Research Note 85-50

BASIC SKILLS RESOURCE CENTER:

Information Components Needs

Assessment Report 0

URocco P. Russo, Charlene Rivera

Judi Dover DeCarme, and Arthur French

InterAmerica Research Associates

for

Contracting Officer's Representative

Richard P. Kern

Instructional Technology Systems Technical Area

Zita M. Simutis, Chief

TRAINING RESEARCH LABORATORY

Harold F. O'Neil, Jr., Director

OTIC"M

OCT 1 7I

U. S. Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

-May 1985

r- Approved for public release; distribution unmimited.

,~,o

... . .. .. .-. . N
U. S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

A Field Operating Agency under the Jurisdiction of the

Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

L. NEALE COSBY

EDGAR M. JOHNSON Colonel, IN

Technical Director Commander

rII

IC P ,7~o

'4.

This report, as submitted by the contractor, has been cleared for releame to Defense Technical Information Center

(DTIC) to comply with regulatory requirements. It has been given no primary distribution other than to DTIC

end will be available only through DTIC or other reference services suc as the National Technical Information

Service (NTISI. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report re those of the authorsi and

should not be construed as an official Depatmenm of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless to designated

by other official documentation.
UNCLASSIFIED

SECUMITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date D.t ngqgd

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFOR MLETINORM

I. REPORT NUMB it1.'JT ACCESSION NO. S- RECIPIENT5S CATALOG NUMBER

ARI Research Note 85-50 V40- A/ 0 0

AL TITLE Can Sub.) S. TYPE OF REPORT A PER40 COVERED

BASIC SKILLS RESOURCE CENTER: Information Component Interim Report

Needs Assessment Report Feb. 1982 - Sept. 1984

S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUNUER

7. AUTNOR(o) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMNER(,)

Russo, R.P.; Rivera, C.; DeCarme, J; French, A. HDA 903-82-C-0169

S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK

InterAmerica Research Associates, Inc. AREAa WORK UNIT NUMBERS

1555 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 508 2Q263743A794,

Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 311, 2102

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS I2. REPORT CATE

U.S. Army Research Institute in the Behavioral and May 1985

Social Sciences, 5001 Eisenhower Avenue, IS. NUMBER OF PAGES

Alexandria, Virginia, 22333-5600 70

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AO0RESS(II different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of 0ale tepe )

4

Unclassified

Se. OEC.AssIFICATION/ DOWN GRADING

SCHMEDULE

IS. DISTRISUTION STATEMENT (of Ohio Reo.tJ

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIOUTION STATEMENT (of Me ob&uc weum In, Xlfok 2, I dilerent bor Repot)

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Richard P. Kern, contracting officer's representative

1t. KEY WORDS (Contina. on revers siEe i.t neoo.. and Identify by block numb*?)

'Adult Education/ Eduscatioi

* Army Education Information System; Information Centers*

. Army Continuing Education System, Information Systems)

Computer-Based Information Systems Technical Information Centers. -

_ Computer Applications,;

20. A8SRACr (C"tee ao o v oI M f me"od identify by block mumbot)

-" \he Military Educators Resource Network (MERN) is a part of the Basic Skills

Resource Center, which provides military educators with the information they

need on basic skills and continuing education. This report (1) details

needs assessment procedures, (2) presents a synthesis of the data collected,

and (3) provides recommendations for the design and operation of the MERN.

information center. -

. JAN FM 731 W 3 ETIoN 61 Or I NOV 65 1 OBSOLETE UNCLA SIF EDDoeE tfd

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TlS PAGE (When'Dat¢ EnteE)

. -. . -. . . . .
FOREWORD

The Instructional Technology Systems Technical Area, U.S.

Army Research Institute (ARI), conducts research in support of Training. This research on an education information system was initiated -, in response to a request from the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff

of Personnel (ODCSPER) to disseminate knowledge and techniques to

users on state-of-the-art educational research and practices.

As part of the task of developing and implementing an information center, a database of Army specific information was established.

The needs assessment report shows how decisions were made about what

information was required by Army personnel. Through the careful use of

surveys and interviews the scope of the database was identified. This

database of information on resources relevant to adult basic skills

educational research and program development is being used to aid the

Army's educational community in sharing information for program improvement.

°.4

I.

.

-S

5'

* iii

5%j

5%
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Basic Skills Resource Center

Information Component Needs Assessment Report

InterAmerica Research Associates has been contracted by the U.S. Army

Research Institute (ARI) to develop and operate the Basic Skills Resource

Center (BSRC). The BSRC project has two interfacing components: the

implementation and monitoring of basic research in the area of adult basic

skills and continuing education; and the design, implementation, and

operation of an information service. This report describes the conduct and

*. results of a needs assessment undertaken to provide an empirical base for

the design of the information component. In addition the report provides a

set of recommendations for the design and operation of the information

service, and identifies policy implications relevant to the BSRC

information component.

. The needs assessment was designed to acquire a pool of information that

would assist project staff in the specification of an operational plan for

the information component. Specifically, the following objectives were

addressed:

" to determine who would be the major users of the

information service,

0 to assess the information needs of potential user

groups,

o to identify the scope of the database to be developed,

o to identify the services that should be made available,

and

" to determine how information should be made available

to users.

" Data were collected between April and June 1982. Data collection

activities included: distribution of a questionnaire targeted for ESOs and

SV

- w.-.. "**"p , ' : .,s , - *- .- . . * *.*\*'% ..
ESSs; telephone and in-person interviews with Army educators/practitioners,

researchers and policymakers, and site visits to two MACOHs, four

installation education centers, and three military libraries/learning

centers as well as reviews of Army regulations and documents.

The needs assessment findings revealed that the target groups for the

information service would be practitioners, researchers, and policymakers

" within the Department of the Army. The greatest proportion of potential

users was found to be the practitioner/educator group which includes ESOs,

,. counselors, other education personnel at Army installations, and the

Director of Education and education staff at the MACOHS.

No specific trends with regard to major subject areas to be addressed by

the information system were found. Potential users identified a wide range

of topics. These included: counseling information related to career

planning and guidance and computer-based guidance systems; education

- information related to basic skills curricula, instructional materials and

tests as well as computer-assisted instruction; management information

"" related to contracting requirements, needs assessment techniques, program

. and curriculum evaluation techniques and research methods; and general

military information regarding demographic data, and research and programmatic efforts in operation at other military installations.

Useful formats for this information cited by the potential user groups

included abstracts of individual documents, bibliographies, curriculum and

* learning materials, literature searches, newsletters, referral services,

research summaries of several documents and statistical data. Potential

users provided little guidance in estimating the frequency of use of an

vi

- . * ... ,, *** ~ .o; .,.; . ;. ,, , ... , : *,- ; . ,; .m . ..
information service. Generally, it was reported that the information

center would be used approximately once a month.

The preferred method of accessing the information center was found to be by

computer, with telephone access considered an acceptable alternative

method. All potential users indicated a need for prompt turnaround time

for the receipt of information once a request was submitted. The most

frequently accepted turnaround time period was stated to be three to four

days.

Based on these findings several recommendations were noted regarding design

considerations for the information center. First, the service should

include a computerized information database and inquiry response system

that actively reaches out to users and supplies them with information based

on specific requests as well as anticipated requests. Second, the services

-. to be offered by the information center should be targeted to educators/

practitioners associated with Army education programs since this was the

audience most likely to use the information services. Third, the focus of

services and subject areas to be addressed by the information center should

. be limited to those areas identified by the primary target group. Fourth,

the services offered by the information center should include a proactive

component to encourage and stimulate user requests. Finally, telephone

access would be the primary mode of accessing the information center, and

* an established schedule of expected response turnaround time should be

"" established.

vii

*? 4' ~4K~C*... '~~~

' " "" "" ° : " "" ' ' " : ' " o"'.," '.." *,'*''. v'''' "€ '''
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report describes the needs assessment undertaken in the

*development of the Basic Skills Resource Center Information Center.

It represents work performed between April and September 1982.

Art French, Judi Dover DeCarme, Rocco Russo, Charlene Rivera (all of

InterAmerica Research Associates), and Brian Bush, and Beverly Bufford

of ARI comprised the data collection team. Art French played a major

role in the design of the needs assessment. Together with Judi Dover

DeCarme he was responsible for writing the first draft of this

report.

We wish to acknowledge all those who assisted us in the conduct of the

study: the policymakers at TAGO; the researchers at ARI; the

Education Program staff at TRADOC and FORSCOM; the ESOs who completed

*i the Needs Assessment Questionnaire and who responded to the telephone

survey interviews; and the ESOs and education staff members from Forts

Dix, Bragg, and McPherson.

We also wish to thank Maria Crowley, Jane Itzel, Cindy Swiggard, and

Donald Warrick for their clerical support in revising the many drafts

"- of the report.

Charlene Rivera

Director of Information Services

.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

U.LIST OF EXHIBITS. . .................... ......... . vii

................................................................................. Vii

Chapter 1 BACKGROUND ..................................... 1.1

Preliminary Need's Assessment Activities ............. 1.1

Identification of ARI Assumptions................ 1.1

Identification of Potential Users .............. 1.2

Identification of Sources of Information ........... 1.2

Needs Assessment Plan. .. .. .. . .. .. ........... . .. .. .. 1 .3

Data Collection Procedures ............ ....... 1.4

Data Synthesis and Analysis .................... 1.5

Chapter 2 SYNTHESIS OF NEEDS ASSESSMENT DATA ............ 2.1

Data Sources ...................... 0.......... 2.1

Education Center Survey..............0......... 2.2

Installation Interviews............. . ... .... 2.2

MACOM Interviews ..... *............... 0............. 2.4

TAGO Interviews ................. 0............. 2.6

A RI Interviews ............... *.................. 2.8

Review of Army Documents and Visits to

Libraries and Information Centers ............ 2.12

xi
Page

Findings......................................... 2.14

Currently Available Sources of Information ........ 2.14

Potential user-groups ......................... 2.15

Subject Areas to be Included in the Information

Center.........0....................... 2.16

Desired Formats for Information Center Products ... 2.16

Frequency of Use of Information Center............ 2.19

Preferred Methods of Accessing the Information

C enter *........................o........2.20

Turnaround Time.............................. 2,20

*Chapter 3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE

INFORMATION CENTER .......... . ... . .. . . .. ..... 3.1

Summary of Proposed Recommendations.................. 3.1

Currently Available Sources of Information......... 3.1

Potential User Groups .. . .. ... . ....... .. .. .. . . .. 3.2

Subject Areas to be Included in the Information

C enter ................................. 3.3

Frequency of Use of the Information Center ........ 3.4

Preferred Methods for Accessing the Information

C enter ...................... ..... 3.5

Turnaround Time ..... . ...... ...... . ...... 3.8

Conclusion .... 0.................................. 3.8

Appendix A BSEP Needs Assessment Materials ........... A.1

*Appendix B Bibliography of Materials Examined ........... 8.1

xii
LIST OF EXHIBITS

Number Page

1.1 Data Collection Process ............................ 1.4

1.2 Needs Assessment Data Sources ..................... 1.6

2.1 Education Center Survey

Table of Results ............................. 2.1

2.2 Installation Needs Assessment Interviews

Table of Results ............................ 2.5

2.3 MACOM Needs Assessment Interviews

Table of Results ............................ 2.7

2.4 TAGO Needs Assessment Interviews

Table of Results ............................ 2.9-

2.10

2.5 The Army Research Institute Needs Assessment Interviews

Table of Results .................. 2.11

2.6 Assessment of Information Needs Based on Army

Documents and Visits to Libraries and

Information Centers .............................. 2.13

2.7 Top Priority Information Needs .................... 2.17

2.8 Additional Information Needs of Practitioners/

Educators .......................... 2.17

2.9 Additional Information Needs of Researchers

and Policymakers ........................... 2.18

.

xi o

•d
* PREFACE

The Department of the Army is strongly committed to providing

educational and training opportunities to its soldiers in order to

ensure that they will possess the skills necessary to learn and

perform their Army jobs. The primary delivery system for educational

opportunities provided to soldiers is the Army Continuing Education

System (ACES). The ACES program is an integrated system of voluntary

career and self-developmental education opportunities. Overall, ACES

*. has been designed to improve individual skills and knowledge through

*education. Thus, a range of educational opportunities are included in

ACES. Examples include: the Basic Skills Education Program (BSEP),

the High School Completion Program (HSCP), the Advanced Skills

* Education Program (ASEP), college preparatory courses, English as a

- Second Language (ESL), and others.

,%

In an effort to expand and improve BSEP, the Army has awarded a

contract to InterAmerica Research Associates, Inc. to develop and

operate the Basic Skills Resource Center (BSRC). Funded through the

Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI),

• .contract number MDA 903-82-C-0169, the BSRC project has been

. conceptualized to assist the Army in meeting its research and

- information needs relative to basic skills education. The BSRC is

* composed of two interfacing components: a research component and an

- information component.

S.

xv

* 5 * ******B

j

*%*'************* . . . . . . . .
The research component has been designed to develop and implement a

plan of related research activities relevant to basic skills education

in the Army. A research plan has been developed by InterAmerica and

ARI personnel that includes the conduct of five interrelated research

studies which would contribute to research findings in the areas of

*basic skills education, learning strategies, and if feasible,

*, application of educational technology to these research topics.

Following the completion of these activities a research conference is

to be held in order to share the research results, findings, and

recommendations with selected members of the research community. It

*is also anticipated that the proceedings of this conference will be

formally published and disseminated in order to enhance the use of

these research contributions.

"* The second focus of the BSRC project includes an information component

" designed to develop and operate an Information Center whose purpose is

to provide researchers, policymakers, and practitioners within the

°* Department of the Army with information that is responsive to their

*training and research needs. Prior to the development and

implementation of a design for the Information Center, several key

questions had to be answered. For example: what types of services

should be offered by the Information Center; what audiences should be

served by the Information Center; what type of material should be

included in the database; and others. In order to answer this pool of

questions, project staff designed and conducted a needs assessment.

xvi

"'' = 4 - i~il~4 ... 2Kl'ii 
The purpose of this report is to describe in detail the needs

assessment activities undertaken and successfully completed by project

staff. This report is intended to present a synthesis of the data

collected, to provide a set of recommendations for the design and

operation of the Information Center, and to identify some policy

implications relevant to the BSRC information component.

Rocco P. Russo

Project Director

xvii

. .. -'x '= a, . - & - = = i - . ' ..... * S S .. .. ... . .. . -" . .. .
INTRODUCTION

• Policymakers in the Department of the Army (DA) have indicated that

I although a great deal of research literature exists in the area of

basic skills education, access to this information is poor. As a

consequence of this finding, ARI was given the responsibility of

devising ways for providing better access to information pertinent to

basic skills educational research and practice. In an effort to

respond to this challenge, ARI has charged InterAmerica Research

Associates with the responsibility of designing and implementing an

Information Center which has the purpose of providing a "knowledge

base for users involved in the delivery of services and research in

* basic skills."

-A needs assessment was designed by InterAmerica staff to assist in the

clarification of this mandate. ARI and InterAmerica staff concurred

that the Information Center should respond to the real needs of its

" users. In other words, it was not assumed that basic skills should be

*i the sole focus of the proposed Information Center. For this reason,

*- it was decided that the needs assessment to be undertaken by

InterAmerica should serve as one of the major indicators for defining

the operational scope of the proposed Information Center. That is,

the needs assessment should provide guidance in specifying who should

i" be served by the Information Center, the content areas that should be

*included in the database, and how the information should be accessed.

0i

i xix

V°. " v . ' ''-'.'.'....0.'.', ' ..- *.- .. - ".. ... .
Needs assessment activities described in this report were undertaken

* between April and July 1982. In general, the purpose of the needs

assessment was to obtain information that could be used as an

empirical base for the design of the Information Center.

Specifically, activities were intended to:

o assess the information needs of potential user

groups;

0 identify what information should be included in

the center's database(s); and

0 determine how that information should be made

available to users.

Potential users were identified and queried as to their existing

information sources and needs. User needs were defined as a condition

in which there is a discrepancy between an acceptable or desired state

of affairs and an existing or current state of affairs. The extent of

this discrepancy is an indicator of the intensity of the shortcomings

of information resources identified by potential users and offers one

condition for establishing content priorities to be addressed by the

Information Center. Other conditions or factors to be considered when

establishing priorities are: judged importance of expressed needs,

the relevance of expressed needs, the number of persons identifying

the same needs, or the feasibility of initiating a solution to

eliminate the need.

Information resulting from the needs assessment activities, summarized

in this report, is expected to and should be considered as only one

-factor leading to decisions concerning who is to be serviced and what

XX

.5 5 * **- 5** *.0. . .

.o* , * *\ 5** * * * * . -. V
services are to be provided. It is thus recognized that factors such

as resource availability, budget constraints, and conditions within

the Army will be influential in finally determining the content areas,

d formats of information, and general services to be made available by J

the proposed Information Center.

xxi

° !
Chapter 1

BACKGROUND

Preliminary Needs Assessment Activities

The basic intent of the needs assessment was to acquire a pool of

*information that would assist InterAmerica project staff to specify a

*design and operational plan for the Information Center. Thus, needs

assessment activities were planned which would permit contact with a

representative sample of individuals within DA who shared an interest

*in the Information Center.

Preliminary activities included the identification of:

o the assumptions held by ARI personnel regarding

the scope and services to be provided by an

Information Center;

0 the potential users of the Information Center;

and

o relevant Army education information resources.

v The results of these planning activities are briefly delineated below.

This discussion is followed by a description of the needs assessment

plan.

Identification of ARI Assumptions. ARI staff assumptions regarding

the scope and services to be provided by the Information Center were

determined through formal and informal meetings and conversations.

-. These assumptions were that:

o the Information Center would include one or more

databases related to Army education;

) 1.1

5,

__ _ i~~e :li lai i i - *|. . . . ....
0 materials would be identified, collected and made

available to users of the Information Center;

0 the scope of the Information Center would be

determined through user needs and budgetary

constraints; and

o the Information Center would be designed so as to

facilitate its phaseover to a military

*non-research and development agency.

*4 Identification of Potential Users. Potential users were identified by

*ARI staff. They included Education Service Officers (ESOs), Education

Service Specialists (ESSs), education center counselors, Directors of

Education, ARI researchers, and the staff at the Adjutant General's

Office (TAGO). Other potential users of an Information Center were to

be identified through the formal needs assessment.

Identification of Sources of Information. Sources of information

relevant to the Army education mission were identified by ARI staff.

* They included:

o the ARI Information Center;

o the information service provided by ARI personnel;

and

0 information and materials which address Army 4regulations, basic skills, needs assessment, and

Army information needs.

In addition, InterAmerica Project Staff conducted database searches to

determine what relevant basic skills education information currently

"* exists and how easily the information would be accessible.

- Information gathered from these preliminary activities provided a

knowledge base from which a more formal needs assessment plan was

defined.

1.2

e . '

1%%% :-1
Needs Assessment Plan

The needs assessment plan was designed to answer the following

questions:

o Who should the Information Center serve?

o What services should be provided by the

Information Center?

o What products should be available through the

Information Center?

The plan delineated the users to be surveyed, identified survey

instruments and interview guidelines to be developed, and outlined

procedures for data synthesis and analysis. Data collection

activities were structured and completed between April and June, 1982.

.- The following discussion provides the details as to how data were

collected and synthesized, the type(s) of data collected, as well as

the sources of data.

*- ARI and InterAmerica staff jointly identified the potential users to

be contacted. It was determined that the needs assessment activities

- should include a survey of ESO's, in-person and/or telephone

-. interviews with personnel at TAGO, ARI, and selected Army

installations. Four Army bases, two Major Commands (MACOMs) and two

installations, were ultimately selected for site visits. The four

• .bases included Forts Dix, Bragg, Monroe (Training and Doctrine Command

(TRADOC) headquarters), and McPherson (Forces Command (FORSCOM)

headquarters).

1.3 2,. ~ - ~ % ' * * * *. - * . * % ** '

. % * 4 *% ,*a ' m~ * *. **
Data Collection Procedures. Exhibit 1.1 provides a summary

description of the data collection process. It provides an overview

of when data collection took place, what user groups were surveyed,

and what collection method(s) were utilized.

Exhibit 1.1

Data Collection Process

Data Collection Potential Data Collection Date

Activity User Group(s) Method Completed

ACES Conference ESOs, ESSs Written April 15, 1982

n = 28 Questionnaire

Telephone Survey ESOs,ESSs Telephone June 6, 1982

n = 38 Interview

TAGO Policymakers In-person May 12 & 17, 1982

n = 13 Interviews

Fort Dix Installation In-person June 14, 1982

(TRADOC) level Interviews

education staff

n= 5

Fort Bragg Installation Telephone June 23, 1982

(FORSCOM) level Interview

education staff

n: l

* Fort Monroe MACOM-level In-person June 14, 1982

(TRADOC education staff Interviews

Headquarters) n = 2

Fort McPherson MACOM-level In-person June 15, 1982

- (FORSCOM education, staff Interviews

Headquarters) n 5

ARI Researchers In-person June 18 & 25, 1982

n : 7 Interviews

Library and Education staff In-person site June 14, 1982

learning centers n =3 visits and

document review

1.4
The first data collection effort required the development of an

Information Resource Center Questionnaire (see Appendix A) to be

utilized with Army education personnel who attended the ACES

Conference in Colorado Springs in April, 1980. This same

questionnaire was used by ARI staff to conduct a worldwide telephone

survey of ESOs in eight different Major Commands. The intent of the

telephone survey was to supplement and validate the data collected

during the ACES conference.

Interview guidelines (see Appendix A) for data collection among a wide

range of potential users were also developed. The purpose of these

guidelines was to provide InterAmerica staff with a standard interview

format which would provide consistency to the type of data solicited

and provide a structure for subsequent synthesis of the information.

In addition, an information packet was developed for use during the

in-person interviews. The purpose of the packet was to provide

researchers and educators with examples of services that could be

offered by an information center.

Data Synthesis and Analysis. Data synthesis and analysis activities

were planned and conducted in three stages. Stage one involved the

compilation of individual interview summaries. Stage two involved the

aggregation of interview and questionnaire data. Stage three involved

a final data aggregation which produced a synthesis of information

relevant to the design and operation of an information center.

1.5

.'--.- -.. . ,,," , :, ._===, _.. . L' ,. --d . ' * ,...-... .......- -. *'- " *. ,.-* **.. ...- ,-..- .* 
In the first stage, individual summaries were developed for each

interview conducted. This provided each interviewer with the

opportunity to complete any information gaps in their individual

reports.

The second stage of data synthesis involved an aggregation of

information collected from similar data sources. This was done in

order to produce an information needs profile for each potential user

group. For example, all TAGO data were aggregated to produce an

information needs profile for policymakers; ARI data were aggregated

* to produce an information needs profile for researchers, etc. Exhibit

1.2 provides a summary of the data sources which were combined to

produce the aggregated needs assessment summaries.

Exhibit 1.2

Needs Assessment Data Sources

Data Sources Potential User Group

TAGO interviews Policymakers

ARI interviews Researchers

MACOM-level interviews Education Program

Staff

ESO questionnaire and Education Staff and

telephone survey Practitioners

Installation-level Education Staff and

- interviews Practitioners

Army regulation 621-5, Policymakers, Researchers

documents, library interviews and Practitioners

and learning center

interviews

1 .
Stage three of the data synthesis and analysis activities consisted of

the aggregation of information described in the individual user

reports. The analysis provided a means of identifying issues and

recommendations for the following items related to the Information

Center.

o usability of currently available sources of

information;

o potential user groups;

o subject areas to be included in a database;

o desired format of products to be produced;

o potential frequency of use;

0 preferred methods of accessing the Information

Center; and

o acceptable turnaround time for information

requests.

*. The following section of this report provides a discussion of each of

these items based on summaries of the needs assessment data and their

outcomes.

"1.

1.

.. .. . . . . . . . .. .% ,.g~%
. , , , _.~jW ~ o _. - L _ . ,m : .-- ,- • q .

Chapter 2

SYNTHESIS OF NEEDS ASSESSMENT DATA

*Provided in this section are a set of summaries based on the results

of data collected from:

o Education center personnel via a written

questionnaire administered at the ACES Conference

in Colorado Springs and a telephone survey of ten

MACOMs throughout the world;

o Education Center Staff at the Installation-level;

o Education Center staff and policymakers at the

MACOM level;

" Policymakers at the Adjutant General's Office;

" Researchers at ARI; and

o An assessment of needs based on the review of

materials and sources of information relevant to

the development of an information center.

Each summary provides a brief description of the outcomes resulting

from each data collection effort. Based on these summaries, relevant

findings are identified pertinent to key issues related to the

development of the Information Center.

_ Data Sources

*- Synthesis an analysis of the needs assessment data provided summaries

or profiles of potential user groups as well as a profile of

information resouces currently available to these user groups. These

*- profiles are identified and discussed below.

2.1
*Education Center Survey. A survey of Education Center personnel was

undertaken in two separate data collection efforts in order to assess

the needs of Army education personnel and to obtain information which

would assist in the design of an information resource center. One

effort undertaken with Army Education Center personnel including ESOs,

ESSs, counselors, instructors, and other Army education staff involved

the distribution of a questionnaire at the April 15, 1982 ACES

conference in Colorado Springs. A total of 28 completed surveys were

collected. In addition, a followup survey was undertaken via

telephone by ARI staff in order to supplement and validate the data

collected at the ACES conference.

Respondents to these survey efforts were predominantly ESOs (greater

than 64%). However, some responses were obtained from Education

Service Specialists (ESSs), counselors, instructors, and other

* education staff. Installations surveys included responses from

FORSCOM (23%), DARCOM (17%), TRADOC (27%), USAREUR (21%), and other

MACOMs (12%). Responses to the questions varied greatly among the

respondents, both within and between MACOMs. Approximately 40% of the

respondents reported that an information resource center would be

extremely useful in improving their educational programs. Thirty-four

- percent reported that an information center would be moderately useful

. and 26% indicated that it would only be slightly useful or not useful

at all. The combined results of the questionnaire and telephone

-surveys are summarized in Exhibit 2.1.

Installation Interviews. ESOs and other education staff members at

* Fort Dix (TRADOC) and Fort Bragg (FORSCOM) were interviewed in June

2.2

__. '.... . . . . . .~ .. %. .... .. . .. . .
C.

a U,

U.

US

zj 6

01

U.

W 0

II.

aU

uj~

a -, 

a 4c Lu 6

vs.L '

z UU

*j L

MCA 4

- In c 0

'~ 0.1 o

L6 c

-J6 IA' 0 

LoC

Mi, .14 £z

Uf Ib 1. . *~~ z.0ID

U 0 - I

V' V ID 41 ID. 

~ID : ~ ~a1

Mi n 3 *~2ID-3
1982. The purposes of the on-site interviews were to validate

* information collected through the questionnaire and telephone survey,

and to explore in greater depth some of the issues influencing the

design of an information center. The Fort Dix interviews were

conducted on-site, while the Fort Bragg interview was completed by

telephone. These installations were chosen because they serve a very

large number of soldiers and offer extensive educational programs.

*The initial response of ESOs and staff members to the idea of an

information center was that they perceived no need for an information

_- center, especially since their options for developing and implementing

* education programs are constrained by contracting procedures.

However, as the idea was further explored through the interview, the

-* respondents began to identify areas where they did, in fact, have

information needs. In principal there was agreement that an

information center could be useful to them.

The ESOs indicated that they would make use of an information center

if it was truly responsive to their needs. Other potential user

groups they identified were counselors, other Army education

personnel, and contractors that are developing education programs for

the installations. Specific details of the results of the

installation needs assessment interviews are summarized in

- Exhibit 2.2.

MACOM Interviews. Interviews were conducted with personnel at two

Army MACOMs -- TRADOC and FORSCOM on June 14, 1982. Nine Army and

2.4.

4.. * . ... .%* _Zf... . . . "_:... . . .. ... . ,.
.- - >.. - - - - - - - - - -- -

aM

dl V

-

-u a

!j

L" to-a

cc-

- 6 

to, c ~

Vold -ma

mi -0 -- z

p-t lot3 W

In 0 l C,

27 0 c c 4. m

u 2 22 A -

U, mc CL i.-2

U,~ ~ ~ > = MA 00 v 2.I 0 d. MAu -0 2 Z6 

~ C0

4A- I 2w

I , I

- - -255
4' civilian staff were interviewed including the Director of Education 4.

for each of the MACOHs visited, ESOs, counselors, and other education

center staff. The purposes of the interviews were to assess the needs

of MACON-level staff, to identify what information should be included

in an information center, and to clarify how that information should

be made available to users. Responses to issues varied between

installation-level and MACOM-level staff but were consistent within a

command level.

The usefulness of, and need for, an information center was reported to

be somewhat limited. The Directors of Education indicated that their

managerial and policy decisions were generally guided by DA policy and

regulations. Thus they indicated little or no need for an information

center. Education Service Specialists, counselors, and other

education center staff reported a greater need for the services of an

information center but indicated very different, specific, and often

conflicting needs. Specific details of the results of the MACOH needs

assessment interviews are summarized in Exhibit 2.3.

TAGO Interviews. Thirteen members of The Adjutant General's Office

(TAGO) were interviewed between May 12 and May 17, 1982, concerning

their information needs. Perceptions of the need for an information

center varied widely among the interviewees. Several staff members

indicated that they saw no need for an information center. Analysis

of the data from the discussions did not reveal a predominant theme

"" for the scope or services that the Information Center should provide.

A consensus that resulted from these meetings, however, was the

inadvisability of limiting the scope of the Information Center to

2.6
a 10

vz -

-~ 0

6l

060I

0- c

o j

ara

-CC6

MA

z 6 2

&A 1.0' o .

6 SE

-0 6m

SM -c

4 ul

'a 6S 6

0.

W- u~ m

o - ~2V7

SM El VI %
*basic skills education. To be useful, respondents suggested that the

Information Center provide current information on a broad range of

topics.

Groups of potential users, in addition to the TAGO staff, were

*reported to include researchers, policymakers, practitioners, MACOMs,

ESOs, and counselors at installations. In discussing the potential

users, the issue of the military chain of command was raised. Some

interviewees felt that having ESOs directly contact the Information

. Center would not meet with the approval of installation commanders or

the Directors of Education at the MACOMs, thus posing a potential

-problem in operating the Information Center. Results of the TAGO

needs assessment interviews are summarized in Exhibt 2.4.

ARI Interviews. Interviews were conducted with seven ARI personnel

• .during June 1982. The purposes of the interviews were to assess the

" needs of ARI researchers, to identify what information should be

• included in an information center, and to discuss how that information

*' should be made available to users. Respondents included evaluation

* and curriculum design specialists associated with Army Basic Skills

"- Education Programs.

-Several respondents reported limited enthusiasm about their use of an

information center. They indicated that its usefulness would depend

greatly upon the type of information provided, its accessability, and

its responsiveness to the specific needs of individual users. Results

" of the interviews are summarized in Exhibit 2.5.

2.8

g q22 2 i. " - " . ", " ' ' " "-" "*" "-" * ". . -.- "" ." "" " ""- 
M -44m 

i> 41

0 o- 60-

0 v1 10 4

6" 40.410 aD

Li 4, 0 0. c-4 c 4

In.

&W -C41 0 -

- 0. C -c cva

Ii. 32 0 112 -0

taa

z2

Iaa

Z-4 0-c1

aa

00 0>

a Of 0- 4

w z3~ ' 1 1- 0 24-'z c .'1 41 24 1

0 ~ ~ ~ , Z ~ 72 aZ M1 ' 4 09* 

am 0C w1 Lu- fo A C, 0 .C

.4. ~ - 1 - U4 4124Aas'4

N~ ~~ 34 - 4

2 4 4 C 41 - .J4 4 "-2.9 4
IA.

UA

10

U. 0

Cc~

92 t ZU,

IV Iwo IV -; 2 Z C

SMVO V 0

2.1

a%
4A -

CL 0

u u

2 0

1.10

In

.j

.1 ~ .UA 

C5S 0- c 4

kA ~ 0 0 62 U; 

wA

WCC M 0 4) ) wa < e

C

- uM Q 0

-a 4141

A >.

C- 0 'A1

to 41 - U1 .- 'A m .C. 14 )-3 0 0

AI 0S 4 .0 6l'- 0 3:. 

In 0 x- C2 Q. 10146

- z. 1.4-C V1'A -U

4A C 'AC U 'A

1 2--0 41

2~~M I > 

L6 vC 0 V v41

-6 47. 4) 4

01 Q. - - I.2 aIn 41 1. c . F

w ~C '11 a .O~ fe %2 m -

0~c 01 - 144 41 - 4U 2 1

w 1.4-4 0 20.11. ' 0 
i

 a 777L

Review of Army Documents and Visits to Libraries and Information

Centers. In addition to interviews, telephone surveys, and

questionnaires, the needs assessment involved:

* o analysis of various Army documents related to ACES

activities; and

0 visits to libraries and information centers.

* The purposes of these activities were to acquire a broad

conceptualization of the Army's educational programs and to assess

- existing information resources and services that an information center

should not duplicate. This activity, summarized in Exhibit 2.6, took

place in June 1982 and involved a review of materials (see Appendix B

for a bibliography of materials examined) and visits to the Army

Research Institute Technical Information Center, the DARCOM Learning

Resource Center, and the Fort Dix MOS Library.

.

,=.

2.1
-a m

UZ 06 0

4 C'.

000

, '4 '

bt 4

00'. 4* 

w

o .0

Z0~ :- C6' 

cJ 41L W 40

z 0 0

- a

,A

ac a

II40 '

~.cc

I6 I- c w c

- 'a 0

Z3t -4 IjtZu

-4 - caa( 0, 0

-a -40

2 - 4 3v 01

0- 4. -u -1

ljS n ~ '4*. m

4- IV 2.13
Findings

.'

In the following section, the results from the various needs

assessment data collection effort are aggregated. The findings are

grouped according to the issues most relevant to the design of the

Information Center.

Currently Available Sources of Information. Interview respondents, as

a group, appeared to be quite resourceful in their information

* gathering techniques. The respondents stated that they often used

*- information sources outside the traditional realm of libraries and the

journal literature of their field.

Library resources cited as satisfying some of their information needs

included the the Army Library, installation libraries, the ARI

. Technical Information Center, the National Institute of Education

- Library, and the Human Resources Research Organization Library. Many

organizations and government agencies were also mentioned as being

* useful sources of information. These included the National Center for

*Education Statistics, the Defense Language Institute, the Office of

Retention and Recruitment, the State education agencies, and the

. contractors who provide education programs to installation personnel.

Some respondents also identified computerized databases which they had

found helpful in their work. The primary databases identified were:

" ERIC, NTIS, DTIC, MILPERCEN, OPTIMIS, and MIS (an internal technical

" report file at ARI). However, it was found that some ESOs were not

aware of the potential of computerized literature searches which are,

or should be, available to them.

2.14
In addition to these formal sources outside the Army chain of command,

it was reported that there is, of course, a flow of information within

the Army. The ESOs indicated that they often turn to other

installations, the MACOMs, the Army service schools, and the HQDA when

seeking information. In turn, the researchers and policymakers at ARI

and TAGO indicated that they contact personnel at the MACOM and

installation levels to gather background data that they may need.

Finally, the installation respondents indicated that their information

needs are often met by informal networks of ESOs and counselors who

regularly communicate with each other.

*, Potential User Groups. Practitioners, researchers, and policymakers

were identified as the potential target audiences who would use the

- i Information Center. Interview and questionnaire data indicated that

the largest proportion of potential users and the group most likely to

- use the Information Center's services would be the practitioners or

- educators. This group's currently available information sources are

less developed than those of other groups, and thus would have the

greatest need for the services that the Information Center could

provide. This group includes ESOs, counselors, other education

*Z personnel at the installations, the Director of Education, and

education staff at the MACOMs.

The second most likely group to use the Information Center is the

- research group. Although researchers, located at ARI have a plethora

of information resources available to them, it was reported that an

. information center with unique services in the area of Army education

." would be useful to them.

2.15

P+? .-.. :>...- ' __ -. .- *'-.. . - *. .. ** .-. , , .*.." ". .. ''" *. -i " " = -. " ' l ' ' ' . . -. . . . . ...------------------ . .... --------------------- -.- ---... " t.
Policymakers in The Adjutant General's Office, are another potential

user group. Although their information needs are generally supplied

through Army communication channels, they did report an occasional

need for background information or supporting evidence which could be

supplied by an up-to-date information center data bank.

Subject Areas to be Included in the Information Center. The breadth

of topics identified as information needs included a variety of

-subject areas beyond basic skills education. It was reported by many

*respondents that limiting the Information Center's scope to basic

skills would drastically reduce its usefulness to the target

. population.

The subject areas identified in the needs assessment activities are

*described in Exhibits 2.7 through 2.9. Exhibit 2.7 lists top priority

information needs. The list includes those topics which were

identified by two or more of the user groups. Exhibit 2.8 provides a

*. list of subject areas identified by the practitioners/educators group.

". Exhibit 2.9 catalogs subject areas cited in interviews with

researchers and policymakers as well as subject areas identified from

document analysis and library information center visits.

- Desired Formats for Information Center Products. Determining the

* subject areas to be included in the Information Center provides a very

useful starting point for designing services. However, it does not

answer the question of how the information acquired by the Center

should be repackaged to most appropriately meet the needs of users.

2.16

" . .. ....-.... *-*. .. -.. - -.-- *- . . . - . . .. - *.... . o * -. -.. . *-.. . .. . .*. . ., ,. . . .
EXHINIT 2.7

TOP PRIORITY INWORiATION NEEDS

SUBJECT AREAS

COUNSELING Career planning and guidance

Computer-based guidance systems

EDUCATION Basic skills curricula, instructional materials, and tests

Compucer-assisted instruction

MA14AGE1ENT Cont ract i ng requ i remen ts

Needs assessment techniques

Program and curriculum evaluation techniques

Research methods

MILITARY INFORMATION Demographic data

Research and programs at other installations and in other branches

of the military

* EUHLBIT 2'.8

AOITIONAL INFORMATION NEEDS OF PRACTITIONERS/EOUCATORS

SUBJECT AREAS

COMPUTER SYSTEMS Computer equipment evaluations

Computer system compatibility

Computer system evaluations

Software evaluations

EDUCATION Audiovisual courseware evaluations

Audiovisual equipment evaluations

Curriculum evaluations

Instructional design

Self-paced instructional programs

Specific skills:

Computation

EEL

Listening

Reading

Wri ctng

Tuition rates

MILITARY INFORPATION Directives and regulatory Information

2.17

.%
.-

d

EXHI8IT 2.9

AOOITIONAL INFORMATION NEEDS OF RESEARCHERS AMC POLICYMAKERS

SUBJECT AREAS

COUNSELING Career Maturity

Civilian labor market data

Cross-cultural counseling

Information on colleges. vocational schools, and other

educational institutions

EOUCATION Basic skills education

Functional basic skills

Educat ion research

Educational achievement levels

Information on colleges, vocational schools, and other

educational institutions

Li ceraiy standards

Psychology of learning

Quality assurance

Teaching methods

Tests and measurement

GOVERNMENT INFORMATION Federal budget appropriacions

State Education Agencies: policies, education requirements,

legal issues

MANAGEtENT Economic analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness

analysis

General management skills

Marketing educational programs

.

,2.1
•.Therefore, needs assessment questions included probes about the types

of information formats that would be most useful to the potential

users. The list below includes the formats that were named by two or

more groups:

o abstracts of individual documents;

o bibliographies;

o curriculum materials;

o learning materials;

o literature searches;

o newsletters;

o referral service;

o research summaries of several documents; and

o statistical data.

* Formats cited by only one group and which are not listed above

included: hard copies of entire documents, notices of conferences and

workshops, and teleconferences. None of these formats were suggested

by the primary user group (the educators/practitioners).

Frequency of Use of the Information Center. The potential use of the

Information Center depends on many factors. These include:

particular needs of potential users, an awareness that the Information

Center exists and can provide useful services, comprehensiveness and

currency of the available materials, the confidence users have in the

Information Center's capabilities and thoroughness, ease of access,

turnaround time, first impressions and experiences dealing with the

*. Information Center, and even the individual's own motivation. Because

2.19
*of these factors, individuals' estimations of their use of the

Information Center varied greatly.

The most often reported frequency of use was approximately once a

month. However, individuals also reported that they would use the

Information Center "frequently", "often", "sporadically", "rarely",

and "hardly ever." These responses do not provide guidance in

projecting the volume of use of the Information Center; they simply

indicate the difficulty in estimating its frequency of use.

Preferred Methods of Accessing the Information Center. Methods of

access offered as possible options in the needs assessment interviews

and survey questionnaires were computer, mail, and telephone. By far

the preferred choice was computer access, with telephone access

considered an acceptable alternative method.

Turnaround Time. Most of the individuals interviewed reported a need

for prompt turnaround time. Turnaround time is defined as the period

of time from submitting a request to the user receiving the

information. Acceptable reported turnaround times ranged from one day

to one month, with the most frequently reported time period being

- three to four days. Users generally reported that three to four days

was appropriate for an average request; for quick reference

information such as a name or address, a shorter turnaround should be

expected; and for requests which require a database search, research

synthesis, or other detailed information a longer turnaround time

would be acceptable.

2.20

'"" "" "". -. ';-;/' " "' ,",-" "- "" %!%"- " '",'""'" '. ' ' ' .
Chapter 3

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF THE INFORMATION CENTER

The results of the needs assessment provide some understanding of how

the proposed Information Center should operate. In the following

section, options drawn from the existing data are presented for

consideration in the design of the Information Center.

Summary of Proposed Recommendations

Each of the key issues previously identified and discussed are further

considered in terms of potential options for the Information Center.

These options should provide guidance in the development or

specification of the design plan for the Information Center.

Currently Available Sources of Information. The needs assessment data

indicated that although potential users feel that they are resourceful

in the gathering of immediately needed information, they may not be

*aware of other sources of information that are available and therefore

- do not utilize them. A majority of respondents indicated that they

-rarely seek out information on particular topics, but that they feel a

*need to be kept abreast of general activities in their field.

Based on this understanding, two options are possible in designing the

" Information Center. They are:

0 to design a mechanism for actively reaching out to

users and supplying them with information even

before they have actually asked for it; and

3.1
L. 

4. - T r I W V. i;7.

0 to operate an inquiry response system that

*disseminates information only after specific

requests have been received.

It is recommended that both options be incorporated into the design

with emphasis directed toward the first option. Although outreach

services utilize more resources than other less aggressive approaches

to information dissemination, it is clear from the needs assessment

data that an inquiry response system alone will not satisfactorily

meet user needs.

*. Potential User Groups. The potential user groups identified by the

needs assessment include policymakers, researchers,

educators/practitioners and contractors. Data from the needs

assessment indicated that the user group most likely to utilize the

* services of the Information Center is the educators/practitioners

- group.

* The options available in the design of the Information Center are:

o to provide services for all groups without

establishing priorities; and

o to select the group most likely to use the

Information Center and tailor services to their

needs.

- Since the educators/practitioners at both the installation and MACOM

level were identified as the audience most likely to use the

Information Center, the second option is recommended. It is proposed

*that the information services be directed toward the needs of the

ESOs, counselors, instructors and the Education Center staff at the

3.2 ~ ~ ; ~ * - -. -. : ** .* * **...-~;- :- j- .~y~~:.- .;:s .. I
installations and MACOHs. Many of the services and resources

developed for the educators would of course, also be valuable to

researchers at ARI and the policymakers at the MACOMs and at TAGO.

Thus, it is suggested that these groups also be served insofar as

their information needs fall within the parameters of the information

services to be provided to the target audience.

Subject Areas to be Included in the Information Center. The breadth

of potential topics identified to be included in the Information

Center database were extensive and went far beyond the area of basic

skills education. Based on this trend at least two options are

potentially possible with regard to the selection of subject areas for

the Information Center. They are:

o to include subject areas identified by all

possible user groups; and

o to focus services and subject areas to those

identified by the target group which would be most

likely to use the Information Center services and

products.

The advantage of option one is that the Information Center would be

*" equally useful to researchers, practitioners/educators, and

* policymakers. The disadvantage of this option is that the Information

*. Center would be limited in its depth of coverage of any particular

* topic since resources would be necessarily expended on including a

*wider range of subject areas. Therefore, attempts to cover a broader

*. subject area may not be entirely successful and may result in user

*. dissatisfaction and eventual lack of use of the Center.

* 3.3

S"" 0 " e, -
Option two is seen to provide a specific purpose and focus to the

*I scope of the Information Center. Thus, the information needs of a

single user group would be met with current and in-depth information

in those areas identified as important to that user group. The

disadvantage in selecting this option is that only a limited group of

individuals would find the Information Center useful to their needs.

* Although both options are feasible, it is InterAmerica's

recommendation that option two be selected because it would provide

firmer boundaries within which to operate the Information Center.

Frequency of Use of the Information Center. It was reported, and

should be considered seriously, that individuals will probably not go

-j out of their way to make use of an information center if it is easier

"- to ask a colleague in the next office. Nor will they use an

- information center a second time if it fails to meet their specific

* =needs. For this reason any attempt to estimate the frequency of use

.. of the Information Center would have to be considered purely

speculative.

SBased on this understanding, InterAmerica recommends that the services

*to be provided by the Information Center be actively advertised to the

* target user groups in order to encourage and stimulate user requests.

SAlso, it is recommended that access to the Information Center be made

as compatible with user needs as possible since ease of access will

most likely influence the repeated use of the Information Center.

3.4
Preferred Methods for Accessing the Information Center. The methods

identified for accessing the Information Center were computer and

telephone, respectively. Since each method of access is a viable

option, the pros and cons of each are briefly discussed below.

The searching of online databases from remote terminals has become a

well established procedure for the acquisition of information. Over

1,200 databases, one-third of them bibliographic, are publicly

available to anyone who has a teletype compatible or "dumb" terminal.

Any micro or word processor can be adapted for remote database

searching at minimal cost. Within the DA most installations have at

least one such terminal which could be utilized for access to the

Information Center.

Direct dial-up via telephone lines requires little or no advanced

preparation, assuming the computer has a telecommunications software

package and modem installed. The person seeking to search the

database need merely be given the computer's telephone number and a

password identification. It is usually more cost-effective to provide

access through a VAN (value added network) such as Tymnet, Telenet or

Uninet. By dialing a local modem, the long distance access cost is

reduced to $5-7 per hour. The Army may have provision for use of its

telecommunications network at even lower cost.

*- The advantages of computerized access to an Information Center are:

that response time is minimal; and that the user can directly interact

with the computer enabling immediate review and evaluation of

citations.

3.5

,o o
* The disadvantage of providing computerized access to all members of

the target audience is that this service would require an immense

coordination and training effort on the part of the InterAmerica

staff. The general user would need to be trained in order to

understand how to perform a search and to efficiently utilize online

time. Training, in turn, has budgetary and personnel implications for

the Information Center staff.

-, The advantage of the second option is that every user would generally

* have access to a telephone, thus providing them with immediate access

to the Center. Telephone access would also provide the Information

Center's staff a more exact means of gathering statistical data on the

* types and number of requests that are being made. These data are

extremely valuable in the formative years of the Information Center

when the database is in the early stages of development.

Another advantage of telephone access is that personalized assistance

can be provided through the Center's information specialist. When

necessary, the information specialist can evaluate the results of a

computer search and augment it with other relevant citations and/or

materials, thereby providing more responsive information to the user.

The technical input that could be irovided by the information

specialist would not be available if the user were to directly access

the information via computer linkage.

A disadvantage of only providing telephone access to the Information

Center is that users need to be skilled in accurately communicating

3.6
* their needs to the information specialist. Users then have to rely on

-. the interpretation of the information specialist to evaluate what

citations are or are not relevant. Also, the actual printout of the

citations selected by the information specialist may not reach the

user for several days which delays evaluation of their information.

.1

Based on these facts, while it is an attractive option to provide

direct user access on a general basis, InterAmerica has three

recommendations. First, that users be allowed to access the

Information Center in the first year of operation on a pilot basis

*' through four or five existing installation libraries where equipment

is centralized and where personnel are already trained in the general

principles of database searching techniques. Second, that a select

-. group of ESOs at representative sites be provided direct computer

access to the Information Center in conjunction with training in

.. computer searching techniques. Although these select ESOs would also

* have telephone access, they would be encouraged to undertake their own

computer searches. Third, that users not located at the selected

* pilot test sites access the Information Center via telephone through

an information specialist.

- The first approach not only provides for efficient use of resources,

*but also assures that the Information Center is not seen as a

-" competitor to existing library resources which are also in the

business of information dissemination. Utilization of existing

resources could, in addition, provide continuity to information

i* services and motivate users to take greater advantage of existing

3.7

i= . . . . . . * . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
local resources. The second approach provides a means of evaluating

the pros and cons of providing direct computer access to primary

users. The third approach allows for the collection of statistical

data which is important in the development and expansion of the

Information Center's database.

Turnaround Time. Promptness in addressing requests was a unanimous

request among potential users of the Information Center. Based on

this understanding, InterAmerica has two recommendations for the

" design of the Information Center. They are:

0 to have a general policy of responding to requests

as quickly as possible; and

0 to establish an advertised schedule of expected

turn-around time when the Information Center is

accessed via telephone.

Conclusion

The information acquired through the completion of the needs

*" assessment activities provides a guide for the subsequent design of

* the Information Center. The recommendations summarized in this

- chapter, together with input from ARI and TAGO staff, as well as

" reality tests in the field will serve to define the following key

*. design issues:

0 specification of priorities in serving primary and

secondary user groups;

0 identification of the primary and secondary

services to be offered to users;

3.8

-- " nu.'s*. a * i.i **- * -ii -i *l ...--.. . . . .-
o specification of the limitations of services to be

offered;

o delineation of the scope and content of the

database;

0 identification of the mechanism(s) for accessing

the Information Center; and

o determination of how user groups will be made

aware of the Information Center and its services.

The project activities completed thus far provide substantial data

relative to these issues. Activities currently underway should

-' provide the additional information needed to identify the parameters

for the proposed Information Center.

3,

-

-.
APPENDIX A

BSEP Needs Assessment Materials

INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTER QUESTIONNAIRE

Not to be shown to unauthorized personnel.

Not to be reproduced in any form without

the specific permission of the Technical

Director, Army Research Institute for the

Behavioral and Social Sciences, Office of

the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel,

Department of the Army.

PT5485

A.1
, - -W- T.7 _7 -7 31 M. Vw-, 7

(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)

A. 2

~% %..%%~% * ~ ~ f.* ~ 'S. . *.*~5 S~*A*-
i . I , . . . t,  . . , . ,. . .... .. . .... . ..  

INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTER QUESTIONNAIRE

"" The U.S. Army Research Institute (ARI) is conducting a needs assessment for

the development of an information resource center with the goal of aiding

policymakers and educational personnel in carrying out their mission as

required by AR 621-5. The purpose of this questionnaire is to obtain

information which would assist in the design of a information resource center

with an emphasis on basic skills education.

An information resource center would be used by educators, ESOs and

policymakers for a variety of functions which result in improved educational

services offered by the Army. Users would be able to acquire information - specific to their needs in a timely and useable format. Users would be able

' to interact with the information center through ARI by means of telephones,

computers, or other means available at particular installations. Educational

personnel would interact on an as required basis, to find solutions to their

basic skills education needs. In addition, policymakers could request and

obtain information needed to formulate educational policies about basic skills - education programs.

-" Responses to this questionnaire will be used for research purposes only and

will not be associated with or identify individual ESOs or individual

installations. Responses will be compiled and used only in the aggregrate.

-Please return your questionnaire by close of business, April 15, 1982, to the

* ACES registration desk. Questions and/or remarks can be directed to:

Captain Brian Bush Dr. Rocco P. Russo

Army Research Institute InterAmerica Research Associates, Inc.

5001 Eisenhower Ave. 1555 Wilson Blvd., Suite 600

Alexandria, VA 22333 Rosslyn, VA 22209

AV 284-8694 or 284-8695 703-522-0870

* 202-274-8694 or 274-8695

A.

.

Y..

................. o.. . --.

1. . 4. . .**- * . . . . . . . %~* . .. . * * * * * . . . .
INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTER QUESTIONNAIRE

* 1. Please state your duty position

2. The name of your installation is

Please supply the following data about the location of your installation

by circling the appropriate response.

CONUS If CONUS, which command? TRADOC

USAREUR FORSCOM

Far East Other (specify)

*- 3. Indicate for each of the following the degree to which you feel an

information resource center would be useful to you in improving the

educational programs at your installation.

Slightly Moderately Extremely

No Use Useful Useful Useful

Reading

Listening ...

Writing

* Computation

Psychomotor ...... ..... .....

6 English-as-a-Second Language

* Life coping (e.g., civic . ... ...

responsibilities,

health, economics,

transportation,

law, consumer

education)

Needs assessment

-- Program evaluation

Quality assurance for . .....

adult/vocational

programs

"" Contracting

Other (specify) ....

A.4
S4. Place an "X" in each cell to indicate the areas in which you require

additional information and/or assistance in order to make your educational programs more effective.

40

r(I

bA

Learning Materials (e.g.,

workbooks, filmstrips, vide--

tapes)

Curriculum Materials (e.g., - lesson plans, teacher guides) X

I nst ruct:i onal1 Techn iques

(e.g., t:eaching methods,

presentation of materials)

Learning rehearsal, Strategies mnemonics) (e.g., X

Current Research (e.g.,

findings, implications)

Computer Managed Instruction (e.g., Cm, CAI)

Instructional System Design

(e.g., development of X

programs, mat eri aras)

Human Resources (e.g.,

subject area specialists,

experts)

- Other (specify)

B'.

Literacy Related Prerequisite

Courseware

4.

.

"" A .5
5. For each of the following indicate the types of questions you feel an

information resource center should answer for you. EXAMPLE: Reading--How to

develop reading curriculum materials.

'*" Reading:

Listening:

*Writing:

"* Computation:

Psychomotor:

*. English

;. as a Second

*o,. Language

Life-coping:

' 6a. Rank the following services which you feel would be most helpful to you

in improving the educational programs at your installations. A ranking of "l"

would indicate the service most helpful to you.

Abstracts

Bibliography of materials

Current research summaries

Curricula

Literature search

Newsletter

Referral service

Toll free "800" telephone number

Other (specify)

A.6
7..

6b. What general comments do you have about the goals which an information resource center should serve?

7. Indicate the appropriate turn-around time you feel an information resource

center should provide responses. Circle the appropriate response.

Same day requested

1 to 2 working days

3 to 4 working days

5 to 7 working days

8 to 10 working days

longer

8. How often do you feel you would use an information resource center?

Circle the appropriate response.

Daily Quarterly Annually

Weekly Semi-annually Never

Monthly

*9. Do you feel you have a need for an information resource center designed to

*- assist you in improving your educational programs? Circle the appropriate

response.

Yes No Don't Know

10. Should the use of the information resource center be based on a

reimbursable basis? Circle the appropriate response.

Yes No Don't Know

11. Indicate the type(s) of computer based instruction available at your

installation by circling the appropriate response.

, PLATO APPLE

TICCIT OTHER MICROCOMPUTERS (specify)

VIDEODISC OTHER (specify)__

*A.7
4

12. Please specify below the type of educational technology (both computer

and non-computer based) forecasted for educational uses at your installation.

13. Indicate the perceived value of computer based instruction for basic

skills educational programs. Circle the appropriate response.

No Value Slightly Moderately Extremely

Valuable Valuable Valuable

14. Indicate the perceived value of computer based instruction for

educational programs other than basic skills. Circle the appropriate

response.

No Value Slightly Moderately Extremely

Valuable Valuable Valuable

°* 15. Please indicate below any additional comments or reactions.

d

4

THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION

Please return to the AGES registration desk

by close of business, April 15, 1982.

A.8
GUIDELINES FOR

INSTALLATION LIBRARY ASSESSMENT

Installation Date

Name of library

Type of library:

, Popular Law

Technical Other (specify)

Medical

Audience the library serves

Size of collection:

Books Technical Reports

Periodicals Training Manuals

Audiovisual Materials Other Documents

Major subject areas included in the collection

Staff available to provide assistance (number of professionals, number of nonprofessionals, full-time or part-time, etc.)

Service provided by the library:

Reference assistance

In-depth research assistance

Computerized information retrieval

Specify the computer systems available:

-Routing new issues of journals to users

Ordering personal copies of documents for users

Interlibrary loan

Selectively disseminating new information that

matches users' interest profiles

-1Publishing bibliographies, lists of new materials, etc.-

Providing orientation or instruction in how to use the

library

*Please add any useful comments about these services or about the library in

*general on the back of this sheet.

A.9
,

_ 

GUIDELINES FOR NEEDS ASSESSMENT

MACOH AND INSTALLATION INTERVIEWS

Objectives: * To gather information and identify needs for an information

resource center with the goal of aiding Army educational

personnel in carrying out their mission.

* To identify issues of interest to various information

resource center user groups.

Purpose: The purpose of this interview is to identify what ihformation

should be included in an information center and how that

information should be made available to users.

An information resource center could be used by educators, ESOs,

and policy-makers for a variety of functions which result in

improved educational services offered by the Army. Users would

be able to acquire information specific to their needs in a

*timely and useable format. Users would be able to interact with

the information center through ARI by means of telephones, computer terminals or other means available at particular installations. Educational personnel could interact on an as required

basis, to find solutions to their education needs. In addition,

policy-makers could request and obtain information needed to

formulate educational policies about education programs.

* Installation:

• Date:

• Name and Duty Position:

* * Description of the Installation (size, number of soldiers, number of

programs):,

A.1

"" A.lIO

* % . *. .. * % *. . ** ** % % ~ % **. .**, . *-*
J0 What duties are you responsible for that require retrieval of current

information?

V..

0 Would you use or do you need an information center designed to assist

you in improving your educational program?

* What are your current information needs? (curriculum, personnel, evaluation)

a" * In the past four weeks, what information needs have you had?

' How did you go about meeting those information needs?

0 What information sources do you currently use?

* What procedures do you follow in obtaining or retrieving information?

- What data bases are currently available to you?

A

! A.11I

; L' ; - u .,,.; , .,,,n * . .,* . . .. , , , % ,. % ?,%. . * j, .,,r
• What types of computer based or computer assisted instruction are available

at your installation?

PLATO APPLE

TICCIT OTHER MICROCOMPUTERS

VIDEODISC OTHER

0 How are your current information needs different from your future needs?

* What plans do you have to satisfy your information needs in the future?

* Suppose that you had access to an information center. How would the

information center be most useful to you?

* What services would you like to see available in an information center?

(Services might include: )

information on subject areas

kinds of information (abstracts, syntheses, bibliography, current research,

summaries, curricula, literature search)

types of materials

referral service

telephone contact

computer access

* newsletter

other

* A.12

. :: .. . : .: G ..:.. : . : .' a : ' , . - - : * < ; " : < -. 5.-. i

-* ,
- In what format or to what detail would you want information provided?

0 What do you feel would be appropriate turn-around time for an information

center to provide responses?

Same day requested 5 to 7 working days

1 to 2 working days 8 to 10 working days

3 to 4 working days longer

* How would you want to access an information center?

* Would you use the information center?

* How often would you use an information center?

;. * If it were necessary to charge for services would you be willing to

use the information center on a reimbursable basis?

* Who do you feel (other than yourself) would be potential users of the

information center?

',

Other comments:

* .A.13
LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR BASIC SKILLS TAGO INTERVIEWS ,.

.4.

* To gather information and identify needs about a Basic

Skills Information Center

e To identify issues of interest to various user groups

Everyone may not be able to, or wish to, answer all questions.

This list is presented to stimulate areas of need, interest,

or concern; to find out what people are excited about, what

they expect from an Information Center, or what they would

like to see developed.

I. Name

'.' 2. Duty Position

'" 3. Name of installation and branch or function

S 4. From your perspective, what should an Information Center try to

accomplish?

5. In your view, what should be the priorities of an Information Center?

," 6. What are your current information needs?

7. How do you see this as different from your future needs, if at all?

8. How could an Information Center be most useful to you?

SA.I4

.. ,. a u ,aw, , ., .d i .l r. . i. i. . . .. ...
* 9. What problems do you have that an information Center might resolve?

*10. What would you like to see available in an Information Center?

a. Subject areas______________________________

b. Types of materials __________________________

c. Abstracts________________________________

d. Synthesis _____________________________

e. Telephone Contact

f. Computer access_____________________________

g. Other ______________________________

11. What are you using now for your information needs?

12. What system of available data bases do you use?

* 13. What information system is currently most effective?

14. How would you want to access an Information Center?

* 15. How often would you use an Information Center?

* 16. What type of information would you typically request?

A.15
17. What format of information storage and retrieval would make access

easiest for you?

18. Who do you feel (other than yourself) would be potential users of the

Information Center?

19. How many potential users are there in each group?

a. Policy makers _________________________

b . Researchers ___________________________

c. Practitioners ____________________________

* Other

A. 16
GUIOELINES FOR NEEDS ASSESSMENT

ARI INTERVIEWS

Objectives: * To gather information and identify needs for an information

resource center with the goal of aiding Army educational

personnel in carrying out their mission.

* To identify issues of interest to various information

resource center user groups.

Purpose: The purpose of this interview is to identify what information

should be included in an information center and how that

information should be made available to users.

An information resource center could be used by-educators, ESOs,

and policy-makers for a variety of functions which result in

improved educational services offered by the Army. Users would

be able to acquire information specific to their needs in a

timely and useable format. Users would be able to interact with

the information center through ARI by means of telephones, computer terminals or other means available at particular installations. Educational personnel could interact' on an as required

basis, to find solutions to their education needs. In addition,

policy-makers could request and obtain information needed to

formulate educational policies about education programs.

p

" Date:

. * Name and Duty Position:

A.17

* , .*€€ , ' .:" .. ',.*. ,, . . *'.%.., ' J 4 e. ' .', , '.€ ._. ." " €..,.., ......
* Would you use or do you need an information center designed to assist

you in your work?

. What are your current research and information needs? (curriculum, research,

personnel, evaluation)

, How do you go about meeting those information needs?

* .What information sources do you currently use?

* What procedures do you follow in obtaining or retrieving information?

* What data bases are currently available to you?

7

0 What types of computer software or hardware are available to you?

PLATO APPLE

TICCIT OTHER ICROCOMIPUTERS

VIDEODISC OTHER

i.

,°

A.-
a In what format or to what detail would you want information provided?

* What do you feel would be appropriate turn-around time for an information

center to provide responses?

Same day requested 5 to 7 working days

1 to 2 working days 8 to 10 working days

3 to 4 working days longer

0 * How would you want to access an information center?

*• Would you use the information center?

* How often would you use an information center?

. If it were necessary to charge for services would you be willing to

use the information center on a reimbursable basis?

* Who do you feel (other than yourself) would be potential users of the

information center?

4Other comments:

A.19

a. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
* How are your current research and information needs different from your

future needs?

_ What plans do you have to satisfy your information needs in the future?

6 Suppose that you had access to an information center. How would the

information center be most useful to you?

. a What services would you like to see available in an information center?

(Services might include: )

information on subject areas

kinds of information (abstracts, syntheses, bibliography, current research,

summaries, curricula, literature search)

types of materials

referral service

telephone contact

computer access

newsletter

other

4

A.20

-- - 1 I ,- a -
APPENDIX B

Bibliography of Materials Examined

*ACES Directory. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, Adjutant

General's Office, 1982.

Army Regulation No. 621-5: Army Continuing Education System. Washington,

D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 1981.

Crouthamel, W. and Preston, S. M. Needs Assessment Resource Guide. Research

and Development Utilization Project, Georgia Department of Education.

DeWeaver, Mary J. and Prather, Cynthia J. Final Report of the State of the

Art Assessment in Basic Skills Education Program II. Washington, D.C.:

Lawrence Johnson and Associates, 1980.

Education Handbook for MACOM and Local Basic Skills Education Program (BSEP)

II Curriculum Development. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Department

of the Army, 1981.

Harris-Bowlsbey, Jo Ann and Rabush, Carol M. ACES Needs Assessment Survey.

Westminster, Maryland: Discover Foundation, 1979.

Kaufman, R., Stakenas, R. G., Wagner, J. C., and Mayer, H. Relating Needs

Assessment, Program Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, Journal

of Instructional Development, Vol. 4, No. 4, Summer, 1981.

Learning Resource Center Catalog. Alexandria, Virginia: U.S. Army Material

Development and Readiness Command, 1982.

Profile of American Youth: 1980 Nationwide Administration of the Armed

Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Washington, D.C.: Office of the

Assistant Secretary of Defense, 1982.

* Raines, John. Needs Assessment Guide (Working Draft), Army Continuing

Education System, March, 1982.

Sticht, Thomas G. Basic Skills in Defense. Alexandria, Virginia: Human

Resources Research Organization, 1982.

%8"