I 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 9440 

To require a strategy to increase United States interagency cooperation with 

partner African countries to counter illegal, unreported, and unregulated 

fishing, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

AUGUST 30, 2024 

Mr. MORAN (for himself and Mr. AMO) introduced the following bill; which 

was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and in addition to 

the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each 

case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of 

the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To require a strategy to increase United States interagency 

cooperation with partner African countries to counter 

illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, and for 

other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Securing Enforcement 

5 in African Seas Act of 2024’’ or the ‘‘SEAS Act of 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress finds the following: 

3 (1) Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (in this 

4 Act referred to as ‘‘IUU’’) fishing off Africa’s coasts 

5 undermines regional fisheries management and 

6 international agreements aimed at curbing IUU fish7 ing activities and is a threat to the food and eco8 nomic stability of coastal African countries. 

9 (2) Reports estimate that Illicit Financial 

10 Flows linked to IUU fishing leads to an economic 

11 loss of up to $11,490,000,000 per year for Africa. 

12 (3) The Financial Transparency Coalition, in a 

13 joint report with several other organizations, re14 ported in 2022 that 48.9 percent of all industrial 

15 and semi-industrial vessels identified as being in16 volved in global IUU fishing were found to be oper17 ating off of Africa’s coasts, with 40 percent in West 

18 Africa alone. 

19 (4) The People’s Republic of China (in this Act 

20 referred to as the ‘‘PRC’’) is the largest exploiter of 

21 global marine fisheries, has the largest distant-water 

22 fleet in the world and 8 of the 10 companies most 

23 responsible for IUU fishing are based in China. 

24 (5) IUU fishing often occurs in conjunction 

25 with violations of internationally recognized worker 

26 rights, forced labor, and other human rights abuses. 


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1 (6) In a June 27, 2022, national security 

2 memorandum the White House stated that ‘‘left un3 checked, IUU fishing and associated labor abuses 

4 undermine United States economic competitiveness, 

5 national security, fishery sustainability, and the live6 lihoods and human rights of fishers around the 

7 world’’. 

8 (7) In 2019, Congress passed the Maritime Se9 curity and Fisheries Enforcement Act (Public Law 

10 116–92) to support a whole-of-government approach 

11 across the Federal Government to counter IUU fish12 ing and related threats to maritime security. 

13 (8) Efforts to combat IUU fishing benefit from 

14 strategies that also target the associated maritime 

15 labor abuses like violations of internationally recog16 nized worker rights and forced labor. 

17 (9) The 2022 National 5-Year Strategy for 

18 Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated 

19 Fishing identified the Gulf of Guinea as a ‘‘Tier One 

20 Priority Region’’, Northwest Africa (Atlantic Ocean) 

21 and East Africa as a ‘‘Tier Two Priority Region’’, 

22 and Senegal as a ‘‘Priority Flag State’’, the only 

23 country in Africa to be selected for that status. 

24 (10) In 2020, the Coast Guard called IUU fish25 ing the ‘‘leading global maritime security threat’’ in 


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1 its Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing 

2 Strategic Outlook. 

3 (11) In 2023, there were zero Coast Guard 

4 attache ́s or liaisons deployed in Africa. 

5 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

6 It is the sense of Congress that the United States 

7 should— 

8 (1) work with and encourage African countries 

9 committed to countering IUU fishing to adopt legal 

10 requirements mandating the continual use of vessel11 tracking technologies, including vessel monitoring 

12 systems, automatic identification systems, or other 

13 vessel movement monitoring technologies pertaining 

14 to fishing and transshipment activities, as appro15 priate, during the port- or ocean-based operations of 

16 vessels flagged by these nations and foreign vessels 

17 operating in their exclusive economic zone— 

18 (A) to ensure that all such operations are 

19 legal; 

20 (B) to identify vessels suspected of IUU 

21 fishing activities; and 

22 (C) to counter the illicit or unregulated 

23 shipment of illegally caught fish products, par24 ticularly through ship-to-ship transfers of such 

25 products; 


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1 (2) document instances of private commercial 

2 entities or foreign government-owned fishing vessels 

3 fishing without authorization within the exclusive 

4 economic zones of African countries or within high 

5 seas areas under the management of regional fish6 eries management organizations; 

7 (3) compile and publish— 

8 (A) a list of private commercial entities or 

9 foreign government-owned fishing vessels, in10 cluding licenses and registration data, author11 ized to operate in the exclusive economic zone 

12 of coastal African countries; and 

13 (B) details of foreign fishing fleet access 

14 agreements with African countries (unless pro15 hibited under national law or contractual 

16 terms), management plans, and regulations for 

17 marine fishery stocks; 

18 (4) develop and include in counter-IUU strate19 gies efforts to address associated maritime violations 

20 relating to violations of internationally recognized 

21 worker rights and forced labor; and 

22 (5) work to coordinate efforts to address forced 

23 labor and violations of internationally recognized 

24 worker rights with foreign countries and partners, 

25 where appropriate. 


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1 SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

2 It is the policy of the United States to— 

3 (1) provide technical and other forms of 

4 counter-IUU fishing capacity-building assistance to 

5 countries in Africa that have prioritized such efforts 

6 and that request such assistance; 

7 (2) engage with countries in Africa that face 

8 IUU fishing challenges to deepen cooperation related 

9 to combating IUU fishing; and 

10 (3) ensure that sufficient full-time United 

11 States Government personnel, including personnel 

12 from the Coast Guard and other Federal agency 

13 staff, mandated with pursuing counter-IUU fishing 

14 are deployed to United States Embassies in African 

15 countries that face significant IUU challenges. 

16 SEC. 5. ANNEX TO THE 2022 NATIONAL 5-YEAR STRATEGY. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 

18 date of enactment of this Act, the Interagency Working 

19 Group on IUU Fishing, as established by section 3551 of 

20 the Maritime Security and Fisheries Enforcement Act (16 

21 U.S.C. 8031), shall submit to the appropriate congres22 sional committees an annex to the 2022 National 5-Year 

23 Strategy for Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregu24 lated Fishing relating to IUU fishing off the coasts of Af25 rica. Such annex shall— 


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1 (1) focus on efforts to counter IUU industrial 

2 fishing off of Africa’s coasts; 

3 (2) identify opportunities to expand cooperation 

4 with African countries— 

5 (A) to strengthen national and sub-re6 gional maritime security partnerships with the 

7 United States; and 

8 (B) to achieve increased success in coun9 tering IUU industrial fishing; and 

10 (3) identify specific actions to— 

11 (A) enhance African partner country— 

12 (i) maritime domain awareness capa13 bilities relating to IUU fishing; 

14 (ii) capability to manage fishing ac15 tivities within their exclusive economic 

16 zones and to take enforcement action to 

17 address violations of such management 

18 measures, including through international 

19 coordination; and 

20 (iii) legal and other institutional ca21 pacity-building necessary to develop, en22 hance, and enforce effective domestic laws 

23 and regulations, including those necessary 

24 to implement international legal commit25 ments, to combat IUU fishing; 


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1 (B) assist with the regulation of domestic 

2 and foreign commercial fishing vessels and 

3 fleets operating in a given country’s territorial 

4 waters in a manner that facilitates the identi5 fication, mitigation, and prevention of unsafe 

6 working conditions, violations of internationally 

7 recognized worker rights, and labor abuses on 

8 such vessels and fleets; and 

9 (C) increase support for existing regional 

10 monitoring, control, and surveillance centers 

11 and support the establishment of new such cen12 ters throughout Africa. 

13 (b) PRIORITY COASTAL STATES.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—In implementing the annex 

15 required by subsection (a), the Secretary of State, in 

16 consultation with the Administrator of the United 

17 States Agency for International Development, the 

18 Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the Na19 tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 

20 Commandant of the Coast Guard and the heads of 

21 other relevant Federal agencies, shall identify addi22 tional African countries to be ‘‘Priority Coastal 

23 States’’ to serve as the focus of counter-IUU fishing 

24 efforts in Africa. Such Priority Coastal States shall 

25 be chosen— 


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1 (A) on the basis of— 

2 (i) significant negative impact that 

3 IUU fishing is having on the host coun4 try’s economy, food security and stability; 

5 (ii) capacity, and willingness, of the 

6 host country to work with the United 

7 States Government in countering IUU 

8 fishing; and 

9 (iii) the national security interests of 

10 the United States; and 

11 (B) in a manner that ensures that— 

12 (i) not fewer than 4 countries are se13 lected, including not fewer than one East 

14 African country; and 

15 (ii) all of the countries are from either 

16 a Tier One or Tier Two Priority Region, 

17 as defined in the 2022 National 5-Year 

18 Strategy for Combating Illegal, Unre19 ported, and Unregulated Fishing. 

20 (2) CONGRESSIONAL CONSULTATION.—Prior to 

21 finalization of the selection of Priority Countries, 

22 representatives from the Department of State, the 

23 United States Agency for International Develop24 ment, the Department of Defense, the National Oce25 anic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Coast 


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1 Guard shall consult the appropriate congressional 

2 committees on the countries being considered for 

3 prioritization and shall consider congressional input 

4 on such prioritization. 

5 (3) JUSTIFICATION.—Not later than 60 days 

6 after the selection of the Priority Countries under 

7 this subsection the Secretary of State, in coordina8 tion with the Administrator of the United States 

9 Agency for International Development, the Secretary 

10 of Defense, the Administrator of the National Oce11 anic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Com12 mandant of the Coast Guard, and in consultation 

13 with the heads of other relevant Federal depart14 ments and agencies, shall submit to Congress an un15 classified written justification, which may include a 

16 classified annex, for the Priority Countries chosen. 

17 (c) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.—Not later than 1 year 

18 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

19 of State, in coordination with the Administrator of the 

20 United States Agency for International Development, the 

21 Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the National 

22 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Com23 mandant of the Coast Guard, and the heads of other rel24 evant Federal agencies, shall submit a plan to counter 

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1 section (c) including by implementing the specific actions 

2 identified in subsection (a). 

3 (d) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the date 

4 of enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter for a 

5 total of 8 years, the Secretary of State, the Department 

6 of Justice, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 

7 Atmospheric Administration, the Secretary of Defense, 

8 and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall jointly sub9 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, 

10 which may include a classified annex, that includes the 

11 following: 

12 (1) A review of the ongoing efforts of the 

13 United States to develop the institutional capacity of 

14 partner nations in Africa to interdict or identify ac15 tors involved in prohibited IUU fishing practices or 

16 acts (whether prohibited by law or regulation) and, 

17 as applicable, to prosecute violations of such actors 

18 under existing domestic laws and, where appropriate, 

19 to support the efforts of such countries to strength20 en their laws aimed at combatting IUU fishing. 

21 (2) A review of efforts to strengthen, reform, or 

22 otherwise enhance the laws, policies, and regulatory 

23 systems and capacities of partner nations in Africa 

24 as these tools relate to countering IUU fishing, in25 creasing transparency around operations, including 


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1 corruption in the allocation of fishing quotas or 

2 other rights. 

3 (3) An assessment of the number of Depart4 ment of Transportation SeaVision accounts that 

5 have been allocated to African countries and the as6 sociated training provided on how to use SeaVision 

7 data. 

8 (4) A review of the progress made in identifying 

9 the opportunities to expand the mechanisms to com10 bat IUU fishing laid out in section 3544 of the Mar11 itime Security and Fisheries Enforcement Act (16 

12 U.S.C. 8014). 

13 (5) An assessment of actions that could be 

14 taken by the United States to highlight, publicly and 

15 to African partners, the IUU fishing behavior off of 

16 Africa’s coasts of vessels flagged to the People’s Re17 public of China or with Chinese beneficial owners 

18 and the negative impact caused by IUU fishing to 

19 partner countries in Africa. 

20 (6) A recording and assessment of the total 

21 number of vessels engaged in suspected IUU fishing 

22 detected in Africa by the United States and the 

23 country of origin for each such vessel during the 2- 

24 year period ending on the date of the submission of 

25 the report. 


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1 (7) A review of ongoing efforts by the United 

2 States to promote maritime security, marine envi3 ronmental protection, and fisheries sustainability in 

4 Africa including the number, and per-country break5 down, of United States Government personnel situ6 ated in diplomatic or consular posts in Africa who 

7 work on the counter-IUU fishing portfolio, either 

8 full or part time. 

9 (8) A recording and assessment of the number 

10 of interdictions and boarding and inspections in or 

11 off African waters of fishing vessels suspected of 

12 IUU fishing activities by the Coast Guard, United 

13 States Navy, or other relevant Federal departments 

14 and agencies, that occurred during the 2-year period 

15 ending on the date of the submission of the report. 

16 (9) Specific opportunities to— 

17 (A) enhance coordination between the De18 partment of State, the United States Agency 

19 for International Development, and the Coast 

20 Guard, specifically through the Maritime Advi21 sors program, as it relates to counter-IUU fish22 ing efforts in African countries; 

23 (B) enhance cooperation between the Coast 

24 Guard, the Navy, the Department of State, the 

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1 opment, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

2 Administration, and other relevant Federal de3 partments and agencies, and the maritime 

4 forces of African countries that are allies and 

5 partners of the United States, to coordinate 

6 and improve counter-IUU fishing efforts; 

7 (C) strengthen engagement and coordina8 tion by the Coast Guard with other relevant 

9 Federal departments and agencies that lead 

10 United States participation in regional organi11 zations, including regional fisheries manage12 ment organizations, dedicated to coordination 

13 and cooperation in support of the fisheries poli14 cies that align with customary international law 

15 related to fisheries management, trade, and law 

16 enforcement, international best fishing prac17 tices, and United States standards, ocean con18 servation, maritime security, and related initia19 tives of Africa; 

20 (D) increase the presence of the Coast 

21 Guard personnel and other relevant Federal de22 partments and agencies authorized to address 

23 IUU fishing at United States diplomatic and 

24 consular posts across Africa to support host 


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1 country law enforcement and capacity-building 

2 initiatives; 

3 (E) increase the frequency, and duration of 

4 stay, of Coast Guard Mobile Training Teams 

5 visits to Africa; and 

6 (F) include Coast Guard-led counter-IUU 

7 fishing exercises in the annual Department of 

8 Defense at-sea exercises conducted with partner 

9 countries in Africa including, if appropriate, 

10 participation by other relevant United States 

11 departments and agencies. 

12 SEC. 6. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON INCREASING THE PRES13 ENCE OF THE COAST GUARD IN AFRICA. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Commandant of the Coast 

15 Guard and the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 

16 Secretary of Defense and in coordination with the heads 

17 of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall 

18 conduct a feasibility study to assess the potential for, and 

19 challenges to, increasing the number of personnel of the 

20 Coast Guard and other Federal departments or agencies 

21 with counter-IUU fishing technical capacities and man22 dates at United States diplomatic and consular posts in 

23 Africa. 

24 (b) RECOMMENDED ASSUMPTIONS.—For the pur25 poses of the feasibility study required by subsection (a) 


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1 Congress recommends that the following assumptions be 

2 made: 

3 (1) The Coast Guard personnel deployed must 

4 be in the role of a Coast Guard Attache ́, Coast 

5 Guard Liaison Officer, Coast Guard Maritime Advi6 sor, or Coast Guard Security Cooperation Officer. 

7 (2) The deployed Coast Guard personnel shall 

8 remain in the Coast Guard Priority Country for a 

9 tour of duty no shorter than 2 years. 

10 (c) IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY COUNTRIES.—Not 

11 later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 

12 Act, the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the Sec13 retary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of De14 fense, shall identify certain African countries, to be known 

15 under this Act as ‘‘Coast Guard Priority Countries’’ that 

16 would benefit the most from an increased Coast Guard 

17 presence. Such countries shall be selected pursuant to the 

18 following: 

19 (1) Coast Guard Priority Countries shall be se20 lected on the basis of the criteria laid out in section 

21 5(c)(1) for identifying ‘‘Priority Countries’’ and 

22 shall also take into account the likelihood that the 

23 deployment of Coast Guard personnel to the United 

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1 crease the effectiveness of counter-IUU fishing ef2 forts. 

3 (2) Prior to finalization of the selection of the 

4 Coast Guard Priority Countries, representatives 

5 from the Department of State, the Department of 

6 Defense, the Coast Guard and other relevant Fed7 eral departments and agencies, shall consult the ap8 propriate congressional committees on the countries 

9 being considered and shall consider congressional 

10 input on such prioritization. 

11 (d) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 

12 of enactment of this Act, the Commandant of the Coast 

13 Guard, in coordination with the Secretary of State and 

14 the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate 

15 congressional committees a written justification for the 

16 priority countries selected that includes— 

17 (1) the results of the feasibility study under18 taken pursuant to subsection (a); 

19 (2) justification as to why the Coast Guard Pri20 ority Countries were chosen; 

21 (3) how the Coast Guard personnel deployed on 

22 an ongoing basis to embassies in Coast Guard Pri23 ority Countries will benefit counter-IUU fishing ef24 forts in these countries; 


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1 (4) the expected timeline it would take for the 

2 Coast Guard personnel to arrive in each of the Coast 

3 Guard Priority Countries selected; 

4 (5) the current capacity of the host nation gov5 ernment, to include the number of maritime assets 

6 in the host country navy or coast guard, and the 

7 willingness and ability of the host country govern8 ment to implement reforms to facilitate successful 

9 counter-IUU fishing; and 

10 (6) an assessment of challenges or impediments 

11 to Coast Guard deployment to Coast Guard Priority 

12 Country. 

13 SEC. 7. INCREASED TRAINING IN ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, 

14 AND UNREGULATED FISHING DIPLOMACY. 

15 Section 708 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 

16 U.S.C. 4028) is amended— 

17 (1) in subsection (a)(1)(C), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 

18 and inserting a semicolon; 

19 (2) in subsection (a)(1)(D) by striking ‘‘.’’ and 

20 inserting ‘‘; and’’; 

21 (3) by adding at the end of subsection (a)(1) 

22 the following new subparagraph: 

23 ‘‘(E) for Foreign Service Officers who will 

24 be assigned to a country experiencing or at risk 

25 for human trafficking, maritime violations of 


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1 internationally recognized worker rights, and 

2 maritime forced labor within their seafood sec3 tor, including on distant water fishing fleets, as 

4 determined by the Secretary of State, in con5 sultation with the heads of other relevant Fed6 eral agencies, instruction on monitoring and 

7 countering illegal, unregulated and unreported 

8 fishing through the training described in sub9 section (f).’’; and 

10 (4) by adding at the end the following new sub11 section: 

12 ‘‘(f) COUNTER-IUU FISHING.—The Secretary of 

13 State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the 

14 Commandant of the Coast Guard, the Administrator of 

15 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 

16 the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, and appro17 priate representatives of the private sector, shall establish 

18 as part of the standard training for Foreign Service Offi19 cers, chiefs of mission, and deputy chiefs of mission serv20 ing or preparing to serve in countries that were identified 

21 as being in a Tier One, Tier Two, or Tier Three Priority 

22 Region, as defined in the most recent National 5-Year 

23 Strategy for Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregu24 lated Fishing, training on matters related to countering 

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1 time violations of internationally recognized worker rights, 

2 and maritime forced labor in the respective host country, 

3 including— 

4 ‘‘(1) ongoing efforts to counter-IUU fishing; 

5 ‘‘(2) country maritime domain awareness capa6 bilities including technical assistance; 

7 ‘‘(3) maritime law enforcement activities, in8 cluding international coordination; 

9 ‘‘(4) legal capacity to strengthen and enforce 

10 domestic fisheries management and conservation 

11 laws and regulations, including those necessary to 

12 implement international legal commitments, aimed 

13 at countering IUU fishing, maritime violations of 

14 internationally recognized worker rights, forced 

15 labor; 

16 ‘‘(5) legal capacity to identify, apprehend, in17 vestigate and prosecute transgressors; and 

18 ‘‘(6) challenges to implementing effective 

19 counter-IUU fishing efforts.’’. 

20 SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

21 Amounts made available to carry out this Act and 

22 the amendments made by this Act shall be derived from 

23 amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated to each 

24 applicable Federal department or agency, and in par25 ticular, with respect to activities of the Department of 


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1 State, from the Counter PRC Influence Fund of such De2 partment. 

3 SEC. 9. DEFINITIONS. 

4 In this Act: 

5 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT6 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com7 mittees’’ means— 

8 (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

9 the House of Representatives; and 

10 (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

11 the Senate. 

12 (2) FORCED LABOR.—The term ‘‘forced labor’’ 

13 has the meaning given that term in section 307 of 

14 the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307). 

15 (3) IUU FISHING.—The term ‘‘IUU fishing’’ 

16 means activities described as illegal fishing, unre17 ported fishing, or unregulated fishing (as such terms 

18 are defined in paragraph (3) of the International 

19 Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Ille20 gal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, adopted 

21 at the 24th Session of the Committee on Fisheries 

22 in Rome on March 2, 2001). 

23 (4) INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED WORKER

24 RIGHTS.—The term ‘‘internationally recognized 

25 worker rights’’ has the meaning give that term in 


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1 section 601 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 

2 2467). 

Æ 


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