Professional Paper No, 23 Series H, Forestry, 8 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 

/ 

FOREST CONDITIONS 

IN THE 

BLACK MESA FOREST RESERVE, ARIZONA 

PREPARED BY 

F. G. PLUMMER 

FROM NOTES BY 

THEODORE F. RIXON AND ARTHUR DOD'WElLL 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1904 

CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Letter of transmittal • .• . • • . • . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 9 

Boundaries . _ .... _ ........................ _ ............... _ ....... _ ......... _ ...... _ . _ . . . . 11 

Topographic features ........................... _ ............... _ ........ _ ....... _ ....... _. 12 

Drainage . __ .. ~ ... __ ... _ .. _ ....... _ .. _ .. _. __ ...... __ ...... _._ ....... _ ... _ ..... _ ..... __ ..•.. 12 

Water supply ____ --·--·-· ..... ----··-·_· ___ ·------···. ___ .... __ ._ ........ ----·-----··...... 13 

Agriculture .............. :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 13 

Grazing .................................................. -., ........ _ ..... _ ....... _. . . . . • . 13 

Lumbering .... --------····--·----·-----·-----·--.-·---·--·----·--·--·---··-··---······----. 14 

. Mining .. _ ............... _ .... _ .. _ .. _ ............ __ ....... _ .. _ .............. _ ....... _ ... _.. 15 

List of trees and stand of timber. . _. ___ . _. _ .. _ ... _ . _ ... _ ..... __ ..... _ . ___ . _. __ . ___ . _ . ___ . _ 15 

Timber zones ............ _ . _ .. _ .. _ .. _ . _ .·. ___ ..... ____ .. _. ___ ...... : __ . _ ..... __ ...... ___ ... 16 

Description of trees ... : ............... _ ....... _ ................ _ . _ ..... __ ..... _ ... _ . _ .. _ . . 16 

Rate of growth .. _ ....... ___ ....... __ . _ .. __ . _ . _ .. __ ....... _. _ .. _. _ .. _ ..... ___ . __ .. _. _____ . 18 

Reproduction . _ ............... _ ....... _ ....... _ ....... __ ....... __ ...... __ ... _ ..... _______ . 18 

Effects of recent drought ........... _ ........................ _ . _ ..... __ .... _ . ___ ....... _ _ _ _ 18 

Routes of travel ........................ , ................................ ___ ....... ____ . _ _ 19 

Climatic conditions _ ....... _ ....... __ . , .... _ _ ...... ___ .... ·_ .. _ ...... _ . __ ... _ .... _ ..... _ . . 19 

Underbrush, litter, and humus .................... __ ...... __ ... _ .... ___ ·_._. ____ ._ .. _. ____ ·__ 19 

Forest fires ... _ . _ ....... c ....••.•.•...•.••.•..•.••.•.. __ • _ .••. _. _. _ •• _. ___ • ___ ••• ___ • _ • _ _ _ 20 

Description of townships .............................................. , ........ __ . __ . _ . _ _ _ 20 

Township 15 north, range 6 east .... ___ ..... _ .. _. __ . __ .. _ .... ___ .... _. _____ . ___ .________ 20 

Township 13 north, range 7 east ...... , ..................... _ ....... _ ....... _____ ..... __ 20 

Township 14 north, range 7 east. _____ .... ___ . __ ._. __ ; ___ ._ .. _____ . __ .. __________________ 20 

Township 15 north, range 7 east. __ ._._ .. __ .. _ ... ___ .... ______ ... _________ ._____________ 20 

Township 12 north, range 8 east ...... _ ....... __ ._ .. _ .. _ . ___ . _ .. __ .... _. ____ .. _. _ .. ______ · 21 

Township.13 north, range 8 east .................... _._ .. _ .. __ ...... __ ._. __ ... ____ . _ _ _ _ _ 21 

Township 14 north, range 8 east ......................... _ ........ __ •..... ____ .. _ ... ____ 22 

Township 15 north, range 8 east ... _ .......... _ ....... __ ._ .. __ ...... __ ._._ .. __ . ______ .__ 22 

Township 12 north, range 9 east._ ........... · ......... _ .. __ .. , ... ___ ... _._ .. _______ .____ 22 

Township 13 north, range 9 east ........ -----· ...... _____ .-·----·-··_._. __ ... ____ ._ .. ___ . 23 

Township 14 north, range 9 east .................................... __ .. _ . _. __ ... __ . __ . _ 24 

Township 15 north, range 9.east .............................. ___ . _ ... ____ .. __________ .. 24 

Township 12 north, range 10 east ....•..............•............... __ .... _ .. _ . ____ . _ _ _ _ 24 

Township 13 north, range 10 east·----·-···-----··-----··----------·-------------------- ?.5 

Township 14 north, range 10 east .. _ .•••... _ ...• " .. _ .....•. __ .....•... _ .. · ... _______ .____ 25 

Township 15 north, range 10 east ........••..•...••.•......•••..•......... _._. __ ._______ 26 

Township 12 north, range 11 east.---·-------·-·············-·····--·---·--·-------·---- 26 

Township 13 north, range 11 east .. _ .... _ ••• 27 

3 
4 CONTENTS. 

Description of townships-Continued. Page. 

Township 14 north, range 11 east............................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

Township 15 north, range 11 east_ ... _ ...................... -............... _ ... _ , .. _ .. _ _ 28 

Township 11 north, range 12 east ..... _ ........ _. __ ...... ____ ._. ___ ._ .. _. ___ .... _. ___ ... 28 

Towl'!.ship 12 north, range 12 cast ... _._ .. __ ........ ___ ._ ............ _ ... _ .. _. __ ....... _. 29 

Township 13 north, range 12 east ... ___ ........ _ ....... __ ...... _ ......... __ ...... _ . . . . . . 29 

Township 14 north, range 12 east. .. _ ............... _ .. _ ............ _ ...... _ ..... _ .. __ .. 30 

Township 15 north, range 12 east ....... _. __ ........ _._._ ..... _ ................... _ ... _. 30 

Township 11 north, range 13 east .... _ ........................... _ ......... ~ ..... _...... 31 

Township 12 north, range 13 cast........................................................ 31 

Township 13 north, range 13 east. .................................................... _. 32 

Township 14 north, range 13 east ........... _........................................... 32 

Township 11 north, range 14 cast. ...... , ......................... ,..................... 32 

Township 12 north, range 14 east.------·--·-------------------------------------------- 33 

Township 13 north, range 14 east ............................................... ,....... 33 

Township 11 north, range 15 east. ........................ _............................. 34 

Township 12 north, range 15 east....................................................... 34 

Township 13 north, range 15 east....................................................... 35 

Township 11 north, range 16 east. .................................................... __ 35 

Township 12 north, range 16 east. ............. -- .... --.-- ... -- __ .. --. ____ .. ____ .... __ .. 35 

Township 11north, range 17 east. ........ ------ ....... -- ... -- .... __ ... __ .... --... .. .. .. 36 

Township 12 north, range 17 east ..... __ .... __ ....... __ ....... __ .................. _. __ __ 36 

Township 11 north, range 18 east ..... __ ....... __ ..... __ .......................... __ .... 37 

Township 12 north, range 18 east. .................... -- ........... ______ .... _ .... _._... .37 

Township 10 north, range 19 east. .................... __ ........ __ -- .. __ ................ 37 

Township 11 north, range 19 cast. ..... __ .......................... __ ...... __ ......... -- · 38 

Township 10 north, range 20 east ... __ ....... __ ..... __ ... -- .. __ ...... : .. __ .... __ ........ 38 

Township 10 north, range 21 east. ........................... __ ............ ____ ......... 39 

Township 9 north, range 22 east. __ . __ ................... __ ....... __ ........... __ ....... 39 

Township 10 north, range 22 east. ... _: ... ___ .... _. __ ..... ___ ... _____ . __ . ___ . __ ..... ____ 40 

Township 8 north, range 23 east. ................ -- ..... ·_.· ............... __ ...... ____ ... 40 

Township 9 north, range 23 east. .............................................. __ ..... __ 41 

Township 9 north, range 24 east ...... _ .... _ ...... _. __ ....... __ ............. __ ..... ___ .. 41 

Township 9 north, range 25 east. ..... ___ .............. __ ....... __ .... _._._ .. ______ . __ .. 42 

·Township 6 north, range 26 east. .............. _ ... __ .... ______ ........ _ .. __ . __ .... __ ... 42 

Township 8 north, range 26 east ................................. _ .. _ ........ __ : .... __ .. 43 

Township 9 north, range 26 east. ........... --.--.---- ...... --.......................... 43 

Township 1 north, range 27 east ........................... __ ........... _ ..... ____ ... __ . 44 

Township 2 north, range 27 east ....... __ .. _ ..... __ ........... _ .... ____ ......... __ ...... 44 

. Township 3 north, range 27 east. ........ _ .. _. __ ....... _ .... ___ ... _ .. '. __ ...... _ .. _ .. ____ 45 

Township 4 north, range 27 east ...... _ .. _ ............ -- __ ........ ___ ............ _...... 45 

Township 5 north, range 27 east ........... __ ..... __ . __ ........... _ .. ___ ................ 46 

Township 6 north, range 27 east........ .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 46 

Township 7 north, range 27 cast .............. __ .. __ . __ .... __ - __ ........... __ ......... __ .. 47 

Township 8 north, range 27 east. __ ............... __ ........ _ ....... _ ................. __ 47 

Township 1 north, range 28 east .......... _ ..... _ ..... _ ........ _ .............. ~......... 47 
CONTENTS. 5 

Description of townships-Continued. Page. 

Township 2 north, range 28 east._ .... _ ........... _ .... _ ..... ____ . ___ ........ _ .. _....... 48 

Township 3 north, range 28 eaBt. _______ . -- -·-- --------.--------- .. __ ; __ . ____ .... -------- 48 

Township 4 north, range 28 east. ____ . ___ ... ____ .. _ .... ___ ... ______________ .. ____ . . . .. .. 49 

Township 5 north, range 28 east. __ ... ____ .. ___ ... _ .... _____ . __ ... ____ .. ____ . ____ ....... 49 

Township 6 north, range 28 east. ________ ... __ ... ____ .. _ .......... _ ..... _ .... _.......... 50 

Township 7 north, range 28 east._ .......... _ .... _ ..... _ .... __ ............... _ .... -..... 50 

Township 1north, range 29 east. __________________________ . ___________ . _______ .... ____ . 51 

Township 2 north, range 29 east. __________ . _________ .. __ ... _____ . __ ......... _____ . ___ .. 51 

Township 3 north, range 29 east. __ ... _____ . _________ .. ________ ... _ . __ .. ________ . . . . . . . . 52 

Township 4 north, range 29 east. ___ .. ___ ... ___ .. ___ .. ___ ... _.·_ ... __ ._ .. _ .... __ .... ____ . 52 

Township 5 north, range 29 cast. ___ .. : _. ________ . ____ . __________________________ .- _____ .. 53 

Township 6 north, range 29 east. _________ .. ___ .. _____ . ___ .. ___ ... ______________ ... ____ . 53 

Township 7 north, range 29 east. ___ .. ____ .. _________ .. _ .... ________________ .___________ 54 

Township 1 north, range 30 east._ .... ____ .. _ .......... _ .. _ . ____ .. ___ .. ___________ . ____ . 54 

Township 2 north, range 30 east: __________________________ .____________________________ 55 

Township 3 north, range 30 east ...... _____ .. __ .. ___ ... _____ . _________ ._________________ 55 

Township 4 north, range 30 east. ____ . ___ ... __ ... _____ . __ ... ___ ... _______________ .. _ _ _ _ _ 56 

Township 5 north, range 30 cast._ ......... ___ ... _ .......... ____ ._ . __ . ____ .... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 

Township 6 north, range 30 east. _______________________ .. ______ . _________ ... _____ . __ .. _ 57 

Township 7 north, range 30 east. ____ . ____ . _____ , ___ ... _ . _ .. _______________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 

Township 1 north, range 31 east. __ ... _____ ._ .... _ ..... ____ . __ .. ______ ... ______________ . 58 

Township 2 north, range 31 east. __ ... ____ ... _ ... _ .. _ .. _ ... _ ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 

Township 3 north, range 31 east .. _ ... ______________________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 

Township 4 north, range 31 east. ________ . __ ~ __ .. ___________ . _________________________ . _ 59 

Township 5 north, range :n east._,_ .. ___ .. _____ . ___ .. _____ . _______ .. ___________________ 59 

Township 6 north, range 31 east._ •... ________ ... _ .... _______ ...... _ .. ________________ ~_ 60 

Township 7 north, range 31 east. ___ .. ______ . ____ .. ___ ...... _ .. _ .... ____________ .. ____ .. 60 

Index , ....................................................................... __________ ~-- 61 

I Ij L U S T R A T I 0 N S . 

PLATE I. A, Green Mountains from Mount Baldwin; B, Mount Oliphant from Mount Rose •... 

II. A, Montezuma well; B, White Mountain Prairie .................................. . 

III. .A, Yellow pine; B, Gambel oa]{ and yellow pine ................................. . 

IV. A, Alligator j~niper and yellow pine; B, Large gr.owth of alligator juniper ......... . 

V. A, Grove of aspen; B, Living and dead cypress ............... ·.· ............... , .. . 

VT. Map of the Black Mesa Forest Reserve, showing classification· of lands ............. . 

VII. Diagram of Black Mesa Forest Reserve, showing stand of timber and proportion of 

Page. 

12 

16 

20 

30 

40 

58 

each specie,s by townships....................................................... 60 

7 

IjETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL DURVEY, 

· Washington, D. C., October 10, 1903. 

SIR: I transmit herewith, for publication in the Professional Paper series, a 

report on the Black Mesa Forest Reserve, in Arizona, prepared by F. G. Plummer 

f.rom notes by Theodore F. Rixon and Arthur Dodwell. 

V cry respectfully, 

Hon. CHARLES D~ WALCOTT, 

Director, United States Geological Survey. 

HENRY GANNETT, 

Geographer. 

9 

FOREST CONDITIONS IN THE BLACK MESA FOREST RESERVE, 

ARIZONA. 

Prepared by G. F. PLUMMER, from notes by THEODORE F. RIXON and Anrrrun DoDWELL. 

BOUNDARIES. 

The Black Mesa Forest Reserve, in Arizona, was created by proclamation of 

President'McKinley dated August 17, 1898. The following are its boundaries; 

"Beginning at a point on the boundary line between Arizona and New Mexico 

where it is intersected by the north line of township seven (7) north, range thirty"one 

(31) east, Gila and Salt River meridian, Arizona; thence westerly along .the township 

line to the southeast corner of township eight (8) north, range twenty-seven (27) east; 

thence northerly to the northeast corner of said township; thence westerly along the 

second (2nd) standard parallel north to the southeast corner of township nine (9) 

north, range twenty-six (26) east; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said 

township; thence westerly along the township line to the southeast corner of township ten (10) north, range twenty-two (22) east; thence northerly to the northeast 

corner of said township; thence westerly along the township line to the southeast 

corner of township eleven (11) north, range nineteen (19) east; thence northerly.along 

the range line to its point of intersection with the forty miles limit of the grant to 

the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company; thence westerly following the forty miles 

limit of said grant to its intersection with the range line between ranges five (5) and 

six (6) east, in township fifteen (15) north; thence southerly to the southwest corner 

of said township; thence easterly along the township line to the northwest corner of . 

township fourteen (14) north, range seven (7) east; thence southerly along the range 

line to the southwest corner of township thirteen (13) north, range seven (7) east; 

thence easterly along the third (3rd) standard parallel north to the northwest corner 

of township twelve (12) north, range eight (8) east; thence southerly to the southwest corner of said township; thence easterly along the township line to the northwest corner of township eleven (11) north, range twelve (12) east; thence southerly 

to the southwest corner of said township; thence eas~erly to the northwest corner of 

the '\Vhite Mountain Indian Reservation; thenoe in a general easterly, southeasterly, 

and southerly direction along the northern and eastern boundaries of said reservation to its intersection with the Gila and Salt River base line; thence easterly along 

said base line to its intersection with the boundary line between Arizona and New 

Mexico; thence northerly along said boundary line to the point where it intersects 

the no~th line o£ township seven (7) north, range thirty-one (31) east,· the place 

o£ beginning." 

11 
12 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, .ARIZONA. 

TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES. 

The reserve comprises an area of 2,786 square miles, or 1,783,040 acres, and 

. includes parts of Yavapai, Coconino, Gila, Navajo, Apache, and Gr~harq counties. 

It is an irregular strip of land running from central Arizona in a general southeasterly direction to the New Mexico boundary. It follows and lies principally on 

the north slope of the Colorado-Gila divide, and for a distance of about 200 miles 

follows the northern and eastern boundaries of ·white Mountain Indian Reservation. 

The character of this divide, known as Black Mesa, is that of a southwest-facing 

escarpment of nearly perpendicular rock 1,500 to 2,000 feet high, and, except 

in a fe'Y places, inaccessible to the most daring climber. The central portion of 

the reserve, bordering White Mountain Reservation, is of less bold topography, but 

in detail the· surface is very rough and broken~ being cut by numerovs canyons 

tributary to the Colorado. Ea~t of this, in Apache County, the topogmphy is 

of entirely different character, rising in many sharp and lofty peaks, the highest of 

which is Green Peak, 10,115 feet high. The general name for the range in this 

vicinitv is White Mountains. The topography of the southeastern portion of the 

reserve is of a still different type; the surface is more rolling, with several high 

plateaus, and is cut by deep canyons of Eagle Creek, Salt River, and Blue River. 

Several peaks in this area exceed in elevation 11;000 feet, but their height is not 

appreciated because of the general great elevation of the surrounding· country. 

The classification o! the lands in Black Mesa .Forest Reserve, as determined from 

the examination, is as follows: 

Classification of lands in Black Mesa Forest Reserve., 

Class. Perc~ntage . .l Square 

miles. 

Timbered area • ____ .. _. ____ .. ____________ ............... _ ...... _ .... _. _ .. _ 80.70 2,248.5 

'V oodland. _ .. ____ .... __ . _ .. _____ .......... __ ............. _ .... _______ •.. · •. 14.04 391 

Timberless area . ___ ... _ .......... __ ... __ . __ ....... __ .... __ ..... __ ... _____ .. . 5.02 140 

Burned area ___ ..... ·. , .... ____ ..... _ ·_ ... ____ ... _ .. __ ..... " . ____ ......... " . ~ .. . .20 5.5 

Logged area . ___ ...... :~ ..... ~- ...• ____ ........................ .' ......... _ ................ . .04 1 

Total ____ .............. _ .......... ___ .. _ . _ ... __ . _ . __ ........ __ ... ____ _ 100.00 2, 786 

DRAINAGE. 

The reserv~ is drained on the south by West Clearwater Creek, Beaver Creek, 

and Fossil Creek, all of which are tributaries of Verde River, and by Eagle Creek, 

Salt River, and Blue River, tributaries of San Francisco River, the whole being 

part of_ the Gila River system. On the north side the Nutrioso, Little Colorado, 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY" PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 23 PL. I 

A. GREEN MOUNTAINS FROM MOUNT BALDWIN. 

11. MOUNT OLIPHANT FROM MOUNT ROSE. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 23 PL. II 

.A. MONTEZUMA WELL. 

B. WHITE MOUNTAIN PRAIRIE, 
WATER SUPPLY-AGRr"CULTUHE-GRAZING. 13 

Showlow, Heber, Chevalon, and East Clearwater are tributary to Colorado River 

through the Little Colorado. The last-named stream heads in numerous springs 

on the east slopes of Mount' Baldy and Ord Peak~ in T. 6 N., R. 26 K 

WATEH SUPPLY. 

"\Vater is very scarce. "\~ ithin the reserve the streams mentioned above are 

perpetual, but flow only a short distance outside before sinking. There are over a 

hundred arroyos having small flows of water at their heads in the higher elevations. 

Eight years ago the reserve was well watered, but successive seasons of drought have 

rendered it exceedingly dry, and unless a change for the better occurs there is no 

doubt that the cattlemen and sheepmcn will desert the country. At Heber, Pinedale, 

and Nutrioso, where the inhabitants once formed a prosperous community, people 

are rapidly leaving, and the few that remain do so with the forlorn hope that each. 

succeeding year will bring .a heavy snowfall or that a rainy season will again 

replenish their water supply in order that farming may be resumed under favorable 

conditions. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Eight years ago numerous small areas were profitably farmed, but in recent 

years the lack of precipitation has caused a falling off in this industry, and at the 

present time the only fanning settlements of any importance are at Beaver Creek, 

Showlow Creek, and at the town of Alpine at the head of Blue River. The latter 

point has an elevation of 8,400 feet, and althougl} subject to early frosts, wheat has 

been successfully raised when there was sufficient moisture. Three years ago the 

crop was 5;000 bushels, but fell the following year to 2,500 bushels. Last season 

the crop amounted to only 800 bushels, and it is evident that the country will become 

worthless unless the water supply it,; increased by natural or artificial means. 

GRAZING. 

The entire reserve is a natural range and grazing has been the main industry 

m this and adjacent regions. In recent years this industry has suffered greatly 

owing to the continued droughts, and the only remaining areas which are used solely 

for cattle range are on the Blue and Salt River and Eagle Creek.. The Double 

Circle cattle ranch, which used to graze over 100,000 head, has been compelled .to 

gradually decrease its herd, until it now numbers not more than 9,000. Range for 

this herd is very limited, and large areas are being rented from the Apache Indians 

in the White Mountain· Indian Reservation. 

"\Vild forage grasses naturally grow luxuriantly all over the reserve, even under 

the hea\'iest forest shade, but the best growths are nearly always :found at some 
14 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, .ARIZONA. 

distance from water, and are consequently not available for the stock which are not 

able to make the trip from water to pasture. As perpetual water is approached 

the effect of grazing is seen by the gradual, and finally total disappearance of the 

grasses. Numerous carcasses of cattle and horses testify to their having attempted 

long trips from water to pasture, but, failing to return in time, perished from 

thirst. It is. probable that under careful management this condition could be 

improved. 

The Verde slope in the Beaver Creek watershed is an example of repeated 

overstocking. This district was formerly a source of great wealth to ~ettlers and 

stockmen in that vicinity, but the excessive number of cattle and horses bas finally 

resulted in the complete annihilation of the pasture. To-day an animal can not get 

a bite for miles around, and even the roots of the grasses have been so thoroughly 

trampled upon that it is doubtful if any reproduction would follow without artificial 

means. Unless stringent rules are adopted, regulating the number of stock and the 

areas on which they shall be grazed on each permit, this condition will sooner or 

later obtain throughout the reserve. Instead of working an injustice or hardship 

upon the stockmen, a proper reserve policy which would protect the source of their 

wealth would in time permit them to range a greater number of animals, and, at the 

same time, permit the reproduction of the forage grasses which are native to this 

excellent grazing· area. 

LUl\ffiERING. 

Very little logging has been carrieu on within the reserve. Some timber has 

been cut in the vicinity of Pine, Pinedale, Pinetop, and Alpine, and the lumber has 

been used locally by settlers in building houses and for fencing. At three points on 

Blue River timber has been culled for shipment to Clifton, a thriving mining center 

in the southeastern part of Arizona. Pine lumber brings $4:0 per thousand feet 

B. M. delivered, but as the only means of transportation is by wagon it costs about 

$20 for the delivery .. 

All of the lumber is used for mining purposes, principally for stoops, and for 

this purpose the quality is good when the timber is sound and free from rot. The 

. system of operating. sawmills has generally been to cut all the convenient timber 

within a radius of 1 or 2 miles, and then to remove the mill to another favorable 

location, it being easier to move the mill than to pay the extra cost of hauling logs 

out by wagon. All of the mills. are small, cutting from 3,000 to 10,000 feet B . .lVI. 

· per day. Water power and steam arc both in use., but the former is very uncertain, 

and, even with the assistance of storage, does not insure ~ continuous run. 
FOREST CONDITIONS IN· BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 15 

1\HNING. 

The only area which appears to be classifiable as mineral land is in the ·southeastern portion of the reserve, in the watershed of Blue River. The mineral belt of 

Clifton apparently extends in a n~rtherly direction as far as the south boundary of 

the reserve, but no locations of any importance have been made very far north of, 

that belt, and there js at this time no mining within the boundaries of the reserve. 

The exposed rock is generally limestone, and the. plateaus are covered with malpais 

rock, which is very hard and of volcanic origin. ' 

LIST OF TREES AND STAND OF Tll\1BER. 

Timber spedes in Black 1lfesa ./<brest Reserve. 

Yellow pine _ ..... _ .. __ .. ~ ...................... Pinus ponderosa. 

Limber pine ........ _ .......... _ ................ Pinus flexilis. 

Mexican white pine ...... _ ..... _ ................ Pinus ·strobiformis. 

Engelmann spruce .............................. Picea engelmanni. 

Arizona spruce .................................. Picea engelmanni var. franciscana. 

Red fir .......... __ . _ ............ _ .............. Pseudotsuga taxifolia. 

White fir ................. : .. : .................. Abies concolor. 

Alligator juniper ....................... __ ....... Juniperus pachyphlcea. 

Cottonwood .... _. _ ............... _ ............. Populus trichocarpa. 

Aspen ................ ____ ...................... Populus tremuloides. 

Arizona cypress ..... __ . _ ............... _. _ ...... Cupressus guadalupensis. 

Gam bel oak ................................... _Quercus gam belii. 

Emory oak .. · ..... --.· ... : ................ ______ .Quercus emoryi. 

Alder ... _ ........ ·---- ...... __ ... _____ ,._ .... __ .Alnus rhombifolia. 

Sycamore .. _____ .. _ ......... _ ................ _ .. Platanus racemosa. 

Stand of timber species in Black Mesa Fore.~t Reserve. 

Yellow pine .............................. ____ ........ ------ .... .. 

Engelmimn spruce .... : .. , ........ .' .... _ ............... _ ........ .. 

White pine .................................. __ · __ ................ . 

Red fir ____ ... _ ... ________ .. _ ..... _. _______ ...... _ .. ____ , __ .. _ ... . 

'\Vhite fir .............................................. , ........ .. 

Feet B. 11!. 

3,445,960,000 

279,425,000 

131,950,000 

130,780,000 

93,383,000 

Total. ..... ____ .. _ ................. _ ........... _ ......... _ ... 4, 081,.498, 000 

Gambel oak .............................................. : ...... . 

Alligator juniper._ ......• ~ ........ _ .... _ .. · ....................... . 

Arizona cypress ............................. _____________________ _ 

Total. _ .. __ .. __ .. _ .. _ .. _ .. __ . ____ .. __ .. __ ... _ ..... _ ......... 

CordR of fuel. 

155,340 

86,135 

18,285 

259,760 
16 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

TIMBER ZONES. 

The altitudinal range of timber species in this reserve is not clearly defined, 

for the reason that. the area presents throughout its great length so wide a diversity 

of climatic conditions and exposures. The noticeable characteristics of the distribution of the various species is their preference for the northern or southern 

.. slopes of the canyon. For example; at the headwaters of East Clearwater, a 

tributary of the Little Colorado, in the western part of the. reserve, all the 

canyon slopes facing northward are timbered with red fir and white fir, while on 

the opposite sides of the canyons the entire forest is of yellow pine. Only a few 

individual red firs seem to be able to live in the face of the intense midday sun, 

and the lowest elevation at which this species was found in this watershed was. 

6,970 feet. 

In the .flOuthcastern portion of the reserve the red fir and the white fir are 

likewise found on the northern slopes and on the east side of canyons, while on 

the opposite sides the timber is entirely yellow pine. 

There is a well-defined series of timber zones on Mount Baldy and Escudilla 

Peak. Yellow pine reaches an altitude of 9,500 feet; red fir ranges from V,OOO to 

9,500 feet, white fir from 9,000 to 10,000 feet, and Engelmann spruce, which is 

the principal timber of the high altitude, mnges from 9,000 feet to tbe summit. 

It is noticeable, however, that on the southern slopes of these mountains the lower 

limit of the spruce is at 9,500 feet. 

North and west of Black .River the yellow pine prefers the southern and 

western exposure, but in the watersheds tributary to Eagle Creek and. Blue River 

its habits appear to be reversed, and it is found principally on the slopes facing 

. the north; in fact, it is found .where red fir .and white fir would naturally be 

expected. The barren slopes are generally on the southern exposures. 

DESCRIPTION OE' TREES. 

Yellow pine is the principal timber tree of the reserve and the only lumber 

at present used for manufacturing purposes. It is distributed generally throughout 

the entire length of the reserve, except such small areas as are shown on the map 

(Pl. VI) as being wooded, without merchantable timber. From range 15 to 24, 

inclusive, it forms a pure forest. Along the top of Black Mesn, in ranges 9 to 

14, inclusive, there is a small mixture of red fir and white fir. To the east and 

southeast of White Mountain are many diversified conditi~ns, the mixed forest 

being composed of two, three, or four species. of timber, together with other 

species suitable only for fuel or fencing. Taking· only the merchantable timber into 

. consi~eration, the average height of the y!;Jllo;v pine is about 125 feet, having 24 
DESCRIPTION OF TREES. 17 

feet of clear trunk and a diameter of 18 inches, breast high, with an approximate 

age of 125 to 150 years. 

Engelmann spruce is found in the more moist areas. above an altitude of 9,000 

feet, and attains its best development on the north slopes. The tree is generally 

small and thickly limbed with branches to the ground, leaving practically no clear 

trunk. It will average 70 feet high and 10 inches in diameter, with an age of 50 to 

75 years. This is an extremely rapid growth, doubtless due to its s.urroundings. A 

variety of Engelmann spruce is the Arizona spruce (Picea en,qelmanni var. francisoana), which has identically the same range and distribution, except the upper altitudinal limit, which is not so great. It will avemge 100 feet high and 20 feet of clear 

trunk, with a diameter of 18 inches. Its best growth is found on the divide at the 

. head of Little Colorado River, at an elevation of 10,000 feet. A C'onsiderable portion 

of this timber has matured and has rapidly decayed, as high as 25 per cent bemg 

diseased. 

Red fir is found in three areas within the reserve-on the mesa east of Bakers 

Butte, on the White Mountains near Green Peak, and along and to the south of the 

divide from Ord Peak to Escudilla Peak. It prefers the northern slopes of this 

broken country, and will cling to the abrupt sides of canyons. Like the spruces, 

it thrives best in the more moist and sheltered areas of the higher altitudes. Although 

this tree is valuable for manufacturing purposes, it is considerably inferior to that 

found in Oregon and Washington, both as to size and as to clear height of trunk. 

White fir is found along the mesa from Baker Butte to the head of Chevalon 

Canyon, and forms part of the mixed forests east of range 25. It is not important 

cqmmercially. 

Western white pine forms a portion of the mixed forests along the mesa east of 

Bakers Butte and in the southeastern part of the reserve. It has a wide range of 

altitude, from 7,500 to 10,700 feet, and would be a valuable timber commercially if 

the better trees were more accessible. 

Alligator juniper and Arizona cypress are found generally distributed over the 

area classified as woodland on Pl. VI, but also form a portion ot the undergrowth in 

the yellow pine and mixed forests. They are used by settlers for fence posts, 

and for this purpose are durable and will last for an indefinite period. 

Deciduous trees border the streams and marshy places. The quaking aspen is 

often a guide to the location ot subterranean water, as it seeks a location where 

its roots can reach moister gr~und, and it thus manages to exist when other species 

are seriously affected by drought. 

608-No. 23-04-2 
18 FORES1.' CONDITIONS IN BLA.CK MESA. RESERVE, .ARIZONA.. 

RATE OF GROWTH. 

The rate of growth of the principal timber trees in and near Black Mesa Forest 

Reserve. was determined by the measurement of 1,683 annual rings, and is equal to 

0.129 inch per year. The rate for t.he different species is as follows: 

Rate of prqwth of principal timber species. 

Inches per year. 

Red fir __ : ___ ._ •• _. _. _ .. __ .•.. _ ...••.. _ ....••..•.....•.•. _ ......• ___ ... _.. 0. 266 

Engelmann spruce ....... ____ .. __ ... _ . __ ... _ ...•... __ .... __ .... _ ........ _ . . 209 

White pine __ .......... _. __ ............. _ ...... _. _ .. _ ..•.•. _ ..... _ .. _..... . 179 

Alligator juniper ............. _ ..... _ .. __ ._ ... _ .. _._ ............... __ ._.... . 094 

Yell ow pine .........••.. _ .• ·_ . _ . _ ..... ·.·. _ .. _...... . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 

REPRODUCTION. 

Upon the higher altitudes the species which seem to thrive and reproduce 

exceptionally well are the white fir, red fir, and Engelmann spruce; upon the lower 

altitudes the yellow pine predominates, both in the forest and in the young growth. 

In Tps. 12 and 13 N., R. 12 E., exceptionally heavy stands of young timber were 

noticed. 

height. 

growth. 

These trees average about 10 or 12 inches in diameter and 125 feet in 

In this same area was a still later generation of smaller pines of thrifty 

In this hot climate it is absolutely necessary that the young forest growth 

shall have the protection of the parent trees, and it is evident that in areas which 

have been logged ~ff completely the. young gr~wth has been unable to stand the 

extreme heat. In T. 9 N., R. 23 E., a small area has been logged, the mature 

trees having been culled, but a large number of smaller trees were not disturbed and 

afforded protection in the reforestation, and the result has demonstrated that under 

favorable conditions the young trees will start, grow, and mature anywhCI;e within 

the yellow-pine belt of this reserve. There is no doubt that reproduction is a 

practical impossibility without this sheltering of the larger trees, but under proper 

forestry regulations logging can be accomplished. 

EFFECTS OF RECENT DROUGHT. 

The scarcity of precipitation which for the last eight years has afflicted this 

region is shown by the condition of the yellow pine, alligator juniper, and Arizona 

cypress, which trees, as a rule, stand an extreme drought. In the vici'ni~y of Heber, · 

in T. 12 N., Rs. 16 and 17 E., the scattering growth of yellow pine is rapidly being 

killed, as the trees do not stand sufficiently close to a~ord mutual protection, and the 

whole of them are dead or so far diseased as to be beyond resuscitation. At Blue 

post-office, in T. 3 N., R. 30 E. (unsurveyed), the effects of the excessive heat and 

drought are still more marked, and large areas of sparsely timbered country ·Will 

lose hundreds of thousands of feet of timber unless it is immediately log~ed. 
FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, .ARIZONA. H.l 

ROUTES OF TRAVEL. 

Numerous roads and trails traverse the reserve, but some are mere cattle paths 

and difficult to follow. On the rocky plateaus traveling for man or beast is very 

difficult and tiresome. A fairly good road r~ns along the rim for the entire distance 

from Baker Butte, in T. 12 N:, It. 9 E., to Nutrioso, in T. 7 N., R. 30 E., and from 

it branch roads lead to the several cattle ranches and settlement10. Another road 

leaves Nutrioso for Clifton, which is-located about 25 miles south of the reserve 

boundaries. It follows Blue River, but on account of numerous crossings which arc 

not bridged the road is practicable only during low stages of the river. Excepting 

the canyons and heavily littered areas, one can ride a horse almost anywhere 

throughout the reserve. The main road from Camp Apache to Holbrook crosses the 

rest,rve via Pinetop and Showlow. 

CLI)\fATIC CONDITIONS. 

Although there is a difference in latitude of only 1° 20'. between the northern 

and southern boundaries of the reserve, the climatic conditions have a wide range 

Juring the summer mpnths. On Beaver Creek, at the extreme west edge of the 

reserve, and at an elevation of 3,400 feet, the thermometer during August registered 

108°, 112°, and 115° on three successive days. On the main divide, at an elevation 

of 8,000 feet, the daily temperature would range from 90° at noon to freezing point 

at night, making the use of several pairs of blankets an absolute necessity. 

Thunderstorms are frequent but of short duration, and although accompanied 

by magnificent electrical displays, are very erratic as regards precipitation. In some 

instances all the phenomena of !!> violent storm prevail without a drop of water 

falling, while on other occasions the torrents rese!I].ble a cloudburst, falling in sheets 

and filling all the arroyos and making the small streams raging torrents. 

UNDERBRUSH, LITTER, AND HUl\fUS. 

Throughout the area in which yellow pine predominates the amount of litter 

and underbrush is very small, the forest floor being very clean, with a scanty 

covering of humus. In those areas where the alligator juniper and Arizona cypress 

thrive the growth is in some places so thick and scrubby as to be almost impenetrable, as these trees are naturally ·short bodied and almost entirely crowned. 

On the open area of the mesas and plateaus there are numerous species of cacti. 

In th~. southeastern portion · o:f the reserve, in Graham County, there is a 

considerable growth of dense underbrush, which makes traveling difficult and 

in places impossible. 

In the higher zones lying east of range 26, where Engelmann ~pruce abounds 

in the mixed :forests, the litter caused by fallen timber is very heavy. ·This is 

• 
20 FORERT CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, .ARIZONA: 

particularly true on the Blue Mountain plateau, where it is not uncommon to 

find a stand of 200 trees to the acre. This litter is not only the result of matured 

trees which died and fell, but also of a large _number of smaller and weaker 

trees having been killed by crowding an_d overshading . . . FOREST FIRES. 

There has been very little damage t~ the timber of this reserve by fires, for 

the reason that there is s~ little underbrush and litter. A few old burns were 

noticed in the neighborhood of Alpine; at the head o£ Blue River, but their scope 

is very limited and . the amount of tim~er ~estroy~d is very smalL The largest 

burn is located in T. 6· N., R. 27 E., and in this case the timber was killed, but 

the dead trunks are still standing. The amount destroyed does not exceed two 

and one-half million feet o£ yellow pine, red fir, and white fir,_ all of. exceedingly 

poor quality. . . · 

DESCRIPTIONS .OF TOWNSHIPS. 

TowNSHIP 15 NoRTH, RA~WE 6 EAsT. . . . 

The south hal£ of this township is included within the ·reserve, and it contains 

no timber of merchantable value. Along the Beaver Creek bottom are sycamore 

and cottonwood, which are used by the settlers as fuel. The surface is nearly 

all rolling or broken, except .a narrow strip along Beaver Creek. . The soil is very I 

stony, with some clay along the creek bottom. 

TowNSHIP 13 NoR'rH, RANGE 7 EAsT. 

This township has no timber of merchantable value. The surface. is all steep 

and broken, with a small scattering of cypress and cactus. The greater portion of 

the township is an open desert ·with stony soil. 

TowNsHIP 14 NoRTH, RANGE 7 EAsT. 

This township has no timber of any value, except some scattering cypress a~d 

alligato.r juniper, which at'e chiefly used for fencing. The surface is rough and 

broken, with a stony soil with some clay. 

TowNSHIP 15 NoRTH,· RANGE 7 EAST. 

The south third of this township is included within the reserve, and contains 

a fair growth of scattering cypress, but most of the surface is open, barren, or 

grazing land. 

Stand of species in T. 15 N., R. 7 E. . . Cords. 

Arizona cypress ........... _ .. _ ............ _ .... '_ ........... _ .......... _._ ... 925 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL FAPER NO. 23 PL. lit 

A. YELLOW PINE. 

B. GAMBEL OAK AND YELLOW PINE. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 21 

TowNSHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 8 EAsT. 

The timber is chiefly yellow pipe, small and of poor quality, and stands mainly 

in the ndrtheastern portion of the township. There is some scattering scrub oak on 

all the benches, which is of value only for fuel. On the west side of the township 

is scattering cypress. The surface is rough and broken, except a narrow strip of 

land along Strawberry Creek, which will aV!:ll;age about 80 rods in width. Fossil 

Creek flows through a very deep canyon., 

All the timber will have to be logged to the south, and will be difficult and 

expensive to handle, owing to the rough ground. 

Stand of species in T. 12 N., R. 8 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ..................................................... . 

Arizona cypress .................... :.~ ...................... 1, llO 

Gambel oak ................................................ 4,525· 

TotaL ........................................... -~ .... 5, 635 

Forest conditions in T. 12 N., R. 8 E. 

l!'eet B. M. 

14,000,000 

Average total height of yellow; pine ..................................... feet.. 80 

Average height, clear ................... c .... : ...... : .................. do... 10 

· Average diameter, breast high ....................................... inches.. 16 

Dead ............................................................. per cent.. 2 · 

Diseased.: .. · ........ ~- ......... · ....................................... do .. , ·20 

Average age .................. ·"·· ................................... years .. 170 

Litter ................ ,· .......................... " ... , ........ · ............ Light. I 

TowNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 8 ·EAsT. 

The only timber of value is in the southeastern portion of the township, and is 

yellow pine, of which 40 per cent is of good quality and the rest is rough and short. 

The greater portion of the township is rough and broken desert land, with scattering 

growths of cypress and cactus. 

Stand of species ·in T. 18 N., R. 8 E. 

Cords. Feet :il. l\L 

. Yellow pine ..... _, ..... ' ..... , .... ·................................. 12, 000, 000 

Arizona cypress ...... _. ...................................... 6, 200 

Gam bel oak .................. :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 409 

TotaL ......................... · ..................... 8,600 

Forest conditions in T. 18 N., R. 8 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine ...................................... feet.. 85 

Average height, clear .................................................. do ... 14 

Average diameter, breast high ......................................... inches.. 15 

Dead .. , .......................................................... percent .. 2 

Diseased .................................... , ......................... do... 15 

Average age ......................................................... years .. 180 

Litter .................................................................. Light. 
' 

I 22 .I!'OREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

TowNSHIP 14 NoRTH, RANGE 8 EAsT. 

The only timber in this township is some yellow pine al9ng the east boundary, ' I 

the rest of the township being an open desert, with scattering cypress and oak. 

The surface is steep and broken, _with a stony clay soil. 

Stand uj Hpecies in T. 14 N., R. 8 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine .. _ . _ . ______ ... ___________ ." . __________________________ _ 

Alligator juniper __ ... _______ . _________ .. __ .. ___ .. __ ., .. ______ :3, 750 

Gam bel oak . _ .. __ ... _____ ......... ____ .. _ ... _. ___ -.-. __ . _. _ _ _ 475 

Total.. _______ ... _ ... __ .. ____ . _ .... __ . __ ... __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4, 225 

Forest conditions in T. 14 N., R. 8 E. · 

Feet B.l\L 

:3,000,000 

.Average total height of yellow pine_ .. _ ..... _ -.- __ .. _ ... _ .. ___ .. _ .. _ .. ___ feet._ SO 

Average height, clear _____ . __ ..... _____ . ___ ... __ . _____ . _ .. _ . __________ .do___ 10 

Average diameter, breast high _____ .. __________ . _. __ . _________ . _____ .inches._ 16 

Dead _____ .. ________ . ___ . _____ . ____ . __ . ___ . _____ . _____ . _______ . _ .. per cent._ 5 

Diseased _____ , __ . __ . __________ . _____ .. _ .. _ .... ______ .. _ .... _____ ... ___ do_ _ _ 20 

Average age ______ . _ ... __ . _____ .. _ ........ __ . _. _ .. _, _ .. __ . ___ ..... __ -):ears .. 170 

Litter ____ ..... __ . __ ._. ___ :_·_._ .. ___ ... _ ... _ .. ___ .. __ .. _ ... ___ ... _ ... _. __ Dight. 

TowNSIIIP 15 NoR·rn, RANGE 8 EAsT. 

The south third of this township i;; included within the reserve. The only 

timber is yellow pine, in sections 25, 26, 35, and 36. The remainder of the fraction 

of the .township is open desert land, with scattered cypress and some oak brush. 

Stand of spedes in T. 15 N., R. 8 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine_ .... _ ............ _ .. ___ ... _ ... _ .. :. _ .. ________ .... _ .. . 

Alligator juniper ............................................. 1,900 ,( 

Garnbel oak .. ____ ... _ ...... ____ ... _ .. _. ___ .... _ ... ____ .. __ .. 650 

Total._ ..... _ ..... ____ . _ ........ ___ . _ .. _ ..... __ .. __ . . . . 2, 550 

Fore.<t conditions ·in 'l'. 15 1\'., R. 8 E. 

' 

Feet B.l\I. 

1, 7~Q,OOO 

Average total height of yellow pine ----------·-·····--·······-·--·····feet .. 80 

Average height, clear ________ _. _______ -------------·-····---········--·do ... 10 

Average diameter, breast high ........ ---.--------------·····----·-··.inches .. 16 

Dead ............ _ ............ _ ......... ·_. _ ........ _. ____ . _· __ .... _per cent.. 5 

Diseased _ ...... __ ................ __ ............ _ .... _ ... __ .... _ .... __ .do.__ 20 

Average age ........................... _ ........ ____ ... _._ ..•. _ .... _ .years .. 170 

Litter ........... __ ............ _ ....... : . .. __ ... __ ..... _. . . _ .......... _ .. Light. 

-ToWNSHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 9 EAST. 

This township is very rough and broken, with deep canyons along creeks. It 

reache;; an elevation of 8,180 feet at' Baker Butte, which is on the divide between 

Strawberry and East Clearwater creeks. The timber is chiefly yellow pine, of 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 23 

which about 30 per cent is of good quality. Most of the timber will have to be 

logged to the south, the exception being a small area on the north slope, which will 

handle to the west. Owing to the roughness of the surface it will be difficult and 

expensive to log. There is a light undergrowth of yellow pine.~nd Gambel oak. 

Stand of species in T .. 12 N., R. 9 E. · 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ................ · .............. :. _ ...... ·: ::; : . ........ .' 

Gambel oak ______ .......................................... 3,425 

Forest conditions in T. 12 N., R. 9 E. 

Feet B. M. 

53,250,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ____________________ - ________________ feet._ 80 

Average height, clear ______________ ......... ---------- ____ 9 .: ........... do ... ' Average diameter, breast high ... ___ .. _ .... _______ ... __ ....... __ ..... inches.. 16 

Dead ............................ ____ ............................. per cent .. 2 

Diseased __ 15 .. _. _. _ ... ______ . ___ . __ ... ___ ....... _ "-- ...... _ .. ____ ._. __ .. do·._ 

Avera'ge age ____ . ___ . ---.-- _________ . _ ... _ .·. __ . _ .... __ .. __ .... __ ... ~-.years._ 160 

Litter _ . _ ... ___ ... __ . ____ . __ . _ .. _ . _ .... ; . _. ·- _ .. _. ____ .. _ ... _________ . __ -.. Light. 

TowNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 9 EAsT. 

This township is very rough and broken, and has a general slope tow~rd the 

northwest, and all the timber would be logged in that direction into the valley 

of the West Clearwater. The timber is principally yellow pine of good quality. 

Along the south boundary are a few ar;eas of red fir and lovely fir, which are of 

very poor quality. There IS a very light undergrowth or' yellow pine, Gambel 

oak, and Arizona cypress. 

. Stand of species in T. 18 N., R. 9 E. 

Cords.· 

Yellow pine_. __ .. ____ ._ .. ___ ._ .... __________ . ____ ------ ________ __ 

Red fir ____ .. __ ... __ .. __ .. __ ... _____ ......... ______ ... ______ · ___ .. . 

\Vhite fir .... __ .... __ ............ _ ... _ .. ____ ... ___ . ____ . ____ ._ ... .. 

Arizona cypress ................... _____ ..................... 700 

Gambel oak------------------------------------------------ 5,625 

Total ..... ------- .................. ____ .... ____ ...... 6, 325 

'Forest conditions in T. 13 N., R. 9 E. 

Feet B. J\I. 

87,5QO,OOO 

600,000 

225,000 

88,325,000 

Average total height of timber trees ........ _ .... _ .. __ .................. feet._ 90 

Average height, clear------------ ...................................... do ... 16 

Average diameter, breast-high ....................................... inches.. 17 

Dead ............................................................. percent.. 2 

Diseased ...................... _ .. --------- ............................ do... 15 

·Average age ...................................... ------------ ____ .... years~- 155 

Litter __ --. _. _ .... _ ...... __ .. ____ ........... _ ....... _ ~. _________ ... _. __ .. Light. 

r• ·' J • ~ • • 

,.~ .... ····· 
24 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MES.A RESERVE, .ARIZONA. 

TowNSHIP 14 NoRTH, RANGE 9 EAsT. 

This township is steep and broken and drains westerly into West Clearwater 

Creek. The timber is chiefly yellow pine, of which 50 per cent is good quality. 

It will log to the west to good advantage. The Gambel oak is of small value 

except :for fuel or :fencing. 

Stand of species in T. 14 N., R. 9 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ......... ·....... . . . . . . . . . . ... ~ ..................... . 

Arizona cypress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 

Gam bel oak ............................................... 2, 650 

TotaL ........ ." .................................... ~ . 3, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 14 N., R. 9 E. 

Feet B.l\L 

103,000,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ..................................... feet.. 90 

Average height, clear ........................................... , ...... do. ~. 16 

Average diameter, breast-high ................................. · ...... inches.. 18 

Dead ......................... ·-~--- ............................... per cent:. 2 

Diseased ............................................•................. do ... 10 

Average.age ...................................................... ". .. years .. 180 

Litter ...........•....................................................... Light. 

TowNSHIP 15 NoRTH, RANGJ<J 9 EAST. 

The south half of this township is in<:luded within the reserve. It ~upports a 

fair growth o:f yellow pine, o:f which about 50 per cent is o:f good quality. It will 

log to the south imd west to great advantage. There is considerable growth o:f 

Gambel oak, which is fit only :for :fuel. 

• 

Stand of species in T. 15 N., R. 9 E. 

Cords. 

·Yell ow pine ..... ~ : . ............................................. . 

Gam bel oak ................................................ 5, 500 

Forest cond·itionH in T. 15 N:, R. 9 E. 

Feet B. M. 

31,500,000 

Average total height of yeHow _pine ..................................... feet.. 90 

Average height, clear:····· .........................................••. do ... 16 

Average diameter, breast-high .................................. ~ .... inches.. 18 

Dead ............................................................. per cent.. 4 

Diseased .............................................................. do... ·10 

Average age ......................................................... years.. 180 

Litter ................................................................... Light. 

TowNSHIP 12 NcRTH, RANGJ<J 10 EAST. 

This township will be very difficult to log, as the surface Is very rough and 

steep. It will naturally:log north o:f the mesa rim toward the East Clearwater, and 

south o:f the rim into East Verde . River. O:f the vellow-oine tim her al.l~mt 30 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 25 

-per cent is of good quality. The red fir is along the banks of the creeks and is 

all of poor quality. ·white pine is small and rough. There is some Gambel oak 

in the undergrowth. 

Stand of timber species in T. 12 N., R. 10 E. 

Feet B. :M. 

Yellow pine .... ___ . __ . ______ . _ .. _____________ . _ .. _. _ .... _ . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 500, 000 

White pine ____ ., __________________________________ ._. __ ............. 500, 000 

Red fir _____ . _____________________________ , _______________ . _ . _ .. ____ , · 1, 000, 000 

TotaL ... , .. _ ..... ____ .. ______ . __ .. ___ .. _ . ___ ... _ .. __ ....... __ . 38, 000, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 12 N., R. 10 E. 

Average total height._---- __ ..... -,-_ ... ______ ............ _ ............. feet.. 85 

Average height, clear ______ -____ --------·-·_-----. _____ .--- .. --.'----·- .do... 13 

Average diameter, breast-high . ______ . ______ . _. _ .. ___ .. _. __ ....... __ .inches.. 16 

Dead __ . ___________ . ______________ . ______________ .. _______ .:._._ .. per cent.. 2 

Diseased_ ...... ______ ... ___ . __ . ______ .. ___ . ___ .. ____ ._. __ ........ ____ .do... 12 

Average age . _. ----. __ ...... __ . ____ . ·---- ... ___ ....... ,. _ •........ __ .years .. 140 

Litter _. _. ______ .... ___ . ·.-. ____ • ____ . · ______ . _. ___ .. ____ . _ ..... ·.·. _ .. ____ . Light. 

T?WNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 10 EAsT. 

This township drains northeastward into East Clearwater Creek. The surface 

· is very rough and broken,· but the timber can be logged very cheaply into the 

canyon. There is a heavy growth of yellow pine of fair quality. Along the 

creek there is some red fir and aspen. 

Stand of species in T. 13 N., R. 10 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine ..... _. _ ..... ___ _. ....... _. _ .. _ ........ _ ............. . 

Red fir . _ . ___ . __ ..... _ .. _ .. _ .. ___ ... ______ ...... _ ...... __ ...... _ . 

Gambel oak .... ______ .. ___ ......... ____ .. ___ . ___ ._, __ .. _ .. 2, 025 

TotaL . _. _. _. ___ ..... _ ..... ___ . ___ . _. _. _. __ . _ .• _. :. _ _ 2, 025 

Fore.~t conditions in T. 13 N., R. 10 E. 

FectB.l\L 

84,000,000 

4,350,000 

88,350,000 

Average total height of timber trees. ___ .. ____ .... _ .... _ .. _ .... _ ... _. ___ .feet .. 100 

Average height, clear -------------------------------------,-·---,-· ..... do ... 14 

Average diameter, breast high .. .- ................... __ .............. inches.. 19 

Dead . ____ .. ________ . ____ . _. _. ____ . _ .. _ .. _ ..... _ .... _ .... _ ...... _.per cent._ . 2 

Diseased ------ .•. _. ______ . _. _ ...... __ . _ ..... _ .... _ .. __ . __ ....... _ ..... do .. _ .8 

Average age .. _ . ____ .. ___ ........ _ . _ .. _ .. _ ......... _ .......... · ..... _ . years. . 155 

Litter . _. _ .. _______________ . ____ . _. __ ... _. _ .. _. _ ..... _. _. _. _ .. __ ..... ,. __ Light. 

TOWNSIJtP 14 NORTH, RANGE 10 EAST. 

This township is upon the divide between the West Clearwater and the East 

Clearwater, and will log into. the valley of these streams. Yell ow pine is of very 

good quality and stands heavy on some of the sections. 
26 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZ ON A. 

Stand of spec:ies in T. 14 N., R. 10 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine ................... -................................ . 

Gam bel oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 375 

Forest conditiom in T. 14 N., R. 10 E. 

Feet B. :r.r. 

73,500,000 

Average total height of yellow pine .......... ~ .. __ ...... __ ..... ____ . _ ... feet. . 100 

Average height, clear ..•.............•............. _ ....... _ ........... do .. _ 24 

Average diameter, breast high ................ _ ................ _ ..... inches.. 20 

Dead ............................................................. per cent._ 1 

Diseased ....................•..•...................................... do... 10 

Average age ...•..................................................... years. . 180 

Litter .......•••...•... _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light. 

Reproduction .................................................... , ... Very good. 

TowNSHIP 15 NoRTH, RANGE 10 EAsT. 

Sections 7 to 36, inclusive, of this township are within the reserve. The surface 

is gently rolling with stony soil and some clay. The timber is chiefly yellow pine, of 

which 40 per cent is of good quality. Among the west boundary is some scattering 

cypress and alligator juniper. 

Stand of species T. 15 N., R. 10 E. 

Cords. Feet B. M. 

Yell ow pine .............. _ ..... _ ....... _ .. _ ....... _ ..... _ . __ .. _ . . . 28, 500, 000 

Arizona cypress_ . __ . _ . ~ _ .. _ . _____ . _. __ . _ ... ____ .... _ . __ ...• 2, 250 

Gam bel oak ... __ ._ ... __ ..... _ .. _ .. _ ....... _. __ . __ ._ .. _. __ . 4, 600 

Total. . _ ..... _ ..... __ . ___ ... ____ . _ .. ___ .- . _ ...... _ . . . . 6, 850 

Forest conditions in T. 16N., R. 10 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine ......... _.... . . _. _ ..... _ ...... _ .. _.feet.. 80 

Average height, clear _ ................ _ .... _. _ ... _ .. _. _ ... _. __ .... _._ .. do .. ." 12 

Average diameter, breast high .. · ...... _ ....... _ ... _ .. ___ . __ .......... inches.. 16 

Dead ..... ·.· ....................... _. _ .. _ .. _ .. _. ___ ..... _. __ ... _ .. per cent.. 2 

Diseased .......... _ ................ _ ............. _._ ... _ ...... __ ._ .. _ .. do... 1.5 

Average age ...... ------.--- ......... _______ ......... ___ .... _ .... ___ .years .. 160 

Litter .... _ ..•............. _ .................. _ ..... _ .. _._ .... _ .. _. __ ._._ Light. 

TowNSHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 11 EAsT. 

The brink of Black Mesa traverses thi'l township from southeast to northwest 

and divides the drainage. It would be very difficult and expensive to log, as the 

surface is rough and broken. Timber is chiefly yellow pine, of which 30 per cent is 

of good quality. The white pine, red fir, and white fii· are all of poor quality, and 

are found mainly in the creek bottom. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF . 'fOWNSHIPS. 27 

Stand of timber species in T. 1& N., R. 11 E . . Feet B.M. 

Yellow pine ............................ ~.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 500, 000 

White pine.......................................................... 510,000 

Reel fir ...................................... _ ...................... _ 1, 430,000 

'Vhite fir ........................................................ _... 2, 425, 000 

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 865, 000 

Forest conditions in 1'. 12 N., R. 11 R. 

Average total height ................................................... feet.. 95 

Average height, clear ..........................................•....... do ... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ............. .' ......................... inches.. 16 

Dead ................................................... _. _ ....... per cent.. 2 

Diseased .............................................................. do... 8 

Average age .. _ ................... _ ............ _ ...................... years_ . 150 

Litter .......... · .............. _ ........................................... Light. 

TowNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 11 EAST. 

This township slopes toward the northeast 0 and is drained by East Clearwater 

.Creek. The timber is chiefly yellow pine, which is of very good quality, except 

along the canyons, where it is found with red fir and white fir. It will log to the 

northeast to good advantage, except the small amount which is found in the rough 

canyon. There is some aspen and Gambel oak in the undergrowth. 

Stand of timber species in T. 13 N., R. 11 E. 

Feet B. l\I. 

Yellow pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 500, 000 

Red fir._.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 250, 000 

'Vhite fir ...... · ............................................ _... . . . . . . 1, 250, 000 

Total. .............. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 000, 000 ' 0 

Forest conditions in T. 13 N., R. 11 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet .. 105 

Average heigth, _clear ................................... _ ............. do... 18 

Average diameter, breast-high ..................... 0 ••••••••••• __ ._.inches.. 19 

Dead ....... _·_ .................................................. -.per cent.. 1! 

Diseased ........ · .......................... 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• do... 7 

Average age .. , .......................................... _ .. _ ....... years .. 107 

Litter ............................................................. _. _... Light. 

ToWNSHIP 14 NoRTH, RANGFJ 11 EAsT. 

The surface of this township is steep, rolling, and broken, and the natural outlet 

for the timber is toward the east, but, there being no railroads or water transpoi'tation in this vicinity, it is probable that logging will be done for portable mills located 
28 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK :MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

at convenient places. About 50 per cent of the yellow pine is of good quality, the 

rest being rough and knotty. There is considerable growth of Gambel oak, suitrtble 

only for :fuel and :fencing. There is a light growth of aspen with the undergrowth. 

Stand of species in T. 14 N., R. 11 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ............................................ , _ ....... . 

Gam bel oak ......••.. L .. _ ................................. 6, 825 

Forest conditions in 1: 14 N., R. 11 E. 

Feet B. M. 

62,000,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ..................... ,_ .............. feet.. 85 

Average height, clear ......... , ....................................... cdo... 14 

Average diameter, breast-high ....................................... inches.. 18 

Dead . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . per cent.. 2 

Diseased ............................................................•. do.·.. 10 . Average age ..................... _ ...........•....................•... years. . 170 

Litter .••........................................................... _ .. _. Light. 

TowNSHIP 15 NoRTH, RANGE 11 EAsT. 

Sections 7 to 36, inclusive, of this township are included within the reserve. 

Sections 25 to 36, inclusive, support a :fair growth of yellow pine, mostly of very 

good quality. The remainder is poor'growth of Arizona cypress, of no value except 

for :fuel or :fencing. 

Stand of species in T. 15 N., R. 11 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pi~e .................................. _ ... _ ............. . 

Arizona cypress.... . . .. . . . . . .. . • .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . 6, 500 

Forest conditions in T. 15 N., R. 11 E. 

Feet B.llf. 

21,000,000 

Average total height of yellow pine . , .................. _ ................. feet .. • 85 

Average height, clear ....... ____ -.......... -.... _ ...................... do... 14 

Average diameter, breast-high ......... _ ............................. indies.. 18 

Dead .................................. --...................... ; __ .per cent.. 2 

Diseased .............................................................. do... 12 

Average·age ..................................................... -~ .. years .. 170 

Litter ......................................................... ;'_., ... _... None. 

TowNSHIP 11 NoRTH, RANGE 12 EAsT. 

This township lies mainly to the south o:f Black Mesa and is drained by Tonto 

Creek. The yellow pine is of poor qualitJ:" and very rough and knotty. 

Stand of timber sper:ies in T. 11 N., R. 1PJ E. 

Feet .B. M. 

Yellow pine ..... -.......................... • ....... _ ................. 54, 750, 000 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 29 

Forest conditions in 1'. 11 Jt., R. 12 E. 

Average total·height .................. i ....... -.- .. , .................... feet.. 90 

Average height, clear---- .... -----------.-----·----------:----------- .. do... 14 

Average diameter, breast:high •.. _ .. __ .. _ -.- ..................... : .... inches.. 18 . . Dead ....... _ ............................... _.- .............. _._ .. per cent.. 2 

Diseased ............................ ---- ........ ------------------ .... do... 15 

Average age _·_ ....................................................... years .. 160 

Litter . _. _ .· ........ -.- .................... __ .: ................ _ ........... Light. 

TowNsHrr 12 NoRTH, RANGE 12 EAST. 

This township is mainly upon the summit plateau of the mesa, and has a general 

slope toward the northeast. With the exception of the timber bordering the creeks 

in the canyon, it can be logged very cheaply. The yellow pine is almost all of good 

quality. White fir of poor quality is found ·along the creeks. There is a light 

growth of aspen and Gambel oak in the underbrush. 

Stand of timber spemes in 1'. 12 N., R. 12 E. 

Feet B. iii. 

Yellow pine ...................................................... , . 101, 000, 000 

White fir"-.- .....................•....... " . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 800, 000 

107,800,000 

Forest conditions in T. 19 N., R. 12 E. 

Average total height ................ _ .......... : . .......... ___ .... : .... feet.. llO 

Average height, clear ....... ~ ................. -- ....................... do._. 18 

Average diameter, breast-high ......... _ ..................... __ ._._ .. inches.. 18 

Dead •... _ .... _ ............. _ ... _ ............. ---·-- __ . ___ ......... per cent .. . 1 

Diseased .............................. ~ .... __ ·_·_ ... ; .... ~ ....... -- ... _.do"·· 8 

Average age ............. __ ....... _-_ ... , .· ... _ _-_-_·:_· __ ·_. __ ...... , ....... years .. 150 

Litter ............... : ............. c.: .... _ ........................... __ . Light. 

TowNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 12 EAsT. 

The surface of this township is rolling, with a general slope toward the north. 

The timber will log in that direction. About 60 per cent of the yellow pine is of 

good quality. There is a heavy stand all over the township. Along the creeks 

there is a small sprinkling of red fir, which is generally of poor quality. There is 

t:~ome Gambel oak in the undergrowth. 

Stand of species in T. 18 N., R. 12 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine .• _ .. 

1 

••••••••• --- •• _. _ ••••••••• __ ................... . 

Red L.r .................... _ ......... _ •....... _. _ ..... __ ...... : .. 

Gam bel oak .. _ ............. _ ........ ____ . ___ .. _ ........... 1, 140 

TotaL ......... __ ........... _ ... _ •••.•... _ .. __ ....... 1, 140 

Feet B. 11. 

130,000,000 

750,000 

130,750,000 
30 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Forest cond,ition. in T. 13 N., R. 12 E. 

Average total height of timber trees ....... ~ ..... ___ .. ________ . ____ . : __ .feet.. 115 

Average height; clear_· __ .... _ ........ __ .... __ ............ _ ............. do .. _ 20 

Average diameter, breast high ........................................ inches.. 20 

Dead: ........ ·.·-- ... _: ... __ ........... :· ... _ .......... _ ... ___ ...... per cent:. 1 

Diseased ...... __ .: ......................... __ . 1 ___ ....... : ............ :do... 5 

Average age .. __ ... __ ............... __ ... _ .............. : ............ years .. 155 

Litter . __ ................ __ ........ ~ ....... __ ............ _ .. · ...... ___ .... Light. 

TowNSHIP 14 NoRTH, RANGE 12 EAsT .. 

Sections 3 to 10, 15 to 22, and 25 to 36, all inclusive, arc within the boundaries 

9 

of the reserve. The general slope is toward the northeast and will permit of logging 

to good advantage and very cheaply. .About 40 ·per cent of the yellow pine is of 

good quality. · Gambel oak, suitable for fencing or fuel, is scattered all over the 

township. 

Stand of species in T. 14 N,, R. 12 E. 

Cords. Feet B. l\I. 

Yellow pine ........ __ ... _. __ ......................... _ ..... _ ..... _ . . 40, 250, 000 

Gam bel oak ........... _ ......................... _ -. . . . . . . . . 3, 050 

Fore~t conditions in T. 14 N., R. 12 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine .............. __ ......... _ .. __ .. ____ .. feet.. 90 

Average height,. clear ... __ ...... __ .... __ .· ... ~ ........... __ ..... ! ...... do... 18 

Average diameter, breast high ............................... ___ ..... inches.. 20 

Dead __ .. __ ~-- ... __ ............................................... per cent.. 2 

Diseased .. ---•-- _ : ... __ , ... , ..... ___ ............ , ..................... do... 10 

Average age .· .·, .· .. , . , . _ , ....... , ..................... __ ........... , . , years. . 170 

Lltter ___ ...... , , , ...... _ .................... ! ....... _, .............. __ . . . Light. 

To-\vNSIIIP i5 NoRTH, RANGE 12 EAST. 

Sections 31 to 34; inclusive, arc within the reserve. Yell ow pine is of very 

good quality. 

Stand of species in T. 15 N., R. 12 E. 

Cords. Feet B. M. 

Yellow .pine ...... ·.· ... : .. _· __ .................................. _ ... _ .. 6, 000,000 

Arizona cypress ...... · __ . . . .. . . . .. .. . . ............. _ ......... ~ . 250 

Forest conditions in T. JS N., R. 12 E. 

Average total height of' yellow pine ..................... · ................ feet._ 80 

-Average height, clear .................................................. do ... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ....... __ ................. ~ ... _ .. _ ..... inches._ 16 

Dead ............ · ........................ ____ ..................... per cent.. 2 

Diseased ...... __ ........... ___ ........................... _ ....... __ ... do... 20 

.Average age ...................... __ .. __ ...... ___________ .... __ .. __ .. years .. 160 c 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 23 PL. IV 

A . ALLIGATOR JUNIPER AND YELLOW PINE. 

B. LARGE GROWTH OF ALLIGATOR JUNIPER. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 31 

TowNSHIP 11 NoRTH, RANGE 13 EAsT. 

The brink of Grand Mesa traverses this township from southeast to northwest. 

The timber on the north side can be logged toward. the East Clearwater, and on 

the south it will handle best to the valleys below the rim. Of the yellow pine 

about 40 per cent is of good quality, but is small and rough along the divide. 

There is some Gambel oak ·in the undergrowth. 

Stand of timber species in T. 71 N., R. '73 E. 

Feet B. :M. 

Yellow pine __ . __ .. ________ ..... _________ .. _ .. ____ . ___ .. __ . _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51, 500, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 11 N., R. 1S E. 

Average total height ___ . ___ .................. _ .. __ .......... ____ ....... feet. _ 100 

Average height, clear---------- .. ------------- ___ .. _______ .. ----. __ .... do... 18 

Average diameter, breast high ...... _ .. _ ... _ .... __ .. _ ... _ ..... __ .. _ .. inches.. 17 

~ead ......... _ ....................... : ....... _ ..... ____ .. _ ....... per eent.. 2 

Diseased . _ ............ _ ......................... _ ...... _: ... _ .... __ ..... do.__ 10 

Average age ............................. _ ........................ _ .. years_ _ 150 

Litter .... _ ....•....... __ ........................ _ .............. -·- _. ___ .. Light. 

TowNsHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 13 EAST. 

The surface is steep and rolling, with a general slope toward the north. The 

timber will log best toward the northeast, and, except some along the creeks in the 

canyons, may be handled cheaply. There is a heavy stand of yellow pine all over 

the township, with some white fir along the creeks, which is poor and rough. There 

is some aspen and Gambel oak in the undergrowth. 

Stand of timber species in T. 12 N., R. 13 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ......•................ - -.. -- __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118, 500, 000 

White fir ......... _, .... ---- ..................... _ ....... ---........ 1, 200,000 

TotaL .....•............................................... _.. 119, 700, 000 

Forest condition.s in T. 12 N., R. 13 E. 

Average total height ...... _ ...... _ ...... _ .......... _; .. ___ .... _ ..... -.- .feet.. 125 

Average height, clear ..... _ ... _ .... -- .............................. -.--.do... 20 

Average diameter, breast high .... _ ............. __ . ___ ..... ______ .. __ .inches__ 18 

Dead _______ . ___ ........ __ .. __ .. __ .. __ ....... __ .... __ ...... __ ..... per cent.. 1 

Diseased ....... --------- ... ----.--- ..... ---------- .. :--------------... do... 7 

Average age ......... -- .. --- .. -- ...... ------... ---------- ... _ ........ y<•ars .. 150 

Litter·- ... _ .. -- .. -----.--.---------------.. -- .. ---.--..... -.. ---.--- _ .... Light. 

\ 
' 

·32 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, .ARIZONA. 

TowNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 13 EAsT. 

This township has a gently rolling surface with a general slope toward the 

north, in which direction it can be logged cheaply. The yellow pine is nearly all 

good quality and there is a heavy stand all over the township. There is some 

fair quaking aspen and Gambel oak in the undergrowth. 

Stand of timber species in T. 18 N., R. 18 E. 

Yell ow pine _______ · _. _ . _____ . ________ . _ 

Forest conditions in T. 13 N., R. 18 E. 

.Feet B. M. 

134,000,000 

Average total height __________ •.• _____ ..••. _ .•. _ .... _ • _____ .• _ .. _ . ___ . _feet. . 125 

Average height, clear ____ . _____ ----_ .. ------------- ... ----. ______ . ___ .. do.__ 24 

Average diameter, breast-high ... ____ --- .. ----.----------- __ --, .. __ -_ .inches.. 18 

Dead __ .. _. ___ ••. _ •.. _ .. _ . ____ ." _. ____ .-.-.... -..• ___ •. __ . __ .. _._._per ecnt.. 

Diseased __ .... __ ..•.. _ ..•.••. __ .... __ . __ •.•... _ .•••....• _ ... _. __ .. ___ .do __ _ 

1 

5 

Average age .•... _ .••• : . ___ ..... ___ ...... __ -.••..... _ ... _ . _ .. ____ . ___ years. . 150 

·Litter __ ·_ ............... ~ .•.. __ ...... _ .....•. _ ....•. __ .•... _._ .•.. __ ... _ .. Light. 

TowNSHIP 14 NoRTH, RANGE 13 EAsT. 

Sections 28 to 33, inclusive, of this township are within the boundaries of 

the reserve. ·The surface has a gentle slope toward the north and supports a 

growth' of yellow pine, of which about 33 per cent is of good quality. 

Stand of species in 1'. 14 N., R. 18 E. 

Cords. Feet B. M. 

Yell ow pine ........... __ .. __ .. ___________________ . _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, 000, 000 

Gam bel oak . __ . _ •.•.. __ . __ . __ .. ______ .. _____ . _____ .. __________ 350 

Forest conditions in T. 14 N., R. 13 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine .. ____________ ._. __ . ____________ .. __ .feet.. 80 

Average height, clear .. ____ ------------ ______ ---------------- _______ ... do... 15 

Average diameter, breast-high ___________ . _____ ._ .... _ .. ______ .. ___ ._ inches.. 16 

Dead __ . ___ . ______ . _____ .. _ .. __ . ____ . __ . _____ . ___ ... __ .... ________ per cent.. 2 

Diseased. ___ .. _ .. ___ .. ____ . ________ .. ____ _. __ ._ ... __ .... _. ______ .. _ .... do... 15 

Average age ............... _ ......... , .......... _ .... ----- ........... years .. 160 

. ToWNSHIP 11 NoRTH, RANGE 14 EAST. 

I 

The. greater portion of this township is on the high plateau, having a general 

slope toward the north, and the yellow-pine timber can be handled best in that 

direction, except only the small area below the rim of the mesa. The best of the 

timber is toward the north and is yellow pine, with a sma1l amount of white fir 

along the creeks. 

/ 
Dl<~BCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 33 

Stand of timber species in T. 11 N., R. 14 E. Feet B. l\L 

Yell ow pine ........................................................ · .. . 86, 250, 000 

"'hite fir ..... ~ ................................................... ·... 575,000 

Total. ........... --- ... --- -- - . -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- -- --- .. ' . I . 86,825,000 

Fore.•t conditions in T. 11 N., R. 14 E. 

Average total height ........................................... :;.,·• ...... feet .. · 95 

Average height, clear ...................................... _ ............. do... 15 

Average diameter, breast-high .................. " ............ ~ ..... :.inches,. 17 

J:!cad .• ............................................................ per eent .. · 2 

Diseased ................................ ---.- ................ -.--- ...... do.... 10 

Average age ........... ------ ...... --.-- ..................... · .. -.-·-----Years .. 150 

Litter ................................................................... Light. 

TowNSHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 14 EAST. 

The surface is steep and rolling, with _\L ~encral slope to the north, in which 

direction the timber can be logged ver)r cheaply, e_xcept the few trees bordering the 

creeks. Yellow pine is of good quality and is mixed with white fir of poor quality 

along the creeks. 

Stand of timber species in T. 12 N., R. 14 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ........................................................ 138,000,000 

vVhite fir ............................. ,............................. · 950,000 

Total . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . • . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . . .. • . . . .. .. • .. . 138, 950, 000 

For,sl condit·ions in T. 12 N., R. 14 E. 

Average total height .... __ , ............................................. feet.. 105 

Average height, clear .... , ............................................. do... 16 · 

Average diameter, breast-high ....................................... inches,.' 20 

Dea~-----··--···-----····---···---·-------····-----------····----Per eent.. 2 

Diseased ............................................................... do... 10 

Average age .· .............. ---~ ...................................... years .. 155 

Litter .• , .............................. ; ................................. Light. 

TowNSHIP 13 NoRTH, RANGE 14 EAsT. 

The south half of this township is included within the reserve.· Its general slope 

is toward the north. It can be logged very cheaply. About 50 per cent of the 

yellow pine is of good quality. 

Stand of species in T. 13 N., R. 14 E. 

Cords . 

. Yellow pine ............ _ ............. ___ .. _. __ ..... , __ ... _ . _ .. __ ,. 

Alligator juniper ............... .-.... .. .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . 1, 250 

608-No. 23-04--3 

Feet B. M. 

32,500,000 
34 FOREST CONDITIONS' IN BLACK 1\{ESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Forest cond·itions in T. 13. N., R. 14 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine ...... _ ........... __ . __ ... -- ......... feeL. 90 

A.verage height, clear .... __ .. ___ ....... ______ -- __ .. __ ....... --. -- •... --do·.·. 18 

Average diameter, breast-high . : ........ ____ ~ __ .. __ . __ . __ ·_ ~-- .. .-..... inches__ 18 

Dead ............ __ .... __ .... · .... _. ___ ... __ .... __ ..... _ .... __ . __ .... per cent. . 2 

Diseased ... _ ................ _ ...... _ ................................... do... 15 

Average age .. __ ... _ ... _. _ .... _ .... _ .. _ ... _. _ ............ _. _. _ ....... years .. 150 

Litter. ........ __ , .......... _ .. _._._ .... _._. __ ....... __ ... , .. ___ .: ........ -Light. 

'Tow~smr 1~ NoRTH, RANGE_15 EAsT. 

That portion of this township lying north of the brink of the mesa is .included 

within the reserve. Its. general slope is toward the north and it can be logged to 

very good advantage, although in some areas it will be expensive to handle. About 

40 per cent of the yellow pine is of good quality. 

Stand of specie.~· in T. 11 N.,· R. 15 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine . ____ .... __ · .. ___ . __ .... _ ............ _ ... ". _ ........ __ ., . 

Gam bel oak ........ __ . __ .. __ ............... ____ ... __ , _ .. __ .. 825 

Forest conditions ·in T. 11 N., H. 15 E. 

Feet B. M. 

53,000,000 

Average total height of yellow pine _ ..... __ .............. _ . . . : . ........ feet. . 85 

Average height, clear .. __ .......... _._ ..... __ ......... · ................. do... 14 

Average diameter, breast-high .. _. _ .. _. _. _ .. _ ... -.· .... _ .............. inehes.. 15 

Dead .... -- ... __ · .. _ ...... _ .. __ ...... ___ ..... __ .... __ .. __ ..... , __ .. ·_ per cent. . 3 

Diseased .... _ ... _. ___ . _ ... __ .. _ ..... _ .... _. _. _ .. _. _ ...... _ ....... __ ... do... 17 , I . 

Average age .... _ . ___ .. __ . _ ... _ . _ . _ .. ___ . _ ..... __ .... _ .. _ ...... _ ..... years. . 140 

Litter .. _ ... _ ........ _ .............. _ .............. _ ... _. __ .. _. _ .... _ .... Light. 

TowNsHIP 1'2 NoRTH, RANGE 15 EAsT. 

The surface of this township is gently rolling and sloping toward the northwest 

and northeast, and the timber will handle very cheaply by skid roads to portable 

mills. About 50 per cwt of the yellow pine is of good quality, and there is a heavy 

stand. There· is some Gam bel oak iii the undergrowth. 

Stand of specfes in T. 12 N., R. 15 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine .... _ .. _ •. __ .. _ ...... _ ........... _ ........ ~ ......... . 

Gam bel oak ...... _ . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 750 

Forest conditions in T. 12 N., R. 15 E. · 

Feet B. lii. 

113, 500, 000 

.A verago total height of yellow pine ...... ~ ...... · ........................ feet .• 100 

Average height, clear .................................................. do ... 16 

Average diameter, breast-high ........... ~ ............................. inches.. 18 

Doa<) ........................•...........•........... _ ...... _ ..... per cont.. 2 

Diseased ······c··········----·-··············--······-·····--·····--··do ... 15 

Average age ••.••. -... __ .. _ .... ___ .... ___ •••• __ • _. __ . __ • _ . ___ ••• __ . _ • yeam. . 170 

Litter···················-----------------·-·------------------···-····--·· Light.· 
DESCRIPT10NS OF 'l'OWNSHIPS. 35' 

TowNSHIP 13 NoR'rH, RANGE 15 EAST. 

The south half of this township is included witl~in the reserve .. The surface is 

gently rolling and slopes . toward the north. The yellow pine is of rather poor . quality, but can be logged very cheaply. 

Stand of species ·in '1'. 13 N., R. 15 E. 

Corcls. 

Yellow pine. __ .... ________________ : _____ ._ ............... __ .. _ .. _ 

Alligator juniper.. __ ._ _ _______________________ .. _________ .. 2, 700 

Forest conditions in '1'. 18 N., R. 15 E. 

. l''eet B. 1\!. 

21,000,000 

Average total height of yellow pine __ ... ____ _ : _________ -- ___ . ___________ feet._ 80 

Average height, clear ____ . _______________________ -- _________ . _- _______ .do.__ 12 

Average diameter, breast-high ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ________ ·- _: __________ inches._ 16 

Dead . ____________________________ . __ · _________ .. -.. ___ . _____ . -.- .. __ per cent.. 4 

Diseased._ ..... _ .. __ .... _. __ .. ________ ._ .. ____ ..... ___ ............ ___ .do... 15 

Average age _ . _ . _ .. _ ... _ .. __ .......... _ .... _ .• - _ ..... -.. , .. _ . ________ years_ _ 150 

TowNSHIP '11 NoRTH, RANGE 16 EAsT. 

The surface of this township is steep, rolling, and broken, with a general slope 

toward the north, anP, drains into Heber Creek. It· can best be logged by building 

a railroad up Heber Creek. The yellow pine is nearly all of good quality, and 

stands heavy on the southern portion of the township. There is a very poor growth 

of oak along, the creeks. 

Stand of timber 'lpecies ·in '1'. 11 N., R. 16 E. 

Feet B. M. 

yellow pine -- --- - - - --- - . - -.. - - . --- . -- - - - -- -- .. -.- . - -... -.. -.-<. - . - - 124, 000, ooo' 

Forest conditions ·in '1' . .11 N., R. 16 E. 

Average total height. ............. _ ........ _ .. - ........................ feet.. 95 

Average height, clear .. __ .. _ ............ _ ....... _ .. _ ... __ .. ___ .. __ .. __ .do.__ 18 

Average diameter, breast-high ..... _ ... _ ... _._ _ ... ___ .. _ ...... _ .... inches._ 18 

Dead ....... '_ .. _ .. _ .......... ' .............. : . . _.: ........ _ ....... uer cent.. 2 

· Diseased ...... _ ........ -............... -.... - __ .. __ ... _ .... _ .......... do __ . 1 0 

Average age ..... ___ .................................. ___ ._ ... -....... years .. 180 

Litter .• _ .. __ . _ ....... _. _. ___ . _ .. _ ..... _ ... _ .. ____ . __ . ___ . __ . __ ... ___ .... Light. 

TowNSHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 16 EAST. 

Seetions 1 to 36, inclusive, are within the boundaries of the reserve. The sur~ 

face is steep and rolling, with rocky benches. In Heber Valley the soil is mostly 

clay. There is a fair stand of timber, which is of very poor quality. It is naturally 

tributary to Heber Valley and to the town of Heber, which is located in section 13. 

\-
' 

. ,,..- ,_,-- -· . ., 

36 .FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA 

Stand of s~Jecies in 1'. 12 N., R. 16 E. 

Cords. 

yellow pine ..................................................... .. 

. Alligator juniper............................................. 16,.1300 

Gam bel oak ......... ; ........ , ........ ; . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 875 

Total. ........................................ .- ...... 19,175 

Forest cond·itions in 1'. 12 N., R. 16 E. 

Feet B. M. 

23,250,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ..................................... feet.. 75 

Average height, clear .................................................. do... 12 

Average diameter, breast-high ...................................... .inches.. 16 

Dead ............................................................. per cent.. 5 

Diseased .............................................................. do... 25 

Average age ........................................... · .............. years .. 160 

Litter ...... '. ............................................................ Light. 

TowNSHIP 11 NoRTH, RANGE 17 EAsT. 

The surface of this township is steep, rough, and broken. The yellow-pine 

timber is generally of poor quality, except in the southern part of the township. 

Stand of species in 1'. 11 N., R. 17 E. 

Cords. FcctB.M. 

Yellow pine ..................................................... . 44,000,000 

Alligator juniper........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925 

.Forest conditions in 1: 11 N., R. 17 E. 

Average total" height·of yellow pine ..... , ............................... feet.. 95 

Average height, clear .................................................. dq... 12 

Average diameter, breast-high ................ ., ...................... inches.. 14 

Dead ................................ : . ........................... per cent.. 3 

15iseased .............................................................. do ... 20 

Average age ......................................................... years .. 140 

Litter ............. " .................. : .............. : ................... Light. 

TowNSHIP 12 NoRTH, RANGE 17 EAsT • 

Sections 7 to 36, inclusive, are within the reserve. There Is very little timber, consisting of yellow pine and alligator juniper of very poor quality. 

Stand of specirs in 1'. 12 N., R. 17 E. 

Cords. FcetB.M. 

Yell ow pine ...................................................... . 3,750,000 

Alligator juniper ............................................ 21,250 

Forest cond·itions in T. 12 ~\T., R. 17 E. 

Average total heigl_lt of yellow pine ........ : ............................. feet.. 70 

Average height, clear ............. : .................................... do... 8 

Average diameter, breast-high ....................................... inches.. 16 

Dead ..................................... · .................. · ...... per cent.. P.': 

Diseased .............................................................. do ... 2f? 

Average age ......................................................... years .. 160. 

\ 
DESCRIPTIONS Olf TOWNSHIPS; 37 

TowNSHIP 11 NoRTH, RANGE 18 EAST. 

The general slope of this township is toward the noi·th and the surface is 

very steep and rolling. In the southern portion of the township about 50 per cent 

of the yellow pine is of good quttlity; the rest is very poor and is mixed with a 

growth of alligator jqniper and Gambel oak, which is valuable only for fuel. 

Stand of species in '1'. 11 N., R. 18 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ......•...................... , ....................... . 

Alligator juniper ............................................. _. 5, 250 

Gam bel oak ................................... : . ............ 1, 900 

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 150 

Forest conditions ·in T. 11 N., R. 18 E. 

Feet B. M. 

42,750,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ..................................... feet.~ 85 

Average height, clear •................................................. do... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ........................................ inches .. 16 

Dead ................................................ ···.· ......... p.er cent.. 3 

Diseased ............................................................... do... 20 

Average age ......................................................... years .. 155 

Litter ................. , ................................................. · Liglit. 

TowNSHIP 12 Nou'fH, RANGE 18 EAsT. 

The south half of this township i:-J included within the reserve. The surface 

1s gently sloping toward the north. Most of the area is open grazing land, with 

some scattering· yellow pine and alligator juniper. 

Stand of species in T. 12 N., R. 18 E. 

Cords. Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ........................ ·_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75~, 000 

Alligator juniper ... _ ..... _ .......... _ ......................... 2, 175 

Forest condition.~ ·in T. l2 N., R. 18 EAverage total height of yellow pine ..................................... feet.. 80 

Average height, clear ..................... · ....................... · ..... cdo. .. 8 

Average diameter, breast high ....................................... inches.. 16 

Dead ......... : ................................................... per cent·. . 5 

Diseased .............................................................. do:.. 25 

Average age ............. -.- ................ · .......... · ...........•..•. years,. ·170 

Litter ............................... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light. 

TowNSHIP 10 NoR'l'H, RANGE 19 EAST. 

The brink of Black Mesa traverses the township from southeast to northw~st, . 

and forms the boundary line between the forest reserve and the White Mountain 

Reservation. About 50 per cent of the yellow pine is of good quality, and will 

handl~ best north~vard. 
38 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BL.ACK MES.A RESERVE, .ARIZONA. 

Stand of species in z: 10 N., R~ 19 E. 

Cords. Feet B. 1\f. 

Yellow pine ......... ·_ ........................................... . 

GamlJel oak ...... ·_.: ............................ _ .......... 7, 950 I 

Forest conditions 1:n 1: 10 N., R. 19 E. 

31,500,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ...............................•. __ .. feet.. 90 

Average height, dear ........... · ................................. _ .. '_ .. do... 10 

Average diameter, lJreast. high ... _. _ ... __ ..... _ ..... _ ... __ ... __ ... _ .. inches.. 20 

·Doa·d .. : ........ _ . _ . _ . _ . _ ... _ .. _ .... _ .. ·_ .. _ ... _ . _ ... __ .. __ ... _ ..... per cent.. 2 

Disea~ed ........ _. ___ . _ .. '- .......... __ . --- ...... ___ .................. do ... 15 

Average age . _ . 

Litter .... ~-

__ . ___ ... _ . __ . _ .. _ .... _ ...... years. . 180 

___________ . ------------------------------- Light. 

TowNSHIP 11 NoRTH, RANGI<J 19 EAsT. 

The Sl;rface JS rolling and is broken with deep canyons along the creeks in 

the northern portion of the township. The general slope is toward ·the north, 

a~1d the timber will have to be handled in that direction. Yellow pine is nearly 

all small growth and of poor quality. 

Gambel oak, which follow the creeks. 

There ·is some alligator juniper and 

Stand o.f specieH 111. T. 11 1.Y., R. 1.9 Ji' • . 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine .. _ ·_ ............... _ ................................. . 

Alligator juniper .... _ ..... _ .................... _ ...... _.... 5, 550 

Gam bel oak . . .. -.................... _.............. 6, 425 

Total 11,975 

For-est condit·ions ·in T. 11 N., R. 19 B. 

Feet B. 111. 

25, 750,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ..................................... feet.. 80 

.Average height, clear .................................................. do... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ... _ .... _ ........ __ .... _. __ ... _ ... __ ... inches.. 16 

Dead .................................................. _ ... __ ... _.per cont.. 5 

Diseased .............................................................. do... 20 

Average age . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. ................... years._ 160 

Litter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. Light. 

TowNSHIP 10 NoL{TH, RANGE 20 EAsT. 

The greater portion of this township lies north of the brink of the mesa and 

is included within the forest reserve. Its general slope is toward the north, but the 

surface is very rough, and the timber will be very expensive to handle. Only 33 

per cent of the yellow pine is of good quality. There js some alligator juniper and 

Gambol oak, which is fit only for fuel or fencing. 

I 
-DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 

Stand of species in 1'. 10 N., R. 20 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine ........ c •••••••••••••••• _______ •••••••••• • •••••••••••• 

Alligator juniper_._ .. __ . ____ ... _. __ . ______ . _______ .. __ ._ .. _ 1, 425 

Gam bel oak _ .. __ . _ .. _ .. __ . _. ___ .. ______________ . __ . __ . _. _ _ 8, 850 

Total .... _ ....... ____ .... __ .. ____ . ___ . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 10, 275 

Forest condition.s in T. 20 N., R. 20 E. 

Feet B. M. 

46,000,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ........ _ .......... __ ............ _ ... feet._ 90 

AYcrage height, elcar . _ .... _ .. _ ... _ .................................... do.__ 14 

Average diameter, breast high ................. : ...................... inches._ 17 

Dead ........................................ : .................. _. per cent._ 3 

Diseased ....................................................... __ ..... do_ . . HI 

Average age ................... -....................................... years,_ 170 

Litter ...................................... _ ...................... _ .. _ ... Light. 

TowNSHiP 10 NoRTH, RANGE 21 EAST. 

39 

The gt~lH)ral slope of this township is toward the north. The timber it> generally 

small and rough, the best yellow pine being along the creek. 

Stand of species in T. 10 N., R. 21 R. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine .. _ ................. _ ............•. _ ..... _ .... __ . __ .. _ 

Alligator juniper........................................... 8, 575 

Gam bel oak .. _ .. , .. _ ............... _. _. _ ...... _ ....... _ .. _ 2, 825 

TotaL ...... _. _ .. ·_ . _ .. _ . __ .. ____ ........ __ ........ _ . _ 11, 400 

Forest conditions ·in 7'. 10 N., R. 21 E. 

Feet B. M. 

23,250,000 

Average total height of yellow pine .... _ .. _ ... __ . __ ... _ ....... __ ....... _feet.. 75 

Average height, clear _______ ........ _ .... __ .... _. ___ .. _ .. ---·._ .... _ ... clo... 10 

Average qiameter, breast high ........................... · ............. inches.. 16 

Dea(l .............. _ .•...... _ ............................. _ .. _ ..... per cent.. 3 

Disease( l __ ...................... -...... -........................... _ ... do. . . 20 

Average age .......................... , ........ _ ...................... years .. 165 

Litter ................................................... : ............... Light. 

ToWNSHIP 9 NoRTH, RANGE 22 EAST. 

The bQtmda~·}r between the forest reserve1 and White Mountain Indian Reservation traverses this township from northeast to southwest. That portion ~ontainetl 

within the forest reserve is nearly level and slopes toward the north. The yellow 

pine is all of poor quality, except some .good trees standing in the ravines. There 

is a small sawmill in operation in sections 25 and 26, having a capacity of about 

5,000 feet per day~-
40 FOREST' CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Stand of species in T. 9 N., R. 22 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine . __ . __________ ·- ____ ..... __ ... _ . __ . _ ... __ . _ ... _ ... __ ... 

Alligator juniper. .... · ____ . ___ . _ . __ . . _ . __ . _ .. __ . _ . _ . __ . _ . _ _ _ 2, 650 

Gambel oak---··----·····---··-···--····---··-·--·-··--·-·· 4, 700 

Total ... : .... _ ...... ___ ..... _ ..... ____ .. ___ ._ .. _ ...... 7, 350 

Forest conditions in T. 9 N., R. f!2 E. 

Feet B. JII. 

25,750,000 

Average total height of yellow pine .. _ ............................... __ .feet.-. 80 

Average height, clear ........................... ·---~-------····:-~.-~.do ... 16 

Average diameter, breast high ...... _ ..... _ .. · .......... , " .......... cinches.. 16 

Dead ............................... __ ................ · ..... · .... · ... per cent.. 5 · 

Diseased .............................................................. do ..• 20 

Average age •.................................... _ .................... years .. 160 

Litter .....• ~ ... _ .............. _ ................... _ ......... ~. _ ..... _ ... Light. 

TowNSHIP 10 NoRTH, RANGE 22 EAST. 

The eastern p~rtion of this township is almost level, with some rolling land on 

the west. All the timber stands in the so~thwestern portion, ~nd is generally of 

poor quality. 

Stand of speCies in T. 10 N., R. 22 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine .. _ ........................... _ ..... _ ...... _ ...... __ .. 

Alligator juniper ......... : .................................. 3,025 

Gambel oak····-···--·················-·········· .......... 1,850 

Total. .. _ ..... _ .... _. _ .... _ .... _. _ ......... _ ......... _ 4, 875 

Forest conditions in T. 10 N., R. 22 E. 

Feet B. llf. 

10,000,000 

Average totai height of yellow pine .... · ..... _ ..... __ .......... _ .... _ .... feet.. 80 

Average height, clear .• _ ............. _ ............ _ .......... __ ........ do.:. 12 

Average diameter, breast high ....... _ ......... _ ... _. _ ... _ .. _ .... _ ... inches.. 16 

Dead .. ___ ...... _ ... ___ . · ... _ ... _., .. __ ......... -.- _ ... _ ..... _ ...... per cent._ 4 

Diseased ..................................................... : ........ do ... 15 

Average age .. -- .............................. _ ....... · ..... _ ....... _ .. years .. 160 

Litter .. ' ....... _. _. _. _ ....... _. _. __ ·_ ... _ .· .. _ ...... _ .................. _. _. Light. 

TowNSHIP 8 NoRTH, RANGE 23 EAsT. 

A. strip along the northern side of this township is included within the reserve. 

It slopes gen,tly toward the north and supports a heavy growth of yellow piue, of 

which 50 per cent is of good quality. 

Stand of species in T. 8 N., R. 28 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine .. ------ ........................................ __ ._ .. . 

Gam bel oak ..... _ ... _ ............ _ ................ __ ...... _ 2, 700 

Feet B. llf. 

16,250,000 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 23 PL. V 

A. GROVE OF ASPEN. 

B. LIVING AND DEAD CYPRESS. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. ·. 41 

Forest conditions in T. 8 N., R. 28 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine _ .. _____ ...... _ ... _ ........... _ .. _ , __ feet.. 90 

Average height, clear _______ . __ ..... ___ . ____ ._. ___ .---- ... _--------··._ .. do... 16 

Average diameter, breast high ... _. _________ . _____ ---~ ...... ---· ..... inches.. 20 

Dead ______________________ . ________ . ___ ... _ . _ ... ___ . _. __ .. _ ... ___ per cent.. 2 

Diseased __ .......... _ ... _ ... _ ..... ___ ... _ ..... ~ ... _ ................... do .. - 10 

Average age _ . _ . _ . ___ . __ . __ .... _ . _ . _ . _____ ... _ .. , .. ___ _. _ ... _ ..... ___ . years. • 180 

Litter _____ ... _ ... _ . ___ -·- ... _ ...... _. _ ... _ .............. -....... _. _ ... _ ... Light. 

TowNSHIP 9 NoRTH, RANGE 23 EAST. 

This township has a gentle slope toward the northwest, and is drained by Showlow Creek. There is a good growth of yellow-pine timber of good quality, which 

can be logged very cheaply to the west. 

Stand of species in T. 9 N., R. 23 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ............ _ ................... _,_ ...... _ ........... .. 

Gam bel oak . ___ . _ . ____ . _ ... _ . _ ... __ . __ . __ .. _ ... ___ ... ___ . _. 5, 525 

Forest conditions in T. 9 N., R. 23 E. 

• 

Feet B. M. 

96,500,000 

Average total height of yellow pine_, __ ...... _________ ...... ~_ ...... _ ... feet .. 125 

Average height, clear.----- .. __ ...... ______ .----- .... ----- ___ ------ .... do... 24 

Average diameter, breast high- ........ _. _ . _- ......... _ ............. _.inches.. 18 

Dead ____ . _. ___ ~. _. __ ... __ . _ ..... _. _ ... __ ...... _. __ . ~ ____ .. _ .. __ ... per cent.. 1 

Diseaseci ................ _ ................. -............... _·_ ....... _ .. do... 10 

Average age.---·--. ___ ... ----.·; __ ....... _____ .. __ .. __ --- ..... -- ___ .. years .. 150 

Litter _. _. _ ....... _ ................. -..... -.- ...... _·. ___ ............ _ .... Light. 

Reproduction ..................................................... _ . . Excellent. 

TowNSHIP 9 NoRTH, RANGE 24 EAST. 

The generaf slope of the surface is toward the north and west. On the eastern 

si.dc arc several buttes. Excepting the north tier of sections, there is a heavy 

growth of yello~v pine, which can be logged very cheaply. 

Stand of species in T. 9 N., R. 24 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine .... _. _ ... __ ... _. __ . · ..... __ ... _ ... _ . ___ . _ . _ ... ______ .• 

Alligator juniper. ... _. ___ ._ ........ _ ..... ___ ._ .. : ___ .. __ .... 1, 050 

Gam bel oak .•.... _. _ ... _ ............. _ .... -.. _. _ .. _. _. _ ... 6, 950 

TotaL ...... _ . _ ... __ ........ _ ... _ . _ .. -....... __ . __ . _ . 8, 000 

Feet B. ~I. 

102,500,000 
42 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Forest conditions in T. 9 N., R. 24 E. 

Average total hoi.:;ht of yellow pine - __ .. -.. --.-- ... -.- .............. -... feet.. 00 

Average height, clear .. _ ..... _ .. -.. -.-- .. -.---.- .. -.-.-.- .. -- .... -- .. -.do... 16 

Average diameter, bre:;tst high,._._._ .. -.-_-.- .. -.. -- ......... -.... -.. in<:hes.. 20 

.Dead ......... _ ..... _. _ ... __ . _. _ . _. _ ... ____ ,. _. __ ._ , __ ...... , _ .. ,_ .. per cent.. 2 

Diseased ... ___ .. __ .......... --:.~.-·····- ... -·---.-.···--.---.·--- ... -...... do .. _, 10 

Average age .. _ ........ _ ..... _ ... _ .. _: .. __ .... -. _ .. -.. · .. _. ___ ... ______ .years .. 180 

Litter ......... __ .. _ ... ---···._ .... ----.·--.· _ .. -- -.---.·- ....... _ .... __ . ___ Light. 

Reproduction ___ ... _ .. _ ..... _ .... _ ... -. __ .. -..... _. __ .-. - _ _- .. __ ... : _ _ Excellent. 

TowNSHIP 9 NonTH, RANGE 25 EAsT. 

Almost the entire surface of this -township is rough and mountainous. The 

best of the yellow-pine timber. is to the south. 

Stand of 8pecie.~ ,;,n T. 9 l'l., R. 2/j l!J. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine .... _ ....... _ . _ .. - __ ... _. _ _ - ____ . - . - _ . - _ - _ .. - __ .. _ . _ . 

\Vhite pine .. _ .. _ ..... _. __ .. _ .. _. _ ... ____ .. ____ . _. __ . ____ .. -.... --

White fir .. __ ... _ .. _ ... __ . ____ . _. _.' _ .. _ . __ .. _. __ ... __ . ___ . _. _ _ .. 

Engelmann Hit~""UCe ___ ... _ .. _ .. _ . __ ... ____ . - . -.. _ . __ .. ___ . __ . __ ... _ 

Alligator juniper .. _ .. _._._ .. _. _ .. _ .. _ ... __ .. _. __ .. _ .... _ .·. _. 550 

Gam bel oak . _. __ . _ .. _. __ . _ .. _ .. __ .. _ ..... __ .. _. __ ... _ ... _. 6, iiOO 

Total. . _ . _ . __ . _ .. ____ .. - _ . _ .. - _ . -.. -..... - . -.. -. -.. - - - 7,050 

Forest conditions ·in 1: .9 N., R. 2.5 ,E. 

Feet B. M. 

51,250,000 

350,000 

4,500,000 

326,000 

56,425,000 

Average total height of timber treeA .. _ .. _. ___ . _. __ .. __ ... _. __ . _ .. _. ____ .feet._ 80 

Average height, clear ....... _ .. _. __ . _. __ . ____ .. _. _ ... _ .. _ ... __ ...... _ .. do .. . 12 

}_ verage diameter, breast high __ ... _. _. _. -.- ..... ·,. ____ .. _ . _. __ . _. ___ .inches.. 16 

Dead ___ ... ___ ..... __ .. _. __ . _ . ., .... __ . _ . _ _ . _. __ .. ___ .. _. __ ._. __ .per cent.. 2 

Diseased .... ··-- ______ .. ___ ._ ... _ ... ____ ---- ____ ...... _. __ . __ . ___ .... do ... 10 

A vorage age - _ . _ - . _ .... -_ .. -. __ .. _ . _ .. _ .. _ . _ . __ . _ . ___ .. - __ . _ ..... ___ years.. 155 

Litter .. _- _. _. _- __ .- __ ... --.-.- .. _ .. - .... - ___ . _. __ .. - _- _. ______ . __ . _. __ .. Light. 

TowNSIIIP 6 NoRTH, RANGE 26 EAsT. 

The northeastern portion of this township is included within the reserve and is 

very steep, rough, and mountainous, lying on the east slopes of Ord Peak and 

Mou~t Baldy, and is at the headwaters of Little Colorado River. 

Stand of timber species in T. 6 N., R. 26 E. 

White pine _ ................... _ ....... _ . _ .... __ .... _ .... _. __ . __ . _ .. . 

Red fir .............. __ ... _ ....... __ . _ . _ . _ . __ . _ . __ .... _ .. _ . ____ ..... . 

White fir ............. : ............................................. . 

Engelmann spruce . · ......... _ ........................... _ ........... . 

Feet B. M. 

250,000 

500,000 

250,000 

21,250.000 

Total .............................. ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 250, 000 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 43 

Fore.qt conditions in T. 6 N., R. 26 E. 

Average total height .. _________________________________________________ feeL _ 90 

Average height, clear _____ .. ___________ . _____ . _______ . _______________ .. do___ 15 

Average diameter, breast high ____ . ______________ . __________________ .inches._ 16 

Dead .. ______________________ . _________________________ . _________ .per cent.. h 0 

Diseased __ . _ . _____ . ________ . ___________ . _ _ _ _ _ ____ . ___________________ do_ _ _ 25 

Average age _. _ ... _______________ : _____ .. __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ ___________ years .. 125 

Litter. __ .: _____ .,. _____ . ___ ... __________ .. ______ . _ .. _____________ . _____ Medium. 

TowNSHIP 8 NoRTH, RANGE 26 EAST. 

The divide between the drainage of Little Colorado and Gila rivers traverses 

thi~ township from southeast to northwest, and is ,the boundary line between the 

forest reserve and the White Mountain lndian Reservation. The surface is broken 

and mountainous and supports a scattering growth of yellow pine, red fir, and 

Engelmann spruce of little value. 

Stand of t·imba species in T. 8 N., R. 26 E. 

Feet B. i\l. 

Yellow pine __ , _ ~ ______ . ___ . _. __ . __________ . ___ .. _____________________ ~-l, 500, 000 

Red fir . ___ , __________________ .. _______ . __ . _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 000, 000 

Engelt11ann spruce ________ : __ . ______________________________ .. _________ 1, 500, 000 

TotaL ___ .. __ : ______ .. ___ ... ____________________________________ 7, 000, 000 

Forest conditions i.n '1'. 8 N., R. 26 E. 

Average total height ______ . _____ .. ___________ :. __________ : _____________ feet.. 75 

Average height, clear _______ . ___ . _________ .. _. __________ ; ____________ .. do .. _ 7 

Average diameter, breast high _______________________________________ inches__ 14 

Dead ____ . __ .. __________ . _. _________ . ___ .. __ . __________ . ________ · __ per cent._ 3 

Diseased. ________________ . _____ . ______ . ________ ._. __ . _______ ._. ______ .do.__ 17 

Average age ..... _____ . ___ .... __ .. ________________________ . _________ .. years .. 140 

Litter ________ . ____ . ____ . _. _ .. ____ ... ___ . ____ . ________ . __ . _____ . _________ Light. 

TowNsHIP 9 NoiaH, RANGJ<j 26 EAST. 

Almost ,the entire surface of this township is steep and bro.ken, with a general 

slope toward the north. With the exception of the north tier of sections, it supports 

a fair growth of yellow pine, of which 5i) per cent is of good quality. 

Stand of. species in T. 9 N., R. 26 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine ________ . ________ : __________ . _______ . _____ . _____ .. ___ . 

Red fir _________ . _____________________ . _____ . __ . __ . _________ .. _ . __ 

Alligator juniper ________________________ . ___________________ 1, 0-50 

Gam bel oak _______________ .. _______________________________ 3, 075 

Total. _______________ . __ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4, 125 

Feet B. i\l. 

45,250,000 

3,750,000 

49,000,000 
44 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Forest cond'itions in T. 9 N., R. 26 E. 

Average total height of timber trees .......••.....•....•................. feet.. 85 

Average height,.clear .................................................. do... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ..... , ................................. inehes.. 18 

Dead ............................................................. per cent.. . 2 

Diseased .............................................................. <lo.. . 20 

Average age .......................................................... years .. HiO 

Litter .••......................................•................ · ...... : . . . Light. 

TowNSHIP 1 NoRTH, RANGE 27 EAsT. 

This township is all very rough and mountainous ai,J.d is drained by Eagle Cr~ek, 

which is of no value as a logging stream. 

Stand pi timber species in T. 1 N., R. 27 E. 

Feet B. 1!. 

Yellow pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 210, 000 

White pine .......................................................... 61, 50Q, 000 

White fir.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 000 

TotaL ........................... · ................. · .......... · ... 62, 768, ooo 

Forest conditions in '1'. 1 N., R. 27 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet .. 100 

Average height, clear .................................................. do.'-. 16 

Average diameter, breast high ..... : ................................. .inches.. 16 

Dead .................. -........................................... percent. . 2 

Diseased ..................... _·_ .. : ........................ _·_ ......... do... 8 

Average age .. , ......... : .. -~ ....... __ ................................ years .. 130 

Litter--=-.,, ....... ~-- .... : ........................... -.- ................. Light. ., 

TowNSHIP 2 NoRTH, RANGE 27 EAST. 

This township is very rough and broken and is well ;vatercd by Eagle Creek 

and its tributaries. Th9re is a .rather scattering growth of yellow pine along 

the creeks, which will be very expensive to handle. 

Stand of timber species in T. 2 N., R. 27 E. Feet B.l\f. 

Yellow pine ...................... : ... : ..... : ........................ 12,000,000 

I 

Forest conditions in T. 2 N., R. 27 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet .. 125 

Average height, clear .. ~ ..................................... .- ......... do... 20 

Average diameter, breast high.· .............................. -.- ...... inehes.. 20 

Dead ........................................................•..... per cent.. 2 

Diseased ....................................... : ...................... do... 10 

Average age ....................................................... ~.years.. 140 

Litter ................................................................... Light. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 45 

TowNSHIP 3 NoRTH, RANGE 27 EAsT. 

The greater portion of this township is on the Blue Mountain plateau, which 

forms the divide between Salt River and Eagle Creek. It ·supports a heavy 

stand of timber, which will be very expensive and difficult to handle.-

Stand of timber lipecies in '1'. 3 N., R. 27 E. 

Yellow pine ...... _____ ..... __ : ____ . _. ______ ~ ____ . ________ . ______ . _ 

'Vhite pine __________ . _____________________________ . ____ . __ . ________ _ 

Red fir _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ -_________ . ___________ , _______________ . ______ _ 

'Vhite fir ____________ -. _----------------.------------.-------------- Engelmann spru~.:e _________________________________ . ___________ · ____ _ 

Feet B . .M. 

30,750,000 

8,000,000 

8, 750,000 

8, 750,000 

72, 750, ·ooo 

Total ___________________________________ . ____________ . __ . _ _ _ _ _ 129, 000, 000 

Forest conditions in 1'. 3 N., R. 27 E. 

Average total height __________ : ____ . ____ . ________ . ______ ... c.·-----·--- __ feet._ "90 

.Average height, clear ___________ . ________________ . ___ .. ______________ ._ .do.__ 13 

Average diameter, breast high _____________________ . ____________ ._._.inches._ 20 

Dead ------ _ --------- __ . ______________________ . __ . -.- ____________ .. per eent.. 4 

Diseased . ________ . ________ . _. _. _________ .. ___________ . ________ -___ . ____ do_.. 10 

Average age. _______________________ . ________ : __ .. -.--~--~: ___ .. ______ .years._ 130 

Litter_~._ .. ______ ._. ________ ._. _______ . __ · ____ . ____ .. ____ .. _________ . _____ J"ight. 

TowNSHIP 4 NoRTH, RANGE 27 EAsT. 

The east five-twelfths of this township is included within the resen•e. The 

surface i:-; very rough and the timber will be difficult and expensive to handle. 

About 50 per cent of the yellow pine is of good quality, but the white pine and 

red fir are poor. There i:-; some alligator juniper in the undergrowth. 

Stand of timber species in 7'. 4 N., R. tii E. 

Feet B. l\L 

Yell ow pine __ . _ ... ________ . _ .. ______ ...... _____ . ___ ..... :. _____ . _ _ _ _ _ 69, 250, 000 

White pine _____ . __ ._. ___ . ____ . __ .. __ . ____ . __ . ________ .. __ .... __ . ___ . 2, 100, 000 

Red fir - - ___ . __ . - .. - _______ -..... ___ .. -... - _____ ... _ .. ____ . _____ . _ _ _ _ 2, 800, 000 

TotaL . _ - _ .. _- ____ ... _ . _ .. _____ ... __ . _. _______ . _ .. _____ ... _ .. _ _ 7 4, 150, 000 

Forest coud·itions in T. 4 N., R. 27 E. 

Average total height .. _ ... ____ . __ ..... ___ ...•.. __ .. ____ .... _ ... __ .... __ feet._ 120 

Average height, clear ________ . _____________ . ______ .. ___ . ___ . ___ _-______ ~do_._ 30 

Average diameter, breast-high ______ .. __ . ___ , __ .. _________________ ... inches.. 18 

Dead - --- -- -.- .. _ . --. -- ___ - __ .. _ . - _______ - __ -- ____ . _ .. __ .. ___ . ____ per cent.. . 1 

Diseased .. _- __ .. _. ______ . __ ... _____ .. _. ______ . _______________ . ___ . __ .. do.__ 10 

Average age_-_ .. __ . ___ - _______ .. __ . _________ ... _______ . ____ . ___ .. __ ._ years._ 120 

Litter _. _- --. -.- ______ . _ . __ . _____ . _ . _ .. _ . _ . _____ . __ .... ____ . ___ .. __ . ____ . Light. 
46 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MERA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

TowNSHIP 5 NoRTH, RANGE 2'7 EAST. 

The east half of this township is included within the reserve. The surface 

IS steep, rolling, and broken, and supports a heavy growth of yellow pine of good 

quality. Other timber is small and poor. 

Stand of timber species in T: 5 N., R. 27 E. 

Feet B. l\I. 

Yellow pine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78, 750, 000 

Whit_e pine _____ .. _____ ..... _ ..... _ .. ___ . _____ .. _____________ . ______ . 625, 000 

Red fir. ________ . .. _______ ....... _ . _______ . _ . _ ... __ ....... __ .. . 4, 500, 000 

Engelmann spruce .... _____ ....... __ .............. ___ . _ .... __ .... _ . . . 250, 000 

TotaL ... __ .. __ ...... _ .... ___ .... __ ... __ .... __ ..... _ .. . .. .. . .. . 84, 125, 000 

.Forest conditions in 1: 5 N., R. 27 E. 

Average total height ............ _ ........ _ .. __ . ___ ....... __ .... _-~- ..... feet.: 120 

Average height, clear ............... __ .................. _ .............. do... 24 

AYerage diameter, breast-high .... _ ..... _ ............ _ .... ___ ........ inches._ .18 

Deac! ... ____ ..... ___ . __ ... _ ... _. __ ......... _ ...... _ ............ __ .per cent.. 2 

Diseased _ ........ _. ___ .... _ ................ __ ... __ . __ ... _ ............ do... 10 

Average age ... __ ·_ ......... __ ............ _ . _ ........ _ ....... ___ ...... years. . 150 

TOWNSIIIP. 6 NORTH, RANGE 2'7 EAST. 

Sections 1 to 15, inclusive, the north half of sections 16, 17, and 18, sections 

_22 to 27, inclusive, and sections 34, 35, and 36 are within the boundaries of the 

reserve. The surface i;, all broken and mountainou~, and the timber is of very 

poor quality. 

Stand of timber species ·in T. 6 N., R. 27 E. 

Feet B. l\I. 

Yellow pine ........... -... __ .............. _ ................. _ ....... 12, 000, 000 

White pine ........ _ ............................. __ .. _ .... _ ..... _.... 1, 250,000 

Red fir. ___ ............. - ..... , ...................... _ ... __ .... _ ..... 14, 500, 000 

White tir ...... _ ....... _ ... _ .... _.... .. __ ..... _____ .. _ ........ _..... 1, 000, 000 

Engelmann spruce. ____ .. __ .. _- ____________ ._ .... _ .... ___ ...... _____ 19, 250, 000 

TotaL - -.. ________ -.. ___ - .... __ . _ ·_ .. - ____ ... _____ .......... :.. . 48, 000, 000 

Ji'orest cond·itions in T. 6 N., R. 27 E. 

Average total height ______ .. ___ .. __ .............. __________ ... ____ .. _ .feet.. 70 

Average height, clear ____________________ -----------------------------do ... 11 

Average diamete,r, breast-high ________ ... ____ ............. _. ___ . ___ .. inches._ 20 

Dead .. _ .. _ .. -.. _____ . _ ...... _ . _ ... _ .... _ .. . . . _ ... __ --- .... _ .. ____ per cent. _ 2 

Diseased ______ .. __ . __ . _. _____ . _. _. _ .. ___ . ______ . _. ___ . ______ . __ . _____ .do .. _ 10 

Average age .. _____ -·- __ .... _ .... ____ ..... ________ .. ________ ... _______ years__ 130 

Litter ______ .. _ . ______ .... _ ... _____ .... ______ .. _ . _____ , ____ .... __ . _ .. _ __ _ Light. 
DESCRIPTIONS UF TOWNSHIPS. 47 

TowNSHIP 7 NoRTH, RANGE 27 EAST. 

The surface is very broken and mountainous. It supports a scattering growth 

of yellow pine, red fir, and white fir. About 40 per cent of the yellow pine is of 

good quality. 

Stand o.f timber .specie.~ ·in 1'. 7 N., R. 27 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ... ____ . __ .................. ---. __ .. ___ .. __ .---.----- .••• 17,750,000 

Red fir_ .. _ ..... _ ...................................... _............. 3, 000, 000 

White fir_ __ . _____ . __________________ . ___ . _____ .. _. _. ___________ •• __ . 1, 500, 000 

Total. _ ... ____ ... _ ... _ : .. ____ .. _ ... __ ... ____ . __ .: ....... ___ ... _ 22, 250, 000 · 

Forest conditions in T. 7 N., n. 27 E. 

Average total height ..... _ ...................................... : .. __ .. feet .. 110 

Average height, clear ................................ ~ ........ __ ....... do. . . 18 

Average diameter, breast-high ....... __ ............. __ ... __ .... __ . __ .inches.. 26 

Dc::.cl _ ................... _ ............................... _ ......... per cent.. 2 

Disease<! . _· _ ......................... _ ... _ ..................... __ ...... do_ _ _ 18 

Average age ....... _ .. __ ._ ..... _ ..................................... years .. 185 

Litter .............. _ ..... _ ...... : ............................. , ......... Light. 

TowNSHIP 8 NouTH, RANGE 27 EART. 

The surface is all steep, rolling, and broken, draining towar;d the northeast, 

and supports a very scattering growth of yellow pine, with a very few red fir and 

Engelnmnn spruee of no value. There is a considerable growth of aspen, alligator 

juniper, and Gambel oak in the undergrowth. 

Stand of specie.~ ·in T. 8 N.,_ R. 27 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine ........ _ ... _ . _: ....................... _ ......... _ ... . 

Alligator juniper ..... ___ ..................................... _ 475 

Forest conditions in '1'. 8 N., R. 27 E. 

Feet B. J\1. 

19,250,000 

Average total height of yellow pine ........ __ .. _ ............. , .. :._ ..... feet.. SO 

Average height, clear ---------------------------------------------------do ... 10 

AYcrage diameter, breaFt high ............ , ... _ .................... _.inches.. 20 

Dead ............................................................... per cent. . 4 

Diseased .............................................. : ................ do... 20 

Average age .............................................. __ .. ___ ...... years ... 180 

Litter ................................................ · ... _ .............. __ Light. 

TowNsHIP 1 NoRTH, RANGE 28 EAsT. 

All of this township lie;; upon the slopes of Red Peak, which reaches an etevati<?n of 9,250 feet in section 17. The drainage is into Eagle Creek and Blue 

River. The. surface is very broken and mountainous. ·It supports a fair stand of 

yellow pine, white pine, and white fir, all of poor quality. There is some alligator 

juniper and Emory oak in the undergrowth. 
/ 

48 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Stand of timber species in T. 1 N., R. 28 E. 

Feet B. 1I. 

Yell ow pine ________________________ . ___________ . _- - _ . ___ --- . - _-- __ - - 32, 250, 000 

White pine _____ . ______________________________ . __ -----.------------. 5, 675, 000 

'Vhite fir _______ ; ______________________________ ... ______ . _ -- _- __ -'- __ - . ;!, 500, 000 

Total ________________________________________ .. ___ . __________ - _ 40, 425, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 1 N., R. 28 E. 

Average total height_ . _______ . _ . ______ ------ _ -. ---- ---- -----. -- _- __ --._feeL _ 115 

Average height, clear_----·- _____ ----.---_-----------------.-_----- .. _ ... do.-_ 18 

Average diameter, breast high. ________________ .... _-. ___ .... ________ .inches._ 18 

Dead .. _____________________ --- ... -_- __ -----._- __ ------------_-- ___ .per cent._ 2 

Diseased----_------ ___ --------------_------------------------------ __ .do.__ 8 . Average age. ______ . ____________ --_-- __ -.----.-_--------- __ .. -- _____ -.years._ 140 

Litter ________________ • _________ -._--_-_- .. --- ... --_-----.--.--._-_ Light. 

TowNSHIP 2 NoRTH, RANGE 28 EAsT. 

This township lies on the southwestern flank of _Mount Oliphant. It reaches an 

elevation of 10,000 feet in section 1. The drainage is into Eagle Creek and Blue 

River. The surface is all rough and broken, which will make logging very 

expensive. Yellow pine and white pine are very s~attering and o£ poor qtwlity. 

Stand of timber species in T. 2 N., R. 28 E. _ 

Yell ow pine _ .. _____________ . _________ ... _______ . __ - _______________ .,. 

White pine .. _____ .. _____ . ______ : _____ . _______ • _ . __ . _ . ___________ . __ _ 

Feet B. M. 

32,500,000 

' 505,000 

TotaL ...... _- ..... -... -. _ .. _- _ ....... _ .... -. -: .. ..... _ . ____ .. _ :)3, 005, 000 

F01·est conditions in T. 2 N., R. 28 E. 

Average total height _____ . __ .. __ ............. -..... __ .. -. _ .. __ . _ ....... feet._ 120 

Average height, ciear ............ ------ ...... ---- ... , .... ------- ... __ .. do... 22 

A veragc diameter, breast high __ ....... _ ....................... __ .... inches.. 22 

Dead ... __ . _ .. _ ... _ .. _ .... _ .... __ .... _. _ .. _ .. _ .. _ ... ____ .. _. __ .. __ .per cent.. 1 

Diseased . _ .. ___ ........ ___ . _ ... -.. _ .... __ .. _. _ ....... __ .... _ ........ _.do._. 10 

Average age __ .. __ .... __ . _ ..... _ . _ .... _ ... - _ . - . _ .. _ .. _ .... _ ..... _ . __ . years_ . 155 

Litter ... _ .. __ ...... _ .. _ .. ____ . _ ...... _. _ .. _. __ . _ ............ _ .. _. _. _ .. __ Light. 

TowNSHIP 3 NonTH, RANGE 28 EAST. 

The greater portion of this township lies on the Blue Mountains plateau. The 

surface is all very rough and broken, and the timber will be difficult and expensive to log. There is a heavy stand o£ timber, but it is of poor quality. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 

Stand of timber species in 1: 8 N., R. 28 E. 

Feet B. l\L 

Yellow pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 750, 000 

White pine..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 250, 000 

Red fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 000, 000 

White fir ............................................... _-........... 33, 250, 000 

Engelmann spruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 750, 000 

TotaL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212, 000, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 8 N., R. 128 g 

Average total height ............................................... __ ,.feet.. 85 

Average height, clear .............................. :. : .................. do·... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ....................................... inches.. 18 

Dead ....•..........•............................................... per cent 2 

Diseased .............................................................. do. . . 10 

Average age ........ : .... , ....... ~ .................................... years .. 125 

Litter ......................... , .............................. , .... ~ _ .. _. Light. 

TowNSHIP 4 NoRTH, RANGE 28 EAsT. 

49 

This entire township is drained by Salt River, which IS of no value as a 

logging stream. The yellow pine is of vei·y good quality, and stands-heavy on the 

northern part of the township. Other timber is rough and of poor quality. 

Stand of timber species in 1'. 4 JV., R. 28 E. 

Feet n.M. 

Yellow pine ....... · .................. _ ..... : . ............ _... . . . . . . . 98, 750, 000 

White pine _ ........... , ...................... _ ...... _.............. ·8, 825, 000 

Red fir .. ~ ........... __ ..................................... _....... 12,-600, 000 

"\Vhite fir ............... _. __ ........... __ .... ____ .. _. _ .... __ ...... _. 13, 000, 000 

TotaL ............. __ ... _ ................... __ . __ ... __ ........ 133, 175, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 4 N., R. 128 E. 

Average total height .... : .... _._ ............... _______ ..... __ .......... feet .. 110 

Average height, clear ___ ..... __ ............ __ ....... _ ...... -.-- .... ____ .. do._. 24 

Average diameter, breast high ... ___ .. , ...... , ........ __ .. ___ ......... inches.. 18 

Dead ........... , .......................... ·.--. ·.--.-·- ......... ,._ .... percent., 2 

Diseased ... _ ....................... __ ..................... __ ._ ........ do... 10 

Average age ............ _ . ___ ......................................... years. . 125 

Litter ............................... _ ........................ ___ ..... _ .. Light. 

TowNSHIP 5 NoRTH, RANGE 28. EAST. 

This township is drained by Salt River, which is of no ·value as a logging 

sth·eam. The yellow pine is of very good quality and stands heavy all over the 

township except on the north. Other species are scattering and of poor quality. 

608-No. 23-04-4 
50 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MERA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Stand of' timber species in T. 5 N., R. 28 E. 

Feet B. J\1. 

Yellow pine ......................................................... 18,000,000 

'Vhite pine.......................................................... 1, 485, 000 

Reel fir .............................................................. 18,500,000 

White fir .............. :.-~-- ....................................... . 

Engelmann spruce ...... : ........................................... . 

250,000 

600,000 

TotaL ............... ·.... .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . .. . .. .. .. .. 38, 835, 000 

Forest cond·itions in T. 5 N., R. 28 E. 

Average total height ............................................... C ... feet.. 115 

Average height, clear .................................................. do... 20 

Average diameter, breast high .................................. · ....... inches.. 22 

Dead ______ --~- ___ . ____________ -- _________________________________ .percent__ 2 

Diseased .............................................................. do... 10 

Average age ! ........................................................ years .. 165 

Litter ............ · ..... ·_ ....... _ ... __ .... _ ....... _ ...... _..... . . __ ..... Light. 

TowNSHIP 6 NoRTH, RANGE 28 EAST. 

. This township. is very steep, rough, and broken, and is drained by Salt River. 

"The timber is very scattering and o~ poor quality and will be difficult and expensive 

to handle. 

Stand of timber species in T. 6 N., R. 28 E. 

Feet B M. 

Yellow pine _ .... _ .. _ ......... _ ..... _ .......... _ .. ___ ............ _ . . . 20, 000, 000 

White pine .............................. __ ....... _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 500, 000 

Red fir ...... _ . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. 4, 750, 000 

Engelmann spruce ................ _ .................. _............... 1, 250, 000 

TotaL ..................... · ....................... , ............ 27, 500, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 6 N., R. 28 E. 

Average total height ............ _ .................................. _ .... feet.. 75 

Average height, clear ....... ~-- ......... _ ......................... __ ... do... 10 

Average diameter, breast high ....................................... inches,.. 18 

Dead ................... _ ... : ........ _ ............................ per cent.. 5 

Diseased .............................................................. do ... 15 

Average age .......................................................... years .. 150 

Litter···············---~---· ............................................ Light. 

TowNsHIP '7 NoRTH·, RANGE 28 EAsT. 

The divide between Little C6Iorado River and Salt River crosse;; the southern 

portion of this township. The Slirface is rough and broken and support;; a scattering 

growtl:i'of timber' of poor quality. · 
DESCRIPTIO_NS OF 'lOWNSHIPS. 51 

Stand of timber species in T. 7 N., R. 28 E .. 

Feet B. J\I. 

Yellow pine .................... _ . _ ... _ . _______ . _ ..... __ ..... _ . . . . . . . 20, 750, 000 

Red fir ........ _ ... _ .... __ .. _ .. _ . _ . _ ... __ ........................ _ .. _ · · 750, 000 

White fir._._ ... _. _____ ........ ___ ·_ ..... _ ... _._ ............ _ .. _ .. ____ 500,000 

Engelmann spruce ........ ___ .... _ ...... _ ... _ ... __ .... __ . __ . ___ . __ .. _. 250, 000 

TotaL_. __ . _ .. __ ...... ___ . ~. __ .. ___ . ________ ..... _____ . ___ . __ . _ 22, 250, 000 

Forest concl·itions in T. 7 N., R. 28 E. 

Average total height. . _ . _ ... __ ... ___ . _____ .. __ ... ___ . __ ...... _ . ___ -: . _. _ (eet;. s·o 

Average height, elear _ ... _ .. _. _____ .. _ .... ___ . ___ . _ .. _ .. _. ____ . ___ ..... do... 10 

·Average diameter, breast high l:. _. _ .... _ ... _ .... __ ...... ___ ........ __ .... inches.. 18 · 

Dead ____ ._ .... __ .. ____ .... ___ . _____ .. __ ....... _ ... ___ ..... ____ ._ .per.cent.. 5 

Disease<l ·. _ .... ___ .. __ ~ _ .. ________ .. __ . __ ... _ ..... _ .. _____ . __ .... _ .. __ .do___ 20 

Average age .... _._. ___ ._. ___ ... _ .. ___ .. _._. ____ . ___ . __ .---~._ ..... _ .. years .• 170 

Litter _. _. __ . _ .... ____ . ___ .. __ .... __ . ___ ... _ .. _. _____ ...... -' ....... _____ . Light. 

TowNSIIIP 1 NoRTH, RANGE 29 EAsT. 

This township lies on the east slope of Rose Peak and is drained by Blue River. 

The surface is rough and broken and supports a scattering growth of }7 ellow pine, 

white pine, and white fir, . which will be difficult and expensive to handle. 

Stand of t'imber species in T. 1 N., R. 29 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine .. _ .. _____ .. _ ....... ____ .. ___ ....... _ ._ .. __ ...... __ .. __ . __ 25, 500, 000 

White pine. _____ .. __ .. _._. _. _______ ... _ ........ __ . _ .. __ .... ____ . _. _.. 2, 000, 000 

White fir. __ .· .. ___ ._. ____ .. _ .. _._- .. _ .. ___ . __ .. _ .... __ ..... _. _ .. __ . _. 2, 650, 000 

Total .. _. _ . __ . _ .... _ . _ .... ___ ... __ .. _ ..... _ . _ .. _ . __ .. ___ .... _ . _ 30, 150, 000 

Fore.~t conclit·ions in '1'. 1 N., R. 29 E. 

Average total height . _ .. _ . ___ .... __ ... _ ! . , . __ .. ___ .. _ ....... ___ . ____ . __ . feet. . 95 

Average height, clear ...... ___ .. _. __ ._._ ........ __ ._ ... __ .. _______ . ___ .do .. _ 14 

Average diameter, breast-high __ -----._ ... _ .... _._ .... _ ..... ____ . __ .. inches._ 18 

Dead __ ...... __ ... _ .. _. _. _. _. ___ .. ___ .. _____ . _. _.- .. _. ___ . ___ .. _ .. per cent._ 2 

Diseased------ .... --··----··-··-·--·-···----···------··'--~---····-···--do ... 10 

Average age _ .. __ ~ ... _ . _ . _ . ___ ......... __ ... _ .... _ ... _ .............. _years_ _ 140 

Litter ______ . __ ....... __ ..... __ .... _ ...... _ ........ _. _ ..... _ .... _. Light. 

TowNSHIP 2 NoRTH, RANGE 29 EAST. 

This township is very mountainous and is traversed by the deep canyons of 

Blue River, into which it drains. It supports a scattering growth ,of timbm:, which 

will b~,difficult and expensive to handle. There is some Emory oak and alligator 

juniper in the undergrowth on the bills, and soinc cottonwood and sycamore along 

the river. 

·. 
52 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK :lllESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

Stand of timber species in T. 2 N., R. 29 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine .. ____ . _____________ .,. ________ · __ .. ______________________ . 18, 750, 000 

White pine _______________ .. ______________ . ____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, 250, 000 

White fir_. _____ . _________________ . __ .. ____ . _ . _ ... _ .. _ .. ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9, 000, 000 

TotaL ____ . ___ . :. ___ . ________ . ___ .. ____ ......... ___ .. _ . ___ . __ . _ 34, 000, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 2 N., R. 29 E. 

Average total height __ ~ __ . ____ . ___ . ___ . _________ ._. _____ ._. ___ . ___ . ___ .feet._ 95 

Average ~wight, clear __ . _____ . ________ . ___________ .. __ ... _____ . _ .. _____ do_ _ _ 12 

Average diameter, breast-high . --- .. _____ . ___ ------ _. _. ---- __ --·-. ____ inehes.. 16 

Dead ___________ . __________________ ...... ____ . __ ~ _. ________ . _____ per cent._ 2 

Diseased . ______ . ___ . ____________ .. ____ . __________ - _ .. _. ____ . ____ . ____ .do .. _ 15 

Average age _ . __________ . _ .. _ . __ . _ . ________ . _. _______ - _. __ . _ . _____ . __ years__ 125 

Litter. ______________ ~. ___ .. __ .. __ . ____ . _______ - __ . _____ . _____ . _____ . _____ Light. 

TowNSHIP 3 NoRTH, RANGE 29 EAST. 

This township is drained by tributaries of Blue River and lies on the east side 

of the Blue Mountain plateau. The timber is :wattering and of poor quality, and 

will be difficult and expensive to handle. 

Stand of t·im!Jer specieN in T. 3 N., R. 29 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine _____ . ____ ._. _________ .~. __ ... ______ ------.----- ____ ------ 18,000,000 

White pine ... _______ ._ ..... --,-_. __ ... ·--- __ ------ ______ ------_------ 5,750,000 

Red fir. ________ . _________ .. __ .. __ .. ___ . ________________ ._____________ 4,000,000 

White fir . ______ . _____ . __ . _ .... _____ . _. _. ___________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9,ooo;ooo 

Engelmann spruce. ___ ... _ .. ___ .. _. ____ . _____ : .. _. ____________________ 1-5,500,000 

Total __________________ . __ . ____________________________________ 52,250,000 

Forest conditions in T. S JV., R. 29 E. 

Average total height_. __ ... __ ._. ___________________ . ________ --- _______ .feet._ 90 

Average height, clear _____ ._ .. ____ .. ____________ . ______ -:- ________ --_- .do._- 12 

Average diameter, breast-high _. _______ ... ___ . _______ . _______________ inches.. 14 

Dead ______ ------ _____ . __________ :·------_-----_·_. __ ... --------.-- .• per cent.. 4 

Diseased ____ .. ____ . ____ - ____ . __ . _- ___ . _ .. ___ -- _- .. ____ --- _-- _- __ -----.do .. - 12 

Average age . _ . _ . _ .. __ .. _______ . _ ... ______ . __ .. ____ . _____ . ____ - ____ . -years. . 120 

Litter _ _' ___ .. __ . _. ___ .... _. ______ ... __ . ________ . _______ - __ - ______ -. _- ___ . Light. 

TowNSHIP 4 NoRTH, RANGFJ 29 EAST. 

This township straddles the divide between S:tlt River and Blue River. Its 

surface is rolling and broken, and the timber is of very poor quality and will be 

expensive to handle. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 53 

Stand of timber species ·in T. 4 N., R. 29. E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ....... ·.· ................................................. 19,000,000 

White pine .......................................................... ~ 1,375,000 

Red fir ......................................... _ .............. __ ...... 2,000,000 

\Vhite fir ......................... _______ .................. _ ........ __ 2,000,000 

Engelmann spruce.: ........ ____ . ___ ...... __ .... __ .... ___ ..... __ .. __ .. 14,000,000 

Total ........................ ___ . _ .. · ... ____ ................ __ .. 38,375,000 

'\ 

Forest cqnd'itions in T. 4 N., R. 29 E. 

Average total height .... __ ... ____ .. __ .. ___ , .. __ . __ ... .. ......... __ .. · __ feet.. 90 

Average height, clear ......... __ ............. _: ..... ........... _ . . .. .. do. .. 12 

Average diameter, breast-high ....................... _ ......... __ ..... inches.. 16· 

Dead ............... _ .............. r ................ _ •.. _ ......... per cent. . 5 

Diseased ............... _, ... · ......................... __ .......... __ : . .. do... 12 

Average age ....................................... ~ ................. years.. 125 

Litter __ .................................. __ ............................. Light. 

TowNsHIP 5 NoRTH, RANGE 29 EAsT. 

The surface is steep, rough, and broken and is principally drained by Salt 

River. It reaches an elevation of 9,500 feet in the southeastern portion, and in the 

higher areas is partly timberless. The timber. is of very poor quality. 

Stand of timber .~pecies i-n T. 5 N., R. 29 E. 

Feet H. 11. 

Yellow pine ......................................................... 37,000,000 

Red fir ..................................................... __ . .. . .. .. 3, 250, 000 

White fir ......... __ ... _........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 000, 000 

TotaL ............. .' ............ __ ....... __ .. _._ ................ 43,250,000 

Forest conditions in T. 5 N., R. 29 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet.. 90 

Average height, clear ....... --; .. : ..................................... do... 18 

Average dian:eter, breast-high ....................................... inches.. 20 

Dead .................. __ ..... ~ ...... __ .... __ ..................... per eent.. 2 

Diseased .' ............................................................. do ... 10 

Average age ......................................................... years. . 140 

Litter .. : ................................................................ Light. 

TowNSHIP 6 NoRTH, RANGE 29 EAsT. 

The eastern portion of this township is the summit between Salt ·River, Blue 

River, and Nutrioso' Creek. The surface is rough and broken, but supports a fair 

growth of yellow pine, of which about 80 per cent is of good quality. 
54 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZ ON A. 

Stand of timber species in T. 6 N., R. 29 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine .. , .............................................. -·-..... 40, 750,000 

White pine.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 2, 000, 000 

Red fir ........ ______ ............. _._ .... _ ..... .- .................. __ :: 7, 000, ooo 

Engelmann spruce . . . . . . ............................... _ ........ : .. : 500, 000 

Total ....................................................... _ . . 50, 250, 000 

Forest condition ·in T. 6 N., R. 29 R. 

Average total height ................................................... feet.. 80 

Average height, clear .................... : . ... _ .................. ·._ .... do... 12 

Average diameter, breast-high ......................... : . ...... _. ____ .inches._ 18 

Dead ................ ' ......... -- ........ : ................. _ ...... per cent.. 2 

Diseased ............................. -....................... _ ........ do... 12 

Average age.: ............ __ ...................................... _._-_--;y:ears .. 155 

Litter .•.... _"., ............................ : .............. _ ... : .. _. ____ . Lig;ht. 

TowNSHIP 7 NoRTH, RANGE 29 EAsT. 

The surface is steep and broken, draining northeasterly into Nutrioso Creek. 

The timber is generally scattering and of poor quality. The eastern portion of 

the towns~ip is open prairie or grazing land. 

Stand of species ·in T. 7 N., R. 29 E. 

Cords. · 

Yell ow pine ............. _ ............. ___ .... _ .. ___ .. __ .. __ . _. __ . 

Red fir ................... _ .... ____ ..... _ ... ___ .... _ .. ______ ... _ .. 

White fir ................... __ .... _ .......... _ .. _ ... _ .. __ . _ .. ____ . 

Alligator juniper. ............. _. ... · ..... _ .................... 1, 285 

Total. .......................................... , ... _ . I, 285 

Forest _conditions in T. 7 N., R. 29 E. 

Feet R. l\1. 

9,750,000 

1,'500, 000 

250,000 

11,500,000 

Average total height of timber trees .......................... __ ........ feet._ 75 

Average height, clear ................................... ~ .. : ....... _ ... do .. _ 8 

Average diameter, breast-high ..................... ~--· .... -...... _ ..... inches.. 18 

Dead ...... -.-- ... -.......... -- ............. -..................... per cent.. 4 

Dise~sed ....... ____ .............................................. _ .... -do... 18 

Average age~ ........................................................ years .. 150 

Litter ____ . _____ .. _ . _ .. ____ .............. _ ... __ ... __ . __ ....... ____ . __ . _ .- . Light. 

TowNsmr 1 NoRTH, RANGE 30 EAsT. 

The o~tire township is drained by Blue River, which flows through very 

steep canyons. Tho higher areas are almost timberless; There is some Gambel 

oak ·and alligator juniper amorig the undergrowth of the higher areas, and along 

the river are. found ~illows, alders, cottonwoods, and sycamores. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 55 

Stand of tiinber species in T. 1 N., R. 30 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yell ow pine .............................................. ; . . . . . . . . . . 13, 250, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 1 N., R. 30 E. 

Average total height ........... , ............... ~ ....................... feet.. 100 

Average height, clear .................................................. do... 18 

Average diameter, breast-high ....................................... inches.. 16 

Dead ............................................................. per cimt.. 3 

Diseased ................... : ......................................... do... 20 

Average age . .. . .. .. .. . .. . ....... : .................................. _.'ears .. 140 

Litter .................................................................. _. Light. 

TowNSHIP 2 NoRTH, RANGE 30 EAsT. 

The township is entirely drained by Blue~ River and is very mountainous. 

The timber is mostly of poor quality and will be difficult and expensive to handle. 

The undergrowth includes Emory oak, alligator juniper, cottonwood, and sycamore. 

Stand of timber species ·in T. 2 N., R. 30 E. 

Feet K M. 

Yellow pine ....... · ... ·.· .... · ........... ." ....... :.· ............. ; ....... : -H,250,000 

Forest conditions in T. 2 N., R. 30 E. 

Average total height .. .' ................................ · .... " .. ~ ........ feet.. 80 

Average height, clear ............... · ................................... do... 12 

Average diameter, breast high ........................................ inches.. 16 

Dead ......................... , ................................... per cent.. 4 

Diseased .............................................................. do... 20 

Average age ......................................................... years.; 125 

Litter ..... , ........................ , ... " ...... ' ................ _. . . . . . . . . . . . Light. 

TowNSHIP 3 NoRTH, RANGJ<-' 30 EAsT. 

The entire township is drained by Blue River, which flows through deep can-

' }rons .. The timber is mainly of poor quality. The underbrush includes Emory 

oak, alligator juniper, cottonwood, and sycamore. 

f· 

Stand of timber specie.~ in T. 3 N., R. 30 E. 

FeetB.1L 

Yell ow pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 000, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 3 N., R. 30 E. 

Average total height .................................................... feet. . 80 

"Average height, clear .................................................. do .. -. 12 

Average diameter, .breast high ....................................... inches .. _ 16 

DeacL ....................... _ ..................................... per cent.. 2 

Disea1;3ed ............................................................... do._.. 20 

Average age .......................................................... years .. 125 

Litter ............................... ~ ................................... Light. 

\ 
56 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, .ARIZONA. 

TowNSHIP 4 NoRTH, RANGE 30 EAsT. 

This township is very rough and broken and the handling of the timber will be 

very difficult and expensive. About 30 per cent of the yellow pine is ofc good 

quality; the rest of the timber is rough. 

Stand of t1:mber species in T. 4 N., R. 30 E. 

Yell ow pine ............... ___ . - _ -. ___ . - _ - _ . __ -... _ . __ -.... - _ -- . -. -. _ 

White i1ine _. _______ . ____ . _________________________ . ____________ . ___ _ 

Red fir _____________ . ____ . ____________ . _________________________ . ___ _ 

\Vhite fir ______ . ___ ~. ____________ . _________________ . ____________ . ___ _ 

Engelmann spruce.- ______ . __ - _ .. _. __ - -_ - ____ - _. _______ . _ . __ .. _ . _. ___ _ 

Feet B. M. 

14,750,000 

250,000 

750,000 

750,000 

500,000 

TotaL_._. ____ ._. __________ . ____ . ____ . __ . ____ . ____________ . _ ... 17, 000, 000 

Fared condit·ions in T. 4 N., R. 30 E. 

Average total height. __________ . ___ . ___ ._ .. _. __ ._ ... ___ ._._._ .... _._ ... feet.. 75 

Avrrage height, clear _____ .. __ .. __ -. ___ . __ -_ .... __ -.... _ ... _._. __ .. _._ .do.__ 12 

Average diameter, breast high - _. ____ .. _- _. __ -- _. _. __ -... _ .. _. _- _. __ .inche8.. 16 

Dead __________ ..... ___ . __ ._. __ -._._. __ ----_ ... ---- .. _.-_ ... __ -. __ per cent.. 5 

Diseased _. __ . ___ . _. _ .. _. _.----.-.------- _------. _----.- _.-.-. _._ .. _ ... do._. 20 

Average age ______ . ____ _ : ______ .. _- _. __ -- _- _. __ - _. _____ . .". ____ .. _._ .. years .. 125 

Litter ____________ . __ . _______ . _. __ . _ .. _. ____ -. ___ . __ . ___ . _____ . ____ . _____ Light. 

TowNSHIP 5 NoRTH, RANGE 30 EAsT. 

This township is rough and mountainou,.;, except a narrow strip of level land 

along Alpine Creek. About 30 per cent of the yellow pine is of good quality, but 

it will be difficult and expensive to handic. 

Stand of Npecies in T. 5 N., R. 30 E. 

Cords. 

Y cllow pine __________ - ______________ . __ .. ___ - - _. _. __ - - _ - ____ - _ .. _ \ Gam bel oak _______ . ______________ , __ . _______ . ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8, 925 

Forest conditions in T. 5 N., R. 30 E. 

~·eet B. ~I.· 

40,500,000 

Average total height of yellow pine. ___ . ____ .. ___ .. ___ . __ .. _ .•. ___ ._. ___ feet._ 80 

Average lieight, clear_._ .. _. __ .. ___ . ____ .. _--_ ... __ . __ ... ____ . ____ .~- .. do.__ 12 

Average.diameter, breast high .. _ .. _. ____ . __ . _________ .. ___ . ___ ...•.. inches.. 16 

Dead_ .. _ .. _____ .. _ ... _ ... _._._._. ____ . __ .. _._ .. _._. _____ ... _._ ...• per cent.. 4 

Diseased ___ .. _. ___ .. _ .. _ .. _._. _____ ._._ .. _ .. _.· ____ .. _._._ ..... _._ .•.•. do._. 20 

Average age __ . _______ . _. __ . ___ . _ .... ___ . _. _. _______ .. ____ . _____ ._ ... years._ 160 

Litter __ .. ____ . __ . __ . _. ____ . __ . __ ..... __ ... _ ... _ .. ·.- .•. __ .........•••. _ .. Light. 
DESCRIPTIONS 01!' TOWNSHIPS. 57 

TowNSHIP 6 NmtTH, RANGE 30 EAsT. 

This township is on the divide between Nutrioso Creek nnd Blue Hiver. It is 

very rough and mountainous, with the exception of a nttrTow strip of levelland in 

Nutrioso V nlley. Excepting a few trees standing along the creek bottoms, the 

timber is small and of poor quality and will he difficult and expensive to handle. 

Stand of species in T. 6 N., Jl-. 30 R. 

Cords. Feet R. l\1. 

Yellow pine--:-

Red fir _______________________________ . __________ . _______________ _ 

Alligator juniper ________ . __________ .... __ .. _________ .. __ .. __ 1, 300 

Gam bel oak _________ ; ______ ... -- . -- -- .. -- -- __ . _ -- . -- __ ... _ . 7, 250 

TotaL _____ .... ______ . __ . ___ .---. __ . ___ . _ .. __ ... _. __ .- 8, 550 

Forest conditions in T. 6 N., R. 30 E. 

30,250,000 

2,250,000 

32,500,000 

·Average total height of timber trees .. ___ .. -- _______ ....... __ ... --- __ .... feet._ 75 

Average height, clear ___ . _ ... _____ ....... ___ .. __ . _____ . _J. ..... ___ .... _do.__ 10 

Average diameter, breast high. ________ .... _ .... ____ ..... ______ . _____ inches._ 16 

Dead . _____ . ___ ...... __ . __ .- .. - __ .... - _-- . __ .......... _ ........... per cent.. 5 

Diseased . _______ ---- ____ . __ --- ___ . __ ~ ... -- .. --- ........... -- .. __ ...... do___ 20 

' Average age_ .. __ ._ ..... ___ .... ___ .. _______ : ....... ________ .......... years .. ·170 

Litter .... ____ ... ___ .. ____ -- ____ ...... __ .. _ ..... -- ____ ..... _ ... __ . _______ Light. 

TowNSHIP 7 NoRTH, RANGE 30 EAST. 

The 'southeastern portion of this township is rough and mountainous and supports 

a growth of yellow pine and alligator juniper which is of little value. The town of 

Nutrioso is located in sections 31 and 32. 

Stand of timber species in T. 7 N., R. 30 E. 

Cords. Feet B. ~I. 

Yell ow pine .. __ . _ ......... _ .. _____________ . ______________________ _ 9,000,000 

Alligator juniper. __ .. ______ . __ . _______________ . ______________ 3, 700 

Forest conditions in T. 7 N., R. 30 E. 

Average total height of yellow pine .. _ .. _ .. _ .. _____ .. __ .. ____________ , .. feet.. 80 

Average height, clear ... __ .... __ .. ____ ...... ____ .. ____ .. _____ .. _ .. ___ .do .. _ 10 

Average diameter, breast high . ____ .. ____ .. ____ .... _______ ..... ___ ... inches.. 18 

Dead ...... ------ ............. __ .. __ ... _____ ... -... _ .. _ ........... per cent._ 5 

Diseased ...... ------------ _______ ..... ____ .... ____________ ...... _ ...... do .. _ 20 

Average age ...... ------_-----_ ... ___ ..... ____ .. _________ -------- .... years._ 175 

Litter------------ ......... _______ .... _----- _______________ -------------- Light. 
58 l!'OREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

TowNsHIP 1 NoRTH, RANGf' 31 EAsT. 

This fractional township contains but 12 sections, and the only timbel' Is in 

sections 5 and 6. 

Stand of timber species in 1'. 1 N., R. 31 E. 

Feet B. 1\I. 

Yellow pine .......................................................... 1,000,000 

Forest conditions in T. 1 N., R. 81 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet.. 80 

Average height, clear ............................................ : ..... do... 15 

Average diameter, breast high ....................................... inches.. 16 

Dead ........ __ ....................................... .' ........... per eent.. 5 

Diseased ··················-······.--·············-···········-········-do ... 30 

Average age .......................................................... years .. 125 

TowNSHIP 2 NoRTH', RANGE 31 EAST. 

This fractional township contains but 12 sections, and supports a scattering 

growth of yellow pine, of which only 30 per cent is of good quality. 

Stand of timber species in T. 2 N., R. 31 E. 

FeetB.l\1. 

Yell ow pine . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ~ 4, 000, 000 

Forest conditions in T. 2 N., R. 31 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet.. 80 

Average height, dear .................................................. do... 16 

Average diameter, breast high ........................................ inehes.. 18 

Dead ............................................................. per cent.. 5 

Diseased .............................................. , ............... do... 20 

Average age ......................................................... years .. 130 

TowNSHIP 3 NoRTH, RANGE 31 EAST. 

This fractional township contains but 12 sections, and supports a. poor growth 

of yellow pine. The surface is very rough and mountainous. 

Stand of timber species in T. 3 N., R. 31 E. 

Feet B.l\1. 

Yellow pine ............................... --.- ........................ H, 500, 000 

Forest conditions ·in T. 3 N., R. 31 E. 

Average total height ................................................... feet.. 80 

Average height, clear .................................................. do... 15 

Average diameter, breast high ........................................ inches.. 16 

Dearl ............................................................. per cent.. 2 

Diseased .............................................................. do. . . 20 

Average age ......................................................... years. . 125 
A 

U.S.GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

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LAND -CLASSIFICATION }.'lAP 

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N I 

BLACK MESA-FOREST RESERVE 

ARIZONA 

Scale ofnriles 0 I Z 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 tO 

L"'""""" ,_.., "*"' Ed IS 

Contour interval 2 50 feet 

LEGEND C Timber Oto2000feet B.M.per acre 

2.0 

D · Ti:mher 2000to 5000 feet B.M. per acre 

- Timber over 5000 feet B.M._per acre 

C Woodland without merchantable timber 

I I Tirn.berless 

f n ] Logged 

B~d ti:m.ber 

Note: The reserve is dividuL inUJ t;wo part.s 

alOng the li:rz_e A B . 

= 

N 0 

12 

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10 

8 

7 

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5 

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PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 23 PL.VI 

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A M 
DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNSHIPS. 59 

TowNSHIP 4 NoRTH, RANGE 31 EAsT. 

This fractional township contain:; 30 ~ections and is very steep and mountainous, 

excepting a narrow strip of land along Blue River. The yellow pine is very sm~ll 

and of poor quality, excepting that along Blue River. A sawmill having a capacity 

of 1,000 feet per day, is located in section 15. It is operated only in winter. 

There is some cottonwood and sycamoi·e timber along the valleys. 

Stand of 8pecies in T. 4 N., R. 31 E. 

Cords. 

Yellow pine __________ . _______ .. _ -.. _________________ . __________ _ 

Gam bel oak ____ . ___________ : ______ .. ____________ . _______ . 11, 700 

Forest conditions in T. 4 N., R. 31 E. 

FeetB.M. 

27,500,000 

Average total height of yellow pine _________________ ~----- _____________ .feet.. 80 

Average height, clear ___ ' ________________________ . ____________________ .do___ 10 

Average diameter, breast high . _____________________________________ .inches._ 18 

Dead---------- __ · ___ - ____ ._-~--- __ ._ .. ______ .. _____________________ .per cent.. 2 

Diseased ......... __ .. __ - _ .. _ . - _ . - _ -- __ - __ - _ . - __ . _. ___ . _ . ___ . __ . __ ... __ do_.. 20 

Average age _____ . _ . ______ . __ . __________ .. ___________________ . _______ years_ _ 180 

Litter ________________________ . _. _ .. __________________________ . __________ Light. 

TOWNSHIP 5 NORTH, RANGE 31 EAST. 

This fractional township contains 30 sections of steep, rolling land, exeept some 

level areas along Alpine Valley. ·The timber is all small, at least 75 per cent being 

young growth and saplings. 

Stand of species i~ T. 5 N., R. 31 E. 

Cords. 

Yell ow pine _ . _ .. _. _ .. _ - __ ·- _________________ . ____________________ • 

Gam bel oak ____ . __ . ________ . -. _ . ____ -- __ .... _ .. _ .. _ _ _ __ __ _ _ 9, 150 

Forest conditions in T. 5 N., R. 31 E. 

Feet B. M. 

12,500,000. 

Average total height of yellow pine ..... __ .. _. __ .. ~. ______ ...... ________ feet._ 60 

Average height, clear_ .. ___ ... ·._._ .. _____ .. _. ______ • _______ .. _________ .do.__ 10 

Average diameter, breast high ... __ .... _. _____ .. _______ : .. __ .. _____ .inches._ 12 

Dead . -.. _ -. --... _ . - .. - _ -- - -. -- - -- -... __ . __ - __ . _ . ___ . _ . _ .. -. _ . ____ per cent. _ 2 

Diseased ________________ ... ---- .... _ ... _. _______ ..... _____ .· .... ______ .do... 15 

Average age .............. _ - .. -- .... -- __ .. _______ .. ____ .. _ .... __ .. ___ years__ 100 

Litter -----------. ----- _---. ------- ___ . _ .... _. ______ ... ________ . _________ Light. 
60 FOREST CONDITIONS IN BLACK MESA RESERVE, ARIZONA. 

TowNSHIP 6 NoRTH, RANGE 31 EAsT. 

This fractional township contains 30 sections of rough, mountainous land, 

supporting a scrubby growth of timber of little value. 

Stand of timber species in T. 6 N., R. 31 E. 

Feet B. M. 

Yellow pine __________ . ____________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4,· 250, 000 

Red fir _____________ . ____________ . __ . _ .. __ . _. _ .. ____ .... _. ____ .... _. . 4, 000, 000 

'Vhite fir. _____ . _ .. _ ... __ ...... _. ____ . __ ...... ___ . _ ... ___ . _ .... _ . ___ . 2, 500, 000 

Engelmann spruce . _ .... ______ . _ .... __ . __ ... _. ___ . ____ ... _____ . _. _. __ 11,-000,000 

TotaL_. _____ ._ ... _. ____ ._ .. _. ______ .. _. __ . ___ • ___ ._ .. __ .. _ ... _. 21, 750, 000 

Forest conditions in T. G N., R. 31 E. 

Average total height . ___ . __ . _ .- _ ...... _ .. __ . _ .. _ . _____ . _ .. _______ ... __ . _feet. _ 65 

Average height, clear ____ .------ ____ .. __ --------- .. ___ . _____ ----------_ .do... 7 

Average diameter, breast high .. __ . _. ___ .. _. _ .. _____ ... _. ___ .. _ .... _.inches._ 16 

Dead ______ ... _ ... ____ .... __ . ____ . _ .... ___ .. _ ... _. _ .... _. __ . __ . _ .. per cent.. , 5 

Diseased .. ____ . _. _ ... ____ .. __ ... _____ . _ .. ___ ...... _ .. ____ . _ .. _ .. _____ .do .. _ 15 

Average age. ______ --- .. _. ____ --- .. _____ .. __ . ____ ._--- .... __ ---- ..... years .. 130 

Litter ... _. ___ .. _. __ . ___ .. _. _ . _ .. _ ........ ____ .. _ . _ ... _ ... _ ... ____ .... __ . Light. 

TowNSHIP 7 NoRTH, RANGE 31 EAsT. 

This fractional townshitJ contains 30 sections. The southern portion is very 

rough and mountainous, ·with more gentle slopes toward the north. All of the 

timber is in the southern portion, and is very rough and of poor quality. 

Stand of timber species ~n T. 7 N., R. 31 ~-

Yellow pine.-----·. ___ .. _____ ... __ .... ___ .. __ .. _ .......... __________ _ 

Red fir _________ ._ .. ____ . __ . _________________________ • ______________ _ 

'Vhi te fir .... __ ......... __ ... _ ......... _ .. _ .. ____ . _ ..... ______ . _____ _ 

Feet B. M. 

7, 750,000 

1,250,000 

1,250,000 

· Engelmann spruce _ . _ ........ __ .. _ .. _ .. ___ ...... _ . __ ....... _. __ .. . . . . 6, 750, 000 

TotaL ........ ___ .. _ .. __ ...... __ . ___ ....... _._ ...... __ .... _._ .. 17,000, 000 

Forest condition.~ in T. 7 N., R. 81 E. 

Average total height.._.,_. ___ .. _ .... __ ._ .. _ ... _ ................. _ ... _ .feet._ 90 

Average height, clear ______ ..... _____ ..... ------ __ ------ ______ -------- .do.__ 8 

Average diameter, breast high .. __ .. _. ___ .. _ ... _. __ .... _ .. __ .. __ . ___ .inches.. 20 

Dead _ .•.. __ .. _ ......... _ .......... _ ..... _ .... ·_ ............ _ ...... per cent._ 5 

Diseased .............. ____ .. _ ...... ___ . __ ... _ . _____ .... _ ... _ .... _ ..••. do. . • 15 

Average age .. _ .. ____ . _ .. _ ... _____ ..... ____ .... _. _ .. _ ...... ___ . __ .... years .. 170 

Litter _ ........ _ .. __ .. _. ___ , ........ __ .......... __ . _. _____ .. ___ . ___ ...... Light. 
U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER N023 PL .. VII 

R.6 E. R.7 E . R. S E. R .9 E. R.IO E. R.IIE. R.l2 E . R.l3 E. R.14E. R.ISE. R.I6E . R.I7E. R. l8 E. 

~ T.I4N. r----- - . T. 13N. 

-

T.I2N. 

1-- - R.l9 E. R.20 E. R.21 E. R.22E . R.23 E. R.24E. R.25E . R.26 E . 

T.IIN . r----- r--f--

T.IO N. J r---

T.9 N. J - I I R.27E. R.28E. R.29 E. R.30E. R.31 E. 

T. 8 N. 

= T.7 N. 

BLACK ME SA FOREST RESERVE, ARIZONA T.6N.L 

r-r-r -m- -.-

showing st and of timber and pr oportion of each s pecies bytownships 

Vertical scale of stand rr T. S N. f---

0 1oo 200 3oo • oo soo soo mill ion feet B.M. 

T.4N. f---- -~ 

MER CHANTABLE TIMBER SPECIE S 

CJ c=:J CJ CJ II T.3 N. IJ -rnr: Yellowp:ine Whitepme Spruce Red fir White fir 

T. 2 N. 

T.l N. .----
INDEX. 

Abies concolor. See Fir, white. 

Agriculture, condition of ...................• ---·--

Alligator, juniper. See Juniper, alligator. ' 

Alnus rhomboifolia. See Alder. 

Altitudinal range of timber species---------------

Arizona cypress. See Cypress, Arizona. 

Aspen, occurrence oL ... ---------------------------

view of, plate showing-------------------------

Baldwin, Mount, view of Green Mountains from. 

Baldy, Mount, timber zones on--------------------

Black Mesa, character of _______ --------------------

yellow pine on_ ..... ----~----------------------- Black Mesa Forest Reserve, agriculture in _______ _ aretL of __________________________________________ _ 

classification of lands in .... ________________ .... 

climatic conditions in .... -------- .... ______ : __ _ 

creation and bounds of-------------------------

diagram of, showing stand of timber and proportion of each species, by townships .... ____ ----- ___ ... _----- ______ -- .... 

drainage of. ....... -------- _____________________ _ 

grazing iil ____ ------------------------ __________ _ 

lumbering in ______ ------------ _________________ _ 

-map of, showing classification of lands ....... . 

mining in--------------------------------------- routes of travel in ___________________ _-________ __ 

timber in, amount of __________________________ _ 

topographic features of .. _______ ---- ........... . 

water supply of.------------------------ .... ___ _ 

Blue Mountain Plateau, Engelmann spruce on ... 

Burned area, percentage of. ..... -------- _________ _ 

Clifton, mineral belt of, extent of _____ ------ _____ _ 

Climatic conditions, range of. _____ ------ _________ _ 

Cypress, Arizona, amount of----------------------

distribution of ____________ ----. _________ --------

effect of drought on .... ------ __________ --------

views of, plate showing------. _____ ...... ------

For definite localities, see Townships. 

Cupressus guadalupensis. See Cypress, Arizona. 

Drainage, features of ...... ____ . ___________ --------

Drought, effect of, on timber growth.------------

Engelmann spruce. See Spruce, Engelmann. 

Eseudilla Peak, timber zones on ..... --------------

Fir, red, altitudinal range of----------------------

amount of. ______ --------------------------------

distribution of .... -------------- ____ -------- ___ _ 

rate of growth of-------------------------------

reproducton of ________ -------------------- ...... 

For definite localities, see Townships. 

Fir, white, altitudinal range of. _______ .... ______ :_ 

amount of. ____________ ---------------- .... ------

distribution of-------- ______ -------- ___________ _ 

reproduction of.-------------- __________ .... ___ _ 

Fol' definite localities, see Townships. 

Page. 

13 

16 

17 

40 

12 

16 

12 

16-17 

13 

12 

12 

19 

11 

60-

12-13 

13-14 

14 

58 

15 

19 

15 

12 

13 

19-20 

12 

15 

19 

15 

17 

18 

40 

12-13 

18 

16 

16 

15 

17 

18 

18 

16 

15 

17 

18 

Fires, destruction of forests by----------------·-'· 

Forest conditions. For definite localities, see 

Townships. 

Forests, destruction of, by fire---------------------

Gambel Oak. See Oak, Gam bel. 

Gannett, Henry, letter of transmittal by -.-------

Grazing. extent-of----------------------------------

Green Mou~tains, view of, from Mount Baldwin.· 

qreen Peak, elevation of ______ ---------------.-----

Juniper,alligator, amount of. ___________ -----------

distribution of. ..... -------------------'---- ___ _ 

effect of drought on __________ -------------- ___ _ rate of growth of. _____________________________ _ 

view of, plate showing------ ..... _____ ----------

For definite localities, see Townships. 

Juniperus pachyphlrea. See Juniper, alligator. 

Litter,character and amount of ______ -------------

For definite localities, see Townships. 

Logged area, percentage of----------'--------------

Lumbering,extent of, within the Reserve--------

Montezuma well, view of,plate showing----------

Mount Baldwin, view of Green Mountains from .. 

Mount Baldy, timber zones on---------------------

Mount Oliphant, view of, from Mount Rose _____ _ 

Mount Rose, view of Mount Oliphant from _______ _ 

Nontimbered area, percentage of. ________________ _ 

Oak,Gambel,amount of. ..... ______ ---------------- view of, plate showing _________________________ _ 

Fo>· definite localities, see Townships. 

Oliphant, Mount, view of from Mount Rose-------

Picea engelmanni. See Spruce, Engelmann. 

Picea engelmanni var. franciscana. See Spruce, 

.Arizona. 

Pine, white, amount of _____________________________ _ 

distribution and altitude of-----'---------------

rateof growthof. _____________________________ _ 

Ji'or definite localities, see Townships. 

Pine, yellow,altitudinal range of ------ ...... _____ _ 

amount of.------ ______ -------------------------- distribution of __________ ------ _________________ _ 

effect of drought on. _____ ------ .... ___________ _ 

rate of growth of------------------- ...... ------

reproduction of---------------------------------

sizes of ___ . _________ ----- _______ ----- ___________ _ 

views of, plates showing-----------------------

For defini[e localitieR, see Townships. 

Pinus flexilis. See Pine, limber. 

Pinus ponderosa. See P\ne, yellow. 

Pinus strobiformis. See Pine, white. 

Platanus racemosa. See Sycamore. 

Populus tremuloides. See Aspen. 

Populus trichocarpa. See Cqttonwood. 

Pseudotsuga taxifolia. See Fir, red. 

Quercus emoryi. See Oak, Emory. 

61 

Page. 

20 

20 

9 

13-14 

12 

12 

15 

17 

18 

18 

30 

19 

12 

14 

16 

12 

16 

12 

12 

12 

15 

20 

12 

15 

17 

18 

16 

15 

16-17 

18 

18 

18 

16 

20,30 
62 

Quercus gambelii. See Oak, Gam bel. 

Range, altitudinal, of timber--·--------- __ .. _____ _ 

-Red fir. See Fir, red. 

Rose, Mount, view of Mount Oliphant from------

Routes of travel, location of_------ ______ ----------- Spruce, Arizona, distribution of _________ . _________ _ 

sizesof ____ _ ------ ______ --------------------------

Spruce, Engelmann, altitudinal range of_ ________ _ amount of_ ________________________________ ------

distribution of ______ ------------.. -- ..... -------

rate of growth oL ______ --------------.. -- _____ _ reproduction of. _______ , __________ , __________ _ 

~~;sd~-~~it~-io-;~ii{;~~:-;;; T~~;;~h~~~ .. --------- Temperatures, range in---------------- ______ · _____ _ 

Timber, altitudinal range of_--~· ... ___ . ______ , _____ _ 

amount of _______________________ .. _. ___________ _ 

effects of drought on __ .. ______ .. ____ .. ___________ _ 

reproduction oL ------ ____ ...... __________ . -----

species represented ______________ , _________ : __ _ 

B'or definite localities, see Townships. 

Timbered area, percentage of _____________ --------

Topography, character of---------------------------

Townships, conditions in: 

T.lN., R. 27E---------------------------------

li~::-~: :::~:~:::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::: T.l-N., R. i!OE .... ------ .. ----------------- ...... 

T. 1 N., R. 31 E .. ___________ ---------------.. -- .. T. 2 N., R. 27 E_ .. _____ _- ___ .. ______________ .. _ .. _ 

T. 2 N., R. 23 E .... --.. ·--------------- __ --------

T. 2 N., R. 29 E.-.. --.. ·---------------- .. --------

T. 2 N., R. 30E ... -----------------------'-------

T. 2 N., R. 31 E------.. ·---.. ·-------------------

T. aN., R. 27 E .... _ ..... __ .. __ ------------------ T. 3 N., R. 28 E_ .. ___________ .. ______ .. _________ _ 

T. 3 N., R. 20 E .... -------------------..... _____ _ 

T. 3 N., R. 30E .... --.. ··-------------------.. ·--

~I'. 3 N., R. 31 E .. __________ .... -- .. -- .... --------

T. 4 N., R. 27 E _______________________ , ________ _ 

T. 4 N., R. 28 E--------.... -....... 

T. 4 N., R. 29 E ________ ..... _ .. ------------------ T. 4 N., R. 30 E __ , ___ , ___ , __________ . _________ _ 

T. 4 N., R. 31 E--.. -- __ .. __ -.-----------------.. -- T. 5 N., R. 27 E._ .. __ -_______ , __________ ... __ .... 

T. 5 N., R. 23 E ____________________ .... _________ _ 

T. 5 N., R. 20 E __ , ___ .. __________ ... _ .. ______ ,_ 

T. 5 N., R. 30 E __ , ___ .. , ____ ......... ________ _ 

T. 5 N., R. 31 E_: ... _ ...... ____ .. __ .. _______ .... _ 

T. 6 N., R. 26 E __ ........ __ , ____ .. ____ .. ____ .. __ 

T. 6 N., R. 27 E ________ .. __ -------------- _______ _ 

T. 6 N., R. 28 E ____________ .. ____ .. , ________ .. __ 

T. 6 N.; R. 29 E .. ·---"--'----------.. ·-------.. -- T. 6 N., R. 30 E------ __ .. ____ , ____ , ___________ _ 

T. 6 N., R. 31 E------ __ .. ____ .. ____ , ____ , __ ----

T. 7 N., R. 27 E __ .. ____ .... __ .. _________________ _ 

T. 7 N., R. 28 E _______ .. ___ .................. ___ _ 

T. 7 N., R. 29 E _______ .. ___ ........ -..... ______ .. 

T. 7 N., R. 30 E_ .. ___ ...... ------------------.... T. 7 N, R. 31 E __ ,,_ .. _____ .. ____ .. __________ .. 

T. 8 N., R. 2BE ..... -------------.. ·---.... --.. -- T. 8 N., R. 26 E ______ , __________ .. _____________ _ 

INDEX. 

Page. 

16 

12 

19 

17 

17 

16,17 

15 

17 

18 

18 

17 

1\l 

16 

15 

18 

18 

15 

12 

12 

44 

47-48 

51 

54--55 

58 

44 

48 

51-52 

55 

58 

45 

48-49 

52 

55 

58 

45 

49 

52-b3 

56 

59 

46 

49--50 

53 

56 

59 

42-43 

46 

50 

53--54 

57 

60 

47 

50--51 

54 

57 

60 

40-41 

43 

'fownships, conditions m-Continued. 

() 

T. 8 N., R. 27 E_ .......... _______ , ____ .. _______ ! 

T. 9 N., R. 22 E ______ , ______________________ .... 

~: ~ ~:: ~: :~:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::0 T. 9 N., R. 25E .... _ .. _____ ,, __ , ____________ , 

T. 9 N., R. 26E_ ..... __ .... __ , .. __ , ___________ _ 

T. 10 N., R.lO E ......... --.. -- __ , __ ------..... - T.lON., R. 20E. _____ , _________________ , __ .. .. 

T.lON., R. 21 E ____ ....... -- .... -_ .. ____ , _____ _ 

T.lO,N., R. 22E._ .......... ___ .. ____ .. ________ .. 

T. 11 N., R.12 E ________ ................ ___ , __ __ 

T.ll N., R.13 E ___ .. ____ ........ ....... -...... :. 

_T.ll N., R.14 J!l--.. ---... --....... _ ........... .. T.11 N., R.15 E .. _____ ................. _, _____ _ 

T.ll N., R.l6E. __ , _______ -____ ......... ___ , __ 

T.11N., R:17 E .......... -- .. ------- __ , __ .... .. 

T.ll N., R.l8 E ..... _ ....... ______ -- .. -- ...... .. T.ll N., R.11l E. ... : ________________________ ... . 

T. 12 N., R. 8-E. ___ , ___ ........... _·_ .. __ .. _____ _ 

T.12 N., R. 9E._ ...... --.. --............. ___ .. __ 

T.12 N., R.lO E ............... ____ .. __ .. , ____ __ 

T.l2N., R. 11 E ...................... -........ .. T.12N., R.l2E_ __ , ____ .... __ , .. _______ , __ , __ 

T.12 N., R. 13 E _______ ...... -............ ___ .. .. 

T.12 N., R.14 E._ .. ____ · ... -: .... · .... _ .... ____ ,. __ 

T. 12 N., R. 15 E .. -.. --.---- ........ _______ .. __ _ 

T.12N., R.16E ___ ,_______ ................ .. 

T: 12N., R.l7E. .... _ ................... ______ _ 

'f.12N:, R.18 E _______ ,_________ .......... . 

T.13N., R. 7 E ........ ____________ .. _ 

T. 13 N., R. 8 E ..... _ .... ; ___________ .......... .. 

T.13 N., R. 9 E .. ______ , ______ ..... - _______ .. __ 

T.l!l N., R. 10 E ______ ....... ______ .. ____ _ 

T. 13 N., R. 11 E ........... -.... --------------

T. 13 N., R. 1~ E. __ , __ ....... ___ .. -------------- T.13N., R.13E ________ .... _ .. ________________ __ 

T.13 N., R. 14 E_ _________________ : ____ , ____ , __ 

T.l3N., R-15 E .. _____ .. ___ .. _____ , _________ ::. 

T.14 N., R. 7 E ______ , ____________ .. __ · ....... : .. 

T.14N., R. 8E ________ , ____ ,, ______ .. : ___ .. · __ 

T.14N., R. OE ____ ................... __________ _ 

T.14N., R.lOE _______ , _______ .... ... : ..... ~--

T.l4 N., R.ll E _______ ........... -.... -..... . 

T.l4 N., R.12 E ______________ , ______ .... ______ _ 

T. 14 N., R.13 E--------------------- .... -...... _ T. 15 N., R. 6 E __________ , ________ .. ________ .. __ 

T.15 N., R. 7 E .............. ____ .. ___________ ,_ 

T.15 N., R. 8 E------.. ----------------- .... - ..... T.15 N., R. 9 E ______ .... ____ , _________ .. ______ _ 

T.15 N., R. 10 E __________ .. ____________ .. _ ..... _ 

T.15 N., R.ll E--------------------------------- T.l5N., R.12E ______________________ , _____ , __ 

Trails, routes of ____ -------------------------------- Trees, species of, list of . _____ .. ____ .... _________ -__ _ 

Underbrush, character oL ......... ---------- ..... . Water supply, conditions of. ____ ..... ____________ __ 

White fir. See Fir, white. 

White Mountain Prairie, view of, plate showing_ 

White pine. See Pine, white. 

Woodland, percentage of ..... _ , ________ ------ ___ _ 

Yellow pine. See Pine, yellow. 

Page. 

47 

3!!-40 

41 

41-42 

42 

43-44 

37-38 

38-39 

39 

40 

28-29 

31 

32-<33 

34 

.35 

36 

37 

38 

21 

22-23 

24-25 

26-27 

29 

31-

33 

34 

35-il6 

36 

37 

20 

21 

23 

25 

27 

20-30 

3'2 

33-34 

3j 

20 

22 

24 

25-26 

27-28 

30 

32 

20 

20 

22 

24 

26 

23 

30 

19 

15 

19 

·m 

16 

12 
• 

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

(Professional Paper No. 23.] 

The serial publications ·of the tJ nited States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, (2) 

Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply and 

Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographical Atlas of the United States-folios and separate sheets thereof, 

(8) Geologic Atlas of the United States-folios thereof .. The elasses numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at 

cost of publication; the others arc distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had on 

·application. 

The 'Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, and 

the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified into the following series: A, 

Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology mid paleontology; D, Petrography 

and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and physics; F', Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irriga· 

tion; J, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic iii\·~sdgations; N, Water power; 0, U~derground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. This paper is 

the eighth in series H, the complete list of which follows (all are Professional Papers thus far): 

SERIES II, FORESTRY. 

4. The forests of Oregon, by Henry Gannett. 1902. 36 pp., 7 pis. 

5. The forests of Washington, a revision of estimates, by Henry Gannett. 1902. 38 pp., 1 pl. 

6. Forest conditions in the Cascade Range, Washington, between the Washington and Mount Rainier forest reserves, 

by F. G. Plummer. 1902. 42 pp., 11 pis. 

7. Forest conditions in the Olympic Forest Reserve, Washington, from notes by Arthur Dod well and T. F. Rixon. 

1902. 110 pp., 20 pis. 

8. Forest conditions in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, by J. B. Lei berg. 1902. 194 pp., 12 pis. 

9. Forest conditions in the Case1ule Range Forest Reserve, Oregon, by A. D. Langille, F. G. Plummer, Arthur Dod well, 

T. F. Rixon, and J. H. Leiberg, witb lUI introduction by Henry Gannett. 1903. 298 pp., 41 pis. 

22. Forest conditions in the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve, Arizomt, by J. B. Leiberg, T. F. Rixon, and 

Arth'ur Dod well, with an introduction by F. G. Plummer. 1904. 95 pp., 7 pis. 

23. Forest conditions in the Black l\Iesa Forest Reserve, Arizona, prepared by F. G. Plummer from notes by T. F. Rixon 

and Arthur Dod well. 19()<L 62 pp., 7 pls. 

Besides the foregoing, three volumes on forestry have been published, as Pt. V of the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and 

Twenty-first nnn uul reports, each consisting of several papers. 

Correspondence should be addressed toTHE DIRECTOR, 

Ul'rTEn' STATES GEoLoGICAL SuRi'EY, 

WASIIINGTON, D. C. 

i\fAY, 1904, 

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. 

[Mount each slip upon a separate card, placipg the subject at the top of the 

second. slip. The name of the series should not be repeated on the series 

card, but additional numbers should be added, as received, to the first 

entry.] 

Plummer, F[red] G. 

. . . Forest conditions in the Black Mesa forest 

reserve, Arizona,. prepared by F. G. Plummer from 

notes by Theodore F. Rixon and Arthur Dodwell. 

Washington, Gov't prin.t. off., 1904. · 

62, III p. 7 pl. (incl. map, di~gr.) 29! x 23•m. (U. S. Geological survey. Professional paper no. 23.) 

Subject series: H, Forestry, ~-

Plummer, F[red] G . 

. . . Forest conditions in the Black Mesa forest 

reserve, Arizona, prepared by F. G. Plummer from 

notes by Theodore F. Rixon and Arthur Dodwell. ~ :So Washington, Gov't print. off., 1904. 

" >:11 

"' 

62, lii p. 7 pl. (incl. map, diagr.) 29~ x 23•m. (U. S. Geological sur· 

vey. Professional paper no. 23.) 

Subjectseries: H. Forestry, 8. 

U. S. Geological survey. 

Professional papers. 

i no. 23. Plummer, F. G. Forest conditions in the Black rL! 

Mesa forest reserve,, Ariz., prepared by F. G. 

Plummer from notes by T. F. Rixon and A. 

Dodwell. 1904. 

U. S. Dept. of the Interior. 

see also 

U. S. Geological survey. 

608-No. 23-04-5 III