.6 N/A A 3.6 N/A A

Halosulfuron-methyl 0.0041 4.1 Corn 4.4 1.1 4.4 1.1

Metsulfuron-methyl 0.031 31 Uncultivated areas 8.4 0.27 8 0.26 

Flazasulfuron 0.0041 4.1 Grapes (no ag uses) 1.7 0.41 1.7 0.41 

Chlorsulfuron 0.05 50 Rangeland 7 0.14 7 0.14

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 0.0056 5.6 Sugarcane 3.7 0.66 3.7 0.66

Chlorimuron-ethyl 0.00077 0.77 Soybeans 4.1 5.3 3.9 5.1 

Triasulfuron 0.035 35 Pastures 2.2 0.063 2 0.057 

Sulfosulfuron 0.31 310 Pastures 7.1 0.023 7.1 0.023 

Foramsulfuron 3.3 3300 Corn 3.5 0.0011 3.5 0.0011 

Sulfometuron-methyl 0.0043 4.3 Fallow 20 4.7 20 4.7

Orthosulfamuron 0.08 80 Rice 2.1 0.026 2.1 0.026 

Primisulfuron-methyl 0.098 98 Corn 2 0.020 2 0.02 

Prosulfuron 0.0106 10.6 Corn, sorghum 2 0.19 2 0.19 

Thifensulfuron-methyl >0.00263 2.63 Most uses 2.6 < 0.99 2.4 < 0.91 

Triflusulfuron-methyl 0.00484 4.84 Sugarbeets 3.3 0.68 3.3 0.68 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 2.4 2400 Wheat 0.67 0.00028 0.62 0.00026

Tribenuron-methyl 0.022 22 Field corn, blueberries 1.7 0.077 1.7 0.077 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 0.041 41 Wheat 0.47 0.011 0.41 0.010 

Bensulfuron-methyl 0.0078 7.8 Rice 2.5 0.32 2.5 0.32 

Rimsulfuron >0.029 29 Rangeland 3.3 0.11 3.3 0.11 

A N/A means acceptable toxicity data were not available to support the assessment. 
Page 29 of 318

Figure 6.3.1. SU RQs for Vascular Plants (Level of Concern is RQ = 1.0) 

Figure 6.3.2. SU RQs for Nonvascular Plants 

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Imazosulfuron

Nicosulfuron

HalosulfuronͲmethyl

MetsulfuronͲmethyl

Flazasulfuron

Chlorsulfuron

TrifloxysulfuronͲNa

ChlorimuronͲethyl

Triasulfuron

Sulfosulfuron

Foramsulfuron

SulfometuronͲmethyl

Orthosulfamuron

PrimisulfuronͲmethyl

Prosulfuron

ThifensulfuronͲ...

TriflusulfuronͲmethyl

MesosulfuronͲmethyl

TribenuronͲmethyl

IodosulfuronͲ...

BensulfuronͲmethyl

Rimsulfuron

RQ

SU

SU RQs for Vascular Plants

ROC RQ

Parent RQ

N/A N/A

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Nicosulfuron

Imazosulfuron

ChlorimuronͲethyl

SulfometuronͲmethyl

HalosulfuronͲmethyl

ThifensulfuronͲ...

TriflusulfuronͲmethyl

TrifloxysulfuronͲNa

Flazasulfuron

BensulfuronͲmethyl

MetsulfuronͲmethyl

Prosulfuron

Chlorsulfuron

Rimsulfuron

TribenuronͲmethyl

Triasulfuron

Orthosulfamuron

Sulfosulfuron

PrimisulfuronͲmethyl

IodosulfuronͲ...

Foramsulfuron

MesosulfuronͲmethyl

RQ

SU

SU RQs for Nonvascular Plants

ROC RQ

Parent RQ

N/A N/A
Page 30 of 318

As indicated, there are 3 SUs with screening risks of concern to both vascular and non-vascular 

plants (chlorimuron-ethyl, sulfometuron-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl), 13 SUs with 

screening risks of concern to vascular plants (but not nonvascular plants), 4 SUs with no 

screening risks of concern to either vascular or nonvascular plants, and 2 SUs with insufficient 

toxicity data to estimate risk to aquatic plants. Risks to vascular plants from the SUs generally 

appear to be greater than risks to nonvascular plants based on the greater sensitivity of vascular 

plants relative to non-vascular plants. 

The highest vascular plant RQ was for halosulfuron-methyl in large part due to its elevated 

toxicity relative to the other SUs. Chlorimuron-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl had the highest 

RQs for nonvascular plants. Chlorimuron-ethyl is the most toxic SU to non-vascular plants 

whereas sulfometuron-methyl has the highest EEC across the SUs. This analysis demonstrates 

that all SUs except tribenuron, iodosulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, and rimsulfuron have the 

potential to affect aquatic plants at representative application rates. 

7. Terrestrial Plant Risk Assessment 

The primary focus for SUs in this assessment is their effect on terrestrial non-target plants. As 

such, a great deal of analysis was conducted to evaluate and describe potential risks. Primarily, 

the distance off the treated site that drift deposition would result in RQs exceeding the LOC of 

1.0 was considered based on the AgDRIFTv 2.0 model. Standard RQs were also calculated 

based on TerrPlant v1.2.2 and the range of RQs per chemical are reported. 

7.1. Toxicity of SU Herbicides to Terrestrial Plants 

Available IC25s were collected for this assessment and are summarized in Appendix D. The 

most sensitive species for each SU are presented in Table 7.1. Toxicity of SUs to terrestrial plant 

taxa varies considerably across chemicals in the class and sensitivity within the data set for a 

given chemical also varies considerably. For instance, it is common for IC25s to vary by more 

than 1000-fold within the tested species for any given chemical. Vegetative vigor IC25s were 

generally more sensitive than seedling emergence IC25s and grasses were generally less sensitive 

than non-grasses. Grasses are plants in the family Poaceae; typical grasses as test species are 

corn, wheat, oat and ryegrass. The test species were not consistent across all the chemicals; 

however, several species tended to be more sensitive to SUs including cabbage, carrots, oilseed 

rape, and radish. It is difficult to compare the toxicities of the individual chemicals across the 

class; however, sensitive IC25s for each chemical were generally consistent with each other 

relative to application rates, although imazosulfuron was consistently the least toxic of the SU 

class. 

Table 7.1. Summary of Most Sensitive IC25s for Seedling Emergence (SE) and Vegetative 

Vigore (VV) 

Chemical name Species Effects 

endpoints VV/SE IC25 (lbs a.i./A) 

bensulfuron-methyl oilseed rape height SE 0.000154 
Page 31 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects 

endpoints VV/SE IC25 (lbs a.i./A) 

bensulfuron-methyl soybean biomass VV 0.000145 

chlorimuron-ethyl onion height SE 0.000011 

chlorimuron-ethyl oilseed rape height VV 0.000033 

chlorsulfuron pea biomass SE 0.00022 

chlorsulfuron oilseed rape height VV 0.0000098 

chlorsulfuron sugar beet biomass VV 0.0000098 

flazasulfuron cabbage biomass SE 0.00107 

flazasulfuron radish height VV 0.00004 

foramsulfuron lettuce biomass SE 0.0088308 

foramsulfuron radish biomass VV 5.17E-05 

halosulfuron-methyl lettuce height SE 9.90E-05 

halosulfuron-methyl radish biomass VV 0.000057 

imazosulfuron onion biomass SE 0.034 

imazosulfuron radish surv VV 0.08 

iodosulfuron-methyl-Na tomato height SE 3.50E-06 

iodosulfuron-methyl-Na lettuce height VV 3.70E-10 

mesosulfuron-methyl lettuce height SE 0.00082 

mesosulfuron-methyl soybean biomass VV 0.00014 

metsulfuron-methyl sugar beet biomass SE 0.000322 

metsulfuron-methyl sugar beet biomass VV 0.0000887 

nicosulfuron sorghum biomass SE 0.000954 

nicosulfuron oilseed rape biomass VV 0.00208 

orthosulfamuron radish biomass SE 0.04 

orthosulfamuron carrot biomass VV 0.00012 

primisulfuron-methyl cucumber height SE 0.000132 

primisulfuron-methyl cucumber height VV 0.000127 

prosulfuron lettuce biomass SE 0.000071 

prosulfuron onion biomass VV 0.00041 

rimsulfuron sorghum biomass SE 0.000164 

rimsulfuron oilseed rape height VV 0.000274 

sulfometuron-methyl tomato biomass SE 0.000078 

sulfometuron-methyl soybean biomass VV 0.000018 

sulfosulfuron cucumber biomass SE >0.001 

sulfosulfuron radish biomass VV 0.00009 

thifensulfuron-methyl onion biomass SE 3.47E-05 
Page 32 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects 

endpoints VV/SE IC25 (lbs a.i./A) 

thifensulfuron-methyl sugar beet biomass VV 3.02E-05 

triasulfuron lettuce height SE 0.000085 

triasulfuron lettuce height VV 0.0000339 

tribenuron sugar beet height SE 0.0018 

tribenuron sugar beet biomass VV 0.018a

trifloxysulfuron-Na lettuce biomass SE 0.00061 

trifloxysulfuron-Na radish biomass VV 0.00001 

triflusulfuron-methyl sorghum height SE >0.125 

triflusulfuron-methyl oilseed rape biomass VV 0.000087 

a

data taken provisionally from MRID 47748203 

7.2. Exposure of SU Herbicides to Terrestrial Plants 

Standard RQs for plants from TerrPlant v1.2.2 were calculated for the most sensitive vegetative 

vigor endpoints for each chemical. Additionally, the spray drift fraction at 200 feet for each 

chemical was calculated using AgDRIFT. All endpoints were then compared to the resulting 

EEC to calculate drift-only RQs. The distance of 200 feet was selected as it is roughly where the 

drift-only fractions in TerrPlant, 1% for ground and 5% for aerial, occur based on AgDRIFT 

default modeling. More information on the AgDRIFT and TerrPlants models can be found at 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_pg.htm#terrestrial.

As a measure of refinement, spray drift distances to the LOC were considered for both vegetative 

vigor and seedling emergence. For ground spray applications, both high- and low-boom 

applications were considered, using the default droplet size spectrum (fine to medium/coarse) 

and deposition curve from the AgDRIFT 2.0 model. For aerial application, the AgDRIFT 

deposition curves for medium to coarse droplet sizes (model default) were considered. 

Additionally, coarse to very coarse and very coarse to ultra coarse droplet spectra were 

considered for their effect on distance from the edge of application to the LOC. 

Terrestrial plant analyses used the application rate presented in Table 6.2.1. However, 

sulfometuron was also analyzed at the pasture/rangeland rate since all application methods at the 

forestry rate resulted in almost all plants, for both the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor 

endpoints, being at risk to over 1000 feet from the edge of application. 

7.3. TerrPlant Analysis 

Plants immediately adjacent to a treated field may be at risk from exposure to SUs through 

runoff and spray drift. Currently, the TerrPlant model is used to derive EECs for runoff plus a 

drift fraction for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants near areas where pesticides have been 

applied. Runoff exposure is assessed in TerrPlant under two scenarios: sheet and channelized 

runoff. In the sheet runoff scenario, the treated area generating runoff is assumed to drain into an 

area with equal size containing seedlings, resulting in 1, 2, or 5% of the amount applied being 
Page 33 of 318

deposited (based on solubility; for SUs, 5% is used). In the channelized runoff scenario, a tento-one ratio of treatment area to receiving area is used to calculate the amount being deposited on 

soil with emerging or emerged seedlings. Spray drift is also a source of pesticide loading to nontarget areas and assumed fractions of 1% for ground and 5% for aerial are added to the runoff 

estimates. These default drift fractions are correlated to roughly 200 feet from the edge of 

application based on AgDRIFT default inputs. TerrPlant estimates EECs based on application 

rate, application method, chemical solubility in water, type of runoff (sheet vs channelized flow) 

and default assumptions of drift. The RQs derived from TerrPlant for the most sensitive species 

for each SU are provided in Table 7.3.1. Under the current paradigm, runoff EECs are only used 

with seedling emergence endpoints while the more sensitive of seedling emergence or vegetative 

vigor are compared to the spray drift alone. 

Table 7.3.1. TerrPlant RQs for the the most sensitive species for each chemical. 

Chemical Name 

RQs 

Dry Areas Semi-Aquatic Drift Only 

 Bensulfuron-methyl 41 225 22 

 Chlorimuron-ethyl 727 4000 364 

 Chlorsulfuron 28 156 319 

 Flazasulfuron 4.2 23 56 

 Foramsulfuron 0.43 2.4 37 

 Halosulfuron-methyl 95 522 82 

 Imazosulfuron 0.88 4.8 0.44 

 Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 254 1399 1203 

 Mesosulfuron-methyl 1.6 8.7 4.6 

 Metsulfuron-methyl 46 256 85 

 Nicosulfuron 6.9 38 3.5 

 Orthosulfamuron 0.17 0.91 28 

 Primisulfuron-methyl 27 150 14 

 Prosulfuron 51 279 25 

 Rimsulfuron 38 211 19 

 Sulfometuron-methyl 487 2679 1056 

Sulfometuron-methyl (R) 90 496 195 

Sulfosulfuron 9.4 52 52 

Thifensulfuron-methyl 81 444 46 

Triasulfuron 33 181 41 

Tribenuron-methyl 172 947 86 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 4.6 25 140 

 Triflusulfuron-methyl <0.1 0.14 18 

Although seedling emergence endpoints are generally less sensitive than vegetative vigor 

endpoints for SUs, the highest estimated exposures are generated from the channelized runoff 

scenarios in TerrPlant. Due to this, the highest RQs result in the ‘semi-aquatic’ areas as defined 
Page 34 of 318

in the TerrPlant model. While all drift-alone RQs exceed the LOC five- to 1220-fold (except for 

imazosulfuron), these RQs, in the case of the SUs, are derived from the vegetative vigor 

endpoints. The highest RQs, up to 4000, are generally in the ‘semi-aquatic’ area and derived 

from the seedling emergence endpoints. 

Another way of looking at the data is to evaluate the range of RQs across all test species. As 

noted above, the spray drift defaults in TerrPlant correspond to roughly 200 feet from the edge of 

application, so the range of RQs at 200 feet can be informative. Figure 7.3.1 shows the spread 

of RQs for the vegetative vigor endpoints for exposure to spray drift alone (medium to coarse 

droplets). Note that two of the highest RQs, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na at 1097 and sulfometuronmethyl at 963were removed for presentation and scale purposes. 

Figure 7.3.1. The spread of vegetative vigor RQs for drift alone (aerial; medium to coarse) 

at 200 feet from the edge of application. 

Runoff distances from the edge of the application area are difficult to quantify, especially for 

channelized flow, but it can be speculated that, in general, exposure from runoff attenuates with 

distance. 

7.4. Aggregate Spray Drift 

In this section, the entirety of the data available are used to demonstrate the overall effect of 

droplet size spectra on distances from the edge of the application area. This means that all of the 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

RQ

Drift Only RQs for SU Herbicides
Page 35 of 318

species in both seedling emergence and vegetative vigor for all chemicals are looked at as a 

whole. This aggregation includes multiple studies that include corn, soybean, etc., both within 

and across chemicals, though each study is only included once. Another note is that if a species 

counts as an exceedance at a greater distance (e.g. 1000’), that same species is included in the 

count at a nearer distance (e.g. 50’). 

AgDRIFT deposition curves and droplet spectra are used to characterize RQs and to estimate the 

distance from an application that adverse effects to plants may be expected to occur from spray 

drift alone. This part of the assessment includes both seedling emergence and vegetative vigor 

endpoints and presents analyses for aerial and ground spray applications. The ground spray 

analysis uses the AgDRIFT default fine to medium/coarse droplet spectrum, but evaluates the 

effect of high boom versus low boom application heights on distance to the level of concern. 

The aerial analysis also uses AgDRIFT Tier 1 defaults, but looks at the effect of droplet size 

spectra on distance to the level of concern. The level of concern is 1.0 for all plant analyses (i.e.

where the EEC is equal to the IC25). The AgDrift analysis assumes that applications are made at 

a wind speed less than 10 m.p.h, a boom length of 75% of the wing span, release height of no 

more than 10 feet above the canopy for aerial and 2 feet above the canopy for ground spray 

applications, and no temperature inversions are present during application. Labels that do not 

specify, at a minimum, these requirements may result in spray drift that is considerably greater 

than what is presented in this assessment, particularly due to wind speed. 

Figures 7.4.1, 7.4.2 and 7.4.3 show aggregate numbers of species tested, across all SUs, that are 

at or exceed the LOC at a given distance from an aerial application of various droplet spectra 

(based on ASABE S572). Table 7.4.1 provides the same information in tabular form. Figure 

7.4.1 is an application of medium to coarse droplets, Figure 7.4.2 coarse to very coarse and 

Figure 7.4.3 very coarse to ultra coarse. 

Figure 7.4.1. Total number (y-axis) of tested species exceeding the LOC at a given distance 

(x-axis; in feet) from an aerial application of medium to coarse droplet size spectrum 

(ASABE S572) for all SUs combined. 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

>0 ш25 ш50 ш100 ш200 ш300 ш400 ш500 ш600 ш700 ш800 ш900 >997

Grasses Non grasses
Page 36 of 318

Figure 7.4.2 Number of total tested species (y-xis) exceeding the LOC at a given distance (xaxis; in feet) from an aerial application of coarse to very coarse droplet size spectrum 

(ASABE S572). 

Figure 7.4.3. Number of total tested species (y-xis) exceeding the LOC at a given distance 

(x-axis; in feet) from an aerial application of very coarse to ultra coarse droplet size 

spectrum (ASABE S572). 

Table 7.4.1. Numbers of IC25s that equal or exceed the LOC for three droplet size spectra 

(ASABE S572) at specified distances. 

 

Distance (ft) 

very coarse-extreme 

coarse coarse-very coarse medium-coarse 

Grasses Non grasses Grasses Non grasses Grasses Non grasses 

>0 57 190 93 245 93 245 

25 52 172 73 212 78 219 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

>0 ш25 ш50 ш100 ш200 ш300 ш400 ш500 ш600 ш700 ш800 ш900 >997

Grasses Non grasses

0

50

100

150

200

250

>0 ш25 ш50 ш100 ш200 ш300 ш400 ш500 ш600 ш700 ш800 ш900 >997

Grasses Non grasses
Page 37 of 318

 

Distance (ft) 

very coarse-extreme 

coarse coarse-very coarse medium-coarse 

Grasses Non grasses Grasses Non grasses Grasses Non grasses 

50 37 154 61 196 72 207 

100 30 134 43 168 55 186 

200 21 104 31 137 37 154 

300 15 87 22 114 31 140 

400 13 79 19 98 24 122 

500 11 64 15 89 22 111 

600 8 58 14 80 20 101 

700 8 53 13 79 17 94 

800 8 46 13 71 15 89 

900 7 45 11 64 15 81 

>997 7 42 9 61 14 80 

As shown above, droplet size spectrum makes a large difference in the number of species at risk 

at distances from the edge of the application area. The coarser the droplet spectrum used in 

application, the shorter the distance from the application site to the LOC, where a species is 

considered to be at risk. For instance, the number of exceedances at 1000 feet (49) from the 

application for very coarse to ultra coarse droplets is roughly half that for applications of 

medium to coarse (94). 

While the data presented are for aerial applications, the same general trends are expected to hold 

true for ground applications across droplet spectra. However, the difference between high boom 

and low boom applications does not result in as dramatic a shift (Table7.4.2). Nonetheless, 

lower release height does decrease the number of exceedances at a given distance. 

Table 7.4.2. Numbers of IC25s that are at or exceed the EEC for ground applications at two 

release heights (droplet spectrum fine to medium/coarse). 

 Low boom High Boom 

Distance (ft) Grasses Non grasses Grasses Non grasses 

>0 105 271 105 272 

25 30 134 37 153 

50 21 107 25 126 

100 14 80 17 96 

200 8 60 13 77 

300 8 47 8 60 

400 7 44 8 52 

500 7 39 7 46 

600 7 33 7 43 

700 7 29 7 39 

800 5 27 7 34 

900 5 25 7 31 
Page 38 of 318

 Low boom High Boom 

Distance (ft) Grasses Non grasses Grasses Non grasses 

>997 5 24 7 28 

A closer look at the data shows the number of species with RQs that meet or exceed the LOC 

(RQ = 1) at 1000 feet from the edge of the application area (Table 7.4.3). Also reported in the 

table are the species that exceed at or beyond 400 feet from the edge of the application area. 

Table 7.4.3. Count of Distances to LOC Exceeding 1,000 feet or 400 feet for Aerial Application 

using Very Coarse to Extremely Coarse Spray Quality 

Parent SU No. of 

Distances to 

LOC > 

1,000 ft 

Test Species with LOC Distance 

>1,000 feet 

Other Test Species and 

distance to LOC >400 feet 

(distance to exceedance) 

Sulfometuronmethyl 9 Corn, cucumber, Oilseed rape, 

pea, soybean, sugarbeet, tomato, 

sorghum, wheat 

Onion (747) 

Metsulfuronmethyl 5 Cucumber, onion, soybean, 

sugarbeet, tomato 

Oilseed rape (568) 

Chlorsulfuron 5 Oilseed rape, onion, pea, soybean, 

sugarbeet 

Tomato (641) 

Sorghum (517) 

Chlorimuron 4 Oilseed rape, onion, pea, 

sugarbeet 

Tomato (499) 

Iodosulfuronmethyl-Na 3 onion, cabbage, lettuce Ryegrass (479) 

Tomato (528) 

Thifensulfuron 2 Oilseed rape, sugarbeet Onion (790) 

Sorghum (487) 

Flazasulfuron 1 Radish Carrot (455) 

Halosulfuron 1 Radish Cabbage (731) 

Foramsulfuron, 

Sulfosulfuron, 

Trifloxysulfuron 

1 Radish -- 

Triasulfuron 1 Lettuce -- 

Orthosulfamuron 0 -- Radish (455) 

Carrot (764) 

Primisulfuron 0 -- Cucumber (433) 

Bensulfuronmethyl 0 -- Oilseed rape (433) 

Soybean (626) 

Tomato (440) 

Triflusulfuron 0 -- Oilseed rape (528) 

Rimsulfuron 0 -- None; max. distance 359 

feet (oilseed rape) 

Mesosulfuronmethyl 0 -- None; max. distance 149 

feet (soybean) 

Prosulfuron 0 -- None; max. distance 140 

feet (onion) 
Page 39 of 318

Nicosulfuron 0 -- None: max. distance 33 

feet (oilseed rape) 

Imazosulfuron 0 -- None; max. distance zero 

feet (10 species) 

Tribenuron Insufficient data 

Another way of looking at the aggregate data is by the number of chemicals for each test species 

in various distance bins across chemicals and droplet spectra. Table 7.4.4 reports the number of 

species that are below 100 feet to the LOC, greater than 100 feet and greater than or equal to 

1000 feet. Not all chemicals were tested with each species; some species were tested for one 

chemical (not shown). 
Page 40 of 318

Table 7.4.4. Number of chemicals, by species, that result in distances to the LOC (in feet), by dropet spectrum (aerial application). 

Test species 

MedCoarse Coarse- Very Very- Extreme Med- Coarse Coarse- Very Very-Extreme Med- Coarse Coarse- Very Very- Extreme 

 <100’ <100’ <100’ >100’ >100’ >100’ >1000’ >1000’ >1000’ Radish 1 1 2 8 8 7 6 4 4 Corn 14 14 15 5 5 4 1 1 1 Cucumber 6 8 11 13 11 9 3 2 2 Oat 10 11 15 6 5 1 0 0 0 OilseedRape 1 1 2 10 10 9 8 5 4 Onion 7 10 12 14 11 9 6 6 4 Pea 4 4 6 6 6 4 3 3 3 Ryegrass 3 8 9 9 4 3 1 0 0 Soybean 7 8 11 14 13 10 4 4 3 SugarBeet 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 Tomato 7 10 11 12 9 8 5 3 2 Sorghum 1 1 1 6 6 6 3 1 1 Wheat 5 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 Cabbage 0 1 1 8 7 7 2 2 1 Carrot 0 0 0 6 6 6 2 1 0 Lettuce 2 4 6 9 7 5 2 2 2 TOTAL 72 90 111 133 115 95 52 40 33 
Page 41 of 318

7.5. Species-Specific Spray Drift 

While the above analysis provides illustration of the potential shifts in the risk picture that may 

be attained by increasing droplet sizes, the data shown are an aggregate across all species tested 

for 21 of the 22 SUs evaluated in this assessment. To look more closely at how different 

chemicals affect different species, the available terrestrial plant toxicity data for each chemical 

were assessed for distance to LOC for each growth stage, seedling emergence and vegetative 

vigor; results are presented graphically. Vegetative vigor endpoints by species and droplet size 

spectrum are presented in full in Appendix E. Seedling emergence endpoints by species and 

droplet size spectrum are presented in full in Appendix F. The labeled dots on the graphs are 

the LOC for each chemical, with the endpoint in parentheses (e.g. biomass). Different droplet 

size spectra were applied to each species/chemical combination and the results portrayed 

graphically. It is important to note that the y-axis in these graphs has no meaning; the chemicals 

are listed in alphabetical order from top to bottom. Also, on the x-axis is distance from edge of 

field (EOF), and while it is labeled out to 1200 feet, the analysis was truncated at 1000 feet as 

discussed earlier because 1000 feet is the furthest extent predicted by Tier 1 AgDrift modeling. 

Two application rates are modeled for sulfometuron methyl, one for forestry application rate 

(0.38 lbs ai/A) and one for the the rangeland rate (0.09 lbs ai/A; denoted on the graphs as (R)), as 

it is unclear what rate would be most appropriate to model. Second, all chemicals were modeled 

for both aerial and ground applications; however, not all uses for all chemicals allow aerial 

applications. Tribenuron was not included in this drift analysis due to an incomplete terrestrial 

plant toxicity dataset. 

Although AgDRIFT modeling indicates that spray drift could potentially pose a risk hundreds of 

feet from the edge of application, individual application scenarios are too varied to characterize 

spray drift exposure simply. For instance, spray drift from application to rights-of-way passing 

through wooded areas could be greatly reduced through interception by the trees on either side, 

although the trees themselves might be damaged. Spray drift from applications in more 

inhabited areas could be intercepted by buildings and other man-made structures. 

While it would be difficult to go into great detail here about each species/chemical combination, 

Figures 7.5.1 through 7.5.6 demonstrate the effect of droplet spectra on the distance to the 

LOC, based on the vegetative vigor endpoints. Corn was chosen for this exercise because it, 

along with soybean, are species tested for each chemical. Oilseed rape was selected as an 

additional species to help illustrate the interpretation of the graphs presented in the appendices. 

For plant species with sensitivities similar to corn, six SUs meet or exceed the LOC at greater 

than 200 feet from the edge of an aerial application of medium to coarse droplets: trisulfuronmethyl, flazasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron and both modeled 

rates for sulfometuron-methyl (Figure 7.5.1). Four of those meet or exceed the LOC at greater 

than 600 feet from the edge of application. Figure 7.5.2 presents the same analysis for oilseed 

rape, which is generally considerably more sensitive to SUs than corn. The graph shows that the 

LOC is exceeded for all SUs tested at 1000 feet except nicosulfuron and orthosulfuron. 

However, only approximately 1⁄2 of the SUs have been tested on oilseed rape. 
Page 42 of 318

Figure 7.5.1. Distance to the LOC for each chemical for corn, medium to coarse droplets. 

Red dots indicate nondefinitive values. 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) flazasulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

orthosulfamuron(height) methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass) triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV
Page 43 of 318

Figure 7.5.2. Distance to the LOC for each chemical for oilseed rape, medium to coarse 

droplets. Red dots indicate nondefinitive values. 

When the droplet size is increased to coarse to very coarse (Figure 7.5.3), the distances generally 

decrease such that all chemicals excepting sulfometuron fall below 500 feet for corn. Distances 

for two additional SUs fall below 1000 feet for oilseed rape (Figure 7.5.4). 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

1,000

chlorsulfuron(height),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

158

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

, 0

rimsulfuron(height), 1,000

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV
Page 44 of 318

Figure 7.5.3. Distance to the LOC for each chemical for corn, coarse to very coarse 

droplets. 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) mesosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(height)

primisulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV
Page 45 of 318

Figure 7.5.4. Distance to the LOC for each chemical for oilseed rape, coarse to very coarse 

droplets. 

The distances fall further yet when the droplet size spectrum is increased to very coarse to ultra 

coarse (Figure 7.5.5.). At this spectrum, all chemicals distance to the LOC for species with 

sensitivity similar to corn falls to below 300 feet. The exception remains sulfometuron methyl, 

which demonstrates an appreciable toxicity to corn. A similar trend is seen for oilseed rape 

(Figure 7.5.6) as well with distances reduced considerably for a larger number of SUs compared 

with smaller droplet spectrum, although LOCs are still exceeded for most SUs at considerable 

distances from treated sites. LOCs are still exceeded at 1000 feet for 4 of the 11 SUs tested 

compared with 9 of 11 SUs tested at a medium to coarse droplet spectrum. 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 768

chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

1,000

chlorsulfuron(height),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

103

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

, 0

rimsulfuron(height), 636

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 941

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV
Page 46 of 318

Figure 7.5.5. Distance to the LOC for each chemical for corn, very coarse to ultra coarse 

droplets. 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

mesosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(height)

primisulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV
Page 47 of 318

Figure 7.5.6. Distance to the LOC for each chemical for oilseed rape, very coarse to ultra 

coarse droplets. 

7.6. Provisional use of Audrey III 

The Office of Pesticide Programs is developing a model for estimating exposure to terrestrial 

plants called Audrey III (Appendix G). Audrey III is based on a new conceptual model (Figure 

7.6.1.) and uses PRZM to estimate runoff of a treated onto a Plant Exposure Zone (PEZ) where it 

is combined with loading from spray drift. 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

433 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(height)

, 1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 568

nicosulfuron(biomass),

33

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 0

rimsulfuron(height),

359

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass), 942 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

thifensulfuron 1,000 Ͳ

methyl(biomass),

triflusulfuronͲ 1,000

methyl(biomass),

528

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV
Page 48 of 318

Figure 7.6.1. Conceptual model for Audrey III. 

Loading from runoff is limited by the capacity of the PEZ to retain water and the width of the 

PEZ is limited to the area that can reasonably be assumed to maintain distributed overland flow. 

For this assessment, this width was assumed to be 30 m. 

The current, provisional version of Audrey III is run in a spreadsheet using the equations 

described in Appendices G and H. The runoff volume, and the mass of pesticide carried with the 

runoff, and on eroded sediment are taken from the ‘ZTS’ file which is output from PRZM. 

PRZM version 5.0+ is run in the Surface Water Concentration Calculator version 1.25, a shell 

that is used to manage input and output and run PRZM and Variable Volume Waterbody Model 

(VVWM). The VVWM component of SWCC is not used by Audrey III. Spray drift curves are 

the same as those in the AgDrift model and have been imbedded in the Audrey III spreadsheet. 

These curves assume that the wind was blowing at 10 mph directly towards the PEZ during 

application of the pesticide. 

The application practices simulated for each of 20 pesticides is in Table 7.6.1. Pesticides which 

only had rice uses, bensulfuron-methyl methyl and orthosulfamuron, were not simulated as 

overland flow of runoff would not be expected for that use. These application practices are the 

same as those for the aquatic simulations with GENEEC. 
Page 49 of 318

Table 7.6.1. Sulfonylurea Representative Agricultural Use Patterns Simulated with Audrey 

III 

Sulfonylurea Representative Agricultural 

Use

Single App. 

Rate 

(lbs a.i./A)

Reapp. 

Interval 

(days)

Annual 

App. Rate 

(lbs a.i./A)

App. 

Method 

Chlorimuron-ethyl Soybeans 0.080 N/A 0.080 Aerial 

Chlorsulfuron Rangeland/fallow 0.062 7 0.12 Aerial 

Flazasulfuron Grapes (no §3 ag. uses) 0.045 90 0.090 Ground 

Foramsulfuron Corn 0.038 7 C 0.076 Aerial 

Halosulfuron-methyl Corn 0.094 N/A 0.094 Ground 

Imazosulfuron Melons, vegetables 0.30 N/A 0.30 Ground 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na Wheat 0.0089 N/A 0.0089 Ground 

Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat 0.013 N/A 0.013 Aerial 

Metsulfuron-methyl Uncultivated areas 0.15 N/A 0.15 Aerial 

Nicosulfuron Corn 0.066 N/A 0.066 Aerial 

Primisulfuron-methyl Corn 0.036 N/A 0.036 Aerial 

Prosulfuron Corn, sorghum 0.036 N/A 0.036 Aerial 

Rimsulfuron Rangeland 0.063 N/A 0.063 Aerial 

Sulfometuron-methyl Fallow, uncultivated areas 0.38 N/A 0.38 Aerial 

Sulfosulfuron Pastures 0.094 7 0.13 Aerial 

Thifensulfuron-methyl fallow 0.028 7 0.047 Aerial 

Triasulfuron Pastures, rangeland 0.028 7 0.039 Aerial 

Tribenuron-methyl Field corn, blueberries 0.031 N/A 0.031 Aerial 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na Sugarcane 0.028 14 0.070 Aerial 

Triflusulfuron-methyl Sugar beets 0.031 7 0.078 Aerial 

Some of the SU which allowed more than 1 application had annual maximum application rates 

which were not even multiples of the single application rate. This results in unequal applications 

for these compounds. For sulfosulfuron, the first application was made on July 1 at the full single 

application rate of 0.096 lb/acre, while the second application was made at 0.034 lb/acre which is 

the remainder of the maximum annual application rate. For the same reason, the two applications 

of thifensulfuron methyl and triasulfuron were made at 0.028 and 0.019 lb/acre and 0.028 and 

0.011 lb/acre, respectively. Three applications of triasulfuron were 14 days apart with two and 

0.031 lb/acre and the third at 0.016 to add up to the seasonal maximum of 0.78 lb/acre. 

Table 7.6.2. Sulfonylurea Representative Agricultural Use Patterns Simulated with Audrey 

III 

Sulfonylurea Use Site Scenario Soil Weather First App 

Date 

Chlorimuron-ethyl Soybeans MS soybean Loring silt loam Little Rock, AR E+14 

Chlorsulfuron Rangeland FL turf Adamsville sand Daytona Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Flazasulfuron 

Grapes NY grape 

Lordstown 

channery silt 

loam 

Erie, PA E+14 
Page 50 of 318

Sulfonylurea Use Site Scenario Soil Weather First App 

Date 

Foramsulfuron 

Corn KS corn Wymore silty 

clay loam Topeka, KS E+14 

Halosulfuron-methyl Corn KS corn Wymore silty 

clay loam Topeka, KS E+14 

Imazosulfuron Melons Fl cucumber Riviera sand West Palm Beach, 

FL E+21 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na Wheat ND wheat Bearden silty clay 

loam Fargo, ND E+14 

Mesosulfuron-methyl Wheat ND wheat Bearden silty clay 

loam Fargo, ND E+14 

Metsulfuron-methyl Uncultivated areas FL cucumber Riviera sand West Palm Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Nicosulfuron 

Corn KS corn Wymore silty 

clay loam Topeka, KS E+14 

Primisulfuron-methyl Corn KS corn Wymore silty 

clay loam Topeka, KS E+14 

Prosulfuron 

Corn KS corn Wymore silty 

clay loam Topeka, KS E+14 

Rimsulfuron Rangeland Fl turf Adamsville sand Daytona Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Sulfometuron-methyl Fallow Fl cucumber Riviera sand West Palm Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Sulfosulfuron Pastures Fl turf Adamsville sand Daytona Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Thifensulfuron-methyl fallow FL cucumber Riviera sand West Palm Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Triasulfuron Pastures Fl turf Adamsville sand Daytona Beach, 

FL 7/1 

Tribenuron-methyl Field corn, KS corn Wymore silty 

clay loam Topeka, KS H+14 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na Sugarcane FL sugarcane Wabasso fine 

sand 

West Palm Beach, 

FL 9/1 

Triflusulfuron-methyl Sugarbeets MN sugarbeet Bearden silty 

clay loam Fargo, ND P+3 

E: emergence; H: after harvest; P: at plant 

For each sulfonylurea and the selected use pattern a scenario was selected that is expected to 

produce higher exposure values than most the of the sites in that use pattern (Table 7.6.2). In 

general, label applications of sulfonylurea herbicides to be made –“post-emergence” were made 

14 days after the emergence date of the crop, unless there were other timing restrictions on the 

label. Applications to turf-like scenarios (e.g. pasture, rangeland) were made on July 1 during 

the middle of the primary growing season in Florida where the turf scenario is located. 

Flazasulfuron requires a 25 ft buffer between the edge of the application and sensitive grasses 

and plants and the use of a medium of coarser spray. Imazosulfuron labels states that the melon 

must be at least 5 inches before application so application was made 21 days after emergence. 

Tribenuron methyl and trifloxystrobin sodium can both be applied post-harvest. As this use 
Page 51 of 318

pattern often causes the largest runoff values, this application pattern was chosen for these two 

active ingredients. Trisulfuron methyl can be applied to sugar beets any time after planting, so a 

3 day post-planting date was chosen for the application. For triflusulfuron, application was made 

3 days after planting. Planting was assumed to be 14 days before emergence. The first 

application of trifloxysulfuron was made on September 1 this represents a fall application after 

harvest. 

The chemistry input parameters used in Audrey III are listed in Table 7.6.3. The partition 

coefficient and aerobic soil metabolism half-life values are the same as those used for GENEEC. 

Solubility, vapor pressure, and molecular weight data are from the fate data for each pesticide. 

Note that these three parameters are necessary for SWCC to run but they do not affect the output 

of Audrey III. A foliar decay half-life of 35 d and a washoff coefficient of 0.5 cm-1 was assumed 

for all chemicals. 

Table 7.6.3. Modeled Sulfonylurea ROC Chemical Parameters 

Sulfonylurea Kd or KOC MWT ASM Half-life (d) Solubility (mg·L-1) vapor pressure (torr)

Chlorimuron-ethyl KOC=91 414.83 147 1200 4.0 x 10-12

Chlorsulfuron KFOC=21 357.77 0 3,180,000 2.3 x 10-11

Flazasulfuron Kd=3.2 407.36 75 2,100 9.98 x 10-8

Foramsulfuron KFOC=78 452.3 30 3,290 7.5 x 10-6

Halosulfuron-methyl KFOC=109 434.81 1489 1,650 1 x10-7

Imazosulfuron KOC=242 412.81 141 429 2.63 x 10-8

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na KFOC=21 529.28 68 25,000 2.6 x 10-9

Mesosulfuron-methyl KFOC=78 503.55 131 483 1.1 x 10-11

Metsulfuron-methyl KFOC=21 381.4 73 109 2.5 x 10-12

Nicosulfuron KOC=35 410.4 216 8,070 5.25 x 10-8

Primisulfuron-methyl KFOC=12 468.34 86 70 3.8 x 10-8

Prosulfuron KF=0.22 419.38 562 4,000 <2.6x10-8

Rimsulfuron KFOC=47 431.4 47 7,300 1.45 x 10-11

Sulfometuron-methyl KFOC=63 364.38 65 244 5.4 x 10-16

Sulfosulfuron KF=0.29 470.49 183 1,627 2.29 x 10-10 

Thifensulfuron-methyl KFOC=28 387.39 188 2,240 5.6 x 10-11

Triasulfuron KF=0.34 401.82 110 1,500 7.5 x 10-11

Tribenuron-methyl KFOC=31 395.4 60 2,040 4.0 x 10-10 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na KF=0.59 459.4 200 25.7 9.7 x 10-9 

Triflusulfuron-methyl KF=0.64 492.43 23 110 <1 x 10-7 

A ROC model inputs that differ from parent compound-only inputs are in bold. 

While Audrey III is not currently the Agency’s official tool for assessing exposure to plants, it 

can be used to supplement the characterization of terrestrial risk to plants that may be identified 

using TerrPlant. Future versions of Audrey III will address exposure in wetlands and aquatic 

environments. Audrey III advantages as compared to TerrPlant include a more clearly 

constructed conceptual model which is related to the conceptual model used for other 

environmental exposure assessments for pesticides, the ability to combine runoff and spray drift 
Page 52 of 318

routes of exposure, the capability to assess how risk changes with location and crop, and to see 

how the exposure varies with time at a given site. 

The results of the Audrey III simulations are in Table 7.6.4. Model outputs are included in 

Attachment 1. These results represent the combined exposure for spray drift and runoff, and 

eroded sediment at the edge of the PEZ farthest from the treated field. There was not sufficient 

toxicity data available for tribenuron, so only the 1-in-10 year peak EEC is listed. Only 

triflusulfuron used on sugar beets had EECs below the LOC of 1. For all other uses the RQs 

ranged from10.7 for foramsulfuron on corn to 9916 for chlorimuron ethyl on soybeans in 

Mississippi. In all cases other than triflusulfuron and imazosulfuron, the LOC was exceeded in 

all years in the simulation. The first year simulated was not for imazosulfuron. However, this 

was an artifact of the applications being made late in the year. 

In some cases EECs on the PEZ exceeded the single application rate. For example, the EEC for 

chlorimuron was 0.12 lb/acre whereas the single application rate was 0.080 lb/acre. This is 

presumed to be due to the accumulation of the pesticide from multiple spray and runoff events, 

but suggest caution in interpreting the results of Audrey until the tool is better validated against 

field results. 

While there were exceedances in every year for most SUs, the duration of the exceedances varied 

considerably. The rightmost column in Table 7.6.4 is the fraction of the total time in the 

simulation that the EEC was over the IC25 for the most sensitive crop measured. Primisulfuron 

exceeded the LOC only 11% of the time while flazasulfuron and mesosulfuron methyl both 

exceeded the LOC for 80% of the time, suggesting that they have much greater potential for 

suppressing new plant emergence. 

Table 7.6.4. Results of Audrey III simulations for estimation of risk to seedling emergence 

of terrestrial plants from selected uses. 

Sulfonylurea Seedling Emergence EC25

(kg/ha)

1 in 10 Year 

EECA RQ

% Years 

with 

exceedance

% Time 

with 

Exceedance

Chlorimuron-ethyl 3.7 x 10-5 (onion) 0.036 2929 100 61.4 

Chlorsulfuron 2.47 x10-4 (tomato) 0.063 255 100 31.0 

Flazasulfuron 1.2 x 10-3 (cabbage) 0.010 8.5 100 57.4 

Foramsulfuron 9.9 x 10-3 (lettuce) 0.025 2.54 100 6.7 

Halosulfuron-methyl 1.11 x 10-4 (lettuce) 0.036 326 100 30.5 

Imazosulfuron 3.8 x 10-2 (onion) 0.079 2.1 73 7.5 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 3.92 x 10-6 (tomato) .0009 219 100 56.6 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 9.2 x 10-4 (lettuce) 0.0048 5.2 100 42.3 

Metsulfuron-methyl 3.61 x 10-4 (sugar beet) 0.11 315 100 39.6 

Nicosulfuron 1.07 x 10-3 (sorghum) 0.024 22.5 100 15.3 

Primisulfuron-methyl 1.48 x 10-4 (cucumber) 0.011 72.4 100 11.1 

Prosulfuron 8.0 x 10-5 (lettuce) 0.011 138.4 100 14.3 

Rimsulfuron 1.84 x 10-4 (sugar beet) 0.017 94.1 100 16.5 

Sulfometuron-methyl 8.75 x 10-5 (tomato) 0.011 120.9 100 20.6 

Sulfosulfuron 1.12 x 10-3 (cucumber) 0.033 29.8 100 16.3 

Thifensulfuron-methyl 3.89 x 10-5 (onion) 0.013 338 100 13.1 
Page 53 of 318

Sulfonylurea Seedling Emergence EC25

(kg/ha)

1 in 10 Year 

EECA RQ

% Years 

with 

exceedance

% Time 

with 

Exceedance

Triasulfuron 9.5 x 10-5 (lettuce) 0.010 105.8 100 20.7 

Tribenuron-methyl not toxicity data 0.0092 NA NA NA 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 6.8 x 10-4 (lettuce) 0.018 26.7 100 16.0 

Triflusulfuron-methyl 1.4 x 10-1 (sorghum) 0.020 0.14 0 0 

As an example of Audrey III output, the resulting concentration profile over 30 years, or 

chemograph, for chlorsulfuron applied to turf in Florida is in Figure . The graph shows the 

chemograph for the edge of the PEZ at the treated field border (near edge) and at the far edge of 

the PEZ, 30 m from the field. 

Figure 7.6.2. Concentration of chlorsulfuron at the near edge and far edge of the plant 

exposure zone as simulated on turf in Florida using the Audrey III model.

Both chemographs consist of daily values plotted for the entire 30 year simulation. Since Audrey 

III assumes that the pesticide in runoff and on eroded sediment is distributed uniformly over the 

PEZ, differences in concentration between the near edge and the far edge are due to the 

difference in spray drift deposition across the PEZ. Differences in the peak concentration from 

year to year are due to different amounts of removal of chlorsulfuron by rainfall events between 

the first and second applications, and, in some case, rainfall on the day of application removing 

from spray drift. It is interesting to note that while chlorsulfuron was simulated assuming no 

degradation in the soil, degradation on the foliage and removal with runoff and leaching out of 

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

Concenttration (kg/ha)

Year

Chlorsulfuron on FL Turf

Concentrations Over Time in the PEZ

Near Edge

Far Edge
Page 54 of 318

the PEZ removed most of the chlorsulfuron from the PEZ so that there was little carryover from 

year to year. 

Figure 7.6.3. Annual exceedance probability of chlorsulfuron applied to turf in Florida at 

the far edge of the PEZ as simulated by Audrey III. 

The same data as in Figure are looked at Figure in a different way. In this graph, the peak 

concentration at the far edge of the PEZ for each year is selected for a set of 30 values, one for 

each year of the simulation. These 30 values are sorted from greatest to least and plotted againt 

their Weibull score, which is the rank divided by the total number of values plus one. The 

Weibull score for data processed this way in the likelihood that a particular value will be equaled 

or exceeded in that fraction of the years. So, for the value at 0.1, the concentration of 0.0063 

kg·ha-1 would be expected to be equaled or exceeded in 10% of the years or it represents a onein-ten-year return frequency. This is the return frequency used for the exposure value used for 

point estimate aquatic risk assessment and human health drinking water assessments in 

calculating RQ’s and is the value used to calculate RQs in Table 7.3.1. The level of concern, the 

IC25 for seedling emergence of the most sensitive plant, which is tomato for chlorsulfuron, is also 

plotted in Figure . This shows that not only is the level of concern exceeded at the exposure 

measurement endpoint of once-in-ten year, but is exceeded in all years. This means that in every 

year, that seedling emergence will be suppressed during a portion of the year for the most 

sensitive species at the far edge of the PEZ at 30 meters. From Figure 7.6.3, we can see that 

seedling emergence would be suppressed 31% of the 30 year simulation, or roughly 4 months out 

the year. 

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Concentration (kg/ha)

Annual Exceedance Probability

Chlorsulfuron

Audrey IIIͲ Annual Exceedance Probability

Concentration (kg/ha)

Level of Concern
Page 55 of 318

Figure 7.6.4. Annual exceedance probability of chlorsulfuron at the far edge of the PEZ (30 

m) on the distribution of measured plant seedling emergence on turf in Florida as 

simulated by Audrey III. 

Instead of looking at just the most sensitive species, it can be useful to look at how a pesticide 

affects the whole distribution of species Figure . This graph tell us that all species are affected at 

the IC25 for seedling emergence at some point in every year. We can contrast this with Figure 

which shows the annual exceedance probability of percent of species affected for flazasulfuron 

applied to grapes in New York State. In this case, in the most extreme year, or 1 year in 31, 70% 

of the species would be affected by the peak concentration in the year, and in all other years, 

60% of the species would be affected. While this presentation can give some idea of the effects 

across taxa, it is important to note that this is a distribution of tested species and does not well 

represent the distribution of all species that are relevant to any particular environment or field 

border habitat. 

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Concentration (kg/ha)

Annual Exceedance Probability

Chlorsulfuron

Audrey IIIͲ Annual Exceedance Probability

Species Affected

Fraction of Species

Affected
Page 56 of 318

Figure 7.6.5. Annual exceedance probability of flazaulfuron on grapes in New York at the 

far edge of the PEZ (30 m) on the distribution of measured plant seedling emergence on 

turf in Florida as simulated by Audrey III. 

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Concentration (kg/ha)

Annual Exceedance Probability

Flazasulfuron

Audrey IIIͲ Annual Exceedance Probability

Species Affected

Fraction of Species

Affected
Page 57 of 318

7.7. Potential Ecological Significance of Plant Impacts from SU Applications 

The use of SU herbicides, as directed on the labels, may result in unintended adverse effects on 

non-target terrestrial and aquatic plants. It is unclear what the extent of these effects may be, but 

for most of the SUs (for at least their use pattern resulting in the highest EECs), the LOC for at 

least one plant species is exceeded at 1000 feet from the edge of the application area, and in 

general, the LOCs for many species are exceeded far from the edge of application. While effects 

to a single species are not likely to be a cause of great concern (barring Federally-listed species), 

the sensitivity of a suite of species can be used to infer effects to the surrounding communities. 

In general, grasses tend to be less sensitive to SUs then non-grasses, which is not unusual for 

herbicides, depending on the intended target species. Many SUs are used in wheat or for 

rangelands where they are specifically intended to produce shifts in community composition 

from broadleaf weeds, many of which are undesirable as forage, toward grass-dominated systems 

that are preferred as forage. 

EPA generally uses a 25% inhibition in growth, either biomass or height, to assess potential risk 

to plant species. A population of plants that experience a 25% or greater inhibition in growth 

early in the growing season may recover, depending on the plant, but this level of effect may 

have lasting consequences on the affected plants. 

Plants whose growth is interrupted during their active growth period may not recover. Plants 

may be insufficiently competitive for resources, such as sunlight or water, due to their decreased 

growth. Early season interruption in growth may also result in fewer absolute seed numbers or 

in numbers of viable seed (i.e. reproductive effects). In communities where SU exposures occur, 

relatively insensitive species may outcompete sensitive species, leading to shifts in community 

composition and subsequently shifts in community function. Such changes may result in a 

cascade of ecological effects on higher order species and/or edaphic functionality (such as 

decreased interception of excess nutrients). 

The plants used in guideline testing are generally crop species selected specifically for their ease 

of husbandry in laboratory settings. As a rule, it is best to consider each species tested as 

representative of a potential sensitivity in the universe of plants that may be exposed, such that 

sensitivity of soybean representes not only soybean, but plants with a sensitivity similar to 

soybean. What those species of similar sensitivity are is not usually known. Further, to what 

degree the species chosen for testing are representative of the range in potential plant sensitivities 

found in the general ecosystem is uncertain. 

Fletcher et al. (1990) studied the relationship between taxa regarding their sensitivity to various 

herbicides. They found sensitivity to be very similar between taxa at the genus level, while 

sensitivity at the family level was indicative of similar toxicity about 60% of the time. Based on 

their breeding, crop species may exhibit less variability in response than wild type species. 

Therefore, it is possible that crop species will be more or less sensitive to a given herbicide than 

native wild type species. Tests using wild-type species may help reduce this uncertainty (Boutin 

and Rogers, 2000), but a critical review paper McKelvey et al. (2002) suggests that, in general, 
Page 58 of 318

crop testing may be sufficiently protective of most plants. This indicates that, based on guideline 

testing, current risk assessment methodology are generally protective of the universe of plants 

potentially exposed to herbicide application. 

Another area of uncertainty is about the potential effect of SUs on plant reproduction. As 

described below, chlorsulfuron was alleged to result in appreciable injury to cherry crops back in 

the late 1980s. These allegations led quite a bit of research into its potential effect on plant 

reproduction. While much of the literature available indicates that indeed exposed plants exhibit 

reproductive effects on the studied species, dose-response studies are few. Along with open 

literature, a special study conducted by DuPont (MRIDs 4877690 and 48776903) exploring the 

effect of chorsulfuron on soybean was conducted exploring the effect of both rate and exposure 

timing on reproductive endpoints (e.g. yield and seed viability). Examining all available data, 

EPA concluded that vegetative vigor endpoints obtained from guideline studies (850.4150) are 

appropriately protective of reproductive effects. However, it remains unclear whether the timing 

of exposure has an effect on seed production or viability. There are data that suggest exposure at 

an early life stage may adversely affect plant reproduction at the same rate as exposure at bloom. 

A further uncertainty in the plant risk assessment remains, specifically potential response of 

woody species. While generally adverse effects to trees are noticed, and likely reported, by 

owners when they are affected on residential or commercial property, effects to trees may go 

unnoticed when those trees are adjacent to back fields or in pasture/rangeland settings. Often 

these trees are vital refugia for other plants and animals, and may provide essential ecosystem 

services like mast production, stream bank stabilization and in-stream temperature controls 

through shading, among others. 

Not just plant species are likely to be affected; plant biodiversity provides a number of 

ecosystem services, including providing habitat for pollinators and beneficial insect predators. 

Recently, a great deal of research has been directed at the effect of plant diversity and associated 

insect populations (Freemark and Boutine, 1995; Isaacs et al. 2009; Mortensen et al., 2012. 

Norris and Kogan, 2000; Norris and Kogan, 2005). Similar disruptions in habitat or food sources 

may occur for higher order animals (e.g. birds and mammals) in areas proximal to use sites. As 

changes in plant communities occur due to differences in species sensitivity, subsequent loss of 

preferred feed or shelter for animals can be expected. In this way, animals can be affected by use 

of these herbicides. Affected animals might be at any trophic level, and may particularly affect 

organisms with obligate relationships to specific plant species. 

8. Incidents 

About the Incident Databases 

EIIS is an Office of Pesticide Program's (OPP) database, which includes information on all 

ecological incidents reported to the Agency prior to 1998 by pesticide registrants and all of the 

"major" incidents reported by pesticide registrants to the Agency since 1998. EIIS also includes 

information on incident reports submitted through other sources, such as the States, regardless of 

whether they are "major" incidents or not. While the emphasis of EIIS is on ecological incidents 

occurring within the United States, reports that are occasionally received of incidents in other 
Page 59 of 318

countries are also entered. Incidents of adverse effects on lawns and other ornamentals caused by 

direct application of pesticide products are not entered into EIIS. (from 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/efed/policy_guidance/team_authors/endangered_species_

reregistration_workgroup/esa_incident_guidance.htm) 

Additional incidents have been reported to the Agency in aggregated incident reports (IDS). 

Pesticide registrants report certain types of incidents to the Agency as aggregate counts of 

incidents occurring per product per quarter. Ecological incidents reported in aggregate reports 

include those categorized as "minor fish and wildlife" (W-B), "minor plant" (P-B), and "other 

non-target" (ONT) incidents. "Other non-target" incidents include reports of adverse effects to 

insects and other terrestrial invertebrates. For the sulfonylureas, registrants have 

reported aggregate plant incidents and these are compiled in Table 9.1 below under the “IDS” 

column. 

Terrestrial Plant Incident Reports for the Sulfonylurea Herbicides 

EPA uses incident report data as a means to identify ecological effects associated with the use of 

specific pesticides or active ingredients and to thereby inform pesticide regulatory decisions. 

Incident data can vary broadly from a complaint received over the telephone to a formal report 

submitted by a state for inclusion in EPA’s incident databases. The presence of incidents for a 

pesticide may reinforce EPA’s confidence in potential exposure pathways and predicted risk to 

non-target organisms. On the other hand, the absence of reported incident data for a chemical 

does not always indicate a lack of non-target toxic effects, particularly for wildlife and plants. 

As of December, 2014, there were 935 terrestrial plant incident reports for the sulfonylurea 

herbicides from both the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) and EPA’s Aggregate 

Incident Database (IDS). These incident reports are accompanied by varying degrees of 

confidence in the certainty of the association with a specific chemical, application or 

misapplication as well as with the legality of the use of the chemical. 

Primisulfuron was implicated most often in the pesticide incident reports for the sulfonylureas, 

with 137 reports allegedly caused by the chemical. Prosulfuron, nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron 

were named as the cause of 115, 112 and 103 incident reports, respectively. Also mentioned 

were rimsulfuron with 88 reports, sulfometuron-methyl with 82 reports, thifensulfuron and 

mesosulfuron-methyl both with 81 reports and metsulfuron-methyl with 75 reports. Fewer 

reports were logged for other sulfonylureas (See Table 8.1 below for all chemicals). Incidents 

were predominantly reported for damage to non-target crop plants. Non-target plant incidents 

reported on crops suggest that other non-target plants exposed to drift or run-off are also 

impacted. However, due to the economic value of non-target crops relative to other non-target 

plants, the Agency rarely received reports of damage to non-target plants other than to crops and 

high-value ornamentals. Several notable incidents are described below. 

Chlorsulfuron 

While not in the Agency’s EIIS database, an alleged incident of chlorsulfuron drift was reported. 

An orchard suffered several years of reduced yield in the late 1980s in an area near wheat farms 

at Horse Heaven Hills (in Washington State) where herbicides were regularly used. While the 

reduced yields and plant damage were not noted before the use of chlorsulfuron in the area, the 

investigation results were inconclusive. This incident is discussed in greater detail in the 
Page 60 of 318

environmental fate and ecological risk assessment in support of the 2005 Reregistration 

Eligibility Decision. 

Sulfometuron 

Sulfometuron was alleged to be the cause of a large ecological incident caused by wind-driven 

erosion of soil containing sulfometuron residues (EIIS Incident Report number 1011666-001). 

This one highly probably incident allegedly resulted from an application of OustTM herbicide 

(containing sulfometuron methyl) made by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the fall of 

2000 to approximately 22,000 acres of Idaho forest and grassland that had been severely 

damaged by wildfires. Investigations by the Idaho Department of Agriculture reported that 

following the aerial application of OustTM at a rate of 0.0625 lb ai/A, drought and windy 

conditions (up to 20-40 mph) caused wind erosion of dry treated soil containing sulfometuron. 

Thousands of acres were alleged to have been affected and crop damage was estimated to be in 

excess of $78 million. 

Table 8.1. Terrestrial Plant Incidents for Sulfonylureas 

Chemical 

(total number of reports across all 

databases) 

Number or Reports, Year Range and States Taxa/Crop 

Bensulfuron-methyl (2) 

EIIS: 1 plant report 

IDS: 1 incident Trees affected from rice treatment 

Chlorimuron (41) 

EIIS: 19 plant reports 

IDS: 22 incident reports including 20 plant 

reports. Agricultural crops 

Chlorsulfuron (34+) 

EIIS: 10 plant reports 

IDS: 24 incident reports, including 22 plant 

reports 

+(Also, Horse Heaven Hills incidents- 1980’s) Agricultural crops 

Flazasulfuron (2) 

EIIS: none 

IDS: 2 plant reports 

Foramsulfuron (103) 

EIIS: 70 plant reports 

IDS: 33 plant reports Ag crops 

Halosulfuron (3) 

EIIS: 1 plant report 

IDS: 2 plant reports 

Imazosulfuron None 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-Na (30) 

EIIS: 9 plant reports, 2003-2004 

IDS: 21 plant reports Corn 

Mesosulfuron-methyl (81) 

EIIS: 41 Plant reports 

IDS: 40 Plant reports 

Agricultural areas, residential areas 

fence rows, rights of way 

Metsulfuron (75) 

EIIS: 29 plant reports 

IDS: 46 Plant reports 

Agricultural areas, turf, right of ways, 

Fence rows, residential areas, 

ornamentals 

Nicosulfuron (112) 

EIIS: 42 Plant reports 

IDS: 70 plant reports Agricultural crops 

Orthosulfamuron (0) None 

Primisulfuron-methyl (137) 

EIIS: 68 Plant reports 

IDS: 69 Plant reports Agricultural areas 

Prosulfuron (115) 

EIIS: 78 plant reports 

IDS: 37 plant reports Agricultural areas 
Page 61 of 318

Wildlife incidents have also been reported for some of the SUs (Table 8.2); however, evaluation 

of the incident reports together with the toxicity profile of these chemicals suggest SUs were not 

the primary cause of these incidents. This is consistent with the established toxicity and risk 

profiles of the SU chemicals. However, it is possible that aquatic animals could be impacted if 

SUs contaminate aquatic environments at sufficient levels to kill aquatic plants, resulting in 

decay and reslting lower dissolved oxygen that are too low for fish survival. For example, 

incident I008768-007 implicated chlorimuron along with two other herbicides in a fish kill. If 

chlorimuron contributed to this fish kill, it is unlikely to have been caused by direct effects to 

fish based on the avaialable fish toxicity data. However, chlorimuron is toxic to aquatic plants; 

therefore, indirect effects to fish could have occurred. 

 

Table 8.2. Non-Plant Incidents Listed in EIIS 

Chemical Incident 

Number Species Other Factors Contributing to Incident 

Chlorimuron-ethyl I007334-001 Unknown bird 

 Multiple herbicides were sprayed 

approximately 1⁄2 mile from the site of the 

incident. Paraquat and metribuzin were also 

included in the incident, which are substantially

more toxic to birds than chlorimuronethyl. Given the proximity of the incident to th

site of application, the low toxicity of 

chlorimuron-ethyl to birds, and the presence of

more toxic chemicals included in the incident, 

chlorimuron-ethyl is not likely the cause of bird

deaths reported in this incident. 

Chlorimuron-ethyl I008768-007 Bluegill 

Three herbicides were implicated in the inciden

including chlorimuron-ethyl, metribuzin, and 

paraquat dichloride. The herbicides were listed

as a possible cause of the incident. Paraquat is

considerably more toxic to fish than is 

chlorimuron-ethyl. However, it is also possible

that effects to bluegill were caused by indirect 

Rimsulfuron (88) 

EIIS: 43 Plant reports 

IDS: 45 plant reports 

Sulfometuron-methyl (82) EIIS: 41 plant reports 

IDS: 41 plant reports 

Agricultural crops, including beets, 

forests, industrial sites, right of ways 

Sulfosulfuron (0) None 

Thifensulfuron (81) 

EIIS: 26 plant reports 

IDS: 55 plant reports 

Triasulfuron (3) 

EIIS: 1 plant report 

IDS: 2 plant report 

Tribenuron methyl (24) 

EIIS: 9 plant reports 

IDS: 15 plant reports Agricultural crops 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na (3) 

EIIS: 2 plant reports 

IDS: 1 plant report Agricultural crops 

Triflusulfuron (0) None 
Page 62 of 318

Chemical Incident 

Number Species Other Factors Contributing to Incident 

effects resulting in impacts to aquatic plants 

from exposure to the combination of herbicides

Metsulfuron-methyl I000022-001 Unknown bird Diuron was listed as probable cause of inciden

Metsulfuron-methyl I005925-008 Unknown fish Metsulfuron was listed as "not likely" to have 

caused the incident 

Metsulfuron-methyl I000022-001 Carolina Chickadee, 

unknown fish, bluebirds 

Diuron was listed as the probably cause of the 

incident 

Metsulfuron-methyl I022068-001 Unknown animal 

Metsulfuron-methyl, dicamba dimethylamine 

salt, and 2,4-D were included in the incident 

report. Very few details were available to 

determine the likelihood that metsulfuronmethyl was the cause of the incident to animals

Sulfometuron I021587-003 Honey bee 

Glyphosate and sulfometuron were listed as 

possibly causing the incident. Bees were found

twitching or dead in front of 3 hives within 3 

days of spraying. 

Sulfometuron I000903-003 Deer and unknown fish 

Implication that there has been a long term 

decrease in available forage due to herbicide 

spraying 

9. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species Concerns 

In November 2013, the EPA, along with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), the 

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (collectively, the Services), and the U.S. Department 

of Agriculture (USDA) released a summary of their joint Interim Approaches for assessing risks 

to listed species from pesticides. The Interim Approaches were developed jointly by the 

agencies in response to the National Academy of Sciences’ (NAS) recommendations and reflect 

a common approach to risk assessment shared by the agencies as a way of addressing scientific 

differences between the EPA and the Services. The NAS report outlines recommendations on 

specific scientific and technical issues related to the development of pesticide risk assessments 

that EPA and the Services must conduct in connection with their obligations under the 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and FIFRA. 

The joint Interim Approaches were released prior to a stakeholder workshop held on November 

15, 2013. In addition, the EPA presented the joint Interim Approaches at the December 2013 

Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee (PPDC) and State-FIFRA Issues Research and 

Evaluation Group (SFIREG) meetings, and held a stakeholder workshop in April 2014, allowing 

additional opportunities for stakeholders to comment on the Interim Approaches. As part of a 

phased, iterative process for developing the Interim Approaches, the agencies will also consider 

public comments on the Interim Approaches in connection with the development of upcoming 

Registration Review decisions. The details of the joint Interim Approaches are contained in the 
Page 63 of 318

white paper “Interim Approaches for National-Level Pesticide Endangered Species Act 

Assessments Based on the Recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences April 2013 

Report,” dated November 1, 2013. 

Given that the agencies are continuing to develop and work toward implementation of the 

Interim Approaches to assess the potential risks of pesticides to listed species and their 

designated critical habitat, this preliminary risk assessment for acifluorfen does not contain a 

complete ESA analysis that includes effects determinations for specific listed species or 

designated critical habitat. Although EPA has not yet completed effects determinations for 

specific species or habitats, based on this preliminary assessment EPA considers that an 

assessment will need to be conducted for terrestrial and aquatic plants and for species dependant 

on them. This screening level assessment will allow EPA to focus its future evaluations on the 

types of species where the potential for effects exists once the scientific methods being 

developed by the agencies have been fully vetted. Once the agencies have fully developed and 

implemented the scientific methods necessary to complete risk assessments for endangered and 

threatened (listed) species and their designated critical habitats, these methods will be applied to 

subsequent analyses for acifluorfen as part of completing this registration review. 

10 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) 

The SUs were not included in the first group of 67 chemicals issued an order to conduct Tier 1 

EDSP testing. For additional information on the EDSP, visit http://www.epa.gov/endo/. 

 
Page 64 of 318

8. Bibliography 

Boutin, C. and C.A. Rogers. 2000. Patterns of sensitivity of plant species to various herbicides—an 

analysis with two databases. Ecotoxicology, 9, 255-271. 

Fletcher, J.S., F.L. Johnson, J.C. McFarlane. 1990. Influence of greenhouse versus field testing and 

taxonomic differences on plant sensitivity to chemical treatment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 

769-776

Freemark, K., and C. Boutin. 1995. Impacts of agricultural herbicide use on terrestrialwildlife in 

temperate landscapes – a review with special reference to North-America. Agric. Ecosyst. 

Environ. 52, 67–91. 

Isaacs, R., Tuell, J., Fiedler, A., Gardiner, M., Landis, D., 2009. Maximizing arthropod-mediated 

ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: the role of native plants. Front. Ecol. 

Environ. 7, 196–203. 

Mohammad, M., T. Kishimoto, K. Itoh, K. Suyama, and H. Yamamoto. 2005. Comparative 

Sensitivity of Pseudokirchnetiella subcapitata vs. Lemna sp. to Eight Sulfonylurea 

Herbicides. ECOTOX Reference Number 104861. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 

75(5): 866-872. 

Mortensen, D.A., Egan, J.F., Maxwell, B.D., Ryan, M.R., Smith, R.G., 2012. Navigatinga 

critical juncture for sustainable weed management. Bioscience 62, 75–85.Norris, R.F., 

Kogan, M., 2000. Interactions between weeds, arthropod pests, and theirnatural enemies 

in managed ecosystems. Weed Sci. 48, 94–158. 

Nakata, M. 1991. The mode of action of chlorsulfuron in culture cells of tobacco and hamster. J. 

Pest. Sci. 16:583-590 

Norris, R.F., Kogan, M., 2000. Interactions between weeds, arthropod pests, and their natural 

enemies in managed ecosystems. Weed Sci. 48, 94–158. 

Norris, R.F., Kogan, M., 2005. Ecology of interactions between weeds and arthropods.Annu. 

Rev. Entomol. 50, 479–503. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2003. Doherty, M.A., E. Budd, and A. Levy. 

Trifloxysulfuron-sodium: Metabolism Assessment Review Committee Report. DP 

barcode 293085. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, Health Effects 

Division. Internal memorandum. Aug. 25, 2003. 

USEPA. 2004a. Dodd, N. and S. Termes. Mesosulfuron-methyl: Meeting Report of the 

Metabolism Assessment Review Committee. DP barcode 298760+. Office of Prevention, 

Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Division and Environmental Fate and 

Effects Division. Internal memorandum. Jan. 28, 2004. 
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USEPA. 2004b. Facey, J. Thifensulfuron Methyl: Meeting Report of the Metabolism Assessment 

Review Committee Document. DP barcode 301509. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and 

Toxic Substances, Health Effects Division. Internal memorandum. Jun. 10Dohoo, 2004. 

USEPA. 2006. Standardized Soil Mobility Classification Guidance. U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. Internal memorandum. Apr. 21, 2006. 

USEPA. 2007. Bailey, K.J., D. Dotson, and Z. Figueroa. Orthosulfamuron: Human Health Risk 

Assessment for Proposed Use on Rice. DP barcode 319264. Office of Prevention, 

Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Division. Memorandum to Registration 

Division. Feb. 14, 2007. 

USEPA. 2009. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate 

and Transport of Pesticides. Version 2.1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office 

of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Oct. 22, 2009. 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm

USEPA. 2009a. Cutchin, W. Chlorimuron ethyl. Human Health Risk Assessment for Proposed 

Uses on Field Corn and Soybean. DP barcode 358796. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, 

and Toxic Substances, Registration Division and Health Effects Division. Internal 

memorandum. Sep. 14, 2009. 

USEPA. 2009b. Hanson, B. Tribenuron Methyl: Chronic Dietary (Food and Drinking Water) 

Exposure Assessment for the Petition Proposing Tolerances for Residues in/on Corn and 

Soybean. DP barcode 365813. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, 

Registration Division, ARIA Team. Internal memorandum. Sep. 8, 2009. 

USEPA. 2010. Scollon, E. Imazosulfuron: Report of the Residues of Concern Knowledgebase 

Subcommittee (ROCKS). DP barcode 377141. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution 

Prevention, Health Effects Division. Internal memorandum. Jun. 22, 2010. 

USEPA. 2011a. Garber, K. and W.J. Shaughnessy. Registration Review – Addendum to the 

Preliminary Problem Formulation for the Ecological Risk Assessment of Chlorimuronethyl. DP barcode 388459. Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Jun. 8, 2011. 

USEPA. 2011b. Holman, E. Flazasulfuron; Report of the Residues of Concern Knowledgebase 

Subcommittee (ROCKS). DP barcode 386767. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution 

Prevention, Health Effects Division. Internal memorandum. Feb. 28, 2011. 

USEPA. 2011c. PROVISIONAL Interim EFED Guidance on Sulfonylurea Degradates in 

Registration Review. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide 

Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Draft Guidance. Sep. 13, 2011. 
Page 66 of 318

USEPA. 2011d. Kiernan, B. and R. Baris. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Metsulfuron-methyl. DP barcode 389258. Office of 

Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. 

Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Sep. 22, 2011. 

USEPA. 2011e. Kiernan, B.D. and R. Baris. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Bensulfuron-methyl. DP barcode 389429. Office of 

Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. 

Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Sep. 2, 2011. 

USEPA 2011f. Clock-Rust, M. and K. White. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Ecological Risk and Environmental Fate, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Orthosulfamuron. DP 390068. Office of Chemical 

Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum 

to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Dec. 1, 2011.

USEPA 2011g. Parker, R. and A. Blankinship. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for the Ecological Risk and Drinking Water Assessments of Sulfosulfuron. 

DP 385544. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and 

Effects Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Jun. 20, 2011. 

USEPA 2011h. Federoff, N.E. and W.J. Shaughnessy. Registration Review – Preliminary 

Problem Formulation for the Ecological Risk Assessment for Thifensulfuron methyl. DP 

383671. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and 

Effects Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Mar. 10, 2011. 

USEPA 2011i. Wendel, C. and J. Lin. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem Formulation 

for the Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, Endangered Species and Drinking Water 

Assessments for Tribenuron-methyl. DP 383622. Office of Chemical Safety and 

Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum to 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Mar. 15, 2011.

USEPA. 2012a. Clock-Rust, M. and K. White. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Ecological Risk and Environmental Fate, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Chlorsulfuron. DP barcode 403354. Office of Chemical 

Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum 

to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Nov. 15, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012b. Carey, S. and A. Shelby. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Ecological Risk and Environmental Fate, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Flazasulfuron. DP barcode 399093. Office of Chemical 

Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum 

to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. May 9, 2012. 
Page 67 of 318

USEPA. 2012c. Carey, S. and A. Shelby. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Primisulfuron methyl. DP barcode 394823. Office of 

Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. 

Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Mar. 1, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012d. Bohaty, R.F.H. and F.T. Farruggia. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Ecological Exposure and Risk Assessment for Foramsulfuron. DP 

barcode 402333. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental 

Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Nov. 15, 

2012. 

USEPA. 2012e. Barrett, M. and A. Soliday. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Halosulfuron-methyl. DP barcode 394807. Office of 

Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. 

Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Mar. 8, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012f. DeCant, J. and M. Barrett. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Human 

Health Drinking Water Exposure Assessments for Rimsulfuron. DP barcode 401380. 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Sep. 13, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012g. Sternberg, R. and M. Barrett. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Human 

Health Drinking Water Exposure Assessments for Sulfometuron Methyl. DP barcode 

402497. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and 

Effects Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Dec. 5, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012h. DeCant, J. and G. Rothman. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Human 

Health Drinking Water Exposure Assessments for Nicosulfuron. DP barcode 397346. 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Jun. 7, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012i. Milians, K. and S. Glaberman. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Ecological Risk and Environmental Fate, Endangered Species, and 

Drinking Water Assessments for Prosulfuron. DP barcode 396735. Office of Chemical 

Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum 

to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Apr. 17, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012j. Meléndez, J. and J. Housenger. Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk 

Assessment Preliminary Problem Formulation in Support of Registration Review of 

Triflusulfuron-methyl. DP barcode 399196. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution 
Page 68 of 318

Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Reevaluation Division. Sep. 7, 2012. 

USEPA. 2012k. Ullagaddi, A. and C.M. Koper. Registration Review: Problem Formulation for 

the Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Drinking Water 

Exposure Assessments for Triasulfuron. DP 394283. Office of Chemical Safety and 

Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum to 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Mar. 5, 2012. 

USEPA. 2013a. Bohaty, R.F.H. and K.R. Stebbins. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for the Ecological Exposure and Risk Assessment for Iodosulfuron-methylsodium. DP barcode 404946. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation 

Division. Feb. 28, 2013. 

USEPA. 2013b. Lowit, M. and H. Zhong. Registration Review: Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for Environmental Fate, Ecological Risk, Endangered Species, and Drinking 

Water Exposure Assessments for Mesosulfuron-methyl. DP barcode 406950. Office of 

Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. 

Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. Jun. 6, 2013. 

USEPA. 2013c. Crk, T. and J.K. Wolf. Registration Review – Preliminary Problem Formulation 

for the Ecological Risk Assessment for Trifloxysulfuron-sodium. DP barcode 408408. 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. Memorandum to Pesticide Re-evaluation Division. May 14, 2013. 

USEPA. 2014. Rothman, G. Tier I Drinking Water Assessment for the Proposed Section 3 ALS 

Inhibition Tolerant Sorghum Crop New Use for the Chemical Nicosulfuron. DP 414505. 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Environmental Fate and Effects 

Division. Memorandum to Registration Division. Mar. 13, 2014. 
Page 69 of 318

Appendix A. Residues of Concern 

Bensulfuron-methyl 

The Bensulfuron-methyl ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only. Degradates 

are excluded because they do not retain the SU structural group and are, therefore, assumed in 

the absence of study data likely to be less toxic to aquatic plants than the parent compound, 

based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of cleavage products of other SU 

compounds. New environmental fate studies were requested, but not submitted to EPA in time 

for consideration in this assessment. If new studies identify new major degradates, the ROCs for 

aquatic plants may be revisited. Meanwhile, the ROCs for aquatic plants described in the PF (DP 

389429, USEPA 2011e) have not changed for this PRA. 

Chlorimuron-ethyl 

The chlorimuron-ethyl ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound and the 

demethylated parent compound, the latter of which is the only degradate with a complete 

sulfonylurea moiety (i.e., an intact SU structural group). The demethylated parent compound is 

assumed in the absence of toxicity data likely to be no more or less toxic than the parent 

compound. All other degradates are cleavage products and assumed likely to be less toxic than 

the parent compound, based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of cleavage products 

of other SU compounds. Recently submitted environmental fate studies (MRIDs 49526701, -02) 

did not identify novel major degradates for consideration. Therefore, the ROCs for aquatic plants 

(DP 388459, USEPA 2011a) have not changed for this PRA. 

Chlorsulfuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include chlorsulfuron only. Three major degradates of chlorsulfuron 

retain the SU structural group: O-desmethyl chlorsulfuron (IN-M6957), ring-opened 

chlorsulfuron (IN-JJ998), and triuret. However, toxicity studies (in review at the time of writing) 

indicate that IN-M6957 and IN-JJ998 are much less toxic to vascular and nonvascular plants than 

chlorsulfuron (MRIDs 49009404, -08, -13, and -14). Also, triuret only formed up to 13% of the 

applied in one studied system (MRID 49275312). Therefore, addition of triuret to the ROCs 

would not change exposure estimates. 

All other major degradates of chlorsulfuron, including 2-chlorophenylsulfonyl urea (CPSU), are 

cleavage products that do not retain the SU structural group and are assumed likely to be less 

toxic to aquatic plants than the parent compound, based on the weight of the evidence from the 

toxicity of similar cleavage products of other SU compounds. Furthermore, toxicity studies 

(MRIDs 49009412 and -15; both in review) indicate that the chlorosulfonamide degradate (INA4097) is much less toxic to aquatic plants than the parent compound. Toxicity studies for a 

sulfonamide degradate of imazosulfuron (IPSN) indicate that it is much less toxic to aquatic 

nonvascular plants than its parent SU compound as well (MRIDs 49019005, -06, and 49485201 

(each acceptable)). 
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Recently submitted environmental fate studies (MRIDs 49275301, -08, -12, -13) identified one 

novel major degradate for consideration, triuret. Recently submitted aquatic plant toxicity studies 

for degradates IN-M6957, IN-JJ998, and IN- A4097 indicated that these degradates are much 

less toxic to aquatic plants than chlorsulfuron. In consideration of these studies, the ROCs for 

aquatic plants from the PF (DP 403354, USEPA 2012a) have been updated for the PRA to 

include the parent compound only, and to exclude IN-M6957, IN-JJ998, and CPSU. 

Flazasulfuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only because its degradates are short 

lived in the environment, do not contain the SU structural group, and are less toxic to plants. 

Flazasulfuron degradates are similarly or more toxic to animals than the parent compound; 

however, their exposure in the environment is too low to be of concern (DP 399093, USEPA, 

2012b). 

Requested environmental fate studies have not been submitted at the time of writing. When they 

are submitted, they will be reviewed to identify any novel major degradates for consideration. In 

the meantime, the ROCs for aquatic plants have not changed for this PRA. 

Foramsulfuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, AEF130619 and F0338795. The two 

degradates have an intact SU structural group; therefore, they will be considered likely to be as 

toxic as the parent compound in the absence of additional toxicity data. A recently submitted soil 

photolysis study (MRID 49463901) did not identify novel degradates of concern. Therefore, the 

ROCs for aquatic plants (DP 402333, USEPA 2012d) have not changed for this PRA. 

Halosulfuron-methyl 

The halosulfuron-methyl ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, halosulfuronmethyl guanidine, and halosulfuron acid. The latter two compounds are major degradates with 

intact SU structural groups that have been identified in submitted environmental fate studies 

[halosulfuron-methyl guanidine was up to 15% of the applied (MRID 42139410) and 

halosulfuron acid was up to 25% of applied (MRID 49031306)]. These degradates are assumed 

in the absence of toxicity data likely to be no more or less toxic than the parent compound. 

A recently submitted aerobic soil metabolism study (MRID 49031306) did not identify novel 

degradates of concern. However, the ROCs for aquatic plants stated in the PF (DP 394807; 

USEPA 2012e) have changed for this PRA to include the major SU degradates halosulfuronmethyl guanidine and halosulfuron acid. 

Imazosulfuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, HMS, and SDPM because these 

compounds have an intact SU structural group and toxicity data are not available for the 
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degradates. HMS and SDPM are assumed in the absence of toxicity data likely to be no more or 

less toxic than the parent compound. 

Cleavage products included in the new chemical assessment (IPSN, ADPM, and UDPM) are not 

included in the residues of concern for this PRA because they do not have an intact SU 

group. Additionally, submitted studies for IPSN (the cleavage product most structurally similar 

to the parent compound) indicate it is less toxic than imazosulfuron to aquatic plants. An IPSN 

toxicity study submitted for green algae (MRID 49485201, which is in review) yields a nondefinitive (greater than) EC50 endpoint at the limit of solubility (10 mg ai/L) under the test 

conditions. A comparison of the values from that toxicity study (EC50 >10 mg ai/L) and other 

reviewed toxicity studies for IPSN to that of an ECOTOX study (ref. no. 104861, Mohammad et

al. 2005) for the parent compound indicates that, compared to imazosulfuron, IPSN is at least 4 

orders of magnitude less toxic to aquatic vascular (Lemna gibba) plants and at least one order of 

magnitude less toxic to aquatic non-vascular plants (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). All 

endpoints for the degradate toxicity studies were non-definitive (greater than), which further 

supports that IPSN is likely to be less toxic than the parent compound to aquatic plants (MRIDs 

47305213, 49019003, -04, -05, -06, 49485201-in review). 

Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound and four degradates, metsulfuronmethyl, AEF145740, AE 0002166, and AE 0014965. These four degradates have an intact SU 

structural group, and will be considered likely to be no more or less toxic than the parent 

compound in the absence of toxicity data. There are two other degradates with an intact SU 

group (AE F161778 and AE 0014966), for which available toxicity data suggest both are less 

toxic than the parent compound to aquatic vascular plants (Lemna gibba) with EC50 values of 

0.418 mg/L for AE F161778 (MRID 46319201) and >10 mg/L for AE 0014966 (MRID 

45791502). Of the four degradates of concern, AE 0014965 only forms in anaerobic conditions 

and is not likely to be a prominent degradate, with the possible exception that it may be found in 

ground water. No environmental fate studies have been recently submitted and no novel 

degradates of concern have been identified. Thus, after considering the new toxicity data, the 

ROCs for aquatic plants identified in the PF (DP 404946, USEPA 2013a) have been reduced for 

this PRA to include only metsulfuron-methyl, AEF145740, AE 0002166, and AE 0014965. 

Mesosulfuron-methyl 

The mesosulfuron-methyl ROCs for aquatic plants are different for vascular and nonvascular 

taxa. For vascular plants, the ROCs include the parent compound only. Studies conducted on 

degradates of mesosulfuron-methyl (one of which, regarding DOP urea, is under review) indicate 

that they are less toxic than the parent compound to vascular plants regardless of whether the 

degradates contain an intact SU structural group (DP 406950, USEPA 2013b). 

For non-vascular plants, the ROCs include the parent compound, AE F154851, and AE F160460. 

ECOSAR predictions of toxicity to nonvascular plants for the two degradates are within an order 

of magnitude of that for the parent compound (DP 406950, USEPA 2013b). ECOSAR was used 

to predict toxicity for these compounds because acceptable nonvascular plant toxicity studies are 
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not available for mesosulfuron-methyl or for these degradates. ECOSAR results should be 

interpreted with caution given that definitive experimental endpoint values are not available for 

the parent compound; however, the results do not provide clear evidence that these degradates 

are less toxic than the parent compound. Therefore, in the absence of study data, AE F154851 

and AE F160460 cannot be excluded as ROCs. Comparison of study values for AE F099095 

(MRID 49137503-in review), AE F160459, and AE F147447 to ECOSAR predictions for the 

parent compound suggests that these degradates are likely to be much less toxic than the parent 

compound to nonvascular plants. ECOSAR predicts that AE F140584 and AE F092944 are less 

toxic than the parent compound as well. Therefore, AE F099095, AE F160459, AE F147447, AE 

F140584, and AE F092944 are not included in the ROCs. 

No environmental fate studies have been recently submitted and no novel degradates of concern 

have been identified. The ROCs for aquatic plants discussed in the PF (DP 406950, USEPA 

2013b) have been updated for this PRA to reflect new toxicity data and to address vascular plants 

separately from nonvascular plants using the available study data and ECOSAR predictions. 

Metsulfuron-methyl 

The metsulfuron-methyl ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, IN-NC148, INS9H62, IN-F5438, IN-JX909, and IN-MU717. These degradates are included because they 

retain the SU structural group and are assumed likely to be equal to the parent compound in 

toxicity to aquatic plants in the absence of data. The SU degradate IN-B5067 is not included 

because a submitted study indicates that it is much less toxic to vascular aquatic plants than the 

parent compound (MRIDs 46319201). New environmental fate studies have been submitted 

recently, identifying eight novel major degradates including IN-S9H62 and IN-D5119 (MRID 

49154302), IN-F5438 and IN-V7160 (MRID 49154304), IN-F5438 and IN-JX909 (MRID 

49154307), and IN-MU717 and IN-F5475 (MRID 49480102). The ROCs for aquatic plants 

described in the PF (DP 389258, USEPA 2011d) have been updated for this PRA to include the 

major degradates with an intact SU structural group identified in submitted environmental fate 

studies and to exclude IN-B5067. 

Nicosulfuron 

The nicosulfuron ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, IN-37740, and INHYY21. The degradates of concern are major degradates that retain the SU structural group and 

that are assumed likely to be equal to the parent compound in toxicity to aquatic plants in the 

absence of data. One environmental fate study has been recently submitted (MRID 49169703), in 

which IN-HYY21 was a major degradate in multiple soils. The ROCs for aquatic plants 

proposed in the PF (DP 397346, USEPA 2012h) have changed for this PRA to exclude INV9367 and IN-J029 because these compounds do not have an intact SU structural group and are, 

therefore, not expected to be as toxic to plants as the parent compound. 

Orthosulfamuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound and O-desmethyl orthosulfamuron, 

the latter of which is the only major degradate with an intact SU structural group. The 
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demethylated parent compound is assumed likely to be no more or less toxic than the parent 

compound. All other degradates are cleavage products and demonstrated or assumed likely to be 

less toxic than the parent compound based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of 

cleavage products of other SU compounds. Recently submitted studies in review (MRIDs 

49137503 and 49137504) indicate that DOP urea is much less toxic than orthosulfamuron to 

nonvascular and vascular aquatic plants, which is consistent with the toxicity data for other 

cleavage products of SU compounds. Therefore, DOP urea and O-desmethyl DOP urea are 

excluded from the ROCs for aquatic plants. 

Recently submitted environmental fate studies (MRIDs 49555902, -03, -04, -05) did not identify 

novel major degradates for consideration. The ROCs for aquatic plants proposed in the PF (DP 

390068, USEPA 2011f) have changed for this PRA to exclude DOP urea and O-desmethyl DOP 

urea. 

Primisulfuron-methyl 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound and demethylated parent compound 

(CGA-191429), the latter of which is the only major degradate with an intact SU structural 

group. The demethylated parent compound is assumed likely to be no more or less toxic than the 

parent compound. All other degradates (CGA-120844, CGA-171683, CGA-219741, CGA177288, CGA-147087, CGA-177289, and CGA-239771) are cleavage products and assumed 

likely to be less toxic to aquatic plants than the parent compound based on the results of toxicity 

studies conducted on cleavage products of other SUs. Recently submitted environmental fate 

studies (MRIDs 49125201, -02) identified two novel major degradates for consideration, 

demethylated parent compound (CGA-191429) and CGA-239771. Because CGA-239771 is a 

cleavage product, it is assumed likely to be less toxic than the parent compound to aquatic plants. 

The ROCs for aquatic plants proposed in the PF (DP 394823, USEPA 2012c) have changed for 

this PRA because CGA-171683 is a cleavage product that is predicted by ECOSAR to be much 

less toxic to algae than the parent compound and demethylated parent compound, a degradate 

with an intact SU structural group, was not identified previously. Therefore, CGA-171683 has 

been removed from the ROCs and demethylated parent compound has been added. 

Prosulfuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, CGA-300406, CGA-325025, CGA325028, and CGA-325030. The degradates of concern are major degradates with an intact SU 

structural group that are assumed likely to be no more or less toxic than the parent compound. 

All other degradates are minor SU degradates or cleavage products that are assumed likely to be 

less toxic than the parent compound based on ECOSAR predictions and FOOTPRINT database 

data. 

No environmental fate studies have been submitted recently and no novel degradates of concern 

have been identified for consideration. The ROCs for aquatic plants proposed in the PF (DP 

396735, USEPA 2012i) have changed for this PRA to exclude minor degradates with an intact 

SU structural group. 
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Rimsulfuron 

The rimsulfuron ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only. Rimsulfuron does 

not produce major degradates in the environment that retain the SU structural group. No

environmental fate studies have been recently submitted and no degradates of exposure concern 

have been identified. Therefore, the ROCs for ERA (DP 401380, USEPA 2012f) have not 

changed for this PRA. 

Sulfometuron-methyl 

The sulfometuron-methyl ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only. ECOSAR 

predicts the major degradates are much less toxic to plants than the parent compound. No

environmental fate studies have been submitted recently and no new degradates of exposure 

concern have been identified. Therefore, the ROCs for ERA (DP 402497, USEPA 2012g) have 

not changed for this PRA. 

Sulfosulfuron 

The sulfosulfuron ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only. Recently 

submitted studies (in review) indicate that major degradates with an intact SU structural group 

(i.e., the desmethyl and sulfamic acid degradates) are much less toxic to vascular and 

nonvascular aquatic plants than the parent compound (MRIDs 49283904, -05, -08, and -09). 

Degradates without the SU structural group are expected likely to be less toxic to plants than 

those with the SU structural group. Therefore, all degradates are expected likely to be much less 

toxic to aquatic plants than sulfosulfuron. No environmental fate studies have been submitted 

recently and no new degradates of exposure concern have been identified. Therefore, the ROCs 

for ERA (DP 385544, USEPA 2011g) have changed for this PRA to exclude all degradates. 

Thifensulfuron-methyl 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, IN-L9225, IN-L9226, and IN-JZ789. 

The degradates of concern are the major degradates with an intact SU structural group. They are 

assumed in the absence of data likely to be no more or less toxic than the parent compound. All 

other degradates are cleavage products and assumed likely to be less toxic than the parent 

compound based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of cleavage products of other 

SU compounds. No environmental fate studies have been submitted recently and no new 

degradates of exposure concern have been identified. Therefore, the ROCs for aquatic plants 

proposed in the PF (DP 383671, USEPA 2011h) have changed for this PRA to exclude major 

cleavage products. 

Triasulfuron 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound, CGA-195660, SYN546702, and the 

sulfonic acid derivative of CGA-183859. The degradates of concern are the major degradates 

with an intact SU structural group. They are assumed in the absence of data likely to be no more 
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or less toxic to aquatic plants than the parent compound. All other major degradates are cleavage 

products that are assumed likely to be less toxic to aquatic plants than the parent compound, 

based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of similar cleavage products of other SU 

compounds. More specifically, studies (MRIDs 49009412 and -15 (both in review) and 

49019005, -06, and 49485201 (each acceptable)), indicate that sulfonamide degradates of 

chlorsulfuron and imazosulfuron have EC50 values >9.5 mg/L, indicating that this class of 

compounds (including triasulfuron’s sulfonamide degradates CGA-161149 and CGA-195654) is 

much less toxic to aquatic plants than the SU class of compounds. 

Five environmental fate studies have been submitted recently (MRIDs 49126701, -02, -03, -05, 

and -06). SYN546702 is a novel degradate of concern identified in three of these studies. 

Therefore, the ROCs for aquatic plants proposed in the PF (DP 394283, USEPA 2012k) have 

changed for this PRA to include the new major SU degradate, SYN546702. 

Tribenuron-methyl 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only. Major degradates of tribenuronmethyl other than its O-desmethyl degradate are cleavage products and are assumed likely to be 

less toxic than the parent compound, based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of 

cleavage products of other SU compounds. The O-desmethyl degradate is not of concern because 

it was not a prominent degradate, being just over 10% of the applied in only one anaerobic 

system. No environmental fate studies have been submitted recently and no new degradates of 

exposure concern have been identified. Therefore, the ROCs for aquatic plants proposed in the 

PF (DP 383622, USEPA 2011i) have changed for this PRA to exclude the cleavage products 

saccharin, triazine amine, O-desmethyl-triazine amine, and sulfonamide. 

Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound only. The major degradates of 

trifloxysulfuron-sodium do not have an intact SU structural group and are assumed likely to be 

less toxic than the parent compound, based on submitted toxicity studies (MRIDs 45371729 and 

45371727) and the weight of the evidence from the toxicity of cleavage products of other SU 

compounds. No environmental fate studies have been submitted recently and no new degradates 

of exposure concern have been identified. The ROCs for aquatic plants proposed in the PF (DP 

408408, USEPA 2013c) have changed for this PRA to exclude the minor SU products CGA292230 and NOA-440735. 

Triflusulfuron-methyl 

The ROCs for aquatic plants include the parent compound and its N-desmethyl and free acid 

degradates. The degradates of concern are major demethylation degradates with an intact SU 

structural group. They are assumed in the absence of toxicity data likely to be no more or less 

toxic than the parent compound. All other degradates are cleavage products and assumed likely 

to be less toxic than the parent compound, based on the weight of the evidence from the toxicity 

of cleavage products of other SU compounds. No environmental fate studies have been submitted 

recently and no new degradates of exposure concern have been identified. The ROCs for aquatic 
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plants proposed in the PF (DP 399196, USEPA 2012j) have changed for this PRA to include the 

major demethylation degradates. 
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Appendix B. Exposure Model Files 

GENEEC Aquatic Modeling Output Files 

Geneec files.zip
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Appendix C. Environmental Fate Data and Chemical Structures of the Sulfonylureas and their DegradateEnvironmental Fate Data In support of this assessment, environmental fate data regarding the sulfonylureas and their degradates were colle

problem formulations for registration review and, in some cases, directly from studies submitted to EPA. There the attached Microsoft Excel workbook. 

SU PRA Fate Data 

FINAL.xls

Chemical Structures Bensulfuron-methyl 

CAS Name Chemical Reference Structure Study MRID NoBensulfuron-methyl DPX F5384 -- -- -- 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 

pyrimidine amine Aerobic Soil 00073657 one 

vol

Aerobic Aquatic 

40089329 ma

app

Hydrolysis 00073657 at p

neu
Page 79 of 318

methyl 2-(aminosulfonylmethyl)benzoate sulfonamide Aerobic Soil 00073657 one 

vol

Aerobic Aquatic 

40089329 ma

app

Hydrolysis 00073657 at p

neu

Soil Column Leaching 

00073657 12% 

Photodegradation 

40089330 ma

IH2,3-benzothiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide 

Homosaccharine Aerobic Soil 00073657 one 

vol

Aerobic Aquatic 

40089329 also 

N-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl )urea 

pyrimidinyl urea Photodegradat

ion 

40089330 Ma

3-hydroxypropanoic acid Photodegradat

ion 

00073657 Ma
Page 80 of 318

Chlorimuron-ethyl 

Chemical name Structure Fate study Maximum % 

formed (day of study where thwas observed) 

Ethyl 2-(4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl) benzoate (Chlorimuron-ethyl; parent) 

Not applicable Not applicable 

Benzoid acid, 2-[[(4-chloro-6-hydroxyprimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminoxulfonyl],ethyl ester (“demethylated parent”)

Aerobic soil metabolism1 18.6% (wk 24) 

Aerobic soil metabolism2 13.2 % (wk 52) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism3 63.6% (wk 16) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism4 Approx 100% 

(wk 16) 

Terrestrial field dissipation5 16.8% (wk 16) Terrestrial field dissipation6 5.7% (wk 26) Terrestrial field dissipation7 5.8% (wk 18) Terrestrial field dissipation8 7.9% (wk 2) 

2-(Aminosulfonyl)benxoic acid, ethyl ester (“sulfonamide”) 

Hydrolysis (pH 5) 65% (d 30) 

Aerobic soil metabolism1 36.8 % (wk 24) Aerobic soil metabolism2 60.1 % (wk 24) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism3 7.3 % (wk 8) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism4 <0.1% Terrestrial field dissipation5 9.7% (wk 26) Terrestrial field dissipation6 64% (wk 16) Terrestrial field dissipation7 8.8% (wk 18) Terrestrial field dissipation (North Carolina soil) 

17.7% (wk 0) 

HN

HN

O

NN

O

Cl

S

O

O

O

HN

HN

O

NN

OH

Cl

S

O

O

O

S NH2

O

O

O
Page 81 of 318

Chemical name Structure Fate study Maximum % 

formed (day of study where thwas observed) 

saccharin Aerobic soil metabolism1 17.6% (wk 52) 

Aerobic soil metabolism2 31.2% (wk 4) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism3 16.0 % (wk 26) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism4 6.6 % (wk 26) Terrestrial field dissipation5 20.2% (wk 0) Terrestrial field dissipation6 25.5% (wk 16) Terrestrial field dissipation7 15.6% (wk 8) Terrestrial field dissipation8 25.7% (wk 2) 

4-Chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidianamine (“pyrimidine-amine”) 

Hydrolysis (pH 5) 78% (d 30) 

Aerobic soil metabolism1 39.4 % (wk 8) Aerobic soil metabolism2 44.5 % (wk 24) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism3 4.7% (wk 8) Anaerobic aquatic metabolism4 <0.1% Terrestrial field dissipation5 14.7% (wk 16) 

4-chloro-6-hydroxy-2 pyrimidinamine (“demethyl pyrimidine amine”) 

Terrestrial field dissipation5 11.7% (wk 8) 

4-hydroxy-6-methoxy2-pyrimidinamine (“dechlorinated pyrimidine amine”) 

Terrestrial field dissipation5 12.7% (wk 4) 

1woodstown sandy loam 2Flanagan silt loam 3PA hydrosoil 4FL hydrosoil 5Delaware soil 6Illinois soil 7Mississip

S

NH

O

O

O

H2N

NN

O

Cl

+

H2N

NN

OH

Cl

+

H2N

NN

OOH

+
Page 82 of 318

Chlorsulfuron 

Chemical Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)a Final %AR (study Common Name: Chlorsulfuron (CSF) IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-N 1-(2-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea CAS name: 2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide Other names: DPX-4189; IN-W4189 CAS No: 64902-72-3 SMILES:Clc1ccccc1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)Nc2nc(nc(OC)n2)CMW=357.77

Hydrolysis 42156701 

39 (31 days), pH 5, 40 (31 days), pH 5, 99 (31 days), pH 7, 97 (31 days), pH 7, 96 (31 days), pH 9, 98 (31 days, pH 9, 

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702 

97 (31 days) light, p99 (31 days) dark, p98 (31 days), light, 97 (31 days), dark, 

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 75.7 (73.6 days) tri

Aerobic Soil 00035275 

7.4 (180 days), 1 m6.7 (180 days, 0.1 m

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704 

54 (365 days), PA, 75 (70 days), PA, p50 (56 days), Canad82 (35 days), NE, p66 (28 days), IL, ph

Common Name: O-desmethylchlorsulfuron (ODMC)Other Names: 2-chloro-N-[[(4-hydroxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-amino)carbonyl]benzenesulfanamide; 5-hydroxychlorsulfuron (OHCSF); IN-M6957SMILES:ClC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2=NC(=NC(=N2)C)O[H] MW=343.75 Log KOW=1.20 (estimated) 

Hydrolysis 42156701

13 (21 days), pH 5, ph14 (21 days), pH 5, triND pH 7, ph1 (31 days), pH 7, tri1 (31 days), pH 9, ph2 (31 days, pH 9, tri

10 (31 days), pH 5, 12 (31 days), pH 5, ND (31 days), pH 71 (31 days), pH 7, t1 (31 days), pH 9, p2 (31 days, pH 9, tr

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702

1.4 (31 days), pH 7 light, ph0.5 (31 days), pH 7 dark, ph0.9 (21 days), light, pH 7, tri1.1 (31 days), dark, pH 7, tri

1.4 (31 days), pH 7 0.5 (31 days), pH 7 0.9 (21 days), light1.1 (31 days), dark, 

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 2.8 (74 days), tri 2.8 (74 days), tri

Aerobic Soil 00035275 NA NA
Page 83 of 318

Chemical Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)a Final %AR (study 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic1 42156704

31 (365 days), PA, tri11 (70 days), PA, phe18 (56 days), Canada, phe<0.1 (35 days), NE, phe<0.1 (28 days), IL, phe

31 (365 days), PA, 11(70 days), PA, ph18 (56 days), Canad<0.1 (35 days), NE<0.1 (28 days), IL, 

Common Name: Ring-opened chlorsulfuron (ROC)Other Names: 1-(2-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-7-acetyltriuret;2-chloro-N-[[[[[[(2-oxethyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]carbonyl]-amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfanamide; IN-JJ998SMILES:C1=CC=CC(=C1Cl)[S](N(C(N(C(N(C(N([H])[H])=O)[H])=N[H])[H])=O)[H])(=O)=O MW=319.72 Log KOW=1.31 (estimated) 

Hydrolysis 42156701

16 (31 days), pH 5, ph 18 (31 days), pH 5, triND (31 days), pH 7, phND (31 days), pH 7, triND (31 days), pH 9, phND (31 days, pH 9, tri

16 (31 days), pH 5, 18 (31 days), pH 5, ND (31 days), pH 7ND (31 days), pH 7ND (31 days), pH 9ND (31 days, pH 9

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702 NR pH 7 NR pH 7

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 NR NR

Aerobic Soil 00035275 NA NA

Anaerobic 

Aquatic1 42156704

31 (365 days), PA, tri11 (70 days), PA, phe18 (56 days), Canada, phe<0.1 (35 days), NE, phe<0.1 (28 days), IL, phe

31 (365 days), PA, 11(70 days), PA, ph18 (56 days), Canad<0.1 (35 days), NE<0.1 (28 days), IL, 
Page 84 of 318

Chemical Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)a Final %AR (study Common Name: Chlorosulfonamide (CSM)Other names: 2-chlorobenzenesulfanamide; INA4097CAS#: 6961-82-6 SMILES:C1=CC=CC(=C1Cl)S(N([H])[H])(=O)=O MW=191.63 Log KOW=0.74 (experimental) 

Hydrolysis 42156701

33 (31 days), pH 5, ph NA (31 days), pH 5, tri1 (31 days), pH 7, phNA (31 days), pH 7, tri2 (31 days), pH 9, phNA (31 days, pH 9, tri

33 (31 days), pH 5, NA(31 days), pH 51 (31 days), pH 7, pNA (31 days), pH 72 (31 days), pH 9, pNA(31 days, pH 9, 

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702

1.7 (31 days), pH 7 light, ph1.0 (21 days), pH 7 dark, phNA, pH 7, tri

1.7(31 days), pH, 7 0.8 (31 days), pH 7 NA, pH 7, tri

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 NR NR

Aerobic Soil 00035275 NA NA

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

NR (365 days), PA, tri14 (70 days), PA, phe11 (56 days), Canada, phe17 (21 days), NE, phe13 (28 days), IL, phe

NR (365 days), PA14(70 days), PA, ph11 (56 days), Canad3 (35 days), NE, ph13 (28 days), IL, ph

Common Name: Triazine amine (TA)Other Names: 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazine; IN-A40981; CGA 150829CAS #: 1668-54-8 SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)C)N([H])[H])OC MW=140.15 Log KOW=1.26 (estimated) 

Hydrolysis 42156701

NA (31 days), pH 5, ph 17 (31 days), pH 5, triazineNA(31 days), pH 7, ph1 (31 days), pH 7, triazineNA (31 days), pH 9, ph1 (31 days, pH 9, triazine

NA (31 days), pH 517(31 days), pH 5, NA (31 days), pH 71 (31 days), pH 7, tNA (31 days), pH 91 (31 days, pH 9, tr

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702 NR pH 7 NR pH 7

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 5.5 (74 days), tri 5.5 (74 days), tri

Aerobic Soil 00035275 NA NA

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

21 (365 days), PA, triNA (70 days), PA, pheNA (56 days), Canada, pheNA (35 days), NE, pheNA (28 days), IL, phe

21 (365 days), PA, NA (70 days), PA, NA (56 days), CanaNA (35 days), NE, NA (28 days), IL, p
Page 85 of 318

Chemical Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)a Final %AR (study Common Name: 2-chlorophenylsulfonylurea (CPSU)Other Names: 2-chloro-N-(aminocarbonyl)benzenesulfanamideSMILES: C1=CC=CC(=C1Cl)S(NON)(=O)=O MW=222.65 Log KOW= -1.74 (estimated)

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

NA (365 days), PA, tri3.1 (7 days), PA, phe14 (56 days), Canada, phe12 (35 days), NE, phe9.1 (28 days), IL, phe

NA(365 days), PA, 2.1 (70 days), PA, p14 (56 days), Canad12 (35 days), NE, p9.1 (28 days), IL, p

Common Name: Dihydroxy Triazine (DT)Other Names: 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine (IN-F5475)SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)O[H])C)O[H] MW=127.10 Log KOW=0.89 (estimated) 

Hydrolysis 42156701

NA (31 days), pH 5, ph 9 (31 days), pH 5, triazineNA (31 days), pH 7, phND (31 days), pH 7, triazineNA (31 days), pH 9, phND (31 days, pH 9, triazine

NA (31 days), pH 59 (31 days), pH 5, tNA (31 days), pH 7ND(31 days), pH 7NA (31 days), pH 9ND (31 days, pH 9

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 1.2 (74 days), tri 1.2 (74 days), tri

Aerobic Soil 00035275 NA NA

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

NA (365 days), PA, triNA (70 days), PA, pheNA (56 days), Canada, pheNA (35 days), NE, pheNA (28 days), IL, phe

NA (365 days), PANA (70 days), PA, NA (56 days), CanaNA (35 days), NE, NA (28 days), IL, p

O-desmethyl triazine amine (ODMTA)Structure not provided Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

<0.1 (365 days), PA, tri<0.1 (70 days), PA, phe<0.1 (56 days), Canada, phe<0.1 (35 days), NE, phe<0.1 (28 days), IL, phe

<0.1 (365 days), P<0.1 (70 days), PA<0.1 (56 days), Ca<0.1 (35 days), NE<0.1 (28 days), IL, 
Page 86 of 318

Chemical Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)a Final %AR (study Common Name: Triazine Urea (TU)Other Names: IN-V71603SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)OC)NC(N)=O)C MW=183.17 Log KOW=0.89 (estimated) 

Hydrolysis 42156701 NA NA

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702 NR pH 7 NR pH 7

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 7.6 (74 days), tri 7.6 (74 days), tri

Aerobic Soil 00035275 NA NA

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

NR (365 days), PA, triNA (70 days), PA, pheNA (56 days), Canada, pheNA (35 days), NE, pheNA (28 days), IL, phe

NR (365 days), PANA (70 days), PA, NA (56 days), CanaNA (35 days), NE, NA (28 days), IL, p

Others/ Individual Unknowns Hydrolysis 42156701 2 2 (31 days)

Aqueous 

photolysis 42156702 NR pH 7 NR pH 7

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703 1.7 (53 days), tri 1.6 (74 days), tri

Aerobic Soil 00035275 52.9 (180 days) 60.4 (180 days) 52.9 (180 days) 60.4 (180 days)

Unextracted residues

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703

7.2 (18 days), light, tri8.8 (7 days), dark, tri9.7 (77 days), light, ph6.2 (31 days), dark, ph

3.8 (74 days), light3.5 (31 days, dark, 9.7 (77 days), light6.2 (31 days), dark, 

Aerobic Soil 00035275 9 (120 days), 0.1 mg/kg, ph 7 (120 days), 1 mg/kg, ph 5 (120 days), 0.1 m

5 (120 days), 1 mg/

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 42156704

4 (365 days), PA, tri2 (28 days), PA, phe14 (56 days), Canada, phe14 (21 days), NE, phe13 (28 days), IL, phe

4 (365 days), PA, tr1 (70 days), PA, ph14 (56 days), Canad10 (35 days), NE, p13 (28 days), IL, ph

CO2

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703

<0.9 (74 days), light, tri<0.5 (31 days), dark, tri8.0 (31 days), light, ph<1 (31 days), dark, ph

<0.9 (74 days), ligh<0.5 (31 days), dark8.0 (31 days), light<1 (31 days), dark, 

Aerobic Soil 00035275 5 (180 days), 0.1 mg/kg, ph 5 (180 days), 1 mg/kg, ph 5 (120 days), 0.1 m

5 (120 days), 1 mg/
Page 87 of 318

Chemical Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)a Final %AR (study Total Volatiles

Soil photolysis 41721001 42156703

<2.5 (74 days), light, tri<2.1 (74 days), dark, tri8 (31 days), light, ph<3.3 (31 days), dark, ph

<2.5 (74 days), ligh<2.1 (74 days), dark8 (31 days), light, p<3.3 (31 days), dark

ND=not detected; NA=not analyzed; NR=not reported in DER; ph=phenyl ring radiolabed; tri=triazine ring radiolabeled 1 The study reported total amount of polar compounds and indicated that the polar compounds were o-desmethyl chlorsulfuron or ring-o

total amount reported as polar compounds were reported for o-desmethyl chlorsulfuron and ring-opened chlorsulfuron. 

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %

Triazine amine 

(IN-A4098; AE F059411; BCSCN85650; CGA-150829) 

IUPAC: 2-Amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin CAS: 4-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine CAS No.: 1668-54-8 Formula: C5H8N4O 

MW: 140.1 g/molSMILES: [H]N([H])c1nc(nc(n1)OC)C

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 

Silty clay 1

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 1

Silt loam 2

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 2

49275308 Loam 

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy loam 1

49275313

Pond 

water:loamy 

sand 

 Pond 

water:loam 
Page 88 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %

Ring-opened chlorsulfuron (IN-JJ998) 

IUPAC: N-[[[[(aminocarbonyl)amino] iminomethyljamino]carbonyl]-2- chlorobenzenesulfonamide CAS No.: 208252-66-8 Formula: C9H10ClN5O4S 

MW: 319.7 g/molSMILES: [H]/N=C(/N([H])C(=O)N([H])[H])\N([H])C(=O)N([H])S(=O)(=O)c1ccccc1C

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 

Silty clay 1

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 2

Silt loam 

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 1

49275308 Loam 

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy loam 

49275313

Pond 

water:loamy 

sand 

2

Pond 

water:loam 

O-desmethylchlorsulfuron (IN-M6957) 

IUPAC: 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea CAS: 2-Chloro-N-[[(1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-1,3,5- triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-(9CI) CAS No.: 135701-76-7 Formula: C11H10ClN5O4S 

MW: 343.75 g/molSMILES: [H]N(c1nc(nc(n1)O)C)C(=O)N([H])S(=O)(=O)c2ccccc2Cl 

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 

Silty clay 

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 

Silt loam 

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 

49275308 Loam 

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy loam 2

49275313

Pond water: 

loamy sand 

Pond 

water:loam 
Page 89 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %

Chlorosulfonamide (IN-A4097) 

IUPAC: 2-Chlorobenzenesulfonamide CAS No.: 6961-82-6 Formula: C6H6ClNO2S 

MW: 191.6 g/molSMILES: [H]N([H])S(=O)(=O)c1ccccc1Cl

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 2

Silty clay 1

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 

Silt loam 3

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 2

49275308 Loam 

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy 

loam 1

49275313

Pond water: 

loamy sand 

Pond 

water:loam 

Triuret IUPAC: (NZ)-N-[[(Z)-[[(2-

chlorophenyl)sulfonylcarbamoylamino]-hydroxy-methylene]amino]-hydroxymethylene]acetamide Formula: C11

H11ClN4O6S 

MW: 362.75 g/molSMILES: [H]N(/C(=N/C(=N/C(=O)C)/O)/O)C(=O)N([H])S(=O)(=O)c1ccccc1Cl

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy 

loam 

1

Carbon dioxide IUPAC: Carbon dioxide 

Formula: CO2

MW: 44 g/molSMILES: C(=O)=O 

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 

Silty clay 

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 

Silt loam 1

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 1

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy loam 

49275313

Pond water: 

loamy sand 

Pond 

water:loam 
Page 90 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %

Unextractable residues

NA NA 

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 3

Silty clay 2

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 2

Silt loam 3

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 2

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy loam 1

49275313 Pond water: loamy sand 2

Hydroxy triazine amine (IN-B5528; acetoguanide)

IUPAC: 4-Amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-ol CAS: 4-Amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin2(1H)-one CAS No.: 16352-06-0 Formula: C4H6N4O 

MW: 126.1 g/molSMILES: [H]N([H])c1nc(nc(n1)O)C 

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 

Silty clay 0.

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 

Silt loam 0.4% 

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 

49275308 Loam 

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy 

loam 

49275313

Pond water: 

loamy sand 

Pond 

water:loam 0.
Page 91 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %

Triazine urea (IN-V7160) 

CAS: (4-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea CAS No.: 208252-67-9 Formula: C6H9N5O2

MW: 183.17 g/molSMILES: [H]N([H])C(=O)N([H])c1nc(nc(n1)OC)C 

835.4100 

Aerobic 

soil 

metabolism

49275301

Mattapex #25 

Sandy loam 0.

Silty clay 

Nambsheim 

sandy loam 

Silt loam 

Suchozebry 

sandy loam 

49275308 Loam 

835.4300 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism

49275312 Water:sandy 

loam 

49275313

Pond water: 

loamy sand 

Pond 

water:loam 

Dihydroxy triazine (IN-F5475) 

IUPAC: 6-Methyl-1,3,5-triazine2,4(lH,3H)-dione Formula: C4H5N3O2

MW: 127.1 g/molSMILES: Cc1nc(nc(n1)O)O

835.4100 

ASM 49275308 Loam 1.

835.4300 

AAM 49275313 Pond water: loamy sand 

A AR means “applied radioactivity”. MW means “molecular weight”. PRT means “parent”. NA means “not applicable”.
Page 92 of 318

Flazasulfuron 

Code Name 

Chemical Name Chemical Structure 

Flazasulfuron 

DPTU 

1-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-1-(3-

trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-urea 

(unique to flazasulfuron) 

DTPP 

4,6-Dimethoxy-2-(3-trifluoromethyl-2-

pyridylamino)pyrimidine 

(unique to flazasulfuron)

TPSA 

3-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinesulphonamide 

(unique to flazasulfuron)

ADMP 

2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 

 A common degradate with other sulfonylurea herbicides

N

S

CF3

O

O

NH NH

O N

N

O

O

CH3

CH3

N

CF3

N

N

N

O

O

CH3

CH3

O

NH2

N

NH

N

N

CF3

O

O

CH3

CH3

N

CF3

S NH2

O

O

N

N

H2 N

O

O

C H 3

C H 3
Page 93 of 318

ADMP 

2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 

2,3-GTF 

3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylguanidine 

N

N

H2 N

O

O

CH3

CH3
Page 94 of 318

Foramsulfuron

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

MAJOR 

AEF130619 Foramsulfuron 

amine 

4-amino-2-(N-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl)sulfamoyl)-N,Ndimethylbenzamide4-amino-2-[3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl]-N,Ndimethylbenamide Formula: C16H20N O6 6S 

MW: 424.43 g/mol

Hydrolysis (pH 4 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental

2.6 (10 d, pyr 

label) 2.1 (10 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 7 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental

9.1 (30 d, phenyl 

label) 9.1 (30 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 9 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental

7.6 (30 d, phenyl 

label) 7.6 (30 d) 

Aerobic Soil 45109714/ acceptable 10.4 (3 d) 0.3 (366 d) Aerobic Soil 45109713/ acceptable 30.8 (1 d) 0.6 (203 d) 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

45109729/ 

supplemental

1.2 (58 d) 

total system 

<LOD (365 d) 

total system 

AEF153745 Foramsulfuron 

sulfonamide 

4-Formylamino-N,N-dimethyl-2-sulfamoyl-benzamide Formula: C10H13N O3 4S 

MW: 271.29 g/mol NH S NH2

O O

N

O

O

Hydrolysis (pH 4 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 66.3 (10 d) 66.3 (10 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 5 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 71.3 (30d) 71.3 (30 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 7 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 3.3 (30d) 3.3 (30 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 9 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 4.1 (30d) 4.1 (30 d) 
Page 95 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

Aerobic Soil 45109714/ acceptable 5.0 (0 d) 0.5 (366 d) Aerobic Soil 45109713/ acceptable 7.8 (3 d) 0.6 (203 d) 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

45109729/ 

supplemental

8.2 (112 d) 

total system 

<LOD (365 d) 

total system 

AEF092944 

4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-amine2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine Formula: C H6 N9 O3 2

MW: 155.15 g/mol

Hydrolysis (pH 4 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 79.7 (10 d) 79.7 (10 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 5 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 83.3 (30 d) 83.3 (30 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 7 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 4.7 (30 d) 4.7 (30 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 9 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 1.9 (30 d) 1.9 (30 d) 

Aerobic Soil 45109714/ acceptable 17.8 (63 d) 5.3 (366 d) Aerobic Soil 45109713/ acceptable 16.9 (56 d) 7.0 (203 d) 

TFD 45109722/ supplemental 5.06 μg/kg (4d) <LOQ (114) 

F0338795 

Formula: C16H18N O6 7S

MW: 438.42 g/mol NH S NH

NH

N

N

O O

N

O

O

O OH

O

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

45109729/ 

supplemental 17.0 (226 d) <LOD (365 d) 

Unknowns 

Aerobic Aquatic 45109728/ supplemental 28.6 (57 d) total system 4.6 (57 d)* 14.8 (365 d) total system 3.5 (365 d)* 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

45109729/ 

supplemental

53.4 (288 d) 

total system 

13.8 (112 d)* 

53.0 (365 d) 

total system 

9.0 (112 d)* 
Page 96 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

Non-extracted Residues 

Aerobic Aquatic 45109728/ supplemental 75.4 (211 d) total system 40.4 (365 d) total system 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

45109729/ 

supplemental

26.0 (288 d) 

total system 

26.0 (365 d) 

total system 

MINOR

AEF148003 

4-amino-N,N-dimethyl-2-sulfamoyl-benzamide Formula: C H9 13N O3 3S 

MW: 243.28 g/mol H2N S NH2

O

N

O

O

Hydrolysis (pH 4 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 5.6 (10 d) 5.6 (10 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 5 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 3.0 (30 d) 3.0 (30 d) 

Aerobic Soil 45109714/ acceptable 2.2 (63 d) 0.8 (366 d) Aerobic Soil 45109713/ acceptable 0.9 (10, 134 d) 0.4 (203 d) 

AEF0014940 

6-formamido-1,2-benisothiasol3(2H)-one 1, 1-dioxide N-(1,1,3-Trioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H1l6-benzo[d]isothiazol-6-yl)-formamide Formula: C H8 N6 O2 4S 

MW: 226.21 

NH

S NH

O O

N

O

O

Hydrolysis (pH 4 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 7.9 (10 d) 7.9 (10 d) 

Hydrolysis (pH 5 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 9.7 (30 d) 9.7 (30 d) 

AEF0001082 

6-amino-1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro1l6-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one6-amino-1,2-benzisothiasol3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, potassium salt Formula:C H7 N6 O2 3S 

MW: 198.20

H2N S

NH

O

O O

Hydrolysis (pH 4 

@ 25 °C) 

45109324/ 

Supplemental 1.1 (10 d) 1.1 (10 d) 
Page 97 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

AEF099095 

(4,6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-urea Formula:C H7 10N O4 3MW: 198.18 

NH2

NH

N

N

O

O

O

Aerobic Soil 45109713/ acceptable 0.8 (21 d) <LOD (203 d) 

Bold font indicates the highest percentage observed for a given transformation product. MW: molecular weight * Largest single unknown; it is unclear if the residues cited are the same. 
Page 98 of 318

Halosulfuron-methyl 

Chemical structures of halosulfuron-methyl and selected environmental degradates 

Halosulfuron-methyl 

CHEMICAL NAME:methyl 5-{[(dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino] carbonylaminosulfonyl -3-chloro -1-methyl1-H- pyrazole-4-carboxylate 

Halosulfuron rearrangement ester or CP-151790 or PZ-SP-2 

CHEMICAL NAME: 

3-Chloro-5-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole4-carboxylic acid, methyl ester 

OR 

1H-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, 3-chloro-5- [(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]-1-methyl, methyl ester 

OR 

Methyl 3-Chloro-5-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylamino)- 

1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate 

Halosulfuron aminopyrimidine or CP 17477 

CHEMICAL NAME:4,6-Dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinamine 

Halosulfuron guanidine or PZ-SP-12 

IH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. S-[([[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]- 

3-chloro-l-melhyl 
Page 99 of 318

Halosulfuron acid or CP-147921 

CHEMICAL NAME: 

3-Chloro-5-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino] carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]-l-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-

carboxylic acid 

3-Chlorosulfonamide acid (pyrazole) or CP-147924 or PZ-SP-8 

CHEMICAL NAME: 

5-(Aminosulfonyl)-3-chloro-l-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 

OR 

IH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. 5-(aminosulfonyl)-3-chloro-l-melhyl 

Desmethyl halosulfuron or CP 147922 

CHEMICAL NAME: 

3-Chloro-5-[[[[(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl) amino] 

carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxy!ic acid, 

methyl ester 

3-Chlorosulfonamide ester or CP 147925 

CHEMICAL NAME: 

5-(Aminosulfonyl)-3-chloro-l-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, 

methyl ester 

OR 

IH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid. S-(aminosulfonyl)-3-chloro-l-melhyl-. methyl ester 

S NH2

O

O

N N

O O

Cl
Page 100 of 318

Imazosulfuron 

Table 6. Major and Minor Degradates of Imazosulfuron

Name of Degradate 

And 

Structure 

IUPAC Name Maximum 

Detected 

(%) 

Comments 

Major degradates 

HMS 1-(2-chloroimidazo[1,2-D]pyridin-3-

ylsulfonyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-6-

methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea 

20.9 Detected under both imidazolyl 

(IM) and pyrimidinyl (PM) labels 

IPSN 2-Chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-

sulfonamide. 

90.7 IM label at pH 4.0 

IOHA 2-(2-imino-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl)oxalic 

acid 

20.4 IM label 

ADPM 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 91.2 PM label at pH 4.0 

UPDM 4,6-dimethoxy-2-ureidopyrimidine 11.2 PM label 

SDPM (4,6-dimethoxypyridine-2-

yl)aminocarbonylsufamic acid 

13.9 PM label 

CO2 Carbon dioxide 53.3 PM label 

N

N

Cl

S

O

O

N

H

N

O

H N

N

O

O H

CH3

N

N

Cl

S

O

O

N

H

H

N

O NH

HO

O

H

N

N

N

O

O CH3

CH3

H

N

H

N

O

H N

N

O

O CH3

CH3

H

S

O

O

N

H

N

O

H N

N

O

O CH3

CH3

HO

O C O
Page 101 of 318

Table 6. Major and Minor Degradates of Imazosulfuron

Name of Degradate 

And 

Structure 

IUPAC Name Maximum 

Detected 

(%) 

Comments 

Minor degradates 

IP 2-Chloroimidazo[1,2-D]pyridine 3.2 IM label at pH 4.0 

IPSA 2-chloroimidazo[1,2-D]pyridin-3-yl sulfonic 

acid 

5.8 IM label 

CDPM 2-cyano-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 5.3 PM label 

AHMP 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidine 4.7 PM label 

ACIS N-

({[Amino(imino)methyl]amino}carbonyl)-

2-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-

sulfonamide 

9.4 IM Label 

N

N

Cl

N

N

Cl

S

O

O

OH

N

N

N

O

O CH3

CH3

H

N

N

N

N

O

O H

CH3

H

H

N

N

Cl

S

O

O

N

H

N

O

H NH2

NH
Page 102 of 318

Iodosulfuron 

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

MAJOR 

AE F075736 

Metsulfuron methyl; methyl 2-[3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl1,3,5- triazin-2-y1)ureidosulfonyl]benzoate C14H15N O5 6S 

Mol. Wt.: 381.3638 

CO2CH3

SO2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OCH3

Aerobic Soil 

45108934 55.3 1 DAT 2.9 120 d 

45108935 70.1 14 DAT 25.5 120 d 45108936 47.7 14 DAT 10 120 d 45109001 58.6 11 DAT 4.4 120 d 

Aerobic Aquatic 45109021 67.8 43 DAT 1.4 365 d 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 45109023 1.5 5 DAT <LOD 366 d 

AE F161778 

methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxy6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl] benzoate C13H13N O5 6S 

Mol. Wt.: 367.3372 

CO2CH3

SO2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OH

Aerobic Soil 

45108934 12.2 28 DAT 3.5 120 d 

45108935 5.8 63 DAT 3.5 120 d 45108936 13.7 42 DAT 9.3 120 d 45109001 8.5 28 DAT 3.3 120 d 

AE 0014966 2-[3-(4-methoxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl]benzoic acid C13H13N O5 6S 

CO2H

SO2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OCH3

Aerobic Aquatic 45109021 15.5 91 DAT n.d. 365 d 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 45109023 33.2 113 DAT <LOD 366 d 
Page 103 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

Mol. Wt.: 367.3372 

AE 0014965 Dimethoxy-metsulfuron 

free acid 2-[3-(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl]benzoic acid C12H11N O5 6S 

Mol. Wt.: 353.3106 

CO2H

SO2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OH Anaerobic 

Aquatic 45109023 16.0 113 DAT 2.5 366 d 

AE F145740 4-iodo-2-[3-(4-methoxy6-methyl-1,3,5-

~idosulfonyl benzoic acid C14H14IN O5 6S 

Mol. Wt.: 507.2603 CO2CH3

I S

O2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OCH3

Aerobic Soil 

45108934 3.2 11 DAT 1.3 120 d 

45108935 1.0 4 DAT n.d. 120 d 45108936 1.4 42 DAT 0.7 120 d 45109001 4.4 64 DAT 3.6 120 d 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

45109023 50.6 28 DAT <LOD 366 d 

45108936 18.8 120 DAT 18.8 120 d 45109001 33.4 120 DAT 33.4 120 d 

Aerobic Aquatic 45109021 27.5 365 DAT 13.7 365 d 

AE0002166 Methyl 4-hydroxy-2-[3-

(4-methoxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ureido]benzoate C14H15N O5 6S 

Mol. Wt.: 381.3638 

CO2CH3

HO S

O2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OCH3

Soil Photolysis 45109003 21.4 144 HAT 21.4 144 h 
Page 104 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

AE0 034855 4-hydroxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)urea 

C

H5 N7 O5 2

Mol. Wt.: 169.1414 

H2N

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OH

Aerobic Aquatic 45109021 24.2 182 DAT 16.5 365 d 

AE 0000119 (4-methoxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea 

C

H6 N9 O5 2

Mol. Wt.: 183.1680 

H2N

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OCH3

Aerobic Soil 45108934 4.2 28 DAT 4.1 120 d 

Aerobic Aquatic

45108936 5.4 120 DAT 5.4 120 d 

45109001 4.0 64 DAT 3.9 120 d 45109021 24.9 120 DAT 12.4 365 d 

AEF159737 saccharin 

1,2-benzisothiazol3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide C

H7 NO 5 3S 

Mol. Wt.: 183.1845 

SO

NH

2

O

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 45109023 9.7 182 DAT <LOD 366 d 

Unknowns Soil Photolysis 45109003 9.5 (combined) 327 HAT 6.9 393 h 

Aerobic Soil 

45108934 6.2 63 DAT 3.3 120 d 

45108935 7.2 (combined) 120 DAT 1.2 120 d 45109001 9.8 (single) 120 DAT 9.8 120 d 

Non-extracted Residues 

Aerobic Soil 

45108934 39.3 120 DAT 39.3 (120 d) 

45108935 9.3 91 DAT 9.0 120 d 45108936 33.8 120 DAT 33.8 120 d 45109001 35.7 120 DAT1 35.7 120 d 

Aerobic Aquatic 45109021 30.3 365 DAT 30.3 365 d 
Page 105 of 318

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length) 

MINOR

AE F143133 Iodo saccharin 

6-iodo-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1, 1-dioxide C H7 4INO3S 

Mol. Wt.: 309.0810 

SO

O

NH

2

I

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 45109023 2.2 3 DAT <LOD 366 d 

AE FI45741 

methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxy6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)105reidosulfonyl4-iodobenzoate C13H12IN O5 6S 

Mol. Wt.: 493.2337 

CO2CH3

I S

O2

HN

HN

O N N

N

CH3

OH

Aerobic Soil 

45108934 3.2 4, 7 DAT 1.6 120 d 

45108935 3.4 0 DAT n.d. 120 d 45108936 4.9 14 DAT 2.2 120 d 45109001 4.3 64 DAT 3.8 120 d 

Bold font indicates the highest percentage observed for a given transformation product. MW: molecular weight AR: Applied radioactivity n.d. not detected <LOD 
Page 106 of 318

Mesosulfuron-methyl 

Mesosulfuron-methyl Degradates 

Parameter Value Reference Comments

Bridge-intact Metabolites of Mesosulfuron-methyl 

(Unique to Mesosulfuron-methyl) 

Company Code AE F154851 MRID 45386425 Mesosulfur

Chemical Name 2-[3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-

yl)ureidosulfonyl]-4-

methanesulfonamidomethyl benzoic 

acid 

MRID 45386425 

Empirical Formula C16H19N5O9S2 EPI 4.1 

SMILES O=C(Nc1nc(OC)cc(OC)n1)NS(=O)(

=O)c2cc(ccc2C(=O)O)CNS(=O)(=O

)C 

EPI 4.1 

CAS Number 400852-66-6

Molecular mass 489.48 EPI 4.1 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Koc (mL/g) 119 (Minnesota clay loam) 

66 (Hattersheim silt loam) 

50 (Münster sandy loam)

MRID 45386433 

(Acceptable) 

Company Code AE F160459 MRID 45386427 

MRID 45386429 

Chemical Name Methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxy-6-

methoxypyrimidine-2- 

yl)ureidosulfonyl]-4-

methanesulfonamido-methyl 

benzoate 

MRID 45386427 

MRID 45386429 

Empirical Formula C16H19N5O9S2 EPI 4.1 

SMILES C(=O)(c1c(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)Nc2n

c(O)cc(OC)n2)cc(CNS(C)(=O)=O)c

c1)OC 

EPI 4.1 

Molecular mass 489.48 EPI 4.1 
Page 107 of 318

Mesosulfuron-methyl Degradates 

Parameter Value Reference Comments 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Company Code AE F160460 MRID 45386429 

Chemical Name 2-[3-(4-hydroxy-6-

methoxypyrimidin-2-yl) 

ureidosulfonyl]-4-

methanesulfonamidomethyl-benzoic 

acid 

MRID 45386429 

Empirical Formula C15H17N5O9S2 EPI 4.1 

SMILES C(=O)(O)c1c(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)Nc

2nc(O)cc(OC)n2)cc(CNS(C)(=O)=O

)cc1 

EPI 4.1 

Molecular mass 475.45 EPI 4.1 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Phenyl Ring Bridge-cleavage Metabolites of Mesosulfuron-methyl 

(Unique to Mesosulfuron-methyl)

Company Code AE F140584 MRID 45386418 

Chemical Name Methyl 4-

methanesulfonamidomethyl-2-

sulfamoylbenzoate 

MRID 45386418 

Empirical Formula C10 H14 N2 O6 S2 EPI 4.1 

SMILES C(=O)(c1c(S(N)(=O)=O)cc(CNS(C)(

=O)=O)cc1)OC 

EPI 4.1 

Molecular mass 322.35 EPI 4.1 
Page 108 of 318

Mesosulfuron-methyl Degradates 

Parameter Value Reference Comments 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Company Code AE F147447 MRID 45386418 

Chemical Name 6-Methanesulfonamidomethyl- 1,2-

benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,l dioxide

MRID 45386418 

Empirical Formula C9 H10 N2 O5 S2 EPI 4.1 

SMILES C1(=O)c2c(cc(CNS(C)(=O)=O)cc2)

S(=O)(=O)N1 

EPI 4.1 

Molecular mass 290.31 EPI 4.1 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Pyrimidine Ring Bridge-cleavage Metabolites of Mesosulfuron-methyl 

(Common to Other Sulfonylurea Herbicides)

Company Code AE F099095 MRID 45386434 

Chemical Name (CAS) 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl-urea MRID 45386434 

Empirical Formula C7 H10 N4 O3 EPI 4.1 

SMILES c1(OC)cc(OC)nc(NC(N)=O)n1 EPI 4.1 

Molecular mass 198.18 EPI 4.1 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Koc (mL/g) 3856 (Minnesota clay loam) 

365 (Hattersheim silt loam) 

206 (Münster sandy loam) 

MRID 45386434 

(Acceptable) 

Company Code AE F119094 

Chemical Name (CAS) 4-Hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-

yl-urea 

Empirical Formula C6 H8 N4 O3 EPI 4.1 

SMILES c1(O)cc(OC)nc(NC(N)=O)n1 EPI 4.1 

Molecular mass 184.16 EPI 4.1 
Page 109 of 318

Mesosulfuron-methyl Degradates 

Parameter Value Reference Comments 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

Company Code AE F092944 MRID 45386418 

MRID 45386425

Chemical Name (CAS) 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine MRID 45386418 

MRID 45386425 

Empirical Formula C6 H9 N3 O2 EPI 4.1 

SMILES c1(OC)cc(OC)nc(N)n1 EPI 4.1 

CAS Number 36315-01-2 CSID:106290 

Molecular mass 155.16 EPI 4.1 

Structure http://www.chemsp

ider.com/Structure

Search.aspx 

1

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm 
Page 110 of 318

Metsulfuron-methyl 
Page 111 of 318
Page 112 of 318

Nicosulfuron

Degradate

Identity Structure

Max% of 

Applied 

and Days 

Post 

Application

Comments

 Hydrolysis (pH 5 only; Nicosulfuron stable at pH 7 and pH 9) – MRID No. 40924220 

IN-V9367 or Pyridine Sulfonamide 2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

31.4% at 30 

days 

Detected with [Pyridine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 30 days. 

IN-J0290 or Pyrimidine Amine 4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinamine 

32.1% at 30 

days 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 30 days. 

DPX-V9360 Ipso Precursor 2-[(Aminocarbcnyl)(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-amino]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

6.05% at 30 

days 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 30 days. 
Page 113 of 318

Degradate

Identity Structure

Max% of 

Applied 

and Days 

Post 

Application

Comments

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (MRID No. 4854304) 

IN-37740 2-[[(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl]aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N, Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

14.55% at 

102 days 

Detected with [Pyridine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron Radiolabel. Studies were terminated at 102 days. 

IN-HYY21 or AUSN 2-[[[[(Aminoiminomethyl) amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

3.3% at 102 

days 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron Radiolabel. Studies were terminated at 102 days. 

IN-77799 2-[(Aminocarbonyl) [4-methoxy-6-(methyldioxy)-2-pyrimidinyl] amino]-N, N -dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

1.5% at 102 

days 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron Radiolabel. Studies were terminated at 102 days. 
Page 114 of 318

Degradate

Identity Structure

Max% of 

Applied 

and Days 

Post 

Application

Comments

IN-V9367 or Pyridine Sulfonamide 2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

2.65% at 102 

days 

Detected with [Pyridine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Studies were terminated at 102 days. 

 Aerobic Soil Metabolism (MRID Nos. 41082622 and 46240901) 

IN-HYY21 or AUSN 2-[[[[(Aminoiminomethyl) amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

9.4% at 120 

days in 

alkaline soil 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 120 days. 

IN-V9367 or Pyridine Sulfonamide 2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

47% at 180 

days in acidic 

soil 

9.1%at 120 

days in 

alkaline soil 

Detected with [Pyridine-2-14C] 

Radiolabel. Study in acidic soil ended at 240 days; in alkaline soil ended at 120 days. 
Page 115 of 318

Degradate

Identity Structure

Max% of 

Applied 

and Days 

Post 

Application

Comments

IN-J0290 or Pyrimidine Amine 4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinamine 

42% at 180 

days in acidic 

soil 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron Radiolabel. Study in acidic soil was terminated at 240 days. 

IN-GDC42 2-[[[(Aminocarbonyl) amino]carbonylamino] sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

2.2% at 90 

and 120 days 

in alkaline 

soil 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron Radiolabel. Study in alkaline soil was terminated at 120 days. 

IN-37740 2-[[(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl]aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N, Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

3.1% at 14 

days in 

alkaline soil 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron Radiolabel. Study in alkaline soils was terminated at 120 days. 
Page 116 of 318

Degradate

Identity Structure

Max% of 

Applied 

and Days 

Post 

Application

Comments

IN-77799 2-[(Aminocarbonyl) [4-methoxy-6-(methyldioxy)-2-pyrimidinyl] amino]-N, N -dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

2.75% at 21 

days in 

alkaline soil 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 120 days. 

 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism (MRID No. 41082623)

IN-V9367 or Pyridine Sulfonamide 2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

29.5% at 90 

days in acidic 

soil 

Detected with [Pyridine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 90 days 

IN-J0290 or Pyrimidine Amine 4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinamine 

25% at 61 

days in acidic 

soil 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 90 days 
Page 117 of 318

Degradate

Identity Structure

Max% of 

Applied 

and Days 

Post 

Application

Comments

 Terrestrial Field Dissipation (MRID No. 43483901) 

IN-V9367 or Pyridine Sulfonamide 2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,Ndimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 

15.85% in 0 -

6 inch soil 

depth at 61 

days in 

Illinois Silty 

Clay Loam 

Soil (acidic) 

5.15% in 0 -6 

inch soil 

depth at 121 

days in 

California 

Sandy Loam 

Soil 

(alkaline) 

Detected with [Pyridine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 545 days 

IN-J0290 or Pyrimidine Amine 4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinamine 

13.4% in 0 - 

6 inch soil 

depth at 61 

days in 

Illinois Silty 

Clay Loam 

Soil (acidic) 

Detected with [Pyrimidine-2-

14C]Nicosulfuron 

Radiolabel. Study was terminated at 545 days 
Page 118 of 318

Orthosulfamuron 

Code Name/ Synonym/ 

Chemical Name/ Formula/MW/ SMILES Chemical Structure 

Orthosulfamuron, IR5878, S3, H3 

IUPAC: 1-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-[2-

(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfamoyl]urea. 

CAS: 2-[[[[[(4,6-Dimethoxy-2-

pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]amino]-

N,N-dimethylbenzamide 

CAS No.: 213464-77-8 

Formula: C16H2ON6O6S 

MW: 424.4 g/mol 

SMILES:

CN(C(=O)c1ccccc1NS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)Nc1nc(cc(n1)O

C)OC)C 

DBS acid, IR7863, S1, H1 

IUPAC: (2-Dimethylcarbamoylphenyl)sulfamic acid 

CAS: Sodium (2-dimethylcarbamoylphenyl)sulfamate 

Other: 2-Sulfamino-N,N-dimethylbenzamide 

CAS No.: 

Formula: C9H12N2SO4

MW: 244.28g/mol 

SMILES: CN(C)C(=O)c1ccccc1NS(=O)(=O)O 

DB amine, S4, H4 

IUPAC: (2-2-Amino-N,N-dimethylbenzamide 

Formula: C9H12N2O 

MW: 164.21 g/mol 

SMILES: CN(C)C(=O)c1ccccc1N 

DOP amine, S13, H6 

IUPAC: 4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl amine 

2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine 

Formula: C7H10N4O3 

MW: 198.21 

SMILES: COc1cc(OC)nc(N)n1 

DOP urea, IR7825, S12, H5 

IUPAC: N-(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-urea 

CAS: 4,6-Dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl urea 

Formula: C6H9N3O2 

MW: 155.16 

N

O

NH

S

O

O

NH

O

NH

N

N

O

O

N

NH S

O

O

O

OH

N

NH2

O

N2 H N

N

O

O

N2 H NH N

N

O

O

O
Page 119 of 318

Code Name/ Synonym/ 

Chemical Name/ Formula/MW/ SMILES Chemical Structure 

SMILES: COc1cc(OC)nc(NC(N)=O)n1 

DBS amide, S2, H2 

Other: 2-Sulfamoylamino-N,N-dimethylbenzamide 

Formula: C9H13N3SO3 

MW: 243.28 g/mole 

SMILES: CN(C)C(=O)c1ccccc1CS(N)(=O)=O 

O-desmethyl IR5878, O-desmethyl orthosulfamuron, 

IR8181, S9 

IUPAC: 1-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-[2-

(2-dimethylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfamoyl]urea 

CAS: 1-[2(Dimethylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfamyl]-3-(4-

hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea 

SMILES:

COc2cc(O)nc(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)Nc1ccccc1C(=O)N(C

)C)n2 

S11 (multiple unresolved compounds) 

S5 (multiple unresolved compounds) 

o-desmethyl DOP urea, S15 

MW: 184.16

SMILES: COc1cc(O)nc(NC(N)=O)n1 

S6 

S8 

IR8181 

S16 

S7 

Abbreviations: nd = not detected; AR =applied radioactivity; MW =molecular weight. 

N

NH S NH2

O

O

O

N

NH S NH NH N

N

OH

O

O O

O

O

N

H

O

H2N

N

N O

OH
Page 120 of 318

Common Name or 

Code Name Study Type MRID Max %AR or Conc. 

(sampling interval) 

Final %AR or Conc. 

(sampling interval) 

Descriptive Information 

for Value 

Orthosulfamuron, 

IR5878, S3, H3 

Hydrolysis 46219015 

33 ( 37 days) pH 7, 25oC 

56 (176 days) pH 9, 25o

C 

nd (5 days) pH 4, 50o

C 

18 (5 days) pH 7, 50o

C 

72 (5 days) pH 9, 50oC 

Hydrolysis 46219016 

15 (1 hr) 1 hr, pH 4, 50oC 

27 (52 hrs) 52 hrs, pH 7, 50o

C 

33 (13 days) 13 days, pH 9, 50oC 

Aqueous 

photolysis 46588509 95 (7 days) 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 46578967 

22 (180 days) AR pyr 

19 (180 days) AR phe label 

7 (180 days) CA pyr label 

Aquatic Field 

Dissipation 46578985 

0.083 mg/kg (0day) nd (123 day) AR soil 

0.171 mg/kg (3 day) <0.005 mg/kg (60 day) AR sediment 

0.017 mg/L (3 day) <0.005 (22 day) AR water 

0.103 mg/kg (0 day) <0.005 mg/kg (194 day) CA Soil 

0.056 mg/kg (3 day) nd (60 day) CA sediment 

DBS acid, IR7863, 

S1, H1 

Hydrolysis 46219015 

58 ( 37 days) 58 ( 37 days) pH 7, 25o

C 

23 (176 days) 23 (176 days) pH 9, 25oC 

86 (5 days) 86 (5 days) pH 4, 50o

C 

66 (5 days) 66 (5 days) pH 7, 50o

C 

12 (5 days) 12 (5 days) pH 9, 50oC 

Aerobic 

Aquatic 46219017 54 (90 day) 54 (90 days) AR phe label 

61 (61 days) 61 (61 days) CA phe label 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 12 (100 days) 9 (180 days) AR phe label 

39 (150 days) 39 (150 days) CA pyr label 

Aquatic field 

dissipation 46578985 

0.047 mg/kg(7 days) nd (550 days) AR soil 

 0.065 mg/kg (7 days) nd (60 days) AR sediment 

0.011 mg/L (15 days) <0.005 mg/L (60 days) AR water 

<0.02 mg/kg (7 days) nd (553 days) CA soil 

<0.02 mg/kg (7 days) nd (60 days) CA sediment 

<0.005 mg/L (15 days) nd (60 days) CA water 

DB amine, S4, H4 

Hydrolysis 46219015 

2 (37 days) 2 (37 days) pH 7, 25o

C 

13 (176 days) 13 (176 days) pH 9, 25oC 

13 (5 days) 13 (5 days) pH 4, 50oC 

11 (5 days) 11 (5 days) pH 7, 50oC 

6 (5 days) 6 (5 days) pH 9, 50oC 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 <1 (90 days) <1 (90 days) AR 

1 (90 days) 1 (90 days) CA 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 6 (42 days) 5 (42 days) AR phe label 

6 (100 days) 4 (150 days) CA phe label 
Page 121 of 318

Common Name or 

Code Name Study Type MRID Max %AR or Conc. 

(sampling interval) 

Final %AR or Conc. 

(sampling interval) 

Descriptive Information 

for Value 

DOP amine, S13, 

H6 Hydrolysis 46219016 

4 (1hr) 4 (1hr, pH 4, 50o

C) pH 4, 50o

C 

11 (52 hrs) 11 (52 hrs) pH 7, 50oC 

53 (13 days) 53 (13 days) pH 9, 50oC 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 1 (90 days) 1 (90 days) AR sediment 

1 (30 days) 1 (90 days) CA sediment 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 46578967 <1 (100 days) <1 (180 days) AR pyr label 

DOP urea, 

IR7825, S12, H5 Hydrolysis 46219016 

78 (1hr) 78 (1hr) pH 4, 50o

C 

60 (52 hrs) 60 (52 hrs) pH 7, 50oC 

13 (13 days) 13 (13 days) pH 9, 50oC 

Aerobic 

Aquatic 46219017 47 (90 days) 47 (90 days) AR pyr label 

40 (30 days) 36 (61 days) CA pyr label 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 46578967 12 (42 days) 3 (180 days) AR pyr label 

19 (59 days) 16 (150 days) CA pyr label 

Aquatic Field 

Dissipation 46578985 

0.07 mg/kg (186 day) 0.024 mg/kg (123 day) AR soil 

0.147 mg/kg (15 day) 0.041 mg/kg (60 day) AR sediment 

<0.005 mg./L (60 days) <0.005 mg./L (60 days) AR water 

0.089 (194 day) 0.033 mg/kg (553 day) CA soil 

0.162 mg/kg (7 day) 0.023 mg/kg (60 day) CA sediment 

<0.005 mg/L (30 days) nd (60 days) CA water 

DBS amide, S2, 

H2 

Hydrolysis 46219015 

7 ( 37 days) 7 ( 37 days) pH 7, 25o

C 

8 (176 days) 8 (176 days) pH 9, 25oC 

9 (0.13 days) 1 (0.04 days) pH 4, 50oC 

8 (2 days) 5 (5 days) pH 7, 50oC 

10 (5 days) 10 (5 days) pH 9, 50oC 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 

4 (180 days) 4 (180 days) AR phe label 

4 (150 days) 4 (150 days) CA phe label 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 4 (90 days) 4 (90 days) AR phe label 

4 (61 days) 4 (61 days) CA phe label 

O-desmethyl 

IR5878, Odesmethyl 

orthosulfamuron, 

IR8181, S9 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 

9 (90 days) 9 (90 days) AR pyr label 

7 (90 days) 7 (90 days) AR phe label 

7 (30 days) 6 (90 days) CA pyr label 

6 (44 days) 6 (61 days) CA phe label 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 

19 (100 days) 16 (180 days) 

AR phe label 

17 (180 days) 17 (180 days) AR pyr label 

12 (59 days) 4 (150 days) CA pyr label 

13 (35 days) 4 (150 days) CA phe label 

S11 (multiple 

unresolved 

compounds) 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 3 (90 days) 3 (90 days) AR 

6 (90 days) 6 (90 days) CA 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 46578967 23 (180 days) 23.18 (180 days) AR pyr label 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 4 (90 days) 4 (90 days) AR 

4 (90 days) 4 (90 days) CA 
Page 122 of 318

Common Name or 

Code Name Study Type MRID Max %AR or Conc. 

(sampling interval) 

Final %AR or Conc. 

(sampling interval) 

Descriptive Information 

for Value 

S5 (multiple 

unresolved 

compounds) 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 

22 (180 days) 22 (180 days) AR phe label 

16 (100 daysphe) 15, (150 days) CA phe label 

o-desmethyl DOP 

urea, S15 

Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 <1 (90 days) <1 (90 days) AR 

4 (44 days) 3 (61 days) CA 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 3 (180 days, AR pyr) 3 (180 days, AR pyr) 

S6 Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 <1 (7 days) 0.0 (90 days) AR 

nd nd CA 

S8 Aerobic 

aquatic 46219017 <1 (90 days) <1 (90 days) AR 

nd nd CA 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 2 (180 days) 2 (180 days) AR phe label 

2 (100 days) 2 (150 days) CA phe label 

IR8181 Aquatic field 

dissipation 46578985 nd nd CA or AR 

S16 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 

<1 (180 days) <1 (180 days) AR pyr label 

1 (0 days) <1 (180 days) AR phe label 

1 (0 days) < LOD (150 days) CA phe label 

S7 Anaerobic 

aquatic 46578967 <1 (15 days) < LOD (180 days) AR phe label 

<1 (15 days) <LOD (150 days) CA phe label 

Abbreviations: %AR=percent applied radioactivity present as the identified compound; Conc.=concentration measured in 

field study; phe = phenyl ring radiolabeled; pyrimidinyl ring radiolabeled; CA=California; AR=Arkansas; LOD=limit of 

detection 

Primisulfuron-methyl 
Page 123 of 318

CGA171683 
Page 124 of 318

Prosulfuron 

Code Name/ Synonym/ 

Chemical Name/ Formula/MW/ SMILES Chemical Structure 

Prosulfuron, CGA-152005 

IUPAC: 1-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-3-

[2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenylsulfonyl]urea 

CAS: N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-

benzenesulfonamide 

CAS No.: 094125-34-5 

Formula: C15H16F3N5O4S 

MW: 419.38 

SMILES:

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(

C2=NC(=NC(=N2)OC([H])([H])[H])C)[H])[H] 

CGA-159902 

IUPAC: 2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenyl sulfonamide 

CAS: 2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-benzenesulfonamide 

CAS No.: 

Formula: C9H10F3N1O2S1 

MW: 253.24 

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N([H])[H] 
Page 125 of 318

CGA-150829 

IUPAC: 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 

Formula: C5H8N4O1

MW: 140.15 

SMILES: N(C1=NC(=NC(=N1)C)OC)([H])[H] 

CGA-300406 

IUPAC: N-[[(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-

benzenesulfonamide 

CAS: N-[[(1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-

trifluoropropyl)benzenesulfonamide] 

Other: O-desmethyl triasulfuron

Formula: C14H14 F3N5O4S1 

MW: 405.35 

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(

C2=NC(=NC(=N2)C)O[H])[H])[H] 

CGA-325025 

CAS: N-[[(4-amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-

amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-

benzenefulfonamide 

Other: Desmethoxyamino CGA-152005 

Formula: C14H15F3N6O3S1

MW: 404.37

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC2

=NC(=NC(=N2)N([H])[H])C 

CGA-325028 

CAS: N-

[[[[(aminocarbonyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]carbonyl-2-

(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)

Formula: C12H13F3N4O5S1

MW: 382.32 

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(

C(=O)N(C(=O)N([H])[H])[H])[H])[H] 
Page 126 of 318

CGA-325026 

CAS: N-[[aminocarbonyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-

trifluoropropyl) 

Formula: C11H12F3N3O4S1

MW: 339.29 

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(

C(=O)N([H])[H])[H])[H] 

CGA-325027 

CAS: N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) 

MW: 296.27 

Formula: C10H11F3N2O3S1 

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N([

H])[H])[H] 

G-28533 

CAS: 6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 

MW: 127.10 

Formula: C4H5N3O2

SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)C)O[H])O[H] MOL 

FOR: 

NANC-CGA-159902

CAS: N-[[aminocarbonyl)amino]carbonyl]-N-acetyl-2-

(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)

MW: 338.30

Formula: C12H13F3N2O4S1

SMILES: 

C1=CC=CC(=C1CC(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)N(C(N(C(=O)N

([H])[H])[H])=O)C(=O)C 
Page 127 of 318

CGA-188838 

CAS: 4-amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one 

MW: 126.12 

Formula: C4H6N4O1

SMILES: N(C1=NC(=NC(=N1)C)O[H])([H])[H] 

CGA-325030 

CAS: N-[[[[[[[[2-(3,3,3-

trifluoropropyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]

-carbonyl]amino]carbonyl]acetamide 

Other: Polyimide Acetate 

MW: 424.35

Formula: C14H15F3N4O6S1

SMILES:

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(

C(=O)N(C(=O)N(C(C)=O)[H])[H])[H])[H] 

CGA-273437 

CAS: N-[[[4-hydroxymethoxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3,5-

triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) 

MW: 435.38

Formula: C15H16F3N5O5S1 

SMILES: 

C(F)(F)(F)CCC1=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)N(C(=O)N(

C2=NC(=NC(=N2)C(O[H])([H])[H])OC)[H])[H] 

MW =molecular weight. 

Transformation 

Product Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

CGA-150829 

Hydrolysis 

42685246 

(triazine) 

46.1 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 

0.8 (15, pH 7, 25oC) 

0.5 (30, pH 9, 25oC) 

46.1 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 

0.7 (30, pH 7, 25oC) 

0.5 (30, pH 9, 25oC) 

Photodegradation 

 in water 

42685248 

(triazine) 

0.7 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

2.5 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

0.7 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

2.5 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

Photodegradation 

 in soil 

43159328 

(triazine) 

4.4 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

5.2 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, 

irradiated) 

4.4 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

5.2 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, irradiated)
Page 128 of 318

Transformation 

Product Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Aerobic soil 

42685250 

(triazine) 11.9 (366) 11.9 (366) 

43387712

 (triazine)

31.0 (366) 31.0 (366) 

Anaerobic soil 

42685252 

(triazine) 

8.3 (90) 8.3 (90) 

43387714 

(triazine) 8.6 (60) 4.7 (90) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387716 

(triazine) 

37.0 (90) 18.6 (365) 

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387718 

(triazine) 

9.0 (30) 9.0 (30) 

CGA-159902 

Hydrolysis 

42685247 

(phenyl) 

64.4 (24 days, pH 5, 25o

C) 

0.9 (30 days, pH 7, 25oC) 

1.3 (24 days, pH 9, 25oC) 

58.5 (30 days, pH 5, 25 oC) 

0.9 (30 days, pH 7, 25 oC) 

0.8 (30 days, pH 9, 25oC) 

Photodegradation 

 in water 

42685249 

(phenyl) 

1.5 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

1.4 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

1.5 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

1.4 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

Photodegradation 

 in soil 

43159327 

(phenyl) 

4.9 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

6.8 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, 

irradiated) 

4.9 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

6.8 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, irradiated)

Aerobic soil 

42685251 

(phenyl) 49 (366) 49 (366) 

43387713 

(phenyl) 47.8 (274) 47.6 (366) 

Anaerobic soil 

42685253 

(phenyl) 22.4 (92) 22.4 (92) 

43387715

(phenyl)

7.5 (90) 7.5 (90) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387717 

(phenyl) 

60.1(91) 58.6 (364) 

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 43387719 1.3 (30) 1.3 (30) 
Page 129 of 318

Transformation 

Product Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

CGA-188838 Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387716 

(triazine) 

9.6 (365) 9.6 (365) 

G-28533 

Hydrolysis 

42685246 

(triazine) 

16.6 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 16.6 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 

Anaerobic Soil 43387714 

(triazine) 1.5 (90) 1.5 (90) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387716 

(triazine) 

24.3 (274) 19.9 (365) 

CGA-300406 

Hydrolysis 

42685246 

(triazine) 

8.6 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 

0.5 (30, pH 7, 25oC) 

2.6 (30, pH 9, 25oC) 

46.1 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 

0.5 (30, pH 7, 25oC) 

2.6 (30, pH 9, 25oC) 

42685247

(phenyl)

15.4 (7 days, pH 5, 25oC) 

0.4 (24 days, pH 7, 25oC) 

2.3 (30 days, pH 9, 25oC) 

6.8 (30 days, pH 5, 25 oC) 

0.2 (30 days, pH 7, 25 oC) 

2.3 (30 days, pH 9, 25oC) 

Photodegradation 

 in water 

42685248 

(triazine) 

3.3 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

2.8 (21, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

3.3 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

2.6 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

42685249

(phenyl)

3.6 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

3.3 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

3.6 (30, pH 9, 25oC, dark) 

3.3 (30, pH 9, 25oC, irradiated) 

Photodegradation 

 in soil 

43159328 

(triazine) 

2.6 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

4.1 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, 

irradiated) 

2.6 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

4.1 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, irradiated)

43159327

(phenyl)

4.1 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5o

C, dark) 

4.9 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, 

irradiated) 

4.1 (30, pH 7.2, 23.5oC, dark) 

4.9 (30, pH 7.2, 23.2oC, irradiated)

Anaerobic Soil 

43387714 

(triazine) 4.6 (90) 4.6 (90) 

42685252

(triazine)

9.1 (90) 9.1 (90) 

42685253 

(phenyl) 8.3 (92) 8.3 (92) 

43387715 4.1 (90) 4.1 (90) 
Page 130 of 318

Transformation 

Product Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

(phenyl)

Aerobic soil 

 

43387713 

(phenyl) 6.2 (184) 5.0 (366) 

43387712

(triazine)

6.0 (180) 3.8 (364) 

42685251 

(phenyl) 7.1 (184) 2.7 (366) 

42685250 

(triazine) 10.4 (90) 3.2 (366) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387717 

(phenyl) 

14.6 (14) undetected (364) 

43387716

(triazine)

15.5 (14) undetected (364) 

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387718 

(triazine) 

2.6 (20) 1.9 (30) 

43387719

(phenyl)

3.0 (30) 3.0 (30) 

CGA-325025 

Aerobic soil 

43387712 

(triazine) 5.8 (60) undetected (366) 

42685250 

(triazine) 21.6 (366) 21.6 (366) 

43387713 

(phenyl) 12.5 (122) 0.6 (366) 

Anaerobic soil 

42685252 

(triazine) 

25.3 (90) 25.3 (90) 

43387714 

(triazine) 10 (90) 10(90) 

43387715

(phenyl)

18.3 (90) 18.3 (90) 

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387718 

(triazine) 

9.6 (20) 7.8 (30) 
Page 131 of 318

Transformation 

Product Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387719 

(phenyl) 

8.5 (30) 8.5 (30) 

CGA-325030 

Hydrolysis 

42685246 

(triazine) 

22.2 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 22.2 (30, pH 5, 25oC) 

42685247

(phenyl)

41.1 (30days, pH 5, 25oC) 41.1 (30 days, pH 5, 25 oC) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387717 

(phenyl) 

13.4(60) undetected (364) 

43387716

(triazine)

15.6 (30) undetected (364)

CGA-325028 

Aerobic soil 

43387712 

(triazine) 2.6 (366) 2.6 (366) 

43387713 

(phenyl) 1.9 (366) 1.9 (366) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism

43387717

(phenyl)

27.8 (364) 27.8 (364) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism

43387716

(triazine)

26.9 (273) 24.7 (365) 

CGA-325026 Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387717 

(phenyl) 

4.9 (273) 4.5 (364) 

CGA-325027 

Aerobic soil 43387713 

(phenyl) 2.5 (366) 2.5 (366) 

Anaerobic soil

43387715

(phenyl)

1.6 (90) 1.6 (90) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism

43387717

(phenyl)

4.5 (273) 4.1 (364) 

NANC-CGA159902 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

43387717 

(phenyl) 

2.9 (91) 2.0 (364) 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism

43387716

(triazine)

3.0 (59) 2.9 (365)
Page 132 of 318

Abbreviations: %AR=percent applied radioactivity present as the identified compound 

Rimsulfuron 
Page 133 of 318

Sulfometuron-methyl 

Chemical Structures 

Trivial or common names 

Company ID or similar alternate names 

Full chemical names 

Sulfometuron methyl 

DPX-T5648; DPX-5648; IN-T5648; IN 

T5648-18 

Methyl 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-

ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)benzoate 

Saccharin 

IN-581 

1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide 

Sulfometuron pyrimidine amine 

IN-X0993; IN-X993; PA 

4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinamine 

4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinamine Sulfometuron sulfonamide 

IN-D5803; SA; methyl phenylsulfonamide 

Methyl 2-(aminosulfonyl)benzoate. 

2-(Aminosulfonyl)-benzoic acid, methyl ester 
Page 134 of 318

Pyrimidine-ol 

IN-11859 

4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinol 

Sulfometuron free acid 

FA-SM; IN-T6385 

2-[[[[(4,6-Dimethyl-2-

pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-

benzoic acid 

Free acid Sulfonamide 

FA-Sulfonamide; Free acid; IN-D5119 

2-(Aminosulfonyl)benzoic acid 

O

O

H

S

O

O

N

H

H
Page 135 of 318

Sulfosulfuron 

Common Name 

(CAS #, if 

available) 

Chemical Name Degradation Process Forming 

Metabolite: Percent Formed: MRID 

Desmethyl N-[[(4-Hydroxy-6-dimethoxy-2-

pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-

(ethylsulfonyl)imidazo[1,2-

a]pyridine-3-sulfonamide 

Aerobic soil metabolism: extractable-2.58% and 1.8% 

of the applied 14C-activity at day 360; bound-1.15% and 

0.97% of the applied 14C-activity at day 360 (This minor 

route of transformation involves the demethylation of 

sulfosulfuron to yield desmethyl, which is further 

degraded to guanidine): 442957-23 

Aerobic soil metabolism: extractable-5.2%, 2.6% and 

1.9% of the applied 14C-activity at day 100 in 3 soils: 

442957-31 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 14 and 13% at day 30, 

<1% in sterile system only: 442957-26 

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism: 11.6% and 6.3% of the 

applied dose at day 365; 2.0% in sterile solution at day 

365: 442957-25 

Soil column leaching: 2.7% of applied dose in 

leachates: 442957-27 

Sulfamic acid [[(4,6-dimethyoxy-2-

pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-

sulfamic acid 

Aqueous photolysis: 14% at 48 hour, 19% at 96 hours, 

21% at 6 days: 442957-21 

Aminopyrimidine 4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinamine Hydrolysis: 92% (pH 4), 31% (pH 5), 12% (pH 7), and 

15% (pH 9) at 30 days: 442957-20 

Aqueous photolysis: 10% at 48 hours, 24% at 96 hours, 

28% at 6 days: 442957-21 

Aerobic soil metabolism: extractable – 39.92% and 

29.33 % of the applied 14C-activity; bound 27.10 and 

32.96% at day 360: 442957-23 

Aerobic soil metabolism: 1.7%: 442957-26 

Soil column leaching: limited mobility - <2% of 

applied dose in leachates: 442957-27 

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism: 13% at day 365 

(identified at hydrolysis product): 442957-25 

Sulfonamide 

(63-74-1) 

2-(ethylsulfonyl)-imidazo[1,2-

a]pyridine-3-sulfonamide 

Hydrolysis: 93% (pH 4), 34% (pH 5), 13% (pH 7), and 

15% (pH 9) at 30 days: 442957-20 

Aerobic soil metabolism: Extractable- 54.69% and 

46.66 % (maximum 14C-activity) ; bound 15.29 and 

14.46% of amount applied at 360 days: 442957-23 
Page 136 of 318

Aerobic soil metabolism: 6.1% : 442957-26 

Aerobic soil metabolism: 3,7%, 4.4%, and 12.8 % 

(maximum 14C-activity) at day 100: 442957-31 

Aerobic aquatic system: Minor transformation product 

(6.1%). (Identified as hydrolysis product): 442957-26 

Anaerobic aquatic system: Major transformation 

product 64.9% of 14C-activity at day 365 (Identified as 

hydrolysis product): 442957-25 

Soil photolysis: irradiated -13% at day 14, and 22.6% at 

Day 30, dark control 24.4% at day 30; 442957-22 

Soil column leaching: 2% of applied dose in leachates: 

442957-27 

Sulfonic acid 

(27176-87-0) 

2-(ethylsulfonyl)-imidazo[1,2-

a]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 

Aqueous photolysis: 13% at 72 hours, 15% at 96 hours, 

13% at 6 days: 442957-21 

Aerobic soil metabolism: Minor transformation product 

(<0.5%): 442957-31 

Aquatic sediment: Not mentioned in aerobic aquatic 

systems study: 442957-26 

Sulfone 2-(ethylsulfonyl)-imidazo[1,2-

a]pyridine 

Aqueous photolysis: 14% at 24 hours; 28% at 96 hours 

and 21% at 6 days: 442957-21 

Urea (4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-

urea 

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism: 29.2% (postulated to 

form due to elevated ammonia in system): 442957-25 

N-hydroxy urea N-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-

pyrimidinyl)-N’-hydroxy-urea 

Aqueous photolysis: 13% at 24 hours, 15% at 48 hours, 

7% at 96 hours: 442957-21 

Oxamic acid 2-imino-alpha-oxo-1 (2H)-

pyridineacetic acid 

Aqueous photolysis: 12% at 96 hours; 16% at 6 days: 

442957-21 

 
Page 137 of 318
Page 138 of 318

Thifensulfuron-methyl 

Table 3. Thifensulfuron methyl Major and Minor Degradates 

Degradate IUPAC Name Structure Formation 

Route 

Degradate 

Classification (% AR)*

Reference 

IN-L9225 3-[({[(4-Methoxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-triazine2-

yl)amino]carbonyl}ami

no)sulfonyl]thiophene2-carboxylic acid 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Major (up to 55% AR) MRID 48043101 

IN-JZ789 3-[({[(4-Hydroxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-triazine2-

yl)amino]carbonyl}ami

no)sulfonyl]thiophene2-carboxylic acid 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Major (up to 21% AR) MRID 48043101 

IN-W8268 Thieno[2,3-

d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 

1,1-dioxide 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Minor (<10% AR) MRID 48043101 

IN-L9226 Methyl 3-[({[(4-

hydroxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl)amino]carbonyl}ami

no)sulfonyl]thiophene2-carboxylate 

Aerobic soil 

metabolism 

Major (15% AR) MRID 00145154

IN-L9223 3-

(Aminosulfonyl)thioph

ene-2-carboxylic acid 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

Soil 

photolysis 

Major (up to 39% AR) 

Major (up to 64% AR) 

Minor (< 10% AR) 

MRID 48043101 

MRID 00145151 

MRID 00161286 

IN-V7160 N-(4-Methoxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl)urea 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Major (up to 25% AR) MRID 48043101 

IN-A4098 4-Methoxy-6-methyl1,3,5-triazin-2-amine Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

Soil 

photolysis 

Major (up to 19% AR) 

Minor (<10% AR) 

Minor (< 10% AR) 

MRID 48043101 

MRID 00145151 

MRID 00161286 

IN-B5528 4-Amino-6-methyl1,3,5-triazin-2-ol Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Minor (< 10% AR) MRID 48043101 

S

HO O

S

N

H

N

H

O

O

O

N

N N

O

CH3

CH3

S

HO O

S

N

H

N

H

O

O

O

N

N N

OH

CH3

S

S

N

O

O

O

S

O O

H3C

S

N

H

N

H

O

O

O

N

N N

OH

CH3

S

HO O

S

NH2

O

O

H2N N

H

O

N

N N

O

CH3

CH3

H2N N

N N

O

CH3

CH3

H2N N

N N

OH

CH3
Page 139 of 318

* % RA - Percent of applied radioactivity

Triasulfuron 
Page 140 of 318
Page 141 of 318

SYN546702 

N

H H

O H

N

H

N N

H

O

N

H

S

O

O

O

C

H2

C

H2

Cl

 
Page 142 of 318

Tribenuron-methyl 

Degradate IUPAC Name Structure Formation 

Route 

Degradate 

Classification 

(% AR)* 

Reference 

IN-00581 

Saccharin 

1,2-

Benzisothiazol3(2H)-one 1,1-

dioxide 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

(15.0% in 

water 

8.2% in soil) 

(32.0% in 

water 

6.4% in 

sediment) 

(82% at pH 7) 

MRID 

47643011 

MRID 

47643005 

MRID 

47643010 

IN-GK521 

O-demethyltribenuron 

Methyl 2-[({[(4-

hydroxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-

triazin-2-yl) 

(methyl)amino]c

arbonyl}amino)s

ulfonyl]benzoate 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

(10.3% in 

water 

6.0% in soil) 

MRID 

47643011 

IN-L5296 

Triazine 

amine 

4-Methoxy-N,6-

dimethyl-1,3,5-

triazin-2-amine 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

Photolysis 

Aerobic soil 

metabolism 

(7.0% in water 

16.6% in soil) 

(42.4% in 

water 

85.5% in 

sediment 

max detects at 

different time) 

(97% at pH 5 

and 7) 

(6.5%) 

(91.1%) 

MRID 

47643011 

MRID 

47643005 

MRID 

47643010 

MRID 

40245520 

MRID 

40245522 

IN-D5119 

Acid 

sulfobamide 

2-

(Aminosulfonyl)

benzoic acid 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

(6.1% in water 

0.2% in soil) 

(18.5% in 

water 

7.5% in 

sediment) 

(2% at pH 9) 

MRID 

47643011 

MRID 

47643005 

MRID 

47643010 

S

N

H O

O

O

O

S

O

O

N

H

O

N

N

N

N

H3C

HO

CH3

O CH3

N

N

N

N

H3C

H3C O

H

CH3

O

S

O

O

N

OH

H

H
Page 143 of 318

IN-R9803 

Tribenuron 

free acid 

2-[({[(4-

Methoxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-

triazin-2-yl) 

(methyl)amino]c

arbonyl}amino)s

ulfonyl]benzoic 

acid 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

(5.7% in water 

1.5% in soil) 

(3.4% in 

sediment) 

MRID 

47643011 

MRID 

47643005 

IN-GN815 

O-demethyltribenuron 

free acid 

2-[({[(4-

Hydroxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-

triazin-2-yl) 

(methyl)amino]c

arbonyl}amino)s

ulfonyl]benzoic 

acid 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

(5.9% in water 

0.9% in soil) 

(5.70% in 

water 

5.5% in 

sediment) 

MRID 

47643011 

MRID 

47643005 

IN-R9805 

O-demethyltriazine amine 

4-Methyl-6-

(methylamino)-

1,3,5-triazin-2-ol 

Anaerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

Photolysis 

Aerobic soil 

metabolism 

(3.0% in water 

2.1% in soil) 

(9.0% in water 

5.7% in 

sediment) 

(6% at pH 5) 

(2.2%) 

(26.1%) 

MRID 

47643011 

MRID 

47643005 

MRID 

47643010 

MRID 

40245520 

MRID 

40245522 

IN-A4098 

N-demethyltriazine amine 

4-Methoxy-6-

methyl-1,3,5-

triazin-2-amine 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

(2.4% in water 

3.6% in 

sediment) 

MRID 

47643005 

IN-D5803 

Sulfonamide 

Methyl 2-

(aminosulfonyl)b

enzoate 

Aerobic 

aquatic 

metabolism 

Hydrolysis 

(6.6% in 

water) 

(96% at pH 5) 

(52% at pH 7) 

MRID 

47643005 

MRID 

47643010 

* % AR - Percent of applied radioactivity

O

OH

S

O

O

N

H

O

N

N

N

N

H3C

H3C O

CH3

O

S

O

O

N

H

O

N

N

N

N

H3C

HO

CH3

OH

N

N

N

N

H3C

HO

H

CH3

N

N

N

N

H3C

H

H3C O

H

O

S

O

O

N

O CH3

H

H
Page 144 of 318

Trifloxysulfuron-Na 

STRUCTURES, CHEMICAL NAMES, and ABBREVIATIONS 
Page 145 of 318
Page 146 of 318
Page 147 of 318
Page 148 of 318

Major Trifloxysulfuron-Sodium Environmental Transformation Products 

Trifloxysulfuron

-sodium 

Transformation 

Products 

[14C] Label Hydrolysis Aqueous 

Photolysis2

Soil 

Photolysis2

Aerobic 

Soil 

Metabolism 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

Metabolism 

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism 

%max/day/pH1 Maximum % of applied radioactivity (day maximum occurred) 

CGA 382997 

Pyrimidine - - - - - - 

Pyridine 

64.0 (30 d; 4 

52.5 (30 d;5) 

4.8 (30 d; 7) 

4.0 (30 d; 9) 

I: 5.3 (30 d) 

D: 5.1 (30 d) 

I: 10.1 (30 d) 

D: 17.2 (30 d) 54.1(273 d) 4.6 (270 d)3

 4.3 (100 d)3

CGA 53052 Pyrimidine 

61.1 (30 d; 4) 

49.8 (30 d;5) 

4.9 (30 d; 7) 

3.3 (30 d; 9) 

I: 7.54 (30 d) 

D: 9.2 (30 d) 

I: 3.3 (21 d) 

D: 1.3 (14 d) 14.1(179 d) 3.8 (21 d)4 3.2 (100 d)4 

Pyridine - - - - - 

CGA 368733 

Pyrimidine 

2.7 (30 d; 4) 

2.7 (30 d; 5) 

8.1 (30 d; 7) 

35.1 (30 d; 9) 

I: 6.4 (30 d) 

D: 3.4 (30 d) - 26.7 (365 d) 7.1 (181 d)4 37.0 (100 d)4

Pyridine 

1.9 (30 d; 4) 

5.1 (30 d; 5) 

9.3 (30 d; 7) 

29.8 (30 d; 9) 

I: 7.8 (30 d) 

D: 5.1 (26 d) 

I: 11.5 (30 d) 

D: 3.2 (30 d) 16.4 (365 d) 6.4 (270 d)4

 14.1 (100 d)4

CGA 368732 

Pyrimidine 

35.9 (30 d; 4) 

42.3 (30 d; 5) 

53.0 (30 d; 7) 

23.0 (30 d; 9 

I: 45.9 (30 d) 

D: 51.1 (30 d) 

I: 25.5 (21 d) 

D: 29.0 (30 d) 21.8 (90 d) 20.1 (21 d)3 30.9 (59 d)3

14 (59 d)4

Pyridine 

34.8 (30 d; 4) 

39.3 (30 d; 5) 

51.0 (30 d; 7) 

26.5 (30 d; 9) 

I: 46.1 (30 d) 

D: 49.0 (30 d) 

I: 6.2 (30 d) 

D: 1.1 (30 d) 12.5 (91 d) 16.7 (22 d)3

 19.2 (21 d)3

CGA 294409 

Pyrimidine - I: 2.0 (3 d) 

D: 5.8 (7 d) I: 2.4 (30 d) - - - 

Pyridine - - - - - 

NOA-436664 Pyrimidine - - I: 1.0 (30 d) - 45.7 (181 d)4 7.7 (100 d)4

Pyridine - - - - 37.2 (270 d)4 21.5 (59 d)4

1 Maximum percent of applied radioactivity, days after treatment maximum occurred, pH. 

2 I = irradiated; D = Dark; Maximum percent of applied radioactivity and days after treatment. 

3 Water fraction 

4 Sediment fraction. 
Page 149 of 318

Triflusulfuron-methyl 

Chemical Structure 

(from chemical’s data 

sheet, see above) 

Summary of degradate formation for triflusulfuron-methyl. 

Common Name 

Chemical Name 

Study: max observed; time of 

observation; study duration Structure 

N-desmethyl-DPX-66037 

(MW = 478.41 g/mol) 

Methyl-2-[[[[4-

(methylamino)-6-(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-

triazin-2-

yl]amino]sulphonyl]-3-

methylbenzoate 

Aqueous photolysis: 14.7% AR; 15 days; 

15 days, pH 7 

Soil photodegradation: 12.2% AR; 2 days; 

15 days 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 3.0% AR; 

100 days; 100 days 

Methyl saccharin 

(MW = 197.21 g/mol) 

7-Methyl-1,2-

benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 

1,1-dioxide 

Hydrolysis: 99.4% AR; 30 days; 30 days, 

pH 5 

Aqueous photolysis: 71.2% AR; 15 days; 

15 days, pH 5 

Soil photodegradation: 62.4% AR in dark 

control & 11.7% AR irrad samples; 15 

days; 15 days 

Aerobic soil metabolism: 83.7% AR; 29 

days; 368 days 

Anaerobic soil metabolism: 74.6% AR; 5 + 

62 days; 62 days 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 87.8% AR; 

29 days; 100 days 

Triazine amine 

(MW = 237.19 g/mol) 

N,N-Dimethyl-6-(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-

triazine-2,4-diamine 

Hydrolysis: 98.4% AR; 30 days; 30 days, 

pH 5 

Aqueous photolysis: 46.8% AR; 7 days; 15 

days, pH 5 

Soil photodegradation: 47.5% AR in dark 

control & 11.8% AR irrad samples; 15 

days; 15 days 

Aerobic soil metabolism: 55.2% AR; 21 

days; 368 days 

Anaerobic soil metabolism: 56.9% AR; 5 + 

62 days; 62 days 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 68.4% AR; 

29 days; 100 days 

CH3

O

H3C O

S

O

O

NH

O

NH

N

N

N

NH CH3

O

F

F

F

CH3

N

H

S

O

O

O

H2N

N

N

N

N

H3C

O

F

F

F

CH3
Page 150 of 318

N-desmethyl triazine 

amine 

(MW = 223.16 g/mol) 

N,N-Methyl-6-(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-

triazine-2,4-diamine 

Aqueous photolysis: 6.9% AR; 15 days; 15 

days, pH 5 

Soil photodegradation: N.D. dark control & 

6.9% AR irrad samples at 15 days; 15 days 

Aerobic soil metabolism: 35.9% AR; 110 

days; 368 days 

Anaerobic soil metabolism: 3.2% AR; 5 + 

9 days; 62 days 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 15.6% AR; 

61 days; 100 days 

Bis-N,N-desmethyl 

triazine amine 

(MW = 209.13 g/mol) 

6-(2,2,2-

Trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-

triazine-2,4-diamine 

Aqueous photolysis: 0.2% AR; 15 days; 15 

days, pH 5 

Soil photodegradation: N.D. dark control & 

4.2% AR irrad samples at 15 days; 15 days 

Aerobic soil metabolism: 12.5% AR; 110 

days; 368 days 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 1.7% AR; 61 

days; 100 days 

N-formyl methyl triazine 

amine 

(observed only in 

aqueous photolysis study) 

N-[4-Amino-6-(2,2,2-

trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-

triazin-2-yl]-Nmethylformamide 

Aqueous photolysis: 20.1% AR; 15 days; 

15 days, pH 5 

Triazine urea 

(minor degradate) 

N-[4-(Dimethylamino)-6-

(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-

1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-urea 

Aqueous photolysis: 3.8% AR; 15 days; 15 

days, pH 5 

Soil photodegradation: 7.1% AR; 15 days; 

15 days 

N-Desmethyl triazine 

urea 

(observed only in soil 

photodegradation study) 

N-[4-(Methylamino)-6-

(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-

1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-urea 

Soil photodegradation: 13.5% AR; 15 

days; 15 days 

FA-DPX-66037 

(MW = 478.41 g/mol) 

2-[[[[[4-(dimethylamino)-

6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-

1,3,5-triazin-2-

yl]amino]carbonyl]amino

]sulfonyl]-3-

methylbenzoic acid 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism: 45.4% AR; 

61-100 days; 100 days 

H2N

N

N

N

NH

H3C

O

F

F

F

H2N

N

N

N

NH2

O

F

F

F

H2N

N

N

N

N

O

F

F

F

H3C

O

H2N

O

NH

N

N

N

N CH3

H3C

O

F

F

F

H2N

O

NH

N

N

N

NH

H3C

O

F

F

F
Page 151 of 318

Appendix D. Collected IC25 Values for Sulfonyl Urea Herbicides 

The table is arranged alphabetically by chemical. Shaded rows are vegetative vigor. 

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

BensulfuronͲmethyl corn none SE > 0.533

BensulfuronͲmethyl cucumber none SE > 0.533

BensulfuronͲmethyl oat none SE > 0.533

BensulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape height SE = 0.000154

BensulfuronͲmethyl onion height SE = 0.184

BensulfuronͲmethyl pea none SE > 0.533

BensulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass none SE > 0.533

BensulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass SE = 0.096

BensulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet biomass SE = 0.0315

BensulfuronͲmethyl tomato none SE > 0.533

BensulfuronͲmethyl corn none VV > 0.0531

BensulfuronͲmethyl cucumber height VV = 0.00125

BensulfuronͲmethyl oat none VV > 0.0531

BensulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass VV = 0.000222

BensulfuronͲmethyl onion none VV > 0.0531

BensulfuronͲmethyl pea none VV > 0.0531

BensulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass none VV > 0.0531

BensulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass VV = 0.000145

BensulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet height VV = 0.0215

BensulfuronͲmethyl tomato height VV = 0.000218

chlorimuronͲethyl corn biomass SE = 0.0026

chlorimuronͲethyl cucumber height SE = 0.00016

chlorimuronͲethyl oilseed rape height SE < 0.00004

chlorimuronͲethyl onion height SE = 0.000011

chlorimuronͲethyl pea biomass SE = 0.0034

chlorimuronͲethyl sorghum biomass SE = 0.0011

chlorimuronͲethyl soybean biomass SE > 0.081

chlorimuronͲethyl sugar beet height SE = 0.0002

chlorimuronͲethyl tomato biomass SE = 0.00018

chlorimuronͲethyl wheat biomass SE = 0.0022

chlorimuronͲethyl corn biomass VV = 0.00052
Page 152 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

chlorimuronͲethyl cucumber height VV = 0.00065

chlorimuronͲethyl oilseed rape height VV = 0.000033

chlorimuronͲethyl onion biomass VV = 0.000043

chlorimuronͲethyl pea biomass VV = 0.000087

chlorimuronͲethyl sorghum biomass VV = 0.00058

chlorimuronͲethyl soybean biomass VV = 0.004

chlorimuronͲethyl sugar beet biomass VV = 0.000092

chlorimuronͲethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.00024

chlorimuronͲethyl wheat biomass VV = 0.0011

chlorsulfuron corn biomass SE = 0.0019

chlorsulfuron cucumber biomass SE = 0.0089

chlorsulfuron oat biomass SE = 0.0065

chlorsulfuron oilseed rape biomass SE = 0.00043

chlorsulfuron onion biomass SE = 0.0003

chlorsulfuron pea biomass SE = 0.00022

chlorsulfuron sorghum biomass SE = 0.002

chlorsulfuron soybean height SE = 0.012

chlorsulfuron sugar beet biomass SE = 0.00033

chlorsulfuron tomato biomass SE = 0.00032

chlorsulfuron corn biomass VV = 0.000366

chlorsulfuron cucumber biomass VV = 0.004

chlorsulfuron oat biomass VV = 0.0107

chlorsulfuron oilseed rape height VV = 0.0000098

chlorsulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.000022

chlorsulfuron pea biomass VV = 0.000013

chlorsulfuron sorghum biomass VV = 0.00018

chlorsulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.000054

chlorsulfuron sugar beet biomass VV = 0.0000098

chlorsulfuron tomato biomass VV = 0.00014

flazasulfuron cabbage biomass SE = 0.00107

flazasulfuron carrot biomass SE = 0.00109

flazasulfuron corn biomass SE = 0.00262

flazasulfuron cucumber biomass SE = 0.012

flazasulfuron lettuce none SE > 0.04
Page 153 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

flazasulfuron oat none SE > 0.04

flazasulfuron onion biomass SE = 0.0027

flazasulfuron radish biomass SE = 0.00261

flazasulfuron ryegrass biomass SE = 0.00261

flazasulfuron soybean biomass SE = 0.15

flazasulfuron cabbage biomass VV = 0.00037

flazasulfuron carrot biomass VV = 0.00015

flazasulfuron corn biomass VV = 0.00055

flazasulfuron cucumber biomass VV > 0.0014

flazasulfuron lettuce biomass VV = 0.00097

flazasulfuron oat biomass VV = 0.0009

flazasulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.00055

flazasulfuron radish height VV = 0.00004

flazasulfuron ryegrass biomass VV = 0.0004

flazasulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.00029

foramsulfuron carrot biomass SE = 0.024976

foramsulfuron corn biomass SE > 0.0535

foramsulfuron cucumber biomass SE > 0.0535

foramsulfuron lettuce biomass SE = 0.0088308

foramsulfuron oat biomass SE > 0.0535

foramsulfuron onion biomass SE = 0.028544

foramsulfuron radish biomass SE = 0.025868

foramsulfuron ryegrass biomass SE = 0.009812

foramsulfuron soybean biomass SE > 0.0535

foramsulfuron tomato biomass SE = 0.02676

foramsulfuron carrot biomass VV = 0.000562086

foramsulfuron corn biomass VV > 0.0535

foramsulfuron cucumber height VV = 0.00019624

foramsulfuron lettuce biomass VV = 0.006959154

foramsulfuron oat biomass VV = 0.001249079

foramsulfuron onion biomass VV > 0.0535

foramsulfuron radish biomass VV = 5.17EͲ05

foramsulfuron ryegrass biomass VV = 0.001249079

foramsulfuron soybean height VV = 0.0016056
Page 154 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

foramsulfuron tomato biomass VV = 0.001249079

halosulfuronͲmethyl cabbage height SE = 0.0008

halosulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass SE = 0.0027

halosulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass SE = 0.0071

halosulfuronͲmethyl lettuce height SE = 9.90EͲ05

halosulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass SE = 0.2

halosulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass SE = 0.0003

halosulfuronͲmethyl radish biomass SE = 0.00061

halosulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass biomass SE = 0.0011

halosulfuronͲmethyl soybean height SE = 0.0041

halosulfuronͲmethyl tomato height SE = 0.0083

halosulfuronͲmethyl cabbage biomass VV = 0.00018

halosulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.0082

halosulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass VV = 0.071

halosulfuronͲmethyl lettuce biomass VV = 0.00072

halosulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass VV = 0.053

halosulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.00075

halosulfuronͲmethyl radish biomass VV = 0.000057

halosulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass biomass VV = 0.004

halosulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass VV = 0.00076

halosulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.061

imazosulfuron buckwheat height SE > 2

imazosulfuron corn biomass SE > 2

imazosulfuron flax biomass SE = 0.067

imazosulfuron lettuce biomass SE = 0.041

imazosulfuron onion biomass SE = 0.034

imazosulfuron radish height SE = 1.6

imazosulfuron ryegrass biomass SE > 2

imazosulfuron soybean biomass SE > 2

imazosulfuron tomato biomass SE > 2

imazosulfuron wheat height SE > 2

imazosulfuron buckwheat height VV = 1.6

imazosulfuron corn biomass VV > 2

imazosulfuron flax height VV = 1.1
Page 155 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

imazosulfuron lettuce biomass VV = 0.33

imazosulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.25

imazosulfuron radish surv VV = 0.08

imazosulfuron ryegrass height VV > 2

imazosulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.69

imazosulfuron tomato biomass VV = 1.3

imazosulfuron wheat biomass VV > 2

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa cabbage height SE = 0.0004

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa corn height SE > 0.0027

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa cucumber height SE > 0.0027

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa lettuce height SE = 0.000045

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa oat biomass SE = 0.004

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa onion height SE = 0.00028

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa ryegrass biomass SE = 0.00031

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa soybean biomass SE > 0.0027

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa tomato height SE = 3.50EͲ06

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa turnip biomass SE = 0.0011

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa cabbage biomass VV = 0.0000089

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa corn biomass VV > 0.0027

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa cucumber biomass VV = 0.000071

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa lettuce height VV = 3.70EͲ10

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa oat height VV > 0.0027

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa onion biomass VV = 0.0000067

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa ryegrass height VV = 0.000028

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa soybean height VV = 0.000063

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa tomato biomass VV = 0.000025

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa turnip biomass VV = 0.000089

mesosulfuronͲmethyl cabbage biomass SE = 0.00981

mesosulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass SE > 0.01338

mesosulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass SE = 0.0107

mesosulfuronͲmethyl lettuce height SE = 0.00082

mesosulfuronͲmethyl oat height SE = 0.00981

mesosulfuronͲmethyl onion height SE = 0.00749

mesosulfuronͲmethyl radish height SE = 0.00268
Page 156 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

mesosulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass SE = 0.00642

mesosulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass SE = 0.00669

mesosulfuronͲmethyl wheat biomass SE > 0.011596

mesosulfuronͲmethyl cabbage biomass VV = 0.00017

mesosulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.00041

mesosulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass VV = 0.00041

mesosulfuronͲmethyl lettuce biomass VV = 0.0002

mesosulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass VV = 0.00037

mesosulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.00053

mesosulfuronͲmethyl radish biomass VV = 0.00019

mesosulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass VV = 0.00014

mesosulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.00016

mesosulfuronͲmethyl wheat biomass VV = 0.00776

metsulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass SE = 0.00518

metsulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass SE = 0.000788

metsulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass SE > 0.008

metsulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass SE = 0.0013

metsulfuronͲmethyl onion height SE = 0.00151

metsulfuronͲmethyl pea biomass SE = 0.000436

metsulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass biomass SE = 0.00335

metsulfuronͲmethyl soybean height SE = 0.00778

metsulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet biomass SE = 0.000322

metsulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass SE = 0.000578

metsulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.00114

metsulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass VV = 0.000139

metsulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass VV = 0.00106

metsulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape height VV = 0.000387

metsulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.000109

metsulfuronͲmethyl pea biomass VV = 0.000826

metsulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass biomass VV = 0.00214

metsulfuronͲmethyl soybean height VV = 0.000158

metsulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet biomass VV = 0.0000887

metsulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.0000985

nicosulfuron corn biomass SE > 0.053
Page 157 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

nicosulfuron cucumber biomass SE = 0.0105

nicosulfuron oat height SE = 0.0329

nicosulfuron oilseed rape height SE = 0.0089

nicosulfuron onion height SE = 0.0535

nicosulfuron pea none SE > 0.052

nicosulfuron sorghum biomass SE = 0.000954

nicosulfuron soybean biomass SE = 0.0418

nicosulfuron sugar beet biomass SE = 0.0225

nicosulfuron tomato biomass SE = 0.0179

nicosulfuron cucumber biomass VV = 0.00262

nicosulfuron oat biomass VV = 0.0114

nicosulfuron oilseed rape biomass VV = 0.00208

nicosulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.0235

nicosulfuron pea height VV = 0.0439

nicosulfuron sorghum biomass VV = 0.00613

nicosulfuron soybean biomass VV > 0.055

nicosulfuron sugar beet biomass VV = 0.00764

nicosulfuron tomato biomass VV = 0.00384

nicosulfuron wheat biomass VV = 0.0105

orthosulfamuron carrot biomass SE = 0.097

orthosulfamuron corn biomass SE > 0.135

orthosulfamuron mung bean biomass SE > 0.135

orthosulfamuron oat biomass SE > 0.135

orthosulfamuron oilseed rape biomass SE > 0.135

orthosulfamuron onion height SE > 0.135

orthosulfamuron pea biomass SE = 0.093

orthosulfamuron radish biomass SE = 0.04

orthosulfamuron rice biomass SE = 0.078

orthosulfamuron soybean biomass SE > 0.135

orthosulfamuron carrot biomass VV = 0.00012

orthosulfamuron corn height VV = 0.0057

orthosulfamuron mung bean biomass VV < 0.00169

orthosulfamuron oat biomass VV > 0.115

orthosulfamuron oilseed rape biomass VV > 0.115
Page 158 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

orthosulfamuron onion biomass VV = 0.0048

orthosulfamuron pea height VV < 0.00169

orthosulfamuron radish biomass VV = 0.00022

orthosulfamuron rice biomass VV = 0.032

orthosulfamuron soybean height VV < 0.0017

primisulfuronͲmethyl cabbage biomass SE = 0.00031

primisulfuronͲmethyl carrot biomass SE = 0.000397

primisulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass SE = 0.002837

primisulfuronͲmethyl cucumber height SE = 0.000132

primisulfuronͲmethyl lettuce height SE = 0.000134

primisulfuronͲmethyl oat height SE = 0.004389

primisulfuronͲmethyl onion height SE = 0.000272

primisulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass height SE = 0.000171

primisulfuronͲmethyl soybean height SE = 0.039248

primisulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass SE = 0.000216

primisulfuronͲmethyl cabbage biomass VV = 0.000513

primisulfuronͲmethyl carrot biomass VV = 0.000204

primisulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.029793

primisulfuronͲmethyl cucumber height VV = 0.000127

primisulfuronͲmethyl lettuce height VV = 0.000221

primisulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass VV = 0.00071

primisulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.000576

primisulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass biomass VV = 0.001249

primisulfuronͲmethyl soybean height VV = 0.006298

primisulfuronͲmethyl tomato height VV = 0.000663

prosulfuron cabbage biomass SE = 0.0012

prosulfuron corn biomass SE > 0.0025

prosulfuron cucumber biomass SE = 0.00052

prosulfuron lettuce biomass SE = 0.000071

prosulfuron oat biomass SE > 0.04

prosulfuron onion height SE = 0.00026

prosulfuron radish biomass SE = 0.00037

prosulfuron ryegrass biomass SE > 0.00125

prosulfuron soybean height SE = 0.0016
Page 159 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

prosulfuron tomato biomass SE = 0.0012

prosulfuron cabbage biomass VV = 0.0011

prosulfuron corn biomass VV > 0.04

prosulfuron cucumber biomass VV > 0.025

prosulfuron lettuce biomass VV = 0.0014

prosulfuron oat biomass VV > 0.04

prosulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.00041

prosulfuron radish biomass VV = 0.0011

prosulfuron ryegrass height VV = 0.0012

prosulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.00046

prosulfuron tomato biomass VV = 0.0035

rimsulfuron corn biomass SE = 0.0117

rimsulfuron cucumber biomass SE = 0.00167

rimsulfuron oat biomass SE = 0.00998

rimsulfuron oilseed rape height SE = 0.000858

rimsulfuron onion height SE = 0.00115

rimsulfuron pea biomass SE = 0.00455

rimsulfuron sorghum biomass SE = 0.000164

rimsulfuron soybean height SE = 0.0217

rimsulfuron sugar beet biomass SE = 0.000521

rimsulfuron tomato biomass SE = 0.0232

rimsulfuron corn biomass VV = 0.064

rimsulfuron cucumber biomass VV = 0.0298

rimsulfuron oat biomass VV = 0.00142

rimsulfuron oilseed rape height VV = 0.000274

rimsulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.00214

rimsulfuron pea biomass VV = 0.00306

rimsulfuron sorghum biomass VV = 0.000821

rimsulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.003

rimsulfuron sugar beet biomass VV = 0.00318

rimsulfuron tomato biomass VV > 0.061

sulfometuronͲmethyl corn height SE = 0.00651

sulfometuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass SE = 0.00818

sulfometuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass SE = 0.00013
Page 160 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

sulfometuronͲmethyl onion biomass SE = 0.00023

sulfometuronͲmethyl pea biomass SE = 0.00723

sulfometuronͲmethyl sorghum height SE = 0.00019

sulfometuronͲmethyl soybean height SE = 0.0423

sulfometuronͲmethyl sugar beet height SE = 0.00011

sulfometuronͲmethyl tomato biomass SE = 0.000078

sulfometuronͲmethyl wheat height SE = 0.0003

sulfometuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.000037

sulfometuronͲmethyl cucumber height VV = 0.00024

sulfometuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass VV = 0.000099375

sulfometuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.00071

sulfometuronͲmethyl pea biomass VV = 0.00023625

sulfometuronͲmethyl sorghum biomass VV = 0.000055875

sulfometuronͲmethyl soybean biomass VV = 0.000018

sulfometuronͲmethyl sugar beet biomass VV = 0.000056

sulfometuronͲmethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.00016125

sulfometuronͲmethyl wheat biomass VV = 0.000120625

sulfosulfuron cabbage biomass SE = 0.0021

sulfosulfuron corn height SE = 0.0057

sulfosulfuron cucumber biomass SE > 0.001

sulfosulfuron lettuce height SE = 0.0028

sulfosulfuron oat biomass SE = 0.014

sulfosulfuron onion biomass SE = 0.0011

sulfosulfuron radish height SE = 0.0015

sulfosulfuron ryegrass biomass SE = 0.0038

sulfosulfuron soybean height SE = 0.0046

sulfosulfuron tomato biomass SE = 0.012

sulfosulfuron cabbage biomass VV = 0.0013

sulfosulfuron corn biomass VV = 0.0074

sulfosulfuron cucumber biomass VV = 0.0246

sulfosulfuron lettuce biomass VV = 0.0043

sulfosulfuron oat biomass VV = 0.0054

sulfosulfuron onion biomass VV = 0.0041

sulfosulfuron radish biomass VV = 0.00009
Page 161 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

sulfosulfuron ryegrass biomass VV = 0.0041

sulfosulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.00063

sulfosulfuron tomato height VV = 0.051

thifensulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass SE > 0.00194375

thifensulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass SE > 0.00194375

thifensulfuronͲmethyl oat biomass SE > 0.00194375

thifensulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass SE = 0.000204375

thifensulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass SE = 3.46875EͲ05

thifensulfuronͲmethyl pea biomass SE > 0.00194375

thifensulfuronͲmethyl ryegrass biomass SE = 0.000431875

thifensulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass SE > 0.00194375

thifensulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet biomass SE = 4.15625EͲ05

thifensulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass SE = 0.011

thifensulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.00438125

thifensulfuronͲmethyl cucumber biomass VV = 0.000375625

thifensulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass VV = 3.65625EͲ05

thifensulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.000048875

thifensulfuronͲmethyl pea biomass VV = 0.001825

thifensulfuronͲmethyl sorghum biomass VV = 0.00008625

thifensulfuronͲmethyl soybean biomass VV = 0.0133125

thifensulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet biomass VV = 3.01875EͲ05

thifensulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.00085625

thifensulfuronͲmethyl wheat biomass VV = 0.03375

triasulfuron cabbage height SE = 0.00063

triasulfuron carrot height SE = 0.00062

triasulfuron corn biomass SE = 0.00152

triasulfuron cucumber height SE = 0.00184

triasulfuron lettuce height SE = 0.000085

triasulfuron oat height SE = 0.02364

triasulfuron onion height SE = 0.00017

triasulfuron ryegrass height SE = 0.00093

triasulfuron soybean biomass SE = 0.00054

triasulfuron tomato height SE = 0.00144

triasulfuron cabbage biomass VV = 0.000347
Page 162 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

triasulfuron carrot biomass VV = 0.00025

triasulfuron corn height VV = 0.006128

triasulfuron cucumber biomass VV = 0.00027

triasulfuron lettuce height VV = 0.0000339

triasulfuron oat biomass VV > 0.07

triasulfuron onion height VV = 0.0004415

triasulfuron ryegrass biomass VV = 0.00022389

triasulfuron soybean biomass VV = 0.000429

triasulfuron tomato biomass VV = 0.000272

trifloxysulfuronͲNa carrot height SE = 0.00731

trifloxysulfuronͲNa corn height SE = 0.00740

trifloxysulfuronͲNa cucumber height SE = 0.01249

trifloxysulfuronͲNa lettuce biomass SE = 0.00061

trifloxysulfuronͲNa oat biomass SE = 0.00714

trifloxysulfuronͲNa onion biomass SE = 0.00473

trifloxysulfuronͲNa radish biomass SE = 0.00205

trifloxysulfuronͲNa ryegrass biomass SE = 0.00187

trifloxysulfuronͲNa soybean height SE = 0.01070

trifloxysulfuronͲNa tomato biomass SE = 0.01873

trifloxysulfuronͲNa carrot biomass VV = 0.00043

trifloxysulfuronͲNa corn biomass VV = 0.00571

trifloxysulfuronͲNa cucumber height VV = 0.00205

trifloxysulfuronͲNa lettuce biomass VV = 0.00014

trifloxysulfuronͲNa oat biomass VV = 0.02498

trifloxysulfuronͲNa onion height VV = 0.02319

trifloxysulfuronͲNa radish biomass VV = 0.00001

trifloxysulfuronͲNa ryegrass biomass VV = 0.00562

trifloxysulfuronͲNa soybean height VV = 0.01160

trifloxysulfuronͲNa tomato height VV > 0.04863

triflusulfuronͲmethyl corn height SE > 0.5

triflusulfuronͲmethyl cucumber height SE > 0.5

triflusulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape height SE = 0.152

triflusulfuronͲmethyl onion height SE = 0.263

triflusulfuronͲmethyl pea height SE = 0.395
Page 163 of 318

Chemical name Species Effects

endpoints VV/SE Operand EC25 (lb a.i./A)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl sorghum height SE > 0.125

triflusulfuronͲmethyl soybean height SE > 0.5

triflusulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet height SE > 0.5

triflusulfuronͲmethyl tomato height SE > 0.5

triflusulfuronͲmethyl wheat height SE = 0.391

triflusulfuronͲmethyl corn biomass VV = 0.00054

triflusulfuronͲmethyl cucumber height VV = 0.00088

triflusulfuronͲmethyl oilseed rape biomass VV = 0.000087

triflusulfuronͲmethyl onion biomass VV = 0.004

triflusulfuronͲmethyl pea biomass VV = 0.00063

triflusulfuronͲmethyl sorghum biomass VV = 0.00035

triflusulfuronͲmethyl soybean height VV = 0.00087

triflusulfuronͲmethyl sugar beet height VV > 0.0019

triflusulfuronͲmethyl tomato biomass VV = 0.0011

triflusulfuronͲmethyl wheat biomass VV = 0.0022
Page 164 of 318

Appendix E. Distance to LOC for Vegetative Vigor Endpoints 

The graphs in this section show the distance from the edge of the application to the LOC (1.0; 

where the EEC equals the IC25) for vegetative vigor endpoints. Each species tested is included; 

not all chemicals tested the same species. Several species were tested for only a single chemical. 

Graphs are arranged by species such that three aerial application droplet size spectra are 

presented, followed by a graph for high boom ground application and a graph for low boom 

ground application. The ground applications use the AgDRIFT default droplet spectrum, fine to 

medium/coarse. The equations used are only validated to 1000 feet. 

 
Page 165 of 318

VV Radish

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(height), 1,000

foramsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

imazasulfuron(surv), 11

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 333

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

1,000

prosulfuron(biomass), 163

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

1,000

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_VV

flazasulfuron(height), 1,000

foramsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

imazasulfuron(surv), 7

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 212

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

807

prosulfuron(biomass), 106

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

1,000

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_VV
Page 166 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(height), 1,000

foramsulfuron(biomass),

972

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

imazasulfuron(surv), 0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 105

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

455

prosulfuron(biomass), 35

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

1,000

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_VV
Page 167 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(height), 691

foramsulfuron(biomass),

419

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

imazasulfuron(surv), 1

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 26

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

146

prosulfuron(biomass), 11

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 633

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_VV

flazasulfuron(height), 965

foramsulfuron(biomass),

603

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

imazasulfuron(surv), 1

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 44

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

225

prosulfuron(biomass), 19

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 889

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_VV
Page 168 of 318

VV Buckwheat

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_VV

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_VV
Page 169 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_VV
Page 170 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_VV

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_VV
Page 171 of 318

VV Flax

Ǧȋ	Ȍǣ

Ǧȋ	Ȍǣ

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_VV

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_VV
Page 172 of 318

Ǧȋ	Ȍǣ

 

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_VV
Page 173 of 318

ȋ	Ȍǣ

ȋ	Ȍǣ

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_VV

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_VV
Page 174 of 318

VV Corn

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 711

flazasulfuron(biomass), 783

394 foramsulfuron(biomass), 0

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 54

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 8 mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 158 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 615 orthosulfamuron(height),

55 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ sulfosulfuron(biomass), 61 methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 26

triasulfuron(height), 16

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 18 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 281

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none), 0 chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass),

444 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 487

flazasulfuron(biomass), 250

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0 halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

36 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass),mesosulfuron 5 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 103 metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

385 orthosulfamuron(height), 37 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (biomass), 1,000 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 40 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 18 triasulfuron(height), 11 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass),

12 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 180

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV
Page 175 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none), 0

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass),

248 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 273

flazasulfuron(biomass), 130

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

0 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 33 metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

213 orthosulfamuron(height), 0

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (biomass), 1,000 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 0

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 triasulfuron(height), 0

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

85

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV
Page 176 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none), 0

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass), 67

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 75

flazasulfuron(biomass), 32

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

3

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), mesosulfuron1Ͳ

methyl(biomass), metsulfuron10Ͳmethyl(biomass),

56

orthosulfamuron(height), 3

primisulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

0

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (biomass), 1,000 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 3

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1 triasulfuron(height), 1

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass), 1 triflusulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

21

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none), 0

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass),

107

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 121

flazasulfuron(biomass), 53

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

6

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), mesosulfuron1 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), metsulfuron 19 Ͳmethyl(biomass),

90

orthosulfamuron(height), 6

primisulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

0

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (biomass), Ͳmethyl(biomass), 1,000

1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 6

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 3

triasulfuron(height), 2

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass), 2 triflusulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

36

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_VV
Page 177 of 318

VV Cucumber

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 248 chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

578 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 76 flazasulfuron(biomass),

160 foramsulfuron(height),

halosulfuronͲ 880

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 587

methyl(biomass), 158 metsulfuronͲ

nicosulfuron(biomass), methyl(biomass), 1,000

126 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 1 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (height), 1,000Ͳ

methyl(height), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 11 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 361 triasulfuron(biomass), 492 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), 66

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 175

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 160 chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

363 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 51 flazasulfuron(biomass),

104 foramsulfuron(height),

halosulfuronͲ 545

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 369

methyl(biomass), 103 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 82 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 767 prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height), 790 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 8 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 230 triasulfuron(biomass), 310 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), 44 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 114

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_VV
Page 178 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height),chlorimuron 71 Ͳethyl(height),

199

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 0

flazasulfuron(biomass), 33

foramsulfuron(height),

halosulfuronͲ 307

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 203

methyl(biomass), 33 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 18

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 433

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height), 446 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 0

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 117

triasulfuron(biomass), 167

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), triflusulfuron 0 Ͳ

methyl(height), 40

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_VV
Page 179 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height),

18

chlorimuronͲethyl(height), 51

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 4

flazasulfuron(biomass), 10

foramsulfuron(height), 88

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 52

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 10 metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass),

658

nicosulfuron(biomass), 8

primisulfuronͲmethyl(height),

137

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height), 142 sulfometuronͲmethyl(height),

1,000

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 1 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 28

triasulfuron(biomass), 42

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height), 4 triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height),

12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_VV

BensulfuronͲmethyl, 31

chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

84 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 8

flazasulfuron(biomass), 19 foramsulfuron(height),

138 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronNa(biomass), Ͳ 86

methyl(biomass), 19

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 921 nicosulfuron(biomass), 14primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 211 prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 1 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height), 219 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 1 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 48 triasulfuron(biomass), 69 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), triflusulfuron 7 Ͳ

methyl(height), 21

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_VV
Page 180 of 318

VV Oat

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 23

flazasulfuron(biomass), 246

foramsulfuron(biomass),

152 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 8 mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 175 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 658

nicosulfuron(biomass), 23

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

0 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 250

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 220

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 86

triasulfuron(biomass), 0

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 16

flazasulfuron(biomass), 158

foramsulfuron(biomass), 99

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 5

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 113 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 411

nicosulfuron(biomass), 15

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

0 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 161

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 142

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 57

triasulfuron(biomass), 0

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_VV
Page 181 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 0

flazasulfuron(biomass), 70

foramsulfuron(biomass),

30

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 40

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 228

nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

0

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 72

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 59

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 0

triasulfuron(biomass), 0

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_VV
Page 182 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 1

flazasulfuron(biomass), 18

foramsulfuron(biomass), 10

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), mesosulfuron1 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 12

metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass), 61

nicosulfuron(biomass), 1

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

0 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 18

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 15

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 5

triasulfuron(biomass), 0

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 3

flazasulfuron(biomass), 31

foramsulfuron(biomass), 18

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1 mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 21 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 98

nicosulfuron(biomass), 2

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

0 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 31

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 27

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 9

triasulfuron(biomass), 0

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_VV
Page 183 of 318

VV Oilseed Rape

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

1,000

chlorsulfuron(height),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

158

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

, 0

rimsulfuron(height), 1,000

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 768

chlorimuronͲethyl(height),

1,000

chlorsulfuron(height),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

103

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

, 0

rimsulfuron(height), 636

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 941

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV
Page 184 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

433 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(height)

, 1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 568

nicosulfuron(biomass),

33

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 0

rimsulfuron(height),

359

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass), 942 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

thifensulfuron 1,000 Ͳ

methyl(biomass),

triflusulfuronͲ 1,000

methyl(biomass),

528

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV
Page 185 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 137 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height), 1,000 chlorsulfuron(height),

1,000 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 198 nicosulfuron(biomass)

, 10

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

0

rimsulfuron(height),

107 sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass), 401 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

thifensulfuronͲ 1,000

methyl(biomass), 440 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 179

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 211 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height), 1,000 chlorsulfuron(height),

1,000 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 298

nicosulfuron(biomass),

19

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 0 rimsulfuron(height),

167 sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass), 578 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

thifensulfuronͲ 1,000

methyl(biomass), 631 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 271

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_VV
Page 186 of 318

VV Onion

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000 chlorsulfuron(biomass),

flazasulfuron(biomass), 394 1,000

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 587 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 1,000

methyl(biomass), 122 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 5 orthosulfamuron(biomass),

66 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 305 prosulfuron(biomass), 421

rimsulfuron(biomass), 147 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 471 sulfometuronͲ

sulfosulfuron(biomass), methyl(biomass), 1,000

114 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 triasulfuron(height), 309 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

0 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 34

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 1,000

1,000 flazasulfuron(biomass), 250

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 369 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 1,000

methyl(biomass), 80 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 3 orthosulfamuron(biomass),

44 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 195 prosulfuron(biomass), 267

rimsulfuron(biomass), 96sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 298 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 75 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 triasulfuron(height), 198 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

0 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 23 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_VV
Page 187 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none), 0 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 1,000

flazasulfuron(biomass), 1,000

130

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 203

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 1,000

methyl(biomass), 16 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

, 0

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 94

prosulfuron(biomass), 140

rimsulfuron(biomass), 28

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 159 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 747

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 13

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 790

triasulfuron(height), 96

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), triflusulfuron0 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_VV
Page 188 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 1,000

1,000 flazasulfuron(biomass), 32

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 52 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 840

methyl(biomass), 8 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 875 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0 orthosulfamuron(biomass),

primisulfuron 4 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 23 prosulfuron(biomass), 34

rimsulfuron(biomass), 9 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 40 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 289 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 7 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 313 triasulfuron(height), 23 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

triflusulfuron0 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0 chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 1,000

1,000 flazasulfuron(biomass), 53

foramsulfuron(biomass), 0 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 86 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 1,000

methyl(biomass), 14 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 1 orthosulfamuron(biomass),

primisulfuron 7 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 40 prosulfuron(biomass), 58

rimsulfuron(biomass), 17 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 66 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 425 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 13 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 458 triasulfuron(height), 40 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

triflusulfuron 0 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_VV
Page 189 of 318

VV Pea

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 829

nicosulfuron(height), 0

orthosulfamuron(height),

194

rimsulfuron(biomass), 102

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 75

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 243

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 515

nicosulfuron(height), 0

orthosulfamuron(height),

126

rimsulfuron(biomass), 67

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 801

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 50

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 156

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_VV
Page 190 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 289

nicosulfuron(height), 0

orthosulfamuron(height),

48

rimsulfuron(biomass), 7

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 452

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 69

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_VV
Page 191 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 545

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 81

nicosulfuron(height), 0

orthosulfamuron(height),

13

rimsulfuron(biomass), 6

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 145

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 4

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 17

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_VV

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none),

0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 772

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 129

nicosulfuron(height), 0

orthosulfamuron(height),

23

rimsulfuron(biomass), 11

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 223

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 8

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 30

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_VV
Page 192 of 318

VV Ryegrass

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none), 0 flazasulfuron(biomass),

531 foramsulfuron(biomass)

, 152 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 117 imazasulfuron(height),

0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1,000 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 340 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 144 prosulfuron(height),

150 sulfosulfuron(biomass),

114 triasulfuron(biomass),

586 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 18

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none), 0 flazasulfuron(biomass),

334 foramsulfuron(biomass)

, 99 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 77 imazasulfuron(height),

0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 850 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 217 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 94

prosulfuron(height), 97

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

75 triasulfuron(biomass),

368 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_VV
Page 193 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none), 0

flazasulfuron(biomass),

182

foramsulfuron(biomass

), 30

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 14

imazasulfuron(height),

0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 479

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 108

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 26

prosulfuron(height), 29

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

13

triasulfuron(biomass),

202

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_VV
Page 194 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none), 0 flazasulfuron(biomass),

46 foramsulfuron(biomass),

10 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 7

imazasulfuron(height), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 157 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 26 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 9

prosulfuron(height), 10

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

7 triasulfuron(biomass),

52 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 1

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none), 0

flazasulfuron(biomass),

76

foramsulfuron(biomass),

18

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 13

imazasulfuron(height), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 239

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 45

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 17

prosulfuron(height), 17

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

13

triasulfuron(biomass),

85

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_VV
Page 195 of 318

VV Soybean

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

chlorimuronͲ methyl(biomass), 1,000

ethyl(biomass), 99 chlorsulfuron(biomass),

flazasulfuron(biomass), 1,000

717 foramsulfuron(height), 118 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 580 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(height), 657

methyl(biomass), 444 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0 orthosulfamuron(height),

primisulfuronͲ 193

methyl(height), 22 prosulfuron(biomass), 378

rimsulfuron(biomass), 104 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

thifensulfuronͲ 691

methyl(biomass), 1 triasulfuron(biomass), 318 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

3 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 177

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_VV

bensulfuronͲ

chlorimuronͲ methyl(biomass), 1,000

ethyl(biomass), 65 chlorsulfuron(biomass),

flazasulfuron(biomass), 1,000

447 foramsulfuron(height), 77 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 364 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲNa(height), 411

methyl(biomass), 281 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0 orthosulfamuron(height),

primisulfuronͲ 125

methyl(height), 15 prosulfuron(biomass), 240

rimsulfuron(biomass), 68 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

thifensulfuronͲ 431

methyl(biomass), 0 triasulfuron(biomass), 203 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

2 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 115

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_VV
Page 196 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

chlorimuronͲ methyl(biomass), 626

ethyl(biomass), 6 chlorsulfuron(biomass),

flazasulfuron(biomass), 1,000

250

foramsulfuron(height), 14

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 200

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height), Ͳ 228

methyl(biomass), 149 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

orthosulfamuron(height),

primisulfuronͲ 48

methyl(height), 0

prosulfuron(biomass), 123

rimsulfuron(biomass), 8

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), sulfometuron 1,000Ͳ

sulfosulfuron(biomass), methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ 240

methyl(biomass), 0

triasulfuron(biomass), 100

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), triflusulfuron 0 Ͳ

methyl(height), 41

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_VV
Page 197 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass), methyl(biomass), 226

6 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 714

flazasulfuron(biomass), 67

foramsulfuron(height), 7 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 52 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height),Ͳ 60

methyl(biomass), 37 metsulfuronͲmethyl(height),

566 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

orthosulfamuron(height), 13 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1 prosulfuron(biomass), 30

rimsulfuron(biomass), 6 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 64 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 triasulfuron(biomass), 24 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

triflusulfuron 0 Ͳ

methyl(height), 12

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_VV

bensulfuronͲ

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass), methyl(biomass), 338

11 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 995

flazasulfuron(biomass), 108

foramsulfuron(height), 13 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 84 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height), Ͳ 98

methyl(biomass), 61 metsulfuronͲmethyl(height),

800 nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

orthosulfamuron(height), 23 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 2 prosulfuron(biomass), 51

rimsulfuron(biomass), 12

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(biomass), 104 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1 triasulfuron(biomass), 41 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

1 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 21

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_VV
Page 198 of 318

VV Sugar Beet

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 6

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass), 39

rimsulfuron(biomass), 98

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 80

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 4

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass), 26

rimsulfuron(biomass), 65

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 53

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_VV
Page 199 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 1,000

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 5

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_VV
Page 200 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 0

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 511

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

2

rimsulfuron(biomass), 6

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 786

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 551

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 1

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 726

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

4

rimsulfuron(biomass),

11

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 780

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 9

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_VV
Page 201 of 318

VV Tomato

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), chlorimuron1,000 Ͳ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 1,000

foramsulfuron(biomass), 1,000

halosulfuronͲ 152

methyl(biomass), 0 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 1,000

methyl(biomass), 391 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 85primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 267 prosulfuron(biomass), 48

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(height), 0

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 163 triasulfuron(biomass), 489 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

0 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 141

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height),chlorimuron 781 Ͳ

ethyl(biomass), chlorsulfuron(biomass), 887

1,000 foramsulfuron(biomass), 99 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 940

methyl(biomass), 248 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 56 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 171 prosulfuron(biomass), 32

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

sulfosulfuron(height), 0 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 106 triasulfuron(biomass), 308 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

0triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 92

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_VV
Page 202 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 440

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 499

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

641 foramsulfuron(biomass),

30 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass), 528 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 129 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass), 0

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 79

prosulfuron(biomass), 0

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 628 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

sulfosulfuron(height), 0

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 35

triasulfuron(biomass), 166

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height), 0 triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 25

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_VV
Page 203 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), chlorimuron140Ͳ

ethyl(biomass), 166 chlorsulfuron(biomass), 233

foramsulfuron(biomass), 10 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0 imazasulfuron(biomass), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 179

methyl(biomass), 31 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 986 nicosulfuron(biomass), 5 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 20 prosulfuron(biomass), 3

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0 sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 227 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(height), 0 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 11 triasulfuron(biomass), 42 trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

triflusulfuron 0 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 9

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_VV

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(height), chlorimuron 215Ͳ

ethyl(biomass), 252

chlorsulfuron(biomass), 348

foramsulfuron(biomass), 18

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(biomass), 271

methyl(biomass), 53 metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 nicosulfuron(biomass), 9

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 34

prosulfuron(biomass), 5

rimsulfuron(biomass), 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 339 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000 sulfosulfuron(height), 0

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 19

triasulfuron(biomass), 69

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height),

triflusulfuron 0 Ͳ

methyl(biomass), 16

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_VV
Page 204 of 318

VV Sorghum

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 642

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

1,000

nicosulfuron(biomass),

50

rimsulfuron(biomass),

371

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 424

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_VV

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 402

chlorsulfuron(biomass),

919

nicosulfuron(biomass),

34

rimsulfuron(biomass),

236

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 866

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 269

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_VV
Page 205 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 223

chlorsulfuron(biomass

), 517

nicosulfuron(biomass)

, 0

rimsulfuron(biomass),

120

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 487

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 141

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_VV
Page 206 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 59

chlorsulfuron(biomass

), 174

nicosulfuron(biomass),

3

rimsulfuron(biomass),

29

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R

) (biomass), 788

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 161

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 35

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_VV

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 95

chlorsulfuron(biomass

), 264

nicosulfuron(biomass),

5

rimsulfuron(biomass),

50

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 245

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 58

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_VV
Page 207 of 318

VV Wheat

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 352

imazasulfuron(biomass),

0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

nicosulfuron(biomass),

25

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 68

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_VV

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 224

imazasulfuron(biomass),

0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

nicosulfuron(biomass),

17

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass), 1,000

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 45

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_VV
Page 208 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 113

imazasulfuron(biomas

s), 0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

nicosulfuron(biomass)

, 0

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass), 802

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_VV
Page 209 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 28

imazasulfuron(biomas

s), 0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

nicosulfuron(biomass)

, 1

sulfometuronͲmethyl (

R ) (biomass), 319

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_VV

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass), 47

imazasulfuron(biomas

s), 0

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

nicosulfuron(biomass)

, 3

sulfometuronͲmethyl (

R ) (biomass), 467 sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000 thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 0

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 7

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_VV
Page 210 of 318

VV Cabbage

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 571

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 369

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 341

prosulfuron(biomass),

163

sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 350

triasulfuron(biomass),

389

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_VV

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 359 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass),

1,000 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 235

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 217

prosulfuron(biomass),

106

sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 223

triasulfuron(biomass),

247

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_VV
Page 211 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 197

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 731

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 1,000

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 120

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 109

prosulfuron(biomass),

35

sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 112

triasulfuron(biomass),

128

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_VV
Page 212 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 51

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 281

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 602

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 29

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 26

prosulfuron(biomass),

11

sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 27

triasulfuron(biomass),

31

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_VV

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 83

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 414

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 847

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 49

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 45

prosulfuron(biomass),

19

sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 47

triasulfuron(biomass),

53

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_VV
Page 213 of 318

VV Carrot

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass),

1,000

foramsulfuron(biomas

s), 329

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

1,000

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 807

triasulfuron(biomass),

529

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 319

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_VV

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 807

foramsulfuron(biomas

s), 210

orthosulfamuron(biomass),

1,000

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 502

triasulfuron(biomass),

333

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 203

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_VV
Page 214 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomas

s), 455

foramsulfuron(bioma

ss), 104

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 764

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 282

triasulfuron(biomass)

, 181

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_VV
Page 215 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 146

foramsulfuron(bioma

ss), 25

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 298

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 78

triasulfuron(biomass),

46

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 24

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_VV

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 225

foramsulfuron(bioma

ss), 43

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 438

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 125

triasulfuron(biomass),

76

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 42

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_VV
Page 216 of 318

VV Lettuce

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass)

, 229 foramsulfuron(biomas

s), 21 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 610 imazasulfuron(biomas

s), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1,000 mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 317 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 750 prosulfuron(biomass),

128 sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 109 triasulfuron(height),

1,000 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 891

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_VV

flazasulfuron(biomass)

, 148 foramsulfuron(biomas

s), 14 halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 382 imazasulfuron(biomas

s), 0 iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1,000 mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 202 primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 467 prosulfuron(biomass),

84 sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 71 triasulfuron(height),

1,000 trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 552

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_VV
Page 217 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass

), 63

foramsulfuron(biomas

s), 0

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 211

imazasulfuron(biomas

s), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1,000

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 99

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 261

prosulfuron(biomass),

19

sulfosulfuron(biomass

), 10

triasulfuron(height),

1,000

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 311

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_VV
Page 218 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass),

16

foramsulfuron(biomass),

1

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 55

imazasulfuron(biomass),

0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1,000

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 24

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 71

prosulfuron(biomass), 8

sulfosulfuron(biomass),

7

triasulfuron(height), 481

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 89

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_VV

flazasulfuron(biomass), 28

foramsulfuron(biomass), 2

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 90

imazasulfuron(biomass), 0

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height), 1,000

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass), 41

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height), 114

prosulfuron(biomass), 15

sulfosulfuron(biomass), 12

triasulfuron(height), 686

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass), 140

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_VV
Page 219 of 318

VV Turnip

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 476

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_VV

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 300

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_VV
Page 220 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 161

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_VV
Page 221 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 40

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_VV_distance

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass), 67

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_VV_distance
Page 222 of 318

VV Mung bean

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 194

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_VV

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 126

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_VV
Page 223 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 48

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_VV
Page 224 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 13

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_VV

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass), 23

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_VV
Page 225 of 318

VV Rice

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_VV

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_VV
Page 226 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_VV
Page 227 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_VV

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_VV
Page 228 of 318

Appendix F. Distance to LOC Seedling Emergence Graphs 

The graphs in this section show the distance from the edge of the application to the LOC (1.0; 

where the EEC equals the IC25) for seedling emergence endpoints. Each species tested is 

included; not all chemicals tested the same species. Several species were tested with only a 

single chemical. Graphs are arranged by species such that three aerial application droplet siz 

spectra are presented, followed by a graph for high boom ground application and a graph for low 

boom ground application. The ground applications use the AgDRIFT default droplet spectrum, 

fine to medium/coarse. The equations used are only validated to 1000 feet. 

SE Radish

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_SE
Page 229 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_SE
Page 230 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_SE
Page 231 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_SE

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ radish_SE
Page 232 of 318

SE Buckwheat

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_SE

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_SE
Page 233 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_SE
Page 234 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_SE

imazasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ buckwheat_SE
Page 235 of 318

SE Flax

Ǧȋ	Ȍǣ

Ǧȋ	Ȍǣ

 

imazasulfuron(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_SE

imazasulfuron(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_SE
Page 236 of 318

Ǧȋ	Ȍǣ

 

imazasulfuron(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_SE
Page 237 of 318

ȋ	Ȍǣ

ȋ	Ȍǣ

imazasulfuron(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_SE

imazasulfuron(bioma

ss)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ flax_SE
Page 238 of 318

SE Corn

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none )

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none )

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_SE
Page 239 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none )

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_SE
Page 240 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none )

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none )

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ corn_SE
Page 241 of 318

SE Cucumber

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height) triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height) chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height) Ͳ

methyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 methyl(height)

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_SE
Page 242 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height) chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

prosulfuron(biomass) methyl(height)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_SE
Page 243 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height) chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (biomass)Ͳ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height) triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorsulfuron(biomass) chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)metsulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cucumber_SE
Page 244 of 318

SE Oat

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass) Ͳ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa(biomass) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_SE
Page 245 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_SE
Page 246 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass) Ͳ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oat_SE
Page 247 of 318

SE OilSeed Rape

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_SE
Page 248 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_SE
Page 249 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ oilseed rape_SE
Page 250 of 318

SE Onion

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(height)

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 methyl(height)

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲNa(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_SE
Page 251 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height) Ͳ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height) nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(height)primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲ triasulfuron(height)

Na(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_SE
Page 252 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height) Ͳ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 methyl(height)

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(height)

chlorimuronͲethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height) Ͳ

methyl(height) metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(height)

orthosulfamuron(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 methyl(height)

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ onion_SE
Page 253 of 318

SE Pea

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(none)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(none)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_SE
Page 254 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(none)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(none)

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_SE
Page 255 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(none)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(none)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ pea_SE
Page 256 of 318

SE Ryegrass

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_SE
Page 257 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_SE
Page 258 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ ryegrass_SE
Page 259 of 318

SE Soybean

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

BensulfuronͲmethyl

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(height)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass) Ͳ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (height) Ͳ

methyl(height) sulfosulfuron(height) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_SE

BensulfuronͲmethyl

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(height)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass) Ͳ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height) nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (height)Ͳ

methyl(height) sulfosulfuron(height) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_SE
Page 260 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

BensulfuronͲmethyl chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(height)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass) Ͳ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_SE
Page 261 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(height)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(biomass) Ͳ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height) prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

sulfometuron (height) Ͳ

methyl(height) sulfosulfuron(height) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(height)

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass) mesosulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

metsulfuronͲmethyl(height)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

orthosulfamuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲmethyl(height)

prosulfuron(height)

rimsulfuron(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height) sulfometuronͲmethyl(height)

sulfosulfuron(height)

thifensulfuronͲmethyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(biomass)

trifloxysulfuronͲNa(height)

triflusulfuronͲmethyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ soybean_SE
Page 262 of 318

SE Sugar Beet

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_SE

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_SE
Page 263 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_SE
Page 264 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_SE

bensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(height)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sugar beet_SE
Page 265 of 318

SE Tomato

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(height)

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

triflusulfuron Na(biomass)Ͳ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass) halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(height)

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

triflusulfuron Na(biomass)Ͳ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_SE
Page 266 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuron Na(height) Ͳ

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass)

thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass) triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_SE
Page 267 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(height)

methyl(biomass)metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

triflusulfuron Na(biomass)Ͳ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_SE

bensulfuronͲmethyl(none)

chlorimuronͲethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲmethyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass) iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

mesosulfuronͲ Na(height)

methyl(biomass) metsulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) nicosulfuron(biomass) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) prosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass) sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(biomass) sulfometuronͲ

methyl(biomass) sulfosulfuron(biomass) thifensulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass) triasulfuron(height) trifloxysulfuronͲ

triflusulfuron Na(biomass)Ͳ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ tomato_SE
Page 268 of 318

SE Sorghum

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_SE

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R )

(height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_SE
Page 269 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomas

s)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_SE
Page 270 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl ( R

) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_SE

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

chlorsulfuron(biomass)

nicosulfuron(biomass)

rimsulfuron(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ sorghum_SE
Page 271 of 318

SE Wheat

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_SE

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_SE
Page 272 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_SE
Page 273 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_SE

chlorimuronͲ

ethyl(biomass)

imazasulfuron(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

sulfometuronͲmethyl

( R ) (height)

sulfometuronͲ

methyl(height)

triflusulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ wheat_SE
Page 274 of 318

SE Cabbage

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass

)

triasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_SE

flazasulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass

)

triasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_SE
Page 275 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomas

s)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomas

s)

triasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_SE
Page 276 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass

)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass

)

triasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_SE

flazasulfuron(biomass

)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(biomass

)

triasulfuron(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ cabbage_SE
Page 277 of 318

SE Carrot

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass

)

foramsulfuron(bioma

ss)

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_SE

flazasulfuron(biomass

)

foramsulfuron(bioma

ss)

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_SE
Page 278 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass

)

foramsulfuron(bioma

ss)

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_SE
Page 279 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomas

s)

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_SE

flazasulfuron(biomass)

foramsulfuron(biomas

s)

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(biomass)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(height)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ carrot_SE
Page 280 of 318

SE Lettuce

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_SE

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_SE
Page 281 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_SE
Page 282 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height)

mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_SE

flazasulfuron(none)

foramsulfuron(biomass)

halosulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

imazasulfuron(biomass)

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(height) mesosulfuronͲ

methyl(height) primisulfuronͲ

methyl(height)

prosulfuron(biomass)

sulfosulfuron(height)

triasulfuron(height)

trifloxysulfuronͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ lettuce_SE
Page 283 of 318

SE Turnip

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_SE

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_SE
Page 284 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_SE
Page 285 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_SE

iodosulfuronͲmethylͲ

Na(biomass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ turnip_SE
Page 286 of 318

SE Mung bean

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_SE

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_SE
Page 287 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_SE
Page 288 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_SE

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ mung bean_SE
Page 289 of 318

SE Rice

ǦȋȌǣ

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_SE

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_SE
Page 290 of 318

ǦȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_SE_distance fr
Page 291 of 318

ȋȌǣ

ȋȌǣ

 

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_SE

orthosulfamuron(bio

mass)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

distance from EOF (ft)

Tox ArrayͲ rice_SE
Page 292 of 318

Appendix G. Audrey III Equation Documentation 

The PRZM time series output file (‘ZTS) contains the storm related inputs used in Audrey 

III. As it is currently formatted, a daily value is put out for each parameter in cumulative 

mode. That is, output is a cumulative running total for that variable. The parameters of 

interest for calculating the runoff depth where the units are cm for each event: 

௜ܨܴܷܰ ൌ௜ ܦ .a

௜ܺܮܨܴ ൌ௜ ܯܴ .b

௜ܺܮܨܧ ൌ௜ ܧܴ .c

d. ܹ௜ ൌ ܴܲܥܲ௜

where D is the depth of runoff for the event in centimeters, equivalent to the RUNF in the 

PRZM zts file, RMi is the mass of pesticide for runoff on day I in kg·ha-1, and is the RFLX 

in the PRZM zts file, RE is the mass of pesticide on eroded sediment on day, in kg·ha-1, 

and is the EFLX variable in the zts file, and Wi is the depth of precipitation in cm on day 

i, and is the PRCP in the PRZM output. RUNF, RFLX, EFLX, and PRCP are PRZM output 

parameters in the time series output file. 

GEOMETRY OF THE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE ZONE 

2) The area of the plant exposure zone (PEZ) is determined by the length of the side of the 

field and width of the zone where overland flow is maintained. For example for a square 

10 ha field, the length of the side of field, LPEZ: 

a. ܮ௉ா௓ ൌ ටͳͲ݄ܽ ቀଵ଴଴଴଴௠మ

௛௔ ቁ ൌ ξͳͲͲͲͲͲ݉ଶ ൌ ͵ͳ͸Ǥʹ݉

3) Overland flow can be maintained for 50 to 300 feet before a concentrated flow regime set 

in. Once concentrated flow moves the water relatively rapidly through rill or gulleys, it 

presents little opportunity for exposure for terrestrial plants. For the purposes of this 

example, we will assume 50 feet = 15.2 m Therefore, the area of the Plant Exposure Zone 

(PEZ) in square meters is equivalent to the zone at the edge of the field where overland 

flow is maintained: 

a. ܣ௉ா௓ ൌ ܮ௉ா௓ݔܹ௉ா௓ ൌ ͵ͳ͸Ǥʹ݉ݔͳͷǤʹ݉ ൌ Ͷ ͅͳͻ݉ଶ

b. 

4) For the purpose of this assessment, the VWPEZ will partition into three portions, one part 

continues to runoff past the edge of the PEZ as concentrated flow and enters stream, pond 

or other water body, the second part infiltrates beyond the bottom of the Plant Exposure 

Volume in the PEZ, and the third part is retained in the PEV. This third part is the portion 

that results in exposure to terrestrial plants. The total volume of the PEV is the area of the 

PEV times the depth of soil in the PEV, DPEV. Since the majority of water taken up by 

plants is from the top 6 inches of soil, the DPEV is assumed to be 6 in § 15 cm=0.15m. 

a. ܸ௉ா௓ ൌ ܣ௉ா௓ܦݔ௉ா௏ ൌ Ͷ ͅͳͻ݉ଶݔͲǤͳͷ݉ ൌ ͹ʹʹǤ ݉ͅଷ

HYDROLOGY 
Page 293 of 318

1) To get the total mass of pesticide and water coming onto the PEZ, we need to account for 

the areas of the treated field (for the volume of runoff water, mass of pesticide in runoff 

and pmass of pesticide on eroded sediment: 

 ௗ௙௜௘௟ܣ כ ௜ܦ ൌ௜ ܴ .a

b. ܲ௜ ൌ ܹ௜ כ ܣ௉ா௓

where 

 Ri = runoff flow from treated field (PRZM time series file) (m3

) 

 Pi = precipitation onto PEZ (PRZM time series file) (m3

) 

2) The total volume in the PEZ can also be expressed as : 

a. ܸ௉ா௓ ൌ ܸ௦௢௜௟ ൅ ܸ௪௔௧௘௥

b. ߠ ൌ ௏ೢೌ೟೐ೝ

௏ುಶೋ

 

c. ܸ௪௔௧௘௥ ൌ ߠܸ௉ா௓

3) The flow balance in the PEZ is: 

a. ܴ௜ ൅ ܲ௜ ൌ ܫ ൅ ௜ܳ ൅ ௜ߠ௜ܸ௉ா௓

where 

 

 Ii = leaching from PEZ below the root extraction zone (m3

) 

 Qi = runoff flow from PEZ (m3) 

și = volumetric water content of soil (m3

/m3) 

 VPEZ = volume of PEZ (m3) 

As water will always be in the PEZ, ș should always be at or above THEWP, or 

the wilting point (m3

/m3). ș should always be at or below THEFC, or the field 

capacity (m3

/m3). When runoff and precipitation enter the mixing cell, the amount 

of water entering (R+P) plus the amount present from the previous day is 

compared to the THEFC. If it is greater, than ș is set to THEFC and the remainder 

is evaluated for runoff from the PEZ (Q) and leaching from the PEZ (I). If R and P 

are 0, and the amount from the previous day is greater than the wilting point, ș is 

set to THEWP and the water leaves the PEZ as leachate (I). 

If Ĭ is set to THEFC and additional water is available for runoff, Q is calculated 

using the following algorithm 

 

4) To get the volume of each runoff event in liters Ri, multiply the storm depth by the area of 

the field (10 hectares) and convert the units: 

a. ܴ௜ ൌ ቀ஽೔௖௠

ଵ ቁ ቀ ଵ௠ଵ଴଴௖௠ቁ ቀଵ଴௛௔ଵ ቁ ቀଵ଴଴଴଴௠మ

௛௔ ቁ ቀଵ଴଴଴௅

ଵ௠య ቁ ൌ ͳͲ଺ܦ௜
Page 294 of 318

5) The total volume of water in liters for each rainfall event that enters the PEZ in the volume 

of runoff from the field plus the precipitation that falls directly on the PEZ. This volume 

is: 

a. ܸܲሺ௜ሻ ൌܲ௜ ቀ ଵ௠

ଵ଴଴௖௠ቁ ܣ௉ா௓

The water capacity of the PEV, WCPEV, is the available water capacity of the soil multiplied 

volume of the PEV. The available water capacity of the soil is the difference between field 

capacity and the wilting point water capacity of the soil. These two parameters are PRZM 

inputs THEFC2

 and THEWP, respectively. The available water capacity varies from soil 

to soil, but can be calculated for each scenario by looking up THEFC and THEWP in the 

PRZM input file. Units for THEFC and THEWP and Vwater/Vsoil. 

ܹܲܧܪܶ െ ܥܨܧܪܶ ൌ ܥܹܣ .b

6) For the Kansas sorghum scenario used in this example has a Dennis silt loam soil where 

THEFC = 0.247 and THEWP = 0.097, the WCPEZ is: 

a. ܹܥ௉ா௓ ൌ ܸ௉ா௓ܣݔܹܥ ൌ ͹ʹʹǤ ݉ͅଷݔሺͲǤʹͶ͹ െ ͲǤͲͻ͹ሻ ൌ ͳͲ ͅǤͳ݉ଷ 

7) For each rainfall event, a portion of the runoff will infiltrate into the soil in the PEZ. The 

amount that infiltrates is dependent on the curve number, the curve number associated with 

each scenario can be associated with the Hydrologic Group of the soil, which are a labeled 

A through D. The Dennis silt loam soil is Hydrologic Group C and the curve number used 

for during the cropping season is 86. Note that the equation was developed with depth in 

inches, so TDi must be converted for the calculation. The curve number equation is: 

a. ܳ ൌ ʹǤͷͶ ቀ

೅ವ೔

మǤఱరି଴Ǥଶௌቁమ

ቀ

೅ವ೔

మǤఱరା଴Ǥ଼ௌቁ , where 

b. ܵ ൌ ଵ଴଴଴

஼ே

െ ͳͲ

c. Where Q is the runoff depth from the PEZ. Note that if the depth in inches is less than 

0.2S, than the numerator in equation 10a is negative. This implies that all the water is 

absorbed on the PEZ and nothing runs off. Q is set to zero when this occurs. 

d. If the term in parentheses in the numerator in 10a is a negative number, it means that 

the runoff event is less than the capacity of the soil to absorb it and the runoff of the 

PEZ will be zero, so 

e. ݂݅ ቀ்஽೔

ଶǤହସ ൐ ͲǤʹܵቁ ݐ݄݁݊ܳ ൌ ʹǤͷͶ ቀ

೅ವ೔

మǤఱరି଴Ǥଶௌቁమ

ቀ

೅ವ೔

మǤఱరା଴Ǥ଼ௌቁ ǡ ݈݁ݏ݁ܳ ൌ Ͳ

f. I is then calculated by I = R + P - Q - ȣVp 

PESTICIDE LOADINGS to the PEZ 

 

2

 THEFC stands for theta at field capacity, THEWP stands for theta at the wilting point. Theta (lj) is the symbol 

used for volumetric soil water content by soil scientists. 
Page 295 of 318

Pesticides can be loaded onto the PEZ from three sources, spray drift, dissolved in runoff coming 

from the adjacent treated field, and adsorbed onto eroded sediment coming from the adjacent 

treated field. Spray drift deposition curves for 9 different application methods were estimated using 

AgDrift version 2.1.1. Those 9 methods are in Table 1. 

Table 1. Spray drift application methods simulated in Audrey III 

Method Use 

aerial, very fine to fine spray ultralow volume applications (ULV) 

aerial, fine to medium spray default aerial spray 

aerial, medium to coarse spray mitigation, spray quality restricted on label 

aerial, coarse to very coarse 

spray 

mitigation, spray quality restricted on label 

air blast, normal orchard most orchards and vineyard applications 

air blast, sparse orchard dormant sprays, young/non-bearing orchards, tall orchards 

(pecans) 

ground spray – high boom default ground spray 

ground spray – low boom pre- emergent sprays, mitigation practice 

Spray deposition can be calculated in three ways, the application rate is assumed for deposition on 

the PEZ at the field edge. The point deposition at the far edge of the PEZ can be interpolated from 

the appropriate deposition curve, depending on the application type. The mean deposition across 

the PEZ is calculated by numerically integrating the deposition curve across the PEZ width using 

the trapezoidal rule. 

8) The mass of pesticide in runoff for the whole PEZ is mass of pesticide in runoff in kg·ha-1

from the treated field, RMi, e(quation 1b) times the area of the treated field, AFIELD. The 

area of the treated field is a PRZM input variable, and is usually set to the default value of 

10 ha. 

ܦܮܧܫܨܣ ൈ௜ ܯܴ ൌ௜ ܯܲ .a

9) The mass of pesticide on eroded sediment for the whole PEZ is mass of pesticide on 

sediment in kg·ha-1 from the treated field, REi, (equation 1c) times the area of the treated 

field, A. The area of the treated field is a PRZM input variable, and is usually set to the 

default value of 10 ha. 

ܦܮܧܫܨܣ ൈ௜ ܧܴ ൌ௜ ܯܧ .a

Plant Exposure in the PEZ 

The toxicity endpoints in the PEZ are in units of mass per unit area, kg·ha-1, or lb·acre-1, so the 

exposure estimates need to be in the same units. In order to estimate the plant EECs, we need to 

account for the degradation of the pesticide already in the PEZ, add mass from spray drift, erosion, 

and runoff loadings, and subtract the mass of pesticide lost with runout of the PEZ and leaching 

below the PEZ. 

10) The mass entering the PEZ during storm events: 

a. Mf = Mrunoff + Merosion (PRZM time series file) 

b. Mt = Mf + Mspray drift = Mp + Me + Mo (kg) 

c. Where: 

 Mf is the mass carried onto the PEZ with storm runoff 
Page 296 of 318

Mrunoff is mass of pesticide dissolved in runoff form the treated field 

Merosion is the mass of pesticide adsorbed to sediment in the runoff 

Mspray drift is the mass of pesticide which drifts onto the PEZ from the treated field 

Mp is the mass of pesticide in the PEZ at the start of a time step 

Me is the mass of pesticide which is removed from the PEZ through leaching, and 

Mo is the mass of pesticide removed in runoff out of the PEZ 

In Audrey III these masses are all in kilograms 

Assume that new mass MT enters as an instantaneous pulse at time zero (i.e., at the beginning of 

each time step). Using equations 6.1, 6.2, 6.8, 6.9, and 6.16 from PRZM manual and rearranging 

and combining yields (similar to equation 6.20 in PRZM manual) the following mass balance 

description: 

11) ௗሺ஼ೢሺఏା௄೏ఘೞሻሻ

ௗ௧ ൌ ெ೅ǡబఋሺ௧ሻ

஺ο௭ െ ቀூାொ

஺ο௭ ൅ ݇ܭௗߩ௦ ൅ ݇ߠቁ ܥ௪

a. Where 

 Cw = dissolved concentration in the PEZ (kg/m3) 

 Kd = sorption coefficient (m3

/kg) 

ɏs = soil bulk density (kg/m3) 

 A = area of PEZ (m2) 

ȟz = depth of PEZ (m) 

 k = aerobic soil metabolism rate constant (d-1) 

12) Assuming ȣ + Kdɏs over the course of a day is constant, 

a. ௗሺ஼ೢሻ

ௗ௧ ൅ ቀ ூାொ

ሺఏା௄೏ఘೞሻ஺ο௭ ൅ ݇ቁ ܥ௪ ൌ ெ೅ǡబఋሺ௧ሻ

ሺఏା௄೏ఘೞሻ஺ο௭

13) The solution of which is: 

a. ܥ௪ ൌ ெ೅ǡబ

ሺఏା௄೏ఘೞሻ஺ο௭

݁

ି൬ ಺శೂ

൫ഇశ಼೏ഐೞ൯ಲο೥ା௞൰௧

14) The quantity ሺߠ൅ܭௗߩ௦ሻܣοݖ is assumed not to change during a time step. Thus we can 

define the mass (MT) in the PEZ at any point during the time step as: 

a. ܯ் ൌ ܯ்ǡ଴݁

ି൬ ಺శೂ

൫ഇశ಼೏ഐೞ൯ಲο೥ା௞൰௧

15) And in general: 

a. ܥ௪ ൌ ெ೅

ሺఏା௄೏ఘೞሻ஺ο௭

16) Now define: 

a. ܭଵ ൌ ூାொ

ሺఏା௄೏ఘೞሻ஺ο௭ ൅ ݇ (units = d-1) 

17) so that: 

a. ܯ் ൌ ܯ்ǡ଴݁ି௄భ௧ 

18) For example at the end of a time step of unit duration: 

a. ܯ்ǡଵ ൌ ܯ்ǡ଴݁ି௄భ

19) The average mass of pesticide in the PEZ during the course of a time step can be 

calculated by integration: 

a. ܯ෩் ൌ ׬ ெ೅ǡబ௘ష಼భ೟ ೟మ

೟భ ௗ௧

௧మି௧భ
Page 297 of 318

b. ൌ ቂ ଵ

௧భି௧మ

ெ೅ǡబ

௄భ

݁ି௄భ௧మቃെቂ ଵ

௧భି௧మ

ெ೅ǡబ

௄భ

݁ି௄భ௧భቃ

20) Define t1 = 0, then: 

a. ܯ෩் ൌ ቂ ଵ

ି௧మ

ெ೅ǡబ

௄భ

݁ି௄భ௧మቃെቂ ଵ

ି௧మ

ெ೅ǡబ

௄భ

ቃ

b. ܯ் ൌ ቂெ೅ǡబ

௄భ௧మ

ቃ ሺͳെ݁ି௄భ௧మሻ

21) Finally, defining t2=1, we have: 

a. ܯ෩் ൌ ெ೅ǡబ

௄భ

ሺͳെ݁ି௄భሻ

22) The total mass lost from the PEZ during one time step is calculated similarly: 

a. ܯ்ǡ଴ െ ܯ்ǡଵ ൌ ܯ்ǡ଴ െ ܯ்ǡ଴݁ି௄భ ൌ ܯ்ǡ଴ሺͳെ݁ି௄భሻ

23) The plant exposure EEC in units on each day is then: 

a. ܥܧܧ ௜ൌ ெெ೅

஺ುಶೋ

Once daily EECs are calculated, the peak EEC in each year simulated is identified. The values 

are sorted from greatest to least and value at the 90 percentile, the 1-10 year return frequency, is 

selected for the point estimate of exposure. 

 
Page 298 of 318

Appendix H. Spray drift regression curves using IORE. 

The first order decay model is : 

1) ௗ஼

ௗ௧

ൌ െ݇ܥ

in differential form, and 

௧௞݁ି଴ܥൌܥ (2

in integrated form, where C is the concentration, k is rate constant with units of reciprocal time, 

and CO is initial concentration when t = 0. This equation commonly describes the degradation of 

chemicals when the rate is proportional to the concentration of the compound degrading. 

Empirically it is also useful to describe any process which rate of decrease is proportional to the 

concentration. Spray drift deposition roughly but not exactly follows this type of decrease with 

distance from the edge of field, i.e. 

௟௞݁ି଴ܥൌܥ (3

In this case, the concentration is the areal concentration in kg·ha-1 and l is the distance from the 

edge of the field and k is in units of reciprocal distance, l-1, rather than reciprocal time. A related 

model with somewhat more flexibility which thus fits better to many data sets which are not 

exactly first-order in behavior is the indeterminate order model. 

4) ௗ஼

ௗ௟

ൌ െ݇ܥ௡

Where the order of the model n, is a variable parameter, and can be used to adjust the curvature 

of the line to more precisely fit decline curves. This is the same equation as IORE 

(Indeterminate Order Rate Equation) currently used by EFED for estimating degradation rate 

kinetics for soil and aquatic metabolism studies. To integrate this differential equation, it first 

must rearranged to separate the variables across the equal sign: 

5) ௗ஼

஼೙ ൌ െ݈݇݀

஼ௗ ׬ (6

஼೙ ൌ െ݇ ׬ ݈݀

7) ஼భష೙

ଵି௡

ൌ ܭ െ ݈݇

Where K is constant of integration. When l = 0: 

8) ஼బ

భష೙

ଵି௡

ൌܭെ݇ൈͲ

9) ஼బ

భష೙

ଵି௡

ܭ ൌ

Where C0 is the concentration at l = 0. Substituting this into equation 7, we get: 

10) ஼భష೙

ଵି௡

ൌ 

஼బ

భష೙

ଵି௡

െ ݈݇

We can solve this explicitly for C to get integrated form of the indeterminate order rate equation 

for decrease with distance. 

଴ܥൌ௡ ିଵܥ (11

ଵି௡ െ ሺͳ െ ݊ሻ݈݇

12) ሺͳെ݊ሻሺܥሻ ൌ ሺܥ଴

ଵି௡ െ ሺͳ െ ݊ሻ݈݇ሻ

13) ሺܥሻ ൌ  ୪୬൫஼బ

భష೙ିሺଵି௡ሻ௞௟൯

ሺଵି௡ሻ
Page 299 of 318

଴ܥሾ ൌ ܥ (14

ଵି௡ െ ݈݇ሺͳ െ ݊ሻሿ భ

ሺభష೙ሻ

This can be fit to deposition-versus-distance spray drift curves using, C0, k, and n as fitted 

parameters. It is also sometimes useful to know the distance from the edge of the field at which a 

certain concentration occurs; we can solve equation 11 for l to get: 

15) ݈ ൌ ஼బ

భష೙ି஼భష೙

௞ሺଵି௡ሻ

To calculate the mean spray drift deposition across a buffer, you need to integrate the deposition 

across the buffer width and divide by the width: 

బ஼ൣ ׬ ҧൌܥ (16

భష೙ି௞௟ሺଵି௡ሻ൧

భ

ሺభష೙ሻௗ௟

೗೑

೗బ

௟೑ି௟బ

We can make this problem simpler by making some substitutions: 

17)ݖ ൌ ͳ െ ݊ǡݑ ൌ  ܥ଴

ଵି௡ െ ݈݇ݖ

We can also differentiate u as function of l to get: 

18) ௗ௨

ௗ௟

ൌ  െ݇ݖ

We can then solve for dl to get: 

19) ݈݀ ൌ  െ ௗ௨

௞௭

Substituting equations 17 and 19 into 16 we get: 

20) ܥҧൌ ቀ

షభ

ೖ೥ቁ ׬ ௨

భ

೥ௗ௨ ೠ೑

ೠబ

௟೑ି௟బ

Solving the integral expression we get: 

ҧൌܥ(21

ቀଵାభ

೥

ቁቀషభ

ೖ೥ቁቈ௨೑

ቀభశభ

೥ቁ

ି௨బ

ቀభశభ

೥ቁ

቉

௟೑ି௟బ

We can the back substitute expressions for uf and u0: 

ҧൌܥ(22

ቀଵାభ

೥

ቁቀషభ

ೖ೥ቁቈ஼బ

భష೙ି௞௟೑௭ቀభశభ

೥ቁ

ି஼బ

భష೙ା௞௟బ௭ቀభశభ

೥ቁ

቉

௟೑ି௟బ

This can be rearranged and simplified to 

ҧൌܥ

ቀ

ͳ൅ݖ

݇ݖଶ ቁ ቈ݇ݖ݈଴

ቀଵାଵ

௭ቁ െ ൫݇ݖ݈௙൯

ቀଵାଵ

௭ቁ

቉

݈଴ െ ݈௙

 
Page 300 of 318

The linear equilibrium partition equation for partitioning a chemical between a mass of soil and a 

volume of water is: 

A1) ୢ ൌ େ౩౥౟ౢ

େ౗౧

ൌ

ౣ౩౥౟ౢ

౉౩౥౟ౢ

ౣ౗౧

౒

Where Kd is the soil-water partition coefficient, Csoil is the concentration of the chemical on soil, 

Caq is the concentration of the chemical in water, msoil is the mass of the pesticide on the soil, maq

is the mass of the pesticide in solution, Msoil is the mass of the soil, and V is the volume of water. 

Kd, Msoil, and V are known constant values, whereas, msoil and maq can vary. 

However, in the case where the total mass of pesticide mT is known: 

A2) ்݉ ൌ ݉௦௢௜௟ ൅ ݉௔௤

that is, the total mass is equal to the mass on soil plus the mass in solution. 

If we solve equation 2 for msoil and substitute into equation A1: 

A3) ୢ ൌ େ౩౥౟ౢ

େ౗౧

ൌ

ౣ౐షౣ౗౧

౉౩౥౟ౢ

ౣ౗౧

౒

We can then rearrange, and solve for maq, 

ୢୟ୯

 ൌ ୘ െ ୟ୯ୱ୭୧୪

ୢୟ୯

 ൌ ୘ୱ୭୧୪

െ ୟ୯

ୱ୭୧୪

ୢୟ୯

 ൅

ୟ୯

ୱ୭୧୪

ൌ ୘

ୱ୭୧୪

ୢୱ୭୧୪ୟ୯

ୱ୭୧୪

൅

ୟ୯

ୱ୭୧୪

ൌ ୘

ୱ୭୧୪

ሺୢୱ୭୧୪ ൅ ሻୟ୯

ୱ୭୧୪

ൌ ୘

ୱ୭୧୪

A4) ୟ୯ ൌ ୫౐୚

ሺ୏ౚ୑౩౥౟ౢା୚ሻ

maq 

 
Page 301 of 318

Appendix I. Maximum Single Application Rates for Labeled Uses of SU Herbicides. 

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Chlorsulfuron 0.062 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Halosulfuron 0.14 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Metsulfuron 0.0375 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Triasulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND /

CONSERVATION RESERVE trifloxysulfuron 0.007 ground

Agricultural farm premisis Sulfometuron 0.25 ground

AGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Chlorsulfuron 0.125 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Sulfometuron 0.375 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED AREAS Chlorsulfuron 0.125 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED AREAS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED AREAS Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED AREAS Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

Agricultural uncultivated areas Sulfometuron 0.375 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL/FARM PREMISES Chlorsulfuron 0.125 Ground or air

AGRICULTURAL/FARM PREMISES Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

AGRICULTURAL/FARM PREMISES Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Chlorsulfuron 0.14 ground

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air
Page 302 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Nicosulfuron 0.053 ground or air

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Sulfometuron 0.375 ground or air

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

ALFALFA Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

ALFALFA Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

ALMOND Halosulfuron 0.063 Ground

ALMOND trifloxysulfuron 0.1875 ground

Almonds Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various

APPLE Halosulfuron 0.094 Ground

Apples Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Apricots Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

ARRACACIA (PERSIAN CARROT) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

ARROWROOT Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

ARTICHOKE, CHINESE Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

ARTICHOKE, JERUSALEM Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

ASPARAGUS Halosulfuron 0.0703 Ground

BARLEY Chlorsulfuron 0.0156 Ground or air

BARLEY Metsulfuron 0.0078 ground or air

Barley Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air

BARLEY thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

BARLEY Triasulfuron 0.026 Ground or air

BARLEY Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

BEANSͲDRIEDͲTYPE Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

BEANSͲSUCCULENT (SNAP) Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

BEANS, DRIEDͲTYPE Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

BEANS, SUCCULENT (LIMA) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

BEANS, SUCCULENT (SNAP) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

BEECH NUT Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Beech Nut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Beets Triflusulfuron 0.016 Ground or air

BERMUDAGRASS Metsulfuron 0.024 ground or air

BERMUDAGRASS Nicosulfuron 0.066 ground or air

BERMUDAGRASS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

Black spruce Sulfometuron 0.1875 Ground or air

BLACK SPRUCE (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.05 ground or air

Blue spruce Sulfometuron 0.04875 ground

BLUEBERRY Tribenuron 0.0313 Ground or air

Bluegrass primisulfuron 0.036 ground or air
Page 303 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

BRAZIL NUT Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Brazil Nut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

BUSHBERRIES Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Butter nut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

BUTTERNUT Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

CABBAGE Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Calamondin Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Canola/Rapse seed Ethametsulfuron 0.019 ground

CANOLA\RAPE thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

CANOLA\RAPE Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

CARROT (INCLUDING TOPS) Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

CASHEW Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Cashew Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

CEREAL GRAINS Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

CHAYOTE Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Cherry Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

CHESTNUT Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Chestnut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Chicory Triflusulfuron 0.016 Ground or air

CHINQUAPIN Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Chinquapin Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

CHRISTMAS TREE PLANTATIONS Sulfometuron 0.0975 Ground or air

CHUFA (GROUND ALMOND) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Citron Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

CITRUS trifloxysulfuron 0.1875 ground

Citrus hybrids Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

CLOVER Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Commercial lawns Rimsulfuron 0.031 Ground

Commercial premises and equipment Rimsulfuron 0.063 Ground

COMMERCIAL STORAGES/WAREHOUSES

PREMISES Chlorsulfuron 0.141 ground

COMMERCIAL STORAGES/WAREHOUSES

PREMISES Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

COMMERCIAL STORAGES/WAREHOUSES

PREMISES Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL LAWNS Chlorsulfuron 0.141 Ground or air

Commercial/Industrial lawns Flazasulfuron 0.093 ground

Commercial/Industrial lawns Foramsulfuron 0.052 ground

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL LAWNS Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

Commercial/Industrial lawns iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground
Page 304 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL LAWNS Metsulfuron 0.087 ground or air

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL LAWNS Sulfometuron 0.1875 Ground or air

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL LAWNS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL LAWNS trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL/INDUSTRIAL

PREMISES/EQUIPMENT (OUTDOOR) Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL/INDUSTRIAL

PREMISES/EQUIPMENT (OUTDOOR) Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL/INDUSTRIAL

PREMISES/EQUIPMENT (OUTDOOR) Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

CONIFER RELEASE Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

CONIFER RELEASE Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

Corn Chlorimuron 0.063 Ground or air

Corn Foramsulfuron 0.038 Ground or air

Corn Halosulfuron 0.09375 Ground or air

Corn Iodosulfuron 0.0019 ground

corn primisulfuron 0.036 Ground or air

Corn Prosulfuron 0.036 Ground or air

Corn Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

Corn thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

Corn Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

CORN (SILAGE) Halosulfuron 0.031 Ground or air

CORN (SILAGE) Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

CORN, FIELD Halosulfuron 0.09375 Ground or air

CORN, FIELD Nicosulfuron 0.066 ground or air

CORN, FIELD thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

CORN, FIELD Tribenuron 0.0313 Ground or air

CORN, POP Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground or air

CORN, POP Nicosulfuron 0.066 ground or air

CORN, POP Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

CORN, SWEET Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground or air

CORN, SWEET Nicosulfuron 0.066 ground or air

CORN, SWEET Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

COTTON (UNSPECIFIED) Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

COTTON (UNSPECIFIED) Iodosulfuron 0.0019 ground

COTTON (UNSPECIFIED) rimsulfuron 0.016 Ground or air

COTTON (UNSPECIFIED) thifensulfuron 0.025 Ground or air

COTTON (UNSPECIFIED) Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

COTTON (UNSPECIFIED) trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

Crabapple Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground
Page 305 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

Crambe Ethametsulfuron 0.019 ground

cropland rimsulfuron 0.031 sprayer

CUCUMBER Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

CUCUMBER Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

CUCURBIT VEGETABLES Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

DOUGLASͲFIR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Metsulfuron 0.077 ground or air

DOUGLASͲFIR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.1998 Ground or air

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

drainage systems Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

EASTERN WHITE PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.0703 Ground or air

EGGPLANT Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Endive Triflusulfuron 0.016 Ground or air

Filbert Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

FILBERT (HAZELNUT) Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

FIR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.0975 Ground or air

FLAX thifensulfuron 0.0094 Ground or air

FLAX Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

FOREST PLANTINGS (REFORESTATION

PROGRAMS)(TREE FARMS, TREE

PLANTATIONS, ETC.) Sulfometuron 0.23 ground

FOREST TREE MANAGEMENT/FOREST PEST

MANAGEMENT Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

FOREST TREE MANAGEMENT/FOREST PEST

MANAGEMENT Sulfometuron 0.198 Ground or air

FOREST TREES (ALL OR UNSPECIFIED) Sulfometuron 0.28 Ground or air

FOREST TREES (ALL OR UNSPECIFIED) Sulfosulfuron 0.0623 ground

FOREST TREES (HARDWOODS, BROADLEAF

TREES) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

FOREST TREES (HARDWOODS, BROADLEAF

TREES) Sulfometuron 0.23 Ground or air

FOREST TREES (HARDWOODS, BROADLEAF

TREES) Sulfosulfuron 0.0623 ground

FRASER FIR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.0975 Ground or air

FRUITING VEGETABLES Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

GINGER Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Golf course turf Flazasulfuron 0.093 ground

Golf course turf Foramsulfuron 0.052 ground

GOLF COURSE TURF Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

Golf course turf iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground
Page 306 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

GOLF COURSE TURF Metsulfuron 0.0375 ground or air

Golf course turf Rimsulfuron 0.031 sprayer

GOLF COURSE TURF Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

GOLF COURSE TURF trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

GOURDS Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Grains, cereal iodosulfuron 0.0019 ground

Grains, small Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air

GRAND FIR (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

GRAND FIR (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.1875 Ground or air

Grapefruit Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

grapes Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Grapes (added for flazasulfuron because of

BEAD input) Flazasulfuron 0.045 

GRASS FORAGE/FODDER/HAY Metsulfuron 0.0094 ground or air

GRASS FORAGE/FODDER/HAY Nicosulfuron 0.035 ground or air

GRASS FORAGE/FODDER/HAY Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

GRASSES GROWN FOR SEED Chlorsulfuron 0.0117 Ground or air

GRASSES GROWN FOR SEED Halosulfuron 0.065 Ground

HEMLOCK (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.1875 Ground or air

HICKORY NUT Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Hickory nut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC DWELLINGS

OUTDOOR PREMISES Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC DWELLINGS

OUTDOOR PREMISES Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

HYBRID COTTONWOOD/POPLAR

PLANTATIONS Sulfometuron 0.105 Ground or air

INDUSTRIAL / CONSTRUCTION AREAS

(OUTDOOR) Chlorsulfuron 0.14 ground

INDUSTRIAL / CONSTRUCTION AREAS

(OUTDOOR) Halosulfuron 0.136 Ground

INDUSTRIAL / CONSTRUCTION AREAS

(OUTDOOR) Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

INDUSTRIAL / CONSTRUCTION AREAS

(OUTDOOR) Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

INDUSTRIAL / CONSTRUCTION AREAS

(OUTDOOR) Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

INDUSTRIAL / CONSTRUCTION AREAS

(OUTDOOR) Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

Industrial/construction areas Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

INTERMITTENTLY FLOODED AREAS/WATER Chlorsulfuron 0.14 ground
Page 307 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

INTERMITTENTLY FLOODED AREAS/WATER Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

INTERMITTENTLY FLOODED AREAS/WATER Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

INTERMITTENTLY FLOODED AREAS/WATER Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

JACK PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

Kumquat Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Lemon Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

LENTILS Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

LEREN Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Lime Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

LOBLOLLY PINE (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

LOBLOLLY PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

LODGEPOLE PINE (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.1875 Ground or air

LONGLEAF PINE (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.038 ground or air

LONGLEAF PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

Loquat Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Macadamia nut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

MACADAMIA NUT (BUSHNUT) Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

MANIOC (CASSAVA) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Mayhaw Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

MELONSͲWATER Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

MELONS, CANTALOUPE Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

MELONS, HONEYDEW Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

MELONS, WATER Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

MELONS, WINTER

(CASABA/CRENSHAW/HONEYDEW/PERSIAN) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Millit Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air

MUSTARD Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Nectarine Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

NOBLE FIR (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.13 Ground or air

nonͲAg rights of ways Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

Nonag Uncultivated areas/soils Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Chlorsulfuron 0.14 Ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Halosulfuron 0.136 Ground

NONAGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air
Page 308 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

NONAGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL RIGHTSͲOFͲ

WAY/FENCEROWS/HEDGEROWS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED

AREAS/SOILS Chlorsulfuron 0.14 ground

NONAGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED

AREAS/SOILS Halosulfuron 0.136 Ground

NONAGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED

AREAS/SOILS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED

AREAS/SOILS Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

NONAGRICULTURAL UNCULTIVATED

AREAS/SOILS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

OATS Chlorsulfuron 0.023 Ground or air

Oats Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air

OATS thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

OATS Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

OKRA Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

ONION Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Orange Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

ORNAMENTAL AND/OR SHADE TREES Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

ORNAMENTAL AND/OR SHADE TREES Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

ORNAMENTAL GRASSES Metsulfuron 0.00375 ground or air

ORNAMENTAL GRASSES Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

ORNAMENTAL GROUND COVER Halosulfuron 0.065 Ground

ORNAMENTAL GROUND COVER Sulfosulfuron 0.059 ground

ORNAMENTAL HERBACEOUS PLANTS Halosulfuron 0.065 Ground

ORNAMENTAL HERBACEOUS PLANTS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

Ornamental Lawns (Cool Season) Sulfosulfuron 0.035 ground

Ornamental Lawns (Warm Season) Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

ORNAMENTAL LAWNS AND TURF Chlorsulfuron 0.122 ground

Ornamental lawns and turf Flazasulfuron 0.093 ground

Ornamental lawns and turf Foramsulfuron 0.052 ground

Ornamental lawns and turf Foramsulfuron 0.052 ground

ORNAMENTAL LAWNS AND TURF Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

Ornamental lawns and turf iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground

ORNAMENTAL LAWNS AND TURF Metsulfuron 0.039 ground or air

ORNAMENTAL LAWNS AND TURF Sulfometuron 0.21 Ground or air

ORNAMENTAL LAWNS AND TURF Sulfosulfuron 0.063 ground

ORNAMENTAL NONFLOWERING PLANTS Halosulfuron 0.065 Ground
Page 309 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

ORNAMENTAL NONFLOWERING PLANTS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) Chlorsulfuron 0.122 ground

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) Flazasulfuron 0.093 ground

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) Halosulfuron 0.065 Ground or air

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) Metsulfuron 0.0375 ground or air

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) Rimsulfuron 0.031 sprayer

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

ORNAMENTAL SOD FARM (TURF) trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

ORNAMENTAL WOODY SHRUBS AND VINES Halosulfuron 0.065 Ground

ORNAMENTAL WOODY SHRUBS AND VINES Sulfosulfuron 0.059 ground

PASTURES Chlorsulfuron 0.062 Ground or air

PASTURES Metsulfuron 0.059 ground or air

PASTURES Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

PASTURES Triasulfuron 0.0275 Ground or air

PASTURES Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

PATHS/PATIOS Metsulfuron 0.091 ground or air

Paved areas Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

PAVED AREAS (PRIVATE ROADS/SIDEWALKS) Chlorsulfuron 0.125 ground

PAVED AREAS (PRIVATE ROADS/SIDEWALKS) Sulfometuron 0.25 ground

PAVED AREAS (PRIVATE ROADS/SIDEWALKS) Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

Peach Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Peanunts Chlorimuron 0.0078 Ground or air

PEANUTS (UNSPECIFIED) Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Pear Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

PEAS (UNSPECIFIED) Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

PEAS, SUCCULENT Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

PECAN Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Pecan Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

PEPPER Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

PEPPER (CHILI TYPE) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

PISTACHIO Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

Pistachio Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Plum Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

PONDEROSA PINE (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

PONDEROSA PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.198 Ground or air

POPLAR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

Potato Rimsulfuron 0.023 Ground or air

POTATO, WHITE/IRISH Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

POTATO, WHITE/IRISH Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air
Page 310 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

Private roads Chlorimuron 0.0313 ground

Prune Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Pummelo Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

PUMPKIN Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

PUMPKIN Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Quince Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

RANGELAND Chlorsulfuron 0.062 Ground or air

RANGELAND Metsulfuron 0.059 ground or air

Rangeland Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

RANGELAND Sulfometuron 0.0703 Ground or air

RANGELAND Sulfosulfuron 0.0623 ground or air

RANGELAND Triasulfuron 0.0275 Ground or air

Recreational area lawns Flazasulfuron 0.093 ground

Recreational area lawns Foramsulfuron 0.052 ground

Recreational area lawns iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground

Recreational area lawns Metsulfuron 0.0375 ground or air

Recreational area lawns Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

RECREATIONAL AREAS Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

RECREATIONAL AREAS Metsulfuron 0.091 ground or air

Recreational Areas Rimsulfuron 0.031 sprayer

RECREATIONAL AREAS trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

RED PINE (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

RED PINE (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.094 Ground or air

REDCEDAR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

REDCEDAR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.14 Ground or air

REDWOOD (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.1875 Ground or air

REFUSE/SOLID WASTE SITES (OUTDOOR) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

REFUSE/SOLID WASTE SITES (OUTDOOR) Sulfometuron 0.28 Ground or air

RESIDENTIAL LAWNS Halosulfuron 0.068 Ground

Residential lawns iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground

RESIDENTIAL LAWNS Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground

RESIDENTIAL LAWNS trifloxysulfuron 0.036 ground

RHUBARB Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Rice Bensulfuron 0.063 Ground or air

RICE Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground or air

Rice Orthosulfamuron 0.066 Ground or air

RICE thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

RICE Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

Rights of ways Chlorimuron 0.0313 ground

ROOT AND TUBER VEGETABLES Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground
Page 311 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

Rye Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air

SAFFLOWER (UNSPECIFIED) thifensulfuron 0.01875 Ground or air

SCOTCH PINE (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.049 Ground or air

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AREAS Chlorsulfuron 0.14 ground

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AREAS Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AREAS Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AREAS Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

SHORTLEAF PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.094 Ground or air

SITKA SPRUCE (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

SITKA SPRUCE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.19 Ground or air

SLASH PINE (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

SLASH PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

SORGHUM Halosulfuron 0.032 Ground or air

sorghum Iodosulfuron 0.0019 ground

sorghum Prosulfuron 0.036 Ground or air

Sorghum Rimsulfuron 0.016 Ground or air

SORGHUM thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

SORGHUM Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

SORGHUM (UNSPECIFIED) Nicosulfuron 0.047 ground or air

SORGHUM (UNSPECIFIED) Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Soybeans Chlorimuron 0.08 Ground or air

Soybeans Iodosulfuron 0.0019 ground

Soybeans Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

SOYBEANS (UNSPECIFIED) Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground or air

SOYBEANS (UNSPECIFIED) thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

SOYBEANS (UNSPECIFIED) Tribenuron 0.0313 Ground or air

SQUASH (ALL OR UNSPECIFIED) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

SQUASH (SUMMER) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

SQUASH (WINTER) (HUBBARD) Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

SUGAR BEET thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

SUGAR BEET Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

Sugar beet Triflusulfuron 0.031 Ground or air

SUGARCANE Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground or air

SUGARCANE Metsulfuron 0.125 ground or air

SUGARCANE trifloxysulfuron 0.028 ground

SUNFLOWER Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

SWAMPS/MARSHES/WETLANDS/STAGNANT

WATER Chlorsulfuron 0.14 ground

SWAMPS/MARSHES/WETLANDS/STAGNANT

WATER Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air
Page 312 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

SWAMPS/MARSHES/WETLANDS/STAGNANT

WATER Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

SWAMPS/MARSHES/WETLANDS/STAGNANT

WATER Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

Sweage disposal areas Rimsulfuron 0.0625 Ground or air

SWEET POTATO Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

SWEET POTATO Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

Tangelo Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

Tangerines Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

TARO Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

TOBACCO Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

TOMATO Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

Tomato Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

TOMATO Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

TOMATO trifloxysulfuron 0.0094 ground

TRITICALE Chlorsulfuron 0.016 Ground or air

Triticale Iodosulfuron 0.0026 ground

Triticale mesosulfuron 0.013 Ground or air

TRITICALE Metsulfuron 0.00375 ground or air

Triticale Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air

TRITICALE thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

TRITICALE Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

TURMERIC Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

uncultivated Chlorimuron 0.0313 ground

UTILITY POLES / RIGHTͲOFͲWAY Chlorsulfuron 0.122 ground

UTILITY POLES / RIGHTͲOFͲWAY Metsulfuron 0.15 ground or air

UTILITY POLES / RIGHTͲOFͲWAY Nicosulfuron 0.07 ground or air

UTILITY POLES / RIGHTͲOFͲWAY Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

UTILITY POLES / RIGHTͲOFͲWAY Sulfosulfuron 0.094 ground or air

VIRGINIA PINE (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.375 Ground or air

Walnut Rimsulfuron 0.0625 various ground

WALNUT (ENGLISH/BLACK) Halosulfuron 0.062 Ground

WESTERN HEMLOCK (FOREST) Metsulfuron 0.075 ground or air

WESTERN HEMLOCK (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.198 Ground or air

WESTERN LARCH (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.19 Ground or air

WHEAT Chlorsulfuron 0.023 Ground or air

Wheat Iodosulfuron 0.0089 ground

Wheat mesosulfuron 0.013 Ground or air

WHEAT Metsulfuron 0.0078 ground or air

Wheat Prosulfuron 0.018 Ground or air
Page 313 of 318

Crop Chemical Maximum Single

Application Rate Method

WHEAT Sulfosulfuron 0.0316 ground or air

WHEAT thifensulfuron 0.028 Ground or air

WHEAT Triasulfuron 0.026 Ground or air

WHEAT Tribenuron 0.0156 Ground or air

WHITE FIR (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.19 Ground or air

WHITE PINES (FOREST) Sulfometuron 0.19 Ground or air

WHITE SPRUCE (FOREST/SHELTERBELT) Sulfometuron 0.14 Ground or air

YAM Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

YAM Tribenuron 0.014 Ground or air

YAM BEAN Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground

YAUTIA Halosulfuron 0.047 Ground
Page 314 of 318

Appendix J. Analysis of Non-Plant Toxicity Data 
Freshwater organisms Estuarine/marine organisms 

Acute 

tebrate EC50

(ppm) 

Chronic 

Invertebrate 

NOAEC (ppm) 

(endpoint 

affected) 

Acute Fish 

LC50 (ppm) 

Chronic Fish 

NOAEC (ppm) 

(endpoint affected) 

Acute 

Invertebrate EC50

(ppm) 

Chronic 

Invertebrate 

NOAEC (ppm) 

(endpoint 

affected) 

Acute Fish LC50

(ppm) 

Chronic Fish 

NOAEC 

(ppm) 

Endpoint 

affected 

hnia magna Daphnia magna Bluegill or Rainbow trout Rainbow trout or Fathead minnow Eastern oyster or mysid Mysid Sheepshead minnow Sheepshead minnow 

>71 

17 

(growth and 

reproduction) 

>63 1.5 (not indicated) >130 NA >123 NA

>10 0.106 (growth) >10 8.2 (not indicated) NA NA NA NA

>370 20 (reproduction) >300 32 (growth) >89 NA >980 NA>106 

6.39 

(survival and 

young/adult) 

115.2 17 (larval survival) 107 NA >140 NA

>102.5 100 (none) >100 10.5 (none) 118 NA >93.6 NA

>107 0.98 (not indicated) >118 34 (none) 94 NA >125 NA

 NA NA

>86.9 

9.1 

(decrease # 

young per female 

and dry weight) 

>88.1 10.2 (none) >100 NA >100 NA

>90.2 1.7 (dry weight) >91.5 >29.6 (not indicated) >111 NA >105 NA

>150 NA >150 4.5 (weight) NA NA NA NA

>1000 43 (not indicated) >1000 NA NA NA NA NA

>97.3 6.5 (growth) >122 6.1 (growth) >97 27 (not indicated) >123 NA
Page 316 of 318

Primisulfuronmethyl >100 0.41 (not indicated) 210 11 (none) 16 NA >100 NA

Prosulfuron >120 

140 

(Growth, 

survival and 

reproduction) 

>155 

149 

(growth, survival 

and hatchling) 

>150 NA >155 NA

Rimsulfuron >390 NA >390 NA >110 NA >110 NA

Sulfometuronmethyl >150 97 (not listed) >148 NA >38.2 NA >45 NA

Sulfosulfuron >94.6 102 (none) >93.6 100 (none) >106 NA >101 NA

Thifensulfuronmethyl >100 NA >100 NA NA NA NA NA

Triasulfuron >100 105 (not indicated) >100 68.6 (not indicated) 21.5 NA >100 NA

Tribenuronmethyl 720 114 (none) >100 11.8 (none) >135 1.51 (survival) >132 NA

TrifloxysulfuronNa >108 

0.549 

(# of offspring 

and reproductive 

day) 

>103 9.52 (none) 60.1 NA >103 NA

Triflusulfuronmethyl NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Page 317 of 318

 Avian Mammalian Terrestrial Invertebrates 

Acute Oral LD50

(ppm) 

Acute Dietary LC50

(ppm) 

Chronic NOAEC 

(ppm) 

(endpoint affected) 

Acute Oral LD50

(ppm) 

Chronic NOAEC 

(ppm) 

(endpoint affected) 

*indicates value 

represents NOAEL 

Acute Contact LD50

(ppm) 

Northern bobwhite, 

mallard or zebra 

finch 

Northern bobwhite 

or mallard 

Northern bobwhite 

or mallard Rat Rat or rabbit Honeybee 

Bensulfuron-methyl >2150 >5620 NA >5000 750 (adult bodyweight) >12.5 

Chlorimuron-ethyl >2510 >5620 180 >5000 

250 17* 

(reproduction) 

12.5 

Chlorsulfuron >5000 >5000 174 (reproduction) >5000 

100* 

(growth and 

decreased 

bodyweight) 

>25 

Flazasulfuron >2000 >5589 

484 

(hatchling survival 

and adult male 

bodyweight) 

5000 473 (none) >100 

Foramsulfuron >2000 >4438 1000 (none) >5000 15000 (none) >1.9 

Halosulfuron-methyl >2210 >5620 1010 (not indicated) 3170 50* (not indicated) 98.2 

Imazosulfuron 

Iodosulfuron-methylNa >1744 >4360 372 (Adult male weight gain) 2448 500* (pup mortality) >81 (Acute oral LC50) 

Mesosulfuron-methyl >2000 >4750 >990 (not indicated) >5000 1175* (reproduction) >13 

Metsulfuron-methyl >2150 >5620 

209 

(hatchling survival 

and hatchling 

weight) 

>5000 500 (adult bodyweight) >25 

Nicosulfuron >2126 >5311 NA >5000 5000 >20 

Orthosulfamuron >1960 NA 1280 (HDT) >5000 100 (growth) >100 
Page 318 of 318

Primisulfuron-methyl >2150 >5000 500 (none) >5050 1000 (pup weight) >100 

Prosulfuron 1094 >5000 28 (reproduction) 546 50 (growth) >100 

Rimsulfuron >2000 >5620 1250 (none) >5000 165* (not indicated) >100 

Sulfometuron-methyl >4650 >4600 NA >5000 300* (not indicated) >100 

Sulfosulfuron >2250 >5620 

245 

(14-day 

bodyweight) 

>5000 

5000 312* 

(bodyweight) 

>25 

Thifensulfuronmethyl >2510 >5+20 250 (number eggs and hatchlings) >5000 2500 180* (none) >12.5 

Triasulfuron >2150 >5000 1000 HDT >5000 1000 (reduced bodyweight) >100 

Tribenuron-methyl >2250 >5620 30 (14-day survival) >5000 5000 312* (bodyweight) >100 

Trifloxysulfuron-Na >2250 >5800 

106 

(number of 

hatchlings alive at 3 

week egg set) 

>3750 

1000* 

(decreased weight 

gain) 

>25 

Triflusulfuronmethyl >2250 >5620 250 (not indicated) >5000 1500* (not indicated) >25