NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-117

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

August 2000

by

James Wilder Orr, Michael A. Brown, and David C. Baker

Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of

the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and

Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific

Ocean, Second Edition
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS

The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center

uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and

technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing

are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound

professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical

literature.

The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries

Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the

Northwest Fisheries Center. The new NMFS-NWFSC series will be used by

the Northwest Fisheries Science Center.

This document should be cited as follows:

Orr, J. W., M. A. Brown, and D. C. Baker. 2000. Guide to 

rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and 

Adelosebastes of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, second edition. U.S.

Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-117, 47 p. 

Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
August 2000

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-117

by

J. W. Orr, M. A. Brown, and D. C. Baker

Guide to Rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of

the Genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus,

and Adelosebastes of the

Northeast Pacific Ocean, Second Edition

Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

7600 Sand Point Way N.E.

Seattle, WA 98115-0070

Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division

 Alaska Fisheries Science Center

7600 Sand Point Way N.E.

Seattle, WA 98115-0070

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Norman Y. Mineta, Secretary

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

D. James Baker, Under Secretary and Administrator

National Marine Fisheries Service

Rolland A. Schmitten, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries

1

 2

1 2 2
This document is available to the public through:

National Technical Information Service

U.S. Department of Commerce

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

www.ntis.gov
ABSTRACT

The rockfishes (family Scorpaenidae) of the northeast Pacific Ocean north of

Mexico comprise five genera, three of which are included in this guide: Sebastes,

Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes. Sebastes includes some 100 species worldwide; 66,

including one to be described, are presently recognized from the northeast Pacific.

Sebastolobus (commonly known as the thornyheads) includes only three species worldwide; all three range into the northeast Pacific. The single species of Adelosebastes (the

Aleutian scorpionfish, A. latens) is known only from the Aleutian Islands and Emperor

Seamounts. Of the three genera treated here, Sebastes poses the most difficulties in

identification, both because of the numbers of species and because of their morphological similarity and variability. This second edition contains 21 additional photographs

that were not available when this guide was first published and now includes color

images of 68 species photographed under natural and electronic flash conditions in the

field. Most specimens were photographed immediately after collection; 12 species

photographed underwater are also included in a separate section. The two species

represented only by line drawings (Sebastes rufinanus and S. melanosema) are known

only from the type series. Drawings of these species were produced from published

photographs of the types.

iii

CONTENTS

Abstract................................................................................................i

Introduction.........................................................................................1

Methods and Data Sources.......................................................................1

Using the Guide....................................................................................2

Acknowledgments..................................................................................4

Citations.............................................................................................4

Illustrated Glossary................................................................................6

List of Species......................................................................................7

Guide to the Rockfishes.......................................................................8-43

Sources of Species Account Figures.......................................................44-45

Underwater Photographs........................................................................46

Index to Common and Scientific Names......................................................47

v

The rockfishes (family Scorpaenidae) of the northeast Pacific Ocean north of

Mexico comprise five genera, three of which are included in this guide: Sebastes,

Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes. Sebastes includes some 100 species worldwide; 66,

including one to be described, are presently recognized from the northeast Pacific.

Sebastolobus (commonly known as the thornyheads) includes only three species worldwide; all three range into the northeast Pacific. The single species of Adelosebastes (the

Aleutian scorpionfish, A. latens) is known only from the Aleutian Islands and Emperor

Seamounts. Not included in the guide are four southern scorpaenids: the California

scorpionfish, Scorpaena guttata; stone scorpionfish, S. mystes; spotted scorpionfish, S.

plumieri; and rainbow scorpionfish, Scorpaenodes xyris. Of these, only the California

scorpionfish is rarely encountered north of southern California (to Santa Cruz;

Eschmeyer et al., 1983). Of the three genera treated here, Sebastes poses the most

difficulties in identification, both because of the numbers of species and because of

their morphological similarity and variability.

Primarily designed as an aid in field identification, this guide follows the basic

format of Hitzs (1965) "Field identification of the northeastern Pacific rockfish

(Sebastodes)," the first guide to successfully use color as a major character to identify

species of Sebastes. Since Hitz (1965), significant advances in our knowledge of the

diversity of northeast Pacific rockfishes have been made. The genus Sebastodes has

been recognized as synonymous with the genus Sebastes, which originally contained

only Atlantic species. Ten additional species of Sebastes have been described. This

guide also updates species ranges based on the numerous documented significant range

extensions. We have also expanded this guide to include the genera Sebastolobus, a

genus commonly encountered and misidentified with Sebastes species, and

Adelosebastes, recently reported from the Aleutian Islands (Orr and Baker 1996). This

revised edition of the original guide (Orr et al., 1998) now includes color photographs

of all species encountered in National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) groundfish

surveys and by fishery observers off the west coast of North America. Only S.

melanosema and S. rufinanus, both species known only from the type series, are

represented by line drawings from photographs of the types.

METHODS AND DATA SOURCES

This guide is limited to rockfishes distributed in the 200-mile territorial waters

along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada. Distributions are described by

major political boundaries (i.e., state and country borders) or bodies of water (e.g.,

Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea). In addition, Alaska and California are further divided into

general regions. California is separated into three regions: northern (the CaliforniaOregon border to Point Arena), central (Point Arena to Point Conception), and southern (Point Conception to the Baja California border). Alaska is divided into the
Gulf of Alaska (British Columbia border to Unimak Pass), Aleutian Islands (Unimak

Pass to Attu Island), and Bering Sea (Aleutian Islands to the Chukchi Sea).

Meristic data were compiled from various sources, including Chen (1971,

1986), Miller and Lea (1972), Matarese et al. (1989), Hart (1973), and original species

descriptions. Abbreviations follow Chen (1986), with dorsal-fin (D) spines (in roman

numerals) followed by soft rays (arabic numerals; last two rays counted as one). Analfin rays (Ar) alone are listed, as all scorpaenids possess three anal-fin spines. The last

two rays of both dorsal and anal fins are counted as one. All pectoral-fin rays (P1) from

the left side are listed. Total gillraker (GR) counts include all rakers, including rudiments. Lateral line pores (LLp) include all pores from the neurocranium to the caudal

fin, without noting the caudal-fin base; lateral line scales (LLs) include the scale rows

just below the lateral line. Vertebral (V) counts include the ural centrum, bearing the

caudal fin.

 The range of this data was verified from specimens archived in several collections including the University of Washington Fish Collection (UWFC), Los Angeles

County Natural History Museum (LACM), California Academy of Sciences (CAS),

Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SIO), U. S. Natural History Museum (USNM),

University of British Columbia (UBC), and Oregon State University (OSU). Distributions were compiled from the literature (same sources as above, as well as Allen and

Smith, 1988) and updated from the RACEBASE database of the Resource Assessment

and Conservation Engineering Division, which includes data from surveys conducted

by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center from 1948 to 1999. For each species, we

attempted to verify unusual records by tracing voucher specimens and examining

original haul data.

USING THE GUIDE

Species are grouped into five color categories: Red, Black, Red/Black, Banded

("Striped" of Hitz, 1965), or White-Spotted Red. Within these categories, species are

sorted by head spines strength (weak or strong). Finally, species are grouped together

based on the authors ideas of externally similar species. However, because species are

first sorted by color and head spine strength, the most similar species may not be

grouped together.

1. Determine the color category, using the following guidelines:

Red category rockfishes (28 species) possess a light background coloration of

orange, yellow, or, most commonly, red. Typically, dark blotches are present on the

back and often extend from the base of the dorsal fin to below the lateral line; these

blotches may be diffuse or relatively discrete. The infrequent dark phase of some

typically red rockfishes is noted under the description of body color. In general, dark

red-category rockfishes have a much redder body than black category rockfishes.

Black category rockfishes (18 species) have a predominantly dark background

coloration. Most are a uniform dark color, ranging from black to brown with darker

2
blotching or pale areas on the dorsum and lightening to white, gray, or pink ventrally.

Others, often more shallow water species, may display strongly contrasting colors such

as black and yellow.

Red/black category rockfishes (7 species) possess almost equal proportions of

light and dark colors, as the label suggests, which makes selecting either the red or

black category difficult. No unifying color pattern is apparent among these fishes;

however, a characteristic color combination (e.g., horizontal green striping in

greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus, and the pink pectoral-fin slash in northern

rockfish, S. polyspinis) is often sufficient for identification.

Banded category rockfishes (4 species) possess 4-6 discrete vertical bands of

dark color (red to black) on a light background of white, pink, or yellow.

White-spotted red category rockfishes (13 species) possess a light colored body

with 2-5 pale areas (i.e., spots) above the lateral line, white spots scattered over the

body (whitespeckled rockfish, S. moseri), or both (starry rockfish, S. constellatus).

2. Determine head spine strength:

After placing the fish in a color category, visually estimate the prominence of

the eight pairs of head spines (see page 6 for positions and numbers of spines). Generally if the spines, especially those nearest the orbit (numbers 2-5), are easily visible at

about elbows length, the spines are considered strong. Otherwise, the spines should

be considered weak.

3. Count head spines:

Head spines should be counted to determine which pairs of the eight possible

are present. For each species, a diagrammatic dorsal view of the rockfishs head is

provided. A number with a line to the head indicates that the spine is typically present

in large juveniles and adults; if a number has no line, the spine is typically absent. A

number in parentheses indicates that the spine may be present or absent. Variation in

the presence of head spines has not been quantified for most species, thus parentheses

may indicate that the spine is typically present but often absent or vice versa. Often

spines are lost with body growth, and juveniles typically have more and stronger spines

than adults. For example, the dusky rockfish, S. ciliatus, is known for having a

smooth head with spines reduced or absent, yet small juveniles possess head spines 1,

2, 4, 5, and 7 that are moderately strong. Thus this guide is primarily for adults and

large juveniles that have developed the adult morphology. To identify smaller and

pelagic juveniles, use the following guides to early life history stages: Matarese et al.

(1989) or Moser et al. (1996).

With the information from these three characters, choices should be narrowed to

two or three rockfishes. Around most of the figures in the guide, a combination of

characters are highlighted that, when present, distinguish the species from all others.

Along with these specific characters, two additional features depicted in the figure are

often useful in distinguishing similar species: second anal-fin spine length relative to

3
third and mouth size, as reflected in maxilla length relative to the orbit. The second

anal-fin spine is noted on the figure when it is always obviously longer than the third.

Previous guides have noted finer distinctions in the relative length of the second and

third spines but these differences have not been found to be useful for identification.

Many of these characters are subjective as well as variable and, therefore, depend on

the experience of the user to be used properly. To confirm the identification, use the

similar species section to check particular characters. Next to the name of each similar

species, characters are listed based on the relative ease of determination and the usefulness of the feature to clearly distinguish between the two species. Finally, check the

specimen against other characters provided, such as peritoneum color and shape between the eyes, and habitat information, such as depth and distribution.

The photographs and figures themselves should only be used as a guide to the

appearance of the fish. Photographs in species accounts are generally taken from trawl

caught specimens with fresh coloration. Line drawings have been drawn from photographs and accurately represent the dark and light patterns and body shape of that

specimen. However, many of these features often vary among populations and, in

many species, among individuals of a given population.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors extend their appreciation to C. R. Hitz, who encouraged the publication of this guide, an expansion of his previous prodigious efforts. Financial support

was provided by the Rockfish Working Group of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center

(AFSC). Trainers and debriefers of the Observer Program of the AFSC's Resource

Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, including especially S. Corey, K.

Krieger, N. Raring, K. Teig, E. Chilton, J. Ferdinand, provided helpful criticisms and

suggestions. Many fisheries observers shared their criticisms and frustrations with

early drafts of the guide; we hope their concerns were addressed. R. R. Lauth, G. R.

Hoff, T. W. Pietsch, D. Stevenson, F. R. Shaw and C. Mecklenburg provided critical

reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. R. R. Lauth, D. W. Kessler, A. RochaOlivares, M. S. Love, A. J. Gharrett, H. J. Walker, C. Kimbrell, and B. Eitner provided many photographs and G. Sprague produced several of the illustrations incorporated in early versions. We thank the curators and their respective institutions for

providing loans and making space available to examine material under their care: T.

W. Pietsch, B. K. Urbain, A. M. Snyder (UWFC); R. J. Lavenburg and J. A. Siegel

(LACM); S. Jewett (USNM); J. D. McPhail, G. Hass, E. Keeley (UBC); R. H.

Rosenblatt, H. J. Walker, C. Klopek (SIO); W. N. Eschmeyer, D. Catania (CAS); D.

F. Markle (OSU).

CITATIONS

ALLEN, M.J., AND G.B. SMITH. 1988. Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the

Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep.

NMFS 66, 151 p.

CHEN, L. 1971. Systematics, variation, distribution, and biology of rockfishes of the

4
subgenus Sebastomus (Pisces, Scorpaenidae, Sebastes). Bull. Scripps Inst.

Oceanog.,Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, CA.

_____. 1986. Meristic variation in Sebastes (Scorpaenidae), with an analysis of

character association and bilateral pattern and their significance in species

separation. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 45, 17 p.

ESCHMEYER, W. N., E. S. HERALD, AND H. HAMMANN. 1983. A field guide to Pacific

coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 336 p.

LEA, R. N. AND J. N. FITCH. 1972. Sebastes rufinanus, a new scorpaenid fish from

California waters. Copeia 1972:423-427.

_____ AND _____. 1979. A new species of rockfish, genus Sebastes (Scorpaenidae),

from the eastern North Pacific off Mexico and California. Contrib. Sci. Natur.

Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County 320:1-7.

HART, J. L. 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Board Canada, Bull. 180, 740

p.

HITZ, C. R. 1965. Field identification of the northeastern Pacific rockfish

(Sebastodes). U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Circ. 203.

MASUDA, H. D., K. AMAOKA, C. ARAGA, T. UYENO, AND T. YOSHINO (EDS.). 1984. The

fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo, Japan, 437 p.

MATARESE, A. C., A. W. KENDALL, JR., D. M. BLOOD, AND B. M. VINTER. 1989.

Laboratory guide to early life history stages of northeast Pacific fishes. U.S.

Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 80, 652 p.

MILLER, D. J., AND R. N. LEA. 1972. Guide to the coastal marine fishes of California.

Cal. Dep. Fish Game, Fish Bull. 157, 249 p. (Addendum added in 1976.)

MOSER G. (ed). 1996. The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region.

CalCOFI Atlas, No. 33, p.

ORR, J. W., AND D. C. BAKER. 1997. New North American records of the Northeast

Pacific scorpaenids Adelosebastes latens and Sebastes glaucus (Teleostei:

Scorpaenidae). Alaska Fish. Res. Bull. 3(2):94-102.

 ORR, J. W., M. A. BROWN, AND D. C. BAKER. 1998. Guide to rockfishes

(Scorpaenidae) of the genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the

Northeast Pacific Ocean. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-AFSC-95, 46 p.

PHILLIPS, J. B. 1957. A review of the rockfishes of California (family Scorpaenidae).

Cal. Dep. Fish Game, Fish Bull. 104, 158 p.

5
ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY

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10

anus midway between pelvic and anal fins

lateral line creamy or pink-brown

anal spines small maxilla extends

 far past orbit

lower jaw massive,

strongly projecting,

 w/o symphyseal

knob

4$1#3)'#1&)'4$11'?+1$#4'

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11

soft dorsal and caudal fins

w/ red-brown spots

body sides w/ two prominent blotches anal spine 2 longer than 3

lateral line pores 30-33

'+= )'''3&'13#>'<'11#&#'#&

&1'%

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12

dorsum w/ 5 black blotches

body depth at pelvic-fin

 insertion equal to or greater

 than head length

operculum

 w/ forked bar

symphyseal knob

strong & sharp anal spine 2 longer than 3
anal spine 2 longer than 3

eye large (orbit length

 2.9-3.2 into head length)

caudal-fin membranes

w/ green streaks


'&&+4$1+=&''1?')'#&)#'>3&'13#>

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13

caudal-fin membranes dark, w/

narrow red posterior border

fins blackish

posterior 2/3 of lateral

line in light zone

anal spine 2 longer than 3

H1 9'4'%

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14

prominent knobs border

 notch in upper jaw

lachrymal spines strong

anal spine 2 longer than 3


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' 


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'

15

2 to 4 spines below eye

anal spine 2 longer than 3

premaxilla

w/ prominent knob

 anterior lachrymal spines

 w/ several points

dorsal-fin membranes deeply incised

body w/ 4-5 thin, irregular bars

suborbital wide

(orbit width .5-.7 suborbital width) anal spine 2 longer than 3

'13#>3#1'4'&&+1'>9 1+=3$%

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)% 	
	

!!

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)%

16

body bright yellow-orange

in adults

head spines rugose

orbital spines 2-10

1#1'4$1? 1'>$#&&''+=3&#?'

3#9#3'$''119>''9#3'$91'111$'9'1%

5-1@0.*9A &+=3&#


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17

body robust

orbital spines 0-1

upper branchiostegal membranes black

orbital spines 0-1
lateral line highlighted in gray,

 contrasting w/ yellow body

pelvic fin strongly pointed,

 often extending to vent

anal fin w/ strong

anterior slant


#'>9&'+=#13##1'? 1'%

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18

underside of jaw

 rough w/ scales

pelvic fin

 extends to vent

anal fin w/ strong

 anterior slant

gray mottling w/ red wash

'+=&'3&'13#?&#'#&&1'1&'#'81'?#&4I

#1#&4 19'93#1''+=3&#$?$1#&9'93#1'+=3&#''?

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)%

19

lachrymal spines

pointed forward

anal spine 2 longer than 3

edge of dorsal fin black

lachrymal w/ 3-4

spines on lower

margin
head large w/ large spines

cheek spines 8-10, strong

pectoral fin

 w/ shallow notch

anal spine 2 longer than 3

dorsal spine 3 longer than 4

head large

 w/ large spines

cheek spines 8-10, strong pectoral fin

 w/ strong notch anal spine 2 longer than 3

dorsal spine 3 shorter than 4


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20
head spines very strong, up to 1 cm high

anal spine 2 longer than 3

lower pectoral rays

fleshy, free at tips

cheek spines 1-2, weak


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21

cheek spines

8-10, strong

pectoral fin w/ slight notch,

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anal spine 2 longer than 3

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22

dorsal spines 14

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dorsal fin and its base

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pelvic and anal fins

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23

posterior 2/3 of lateral line

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four discrete blotches at

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anal spine 2 longer than 3


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24

anal spine 2 longer than 3

body copper-red

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body gray w/ yellow mottling

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back and sides w/ small dark spots

anal fin w/

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operculum w/ dark brown blotch

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+3&4+'$113? 1#%@&''1'+#'$%A

0(1@559A &


(. 9@0!*9A  !1#)'



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-+
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$#&&"@$#&&(11#7A%

2-$433+1+='&&+9&1?#&4 19#1''$&1'%

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'!	&  &##4'1#& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 "
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%#"$
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06. 9@!(59A  !1)'<1#)'



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$4$'+4 &#'#&&1'&'#?#&4 19'93#1'1

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9#11''$&1'%

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$#0%	"'#	 "
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2,"
)$
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-!

dorsal-fin membranes deeply incised

dorsum w/ distinct yellow area

lower anterior area spotted

body w/ distinct

 yellow stripe on lateral line

&#>+='&#&'#'&&+3&'13#>&#'#&&1'>#1&+'

'?&'##'#'11''1&+''?'&&+$#19'93#1'

3'+''1#1'#&$1'%

061@-*9A &


0, 9@-(9A  !1#)'



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0$433+1+= &'4&'3&'@3&#+='&&+1#14

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!!

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3&'1	$'7A?&&#'$#&&!(4!*@$#&&!*4-.1	$'7A%

2-$43+=3#'&&+9&1@'&#>9#&&>#1 &'4&'

3&'1	$'7A?$1#&4 19#1''$&1'%

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3&'1	$'7A?'#$1'"#1*$#&&$''1%

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--

light gray or pink blotches

 on back and sides

yellow blotches

 on back and sides

#4&)'#&)'43+1>#'+=9&1> 1#9'&#

3%

0(1@5-9A &


!6 9@5"9A  !1)'<



64( 9@,40!9A 
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)	$
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0!!$4&&#'#133>0(4!6@!*4-511'&$7A?$'#&

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0$439&'+=&#'#?&&#'!"4-.@$#&&-04-51'&$

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-0 9@6"9A  !1)'<



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0$"$
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 $4&&#'!64!,>1?#3&1$'&9@#3'11	#

7A?33+1%

0$4&&#'!"4-.>1?33+1>9&'+=&#'#%

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1	#7A?33+1%

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$#0%	"'#	 "
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0$"$
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gill rakers short and stubby,

 17-25 on first arch

caudal peduncle

deep and thick

$1+=')'#&3#)'#'3#113?3#1

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!61@"59A &#


0"6 9@-.!9A  !1#)' &#



0"40.. 9@-.40*-9A 
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$4 '3#1$#')'$'&9#1$#$'#&4 13#'?

$'#&#$#&&0,@$#&&0(17A?1991 #17#14

%

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'#$1'*$''1%

-$43$#&&1 9$1#1'4$1#1#&&+= #1

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'!'1#&#& 1#4#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 "#'	'

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!!

$4 '3#1$)'1#&&#&+''' $'&9?$'#&#

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-6

anal spine 2 longer than 3

1st band extends to

upper pectoral-fin base

body w/ four dark red bands body w/ four dark red bands

anal spine 2 longer than 3 1st band stops at operculum

#&)'#3)'>'&&+3'&+?' 3+=64"1>

)'#&>3&)'3#1?&$1'+=$1?#1#& 1#%

0"1@5.9A &


!6 9@5"9A  !1#)'



D!6 9@D5"9A 
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$		% 


!!

$


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#3'1%

$43#11&'3#1?'#$1'1 '%

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$#0%	"'#	 "#'	'

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06. 9@!(59A  !1#)'



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0	$$
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!!

$


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*#3'1%

*!43#11&)'4'&&+3#1?'#$1'1 '>$1'-

#1"#3'1%

'!	&  &##4'1#& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 "#'	'

0	$$
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-"

body w/ dark red to black bands

on pink to orange background body w/ black bars

 on olive-yellow background


#1'4'&&++=&&)#'9&113#?56&'#>+'

3&'>3''+=&$1#1'1$$'$# 3?#'#1

$'&'? 1$1>+=9''&&+4''1%

0"1@509A ##+=$


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6640,! 9@0..4-6.9A 
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!!

0!
$43$#&&+=1''1$#1'#13#?$'#&

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#1''&&+4$1+=1>''1$#1'#13##1

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00. 9@!.09A  !1#)'



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!BC>00406>B64(>0B0"40*>

	B-04-">$B-645->BF4F>:B!"4!(

0$		#	'$
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!!

$!$43$#&&+= #1''1$#1'#?$'#&#

$#&&0"@0(1	''1$'7A?&&#'$#&&!*4-0@-04-"1

	''1$'7A%

$!$43'>9&'+=$$&'>$#&&+=$$&'3#111#$'>+=

''1$#1'#%

-!$431 9$14'>+=''1$#1'#%

 
!$43+=''1$'#?9&'+='$$&'?

9$'#&13$91'1@#3'11	''1$'7A?&+'E#+$E'3'1

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	''1$'7A%

- $#10
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$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

0$		#	'$
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-(

anal spine 2

 longer than 3 pectoral rays typically 16

anal spine 2

 longer than 3

dorsum w/ round spots

 and green streaks

7#'$1+=)#'''1'##19#&&3&'13#?-6

+3&'13#? 1'&&+4$1%

!!1@6"9A #&


!.. 9@-""9A  !1#)'



5!4!.. 9@("4-""9A 
!BC>0040->B64(>0B0(40*>

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#)$
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!!

0
$4$'#&#$#&&0(@$#&&0*117A?&&#'

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17A?$$'&&#'19'1#@9'1#117A%

0!
$43+=1''1$?$$'&&#'19'1#

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17A?&&#'-04-"@!"4-0117A%

$!$4$'#&#$#&&0"@$#&&0(40*117A?$$'&&

#'19'1#@9'1#117A%

-
$4$91'1133'111$$'E#+@#3'1117A?

3#+='1'''1 '&1?&&#'-54-,@!"4-0117A?$$'&&#'

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!$4&+'E#+$E'@E#+'/#&117A?9$'#&13

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'14#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

#)$
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-*



#1'4'$$&'+='&&++#1&+''?56&'#>

+3&'>3''+=$$&'4'1$$'$# 3? 1$1+='&&+%

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051@-"9A ##


(. 9@0!*9A  !1#)'



0"4!6 9@-.45"9A 
!BC4C:>00405>B64(>0B0"40*>

	B!,4-5>$B-"45">BF4F>:B!"

$&$
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!!

$!$43#1'4'>+'$3''3&$1#1'?

$'#&#$#&&0"@$#&&0(17A?##&$'1&'$#&&

11'>'$&'#13+@'#'#13+17A%

-!$431 9'?##&$'1&''$$#&&&'#13

+@'#'#13+17A%

$43)''+=+'?&&#'!64-.@!,4-517A%

 
!$4&+'E#+$E'1@E#+'/#&17A?9$'#&13

$91'1@#3'19#&&17A?&&#'-545.@!,4-517A%

0!
$43#1'4'+=''1$>+'$3''3&

$1#1'?##&$'1&'$#&&11'>'$&'#13+@'#'

#13+17A%

-$#10
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-
$4$91'1133'111$$'E#+#1'1'''1

 '&113#@#3'117A?&&#'-54-,@!,4-517A%

'!
#114#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

$&$
)%

anal spine 2 longer than 3

body w/ faded pink highlights

anal spine 2 longer than 3

purple bar across nape

'>+#'+=''1#3)'&#'#&&1'#1'&&+3'&+?-5

+3&'>3''+=&''113#? 1'+='&&+4''19'94

3#1'%

061@-,9A #


!-( 9@5--9A  !1#)'



-*4!-( 9@(.45--9A 
!BC>0!405>B64(>0B0"40*>

	B-545.>$B-5455>BF4F>:B!"

($'#	$
)% 


!!

$!$#10!
$43+=''19&1$?9$'#&

13+'##1E#+#3'/#&1&'1?&&#'!*4--@-545.1+$1'

7A%

$!$43#1'4'$$&'?E#+#3'/#&1&'1?&&#'$#&&

!,4-5@-545.1+$1'7A%

-$#10
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-!$431 9'?E#+#3'/#&1&'1?&&#'!*4--@-545.

1+$1'7A%

$43+=)'9q#?$'#&#$#&&0*@$#&&

0(1+$1'7A%

-
$4$91'1133'111$$'E#+@#3'11+$1'

7A?E#+#3'/#&+=9$'#&13%

'!'1#&#& 1#4#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

($'#	$
)%


7#'$1+=)#'''1'##19#&&3&'13#?-6

+3&'13#? 1'&&+4$1%

!!1@6"9A #&


!0( 9@-,"9A  !1#)'



--4!0( 9@"04-,"9A 
!BC4C:>0040->B64">0B0"40*>

	B!*4-5>$B-545!>BF4F>:B!"

0$		#
%	'$
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!!

-$4$'#&#$#&&0*@$#&&0(1	''13&'7A?&&#'

$#&&!"4-.@-.4-51	''13&'7A?$1'1&+''' $'&9

$#&&04!@#3'11	''13&'7A?$$'&&#'9'1#@1

9'1#1	''13&'7A%

0!
$43+=1''1$?#&'1&+'E#+ '+#3'1

@&+'E#+#&'1	''13&'7A%

$!$4$'#&#$#&&0"@0(1	''13&'7A%

-
$4$91'1133'111$$'E#+@#3'11

	''13&'7A?3#+='1' '&1?&&#'-54-,@-.4-51

	''13&'7A%

$!$43'9&'+=$$&'>+=''1$#1'#?#&'1

&+'E#+ '+#3'1@#&'1	''13&'7A%

-!$431 9'?#&'1&+'E#+ '+#3'1@#&'1

	''13&'7A%

'!'1#&#& 1#4#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

0$		#
%	'$
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-,

anal spine 2 longer than 3

anal spine 2 longer than 3

strong symphyseal knob


#1'4'#11'&&+1&+''?3$ '&

)''+=9#&&>+'$1$?-6&'#>+3&'13#?

&#'$'9'19#3'9'13#%

0*1@5"9A &


06. 9@!(59A  !1#)'



0-406. 9@!54!(59A 
!BC4C:>0!405>B64(>0B0"40*>

	B!64-.>$B-(45(>BF4F>:B!64!"

"$$&$
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!!

(!-
$43&'#3)'&#'#&&1'#3'1@6$''11#7A?

3#1'#9'&'1'?1'3#&3##1 &#@1#+#11#)'1#

7A?'#$1'+'#'?99#&&'>9#<&&#'<'193@$'

31#7A%

(+
$
!!&##''+'$%

'!'1#& 1#4#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

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5.


'+=+')'1#&&?9#&&+'$@#%09918'A13

#1$'$# '#?&#'#&&1'9'1'1'&'%

(1@0(9A F


0.. 9@0*-9A  ! &#



(.40.. 9@0!*40*-9A 
!BC>06>B,>0B0(>

	B-*>$B5,>BF4F>:B!(

(%		
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!!

$46&#'>&3&'#3)'&#'#&&1'@#3'11
'$'&'7A?

3#1'#+'?1'3#&1#+#11#)'@3##1 


'$'&'7A?'#$1'1'?9#<&&#'<'1$' 3

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'$'&'7A%

(+
$
!!&##''+'$%

'!'1#& 1#'#	 (%	+	'

$#0%	"'#	(%	+	'$	'

(%		
)	'$
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body w/ many light spots

anal spine 2 longer than 3

body w/ many light spots

anal spine 2 longer than 3

'>+=&'#13#?318'4&'$1$$''

#13#>1&13#' #& 1?'#'#1'#1'#1$'

  #& 1?&#'#&&1'1#1#+>$181'%

!*1@(09A &


!.6 9@-(69A  !1#)'



504!.6 9@(64-(69A 
!BC>0-406>B"4*>0B0*4!.>

	B!"4-.>$B5.45">BF4F>:B!"

$#8		'$
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!!

(+
$
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'!'1#&#& 1#4#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

$#8		'$
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H1 9'+=56&'#>1$+'3&'?#1#&&

13#%

0!1@-.9A #


0". 9@!,-9A  !1#)'



6540". 9@,,4!,-9A 
!BC>0!405>B64">0B0"40*>

	B!*4-->$B--45.>BF4F>:B!"

#)$	$
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!!

$!$>0!
$>#10
$43#1'4'&&++=

''19&1$%

$!$43$$&'4'?##&$'1&''$'#'#13+ @##&

$'1&''$&'#13+11'7A%

-$43+=''1'#?$$'&&#'9'1#@19'1#1

1'7A?&+''' $'&9+=04!$1'@&+'''91

1'7A%

 
!$4$91'19$'#&131$E'1&+'E#+@9$'#&

13#3'1>E#+#3'/#&11'7A?#1#&$1'!'#'$ #1#&#

@'1'#$11'7A

-
$4$91'1131$$'E#+@#3'111'7A?'1' '4

&113#@1 9'11'7A?&&#'-54-,@!*4--11'7A?

#&#$#&&0!@$#&&0-11'7A%

'!'1#& 1#4#E##& 1#

$#0%	"'#	 (%	+	'$	'

#)$	$
)%

50

body w/ bronze spots

 above lateral line

anal spine 2 longer than 3

anal spine 2 longer than 3

body uniform red

1>'1'& '&'+=#''113#?56$#&'3&'1

3#?#'#1##& 1%

,1@!-9A #


,! 9@0"*9A  !1#)'



!!4,! 9@5.40"*9A 
!BC>0!40->B"4(>0B0"40*>

	B-54-,>$B--450>BF4F>:B!"

$	
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!!

0!
$4131$$'E#+#3'1?&&#'$#&&-04-5@-54-,1

7'&'7A

$!$4131$$'E#+#3'1? #1''19&113#@'1'1

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56
Figure 3. Sebastes ciliatus. Alaska, Afognak

Is., Triplets, Kodiak Is., 26 Aug 96. Photo by

R. R. Lauth.

Figure 2. Sebastes caurinus. Washington,

San Juan Island, Lime Kiln, 28 Aug 94.

Photo by R. R. Lauth.

Figure 1. Sebastes auriculatus. Washington,

Puget Sound, Tacoma Narrows, Oct 85.

Photo by R. R. Lauth.

Figure 4. Sebastes emphaeus. Washington,

San Juan Islands, Kellet Bluff off Henry Is.,

29 May 93. Photo by R. R. Lauth.

Figure 5. Sebastes flavidus. Washington,

Strait of Juan de Fuca, Tongue Pt., Diamond

Knot wreck, 27 Sep 94. Photo by R. R.

Lauth.

Figure 6. Sebastes maliger. Washington, San

Juan Islands, Center Reef. Photo by R. R.

Lauth.

Figure 8. Sebastes mystinus. Washington,

Strait of Juan de Fuca, Tongue Pt., Diamond

Knot wreck, 27 Sep 94. Photo by R. R.

Lauth.

Figure 9. Sebastes nebulosus. Washington,

Neah Bay, Duncan Rock, Oct 84. Photo by R.

R. Lauth.

Figure 7. Sebastes melanops. Washington,

Puget Sound, Edmonds wreck, May 82.

Photo by R. R. Lauth.

Figure 10. Sebastes nigrocinctus. Washington, San Juan Islands, Sucia Island, Aug 84.

Photo by R. R. Lauth.

Figure 11. Sebastes pinniger. Washington,

Strait of Juan de Fuca, Tongue Pt., Diamond

Knot wreck, Sep 94. Photo by R. R. Lauth.

Figure 12. Sebastes rosaceus. Washington,

Cobb Seamount, Aug 97. Photo by W.

Robertson.

UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHS

5"
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5(
RECENT TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS

Copies of this and other NOAA Technical Memorandums are available from the

National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22167

(web site: www.ntis.gov). Paper and microfiche copies vary in price. 

AFSC116 WION, D. A., and R. A. MCCONNAUGHEY (editors). 2000. Mobile fishing gear effects on benthic

habitats: A bibliography, 163 p. NTIS number pending.

115 LAUTH, R. R. 2000. The 1999 Pacific west coast upper continental slope trawl survey of groundfish

resources off Washington, Oregon, and California: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and length

composition, 287 p. NTIS No. PB2000-106004.

114 SHAW, F. R., M. E. WILKINS, K. L. WEINBERG, M. ZIMMERMANN, and R. R. LAUTH. 2000. The

1998 Pacific west coast bottom trawl survey of groundfish resources: Estimates of distribution,

abundance, and length and age composition, 138 p. + Appendices. NTIS No. PB2000-105410.

113 ROBSON, B. W. (editor). 2000. Fur seal investigations, 1998, 101 p. NTIS No. PB2000-104258.

112 YANG, M-S., and M. W. NELSON. 2000. Food habits of the commercially important groundfishes in

the Gulf of Alaska in 1990, 1993, and 1996, 174 p. NTIS No. PB2000-103403. 

111 BUSBY, M. S., A. C. MATARESE, and K. L. MEIR. 2000. Annual, seasonal, and diel composition of

larvalandjuvenilefishes collectedbydip-netin Clam Bay, Puget Sound,Washington,from 1985to1995,

36 p. NTIS No. PB2000-103424.

110 HILL, P. S., and D. P. DEMASTER. 1999. Alaska marine mammal stock assessments, 1999, 166 p.

NTIS PB2000-102844.

109 FOWLER, C. W., and M. A. PEREZ. 1999. Constructing species frequency distributions - a step toward

systemic management, 59 p. NTIS No. PB2000-102552.

108 HILL, P. S., J. L.LAAKE,and E. MITCHELL. 1999. Results of a pilot program to document interactions

between sperm whales and longline vessels in Alaska waters, 42 p. NTIS No. PB2000-101118.

107 MOORE, S. E., M. E. DAHLHEIM, K. M. STAFFORD, C. G. FOX, H. W. BRAHAM, M. A. MCDONALD,

and J. THOMASON. 1999. Acoustic and visual detection of large whales in the eastern north Pacific

Ocean, 27 p. NTIS No. PB2000-101119.

106 SINCLAIR, E.H.,and B. W. ROBSON. (editors). 1999. Fur seal investigations, 1997, 111 p. NTIS No.

PB2000-100223.

105 MURPHY, J. M., A. L. J. BRASE, and J. A. ORSI. 1999. Survey of juvenile Pacific salmon in the

northern region of southeastern Alaska, May-October 1997, 40 p. NTIS No. PB99-175630.

104 SMITH, K. R., and R. A. MCCONNAUGHEY. 1999. Surficial sediments of the eastern Bering Sea

continental shelf: EBSSED database documentation, 41 p. NTIS No. PB2000-100938.

103 RUGH, D. J., M. M. MUTO, S. E. MOORE, and D. P. DEMASTER. 1999. Status review of the eastern

north Pacific stock of gray whales, 93 p. NTIS No. PB99-172678.

102 BUCKLEY, T. W., G. E. TYLER, D. M. SMITH, and P. A. LIVINGSTON. 1999. Food habits of some

commercially important groundfish off the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, and British

Columbia, 173 p. NTIS No. PB99-166563.