RULE 4103 OPEN BURNING (Adopted June 18, 1992; Amended December 17, 1992; Amended December 16, 1993; Amended June 21, 2001; Amended September 16, 2004; Amended May19, 2005; Amended May 17, 2007; Amended April 15, 2010 - Not effective until June 1, 2010)

1.0 Purpose

The purpose of this rule is to permit, regu late, and coordinate th e use of open burning while minimizing smoke impacts on the public.

2.0 Applicability

This rule applies to open bur ning conducted in the San Joaqui n Valley Air Basin, with the exception of prescribed burning and hazard reduction burning as de fined in Rule 4106 (Prescribed Burning and H azard Reduction Burning).

3.0 Definitions

3.1 Agricultural Burning:

3.1.1 The open burning of vegetative materials produced wholly from agricultural operations.

3.1.2 The burning of grass and weeds in fence rows, ditch banks, and berms in non-tillage orchard operations a nd fields being prepared for

cultivation.

3.1.3 The burning of materials not produced wholly from agricultural operations but which are essential to agricultural operations, except as prohibited by Section 5.5.7 of this ru le. Examples are paper trays for drying raisins, paper hot caps, untr eated grape stakes, and pesticide

and fertilizer sacks burned in the field where they are emptied.

3.2 Agricultural Operations: the growing and harvesting of crops or the raising of fowl or animals, for the primary purpose of earning a living, or of conducting agricultural research or instructi on by an educational institution.

3.3 Agricultural Waste: any vegetative mate rials produced wholly from agricultural operations, the operation or ma intenance of a system for the delivery of water in agricultural operations, or material s described in Section 3.1.3.

3.4 Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO): the Air Pollution Control Officer of the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District, as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions).

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 1 04/15/103.5 Air Quality: the characteris tics of the ambient air as indicated by concentrations of the six criteria air pollutants for which Federal and State standards have been established pursuant to s ection 108 and 109 of the Fe deral Clean Air Act [i.e., particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, n itrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and lead], by State air quality standards, and by visibility in mandatory Federal Class I areas, as specified pursuant to secti on 169A of the Federal Clean Air Act.

3.6 Allocation System: a sy stem in the smoke management program that limits the amounts, timing, and locati ons of burning in order to minimize smoke impacts.

3.7 Ambient Air: that portion of the atmos phere, external to buildings, to which the general public has access.

3.8 Ambient Air Quality Standards: th e national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) promulgated by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

3.9 Approved Ignition Devices: those instruments or materials that will ignite agricultural waste and other materials wit hout the production of black smoke by the ignition device. This would include such devices as liquid petroleum gas, butane, propane, or diesel oil burne rs and flares where the device produces a flame and the flame is then used for ignition, or ot her devices approved by the Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO).

3.10 ARB or State Board: the California Air Resources Board.

3.11 Board: the Governing Board of th e San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District, as define d in Rule 1020 (Definitions).

3.12 Campfire: an attended recreationa l fire at a designated campground or in a Wildland, as defined in Rule 4106 (P rescribed Burning and Hazard Reduction Burning), when approved by the appropria te land manager. A campfire shall not be larger than three f eet in diameter and the fuel must be clean, dry wood with no other debris, trash, garbage or refuse.

3.13 Contraband: any illega l material or prohibited good that has been confiscated within the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin by a law enforcement agency or fire department, including but not limited to explosives, pyrotechnics, and illegal drugs.

3.14 EPA: the United States Environmental Protection Agency or any person designated to act on its behalf.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 2 04/15/103.15 Field Crops: includes alfalfa, asparagus , barley stubble, beans, corn, cotton, flower straw, hay, lemon grass, oat st ubble, pea vines, peanuts, rice stubble, safflower, sugar cane, vege table crops, and wheat stubbl e, and other field crops, as determined by the State Board.

3.16 Fire Hazard: a situation in which a fire could present a threat to the health and/or safety of a person or persons but whic h does not impose imminent fire danger.

3.17 Fire Protection Agency: any agency w ith the responsibility and authority to protect people, property, and the envi ronment from fire, and havi ng jurisdiction within the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin.

3.18 Imminent and Substan tial Economic Loss: the loss of a planting season or the irreparable harm of a crop.

3.19 Imminent Fire Hazard: a hazard that pr esents imminent danger to the health and/or safety of a person or persons and for which direct abatement by fire is necessary.

3.20 Metropolitan Area: the sphere of influe nce of an incorporated city as defined by the Local Agency Formation Commission.

3.21 No-Burn Day: any day on which agri cultural burning is prohibited by the ARB, the District, or by a public fire protection agency for purposes of fire control or prevention.

3.22 Noxious Weeds: as defi ned in Section 403 of the Plant Protection Act (7 USC
7702).

3.23 Open Burning or Open Outdoor Fire: th e combustion of any co mbustible refuse or other material of any type outdoors in the open air, not in any enclosure, where the products of combustion are not directed th rough a flue. For the purposes of this rule, prescribed burning and hazard reduction burning are not considered to be open burning.

3.24 Orchard Removal Matter: agricultu ral waste generated by the removal of orchards. This includes leaves, branch es, trunks, roots, stumps and untreated branch support sticks.

3.25 Orchard Removals: includes, but is no t limited to orchard removal matter, stumps,

and untreated sticks.

3.26 Other Materials: includes, but is not limited to brooder paper, deceased goats, and

diseased bee hives.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 3 04/15/103.27 Other Weeds and Maintena nce: includes, but is not limited to, ditch bank work, canal bank work, dodder weed, star thistle , tumbleweed, noxious weeds, pesticide sacks, and fertilizer sacks burned in the fields where they are emptied.

3.28 Permit: as used herein refers to a District Open Burn Permit.

3.29 Prunings: the vegetative material produced from the regularly scheduled removal of any portion of the agricultu ral crop for the purpose of achieving a desired size, shape, or to promote plant growth for improved cultivation, harvesting, and the maintenance of cr op health. The regularly scheduled

removal does not include the incidental cuttings of dead or broken branches, water-sprouts or suckers, and other damaged crops. For th e purpose of this rule, prunings shall refer to prunings fr om apple crops, apricot crops, avocado crops, bushberry crops, cherry crops, Christmas trees, citrus crops, date crops, eucalyptus crops, fig crops, kiwi crops, nectarine crops, nursery prunings, olive crops, pasture or corral trees, peach crops, pear crops, persimmon crops, pistachio crops, plum crops, pluot cr ops, pomegranate crops, prune crops, quince crops, rose crops, and other prunings , as determined by the State Board.

3.30 Religious Ceremonial Fires: a ny fires conducted to fulfill the doctrinal requirements of an organized religion.

3.31 Residual Rice Stubble: rice stubble re maining on the field that can not be removed completely by th e bailing equipment.

3.32 Single Location: a property where burning is conducted, which is under the

same or common ownershi p or operation, and located on one (1) or more parcels. For burn permit and fire re porting purposes, prope rties separated by rivers, streams, or publicly owned roadwa ys and canals are considered separate

locations.

3.33 Smoke Management Program: a District program that utilizes a daily allocation system for the purpose of limiting the amounts, timing, and locations of open burning to minimize smoke impacts. The smoke management program considers several factors including air quality, meteorological conditions expected during burning, locations of smoke sensitive areas, locations of materials to be burned, and types and amounts of ma terials to be burned.

3.34 Smoke Sensitive Areas: are populated ar eas and other areas where the District determines that smoke and air pollutants can adversely affect public health or welfare. Such areas can include, but are not limited to, towns and villages, campgrounds, trails, populated recreati onal areas, hospitals, nursing homes, schools, roads, airports, public events , shopping centers and mandatory Class 1

areas.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 4 04/15/103.35 Spot Burning: burning of rice stubbl e in areas of the field where rice stubble has been compacted or flattened by the harvesting or baling equipment tracks.

3.36 Surface Harvested Prunings: the ve getative material produced from the regularly scheduled removal of any portion of the agricultural crop for the purpose of achieving a desired size, shap e, or to promote plant growth for improved cultivation, harvesting, and th e maintenance of crop health. The regularly scheduled removal does not incl ude the incidental cuttings of dead or broken branches, water-sprouts or sucker s, and other damaged crops. For the purpose of this rule, surface harvested pr unings includes, but is not limited to, almond prunings, walnut prunings, pecan prunings, grape vines, and vineyard

materials.

3.37 Toxic Substances: substances identif ied by the manufacturer on the package or in a material safety data sheet as posing health hazards.

3.38 Vineyard Removal Materi als: agricultural waste ge nerated by the removal of vineyards. This includes grape vines, grape canes, trunks, roots, untreated grapestakes, and wires, as well as si milar materials from kiwi vineyards.

3.39 Vineyard Materials: incl udes, but is not limited to, grape canes and raisin trays.

3.40 Weed Abatement: the reduction or re moval of noxious weeds and grasses. Weed abatement includes, but is not limited to, be rms, Bermuda grass, fence rows, grass, pasture, and ponding or levee banks.

4.0 Exemptions

4.1 The requirements of this rule shall not apply to:

4.1.1 Open outdoor fires used solely for the purpose of cooking food for human consumption, campfires, and religi ous ceremonial fires, where the combustible material is clean, dry wood or charcoal.

4.1.2 The prevention of an imminent fire hazard declared by a fire agency that cannot be abated by any other means.

4.1.3 The setting of backfires necessary to save life, and/or in the defense of assets at risk pursuant to Secti on 4426 of the Public Resources Code.

4.1.4 The burning, in a respectful and dignified manner, of an unserviceable American Flag that is no longer fit for display.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 5 04/15/104.1.5 The burning of agricultural wast e or crops pursuant to a lawful abatement order issued by the lo cal county agricultural commissioner

as described in S ection 5403 and 5404 of the California Food and Agricultural Code.

4.2 The following activity is exempt from rule requirements, but may only be conducted pursuant to Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO) written authorization:

4.2.1 A fire set by or authorized by any public officer authorized in the performance of his official duty to engage in fire protection activities provided that a burn plan, as descri bed in Section 6.2.1, has been previously submitted to and approved by the APCO and such a fire is necessary for the instruction of em ployees in fire fighting methods.

4.3 The following activities are exempt from the no-burn day restri ctions of Section 6.1.8, subject to APCO authorization and permit requirement s. These activities are not exempt from the provisions of Sections 5.1 through 5.5:

4.3.1 The burning of empty sacks which contained pesticides or other toxic substances, provided that the sack s are within the definition of agricultural burning in Section 3.1.3.

4.3.2 The burning of paper raisin trays.

4.3.3 Other agricultural burning, if the denial of such burning would threaten

imminent and substan tial economic loss, a nd which is conducted pursuant to the following provisions:

4.3.3.1 The APCO may only au thorize such burning when downwind metropolitan areas are forecast by the District to achieve the ambient air quality standards and/or a fire agency has not declared a no- burn day due to safety issues.

4.3.3.2 The District shall limit th e amount of acreage that can be burned on any one no-burn day in any one county to 200

acres.

4.3.3.3 The granting of an exemp tion does not exempt the applicant from any other District or fire control regulations.

4.3.3.4 Within fifteen ( 15) days of the granting of an exemption, the applicant shall return a signed application form that provides the reasons for requesting the exemption and shall pay the required District fee for said exemption.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 6 04/15/104.3.4 The burning of contraband is exempt from the no-burn day restrictions of Section 6.1.8, but may only be conducted pursuant to APCO written authorization and the preparation of a burn plan as described in Section

6.2.2. Contraband burning is subject to the pr ovisions of Section 5.7.

5.0 Requirements

5.1 Except as otherwise provide d in this rule, no person shall set, permit, or use an open outdoor fire for the purpose of dis posal or burning of petroleum wastes;

demolition or construction debr is; residential rubbish; garb age or vegetation; tires; tar; trees; woodwaste; or other combustible or flammable solid, liquid or gaseous waste; or for metal salvage or burning of motor vehicle bodies.

5.2 The APCO shall allocate burning ba sed on the predicted meteorological conditions and whether the total tonnage to be emitted would allow the volume

of smoke and other contaminants to cause a public nuisance, impact smoke
sensitive areas, or create or contribute to an exceedance of an ambient air quality standard.

5.3 The APCO shall restrict the time of day when burns are ignited and conducted, as

necessary.

5.4 No open burning shall be permitted that will create a nuisance as defined in

Section 41700 of the California Health and Safety Code.

5.5 Agricultural Burning

The following conditions are in addition to those requirements specified in Sections 5.1 through 5.4:

5.5.1 No permit shall be issued for th e burning of the following categories of agricultural waste, except for cr ops covered by S ection 5.5.2:

5.5.1.1 Field Crops,

5.5.1.2 Prunings,

5.5.1.3 Weed Abatement, except for categories c overed by Section
5.5.3,

5.5.1.4 Orchard Removals,

5.5.1.5 Vineyard Re moval Materials,

5.5.1.6 Surface Harv ested Prunings, and

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 7 04/15/105.5.1.7 Other Materials.

5.5.2 The District may postpone th e prohibitions in Section 5.5.1 and may issue permits for the burning of any agricultural waste, if all of the following criteria are met:

5.5.2.1 The Board determines that there is no economically

feasible alternative means of eliminating the waste.

5.5.2.2 The Board determines th at there is no long-term federal or state funding commitm ent for the continued operation of biomass fac ilities in the San Joaquin Valley or development of alternatives to burning.

5.5.2.3 The Board determines that the continued issuance of permits for that specific category or crop will not cause, or substantially contri bute to, a violation of an applicable federal ambient air quality standard.

5.5.2.4 The California Air Re sources Board concurs with the Board’s determinations pur suant to this section.

5.5.3 Owner/operators shall use at leas t one of the Best Management Practices

for the control of other weeds and main tenance listed in Attachment 1, or other practices as approved by the AP CO, for the control of star thistle, dodder weeds, tumble weeds, noxious weeds, and weeds located along ditch banks or canal banks, and the disposal of pesticide sacks or fertilizer sacks. The APCO shall not approve any alternative practice unless it is

demonstrated that the alternative is at least as effective in controlling emissions as the listed practices.

5.5.4 Agricultural waste shall not be burned unless it is a rranged or loosely

stacked in such a manne r as to promote drying and insure combustion with a minimum of smoke production.

5.5.5 Agricultural waste to be burned sh all be ignited only with an approved ignition device.

5.5.6 Agricultural waste shall not be burned unless it is free of excessive dirt, soil, and visible surface moisture.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 8 04/15/105.5.7 Agricultural waste does not include and shall not be burned unless it is free of such items as plastic, rubber, ornamental or landscape vegetation, shop wastes, constr uction and demolition material, garbage, oil filters, tires, tar pape r, broken boxes, pa llets, sweatboxes, packaging material, packing boxes or any other material produced in the packing or processing of agri cultural products, and pesticide and fertilizer containers (except sacks bur ned in the field where they were emptied).

5.5.8 Orchard or vineyard remova l waste, or any other material, generated as a result of land use conversion from agricultural to nonagricultural purposes shall not be burned.

5.5.9 Agricultural waste sh all not be burned unless it has been allowed to dry for the following minimum time periods:

Rice Straw See Section 5.5.14.4 Prunings and Small Branches Three (3) Weeks Large Branches Six (6) Weeks

5.5.10 Agricultural burning shall be m onitored and attended as necessary to prevent smoldering.

5.5.11 No agricultural waste shall be burned except during daylight hours.

5.5.12 No agricultural waste shall be a dded to an existing fi re after 5:00 p.m.

5.5.13 All burning shall be ignited as rapidly as practicable within applicable fire control restrictions.

5.5.14 Field crop burning:

The requirements of Section 5.5.14 do not apply to vi nes and tree pruning burning.

5.5.14.1 No field crop burning sh all commence before 10:00 a.m., or after 2:00 p.m., of any day, unless local conditions indicate that other hours are appropriate.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 9 04/15/105.5.14.2 Rice, barley, oat, and wheat straw shall be ignited only by strip firing into-the-wind or by backfiring, except under a special permit issued by the Dist rict when and where extreme

fire hazards are declar ed by the public fi re protection agency to exist, or where crops are de termined by the District not to lend themselves to these techniques.

5.5.14.3 All rice harvesting shall em ploy a mechanical straw spreader

to ensure even distribution of the straw with the exception that rice straw may be left in rows , provided it meets drying time criteria, as specified in Secti on 5.5.14.4 prior to a burn. Rice straw may also be le ft standing, provided it is dried and meets

the crackle test criteria desc ribed in Section 5.5.14.5.

5.5.14.4 After harvesting, no rice st raw shall be burned prior to the following drying periods:

5.5.14.4.1 Spread rice straw: three (3) days; or

5.5.14.4.2 Rowed rice straw: ten (10) days.

5.5.14.4.3 Sections 5.5.14.4. 1 and 5.5.14.4.2 shall not apply if the rice straw makes an audible crackle when tested just prior to burning with the test

method described in Section 5.5.14.5.

5.5.14.5 When checking the field fo r moisture, a composite sample of straw from under the mat, in th e center of the mat, and from

different areas of the field shall be taken to insure a representative sample. A handful of rice straw from each area will give a good indication. Ri ce straw is dry enough to burn

if a handful of straw selected as described above crackles when it is bent sharply.

5.5.14.6 After a rain exceedi ng fifteen hundredths (0.15) inch, notwithstanding Section 5.5.14. 3, rice straw shall not be

burned unless the straw makes an audible crackle when tested just prior to burning with the te st method descri bed in Section

5.5.14.5.

5.5.14.7 The APCO may require additional conditions based on the

condition of the materials to be burned.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 10 04/15/105.6 Ditch Bank and Levee Maintenance

The following conditions are in addition to those requirements specified in Sections 5.1 through 5.4 fo r burning on-site grown vege tative material for rightof-way clearing, levee, and ditch bank maintenance by a public entity or utility:

5.6.1 Trash and debris must be removed prior to burning.

5.6.2 The material has been prepared by stacking, drying, or other methods to promote combustion as specified by the District.

5.7 Contraband Materials

The following conditions are in addition to those requirements specified in Sections 5.1 through 5.4 for the dispos al of contraband materials by burning:

5.7.1 No contraband confiscated outside the Distri ct may be transported into the District for disposal by burni ng. Only contra band confiscated within the San Joaquin Valley Air Ba sin boundaries may be disposed of by burning.

5.7.2 Prior to the burn, a written notif ication of the planned burn must be submitted to the APCO pursuant to Section 6.2.2 of the rule.

5.7.3 Fires shall only be set or allowed by a peace officer or public fire official in the performance of official duty.

5.7.4 To the extent possible, materi als must be burned in areas and in conditions limiting the possibility of smoke impacts on nearby neighbors and/or other smoke sensitive areas.

5.8 Russian Thistle (Salsola Kali) (tumbleweeds)

A District Permit is required for the burni ng of tumbleweeds. The Permit shall be

issued in accordance with Sections 5.8.1, 5. 8.2, and 6.1 and is only valid when the Permit applicant has received a burn authorization from the APCO that will allow burning on a particular day.

5.8.1 The burn site must be maintained in a fire sa fe condition according to the local fire protection agency.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 11 04/15/105.8.2 The smoke and air contaminants shall not impact smoke sensitive
areas, cause or contribute to a nuisance pursuant to Rule 4102 (Nuisance), or create or contribute to an exceedance of an ambient air quality standard. The APCO reserv es the right to deny a Permit request if it might create a nuisance.

5.9 Diseased Materials

A conditional burning permit is required for fires set for the purpose of disease or pest prevention. A conditional burni ng permit shall authorize the burning of only the identified diseased crop, animal, fowl, pest or infected material.

5.9.1 A conditional burning pe rmit will be issued by the APCO, if all of the following criteria are met:

5.9.1.1 The material to be burned is specifically described in the conditional burning permit.

5.9.1.2 The applicant has not been cited for a viol ation of burning rules or regulations in the past 3 years, unless the violation
was of a de minimis nature, as determined by the APCO and the county agricultural commissioner, and

5.9.1.3 The county agricultural co mmissioner has determined all of the following:

5.9.1.3.1 There is no economi cally feasible alternative means of eliminating the disease or pest other than burning, and

5.9.1.3.2 There is the presence of a disease or pest that will cause a substantial, quantifiable reduction in yield or poses a thr eat to the health of adjacent vines, trees, or plants in the field proposed to be burned, during the current or next growing season, or there is the presence of a disease or pest that will cause a substantial, quantif iable reduction in production of animals or fowl.

5.9.2 The holder of a cond itional burning permit may not transfer, sell or trade the burning permit to any other individual.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 12 04/15/106.0 Administrative Requirements

6.1 Open Burn Permits

6.1.1 No person shall knowingly se t or permit open burning unless the person has a valid Permit issued by the APCO and/or the designated agency having jurisdiction in the area where the open burning will take place.

6.1.2 A Permit applicant shall provide information as requested by the APCO and or designated agency. No Permit or authorization shall be deemed valid unless the appli cant has provided the required

information.

6.1.3 A Permit shall be valid only on the lands specified on the Permit.

6.1.4 No material shall be burned unless it is clearly described and quantified

as material to be burned on a valid Permit.

6.1.5 Applications to burn orchard or vineyard remova l waste must be reviewed and shall not be granted if the materials were generated in the process of land use conversi on to nonagricultural purposes.

6.1.6 No burning shall be conducted pursuant to such a Permit without prior authorization for burning on a specified day from the District.

6.1.7 No burning shall be conduc ted contrary to the conditions specified on

the Permit.

6.1.8 Except for burning conducted pursuan t to Section 4.3, a permit shall only be valid on those da ys not designated as no-burn days and the APCO has authorized the burning as being within a particular day’s burn system allocation for the regi on in which burn site is located.

6.1.9 Any Permit issued by a designated ag ency shall be subj ect to the rules and regulations of the District.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 13 04/15/106.2 Burn Plans for Fire

6.2.1 Fire Suppression Training

The lead fire agency planning to conduct fire suppression training must submit a burn plan to the APCO for a pproval a minimum of 15 days prior to the date of the propos ed burn. A burn plan is not required for training conducted at stationary fire training structures located at fire training

facilities when used for the primary purpose of conducting fire training. The burn plan shall address the following:

6.2.1.1 The location of the fire training.

6.2.1.2 The fire agencies involve d with the training, the number of personnel participating with th e training, the name(s) and title(s) of personnel who are re sponsible for the training, and the approximate date the training will occur, including expected burn starting and ending times.

6.2.1.3 If a structure is involved w ith the fire training, the burn plan

shall include an assessment fo r the presence and removal of asbestos containing materials w ithin the structure(s), subject to the requirements of Rule 4002 and the National Emission

Standards for Hazardous Air Po llutants (Subpart M, Part 61, Chapter 1, Title 40, C ode of Federal Regulations).

6.2.1.4 Proposed contingencies to prevent a nuisance, per Rule 4102 (Nuisance).

6.2.2 Contraband

Pursuant to the requirements of Sec tion 5.7, a written notification from the law enforcement agen cy or fire agency c onducting the burn shall be submitted to the APCO for approval a minimum of 15 days prior to the planned burn. In special circumst ances, the APCO ma y waive the 15- day notice requirement. The notifi cation shall provide the following

information:

6.2.2.1 A description of the contraband, includi ng its origin and the

amount of material that will be destroyed by fire.

6.2.2.2 The date and location of the burn.

6.2.2.3 A description of alternative disposal methods other than burning and an explan ation of why the contraband must be destroyed by the use of fire.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 14 04/15/106.2.2.4 The law enforcement agency and/or fire protection agency

involved with the burn.

6.3 The APCO shall pr epare the “Staff Report and Recommendations on Agricultural Burning” document (Report) for any Board de termination made pursuant to Section 5.5.2 and in accordance with the following:

6.3.1 The Report shall be presented to the Board for review and approval. Board-approved Report shall be submitted to ARB and EPA for inclusion into the State Implementation Plan.

6.3.2 The APCO shall review and update , as appropriate, the Report at least once every five (5) years. U pdated Reports shall be approved according to Section 6.3.1.

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 15 04/15/10**ATTACHMENT 1**

**BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES**

**FOR THE CONTROL OF OTHER WEEDS AND MAINTENANCE**

Star Thistle, Dodder Weeds, Tumb leweeds, Noxious Weeds and Other Weeds Affecting Surface Waterways

1. Use a planting-to-moisture technique that dest roys weeds by cultivation then allow the soil to partially dry and plant large seeded crops in the moist soil below the dried soil zone.

2. Use of a buried drip irrigation sy stem to minimize moisture that is available to weed seeds germinating at the surface level.

3. Reduce the amount of weeds th at produce seed by performing regular weed control during the growing and off-season.

4. Use corn gluten as a pre-emergence material to suppress weeds as they germinate.

5. Apply conventional chemical he rbicides or non-conventional he rbicides such as Citric Acid, Vinegar, or Sodium Nitrate.

6. The use of an anaerobic manure digester to reduce weed seeds in composted materials.

7. Apply hot foam to kill weeds with the heat re leased from the foam, and allow the foam to dissipate after it has been applied.

8. Select crops that out-compete weed s for moisture and soil nutrients.

9. Apply mulching material around crops to block sunlight, which prevents weed germination and growth.

10. Use of animals or fowls to eat weeds. This technique is most effective in range or noncrop areas.

11. Soil solarization covering utili zes plastic sheeting placed on beds during the summer to trap solar energy generating heat th at destroys the emerging weeds.

12. Apply a flame to wilt (desiccat e) and or remove the desi ccated vegetation (sanitation). The application of the flame is limited such that removal of the flame does not result in continued ignition of the vegetation.

13. Mechanically remove weeds by disking and tilling. The mechanical removal up-roots or

buries the weeds.

14. Open burning in accordance with the requi rements of Rule 4103 (Open Burning)

Other Maintenance (Pesticide Sacks, Fertilizers Sacks)

15. Dispose of the pesticide/fertilizer sacks into a landfill.

16. Purchase pesticide/fertilizer sold in returnable, refillable bulk bags.

17. Open burning in accordance with the requi rements of Rule 4103 (Open Burning)

SJVUAPCD 4103 - 16 04/15/10