Professional Paper No, 46 Series / B' DescnPtlTe G^°SJ, 77 

Mnes \ 0, Underground Waters, 49

DEPAETMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY

CHARLES D WALCOTT, DIKECTOK

GEOLOGY

AND

UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES

OF

NORTHERN LOUISIANA AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS

BY

!. C.

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1906
CONTENTS.

Page

OUTLINE OF PAPER. ........................................................................ 10

INTRODUCTION ........................ .................-.-......-..----.-.-...... ........ 11

Field woik..................................................................... 11

Literature...................................................................... 11

CHAPTER I GEOLOGY. ...................................................................... 14

Introduction.......... ... .....___............_..._...................-...._...._._._. 14

Outline of major features of present topography.............. ........................ 14

Outline of geological history......... .............-------.__.------------.------..... 16

Historical geology......................... ............................................. 16

Pre-Cretaceous ..................................................................... 16

Cretaceous ................_....................................................... 18

Conditions of deposition.......................................................... 18

Major divisions..................-......_..._............-..................._._ 19

Lower Cretaceous or Comanche series.............................................. 20

Conditions of deposition..................................................... "20

Trinity sand................................................................ 20

Goodland limestone..______._..........-...................___._............ 21

Washita group.............................................................. 21

Upper Cretaceous or Gulf series................................................... 22

Conditions of deposition..................................................... 22

Major divisions.................................................... ........ 22

Bingen sand................................................................. 23

Characterization and distribution......................................... 23

Relation to Texas area.................................................. 24

Sub-ClaiksTille sand .................................................... 25

Brownstown formation ........ ............................................. 25

Annona chalk.............................................................. 25

Marlbrook formation........................................................ 26

Nacatoch sand...-.---............ ......................................... 26

Arkadclphia clay................'.. ......................................... 28

Igneous intrusions during the upper Cretaceous..................................... 28

Development of dome-like folds....-----------.----..--------.-------.-------..... 29

Tertiary......................... I..............-..--.----..-----.................. 31

Eocene.........................................-.-...........................'. 31

Conditions of deposition..................................................... 31

Midway epoch...................................................... 31

Sabine epoch....................................................... 31

Claiborne epoch.__........._.....-...........--..................... 32

Jackson epoch...................................................... 32

Major divisions............................................................. 32

Midway formation............. ......-..--.......--...-.........----........ 33

Sabine formation -.-.........----------------------......--.....-----......'. 34

3
4 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I GEOLOGY Continued Page 

Historical geology Continued

Tertiary Continued ' 

Eocene Continued J

Claihornp formation......................................................... 36

Cockfield member....................................................... 37

Jackson formation.......................................................... 39

Undifferentiated Eocene ................. t................................... 40

Oligocene................................................. ... ............... 40

Conditions of deposition...................................................... 40

Vicksbuig formation............................................... ........ 41

Catahoula f01 mation....................................... ... ............ 42

Fleming clay.................................................. ............ 43

Miocene and early Pliocene.............................. ....... ................ 44

Late Pliocene................................................................... 44

Lafayette formation....... ................................................. 44

Conditions of deposition................................................. 44

Piesent distribution........................ ............................ 45

Quaternaiy. ...................................................................... 46

Pleistocene..................................................................... 46

Late Tertiary and early Quatei nary erosion.................................... 46

Port Hudson deposition........._...........................-... ............ 50

Conditions of deposition................................................. 50

Deposition of the loess............................. .,.. . . .'.....-.---. 52

Erosion of the Poi t Hudson deposits.......................................... 52

Diversion of Ouachita River near Harnsonburg, La.. . . ... ............ 53

Transverse channels of Bayou Bartholomew, Boeuf Rnpi, and Deei Cieck.... 54

I Difference in level between the Ouachita and Mississippi 'flood plains at the

Louisiana-Arkansas State line.................................... ..... 55

Formation of natural mounds.. -......- .................................... 55

General chaiacter and theories of origin...... ................ ............ 55

Spring and gas-vent theory......................... ..................... 56

Dune theory .......................................... . ............ 57

Ant-hill theory.. .................................. . .. .. ......... 58

Recent................................. ............ ..... . .. .............. 59

Formation and destruction of the lakes of Red River Valley ----- ............... 60

Deflection of Red River below Alexandria, La..... ... ........................ 62

Production of the "Rapides 1 'near Alexandria, La.... .... . . ............... 0)3

Development of small rapids on Sabine and Angelina rivers ..... . ......... 64

Fault'on Ouachita River near Alabama Landing, La.................. .......... 65

Landslip benches......................................... .... ............ 66

Structure ............................................................................... 66

Bioader structural features resulting fiom causes associated with conditions of deposition... 66

Changes by subsequent orographic mo\ements...__.__.,..._.....__._..__._______...-.. 67

Domes......................................................................... 67

Angel ma-Caldwell flexure........................................................ 68

Red River-Alabama Landing fault................................................ 68

Local structural features............................................................. 69

Dip of strata....................................................................... 69

CHAPTER II GENERAL UNDERGROUND WATER CONDITIONS. ...................................... 70

Introduction..........-.....-.--.-...-....---...............--.-..-..---------..-....--. 70

Source of underground water..................................................... 70

Nature of movement of underground water................ ........................ 70
J

CONTENTS. 5

CHAPTER II GESERAL DSDERGRODSD WATER CONDITIONS Continued Page. 

Introduction Continued

Zones of saturation. _...............__....-..-..-----------.--------- -. -- -- 72

Main giound-water table..............-.-.-------.---.---.--------.------ 72

Perched ground-water tables..................---....---.--....---------- 72

Variations of pressure or head-.-..-............---------------- --..----.-------- 73

Causes producing artesian or flowing wells........................... ....--.------- 73

Principal water-bearing honzons........................................... ------------ 74

Lower Cretaceous horizons....-........-----------------.--------- --- ---. ----- 74

Trinity formation..._........................................--..-...-----.. 74

Upper Cretaceous horizons.................... . -. . ..............--......--.--- 76

Bmgen water sands......-.._......_........-.... ................... ------ 76-

Springs---..---.--..-.-.-...-...---- --.. ..--..- ..------... .... 76

Pressure................... ................ . ............... . .. 77

Quality......................... .............. ................... 77

Availability....................................... ........... -... 77

Brownstovvn formation...................................................... 78

Nacatoch sand.............................................................. 78

Springs. .................... ........-.....-.-...---.----------..-- 78

Picbiure. -..-.......-....--.---..---.----------------------------.- 78

Quality..............J............................................. 80

Availability....................................... ................ 81

Eocene horizons.................................... .......... ........... .... 81

Sabine water sands........................................... .......... ... 83

Pie&sure.. .................................x..... .. ............ 83

Quality... ..................... .................................. 83

Availability........................................................ 84

Water-bearing value of Claiborne (lower) formation............. 1............... 84

Cockheld water sands.. ..................................................... 84

Pressure-. ....................................................... 85

Quality... ........................................................ 85

Availability........................................................ 85

Ohgocene horizons.............................................................. 86

Catahoula water bands...................................................... 86

Pressure........................................................... 86

Quality ............................................................ 86

Availability. ........................................................ 86

Waters in the surficia] sands and gravels......... ................................. 86

Latayctte and Port Hudson.................................................. 86

Pressure........................................................... 87

Quality........... ................................................ 87

Mineral springs and mineral \\aters.................... .................................. 87

Hygienic value of deep-well waters. ....^................................................. 89

 . Pine Bluff, Ark..................................................... 89

Ruston, La........................................................ 90

Spring Hill, La..................................................... 90

Zimraerman, La.................................................... 90

Boyce, La......................................................... 90

History of development................................................................. 91

CHAPTER III METHODS AND COST OF WELL MAKING........................................... 93

Methods....................... ....................................................... 93

Driven wells........... ....................................................... 94

Bored wells.................................................................... 94

Arkansas clay auger........................................................ 95
6 CON TENTS.

CHAPTEE III METHODS AND COST OP WELL MAKING Continued Page

Methods Continued

Punched wells.................................................................. 97

Simple drop drill or cable rig..................................................... 97

Automatic sand-pumping outfit.................................................. 99

Jetting process................................................................. 103

Rotary process................................................................. 103

Core drills...........................'.......................................... 105

Finishing a water well........................................................... 107

Cost of deep wells...................................................................... 107

In the Cretaceous strata of southwestern Arkansas.................................. 109

In the Tertiary and Quaternary strata of southern Arkansas......................... 110

In the Tertiary and Quaternary strata of northern Louisiana..-...--........ ..~....... Ill

CHAPTEE IV UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS, BY COUNTIES .................................. 113

Southern Arkan^ab...................................................................... 113

Arkansas County............................................................... 113

Ahhley County................................................................. 113

Bradley County................................................................ 114

Calhoun County................................................................ 115

Chicot County................................i.................................. 115

Clark County............................................ . .... ............ 116

Cleveland County............................................................... 117

Columbia County..................................... -f......................... 118

Dallas County.................................................................. 118

Desha County.....'............................................................. 119

Drew County.................................................................. 119

Grant County.................................................................. 120

Hempstead County............................................................. 120

Hot Spring County.............................................................. 121

Howard County................................................................ 122

Jefferson County............................................................... 122

Lafayette County............................................................... 123

Lincoln County.........::.................................---------............ 123

Little River County............................................................. 124

Miller County.................................................................. 125

Nevada County..........._..._.............................................-.-. 126

Ouachita County. ............................................................... 126

, - PikeCounty.-...-.......----.--.----....'-'.................--..---............. 127

Pulaski County-................................................................ 128

Saline County.................................................................. 128

Sevier County......................................................... .L ....... ] 28

Union County..........................--..-..........---.....------..-.------. 129

Northern Louisiana..................................................................... 130

Avoyelles Parish..........................---..---------.--.---------.-....---.- 130

Bienville Parish................................................................ 130

Bossier Parish............................-.....-.-----....---......-...-------- 131

Caddo Parish.................................................................. 131

Caldwell Pansh................................................................. 133

Catahoula Parish............................................................... 133

Claibome Parish................................................................ 134

Concordia Parish............................................................... 134

De Soto Parish................................................................. 135

East Carroll Parish............................................................. 135

Franklin Parish................................................................ 135

Grant Parish................................................................... 136
CONTENTS. 7

CHAPTER IV UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS, RI COUNTIES Continued. fage 

Northern Louisiana Continued

Jackson Parish.___..._.._.._......,..._....-...,.-............................. 137

Lincoln Parish................................................................. 137

Madison Parish................................................................. 137

Morehouse Parish............................................................... 138

Natchitoches Parish.........................................:................... 138

Ouachita Parish................................................................ 140

Rapides Parish.....-.......-.....---......--......--.-...--....-.-.-.-..-.-.... 140

Red River Parish.. .......................... .^................................. 140

Richland Parish................................................................ 141

Sabme Parish.................................................................. 141

Tensas Parish.................................................................. 142

Union Parish................................................................... 142

Vernon Parish. ............................................................... 143

Webster Parish...... i.......................................................... 143

West Carroll Parish............................................................. 143

Wmn Parish-.................................................................. 144

CHAPTER V DETAILED WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. .................. 1........................ 145

Introduction..--....-....-.-.-.-...--.......---..-.---..-....-......................... 145

Acknowledgments...................................................... 145

Table o£ wells and springs, arranged by counties.. -..---.-.--.-..............-.-........... 146

Arkansas (southern) ....--.._........'-_._..___....__.._._._.__.....___..__.__.__ 146

Louisiana (northern)............................................................ 198

Mississippi (northwestern) ....................................................... 224

Texas(northeastern)............................................................ 228

Descriptive notes. -...-..-.-.--.-...--..-.'-.-.--..-.---................................. 236

CHAPTER VI. DICTIONARY of ALTITUDES ...........'........................................... 327

Introduction........................................................................... 327

Sources of data..................................................................... 327

Abbreviations. -..-.--.-...-..-.-.--....-----..------.--...-........................ 335

Altitudes in southern Arkansas, arranged by counties ....................................... 336

Altitudes m northern Louisiana, arranged by parishes ....................................... 354

INDEX. .................................................................................... 389

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Pjge

PLATE I Salient topographic features of the Gulf Coastal Plain in northern Louisiana and southern

Arkanbas..--....-.-..-.-.-.......-----.----...----.--.-..-.-.------.......... 14

II Maps showing relative positions of land and water areas during the early lower Cretaceous,

early upper Cretaceous, late Cretaceous and early Tertiary, and early Oligocene....... 18

III Preliminary geologic map of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas........... In pocket

IV Characteristic fossils of the Trinity formation m southern Arkansas-.................... 20

V A, Gypsum bed at Plaster Bluff, on Little Missouri River, 3 miles south of Murfieesboro,

Ark , B, Typical landslip bench near Hope, Ark .................................. 20

VI Characteristic fossils of the Goodland limestone...--..-.....-.-........--...-........ 22

VII Characteristic fossils of the Washita group.......................................... 22

VIII Fossil leaves from the Woodbine formation.......................................... 24,

IX Exogyra panderosa Roemer........................................................ 26

X Characteristic fossils of the Brownstown, Annona, Marlbrook, Nacatoch, and Arkadelphia

formations.................................................................... 26

XI Characteristic fossils of the Brownstown, Annona, Marlbrook, Nacatoch, and Arkadelphia

formations.................................................................... 26
O ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page 

PLATE XII A, Chalk bluff at White Cliffs Landing, Ark , B, 0, Outcrop of Nacatoch sand in Nacatoch

' Bluff, Clark County, Ark....................................................... 28

XIII Maps showing characteristic symmetrical circular arrangement of shallow brine wells around

the truncated domes of northern Louisiana....................................... 30

XIV Characteristic fossils of the Eocene epoch.......................................... 32

XV Sketch maps showing area underlain, in whole or in part, by beds containing marine mollusks of the Ripley and the several Eocene epochs, and indicating the portions of the 

area in which the conditions were favorable for the growth of marine faunas .. ...... 32

XVI Characteristic fossils, of the Midway formation...................................... 34

XVII Fossil leaves from the Sabine formation........................................... 34

XVIII Characteristic fossils of the Sabine formation....................................... 34

XIX Characteristic fossils of the Claiborne formation.................................... 36

XX Characteristic fossils of the Jackson formation...................................... 38

XXI Zeuglodun cetoides Owen......................................................... 40

XXII A, Noted fossiliferous Jackson outcrop at Montgomery, La , showing low southward dip of 

Eocene beds, B, Lower falls, Mint Spring Bayeu, Vicksburg, showing bedded limestone 

in the Vicksbutg formation .................................................... 40

XXIII Characteristic fossils, of the Vicksburg formation.................................... 42

XXIV Views of the Catahoula formation A, OnConn League, Jasper County, Tex , B,Near Lena,

La , on the Texas and Pacific Railway ........................................... 42

XXV A, A typical exposure of Lafayette gravel 5 miles east of Prescott, Ark , B, Large quartzitic bowlder in the Lafayette gravel 5 miles east of Prescott, Ark , C, Escarpment on the 

southern edge of the Avoylles Hills a Port Hudson terrace, in Avoyelles Parish, La .. 46

XXVI Natural mounds A,B,On Flat Creek 3 miles south of Teneha, Tex , O, At Prescott, Ark ,

D, In the pine flats near Tarbington, Tex........................................ 54

XXVII A, B, Small sand cone forming over gas and water vent near Teneha, Shelby County, Tex ,

0, Mud cones neai Douglaston, Long Island, N Y................................ 56

XXVIII A, Low circular dunes produced by the lodging of sand or dust about low desert vegetation 

in White Valley, western Utah, B, Goodwin Shoals 01 Kapids on Sabine River near 

Columbus, La................................................................ 58

XXIX A, Steamer Aid removing a portion of the "Great Red River Raft" near Cedar Bluff in 1873,

B, One of the several timber jams composing the "Gieat Red River Raft"...--....-. 60

XXX A, View of Red River near Red Bayou in 1873, showing open water and foot of one of the 

several timber jams which made up the "Great Red Rivei Raft," B,<7,Timbei deadened 

in shallow lakes produced by the raft...... ..................................... 60

XXXI A, B, Views of the main channel of Red River immediately after the removal of the "Great

Raft" in 1873, showing silt accumulated during the raft period..................... 60

XXXII Growth and drainage of the Raft Lakes at the Arkansas-Louisiana State line........... 62

XXXIII Drainage of the Raft Lakes of Bed River Valley in northwestern Louisiana............ 62

XXXIV A, Ferry Lake near Moonngsport, Caddo Parish, La', B, Wave-formed bluff on the south

shore of Feiiy Lake........................................................... 64

XXXV Profile showing recent fault in the Ouachita bottoms near Alabama Landing, La........ 66

XXXVI Principal structural features of the Coastal Plain in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, with some of the important structural features ot adjoining areas............... 68

XXXVII Hydrologic cross sections........................................................ 70

XXXVIII Map of the Nacatoch and Bingen artesian reservoirs in southwestern Arkansas...... In pocket

XXXIX Map showing variations in the head of water in the Nacatoch and upper Bingen sands in

southwestern Arkansas........................................................ 70

XL Map showing variations in head of water in the Sabine sands in northern Louisiana and

southern Arkansas............................................................ 82

XLI Map of Sabine artesian reservoir in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas ..... In pocket.

XLII Map of Cockfield artesian reservoir in northein Louisiana and southern Arkansas.... In pocket.

XLIII. Map of Catahoula artesian reservoir m central Louisiana............................. 86
ILLUSTRATIONS. 9

Tage

PLATE XLIV Map showing areas in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas in which the Port 

Hudson and redeposited Lafayette gravels are of considerable importance as water 

carriers................................................................ In pocket

XLV Well-boring and well-punching tools............................................. 94

XLVI Tools of an Arkansas well-boring outfit.......................................... 96

XLVII A and B, Well-boring outfit of G B Hipp. of Garlandville, Ark..................... 98

XLVIII Cable rig or drop-drill outfit.................................................... 100

XLIX Automatic sand-pumping process ...........................j................... 102

L Jetting process............................................................... 104

LI Rotary process............................................................... 106

Fie 1 The lakes of Red River Valley at their fullest recorded development....................... 15

2 Section near Tishommgu, Ind T , showing disturbed peneplain character of bed-rook surface.. 17

3 Map showing overlap of uppei Cretaceous on lower Cretaceous and of Tertiary on Cretaceous

in Mississippi Valley............................................................... 18

4 Diagram showing relation of upper Cretaceous beds, below the Annona chalk, in the sections at

White Cliffs, Ark , and Clarksville, Tex............................................... 24

5 Cross section at Drakes Salt Works, Louisiana........................................... 29

6 North-south section showing Lafayette and younger gravels passing beneath the clays of the

Port Hudson and supplying artesian wells in southern Louisiana........................ 45

7 Sketch topographic map near Many, Sabme Parish, La......................:............ 49

8 Section near Many, La , showing typical flat-bottomed character of small stream valleys in

northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas ........................................... 50

9 Section from Monticello, Ark, to the Gulf of Mexico, near Abbeville, La , showing relation of 

the Hamburg terrace, Bastrop Hills, Cataboula Prairie, and Avoyelles Hills to the coastal 

prairies........................................................................... 51

10 Change in Ouachita River drainage near Harnsonburg, La................................ 53

11 Diagram illustrating cause of deflection of Ouachita River and formation of Catahoula Shoals

near Harnsonburg, La............................................................. 54

12 African termite hill.................................................................. 58

13 Map showing diversion of Red River below Alexandria, La , and location of the rapids....... 63

14 Sketch map of McClanahan Shoals, Sabme River, between Sabmetown, Tex , and Columbus, La. 64

15 Sketch map of Goodwm Shoals, Sabme River, near Columbus, La.......................... Gl

16 Cross sections illustrating character of a typical rocky shoal on Sabme River................ 65

17 Section of Bunker Hill Bluff, Catahoula Parish, La , showing landslip or "hogback" islands

common along Ouachita River................ ..................................... 66

18 Annual rainfall in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas............................. 71

19 A cross section on Long Island, New York, showing the relation of a perched water table to the

main water table and the production of springs dependent on a perched water table....... 72

20 Expenmental illustration of loss of head by lesistance and leakage......................... 73

21 Diagram showing common arrangement of factors producing aitesian wells.................. 74

22 Diagram showing main water table cut by valleys and the resultant production of springs.... 76

23 Map of region near Prescott, Ark , showing variation in head of water in the Nacatoch sand .. 80

24 Diagram showing water conditions in the lower Eocene strata in 1101 thwestern Louisiana and

southern Arkansas................................................................. 82

25 Method of jumping rock drill in Arkansas well rig....................................... 95

26 A well-shaped self-cleaning or automatic sand-pumping drill.............................. 101

27 A badly shaped self-cleaning drill...................................................... 101

28 Diagram showing natural strainer of coarse material formed about screen by pumping out the

finer sand................................ ....................................... 107

29 Section from Antome to Gurdon, Ark , showing water-bearing horizons..................... 116

30 Wells in the vicinity of Shreveport, Caddo Parish, La.. ................................. 132

31 Curves showing head in deep wells at Alexandria, La , in 1895 and on August G, 1902........ 307

32 Diagram showing effect of pumping in waterworks wells on the water level in the wells at the

city hall and St James and Fourth streets, Alexandria, La , August 6-7, 1902............ 307

33 Top of standard United States Geological Survey bench mark............................. 334
OUTLINE OF PAPER.

An attempt has been made to render each part of this report fairly complete 

within itself. Few people have time to plod patiently through a large volume in 

search of information on a single subject or a limited area. Books for reference 

purposes must partake more or less of the nature of a dictionary, in which the information desired can be quickly found without considering a vast amount of material 

not pertinent to the point or points at issue.

That the reader may more readily pick out the portion or portions suited to 

his particular needs the following brief outline is given v

CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY. This chapter contains a discussion of the geologic history and topographic development It includes a comprehensive statement of the 

manner in which this portion of the Coastal Plain was formed and of the broader 

geologic facts on which the conclusions embodied in the succeeding chapters are 

based A concise statement of the geologic history is given in table facing page 16.

CHAPTER II. GENERAL UNDERGROUND WATER CONDITIONS. This chapter contains a discussion of the fundamental principles governing underground waters and 

of their application to this region. It is designed for the general student and for 

drillers and well owners who care for an idea of the whole field.

CHAPTER III. METHODS AND COST OF WELL MAKING

CHAPTER IV. UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS, BY COUNTIES In this chapter 

are given well predictions and a short discussion of the undeiground conditions in 

each county, so that concise information on any given area may be easily available.

CHAPTER V DETAILED WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. This chapter contains 

data in regard to wells, arranged in tables, by counties, with notes giving sections, etc. 

It is, in fact, an alphabetical arrangement of all the well data collected, in which 

what is known of any given well or the wells in any region may be quickly found.

CHAPTER VI DICTIONARY OF ALTITUDES. This chapter contains a comprehensive dictionary, arranged by counties, and based on the precise levels of the United 

States Engineers, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and United States Geological Survey To this net of precise levels the railroad levels have been connected 

and the corrections determined. Approximate elevations may be read from PI. Ill 

(in pocket). 

10
GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES OF 

NORTHERN LOUISIANA AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS.

By A. C. VEATCH.

INTRODUCTION.

FIELD WOKK.

In the fall of 1902 arrangements were made with the Geological Survey of Louisiana for the writer to prepare a report on the geology and underground water resources 

of northern Louisiana. In the prosecution of this work it was found necessary, in 

order that the questions involved might be more thoroughly understood, to include 

that portion of the Coastal Plain in southern Arkansas southwest of Arkansas River, 

and the portion of northeastern Texas not discussed in Hill's exhaustive report on 

the artesian-water conditions of the Black and Grand prairies a After the Arkansas 

work was well in hand and before the Texas investigation had advanced beyond a 

few preliminary letters the writer was detailed to the Long Island, New York, investigation, which consumed the field and office time from February, 1903, to July, 1904.b 

The present report is thus based on the'field work of the fall and winter of 1902 

and 1903, supplemented by several years' field work with the Geological Survey of 

Louisiana and private work in eastern Texas. It covers southern Arkansas and 

northern Louisiana and small portions of adjacent areas in Mississippi and Texas.

LITERATURE.

The several geological surveys which have investigated portions of this area 

have, almost without exception, collected data regarding springs and wells in connection with their pioneer stratigraphic work. In only four instances have these 

data been published in a form which might be classed as a water report.

Peale, in his "Mineral springs of the United States," carefully compiled the 

references to springs in reports previous to 1886, with some additions from 

correspondence c

Later Branner collected the scattered references of Owen d and the observations and analyses of the Arkansas Geological Survey into a volume entitled "The 

mineral waters of Arkansas " e

a Hill, R. T., Geography and geology oJ the Black and Grand prames, Texas, with detailed descriptions of the Cretaceous formations and special reference to artesian waters Twenty-first Ann Kept U S. Geol Survey, pt 7,1901.

& Pro!. Paper U S.Geol Survey No 44,1906

c Peale, A C., Mineral springs of the United States Bull U S Geol Sflrvey No 32,1886.

<i Owen, D D , First Report qf a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1858, Second Report ol a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860

e Branner, J. C., Ann. Kept Geol Survey Arkansas lor 18*91, vol. 1,1892.

11
12 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

In 1902 Harris published an article entitled "The subterranean waters of 

Louisiana " a This is largely devoted to the waters of southern Louisiana, but 

gives a short description of the northern part of the State. It was republished with 

some additions m 1904 as Water-Supply Paper No 101, United States Geological 

Survey, under the title "Underground Waters of Southern Louisiana."

With' these exceptions the works mentioned in the partial bibliography given 

below are important mainly because of their bearing on the stratigraphy

180O.

OWEN, DAVID DALE Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of the Middle and Southern Co"nties 

of Arkansas Philadelphia, 1860 8° 433 pp and chart

1870.

HOPKINS, F V First annual report of the Louisiana State Geological Survey, 1869: Ann Eept Board of 

Supervisors Louisiana State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy for year ending December 31, 1869. 

New Orleans,, 1870 Pp 77-109

1871.

HOPKINS, F V Second annual report of the Geological Survey of Louisiana to the General Assembly: 

Ann Rept Board of Supervisors Louisiana State University for year ending December 31,1870. New Orleans, 

1871 Pp 35-80, map '

1872.

HOPKINS, F V. Third annual report of the Geological Survey of Louisiana Ann Rept. D. F Boyd, 

supt Louisiana State University, for 1871 New Orleans, 1872 Pp 163-206, map

1873.

HILGAED, EUGENE W Supplementary and Final Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Louisiana 

New Orleans, 1873 44 pp

1888.

HILL, ROBERT T The Mesqzoic geology of southwestern Arkansas Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Arkansas 

for 1888, vol 2 Little Rock, 1888 200 pp , map

1891.

WILLIAMS, J. FEANOIS The igneous rocks of Arkansas, Ann Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1890, 

vol' 2, 1891, 457 pp , 22 pis , 44 figs

189a.

BEANNEE, JOHN C The mineral waters of Arkansas Ann Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1891, vol. 1, 

1892, 144 pp , map 

LEECH, OTTO A preliminary report upon the hills of Louisiana north of the Vicksburg, Shieveport 

and Pacific Railway Bull Louisiana State Experiment Station, Geology and Agriculture, pt 1, [1892], pp. 

1-51, 7 figs

1893.

LEECH, OTTO A preliminary report upon the hills of Louisiana south of the Vicksburg, Shreveport and 

, Pacific Railway to Alexandria Bull Louisiana State Experiment Station, Geology and Agriculture, pt. 2, 

[1893], pp 52-160, 28 figs

18O4.

HAREIS, GILBEET D The Tertiaiy geology of southern Arkansas- Ann. Rept. Geol Survey Arkansas 

for 1892, vol 2, 1894, 207 pp , 7 pis , 34 figs

HILL, ROBEET T Geology of parts of Texas, Indian Territory, and Arkansas adjacent to Ked River. Bull. 

Geol Soc America, vol. 5, 1894, pp. 297-338, pis 12-13

1895.

'VAUGHAN, T WAYLAND. The stratigraphy of northwestern Louisiana. Am. Geol., vol. 25, 1895, pp. 

205-229, Bull U S Geol Survey No 142, 1896, 65 pp , 4 pis

o Harris, G. D , Geol Survey Louisiana, Eept oi 1902 [1902], pp 196-252
LITERATURE. 13

1900.

HARRIS, GILBERT D , and VEATCH, AC A preliminary report on the geology of Louisiana' Geol Survey 

Louisiana, Kept for 1899, [1900], 354 pp , 62 pis , 7 figs

1901.

HILL, ROBERT T Geology and geography of the Black and Grand prairies, Texas, with detailed descriptions of the Cretaceous formations and special reference to artesian waters' Twenty-first Ann Kept U, S. 

Geol Survey, pt 7, 1901, 651 pp , 71 pis , 80 figs

19OS.

HARRIS, GILBERT D , and VEATCH, A C A report on the geology of Louisiana Geol Survey Louisiana, 

Kept, of 1902, [1902], 288 pp , 44 pis , 27 figs

TAFP, JOSEPH A Chalk of southwestern Arkansas Twenty-second Ann Kept U S Geol Survey, pt 3, 

1902, pp 687-742, pis., 47-53, 57-69

19O4. '

HABRIS, GILBEBT D. Underground waters of southern Louisiana Water-Sup and Irr Paper U. S. 

Geol. Survey No. 101, 1904, 98 pp , 11 pis , 15 figs
CHAPTER I.

GEOLOOY.

INTRODUCTION

OUTLINE OF MAJOR FEATURES OF PRESENT TOPOGRAPHY

Topographically northern Louisiana and southern Arkan&as form an* area 

which is divisible into two major provinces, the Ouachita Mountains and the Gulf 

Coastal Plain.

The Ouachita Mountains province is a region of relatively great and rugged 

relief, ranging from 500 to 2,000 feet above sea level and composed of roughly 

parallel ridges separated by deep, flat valleys It is underlain by a much folded, 

steeply inclined, deeply eroded series of Paleozoic sandstones, shales, and limestones, 

and has been developed from the slightly arched surface of an old peneplain by the 

erosion of the softer beds

The Gulf Coastal Plain is an area of low and rounded relief, extending in this 

region from 3 a to 600 feet above sea level (PI III, in pocket). It is underlain by a 

series of relatively soft strata, dipping on the whole gently seaward, in which the 

present topography has been formed entirely by the profound dissection of an old 

plain level The surface of this old plain has now been almost completely destroyed 

(PI. I, C and D), and the region presents two principal topographic divisions 

(1) the hill lands and (2) the flood-plain and terrace areas (PI I, B); the former 

representing the uplands formed of rolling hills, composed largely of the older beds 

of the Coastal Plain, and the latter the lowlands, flat or benchlike in character, 

composed of redepositod sediments of rather recent fluviatile origin

In the flood-plain region three features of very recent origin are to be noted 

(1) the greater depth of Onachita River Valley in southern Arkansas as compared 

with the Mississippi Valley at the same latitude (PI I, C); (2) the shoals and rapids 

which are found in the midst of strips of mature topography on Angelina River near 

its mouth, along Sabine River from Pendleton to Burrs Ferry, particularly near 

Columbus (PL XXVIII, B, figs 14-16), on Red River near Alexandria (fig. 13), 

and on numerous small tributary and distributary channels in the Red River flood 

plain between latitude 32° and 33°, and on Ouachita River at Catahoula Shoals 

(figs. 10, 11), and (3) the lakes which occur or which formerly occurred in the lower 

part of each of the streams tributary to Red River between Alexandria and the

" The elevation of extreme low water in me Mississippi at Bed River Landing, November 14,1895 (Ann Kept Chief of 

Engineers for 1900, pt. 4, 1900, pp 2543-2544). According to the maps of the Mississippi Elver Commission the beds of Hcd, 

Ouachita, and Mississippi rivers and of Bayou Macon and Boeuf and Tensaa rivers often extend to considerable depths 

below sea level. thus the Mississippi at Vicksburg (Klmeston) reaches a depth of 58 feet below sea level, at Fort Adams 112 

feet, and at Miles Landing, 4 miles below the mouth of Bed River, 127 feet.

14
Geologic history of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas.

Geologic subdivisions.

cd

a

CD

<§

ij

OJ

Cretaceous.

 1

Pleistocene.

Plioceno.

ill

Oligocene.

Eocene.fr

Gulf Cretaceous) series (upper .

Comanche se-(lower ries Cretaceous).

i i i »

*" *"* <5 ^

Alluvium.

Port Hudson formation.

Lafayette formati.on.

<, Fleming clay.

Catahoula formation.

Vicksburg formation.

Jackson formation. «

a

 Cockfield mem- o

M

ber of Claiborne. e ^

Claiborne formation. +?

s

Sabine formation. ^

Midway formation.

Arkadelphia clay.

Nacatoeh sand.

Marlbrook formation.

Annona chalk.

Brownstown formation.

, Sub-Clarksville sand.d

c o Eagle Ford clay .<*

a

*j

c a 

pq Woodbine formation.

Wash! ta group.

Goodland limestone.

Trinity formation.

Characteristic activities.

Deposition

Thickness.

Feet. 

0- 20+

0- 25

0- 200

00- 50

±260

1,000-1,200

100- 200

200- 550

400- 500

200- 500

300- 900

20- 2(iO

300- 600

100- 100

150- 750

+ 100

150- 500

50-100 *'

0-000 

40-700+

+500

0- 400

25- 30

500- 000

Character.

Veneer of sand, silt, and clay on flood plains.

Abnormal deposits of silt in Red River Valley resulting from the obstruction by the "great raft."

Formation of natural mounds.

Marine deposits on the coast and fluviatile deposits in the river valleys, 

partly filling the broad valleys developed in the preceding erosion cycle.

Rearrangement of surficial sands and gravels at new levels as erosion 

progressed. ~

A mantle of silt, sand, and gravel spread by combined marine and river 

action over the relatively even surface of the Coastal Plain and in the tributary valleys.

Green calcareous clays, with a few brackish-water fossils.

NeaT-shore deposits; sandstones occasionally quartzitic, and green clays, 

with fresh-water shells and land plants.

Limestones and calcareous, somewhat lignitiferous, clays, containing 

marine shells.

Highly fossiliferous shallow-water marine sandy calcareous clay.

Lignitiferous sands and clays, with land plants.

Fossiliferous sandy clay, containing shallowwater marine shells.

 Lignitiferous sands and clays, with plants 

and occasional beds of marine shells.

Landward these formations merge into lignitiferous sands and clays without 

distinctive ma.rine fossils.

Limestones and black calcareous clays.

Black laminated clays, with marine fossils in lower portions.

Sand, with occasional calcareous quartzitic layers containing marine shells.

Very calcareous clay, with marine fossils.

White chalk.

Blue calcareous clay, with marine fossils.

Water-bearing sand.

Blue calcareous clay.

Lignitiferous sands and clays, with plant 

remains.

Lignitiferous sand and 

clays, with plant remains 

(Bingen formation).

Dark calcareous clays, with clayey limestone beds.

Massive white limestone.

Yellow, somewhat argillaceous pack sands, changing to the cast to calcareous clays, with thin beds of limestone and gypsum.

Degradation.

General degradation of the hill lands. Along Red River in Louisiana the 

resurrection of buried channels and the drainage of lakes produced by the 

"great raft." Onthe Sabine the partial wearing out of shoals produced by 

the recent movement of the Angelina-Caldwell ilexure.

Partial removal of valley fillings and production of present flood plains 

and principal terraces.

Long and complex period of erosion, with the land 100 feet higher than 

to-day, in which the formations of the. Coastal Plain were profoundly dissected and the major features of the present topography produced.

A period of erosion, probably composed of several stages, in which the 

Coastal Plain in this region was essentially' base-leveled.

Beds separated by a pronounced break in the fauna, which is, at present 

the only indication of a very serious break in sedimentation.

The Bingen and Woodbine sands indicate deposits very near shore and 

the fauna changes sharply at this point, but there is no evidence of a pronounced unconformity or a land period of great length.

Deformation.

A slight upward moveinentyit the west end of the Koekland-Vick-sburg 

flexure is producing rapids orrSabine and Angelina rivers.

A recent movement of 25 feet along the line of the Red River-Alabama 

Landing fault has resulted in the swamping of Ouaehita River Valley to a 

point above the mouth of Bayou Moro in Arkansas.

* 

After the main development of the Angelina-Caldwell flexure the beds were 

faulted along a line extending from a point near Denison, Tex., through 

Alabama Landing. Union Parish, La. The downthrow of this fault is to 

the north and the break approximately 600 feet.

The low fold which extends from the vicinity of Angelina County, Tex., 

to a point north of Vicksburg, Miss., and which is now a line of weakness, 

began to develop in late Oligocene or early Miocene time. North of this line 

the older beds are now nearly horizontal; to the south they dip at a rate of 

from 35 to 150 feet per mile.

The domes developed during late Cretaceous and early Eocene time show 

a slight movement in post-Claiborne time, but the amount is very small 

when compared with the initial movements.

The great north-and-south fault of tho Coastal Plain of Texas (the Balcones 

fault) developed late in the Cretaceous. In Louisiana peculiar domes or 

four-sided folds were produced and reached their major development in the 

late Cretaceous or early Eocene. About the same time masses of igneous 

rocks of limited area were intruded into the Paleozoic rooks and Coastal 

Plain beds in southern Arkansas. In central Texas similar occurrences 

took place as early as the Austin epoch. The Louisiana and northeastern 

Texas domes are thought to be due to the upthrust of similar igneous intrusions.

An immensely long period composed of the following principal stages in the order given: (1) Deposition, (2) profound folding and faulting, (3) long erosion, which essentially base-leveled these folds. On this planed-ofl surface the Cretaceous beds were deposited.

a Normal thickness in northern Louisiana, and southern Arkansas not known because of the widespread and irregular deposition. In southern Louisiana these beds are much thicker than here given.

b The Jackson, Claiborne, and Sabine formations, which are fossiliferous and distinct in central Louisiana, grade into lignitiferous beds containing no distinct fcssils as they go northward. In the region urr'er discussion the fossiliferous Jackson limits this lignitiferous complex above. 

Still farther north, however, the Jackson also grows lignitiferous and merges vrith the rest. The Midway, likewise, in the upper embayment region shows a decidedly lignitiferous tendency and may in places merge with the lignitiferous time equivalents cf the other Eocene beds.

c A group without distinctive.marine fossils, probably almost wholly of Claiborne age. '

d These beds do not outcrop in the Arkansas area, except as they may be represented as littoral deposits in the uoper part of the Bingen sand, and therefore need not be considered in wells drilled near the northern edge of the Brownstown formation; but they will be found farther south and 

must there be allowed for in well calculations.

1393 No. 46 06. (To face page 16.)
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER MO. 48 PL, I

The Lockesburg, Saratoga, Sulphur) 

and Kisatchie wolds.

Hill lands. Flood-plain and 

terrace areas.

Areas less than 100 feet 

above gulf level.

Areas more than 400 feet 

above gulf level.

SALIENT TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE GULF COASTAL PLAIN 

IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS.

BY 

A.C.VEATCH.

Scale

50 100 800 300, ml lea
GEOLOGY. 15

Arkansas-Louisiana State line (fig. 1). These lakes are the most important recent 

topographic features of this region, having been formed since the, fifteenth century, 

but now the cause of their formation having passed, they are returning to their 

normal status as tributary streams. Several no longer exist, though still represented 

on maps because of the lack of recent detailed surveys (p. 61).

In the hill lands the general character of the topography is irregular and rolling, 

the hills rising 100 to 200 feet above the flat-bottomed stream channels which extend 

in every direction, but the unequal hardness of the underlying beds has given rise

FIG. 1. The lakes of Red River Valley in Louisiana st their lullest recorded development.

to several transverse ranges of hills, which are more or less persistent for many miles 

and follow the general strike of the formations producing them. Of these the Kisatchie Wold 0 (PI. ~i,A), which is produced by the hard sandstone layers in the Catahoula (Grand Gulf) formation, is perhaps the most important. Others are the 

Sulphur Wold, formed by the sandy beds of the lower Eocene, and the Saratoga 

and Locksburg wolds, by Cretaceous formations. The transverse valley or vale 0 to

"For definition and derivation of the terms wold and vale see Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 44,1906, p. 29. 

1393 No. 46 06 2
16 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

the north of the Sulphur Wold, though not very well marked, has determined the 

location of the Iron Mountain Railway between Little Rock and Texarkana.

Over all the Coastal Plain, except in the steeper hill areas and the most recent 

flood plains, are low, circular, mound-like elevations that are in themselves of minor 

significance, but are relatively important becaus.e of their persistence and wide distribution. They are from 20 to 100 feet in diameter and attain a maximum elevation of 6 feet (PI. XXVI, p. 54). They are particularly abundant in the terrace 

areas, where in wet weather they form low, sandy islands in the midst of a watercovered clay country. Their origin is one of the most interesting and perplexing 

problems of the region. (See p. 55.)

OUTLINE OF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY.

The geologic formations of this area may be classed in three groups (1) the preCretaccous rocks, (2) the Cretaceous, Eocene, and Oligocene beds, and (3) the surficial deposits. The first are composed of highly folded Paleozoic sediments, which 

outcrop on the northwestern side of the area discussed (PI. Ill, pocket) and underlie 

all the Coastal Plain, forming the basement rocks on which the later sediments were 

laid"down (fig. 2, p. 17). The Cretaceous, Eocene, and Oligocene deposits are composed largely of unconsolidated sands, clays, and marls, though limestones and 

sandstones are sometimes encountered. They dip coastward at a very low angle, 

are but slightly disturbed, and succeed one another in regular sequence, so that in 

passing from the coast to the mountains successively older beds are encountered. 

Thus while ascending topographically the traveler descends geologically.

Over this Coastal Plain series and along the coastward edge of the Paleozoic 

rocks is an irregular mantle of gravel, sand, and silt, which is relatively thin in the 

hill areas and thick beneath the larger flood plains and in the region south of the 

Catahoula and Fleming formations.

The table opposite gives a summary of the features that together make up the 

geologic history. , It shows the succession of the strata, the age, name, thickness, 

and character of each formation, and the events of degradation and deformation. 

It is arranged in the order in which the formations were deposited the youngest at 

the top and the oldest at the bottom and should therefore be read from the bottom 

upward.

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY.

PRE-CRETACEOUS.

The beds exposed in the mountain regions of Arkansas and Indian Territory 

represent, for the most part, deposits laid down beneath the sea in periods extending 

back to a very early time in the earth's history. In Indian Territory Tafi has found 

that the deposition was essentially continuous from the Cambrian to the upper 

Carboniferous, and that after a period of erosion, particularly well marked in the 

ArbUckle Mountains, sedimentation was again resumed. In western Indian Territory these beds grade up, without a break, into deposits with Permian and Triassic 

affinities. a

a Hill, E. T., Twenty-first Ann. Eept. U.S. Geol. Survey, pt. 7,1901, pp. 99-101.
MS E-CBETACEOUS. 17

The thickness of the Cambro-Silurian portion of these sediments in Indian 

Territory is estimated at 12,000 feet, a that of the Devonian at 600 feet,6 and that 

of the Carboniferous at 24,500 feet; c the thickness of the latter in Arkansas is 

estimated at 23,780 feet/

The land area from which the material for these immensely thick beds was 

derived lay to the south and southeast, and the relative position of the continental 

and oceanic areas was, therefore, at this time somewhat reversed the ocean 

occupying the greater part of what is now the central and western United States 

and the land the Coastal Plain of the eastern and southern United States and portions of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.

Near the close of the Carboniferous these beds were profoundly folded and 

faulted along the line of what is now the Appalachian Mountains. These folds 

extended across the present Mississippi Valley into Arkansas, Indian Territory, 

and Texas, and formed in this portion of their course a mountain range overlooking a sea that stretched westward and northwestward. The truncated bases of 

these folded and faulted strata show that they once extended many thousands 

of feet, even miles, above their present level (fig. 2)

§ 3

0 «

FIG 2 North-south section near Tishonungo, Ind T , showing in a general way the peneplamed surface and 

the complex, highly disturbed character of the bed rock underlying the Cretaceous and Tertiary deposits of 

the GulJ Coastal Plain (After Taff ) Length 6 5 miles, height 0 0 mile

The wearing away of these thousands and thousands of feet of hard Paleozoic 

rocks required a very long lapse of time; and when it is remembered that the 

extreme height indicated was not reached at one time, but was the result of more 

or less intermittent movements acting through long periods, and that the erosive 

agents did not at any time have the advantage of the extreme gradient which would 

result from so great an elevation, some idea of the length of the Triassic and Jurassic 

eons may be obtained

Whatever were the successive stages of this Triassic and Jurassic dissection, at 

the close of the Jurassic this region showed no very great irregularities, and when 

the land began to tilt gently southward as the result of a new adjustment of the 

earth's surface to the very complex group of factors affecting it, the sea transgressed 

northward over a relatively level plain in which there were no features indicating 

topographically the greatly disturbed and contorted character of the underlying 

rocks (fig. 2).

a Taff, T A .Geologic Atlas U S ,folio 79,U S Geol Surrey, 1902

& Taff, J A , Geologic Atlas U S , folio 98, U S Geol Survey, 1903

c Drake, N F ,Proc Am Philos Soe ,vol 36,1898, p 361, Twenty-first Ann Kept U S Geol Survey, pt 7,1901, p 99.

d Branner, I r , Am Jour Sci, 4th ser , vol 4,1897, p 358
18 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

CRETACEOUS.

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION.

The depression just mentioned marked the beginning of the Cretaceous, and in 

the ocean which then covered this part of North America (PI. II, A) all the deposits 

which are now recognized as the main formations of this portion of the Coastal Plain 

were laid down in Cretaceous and Tertiary time. The alternations of sands, clays,

marls, and limestones 

which now underlie this 

region indicate varying 

depths of ocean water on 

this old sea floor, and show 

that many changes took 

place in the relative elevation of the land and water, 

but the submergence beneath the sea was essentially continuous from 

early Cretaceous to late 

Oligocene time.

The different formations 

recognized in this region 

represent periods of deposition during which the 

conditions were essentially 

the same and certain forms 

of life reached a peculiarly 

characteristic development. The progressive 

changes in the character 

of the animals inhabiting 

these waters make their 

remains the fossil shells 

and bones so common over 

much of the region of 

great value as indicators 

of the time at which the 

particular beds hi which 

they occur were deposited 

and, therefore, the position of these beds in the general series of deposits.

If these fluctuations in the relative elevation of the land and sea had occurred 

entirely in one plane, that is, if the land had been lifted and lowered without the 

shore line of one period cutting that of another, the present outcrops of the deposits 

would have been roughly parallel. Since, however, these movements were irregular 

and there was warping, in a direction not entirely parallel to the first shore line, the

23'

Scale 

100 zoo mile

LEGEND

Quaternary. Tertiarywith Upper Paleozoic. Quaternary covering Cretaceous, 

in flood plains.

FIG. 3. Map showing overlap oi upper Cretaceous on lower Cretaceous and of 

Tertiary on Cretaceous in the Mississippi Valley.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. II

(A) EARLY LOWER CRETACEOUS (B) EARLY UPPER CRETACEOUS

(C) LATE CRETACEOUS ANI> EARLY TERTIARY (D) EARLY OLIGOCENE TERTIARY

BQBHAV A CO.,N,Y.

800_____ 600 H

RELATIVE POSITIONS OF LAND AND WATER AREAS IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES DURING THE CRETACEOUS AND

TERTIARY EPOCHS.

Water, present Gulf of Mexico and all shaded areas; land, unshaded portion of present land.
CKETACEOUS'. 19

new shore line cuts the old one obliquely and the present outcrops are wedge shaped, 

the point of the wedge being in the direction of the depression

This decrease in the area of outciop of formations due to a progressive change in 

the direction of the shore line is well shown in southern Arkansas, where the lowest 

deposits of the Cretaceous, which occur along the base of the mountains, gradually 

taper out toward the east and are succeeded by the upper Cretaceous deposits, which 

are in turn overlapped by the Eocene (fig 3) Apparently the Mississippi enibayment was but an insignificant feature of the shore line in the early Cretaceous (PI II, 

A) and did not attain its maximum development until late Cretaceous and early 

Eocene time (PI II, C) On account of this pivotal location of southwestern 

Arkansas the Cretaceous deposits, except possibly the uppermost, are less fully 

exposed and developed there than in central and eastern Texas. Many of the beds 

are entirely absent, or are so changed in general character that they have not yet 

been definitely recognized and frequent recourse is necessary to the Texas and Indian 

Territory areas for details lacking in this section.

MAJOR DIVISIONS

The major divisions recognized by Hill in the Texas region, together with the 

development in Arkansas and Indian Territory, are given in the following table

Mayor divisions of the Cietacenus in Texas,, Arkansas, and Indian Territory

Texab classification (TTillo)

Series

^

3 

o

£ 

o

1

<E 

g

O

Comanche (lowr Cretaceous) series 

Group

Montana

Col 01 ado

Dakota

Washita

Fredencksburg

Trinity

Formation

Navarro

T ay lor

Austin i

Eagle Ford

Woodbine

Buda

Denison

Fort Worth

Preston

Edwards

Comanche Peak

Walnut

Paluxy

Glen Hose

Travers Peak

Aikansas development

Formation

Arkadelphia 

Nacatoch 

Marlbi ook 

Annona

Biownfatown

Bingen sand d

(Not differentiated )

Goodland limestone

Trinity sand

Indian Territory (Tafl &)

Foimation

Silo sandstone

Benmngton limestone 

Bokchito formation

Caddo limestone

Kiiimictii formation

Goodland limestone

Trinity sand

oHlll.E T , Twenty-first Ann Kept U S Gcol Survey,pt 7, 1001,pp 114-115 

tTaff.J" A , Geologic Atlas U S, folio 79, U S Geol Sur\«v, 1902, folmOb, 1903 

cNot found east of Paris, Tcx

d The Bingen, while the lithological counterpait of the Woodbine, apparently contains littoral equivalents of the 

Austin and Eagle Foul (See p 24 )
20 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEE OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

LOWER CRETACEOUS OR COMANCHE SERIES. 

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION.

The lowest Cretaceous beds represent the near-shore deposits of the sea advancing over the old Jurassic peneplain and are, therefore, sandy and contain vegetable 

remains, as well as brackish-water shells These are succeeded by limestone and 

marls, indicating deeper water, and these in turn are limited above by the great sand 

beds that represent the extreme shallow-water conditions which marked the beginning of the upper Cretaceous

In Arkansas only the lowest of the series, the Trinity sand, is well developed, 

although near the Indian Territory line are good outcrops of the Goodland limestone, 

overlain by a series of marl and limestone beds, which, with the Goodland limestone, 

represent the other two grand divisions of the Comanche series, the Fredencksburg 

and the Washita

TRINITY SAND.

The Trinity sand, the oldest and lowest formation of the Coastal Plain series in 

this region, outcrops in a narrow band 6 to 12 miles wide, which extends westward 

along the base of the Ouachita and Arbuckle mountains from Wolf Creek in Pike 

County, Ark (PI III), into Indian Territory to a point somewhat west of Ardmore, 

where it turns south toward Austin Because of its extensive development about 

the headwaters of Trinity River in Wise, Tarrant, and Parker counties, Tcx , it has 

been called the Trinity sand or Trinity formation

South of Tishomingo and Atoka, in the Choctaw Nation, this formation consists 

of a fine yellowish pack sand, with irregular conglomerate beds at the base, and contains occasional lenticular masses of clays, the whole having an aggregate thickness of 

200 to 400 feet " In this region it contains no fossils except occasional tree trunks, 

thought by Taff to be driftwood. Eastward these beds become more clayey in 

character and in southern Arkansas contain frequent thin layers of yellowish limestone, composed largely of the small oyster Ostreajranklini Coquand (PI IV), together 

with other near-shore or brackish-water forms Occasional thin beds of gypsum; 

like that at the Plaster or Gypsum Bluff on Little Missouri River near Murfreesboro 

(PI V, A), occur, and with the limestone beds indicate that the water obtained in 

the deep wells which penetrate this formation in southern Arkansas will not be of as 

good quality as that obtained farther west, where the sands are relatively purer.

Hill, in 1888, estimated the thickness of this formation in southern Arkansas at 

over 250 feet,* but a well (393) c drilled for Mr D J Sassamen 2 miles north of Ccnterpoint, which reached a depth of-500 feet without striking bed rock, indicates that 

the total thickness is over 600 feet and that the southward slope or dip of the strata 

is here over 100 feet per mile

a Taff, J A , Geologic Atlas U S , folio 79, U S Gcol Survey, 1902, folio 98.1<W3

("Ann Eept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, p 188

c The numhers in parentheses after references to wells correspond to those used in the table of well records in Chapter V
Li. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. iv

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE TRINITY FORMATION IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 

1, 1", I', 1', I'l Ostrea franklini Coquand. 2, 2'. Glauconia brannerl Hill. 3, 3'. Asterte? pikensls Hill.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. V

A. GYPSUM BED AT PLASTER BLUFF, ON LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER, 3 MILES SOUTH OF

MURFREESBORO, ARK.

An outcrop of the Trinity formation. Photograph by J. A. Taff.

B. TYPICAL LANDSLIP BENCH, SIDE OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN, 5 MILES EAST OF HOPE, ARK.
LOWER CRETACEOUS OR COMANCHE SERIES. 21

GOODLAND LIMESTONE.

Above the Trinity formation is a thin bed of chalky limestone 15 to 25 feet 

thick, which, because of its whiteness and firmness, contrasts sharply both with 

the Trinity sand and with the series of marls with thin limestone layers that overlie it. Because of these features it is easily traced from its type locality, 2 miles 

north of Goodland, on the St Louis and San Francisco Railroad, in the Choctaw 

Nation, Indian Territory, both eastward to Cerro Gordo, on Little River, in Arkansas, 

and westward past Oakland and Marietta, in the Chickasaw Nation It is everywhere in this region characterzied by the peculiar fossils shown in PL VI South 

of Red River in Texas it increases gradually in thickness until it reaches a total of 

700 feet on the Rio Grande," where it is composed of two members which are called 

the Comanche Peak and Edwards formations.

WASHITA GROUP.

Above the Goodland limestone, near Cerro Gordo, Ark , is a series of calcareous 

clays, containing thin beds of limestone, and having a total thickness of over 250 

feet.ft These beds have not yet been carefully studied, but Hill's reconnaissance 

in 1888 has shown that they may be regarded as the representatives of the Preston, 

Fort Worth, and Denison formations of the Texas section < and of their equivalents 

in Indian Territory the Kiamichi, Caddo, Bokchito, and Bennmgton formations 

of Taff

This Indian Territory series along the line of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas 

Railway, south of Atoka, in the Choctaw Nation, is characterized by the fossils 

shown in PL VII, and shows the following hthologic units:

Section of the Washita group of the lower Cretaceous in Indian Territory in the southern part of the Atolca quad/angle

(Taff) d

Silo (Woodbine) sandstone

Feet 

4 Bennmgton limestone Blue shell limestone......................... 10-15

3 Bokchito formation Red and-blue clay, with thin ferruginous limestone

bedb and lentils of friable sandstone.............................. 140

2 Caddo limestone Yellow and white limestone, with thin marly beds... 60 

1 Kiamichi formation Blue fnahle clay, with shell limestone beds in

lower portions.. . .......................... ............... ISO

Goodland limestone

Total thickness of Washita division............................. 365

The thickness of the Washita group in a well sunk 1 mile south of Denison, 

Tex., is given by Hill6 as about 400 feet. In the deep wells at Paris, Tex , it is 

between 300 and 400 feet/

a Hill, R T , T wen th-first Ann Kept TJ S Geol Survey,pt 7,1901,p 214

6 Ana Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888,pp 110-111

c See PI III, winch, in so far as it relates to the Cretaceous in Indian Territory and Texas (except the boundary oi the 

Trinity formation), has been compiled from Hill's report on the Black and Grand prairies Twenty-first Ann Kept U S 

Geol Survey, pt 7,1901,pp 216,223,261, pi 66

dGeol Atlas U S,folio 79,U S Geol Survey,1902

'Twenty-first Ann Kept U S Geol Survey, pt 7,1901,pp 018-619

JIbid.p 629
22 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

UPPER CRETACEOUS OR GULF SEEIES. 

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION.

At the close of the lower Cretaceous there was evidently a considerable change 

in the depth of the ocean waters in the Texas and Arkansas areas, since overlying the 

marine deposits of the Wasliita series are sands and clays containing lignite and 

other remains of land plants (PI. VIII) of species very similar indeed to those of 

to-day, whose ancestors they probably were. In many places there is some evidence of slight erosion of the lower beds before these littoral deposits were laid down, 

and some portions of this area may have been dry land for a limited time.

The coast line was much nearer its present position than during the lower Cretaceous (PI. II, p. 18), though the greater part of western North America, with the 

exception of the land along the older mountain chains of the Pacific coast, was one 

vast swampy area but little, if any, above ocean level. As the lowering of the 

land continued, deeper-water deposits succeeded these near-shore ones at first 

dark-colored clays, then marls filled with marine shells, or even chalks, which, 

composed almost entirely of the microscopic remains of minute animals, represent 

deep water, though not abyssal conditions.

As a result of this submergence the low-lying area in western North America 

became a great mediterranean sea which connected the Gulf of Mexico and the 

Arctic Ocean. In the Texas-Arkansas area the depression was at first greatest to 

the southwest, but during the latter part of the Cretaceous the movement was 

reversed and the western region was gradually elevated as area near the Mississippi 

was depressed. This resulted finally in the development of the Mississippi embayment and in the severing of the connection between the Gulf and the interior sea, 

which was thus converted into a series of great inland lakes which persisted through 

much of the Tertiary. Because of this east-west and then west-cast tilting the 

lower portion of the upper Cretaceous, which in central Texas is characterized by 

thick limestone and light-colored marl beds, is in Arkansas and Indian Territory 

composed entirely of near-shore sands with no marine fossils; while the upper 

portions, which in Texas are dark-colored calcareous clays, contain in Arkansas, 

Mississippi, and Alabama a large percentage of chalk and chalk marls.

Above, these beds pass through the limestone and marls of the lowest Eocene 

(Midway) into the lignitifcrous near-shore deposits of the Sabine, which mark not 

only the return of the littoral conditions that initiated the'upper Cretaceous, but 

also the completion of the-cycle of deposition.

MAJOR DIVISIONS.

The upper Cretaceous of Arkansas is thus composed of the following members, 

beginning with the lowest:

1. Sands with bituminous, laminated clays containing leaf impressions (PI. VIII) and lignite beds the 

Bingen formation.

2. Blue calcareous clay with Exogyra ponderosa (PI. IX) the Brownstown formation.

3. White chalk the Annona chalk.

4. Calcareous clay or clayey chalk, with considerable green sand the Marlbrook formation.

5. Indurated sand, with thin calcareous and quartzitic layers locally called "water rocks" (PI. XII, B, C), 

glauconitic in part the Nacatoch sand.

6. Dark calcareous clays, fossiliferous below, which pass upward without a sharp break into the sandy, lignitiferous lower Eocene beds the Arkadelphia clay.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. Vl

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE GOODLAND LIMESTONE.

1, 1 a , I*1 . Exogyra texana Roemer.

2 a, 2 b . Grypheea marccui Hill and Vaughan.

3a, 311 . Pseudodigdema texanum Roemer 

4a, 4h . Enallaster texanus Roemer.
IJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SUftVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. VII

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE WASHITA GROUP.

1,1'. Grypheea navia Hall (Kiamichi formation).

?, 2!L . Grypheea washitaensis Hill (Caddo formation).

3, 3*. Schloenbachia leonensis Conrad (Caddo formation).

4, 4\ 4*1 . Ostrea quadriplicata Shumard i Bokchito formation).

5. 5». Grypheea mucronata Gabb (Bennington limestone).

6. 6a. Exogyra arietina Roemer (Benn- ng;on limestone).
U. 6- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL ^APER NO. 46 £L. vni

FOSSIL LEAVES FROM THE WOODBINE FORMATION.

1 Diospyros steenstrupi? Heer.

2. Lindera venusta Lesq,

3. Diospytos primEeva heer.

4. Andromeda pfaffiana Heer.

5. Cinnamomum heeti Lesq.

6. Salix hayei Lesq.

7. Myrica longa Heer,
UPPER CRETACEOUS OR GULF SERIES. 23

BIMOEH SAND 

CHARACTERIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION

The near-shore character of the Bmgcn sand is in such contrast to the overlying 

and underlying Cretaceous marls and in the outcrop is so similar to the overlying 

sandy surficial deposits of the l<ite Tertiary that in Arkansas it lias heretofore, with 

the exception of a limited outcrop near Morris Ferry, either been confused with the 

surficial deposits or been regarded as an outlier of the Lower Eocene beds, which it 

closely resembles hthologically a

This formation consists of white or brown sands and clays containing some greensand and considerable lignite or hgmtifcrous matter, in which respect it differs from 

the overlying formations It forms, where best developed in Arkansas (PI 'III, in 

pocket), a sandy country with many springs Its most easteily outcrop is on Ouachita 

River just below the mouth of De Roche Creek, where it is represented by a thin bed 

of lignite with accompanying sands b Across Clark County there are many small 

outcrops along the edge of the Paleozoic rocks notably at Big DC Gray Creek (sec. 3, 

T 7 S , R 20 W.), near Hollywood, and at Clear Springs c In Pike County it 

leaves the Paleozoic border (PI III) and is well developed about Bingen, from 

which locality Hill named the formation in 1888,d between Nashville and Centerpoint, around and north of Mineral Springs and north of Ben Lomond

The section at the "Coal Shaft" near Ben Lomond (NW. i SE. i,sec. 32, T. 10 

S,R. 29 W.) is as follows.

Section at "Coal Shaft" neat Ben Lomond, Ark

Feet

1 Hillside, covered..-..-......-..-....-...._.-.._.....-.--__.._....

2 Soft gray and blown, finely laminated sandstone with poor leaf unpresbions._..__._..-....._-..--._._..-__._..-..._.-__.__-._...__.._ 8

3 " Coal" impure sandy lignite of no commeicial value ................ 1 5

4 Irregulaily bedded white sand, with some vegetable matter and thin

plates of iron .............. ........... ....................... 4

Elevation of base of bection is approximately 300 feet above sea level

Half a mile south of tins outcrop the Marlbrook beds, containing many typical 

fossil oysters, show in the hillsides, and these Coal Bluff beds must be regarded as 

very near the top of the Bingen formation The character and thickness of the 

beds between this outcrop and the limited outcrop of greensaiids near Morris Ferry, 

described by Hill, which occur near the base of the Bingen formation, is largely a 

matter of conjecture. They have not yet been completely penetrated with a drill, 

and the outcrops thus far seen are too fragmentary and meager to indicate clearly 

their character Mi' R. W Smith, who has had an extensive experience in drilling 

wells, states (well 386 e) that around Albrook below the "coal bed," which is encountered at the base of the marl, there arc 100 feet of fine porous sandstone. This

a Hill, R T , Ann Kept Gcol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, pp 5G-58, Bull Gen! Soo America, vol 5, 1893, p 

309, pi 12, Twenty-first Ann Kept U S Geol Survey, pt 7, 1901, p 195, fig 21

I"Hay, O P The northern limit of the Mesozoic rocks in Arkansas Ann. Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2, 

1888, p 265

cJblrt , pp 267 269, 272, 274-27'i.

<iAnn Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 188S, vol 2, 188S, pp 56-58

'See Chapter V.
24 UEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OK LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

probably does not represent the entire thickness of the formation, and additional 

water-bearing sands with intercalated clay layers are to be expected below At 

Ben Lomond (well No 717°) below the first water-bearing sandstone, which is 100 

feet thick and stratigraphically below the lignite outcropping at the "Coal Shaft" 

above mentioned, a "blue rock and a white substance, like glass,'' are reported, 

below which water-bearing gravel is encountered The total thickness of the 

formation along the cutcrop in southern Howard County, Ark , is over 500 feet 

(PI. XXXVII, sec F, p. 70)

RELATION TO TEXAS AREA

To the west and south the beds below the Brownstown and Taylor marls thicken 

rapidly, and the various sand beds encountered together in southern Sevier and 

Howard counties, Ark , become greatly separated by layers of clay Thus the 

sand which is encountered in Arkansas immediately below the Brownstown marl,

Annona chalk

Brownstowo clay

Sub-Clarksvifle sand

&gle Fbrd clay

Annona chalk 

Brownstown clay 

Sub-Clarksville sand

-...^en sand and 

sandy clay

Woodbine sand 

and sandy clay

FIG 4 Diagram showing the relation of upper Cretaceous beds, below the Annona chalk, in the sections at White Clifls,

Ark , and Clarksville, Tex

or 200 to 300 feet below the Annona chalk, is reached in wells at Clarksville, Tex., 

(1112, 1114"), 500 feet below the Annona chalk, or at about the base of the Taylor 

formation (fig 4) At this point, however, because of the interposition of the 

Eagle Ford formation a black clay containing some selenite crystals and characterized by species of shells not yet found in the Arkansas region the water-bearing 

bed is 500 feet above the uppermost Woodbine Similarly the pack sand encountered in the Paris, Tex , well b between 60 and 80 feet and apparently at the same 

horizon, is 600 to 700 feet above the top of the Woodbine and 1,100 to 1,300 feet 

above its base The Bingen sand, then, while the lithological counterpart of the 

Woodbine formation, is apparently the time equivalent of all the beds of the lower 

Cretaceous below the Brownstown and Taylor formations, a fact which indicates 

that during the early part of the upper Cretaceous this region was relatively stationary, while the country to the west was subjected to considerable oscillation.

a See Chapter V 6 Twenty-first Ann. Eept U S Geol Survey, pt 7,1901, p 629
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. i

THE CHARACTERISTIC FOSSIL OF THE BROWNSTOWN FORMATION. 

1, 1 a, Exogyra ponderosa Roemer (X 0)-
t. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. X

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE BROWNSTOWN, ANNONA MARLBROOK. NACATOCH, AND ARKADELPHIA FORMATIONS.

1. 1" Gryphsea vesicularis Lamarck. This small form is common in the upper part of the Brownstown forma'Fon, and the species is found in all the formations 

mentioned.

2. 2a. Gryphsea vesicularis. This large form is characteristic, ir Arkansas, of the base of the Saratoga chalk or mid-Marlbrook formation.

3, Pugnellus densatus Conrad. 

4, 4a. Veniella lineata (Shumard).
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER WO. 46 PL. XI

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE BROWNSTOWN, ANNONA, MARLBROOK, NACATOCH, AND ARKADELPHIA FORMATIONS,

1. l a, Ostrea larva Lamarck (Brownstown, Marlbrook, Nacatoch, Arkadelphia 

formations).

2. 2», Exogyra costata Say (Marlbrook, Nacatoch, and Arkadelphia formations).

3, 3a . Ostrea subspatulata Forbes (Nacatoch and Arkadelphia

formations). 

4. Turritella tnlira Conrad,
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XII

-8

o

c;

II

A. BLUFF AT WHITE CLIFFS LANDING, ARK, 

Showing contact be-tween the Annona chalk and -the Brownstown formation. Photograph by J. A. Taff.

13. C. OUTCROPS OF NACATOCH SAND IN NACATOCH BLUFF, CLARK COUNTY, ARK. 

The hard ledges, when encountered in wells, are called "water rocks," because water is commonly found beneath them.

OUTCROPS OF THE BROWNSTOWN, ANNONA, AND NACATOCH FORMATIONS.
UPPER CRETACEOUS OR GULF SERIES. 25

SUB-CLARKSVIIXE SAND

For convenience of reference the sand bed which in the Clarksville and Paris 

wells occurs near the base of the Brownstown (Taylor) formation and which to the 

east is found at the top of the Brngen sand (fig. 4) will be called the sub-Clarksville 

sand, from its typical development in the wells at Clarksville, Tex.

BKOWNSTOWN FORMATION.

The Brownstown formation, into which the Bmgen sand gradually grades, is 

well developed m the southern part of Sevier County, Ark., about Brownstown, 

'from which place it takes its name. It is a blue or gray calcareous clay containing 

many fossil oysters and is characterized by the presence of the large oyster Exogyra 

ponderosa (PI IX), whence it has sometimes been called the Exogyra ponderosa 

marl The soil derived from this formation, when not mixed with surficial deposus, 

is black and waxy, hut the subsoil is yellow, and in most of its outcrops the bed is a 

yellow clay marl. It is limited above by the Anriona chalk and has a total thickness 

of 150 feet in the eastern part of the area and 600 feet in the western

This name was first applied by Hill to marl beds typically developed at Brownstown, Ark , which at that time he thought were above the Annona (White Cliffs) 

chalk " In his report on the geology of part of Texas, Indian Territory, and Arkansas 

adjacent to Red River he used Brownstown to include all the beds between the 

Annona chalk and Washington (Nacatoch) beds. 6 Later, appreciating that the 

beds at Brownstown are below the Annona chalk, he gave them their right stratigraphic position, but included with them the marls winch overlie the Annona 

chalk L The term is now denned to include the blue clay marls between the Bingen 

sand and the Annona chalk.

ANNONA CHALK.

This formation, which was first called the White Cliffs chalk*2 from the bluffs 

and village of that name on Little River, in the northeastern part of Little River 

County, Ark , was renamed the Annona chalk 6 from the town of Annona, Red 

River County, Tex , because it was found that White Cliffs as a formation name had 

been applied by Powell^ to certain Juratrias beds in Utah It consists of white 

chalk, which at White Cliffs has a thickness of over 100 feet, but thins out rapidly 

to the east, disappearing entirely before reaching Okolona, where TafF has found 

only the chalky marl which, at the type locality, underlies it To the west outcrops 

are found at Rocky Comfort and across southern Red River and Lamar counties in 

Texas

o Ann Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2, 1888, pp 86-87

i> Bull Gool Soo America, vo) 5, 1894, p 302, p) 12 »

c Twenty-first Ann. Rept U S Geol Survey, pt 7, 1901, p 340

dHill, R T , Ann. Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, pp 87-89

«Hill, R T, Bull Geol Soc America, vol 5, 1894, p 308, Twenty-first Ann Rept U S Geol Survey.pt 7,1901, p 

340 Hill's spelling Anona has been changed to Annona, the spelling used in the Postal Guide and on Hill's map of the Black 

and Grand pramcs of Texas, 1899 (Twenty-first Ann Rept U S Geol Survey, pt 7, W01, pi 05)

/ Geology of Uiuta Mountains U S Geog and Geol Survey Terr , 1876, pp 41, 51, 151
26 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

The section at White Cliffs Landing (PI. XII, A, p 28) is as follows

Section at White Cliffs Landing, Little River County, Ark «

Feet

1 Massive creamy-white chalk, in beds from 1 to 10 feet thick, separated by thin partings of very

slightly laminated chalk-................................................................ 60

2 Massive, dull bluish-white siliceous chalk, slightly haidei than the pure chalk of 1 This chalk is 

practically without indication of bedding, and because of its hardness it projects in a steep bench 

ovei hanging the lebs chalky and friable beds below......................................... 25

8 Massive, veiy siliceous, dull-blue argillaceous chalk marl This bed contains more than twice as 

much sand and neatly three times as much clay as the overlying bed The rook is very friable 

and \\eatheis in lecesscs beneath the siliceous chalk ......................................... 8

4. Bluish, sandy, chalky mail, containing great numbers of the fossil shell Gryphxa vesicularis var 

Except for the abundant fosqih this rock would be classed with 3, though it is probably slightly 

more sandy-........................................................................... 7

5. Bluish, sandy, chalky marl, gradually increasing in sandmebs from the top downward to the level 

oi the nvei This bed contains Giyph&a vcmulans var , but not in such abundance as 4, also 

many fossils of the laige and heavy oyster Exoyyra ponderosa, as well as others common to the 

uppei Cretaceous marls.................................................................. 35

MABIBROOK FORMATION. It

The Annona chalk is succeeded by a series of blue, chalky, somewhat 

glaucomtic marls, in places impure chulk The most extensive outcrops of 

this formation are along the ridge which extends from Marlbrook, the type locality 

in Ilempstead County, to Saiatoga, in southern Howard County (Fl III, in pocket). 

It forms a stiff black soil in which the skull-shaped oyster Gryphsea vesiculans (PI. 

X) is very abundant About 200 to 300 feet above the base of this formation is a 

very chalky layer 20 to 50 feet thick, which has been called the Saratoga chalk 

marl or the Saratoga formation. 0 Tt is exposed in the Marlbrook-Saratoga region 

at the town of Okolona, where it is called "cistern rock,"at Dobyvillc, and on Little 

and Big Deciper creeks in Clark County It is reported in well borings at Gurdon 

(83), at Texarkana (480), and possibly at Fnerson, La. (871) The thickness is 

120 feet at Gurdon (probably including large amounts of chalky marl not properly 

referable to this horizon), 70 feet at Texarkana, and 25 feet at Fnerson

The thickness of the Marlbrook formation ranges from 750 feet at Texarkana 

(well 480A) to 50 feet or less at Arkadelphia

NACATOCH SAND.

Above the Marlbrook marl is a series of sandy beds which are of vast economic 

importance to a strip of country along the Iron Mountain Railway between Arkadelphia and Texarkana, since they a e the source of the main water supply of 

that region. Like the other sandy beds of the Cretaceous, at the outcrop they are 

distinguished with difficulty from the surficial sands that mantle the region However, the thousands of wells which have been sunk to this horizon (PI. XXXVIII,

nTaff.J A , Twenty-second Ann Rept U S Geol Survey.pt 3, 1902, ]>p 700-707

& Marlbrook chalk marls, Hill (Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, p 188)= Gryphsea vesicularis chalk 

marls, Hill (Ibid , pp 84, 188)=Marlbrook-Columbus chalk marls, Hill (Ibid , p 84) It is probable that the Marlbrook 

formation as here used contains in its upper portion beds which Hill classed \vitli the Washington (NacatocU) grcensand. 

Seep 27

cBranner, J C , Trans Am Inst Min Bug , 1897, pp 42-63, Taff, J A , Twenty-second Ann Rept. U S^GeoI Survey, 

pt <i, 1902, pp 714-723
UPPER CRETACEOUS OB GULF SERIES. 27

in pocket) prove conclusively that the outcrop of this bed produces the belt of 

sandy land which begins on Yellow Creek south'of Saratoga and extends, with 

interruptions of greater or less importance, along the main drainage channels, 

through Washington, De Ann, Garlandville, Nacatoch Bluff, and Keyton, and 

finally reaches Ouachita River at High Bluffs above Arkadelphia

The outcrop at Nacatoch Bluff, on Little Missouri River, in Clark County, is 

one of the most complete exposures occurring 'along this belt and shows the calcareous and quartzitic rocks which, when encountered in wells, are called "water 

rocks" (PI. XII, B, O

Section of Namlnrh Bluff nn Little Hf-iimurt River, Olark Ominiy, Ark

Feet

1 Slope not well exposed, seems to be composed entirely of chert and quaitz giavel-............... 20

2 Ledge of fossihferous arenaceous limestone, containing many large fossil shells Exogyra costata,

Pectunculut sp , and Ostrea i,ub»patidata. .................................................. 1

3 Sand.......................-.-----.----------.--.--.---....--..--.....-.---.............. 10

4 Very impme sandy limestone or calcareous sandstone, with many imperfect fossils................. 0 1

5 Sand..---.---.......-.-.-.-.------.------..-.------..---------.....-.--........ .......... 4

6 Hard fossmferous calcareous sandstone....................................................... 0 5

7. Sand..--...-..-.-.........--..-..-.---..-.....--......-.--......-..--..-............-.... 5

8 Slope on \vhicb landslip masses render positive determination difficult, seems to be composed of sand.. 25 

Level of Little Missouri River

Another exposure near the base of the formation occurs at Keyton. The 

lithological characters of this outcrop are such that, like parts of the Bingen, if it 

were not for the known slope of the rocks and the general structure of the country, 

one would be inclined to refer it to the Eocene, as has indeed been done.

Section uf bluff at ford on Tene Noir Creek, at Keyton, dark County, Ark

Feet

1. Fine white clayey sand, with occasional clay seams and clay pebbles, sand ranges from pure white

to light yellow...............'......................................................... 30-35

2. Laminated black clay, with white sand partings.............................................. 12

Low-water level of creek

In the western part of this region the sands are rather light in color, although 

about Hope they are overlain by a very black sandy layer 3 to 15 feet thick, and 

have an aggregate thickness of about 100-160 feet (wells 244, 321, 322, 332, 356, 444, 

478, 480, 480A) Toward Arkadelphia the sand grows darker and thinner. In 

the well of the Arkadelphia Ice and Fuel Company (27) it appears to extend from 

100 to 160 feet, and is therefore about 60 feet thick '

The beds described by Hill in 1888 as the "Washington greeiisand" or the 

"Washington or High Bluff greensand " a are doubtless very nearly equivalent to 

the Nacatoch sand as used in this report, and this older name would have been 

adopted here, but it was found to be preoccupied by the name "Washington County 

group," used by Stevenson m 1876 * The term " Washington greensand " has never 

been very closely denned, but the writer is inclined to believe that it includes a 

portion of the greensand marls which in the present classification are included in 

the Marlbrook formation, the term "Nacatoch" being restricted to the sandy beds.

aAnn Kept Geol Survey Arkansas lor 1888, vol 2,1888, pp 72-75,188 

b Second Geol Survey Pennsylvania, Eept K,1876,pp 44-56
28 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ARKADELPHIA CLAY.

The dark laminated clays which overlie the Nacatoch sand and form the "blue 

dirt'' of the well drillers along the line of the Iron Mountain Railway from Arkadelphia to Texarkana were named by Hill in 1888 the Arkadelphia shales, from the outcrops at Arkadelphia, Clark County " These beds contain uppermost Cretaceous 

fossils for 100 to 200 feet above the Nacatoch sands, the fossil-bearing beds being 

well developed on Yellow Creek 3 to 4 miles northwest of Fulton, 5 to 6 miles north 

of Hope, north and northwest of Emmet, and at Arkadelphia (See PI III) Thus 

far no fossils have been found in the upper portion of this formation, which extends 

without any apparent break to the Eocene sand beds forming the sandy hills (the 

crest of the Sulphur Wold, PI I, A, p 14) south of the Iron Mountain Railway This 

absence of fossils, together with the fact that the Midway (Eocene) formation, 

though commonly characterized by limestones, contains dark-colored clays, makes 

the exact determination of the top of the Cretaceous in this section particularly 

difficult

In only four of the many w ells which have penetrated the top of this foimation 6 

has any suggestion been found of a basis for division below the lower Eocene sand 

beds. At Uni, La , shell marl is reported in two wells (835, 836) at a point 150 feet 

below the sandy beds of the lower Eocene, and the writer is strongly inclined to 

believe that this shell marl is Midway (Eocene) (PI XXXVI I, sec F, p 70), as is 

likewise the marl reported in the wells at Furrh, La (802), and Waldo, Ark. (141), 

(PI XXXVII, sees. H, 1)

The total thickness of the Arkadelplna clay, excluding the beds which appear' 

to be stratigraphically Eocene, is from 200 to 300 feet at Arkadelphia, 500 feet at 

Lanesburg, 500 to 600 feet at Hope and Spring Hill, and 500 feet at Texarkana 

and Shreveport.

IGNEOUS INTRUSIONS DURING THE UPPER CRETACEOUS.

At a number of points in Arkansas and Texas, near the old shore line of the upper 

Cretaceous sea, limited outcrops of igneous rocks have been found Some of these, 

like the eleolite-syemtes c at Magnet Cove and Hot Springs, Gailand County, Ark., 

are now entirely within the Paleozoic rocks; others as the peridotite dike 1* at Murfreesboro, Ark.,' and the several basaltic and phonohtic intrusions around and west 

of Austin, Tex , e cut the Cretaceous deposits; and still another group, the eleolitesyemtes (Fourche Mountain granite) occurring near Little Rock and Benton, Ark , 

is surrounded by lower Tertiary sediments.0 (PI III, in pocket) No lava flows 

or other effusive materials have been found associated with these igneous rocks, 

which it appears, represent cracks filled with molten matter rather than centers of

volcanic activity 

_

<* Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas lor 1888, vol 2,1888, pp 53-56

6 For example, those about Lanesburg and Verde in southern Nevada County (563, 621, 625), about Hope (321), Spring 

Hill (344-353), and along Red River (196-202, 464), m southern Ilempstead County, at Texarkana (478, 480, 480A), Dixie, 

La (799), Bossier City, La (785), Lake Point, La (788), Shreveport, La (806), and Frierson, La (871)

c \\ illiams, J F , The igneous rocks or Arkansas Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1890, vol 2,1891, pp. 1,2,5.

i Ibid , pp 377-386

e Hill, R T , Eighteenth Ann Bept U S Geol Survey, pt 2, IMS, pp 2W-257.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XIII

LEGEND

Dip aud strike.

(A) BISTINEAU SALT WORKS, WEBSTER PARISH, LA. 

1900.

(B) DRAKE'S SALT WORKS, WINN-NATCHITOCHES PARISH, LA.

1899.

MAPS SHOWING CHARACTERISTIC, SYMMETRICAL,CIRCULAR ARRANGEMENT OF 

SHALLOW BRINE WELLS AROUND THE TRUNCATED DOMES OF NORTHERN 

LOUISIANA.

BIT A. O. VEA1CH

Scale 

0____________"A__________ y, __________%_____ _____imlle
UPPER CRETACEOUS OR GULF SERIES. 29

The exact time at which these' intrusions took place has not been fixed definitely, but Williams is inclined to believe that these in Arkansas occurred near 

the end of the Cretaceous, certainly before the deposition of the Sabine sediments 

In the Texas region Hill has found evidence that some of the intrusions were 

made as early as the deposition of the Austin chalk

DEVELOPMENT OF DOME-LIKE FOLDS INLYING AREAS OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS 

IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA AND EASTERN TEXAS

Other disturbances during the late Cretaceous or very early Eocene resulted in 

the formation of a number of steep domes or four-sided folds (quaquaversalb) on 

the sea bottom in what is now northern Louisiana and eastern Texas (PI XXXVII, 

p 70) Whether the forces producing these unique domes were in any way associated with those producing the intrusions just mentioned it is as yet impossible to 

say, but the irregularity of their distribution, the great symmetry of all the domes 

which have been carefully studied" (PI XIII, fig 5), the difficulty of explaining 

this symmetry by any 

manner of folding not associated with igneous intrusions, and the suggestion 

which this symmetry carries of force applied at one 

point from below, just as a 

sharp-pointed little dome 

might be formed in a sheet 

of dough by pushing up- s- £ ^ H^

Waid With a blunt pencil, FIG j Cross sectional DrakesSa.lt Works, Louisiana, along line B-B, PI X11I,

indicate Similar lynCOUS ~ showing location ol shallow brine wells and symmetrical truncated charudcT of

^ dome

intrusions beneath these

great thicknesses of relatively plastic, recently deposited Cretaceous sediments as

the cause of those domes 6

Whatever their true origin, the sea floor showed, near the close of the Cretaceous, or in the early Tertiary, a series of steep-sided, more or less circular elevations 

These elevations would naturally modify the conditions existing in the portions of 

the sea where they were sufficiently contiguous to materially interrupt the oceanic 

circulation, and it is perhaps to such an interruption by the Texas group of domes 

that the salt deposits of Grand Saline, Tex , aie due

These domes \verc entirely buried by the Eocene sediments, and as the twelve 

which have thus far been found in northern Louisiana and eastern Texas (PI 

XXXVI, p 68) all occur in valleys (Pis. Ill, in pocket; XXXVII, sec F, p 70) 

flanked by hills of Tertiary strata and their exposure is due to more or less accidental 

conditions of erosion, it is quite probable that others will be encountered when the 

country is more thoroughly prospected. This probability introduces a decided 

element of uncertainty into the artesian-well prospects of this region.

a See Veatch, A C The salines ol northern Louisiana. GeoL Survey Louisiana, Rept. ot 1902, pp. 41-100 

6 See footnote p 67.

1393 No 46 06 3
30 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

In determining the amount of deformation represented it is necessary to ascertain with some degree of accuracy the age or stratigraphic position of th§ beds 

exposed in these domes At the Andcrson 0 and Brooks 6 salines in Texas and at 

the Bisteneau, Kings, and Rayburns salt works in Louisiana c fossil shells, such as 

Exoqyra costata, Gryphsea vesicularis, d Ostrea larva, and other forms representing an 

uppermost Cretaceous fauna, have been found in limestone or chalk-marl deposits. 

These beds are the hthologic and paleontologic counterparts of the Marlhrook divi- 

' sion of the Arkansas section, and may be tentatively referred to it If of Marlbrook 

age the displacement to the present top of the dome is 1,100 feet (PI XXXVII, 

sec. D, p 70) The original height of the top of the dome is not known, but the 

present truncated top is 1} miles in diameter (PI XIII), and the removed portion 

must have had a thickness of many hundred feet The known displacement at 

Kings and Raybnrns is about the same, but the total displacement was probably 

somewhat less, as is indicated by the smaller area of their truncated tops

The beds exposed in the Winnfield dome are nonfossiliferous, light-colored, 

porous crystalline limestone in which the cavities are filled with sharp calcite 

crystals Similar porous limestones of great thickness have been encountered in 

wells at Drakes (904, 994) and Cedar Lick, 2 miles south of Winnfield (999), and 

as the structure m all these cases is the same as that at the localities carrying 

Cretaceous fossils, and as the limestones are totally different from any of the Tertiary sediments in this region, they are regarded as Cretaceous deposits which 

have been altered by the pressure and heat produced in forming the domes These 

marbles could not have been formed from any of the beds above the Marlbrook, 

and they are therefore regarded as Marlbrook or older. The deformation represented is therefore in the neighborhood of 2,000 feet (PI. XXXVII, sec. C, p 70).

At Coochie Brake and Drakes, and Prices salt works, very arenaceous limestones 

containing leaf impressions are found in the domed areas. These, if Cretaceous 

and it is difficult to see how they may be Tertiary represent either the Nacatoch 

or the Bmgcn At Drakes the diameter of the truncated dome is about a mile, 

and the observed angle of slope on one side is 45°. This indicates that the strata 

removed may have had a thickness of as much as 2,000 feet and that the total 

deformation may be 3,000 or 4,0'00 feet

The deformation at the Many dome, which is capped with Midway limestone, 

is almost the total thickness of the Sabine in this region, or between 800 and 1,000 

feet.

The greater part of the movements represented in these domes took place in 

late Cretaceous or early Tertiary time, certainly before the deposition of the Sabine 

sediments, which show no signs of deformation of this magnitude However, 

it seems probable that these points have been the loci of slight movements since 

that time, and that the relatively great dip of the Claiborne beds immediately 

surrounding ,the Winnfield dome is due to such a slight movement rather than 

entirely to deposition on a highly inclined surface

a Durable, E T , Second Ann Kept Geol Survey Texas, 1891, pp J04,305 

!>Herndon,J.H., Second Ann Kept Qeol Survey Texas, 1891, p 223 

«Veatch,A.C,Geol Survey Louisiana, Hept of 1902 [1902], pp 73,74,78,86-87

rf The variety which TaD figures as characteristic, in Arkansas of the hase of the Saratoga or mid-Marlbrook formationTwenty-second Ann liept U S Qeol Survey.pt ,1,1902, pis 51,52 (See PI X,2,2a,p 26)
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO, 46 PL. XIV

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE EOCENE EPOCH.

1, J a, 1 V) , 1", Venericardia planicosta Lamarck (Midway, Sabine, Claiborne, 3, 3a. Pseudoliva vetusta Conrad (Midway, Sabine, Clai borne, and Jackson

and Jackson formations). formations).

2, 2a . Volutiltihes petrosus Conrad (Sabine, Claiborne, and Jackson 4, 4a , 4b. Calyplraphorus velatus Conrad (4b shows the young- of this species;

formations). Midway, Sabine, Claiborne, and Jackson formations).

5, 5a. Turritella mortoni Conrad (Midway and Sabine formations).
U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO 46 PL XV

A - Riptey Cretaceous B~ Midway Eocene C-Sabine Eocene

D-Early Ctaiborne Eocene - Late Claiborne (Cocbfield) Eocene F-Jackson Eocene

~ SKETCH MAPS SHOWING AREAS UNDERLAIN, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, BY BEDS CONTAINING MARINE MOELUSKS 

OP THE KI1-LEY CKETACEOUS A^D EOCENE EPOCHS, AND INDICATING THE POSITIONS OF AREAS IN WHICH THE 

CONDITIONS WERE FAVORABLE FOB THE GROWTH OF MARINE FAUNAS. 

BY A C. VBA3.CH

1904
U- S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XVI

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE MIDWAY FORMATION.

1, 1 a, T\ Enclimatoceras ulrichi White. 

2, 2R. Ostrea crenulimarginata Gabb. 

3, 3a, 3b, 3C, 3d, 3*. Ostrea pulaskens.s Harris.

4. Volutilithes limopsis Conrad.

5. Volutilithes rugatus Conrad. 

6, 6a. Flabellum connideum Vaughan.
HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 31 

TERTIARY.

, EOCENE

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION.

The change from the Cretaceous to the Tertiary in this region is much more 

of a paleontologic than a stratigraphic break, many of the genera and all of the 

species of mollusks inhabiting the Cretaceous sea disappeared at the close of the 

Cretaceous, as if by magic, to be replaced by the entirely new fauna which inhabited the Eocene ocean

No stratigraphic break at all commensuiate with the paleontologic break has 

been discovered in this region, and the abrupt change in the animal life is, as Dana 

suggests, 0 perhaps due more to an alteration in the direction and character of 

the ocean currents, with the consequent change m temperature and food supply, 

and to the destructive effects of earthquake waves resulting from the gigantic 

disturbances which produced the Rocky Mountains, than to a time lapse.

Midway epoch Certainly the earliest Eocene deposits, the Midway formation, are sediments indicating depths and distribution of water which are but the 

normal continuation of the Cretaceous conditions (compare A and B, PI. XV), 

to which cycle of deposition (p 22) they seem more properly to belong This 

fact, with the presence of the Midway on the top of two of the domes, at Kings 

and Many, suggests that the domes were formed as late as the beginning of the 

Sabme.

The shore line of this early Eocene ocean was roughly parallel to that of the 

late Cretaceous sea, and the slight deepening of the water which permitted the 

formation of the Midway limestone, together with a slight warping, allowed the 

ocean to advance farther up the Mississippi embayment than before, and made 

possible the deposition of marine fossils m southern Illinois,'' while marine Cretaceous fossils have not been found north of northern Tennessee.0

SaMne epoch The Mississippi embayment at this time was relatively shallow 

and flat bottomed its present depth of perhaps 3,000 feet at Memphis being the 

result of very gradual warping accompanied by a deposition which kept pace 

with the lowering and which extended through the whole Eocene and a slight 

elevation was sufficient to convert it into a great low-lying swamp, or marsh, occasionally submerged by the ocean. The conditions were favorable for the growth 

of shallow-water marine mollusca (PI XV, C!) only as far north as Sabme Parish 

in Louisiana, about 30° north latitude, and m eastern Alabama about the latitude of Meridian, Miss.., and even here there was an alternation of marine nearshore and swampy conditions These deposits constitute the Sabme formation. 

Above these swamps, or out of the shallow-water sea, the domes projected as a 

unique series of % circular hills, and as the progressive subsidence continued they 

were gradually buried beneath the swamp, estuarine; and shallow-water marine

a Manual of Geology, 4th ed , 189o,pp 877-878

&Worthen, Geol Survey Illinois, vol 1,1866, pp 44-46, Loughndge, Geol Survey Kentucky, Kept on Jackson's Purchase 

Region, 1888,pp 41-52, Harris, Geol Survey Louisiana,"Rept o£ 1902 [1002] p 9

<: Loughndge, Geol Survey Kentucky, Kept on Jaekson's Purchase Region, 188S, p 32
32 GEOLOGY AND UNDEEGEOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND AEKANSAS.

deposits, doubtless undergoing in the process more or less erosion from atmospheric agencies and ocean waves.'

Claiborne epoch. A slight depression, or perhaps it would be better to 'say a 

slight excess of the rate of depression over the rate of sedimentation, in eastern 

Texas and along the embayment caused the marine fauna to extend farther 

northward and to reach in the embayment region a point a little north of the thirtythird parallel (PI XV, D). Still farther north, where the water was not deep 

enough, or river sediments prevented the growth of marine forms, the deposition 

of the lignitiferous sands and clays containing no marine fossils, which had begun 

at the close of the Midway, continued A slight elevation, greater in Louisiana 

and Texas than in Alabama, converted the shallow, flat sea bottom oi the early 

portion of the Claiborne epoch into a coastal or estuarine marsh, and in western 

Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas from 200 to 500 feet of lignitiferous clays and - 

sands with no marine fossils were laid down before the gradual oscillation of this 

region or changes in climatic conditions again permitted a northward transgression 

of the marine fauna. This group of sediments is called the Cockfield member of 

the Claiborne

Jackson epoch. Following the Cockfield deposition, conditions were favorable 

for the growth of marine forms to a point somewhat north of Memphis (PI XV, F). 

This, the Jackson epoch, completed the main filling of the embayment area

In the succeeding Oligoccne and Miocene time the shore line retreated gulfward, and there is no evidence that during these ages there was more than a gentle 

curve in the coast line in the region of the old Mississippi embayment (PI. II, D, 

p. 18).

MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE EOCENE,

The Eocene about latitude 31° 30' north is composed of the following major 

paleontologic subdivisions (1) The Midway, characterized by fossihferous limestone, but containing some blue clay, (2) the Sabine, composed" of lignitiferous 

sands and clays, with manne fossils in the seaward or southern portions, (3) the 

Claiborne, composed of very fossihferous calcareous clay in its lower portion and 

lignitiferous sands and clays, with no maiiiie fossils, in its upper (Cockfield member) , and (4) the Jackson, composed of fossiliferous calcareous clays. In the 

upper portion of the embayment all the beds become lignitiferous and lose to a 

greater or less extent their distinctive marine fossils This lignitiferous complex, 

which can be separated only on purely stratigraphic grounds, is discussed and 

mapped in this report as "undifferentiated Eocene" (p. 40).
EOCENE. 33

)

MID WAT FORMATION, a

This formation, which was named by Smith and Johnson'in 1887 from a landing on the \vest side of the Alabama River in Wilcox County, Ala , b and redefined 

by Hams' to include a paleontologic group bounded below by the Cretaceous 

and above by the Nanafalia beds of the Sabme (Ligmtic), has been traced more 

or less intermittently along the southern edge of the Cretaceous outcrops or 

where they are missing, as in the uppermost and western parts of the Mississippi 

embayment, along the Paleozoic rocks from Georgia to Colorado River in Texas 

and perhaps to the Rio Grande

As already indicated, its hthologic characters are more similar to the under- "* 

lying calcareous Cretaceous clays and marls than to the overlying ligmtiferous 

beds of the Sabme Although this formation is composed of irregularly bedded 

dark-colored calcareous clays, with more or less sand, it is generally characterized 

by the absence of the hgmtic material so common in the overlying Sabme forma 

tion and by a bed or beds of impure white limestone 10 to 25 feet thick, which, 

because of its lithologic resemblance, was for a long time correlated with the Cretaceous In common with other beds of the Eocene, it contains Venericardia 

jilamcosta, Pseudohva vetusta, and forms of Calyptrapliorus velatus and TumteUa 

, mortom (PI XIV, p 32) Among other forms which are peculiar to this formation 

and which are, therefore, marks of identification are Enclimotoceras ulricM White, 

Ostrea crenuhmarginata Gabb, Ostrea pulaslcansis Harris, and Volut^hfJlfs limopsis 

Conrad (PI XVI) .<*

In Arkansas the Midway limestone outcrops along the edge of the Paleozoic 

rocks from Bayou Departe, Independence County, to below Rockport, on Ouachita 

River near Malveni, Hot Springs County (PI III, in pocket). It is particularly 

well developed around and south of Little Rock, where the total thickness of the 

beds exposed is not known to be greater than 20 feet Between the outcrops near 

Malvern and southwestern Travis County, Tex , no exposures are known, but from 

the latter point southward to Brazos River the limestone and marls form a narrow 

belt having a maximum width of 13 miles near Wills Point c The total thickness

a Synonymy uf the Midway formation

SMiclway stage,Hams (Bull Am Pal,vol l,1896,pp 11-13)

=llidwayan stage, Dall (Eighteenth Ann Kept U S Geol Survey, 1808, talile opp p 334)

=Basal or Wills, Point clays, Penrose (First Ann Kept Geol Survey Texas, 1893, pp 19-22)

=Midway (or Clayton) + Suearnochee or Black Bluff+Nahepla or Matthews Landing, Smith et al (Bull U S Geol

Survey No 43,1887, p IS, Geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Geol Survey Alabama, 1894, p 2T) 

>Porter Creek group, Safford (Am Jour Sci ,2d ser , vol 37,1864, p 368) 

>Flatwoods clays, Tlilgard (Agriculture and Geology of Mississippi, 1860, pp 110,111, Proe Am Assoe Aclv Sci,

vol 20,1871,p 222, Am Jour Sci,3d ser,vol 2,1871,p 391) 

=Middleton formation, Saflord (Bull Geol Roc America, vol 3,1892, pp 511,512)

NOTE In this and the several synonym tables following, the symbols nsed have the following meanings 

=Equal to in every respect 

 Equal in a general way 

>Less than 

<Greater than 

^Not equal to

6 Bull U S Geol Survey No 43,1887, p 62

"Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1892, vol 2,1894,pp 8,9,22, Bull Am Pal,vol l,1896,pp 11-13 

d For a detailed discussion of the paleontology of the Midway formation see Harris, G D , The Midway stage: Bull. Am. 

Pal,vol 1,1896, pp 117-270

« Kennedy, William, Proc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci for 1891,1896, pp 144-149
34 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

in this section is estimated by Kennedy at 260 feet, ° which is but a little greater 

than that found in this formation in western Alabama by Harris (210 feet). 6 It 

therefore seems probable that the thickness of the Midway beds underlying Louisiana is about 200 feet.

In Louisiana limited outcrops of the Midway have been found in connection 

with two of the domes, Many and Kings (Pis. Ill, in pocket; XXXVI, p. 68), and 

the report of "Nautilus dekayi Morton" (probably Endimotoceras ulrichi White) 

between Hendersons Mills and Albany, in Caddo Parish, c together with the 

irregularity of the section of a well (801) sunk near the mouth of Cottonwood 

Bayou, which obtained brine, suggests that there may be another dome area in 

this region (PI. XXXVII, sec. F, p. 70). None of the fossils have been examined, 

but it seems probable from the structure of the region that the shell marls 

reported in wells at Uni (835, 836) and at Furrh, La. (802), are Midway, as are 

likewise the shells found in the well at Waldo, Ark. (141), (PI. XXXVII, sees. F, 

H, I).

SABINE FORMATION. <l

Overlying the Midway limestones and calcareous clays is a series of dark, 

finely laminated sands and clays containing much vegetable matter, either scattered 

through the mass or accumulated in lignite beds, and occasional layers containing 

marine shells. It commonly differs from the underlying Midway in the presence 

of liguitic material and fossil leaves (PI. XVII) and when containing marine fossils 

(PI. XVIII) is readily distinguished from both the Midway and the overlying 

Claiborne. Toward the coast, where it is overlain by the very calcareous, 

argillaceous, fossiliferous lower Claiborne beds, its upper limit can be fixed with 

exactness, but farther inland, where estuarine and swamp conditions persisted 

until Jackson time, no separation is possible except on a purely stratigraphic basis. 

(See PI. XXXVII, p. 70.)

On the whole, the formation is predominantly sandy, and while the sand beds 

are not so regular or so coarse as some of the beds in the Cretaceous, they are the

a Third Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Texas, 1892, p, 49. 

i) Harris, G. D., null. Am. Pal., vol. 1, T896, p. 145.

cCollins, II. C., Ann. Kept. Chief of Engineers for 1873, vol. 1,1873, pp. 651-654; also House Ex. Doc., 43 Cong., 1st sess., 

vol. 2,pt. 2,1873,pp. 651-004. A careful examination of this locality by the writer failed to confirm this report. Colllns'a 

statement, however, bears so many earmarks of careful observations, faichfully recorded, that the results of this examination 

are not felt to be conclusive > 

d Synonymy of the Sabine formation 1

=Lignitic stage, Harris (Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 47, 1894, p. 304; Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 2, No. 9, 1897). 

=Ctnckasawan stage, Call (not Hilgurd) (Eighteenth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1898, table opp. p. 334). 

<Lignitic, Smith et al (Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. «, 1887, pp. 18, 38; Geol. Survey Alabama, Bull. Nc. 2, 1892, 

p. 47; Geology of Coastal Plain of Alabama, Alabama Geol. Survey, 1894, pp. 147, 198, 488), which includes the 

Midway. 

>MansfleId group, Hilgard (Am Jour. Sci., 2cl ser., vol. 48, 1869, p. 340), which includes all the Sabine formation

except the fossiliferous beds. 

<Mansfleld group, Hopkins (First Ann. Rcpt. Geol. Survey Louisiana, 1809, 1870, pp. 78, 83), which includes the

nonfossiliferous portion of the Sabine and the Claiborne (Cockfleld) 

<Camden series, Hill (Geol. Survey Arkansas, Kept, for 1888, vol. 2, 1888, pp. 49-53), which includes fossiliferous

. Jaekson, the Lagrange, and a portion of the Cretaceous. 

>Lignitic, Kennedy (Third Ann. Reft. Geol. Survey Texas, 1892, p. 00; Proc. Philadelphia Acad. Sei. for 1895, 1896,

p. 92), which includes all the Sabine except the fossiliferous beds. 

<Lagrange group, Safford (Ain. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 37, 1864, pp 309-370; Rept. Memphis Waterworks for 1898),

which includes portions of all the Eocene beds above the Midway.

<Timber belt or Sabine River beds, Penrosc (First Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Texas, 1890, pp. 22-47,117), which in 

eastern Texas included also the lower Claiborne, Cockfleld, and Jaekson.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. xvn

FOSSIL LEAVES FROM-THE SABINE FORMATION.

1. Magnolia hilgardiana Lesquereux.

2. Andromeda eolipnitica Hollick 

3, 3a . Tetranthera prsecursona Lesquereux.

4 Juglans schirnperi Lesquereux.

5. Ulmus tenuinervis Lesquereux.

6. Sapindus angustifolius Lesquereux.
EOOEME. 35

most important water-bearing strata in Louisiana and Arkansas north of the outcrop, of the Catahoula formation (PI III, in pocket) and south of the EoceneCretaceous boundary

In Alabama this formation, which has long been called the Ligmtic, contains 

several fossiliferous horizons that are closely related from a palcoiitologic standpoint, but allow fauiial differences which have led to the recognition of four substages, named as follows, beginning with the lowest (1) Nanafalia, (2) Bells and 

Greggs landings (Tuscahoina), (3) Woods Bluff, and (4) Hatchetigbee. The first 

two aie sometimes collectively called the Bells Landing substage and the second 

two the Bashi substage a No distinctive marine fossils have yet been found in 

the ligmtiferous time equivalents of this formation in Mississippi, Arkansas, and 

the upper embayment region, but along Sabme .River in Louisiana and Texas, in 

the same position relative to the embayment as the Alabama deposits, are developed 

fossiliferous beds showing the same facies Ostrea thirsse (PI XVIII), an oyster 

common in the Nanafaha horizon in Alabama, occurs in abundance at Marthaville, 

La , and the fossils from Pendleton and Sabmetown bluffs on Sabme River, in 

Sabme County, Tex , show very close affinities to the Greggs Landing and Woods 

Bluff horizons of Alabama.'' These beds are limited above by a well-preserved 

and abundant lower Claiborne fauna, and below b'y the Midway (Wills Point) 

fossiliferous clays and limestones

The name Ligmtic formation, derived from the hthologic character of the 

beds, is not in accordance with the rules of geologic nomenclature, and it is therefore 

necessary to give to this formation the name of some locality at or near which the 

beds are typically exposed As the name Chickasaw formation 0 or stage, which 

has been used by Dall as an exact synonym for Ligmtic, is neither stratigraphically 

nor historically appropriate in this sense, and as the name Lagraiige (Safford, 1864) 

has been applied to the ligmtiferous complex above the Midway, and as the doubtful 

definition and the lack of marine fossils at the type localities of the Mansfield group 

(Hilgard, 1873) and Camden formation (Hill, 1888) make them unavailable, the 

name Sabme has been suggested and adopted, from the typical development of the 

formation along Sabme River in Sabme County, Tex , and Sabme Parish, La., and 

from noteworthy exposures at Sabmetown Bluff

a Smith, E A , and Johnson, L C , Bull TJ S Geol Survey No 43,1887, p 18, Smith, E A , Johnson, L C , and Langdon, 

D \V , Geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Geol Survey Alabama, 1894, p 27, nan is, G D , Bull \m Pal , vol 2, 

1897, p 19d

& Harris, G D , Geol Survey Louisiana. Rept for 1899 [1900], pp 6^72, 299-J09, Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept of 1902, pp 

123-125

c This name was suggested by Hilgard as an appropriate equivalent foi his Northern Ligrrtie (which is denned in Geology 

of Mississippi, 1860, pp 110-123, Am Jour Sci. 3d scr , \ol 2,1871,pp 394-396), for theveiy sufficient reason that the "entire 

Northern Lignitie is within the Chickasaw Purchase, and its most characteristic and conspicuous outcrops are on the four 

Cniekasaw bluffs, of which tlip Memphis bluff is the last" (Eighteenth Ann Rept U S Geol Survey, pt 2, 189S pp 344- 

345) Dall, however, assumed that Hllgard's Northern lagmtie was the exact equivalent of the Lignitie donned by paleontologic eiitenain the Alabama section, and so used it 4s a matter of fact the Northern Ligmtic is a ligniliferous complex, 

containing representatives of all the beds between the Midway and the Jackson (seep 40;, and therefore represents the 

swamp and estuarme deposits of the Sabme, Claiborne, and Jackson epochs The strata exposed m the Chickasaw bluff 

the type locality (see PI XXXVII, A, p 70 are stratigraphically either Jackson or the unclei lying Cockfleld, wlnrh is uppermost Claiborne In the whole of the Cluckasaw Purchase (about 20,000 square miles) no locality of the Sabme (Lignitie) 

containing typical marine fossils has been found, and it is nocessaiy to go 100 miles from its border for such a locality It 

therefore appears necessary eithei to use the name Chickasaw formation in the sense m which Hilgard defined it or to 

abandon it.
36 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OB1 LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

The Sabine formation and its equivalent beds in the undift'erentiated Eocene 

underlie the whole of Louisiana, except the limited areas occupied by the outcrops 

of the Cretaceous and Midway domes, and all of Arkansas south and east of the 

Cretaceous and Midway outcrops (PI III, in pocket) Its thickness, as shown by 

carefully constructed sections in which local irregularities are reduced to their 

proper minor importance, ranges from 300 feet in northern Bossier Parish to from 

800 to 900 feet near Natchitoches and on Sabine Kiver (PI XXXVII, p. 70).

CLAIBORNE FORMATION a

i

This formation, which overlies the Sabine, contains the most persistent and 

widely developed marine beds of the Coastal Plain, and is known to extend from 

Maryland to the Kio Grande. Its extremely fossiliferous character early attracted 

attention, and it was from collections from Claiborne Bluff, on Alabama Rivor, 

in Alabama, that the presence of beds of Eocene age in the Gulf States was first 

proved by Conrad 6 He named it the Claiborne formation and, with Lea,r described and figured many of the fossils found in a relatively thin sand bed which 

outcrops in the bluff at Claiborne Landing, Ala Subsequent work has shown 

that this bed, which is generally referred to as the Claiborne sand, is but a very 

local development, paleontologically, of one of the larger divisions of the Eocene. 

It is to this large division that the name Claiborne formation or Claiborne group 

is now applied (See synonymy )

In central Louisiana the Claiborne formation is divisible into a lower fossiliferous member, which has been called the "Lower Claiborne" in this area, and 

an upper hgmtiferous member, called the Cockfield, which contains no marine 

fossils The lower portion is much more calcareous, glaucomtic, and clayey than 

the underlying Sabine beds, and where typically developed contains no ligmtic 

nor hgnitiferous matter, though to the north it changes to hgnitiferous sands and 

clays and merges into the undifferentiated Eocene group Thus, while across 

Sail Augustine and Sabine counties, Tex., and on Sabine River it is extremely

o Synonymy of the Claiboi ne formation

 rlaiborman stage, Ball (Eighteenth Ann Kept U S (Jeol Sm vev pt 2,1898, pp 342-343), except the White Bluff 

beds

 Olaihorne (sund) + Lower Claiborne,Hairis (Am Jour feel ; 3d ser ,vol 47,1894,p 304),except the White Bluff beds 

sClaiborne sand + Ostica selleeformis beds+Lisbon beds+Buhrstone, Hums (Am Joui Sci, 3d ser , vo] 47, 1894,

p 304)

SClaibome (sand) + Btihrstone, Smith and Johnson (Bull TJ S Ceol Survey No 43, 1887, p IS) 

=Claibome proper (including the riaibome sand and Ostrca sellseformis beds) + Buhrstone, Smith, Johnson, and

Laiigdon (Geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Geo] Snivcy Alabama, 1894, pp 27, 122, 124, geologic

map of Alabama, 1894)

>or=Claiborne stage or Claiborne ^roup (siliceous Claiborne+calcareous Claiborne) Hilgaid (Geology of Mississippi, 18W, pp 108, 123-128) 

>Clail)orman, Heilpnn (Proc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci, 1882, p 184, Contubutions to Tertiary geology and

paleontologj of the United States, Philadelphia, 1884, p 3(1), which is exactly equivalent to Claihorne sand 

<Lo\\or Claiboine, Kennedy (Pioc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci for 1805, 1896, p 92), which includes portions of

Jackson und basal Oligocene beds 

<and^Cooks Mountain beds+Mount Selman beds (Marine deposits or Marine beds), Kennedy (Third Ann Kept

Geol Survey Texas, 1802, p 45, Bull U S Gcol Survey No 212, pi 2, 1903), which include also the poition of

the Sabine which eontams marine fossils

= Lower Claiborne+Cockfield Ferry beds, Vaughim (Bull U S Geol Survey No 142, 189(>, p 21) 

=Lower Claiboine, Harris and Veatch (Geol Survey Louisiana, llept for 1899 [1000], pp 7J-80, geologic map)

 Lower Claiborne+Cockfleld, Harris (Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902 [1002], pp 17-21) 

t Com .id, T A , Eocene fossils of the Claiborne, with obseivationb on this foimation in the United States Fossil

Shells oJ the Teitiary Formation of North America, vol 1, No 3,1835, pp 2S)-J6 (Poc Harris's rcpublication of Conrad's

Fossil Shells, 189J, pp 75-84)

c Lea, Isaac, Tertiary formation of Alabama Contributions to Geology, Philadelphia, 1833, pp 9-209 pis 1-0
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. xvin

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE SABINE FORMATION.

1. Ostrea compresserostra Say. 

2, 2-s 2*>. Ostrea thirsae Gabb

3. Volutihthes petrosus var toumeyi Conrad.

4: 4\ Calyptraphorus tnnodiferus Conrad.

5. 5'. Eupsammia elaborata (Conrad).

6. 6a. Balanophyllia haleana (M. Ed. and H.).
EOOEWE. 87

calcareous and fossiliferous and is shaiply limited both above and below by the 

ligmtiferous beds of the Cockfield and the Sabme, and while it maintains this 

calcareous, fossihfcrous character northward in Louisiana to about the Vicksburg, 

Shrsveport and Pacific Railway (PI Til, in pocket), yet north of that line the 

beds are pronouncedly ligmtiferous in character. A few small, pooily preserved 

Claiborne fossils have been lound in northern Bossier Parish, 0 and stratigraphic 

relations suggest that the fossils found in the wells at Buckner, Ark (134), and 

Dubach, La (889), and at Walnut Bluff, below Camden, on Ouachita River, 6 are 

also Claiborne, but the general character of the beds in this region indicates neaishore or swamp conditions very different from the deepei water conditions farther 

south

In Louisiana and Texas the commonest and most readily recognized fossils 

of this formation are Ostrea, sellseformis and Anoima ephippoides The oysters are 

particularly abundant, often forming "oyster prairies," which are bald spots cohered with oysters These shells, together with some of the other common and 

characteristic forms, are shown in PI. XIX.

The thickness of this lower fossiliferous portion of the Claiborne formation 

is 250 to 300 feet m the region about Monroe, but increases to over 500 feet at 

Winnfield On Sabme River the thickness, calculated from dip observations, is 

550 feet," and the section of a well recently put down near Robinsons Forry, Texas 

(1120), which obtained fossils at a depth of 1,250 feet, that Dr W H Dall regards 

as Claiborne, indicates that it is as much as 700 feet

COCKFIELD MEMBEK OF THE CLAIBORNE <?

The ligmtiferous sands and clays which occur in central Louisiana between the 

marine portions of the Claiborne and Jackson formations are extremely similar in 

hthologic character to the Sabine beds, and were at first confused with them They 

contain no marine mollusks and are characterized by thin, impure lignite beds and 

clays, often containing plant remains in an excellent state of preservation They 

are identical in appearance with the lignitiferous complex to the north (undifferenoHarris, G B , Ann Kept Geol Survey Aikansas for 1S02, vol 2, 1894, pp 178-180 

& Ibid , pp 141-142

c Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 120 

, d Synonymy of the Cockfield inombei

-= Upper Lignitic beds, Lerch (Preliminary report on the hills of Louisiana south of the Vicksburg, Shrevepoit and

Pacific Hallway to Alexandria, 1893 pp 82-85)

=Coeksfield Ferry beds, Vaughan (Am Geol, vol 15,1895,p 220, Bull U S Oi-nl SuiveyNo 142,189h,p 21; 

< Lower Claiborne, Harris and Vpatch (Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1899 [1900], pp 80-82), which includes also

the lossiliferous portion of the Claiborne in Louisiana 

=COGksfteldbeds,naiiis(Geol Survey Louisiana, Hept of 1902 [1902], p 21 

=Cocksfleld Ferry 1 eds or Coeksfield, Veatch (Geol Survey Lomsjima.Hept 011902, pp 120,130-131, HI, 158,100-163)

 ' Yggua, Dumlile (Heport on Brown Coal, Geol Survey Texas, 1892, pp 148-154, Science, new ser , vol 10,190'2, pp

670-671) 

<Yegua clays, Kennedy (Proe Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci ,vol 47, 1895, p 92), which includes part of the fossihfci ous marine Tackson 

<Lufkm or Angelina County beds, Kennedy (Third Ann Kept Geol Survey Texas, 1892, pp 45 58-60) which

includes part of the fossiliferous maime Jackson 

<Mansfield group, Tlopkms (First Ann Kept Geol Survey Louisiana, 1869,1870, pp 78-83), which includes the unfossiliferous Sabinc 

<Northern Lignitic, Ililgard (Geology of Mississippi, 1860, pp 110-123, Am Jour Sci, 3d ser , vol 2, 1871, pp 394-

396), which includes also lignitiferous portions of the Sabme and lower Claiborne
38 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

tiatcd Eocene) of which they form a part, and can be definitely differentiated only 

when fixed between fossiliferous Claiborne and Jackson beds or by structural data.

They were first definitely separated from the other Eocene nonmarine strata by 

Lerch, who called them the upper Lignitic in distinction from the lower Lignitic 

(Sabine) which occurred below the lower Claiborne fo mation. Later Vaughan 

found these beds typically exposed at Cockficld Ferry, 0 on Red River, halfway 

between the very fossiliferous Claiborne beds at St. Maurice and the Jackson beds 

at Montgomery, and named them the "Cocksfield Ferry beds."

At Jackson, Miss., the Cockfield beds have a thickness of about 400 feet. 6 In 

Louisiana the thickness ranges from 400 to 500 feet. (See PI. XXXVII, p. 70.)

The sandy, near-shore character of these beds makes them of greater importance 

as water carriers than the Claiborne and Jackson. In central Louisiana they commonly contain great amounts of soluble salts and the water is generally not so good 

as that from the Sabine. In Arkansas and Mississippi a sand bed at about the 

same stratigraphic position as the basal Cockfield water horizon yields good potable 

water (p. 85).

Regarding the relation of the Cockfield to the Jackson and Claiborne time 

divisions the data at hand, as has been pointed out by Vaughan,'' indicate that they 

are late Claiborne rather than early Jackson. . In central Louisiana they are limited 

below, at St. Maurice, by fossils which belong low in the Claiborne, and above, at 

Montgomery, by fossils which, while not basal Jackson, are low in the Jackson; 

and while the Cockfield may contain a small amount of the Jackson, it is to be 

regarded as'almost wholly of Claiborne age. In southern Arkansas, where basal 

Jackson fossils are developed, the Cockfield is clearly of Claiborne age. In central 

Texas, as pointed out by Durable/2 the Yegua of Dumble (not Kennedy) presents 

many points of resemblance to the Cockfield, and is here clearly a portion of the 

Claiborne. .

" This was spelled by Vaughan " Cocksfield Ferry." The maps of the Red Kiver Survey (MS. sheet No. 37, Red River 

Survey, U. S. Engrs., 1889-1890, scale 1: 10,000) gave two plantations at this point belonging to "A. P. Cockfield " and "W.J. 

Cockfleld." The ferry name should naturally te spelled in the same way as the name of the owners. The section at 

"Cocksfield Ferry," published by Vaughan (Am. Geol., vol. 15, 1895, pi. 9; Bull. U. S. Gcol. Survey No. 142,1890, pi. 1), is 

really a section of Petite Ecore, or, as it has been improperly anglicized, " Petite Ecore Bluff."

' Based on well section givon in Geology and Agriculture of Mississippi, I860., p. 191.

cBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 142,1896, p. 22.

d Science, new ser., vol. 16, 1902, pp. 670-671.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XIX

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE CLAIBORNE FORMATION

1. 1 a. Ostrea sellseformis Comad.

2. 2a. Anomia ephippoides Gabb.

3. Aica vaughani Casey,

4. P^rsonella sepdentata Gabb. 

§; Mesalia claibornensis Conrad.

6. Cornulina arrnigera Conrad.

7. 7^, 7"1 . Belosepia ungula Gabb.

8. 8«, 8'1 . Paracyathus alternatus Vaughan.

9. 9*, 9b Paracyathus bellus Vaughan, 

tO, 1O, IO'J, 1CK Discotrochus orbignianus M, Edw, and H.
U. fi. GEOLOGICAL <!URVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XX

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE JACKSON FORMATION.

1, 1 a. Umbrella planulata Conrad. 4. Mitra rnillirgtoni Conrad.

2. Haminea grandis Aldnch 5. 5a. Levifusus brannen" Harris ^.

3. Conorbis alatoides Aldrich. 6, 6", 611 . Aldrichiella elegans Vaughan. 

7, 7a, 7'1 . Trochocyathus lunulitiformis var. montgomenensis Vaughan.
EOCENE. 39 

JACKSON FORMATION."

The Jackson group was named by Conrad 6 in 1856, from Jackson, the capital of 

Mississippi, where the beds are tj7pically exposed. It consists of a series of fobsihferous, somewhat gypseous, calcareous clays which have been traced from eastern 

Alabama to eastern Texas It extends farther up the Mississippi embayinent than 

any other of the Tertiary beds containing marine fossils except the Midway 

(PI. XV, p. 32), having been found in wells at Hays Landing, La. (872), near 

Arkansas City, Ark. (144), and at Helena, Ark (644) It is exposed at Crowleys 

Ridge, west of Memphis, and, sonth of Arkansas River in Arkansas, extends from 

near Little Rock to Hamburg (See Pis III, in pocket, and XXXVII, sec. A, p. 70 ) 

At Crowleys Ridge it shows a marked tendency to change into hgnitiferous clays 

a tendency which is quite like that of the Claiborne and the Sabine farther south.

In this region it is the most fossiliferous marine bed of the Eocene, with the 

possible exception of the Claiborne in Louismna and the Midway in Arkansas, from 

both of which it may be distinguished by its characteristic fossils (Pis XX, XXI) 

and stratigraphic position. One of the noted outcrops in Louisiana is shown in 

PI XXII, A (p 40)

a- Synonymy of the Jackson formation

sJacksoman stage, Dall (Eighteenth Ann Kept U S Geol Survev p1 2,1898 p 342

=Jackson stage, TTams and Veatch (Geol Survey Louisiana Kept foi 1899 [1000] pp 89-93, Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of M02, pp 22-23, 131-132, 141, 158, 164-167)

<Jackson group, Ilopkins (decond Ann Kept Geol Survey Louisiana, 1871, pp 7-15, map), which includes the 

Sabine, Cockfield, lowot Claiborne, and a part of the Jackson, the remainder of the Jackson is included in his 

Vicksuurg group

<White limestone, Johnson (Kepoiton the iron region of northern Louisiana and eastern Texas, House Ex Doc , 

50th Cong 1st sess , No 195, 1888, map, pp 14-15), which includes lower Olaiborne (m part), Cockfield, Jackson, and Vickf,burg (?)

<Yeguaclays, Kennedy (Proc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci,vol 47,1895, p 92), which includes the (Jockfield

s^Yegua, Dumble (Report en Brown Coal, Geol Survey Texas, 1892, pp 148-154, Science, new set , vol 16,1902, pp 

070, 071), which is legarded as a portion of the Claibome

<Whitp limestone, Smith (Geology of the Coastal Plum ol Alabama, Geol Survey AUbaina, 1894, pp 107,232,370,492, 

495, see also Cascy, Proc Philadelphia Vcad Nat Sci foi 1901,1901, pp 513-518)

<Fayette sands, Kennedy (Proe PUiladelphia, Acad Nat Sci foi 1895,189b,pp 92,9£-99, Bull O S Geol SmveyNo 

212, 1903, p 20, pi 2) These, as defined by Kennedy, aie largely Catahoula (Grand Gulf), but include, near 

the base, Tackson fossils (See Hams, Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 25, Veatch, ibid , p 133)

<Vicksburg, Hilgaid (Am Jour Sci, 2d ser , vn\ 48, 1869, pp 340-341, Supplement and Final Repott of a Geological .Reconnaissance of Louisiana, New Orleans, 1873, pp 18-19),which includes all the Tackson and Claiborne 

neds m Louisiana along Sabine Rivei' and a numl er of Jac kson localities in eastern Louisiana

T^Jackson group, Lerch (Thehills of Louisiana south of the Vioksburg, Shre\eport and Pacific Railwav [1893[ pp

88-91), which includes only a portion of the lower Clyiborne 

& Conrad, T. A , Proc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci, vol 7,1856, p 257
40 GEOLOGY AND UNDEKGROCTNT) WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

TJNDHTEEENTIATED EOCENE a,

The Eocene beds, which in central Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama are 

fossiliferous, all become lignitiferous in the upper portion of the embayment The 

marine fossils of the Sabine, lower Claiborne, and Jackson epochs each extend 

farther northward than those of the preceding epochs (PI XV, p 32), but in each 

case the beds bearing marine fossils grade into lignitiferous clays and sands containing no distinctive marine fossils

The first name given to this lignitiferous group, which can not be separated 

except on structural grounds, was the Lagrange This included all the Eocene 

beds in Tennessee above the Midway, and was afterwards quite logically extended 

by its author, Prof J M. Safford, State geologist of Tennessee, to include the hgmtiferous sands and clays of Crowleys Ridge, 5 which are of lower Jackson age and 

are the stratigraphic equivalents of the beds in the upper Chickasaw Bluffs This 

formation grows more sandy to the north, where at Memphis essentially continuous 

sand beds 800 feet thick have been penetrated.0

OLICOCEJSTE.

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION.

;

The change from the Eocene to the Oligocene in this area is, like the change 

from the Cretaceous to the Eocene, much more a paleontologic than a stratigraphic 

break, and while beds of lignitiferous strata separate the Jackson from the basal 

Oligocene or Vicksburg beds, they are of no greater importance as an indication of 

a time break than half a dozen beds within the Eocene No pronounced unconformity or discordance of the strata has been observed However, such characteristic and abundant Eocene forms as Venencardia , Pseudohva, Volutilithes, and 

Calyptraphorus (PI XTV, p 32) abruptly terminate in the Jackson, and are replaced 

in the basal Oligocene by a distinctly different fauna Of the 122 species known 

in the basal Oligocene,, but 10 are found in the Claibttoie and Jackson d

The lowest Oligocene beds in the Mississippi Valley, like the basal Eocene, are 

lithologically more like the topmost beds of the preceding series than the succeeding 

beds of the larger time division which they initiate. They represent conditions of

" Synonymy of the undiffcrcntiated Eocene

 Northern hgmtic, Hilgard (Geology of Mississippi, 1800 pp 110-123, Am Tour Sci , 3d sor , vol 2, 1S71, pp 394- 

390), except tlio Flatwoods da}-!, which are Midway

SLagrange, including Bluff lignite, Safford (Am Jour Sri , 2d ser , vol 37, 1804. pp .169-370)

SLdgrange + Bluff lignite. Saflord (Geology of Tennessee, 1869, pp 424-428)

SLdgrange, Safford (Agricultural and Geological Map of Tennessee, 1S74, Taintor Brotheis, New York, publishers).

SLagrange, Safford (Agricultural and Geological Map of Tennessee, Tavel, Kastman & Howell, Nashville, Tenn,, 

1875)

SLugrange, Safford and Killebrcw (Elementary Geology of Tennessee, Nablmlle, 1876, pp 105-166).

SLagrange, Safford (Agricultural and Geological Map of Tenneshee, 1S88, 1890. 1899)

SLagrange SaflFord (Kept Memphis Water \\ orks, 1898, p 16)

SLagrange, Safford (Elements of the Geology of Tennessee, Nashville, 1900, pp 104, 100-10])

<Camden series, Hill (Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, pp 188-189), which includes the Jackson and a portion of the Cretaceous

-(') or >Caraden beds, Hill (Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, pp 188-189)

>Chickasawan stage, Dall (Eighteenth Ann Kept U S Geol Survey, pt 2, 189S, pp JJ4-.145). which is restricted

to the Ligmtic (Harris, 18911 or Sabine formation

6 In report of John Lundie " On Waterworks System of Memphis, Tenn , 1898 p lb

" Safford, T M , Bulletin State Board of Health, vol 5, pt 7, Feb 20,1890, pp 98-106, Ann. Kept Geol Survey Arkansas 

for 1889, vol 2, 1891, pp 28-29

* Dall, W H , Trans Wagner Free Inst Soi . vol 3, pt 6, 190J, p 1553
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXI

1. Skull restored from specimens collected by Charles Schuchert in Alabama. Length 47,5 inches. The name Zeuglodon (yoke tooth) is taken 

from the shape of the molar teeth. Original in United States National Museum.

2. Water-worn vertebra of tne type commonly found in the 

Jackson strata. Length 1 3 inches.

3. More perfect vertebra, showing processes. Length 14.75 

inches.

ZEUGLODON IBASILOSAURUS) CETOIDES OWEN.

A COMMON AND CHARACTERISTIC JACKSON EOCENE WHALE-LIKE MAMMAL.
V. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXII

A. NOTED FOSSIL1FEROUS JACKSON OUTCROP AT MONTGOMERY, LA.

Showing low southward dip of the Eocene beds. This locality is in the "steeply" dipping portion of the Caldwell-Angelina flexure and indicates 

the very low character of that structural feature. Photograph by G. D. Harris.

B. LOWER FALLS, MINT SPRING BAYOU, VICKSBURG, MISS.

Showing bedded limestone in the Vicksburg formation. Note unconsolidated shell marl above and below the limestone. Photograph by

G. D. Harris.

NOTED OUTCROPS OF THE JACKSON AND VICKSBURG FORMATIONS.
OLIGOCENE. 41

deposition and distribution of ocean water which are but the continuation of those 

of the previous period, while the succeeding beds are indicative of more or less radical 

changes. The basal Oligocene beds, the Vicksburg formation, are overlain by 

near-shore deposits consisting of coarse sandstones mterstratified with greenishgray clays very different from the underlying calcareous and lignitiferous strata 

and entirely devoid of marine remains, though containing land plants and freshwater shells. This group of beds, which is called the Catahoula formation, is in 

turn overlain by greenish calcareous clays, containing a very few brackish-water 

shells and called the Fleming formation Indeed, if physical rather than biological 

changes were made the basis of the broader geologic divisions, the dividing lines 

between the Cietaeeous and Eocene and the Eocene and Oligocene in this region 

would be drawn above the base of the deposits of these larger time units

During the Eocene the Mississippi embayment was almost, if not completely, 

filled, and in the Oligocene, except possibly in early Vicksburg time, the coast line 

was a simple broad curve reaching from eastern Georgia to Mexico with no pronounced indentations (PI. II, D, p 18)

VICKSBTJEG FORMATION a

The Vicksburg formation, which was named by Conrad in 1846 6 from its very 

fossiliferous exposure in the bluffs at Vicksburg, Miss (PI XXII, B), where it has a 

total thickness of 120 feet,0 is the hthological counterpart of the underlying Jackson, 

from which it can be distinguished by the absence of such characteristic and aduiidant Eocene fossils as those shown in PI XIV (p 32) Characteristic Vicksburg fossils are shown in PI XXIII. The known extent of the typical Vicksburg is very 

limited West of Mississippi River it has been definitely proved to occur only in 

a limited region in northern Catahoula Parish, La d (PI III, in pocket), though it may 

extend westward to the vicinity of Little River. To the east certain beds in eastern 

Mississippi and Alabama, particularly the great Orbitoidal limestone of the Florida 

peninsula, have been correlated with this formation, but the recent work of Ball 6 

renders this correlation somewhat doubtful, and Casey has suggested that the true 

Vicksburg beds represent but a local development in a remnant of the old Mississippi 

embayment f

a Synonymy of the Vicksbuig formation

sVicksburg, Ball (Trans Wagner Free Inst Sci , vol 3, pt 6, 1903, p 1553;

/Vicksburg, Ililgaid (Am Jour Sci ,2d ser ,vol 48, 1889, pp 340-341, Supplemental and Final Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Louisiana, New Orleans, 1873, pp 18-19) AH the localities at which Hilgard reported

Vicksburg in Louisiana have proved to be Claiborne or iackson 

<Vicksburg group, Hopkins (First Ann Kept Geol Survey Louisiana, 18(>9, 1870, pp 94-98, Second Ann Rept

Geol Survey Louisiana, 1870, 1871, pp 15-18) Includes portions of the Claiborne and Jackson 

^White limestone, Johnson [Iron Region of Northern Louisiana and Eastern Texas, 1888, pp 14-lb) As described,

this includes only Jackson and Claiborne fossils 

<St

a e ie imesones conain any rue icsurg roc ia 

b Conrad, T A , Proc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci , vol 3, 184b, pp 280-281 

c Hilgard, E \V , Am Jour Sci , 3d scr , vol 2, 1871, map facing p 391

, 

Geol Survey No 142, 1S9G, p 52)

e Dall,^ II , Trans Wagnei Free Inst Sci , vol 3, pt 6, 1903, p 1553

/ (-'asey, T L , On the probable age of the Alabama White limestone, Proc Philadelphia Acad Nat Sci for 1901, pp.

513-518 51

1393 No 46 06
42 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

CATAHOULA FORMATION, a

Overlying the fossiliferous Vicksburg clays and limestones is a series of sandstones and greenish clays which are generally quite different, lithologically, from any 

of the older beds of the Tertiary series in Louisiana and Arkansas The sandstones 

which are the characteristic feature of this formation range in thickness from a few 

inches to 50 or 60 feet (PI. XXIV, wells 859, 938, 939), and thicknesses of as much as 

140 feet (well 855) hare been reported * These sand beds are often cemented by 

silica into very hard quartzites, but such occurrences are essentially local, and the 

quartzitic beds pass laterally in very short distances into soft sandstones or even 

unconsohdated sands These sandstones and quartzitic layers hare resisted erosion 

more than the underlying clays and unconsohdated sands of the Eocene and so have 

formed a line of rocky hills, the Kisatchie Wold (PI I, p 14) extending across Louisiana, into Texas on the one hand and into Mississippi on the other.

These beds contain no indications of marine life, but land plants are abundant 

and fresh-water shells have been found in several places. The change from the conditions existing in the Vicksburg is very marked and indicates an elevation during 

which the region where the oceanic conditions were favorable for the growth of 

marine life was considerably south of the present outcrop of the formation (See 

PI III, in pocket)

These beds were observed at Grand Gulf, on Mississippi River, in Claiborne 

County, Miss , by Wailes, the first State geologist of Mississippi, who referred to them 

as the "Grand Gulf sandstones." 0 Later Hilgard d used the name "Grand Gulf 

group" to include the beds exposed in southern Mississippi between the Vicksburg 

and the relatively recent coastal clays (Port Hudson), and the name has been used 

with varying shades of meaning by different authors since that time."'

In view of this confusion and m order to furnish a name not likely to be misunderstood, the name Catahoula formation is used in this paper as a synonym for the 

"typical Grand Gulf" or the "Grand Gulf proper." This new name is from Cata-

" Synonymy of the Catahoula formation

<Grand Gulf sandstone, Wailes (Agriculture and Geology of Mississippi, 1857, pp 216-219) Includes typical Grand

Gulf sandstone and (erroneously) some consolidated Claiborne and Lafayette 

< Grand Gulf group, Hilgard (Report on Geology and Agriculture of Mississippi, I860, pp 147-154), which includes

the Catahoula, Fleming, and Pascagoula foimations

=Typical Grand Gulf, Ball (Eighteenth Ann Kept U S Geol Survey.pt 2, 1898, table facing p 334). 

=Grand Gulf proper, Harris (Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 28) 

<Grand Gulf beds, Harris (ibid )

=Grand Gulf, Vcatch (Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, pp 120, 132-135) 

<Fayette beds, Penrose (First Ann Kept Geol Survey Texas, 1890, pp 47-58), which are a composite including

Claiborne beds in their type locality and Catahoula and Fleming beds in east Texas 

^Fayette beds, Durable (Jour Geol , vol 2, 1894, pp 552-554, Science, new ser , vol 16, 1902, p 671), which are

Claiborne

<Fayette sands, Kennedy (Thud Ann Kept Geol Suivey Texas, 1892, pp 60-62, Bull U S Geol Survey No 212, 

1903, pp 20, 21-22), which includes a portion of the Jackson (See Gool Survey Louisiana, Rept of 1902, pp 

25, 132, 133 ) 

=Oakville, Bumble (Science, new ser , vol 16, 1902, pp 670-671) This correlation, while suggestive, needs further

evidence to veufy it

6 Kennedy, William, Third Ann Rept Geol Survey Texas, 1892, p 63 

c Wailes, B C L , Agiicultiire and Geology of Mississippi, 1857, pp 216-219 

* Hilgard, E W , Rept on Agriculture and Geology of Mississippi, 1860, pp 147-154

c In this connection see the following Smith, E A , and Aldrich, T H , Science, new ser , vol 16,1902, pp 835-837, Idem, 

vol 18, 1903, pp 20-26, Ball, W H , Science, new ser , vol 16, 1902, pp 946-947, Idem, vol 18, 1903, pp 83-85, Hilgard, E W., 

Science, new ser , vol 18, 1903, pp. 180-182.
U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. xxm

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS OF THE VICKSBURG FORMATION.

1, 1 R , l b . Ostrea vicksburgensis Conrad, 

2, 2a, 2'1 , 2^, 2d . Pecten poulsoni Morton. 

3, 3». Scaphaica lesueuri Dall. . 

7, 7a, 71'. Oculina mississippiensis (Conrad).

4. 4\ Macrocallista (Chionella) sobrina Conrad.

5. 5^ Ampullinopsis mississippiensis (Conrad).

6, 6ft, 6'». Oculma vicksburgensis (Conrad I.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. xxiv

A. QUARRY ON CONN LEAGUE. JASPER COUNTY, TEX., NORTHEAST OF ROCKLAND. 

Opened for stone for Sabine Pass jetties.

B. ON TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILWAY, NEAR LENA, LA. 

Photograph by G. D. Harris.

OUTCROPS OF THE CATAHOULA FORMATION.

OLIGOOENE. ' 43

houla Parish, La., tt which is directly across the Mississippi Valley from Grand Gulf 

and where there are many outcrops which are lithologically and stratigraphically 

counterparts of the beds of the old type locality. From this place the beds have been 

traced eastward through Mississippi into Alabama, where they .apparently grade into a 

series of fossiliferous sands and calcareous clays known as the " Chattahoochee group." 

To the west they'extend in a very pronounced lino across Louisiana into eastern 

Texas, and, according to Durable, are continued across that State in his Oakville 

beds. 6 The thickness of this formation, as shown by comparative cross sections 

based on wells at Alexandria (933, 939) and Boyce (944) and on dip observations on 

Sabine River,c is about 1,100 feet (PI. XXXVII, p. 70).

The country in which this formation outcrops is, as a rule, poor in everything 

but long-leaf pine. The sand beds are, however, important water carriers, and in 

places (as near Harrisonburg, Lena, and Christie, La., and about Rockland, Tex.) the 

quartzitic layers have been quarried for riprap work and ballast (PI. XXIV).

FLEMING CLAY.ti

TIi8 Fleming clay, which was so named by Kennedy in 1892« from Fleming 

siding on the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway near the line between Tyler and 

Polk counties, Tex., consists of green or bluish green calcareous clays, differing from 

the underlying Catahoula beds in the presence of numerous small white calcareous 

nodules and the absence of the characteristic Catahoula sandstone layers. Near its 

base it often contains a bed of bright-red clay, which forms a convenient line of 

parting/ These beds produce a stiff, heavy soil that is often black and resembles 

the soils of the Cretaceous prairies. Except where deeply covered with the surficial 

sands and gravels, these are commonly quite distinct from the coarse, sandy soils of 

the Catahoula formation.

Although these deposits represent less truly littoral sediments than the Catahoula beds, extended search has failed to reveal any marine remains except near 

Burkville, Newton County, Tex., where a brackish-water Oligocene fauna^ has 

been found in a local development of limestone 3 to 4 inches thick. These beds are

a It may be of historic interest to note that one of the first mentions of the outcrops of this formation refers to the exposures at Catahoula Shoals, in Catahoula Parish, which were even at that early day correctly correlated with the exposures east 

of the Mississippi. (See Darby, William, A Geological Description of the State of Louisiana, Philadelphia, 1816, pp. 45-46. 

6 Science, new ser., vol. 16, 1902, pp. 670-671. 

c Geol. Survey Louisiana, Kept, of 1902, pp. 120, 132-135, pi. 37. 

d Synonymy of Fleming clay:

=Fleming teds, Kennedy (Third Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Texas, 1891, pp. 62-63). '

^Frio clays, Durable (Jour. Geol., vol. 2, 1894, pp. 554-555; Science, new ser., vol. 16, 1902, pp. 670-671), which are

regarded as Claiborne. 

sFrio clays, Kennedy (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1895 1896, pp. 93-95; Bull,U. S. Geol Survey No. 212,

1903, pp. 20, 22-23, pi. 2).

SFrio clays, Voateh (Geol. Survey Louisiana, Kept, of 1902, pp. 120,135-137, 141-144, pi. 37). 

=Frio clays, Harris (Geol. Survey Louisiana, Kept., of 1902, pp. 28-32). 

=Frio clays, Maury (Bull. Am. Pal., vol. 3, 1902, pp. 3S3, 390, pi. 25). 

e Kennedy, W., Third Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Texas, 1892, pp. 62-63. 

/Ibid., p. 63; Harris, G. D., Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept, of 1902, p. 31.

sGeol. Survey Louisiana, Kept, of 1902, p. 136; Bull Am. Pal., No. 15, vol. 3,1902, p. 80. Kennedy (Bull. U. S. Geol. 

Survey No. 212, 1903, p. 53) reports a number of lower Claiborne (Eocene) species from this locality, but the collection made 

by the writer in 1902, which was by far tne lairgest made at this point, showed none of the species listed by Kennedy. Dr. 

T. W. Vaughan later visited the outcrop and states that the fragmentary material which he was able to obtain was regarded 

by both himself and Dr. W. H. Dall as having a decidedly Oligocene aspect.
44 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

particularly well developed on Neches River in the vicinity of Townbluff and extend 

east and west from that point in a belt 5 to 15 miles wide

The thickness of the Fleming beds is not well known, though it has been estimated by Kennedy at 260 feet and by Veatch at 200+ feet. a

Along Sabine River the dip of the Fleming formation is much less than that of 

the basal Catahoula beds, though it is apparently the same as that of the uppermost 

Catahoula, which is from 25 to 35 feet per mile.

MIOCENE AND EABLY PLIOCENE. - v

After the deposition of the Fleming beds a general elevation of this region, 

accentuated locally by the further development of the low Angehna-Caldwell monochnal flexure (see p 68; PI XXXVI, p 70), caused the &ea to retreat southward 

to a point between the present outcrop of the Catahoula and Fleming formations 

and the Gulf shore. This retreat was but one of the steps in the gradual growth 

of this portion of the American continent,- which, with minor retrogressions, such 

as occurred in the late Pliocene, has resulted in moving the shore line of the southern sea, now the Gulf of Mexico, from a line, as yet unfixed, north of the southern 

edge of the Ouachita Mountains to the present coast

The effect of this late Oligocene, Miocene, and early Pliocene uplift and the very 

slow and gradual tilting which accompanied it was to permit the formation in the 

coast region of Louisiana of very thick post-Oligocene deposits, which, with the beds 

that were formed in the late Pliocene and Quaternary, have a thickness in that 

region of much more than 3,000 feet. b The region north of this shore line was by 

this elevation subjected to more or less profound erosion, by which this new Coastal 

Plain, underlain by Oligocene, Eocene, and Cretaceous sediments, was reduced to 

a level, in Louisiana and Arkansas, of from 500 to 700 feet above the present sea 

level. North of this Coastal Plain, in the region of the older rocks, -where erosion 

had been active since the first arching and tilting of the great Jurassic peneplain in 

the early Cretaceous, the erosion of the Miocene and early Pliocene completed the 

formation of a plain lying below the level of the old Jurassic peneplain and containing many protruding remnants of the older surface This lower, partially developed Tertiary peneplain was essentially continuous with the eroded Coastal Plain

LATE PLIOCENE

LAFAYETTE FORMATION.

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSIIION

In the late Pliocene a considerable change in elevation occurred) which caused 

the sea to advance from its position a little north of the present Gulf coast and to 

cover much of the eroded Coastal Plain and in places to extend over the bordering 

rocks. The sea, in its advance and retreat, spread over this plain a sheet of littoral 

deposits, and the rivers flowing into it filled up the valleys with similar materials.

This great blanket of silts, sands, and gravels of near-shore and fluviatile

a Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 120

/> The Galveston, Tex , well at a depth of 2,920 feet reached only the upper part of the Miocene (Harris, Fourth Ann. Eept 

Geol. Survey Texas for 1892, 1893, p 118, Twenty-first Arm. Eept U S Geol. Survey, pt 7,1901, pp. 402-406)
LATE PLIOCENE. 45

origin, which, from its exposures in Lafayette County, Miss., has been named the 

Lafayette formation by Hilgard," and which has been described at length by 

McGee,& was, in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, largely worn away and 

redeposited in the succeeding periods of erosion Its remnants or redeposited remnants are, however, very common throughout the Coastal Plain in Arkansas and 

Louisiana (PI XXV, A), though the exact relation of the different deposits and 

the succession of events involved in their redeposition can be exactly determined 

only by a very detailed study after large-scale topographic maps have been prepared

PKEhENT DISTRIBUTION

South of the Catahoula and Fleming formations these sands and gravels form 

the surface for miles and then pass southward beneath the more recent clays of the 

Quaternary (fig. 6), forming there the water-bearing beds which furnish a portion of 

{.he waters used in the irrigation of that region. North of the Catahoula sandstone 

their occurrence is essentially fragmentary, and they appear and disappear in an 

extremely irregular manner As shown by wells, they are commonly thickest in

I ' '=SSSSa^SiS-^___________________________^Hi^f^C^______________________

FIG 6 North-south section showing Lafayette and younger gravels pas&ing beneath the clays of the Port Hudson and

supplying artesian wells in southern Louisiana

the large valleys, where they have been concentrated by erosion subsequent to 

their original deposition, but they do not normally outcrop on the surface of the 

present river flood plains and on the adjoining ten aces, though they are frequently 

exposed in the base of the river banks at low water and are generally abundant 

where the terraces grade into the adjacent hills

They are notably absent in regions of very calcareous clays, as in the Jackson 

area in Louisiana and the regions underlain by the more calcareous beds of the Cretaceous,0 a peculiarity of distribution due to two factors. (1) The clayey layers of 

a gently sloping unconsohdated Coastal Plain series are generally more easily 

eroded than the sandy beds, and the surficial beds are therefore really moro, completely removed along the outcrops of the clay layers; (2) it is not always possible 

to state positively that the&e Lafayette and younger beds are absent from the 

weathered outcrops of the sandy layers of the older Coastal Plain series, and it often 

happens, because of the absence of pronounced hthologic differences, that the

oHilgard, E W , Am Geol , vol. 8,1891, p 130

&McGee,W J, Toe Lafayette formation, Twelfth Ann Kept TJ S Geol Survey, pt 1, 1891, pp 347-521 

c Also observed in Mississippi and Alabama (Geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama, Geol Survey Alabama, 1894, p 

68, Agriculture and Geology of Mississippi, 1860, p o, Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept lor 1899 [19001, pp 106-106)
46 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBtJ-ROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Lafayette beds are assumed to be present in great thickness, when in fact they are 

almost or entirely absent. Thus, in Arkansas, portions of the weathered outcrops 

of the Bingen and Nacatoch sands a have been mistaken for those surficial beds. 

Outcrops of a bed of littoral sediments, probably Cretaceous, lying below the Midway at Little Rock, 6 and ferruginous deposits in Louisiana belonging to the lower 

Claiborne c have also been improperly classed as Lafayette

The gravel deposits are particularly abundant along Ouachita and Little 

Missouri rivers, and on the eastern side of the old course of Red River, along Bayou 

Dorcheat and Black Bayou The bowlders along this line are often of extreme 

size, thus at Bisteneau Salt Works large masses of quartzite, containing 8 to 10 

cubic feet, were observed in 1899 and were then thought to be local, d but similar 

bowlders have subsequently been found at many points to the north between this 

locality and the novaculite outcrops in the Ouachita Mountains (PI. XXV). 

Similar bowlders have been found on Ouachita River near Moiiroe,* and it is difficult, in the absence of any known glacial action, to imagine how they could have 

been transported 100 to 150 miles from their source, unless it were by floating ice. 

Call, however, has made the suggestion that somewhat similar bowlders on Crowleys 

Ridge wore carried by roots of floating trees f This, while possible in some cases, 

is not believed to be the true explanation of all the occurrences observed in southern 

Arkansas and northern Louisiana. These large gravel deposits belong more properly to the period of erosion and readjustment which followed the Lafayette than 

to the Lafayette submergence itself

11 QUATERNARY 

PLEISTOCENE. 

IATE TERTIARY AND EARLY QUATERNARY EROSION.

A gradual elevation marked the close of the Lafayette epoch and the sea 

retreated southward over the deposits laid down in its former advance, reasserted 

them, and carried back into the ocean some of the finer materials of the upper 

layers. The streams following the sea across this newly emerged coastal plain, 

in courses determined by its slight irregularities, began at once to trench its surface 

and incidentally to form the major topographic features of to-day. As this slow 

elevation continued the streams cut deeper and deeper into the underlying beds 

and, while at first the valleys were deep and narrow and the major streams were 

separated by large flat-topped areas representing the old plain level, the tributary 

streams gradually wore back into these level regions, divided them, and carved 

them into hills. When at last the land came to rest, at a height of about 100 feet 

above the present level, the streams, unable to cut below the very low slopes necessary to carry their waters seaward, began to cut from side to side and in time made

a Ann Rept £leol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol. 2,1888, pp 28-42, map, Twenty-second Ann. Rept T7 S Geol Survey, 

pt 3,1902, pi 47

& Twelfth Ann Rept U' S Geol Survey, pt 1,1891, p 470, Ann Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1892, vol 2, 1894, p 7

< Second Ann Rept Geol Survey Louisiana for 1870, 1871, pp 22-2J, Bull Louisiana State Exper Sta , Preliminary 

report on the lulls of Louisiana north of the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway, 1893, pp 24-26, Bul U. S Geol 

Survey No 142, 1890, pp 20-22, Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept for 1899 [1900], pp 100-101

d Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept of 1902, p 88

«Ibid , p 109

/Call, R. E., Ann Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1889, vol 2
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXV

LAFAYETTE GRAVEL, 5 MILES EAST OF PRESCOTT, ARK. 

A. Typical exposure. />. Large quartzitic bowlders.

ESCARPMENT ON THE SOUTHERN EDGE OF THE MARKSVILLE HILLS. 

A Port Hudson terrace In Avoyelles Parish, La.

OUTCROPS OF LAFAYETTE AND PORT HUDSON FORMATIONS.

PLEISTOCENE, 47

broad valleys somewhat larger than the present flood plains, which occupy the 

depressions produced by these older rivers, but which are now restricted by the 

unremoved portions of the Port Hudson deposits forming terraces. The bottom 

lands along the larger streams, the ancient Mississippi, Arkansas, Ouachita, and 

Red rivers, were about 100 feet below the present flood plains (see bottom of 

gravel layer, PI. XXXVII,-p 70), and like the latter were trenched still deeper 

by the streams traversing them (see stream cuts in present destructional flood 

plains, shown in fig 9, p 51) Thus the bed of the Mississippi of to-day has an 

extreme depth of 150 feet below its banks at Vicksburg, 165 feet at Fort Adams, 

and 175 feet 4 miles below the mouth of Red River, a and the abnormal depths of 

the redeposited Lafayette and Quaternary materials encountered in some of the 

wells given in the following tables are, in part, thought to be due to such occurrences, though they may be the effect of a slight uplift toward the close of this 

erosion period

Table showing thickness of Port Hudson and redeposited Lafayette and Quaternary beds in the Bed River VaHey, 

and indicating the position of the old land surface

Well 

No 6

448

468

478

198

203

-

419

420

421

788

783

784

785

786

794

803

796

797

709

800

801

835

804

805

832

906

908

Location

ARKANSAS

Little River County

Lanesport . . . . ..... ......

Miller County

Fulton'. . .

Homan.. . . ....... . . ....

Hempstead County

Fulton. ... . . . . . ...

Fulton . ..... . .

Lafayette County

1'rostville .... ... ......

New Lewisville (,2 miles west of) ... . ...

New Lewisville . . . . ...... . . .

LOUISIANA

Bossier Parish

Lake Point . .........

Bossier City (3 miles north of) . .....

Bossier City (2i miles north of)

Bossier City . . . . . . . ... .......

Bossier City. . . ...

Pool. . . . . . . . .

Caddo Parish

Missionary

Belcher... .... . . ...

Belcher (3 miles northeast of) ... . . . ... ...

Dixie ........ . . . . ...

Dixie (2$ miles east of) . ...

Dixie (3 miles southwest of )....... . . ... . .

Um. . . ....... . ...

Below 

Eobson 

Shreveport. 

. . 

...

....

Bayou Pierre... . . . ... ....... ...

Natchitoches Parish

Luella... . ... .... . ......

Montrose . . .......

Thickness of 

deposits

Feet

70

80

108

^

80

60

85

79

79+

(

120

130

76

80

195'

111?

130

90

125

00

85

121

70

69-110

100

70

300?

18*

"Mississippi River Comm , Survey of Mississippi Eiver, charts Nos 48, CO, and 61. 

b Numbers correspond to those used in Chapter V.
48 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Table showing thickness of Port Hudson and redeposited Lafayette and Quaternary T>eds in tht Red River Valley, 

and indicating the position of the old land surface Continued.

Well 

No.o

877

953

937

938

940

950

950

Qd7

Location.

LOUISIANA continued. 

Grant Parish: 

Colfax ...............................................:..................................................

Eapides Parish:

Thickness of 

deposits.

Feet. 

130

108

90

155?

110+

200?

230?

Table snowing thickness of Port Hudson and redeposited Lafayette beds in the

the position of the old land surface.

ippi Valley, and indicating

Well 

No.a

644

644

4

707

70S

411

412

415

1415A

24

ne

145

144

1039

1041

1033

1016

873

872

894

922

867

Location. .

TENNESSEE.

ARKANSAS.

Stuttgart ..................................................................................................

Pine Bluff. .................................................................................................

MISSISSIPPI.

LOUISIANA.

Thickness, of 

deposits.

Feet. 

139.3

160

162.3

171.3

87

66

110

100

87

150?

151

200

90

100+

118

248?

135+

95

80

145+

a Numbers correspond to those used in Chapter V.

f> Ann. Kept. Mississippi River Comm. for 1883, 48th Cong., 1st sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 37,1884, p. 483. 

c Safford, J. M., Kept. State Board ol Health, vol. 5, No. 7, -1890, pp. 98-100; Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Arkansas lor 1889, 

vol. 2, 1891, p. 28.
PLEISTOCENE.

In the area between the main streams the tributaries formed in time an interlocking drainage very little different from that of to-day, and at the close of this 

long period of erosion almost all of the old plain level had been destroyed. (PL I, 

p. 14) and the major topographic features of northern Louisiana and southern

FIG. 7. Sketch topographic map near Many, Sabine Parish, La., showing the characteristic flat-bottomed, steep-sided, 

small stream valleys of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by A. C. Veatch, 1899.

Arkansas produced. Indeed, the only great difference between the topography 

of that day and this was that the principal valleys were 100 to 150 feet deeper, 

and the Port Hudson terraces (PL III, in pocket) were entirely absent. The valleys 

of the small streams did not then show their present anomalous, steep-sided, flat-
50 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

bottomed, filled character (fig. 7), but the hill slopes passed in curves of gradually 

lessening gradient to the streams between them (fig. 8).

The topographic features of to-day are but the features developed in that period, 

slightly modified by the partial filling of the valleys in the succeeding period of 

low level and the incomplete reexcavation of this filling which has taken place 

since that time.

POET HUDSON DEPOSITION. 

CONDITIONS OF DEPOSITION.

During the long preceding period, which in its results was essentially one of 

erosion, thougli there were doubtless many stages that, have not yet been interpreted, the mantle of Lafayette sands and gravels was largely worn away and 

redeposited. The gravel was concentrated at many points by stream action and 

toward the close of the period, when perhaps the land stood slightly higher than 

before, and when the Mississippi may have been augmented by glacial flood waters, 

many of the valley bottoms were covered with sand and gravel.

With the slow subsidence which then began the carrying power of the streams was

diminished and the gravels were 

covered with fine sands and, in 

time, with silts and clays. The 

bottom lands were converted 

into great low-lying swamps and, 

mingled with the deposits formed 

__ at this time in the valleys north 

- ~s?sa*5 "~ of Baton Rouge, are fresh-water FIG. 8. Section near Many, La., showing typical flat-bottomed, filled , J 

character of small stream yalleys in northern Louisiana and southern SlieilS a and many

ArVansas; also showing typical steeper gradient of north-facing than ] £ trees as Well as driftwood 

of south-facing hill slopes. -i i ' / ,11-111 washed in from the higher lands.

These swamp deposits and their accompanying blue clays are succeeded by 

silty or sandy, somewhat calcareous clays, which reflect the general character of 

the sediments of the rivers along which they are found. Thus, on the Mississippi 

they are yellow or grayish yellow and contain numerous ferruginous and a few 

calcareous concretions, while on Red River they are bright red and contain many 

lime nodules not vastly different from those found in the loess and known as " loesskind chen."

These deposits are to-day best exposed in the riverward edges of the terraces. 

Along the Mississippi excellent exposures are found in the railroad cuts near Hamburg and in the Morehouse and Avoyelles hills (PL XXV, G, p. 46), while on Red 

River notable outcrops are found at St. Andres Bluff, near Colfax; at Campti; at 

Red Bluff, east of Frierson; on the Kansas City Southern Railway, north of Wallace, Cross, and Ferry lakes; in Caddo Parish; at Red Bluff, near Bodcau; at 

Hurricane Bluffs, in Bossier Parish; b and at Fulton and Mandeville, on the St. 

Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, in Arkansas (PI. Ill, in pocket).

a Third Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Louisiana for 1871 , 1S72, p. 177; Oeol. Surrey Louisiana, Kept for 1899 [1900], pp. 190-191. 

1 See Geol. Survey Louisiana, Hept. for 1899 [1900].pp. 113-114, 1S9-192; Third Ann. Kept. Geol. Survey Louisiana, for 1871, 

1872, pp. 185-190.
PLEISTOCENE. 51

!

?8*-*.

CtfttZee ete* 

tfrues

i&

§l o 10

^ CD

S S

3 »

Opelousas

w 

I?

Lafayette

Abb ev i lie

 Hamburg

Occasionally some of the large animals which then lived in this portion of the 

country wandered into these marshes and became mired. Among the bones 

preserved in this way are species of the ^ ft 

Mastodon and Elephas, of the Mylodon, ' 8 ( 

Megalonyx, Megatherium, and Glyptodon, 

large animals akin to the sloths, and 

armadillos, now found in South America, 

a camel, a large elk, and a prehistoric 

horse but little different from the domestic horse of to-day

These deposits are all essentially fluviatile or estuarine in origin, and the present level tops of their remnants, which 

form terraces along the sides of the principal valleys (fig 9), indicate that this depression was not over 100 feet below the 

present level On Red River the height of 

the terraces is seldom over 60 feet above 

the present bottom lands, and in the 

Mississippi Valley, near the Arkansas-" 

Louisiana State line, it ranges from 60 

to 80 feet To the north the terraces 

become lower, and in southeastern Missouri they have an elevation of but 20 

to 30 feet, a a variation which is perhaps g -* 

due to recent movements either along the S ^ 

line of the Angehna-Caldwell flexure, the | Jj 

Red River-Alabama Landing fault, or 

both (PL XXXVI, p 68)

These clay terrace deposits are continued southward in the pine meadows of 

eastern Louisiana and the prairie and 

pine flats of southwestern Louisiana, 

which are doubtless of the same age. 

The hills which border the Bayou Teche, 

the Grand Coteau des Opelousas, and the 

Cote Gelee, represent the eastern scarp of 

this prairie region where it has been cut 

by the Mississippi They are but the 

southern representatives of the isolated 

terrace remnant, the Avoyelles Hills, 

which is the connecting link between 

them and the Mississippi and Red River 

terraces (fig. 9). With the exception of 

the present sea marsh and the inconsiderable alluvial deposits of the present Miso Marbut, C. F., TJmv oJ Missouri Studies, vol. 1, No 3,1902, p. 16
52 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

sissippi flood plain, these coastal prairies are the most recent deposits of southern 

Louisiana above sea level.

DEPOSITION OF THE LOESS

Near the close of this low-level period great floods of water from the glaciers 

to the north hrought down large quantities of very fine yellow rock meal. This 

is now found capping the highest hills east of the Mississippi as far south as the 

Mississippi-Louisiana State line and west of the Mississippi, in Arkansas and Louisiana, only on Crowleys Ridge, and at Sicily Island It was early recognized at 

Vickshurg by Lyell and by him con elated with similar deposits in the Rhine Valley 

called "loess." 0 By some it is thought to represent the natural levees of an 

immensely swollen Mississippi, but the hypothesis best supported by the known 

facts is that it was deposited by glacial flood waters over the Mississippi plain 

and formed great mud flats, from which, after drying, it was conveyed to its present 

position by the wind b

EROSION OF THE POET HUDSON DEPOSITS.

With the elevation that followed the Port Hudson period of low level the 

main streams began to cut out the deposits which partially filled their valleys. 

This erosion, -which was the last of the major stages in the formation of the present topography, has icsulted in the partial removal of the Port Hudson deposits, 

which in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas are now found as terraces 

along the sides and underlying the present flood plains at no very great depths. c 

The nearness of the Port Hudson sediments to the surface and the relative thinness of the present alluvial deposits indicate that the flood plains of all the larger 

rivers of this area, except, perhaps, the Mississippi plain below Donaldsonville 

and New Orleans, are to he regarded, on the whole, as destructional rather than 

constructional plains

The amount of erosion accomplished in post-Port Hudson time is very small 

when compared with that accomplished in the long and complex late Tertiary 

and early Quaternary period of erosion, when the mam topographic features of 

this region were produced

To the south the plain, which was continuous with the Opelousas Hills and 

low bluffs along the Mississippi near Baton Rouge and which formed an integral 

part of the prairies and pine flats of Louisiana, was broadly trenched, leaving 

these blufls on either side to indicate its former height and extent In central 

Louisiana the Avoyelles Hills were separated, on the one hand, from the Opelousas 

Hills by a broad valley, formerly the flood plain of Red River, but now occupied 

by Bayou Boeuf (fig. 9), and, on the other hand, from the terraces to the northwest, whose edge is represented by Grimes and Innes bluffs, by the more recent 

Red River bottoms In the Red River valley the " upland flats" were made into

pp 230-216, Am 

pp 480-481, Geol 

169

<J Lyell, Charles Second visit to the United States, 1849, \ol 2, pp 194-195
QUATERNARY. 53

Bottom lands

Tertiary 

strata

Harnsonbul-g

terrace benches at this time by the trenching ol the Port Hudson deposits. To-day 

these "upland flats" form a notable minor feature of the topography and are 

particularly well developed in Lafayette County, Ark , and Bossier Parish, La , 

along what is perhaps the old course of Red River, which, after the filling of the 

valleys, was abandoned for a more westerly course following the smaller valley 

01 Sulphur Fork through eastern Caddo Parish (Pis I, A, III, in pocket)

In parts of the Mississippi Valley where the erosion has been somewhat irregular these Port Hudson deposits have not been completely worn down to the 

level of the surrounding gradational plains, and these remnants, though much 

below the height of the main terraces, are still noteworthy because of their peculiar 

soil, their relief above the bottoms, and the fact that the banks of the waterways 

traversing them are lower than the surrounding lands like true upland creeks 

while in the recent flood plains the banks are typically higher and form more or 

less pronounced natural levees To this class belong the Bayou Macon Hills 

(fig 9, p 51, PI III, m pocket) and the hardly noticeable elevation just above 

high water extending from the high Bastrop Hills northward toward Dermot, Ark

On the small tribu- ___ 

tary streams in the hillland areas, especially 

toward the headwaters, 

the cutting has been less, 

and the present flood 

plains of these minor 

streams are often essentially the unaltered surface of the old Port 

Hudson deposits Along 

Sabine River, though the 

Port Hudson deposits form occasional low bluffs and rise slightly above the 

lestricted plain of the present river, they are much more a part of the bottoms, 

with which they are commonly classed, than are the terraces along the flood 

plains of the present Red and Mississippi rivers, which are commonly regarded 

as hill lands

, In the erosion of the relatively level Port Hudson constructional valley plains 

several peculiar topographic features have been produced Among these are 

the gorge-like passage of Ouachita River, between Sicily Island Hills and the main 

uplands, in Catahoula Parish, La , the transverse cutting of the high terrace remnants by Bayou Bartholomew, Boeuf River, and Deer Creek, and the lower level 

of the land immediately bordering the Ouachita than of that bordering the Misissippi at the Arkansas-Louisiana State line (Pis I, III, in pocket).

DIVERSION OP THE OUACHITA RIVER NEAR HARRIbONBURG, LA

Because of the hardness of the Catahoula formation, a notable contraction has 

been produced in the Mississippi Valley where these beds cross it (Pis. I, B; III in 

pocket); in the period of high level preceding the Port Hudson deposition the 

group of hills forming the present Sicily Island hill mass was but a promontory on 

the main Catahoula hill mass and Ouachita River flowed to the east of it (fig. 10 A)

A, Drainage in earlj Quatcrnaiy time B, Present drainage

FIG 10 Change in Ouachita River drainage near Harnsrmburg, La
54 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OJF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

When the main valley region was partially filled during the succeeding low-level 

period, the low divide between the two minor stream valleys, which partially separated this hill mass from the hills to the west, was buried with fluviatile sediments 

which extended 60 feet above the present bottoms (figs. 9, 11). The Sicily Island 

hill group was thus entirely separated from the main hill mass by a relatively flat 

fluviatile plain which was but a portion of the larger constructional plain occupying 

the whole Mississippi Valley (fig. 11). This plain was doubtless slightly higher in 

the main valley, where the Mississippi brought down large quantities of sediments 

and the Ouachita naturally occupied the lower ground, and so passed to the west 

of the Sicily Island hill mass (fig. 10, B). In the succeeding period, when the streams 

cut out a portion of this filling and formed the terraces, the Ouachita cut down and 

became superimposed on the old rocky divide between the former north and south 

flowing creeks, and thus formed the present Catahoula Shoals (fig. 11).

TRANSVERSE CHANNELS OF BAYOC BARTHOLOMEW, BOEUF RIVER, AND DEER CREEK.

When the slight uplift following the Port Hudson low level caused the streams 

to commence trenching the Port Hudson Valley plains, Ouachita River, which then 

joined the main flood.plain at about its present juncture with Saline River in 

southern Arkansas (PL I, B, p. 14), early gained the ascendency over the other streams

Sicily Island

FIG. 11. Diagram illustrating the deflection of Ouaehita River and the cause of the formation of the Catahoula Shoals 

near Harrisonburg, La. a. Catahonla Shoals; old divide between north and south flowing drainage. 1-1. Beds of north 

and south flowing minor streams (first stage). 2-2. Original level of valley filling (second stage). 3-3. Present Ouaehita 

flood plain (third stage).

of the valley. This is evidenced by the courses of the tributary streams the Bartholomew, the Boeuf, and Deer Creek which pass through the intervening terrace 

remnants in more or less pronounced gorges to join it (PI. Ill, in pocket). The 

cause of this ascendency is, primarily, that the greater amount of sediment carried 

by the Mississippi tended to produce a relatively greater depression along the present 

course of the Ouachita, both in building up and cutting out the Port Hudson plain. 

In the period of low level the Port Hudson plain was built up more rapidly along 

the greater silt-carrying Mississippi, while in the succeeding periods of erosion the 

Ouachita, being less burdened with sediment, more nearly attained a perfect baselevel. In the beginning of this period of erosion the streams of the valley, therefore, drained southwest into the Ouachita, and, as the latter has maintained its 

greater depth, they have continued to do so. In this process the streams have 

become intrenched in the Port Hudson deposits and, as a result of this and of the 

irregular removal of the beds by the complex system of drainage in the Mississippi 

bottoms, a stream sometimes leaves a broad flood plain and deliberately flows 

through a range of hills to join another flood plain beyond. Thus Bayou Bartholomew follows the eastern edge of a well-marked terrace escarpment 40 to 60 feet high
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXVI

A. ON FLAT FORK CREEK, 3 MILES FROM TENEHA, TEX. 

Showing tree-covered top and barren surrounding country. Substructure; Sabine Eoc ;

B. ON FLAT FORK CREEK, 3 MILES FROM TENEHA, TEX, 

Symmetrical form partially destroyed by stream erosion. Substructure: Sabine Eocene.

C. AT PRESCOTT, ARK. 

Substructure; ArUadelphia Cretaceous.

I). ON PINE FLATS. NEAR TARBINGTON, TEX, 

Substructure: Port Hudson (Quaternary). Photograph by Vernon Bailey.

NATURAL MOUNDS.
QUA.TEKNARY. 55

through Lincoln, Drew, and Ashley counties, Ark , and, though separated from the 

present flood plain of the Mississippi in this part of its course by a low, almost imperceptible swell, may topographically be regarded as occupying the very western edge 

of the Mississippi bottoms (PI III, in pocket) In northern Louisiana it turns to 

the southwest, leaves this broad plain, and passes, in a steep-sided valley but a mile 

or two wide, through the escarpment which is continued southward in the eastern 

face of the Bastrop hills

Similarly, though in by no means so striking a manner, Bayou Boeuf leaves 

the Mississippi flood plain and passes through a valley between the Bastrop and 

Bayou Macon hills to the Ouachita flood plain beyond (PL III)

Farther to the south Deer Creek cuts obliquely across the Bayou Macon hills 

and separates them from the terraces flanking the Sicily Island hill mass.

DIFFERENCE IN LEVEL BETWEEN THE OUACHITA AND MISSISSIPPI FLOOD PLAINS AT THE LOUISIANAARKANSAS STATE LINE

The difference in the height of the banks of the Mississippi and those of the 

Ouachita in the latitude of the Arkansas-Louisiana State line is very striking, the 

top of the former being 112 feet above sea level and that of the latter but 63 feet. 

The difference is, however, somewhat exaggerated by a small, very recent fault 

which cuts across the valley near Alabama Landing, La (p 65), and which if it continues across the Mississippi flood plain has been completely obliterated by the great 

amount of sediment carried by that river The true ratio, with the recent displacement of this fault allowed for, is about 112 to 88 still a striking difference in the 

elevation of the main stream of the valley and one of its tributaries.

FORMATION OF NATURAL MOUNDS. 

GENERAL CHARACTER AND THEORIES OF'ORIGIN

Some time after the formation of the Port Hudson plains a vast number of 

low mounds, rudely circular, 20 to 100 feet in diameter and 3 to 5 feet high, were 

formed (PI. XXVI) These mounds have an extremely wide distribution They 

are well developed 011 the prairies and pine flats of the Port Hudson deposits along 

the coast of Louisiana and Texas, where they form the now well-known "pimple 

prairies," and are popularly associated with the oil deposits, with which, however, 

they are in no way genetically connected. They occur irregularly throughout the 

Coastal Plain in northern' Louisiana, northeastern Texas, Arkansas, and southeastern Missouri, except in the present flood plains. They are best developed 

on the Port Hudson terraces, but extend also over the hill lands They are not 

restricted to any geologic formation or any range of elevation The material of 

which they are composed is commonly a very fine loam, which is reported by the 

agriculturists to be coarser than and quite distinct from the surrounding soil, which 

is commonly clay Oil-well drillers in southern Louisiana and southeastern Texas 

report the material in these mounds to be entirely different from the surrounding 

soil and exactly the same as the fine sand found beneath the 50 to 100 feet of surface 

clay The apparent difference in composition is, however, not so great as it seems 

at first sight and is in part due to the greater elevation and consequent better 

drainage of the mounds. Careful mechanical analyses will be necessary to determine the true character and degree of this difference.
56 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Mr J. A. Taff, of this Survey, reports that similar mounds are very abundant 

through Indian Territory, where they are best developed on the plains formed 

during the Tertiary by the erosion of the highly inclined Carboniferous shales and 

sandstones They are there, as throughout the Coastal Plain, composed of somewhat coarser materials than that of the surrounding lands, which are commonly flat 

and water-soaked, while the mounds stand out as somewhat sandy islands Mr. 

M K. Shaler, field assistant, who during the season of 1904 worked with Mr Taff 

in Indian Territory, reports that identical mounds occur in southeastern Kansas

The question of the origin of these mounds is one of the most perplexing problems of this region and can not yet be said to be satisfactorily solved, though the 

range of possibility has been somewhat iianowed by recent work. The theories 

which have thus far been advanced may be grouped as follows.

{

a Gaiden beds v

b Tepee or wigw am sites

c Burial mounds

2 Animal 6...... .J a Ant hjk

\b Mounds of bun owing animals

3 Water erosion c...J a Gi eat cuirenU oi floods

\b Slow erosion at low level

a Sprmgb 01 "aqueous" volcanoes due to artesian pressure

4 Eruptions d. b Gas \ entb

Eruptions due to the unequal weight of an uneven clay layer on a water-logged sand 

bed

{

a Low dunes collected by scanty \ egetation in a semiai id legion of variable wmdb 

b "Root wadb " Masses of caith lifted by the upiootmg of trees in storms, which 

have peihaps been eiilaiged 01 modified by bun owing animals

Of these theories those deserving the most careful attention are (1) the spring 

and gas-vent theory, (2) the dune theory, and (3) the ant-hill theory.

SPRING AND UAS-VENT THEORY

The spring and gas-vent theory has, until the last year, seemed the most 

probable of the several hypotheses advanced. The argument in this case is that 

throughout the Coastal Plain strata there are large amounts of vegetable matter 

from which gas has been slowly generating This gas, with the associated artesian 

water, on escaping has brought to the surface fine sands and built up low cones In 

substantiation of this hypothesis two lines of evidence were adduced First, there 

are at widely separated points namely, near Sulphur City,*La , and near Tenaha,

a NadarllaG, Marquis de, prehistoric Amerrca, translated by N I)'Amers, New York, 1895, p 182 Lockott S H First 

Ann Eept Topog Survey Louisiana for IbbO, 1870, pp bb-b7, Gcol Survey Louisiana, Eept for 1899 [1900], p 194

!> Hilgard, E W , supplemental and final report of a Geological Heconnoissance of Louisiana, 1873, p 11

c Owen, D D , Second Report of a Geological Rccomioissance of part of the State of Arkansas, Philadelphia, ISfili p 144 

Lerch, Otto, a preliminary report on the hills of Louisiana south of the Vicksbuig, Shreveport and Pacific Railw ay Bull 

Louisiana State Exper Sta , Geology and Agriculture, pt 2,1893, p lOb

d Memorial and explorations of the lion J B Robeitson in relation to the agriculture, mineral, and manufacturing 

resources of the State (Louisiana), with the report of the joint committee Doc 2d sess , 2d Legib , Kept No 23, 18b7, 

also separate, New Orleans, 1867, pp 14-15 Hopkms, F V , First Ann Rept Geol Survey Louisiana, 1869, 1870, pp 80-82 

Clcndemn, W W , a preliminary riport upon the Florida paiishes of ca&t Louisiana and the bluff, prairie, and hill lands 

of southwest Louisiana Ttull Louisiana State Exp Sta , Geology and Agriculture, pt 3, 189b pp 179-183, Geol Survey 

Louisiana, Rept for 1899 [1000], pp 193-194

«Featheiman, A , Third Ann Rept Botanical Survey of Southwest and Northwest Louisiana, 1871, 1872, pp 106-107 

Clendcnin, W W.,op cit,p 180
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEV PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. *e PL. xxvli

SMALL SAND CONES FORMING OVER GAS AND WATER VENT ON FLAT FORK CREEK, 3 MILES SOUTH OF TENEHA.

SHELBY COUNTY, TEX.

MUD CONES NEAR DOUGLASTOWN, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 

Formed by pressure of underlying artesian water.

SAND AND MUD CONES.
QUATERJSTABY. 57

in northwestern Texas, in regions covered with mounds, a number of low cones a 

few inches in height and a few feet in diameter in the course of formation (PI 

XXVII). In both cases the very fine sand composing the cones was being brought 

up by the flow of gas and watei m the center of the cone Second, it is commonly 

reported by the oil-well drillers in southern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, 

though the statement could not be satisfactorily verified, that wells sunk on the 

mounds yield more gas than those in the mtermouiid spaces In these cases it has 

been assumed that the gas was of slightly more importance than the artesian water 

It is, however, probable that the water was the principal cause and the gas but an 

accessory Shepard" has described low spring cones in southeastern Missouri, 

which are clearly of the same character as those just described The region m 

which these occui is likewise covered with natural mounds A number of cones 

and irregular ''sand sloughs" were produced \->y water and gas eruptions or by 

water alone during the New Madrid earthquake of 1811-12, and these have naturally led to the classification of all the mounds in this section as of similar origin. 

From an examination of some of the mounds in southeastern Missouri along the 

line of the St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, the writer is inclined to 

doubt this generalization and to regard the greater number of them as identical 

with the same phenomena to the south and west, and not of the same origin as the 

low spring cones or the eruptions of the New Madrid earthquake This locality is, 

however, the best argument for a water and gas origin On Long Island, New 

York, there are a number of low mud cones which, while not entirely identical 

with the mounds, are of interest as examples of cones produced by artesian pressure 

(PI XXVII).

DUNE THEORY

A wind origin was suggested for these southern mounds by Featherman in 

1872 ^ and by Clendemn in 1896 c Recently Dr C W Haycs, after having examined the mounds in southeastern Texas, observed very similar low mounds clearly 

due to wind action 15 or 20 miles southwest of Green River city, in southwestern 

Wyoming, and concluded that the Coastal Plain mounds were of the same origin 

The objection to this theory, which is regarded as more probable than that just 

discussed, is the very great irregulantj^ of wind-made features and the fact that 

these natural mounds of the south-central United States, over an area at least 300 

miles wide and 500 miles long, are notably uniform in size and exactly resemble one 

another. It would seem that in so large an area a wind origin would, involve a 

greater variation in size than has been observed and would necessitate the presence 

of occasional dunes or lines of dunes of noteworthy size whose origin could not m 

any way be doubted This hypothesis, moreover, requires an arid or semiand 

climate in this region at a very recent time, of which there is no other evidence 

and which, in the present state of the investigation, can hardly be considered as 

conclusively proved.

u Shepard, E M , The New Madrid earthquake Joui Geol, vol 13,1%5, pp 4i-62 

oTbird Ann Kept Botanical Survey of Southwest and Northwest Louisiana, 1871,1872,pp 100-107 

c Preliminary report upon the Florida parishes of east Louisiana and the bluff, prairie, and hill lands of southwest Louisana Bull Louisiana State Exp Sta .Geology and Agriculture,i>t 3 1896,p 180

1393 No 46 06 5
58 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ANT-Ilirj. THEORY.

In considering the ant-hill hypothesis it must be conceded at the outset that 

in size and distribution these mounds exceed the work of any mound-building insects 

in this country. They are, however, approximated in size by some of the mounds 

of the leaf-cutting ants, the Atta. These are reported by Dr. W. M. Wheeler, formerly professor of zoology in the State University of Texas and an authority on 

ants, to reach a diameter in Texas of 40 to 50 feet and a lieight of 1 to 2 feet. He 

states that the hills are very stable and persist after the colony has migrated or 

become extinct. Mr. E. A. Schwarz, of the National Museum, reports that in Cuba

the Atta hills often reach a height 

of 10 to 12 feet, with a diameter 

several times as great, and in 

places completely overrun the 

cane fields. These occurrences 

greatly reenforce the theory of 

an ant origin.

An alternative ''ant theory '' 

is that these mounds are the 

work of mound-building varieties 

of the so-called "white ants" 

(termites), which are notably 

developed in the tropical parts 

of South America and Africa and 

in Australia. a The immense hills 

of certain varieties of these termites, notably Termes betticosus, 

which form a very important 

minor topographic feature over 

wide areas in Africa, are the 

nearest approach of any insect 

work to these natural mounds, 

both in size and bulk of material 

represented. These structures 

have a conical, sugar-loaf, or

FIG. 12. An African termite hill. (Drawing from photograph by Sir bee-hive shape and range from

H.H.Johnston'') Note the broafl, low mound, on which the central 

spire rests, produced by wash of the central hill. g t 2Q feet ^ hei M &nd 50 n

. .

more feet in diameter (fig. 12). 

They are composed of mud in which more or less vegetable matter is mixed, and 

so, like the mounds, are best developed in clay regions. Should these cones be 

deserted by the termites, they would weather down into broad, low mounds which, 

because of their greater height and of the vegetable matter mixed with them, 

would have a looser character than the surrounding soil.

» For a discussion of termites see Encyclopsedia Britannica, 10th ed., vol. 33, 1902, pp. 255-256, and the references there 

given.

6 British Central Africa, New York, 1897, p. 371.
KECENT. 59

Regarded as the work of termites, these mounds suggest a warmer and moister 

climate, though modifications such as those which enabled large elephants, camels, 

and animals of the sloth and armadillo families (p 51) to live in this region would 

also have enabled these now similarly restricted mound-building termites to do the 

same, and the causes which resulted in the extinction of the larger animals would 

in like manner, though at a later date, have destroyed the termites.

Opposed to the termite theory and pointing to a rodent origin is the fact that 

in exceptional cases in southern Arkansas these mounds are covered with gravel 

This is more probably due to subsequent work of burrowing animals '

In conclusion it may be said that these mounds are clearly due to causes not 

now in operation in this region, and no theory of origin yet suggested is entirely 

satisfactory The dune and ant-hill theories are, perhaps, the best supported. On 

either of these hypotheses the mounds are indications of important climatic changes 

in recent time, and so offer a line of investigation which may develop very important and far-reaching results. a

RECENT

In Recent time, which may be defined more or less arbitrarily as that since the 

extinction of the mastodon and associated animals, and in this region more particularly as that since the completion of the main erosion of the Port Hudson deposits 

in the larger valleys, the topographic and geologic changes have been very slight 

With the exception of irregular benches on the hillsides produced by landslips (PI 

V, p. 20), which, as their formation began m early Quaternary time, are only in 

part Recent, the effects of these changes are noteworthy only in the bottoms Aside 

from such local results as the destruction of river banks, the building of bars, and 

the formation of cut-oifs, all produced by the wandering of the principal rivers in 

their flood plains and the building up of the front lands above the back lands by 

the deposition of sediment in overflows, the most important of these changes are 

(1) the formation and destruction of the lakes of Red River Valley (fig 1, p 15, 

Pis XXXII, p 62, XXXIII, p 62), (2) the deflection of Red River through a narrow gap in the terrace deposits near Marksville (fig 14, p 64), (3) the production 

o"f the "Rapides" near Alexandria, (4) the development of small rapids on Sabme 

and Angelina rivers and the production of a low swampy area in the latter above 

the rapids, and (5) a slight movement along the Red River fault line near Alabama 

Landing, La (p 65), with the resultant extreme swamping of the bottoms from 

that point to above the mouth of Bayou Moro, m Arkansas

Of these, the formation and destruction of the lakes of Red River Valley is by 

far the most important, and, happening, as it has, in historic and semihistonc times, 

is of peculiar interest as an example of geology m the making

a Since thp above was written the following short articles, dibcussmg the general subject of natural mounds, have appeared 

in Science Branner, John C , Science n s , vol 21, 1905, pp 514-515, Ililgard, E W . id , pp 551-552, Spillman, W J , id , 

p 632, Furdue, A H , id , p]> 823-824, and Piper, C V,id,pp 824 825 Branner and Purdue suggest that these mounds may 

represent immense (oncretionary formations Spillman refers certain mounds in southwest Missouri to unequal weathering 

of limestone containing large chert masses Branner gnes many references to the mounds of the Pacific coast, for which he 

states the following theories have been advanced (1) Surface erosion, (2) glacial origin, 0) srohan origin, (4) human origin, 

(5) burrowing animals, including ants, and (C) fish ncsls exposed by elevation Bushnell, T) I , jr , Science, n s , vol 22 

1905, pp 712-714, has suggested the human origin theory, and this phase of the matter has been discussed by the writer m 

Science n s , vol 23, 1906, pp 34-36
60 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS. 

FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF THE LAKES OF RED RIVER VALLEY, e.

The "Great Raft" 6 commenced to form on the old course of Red Rivor along 

Bayous Boouf and Tcche (fig. 13, p. 63), and its head reached a point in the flood 

plain near Alexandria in the latter part of the fifteenth century. This'' Great Raft" 

(Pis. XXIX and XXX), which was more properly a complex series of log jams, 

each completely filling the river, started with a more or less accidental jamming of 

floating trees and driftwood. The effect of this initial jam was to pond the water 

immediately above it and force the river to form a new outlet in a low place in the 

bank above the jam and flow off through the adjoining timbered bottom lands. 

Driftwood quickly accumulated about this now outlet and formed another jam, 

separated from the older by a greater or less space, and in this mariner the great 

raft gradually moved up the river. After a time, which, to judge from the total 

length of the raft and the average rate of advance, must have been about two hundred years, the lower portion had so decayed that it.was carried down the partly 

blocked channel. Thus'the raft moved up the river as a great, irregular accumulation of log jams and open water about 160 miles in length. c Its average rate of 

advance in the period between 1820 and 1872 was four-fifths of a 'mile per year, 

though in two instances accumulations of over 5 miles are recorded during extreme 

freshets.d

As the raft advanced, it blocked the outlets of the tributary streams and the 

channels draining the lowlands between the higher front lands and the bordering 

hills, and by preventing the discharge of the water from them at a level equal to 

the original low water of the main channel (PI. XXXI) produced a series of lakes 

(fig. 1, p. 15; PI. XXXII). The timber in these flooded areas soon died (PI. XXX, 

B, <J) and the exposed portions decayed, leaving the stumps as silent witnesses of 

their former condition (PI. XXXIV, A, B).

Of the formation of those lakes in the lower part of the valley there is naturally 

no historic account, for the foot of the raft, at the time of the early settlements, 

was near the present site of Natchitoches,* and was one of the important factors in 

determining the location of that town, which was thus placed at the head of ordinary 

navigation. The successive dates of the formation of these lakes can, however,, 

be closely approximated by the known rate of growth of the raft. Of the formation of the lakes in the upper part of the valley there are, however, more or less 

complete records. The group near Shreveport Cross, Ferry, and Sodo lakes in 

Caddo Parish and Lake Bodcau in Bossier Parish (fig 1, p. 15), which were formed 

near the close ot the eighteenth century are described in a number of reports

oFor additional details and references see Veatch, A. C., The Shreveport area: Geol. Survey Louisiana, Rept. for 1899 

1900], pp. 160-174,181-188.-

& The term " raft" is used here, as in^ie early history of this region, to apply to the jams formed of timber naturally 

thrown into the river by the caving ol tlie banks. The branches on such trees greatly aided the formation of jams. Such 

a raft is quite different from the common raft made of logs cut in lengths, triramed of (heir branches, and fastened together 

so that they can be floated down tlie river.

cGeol.Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1899,1900,p. 164. See alsoOapt.H.M. Slireve's reports: 23d Cong., 1st sess., House 

Ex. Doc., vol. 3, No. 98,1834; 24th Cong., 1st sess., House Ex. Doc., vol. 3, No. 197,1836, p. 2; 25th Oons-,2'1 seas., Senate Doc. 

vol. 1, No. 1, p. 351.

dShreve, H. M., 24th Cong., 1st sess., Senate Doc., vol. 3, No. 197, 1836, p. 2; Ann. Rept. Chief of Engrs. lor 1879, vol.2, 

1879, p. 952.

_e Paxton, Joseph, 20th Cong., 2d sess., Senate Doc., vol. 1, No. 78,1829, p. 5; map of Natchitoches by J. F. Broutin, 1722, 

published in Thomassy's Geologie pratique de la Louisiane, 1860, opp. p. 227.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL, XXVIII

A. LOW CIRCULAR DUNES IN WHITE VALLEY, WESTERN UTAH, 

Produced by sand or dust lodging about low desert vegetation. Photograph by G. K, Gilbert.

S. GOODWIN RAPIDS ON SABINE RIVER, NEAR COLUMBUS, LA. 

One of the group of low shoals produced by recent upward movement along the Angelina-Caldwell flexure.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXIX

A. STEAMER "AID" REMOVING A PORTION OF THE GREAT RED RIVER RAFT IN 1873.

Note powerful lifting cranes and inclined platform bow, on which logs were hauled up for cutting with steam and hand saws. Location: I mile 

above Cedar Bluffs, La.; sec. 22, T, 21 N., R. 14 W. Photograph by R. B, Talfor.

ft. ONE OF THE SEVERAL TIMBER JAMS COMPOSING THE GREAT RED RIVER RAFT.

In the region of slack water produced by these jams silt accumulated veiy rapidly and effectually filled the channel of the river (PI. XXXI). 

Location: Channel of Red River, 5 miles below the Arkansas-Louisiana State line; sec. 29, T. 23 N., R. 14 W. Photograph by R. B.

GREAT RED RIVER RAFT.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER no. 46 PL. XXX

A, OPEN WATER AT FOOT OF ONE OF THE SEVERAL RAFTS WHICH MADE UP THE GREAT RED RIVER RAFT.

Timber jams and open water alternated throughout the length of the Great Raft, the open watei being one-half to two-thirds of the whole. 

Location: One-half mile above head of Red Bayou, La., opposite Millers Bluff; sec. 16, T. 22 N., R. 14 W. Photograph by R. B. Talfor.

li. TIMBER DEADENED IN SHALLOW LAKE, PRODUCED BY THE RAFT. 

Location: Sec. 33, T. 23 N., R. 14 W., Caddo Parish, La. Photograph by R. B. Talfor.

C. TIMBER DEADENED IN TEMPORARY RAFT LAKE WHICH WAS DRAINED BY THE REMOVAL OF THE RAFT. 

Location: Head of McWillie Lake, sec. 16, T. 22 N., R. 14 W., Bossier Parish, La. Photograph by R. B. Talfor.

GREAT RED RIVER RAFT.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXXI

MAIN CHANNEL OF RED RIVER IMMEDIATELY AFTER REMOVAL OF GREAT RAFT IN 1873.

Showing silt accumulated during raft period. Location: Between Wild Lucia and Dooley's Bayou, La.; T. 21 N-, R. 14 W, Photograph by

R. B. Talfor.

GREAT RED RIVER RAFT.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXXIII

(A) SODO LAKE IN 1838-39, WHEN HEAD OF RAFT WAS AT CAROLINA BLUFFS.

BLACK LAKE IN 1826-27, AND 1837. 

(From U.S. Land Office surveys.)

(D) BLACK "LAKE" IN 1901. 

( From surveys of L. R. and N. Co.)

LAKE BODCAU IN 1837. 

(From U.S. Land Office surveys.)

(f) DRY B'ED OF LAKE BODCAU IN i860 

(From U.S. Land Office surveys.)

(Bj SODO LAKE IN 190). ir & co, N.Y.

DRAINAGE OF THE KAFT LAKES OF KED KIVEK VALLEY IN NOKTHWESTEKN LOUISI.VyA,

BY A. C. VEATCH.

Scale 

o____________________6___________________10 miles '
RECENT. 61

from various sources as prairies or bottom lands which were suddenly covered 

with water a

Before the final removal of the raft, in 1873, its head advanced from Carolina 

Bluffs, where Slireve found it in 1838, to a point within 3 miles of the ArkansasLouisiana State line (Pis. XXXII, B, XXXIII, A), and in this advance it blocked 

the outlet of a bayou draining a large area of bottom land on the east side of Red 

River just above Milleis Bluff and produced the last of the Red River lakes Poston 

Lake through which, for a tune, steamboats passed on their way to uppei Red 

River 6 (PI XXXII)

Since the removal ol the raft and the adoption of measures to prevent its 

re-formation this region has been gradually returning to its former condition (Pis 

XXXII, XXXIII) Maj J H Willard, of the United States Engineers, reports, 

from careful leveling, that the river lowered its bed between 1S73 and 1892 over 

15 feet at a point 15 miles above Shreveport and 3 feet at Shreveport, and that a 

similar reduction has been going on in the river below that place c The lake areas 

are rapidly draining d and, in many places, land which in the early part ot the last 

century was a part of one of these lakes is now under cultivation (Pis,. XXXII, 

A, C, XXXIII, A, B) The complete return of this region to pre-raft conditions 

has been considerably retarded by a number of causes, among which are the following (1) The deposits of the raft period (PI XXXI, p 60) have in some cases 

entirely rilled the old channels of the tributaries, and the streams thus superimposed 

on projecting spurs of the old Tertiary beds have been forced to cut entirely new 

channels Small rapids and waterfalls have been developed, which are wearing 

back and gradually draining the lakes (2) Even without such hindrances the 

reestabhshment of a perfect base-level in a silt-laden stream like Red River is 

doubtless very slow

A theoretical consideration of maps, together with the well-known silt-laden 

character of Red River, has led to the natural, though erroneous, explanation that 

these lakes are the result of excessive deposition in the normal regime of the river 

According to this hypothesis Red River, overloaded with silt because of the excessive erosion in its headwaters, is building up its flood plain more rapidly than the 

minor clearer tributary streams, the lower portions of which are therefore converted 

into lakes, and these lakes have been referred to as the type examples of lakes of 

this class 6 It should be pomted out in this connection that (1) the lakes of Red 

River did not extend above the upper limit of the raft, though the valley above is 

quite as mature and should, under the conditions assumed, receive the same amount 

of sediment, (2) the uppermost of the lakes are known to have been formed by 

the raft, (3) since the removal of the raft all the lakes have materially decreased in 

size and where not completely drained are still decreasing, (4) the flood plain of Red

a 20th Pong , 2d FCSS Senate Doc , vol 1, No 78, 1829, p 10, 43d Cong , 1st «ess , House Ex Doc , vol 2 pt 2,1873,pp 

658-6^9, also published us Ann Kept Chief ol Engrs for 187,5, pp 658-654, Gcol Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1899 [WOO], pp 

185-186

& MS map by Lieu! E \ Woodruff, in the archives of the War Department

cAnn Kept Chief of Fngrt, for 1893, pp 1909-1910

d Lockett, S n , Second Ann Kept Topog Survey of Louisiana, 1870,1871, pp 44, 46, Woodruff, E A , Ann Kept Chief 

of Kngrs for 1873, p 6SO

t Duvib, W M , Science, vol 10, 1887, p 142, Davis, \V M , and Snyder, W H , Physical geography, Boston, 1898 pp 

279-280, Chamberlm, T C , and Salisbury, 11 D , Geology, vol 1,1904, p 179
62 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

River in the region of the lakes, instead of rapidly building up, is at present the site 

of a unique destruction and presents, in the midst of a well-defined river flood plain, 

waterfalls and rapids. Indeed, it is very safe to assume that had there been no 

raft there would have been no large lake in Red River Valley, and that any classification of lakes by origin must regard these temporary bodies of water as unique. 

The presence of these lakes on the maps of to-day is in many cases due not to their 

existence but to the fact that all these maps are based on the old Land Office survevs, 

made in the early part of the last century (sec Pis XXXII, XXXIII)

Another theory which has been suggested for the origin of these lakes is that 

they were produced by earthquakes in a way similar to the sunk lands of the St. 

Francis basin and Reclfoot Lake, near New Madrid, Mo , which were formed during 

the earthquake of 1811-12 This theory was first advanced by Lyell a and has 

recently been restated by Shepard b The resemblance between the two phenomena is, however, restricted to the fact that in both cases bottom-land trees 

have been killed by being flooded with water The lands submerged by the New 

Madrid earthquake are irregulai areas entirely in the Mississippi flood plain. The 

Red Rivor lakes, which arc now largely drained, had a regular shape dependent on 

topography existing before their formation They occur regularly in every large 

valley tributary to Red River from Alexandria to the Louisiana-Arkansas State 

line, and in the low portions of the bottoms between the higher land along the main 

river channel and the bordering hills (fig 1, p 15) It must be confessed that it' 

would be a most singular earthquake or series of earthquakes which would produce 

lakes with this peculiar regularity and without any evidence of faulting The lakes 

have, moreover, either completely drained, or are still draining, a fact which, when 

the charactei of the draining is considered, is entirely incompatible with any theory 

of origin involving a sinking of land, such as has occurred in the vicinity of New 

Madrid

A recent movement along the Red River-Alabama Landing fault, which passes 

north of all these lakes (PI XXXVI, p 68) and m which the downthrow is, moreover, to the north, has produced a well-defined break of 25 feet in the Ouacluta 

River bottoms near Alabama Landing (PI XXXV, p 66) There is no evidence, 

however, that this faulting produced a lake It represents a number of insignificant movements rather than a single break (p 65)

DEFLECTION OF RED RIVER BELOW ALEXANDRIA, LA,

Another effect of the raft, and because 'of its favorable situation a more permanent one, was the diversion of Red River below Alexandria Here, as the raft 

advanced up the old channel of Red River along Bayou Boeuf (fig 13) and the 

water was ponded in the low areas between the mam channel and the bounding 

hills, the lake on the north side' of the valley below Alexandria found an outlet 

through a low place in the Avoyelles and Point Maigre hills (fig. 13), even as the 

flood waters of to-day pass through a break in the Avoyelles Hills, the Coul6e des 

Grues, just south of Maiksville, and join the Ouachita-Black River drainage and

oLyell,Charles, Principles of geology, llthed ,vol l,p 452 &Jour Geol,vol 13,1905, pp 60-61
KECENT. 63

ultimately the Mississippi. After the passage of the raft up the river this new 

course was so well established that it has remained the main channel of the river 

to this day.

FIG. 13. Map showing diversion of Red River below Alexandria, La., and location of the rapids. Shaded areas are land 

subject to overflow; white areas, terraces and hill lands.

PRODUCTION OF THE "RAPITJES" NEAR, ALEXANDRIA. LA.

Near Alexandria the choking and building up of the old channel of Ked Kiver 

during the raft period and the free outlet afforded by the low place between the 

Avoyelles and Point Maigre hills caused the development of a new channel along 

the north side of the valley.' When the river, in adjusting itself to its new course,
64 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOCISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

cut out the alluvial deposits it became, in one place, superimposed upon projecting spurs of Catahoula sandstone, and these harder beds produced small rapids, 

which, because of their extremely recent formation, have not yet been cut out by 

the river

DEVELOPMENT OF SMAIX RAPIDS ON SABINE AND ANGELINA BIVEES

The shoals and low rapids winch occur along Sabine River for a distance of 60 

miles between the mouth of La Nana Bayou and a point 6 miles below the mouth 

of Bayou Toro, and which attain their maximum development at the mouth of 

Bayou Negreet and near Columbus (figs 14, 15), are, like the 

rapids of Red River at Alexandria and Catahoula shoals on 

Ouachita River, due in part* to the superposition of the river on 

the underlying country rocks by the silting up of the valley during the Port Hudson submergence and the subsequent irregular 

cutting out of these deposits There is, however, this important 

difference between the Sabine River rapids and those of Red 

Rivei and Catahoula shoals, namely, that the latter are isolated 

occurrences associated with near-by 

bluffs of Tertiary strata, while the 

Sabine River rapids represent a series 

extending for a distance of 60 miles, 

FIG 14 -sketch map c,f attaining a maximum development 

near the center, and, except at Columbus and Sabmetowii, not associated 

with the bluffs of the country rock 

(fig. 16 )

Along Angelina and Neches nveis 

in Texas, which form the first important drainage system west of the Sa_ 

bine, a somewnat analogous and in itself more conclusive phenomenon has been observed Near the head- 

\\ aters of the Angelina at the Rusk-Nacogdoches county 

line the river banks are from 8 to 10 feet high They 

rapidly decrease in height to a point 6 or 7 miles above 

the Houston, East and West Texas Railroad bridge, 

where they are almost at water level Below this 

point many outlet sloughs leave the river, which has the

aspect of a stieam at or below its base-level, and just beyond the railroad bridge 

the nver divides into many branches narrow, tortuous, tree-choked channels, 

which wander aimlessly through a great swamp and finally unite, several miles 

below, to form a low-banked river The banks then gradually increase in height 

and low, Hat-topped bluffs, 4 to 6 feet high, composed of brightly colored sands, 

appear at intervals. Between the mouth of Ayrish Bayou and old Bevilport the 

banks of the river are from 15 to 20 feet high, and the appearance of these bottom 

lands peiched high above the river is m marked contrast to the flat swamp land at 

water level in the valley above The current in this portion of the nver is quite 

swift and reaches its maximum velocity in the great southward loop 2 or 3 miles

McCHnahaii Shoals, 

Sabine Ri\er between 

Sabmetown,Tex , and 

Columbus, La (Tolheinus 1878) Shaded 

areas represent rockv 

ledgos exposed at lov\ 

water, figures give 

depths of water in feet

soofeet

J IG 15 Sketch map of Goodwin 

Shoals, Rabine River, near Columbus, Lu (Polhemus 1878) Shaded 

areas represent rocky ledges exposed 

at low \\.iter, dotted areas, sand 

bars, figures give depths of water 

in feet
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL 6URVEV PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXXLV

A- FERRY LAKE NEAR MOOR1NGSPORT, CADDO PARISH, LA. 

Showing stumps of pine, oak, and cypress killed by flooding during raft period, and now exposed by partial drainage of lake.

II. WAVE-FORMED BLUFF ON SOUTH SHORE OF FERRY LAKE. 

Partial drainage of lake by removal of raft has left the bluff 15 feet above water level. Note trees growing on old beach.

FERRY LAKE, A PARTIALLY DRAINED RAFT LAKE.
BECENT. 65

100' zoo'

above Lewis Ferry From Bovilport to the Gulf the height of the banks of the 

river gradually decreases The relation of these two occurrences was such as to 

lead to the suggestion in 1902 that the phenomenon observed was due to a slight 

folding along an axis extending obliquely across the two rivers, and further work 

has shown the presence of a low monoclinal flexure extending eastward through 

Louisiana and striking Mississippi River north of Bottom-land bank 

Vicksburg (p 68, Pis 

XXXVI, XXXVII) This 

flexure began to develop in 

the Oligocene and has been 

moving intermittently since 

that time The rapids indicate a very recent movement 

along this portion of the 

flexure, which is perhaps still 

developing.

FAULT ON OUACHITA RIVER NEAR 

ALABAMA LANDING, LA.

Another recent crustal 

movement has resulted in a 

rather important change in 

the Ouachita River bottoms 

near the Arkansas-Louisiana 

State line This consists in a slight movement of the large Red River-Alabama 

Landing fault (p. 68) As revealed by the careful surveys of Ouachita River by 

the United States engineers, this has amounted to 25 feet, and the movement is so 

recent that, although occurring in the flood plain of a large river, it has not been 

perceptibly obliterated by sedimentation (PI XXXV). A bieak of this size, if 

produced at one time, must have resulted in an earthquake of very considerable 

magnitude, a and it must be considered either to have been formed before the 

important earthquakes of the early part of the last century, or to represent a great 

number of very slight movements, none of wluch was large enough to produce an 

important quake In either case the persistence of this break must be regarded as 

an extreme illustration of the small amount of sediment earned by Ouachita River, 

by reason of which this river lias been able, to attain and maintain a more perfect 

base-level than the silt-laden Mississippi (PL I, p 14)

oThe faulting accompanying the great Bengal-Assam earthquake of June 12, 1897, which is regarded by R D Oldham, 

of the India Geological Survey, as the most powerful and widespread earthquake of which there is historical account, is not 

known to exceed 30 feet The faulting that produced the great Japanese earthquake of October 28, isyi, averaged 3J meters. 

although it attained in places a maximum of 6 meters The severe earthquake which occurred in the Mexican State of Sonora, 

south of Arizona, on May 3,1887, was produced bv a faulting of but 11 feet The severe shocks m Chile in the early part of 

this century were accompanied by displacements of from 3 to 8 feet, and the dislocation of the New Madrid earthquake of 

1811-1812 is given as only a few feet (Lyell, Principles of Geology, rol 11,12th ed , 1S75, pp 106-110) See Button, C E , Earthquakes, New York 1904, pp 52-60

FIG 10 Cross sections illustrating character of a typical rocky shoal on Sabine 

lliver sho\\mg its relation to the flood plain or bottoms A, Section at 

"Stone Conl Bluff," between Sabmetown and 1'endleton, Te\ , B, section 

1 000 leot abo^e A at same stage of water
66 GKOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND AKKAJNhA8.

Bluff

Bottom-land 

bank '

The effect of this fault is to render the bottom lands between it and the mouth 

of Smackover Creek, in Arkansas, particularly subject to severe and prolonged 

inundations and to greatly decrease and in some cases largely destroy the value 

of these lands for cultivation.

The Red River lakes are south of this fault line and in no way connected with 

it The downthrow is, moreover, to the north and the Rod River lakes, therefore, 

on the upthrow side There is no evidence of a lake in the Ouaclnta bottoms above 

the fault, which is an additional reason for believing it due to a numbei of slight 

movements rather than one large break

LANDSLIP BENCHES.

Besides the definite terrace levels due to erosion, there are on all steep hillsides 

many irregular, limited benches (PI. V, p 20) that form a minor feature about as

important topograhpically 

in some places as the, 

mounds on the flat lands 

These occunences, which 

represent arrested landslips produced by undercutting or by the action 

of underground waters or 

earthquakes aie freFIG 17 Section of Bunker Hill Bluff, CatJhoula Pjnsh, La . showing manner of , -, , ,, 

formation of the landslip or" hogback" islands common along Ouachita River quentiy regarded as old

fortifications, "treasure

holes," old mine dumps, and the like. Along Ouaclnta River landslips of this 

character, produced during the profound erosion of the early Quaternary (p 46) 

and then buried beneath the Port Hudson deposits, are now being resurrected by 

the river and form m its channel in many places peculiar low "hogback" islands 

of steeply inclined strata, at some places associated with bluffs (fig 17) and at 

others entirely removed from the bluff line

STRUCTURE

BROADER STRUCTURAL FEATURES RESULTING FROM CAUSES ASSOCIATED WITH

CONDITIONS Of DEPOSITION

As has been explained in the foregoing discussion of the historical geology, 

the flat Jurassic land surface or peneplain was, in this region, very gradually warped 

in two principal directions. It was gently tilted southward in the direction of the 

present Gulf coast, and later, while the gulfward tilting was still continuing, a 

broad trough was developed southwest along the axis of the present Mississippi 

Valley, which, indeed, owes its origin to this fold. The general effect of this tilting 

was to give to all the beds deposited by the ocean on this old land surface a very 

gentle slope toward the Gulf, and, after a time, toward the Mississippi Valley The 

relative intensity of these two slopes depended on the location, near the Mississippi 

Valley the slope toward the trough was nore important, while to 'the east and west 

the gulfward slope increased in value ui til it became the principal element. The 

effect of this very slow progressive tilt g and the usual wedge or lens shape of
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXXV

O Feet Mean Gulf Level

SCALES.

HOP. 1:1,500,000

10 5 0 10 20

KJWAr * CO., N.r.

RECENT FAULT CROSSING THE OUACHITA RIVER BOTTOMS NEAR ALABAMA LANDING, LA. 

Inferred from " Profile of bottom of channel and right bank of the Ouachita and Black rivers from Red River, Louisiana, to Camden, Ark., by the U. S. Engineers.'
STRUCTURE. 67

marine deposits, which are thin toward the land and thicker seaward, was to give 

to the lowest beds a greater slope than the succeeding ones a (Pis III, XXXVII, 

sees B, D, E, F, G, H, I, p 70)

Thus the older Cretaceous beds the Trinity, Goodland (Fredericksbmg,) 

and Washita formations (pp 20-21) which attain great thickness in central Texas, 

grow thinner in passing eastward along the outcrop, and finally disappear in southwestern Arkansas (See PI III, in pocket, compare sees F, D, E, B, PI XXXVII, 

p 70 ) The lowest formation of the upper Cretaceous m Arkansas, the Bingen, 

likewise thins out rapidly to the east, while to the west it grades into a very thick 

-series, which ultimately becomes two or three distinct formations (p 24, fig 4; 

compare sees E, D, H, Pi. XXXVII) In the latter part of the Cretaceous, with 

the development of the Mississippi embayment, the deep water shifted eastward, 

and the clays of this period, which arc dark and calcareous in Texas, contain, in 

the Arkansas and Mississippi regions, large amounts of ,chalk and chalk marls.

In the Tertiary strata somewhat similar causes have resulted in the entire 

absence of the Vicksburg beds west of Catahoula Parish, La (PI III.)

Besides these variations in thickness and lithological characters, due to condi-i 

tions intimately connected with deposition, and the initial dips due to the gentle 

tilting of the surface of the old Triassic peneplain, notable variations in the structure 

have been produced in several other ways (1) By the domes, (2) by the AngehnaCaldwell flexure, (3) by the Red River-Alabama Landing fault

CHANGES BY SUBSEQUENT OROGRAPHIC MOVEMENTS

DOMES

The domes, twelve of which are now known in northern Louisiana and eastern 

Texas (PI XXXV11), the presence of a thirteenth being suspected, are by far the 

most unique structural feature in this region They are very symmetrical, foursided folds or quaquaversals of Cretaceous strata, about a mile in diameter, that 

represent deformations of from 1,000 to 4,000 feet (PI. XIII) They penetrate 

the Eocene beds without materially disturbing them, except, perhaps, the Midway, 

and though their major development and partial truncation by erosion occurred 

during the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary, the Wmnfield dome is known to 

have moved in post-Claibornc time, and the Belle Isle, one of a series of closely 

related domes in southern Louisiana, shows movements in Quaternary time. b 

In point of origin it is thought that these domes were perhaps produced by the 

upward pressure of intrusions of igneous rocks of limited area (see p 29), and so 

may be termed bysmalithic 0 domes or bysmahthic quaquaversals d

i Still farther seaward the beds again grow thinner, but no such thinning has been observed in this area, and it is presumed 

that the point vvhcre these bods thin out is beyond the area under discussion

& Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1899, [1900], pp 228-229, Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1002, pp 99-100

cldclings, Jour Geol ,vol 6,1898,pp 70S-706

d Since the above was written I have found that Lee nager (Eng and Mm Jour , vol 78, 1904, pp 137-130, 180-183) has 

suggested a hypothesis which explains the origin of these and very similar domes in southern Louisiana and southeastern 

Texas by the upthrnst of an igneous plug His theory is in the most essential particulars parallel to the one here advanced 

The fact that two workers in this field have independently arrived at the same hypothesis as the only one at all m accordance 

with the known facts greatly adds to its probable value Mr llager's suggestion that the wonderful salt, sulphur, and gypsum deposits of this southern region are not of normal marine origin, but were' concentrated and redeposited hy the heated 

waters circulating around these igneous intrus.ons, and that these deposits are to be regarded as essentially the product of
68 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ANGELINA-C -YLDWELL FLEXURE.

The low Angelma-Caldwell monoclmal flexure is known to extend from 

Angelina County, Tex , through Louisiana north of Natchitoches, Winnfield, and 

Columbia to Mississippi River north of Vicksbmg (Pis XXXVI, XXXVII, 

sees A, B, C, D, F) It began to develop in Tertiary time, perhaps as early as 

the Ohgoccne, and is still a line of weakness Recent movement along its west 

end has resulted in the formation of a series of shoals on Sabine River and in the 

swamping of a part of the Angelina River Valley in Angelina and Nacogdoches 

counties, Tex (See p 64 ) It has almost entirely destroyed the southern element 

of the dip of the beds between its northern edge and a point about 60 miles south 

of the Paleozoic bolder Along the line of the flexure the dip of the Claiborne 

beds ranges fiom 46 feet at Vicksburg to 150 feet on Sabine River Still farther 

south the dip becomes less, though this change of the dip has as }^et been actually 

observed only on Sabme River, where, between Hattens Ferry and Burrs Ferry, 

it changes from 150 feet to about 30 feet per mile (PI ITT, sec F)

It should be noted that the Nacogdoches oil field occurs near the upper bend 

of this monocline, and that the oil springs reported in Sabine Parish, La., occur 

in the same relation to this fold.

KED RIVEK-4LABAMA LANDING- FAULT

The Red River-Alabama Landing fault .extends across northern Louisiana 

and southern .' rkansas into northeastern Texas, approximately in the position 

shown on PI. XXXVI, though in a much more irregular manner Like the AngelmaCaldwell flexure, it is of late Tertiary age and has been the site of movement in 

the present time The total displacement or "throw" of this fault along the 

Little Rock-Marksville section (PI XXXVII, sec B), where the data regarding 

it are most complete, is in the neighborhood of 600 feet, with the downthrow to 

the north

The throw of the Red River fault, of which this seems to be the continuation, 

is given by Hill as about 626 feet at Preston and 617 feet north of Denison, Tex. 

The close agreement of these figures is very surprising when the distance between 

the places of measurement about 275 miles is considered, as such uniformity 

of fault structure is unusual

Evidence of recent movement along this line is found on the Ouachita River 

just above Alabama Landing, where the displacement revealed by the careful levels 

of the United States engineers is 25 feet (PL XXXV, p 66) This movement, 

which is so recent that the river has not yet perceptibly filled the depression, has 

resulted in the production of an extremely low, swampy area extending almost to 

the mouth of Smackover Creek in Arkansas.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XXXVI

PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE COASTAL PLAIN IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA AND SOUTHERN ARKANSAS

WITH SOME OF THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF ADJOINING AREAS.,

Scale 

40 120,mUea

Tertiary

With Quarternacy 

Covering in places.

19O5 

LEGEND

Cretaceous, Arch*ar>~aml Paleozoic.
STRUCTURE. 69 

LOCAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES

Besides these broader structural features, there are in every locality many 

minor examples t>f faults and folds on a minute scale that have no bearing on the 

general structure of the region, but are of importance to the teacher and student as 

examples of the larger and much more obscure occurrences. These little structural 

phenomena are generally the result of the readjustment of the strata resulting 

from erosion, and in some cases to slight readjustments produced by earthquakes.

DIP OF STRATA

The direction and character of the dip of the strata is shown on the structural 

(PI III) and hydrologic sections (PI. XXXVII) and may be inferred from the 

contours shown on the underground-water maps (Pis. XXXVIII, XLI-XLIV) 

However, the following values may be of interest

The slope of the old Tnassic land surface, or the "bed rock," is from 100 to 125 

feet per mile all along the Cretaceous-Paleozoic contact in southern Arkansas from 

Arkadelphia westward Northeast of Arkadelphia nothing is definitely known 

regarding its slope, and there is some indication that it may be faulted.

The dip of the upper part of the Bingen formation (the sub-Clarksville sand) 

is 70 feet per mile about Gurdon and 80 feet per mile at Texarkana.

The Nacatoch sands have a dip of 56 feet at Gurdon, 65 feet at Hope, 80 feet 

at Fulton, and 73 feet at Texarkana (See PI XXXVIII, pocket)

The southward element of the dip of the base of the Jackson north of the 

Tied River-Alabama Landing fault along the line of the sections from Vicksburg 

to Marked Tree (Memphis) (PI. XXXVII, sec. A), and from Monroe to Little Rock 

(PI XXXVII, sec B) is about 1 7 feet per mile

The southward element of the dip of the base of the Claiborne along the AngelmaCal dwell flexure is 46 feet per mile at Vicksburg, 48 feet at Columbia, 50 feet at 

Golf ax, and 150 feet on Sabine River.

The dips toward the Mississippi trough range from 8 to .16 feet per mile.
CHAPTER II.

GE3STEEAL UNDERGROUND WATER CONDITIONS.

INTRODUCTION.

SOURCE OF UNDERGROUND WATER.

Of the 40 to 50 inches of rain which commonly fall during each year in northern 

Louisiana and southern Arkansas (fig 18) a considerable portion immediately flows 

off the surface in streams and ultimately reaches the sea. Another portion passes 

into the ground and, after a longer or shorter journey, returns to the surface in the 

form of springs either on the land or under bodies of water. In both of these cases 

a part is lost by evaporation, and a certain amount, though a comparatively small 

percentage, is consumed by living organisms and in chemical work

The portion which passes into the earth furnishes the entire supply of well 

water both in surface and deep wells. Its availability for this purpose at any 

point and the permanency and quality of the supply, as well as the height to which 

the water will rise above the bed in which it is encountered, depend on the relative 

position, elevation, and permeability of the different strata in that region Its 

potability, or mineral character, depends on the soluble minerals contained in the 

beds through which it passes

The percentage of the rainfall which sinks into the earth is determined by (1) 

the character of the rams, whether of a slow and steady or a torrential nature, 

(2) the topography of the country, whether flat or with many steep slopes, (3) the 

character-of the vegetation covering the surface, and (4) the porosity of the soil 

and the physical character and state of saturation of the underlying beds

NATURE OF MOVEMENT OF UNDERGROUND WATER

Except in thick limestone beds containing caverns, underground waters very 

rarely travel through channels or conduits of appreciable size, or in any way resemble 

surface streams; and seldom can the underground water system of any area be 

said to even remotely "resemble the veins of the human body." The true cavern 

streams furnish an extremely small percentage of the world's water supply derived 

from wells, and well waters on the whole are to be regarded as coming from the saturated portions of porous beds, through which the water moves in the small spaces 

between the particles as the sand of a sand bed or sandstone, or the gravel of a 

gravel bed or congolmerate. This motion is to be described as a slow seeping, in 

which the water moves at the rate of a few feet per day, rather than a few miles, 

as in surface streams

The manner and character of this flow may be artificially and somewhat arbitrarily shown by taking a sand pile of considerable size, placed on a relatively hard
NATURE OP MOVEMENT OF UNDERGROUND WATER. 71

or impervious material, and spraying its center with water. When the lower portion 

of the pile has become saturated, little streams will begin to trickle from one or 

more points at the base, the number depending on the shape of the ground where 

the pile is situated. These little rivulets represent springs and it will be found that 

the water will flow for some time after the cessation of the spraying, the length of

FIG. 18. Annual rainfall in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, compiled from reports of the United States 

Weather Bureau for the years 1902 and 1903. Lower figures represent period of years; upper figures, average rainfall 

for period given. *

time depending on the size of the pile and the coarseness of the particles composing 

it. Imagine this sand pile increased to many feet in thickness and covering the 

top of a hill or group of hills which is underlain by clay beds, and an idea will be 

had of the character and cause of many of the springs in northern Louisiana and 

southern Arkansas. 0

a For another type of springs see p. 76.
72 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ZONES OF SATURATION

The effect of this constant influx of water into the earth is to completely saturate 

the rocks between an upper limit, whose position depends largely on the amount 

of rainfall and the relief of the country, and a lower limit, fixed by the point below 

which the enormous pressure of the upper layers of rocks prevents the existence of 

spaces of any character between the rock particles The position of this zone of 

no pores has been estimated by Van Hise" to be about 6 miles from the surface

MAIN UKOUND-WATER TABLE

The upper limit of this zone of complete saturation is known as the main 

ground-water table In regions of heavy rainfall it is relatively near the surface, 

while in areas of light precipitation it is deep in the ground. The possibility of

0 Sea level V: I mile

_FiG 10 Cross section on Long Island, New York, showing the relation of a perched water table to the nuun water table an<3 

the production of springs dependent on a perched water table

obtaining water below this main ground-water table depends on the location of the 

coarse beds, such as sand and gravel, which will yield their contained water readily. 

Clay beds in this zone, though also completely saturated, release the water extremely, slowly if at all, and have, therefore, no water-bearing value.

PERCHED GROUND-WATER TABLES

Above this zone of complete saturation and separated from it by norisaturated 

strata, there are, in regions containing inegular clay or relatively impervious beds, 

more or less elevated, limited, and disconnected zones of saturation which may be 

termed "perched water tables " They supply local shallow \vells, and when cut by 

valleys produce springs of greater or less importance (fig 19). Wells dependent

a Sixteenth Ann Rept D S Geol Survey, pt 1, 1800, p 593
VARIATIONS OF PRESSURE OR HEAD. 73

on perched water tables are in general much less satisfactory than those which 

pass below the main water table, as they derive their supply from more or less 

limited bodies of saturated strata which are quickly affected by periods of drought.

VARIATIONS OP PRESSURE OR HEAD

The water pressures in the main zone of saturation are very unequal The 

differences m the coarseness of the strata, the leakage through springs, and the 

^onstaiit additions from rainfall prevent their ready equalization. They vary 

greatly m different layers in the same region, and m the same layer m different 

regions The extent and cause of this variation is indicated by the character of 

the factors m the following equation

Pressure head at a given point in any stratum, expressed in feet above sea level=elcvation 

of giound-water table at source loss by resistance loss by leakage

All the members on the right-hand side of this equation are irregular variables. 

The first, tne elevation of the ground-water table at the outcrop or source, depends 

on the elevation of tlie surface, which changes at different points (See p 78.)

FIG 20 Experimental illustration of loss of head by resistance and leakage (After David, 1893)

The second depends on the size of the spaces between the grams, which in even 

the most uniform beds is a constantly changing quantity and in beds such as those 

of the Lower Eocene is extremely variable The third varies with any change hi 

the coarseness of the adjacent beds, which are never constant, and is affected by 

faults, joints, and other natural breaks

This variation may be artificially shown m the manner indicated in fig. 20 In 

this experiment a tube is filled with sand, coarse shot, and marbles, representing 

beds of different coarseness, and the lower end of" the tube is closed with a brick to 

prevent the materials from running out When water is allowed to flow in from 

above, it rises to different heights in the small tubes, representing wells.

CAUSES PRODUCING ARTESIAN OR FLOWING WELLS

It is these variations m the pressure or head that make flowing or artesian 

wells possible under certain conditions. These may be briefly stated as follows.

1 There should be relatively porous beds suitably situated to collect and transmit the water

2 Theie should be lest, porous 01 lelatively impervious layers so placed that they may confine the water 

collected

3 The level of the ground-water table at the source should be enough higher than the suiface at the point 

where the well is drilled to compensate for the loss of head due to resistance and leakage
74 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

In order that the well may be permanently artesian it is also necessary that 

there be sufficient rainfall and that the demand be not greater than the rate at 

which the water can flow through the porous stratum or strata.

The arrangement of the factors which produce a now is by no means constant. 

They vary considerably from point to point and relatively new combinations are 

to be continually expected. Possibly the most usual combination IB that shown in the 

accompanying diagram (fig. 21) Here the confining beds are clay and the porous 

bed is a sand which dips regularly in the direction in which the surface slopes. Water 

falling in the region marked "catchment area" sinks into the sand and supplies 

the artesian wells drilled on lower ground. Most of the artesian wells of this region 

have this arrangement of factors, which may be taken as typical of a large class of

 B

FIG 21 Diagram showing the common arrangement of factors producing artesun wells A, Artesian wells, B, head of 

water if there were no loss by resistance or leakage, /', actual hcid or hydraulic gradient, D, ground-water table at 

outcrop

artesian wells, being, perhaps, the one most commonly expounded and understood, 

but a radical rearrangement of factors will produce results depending /on the same 

general principles a

PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING HORIZONS.

The water-bearing value of the geologic formations of northern Louisiana and 

southern Arkansas and their relations to one another are briefly outlined in the 

table opposite and graphically shown 011 PL XXXVII

LOWER CRETACEOUS HORIZONS 

TRINITY FORMATION

This formation, which is a very important water-bearing horizon in Texas, is 

of much less importance in Arkansas, where it contains considerable clay, gypsum, 

and limestone and lacks the coarse sandy beds characteristic of it farther west. 

Only one deep well has been tried in this area, that of D. J. Sassarnen (393) near 

Centerpoint (PI XXXVII, sec F), which is 500 feet deep and obtained a hard 

chalybeate water. A second well (742) 200 feet deep, sunk 4' miles south of 

Lockesburg, was abandoned without obtaining water It was too far north to draw 

on any of the horizons of the Bingen sand (PI XXXVII, sec. F), and would have

"For such exceptions, other than those described on pp 81-82, see Prof Paper U S Geol Survey No 44, 1006, pp 68-72
I

PRINCIPAL WATER-BEARING HORIZONS. 75

Water-bearing value of geologic formations of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas »

Geologic subdivisions

Quaternary

Tertiary

Cretaceous

«|

Pleisto- cene

££

f^ «

Oligocene

Eocene

Gulf Upper Cretaceous series or 

Cretace- Lowr orComanche ous, 

series

Alluvium

Port Hudson 

formation

Lafayette 

formation

Fleming clay

Catahoula 

formation

Vickshurg 

formation

Jackson formation

C 1 a i b o r n e 

formation

Sabine f o rmation

Midway formation

Arkadelphia 

clay

N ac at och 

sand

Marl brook 

formation

Annona chalk

. B rown sto wn 

formation

Bingen sand c

Waslnta group

Goodland 

limestone

Trinity formation

Pre-Cretaceotis

Character of deposits

Veneer of band, silt, and clay on 

flood plains N

Clays and silts underlain by gravel 

beds, which occur beneath all the 

river valleys and as terraces along 

their sides

Silt, sand, and gra\el, forming a 

very irregular mantle over the older 

beds

Green calcareous clay

Green d<iys, with layer of white 

sand and sandstone

Limestones and calcareous clays, 

somewhat ligmtifenms

Highly fossiliferous calcareous 

clays

^2 S n Ligmtiferous sands and 

8-|£ clav?

Calcareous da>s, changing to the 

north into hgnitiferous sands and

clays

Ligmtiferous sands and dajs

Limestones and marly clays

Black laminated calcareous days

Sand, with occasional very hard 

calcareous or quartzitic layers, locally called "water rocks "

Very calcareous cla> s

White i halk

Blue calcareous clay

Ligmtiferous sands and clays

Dark calcareous clays and clayey 

limestones

Massive white limestone

, Calcareous clays, with thin beds of 

sand, gypsum, and limestones

Greatly folded, steeply inclined Paleozoic sandstones and shales

1 Water-bearing value

Seldom of value except in connection \vith the underlying Pore Hudson deposits

The sand and gravel beds of this formation beneath the 

river valleys, and generally beneath the terraces, yield 

inexhaustible supplies of water, often hard and alkaline

Of very little \ alue, except in extreme southern portion 

of this region Supplies occasional shallow wells, though 

these generally depend on the older formations

None Shallow wells in the area of the outcrop of this 

formation depend entirely on covering of surficial sand 

and gravel (Lafayette)

Contains several important horizons in central Louisiana (HeePl XXXVII, p 70)

' None

Serves in central Louisiana to retain water in underlying beds

One of the two important water-bearing formations of 

the Eocene Water-bearing sands irregularly throughout, with tlie coarser and more prolific beds at the base

Where typically developed, in central Louisiana, has 

small water-bearing value, to the north it contains several minor water-bearing horizons &

The most important water-bearing formation of the 

Eocene m this section, contains several horizons

None

Retains water in Nacatoch smid

An important horizon in southern Arkansas Yields 

soft alkaline water near outcrop and impotable water 

from 2 to 15 miles from outcrop

None'

Where porous, contains very hard water

Very little Minor water-bearing horizon 200 to 300 

feet from base

Se\eral well-dc\ eloped water horizons

None

None

An important water-bearing formation in Texas Of 

doubtful importance in southern Arkansas

Water bearing hut horizons can not be predicted because of highly disturbed character of beds

a See table of geologic history, facing p Ib

& The water-bearing sands reported in this formation in Alabama and eastern Mississippi seem to be represented in this 

egion in the water-bearing beds of the basal portion of the Cockfleld, which is a part of the Claiborne 

c Including bub-Clarksville and Woodbine sands
76 GEOLOGY AND UISTDEEGKOUISrD WATER OF LOUISIANA AISTD AEKATSTSAS.

had to be drilled to a depth of 1,100 or 1,200 feet to reach the base of the Trinity, 

the horizon reached in the Sassamen well

On the whole, the best water and most prolific yield from, this formation is to be 

expected near its base, and a deep well should not be undertaken in the area north 

of the Bingen outcrop and south of the Paleozoic rocks (PI III, in pocket) without 

planning to. push it to bed rock The depth at which bed rock will be encountered 

mayj)c roughly found by multiplying the distance in miles between the PaleozoicTrinity border (PI ITI) and the point where the well is to be sunk by the average 

rate of slope, 100 to 125 feet per mile A well at Lockesburg would have to be 

sunk about 800 to 800 feet, and one at Morris Ferry about 1,200 feet to reach the 

bottom, of the Trinity and fully determine its water possibilities, at Texarkana a 

depth of 4,000 to 5,000 feet would have to be reached, though in this case several 

water-bearing horizons would be passed through before penetrating the Trinity.

, UPPER ORKf^CEOUS HORIZONS 

BINGEN WATER SANDS.

The Bingen formation is a complex of sands and clays containing several waterbearing horizons (See PI XXXVII, sees D, E, F, H ) Because of the dense and

impervious character of the 

clays both above and below 

it, rain water can enter only 

at its outcrop In this 

respect it is like the other 

Cretaceous horizons of Arkansas, but unlike some of 

the lower Tertiary beds 

In the area of outcrop (PI. 

Ill), which is a sandy belt of country whose character has been determined by 

the undeilying sandy Cretaceous beds, there is generally no difficulty in obtaining 

abundant supplies of soft water at shallow depths, in which respect it contrasts 

sharply with the clay areas on both sides, where only hard water can be obtained 

in shallow wells, and that with difficulty

The upper part of the Bingen sand, the sub-Clarksville sand, furnishes the 

natural and, it maybe added, the most desirable water supply for all the calcareousclay regions m southern Arkansas between the Bmgen and Nacatoch outcrops 

(Pis III, XXXVIII) It dips regularly southeastward, and its occurrence may 

be confidently expected at points south of the outcrop

Although this uppermost layer is the only one which has thus far been extensively developed, the presence of lower sands in the same series has been shown in 

wells at Nashville (398), Ben Lomond (717, 723, PI XXXVII, sec F), Clarksville 

(1111-1114), and Paris, Tex (PI XXXVII, sec H) Toward Arkadelphia, where 

this formation is thm, all these water-bearing horizons merge, but to the west they 

are separated by many feet of clay

Springs The deep sand beds along the outcrop furnish the reservoir for 

numerous springs Many of these depend on the mam ground-water table rather

Fir, 22 Diagram showing main water table { nt by \nllcys and the resultant 

production of springb
UPPER CRETACEOUS HORIZONS. 77

than on' perched water tables, and so differ from the type previously explained 

(p 72, fig 19) The essential difference between springs dependent on perched 

water tables and those dependent on the mam water table is that in the first case 

the springs represent the leakage along the edge of the impervious layer which pioduces the perched water table, while in the second case they represent the leakage 

from the .top of the zone of saturation and are m no way intimately connected with 

impervious layers (fig '22)

Pressure The elevation of the outcrop of the Bingen sand in southern Arkansas 

ranges from less than 200 to about 500 feet above sea level, the average elevation 

being about 400 feet The pressure head ranges from 201 feet near Arkadelphia 

to 370 feet near the elevated outcrop in southern Pike and northern Hempstead 

counties (PI XXXIX) In the transverse valleys south of the high outcrops flowing 

wells are common, and the area in which flowing water can be obtained (PI 

XXXVIII, pocket) probably extends well down the Arkansas, Little Missouri, and 

Ouacluta valleys Two notable cases of decrease in pressure are reported (378; 

384), but they may be due to the rotting of the easing and the leakage of the water 

into the surficial beds

Quality In southern Pike, Howard, and Sevier counties, where this horizon 

has been most extensively developed, the water is generally soft and alkaline and 

greatly superior to the hard, highly mineral surface water It tends to foam in 

boilers, but does not commonly form hard scale. In noiiflowmg wells, which aie 

not cased to the water-bearing strata, the water stands in contact with the overlying 

very calcareous clays and becomes quite hard In every instance the quality of 

the water can be vastly improved by casing the wells to the bottom

Availability The only failures reported in the area underlain by the Bingen 

sands, as at Washington (356) a,nd in Little River County (445-448), have clearly 

been due to a lack of sufficient depth, the wells in several cases having been aband'oned 

]ust short of the water-bearing horizon

The potability of the water in the several Bingen sand horizons in the region 

south and southeast of the outcrop of the Naeatoeh sand (PI XXXVIII) is as yet 

problematic, though the probable depth can be indicated with a fair degree of 

accuracy The saline character of the water found at Arkadelphia (27, 73) in this 

horizon (PI XXXVII, sec G, p 70) and the brackishness observed in the wells at 

Saline Landing (404), m the southeast corner of Howard County, are regarded as 

rather unfavorable signs, and' suggest the conditions prevailing in the Naeatoeh 

sands, where fresh water is found near the outcrop and salty water at a distance of a 

fewmilea south (pp. 80-81) At Clarksville, Tex (1112,1114A), the uppermost horizon 

of the Bingen formation, the siib-Clarksville sand, has, however, yielded satisfactory 

results, and it is therefore regarded as a horizon of possible importance as a source of 

potable water to the southeast, where it should be encountered at a depth of from 

1,000 to 1,500 feet below the Naeatoeh. The uppermost Woodbine sand, which m 

northeastern Texas is 500 feet below the sub-Clarksville, yields very salty water, 

but the basal Woodbine sands, 500 feet lower still, offer better possibilities, though 

they are also likely to yield mineral water. The basal Woodbine horizon is reported 

to have yielded fresh water at Clarksville, Tex (11]4, PI XXXVII, sec. H, p. 70). 

The well at Paris, Tex , penetrated all the Woodbine sands without developing a
78 GEOLOttY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

satisfactory horizon, but Hill a has suggested that sufficient precautions were not 

taken to case off the salty water in the upper Woodbine sands, and that the quality 

of the water in the lower sands was, therefore, not satisfactorily determined.

BROWNSTOWN FORMATION.

In the Brownstown formation a stratum yielding very hard and in some cases 

bitter water is sometimes encountered at a point 100 to 200 feet above the Bingen 

sand (fig 29, p 116) The supply is limited, and wells, as a rule, should be continued 

to the Bingen sand

NACATOCH SAND.

This has been the most extensively exploited water horizon in southern 

Arkansas It outcrops but a few miles north of the Iron Mountain Railway 

(PL XXXVIII, pocket), and furnishes the most satisfactory supply for the calcareousclay lands between the Nacatoch outcrop and the sandy hills at the base of the 

Eocene (PI III, in pocket). Its extensive development has been due, not only 

to the fertility of the soil overlying it, but to the ease and cheapness with which 

wells could be completed The blue clay (Arkadelplna formation) overlying it 

does not cave and is easily worked. Below the weathered surface or cover of 

surficial deposit, which is ] 0 to 20 feet thick in the hills and may reach ] 00 feet in 

the main river bottoms, it will stand without casing and it is always possible to 

dispense with this item of cost, though to obtain the best results wells should 

be cased to the "bottom Completed wells, 3 to 4 inches in diameter, cased through 

the surface*or "caving dirt" with pine boards, cost but 18 to 50 cents per foot, and 

so are within the reach of everyone. Difficulty in sinking wells in this region has 

been experienced only in some wells in the Little Missouri and Red River bottoms, 

where the gravel filling the old river valley (pp 86-87) has proved troublesome

'One result of the cheapness and ease with which water can be obtained in 

this area, and the fact that it will flow over wide areas (PI XXXVIII, in 

pocket), has been to encourage a very wasteful development. Wells have been 

bored and abandoned and the water allowed to run to waste. The result of this 

has been that the demand has exceeded the supply and over wide areas the water 

head is lowering (582) North of Prescott this loss in head has amounted to 7 feet 

in seventeen years (574), and, it will constantly increase One effect of this will 

be to materially lessen the areas in which flowing water can be obtained. (PL 

XXXVIII.) The only remedy is the prevention of needless waste and a greater 

economy in the matter of wells

Springs Along the outcrop of the Nacatoch sand springs are more numerous 

than in the clay region on either side, because of the greater depth of the sand 

beds which supply them

Pressure As has been explained (p 73), the pressure in the water-bearing 

sand depends on the height of the ground-water table at the outcrop less the losses 

by resistance and leakage. The height of the outcrop of the Nacatoch sand is 153 

feet in the bed of Ouachita River at Arkadelphia, 178 feet in the bed of Little 

Missouri .River near Boughton, 217 feet in the beds of Little and Red rivers near

a Twenty-first Ann Rept U S Guol Survey, pt 7, 1901, p C30
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO.46 PL.XXXI*.

R.3IW. R.3OW. R.29W. 94 R.28W. R.27 W. R.26W. R.25W. R.2AW. R. 23 W. R.22W. R.2IW. R.2OW. R.I9W.

R.30W. R.29 W R28W84C R.26W. R.25 W. R.24 W. R.23 W. R.22W. R.2I W. R.20W. R.I9W.

LEGEND

Water level in feet above 

sea level in Bingen sand 

wells

MAP OF SOUTHERN ARKANSAS SHOWING VARIATIONS IN HEAD OF \VATER 

INNACATOCH AND UPPER BINGEN SANDS

ByA.C.Veatch

Surveyed iti 19O2

Scale

3O tciiles

CONTOUR INTERVAL IOO FEET

19O5

lanes of equal head in. 

Nacatoch sand

JULIUS6IEN A CO.NY
UPPER CRETACEOUS HORIZONS. 79

Fulton, Ark., over 400 feet on the divide between Red and Little Missouri rivers, 

and 300 feet north of Gurdon.. (PI. XXXVIII.) The effect of these varying elevations in the source is to give rise to greatly differing heads in wells not far apart. 

Thus water in the Nacatoch sand will rise to over 300 feet near the high outcrops 

between Little Missouri River and Terre Rouge (Creek and between Terre Rouge 

Creek and Red River, but near the low points in the outcrops along these streams 

it will stand at a much lower, level. Water that falls on these high places along 

the .outcrop moves not only down the dip southward, but laterally toward the low 

cuts along the streams, where a portion of the water goes to increase the stream 

flow. This change in head parallel to the outcrop is shown by the following table 

giving the elevations to which water from the Nacatoch sand will rise along the 

Iron Mountain Railway.

Variation in pressure head of water from the Nacatoch sand along the Iron Mountain Railway.

Elevation above sea level to which water will rise (feet). 

Texarkana......................................................... '.268

Clipper Spur....................................................... 251

Fulton............................................................. 260

Guernsey.......................................................... 290

' Hope............................................................... 286

Enimct............................................................ 268

Prcscott........................................................... 275

Boughton.......................................................... 233

Britts............................................................. 208+ .

Beirne............................................................. 209

Gurdon......... ................................................... 210

Curtis.............................................................. 190

Arkadelphia.....:.................................................. 190

Besides these variations due to the differences in the heights of the outcrops, 

there is also, in passing down the dip, or southward, a loss of head, due to the 

fineness of the spaces between the sand grains through which the water moves. 

This is indicated in a north-south line just west of Hope, where the pressure head 

decreases from' 328 to 277 feet in 10 miles. Three miles north of Prescott a head 

of 328 feet is attained, while 10 miles south at Laiiesburg the head is only 258 feet. 

The fundamental principle of artesian flow is rather clearly understood by the people 

throughout this region, but few have appreciated the cause of these changes in head. 

In general, the popular statement is that "as water will rise to its source, therefore 

the water throughout this region from the same bed will rise to the same elevation." 

It is apparently not appreciated that the elevation of the "source" of this water 

varies with the elevation of the land, and is therefore a changing quantity, and 

while the elevation of the outcrop on a divide may be 400 feet, in a near-by stream 

it may be only 200 feet above sea level.

An interesting case of extreme variation in the hydraulic prcssuere is found 

along Garland Creek near. Prescott, Ark. This creek valley begins near/the outcrop of the Nacatoch sand at an elevation of 350 to 400 feet above sea level, and 

after a southward bend turns toward the point where the outcrop crosses the Little 

Missouri bottoms at an elevation of less than 200 feet above sea level. The pressure, therefore, decreases from 317 feet above sea level at the Nelson well to 233
80 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

feet at Boughton (fig. 23). The decrease of pressure and the rate of fall of the creek 

are not exactly the same, and the irregular variation of these two curves gives rise 

to several disconnected artesian areas.

Wells near the points where the outcrop of the Nacatoch sand crosses the 

larger rivers fluctuate with the stage of the river. (See well 203.) In some cases 

this is due to the fact that the height of the point of discharge for the water moving 

laterally from the high points in the outcrop along the divide changes with any

Approximate outcrop Artesian Flowing wells Nonflowing Water-head in 

ot Nacatoch sand areas wells feet above sea level

FIG. 23. Map of region near Prescott, Ark.,showing variation in head of water in the Nacatoch sand.

variation in the height of the river. In other cases it is due to a plastic deformation 

of the strata, due to the varying head of the river waters.

Quality. The Nacatoch sand, like the sub-Clarksville sand, yields a soft 

alkaline water whose total mineral content varies considerably from place to place. 

Where allowed to stand in contact with the overlying blue clays, as it does in the 

majority of nonflowing domestic wells, which are cased only through the layer 

of "caving dirt," generally 30 or 40 feet thick, it becomes quite hard; but in 

freely flowing wells and in wells which are cased to the bottom it is soft. It has
EOCENE HORIZOWS. 81

been used with success for locomotive boilers at Guernsey (244), but at Gurdon 

was unsatisfactory because of its pronounced tendency to foam (84). The Gurdon 

water has, however, been successfully used in the boilers of the large mill at that 

place. South of an irregular line 2 to 15 miles from the outcrop it becomes too 

salty to use. Apparently the soluble salts have been dissolved and carried down 

by the continual inflow of rain water, and so the beds have been leached near 

the outcrop and the salts concentrated at a greater or less distance from it. The 

line between fresh and salt water is often very sharp, as in the Monkern wells at 

Curtis (54) where, from the same horizon, fresh water is obtained in one well and 

salt water in another not 200 feet away.

Availability. This increase in the saltiness destroys the economic value of a 

very widely developed and persistent sand, except in the limited region relatively 

near the outcrop. This horizon has yielded impotable salty water at Texarkana 

(478) and artesian salt water at Shreveport (806) and Frierson (871). It is believed 

to be the source of the salt water in the numerous salines in northern Louisiana 

(Pis. Ill, in pocket; XXXVII, sec. E, p. 70) and some of the salt water found in 

the lower Eocene strata (p. 83). Wells in the region of the Tertiary strata must 

therefore obtain their' supply from the superficial or Tertiary water sands, or pass 

through the Nacatoch in an attempt to develop the sub-Clarksville, Woodbine, 

or lower Cretaceous horizons. (PI. XXXVII, sec. H.)

EOCENE IIOKIZONS.

The underground water conditions in the Eocene beds in southern Arkansas 

and northern Louisiana are in some respects quite different from those in the 

Cretaceous. The sandy water-bearing beds in the Cretaceous are fixed between 

two impervious strata; thus the Nacatoch sand is overlain by the very dense 

Arkadelphia clay and underlain by the Marlbrook, and water can enter only at the 

outcrop of the sand. This condition is shown in fig. 21, p. 74. These clay beds 

are firm and do not cave readily, and so are easy material in which to sink wells. 

On the other hand, in the Eocene beds below the Jackson and north of the region 

in central Louisiana, where the lower part of the Claiborne formation is a relatively 

.impervious calcareous clay, there are no'well-defined persistent clay layers. The 

whole series is predominantly sandy, and rain water is relatively free to penetrate 

the beds at any point. This condition is of great economic importance, because 

it greatly increases the catchment area, and thus makes possible a much more extensive development of the Eocene water sands in southern and southwestern Arkansas; 

northern and northwestern Louisiana, and northeastern Texas than would otherwise 

be feasible. It is of economic importance in another way, in that the beds cave 

more readily than the Cretaceous beds, and so make the sinking of wells more 

difficult and uncertain and therefore more expensive.

The head in this case depends ultimately not on the height of .the ground-water 

table at the outcrop, but on the height near the well (fig. 24), and is thus controlled 

more by the immediate topography than by that at some more distant outcrop. An 

extreme and conclusive example of this condition is shown by the height of th,e 

water in the deep wells at Bolinger (782) and Antrim, La. (776), 269 and 249 feet,
82 G-EOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

respectively (PI. XL). The water-bearing sands developed in these wells outcrop 

35 or 40 miles north in Arkansas and 100 miles west in Texas, though the Arkansas 

outcrop probably should not be considered, because it is separated from the wells 

by a fault Between the wells and the Texas outcrops is a string of wells developing 

the same horizon, along Red River Valley, in which the water rises to heights 

ranging from 170 to 206 feet above sea level. Clearly the head can not come from 

that direction. Between these wells and the Arkansas outcrops is a well at Frostville in which the water rises to 219 feet and one at Taylor where the head is 

230 feet. At no point to the east or south does the water from the Sabine sands 

rise as high as in the Bolinger and Antrim wells. This is clearly an isolated area of 

greater head in the Sabine sand, which is due to the greater height of the water table 

in the isolated hill mass in which it is situated Another effect of this dependence 

of the head on the height of the ground-water table in the immediate vicinity is 

that the head decreases with depth. This is due to loss in transmission downward 

through the very fine sands, and in this respect is identical with the conditions on

i

FIG 24 Diagram showing water conditions in the lower Eocene strata in northwestern Louisiana, and southern Arkansas. 

The beds are predominantly sandy, with irregular discontinuous clay masses, water is relatively free to pass to any 

part of tho Ifeds, and the hydraulic head depends on the local position of the ground-water table rather than on its 

position at the outciop of the water-bearing beds %

Long Island, New York ° Thus the heads of the water in the different sands 

encountered in the well of the Red River Lumber Company near New Lewisville 

are 244, 232, 230, and 222 feet; in the Frostville well, 219, 215, and 200 feet; in the 

Spring Hill well, 221 and 207 feet, and in the Minden wells, 182 and 164 feet

It sometimes happens that local clay layers permit the transmission of a high 

pressure from a lull-land area underneath a lower region and so produce conditions 

favorable for flowing wells. In such cases it is possible to have a flowing well 

without any inclination of tho beds and with a lower elevation at the outcrop of 

the water-bearing strata than at tho point where the flowing well is obtained. 

(See well at left of fig. 24 ) Such artesian wells are developed at Missionary (803) 

and Boloyn, La. (901), and the artesian wells of the Eocene present .all gradations 

from this type to a close approximation to those of the Cretaceous region (pp. 73-74; 

%. 21).___________________________________________________

«Prof Paper U S Oeol Survey No 44, 1006, pp 67-68
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XL

94'

33 33'

94°

Scale 

10 20 30 miles

BOKMAV & CO..H.r.

Elevation to which water will rise, 

in feet above sea level.

Approximate lines 

of equal head.

MAP SHOWING VARIATION !N HEAD OF WATER IN THE SABiNE SANDS IN NORTHWESTERN LOUISIANA AND

SOUTHWESTERN ARKANSAS.

1393 No. 46 06 7 By A. C. Veatch, 1903.
EOCENE HORIZONS. 83

In general, in the water-logged beds of the Eocene the successful development 

of a well depends on finding a bed coarse enough to act as a large natural horizontal 

strainer and so aid in removing the water in the adjoining finer beds. The sandy 

beds in the Eocene change greatly in thickness and physical character in short 

distances, but the development has clearly shown that sand beds .of economic 

importance for well purposes are more likely to be encountered in certain positions 

than in .others, and that while such beds may be encountered at any point in the 

Eocene strata the chances of developing a satisfactory well are much greater along 

certain fairly well-defined horizons. It is these lines of greater probability that 

form the Eocene water horizons, and it is on them that predictions are based.

The most important of these horizons are those occurring (1) in the Sabine 

and, farther north, near the base of the undifferentiated Eocene into which it grades, 

and (2) near the base of the Cockfield and in the upper part of the undifferentiated 

Eocene into which it also merges. Where the beds between the Midway and Jackson 

become very sandy in the upper Mississippi embayment, as shown in the Memphis 

well (PI. XXXVII, sec. A, p. 70), these horizons merge, but farther south the clay 

layers increase in importance and separate them widely.

SABINE WATER SANDS.

The main Sabine water horizons, as developed in northern Louisiana (PI. 

XXXVII, sees. B, C, D, E, F, p. 70), occur from 100 to 200 feet below the lower 

Claiborne. To the south, where the formation thickens considerably, the waterbearing sands increase in number and are fairly uniformly distributed throughout 

the Sabine (PI. XXXVII, sees. E, F). In Arkansas a group of horizons is found 

in the Sabine at New Lewisville and Stamps, though only the upper ones, near the 

Claiborne, are generally developed. This horizon continues in the Mississippi 

Valley, where it has been successfully developed in many wells.

Pressure. As has been explained above (p. 82), the pressure in the Sabine 

sands in the area in which this formation outcrops, and where it is covered by but 

a thin layer of the Claiborne formation, varies almost directly with the local topography or the local position of the main ground-water table. Here artesian wells 

are of local and more or less accidental occurrence. To the -south and east, where 

these sands become embedded beneath the more impervious beds of the lower 

Claiborne, artesian conditions are developed which are uniform over considerable 

areas (PI. XLI, in pocket). Along the Mississippi flood plain the head is greater 

on the east than on the west, as the hill land in northern Mississippi is uniformly 

higher than that in Arkansas and northern Louisiana, which is deeply trenched 

by Ouachita and Red rivers.

Quality. Water' from the Sabine horizons is commonly soft and somewhat 

alkaline. Like some of the Cretaceous waters, it tends to, collect soluble salts 

and is more highly mineral in deep than in shallow wells. In Sabine Parish (966, 

969) the deep waters are somewhat mineral. At Natchitoches (909, 911) and 

Luella (906) they' are so highly charged with salt that they can not be used. This 

is due perhaps to brine which has leaked from the Cretaceous domes to the north. 

The area in which the water in the Sabine sands has been rendered impotable 

in this way. has not been determined, but it probably includes southwest Bien-
84 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ville, eastern Red River, Natchitoches, with the possible exception of the west 

central portion, southern Winn, aiid central and western Grant parishes. At 

Monroe the water is so mineral that it is only occasionally used in the city waterworks, though extensively employed for industrial purposes At Delhi and Vicksburg the water, though artesian, is very alkaline, and this condition probably affects 

a large part of the Mississippi Valley in Louisiana east of Ouachita River. Brine 

has been obtained in this horizon at Crossett, Ark (well 6, PI. XXXVII, sec. B), but 

all other developments in Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi, as at Wilmar 

(151) and Pine Bluff, Ark (410-415), and Indianola (1030), Ittabena (1022), 

Greenwood (1018, 1020, 1021), O'Reilly (1005), Cleveland (1003-1004), Tchula 

(1012-1015), and Yazoo City, Miss. (1048), have yielded potable water

Availability In the area which is underlain by the Sabme and the corresponding undifferentiated Eocene horizons (PI XLI) these water-bearing sands 

may, in general, be said to bo available at any point. Wells at Waldo (141) and 

near Bearden (628), while both developing water at the proper depths, are regarded 

as failures, the first because the supply did not seem sufficient and the second 

because the sand was so very fine that it easily passed through the strainers The 

water was, moreover, very alkaline It is felt, however, because of the great irregularity of the Eocene beds that these occurrences are essentially local and do not 

prove that a good well could not be developed at the same horizon 10 or 20 miles 

away. The only factor greatly restricting the development of these horizons is that 

imposed by the quality of the water in the areas near the domes

WATER-BEARING VALUE OF CLAIBORNE (LOWER) FORMATION.

In central Louisiana the fossihferous Claiborne is a calcareous clay having 

no water-bearing value To the north, however, it merges into hgnitiferous sands 

and clays, and occasionally water-bearing strata are developed, as at Ruston and 

Arcadia, La. (PI XXXVII, sec. I, p. 70) Along Mississippi River in Arkansas 

and Mississippi occasional horizons are developed in the undifferentiated Eocene 

in beds which are the stratigraphic equivalents of this part of the Claiborne (PI. 

XXXVII, sees A, H), but the more important and persistent horizons are in the 

overlying Cockfield, which is of Claiborne age, though separated iif central Louisiana 

because of hthologic differences.

In the regions marked fossihferous Claiborne on the geologic map (PI III, 

in pocket) it will generally be advisable to continue wells to the Sabme water 

sands.

COCKFIELD WATER SANDS.

In central Louisiana the basal layers of the Cockfield member of the Claiborne are sandy, and where penetrated, except at Delhi, La , and Vicksburg, Miss , 

have yielded water (PI. XLII, in pocket) As a rule, the water in the deeper 

wells, as at Leland (855), Rochelle (881), Olla (856-857), Tullos (861), and Colfax 

(877), is impotable, though an exception is to be noted in the case of the deep 

well at Robinsons Ferry, on Sabme River (1120), in which a soft, pleasant-tasting 

water is reported at a depth of 1,010 to 1,030 feet Near the outcrop successful 

wells have been finished at Clarks (PI XXXVII, sec. B) and at Weaver
 EOCENE HORIZONS. 85

Spur (PI. XXXVII, sec. E), and a successful well could doubtless be finished 

at Montrose, Natchitoches Parish, by going about 100 feet deeper than the well 

abandoned (PI. XXXVII, sec. E). (

In southern Arkansas and Mississippi, north of the Red River-Alabama Landing 

fault, a water horizon in the upper part of the undifferentiated Eocene, in about 

the same stratigraphic position as the basal Cockfield horizon, is very widely and 

extensively developed (Pis. XXXVII, sees. A, B, G, H, K; XLII). Between it 

and the base of the Jackson a number of water sands have been developed in different wells, but they show little regularity, and the better wells have almost without 

exception been finished in the main horizon.

Pressure. The outcrops of the Cockfield and corresponding' undifferentiated 

Eocene water sands in Arkansas and Louisiana are all relatively low, and the 

water will generally not rise much over 100 feet above sea level, except in elevated 

regions where the head is dependent on the local height of the ground-water table. 

Flowing wells from this horizon will be obtained along the main stream channels 

in central Louisiana (PI. XLII). In Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi the 

artesian area is near the eastern side of the flood plain, where a relatively higher 

head is possible because of the greater average height of the Mississippi hill lands. 

Water from these horizons will rise very near the surface over all the flood plain, 

but in Arkansas it is regarded as quite improbable that flowing wells will be obtained.

Quality. In central Louisiana the water of this horizon is generally impotable except near the outcrop. West of Red River, as indicated by the Robinsons 

Ferry well (1120), water of good quality may be expected much deeper in the embed. 

Indeed, it is believed that in the section west of Red River the quality of the deep 

water will generally be better in this horizon than in the underlying Sabine.

In southern Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi no impotable water has 

been reported at this horizon in any wells except at Crossett, Ark. (6). As a rule 

the water from the basal layers is soft and more or less alkaline. At Empire (26) 

the water is so alkaline that it can not be used in boilers; but at Blissville (145), 

Greenville (1039), Arkansas City (143), Monticello (148-150), and Wilmar (153) 

'good boiler water has been obtained. The water from the beds just below the 

Jackson, as at Warren (14-19), is generally hard, and better water can be obtained 

by deepening the wells.

Availability-. The water sands of the basal Cockfield are relatively very 

persistent. They may be confidently expected in eastern Arkansas and northwestern Mississippi at depths not greatly exceeding those indicated on PI. XLII 

(in pocket). Failures have been relatively few, those at Rison (133) and Thornton (23) being the most noteworthy; but these are entirely surrounded by successful wells and so represent only .local variations. The area affected by the 

impotable sulphur water encountered at this horizon in the Crossett well (6, PL 

1 XXXVII, sec. B) is probably not large, as is indicated by successful wells 

at Warren (19), Monticello'(148-150), Dermott (24), Blissville (145), and Greenville (1039).

In Louisiana the development of this horizon is probably limited to wells 

near the outcrop and west of Ouachita River (Pis. Ill, XLII)." On Sabine River
86 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

the dip of the strata will make the depth prohibitive at any great distance from 

the outcrop Between Red and Ouachita rivers development is restricted by the 

mineral water in the embed, and east of Ouachita River the absence of this horizon 

in the Delhi and Vicksburg wells suggests that ,it is of minor importance in that 

section

OLIGOCENE HORIZONS 

CATAHODXA WATER SANDS.

The sand and sandstone beds occurring through the Catahoula formation form 

a very important group of horizons which have been developed in central Louisiana 

at Fernday, Harnsonburg, Pollock, Alexandria, Boyce, and Zimmerman (Pis. 

XXXVII, sees A, B, C, E, XLIII)

Pressure The head in the Catahoula sand, except possibly in the unexplored 

region in Vernon Parish, is seldom over 100 feet above sea level Flowing wells 

may be developed in the flood plain southeast of the high hills in Catahoula Parish 

and along Little, Red, and Sabine rivers (PI XLIII)

Quality. In central Louisiana the water is commonly soft and slightly alkaline 

and is, perhaps, the best of the Tertiary waters In the basal layers, however, 

the water is in two cases salty at Boyce (943) and at Fcrriday (867) 'Whether 

these occurrences are due to soluble salts in the strata themselves or to brine which 

has leaked from near-by Cretaceous domes is not known, but it is probably the latter.

Availability Successful wells may be expected 111 most of the regions south 

of the Catahoula outcrop (PI XLIII), and wells should not be abandoned until 

they have reached the depth indicated Thus the Pickermg well (981) is believed 

to have been a failure because it did not go deep enough, the chances of developing 

a successful well at that point at a depth of 1,200 feet or less below sea level are 

regarded as extremely good

WATERS IN THE SURFICIAL SANDS AND GRAVELS 

LAFAYETTE AND PORT HUDSON

The irregular beds of late Tertiary and Quaternary sands and gravels which 

cover the older Tertiary and Cretaceous beds throughout this region are of varying 

value as water carriers. As a rule, however, the surficial deposits are in the hills 

of relatively limited and local importance, while under the large river valleys and 

portions of the accompanying terraces they contain very large supplies

The deposits in the hill lands often produce perched water tables (p 72), 

which supply domestic wells and sometimes springs This supply is generally 

small and readily exhausted, and the most successful wells and the larger springs 

depend on the sandy Tertiary and Cretaceous beds rather than on these surficial 

deposits

Along the main river valleys, however, where these sands and gravels were 

concentrated in early Quaternary and Port Hudson time, large quantities of water 

can generally be obtained (PI XLIV,' in pocket) In the flood plains limited 

supplies can be obtained from driven wells (p 94) of no great depth, but where 

large supplies are needed wells should be pushed to the main gravel beds which
I

K

ss

COo

vU _ c *£ ~< >>

m r-**

'< . ' '4.

- <M cc -: ^ B 3S

"45

3

'X

HI

n oo

COn

nCOen

n3!

JW

DEPTHS OF BASE OF CATAHOUUA FORMATION

o 3.» n^igtm3 ^P-I I in § iinl r m om

2 D
MINERAL SPRINGS AND MINERAL WATEES. 87

overlie the older Tertiary and Cretaceous strata These can be reached at depths 

of from 75 to 150 feet

Pressure. The water head of these beds varies directly with the topography 

and the height of the water in the adjoining waterways. Flowing wells are not 

to be expected, but the water in the bottom lands will in all cases rise relatively 

near the surface and, because of the large supply and the coarseness of the waterbearing beds, will not be lowered readily by pumping

Quality Where large supplies can be obtained the water is mineral in character; 

in regions where the older deposits are very calcareous, as in the greater part of 

the Cretaceous and parts of the Claibornc and Jackson beds, the water is of very 

h 1 Ae value, but where the underlying beds contain less mineral matter the water is 

of better quality and affords the most available supply over wide areas In general 

the mineral content is higher in the water from these gravels than 111 the neighboring 

surface streams, but the percentage of sediment is much less

MINERAL SPRINGS AND MINERAL WATERS.

 The rain water in passing through the ground tends to dissolve a portion of 

the soluble salts contained in the strata through which it passes Thus all spring 

and well waters contain a greater or less amount of mineral matter in solution 

Sometimes the dissolved minerals have a medicinal value, or; the water is of so 

great relative purity that its use is recommended and the springs or wells are 

developed commercially

Throughout Louisiana and the Coastal Plain of southern Arkansas there are 

many "mineral" springs and wells Some contain a very great amount of mineral 

matter in solution, and such waters should be used with great caution and only on the 

prescription of a competent physician The water from all these springs is of local 

origin It represents ram water which has fallen within a mile, or at most 4 or 5 

miles, of the spring, and the greatest care must therefore be taken to see that the 

water is not polluted with harmful organic waste. Springs in large towns or other 

places so situated that they may receive either directly or indirectly the drainage of 

houses, barns, and outhouses should be carefully avoided, for if not polluted they 

are likely to be polluted at any time In general, water from springs in any town 

or community of some size in this region is to be regarded with suspicion

At several points in northern Louisiana and in the Coastal Plain of southern 

Arkansas attempts have been made to develop the spring waters From many 

springs the waters are used locally and in a few cases, notably that of the Arkansas 

Litlua Spring near Hope, water has been shipped for some distance The yield ofthe Coastal Plain springs is usually quite small, and this has been an important 

factor in restricting their development Indeed, it is felt that if any large mineralwater developments are to be made in the Coastal Plain portion of this section, 

they will have to depend on well rather than spring waters
GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF ^OUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

The following table shows some of the springs which have been partially 

developed, arranged alphabetically by counties

Partial list of mineral springs in the Coastal Plain itrata of southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana

ARKANSAS

No»

1

2

12

13

20A

22

51

72

105

126A

136

138

142A

164

254A

340

343

394

415B

415C

435

441

459

491

695

712-713

741

745B

County

Arkansas

.. ..do ..

Bradley..

do.

Calhoun . .

.. .do ..

Clark .

.. do.

..do .

. do. . ..

Cleveland.

Columbia .

do ...

Dallas.... . .

Hempstead.

..do

..do ...

.. .do... . . 

.. .do..

Howard... .

Jefferson.. .

.do. . .

Little River. .

do .

Miller. . .

..do 6 ..

Nevada.

Pike ... .

Sevier

do

Union.. ..

Location and name

La Gruc Springs. ... ...

Cold Spring ...

"Sulphur Springs 1 '. ... . .

Leag's Mineral Springs.

NearHopowell . .

Little Bay, Double MmeralSprmg.

Clrar Springs . .

Curtis . .

Da,lnville, Salt Springs .... . .

Hollywood . . .

Gum Springs ...

Macedonia

Mllner, Magnesia Springs

Pnncetoii, Mattocks Springs.

Dotson, Long Spring . . .

Hirkory Crerk, Sulphur Springs. .

Hope, Arkansas Lithia Springs 

Co

Hope, Lithia well . . . 

Shover Springs ..

Mineral Springs

Pine Bluff, Lc>es Springs . .

White Sulphur Springs .

Cerro Oordo, Salt Springs .

Coleboro, Salt Springs .

Crank, Magnesia Springs .

Texarkana, Ohio Springs

Clayton .

Muzfreepboro

Ben Lomond, north of, Salt 

Springs

Chapel Hill, Salt Springs .

Blanchard Springs.

Charactel of water

......

Alkaline, sulphur

Magnesia..

Sulphur, iron .. .. .

Soft, pure .

Iron, sulphur, lithia.

Sulphureted, saline.

Brine. . .

Saline . .

Sulphureted... .

Saline, Sulphureted

Magnesia

Sulphureted . . .

Iron, hthia.

Alkaline, iron.

Salt.. ....

.do

Soft, pure .. .

Saline, chalybeate

Saline

Saline

Saline, sulphureted .

Remarks

Noted for medicinal properties

Used locally

Usedcornmerciallypnortothewar.

Local resort Camp ground

Many mineral wells

Local resort Camp ground.

Local resort

"Local resort Smallimprovements, 

Limited amount of water 

shipped

Limited amount of water shipped, 

Noted for medicinal qualities.

Many large springs

Local resort

Do

Water sold locally fordnnkmgpurposes (See p 26J )

"Sour spring "

a See Chapter V & Springs are in Bowie County, Tex 

LOUISIANA

771

772

814

861

862

863

871A

888

900

Bienville. .

. .do...

Caddo

.. do .

Catahoula

. . do

Claiborne

DeSoto.. .

Lincoln

Natchitoches . .

Kings Salt Works, Salt Springs .

Ray hum Salt Works, Salt Spring

Shreveport, Currie Springs

Shreveport, Mineral WelLs.

TuIIos, Castor Salt Springs.

White Sulphur Springs . . .

Lisbon, 6 miles east of

Grand Cane Mineral Springs ....

Ruston, Louisiana Chautauq.ua -

Alien.. ...

Brmo

do . .

Soft .

.

Saline ...

Iron... ...

-do .

Sold locally lor drinking purposes.

Sold locally for medicinal purposes.

Local resort, largely patronized

before the war

Local resort

Local resort, with improvements.
HYGIENIC VALUE OF DEEP-WELL WATERS. 89

Partial list of mineral springs in the Coastal Plain strata of southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana Cont'd.

LOUISIANA Continued

Noo

912

913

914

915 

916

958

982

984

984A

994

995

County

Natchitoches

.do. ..

.do .... .

do . 

.do.. .

Red River.. . .

. .do .. .

....do... .. .

. .do. ... ..

Wmn...

do .....

Location and name

Natchitoches, Fourth of July 

Spring

Natchitoches, Iron Springs..

Natchitoches,Brca7eale Springs.

Natchitoches, Sulphur Springs .

Coushatta, 10 miles east of . ..

Spring

Negreet Salt Springs .... . .

Dubberly, Valentine Springs

Mmden, Long Springs. ....

Drakes Salt Works, Salt Springs

Prices Salt Works, Salt Springs..

Character of water

Iron

Saline .

Brine ..... 

... .do .....

Sulphureted.

Iron.

Brine. . ..

.do. ..

Remarks

Local resort

Do

ments

Noted locality for medicinal purposes

Local resort

a See Chapter V 

HYGIENIC VALUE OF DEEP-WELL, WATERS.

The relatively porous character of the Tertiary beds in northern Louisiana and 

southern Arkansas and the irregularity of these beds render surface wells particularly liable to pollution. Even in thinly settled regions the domestic wells are 

always near the house and barns and the drainage from the barn lot and outhouses 

goes more or less directly into them. It is extremely essential in shallow wells that 

there be an impervious cover to divert this refuse, and from the very nature of most 

of the shallow wells in this region such a covering is seldom present. When the 

houses are in groups, as in towns and villages, the danger increases at a very rapid 

rate. As a rule deep-well waters, where the mineral content is not excessive, are 

much to be preferred to water from shallow surface wells. An exact quantitative 

statement of the relative value is particularly difficult because of the impossibility 

of obtaining complete information. However, in order to obtain some idea of the 

effect of the use of deep-well waters a circular letter was sent to persons at points 

where deep wells had been used for some time. This letter asked the following 

questions: "What was the relative amount of sickness before and after the use of 

deep-well water ? In your town how does the general health of the people who use 

deep-well water compare with that of those who do not ? How does the general 

health of your community compare with other places similarly situated, but where 

the people use shallow-well water?"

Definite replies to this letter were received from Pine Bluff, Ark , and Ruston, 

Spring Hill, Zimmerman, and Boyce, La

Pine Bluff, Ark. The data at this point refer to the effect of the water from 

wells 800 to 900 feet deep, supplied by the Sabme water sand (PI. XXXVII, sec. B, 

p 70), on the employees of the St Louis Southwestern Railway in the Pine Bluff 

shops Previous to the sinking of the wells in 1897 and 1899 (410-411) the water 

supply was from shallow wells. Mr. R. M. Galbraith, formerly general master
90 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

mechanic of the Pine Bluff shops and now president of the Cotton Belt Trust and 

Savings Company at Pine Bluff, made the following statement in October, 1902.

Before the deep wells were completed 40 to 50 of the 437 men employed in th'e shop were on the sick list 

during the summer Aftei the deep-well water was used there was practically none on the sick list

Ruston, La City waterworks were installed in this place in 1900-1901 The 

supply is from a well (890) 425 feet deep, which obtains its supply from the Sabine 

sands and from a thin bed in the lower Claiborne (PL XXXVII, sees C, I) Dr. 

R F Harrell reports under date of November 17, 1902-

There has been a very noticeable decrease in the number of cases of malanal sickness where the people 

confine themselves to the use of hydrant water Of the 3,500 people in Euston it is estimated thA 945 aie 

using deep-well watei We had 51 cases of typhoid fever here this yeai, and not one has occuired in families 

where the people have used deep-well water altogether

Spnng Hill, La The supply here is from the Sabine sands from a depth of 

228 to 270 feet (989) The local manager of the Pine Woods Lumber Company 

writes

The geueial health of our people has been immensely improved since \ve have used the deep-well water 

entirely for dunking purposes 111 the mills If we could compel our employees to umveisally use it we could 

fui ther decrease the sickness The petcentage of sickness here it, much less than in the surrounding camps 

and rarms

Zimmermaii, La Drinking water for the large mill at this point is supplied by 

a flowing well 175 feet deep, which is supplied by one of the Catahoula sands (956). 

The mill is situated on an old cut-off lake of Red River into which the sawdust and 

waste is dumped, and on the whole the conditions are not very inviting Mr. J. A. 

Bentley, president of the J A. Bentley Lumber Company, which operates this mill, 

reported November 10, 1902

Before we had the aitesian well the sickness among oui people at Zimmerman was quite discouraging, 

but since we have put in the well chills and fevers have almost entirely disappeared The comparative amount 

of sickness before the well was put down was ten sick to one now ,

Dr J. H Reagan, resident physician for the Bentley Lumber Company, both 

before and after the well was sunk, reports

Before the well was put down malaria was very prevalent There was much more sickness in Zimmerman 

than in the high pine-coveicd lulls to the south After the well was put down we had at least 30 or 40 per 

cent less sickness than previously I had no typhoid and veiy few cases of continual fever among the people 

at Zimmerman, and almost my entire piaotice was in the neighboring hill legion, wheie the people depended 

on surface water My conversation with neighboring physicians and people from adjoining towns elicited the 

fact that much fever existed when Zimmerman was comparatively immune

Boyce, La. The water for the town and shops of the Texas and Pacific Railway 

at this point is supplied from a number of artesian wells (942-946), generally about 

300 feet deep, which obtain their supply from the Catahoula beds (PL XXXVII, 

sec C) Mr H A Boyce reports regarding this locality

To my ceitain knowledge the health of Boyce has been greatly benefited by the use of artesian water 

Referring your letter to our two physicians, Doctor Scwell and Doctor Texada, both stated the same They 

have been practicing here only since the wells were bored, but from information from former physicians have 

no hesitancy in saying that sickness has decreased at least 50 per cent Formerly there was considerable 

typhoid fever, now there is rarely a case Doctor Sewell, who has been here three years, says he has had four 

cases of typhoid fever in Boyce during that time All four cases were in one family, who used only cistern
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT. 91

water Doctor Texada, who has been here about the same time, has had three eases two at a house where 

cistern watei was used, not certain about the other They both agree that while theie has, been very little 

sickness in Boyee this year, and no typhoid fever, there has been considerable sickness, and many cases of 

typhoid fever in the surrounding country where cistern and surface waters are used They attribute the 

health of the town to the use of artesian water, foi sanitary regulations are no better now than formerly 

There has been no sickness among lailroad employees this year

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT.

The pioneer development of the deep-well waters in northern Louisiana and 

southern Arkansas was in the Cretaceous region of southwestern Arkansas Here 

in the fertile black lands there was no other available supply and the geologic 

conditions were such that deep wells could be easily and cheaply sunk Many 

such wells were completed before the war, and since that time necessity a.nd low 

cost have combined to make the development very actrs^e

In the Tertiary region, on the other hand, where water could generally be 

obtained m shallow wells at any point, the necessity of developing the deep supply 

was not evident Moreover, the difficulty of sinking such wells was greater than in 

the Cretaceous region and the cost therefore higher In the Tertiary hill country 

the low value of the laud and the absence of large industries prohibited very great 

expenditures for wells, and in the alluvial regions, where land values were higher, 

abundant water supplies could be obtained from the Port Hudson sands and gravels 

at depths ranging from a few to 150 feet (pp 86-87) Within the last fifteen years, 

however, many factors have combined to change this condition The wealth of 

the country, which has been slowly accumulating since the civil war, has become 

sufficient to justify expenditures for deep wells at plantations and cotton gins m 

many and widely separated places, ice factories have been established at many 

points, and compresses, cotton-oil mills, and cotton factories requiring large 

quantities of water have been erected In the towns the rapid development has 

increased the fire risk and started the demand for waterworks, and the education 

of the people regarding the relation of water and drainage to health has aroused 

a demand for pure water Of the waterworks thus far established, five in northern 

Louisiana and six in southern Arkansas depend entirely on underground water, 

and one in northern Louisiana and two in southern Arkansas depend in part on 

underground water, as shown m the table bclov/ Finally, with the great extension 

of the railroads, the rapid exhaustion of white-pine lumber in the Northern States, 

and the greater demand for building materials from all sources, large mills have 

been erected at many points throughout this region These mills, demanding 

an abundant and steady water supply, have been a most important factor in the 

development of the deep-well waters in the Tertiary beds of Louisiana and 

Arkansas
92 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Waterworks of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, 1004 

I ,

Number of 

well a

948

988

noq

890

24

321-322 

ids

580

478-479

Name ol town

Minden, La

Ruston, La.

West Monroo, La.

Hope, Ark. ... . ... 

Hot Springs, Ark. ..... . ... 

Little Kock, Ark . . .

Ownership

.. .do ......

. do .... 

... do .

.do .....

do ...

Municipal... 

do . . ....

.. do.. .. .....

.do .......... ....

.. do.. . . .'... . 

.do ........

Private. ... ....

Source ol supply

Deep wells

Deep wells

Ouachita Kiver 

Do

Do

Do 

Springs and surface water 

Arkansas River

Do

Do

" These numbers correspond to those used in Chapter V, where additional data will be lound
CHAPTER 111.

METHODS AND COST OF WEiL MAKING.

METHODS

In wells of small diameter the three following processes are employed to 

break the material into pieces small enough to be readily removed from the hole: 

(1) Grinding or cutting with a rotary motion, (2) pounding or shattering by percussion, (3) washing or separating the particles by means of water currents The 

first is illustrated in the well auger and diamond drill which cut or abrade by the 

rotary motion of a harder on a softer material. The second is illustrated in the 

cable rig, or common drop drill, which in its essential features is but a very heavy 

bar drill, with suitable appliances for lifting, which pounds and shatters the rock 

into pieces In many applications of the grinding and pounding processes, which 

are used in varying combinations, water under pressure is an important accessory, 

and in the jetting and rotary process, used in unconsohdated sands and clays, it 

is of greater importance as an abrading agent than the other two

After the material is loosened it is necessary to remove it before the drilling 

can proceed, and it is in the removal or disposition of this material that the different 

methods of well making show the sharpest distinctions. On this basis wells may 

be divided as follows

A Material from well hole not elevated to the surface 

I Removal automatic

a Driven wells 

B. Material from well hole elevated to the surface

I Removal involving a cessation of the drilling or honng 

a Dug wells

b Wells made with a dut or clay augpr ("bored wells,") 

e Welk, made with a well punch (" punched wells ") 

d Wells made with a simple percussion drill and sand pump (cable rig)

II Removal automatic, without a cessation of the drilling or boring

a Well made with "self-cleaning" drills," or automatic sand-pumping outfit 

b Wells made by hydraulic process

1 Jet process

2 Rotary piocess

III Removal only in part automatic & 

a Wells made with core drills

1 Diamond drills

2 Chilled-shot drills

3 Hollow steel bit coiing machines

a Sometimes improperly called " hydraulic procc&s " It is no more a hydraulic process than is the cable rig. from which 

it differs essentially only in the automatic removal of the drillings

h All drillings are automatically elevated by a water jet in all types of core drills, hut the removal of the core proper 

involves a cessation of drilling

93
94 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND AEKANSAS.

DRIVEN WELLS

In regions of unconsohdated strata, where the ground water is relatively near 

the surface (within the suction limit, or about 30 feet) and the water-bearing beds 

are relatively coarse, the cheapest and simplest method of obtaining a small water 

supply is by placing a strainer on a piece of pipe of the same size and driving it into 

the ground with a sledge or maul. Extra pieces of pipe are added after the first 

length is driven into the ground, and the well is thus made the desired depth. 

Unless the depth at which the best water supply can be obtained is already known, 

tests are made from time to time by screwing a small suction or "pitcher" pump 

on the top of the casing. When a desirable stratum has been located, the well 

should be pumped continuously for some time to free the strainer and remove the 

finer particles from the stratum in the immediate vicinity of the screen and M) 

form a natural strainer of greater or less extent about the well (fig 28 ) This is 

the commonest type of well in the river-bottom lands, but m the hill lands, though 

it is occasionally used, better results can usually be obtained by other methods

BOKED WELLS.

The principle involved in the carpenter's auger was early extended to boring 

holes in unconsohdated sands and clays, and it still remains one of the simplest 

and cheapest methods of making wells of small diameter and of a few hundred feet 

depth. Various types of augers are employed, some of which are shown in PI. 

XLV, 2, 3, 4, 5 Forms Nos 2 and 5 are adapted for use in clay and Nos. 3 and 4 

for sand and sandy clay where it is desirable to have some sort of containing vessel 

to hold the cuttings When small bowlders are encountered which can not be 

taken up by the auger, grabs of various kinds are used to remove them (see "ram's 

horn grab," PI XLVI, 1,6), but if the bowlders or masses of'rock are larger than 

the hole the well must be abandoned or some other form of tools employed. When 

the rock is thin it may be shattered by substituting a bar drill for the auger and 

raising and lowering, as in the cable rig.

The drill rods are of iron or wood, sometimes square (PI XLV, 1), so that 

wrenches or other suitable turning devices can be attached, but more often round, 

when they are turned by a clamp or wrench (PI. XLVII, A). When the auger is filled 

with earth it is lifted to the surface with a windlass and emptied and the boring 

resumed. Bored wells are in some instances cased with hollow trees, but more 

commonly with boards, sheet-iron pipe, iron casing, or tile of some sort (PI XLV, 

7). Of the several forms of casing tile properly put in is perhaps the most ideal.

Bored wells are found throughout this region. In the Tertiary strata they 

are generally very shallow, but wells 100 to 300 feet can be sunk by this method 

On Long Island, New York, where there is a very gravelly, sandy soil, with irregular 

clay masses, somewhat similar to that in northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, 

the well auger is still successfully used in making wells to depths of 250 feet, 

notwithstanding the nearness of New York City and the ease with which improved 

drilling tools may be obtained. In that region the cost of wells made with the well 

auger and finished with tile is less than half that of wells made with improved tools, 

and this will probably be the cheapest method of developing domestic wells in many 

parts of the Tertiary strata of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XL.V

0

GALVANIZED IRON BAND 

USED TO HOLD CEMENT TO 

BREAK JOINTS BETWEEN PIPE

GALVANIZED IRON BAND 

AS ABOVE

ELLIOTTS IRON SHOE 

:OR TILE WELLS

WELL-BORING AND WELL-PUNCHING TOOLS.

1. Ordinary well-boring outfit. 

2, 3,4, 5. Well-boring augers.

6. Self-fastening couplings used on Challenge well-auger poles.

7. 18-inch perforated straight tile, used as a stiainer in Elliott tile wells. 

Note also Elliott patent iron shoe.

8. Well punch.

WELL MAKING.
METHODS OF WELL MAKING.

ARKANSAS CLAY AUGER

95

In the Cretaceous region, where there are thick beds of blue clay, which do not 

cave, experience has developed a clay auger radically different from those shown 

in PI. XLV, though somewhat resembling a "pod auger" With this holes are 

very easily bored to depths of 300 to 400 feet at a cost of 12$ to 40 cents a foot, 

and holes 700 feet deep have been drilled under favorable conditions.

The auger is 15 feet long 0 (PI. XLVI, 14). It consists of an auger barrel 4 

feet long, which is made of cast steel and resembles a 3-inch pipe sawed vertically 

in half. This is fastened by a flat piece of iron to a second auger barrel, 1^ to 2 feet 

long; above this is a second piece of flat iron, square at the top and cut with threads

FIG 25 Method of jumping rock dnll m Arkansas well rig Compare with Pis XLVI and XLVII

for fastening to the wooden poles (PI. XLVI, 11, 17). At the bottom of the auger 

barrel, on the right-hand side, is riveted a steel cutting edge of the shape shown in 

PI. XLVI, 15. This is commonly called the cutting bit and projects inward li 

inches. On the opposite side and slightly above is the "auger lip," which helps 

to hold the dirt in the auger barrel when the tools are lifted In operation, the 

auger is fastened to a short 10-foot pole (PI. XLVI, 11) known as the auger pole, 

and this to the regulation 26-foot pole The tools are turned with a clamp, and 

when the bit begins to choke, the tools are lifted and dropped by means of a windlass (PI. XLVII, A). This operation jumps the dirt up in the bit, and so frees

" In PI XLVI this is foreshortened because of the angle at which the auger is placed 

1393 No. 46-
PLATE XLVI.

TOOLS OF AN ARKANSAS WELL-BORING OUTFIT BELONGING TO MR. G. B. HIPP, OF

GAULANDVILLE, ARK.

1. 9-inch "twister," or "ram's horn grab." Used for removing large stones and old wooden curbs. 

,2. 3J-inch bar drill, with solid iron bar attached ("drill stem"), used in drilling through the "water rock."

3. Wrench for tightening wooden poles.

4. 5. Stilson wrenches.

6. Sj-inch "twister," or "ram's horn grab." Used for removing stones, fishing for lost tools, and cleaning 

out old wells.

7. Pipe tongs.

8. Sand pump made of section of iron pipe. Used in removing sandy and clayey material which will not 

hold on the regular clay auger (No. 14).

9. 5-inch reamer or cutting bit for enlarging hole made with No. 14. It is used on same guide shown with 

No. 12. -,

10. Taper pin. Used in "fishing" for lost piping.

11. 10-foot wooden pole. Used just above the clay auger.

12. 9-inch reamer or cutting bit for enlarging hole.

13. 9-inch rock drill.

14. Sj-inch Arkansas clay auger.

15. Extra cutting edge or "cutting bit" for 3J-inch Arkansas auger,

16. Key for holding poles while unscrewing.

17. Regular 26-foot wooden pole, showing detail of lower connection.

18. Iron drill rod, sometimes used instead of wooden pole in drilling through the "water rock." 

96
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER HO. 46 PL. XLVl

s Upper auger bar re/

Auxiliary wheel of

for jumping toots, in rf/r dri/ling

TOOLS OF AN ARKANSAS WELL-BORING OUTFIT. 

WELL MAKING.
METHODS OF WELL MAKING. 97

the lower end; it is termed "making a slip." If the clay is very dry a little water 

is added, and with the very sticky Cretaceous clay this process can be continued 

until the whole length of the auger is filled with a cylinder of mud. This 15 feet 

of mud represents about 10 feet in depth. Usually, however, the auger is filled 

for only about 10 feet, representing 7 feet of depth, before lifting the tools.

When rock is encountered a bar drill 'is used (PI. XLVI, 2). This is sometimes attached directly to the wooden poles and sometimes to iron poles. The 

drill shown is fastened to a solid piece of iron weighing about 100 pounds, which 

in a rough way corresponds to the drill bar of the regular cable tools (PI. XLVIII).

In the outfit shown in PI. XLVIII, 2, the drill is jumped by means of an auxiliary wheel on the windlass (fig. 25). The drill rope passes through a pulley in 

a post near the driller and a second pulley on a pivoted arm, and is held in the 

supporting post by a wooden wedge. This wedge is removed and redriven when 

it becomes necessary to lengthen the drill rope.

When sandy layers are encountered, which will not hold in the auger, the 

sand pump is used or enough clay is dumped in the hole to make the sand stick 

together.

In cases where wells of larger diameter are desired, or where it is necessary 

to enlarge the upper part of the hole for wooden casing, the 3- or 3J-inch hole made 

with the Arkansas clay auger is enlarged with a reamer (PL XLVI, 10, 12).

PUNCHED WELLS.

In regions where there are uniform clay beds without rocks or bowlders wells 

are often made with a well punch. This consists of a cylinder of steel or iron 1 

to 2 feet long split along one side and slightly spread (PI. XLV, ^8). The lower 

portion is very slightly-expanded, sharpened, and tempered into a cutting edge. 

In use it is attached to a rope or wooden poles and lifted and dropped in the hole 

by means of a rope given a few turns around a windlass or drum. By this process 

the material is forced up into the bit, slightly springs it, and so is held. When 

the bit is filled it is raised to the surface and emptied. When working in very dry 

clay water is sometimes added to aid the bit in "picking up" the material. Thin 

sand layers are passed by. throwing clay into the well and mixing it with the sand 

until the bit will take it up.

This process is not very extensively used in this region, and is not so practicable as the Arkansas clay auger.

SIMPLE DROP DRILL OR CABLE RIG.

It was early learned that the raising and dropping on stone of a metal bar 

with a horizontal cutting edge would, if the bar was turned slightly with each 

stroke, produce a circular hole. This primitive device in the form of a hand drill 

bar is used to-day in many stone quarries. As applied to well drilling the bar 

was at first attached'to the end of a "spring pole" made by firmly fastening the 

small end of a sapling in the ground and fixing a support near the base so that 

it inclined upward at an angle of 30° or more. The hole was drilled by_the "spring 

of the pole," the driller keeping it in motion by pulling down on the drill rope.
PLATE XLVII.

WELL-BORING OUTFIT OF MR. G. B. HIPP, OF GARLANDVILLE, ARK.

A. Boring with clay auger (PI. XLVI, 14) aud wooden poles. The drill poles, with auger attached, are 

turned with clamp as shown, and when the auger begins to choke it is lifted and dropped by the boy 

turning back on the windlass and letting go. This jumps the dirt-up in the bit and so frees the lower 

end. This process is repeated until the bit is full, when it is lifted to the surface and emptied. By 

this method from 7 to 10 feet can be bored without emptying..

B. Drilling with iron poles and rock drill (PI. XLIV, 2, 18). Drill is jumped by means of pivoted arm, which 

is pushed outward and then freed from the cogs on the upper wheel of the windlass (fig. 25, p. 95). 

98 * 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XLVH

WELL-BORING OUTFIT OF MR, G B. HIPP, OF GARLAN DVILLE, ARK. 

WELL MAKING,
METHODS OF WELL MAKING. 99

As the hole deepened the rope was paid out and the limit of depth was determined 

by the elasticity of the pole and the ability of the men to raise the tools out of the 

well when it was necessary to remove the accumulated drillings with a sand bucket 

or sand pump (PI XLVIII, 5, 6) In time the lifting of the tools was done by 

horsepower and then by steam; the spring pole was supplemented by a walking 

beam (PI XLVIII, 3), whose motion depended not on its elasticity but on power 

transmitted from an enginery means of a crank shaft. This enabled much heavier 

tools to be jumped, and with improved lifting devices greatly increased the possible 

depth of wells

A complete "string of tools," as used in the cable rig, is shown in PI. XLVIII, 

1, and the method of operation and construction of the derrick is illustrated in 

PI. XLVIII, 3-7

For the successful operation of the cable rig, or drop-drill process, it is necessary 

that the material be relatively hard and brittle, and firm enough to stand up without 

casing In regions where hard rock is at the surface or covered with but a relatively small amount of uncoiisohdated material, which must be penetrated with 

a casing before the drilling of the well proper begins, the cable or walking-beam 

rig is the cheapest and most commonly used method of sinking deep wells, but in 

regions of unconsohdated strata, such as the Tertiary and Quaternary beds of the 

Atlantic and Gulf States, drilling with cable tools is impracticable, and for large 

wells either the ]et or rotary process should be used

Iii some of the Cretaceous beds where the material is solid enough to stand up 

without casing the cable rig has been successfully used, as at Texarkana, Ark 

(480), but even in this material better results can usually be obtained with the 

rotary process Cable tools were tried at Gurdon, Ark., in the same strata geologically as at Texarkana, but here the material caved badly, and after two attempts 

the well was abandoned It could have been finished to the desired depth with 

the proper rotary outfit

AUTOMATIC SAND-PUMPING OUTFIT.

Drilling a well with a cable rig involves two principal operations (1) a pounding up of the rock and (2) a removal of the drillings with a sand pump A combination of these two operations has resulted in a process which is of great value 

in regions of unconsolidated strata where the ordinary cable-rig process can not be 

used with advantage, and which is often more practicable than any other for wells 

of small diameter and comparatively shallow depths in rock regions

The tools may be described, in the aggregate, as a sand pump fitted with a 

drill having one or two perforations through which the drillings can enter the sandpump barrel, which is composed of sections of pipe having a total length slightly 

greater than the depth of the well (PI. XLIX, 1) When this "string of tools" is 

"jumped" by a spring pole or walking beam, or other suitable device, such as shown 

:n PI. XLIX, 4, 5, the drill loosens the material, which, as in the ordinary sand 

pump, passes through the valve into the drill rods In drilling in dry material 

enough water must be added to make a rather thin mud of the drillings in order to 

enable them to pass the drill valve The continuous jumping of the tools pumps
PLATE XLVIII. .

CABLE RIG OR DHOP-DKILL OUTFIT.

1 A complete 'String of tools" for a oablc ug The auger stem or drill stem is used to add weight to the 

drill and meiease its force of impact The jars are composed of two linked pieces of extia-quality steel 

having a slack or endwise motion of b' to 9 inches (No 2), they enable a sharp, quick, upward blow to be 

delivered which "jars" the tools loose when they become fast The sinker 01 sinker bar is used occasionally where the well is filled with water to help sink the cable rapidly, unless placed between the j'ars 

and the bit it adds little or no force or weight to the drill

2 "Jars," open

3 Standaid rig airanged for starting the hole or "spudding " The "string of tools" is jumped by means of a 

"jerk line" attached to the crank of the band wheel As the dulling progresses the tools are lowered by 

gradually unreeling the cable from the "bull wheel " The casing or pipe is "duven in" with driving 

clamps (No 7), attached as shown

4 Temper sciew, with cahle attached Aftei the hole has been sunk for some depth below the derrick floor 

the walking beam and temper sciew are used The string of tools is jumped by means of the walking 

beam, and the tools are lowered as the dulling progiesses by means of the temper sciew 

5, 6 Sand pumps or bailers, 5, Common form with steel-flap valve, 6, form with dart valve When the accumulations of the drilling in the well impede the progress of the drill, the tools are lifted by leehng up 

the cable on the bull wheel and the drillings are removed with the sand pump The temper screw is 

then wound up or "elevated," the tools lowered, and the drilling resumed , 

7 Driving blocks 

100
0. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. XLVIII

"CAT 

A WRAPPING OF CLOTH

OR RAVELED ROPE 

TO PREVENT SLIPPING 

AND WEARING OF CABLE

BELT FROM BAND WHEEL 

TO BULL WHEEL

BRAKE LEVER

CABLE RIG OR DROP-DRILL OUTFIT. 

WELL MAKING.

METHODS OF WELL MAKING. 101

the drillings through the drill rods without regard to the depth of the well, and 

finally throws them out at the surface

The principle which makes the ^elevation of drillings in this manner possible 

may be briefly explained as follows a

The drill is so shaped that when it falls it tends to compress the water and air 

m the lower part of the hole, and, in properly shaped tools, this force is suddenly 

brought to a culmination by a curved surface andthus pops the valve open and 

allows the ingress of the water and drillings In a way it is somewhat 

analogous to the sudden development of pressure in the hydraulic 

ram, by which water is elevated to considerable heights, only here 

the power is developed not by the fall of a column of water, but by 

the gravity drop of a string of tools

The theory of action is so intimately connected with the efficiency 

of the drill that it may be well to call attention to some of the features of a well-made self-cleaning drill It should be circular at the 

upper end and have a diameter very slightly less than the width of 

the cutting edge The blade should be flat and suddenly 

curve at the top in order to obtain the effect of a conical 

compression in a very short space (compare figs 26, 27). 

If this curved area were slightly coned toward the opening (not so much that large fragments or pebbles would 

be likely to jam) a further increase in force would be 

gained, and the maximum amount of lifting power would 

be developed with the least expenditure of energy In 

practice additional valves opening upward, called drill 

rods or blind valves (PI XLIX, 2, 3), are added in the 

drill stock They relieve the bottom or drill valve of 

some of the downward thrust of the drillings, and so 

increase the efficiency of the outfit.

The continuous sand pumping and the method of drilling and 

driving the casing at the same time, by clamping the drive block to 

the drill rods, make it possible to pass through beds of relatively 

caving material which can not be handled with the ordinary cable rig 

The important feature of this rig from a water standpoint, and 

the one which makes it of peculiar utility for sinking water wells in the 

Coastal Plain region, is that it is impossible to pass a water-bearing 

stratum, no matter how small, without being aware of its presence In the jet 

process it is very easy to pass a water-bearing stratum, and with the rotary 

process, in which very muddy water is used that commonly plasters up any small 

sand beds encountered, the determination of water horizons, unless they are very 

large, is comparatively impossible.

This type of rig has been used at a number of points, notably about Shrevepoit, 

and combined with a small jetting outfit it is now supplanting the boring outfits in 

the deep wells in the Cretaceous region It is peculiarly adapted for work in the 

Eocene beds, and will doubtless become one of the commonest forms used in the 

development of this section.

FIG 27 A badly shaped selfcleaning drill 

Shoulder docs 

not fill the 

hole, and drillings rush past 

the opening 

without lifting valve with 

m a x i m u in 

forcf This is, 

however, a 

very good 

shape for a 

jetting outfit

FIG 2b. A welfshaped selfcleaning drill 

Shoulder is 

circular and 

almost completely fills the 

drill h ole , 

blade is flat 

and suddenly 

curves at the 

top, thus developing the 

m a x i m u m 

force in the 

spare where it 

is most needed 

to pop open 

the drill valve

a I am indebted to Dr Arthur L, Day, physicist, of the United States Geological Survey, for suggestions in this matter.
PLATE XLTX.

AUTOMATIC SAND-PUMPING PROCESS

1 A "string of tools" foi automatic sand-pumping outfit The drill vanes somewhat in size, length, and shape, 

but is chaiaoteiized by the presence of a leather valve which allows the dnlhngs to entei and pi events 

their egress, as m the sand pump (PI XLVTII, 5, f>) The " drill stock " or drill rods are commonly 1 to 

1^ inch pipe, though in wells 3 to 4 inches in diameter a short length of 2i-mch pipe ib sometimes placed 

above the dull

2,3 Drill lod or blind valves 2, Leather drill-rod valve, with large opening, 3, metal drill-rod valve, with 

small opening One or two drill-rod valves are inserted m the drill rods, the number depending on the 

character of the matenal heing drilled They disti ihute the weight of the column of drillings along the 

drill rods in the downward thrust, and allow pumping to continue if anything happens to the drill valve.

4 Common device for "jumping" or "churning" the tools The rope is given a few turns around the lifting 

spool or drum, and the drill pipe alternately raised and lowered by tightening and loosening the rope 

This "churning" drills the hole, as in the cable ng (PI XLVIII), and by means of the valves (1) automatically elevates the drillings through the hollow drill rods The casing, armed with a driving shoe 

(PI L, 5), is driven m the hole made by the drill with some form of drive weight This is lifted and 

diopped m the same manner as the dull rods Sometimes the drive block is bolted to the dull rods and 

the whole weight of the tools thus utilized in driving the pipe

5 a, b, c Improved device, u^ed on the "Ohio tubulai well-drilling machine," for rapidly and regularly lifting 

the dull rods

6 Automatic sand pumping, enlarging "paddy" or expansion hit, for use in uueonsohdated materials

7 Automatic band pumping, enlarging shoulder bit, for use in rock 

102
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. KLIX

-H

ILL-BOD VALVE

LEATHER VALVE 

.WEIGHTED WITH IRON DISK 3£" 

,*^ ~ PERFORATIONS THROUGH

/ I \ V/ WHICH DRILLING ENTERS. 

 SOME DRILLS HAVE BUT 

ONE HOLE.

5a

AUTOMATIC SAND-PUMPING PROCESS. 

WELL MAKING.

METHODS OF WELL MAKING. 103 

JETTING PROCESS.

In the jetting process the material is loosened and the drillings are elevated to 

the surface by means of water under pressure Its use is entirely restricted to 

unconsohdated materials The water is conducted into the well by means of pipes 

of relatively small diameter, called wash pipes, jet pipes, or drill pipes, and is 

directed downward near the bottom-of the well by means of a suitable bit (PI L, 

3, 4; fig 27) The drill is turned from time to time by means of a clamp or wrench, 

and so keeps the hole true and aids the water in wearing away more resistant masses 

of clay or like substances When local hardened strata are encountered the drill is 

lifted and dropped, as in the drop drill or cable rig and the automatic sand-pump 

outfit If there are many "shells of rock'' which require to be drilled in this manner 

it is often advisable to insert in the drill rods a blind valve (PI XL1X, 3), upside 

down, with a spring to keep the valve pressed up against the valve seat in order to 

prevent the drillings from entering the drill and choking it when the tools are 

dropped

The casing is usually driven, but in some instances it is possible to use a paddy 

or expansion drill (PI L, 2, 4), which makes the hole larger than the casing and 

enables it to settle of its own weight when moved with a pipe wrench from side to 

side (PI L, 1)

This process is better suited for drilling wells of large diameter than the automatic sand-pumping process, and is admirably adapted for use in the unconsohdated materials of 'the Coastal Plain.

ROTAKY PROCESS.

The rotary piocess is but a development of the jetting process, from which it 

differs mainly in that the more or less irregular turning of the drill rods by hand in 

the jetting process is here replaced by regular and rapid turning by a revolving table 

or rotary moved by machinery When the character of the material is such that 

the ordinary fishtail bit can be used (PI LI, 3) the rotary process is very little different from the jetting process, except that the larger machineiy, pumps, and derrick 

commonly used m rotary outfits permit larger holes to be drilled. The fishtail bit 

is used when the material does not cave readily and when the water pressure and 

the plastering of the sides with the mud in the wash water will make it stand up 

Under favorable conditions holes may be drilled many hundred feet in this manner 

without casing, the bit then removed, and all the casing inserted at one tune

The constant rotation and the high water pressure used enables the rotary to 

be employed in a manner entirely different from any other outfit and makes the 

process peculiarly fitted for penetrating very caving, unconsohdated materials. In 

such instances the casing, armed with a toothed cutting shoe (PI LI, 4), is itself 

used for the wash pipe and the water and drillings returned to the surface between it 

and the wall of the hole. In practice the wash water is mixed with fine clay, and this 

very muddy water tends to plaster up any sand beds encountered and so prevent 

any loss of water and consequent reduction of head Constant motion and water 

pressure are required, and in order to facilitate the addition of drilling pipe two 

water swivels are employed. When the hole has been drilled to such a depth that
L.

JETTING PROCESS.

1 Jetting process Water enters drill pipe 01 jetting pipe by hose from force pump and emerges from the two 

holes in the dull as jets directed downwaid or toward the bottom of the well The drillings loosened by 

the jet and the drill, which it, of f asionally turned by a clamp 01 wrench, are carried to the surface with 

the upward current of water between the dull pipe and easing If the hole is not large enough to allow 

the pipe to settle of its own weight when turned with a pipe wionch, it is driven with a drive block 

Sometimes a solid drive head is used on top of the casing, sometimes a dnve plate, and sometimes only an 

extra heavy tee or specially constiucted drive head or tee

2 Paddy or expansion drill in operation This enables a hole larger than the casing pipe to be drilled, and in 

favorable material makes driving unnecessary

3 Paddy or expansion drill, closed for lifting or lowering in the hole

4 Common jetting dnll This shape, with the attachment of a valve, is often used in the automatic sandpumping outfit, but for best results the shape should be modified. (See p 101 )

5 Drive shoe Tempered steel or non, with cutting edge, for use on end of casing pipe

6 A simple jetting outfit Designed and used by Roy S Barker in drilling test holes on Long Island, New 

Yoik In this the drive weight is lilted by two men standing on a wooden plattorm clamped to the casing, 

and the weight of the men aids in sinking the casing. 

104
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO- 46 PL. L

DRIVE WEIGHT ROPE 

TO HOISTING DRUM OR SPOOL

DRILL ROD ROPE 

TO HOISTING DRUM

JETTING PIPE

DRILLINGS 

RUNNING OFF

^

*sa

DRIVE WEIGHT- IDE NBUFFER 

DRIVE HEAD

JETTING PROCESS. 

WELL MAKING.

METHODS OF WELL MAKING. 105

the top of the pipe is near the revolving table a length of pipe is attached to the 

second water swivel and elevated by means of the lifting dram into position for 

coupling, the rotary is then reversed and the first water swivel unscrewed, the new 

length of pipe is coupled on, and the pumps are switched to the hose connected 

with it This opciation with skillful men requires but a few seconds, and drilling 

proceeds with scarcely an interruption * To prevent the drenching of the men 

when the water swivel is unscrewed "back-pressure valves" are sometimes inserted 

between the pipe couplings (PI LI, 5) To guard against accident to the pumps 

and the consequent "sticking" of the pipe, all large outfits have two force pumps 

so connected that should one fail the other can be immediately used Wells are 

usually started with large casing, which is pushed down as far as possible; smaller 

casing is then inserted, and so on to the bottom of the well The well at Galveston, 

Tex , which is the deepest well ever sunk in unconsolidated materials, has 22-mr,h 

casing from 0 to 60 feet, 15-inch from 60 to 928 feet, 12-inch from 928 to 1,500 feet, 

9-inch from 1,500 to 2,363 feet, and 5-mch from 2,363 to 3,067 feet.

,. This process is by far the quickest method known for sinkms wells of large 

diameter in unconsolidated material Wells over 1,000 feet deep have in several 

cases been sunk in less than a day and a half As a means of developing water 

wells it is not entirely satisfactory unless the exact point at which the water-bearing 

beds occur is already known

CORE DRILLS.

In the various types of core drills, all of which are intended for use in consolidated material or hard rock, there is a combination of a revolving and a hydraulic 

process Hollow bits with some cutting or abrasive device are revolved by suitable 

machinery, and wear out a hole with a core standing in the center The drillings 

are removed by a jet of water, and from time to time lengths of the core are broken 

off and brought to the surface either by lifting the drill, which in some cases automatically breaks the core and clamps it, or by a separate "core lifter "

In the diamond drill a hollow bit is used in which eight diamonds (either carbons 

01 borts) are inserted four near the outer edge and projecting slightly outward, 

and four near the inner edge and projecting slightly inward

In the chilled-shot drill a hollow wrought-non shoe is used m connection with 

chilled-steel shot or other loose abrasive The constant rotation causes the shot to 

wear away the rock. This method can not be used in fissured or .porous rocks where 

the shot can run out of the drilled hole, nor can it be used 011 bowlders or other 

irregular surfaces surrounded by clay, as the shot slide off and become embedded 

without accomplishing any work

The toothed steel bit is similar to the ordinary rotary shoe or bit (PI LI, 4). 

The rotary bit does not yield a good core because of the softness of the material 

worked and the rapid washing away of the core by the water cunent Indeed, 

in most work the toothed rotary bit is fitted with a central crosscuttmg edge which 

prevents the formation of any core whatever This method of coring is well adapted 

lor work in relatively soft, uniform rocks

On account of the unconsolidated chaiacter of the material ordinary core drills 

can seldom be used in the Coastal Plain of Arkansas and Louisiana Exceptional 

1393 No 46 00 9
PLATE LI.

ROTARY PROCESS ,

1 Rotaiy outfit Water is forced from pump through water swivel and down oasmg or drill pipe and returns

to suiface as bhown (Nos 3, 4) The pipe, which is armed with a rotary shoe (No 4) or a fishtail bit

' (No 3), is constantly rotated by means of a lotary or revolving table (No 2) The drilling^ loosened by

the water and the drilling bit are brought to the surface by the leturn current outside the drilling pipe 01

cabing

2 Revolving table, hoisting machinery, and water swivel of Chapman's lotary

3 Fishtail bit

4 Toothed or rotaiy bit

5 Back-pressure valve occasionally used between couplings to keep drillings from entering wash pipe and 

to prevent a "back flow" when the water swivel is unscicwed to allow new lengths ol pipe to be added 

106
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 46 PL. U

EXTRA 

WATER SWIVEL

ROTARY PROCESS. 

WELL MAKING.

METHODS AND COST OF WELL MAKING. 107

cases are found in the hard rocks encountered in some of the Cretaceous domes in 

northern Louisiana and in the salt and the sulphur deposits of southern Louisiana. 

In the latter, diamond drills have already been used

 ;.' /; '

%" ' I >* 

;V-'-*'

:&>' ' m

FINISHING A WATER WELL.

When the water sand IB consolidated or hard enough to stand up in the hole, as in 

some ot the Cretaceous beds, the finishing of a well offers no very great difficulty; but 

where not consolidated, as in the Tertiary and Quaternary beds, some sort of screen 

must be used It is on the selection and setting of this screen that much of the success of the well depends The screens commonly used are of two general types One 

is made of pipe with round perforations covered with 

wire, wire gauze, or perforated metal gauze of some 

sort The other is made of brass tubing with rows of 

horizontal slits increasing m size inward The latter 

is perhaps the simpler, but is the more expensive type

Af tci the screen has been placed, which in most of 

the wells in this section is done after the drilling is completed, it is very desirable that the well be pumped 

heavily for several days or until the water clears 

The point of this is to remove the finer particles immediately about the screen and thus to surround it with a 

natural strainer of coarser particles (fig 28) During 

this initial cleaning out of the well the pump should 

not be stopped when it commences to draw sand In 

many cases where this has been done not only has the 

well not been properly cleaned out or finished, but the 

pump valves and rods have been firmly fastened by W 

the rapidly settling sediment and great difficulty has 

been experienced in their removal In very fine sands. FlG 28 |lia3 m towing natural

strainer of coarse material formed where there are no particles coarse enough to form a about the screen by pumping out the

good natural screen, it is often practicable to intro- finer sand

duce gravel Irom the surface and with it develop a strainer about the screen

COST OF DEEP WELLS

The cost of wells naturally varies with the complexity of the tools needed, the 

skill ot the driller, the character of the material drilled, the transportation facilities, 

and the amount of competition If water is guaranteed it varies with the known 

water probabilities, and is always higher, except where the water conditions are 

thoroughly understood, than for a mere hole in the ground.

In the Cretaceous region of southwestern Arkansas, where the conditions are 

such that deep-well water is the only supply over large areas and where very 

favorable geologic conditions exist, a very ingenious adaptation of the well-boring 

process has been developed (p. 95) By this method the drillers, who are almost 

without exception local planters, can afford to make 31-inch wells for from 12} to 40 

cents a foot. When machine rigs of the jetting and automatic sand-pumping types
108 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

were introduced in this region, as they have been within the last ten years, the 

"machine men" had to meet the competition of the "hand-tool men" and so prices 

have been kept down It should be added in explanation of these prices that it is 

usually understood that the board for the drillers, and horse feed, will be furnished by 

the persons for whom the well is being drilled, who will also furnish the casing As 

this is generally made of a few rough yellow-pine boards, which can be obtained at a 

near-by mill, it is not a very important item of cost

In the Tertiary regions, where water can generally be obtained in shallow dug 

and driven wells, the demand for deep wells has not been so great However, with 

the rapid development of this section in the last fifteen years, large and permanent 

water supplies have been demanded for manufacturing purposes and deep wells have 

been put down at many points. The first of these wells were put down by well 

drillers from other sections of the country The cost was necessarily high, and the 

prices have been pretty well maintained to tins time. The usual charges range from 

$1 to $4 a foot without casing, and while very large compared with the cost of wells 

in the Cretaceous region they are but slightly higher than those on Long Island, 

New York The development is now largely restricted to wells for mills, ice factories, 

and waterworks, but conditions are very favorable for extensive developments for 

domestic and plantation purposes Small jetting, automatic sand-pumping, and 

hand-boring outfits" are well adapted for such developments, and for ordinary wells 

200 to 400 feet deep they should almost entirely supplant the larger rigs The 

following example illustrates the difference in cost Wells put down in Avoyelles 

Parish 100 to 150 feet deep into the Port Hudson gravels by professional well drillers 

cost $2 to $3 per foot Judge Morrow, of Rapides, Kapidcs Parish, has put down 

three wells 102 feet deep m the same material with a jetting machine at an average 

cost of 39 cents per foot

Statistics regarding the cost of wells in this region aie given in the following 

tables, which are based on reports from various sources In some instances it is 

probable that the total cost given does not include the cost of casing, and that the 

amount given under "Average per foot" should be transferred to the column "Average per foot without casing."

<« The bits shown in 1J 1 XLV are much better adapted for work m the Tertiary strata than the specialized clay bit used 

m the Cretaceous strata (PI XLV1 14),
COST OF DEEP WELLS. 109

Cost of deep wells in (he Cretaceous strata ^n southwestern Arkansas

Well 

No

28

29

30

32

30

46

47

53

58

bo

71

80

88

91

99

106

114

156

159

160

212

215

216

217

219

252

322

347

348

352

357

365

366

374

375

380

393

402

433

447

448

Location

County

Clark

.. do ...

do

. . do

. . do

do

do . .

. do .

do .

do.

.do. . .

...do. .

. do . .

. do ..

do..

.do.. .

do..

Hempstead

do

. do

do

.do.. .

do

.. do. .

.do..

do

. do. .

do

do

do

. do. .

. do.

..do

. do

do

Howard.

do . .

do.

do. .

.do. . .

do.. .

do.. .

Little River.

do..

do

Town

Arkadelphia

Beirne

do..

do.. .

do. .

Bradshaw..

.do

Curtis . . .

.do . .

.do . .

DaleviIIe . . .

Gurdon

do .

do . .

do . .

Hollywood .

Okolona .

Boll

do ..

do

Fulton

do .

do .

. .do ...

do

Fulton (Sprudell

Fulton . ..

GarUndville .

Guernsey

Hope

.do .

Spring Hill

..do

do ....

Washington

Total 

depth

Feet

321

187

175

177

235J

325

175

140

115

150

410

143

222

358

315

R9

280

135

180

230

175

173

192

170

235

29'j

lOO-.iOO

232

SOO

400

434

500

500

245

AllLrook .. 1 347J

.do ..

do .

do ... .

..do ... .

Centerpomt .

Saratoga .....

Arkinda ....

Rocky Comfort

do .. .

230

496

430

320

500

788

290

500

500

Diameter

Inches

6-4

0

31

31

31

31

4

4

Sizeandlength 

of casing

Inches

4

4

4 i

4

4

3i

31

3i

4

5

3

4

4

4

2

3

o

2

4

3

3J

3

9-6

2-3

4

1J

2

li

2

4

4-3

3-2

2

2

3-2-1

4

4-3-2

2

4

3

3

2

2

4

3

3

9

4

2

4

2

4

3

2

3-2-1

4

2

Feet

630

<>1G

647

631

30

20-40

630

640

l>54

280

60

657

16

50

30

630

390

660

94

30

30

42

40

.

110

720

30

72

Cost

Total

850 00

35 00

35 00

4fi 00

60 00

80 00

25 00

25 00

30 00

40 00

50 00

125 00

80 00

35 00

300 00

100 oo

23 40

200 00

90 00

75 00

1,400 00

130 00

231 85

150 00

113 25

125 00

200 00

100 00

100 00

250 00

500 00

250 00

+ 350 00

Averagp per 

loot

$0 27

20

20

+ 19

18

46

17

22

20

28

22

35

25

1 07

57

t 12

85

32

32

2 80

30

40

30

54

40

23

31

50

63

50

,

62

Average 

per foot, 

without 

casing

f »S2 00

| "1 25

I "1 00

20

1 00

33

26

25

44

40

54

f 40- 50

50

25

25

30- 50

40

30

....

e 30

1 00

Year 

drilled

1901

1893

1890

1902

1902

1897

1901

1902

1902

1893

1903

1903

1901

1881

1901

ISRfl

1902

1896

1893

1898

1893

1904

1902

1902

1901

1902

1901

1880

1900

1898

1901

1902

1899

1902

Remarks

Jetting outfit

Hand boring tools

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Jetting rig

Hand boring tools

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Domestic wells

Automatic sandpumping outfit

Do

Do

"Machine well "

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

o$2 per loot, 0-100 feet SI 2o per foot, 100-200 feet; SI per foot, 200-321 leet Statement of J M Philli

6 Casing of pine boards

c General statement of Chas D Hudson, well driller, 40 cents per foot down to 250 feet, 50 cents pe

" Probaoly does not include labor oi owner

« Does not include moving rig, extra help, board, horse feed, etc.

ps, well driller 

loot below 250 feet
110 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Cost of deep uelh in the Cretaceous strata in southwestern Arkansas Continued

Well 

No

492

517

518

519

563

505

579

6S2

615

619

620

621

623

624

Location

County

Nevada

ill)

do.

do ..

do. .

do

.do. .

do

do

do

do .

.do.

do

. ilo

.do.

Pike . ..

Town

Emmet.. .

Lanesburg .

ilo

do .

Prefafott .

do.

do

do. .

do

Verde. .

do.

do

do..

do

do.

Bowen

Total 

depth

Feet

172

41,5

568

540

375

4,!3

100-400

170

170

428

380

359

390

419

473

100-350

Diameter

Inches

4

2

3

0-2

SJ

3i

3

6

3

4

2

2

2

1}

3

3

Size and length 

ot casing

Inches

4

2

3

3

4

fi

4

o

21

3

3

3

Feet

"30

425

«30

"32

«47

170

30

36

40

45

TO

26

Cost

Total

$50 00

300 00

100 00

150 00

75 00

80 00

100 00

35 00

140 00

85 00

110 00

100 00

130 00

100 00

Average per 

foot

30 29

64

18

28

20

IS

59

33

22

31

26

31

21

f 6 12}

<> 25

( 6 50

Average 

per foot, 

without 

casing

$0 35

18

28

...

25

21

...

& 12J

& 25

6 50

Year 

drilled

1890

1894

1892

1901

1901

1902

1901

1902

1888

1900

1894

1902

1891

1898

I

1 1902

'

Hi-marks

"Machine well "

Do

Do

Do

Hand boring tools

Do

Bo

Do

Do

Machine tools

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Hand boring tools

a Casing of pine boards

b Wells not over 200 feet deep, S23, evei> additional loot to 300 feet, 25 cents perloot, evcrj additional foot over 300 lent, 

50 cents per toot Statement of J B Dillon, well duller

Cost of deep wells in the Tertiary and Quaternary strata in southern Arkansas

Well

No

15

19

24

125

126

127

128 

129

130

139

142

143

148

412

419

427

458

628

030

Location

County

Bradley

.. do...

Town

,

Warren .

.do.. .

Chicot....| Dermott .

Cleveland

. .do. .

. .do...

.do. . 

. .do. ..

do...

Columbia

Dallas...

Dcsh<.....

Drew. .

Jefferson .

Lafayette

. .do. ..

Miller. .

Ouachita

. .do ...

Clio (Anderson) .

Dranghon .

K(jdron(Kendai!s)

Kingsland 

.do .

do...

Total 

depth

Feet

191)

048

750

432

117

457

247 

200

 576

Taylor . j 305

Fordjee

Arkansas, City

Monticello .

Pine Bluff

Frostville. .

Stamps

Boggy .

Bearden .

Camden ... .

502

550

750

905

J lofi 

1 150

415

250

1,001

135

Diameter

Size and length 

of casing

7rt(/;es Inches Feel

4

2V

4

2}

4

3

2J 

3

2J

4

4

6

8

8-0

4 

B

8

4-2}

0

2

4

-2

4

25

4

3

4

8-6

4

6

8

4

6

2

196

(')648

h50

432

117

450

"

305

905

156

150

345

150

901

135

Cost

Total

SiOO

1 200

1,500

1 000

100

1,000

210 

100

276

700

1,800

(') 1,000

3,000

3,500

2,200

500

2, POO

Average 

per 

foot

S2 04

1 85

2 00

2 31

So

2 19

85 

50

73

2 30

f 05

1 82

4 00

3 87

5 30

2 00

2 60

Average 

per foot, 

without 

casing

SO 61

4 00 

4 00

«3 50

1 50

Year 

drilled

1902

1'I02

1902

1850

J 1898 

{ 1101

1901

1901 

1901

1900

1902

1901

1894

1899

1898

1895 

1902

1902

1898

1885

Iternaiks

f4 \\elh put down 

by mill i-orii1 pany

"Punched well " 

Jotting process

Do

-

Rotarj

Rotary procrss

o Owner furnished pipe and steam to tun machines
COST OF DEEP WELLS. Ill

Cost of deep wells in the Tertiary and Quaternary strata in northern Louisiana

Well 

No

757

758

759

763

707

768

708A

773

774

775

776

778

779

781

782

784

786

789

791

794

798

803

805

807

808

811

823

820

829

812

817

828

804

877

880

881

Location

Count\

Avojelles

.do

do .

do '

do

Bien\ille

do.

Bossier

do. .

do.

.do .

.do

.do

. .do .

. do

.do..

.. .do.. .

do .

. do.. .

. do.. .

Caddo .

do. .

. do

. do. .

. .do .

do.

. do . .

do. .

.do..

do

.do.

do.

Claihorne .

Grant..

do

do

Town

Bunkie

do

do

Mansura..

Marksville .

 Vrcadia..

.do. ..

Antrim

.do

Allentown

Antrim

Benton. .

Total 

depth

Feet

125

158

140

110

1800

540

535

280

233

110

300

350

j

do .

do ..

Bolmger.

Bossier City

do.

Curtis .. ..

Foster

Foolc

Blanchard.

Missionary

Robson.

Shreveport

.do....

do

do

.do.

do ...

.do

do.

do .

Statehne

Ooirnx . .

Pollock

Rochelle196

170

235

350

195

197

210

300

185

290

225

990

280

338

225

338

201

324

150

180

290

210

285

1,10?

DiametPr

Inches

4

4

4

0

6-4

8i-fi

S-ii

4

6

n

5

Size and length 

of casing

Inches Feel

Cost

Total

-5230 00

} 522 00

Not cased

4

G

5

5

2*1 25

3

2i

4

-i

6-,:

21

3

4-2

3

3-2

4

4

4-2J

0-4

91 1 1 -11,

b-4

2J

Mi

b-4

G-4

6-4

25

3-2

910 8-0-4

3

4

21

1 2

2S

3

3

1

^

2

4

4

1 V

I 6

1 4

2i 

1 1*

4

24

24

«5o5 1

480

280

'JW

110

275

22J

190

170

80

70 

98

100

150

100

132

158

(')990

81

09

4on 00

500 00

1,400 00

1,500 00

250 00

1,000 00

000 00

380 00

' &650 00

300 00

JOO 00

392 65

8,000 00

500 00

9B )

00

82

70

80 

61

80

900

cl.11750

2' 10 00

300 00

700 00

050 00

Averaee 

per

foot

$2 00

3 30

2 86

4 54

1 75

2 77

4 00

4 00

2 27

3 33

1 06

1 09

2 82

1 52

1 43

1 65

1 35

8 03

1 79

3 30

1 30

1 50

2 16

4 20

650 00 I 3 01

650 00 1 2 24

250 00 1 19

365 UO

2, 500 00

1,700 00

4,400 00

I 28

2 2fi

1 87

7 75

Average per 

foot, 

without

casing

52 77

2 75

2 00

2 00

2 00

1 25

(')l 00

<n so

[ 2 00

; 1 00

Year 

drilled

1901

1897

1902

1902

1901

1893

1890

1902

1899

1898

1897

1898

1897

1898

1897

1900

1898

1891

1901

1902

1901

1901

1893

1901

1902

Remarks

Jetting machine

Automatic s a n d -

pumping rig

Do

Do

Automatic & a n d -

pumping rig

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Do

Rotarj process

Automatic sandpumpmg ng

Do.

Do

Do

Do

Do

1932 J. Do

1902

1897

1900

1899

1896

Do

Do

Rotary outfit

i«

« Depth paid lor

b Amount paid drillers

'Contract price with certain stipulations as 10 yield

a First 100 fret Si 60 per loot beiow 10U loet 82 per loot

f Statement ot anlier

/ Contract price lor drilling, owners to turnish everything hut the drills
112 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND 'WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Cost of deep wells in the Tertiary and Quaternary strata in northern Louisiana Continued

Well 

No

885

886

887

890

891

911

917

921

923

Q25

944

946

952

950

,960

966

973

979

985

989

997

Location

County

Jackson

.do . -

do. . .

Lincoln

do .

Natchitochps

do

OuacJnta

. do

.do

Rapnlcs. .

do

.do .

.do .

Red Riser

Sabine..

. do

Union

Webstrr

. .do

Wmn.

Town

ITodge.

Jonesboro. ..

Wyatt- -

Ruiton.... .

do...

Natchitocb.es

Weaver Spur.

Monroe. ..

. do... . .

do...

Boyce. .. .

.do.. .

Rapideb. ,

Zimmerman .

Lake End

Loring.

Plymouth

Randolph. .

Mmden .

Spring Hill

T.umehiil

Total 

depth

feet

330

545

302

4'iO

450

726

308

SCO

385

375

302

270

103

175

287J

704

521

200

317

3fi8

270

Diameter

Inches

6

6

4

8-6

4

C-4-2J

4-2

3j

5

5

8

31

2

4

4-25

0

,4

3J

6

3

4

Size and length 

of casing

InLhes

6

5

4

1 8

1 0

4

6

4

3J

5

31

2

4

1 4

I 21

3J

0

3

4

Feet

330

534

302

200

2dO

450

160

124

360

375

ISO

102

175

85

80

20B

317

(>)368

(') 270

Cost

Total

J1.300 00

2,500 00

634 00

1 1,800 00

\

1,200 00

1, 250 00

418 90

-

...

875 00

1,200 00

400 00

40 00

185 00

0530 00

1

500 00

1,000 00

661 85

500 00

Average 

per 

foot

$3 94

4 58

2 10

4 19

2 08

1 72

1 36

-

2 33

4 00

1 43

0 39

1 05

1 84

-

2 43

3 15

1 85

Average per 

root, 

without 

casing

.

$3 00

3 50

-

3 25

2 25

1 80

Year 

drilled

1900

1901

1902

1901

1901

1900

1892

1892

1901

1900

18U9

1900

1897

1900

1901

1901

1901

1901

1899

j 1902

Remarks

Rotary outfit

Automatic sandpumpmg rig

Jetting procesb

Do

Do

Rotary process

Drilled by owner

with jot maclimc

Drilled by owner

Automatic sandpumping rig

Rotary

Do

a Contract price, well not accepted because ol salty water
CHAPTER IV.

UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS, BY COUNTIES.

SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 

ARKANSAS COUNTY

In Arkansas County no attempt has been made to develop any but the gravel 

beds which occur near the base of the Port Hudson deposits, 75 to 150 feet from 

the surface, although the deep-well prospects are very favorable. The water 

sands corresponding to the Cockfield horizon will be encountered at depths of 

from 250 to 300 feet below sea level. This is the horizon developed at Helena 

(642B, 643), a Rosedale (1006), Arkansas City (143), and Dermott (24), and encountered in the Pine Bluff and Redfield wells "(PI XXXVII, sees A, B, G).

The Sabine horizon will be found at depths from 700 to 800 feet below sea 

level. This is the horizon developed at Pine Bluff (410, 415), Jonestown (1010), 

Eaglenest (1009), Lyon (1011), and Cleveland (1003, 1004)

The water will rise very near the surface from both of these horizons, but 

probably will not flow

ASHLEY COUNTY

Ashley County, with the exception of its north-central portion (PI III), is 

underlain by the gravels at the base of the Port Hudson (Quaternary) deposits. 

These outcrop on the southern prolongation of the Monticello Ridge, but through 

the rest of the county are buried by the silts and clays of the upper part of the 

Port Hudson, which in the southern and southwestern part attain a thickness 

of from 50 to 100 feet. These gravel beds furnish the most available water supply 

for this region (PI. XLTV). At Crossett the yield from three 8-inch wells is 200 

gallons per minute (7) The coarser gravels are generally just above the "black 

dirt," or Tertiary beds, and in-order to obtain the largest amount of water the 

wells should be drilled until this black dirt is encountered, then the casing should 

be pulled back a few feet

The only deep well (7) which has been sunk in this county obtained impotable water from the Eocene water sands (PI XXXVII, sees A, B, H), but wells 

in adjoining counties have yielded better results, and the conditions in the northern and eastern part, as indicated by the wells at Warren (19), Monticello (148- 

150), Dermott (24), Blissville (145), and Greenville (1039) are more favorable. 

These wells obtain water from the Cockfield water sands (p 84), and indicate 

that the best water-bearing sands in this group are to be expected in the eastern

o Numbers in parentheses refer to corresponding numbers used in table in Chapter V

113
114 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

part of the county at depths not exceeding 400 to 450 feet below sea level, or 500 

to 600 feet from the surface (PI XXXVII, sec A) The unsatisfactory character 

of the Portland and Empire wells is helieved to be due to their shallowncss; 

better water could probably be obtained by deepening them to 500 feet The 

water from this horizon will not flow, but in the bottom lands will rise almost 

to the surface

Wells should not be drilled deeper than 300 feet below sea level in the western 

part of the county and 450 feet in the eastern part, unless it is desired to reach 

the Sabme horizon This will be encountered at depths of from 800 feet below 

sea level in the western part to 1,000 feet in the eastern part Along Ouachita 

River and east of Overflow Creek and Bayou Bartholomew it will probably furnish 

flowing water, though the head will not be great (PI. XLII) The water from 

this lower horizon will probably be brackish (Compare results at Crossett (7) 

and Yazoo City (1046-1049) )

Water sands may be found for several hundred feet below this horizon, but 

these occurrences are not probable, and wells of greater depth are likely to prove 

unprofitable Below these he the noiiwater-bearing clays of the Midway and uppermost Cretaceous, and the next water honzon, which is reached 1,000 to 1,500 feet 

below, will probably yield very salty artesian water.

BHADLEY COUNTY*

The gravels underlying the terrace deposits are of possible importance as 

water carriers only in the southern and western parts of this county (PI XLIV). 

Here the buried gravel beds will be encountered at depths of from 20 to 100 feet 

Wells intended to yield large supplies should be drilled until the Tertiary beds, or 

"black dirt," is encountered, and the screen should be set a few feet above it in the 

coarse gravels

In the northern and northeastern parts of the county, around Warren, only 

the Tertiary water sands are of importance At Warren a number of wells (14-19) 

obtain hard water just below the Jackson (PI XXXVII, sees B, H) This supply, 

on account of the dip, is probably not available in the western part of the county. 

A bettei quality of water can he obtained by deepening these wells to the main 

Cockfield honzon, which underlies the whole county, and will be encountered at 

depths ranging from 200 feet below sea level in the western part to 300 feet (PI 

XLII) in the eastern The depth of the well of the Warren Stave Company, 1 

mile east of Warren (19), is believed to be excessive, the records of all the surrounding wells and the geologic structure show 110 reason why this well should 

be deeper than 500 feet (PI XXXVII, sees B, H). The" water obtained from 

this hoiizon is soft and alkaline, and in the southern part of the county, as suggested by the Crossett well (6), may be impotable

The lower Eocene or Sabme horizon, though not yet developed, will be 

encountered at depths ranging from 700 feet below sea level in the extreme northwestern part of the county to 800 feet in the southeastern part (PI XLI). At 

Bearden (628), and Crossett (7) water from this horizon has proved unsatisfactory, 

and while this layer has yielded good water in other places, its development is 

not recommended here unless the upper sands fail.
UNDERGROUND WATEK PROSPECTS -TN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 115 

CALHOTJN COUNTY

In Calhouii County the surface gravels arc relatively thin except in the 

southern and southwestern portions, where the Port Hudson terraces, 01 "flat 

lands," aie well developed (Pis III, XLIV, in pocket) These gravels have been 

developed in a 25-foot well, sunk by the Little Bay Lumber Company at Little 

Bay (21), and supply the domestic wells in the southern and western parts of 

the county (PI XXXVII, so,c H)

The upper Eocene or Cockfield water sands are relatively near the surface 

throughout the whole county, the base of this series ranges from near sea level 

in the western part of the county to slightly over 200 feet above sea level in the 

eastern pait. Wells should not be drilled much deeper unless it is intended to 

go to the Sabme horizon Water-bearing sands in the Cockfield have been encountered in the Beardcii well (628), just on the county line, between 300 and 312 

feet below the surface (PI XXXVII, sec K). The Thorntoii (23) and the Fordycc 

(142) wells likewise encountered water sands in this horizon,.which have been 

successfully developed in the latter The sand is relatively fine, and great care 

must be taken m properly selecting and setting the screen The Thornton well 

was probably not deep enough and was not properly finished It was abandoned 

after a time because of the fine sand This could perhaps have been avoided 

by pumping the well thoroughly when first completed, or introducing coarse sand 

and gravel as described above (p 107) Water from this horizon will rise to within 

10 to 100 feet of the surface, depending 011 the elevation of the ground

The Sabme horizon will be encountered at a depth of about 700 feet below 

sea level It is not likely to yield as good results as the upper horizon, and should 

not be drilled for until the upper sands have been thoroughly tested The water 

from this horizon may flow in the southern part of the county in the Ouachita 

and Bayou Moro bottoms (PI. XLI).

CHICOT COUNTY

Throughout Chicot County the Eocene strata aie everywhere buried by 

70 to 150 feet of Quaternary sands, gravels, and silts (PI XXXVII, sees A, H) 

These surficial beds are coarser near the base and will yield very large supplies 

of somewhat chalybeate water This water is used for locomotive purposes on 

the Iron Mountain Railway (10, 25), and in the adjacent portions of Mississippi 

on the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad (1007, 1040,1042), and by the cottonoil mill and other factories at Greenville, Miss It is the source of water for locfil 

gin and plantation purposes, except where cisterns arc used

Water of better quality can be obtained from the underlying Eocene beds at 

depths of 400 to 500 and 900 to 1,000"feet below sea level (PI XXXVII, sees A, H). 

Several minor horizons are encountered above the 400-foot stratum, as shown in 

the Blissville (145) and Empire (26) wells, but better water and more prolific 

yields are obtained from the main Cockfield horizon developed in the wells at 

Arkansas City (143), Dermott (24), Blissville (145), and Greenville (1039) Water 

from this horizon will not flow, but will everywhere rise to within a few feet of the 

surface. It is in every \vay the best water horizon available m this county
116 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND AKKANSAS.

The Sabine horizon, which will be encountered at depths of from 900 to 1,000 

feet, will furnish flowing water, except perhaps on the Bayou Macon Hills (Pis. 

Ill, XLI) The quality of this water can be determined only by drilling. At 

Crossett, Asliley County (6), it is quite salty, but across the river in Mississippi, 

at Cleveland (1003-1004), O'Reilly (1005), Iiidianola (1030), and Moorhead (1031), 

artesian water of satisfactory quality has been obtained

In no case will it be desirable at drill much below this Sabine horizon. The 

underlying uppermost Cretaceous water sands lie 1,000 to 1,500 feet below, and 

others m the same series occur at depths of 3,000 to 5,000 feet. The water from 

these Cretaceous horizons will probably be artesian, but it is likely to be highly 

mineral

CLABK COUNTY

Both topographically and geologically Clark County shows two major divisions to the northeast is a hilly, rocky country representing a portion of the Ouach-

«»o .

/^^,x

---^ ^-..

"<<s [*+ZZ]r>«.

FIG '29 ScUion from Antome to Gurdon, Vrk , ihowmg water-bearing horizons

ita Mountains, and to the southwest is a lower, dirt country, which is a part of the 

Coastal Plain

In the mountain region the water supply is very irregular. It occurs in local 

gravel beds of no great extent or continuity, in the alluvial fillings in the creek 

bottoms, and very irregularly through the bed rock itself. Deep wells must depend 

on the supply from the bed rock, and, while water-bearing sandstones occur throughout, it is not possible at this time to make any definite predictions Wells may 

obtain satisfactory supplies within a few hundred feet, and it is quite possible to 

drill 1,000 feet or more without obtaining a good supply

In the Coastal Plain portion of this county there are three groups of sands 

the Bingen, Nacatoch and Sabine which outcrop in northeast-southwest belts 

and slope southeasterly in a very regular manner. The lowest of there, the 

Bingen sand, outcrops in a very narrow and somewhat disconnected band along 

the border of the Paleozoic rocks (Pis 111, XXXVIII, in pocket). It underlies 

the whole county southeast of the outcrop, and its upper portion will be encountered at the depths shown on Pis. XXXVII (sec. G) and XXXVIII and fig. 29.
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 117

It will furnish flowing water along Ouachita River, Terre Noire Creek, Antoine 

Creek, and Little Missouri River At Daleville and Arkadelphia it furnishes artesian saltwater, in the Ross well, near Bradshaw (46), artesian brackish water; and in 

the Gaither well (47) soft water Near1 Okolona and in southwestern Pike County 

the water is usually spft and alkaline.

The well of Ross & Trickett at the town of Okolona (111) was abandoned just 

before the Bingen horizon was reached It should have been about 50 feet deeper 

(fig. 29) The well of the Burtsell Lumber Company at Burtsell (50) was started 

near the base of the Nacatoch sand, and to leach the Bingen must have penetrated 

both the Marlbrook and Brownstown formations To obtain the best results a well 

at this point should be slightly over 600 feet deep (fig 29). The test well of the 

Grayson-McLeod Lumber Company at Gurdon (83) did not reach this horizon by 

about 300 feet Above the Bingen horizon there is a thin stratum containing very 

hard water, which is of some value for local domestic wells near and south of Okolona. 

It has been encountered at Okolona in the Ross & Trickett well (111), the old 

Academy well (112), and perhaps the Cargill well (113). It also furnishes the 

supply in the Hamilton well (116), 3 miles southeast of Okolona. The depth and 

position of the Burtsell test well indicate either that this horizon is locally absent 

or that it would have been encountered within a few feet At Gurdon this 

horizon yields a very small flow of artesian salt water.

From 200 to 500 feet above the Bingen sand the outcropping from 4 to 10 

miles south of it is the Nacatoch sand (Pis. Ill, XXXVIII and fig 29) This is the 

source of all the water along the Iron Mountain Railway, and will be encountered 

in any part of the county southeast of the railroad by going to the proper depth. 

A restriction on the development of this layer is, however, imposed by the fact 

that 2 to 10 miles south of the outcrop the water becomes quite salty (p 80). 

Flowing wells from this horizon are possible over considerable areas.

If potable well water is to be developed at Arkadelphia it can be obtained only 

in the uppermost layer of the Nacatoch (see well 27), and even m this case there 

is danger that pumping will bring in salt water The lower sands between bed 

rock and the Nacatoch, as shown by the wells at the ice factory (27) and Daleville 

(71, 73), will yield only rather salty water

Five or 6 miles south of the Nacatoch outcrop are the basal sandy beds of 

the Sabme (Eocene), which supply numerous springs and in which shallow wells 

can easily be finished at almost any point

Besides these upper Cretaceous and Eocene horizons, large gravel deposits, 

partially filling the o d valleys (p 86), occur along the mam stream channels, as 

Ouachita, Terre Noire, Antoine, and Little Missouri rivers In the Little Missouri 

bottoms in southern Pike County these gravels are encountered at depths of 80 to 

100 feet Everywhere they furnish large supplies of water of very poor quality

CLEVELAND COUNTY.

With the exception of the gravel deposits, ] 0 to 30 feet thick, in the Saline Bayou 

and Bayou Moro bottoms, which yield water of poor quality, important water supplies can be obtained in this county only from the Eocene strata
118 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

The beds of the Cockfield water-sand group range from sea level at the northwest corner of the county to almost 300 feet below sea level in the southeast corner 

(PI XLII) Along the line of the Iron Mountain Railway it is about 200 feet 

below sea level (PI XXXVII, sec K). This horizon has been developed in the 

Fordyce (142), Clio or Anderson (125), and Kedron or Kendalls (127) wells. It was 

encountered in the Pmo Bluff wells (412, 415A), but these wells were continued 

to the Sabine horizon. Above the mam Cockfield sand, which is veiy persistent, 

there are several irregular horizons which have been developed at Kmgsland (128- 

129), Draughon (126), and Rison (132) (PI XXXVII, sec. K) Similar-occurrences are to be expected throughout the county

Wells should not be continued below the base of the Cockfield sands unless 

they are to go to the Sabine horizon, which will be found at depths ranging from 

650 to 750 feet below sea level (Pis XXXVII, sees B, H, K, XL1) Between 

the base of the Cockfield sands and the Sabine sands no water has been encountered 

in this region. The Sabine horizon has been developed at Pine Bluff (410-415) 

where it yields excellent water, and at Bearden (628), with less satisfactory results

Only one failure has been reported in this county, the Porter Lumber Company 

well at Rison (133). This did not succeed in developing the Cockfield sands, which 

are reported in all the surrounding wells, and it did not go deep enough to reach 

the Sabine sands. It is believed that successful wells can be developed at Rison in 

both these horizons.

COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Wells from which large yields of good water are desired must, in Columbia 

County, be finished in the Eocene beds At any point above the Midway and 

Cretaceous depc sits water-bearing beds are likely to be encountered Below the 

Midway no good water is to be expected unless it is found in the sub-Clarksville 

sand, 2,000 to 2,500 feet below the basal Sabine. The extreme depth to which it is 

advisable to sink wells in the region north of the Red River fault line (PI XL1) 

ranges from 100 feet below sea level in the extreme northwestern part of the county 

to 600 feet in the southeastern part, and in all cases water is to be expected above 

this extreme depth South of the fault line it is not advisable to go deeper than 200 

feet below sea level (Pis. XXXVII, sees E, H; XLI). Many successful wells have 

been finished in the Sabine sands at New Lewisville and Stamps, Lafayette County, 

and similar developments are to be expected here In the Waldo well (141) water 

was encountered at the proper depth, but the supply was not deemed sufficient, and 

the well was deepened without results This failure is not believed to affect the 

probabilities over a veiy wide area, as it is clearly due to essentially local conditions.

Flowing water has been developed from a shallow well in the Eocene sands at 

Fomby (135), in the southeastern part of the county, and flowing wells may possibly 

be developed on the headwaters of Smackover and Dorcheat creeks

DALLAS COUNTY

In Dallas County the whole of the Eocene water sa ids are available, and there 

should be no difficulty in developing a good horizon at any place The depth of 

profitable development ranges from near the surface in the northwestern part of the
UNDERGROUND WATKR PROSPECTS IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 119

county to about 700 feet below sea level in the southeastern part (Pis XXXVII, 

sees G, K, XLI, XLII). Flowing water is not to be expected over wide areas, but 

may occur locally under conditions similar to those described on page 82.

But one deep well has been finished in this county, that of the Fordyce Lumber 

Company, at Fordyce (142), which is supplied by the Cockfield sands

In the "flat lands" in the southwestern portion of the county, along Ouachita 

River, extensive gravel beds underlie the surface deposits, and will yield more or 

less satisfactory supplies at depths ranging from 25 to 100 feet.

DESIIA COUNTY.

The beds outcropping in Desha County are entirely Quaternary silts, sands, and 

gravels These beds are from 70 to 150 feet thick, are commonly coarser near the 

base (Pis. XXXVII, sees A, G, H; XLIV), and contain abundant water supplies. 

Wells to yield large supplies, as for railroad and gin purposes, should >be finished 

in these coarser layers Ordinary drive* wells are practicable m any part of the 

county, and range in depth from 25 to 75 feet. Water from tliese beds la used at 

Dermott (25), and at Greenville (1040), and Shaw, Miss (1007), for locomotive 

purposes. ,

Water of better quality can be obtained in -any part of- the county from the 

older Tertiary beds underlying these surficial sands and .gravels The base of the 

Cockfield water sands will be encountered at depths ranging from 300 to 400 feet 

below sea level (Pis. XXXVII, sec. A; XLII). The successful wells at Rosedale 

(1006), Arkansas City (143), and Dermott (24) are finished in this horizon. Flowing 

water is reported from the Rosedale well, and artesian wells of very weak pressure 

may be expected over a portion of the northeastern part of the county. In the 

western and southern portions the water will not flow, but it will come very near 

the surface. , -

The' Sabine horizon, which is the one' developed in the wells at Pine Bluff 

(410-415), Jonestown (1010), Lyon (1011), Cleveland (1003-1004), O'Reilly (1005) 

Dockery (1028), Doddsville (1029), Ruleville (1032), and Moorhead (1031), will be 

encountered in this county at depths ranging from 750 to 900 feet below sea level. 

It will yield flowing water in the eastern part of the county (PL XLI).

 h

DREW COUNTY.

In Drew County the best water supply is obtained from the Coekfield water 

sands (PI. XXXVII, sees A, H) In developing these water sands, wells seldom 

need be sunk over 300 feet below sea level in the western part of the county and 400 

in the eastern part; and in many cases they can be finished at less depths Deeper 

wells are reported at Monticello, but unless the development of the sands at that 

place is of a very peculiar and local character, there is no reason for the wells going 

more than 450 feet below sea level (see well 148, p. 244i; PI. XXXVII, sec. H). At 

Wilmar a higher horizon is encountered, which corresponds, more or less, to the 

stratum developed in the shallow wells about Warren (14-18), where it yields hard 

water. At Blissville (145) several sands in the same series^are found below the 

surficial gravel. , . , 

1393 No 46 06 10
120 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER Oif LOUISIANA A1STD ARKANSAS.

No wells have as yet developed 'the Sabine horizon in this county, and there 

seems to be little reason why they should This horizon was reached in the Gates 

Lumber Company test well at Wilmar (151), but because of the large yield of the 

upper strata it was not developed It is to be expected throughout the county at 

depths ranging from 700 to 750 feet in the western part to 900 feet on the eastern 

side ' *

The surficial sands and gravels occurring at the base of the terraces flanking 

the Monticollo Ridge are developed in a number of minor wells. Along the east 

side of Bayou Bartholomew these gravels yield, as throughout the Mississippi bottom, 

large supplies of water For waterworks purposes/wells should, however, be finished 

in the underlying Eocene sands. '

GRANT COUNTY

No deep wells have as yet been sunk in this county, but the general conditions" 

can be rather confidently'outlined from the geologic structure and the data furnished 

by wells in the surrounding counties

The sand beds forming the sandy hills in the northwestern part of the county 

dip regularly under it', and at the southeast corner are about 600 to 700 feet 

below sea level This is the horizon developed in the Pine Bluff wells (PI XXXVII, 

sec G), and at Sheridan it will probably be encountered at about 200 feet below sea 

level (PI XLI). Other sands in the Eocene occur above this one. The Cockfield 

group of water sands, which'has been encountered in the wells at Redfield (416; PL 

XXXVII, sec B) and Pine Bluff (412, 415A), and which has been developed at 

Kedron, Clio, and Fordyce (PI XXXVII, sec K) may be profitably developed1 in 

the eastern part of the county (PL XLII) At Sheridan this horizon will be encountered at a depth slightly above sea level, and in the southeast corner of the county 

will be found at something over 200 feet below sea level

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY

In Hempstead County there are three belts of sandy land in which springs are 

common and where soft water can ordinarily be obtained at any point in shallow 

surface wells These three belts are the outcrops of the Bingen, Nacatoch, and 

Sabine water sands (Pis. Ill; XXXVII, sees. D, E). Each of these sands dips regularly southward at a rate of 60 to 80 feet per mile, and may be reached at any point 

south of the outcrops by going to the proper depths (Pis. XXXVIII, XLI)

The Bingen sand outcrops in the northwest corner of the county in the vicinity 

of Bingen (PL XXXVIII), from which place it takes its name, and is the natural 

source of underground water supply in the calcareous clay lands of the Brownstown and Marlbrook formations (PL III) It has been extensively developed in 

southern Pike and Howard counties, where it* generally yields excellent soft alkaline water In Hempstead County it has been developed only about Bell (156-160) 

and Ozan (342). Failures are reported at Dotson (165), Columbus (162), Washington (356), and Yancey (362) In each of these cases there is no doubt that if 

the wells were deepened slightly they would yield water. The first three wells 

have not gone deep enough by from 50 to 150 feet to reach the uppermost Bingen
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 121

or sub-Clarksville sand (p 76) The Yancey well, however, must have passed this 

horizon, and so is the only well reported in southern Arkansas which has been sunk 

deep enough to reach the sub-Clarksville sand, yet has not succeeded in obtaining 

water from it In this case, however, there are several lower horizons (PI XXXVII, 

sec E), but it would not be advisable under any circumstances to sink the well 

deeper than 1,000 feet At Washington a contract should be made for a well 1,000 

feet deep, with the privilege of stopping if water is encountered above this point. 

Water can confidently be guaranteed at Washington in some one of the Bmgen 

horizons. Where the Bmgen sands underlie the Nacatoch the head in the upper 

beds will probably be greater than in the lower, and the attempt to get flowing 

water at Hope (321) was therefore a misguided venture. The upper Bmgen sand 

will be encountered here at a depth of about 1,100 feet below sea level (PI XXXVII, 

sec. D); but the water will not flow and will probably be more highly mineral than 

that in the Nacatoch sand already developed.

The Nacatoch sand which forms the sandy belt of country just south of Saratoga, Columbus, and Washington, like its continuation eastward in Nevada and 

Clark counties, has been extensively developed along the Iron Mountain Railway 

(p 78) It has a thickness of from 75 to 150 feet, can be confidently expected 

at any point south of the outcrop, and over wide areas will furnish flowing water 

(PI XXXVIII). For variations in the pressure head, see page 78

The Sabme sands supply all the water used in the southern part of the county,, 

and while no deep wells have been sunk in this area the well of the Lewisville Lumber Company (426), just across the line in Lafayette County, indicates the possibilities in the extreme southern and southeastern portions of Hempstcad County 

In no case will it be desirable to go below sea level in attempting to devel'op these 

sands (Pis XXXVII, sees D, E; XLI).

Under the Red River flood plain are extensive deposits of gravel at depths of 

about 80 feet (198), which will yield large supplies of very poor water (PI XLIV).

In the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds it is not always necessary to case the wells 

below the surface "caving dirt," but better results can be obtained by so doing.

HOT SPRING COUNTY.

Hot Spring County is roughly divided by Ouachita River and the Iron 

Mountain Railway into two sections a hilly, rocky area to the west, which is a 

portion of the Ouachita Mountains, and a rolling dirt c6untry to the east, which is 

a part of the Coastal Plain. In only the southeastern part of the county are the 

underground-water prospects very favorable

In the mountain region large underground supplies can be obtained only by 

drilling blindly into the rock and continuing the hole until enough "water veins" 

are encountered to furnish the desired amount This, on the whole, is a very -uncertain proceeding, and while water of a satisfactory quality and quantity may be 

obtained at a/depth of a tew hundred feet, wells may be drilled to 1,000 feet or more 

without satisfactory results. In the valley of Ouachita River there are gravel 

deposits 20 to 50 feet thick which in places will yield good supplies, but generally 

wells must be continued into bed rock, as near Malvern (362A). On the whole,
122 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

in the case of the town of Malvern, it will probably be more feasible either to make 

a reservoir in the mountains or to develop a spring supply from the high sandy 

hills south and southeast of the town than to obtain water from a series of wells 

The Sabine sands which outcrop along this line of hills dip southeastward and in 

the southeastern part of the county will be found at depths not below sea level. 

In this portion of the county there is no reason for drilling wells deeper than the 

basal Sabine water sands (PI XLI).

HOWARD COUNTY

South of the mountains in Howard County the two most important waterbearing formations are the Trinity and the Bingen.

The Trinity is here of minor importance The beds are quite clayey, somewhat calcareous and gypseous, and the best water-bearing beds are probably just 

above bed rock There is therefore no reason for abandoning wells until bed rock 

is encountered, but before a well is started care should be taken to roughly estimate the depth required and determine whether or not the cost ia prohibitive and 

whether the well tools are sufficient The depth to bed rock may be roughly estimated by multiplying^ the slope of the surface of the bed rock, which is about 125 

feet per mile, by the distance in a north-south direction between the point at which 

bed rock outcrops and that at which the well is to be sunk But one deep well has 

'has been drilled in this area that of D J Sassamen (393) north of Centerpomt 

(PL XXXVII, sec F). This is finished in the lower layer of the Trinity

South of Centerpoint and extending to Mine Creek is the outcrop of the Bingen 

formation (Pis. IV, XXXVIII) This forms a sandy country in which shallow 

wells can easily be finished In the Bingen formation there are several waterbearing sands, and near the line between it and the overlying Brownstown formation wells can either develop the upper layers or be drilled for 400 to 500 feet into 

the basal layers, passing through several different horizons in the operation.

The uppermost layer of this series is the one most commonly developed in 

the southern part of Howard County, where it supplies many deep and artesian 

wells (PI. XXXVIII) These wells are commonly finished with but a few feet of 

iron or wood casing, which passes through only the upper or "caving dirt " The 

water is turbid, however, when the wells are not cased to the top of the water-bearing 

strata, and casing is recommended for all wells (See well 386, p 253.) The head 

is lowering in this region, Indicating that the development has already exceeded 

the rate of supply, and care must be exercised to prevent needless waste and leakage into the upper or "caving dirt" (p 78).

JEFFERSON COUNTY. ,»-

In Jefferson County the Quaternary gravels, which underlie the terrace 

deposits and the river bottoms, afford the most usual source of underground supply 

east of Bayou Bartholomew and Arkansas River (PI XLIV). Driven wells are 

common, but for large supplies wells should be sunk to the coarser gravels which 

overlie the older Eocene deposits. These will be encountered at depths ranging 

from 50 to 125 feet. These surficial gravels supply the water used in the ice factory
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN SOUTHERN. ARKANSAS. . 123

and stave company's plant at Pine.Bluff- (409B, 415), and formerly supplied the 

waterworks (412).

Water of much better quality can, however, be obtained at any point in the 

county from the underlying Eocene water sands (PI. XXXVII, sees. B, G). The 

Cockfield horizon, is found from-very near sea level in the northwestern part of 

the county to about 250 feet below sea level in the southeastern part (PI. XLII). 

This horizon has been encountered at Redfield (416) and in the deeper wells at 

Pine Bluff (412, 415A), but it was not developed because the yield did not seem 

sufficient. It is, however, a very good horizon and in most wells should be carefully 

tested to see if it will'not yield the desired amount. This horizon has been developed in at least one well at Pine Bluff (409A) and supplies the large mills at Clio 

and Kedron (PI. XXXVII, sec. K).

The Sabine water horizon is developed in many wells at Pine Bluff, where it 

is encountered at about 700 feet below sea level. It is available throughout the 

whole county at depths ranging from 200 feet below sea level in -the northwestern 

part to 800 feet in the extreme southeastern part (Pis. XXXVII, sees. B,G; XLI). 

Water will rise very near the surface in the bottom lands from both the Cockfield 

and Sabine horizons, but will probably not flow over any considerable area.

LAFAYETTE COUNTY.

In Lafayette County there are two principal sources of underground-water 

supply (1) the Quaternary gravels and sands under the terraces and river bottoms 

and (2) the sands in the Sabine formation.

The first are available in the flat lands along the St. Louis Southwestern Railway from New Lewisville to near the State line at depths less than 150 feet 

(Pis. XXXVII, sees. D, H; XLIV). They supply water for many local wells and also 

for the large mills at Bolinger or Kress City (417; PI. XXXVII, sec. D).

The Sabine sands have been developed in the following wells: Lewisville 

Lumber Company (426), Sunny South Lumber Company (423), Red River Lumber 

Company (420), court-house (424), and Moore (425), near New Lewisville, and 

at Stamps (427-429) and Frostville (419). Flowing water has been developed 

along Bayou Bodcau (PI. XLI), and it is possible that it may be obtained along 

Red River from near the Cotton Belt Railway bridge southward. The head is, 

however, very variable (pp. 81-82) and no definite predictions of flowing wells are 

possible. The best water is usually developed in the upper of the group of water 

sands, and in no case would it be advisable to go below the depths indicated on 

PI. XLI.

LINCOLN COUNTY.

No deep wells have yet been sunk in Lincoln County, though the undergroundwater prospects are very favorable. The Cockfield sands will be encountered at a 

depth of about 300 feet below sea level in the whole county. This horizon is developed at the following places: Rosedale (1006), Arkansas City (143), Dermott (24), 

Monticello (148-150), Warren (151-153), Wilmar (19), Kedron (127), and Clio (125). 

It is also encountered in the wells at Pine Bluff (Pis. XXXVII, sees. B, G; XLII). 

The Sabine or main Pine Bluff horizon will be found at depths of about 750 to 800
124 . GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

feet below sea level (PI. XLI). It is not probable that water from either of these 

horizons or groups of horizons will flow, but in the bottom lands it will rise to within 

a few feet of the surface. Near and east of Bayou Bartholomew (PI. XLIV) 

abundant supplies can be obtained in the Quaternary gravels at depths not exceeding 150 feet, but the water in the Lagrange sands is generally of better quality.

LITTLE KIVEK COUNTY.

Little River County is almost completely buried beneath the surficial deposits 

of the Lafayette and Port Hudson (PI. III). These range in thickness from a few 

to 80 feet (434, 440, 443, 444, 448). The gravel beds in the thicker sections are 

covered with layers of clay and sand, as in the terrace deposits farther south, and 

will commonly yield large supplies of water. Beneath these beds water can be 

obtained from the upper Cretaceous beds in all parts of the county except the northwest corner. In the region north of the outcrop of the Bingen formation (PI. Ill) 

the only horizon of importance is the basal Trinity. Its depth in this portion of 

the county is from 1,000 to 1,500 feet (p. 76). 

Along the Bingen outcrop shallow wells can often be finished in one of the 

several water-bearing Bingen sands, and will yield soft water. The Bingen group 

dips regularly beneath the county, and water can be confidently expected in it in 

the southern and southwestern portions, although no wells have as yet been successfully completed. In southern Sevier County many wells have been completed to 

different horizons of the Bingen which are from 300 to 900 feet below the Annona 

chalks (PI. XXXVII, sec. F). In northeastern Texas the several Bingen horizons 

are more widely separated. The uppermost, the sub-Clarksville sand, occurs 500 

feet below the Annona, and the Woodbine, or lower Bingen, occurs at depths of 

from 1,000 to 1,500 feet (PI. XXXVII, sec. H). The extensive development, of 

these horizons in both Howard and Sevier counties (PI. XXXVIII) and their 

occurrence in the wells at Clarksville and Paris, Tex., clearly indicate that they 

will be found in Little River County.

1 Of the deep wells sunk in the southern and southwestern parts of the county, 

only the one at Hudson (443) has developed an adequate water supply. This 

is a very hard water'and is derived from a cavernous place in the Annona chalk 

(PI. XXXVII, sec. F). The upper Bingen or sub-Clarksville sand is at this place 

about 300 feet deeper. Wells at Rocky Comfort (445, 448) have all been abandoned without results. Of these only the Walker gin well was at all near the 

proper depth. This appears to have about reached the upper Bingen, and it is 

suggested that it be pushed 100 feet deeper. If no results are obtained at that 

point, it will be necessary to go to the lower Bingen or Woodbine horizons (PI. 

XXXVII, sees. H, F). However, the sub-Clarksville sand is expected to yield 

results. In the case of the DeLong well on Red River (448) it will be necessary to 

go to a depth of at least 1,000 feet (PI. XXXVIII).

In the southeast corner of the county the Nacatoch sand is available. Its 

northern edge was encountered in the Hudson well (443; PI. XXXVII, sec. F), 

and it has been developed at several points along Red River (436-440). In quality 

the water from the Nacatoch sands varies from soft to very salty alkaline. This
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 125

horizon is encountered in the deep wells at Texarkana, where the water is quite 

brackish. It may be developed at any point south of a line about 2 miles north of 

. the upper outcrop shown on PL XXXVIII and at the depths indicated.

MILLER COUNTY.

The irregular mantle of gravels and sands which covers the older-Tertiary 

and Cretaceous beds in this region is thicker in the valleys,.and it is such a local 

development that furnishes much of the present water supply of Texarkana (479). 

The demand, here has already exceeded the supply. Along the Red River flood 

plain and the main terraces accompanying it these gravel deposits are thicker and 

more uniform and yield inexhaustible supplies (PL XLIV); here the coarser gravel 

beds may generally be reached at depths of from 80 to 100 feet (198, 464, 468).

Of the Cretaceous water-bearing sands only the uppermost (Nacatoch) has 

thus far been developed. It underlies 'the whole of the county, but its development is restricted by the fact that at a varying distance south of the outcrop the 

water is so salty that it can not be used The position of the top of this horizon 

varies from 150 feet above sea level in the extreme northeastern part of the county 

to from 1,400 to 1,700 feet at the Red River-Alabama Landing fault line (Pis. 

XXXVII, sec. F; XXXVIII); south'of the fault it is horizontal and about 800 

feet below sea level This horizon has been developed along Red,River as far 

south as Dooleys Ferry, and furnishes artesian water of good quality (196-202, 

463-468; PI XXXVIII). A well about a mile south of Dooleys Ferry (462) was 

abandoned just before reaching the requisite depth. South of this point along 

Red River this horizon probably contains salty water At Garland it would be 

encountered at about 1,200 feet, and might furnish flowing water with a very low 

pressure.

West and south of Red River nearly all the wells yield salty water (473-476, 

478-480A), and it is important to consider the depths and probable water value 

of the underlying Cretaceous sand. The uppermost horizon of the Bmgen formation, the sub-Clarksville sand (p 76), is extensively developed in southern Sevier 

and Howard counties, where it furnishes artesian water. The water at Saline 

Landing (404) is brackish, and this fact suggests that deeper m the embed all the 

water will 'be brackish. However, at Clarksville, Tex. (PI XXXVII, sec. H) this 

horizon has yielded satisfactory water, and is therefore regarded as of possible 

importance as a source of supply in this region, where it will be found about 1,500 

feet below the Nacatoch. The uppermost Woodbine sand, which in northeastern 

Texas is 500 feet below the sub-Clarksville, yields very salty water, but the basal 

Woodbine sands, 500 feet still lower, offer better possibilities, though they are 

likewise likely to yield mineral water. The basal Woodbine horizon is reported 

to have yielded fresh water at Clarksville, Tex. (1114; PL XXXVII, sec. H). The 

Paris, Tex , well penetrated all the Woodbine sands without developing a satisfactory horizon, but Hill a has suggested that sufficient precautions were not taken 

.to case off the salty water in the upper Woodbine sands and that the quality of 

the water was therefore not satisfactorily determined,

a Twenty-first Ann Kept U S.Geol Survey,pt 7,1901,p 630 '
126 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

In southern Miller County the best results are to be expected from the Sabme 

sands, these outcrop about as shown on PI. XLI, and may be expected at depths 

not greater than those indicated. This horizon has been developed in shallow 

wells at Texarkana "(1067-1068), Boggy (456-458), and Fort Lynn (461). The 

flowing well at Missionary, La (803) and the wells at Frostvillc (419) and around 

New Lewisville (423-429) develop members of this group of horizons (PI. XXXVII, 

sees. D, H). This is the most promising source of water along the Red River Valley 

from about 5 miles north of Garland southward. At Garland water-bearing sands 

of this group should be found at depths not exceeding 300 to 400 feet, from which 

the water will rise very near the surface, if it does not flow,over in a feeble stream.

NEVADA COUNTY.

Besides the sands and gravels of late Tertiary and Quaternary age which cover 

much of the county and attain thicknesses of from 40 to 80 feet in the main river 

bottoms, where they yield large supplies of water of poor quality, there are in 

Nevada County three principal water-bearing formations the Bingen (p 76), the 

Nacatoch (p 78), and the Sabine (p. 83).

The Bingen formation outcrops in Pike and Clark counties (Pis III, XXXVIII) 

and dips regularly southeastward beneath Nevada County. Many wells have been 

developed in this horizon in southern Pike County, and it will in time be extensively developed in Nevada County, north of the sandy outcrop of the Nacatoch 

formation (PI. Ill), where it will be encountered at the depths indicated on 

PI. XXXVIII But .one deep well has been attempted in this region, that of J. T. 

Williamson on Black Creek (537). It was abandoned at a depth of 285 feet; the 

depth of the Bingen at this point is about 600 feet.

The Nacatoch sand forms a sandy belt of land extending from Garlandsville 

northeastward across the county (Pis. Ill, XXXVIII). In the region south of the 

outcrop this water horizon is everywhere available, and has been very widely and 

extensively developed. Along all the main stream valleys it will furnish artesian 

water, though the head varies greatly because of the differences in elevation of the 

outcrop, losses by leakage, and resistance (p. 78). Throughout the whole region 

the demand has exceeded the supply and the pressure is everywhere decreasing. 

The effect of this decrease will be felt first near the outcrop and will gradually 

affect the region to the south.

The Sabine beds form the sandy lands south of the Arkadelphia clay belt (PI. 

Ill) In this region good springs are numerous and little difficulty is experienced 

in finishing shallow wells. Deep wells may be completed in this formation in the 

central and southern parts of the county, the lower limit of profitable development 

being about 500 feet below sea level in the extreme southeastern part of the county 

(PI. XLI). The pressure head in the Sabine sand in this region will vary almost 

directly with the local elevation (pp. 81-82).

OUAOHITA COUNTY.

In Ouachita County the surficial gravels, where developed along the St. Louis 

Southwestern Railway, have not yielded very satisfactory results. Supplies have 

been developed at Little Bay (21), across the line in Calhoun County, and at Bearden
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 127

(628A), Eagle Mills (634), and Millville (635), but m all cases the supply is likely 

to fail in dry weather In the main flood plain of the Ouachita, especially on the 

eastern side, the supply from this source will generally be quite abundant and in-the 

terrace lands will usually be sufficient for ordinary purposes. Deep wells can be 

developed throughout the county in the undertymg Eocene beds. The Cockfield 

horizon (PI. XXXVII, sec K) is available in shallow wells just west of Ouachita 

River and in deep wells east of it. This horizon has been encountered in the Millville (635) and Bearden (628) wells at depths of 153 to 170 and 300 to 310 feet, 

respectively. In neither was it developed, in the first case the failure was due to 

lack of a proper screen, and in the second to a desire to develop a thicker horizon, 

which the driller's experience at Pine Bluff had taught him might be expected. 

With proper screens and exhaustive pumping (p. 107) this horizon can be expected 

to yield good results. Indeed, it is regarded as the most promising east of Ouachita 

River.

The Sabine horizon, which has been developed in the Bearden well (628), 

PI. XXXVII, sec. K), where it furnishes a highly alkaline water, containing much 

fine sand, occurs at depths ranging from sea level in the northwestern part of the 

county to 700 feet below sea level in the extreme southeastern part (PI. XLI). 

This is not to be regarded as a very promising horizon, but it is worth drilling for 

if the other supplies can not be obtained. At Waldo (141), Bearden (628), and 

Crossett (6), the three nearest wells developing this horizon, the results have been 

unsatisfactory

In no case is it advisable to go much below the depth indicated on PI. XLI.

PIKE COUNTY.

The Coastal Plain strata underlie only the extreme southeastern part of Pike 

County The remainder is a very rocky, hilly region, in which the hard Paleozoic 

rocks are very near the surface, and the obtaining of a large water supply in bed 

rock is merely a matter of chance. Wells may develop a good supply within a 

few hundred feet of the surface or may go 1,000 feet or more without, resuks

In the region^-of the Trinity outcrop (PI III) the water is wholly from shallow 

wells, which obtain their supply from the surficial gravel overlying the Cretaceous 

clays. The Trinity formation is here a calcareous clay of practically no waterbearing value (687, 693, 694, PI XXXVII, sec E).

Only along and south of the Bmgen outcrop, in the extreme southeastern 

part of the county, are deep wells practicable. The sand beds in the Bingen formation dip regularly southward and have been encountered at many points (PI. 

XXXVIII). Flowing water is obtained along Little Missouri Valley and some 

of the streams tributary to it. The water is soft and alkaline in freely flowing 

wells, but in other wells, which are cased only through the upper "caving dirt, 1 ' 

it stands in contact with the overlying calcareous clays and becomes quite hard. 

The wells in southern Pike County, with the exception of the Key well at Delight 

(688), develop the uppermost Bingen horizon It is quite likely that other sands 

will be encountered at intervals for 100 or 200 feet below this horizon (PI. XXXVII, 

sec. E). '
128 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Besides the mantle of gravel found all over this region, there are thick deposits 

in the river valleys which contain abundant supplies of very poor water. In the 

southeastern part of the county these gravel beds often prove very troublesome 

to the driller, and care must always be taken to fasten the casing firmly into the 

clay to prevent the leakage of the Bingen water.

PULASKI COUNTY.

In the mountainous parts of Pulaski County, or roughly the region northwest of the main line of the Iron Mountain Railway, the only underground water 

supply of known importance is that contained in the gravels which underlie the 

main flood plain and terraces of Arkansas River. These beds have been developed 

at Baring Cross (707) and East Little Rock (708), and are apparently the most 

important underground supply in the immediate vicinity of Little Rock They 

follow Arkansas River into the Coastal Plain region, southeast of the main line 

of the Iron Mountain Railway, and are available along the river near the southeastern part of the county (PL XLIV) at depths not exceeding 150 feet

The sandy beds of the Eocene outcrop in the triangular area south of Little 

Rock, between the main line and the Alexandria branch of the Iron Mountain 

Railway (PL III). These beds dip southeast, and in the extreme southeastern 

part of the county, in the lowlands along Arkansas River, the conditions are very 

favorable for flowing water, which has already been reported in a well at Sweet 

Home (709). The depth to the lower Eocene sands varies from sea level near 

Wrightsville to 500 feet below sea level in the extreme southeastern part of the 

county (PI XLI), and other horizons are to be expected above this one (PL XXXVII, 

sec. B; XLII).

SALINE COUNTY.

Saline County is roughly divided by the Iron Mountain Railway into a hilly, 

rocky portion, which is a part of the Ouachita'Mountains, and a rolling dirt country, 

which is a part of the Coastal Plain (PL III).

In the Ouachita Mountains portion the deep-water conditions are very irregular, and no definite predictions can be made The water supply, is almost wholly 

from surface wells, and the chances of obtaining water in deep wells are very uncertain East of the railroad are the sandy hills of the basal Sabine formation'. These 

dip southeastward (Pis XLI, XLII), and the conditions are favorable for deep 

wells in the eastern part of the county. The chances for flowing water along 

and east of the Iron- Mountain Railway are very good In no case will it be 

advisable to go deeper than shown on PI XLI, or about 250 feet below sea level 

in the extreme southeastern part of the county (PL XXXVII, sec. B)

Along Arkansas River there are thick gravel beds which will be reached at 

depths not exceeding 150 feet. These will yield large supplies.

SEVIEB COUNTY.

In the portion of Sevier County south of the rocky, mountain lands there 

are three principal water-bearing formations the Trinity, the Bingen, and the 

surficial deposits.
UNDERGROUND WATFB PKOSPECTS IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS. 129

The Trinity formation, which occurs along the edge of the Paleozoic rocks 

(PI. Ill), is here predominantly clayey and of much less importance than in 

northeastern Texas. On the whole, the best water and the most prolific yield 

in this formation is to be expected near its base, and a deep well should not be 

undertaken in the area north of the Bingen outcrop and south of the Paleozoic 

rocks without planning to push it to bed rock. The,depth at which bed rock will 

be encountered will be roughly found by multiplying the distance in miles between 

the Paleozoic-Trinity border and the point where the well is to be sunk by the 

average rate of slope, 100 to 125 feet per mile. A well at Lockesburg would have 

to be sunk about 800 or 900 feet, and one at Morris Ferry about 1,200 feet to reach 

the base of the Trinity and fully determine the water possibilities of that formation at that point. Only one deep well has been tried in this area, that of D J 

Sassamen, near Centerpoint (PI XXXVII, sec. F), which is 500 feet deep and 

obtains a hard chalybeate water (393). A second well, 200 feet deep, sunk 4 miles 

south of Lockesburg (742), was abandoned without results. It was too far north 

to draw on any of the horizons of the Bingen sand (PI XXXVII, sec F), and 

would have had to be drilled to a depth of about 1,100 or 1,200 feet to reach the 

base of the Trinity, the horizon reached in the Sassamen well

The Bingen formation contains the most important water horizons in this 

county, but it is available only in the southeastern portion (Pis. Ill, XXXVII, 

sec. F, XXXVIII), where about Ben Loinond it supplies many artesian wells. 

In this formation, which is here from 400 to 500 feet thick, there are several waterbearing strata, and wells have been finished in nearly all of them, though most 

commonly in the topmost. The water is soft and somewhat alkaline, though 100 

to 200 feet above the uppermost Bingen sand, and probably in the Brownstown 

formation there is a thin stratum which yields a hard, bitter water (735-740). 

A better water can always be obtained by deepening the wells. Salty water is 

reported in wells south of White Cliffs (450). Perhaps better results could be 

obtained by casing off this horizon and deepening the well

The surficial sands and gravels are well developed both in the uplands, where 

they are often confused with the outcrops of the Bingen formation, and in the 

valleys They supply many local wells, and beneath the large valleys contain 

inexhaustible supplies of very poor water (PL XLIV). >

UNION COUNTY.

The most important water horizons in Union County are those of the Cockfield 

(PI XXXVII, sees. C, H.), which have been developed at Fomby, Columbia County 

(135), Eldorado (746A, 746B), Upland (753, 754), and Blanchard Springs (745A) 

The base of this group of water sands ranges from sea level slightly west of the 

Arkansas Southern Railroad to about 300 feet below sea level in the eastern part 

of the county (PI. XLII). The water near Ouachita River may be impotable, as 

indicated by the well at Crossett (6), which obtained sulphur water from this horizon 

at a depth of 450 feet (PI XXXVII, sees B, H) The shallow artesian wells at 

Fomby and Blanchard Springs are essentially local occurrences depending on
130 GEOLOG-Y AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

v

conditions similar to those explained on page 82 Similar occurrences are possible, 

however, in any of the valley bottoms in this region.

The Sabme horizon will be encountered at depths ranging from 600 feet below 

sea level in the northwestern part of the county to 800 feet in the southeastern 

part The wells at Bearden (628) and Crossett (6), however, which have obtained 

unsatisfactory results from this horizon, suggest that an attempt should not be 

made to develop it until the upper horizons have been thoroughly tried This 

horizon will furnish artesian water along Ouachita River, where it will probably be 

mineral in character (PI. XLI).

NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 

AVOYELLES PARISH.

Avoyelles Parish is almost wholly dependent for its underground-water supply 

on the sands and gravels of the Port Hudson and redeposited Lafayette These 

deposits underlie the whole parish (Pis XXXVII, sec B, XLIV), and while in the 

bottom lands shallow driven wells are nearly always successful, the best water can 

be obtained in the coarser gravels between 65 and 200 feet (756-767). This supply 

is practically inexhaustible; and while the water is hard^ a chemical and bacteriological examination by Professor Metz, of New Orleans, of the water from this 

horizon at Lecompte (948), where city waterworks are contemplated, has resulted 

in a very favorable'report

The water-bearing sands developed in the Alexandria wells are, on account of 

the dip, very deep under most of this parish (PI. XXXVII, sec B), and it \vil 

generally be inexpedient to try to develop them. The deep wells of the Natchez 

and Marksville Oil Company found no important horizon below the upper gravels 

which supply the municipal well at Marksville (767).

BIENVILLE PARISH.

Throughout all of Bienville Parish, with the exception of limited areas immediately surrounding the Cretaceous domes at Kings and Rayburns Salt Works (Pis. 

Ill; XXXVII, sees E, I), deep-well water can be obtained in the Sabmo sands. 

The lower limit of profitable development ranges from 150 feet below sea level in 

the northeastern part of the parish to about 300 feet in the southeastern part (PI. 

XLI). Water sands will generally be found above this extreme depth, but in case 

they are locally absent at any point it will not be advisable to go deeper The clays 

of the Midway and Arkadelphia formations, which underlie the Sabme, contain no 

water, and that of the next horizon, which is 600 or 700 feet below the Sabme, is 

very salty and is the source of the brine of the old salt works (PI XXXVII, sec. E). 

This brine, in many cases, leaks into the Eocene sand beds and renders the water 

impotable The prospects south of the domes are, therefore, not so good as those 

north (p 83)

The pressure head will vary somewhat with the local topography (p. 82, PI. 

XL), and flowing wells are to be expected only locally and in deep valleys near 

high hill masses.
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 131

BOSSIER PARISH.

The best water in Bossier Parish is obtained from the Sabine sands at depths 

not exceeding 100 to 150 feet below sea level (Pis XXXVII, sees D, F, I, XLI). 

The many wells m northern Bossier Parish have thoroughly demonstrated the possibilities there, and the well at Robson (805), in Caddo Parish, shows that good 

results can be expected at least that far down the river. Water-bearing sands will 

be found in the Sabine in the extreme south end of the parish at the depths indicated 

by the wells at Curtis (789), Robson (80S), and Frierson (871), but the quality can 

be determined only by drilling.

The water head in this region varies almost directly with the local topography 

(p 82, PI. XL). Flowing wells are therefore not to be expected, except locally, 

and if obtained will probably have a short life (778, 779, 784).

Under the Red River flood plain and the terraces accompanying it are considerable gravel deposits which yield abundant supplies of water of poor quality 

This is the source of most of the water used in the bottom lands In sinking deep 

wells the common practice in this region is to penetrate these gravels'with a 3-inch 

casing, which is firmly seated in the underlying blue clay, a hole an inch or two in 

diameter is then drilled, which is cased but a few feet (fig 38) In general it is felt 

that it would be better to case the wells the entire depth, using a still larger casing 

to penetrate the upper gravels, and to place screens opposite each of the waterbearing sands The greatest care must be taken to cut out the water in the surficial 

' gravels, or it will seriously impair the quality of the water obtained in the Sabine 

sands (797).

CADDO PARISH.

The principal water-bearing horizons in Caddo Parish are (1) the Quaternary, 

or Port Hudson, gravels and sands, and (2) the sands in the Sabine formation (PI. 

XXXVII, sees D, E, I)

The Quaternary, or Port Hudson, gravels and sands underlie the Red River 

flood plain at depths of 75 to 130 feet (782-785, 788, 796, 799, 800, 804, 805) They 

supply the shallow wells in this region, and will yield very large amounts when the 

wells are properly finished in the gravels near the base The water is, however, 

hard, chalybeate, and alkaline, and a better quality can usually be obtained in the 

underlying sands

The Sabine formation underlies all of Caddo Parish, except possibly a limited 

region near Sodo Lake, to a depth of 100 to 150 feet below sea level. In it there 

are several sand beds, some occurring in fairly well-defined horizons These beds 

vary somewhat in thickness from place to place, but in general may be said to be 

available at any' point in the parish Failures are reported at Furrh (802), Uni 

(835, 836), and Dixie (801), but all of these represent essentially local variations. 

That the Furrh well represents only a local absence of the Sabine water sands is 

shown by the successful wells at Shreveport, Blanchard, and Marshall (PI XXXVII, 

sec I) At Um a sand bed was encountered in the proper stratigraphic position 

(PI. XXXVII, see F), but yielded no water, though successful wells have been finished all about it. The well 3 miles south of Dixie, at the mouth of Cottonwood
132 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Bayou (801), has apparently struck one of the peculiar Cretaceous domes which 

occur irregularly throughout Louisiana, and which yield impotable salt water. To 

judge from other cases, the area affected by this disturbance is not great (pp 29, 67,) 

The conditions everywhere in Caddo Parish warrant sinking wells to depths of 100 

to 150 feet below sea level, if water is not encountered above that point, but it is 

useless to continue them deeper Below this point are the Midway and Arkadelphia clays, which contain no water, and below them is the Nacatoch sand, which 

contains artesian salt water (806, 871) Several deeper wells have been drilled 

throughout the parish, and it is popularly, though incorrectly, supposed that good

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FIG 30 Wells in the vicinity of Shrevupoit, Caddo Parish. La

water has been obtained at greater depths. At Shreveport there are several waterbearing horizons (fig 30), the best one being about 50 feet below sea level The 

water head varies almost directly with the local topography, and flowing wells are 

essentially of local occurrence (see p. 82) Nearly all the wells in this region are 

cased only part of the way to the bottom. It is believed to be desirable to case 

them the entire distance and to place proper screens opposite each horizon

On the question of the water possibilities below the Nacatoch sand see page 139; 

on springs see page 87.
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 138 

CALDWELL PARISH

In Caldwell Parish large water supplies can commonly be obtained in the 

Quaternary sands and gravels which underlie the flood plain of Ouachita and 

Boeuf rivers at depths of from 25 to 100 feet (Pis. XXXVII, sec. B, XLIV) In 

the hill lands shallow wells can be finished at almost any point, though in the southern and southeastern parts uf the parish, in the region of the calcareous Jackson 

clays, the water is very hard and the yield not always good

Of the deep waters the best results are to be obtained in the Sabme water sands 

The top of this group will be encountered at depths ranging from 200 feet below 

sea level in the northwestern part to 900 feet in the southeastern part. This is the 

horizon developed in the Columbia well (841), at a depth of 358 to 438 feet below 

sea level, and in the many wells about Monroe (PI. XXXVII, sec B) Over all the 

eastern part of the parish it will furnish flowing water. This is the most promising 

horizon along the Iron Mountain Railway south of Columbia; it will be encountered 

at depths ranging from 400 feet below sea level at Columbia to 800 feet at the 

Caldwell-Catahoula parish line. In no case would it be advisable to go much deeper 

than indicated on PI. XLI.

At a distance of 400 to 500 feet above the Sabine water sand is the basal Cockfield horizon (p 84; PI XXXVII, sec B) This may be reached by surface wells 

in the northern part of the parish, and by deep wells in the southeastern part It 

has been found in wells at Clark Spur (838-840), Olla (856-857), Rochelle (881), and 

Leland (855). In all the deeper wells it furnishes impotable water, and it is not 

regarded as a horizon ,of much economic importance Wells, except those north 

of the outcrop of the Jackson formation (PI. Ill), must be continued to the Sabine 

sands

CATAHOULA PARISH.

The chief underground-water supplies of Catahoula Parish are contained in (1) 

the Quaternary, or Port Hudson, deposits, (2) the Catahoula, (3) the Cockfield, and 

(4) the Sabine formations (PI XXXVII, sec'B)

The Port Hudson deposits are best developed in the lowlands along Little and 

Ouachita rivers and south of Catahoula Lake and Brushley Bayou (Pis. Ill ; 

XXXVII, sec B) These beds contain large supplies and are the ones most commonly developed. Shallow driven wells yield sufficient water for ordinary purposes, 

and when large supplies are needed they can be obtained in the mam gravel beds 

at depths ranging from 50 to 150 feet

The Catahoula beds form the high sandy hills northwest of Catahoula Lake and 

Brushley Bayou (PI. Ill) Here shallow wells generally yield good soft water. 

These sandy beds dip regularly southeastward, and are found under the parish south 

of the outcrop at depths less than those shown on PL XLIII This is the natural 

source for water at Hamsonburg, and in the region along and north of Lititle River 

and Catahoula Lake, where in the lowlands flowing water will probably be obtained. 

There is some probability, as indicated by the Ferriday well (866), that in the 

extreme southern part of the parish salt water will be encountered. In the central 

portion, however, no trouble is anticipated In the neighboring parishes the Cata-
134 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA* AND ARKANSAS.

houla beds supply the water at Pollock, Alexandria, Boyce, and Zimmerman (p 86). 

If a well does not obtain water in the Catahoula formation, it is believed to be 

inadvisable to sink deeper.

The next group of water sands occurs about 1,000 feet below the Catahoula 

(PI XXXVII, sec B) in the Cockfield formation These have been encountered 

in wells at Leland, (855), Colfax (871), Olla (856-857), and Rochelle (881), and in 

all these cases have yielded unsatisfactory water

Below the basal Cockfield occur the Sabine sands, and in the northwestern part 

of the parish, beyond Bayou Funne Louis, where the Catahoula v sands are not 

available (Pis. Ill, XLIII), this is regarded as the most promising horizon. Successful wells have been finished in these beds at Colurnbia and along the Arkansas Southern Railroad f rom "Winnfield northward (PI XXXVII, sees B, C) Its upper limit 

should be encountered'at depths ranging from 800 feet at Olla to 1,000 feet at 

Georgetown or Rochelle. In no1 case will it be advisable to go deeper than 1,500 

feet (PI XLI) One unfavorable feature of the outlook here is the salt springs on 

Bayou Castor. If they represent brine leaking from one of the Cretaceous domes, 

It impossible that even the lowest horizon will be impregnated with salty water In 

view of this, wells are more likely to succeed near the Catahoula-Caldwell parish 

line than farther south

 *' CLAIBORNE PARISH

The conditions for deep water supplies in Claiborne Parish are very favorable. 

The Sabine water sands are everywhere available at depths not exceeding 200 feet 

below sea level (PI XLI). Should the water sands in any .case be locally absent, 

it is not advisable to continue wells deeper; the underlying Midway and Arkadelphia clays contain no water, and the Nacatoch sand, which lies 700 feet below 

the basal Sabine, furnishes salty water (PI XXXVII, sees. C,-E, I). The head of 

the water from the Sabine sands will vary almost directly with the local topography 

(p 82, PI XL), hut flowing wells are likely to be developed in the bottom lands 

along Bayou D'Arbonne and Middle Fork.

CONCORDIA PARISH.

Concordia Parish lies wholly within the flood plain of the Mississippi, and the 

usual supply is from the surficial gravel beds encountered at depths less than 150 

feet These yield very large supplies of somewhat chalybeate water suitable for 

boiler purposes

The deep-well prospects are not very favorable, of the several early Tertiary 

formations, the Catahoula would be expected to yield the "best water. In a number 

of wells at Natchez and Vidalia, horizons have been developed in the upper part of 

this formation at depths of 300 to 500 feet These horizons will be encountered to 

the south at depths which will increase about 50 feet per mile.

A deep test well put down by the Texas and Pacific Railway at Ferriday (866) 

obtained flowing salt water from the basal Catahoula beds at about the same horizon 

developed in the deepest wells at Alexandria (PI. XXXVII, sees. A, B), Below 

the Catahoula the water sands in the Cockfield and Sabine probably contain highly 

mineral water at this point, and it is hardly worth while to drill to them.
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 135 

DE SOTO PARISH.

Although but one deep well has been sunk in De Soto Parish (871), the wells in 

the surrounding parishes and the general geologic structure indicate very favorable 

conditions. Satisfactory water sands may be expected throughout the parish at 

depths ranging from less than 100 feet below sea level in the northwestern part to 

200 feet in the southeastern part (Pis XXXVII, sec. F; XLI). The height to which 

the water will rise depends somewhat on the local topography, but throughout the 

parish will commonly be over 175 feet above sea level (PI XL). At Mansfield it is 

quite^likely that the height will be over 200 feet. Flowing wells may be expected 

locally in deep ,valleys flanked by high hills (p 82), the most promising region for 

such wells is the east-central portion of the parish, along the western edge of the 

Ked Kiver flood plain and in the very deep valleys tributary to it. The water will 

usually be soft and alkaline and the yield abundant. The town of Mansfield should 

have no difficulty in developing a water supply from deep wells.

In case satisfactory water is not developed at any point at a depth less than 

those given above, it will not be advisable to continue the well deeper. Below the 

basal Sabine sands are the clays of the Midway and Arkadelphia formations, and 

below these the Nacatoch eand, which yields artesian salt water at Shreveport (806) 

and Ferriday (871). For the prospects below the Nacatoch see page 139

EAST O'AKKOLL PARISH.

The Port Hudson silts, sands, and gravels underlie all of East Carrcll Parish to 

depths of from 100 to 150 feet and will yield very large supplies of rather chalybeate 

water Wells to yield the greatest amount should be finished in the gravel beds 

which lie near the base of these surficir,! deposits (PI. XXXVII, sec A)

The Eocene water-bearing sands can be reached at any point by drilling to the 

requisite depth (Pis. XXXVII, sec A, XLI, XLII) The quality of the water is, 

however, very uncertain. On the one hand, there is a highly mineral water 

developed in the wells at Crossett (6), Delhi (962), and Vickshurg (1,037), which 

comes from the Sabine sands (PI XXXVII, sees A, B, I) On the other hand, 

there is good water in the wells at Satartia (1,045), Yazoo City (1,046-1,049),Greenville (1,039), and Blissville (145) The deep well at Lake Providence developed the 

same horizon found in the Empire well (26) Better water might be obtained in 

the Cockfield horizon at an additional depth of 200 or 300 feet (PI XXXVII, sec. A). 

Flowing water would doubtless be obtained at this point from the Sabme sands at 

a depth of about 100 feet below sea level The water from this horizon at Yazoo 

City is good, at Crossett bad. and the quality at Lake Providence can be determined 

only by boring.

FRANKLIN PARISH.

The most important water-bearing for-mation in Franklin Parish is the Port 

Hudson. This underlies the whole parish, and the coarser beds, which can commonly be developed at depths ranging from 75 to 150 feet, will furnish vry large 

supplies of fairly good boiler water ,

Of the Eocene horizons, the only one of probable importance is the Sabme. 

The uppermost Sabine horizon, or that encountered in the Monroe (921-925), 

1393 No 46 06 11
136 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Columbia (841), and Delhi (962) wells, will be found in this parish at depths ranging 

from 500 feet below sea level in the western part to 1,000 feet in the southeastern 

part It will probably furnish mineral water of a character varying from potable 

water at Monroe and Columbia to the impotable water at Delhi This horizon at 

Winnsboro will be found at 700 to 800 feet below sea level and will perhaps furnish 

feebly flowing water In no case will it bo advisable to go deeper than indicated on 

PI. XLI, unless a test well several thousand feet deep is contemplated.

GRANT PARISH

The principal water-bearing beds underlying Grant Parish are (1) the surficial 

gravels, (2) the Catahoula sands and sandstones, (3) the Cockfield sands, and (4) 

the Sabine sands.

The Port Hudson gravels are of importance only in the Red River flood plain, 

where they will furnish large supplies at depths of from 70 to 130 feet. Less important sands are encountered above these basal gravels, in which driven wells can 

often be finished, but for large yields the wells should be completed 111 the lower 

gravels Over much of the hill land the're are irregular deposits of gravel, which 

supply local wells*with very pure water. A very important development of this 

sort is found near Sand Spur, where a number of wells have been completed for the 

St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway (882)

The Catahoula beds form the high sandy hills in the southeastern part of the 

parish and wherever developed yield excellent water Several different horizons 

occur in this group, as shown by the wells at Zimmermaii, Boyce, and Alexandria, 

and in no case will it be advisable to go deeper than shown on PI. XLIII. Flowing 

water will be encountered along Red River Valley in the soathwestern part of the 

parish, 10 miles south of Colfax, and along Little River

The Cockfield member, which outcrops in southern Wmn Parish (Pis. Ill; 

XXXVII, sec D), contains several horizons which are of doubtful value in this 

parish The most important occurs near the base, or about 1,000 feet below the 

Catahoula This has been developed at Colfax (877) and at Rochelle (881), and in 

each case has furnished artesian salty water At Rochelle better results may be 

obtained in the undeilying Sabine sands, which will be encountered at depths over 

a thousand feet below sea level, but the presence of a Cretaceous dome at Cedar 

Lick and the suggested presence of one at Castor Salt Springs indicate that the 

probabilities, are against such a development, though potable water has been 

obtained in this Sabine horizon at Winnfield (998)

The Sabine sands yield very salty water at Luella (906) and Natchitoches 

(909, 911), in Natchitoches Parish, and as these are believed to be due in large part 

to salt water from the Cretaceous domes no better results can be hoped for in western 

and southern Grant. On the whole, in Grant Parish surface wells are the only 

source of underground supply, except ip. the region of the Catahoula formation.

The chances of getting water at Colfax by going deeper are not very promising, 

except at very great depths The first Cretaceous sand, the Nacatoch, if it is 

present in this region, occurs about 2,000 feet below the basal Cockfield, or, roughly, 

3,000 feet from the surface. This yields artesian salt water at Shreveport (806) 

and Frierson (871) and will -doubtless yield salt water here. In northeastern
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 137

Texas, about 1,000 feet below this, is the sub-Clarksville sand, which will probably 

also yield salty water (PI XXXVII, sec. H) One thousand feet deeper are the 

basal Woodbine horizons, which yield somewhat mineral water The most promising horizons are the Paluxy and Trinity, which, at Corsicana, Tex , according to 

Hill," are, loughly, 500 and 2,400 feet below the Woodbine According to this 

estimate, which is necessarily a very rough one, the Paluxy sand is 5,500 feet below 

the surface at Colfax and the base of the Trinity 7,500 feet The cost of so deep a 

well would be almost prohibitive, yet it is hardly worth while starting to drill at 

Colfax unless some such depth is planned for

JACKSON PARISH

The deep-well prospects throughout Jackson Parish are very promising No 

circumstances are known which would introduce unfavorable conditions. Wherever 

wells have been drilled they have yielded satisfactory results, both in this parish, as 

at Ansley, Hodge, Jonesboro, and Wyatt (PI. XXXVII, sec C), and in adjoining 

parishes, as at Ruston (890-891), Monroe (921-925), Columbia (841), Winnfield 

(998), Tannehill (997), and Pyburn (996) (See Pis. XXXVII, sees B, C, I, XLI)

The depth of profitable development ranges from nearly 200 feet below sea 

level in the western part of the parish to 500 feet in the extreme southeastern part. 

At Vernon a good water-bearing stratum will probably be developed at a depth of 

100 feet below sea level

LINCOLN PARISH

Abundant supplies of water may be expected throughout Lincoln Parish at 

depths ranging from not over 200 feet below sea level in the western part of the 

parish to 400 feet in the eastern part (PI. XLI). Several water-bearing horizons 

will be encountered above this extreme depth. Where all the sands are locally 

absent, it will not be advisable to go much deeper than indicated The principal 

horizon developed in the Dubach and Ruston wells, and in the adjoining parishes 

in the Ansley, Arcadia, and Monroe wells (PI XXXVII, sees. C, I), occurs at depths 

ranging from 100 feet below sea level in the western part of the parish to 200 feet 

in the eastern part The Sabine sands will furnish flowing water along Bayou 

D'Arbonne and Middle Fork (PI XLI).

MADISON PARISH.

Madison is one of the alluvial parishes, in which the most available water 

supply is in the Port Hudson gravels These extend to depths of over 100 feet 

(PI XXXVII, sec I; wells 892-894) and will everywhere furnish large supplies 

of water suitable for boiler use. The deep-well prospects are very unfavorable. 

Artesian water can be obtained throughout the parish from the upper Sabine sands 

at depths ranging from 800 to 1,000 feet below sea level, but this, as indicated by 

the wells at Delhi (962) and Vicksburg (1037), is too highly mineral to be of use. 

There is little chance that the deeper water horizons will yield better results. Accord-

" Twenty-first Ann Rept U S. Geol Survey, pt 7, 1901, pis 69-71
138 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ing to the best information obtainable the well at Delta (893) should have obtained 

artesian salt water at 1,000 feet below sea level. The depth reported for this well 

is believed to be rather excessive.

MOEEHOUSE PARISH.

At no place in Morehouse Parish do the Eocene beds outcrop The Port 

Hudson deposits, with a thin covering of alluvium in some places, form the whole 

surface of the parish and underlie it to depths of from 50 to 200 feet. These beds 

are coarser in their lower portions and will furnish very large supplies of slightly 

hard, chalybeate water, which is fairly good for boiler use (896-899).

No wells have yet been sunk in this parish below these surficial beds, but 

water may be developed in the underlying Eocene sands in all parts of the parish. 

South of the Alabama Landing fault line (p. 68) water can be developed in the 

same horizon that is found at Monroe and Delhi (PI. XXXVII, sees. B, I) at depths 

ranging from 200 to 400 feet below sea level in the western part of the parish to 

700 to 900 feet in the southeastern part. The quality of the water will be between 

that at Monroe (921-924) and Delhi (962) and will flow over most of the bottom 

lands. North of the Alabama Landing fault line the basal Cockfield horizon will 

be encountered at depths between 300 to 400 feet below sea level. This horizon 

furnishes sulphur water at Crossett (6) and good water at Blissville (145), Dermott 

(24), and Greenville (1039). Its quality in northern Morehouse Parish could be 

determined only by drilling, but it will probably be mineral A lower horizon 

can be reached in this portion of the parish at depths between 800 and 1,000 feet. 

This is the stratum which furnishes salty water at Crossett (PI. XXXVII, sec. B), 

and there is no reason to hope for better results here.

NATCHITOCHES PARISH

Natchitoches Parish presents in surface outcrops a very singular combination of 

five of the six most important water-bearing formations of northern Louisiana and 

southern Arkansas; nevertheless it is a region in which good water can be obtained 

only with difficulty.

The Port Hudson gravels are well developed under the Red River flood plain, 

where they extend to depths of about 150 feet When the underlying beds are 

not calcareous, as in the portion of the valley about St. Maurice, the water is a 

fairly good chalybeate water, but to the south, where the underlying clays belong 

to the calcareous Claiborne and Jackson groups, the water is very hard and cisterns 

are commonly used

Tha Catahoula formation outcrops in the southern part of the parish (Pis. Ill, 

XLIII) and near the Vernon Parish line will be available in deep wells This 

group of sands has been developed in the adjoining parish of Rap ides at Zimmerman, Boyce, and Alexandria (PI. XXXVII, sec E). As yet no deep wells have 

been sunk in this formation in Natchitoches Parish.

The Cockfield member outcrops in a narrow belt in T. 7 N., Rs. 8 and 9 W. 

(PI. III). It furnishes good water where developed at Weaver Spur (917) near 

the outcrop, and it is the most promising horizon at Montrose, where it will be
UNDERGROUND WATBK PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 139

«

encountered at a depth of about 600 feet (PI. XXXVII, sec. E) This horizon 

dips southeastward and is encountered at a depth of 1,100 feet at Coif ax, where 

it furnishes artesian salt water (PI XLII)

The underlying Sabine sands (PI. XXXVII, sec. E) are of value only in the 

extreme west-central portion of the parish, beyond the area of contamination from 

the salt water that leaks from the Cretaceous domes at Drakes, Prices, Rayburns, 

and Kings (Pis III, XXXVII, sec. E; XLI) Near Natchitoches there is a layer 

in the very uppermost part of the Sabine, just below the Claiborne, which is of 

local importance It outcrops in the hills just south of Grande Ecore on Red River, 

and supplies the numerous springs north of Natchitoches, as Camp Salubrity Spring 

Breazeale Spring, Iron Spring, and Fourth of July Spring. It is the horizon developed in the shallow wells at the waterworks (910), and encountered between 98 and 

108 feet in the normal school well (911) The lower horizons, which are not interrupted by Red River (PI. XXXVII, sec. E), yield very salty water, which will flow 

in Red River Valley." These,have been developed at Luella (906) and Natchitoches 

(909, 911), and in the adjoining Red River Parish at Lake End (960). Only in the 

extreme west-central portion of the parish about Marthaville and Robelme are 

the conditions in the Sabine sands regarded as favorable Here, on account, of 

the high land in northern Sabine and De Soto parishes, the direction of deep underflow is toward Red River Valley, and the head is so much higher that it prevents 

the inflow of the salt water from the north Artesian water of good quality is 

reported at Boleyn (901) at a depth of 412 feet, and similar developments are 

to be expected in the same region

At Drakes Salt Works, in the northern part of the parish, and at the salt works 

in the adjacent parishes of Winn and Bienville, the uppermost water horizon of 

the Cretaceous series, the Nacatoch sand- is exposed and furnishes salt water 

(PI XXXVII, sec E). The brine escaping from these domes is, in part, responsible 

for the salinity of the water in the Sabine sands, and the prospects in northern 

Natchitoches for good wells in these sands are not very favorable, water-bearing 

beds will, however, be encountered at about the depths shown on PL XXXVII, 

sec. E

The poor quality of the deep-well water in the greater part of this parish makes 

it desirable to ascertain what can be found in the underlying Cretaceous deposits. 

At Natchitoches, according to the best data at hand, the Nacatoch sand is 1,500 

to 2,000 feet from the surface This yields artesian salty water at Shreveport (806) 

and Frierson (871) In northeastern Texas about 1,000 feet below the Nacatoch 

is the sub-Clarksville sand, which will probably yield salty water One thousand 

feet deeper are the basal Woodbine horizons (p 24), which will yield somewhat 

mineral water. The most promising horizons are the Paluxy and Trinity, which, 

at Corsicana, Tex , according to Hill, 0 are, roughly, 500 and 2,400 feet below the 

Woodbine. According to this estimate, which is necessarily a very rough one, the 

base of the Trinity at Natchitoches is about 6,000 feet from the surface, and the 

Paluxy 4,000 feet. The cost of so deep a well would be very great, yet it is hardly 

worth while starting to drill at Natchitoches unless some such depth is planned for.

"Twenty-first Ann. Kept TJ S Geol Survey, pt 7, 1901, pis 69-71
140 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEB OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Such a deep test well might be undertaken by the cooperation of the State, the 

parish, the town, and the railroads ol that section, for all would be benefited by the 

results obtained

OTJACHITA PARISH

Ouachita Parish is half hill land and half alluvial land. In the hills shallow 

wells yielding sufficient water for domestic and small plantation uses can be finished 

at almost any point. In the bottom lands inexhaustible supplies of slightly hard 

chalybeate water are to be obtained from the surficial Port Hudson gravels, which 

underlie this section of the parish, at depths of 100 to 150 feet

The Sabine sands underlie the whole parish and will be encountered at depths 

of from 200 to 400 feet below sea level (Pis XXXVII, sec. B, I, XLI) In all the 

alluvial land and in some of the larger valleys of the hill land this water will flow. 

It has been extensively developed about Monroe (921, 924), where it furnishes 

a soft alkaline water which is extensively used by the industries at that place and 

by the large plantations The water will probably be less mineral in the western 

portion of the parish than in the eastern

RAPIDES PARISH

The principal sources of underground-water supply in Rapides Parish are (1) the 

Port Hudson gravels, (2) the very late Tertiary gravels, and (3) the Catahoula 

formation

The Port Hudson gravels are well developed under the Red River flood plain 

and some of the terraces along it (PI. XXXVII, sec. B, XLIV) The coarser beds 

are reached at depths of 100 to 150 feet (937,940,947, 948, 952), though shallower 

wells can often be finished. This horizon yields good boiler water, and the tests at 

Lecompte (948) indicate that it is a very satisfactory quality for municipal purposesMuch of the hill land is covered with late Tertiary gravels, and in the southern part 

of the parish these are sometimes of sufficient thickness to be of considerable importance as, sources of water

The Catahoula formation is the source of the deep water developed at Zimmerman (95fi), Boyce (942-946), and Alexandria (933-939, PI. XLIII, sees B, C). 

In all the northern part of the parish except in the immediate vicinity of Colfax, 

where they are absent, these beds will furnish the best water obtainable. The 

principal horizons are encountered from 400 to 500 feet above the base, and the 

ordinary depth of wells will be about 500 feet less than that given on PI XLIII, 

which refers to the base of the formation. It will not be advisable in any case to 

go below the Catahoula Flowing water is to be expected in Red River Valley and in 

the extreme northeastern portion of the parish about Catahoula Lake.

RED RIVER PARISH

In the hill lands of Red River Parish there has as yet been no demand for 

very large water supplies, and surface wells have furnished all the water needed. 

In the more thickly settled region, along Red River Valley, large supplies have 

been easily obtained from the Port Hudson sands and gravels, which underlie the
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 141

whole flood plain and furnish, from the lower, coarser beds, at a depth of about 

100 feet, unlimited supplies of hard water which is fairly good for boiler use

The water-bearing sands of the Sabine, which underlie the whole of the parish, 

have been developed at only one point, Lake End (960), where they have yielded 

salty water. The quality of the water in these beds in other portions of the parish 

can be determined only by drilling In the northeastern and eastern portions, 

in the direction of the Cretaceous domes (PI XLI), they are likely to yield salty 

water, but in the northwestern and western portions the chances arc somewhat 

better because, west of Red River, the greater head (PI XL, p 82) will prevent 

an inflow of salt water irom the fractured Cretaceous beds brought up in the domes 

north of Red River. The Many dome is probably not a disturbing factor. Wells 

near the western side of the valley, or in the steep creek valleys tributary to it, 

may furnish artesian water.

In developing these beds it is not advisable to go deeper than 100 to 200 feet 

below sea level (PI. XLI), unless it is planned to sink a very deep test well The 

prospects along this line have been discussed under Natchitoches Parish (pp 139-140). 

At Coushatta the lower beds will be reached at a depth of about 700 feet less than 

at Natchitoches

RICHLAND PARISH

Iii Richland Parish, as in the, other parishes east of Ouachita River, large 

supplies can be obtained in the surficial and Port Hudson deposits, which underlie 

the whole region Wells can commonly be finished at depths of from 25 to 50 feet, 

but where large supplies are desired it is generally advisable to go to the coarse 

gravels which overlie the older Tertiary beds These beds are commonly encountered at a depth of 100 to 150 feet

Artesian water from the Sabiiie sands may be obtained in any part of the parish 

by going to the requisite depth, which will usually be from 400 to 500 feet below 

sea level in the western and southwestern portions of the parish and 700 feet in 

the extreme eastern portion This horizon is developed at Monroe (921-924), 

Columbia (841), and Delhi (962, PI XXXVII, sees B, I) The quality of the 

water at any point may be roughly predicted by its position relative to these three 

localities Along Bayou Lafourche and Boeuf River, in the west-central and southwestern portions of the parish, the chances are sufficiently good to warrant sinking 

deep wells In no case will it be advisable to go below the depths given on PI XLI, 

unless a test well 4,000 to 6,000 feet deep is planned

SABINE PARISH.

In Sabine Parish, in the region north of the Cockfield member (Pis XLI, XLII), 

the best water horizons arc in the Sabine sands These have been developed at 

Noble, Zwolle, Plymouth, Loring, and Negreet (PI. XXXVII, sec. F) With the 

possible exception of the Negreet well, the water obtained in each of the above 

cases is to be recommended rather than the surface water, which is commonly used 

about the mill towns It is certainly less likely to be contaminated, and the mineral 

matter does not appear to be greater than in other, wells where good results have
142 GEOLOGY .AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

been obtained These sand beds vary considerably from point to point, but may 

be said, in general, to be available at any locality

Flowing water hat, been obtained from this group of horizons at Boleyn (901), 

on Bayou Negreet (969), and at Robinsons Ferry (1120), and is likely to be developed 

in deep wells in the northeastern part of the parish and along Sabme River Deep 

in the embed and south of the Bayou Negreet Salt Springs the water is highly 

mineral, but in the who^e southern part of the parish where this occurs water can 

be obtained from the Cockiield member or in the upper part of the Claiborne These 

beds cross the parish in a narrow belt just south of Many (PI. Ill), and dip southward. At Robinsons Ferry a soft artesian water has been obtained at a depth 

of 1,010 to 1,030 feet (I'l XXXVII, sec. F) This is regarded as a horizon of 

probable importance in southern Sabine Parish (PI XLII)

TENSAS PARISH.

This is an alluvial parish in which the best water is obtained in the Port Hudson 

gravels These are commonly encountered at depths varying from 100 to 150 

feet, and yield large supplies of chalybeate water No deep wells have been sunk, 

though the conditions are favorable in the area shown on PI. XLIII, in which the 

base of the Catahoula is from 0 to 500 feet below sea level, and in wells not over 

400 feet deep along Mississippi River below tms belt In the first case it is hoped 

to develop the lower Catahoula sands found in the Catahoula Shoals and Leland 

wells (PI XXXVII, sec B), and in the second to develop the upper Catahoula 

sands found in the Port Gibson and Natchez wells (PI XXXVII, sec A), which 

are supplied by a lateral westward flow from the Mississippi region. Deep wells 

in the southern part of the parish, as indicated by the Ferriday well (866), will 

probably obtain salt water

UNION PARISH

The deep-well prospects are very favorable throughout Union Parish Two 

successful wells have been developed at Randolph (979), and the wells in the adjoining parishes at Dubach (889), Ruston (890-891), and about Monroe (921-927) 

clearly indicate the conditions to be expected (PI XXXVII, sees. B, C, I) South 

of the Red River-Alabama Landing fault line water will be encountered at depths 

ranging from 100 to 300 feet below sea level, and in no case will it be advisable 

to go deeper than shown on PI. XLI, or 200 feet below sea level in the western part 

of the parish and 500 feet below in the eastern part Flowing water is to be expected 

along Bayous D'Arbonne, Coriue, and I/Outre and their principal tributaries. 

At Farmerville the horizon developed at Randolph, Dubach, Ruston, and Monroe 

will 1)0 encountered at about 200 feet below sea level North of the fault, water 

can be obtained in the upper Eocene or Cockfield sands at 0-300 feet below sea 

level, but it will not be advisable to try to develop the lower sands, as the wells 

at Crossett (6) and Bearden (628) obtained very unsatisfactory water from this 

horizon (PI XXXVII, sees. B, C).
UNDERGROUND WATER PROSPECTS IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA. 143

VEKNON PARISH

With the exception of that obtained in the surficial gravels, the underground 

water supply of Vernon Parish is to be obtained from the Catahoula beds (p 86) 

This formation yields good results at Zimmerman, Boyce, and Alexandria, in 

Rapides Parish, and near Rockland, Tex.

In Vernon Parish but two deep wells have been sunk; that at Hawthorn (980) 

is reported as successful and that at Pickermg (981) as unsuccessful It will be 

seen from the dip shown on PI. L that the Pickermg well lacked about 100 feet of 

reaching the horizon developed at Hawthorn. Between the Hawthorn horizon 

and the extreme depth shown on PI XLIII several water-bearing sands are to 

be expected which will yield good soft water. In the hill lands along the Kansas 

City Southern Railway water will not flow, but on Sabine River below Bayou Toro 

flowing wells are to be expected. It is believed to be inadvisable to go deeper than 

shown on PI. XLIII, as the water in the underlying Cockfield and Sabine "sands 

will probably be salty.

WEBSTER PARISH.

In Webster Parish,'except in the limited area around and south ol the Cretaceous dome at the Bisteneau Salt Works (Pis. XXXVII, sees C, I; XLI), very 

good water can be obtained from the Sabine sands at depths less than 200 feet 

below sea level. The main water horizon, as developed in the wells at Taylor 

(139-140), Spring Hill (989), Cotton Valley (938), Mmden (985-987), and near 

Shreveport, is about 100 feet below sea level throughout the parish. Above this 

sand a minor horizon has been developed at Allentown (775) and in the ice factory 

and cotton-oil mill well at Mmden (988). The failure at Yellow Pine is due to 

the disturbance of the Bisteneau dome, which directly affects only a small area. 

Good water can probably be obtained at Lanesville and Dubberly at the depths 

indicated by the Mmden well

WEST CARROLL PARISH

Throughout West Carroll Parish the Port Hudson deposits are very near the 

surface. They form the Bayou Macon hills and in the bottom lands are overlain 

by but a thin covering of alluvium. These beds are from 100 to 150 teet thick, and 

the coarser beds near the base will yield very large supplies of somewhat hard 

chalybeate water

No wells have as yet been sunk below these gravels, but in every part of the 

parish water can be obtained in the underlying Eocene beds South of the Alabama 

Landing lault line water can be had in the horizon developed at Monroe (921-927), 

Delhi (962), and Vicksburg (1037), at depths between 300 and 500 feet below sea, 

level (PI. XXXVII, sees A, B, I) This water will probably flow, but, as indicated 

by the Delhi and Vicksburg wells, will be highly mineral Other horizons may be 

developed for several hundred feet below this one, and will probably also yield 

mineral water.

North of the fault line the basal Cockfield, or upper Eocene water sands, will 

be encountered at depths between 400 and 500 feet below sea level. This horizon
144 GEOLOGY AND UNDEKGKCZTND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

furnishes sulphur water at Crossett (6; PI. XXXVII, see. B), and good water at 

Blissville (145), Dermott (24),'and Greenville (1039; PI. XXXVII, sec. A). Its 

quality in northern West Carroll Parish can be determined only by drilling. Two 

hundred feet below this horizon is that developed in the Empire and Lake Providence wells (PI. XXXVII, sec. A). A lower horizon can be reached in this portion 

of the parish at depths^ between 800 and 1,000 feet. This is the stratum which 

furnishes salty-water at Crossett (PL XXXVII, sec. B), and'there is little reason 

to hope for better results here.

WINN PARISH.

The three important water-bearing formations available in Winn Parish are

(1) the Nacatoch, (2) the Sabine, and (3) the Cockfield.. The Nacatoch is commonly

from 1,000 to 2,000 feet below sea level in this region, but is folded up in the Cre-

. taceous domes (PI. XXXVII, sees. C,-I). It yields salty water, which, leaking

from the fractured and truncated domes, fills the Sabine sands to the southwest.

The Sabine formation, which occurs about 700 feet above the Nacatoch, and 

is from 500 to 900 feet thick, likewise underlies the whole parish (Pis. XXXVII, 

sec. C; XLI). In the region north and east of the domes the sands in this formation 

yield good fresh water, which at Winnfield (998) is artesian. South and southwest 

of the Cretaceous domes these sands are present, but, as shown at Luella (906) and 

Natchitoches (909-911; PI. XXXVII, sec. E), they will probably yield salty water, 

though the exact limit of the brine-impregnated areas can be determined only by 

drilling.

The Cockfield member outcrops in a belt extending across the parish south of 

St. Maurice and Winnfield (Pis. Ill, XLII). Along the outcrop these beds will 

probably yield potable water at depths varying from a few feet at the northern edge 

to 500 feet near the Cockfield-Jackson contact '(PI- XXXVII, sec. C). In the embed, 

as shown-at Rochelle (881) and Colfax (871), this horizon will yield salty water.
CHAPTER V.

DETAILED WELL A2STD STRING RECORDS.

INTRODUCTION.

All the well and spring data collected regarding northern Louisiana and southern 

Arkansas and the adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas are presented in the 

following tables, arranged under each State alphabetically by counties, and under 

the county headings alphabetically by towns. This plan groups the data into small 

geographic units, and enables any one interested in a particular region to quickly 

find,the information regarding it.

The desirability of bringing all this detailed material into a chapter of well 

records is more or less evident. In the first place, it makes all the data readily and 

equally available for reference. It also relieves the discussion, or text proper, from 

a vast and wearisome amount of detail, and yet by means of arbitrary numbers 

enables that detail to be easily found whenever desired.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks are due to the many persons who have aided in the collection of the 

data presented, and whose names are given as authority in the following tables.

The well drillers have, almost without exception, rendered valuable assistance, 

and it is a pleasure to specially acknowledge aid from the following sources:

Clifford, J P , well driller, Benton, La

Clifford Well Company, the L B , well drillers,

Now Lewisvillc, Ark 

Cornelius, D E , well driller, Hope, Ark 

Dillon, J B , well borer, Bowen, Ark 

Hart Well Company, the L B , well drillers,

Plaquemine, La

Hmes, George W , well borer, Prescott, Ark 

Hipp, G B , well borer, Garlandville, Ark 

Hudson, Charles D , well driller, Guernsey, Ark 

Jones, H H , well driller, Goldonna, La » 

Lavender, Luther, well borer, Prescott, Ark. 

Lowdermilk, John, well borer, Prescott, Ark 

Lowdermilk, James C , well borer, Prescott, Ark. 

Meredith, S R , well driller, Ben Lomond, Ark 

Milton, A M , well driller, Eldorado, Ark 

Moore, C B , well borer, Emmet, Ark

Nplson, Henderson, well borei, Gurdon, Ark. 

Phillips, J M , well driller, Hope, Ark 

Pullm, A L , well driller. Shreveport, La 

Shanks, Oscar, well driller, Alexandria, La 

Shuptme, D R , well driller, Saratoga, Ark 

Smith, Frank, well driller, Allbrook, Ark 

Smith, R Walter, well driller, Allbrook, Ark 

Stoer & Backus, well drillers, Shreveport, La 

Strong, W A , well duller, Monroe, La v 

Touzet, H P., well driller, 3629 Ibeiville street,

New Orleans, La

Turner, W A , well driller, Columbus, La.o 

Wade, H W , well borer, Prescott, Ark 

Wells, J M , s=r , well borer, Gurdon, Ark. 

Williams, L B , well borer, Gurdon, Ark 

Winters, C H , well drillei, Harrisonburg, Ark. 

Yocom, James, well driller, Spring Hill, Ark.

o Temporary address

145
146 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

*1

2

*3

*4

5

*j

7

*8

*9

10

11

*12

*n

14

15

10

*17

18

19

Location

ARKANSAS tOUNTi

Pettitt, 10 miles

southeast of

Dewitt, 10 miles

east of

Stuttgart .....

. ..do...- - . .

ASHLEl COUNTY

Crossett ..

. ..do ..

....do...-.

Hamburg. ...

Ouachita Eivcr

Pinepraine.. ..

Portland. .....

.. ..do ..

BRADLEY COUNTY

Ou,ichitd Elver . .

Sunipter.

Warrrn, 6 miles

from

Warren, 1 mile

west of

Warren .

.. .do..... . . .

. .do . -

. ..do. .......

Warren, 1 mile east

of

Township

S3.

5S.

18 S.

15 10 od

18 S .

.

14 S

12 S .

12 S

13 S

13 S

13 S .

Range

2 W...

2 W

8 W...

S o\V VV - . -

8W-..

0 W..

10 W. -

10 \V.

9 W ..

9 W- .

9 W vv - . .

Section

35.. .....

1.... . . .... ...

,

19' . .. ....

19' . ... . ... ..

19' ... ...

34. .. .... ..

.... - -

30.... ..

36. . ....

b - .......

0... . .....

0 .. ... .....

Owner

"LaGrue springs"

"Cold Spring".

General . .

. .do. . .

Crossett Lumber

Co

. .do .....

do ..

Court-house .. .

tl S Eng test

borings

General. . ..

St Louis, Iron

Mountain and

Southern Ewv

Portland Cotton

Oil Co

US Eng test

bnnngs

"Sulphur springs"

Lcag't, Mineral

Springs

Arkansas Lumbei

Co

Southern Lumber

Co

.. do ...

Bradley Lumber

Co

.. do...

Warren Stave Co

Driller.

. . . .

-

Hart Well Co. .

[L B Clifford Well

I Co

.do. ... . .

Hart Well Co . -

. . do... . .

. do ... .

..do....

. do . . . .

. do.... .... ..

Authority

W Maxwell".....

- -do.. . .. ....

A H Solkland,

postmaster

Gunter Bros.

L E Cliffnrd. .. .

|. .do... . . ..

....do .....

G D Harris r.

G D Harris «

M M Mnnson,

pump repairer

C T Baker, bookkeeper

G D Hams'*.. .

David Dale Onen«

Arkansas Lumber

Co

N H Clapp, manager

.do .... . .

M Forsythe,

manager

..do ...

Warren Stave Co.

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes" following this table

a County surveyor

b Combined yield of three wells

a Ann. Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1892,1894, pp. 130-131
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 147

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas 

(SOUTHERN)

)iameterof 

well

Inches

2 

2

8-6

8

6

6

4

4

4

4

2i

Depth of 

well

Feet 

Spring .

do . 

100± 

65-115

450

976

110

60

100± 

400±

Spring

Springs

192

196

194

150

150

648

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

160 

160

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

\ ~ 74

160 i| -36

[ -28

160 "-';,-

125

- - - -

209

232

230

218

208

175

-74

" 

-30

-

-

-56

-62

-58

-50

-29

-36

Depths of 

irinerpal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

80-110

450

913-976

80-110

--

- - -

162-192

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls 

Large .

..do

.....

Pump

Galli,

Large . 

.do

22

70

6200

.. .

/20

20

20

20

35

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary. 

.. .do

Quaternary.

Cockfiekl .

Sabme .

Quaternary.

-do ...

Quaternary 

Eocen.e..._

.. . .

Cockfield . . .

.do .

..do ..

do ...

. .do....

....do. . .

Quality

Slightly 

hard

Good . .

Sulphur .

Salty .

Good. ..

Iron 

Alkaline. .

Alkaline , 

sulphur

Magnesia .

Hard . ..

. do...

. .do. ..

..do. .

.do ...

Soft

Remarks

Noted for medicinal 

properties

Water m gravel . ... 

. do....... .........

Abandoned ...... ......

Completed m 1902 . ..

Water in gravel teds 

Seeunder Union County

Drilled in 1899 Postmaster reports no water

See under Union County

- ----- - --- --

Wells sunk m 1900 and 

1902 White sand at

162-192 Jeet

Scales badly in boilers .

....

Well near track, completed in 1902

Well at sawmill, completed in 1902

No

1 

2 

3 

4

5

6

7

8 

9

10 

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

IS

19

d Op. Clt , p 

' Second R< 

/ Each well

124 

iport of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p. 142
148 GKOLOG-Y AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No.

*20

20A

21

22

*23

24

25

26

*27

*28

29

30

31

*32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39 

*40

41

42

43

44 

45

46

.Location.

CALHOUN COUNTY.

Hampton. ...... .\ .

Hopewell, 1 milo

from. 

Little Bay.. .......

Little Bay, 3 miles

north ol. 

Ouachita River. . . .

Thornton...... ...

CHICOT COUNTY.

Dermott ..........

.....do.............

Empire'. ...........

GLABK COUNTY.

Arkadelphia /.....

Beirno...... .......

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do............. 

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do............. 

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do...........'..

....do............. 

.....do.............

Bradshaw. ........

Township.

11 S..

11 S..

7S...

10 S..

10 S..

10 S..

10 S..

10 S..

108..

10 S..

10 S..

10 S..

10 s..

9S...

9S... 

9S...

9S...

9S...

9S...

9S... 

9S...

8S.-..

.Range.

14'W..

14 W-.

19 W..

21 W..

21 W. .

21 W..

21 W..

21 W-.

21 W. .

20 W- .

20 W- .

20 W. . 

21 W. .

21 ff. .

21 W. . 

21 W- .

21 W. .

21 W. .

21 W. .

21 W-. 

21 W..

20 W..

Section.

4..................

11.................

(

...................

12.................

12.................

12.................

12.................

12.................

12.................

18, NWJ..........

.....do............

7, NEJ SWJ-...... 

10, NWi.... -'.....

33, NWJ SEJ

35.................

35, NEJ NEJ

26.................

27. ................

23.................

24, NW1SEJ..... 

24, NWJSWi-....

18, SWJ..........

Owner.

William Thompson. 

Sulphur and chalybeate spring. 

Little Bay Lumber Co.

J. I. Holdernis....

U. S. Eng. test

borings. 

Knapp, Stout &

Co.

/Corporation o 1

1 Dermott.

St. Louis, Iron

Mountain and

Southern Rwy. 

Empire, Lumber

Co. 

(Arkadolpnia Ice 

1 and Fuel Co.

General. ..........

J. D. Robinson.. . .

B.C. Biggadike...

Dr. A. F. F. Kerstan.

James C. Clark....

W. M. Yager.....

L.B. Williams....

J. G. Clark.......

P. W. Wood...... 

Sam Dotson......

 Smith.......

Mrs. A. Daniels . . . 

Mrs.Y. G.Thomas

J. G. Clark.......

Mrs. E. Collett. . .

Fisher place. .....

Jas. Jones (col.) . . 

Pete Bond (col.)

Maj. J. A. Ross...

Driller.

....................

mart Well Co.... .

.T. M. Phillips.....

L.B.Williams....

Dr. A. F. F. Korstan.

Hcnderson Nelson

L.B. Williams....

.....dp............

....................

Hendorson Nelson 

L. B. Williams....

Hendorson Nelson

.....do............ 

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

J. M. Wells, sr.... 

.....do............

Authority.

David Dale Owena

A. C. Peale.......

Little Bay Lumber Co.

David Dale Owen'

Knapp, Stout &

Co.

1 James Bennett,

1 marshal.

M. M. Munson e . . .

J. M. Phillips.... .

L.B. Williams....

J.D.Robinson....

11. C. Biggadiko...

Dr. A. F. F. Kerstan.

Hcnderson Nelson

L.B.Williams....

.....do..-.......--

.....do............

Henderson Nelson 

L.B.Williams....

Henderson Nelson

.....do............ 

.....do--.-.....---

.....do.-:.......--

.....do... .........

.....do............

J. M. Wells, sr.... 

.....do............

Maj. J. A. Ross...

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table.

" Second Report ol a Geological Boconnaissance of Arkansas, 1800. p. 139.

&Op.cit.,p. 138.

"Well pulled back to 650 feet.
SOUTHERN ABKANSAS WELL AND SPRING EECOEDS. 149

Louisiana, and adjacent portwns of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

96

0

1 »

3i

6-4 

6

3

4

31

31

3t

31

3i

31

31 

31 

34

31

31

31

31

31

3

__

Depth of 

well.

feet

23

Spring

25 

Spring

385

C750

100

357

321

187

175

176

177

172

218

211

235

100

035 

5115 

110

090

sill

S114

120

116

325

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

310

144

120

190

225

240

240

320

300

..... .

220?

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

-11

-Ul

(Flows 

1 +24

+ 4

+ 2

Flows

-16

Flows

do

.do

-50

Flows

-15 

-25

-15

-20

-20

Flows.

Depths oJ 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Fret

. ~~i

1 60-100 

I 650

357

100 

321 

167-170

187

172-170

170-177

233-2d5

325

Yield per minute

Flow Pump

Oalls j Galls

'

Small . 

d5

0 5

1 5

Small

Large

Large 

<J75

Geologic 

horizon 

01 waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary.

.

Quality,

Good 

Soft, pu reCocMeld . .

Quaternary 

Cockfield .

Quaternary

Coctoeld .

Nacatoch . 

Biiigen 

Nacatoch.

. do ..

.do. ..

.do ..

. do

. do

do

. do .

do

do .

do ... 

do. 

.do

do ...

. . do ...

.do.

. do ..

.do ..

Bingen

Sand y ,

hard

Hard, iron 

Soft

Hard iron

Alkaline..

Fresh . 

Brine .

Soft....

do...

Soft alkaline

Soft.. ..

_

Solt . .

Brackish..

Remarks

Lignite .

Used commercially prior

to the war

"Double mineral

spring"

See Ouachitaand Union

counties

Completed in 1888.

| Gravel between 60 and 

j 100 feet '

Used in sawmill . ...

| Completed in Septcm- 

( ber, 1901

Cost, $50, casing, 30 leet

Cost, 135, casing, 16 fret.

Supplies sawmill Casing, 37 Icot

211 feet to water rock

205 feet to water rock .

Casing, 30 leet

Water rock 16 inches

thiok

Cost,S60, casing, 30 leet,

used for stock

No

20

20 \

22

23

! »

25

26

1 * 

28 

29

30

' 31

32

33

d4

35

36

37

38 

d9 

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

d Estimated

e Pump repairer

/See also Daleville (71-73)

a To water rock,
150 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEB OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

AEKANSAS

No.

j

47

*48

49

*50

*51

*52

62A

53

*54

55

56

57

58

59

60

01

62

63

64

65

66

*67

68

69

70

*71

*72

73

73A

*74

Location.

CLABK COUNTY 

continued.

Bradshaw .........

Britt's Switch.....

.....do.............

Burtsel. ...........

Clear Springs......

Curtis. ............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do. ............

.....do..........'-..

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do...'..........

.....do. ............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

Curtis, 3 miles

northeast of.

Curtis, 3 miles east

. of.

Curtis, 2miles

northeast of.

Daleville..........

.....do.............

.....do.............

. ....do. ............

Degray ............

Township.

7S...

10 S..

98...

88...

88...

83...

88...

o Q o Cl . - . 

88...

88...

88...

88...

88...

88...

88...

88...

88...

88...

96...

9 S

8S...

8S...

8S

78...

78...

7 S...

8S...

78...

Eange.

21 W--

21 W--

21 W. .

22 W-.

20 W-.

20 W. .

20 W. .

20 W. -

20 W. .

19 W

19 W. .

19 W

19 W. .

19 W..

19 W-.

19 W..

19 W

19 W. .

19 W. .

19 W-.

J9 W-.

19 W..

19 W. -

19 W..

19 W-.

19 W. .

19 W. -

20 W..

Section.

36, SWJ SWi

16, NEJ.. .........

18.................

7 -- --- -.--.

36o...............

361...............

36»... ............

25, NWJ. ........

36, SW} SWi.....

17, NWiSWJc...

19, SEiNWic ...

19, SWi NEi c

19, SW-J-SWi"....

20, NE}SWi"....

21.................

29.................

31, NWJ SEJc....

31, NWJ. .........

ONWi. ...........

5, SWiSEl.......

16, SEiNEJ......

.....'do.......... .

16, SWi...........

33... ..............

5? .................

Owner.

W. J. Gaither. . . .

J. G. Clark.......

T. J. Stewart.....

Burtsel Lumber

Co.

Christian Church .

General ...........

G. L. Hamlin.....

J. L. Stroup ......

J. A. Monkern. , . .

Jack Banks. ......

Evans's place. ....

M. V. Smoker

Judge A. F. Dcaton.

.....do............

A. M. Crow.......

Jabez Osborn. ....

G. & S. Studdard.

W. B. Ewing.....

T. A. Hollingshead

T. M. Ewing......

W. B. Ewing.....

Parabo Thomas

W. Hollingshead. .

M. Deatou........

Jos. Neal. ........

A. M. Crow.......

....do............

Wm. G ray son,

president.

Mrs. Anderson ....

General. ..........

Driller.

\

{

..................

J. M. Wells, ST....

Henderson Nelson

H. W. Wade......

....................

J. M. Wells, sn...

J. M. Wells, sr....

.....do............

.....do............

 L. B. Clifford.....

Authority.

W. J. Gaither....

J. M. Wells, sr....

llenderson Nelson

T. J. Stewart.....

H. W. Wade......

Z. L. KirJonan...

T. M. Ewing......

G. L. Hamlin.....

J. L. Stroup......

J. M. Wells, sr....

T. M. Ewing......

.....do............

Judge A. F. Donton.

.....do............

A. M. Crow.......

T. M. Ewing......

.....do............

.....do............

.. ..do............

.....do............

T. M. Ewiug......

T. A. Thomas....

J. M. Wells, sr....

....do...........'.

....do............

A. M. Crow.......

....do............

L. B. Clifford.....

David Dale Owen«

J. J. Dunlop.'postm'aster.

*For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table, 

oln town of Curtis. 

6 Used in boiler at gin.
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 151

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

. (SOUTHERN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well.

Inches. 

4

3i 

4 

31

4 

5

4 

4

6

C-4

Depth of 

well.

Feet. 

175

17.8 

90

104. 

305 

Springs.

150 

150

ff\ OOK

( 140 

{ 145

160 

115

US 

±200

180 

180 

140

150

313 

154 

207 

105

410 

30-40

551

100 

30

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet. 

300±

198 

198 

260

190 ±

190 

193

175

185

185

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet,

-75

-35

+10 

.+ 9 

- 8

...do..

...do..

...do..

+ 0

No flow

Flows. 

- 8

Flows. 

...do..

+ 1

...do..

...do.. 

...do..

-10 

Flows. 

+26

[Flows 

(..do..

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata.

Feet. 

100

90-104 

50

'

.........

..........

330

 150 "450

Yield per minute.

Flow.

Qalls.

5 

S

' .

........

........

1-2

Large.

Small. 

Large.

Pump.

Quits.

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

Bingen ..... 

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do...... 

Bingen ....

Quaternary^ 

Nacatoch . . . 

Bingen. ....

Quality.

Soft......

Iron; sulphu r ; 

lithia.

Soft......

.....do....

Salty 6.... 

Good.....

.....do....

Sulphur . . 

Hard.....

.....do....

Soft......

Salty..... 

.....do....

Good..... 

Soft ......

.....do....

Fine...... 

.....do....

Brine..... 

.....do....

Soft......

 

Remarks.

Cost, $80; completed in 

1901. 

Water rock 4 feet thick . . 

84 feet to water rock; 

casing, 23 feet. 

Bored in 1889; casing, 

100 feet.

Group of 20 or 30 springs.

}.........................

Used for watering stock. 

200 yards south of this 

is a salty artesian well. 

Four flowing wells. .....

Used in boiler; casing, 

40 feet.

Water rock 4 feet thick. . 

Water rock 1J feet thick.

JBea rock at 550 feet .....

No.

) '

48 

49 

50 

51

82 

S2A 

53

84

55 

56

57 

58

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64

65 

66 

67

68 

69 

70

71 

72

73

73A 

74

c Locations by T. M. Ewing.

d Brine derived from underlying Cretaceous beds.

e ^v onrt Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas.-I860, D. 122.

1393 No. 46
152 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA, AND, .ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS'

No.

75

76

77 

*78

70

80 

81

*82

*83

*84

*S5

*86

*87

88

89

90

91

92

*93

94

95

96 

96A

97

98

*99

100

101

Location

CLARK COUNTY 

continued 

Gurdon

.do. .. .......

. do. . . . . . 

.do .. ....

. .do.. .. ... . .

.do .. 

.do. .. ... . .

..do. .

. do ...... .

. do.... .. .

. .do.. .... ..

...do. . ... 

. . do...

...do .. .

. do ... .. ..

. . do.. . .

. do.....

.do ...

..do.. . .

.do ...

. do .

.do ... .

, \y

. . do . .

.do ... .

. .do.. . .

. ..do... . .

.. ..do. .

.. .do. . ...

Township

9S .

98. .

9S . 

9S

9S. .

9S. 

9S

9S

98.

98.

98.

9S. . 

9S.

98.

98.

9S .

9S.

98.

9S .

10 S

iOS.

10 S 

IOS

IOS

IOS..

IOS

IOS

IOS

Range

20W..

20 W..

20W . 

20 W..

20 W

20 W.. 

20 W..

20W..

20W

20 W .

20 W .

20 W . 

20 W.

20 W..

20 W

20 W..

20 W.

20 W

SOW.

20W

20 W.

20 W 

20 W .

20 W..

20 W

20 W .

20 W

20 W..

Section

19, SWJ ....... .

19, SWi- ...... .

29, NEJSEJ. . 

28, SWi NWJ .

29, NEJ NEJ ..

29, SWJNWi... 

28, NEJSWJ....

00

28"..... . ... ..

28". .. ....

28".... .... .....

33". ..... - .. 

33o.. .. ... ...

33". .. ... .

00

(")

35, NW}. . . -

35, SWJ .

35, SEJ ..

4, NWj

4, NWJ..

4, NEJ 

4, SEJ ... .

9, NEJ NWJ - -

41 .....

9, NEJNEJ ..

9 ...

10, NWJ ..

Owner

Wm Clark. ... .

Mrs Bettip Wclla

Chas 0 Neal 

T B McLaughlm

F D Brown .

Frank La Croix 

Mrs Waldo .

General

I Grayson, McLeod

[ Lumber Co 

..<lo.. . . .

St Louis, Iron

Mountain and

Southern Rwy

Dr M A Harper 

William Weatherspoon

Hunter Lipscomb

Robert Pennington

John Ilolmar. .

W Cheatham

Capt Thos Gage .

John Rawlcs . .

S M Cates

W J Scahorn .

 Schofln. 

Hemy Bowers .

J B Handle

 Josshn .. .

Alvin Pryrf.

Alvin Pry /.

 White . . ..

Driller

L B Williams.

. do ...

. do . . 

Henderson Nelson

L B Williams .

I 

Henderson Nelson

L B Williams .

1 ----

C H Winters....

Henderson Nelson 

... do.. . . ..

. .do. .. ....

do.... . . .

..do.... . ...

L B Williams . .

James C Lowdormilk

L B Willums .

L B Williams ... 

. do ..

James C I.owdermilk 

L B Williams . .

James C Lowdermilk

. .do. .

Authority

L B Williams .

....do.. .

.do . 

Henderson Nelson

L B Williams .

Henderson Nelson 

L B Williams ..

JGraysor, McLeod

1 Lumber Co 

Capt Thos Gage

C H Winters....

Henderson Nelson 

.. do .....'.

. .do. ..

. do ...

..do ......

W Chpatham . .

L B Williams .

James C Lowdermilk

L B Williams .

W J Seahorn...

L B Williams., 

.do ......

J B Randle . .."

James C Lowdermilk 

L B Williams .

James C Lowdermilk

. do .... . . .

* For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table 

o In the town of Gurdon 

& See p. 78
SOUTHERN ABKANSAS WELL AND SPRING KECOKDS. 153

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Cont.nual

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

31

31

31

3t

31

01^t

ol 

Ot

Ol 

3i

| 10-6

4-0

01 **

3t

3i

3i

01 

^>4

31

<J1 

 ^4

t>l

 3* 

01

**4

31

01 

^4

3i

01 *t

01^t

01OJ

3i

3}

Depth of 

well

Feet 

112

105

171

174

160

143

187

200-240

760

710

»198

225 

240

210

222

206 5 

210

358

366 5

342

272

325 

"270

C267 

356

355

C315+

360

- 332+

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

198

198

.. .

.

. ...

260'

260

260

230' 

225

225 

260

260

Height 

of

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

-43

- 0

- 8

-10

-25

Flows

+ 12

Flows

..do .

No

flow

-10

- 7 5

- 8 

- 6

-60

-40

-20 

-15?

«-18

-40

-60

Depths ol

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

. . .

170 5

200-225

600±

200-225 

235

208

220

204

300-358

315-

332-

Yield f 

u

Flow

Galls

.

*. . . . .

er mmte

Pump

Galls

50

Small

Small

None .

Geologic

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch

. ..do. ..

do .

. ..do. .

.do....

. .do...

. do......

do...

Nacatoch .

Brownstown ^

Nacatoch ' . 

do..

.do... .

. .do......

.do ... . 

.do

. .do . .

. do.. . .

Nacatoch . .

.do.. . 

do.

. .do ... 

do .

do ...

. .do ....

.. do. ....

do.... .

Quality

..

Soft and

sulphur

.. ..

Soft, alkaline 

Salty

Soft .. .

. -do.. . .

Soft and 

sulphur 

Hard and

sulphur

Salty .. .

Good ....

"

Remarks.

Casing, 42 feet

Asphalt, below water

rock 

Cost, $40 .

[Temperature of water

I from 200 to 225 feet is 

70° F

Several wells, lowers 20

feet when pumping

Completed in April 1903,

cost, $60

Completed m 1903, cost,

$50, casing, 30 feet

Completed in April, 1904, 

203 feet to water rock 

Cost, $60, casing, 36 feet

Cost, J125, casing, 40

feet, 300 feet to water

rock

Incomplete

Salty water at 225 feet . 

V

%

Cost,S80, casing, 54 feet,

sawmill well

No

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85 

86

87

88

89 

90

91

92

93

94

95 

96

96A 

97

98

99

100

101

«D epth to water rock

d R B F Key sawmill well

«In 1881

/R B. F Key, house well.
154 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

102

103

104

105

lOb

107

108

109

110

111

112

*113

*114

115

*116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

*124

125

*126

Location

CLARK COUNTY 

continued 

Gurdon

. do ..

Hebron.. .

Hollywood ..

.do

. .do

.do.. ..

Keyton. ...

do.. .. . .

Okolona.

.do.. .. . .

Okolona, near

Okolona ...

do . . .

.. .do..... .

Smith ton..

do ....

do.. . . .

Smithton, 1 mile

southeast of

Smithton, 2 miles

east of

Smithton, 3 miles

east of

Whelen Springs

CLAY COUNTY

Knobel . . .

«

CLEVELAND COUNTY

Olio (Andcrson) .

Draughon ... .. .

Township

10 S

10 S

9S

ss

88.

98. .

98.

98.

98...

88. .

88.

98.

OS...

98.

9S

98

98..

98.

83..

10 S

*T7nr n<

Range

20 W.

20W..

19 W..

21 W.

21 W..

21 W .

21 W

22 W..

22 W..

22 W

22 W

22 W..

20W-.

20 W.

20 W..

20 W.

20W..

19 W

11 W .

11 W..

IHitinna

Section.

IS, NEJ ......

17, SEJ SEi. . .

30. . ...

6, NE\ NEi . . .

4 -. . . .

11, SWi-.-

ll? .. . . .

36. .... ... ..

3". .. ..... .

28., SWJSW}....

30, SEJ SEJ . .

12, SEJSWJ.. .

17 .... . .

Ib. ...

22.

19? ..... .. . .

24 ..... . .. . .

5 . . . . .

data., see "Desnrin

Owner.

Empire Mil) (E A

Whitmore)

Goo Barfleld . .

General . . .

Terre Noire Methodist camp

ground

Tobo Little. .

.. ..do .. . .

 Minifee ....

General .. .

Old Benedict Mill

place

Ross & Trickett..

Old Academy .

 Cargill ...

Capt T M East

W B East

Dave Hamilton

Thos Coxe . ..

J R Perry

General . . .

(>>

(O

(/)

St Louis, Iron

Mountain and

Southern Rwy

Bluff City Lumber Co

iSaline Jliver

j Lumber Co

,1VP, nntpfi " fnllnwitl

Driller.

James C Lowder-y

milk

. .do.... . . . .

J B Dillon.... .

.do.. . . .

L B Williams

....

John Lowdermilk

C H Winters ...

].... .........

o- this taT-ilo

Authority.

James C Lowdermilk

. . .do . .

JohnB Langley..

R T HiIM. . .

Tobe Little. .. .

J B Dillon. ..

. .do ... . .

Postmaster . .

Nick Peters

Chas Trickett . .

. . ilo. . ...

David Dale Owend

Capt T M East .

. do... ..

Geo W Hmes ...

L B Williams. .

do ..

Capt T M Gage.

 Norman . . .

John Lowdermilk.

Capt Thos Gage.

C H Winters ...

Bluff City Lumber Co

[S. E Emmert, sec-

{ retary

*For additional data, see "Descriptive notes," following tills t&"ble 

"Annual Report Geol Survey Arkansas for 1888, vol 2,1888, p 258 

& In the town of Okolona 

cSeep 78, fig 116
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 155

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

3J

31

Spring

5

4 

4

3

3 

3

3i 

35

31

3i 

8

24 

{ i

Depth of 

well

feel 

402

301 

40

89

120 

100 

18-40 

30 +

386

200± 

308

280

200 

250

«100+ 

122

200-220

300 

15-20

56

432

117 

117

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet 

240

363 5 

380

349

300+ 

290

225

225±

210

210

209 

209

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

- 60

Flows

- 18 

- 40

j- 15 

I -115 

- 40 

- 38

- 30

f + ' 

1-5

Flows 

. .do..

.do

- 32

e- 10 

- 16

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

t

295-301

80

150

300 

}.....

!---

..

400-432 

95-117

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

2

/

Pump

Galls

Small 

..do.

Small 

...do..

42

183 

34

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

.do....

Sabme.. . .

Bmgen. ... 

.do. .. .

-do....

Naeatocb. . 

do.. .

Brownstown « 

.. do... .

. v .do.. .

Bmgen. ... 

.. -do... .

B ro wnstown «

.... do ..

....do ... .

..do....

. ..do.....

. ..do.....

Sabme... ..

Cockfleld ...

. .do . 

..do. ...

Quality

Soft... .. 

Saline.....

Hard. ...

Soft.....

.. do ... 

Hard....

....do.

f Slightly 

} hard

"Hard ....

[Soft, al1 kalme 

Salty ....

. do ..

Soft... ..

9oft....

Remarks.

295 feet to water rock . 

Supply generally from 

springs

«

Not cased, completed in 

1901 

Not much water /. . 

Completed in 1892. . . 

Ample supply ..... 

30 feet to water rock. .

Well sunk m 1857-58 . 

Water-sand caved and 

well was abandoned 

Casing, 280 feet, used 

for mill

Drilled about 1882 . . .

Water either flows or is 

very near the surface

Strong flow of chalybeate water 

Many springs ..... . . .

Strainer 15 feet long. . . .

Completed in 1890, used 

for family and mill 

supply 

! Reasonably soft and 

pure

No.

102

103 

104

105

106

107 

108 

109 

110

111

112 

113

! » 

115 

116

117

118

I 119

120

121

122 

123

124

125 

| 126

& Second Report Geological Reconnalsance of Arkansas 1860, pp 123-124

" Depth to water-rock

/Drilled for the old Smith Lumber Co

s When pumping, 30
156 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF'LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

126A

127

128 

*129

1 3fi

1 31

132

1 33

134

135 

136

*1J7

138 

*139

*141 

*142

142A

*144

*145

Location

CLEVELAND COUNTY continued

Kingsland. . 

. ..do... . ...

northwest of

northwest of

.do...- . - .

COLUMBIA COUNTY

Fomby.- .

Magnolia, 2 miles 

northeast of 

Milner . 

Taylor, 1 mile 

north of

north of 

Waldo. - . .

DALLAS COUNTY

Pnnceton, 8 miles 

west of

DESHA COUNTY

(Choctaw Bar).

DKEW COUNTY.

Township

88. .

10 S .

9S. .

8S.

- -

15 S..

Range

12 W..

13 W.

13 W.

 -

4W..

Section

18. . . .

11. . . - .

28.. .... .. .

i

i _ ; _

..... ....

13.... . . ....

Owner

'

Lumber Co 

Leali Pressed and 

Fire Brick Co 

H C Newton... .

. .do . . ..

. ..do. ....

bcr Co 

Public well . .

Bodcaii Lumber 

Co 

J J Smith .. . .

J V Butler. ..

Di C D Milner 

Louisiana and Arkansas Rwy

Neimeyer Lumber 

Co

JFordyce Lumber

{ Co 

Mattocks Spring .

Driller

.... ...

J P Clifford . .

L B Clifford Well 

Co

L B Clifford Well 

Co 

.. do....... .

. . do . ...

|. / .... -

Authority

A C. Peale".. ..

Frank Kendall

Lumber Co 

Superintendent ..

H C Newton ....

. do. . . .. ..

.. do.... .......

J P Clifford . . .

ber Co 

T G Beaslcy.. .

L B Clifford. 

County clerk- . .

David Dale Owen 6

L B Clifford . . 

... do. .

. ..do. .... 

JFordyce Lumber

{ Co 

A C Peale.. .

Desha Lumber Co

* For additional data, see " Descriptive notes," following this table 

"Bull. U. S Geol Survey No. 32,1886, p. 120
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 157

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well

Inches

3

2J

2J

2J

3

.

4

2

O K_ a4

1 

6

10-4

Depth of 

well

Feet

Spring

457

247

200

376

200

225

(7)700

104

126

Spring

. -do..

... do

305

275

1,038

502

Spring

552

185 2

490

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet

225±

209'

on09 juy '

225

225

290

..... -

254

250

350

270

140

126

Height

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the

ground

Feet

-50

-80

-20

-10

-20

Flows

-26

-20

-70

[ ~22 

-70

I -70

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata.

Feet

450-457

217-247

217-305

210-275

520-540

22 

425-450 

400-502

1

-12

-11

550

30

80

200

400

490

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls.

0 5

Large

.

Pump

Oails

65

4

59

6b

.

Large

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Cockfield .

..do .

. . do...

Eocene - , .

. .do- .

do.

Eocene. . .

. .do. . ..

Sabme.... .

Pliocene'. . 

Cockfleld . 

.do .

Cockfleld .

Quaternary?

-do

Cockfleld

-do...-.

do.... -

Quality

Sulphureted

Soft, sulphur

Hard. ..

Soft . .

Hard . .

Hard, bad

Soft

Sulphur ..

Good. ..

. , -

Iron . .

Soft....

. .do...

Soft

Snip h u -

reted saline

Soft . ..

Seep water

ISoft and

j pure

Remarks.

Local resort . . ....

Completed in 1901, casing, 450 feet

Completed in 1901 - . -

Used for sawmill.. ....

Poor for domestic use .

Fossil shells are reported

at 200 feet

No water, ground sandy,

no stone or coal

Fossil shells at 104 feet . .

Put down for logging

camp

.

Magnesia springs . . .

Completed in 1902

Casing, 200 feet . ...

Well abandoned . .

Temperature, 72 5° F , 

completed in 1901

Temperature, 72° F ,

supplies mill and town

Mississippi River Commission test boring

Waterworks for village

and mills

'

No.

12bA

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

1J4

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

I 142

142A

143

144

1 145

1

& Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 135

cRept Miss River Com for 1883 48th Cong , 1st sesa , House Ex Doc No 37,1884, pp 489-490
158 GEOLOGY 'AND CNDEKGROTJND WATEE OF LOUISIANA AND AEKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

146

*147

*148

149

150

*151

152

153

*154

*154A

155 

*156

157

15S

*159

*160 

161

102

163

*164 

165

166

167

168

169

170

Location.

DREW COUNTY 

continued

... -do. . .

. .do.... ...... .

. ..do... . .... .

... .do..... .......

FAULKNER COUNTY

GARLAND COUNTY

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY

Arcadia. .. ..... 

Bell - -. -. ... -

.do. .. . . .

-do . .

. . do . . .

De Ann . . .

Dotson .. ..* 

. do . .

Emmet «.. . . .

do. . .

. .do ......

.. ..do. .

Township

10 S . 

9S..

10 S.

10 S-.

10 S

10 S.

us

us.

98. 

9S.

us..

us..

us..

us .

us..

Kange

23 W.- 

26W..

26 W..

26 W-.

2bW.

26 W-.

26 W

24 W-.

24 W24 \V.

23 W-.

23 W .

2i W,-

23 W.

23 W

Sectron

i

I

25. . . . ..... 

36, SWJSWi-....

1, NEJNWi ...

11, SWiNWi ....

11, NWjNEi. .

12, NWJSWJ ....

29, NW1NW1-...

22.. .. . ... ..

19. .. . .. ..

27? ... . . ... ..

21,NWiSWi-....

21,NWJSEJ... .

28, NEJNWi-....

28, SEJNWJ.. .

28, NEJSWJ .

Owner.

Corporation of

Monticello 

.. .do ..... .

Works

Mills 

Gates Lumber Co.

.. . do..... ... .

... .do..-. ..... .

Mountain and 

Southern Rwy

H M Kector.....

General ... 

J B. Ball... . ..

Thos Sampson.

W. H Bobbins..

Harmon Ilobbms

bus 

General--... ...

Long Spring 

J W Boyd.

Gus Lane... . .

L T Matthews.

\V A Lundei s . .

Driller

Hart Well Co.....

. ...do. .. ... . .

Hart Well Co.....

. ..do .... ...

... -do.........

. -do. ......

. .do.... . .. .

......... .....

G B Hipp.. ..

. . do . . . . .

Authority.

D A Trammer &

Hart Well Co....

.. .do........ ...

. ..do............

neer of bridges 

and buildings.

H M Hector... .

Postmaster.... .

. ..do.... .... ..

. . .do....... ..

. -.do ... .... ..

.do..... ....

JohnC Branner* 

J. W Boyd.. ....

.....do. .. . ... .

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes, 1 ' following this table.

o Second Keport of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, I860, p 143

& Superintendent of waterworks c Also given 604 feet.

"Estimated capacity, 200 e Estimated.
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS.

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued.

159

Diameter of 

well.

Inches.

8 

6-21 

6-21

4-21

5 

4-21

111-7 

6

4

4 

4 

4 

4

3

4

Depth of 

well.

Feet. 

65 

160

<:750 

800 

810

800

194 

455

389

860

30 

135

155 

240 

180 

230

15 

730

35 

Spring. 

210 

112 

± 40 

128 

110 

100

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet.

265 

283 

280

145 

145

341.5

351 

445 

391 

389

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet.

-126 

-145 

-144

- 2

-17

-40? 

/-90 

-35? 

-70

- 27

ot

- 20

Flows.

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata.

Feet. 

43 

1 65

555-750 

720? 

734-810?

184-194 

313-333 

400-500 

800 

184-194

400-455 

 50-57

40

\ 

135

155

..........

Yield per minute.

Flow.

Galls.

........

2

2

Pump.

Qalls.

dllO

"52

380 

Small.

12-14

Large.

None.

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

Quaternary. 

.....do......

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do......

^acatoch?..

.....do......

.....do......

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do.....:

Nacatoeh . . .

Naeatoch?. .

Nacatoeh . . .

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

Quality.

Poor......

Good .....

Soft......

.....do....

Soft...... 

.....do....

Soft......

Hard.....

Sott......

Magnesia .

Remarks.

Completed in 1899; temperature, 79° F.

Temperature, 65.3° F.; 

well at planer. 

Temperature, 71.8° F.; 

well at sawmill.

Used tor domestic supply only. 

Cost, S60; casing, 135 

feet.

Lignite between 200 and 

208 feet.

Abandoned; drilled in 

1901. '

-

....................,.:...

No.

. 146 

147

148 

149 

150

151

152 

153

154

154A

155 

156.

157 

158 

159 

160

161 

162

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

- 170

/Approximate; well had been abandoned when visited in January, 1902.

0 See also Allbrook and Saratoga, under Howard County.

ft Ann. Eept. Geol. Survey Arkansas lor 1891, vol. 1,1892, p. 110.

 For wells near Emmet, but in Nevada County, see under Nevada County.
160 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wetta and springs in southern, Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No.

171

172

173

174

173

*17b

177 

178

179.

181

182

183 

184 

185

187

188 

190

191

*192 

193

*194

195

190

197

*198 

199 

200 

*201

*203

204

Location

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY continued

.. ..do.......... ..

.....do.... . ... ..

. ..do...... ... ..

. ..do.......... ..

. .do...... .....

. ..do........ .... 

. ..do.......... ..

. ..do........ .... 

. do.... ........

. .do.. . .. . ...

. . .do....... .....

. ...do...... . . .. 

.....do........ ....

.. .do.... . . .. .

.. .do.... .. ... .

. .do.... . .....

. ...do............ 

..do............

. .do.... ...... .

...do........... . 

.. ..do.............

. .do.............

. ...do.............

Fulton (Red Elver)

. ..do........ . .

.. .do........ .... 

. ...do............. 

. . .do..... ....... 

.....do..... .......

. .do.............

. ..do.. ... ... ..

Township

US..

US..

US..

US..

us.

11S..

us., 

us..

12 S.. 

12 S..

12S.

12S.

12S. 

138..

12S.

12S.. 

12 S

12 S..

12S . 

12S.

12 S..

12S..

14 S..

148..

J4S . 

14 S.. 

14 S.. 

13 S

13S.

13S..

13S..

Range

23W..

23 W..

23 W..

23 W..

23W-.

23W-. 

23 W.

23 \V . 

23 \V..

23 W..

23 W.

23 W. 

23 W..

23 W..

23 W-.

23 W. 

23 W-.

23 W -

23 W . 

23 W..

26 W..

26 W.

26W-. 

26 W. 

26 W.. 

26 W.

26W.

26W..

26W.

Section.

28, NEJSEi.. ...

28, SEJSEJ.....

29, NEJNWi.....

29, NWJSW}.....

32, NwiNW}.. ..

33,NEJ... .......

33,SE}.. ....... 

33, NWJ...... ...

17 .... .... ..

:7,swjsE}......

17,SEJSWi......

17,SW}SWi . ..-

17, NW}SW}.... 

17, SEINE}...... 

18, SW}.......

IS.SWJSWJ....

19, NWiNW}.....

19,NEjNEJ. .

19, SE}NEJ .....

21, NW}NW} . . 

21,NW}SE}. ....

21,SW}NE}.... .

21,SE}NE }.......

14 . .... . ....

10 ........ .......

4 .... . . ....... 

4 . . ....... ..... 

4 ..... ... ..... 

28. .. ... ........

28. . ...... ......

20'...... ... ...

20=..... .......

Owner.

J D Boyd......

Mrs. Fannie Williams

Mrs Alice Landers 

B L Landers.

Capt Rich Jones.

.....do...........

 Morgan. ....

.. .do.... .. .. 

JohnCrosnoe ...

Albert Betts .... 

Elgin Greening. .

Mon Phillips . ...

.....do........ ...

Wm Temple.....

(Alfred Cnbbin 

( (Smith place ) 

Albert Moore. . . . 

Jones place . ..... 

.....do..... ...... 

J. B. Shultz......

Creamery Package Co.

Driller

.do. .. ..

. do .

C D Mooie .....

do ..... .. .

O B Hipp .....

Hudson & Cornelius 

J M Phillips.....

. .do. .. . .....

.do.... . . . .

. . .do. ..... 

. .do.. .... .. 

.. .do.. .. . .

....do .... . ..

....do ... .

....do . .. 

J M Phillips

..do ......

. .do ... . . 

Hudson & Cornelius 

J M Phillips....

liii'* 

S R Meredith.. .

j.Geo Johnson. . .

C D Hudson.... 

. .do .... ... 

S R Meredith .. 

Hudson & Cornelius 

. ..do ... . . ...

fj M Phillips. ... 

^Hudson & Cornc1 hus 

C D Hudson . .

Authority

G B Hipp .....

do ... . ..

do . .

. do.... . .....

-do. .. . .. ..

1 

. -do . . . ...

Hudson d. Cornelius 

J M Phillips.....

. do .....

..do.. .. . ...

. ...do ... .. 

. ...do . . ... .. 

. . do .....

-. do ...... ..

. do ... ..

do ... . 

J M Phillips . ..

. . do. .... . .

... do. .... . . .

hus

hus , 

S H Meredith....

JJ M Phillips. . . 

|Dr B Shirs.... . 

C D Hudson .. 

Dr B Shirs. ... 

S R Meredith . 

C D Hudson .

. ...do.. ..

J M. Phillips . . 

Hudson & Cornelius 

Creamery Package Co

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table a Original 

" Original Present depth to water is reported as 40 feet, but as well has caved badly this does not necessarily reprelent the level of the water from the Naoatooh sand
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 161

Louisiana,, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) -Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

5

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

4 

4

4 

2

2 

2

2 

2 

2 

2

|. -

2 

3 

2

2

1 M 

I M

2

Depth of 

well

J?e«( 

145 

130 

82 

98

120 

130

J 116 

I 190 

235 

205

280 

260 

265 

258 

240 

240 

240 

248 

250 

280

290 

372

374 

378 

367 

700

480

480 

374 

360 

280

240

180 

100-180

196 

cln t

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet

.. . .

261 

253 4 

271 

302 

304

329 5 

291" 

283 6 

270

268 3 

274 4 

263 9 

273 6 

250

245

250 

250 

250 

250

250 

255-265 

257 

he town o

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

- 5

+ 8 

-25

-15 

Flows

- 5 

Flows 

.do 

..do

..do 

u+32 

Flows 

-18 

-16 

6-23 

O-25 

('1-10 

+ 2 

+ 2

Flows 

+ 12

Flow s 

+20 

+ 4 

Flows

do.

+ 3 

Flows 

+12 

Flows

. .do..

("> 

Flows

f Fulton

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

leet

. .

660-700 

470-480

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

2

2 

1

4 

i

i

2 

2

±5

...

<JFo

Pump

Galls

f

rmerly a

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch. 

.do ..

. .do.... . 

.. do ..

. do.. 

. do....

. .do. .

. .do. 

. do ..

. do .. . 

.do . 

. .do. . 

..do. 

do. .. 

do . ..

. 'do... . 

. do . . 

. do .. 

. .do ...

. .do ... 

..do .. .

. do.. ... 

. . do.. ..

.do ... 

do ... .

. .do .. 

.do. ..

.do.. .

. do... 

. do ..

. ..do .....

.. .do......

.. .do.... .

1 flowing well

Quality

Soft.. ..

Good.. .

do. . 

. do . .

.. "do...

. .do. . 

....do...

.....do. ..

Soft......

s, now only

Remarks

92 feet to water rock.

Casing, 35 feet ...

260 feet to water rock. .. 

255 feet to water rock . .

227 feet to water rock

Cost, SOS 50, 260 feet to 

water rock.

First water rock at 350 

feet

First water rock at 355 

feet

Well caved because not 

cased

Very strong flow.. .. .

Pressure decreasing ....

Used for boiler and domestic purposes 

flow in lowest places

No

171 

172 

173 

174

175 

176

177

178 

179

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

185 

186 

187 

188 

190

191 

192

193 

194 

195 

190

197

198 

199 

200 

201

202 

203 

204
162 GEOLOGY , AND -UNDEBaKOTOD "WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No.

205 

*206

207

*208

209

211

*212

*213 

*214

01 c

216

217

218

219

*220

221

222

223 

*224

*225 

*226

*227

99 R

229

230

231 

232

Location

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY continued

Fulton.... . .... 

. ..do...... ......

ry). 

...do...... . . ..

Creek) 

....do........ . ..

Creek) 

....do ...... .....

.. ..do....... ..... 

.. . do.............

. .do.............

. -do...... ... ..

Spur)

....do. ...... ....

[Fulton(Bois d'Arcl 

I Frame) j

. ..do.. .......... 

. ..do....... ... .

.. .do............. 

.....do.... . ......

Bois d'Arc Creek) 

.. .do.. .... . . .

.....do..... .... .

.. .do.... .....

... do . ... .. 

GarlandviIIe a . . ..

Township.

13 S..

13S..

13 S..

13 S..

13S..

13 S..

13 S.. 

13 S..

13 S..

13 S..

13 S..

13 S..

13 S.

13S..

12S.

12S.. 

12 S .

12S. 

12S.

12S.

12S..

12 S

12 S.

12 S.. 

US .

Range

26W-.

27W..

27 W-.

27 W..

26W..

26W-.

26 W

26 W. 

26W..

26W-.

26W-.

26W.

26 W.

26 W.

26W..

26W..

26W--

26W26 W2GW.. 

26W..

26 W2bW.

2bW.

26W-. 

22 W.-

Seotion.

20».. ...... .......

(">

9,SW1NEJ.... ..

37 ..... .......

12, SWiNWi-...

7 .. .. ........

S.SEiNEi.......

lO.NWJNEJ.....

2,SWi...... .. . 

ll.NWiNEi.....

ll.SEJSWJ......

12.. .... ....

14,NEiSWi.... .

15, NWJSWi ...

l,NEiSWJ......

1,NE1SWJ.....

l.SWlNWt......

34, SWJ........ .

33,NWiSE} . ... 

26,NE1NWJ.....

2i,SWJSEJ.. .. 

24,NEiSWJ.. ..

25,NWtNEt....

25,NE1SWJ...-.

25, SEJNE{.....

307. ..... .. ... 

16,NWJ...... ...

Owner

Geo. Rosonburg . .

. ..do... .... . .

. ..do....... .... 

. ..do..-. . ....

John Gilbert.

Tony Cooper. . . 

Will Gilbert.....

John Gilbert......

house

Eb Gilbert. . . .

Toni Tompkins. . . 

Ed Steward..

Driller

S R Meredith ...

. . .do.... .. . .

.....do.... .. ...

...do....... . ..

C D Hudson. ...

... do... .... ... 

... -do...... .. .

. ..do. ....... .

IlUS

.. do.... ... .

. do.... .. .. .

J M Phillips..... 

Hudson & Cornelius 

J M Phillips... . 

Hudson & Cornelius 

...do.... ......

Hudson & Cornelius 

..do.... 

G B Hipp......

Authority.

S. R Meredith...

.....do........ . .

.. .do.... ... ...

...do. .. . ..

C. D Hudson. . .

... do.. ...... 

... do............

Wm Mayfleld . . .

.. do.... .....

. ...do.... . ....

. .do ... .... .

J M Phillips..... 

C D Hudson ....

John Gilbert. .... 

C D Hudson... .

. ..do...... .. . 

...do..... .. ..

....do.... ... .

. .do...........

.. ..do . . ......

. ..do .......

....do.--.. ..... 

G. B Hipp. .....

*For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table 

oln the town of Fulton

6 Ann Rcpt Geol. Survey, Arkansas (or 1891, vol 1, 1892, p 137. 

c Original head, will now rise only 12 Icet
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 163

Louismna, and adjacent, portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

3

2 

2

5-3 

2 

3 

2

2 

4

3 

3

2 

3

4 

2 

2

2 

2

2 

2

2

2 

3

Depth of 

well.

Feet 

200

138

96 

137

130 

160

130 

133 

175 

192

170 

235

29b

285 

263

53 

53 

52

57 

97

67 

54

53 

81

168 

137

253 

28

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

255

260 

272 5

285 5

2S5 

278' 

349

347 

312

296 

299 

292

292

Height 

of 

water 

abo ve 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

feet

- 7

- 7 

- 7

-80 

- 2

+ 1 

- 2

Flows 

. .do..

..do.. 

o+25

e-52

-45 

/-27

+12

+ 7 

+ 12

- 3 

-15

- 6

- 7

- 7

T

1

...do.. 

-14

Flows 

-11

Depths ot 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

 - -

127-130

187-192

290-290

280-285 

257-263

47-52

i '

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

1

3

i30

± 5 

± 5 

10

- -

Pump

Galls

-

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch. .

. .do.....

. .do.....

...do.....

Nacatoch . 

. ..do

.do . . 

.. do

.. .do.... 

.do ...

.. do ...

... .do ...

. ..do.... 

. .do....

.. do. .. . 

. .do ... 

.. .do....

. do. 

. ..do...

. .do . .. 

.. do.. ..

do... .

. ..do.. -.

do...

. .do..... 

. ..do... ..

. . -do. .

Quality.

Hard-.'. -

Alkaline .

Soft, alkaline

Soft......

.. -do.. 

. . .do...

do.. . 

. do.... 

do..

Soft . .

.do... 

.. .do...

.. .do...

. . .... .

Hard.....

Remarks

Passed through three 

' ' water rocks ''

*

44 feet to water rock . . .

Supplies gin, casing, 57 

feet

Cost, $200, casing, 50 feet 

Formerly flowed ..... 

Cost, $96, casing, 93 feet .

48 feet to water rock.

51 feet to water rock.. .

Blue clay entirely absent 

47 feet to water rock ....

2 flowing wells Water 

just below the water 

rock 

CostS65 . . ... .. . ...

117 feet to water rock .

Water rock 8 feet tmck..

No.

205

206 

207

208 

209

210 

211

212 

213 

214 

215

216

217

218 

219

220 

221

I 222

223 

224

225 

226

227 

228

229 

230

231 

232

* Flow in 1890 present flow 5 gallons

' In 1893, December 29,1901, the depth to water was 59 feet

/In 1807

B For wells near Garlandvllle, but in Nevada County, see under Nevada County
164 GEOLOGY AND UNDEEGBOUND WATEB OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No.

233 

234

236 

237

238 

239

240

242

243 

*244

245

247 

248 

249

250 

251

252 

253

254

254A

255 

250 

257 

258

259 

260

*261'

262' 

2631

Location,

HEMPSTEAP COUNTY continued

Garlandville.. . .. 

.. do.. ......

pard) 

..do...... .'. .. 

..do. ..... .

..do. .. . .. 

Guernsey (Sandy 

Bois d'Arc Creek) 

.. . do..........

. . do.... . . . .

. -do.... ..

Guernsey.... . . 

.. .do ....... .. .

. ..do..... ...... 

. ...do.. ... . .

...do....... . . 

. .do.... ... .. . 

do.. . .... .

... do.. . . . 

. . do.... . ... .

. .do.... . . . 

. ..do.... . . . ..

.. .do.......... .

Hope.... ..... . . 

. . .do.... . .. 

. ...do...... ... . 

. ...do. .. . .. ..

... do. . .. . 

. . .do.... ... ..

.. do.... .... , .

...do.... . . ... 

.....do..... ... ..

Township.

US.. 

US..

13S..

138.. 

138..

13S-. 

13S..

13S-.

13S-. 

138..

13S.. 

13S-.

13 S-. 

138.. 

13S-.

128.. 

128 .

12 S . 

12 S.

12S.

128.. 

12 S . 

12 S .

12S.. 

12 S

12 S .

12 S . 

12 S .

Eange

22 W.. 

22W..

25W..

25 W..

25 W.. 

25W..

25 W..

25 W..

25 W.. 

25 W..

25 W.. 

25 W..

25W-.

25 W.. 

25 W..

25 W . 

25 Vf .

25 W 

25 W..

25 \V..

25 W.. 

25 W.. 

25 W25 W. 

25 W.

25 \V.

25 W. 

25 W.

Section.

16, NEJNWJ..... 

16... ...... .

18,SWt- -.--.- -

18, NE}. ... ... 

17, NEiNWJ.....

16, NWJSWJ.. .. 

6,SWi... --. 

S.NWJNEi ....

9, NWiSVVJ.....

0,SWJNW}.... 

3,SEJSE}.... ...

3,NEJSWJ. ... 

2, SWJNWJ....

4,SEJNEJ...... 

5, SEi NWi.... 

5,NEiNEJ.. . .

32,SWJNEJ.._

33,SEJSW1...... 

33,SW}SEJ.. ..

34, SW} SWJ . .

35,SWJNW}. . 

35,SE}NWi . . 

3fl,SWi NEi-.... 

35,NWJNEJ.....

35. NWJNEJ..... 

25, SEi SE} . ...

25.NEJSE}. .. . 

25,NEJNEi..

Owner

J ohn Vickers . 

Albert Hubbard

J H Biyant.. .

J W Baker.. . . 

Reed Brothers .

C B Anibler...

Mountain and 

Southern Kwy 

Guernsey School

J Y Mclver.. . 

Henry's Chapel.. 

A W Mclver...

F P Keel ... .

C C Hopson . 

W A Rhodes....

J K Shelly... .

sulphur spring 

D E Cornelius 

Henry Coleman. 

Swan Anderson . .

Swan Anderson . . 

Gordon Cook. .

Nelson White. . 

Tom Washington.

Driller.

Geo W Hmes. ...

lius 

do.. . ... . 

. do.. . .. .

Jas Yocom. ... . 

Hudson & Cornelius 

. do.. .

do. . .. .

Hudson & Cornelius

Hudson & Cornelius

. .do... ... .. 

. .do....... ... 

. ..do..... .. ..

. . do.. . . .

C C Hopson.. . 

Hudson & Cornelius 

. .do.. ....

D E Cornelius.. 

. ..do.... . . . . 

. ..do.... . .

J M Phillips.

J M Phillips.. . 

....do............

Authority

Geo W Hmes.... 

G B Hipp. . .

lius 

-do.... . . . . 

do. ....

las Yocom. . .. 

Hudson & Cornelius, 

do..... . ...

do.... . . .

S R Meredith. .

Hudson & Cornelius

E Fisherf*..... .

Hudson & Cornelius

C D Hudson....

Hudson & Cornelius 

.do.... . . .

.do.... .

C C Hopson. 

Hudson & Cornelius 

..do.... .......

D E Cornelius., 

do. .. .. .. 

. .do.. .. . . 

..do .. .. .

..do ..... ... 

J M Phillips.

J M Phillips ... 

. ..do......... .

* For additional data see '' Descriptive notes," following this table.

o Flpwing at 4 leet above the ground

' Engineer of bridges and buildings, Missouri Pacific System.

c When not pumping

<J Formerly a flowing well, but has now ceased.
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 165

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

3i

30 

3

3 

3 

2 

2

% 

3

6

2 

2

3 

2

2

3 

4

4 

4

Depth of 

well

Feet 

36

25 

387

339 

351 

400

250 ±

317 

340-350 

360 

370

460

357

327 

348

205

270 

200 

195

232 

274

290 

Spring

270 

285 

300 

297 

290 

/300

290 

280

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet 

304 5

280

280 

280 1 

255

1 202 5 

274 5

290 

302

292 5

280 0 

271

280

292 7 

276 

296 5 

300 3

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

-26

Flows 

_ 2

_ 9

- 2 

Flows 

.do .

..do

.do .

+ 10 

+ 10

'Flows 

+ 1

(d) 

Flows

.do . 

do 

+ 8

Flows 

do.

__ 0

+18 

Flows 

+ 10 

+ 10 

+ 18 

ff-0 3 

+ 2 

g- 1 

- 8

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

... .. .

310-400

316

220-230

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

"5

3

2 

2

2 5

2 

1 

2 

2 

2

Pump.

Qalls

......

.. . .

58

Oeologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch.. 

..do.

- .do. .

-do . ...

.do.. .

. do . . . . 

..do. .. .

. .do. ...

.. .do. .. 

..do.. ... 

.. .do.... .

. .do.....

. . d« ....

.. .do .. .

. do.. . 

do ....

-do... 

..do ..

... .do

Nacatgch . 

-do 

. ..do .. 

.do .. 

. .do.... 

.do . 

. do. . 

. .do 

...do.. . .

Quality

...... .

Good... . 

Soft.. . 

.do. ..

. ...do ..

s

Soft

Sulphureted 

Soft 

.. .do 

.do.... 

. do .. 

do. . 

.do...

"

Remarks

20 feet to water rock, 9 5 

feet thick 

20 feet to water rock. .

\

Three wells . . . .

Used to supply sawmill, 

first water rock at 310 

feet 

Completed December 26, 

1901, casing, 255 leet

First water rock at 320 

feet

First water rock at 292 

leet

First water rock at 180 

feet 

Cost, $75, casing, 30 feet. 

254 feet to water rock . .

N

f

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254 

254A

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

203

«Bull U S Geol Survey No 32,1886, p 120

/ To water rock.

Q Formerly a flowing well

* Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas,1860, p 118
166 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEB OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wetts and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

,No

264 

265 

266

267 

268

209

270 

271 

272

273 

274 

275 

276 

277

278 

279 

280 

281 

282

283 

284 

285 

286

287 

288

289

290 

291 

292 

293 

294 

295 

296

297 

298 

299 

300 

301 

302

Location

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY continued

Hope . . ... - 

.do ... . . 

. ..do. .......

... .do. ... .. . .. 

. .do ... . . ..

do.. . . . . 

..do.. ......

.do . . .....

.. do. . .... . 

.do. . . . 

.do . .. . ...

do ... . .. 

.do...... .. . .

do. ..... ..

.do . . 

. .do.. . . . .. 

. ..do ... .... . 

do. . .

do. . 

do. 

do.. . .. 

.do.. . .

. ..do ...... . . 

... do .... ..

. . do .. . . ...

do .. . .. 

do..... . . 

. do..... ..

-do ... . . 

. do.... . . 

. do ... .. 

do .... .. .

do ... . 

.do .... 

.do.... . 

.do ... . .. 

. do.... . 

. do. ...... . -

aForn

Township

12S.. 

12 S 

12S..

12S.. 

12S-.

128..

12S-. 

12S.. 

12S-.

US..

us., 

us 

us 

us

11 S.. 

12 S. 

12 S. 

128.. 

12 S

12 S 

12 S 

12 S 

12 S .

12 S . 

12 S .

12 S .

12 S.. 

12 S . 

12 S . 

128 . 

12 S . 

12 S . 

12 S .

12 S . 

12 S . 

12 S 

12 S . 

12 S 

12 S 

lerly a

Range

25 W . 

25 W.. 

25W..

25 W.. 

25 W..

25W..

25 W.. 

25 W.. 

25 \V.

25 \V. . 

24 VV 

24 W 

24 W 

24 W. .

24 W.. 

24 W.. 

24 W.. 

24 W - 

24 W .

24 W. 

24 W. . 

24 W.. 

24 W..

24 W.. 

24 W..

24 W--

24 W 

24 W 

24 W. 

24 W 

24 W 

24 W 

24 W. .

24 W. 

24 W 

24 W 

24 W . 

24 W 

24 W..

flowing

Section.

24, NEi SEi.. . . 

24. .... '.. 

13, NEi SWI . .

13, SEi NWi-... 

13, SEi NWi.....

12 ..... - 

12, NEi NWi.....

2,SEt-. .... ..

l,NWi-.--. ...

36..... . . 

29, SWI SEi.. . 

32, NEJ NWJ - 

32, NWi. .. _ _

32, NWi NEi . .

32, NEi SEi.. 

3, NWJ NWi - 

3, SWi NWi - - 

4, SEi NEi... - 

4, NWiSWi. ...

4, SWi NWi... 

5, NWi SEi.. - - 

5, NWi NWi- . 

6, NWi SWi .

7, NEi SEi. - 

9, SEi SEi - -

11, SWi NEi.. --

11, SEi NEi 

12, SWi NWi - 

12, NWi SWi.... 

13, NEi NWi 

13, SEi NEi .. . 

13, NEi NEJ .. 

13, NEi SWi - --

13, NEi SWi -- - 

13, SWi SEi. - - 

13, SWiSW} --

1A filTl QT?i

14, SWi SEi. -- 

14, NEi SWi...-. 

well

Owner.

Lewis Moore. . . 

Jas M Hannegan. 

Joseph Taylor

Geo Alien.. .. 

... -do ... ...

E T Porterfleld 

Judge A FT Carngan 

Steve Can igan . . 

Wm Rhodes..... 

A P Delony.. . 

...do...... . .

Glenn Frednck..

E D Andrews. . 

.. .do. .. ... ..

. . do...... ...

P C Frcdnck.. 

Sam Bradley... . 

_W N Forshee.. 

Judge A H Ciirngan 

Di Robert Wilson 

Hopewell School 

(white) 

Mrs A Hiitchmson 

Alien Coxe. . 

Jas Tones.... . 

Elmore Jones . 

Mrs A Gnssom.. 

Berry Acker .

Providence schoolhouse 

Wm Stevens... 

Mrs Browning . 

Calvin Phillips . . . 

Ed Phllhps...... 

Geo Palmer... 

Ellis Green....

oOngi

Driller.

J M Phillips .. .. 

S R Meredith. - 

Hudson & Cornelius

J M Phillips. .

J M Phillips.

J M Phillips... . 

. ..do.... ... 

. do.... . . . 

. do. .. . ... .

.. .do. ..... 

. ..do... . .

. do... . . . 

. . do.....

. do. ...

. .do. .. .

.. .do... . . 

. .do ..... 

.do.... . 

. .do ...

. ..do.. ..... 

.do.. . . ..

.do.... . . .

. .do..... . 

. .do ... 

....do ... . .. . 

...do ... . ...

J M Phillips. . . 

do...

..do .. 

.do .... 

.. do ... . . 

. do... . . . 

. .do ....

.do. 

nal luvel 33 feet

Authority

J M Phillips . . . 

S R Meredith. . 

Hudson & Cornelius 

J M Phillips.... 

.. do...... . ..

... do .... . .. 

.. . do.... .. . ..

. .do....... . .. 

Judge A. H Carngan 

J M Phillips. ... 

. do ... ... 

.. .do ... 

.'. .do..... ...

. ..do ... ... 

. . do............

. .do .... . . 

.do.... 

... .do.... .....

.. .do---- . ...

. .do- - . ... 

..do 

. do-- - - . .

....do . . ...

....do.... . .. 

. ..do ... . .

....do .... .- .

... do .... . ... 

..do ....... 

.do .... .- - 

.do .. . . ... 

. .do . ... .. 

.do - - . 

.do . . ....

...do..-.. .... 

..do........ ... 

.do ... ... ... 

do. .. .. ...

. ..do.... .... ..

.do.--..... ...
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 167

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

4 

3

4

4

4 

4

4

4

4 

4

4 

4 

4 

4

4 

4

I:/:'

4

4

4

4 

4

4 

4

4 

4 

4

Depth of 

well

Feet 

248

234 

190

1 139 

[ 165 

120 

90 

48

75 

102 

78 

102 

96

100 

90 

130 

130 

160

147 

140 

68 

139

130 

238

140 

+115

127 

128 

148 

190 

200 

190 

204

220 

250 

258 

250 

248 

250

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet 

300 9 

306

t

340

7390 

411 

388 2 

300 

399 5

390 5

350 

352 

369 5 

 

383 2

366

 »* 

309 6 

300

316

Height 

of 

water 

ahove 

(+>or 

below 

(-> the 

ground

Feet, 

oO 

- 0 

-23

-18

Flows ' 

-55

-60

-12

-60 

-76 

-62 5 

-68 

-75

-70' 

Flows 

-45 

-49 

-55

-M± 

-40 

-12 

5-40

-20 

-GO

- ( c) 

Flows

-20 

Flow s , 

.do.. 

-12 

-12 

- 6 

- 4

-20 

-15 

-40 

-50 

 40

-55

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

- -

140-160

I

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

.. .

Pump

Galls

>

- -

Geologic 

hon?on 

of waterbearing 

strata

0

..do..... 

.... do... .

. ..do.... .

. .do.. . .

. .do.....

. -do .. .

.....do.. . .

. .do....

..do.... . 

... .do .. . 

.. ..do.... .

.. do . .

.. ..do.... .

. .do....

.. .do... . 

do.. . 

.do ...

.. .do.... . 

. . do ...

.. .do.... 

. . do....

. do . . 

. . do . . .

.do . . .

.. .do . . .

. ..do.....

.. .do

. .do....

. ..do....

. .do.. . 

. do.... 

. .do.. .

. .do . 

. .. do . . 

. .do ..

..do....

. . .do.... .

. -do....

Quality

Hard. ...

\

Soft ... 

Hard.. .. 

. .do. .

..do ... 

.. .do...

. .do...

Hard.....

Remarks

100 feet to water rock. . .

109 feet to water rock . .

70 feet to water rock

60 feet to water rock. . 

68 feet to water rock. . . 

. . do..... . .

75 feet to water rock . . . 

Water does not come 

above first water rock

110 feet to water rock .

Well at residence of 

John Alien

109 feet to water rook .

120 feet to water rock . . 

220 feet to water rock.

.... ....... .

220 feet to water rock. .

200 feet to water rock. . 

238 feet to water rock . .

No.

264

265 

265

267 

268

| 269

270 

271 

272

273

274 

275 

276 

277

278 

270 

280 

281 

282

283 

284 

285 

286

287 

288

289

290 

291 

292 

293 

294 

1 295 

29b

297 

298 

299 

310 

300 

302

c'' Very near surf ace '

1393 No. 46 06 13
168 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and spnngs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

303

305

3flfi

307 

308

309 

310

311

312 

313

314 

315

310

317 

318 

319

320 

*321

323 

324

325

326 

327 

328

330 

331

333 

334 

335 

336

W7

338

Location

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY continued

Hope ... .. 

.. do.... . . .

. do... . .

. ..do.. . . . . 

do... .....

. . do. . 

. .do..... . . .

. do.... .. . ..

... do... 

. do... . .

.. do.. . 

.do ......

. do. ...

. do. ... . .. 

. .do... . 

. . do.. .. . .

. . do. ... . . 

. . do.. ... ...

....do..... . .

. ..do..... . . .. 

. ..do..... ... .

. do ... . .

. ..do..... . . 

. .do. ... . . 

do..... . .. 

. .do. . . ..

. do..... 

. ..do....

. ..do... .

. .do .. .. . 

do... . 

. ..do .. . 

do.... 

. .do... . . .

. .do...... .. .

Township'

12 S 

12 S.

12 S.

12 S . 

12 S

12 S.

12 S

12 S. 

12 S

12 S 

12 S

12 S.

12 S 

12 S. 

12 S.

12 S 

12 S

12 S

12 S. 

12 S

12 S

12 S. 

12 S 

12 S 

10 q

12 S 

12 S

T> Q

' 12 S 

12 S 

13 S 

13 S. 

US

13 S

Riinge

24 W 

24 W. .

24 W.

24 W 

24 W. .

24 W. 

24 W. -

24 W.

24*W 

24 W

24 W . 

24 W .

24 W .

24 W . 

24 W 

24 W .

24 W . 

24 W..

24 W.

24 W . 

24 W. .

24 W..

24 W . 

24 W . 

24 W 

24 W .

24 W . 

24 W .

24 \V .

24 W. . 

24 W . 

25 W. 

24 W.. 

24 W .

24 W .

Section

15, SW\ SEi . . . 

It), SEiSEJ... .

16, NEiNEi. . . 

lb, SWiSWi... .

18, NEiNEi .. . 

20, NEiNEi.....

21, SWiNWi ... 

21, NEiNEi... .

22, NWi NWi- .

22, SWJNEi... . 

22, NEiSEJ.. .

22, SEiNEJ... . 

23, NWi NWi

23, SEJ SEi . .

24, SEJ NWi. - - 

24, NWi NEi. . . 

24, NEJ NEJ ...

28, SEi SEi - - 

28, SEJSWJ.. .

28, SEiSWi.. ..

28, SWiSEi....

28. . .....

29, SEi SEi.. - 

29, SEJSEJ . .. 

29, SEi NWi.... 

30, SEi SEi.. . .

30, SWJSWi-. . 

30, NWi NWi - -

30, NWi NWi .--

31, SWiNWi .. 

34 ?. 

1, NBiNEJ.. .. 

6, SWiNWi... . 

0, SEJ... .. .

7, SWiNEi... .

Owner

Alien Eolli. . .

(colored) 

Henderson Alien .

Albert Ames... . 

Parny Ames . .

Capt Bridwcll. f

Colonel Job . .

J M Miller . . 

Mrs Ed McFadden 

Aaron Smith . . 

Charles Phillips.

Calvin Phillips. . .

. . do..!. . . 

Tom Neighbors .

Dr J W Andrews 

Corporation of

Hope

Hope (wateiworkb) 

Hopd' Ice Co ... .

Co 

J M Phillips ..

B Furgeson.... 

R M Ljigrone . . 

D E Cornelius. 

T M BHttle . .

 Grissom 

Melrose schoolhouse

Mrs M Furgeson 

Dudley & Black 

George Bowden. 

James Bowden. .

. .do.... . ..

Driller

J M Phillips. . . 

..do. . .

.. .do.... . . . . 

..do. .. ..

....do.... . . . . 

. do.... .. .

Hudson & Cornelius

Hudson & Cornelius 

. do. .. 

J M Philhps.

.. .do .... . .

.do. 

. do..... . . . 

.do.... . ... .

... do .. .. . 

George Johnson . .

, 

Hudson & Cornelius

. do. ... -... .

D E Cornelius.. 

...do ... . j,. 

. .do .. ... 

. .do .. . . .

J M Philhps . . 

D E Cornelius.

J M Philhps... 

C B Moore.. .. 

. .do. .. . ... . 

...do ... . ...

Authority.

J M Philhps. ... 

..do ......

..do . 

. do.. .. .... .

.. do ... ... .. 

.. do . .

. do. .. .... 

..do ... ...

Hudbon & Cornelius 

J M Philhps.. .. 

Hudson & Cornelius 

. do.... . .. .. 

J M Philhps.. ..

. do .... ... ..

. .do.. . 

. ..do. ...... 

. .do. .. .... ..

. .do .......

. ..do. . . .

J M Phillips. ... 

.. .do.. . . ...

. .do.. . . ...

D E Cornelius... 

.do......... . 

-do. .. .... 

.do.. ...... .

J M Philhps. .. 

D F, Cornelius. .

..do. . . .... .

J M Phillips. . . 

C B Moore...... 

..do ....... 

.. .do. . . ... . 

J M Philhps. . .

.. ..do. ......

*For additional data see " Descriptive notes;" following this table

a Walcr level originally 47 fe<;t

6 Chairman water and light committee
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 169

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

4 

4

4

2 

4 

4 

4 

4

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

2 

6-4

9-6 

4

4 

2 

2 

4 

2

4

4 

4 

4

Depth of 

well

~t

Feet 

250 

280

245 

285

190 

316 

28S 

245 

263

280 

320

300 

280 

300 

200? 

240 

250 

404 

950

600

428 

420 5

400 

396 

390 

280 

340 

330 

280

400 

325 

458 

410 

395 

406 

420

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

335 5 

365

300 

352 

322 

330

318 

310 

350 5 

355

352 5

344 

347 

347

280 

303

299 8

320

Height

01

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

-) the 

jound

Feet

-50?

-55 

-52

-17 

-GO 

-53 

-35 

-32

o-dO 

-30

-32 

-58 

-12 

-16 

-22 

-20 

-70'

-66

-58 , 

<i-62

-47 

-54 

-54 

- 8 

-12 

+ 8 

« 1 5

- 2 

0

-JO 

-18 

-15 

-18

Depths of 

armcrpal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feel

375-445

-- - 

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

.. .

 

10

- -

Pump

Galls 

Small

- -

150 

"15

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch . 

... do.....

.. .do. .. 

.. .<lo.....

. do.... .

. .do .. 

.. .do. .. 

....do ... 

. ..do.....

.. .do .. 

..do. ..

.. do ... 

..do .. 

. do..... 

.. .do.. . 

..do . . 

..do. .. 

do.. 

.. <lo..

. .do. ..

. do.. 

.. .do. .

..do . 

. do. .. 

. .do. -

. ..do . 

... do.... 

. do.. . 

.. ..do ...

. .do. .. 

. do. .. 

. .do. ..

. .d8. ..

.do. . f 

. . do . .

.. . do..

Quality

Soft, alkaline

Soft . . . 

Soft . ..

Remarks

250 feet to water rock- ..

265 feet to water rock, 

casing, 54 feet 

140 feet to water rock. 

285 feet to water rock. .. 

280 feet to water rock . .

372 feet to water rock . 

Test well sunk about 

1882 

390 feet to water rock, 

casing, 390 feet

i

300 feet to water rock . 

2CO feet to water rock.

.do...

Incomplete. ........ .

400 feet to water rook. .

No.

303 

304

305 

306

307 

308 

309 

310 

311

312 

313

314 

315 

316 

317 

318 

319 

320 

321

322

323 

324

325 

326 

327 

J28 

329 

330 

331

332 

333 

334 

335 

336 

337 

338

c Engineer states that * ater is readily lowered

d Originally 57 feet

' Formerly a flowing well
170 GEOLOGy AND UNDEKGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

339

*340

*J41

*342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

*351

352

353

354

355

*356

"357

'358

350

360

*361

*362

*J62A

*3G2B

362C

Location

HEMPSTFAD COUNTS Continued

Hope. . ..

..do .. . .

O?an . .

Ozan, 5 miles east

of

Shover Springs

Spring Hill.. .

. .do . .

Spring Hill, 1J

miles northwest

of

. . do ...

... .do .... . ....

i

. .do . .. . ...

. ...do.... . . .

. .do . .... . .

. .do .......

. ...do.. ......

Wallaceburg .

. ..do .... .

Washington... .

do ...

do .. ...

Washington , 6

miles north of

Washington, 2

miles west of

Washington, 3

miles south of

Yancey. ....

HOT SPRINGS

COUNTY

MaUern, 1 mile

south of

Malvern. .. - ...

Witherspoon, 3J

miles east of

Township

138.

138 .

108 .

10 S.

138

13 S

138.

13 S

138..

13 S .

138

138

13 S

138

10 S

108

11 S

11 S

11 S..

118

118 .

48. .

Range

24 W.

24 W.

25 W. .

25 W..

2r. W

25 W.

25 W. .

'

25 W. .

25 W .

25 W .

25 W.

25 W

25 W. .

25 W..

24 W. .

24 W .

25 W .

25 W

25 W..

26 W.

26 W .

17 W..

Section

7, NEi NEi......

19. .....

30?..... . . .

25. . ....

24, NWiSEi ...

23, SWiSEi- .

23? ... ... . .

22, NEJ SW5 . . .

21, SEi SEJ

20. .....

15, NEi. - -

14, NEi . . .

11, SEi...... -- -

12, SEi SEi - -- -

W

226... . .... .

( c)

(C)

23, NEJ. .....

4, SEJ.... . . ...

^

(

15..... . . .. ...

Owner

Gibson schoolhouse

Arkansas Lithia

Springs Co

Hugh Ki ng ...

J D Mornsett .

Thomas Hames.

James Yocom . . .

Robert Jones.

Claude Duggai . .

J W Moses. ..

David Morgan .

E G Porterficld

Capt T A Colhns.

J W Byram...

S'S Moses....

Wash Moore .

J M Ilendnx...

Prescott Lumber

Co

Town of Washington

C E Royston .

W C Myers.. .

 McFaddon.

E Merrick .

Geo Tayloi Commission Co e

Wisconsin-Arkansas Lumber Co

Win Kilpatnck-

"Brown sSpnngs"

Driller

.

,

James Yocom . . .

Hudson & Cornelius

S R Meredith .

,

James Yocom . , .

...do.. .

Tames Yocom . . .

Hudson &. Cornelius

James Yocom ....

Hudson & Cornelius

Tohn Lowdermilk

S R Meredith....

S R Meredith...

L B Clifford Well

Co

Authority

f

J M Phillips . .

James R Henry,

manager

David Dale Owen.

Postmaster" . .

James Yocom

Hudson & Cornelius

S R Meredith. .

James Yocom .

. . .do.. ... . .

C D Hudson

James Yocom

Hudson & Cornelius

James Yocom

Hudson & Cornelius

Postmaster.

John Lowdermilk.

S R Meredith. .

C E. Royston.

David Dale Owen

Superintendent .

David Dale Owend

. .do. .

S H Meredith. ..

G S Smith/....

A 11 Purdues...

G W Howard,

postmaster

* For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table

"At Cluyton, Ark

& Well near bridge over Ozan Creek, on Prescott and Northwestern Railroad.

"In town ol Washington
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 171

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued *

Diameter of 

well

Inches

4

2

2

21

4

2

2 

2

4-2

35

3 

11

3

10

Depth of 

well

Feet

427

Spring 

480

Spring

580

555

500

434

541

408 

434 

427

500

498

280 

275

750

245 

Shallow 

500

450 

Spring 

700

478

,

250

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

378

^

307

250 

255 

265

316 4

'390

Height 

Of 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

-26

-M

-30

-20

-25±

Flows

-16

v

Flows 

+ 18 

+ 6

- 9

-37

-35 

-28

+ 0

Deptbsol 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

407-427

484-498

90

100?

Yield per minute

Flow

Oalls

1

.

Pump

Gall's

None

None

,

None 

None 

50

Geologic 

horuon 

of waterbeai ing 

strata

Nacatoch.

Sabine 

Bmgen .

Sabine.

Nacatoch

..do.. .

. ..do... ~

. .do....

. ..do ...

. ..do 

.do....

. ..do. ..

. do... .

..do. .. 

Bmgen'..

-

Nacatoch . 

Carboniferous

Quality

f

Magnesia

Soft ...

..do..

. .do .. 

. do. .

Soft. ..

Remarks

401 feet to water rock. ..

Noted for medicinal

qualities

5fi8 feet to water rock.. .

Casing, 35 feet. ....

Casing, 30 feet.. . . * . .

Cost, S130, casing, 00 iect

Cobt, $231 85, casing, 94

feet

Cost, S150, casing, 30 feet.

480 feet to water rock. .

Casing, 75 feet. .... 

Cost, 40 cents per foot.

Water from flssuies in

rock

Bored for oil, not finished. 

Used medicinally. ......

No

339

340

341 

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349 

350 

351

352

353

354. 

355

356

357 

358 

359

360 

361 

3C2

362A

302B 

362C

6 Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 118

e" Walker Farm"

/ Foreman for L B Clifford Well Co

Q Watei>Sup and Irr Paper U S Geol Survey No 102, 1004, pp 378-379
172 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs m southern Arkansas, northern

AK KANSAS

No

363

<)64

305

366

367

368

369

*370

371

372

373

*374

*375

370

377

*378

379

380

381

*3S2

383

*384

385

*386

S87

388

389

390

391

392

Location

HOWAED COUNTS

Allhrook.

do

.do ..

do

.do.... . . . .

..do..... ..

.do...- . . .

.do.... . .

.do....

.do.... . . .

do...

.do.... . .

. ..do.... .

.do .. . . .

.do .. . .

. ..do.... ..

..do ... . . ..

do ...

.do ....

do..... . .

.. .do

.do..... . ....

. .do. .....

do.. ..

Buckrange 3 . . . .

.do. . .

-do ...

..do.

.do. . .

..do .. .

Township

US.

11 S

US

us

11 S

us

us

us

us

us

us .

us .

us .

us

us

us.

us

us

11 S

us

us

11 S

11 S .

us

10 S.

10 S.

10 S

10 s.

10 S

10 S

Range

27 W.

27 W. -

27 W

27 W.

27 W -

27 W. .

27 W

27 W .

27 W .

27 W.

27 W..

27 W -

27 W. .

27 W .

27 W. .

27 W.

27 W

27 W.

27 W. .

27 W.

27 W

27 W.

27 W.

27 W

27 W. .

27 W

27 W..

27 W

27 W.

27 W .

Section

2, SWJSWi ...

4, NEJNEJ... .

5 ..

5 . .... .

5 .

7 .. .. ..

9, NEJSWJ9, NEJSEJ. .

9,-NEiSE} . .

10, SWj'NEi ---

10, NEJNWJ. .

12, NEJSWJ-. ..

15, NEJSEJ. . .

16, SEJ SEJ.

16,SEJ.. . . .

17, NEJSEJ..

17, NW} NEJ

17, SWJ NEJ

17. .

19/SEJ

19 ...

20, NEJ. . .

20, NWJ SEi.....

20

23, NEJ. .

24, NWJ

2l>, SEi...

35'. . . ..

30'...

36' .. . . .

Owner

\Vm Blacknood

W H Cowling .

Joe Crofton

H C Ciofton .

H L Ciofton. . .

Howard Tuiner

fW A CoIemanA 

[ Bro

 McKee .

W A Coloman &

Bro

. do

W W Johnson

Wilson & Walker.

T R Shirley . ..

do . .

Alien Ros,c .

R S Bell

W L Bell..

A L Stewart . . .

W II Cowling* .

do^

Willaby Smith ..

Joe Crofton

R .W Smith.. ..

John Cowling..

S C CowUng

S G Goodlett

Wm Ingram .

Aaron Calvin*. ..

W T Whitmore..

Driller

S R Meredith..

. .do

.do.. .

S R Meredith..

| ..do.. . .

.do.. .

R W Smith &

Bro

R W Smith &

Bro

S R Meredith .

.. .do.. .

R W Smith &

Bro

S R Meredith

.do. . .

R W Smith & Bro

S R Meredith .

. . do. .. ..

. .do... . . .

R W Smith & Bro

R W Smith

D R Shuptine .

. do .. ..

. .<io....

S R Meredith. .

D K Shuptine...

. -do....

Authority

S R Meredith .

. do. .. ..

. ..do .

II C Crofton

H L Crofton .

S R Meredith .

do. ..

... do. ..

...-do .

W A Coleman

. -do ..

S R Meredith

. . do.... .

.

Alien Rose ..

S R Meredith.

W L Bell . .

A L Stewart.

S R Meredith..

..do ..

do.. . . .

Joe Crofton. .

R W Smith.

D R Shuptine.

. do.... .

. .do ...

S n Meredith .

D R Shuptine

. .do. . - -

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table 

« Water was soft when well was first completed, but became hard later 

& Cleared after being used for a few years.

Flow originally 4 to 5 gallons 

d Flow February 11, 190J, 4 gallons 

' Original head
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 173

Louisiana, and adjacent portions nj Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

3 

3

3

4

2

3 

3

3

3 

3

3 

4-3

2

3

2

3

2

2

3

6

3

2

3 

3 

3

3

. ... .

Depth of 

well

feet

340 

480

360" 

230

283

'100 

460

500

460 

460

434 

496

430

360

370 

340

444

320

300

360

330

466

347 5

400 

50 

130

200

360

400

380

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

350? 

310'

360?

320?

300?

'

Height 

of 

water 

above 

( + ) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feel

- 30 

- 80

- 30 

- 60

- 20

Flows 

- 30

- 18

- 13 

+ 3

No flow 

- 22

j + 17

«+ 25

- 10

- 8

(0)

- 18

Flows

+ 30

Flows

- 1

Flows

..do . 

- 15 

- 20

- 60

-100

- 80

-100

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

300-340 

380

350 

230

450

1 460-465 

1 481-500

420

400

i

380 

430

350

360 

320

410 

* 300

250

340

300

,

347

300

±300

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

-

'- ,

' 

no

8

4

Pump

Galls

|. ...

3

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Bingen . 

. do .

.do.. .

do ..

do .

Bingen.

do .

... .do. 

.. .do.. .

Bingen .

.. ..do..

..do . .

do .... 

.. do. ..

.do . 

do. .

. .do. .

do ..

.. do ..

do. ..

. . .do.. .

... .do.. . 

.do 

. . do

do .

. do .

.do. . .

do .

Quality

Soft... .

Softo. . .

Soft. ..

Turbid.

Milky 6 

Soft....

Turbid . . 

Turbid, 

soft

Soft . .

do

do .. 

.. .do.

Soft

. do '

.do

. .do.

.. do..

. do . 

Turbid

Very' turbid J

Hard .

Remarks

Casing 60 feet ..... . 

Used in gin boiler, casing 25 feet

CostS125, casing 30 feet,

drilled in 1886

Completed in 1898, cost,

S100

Casing 36 feet . . . ....

Cost$200, casing 42 feet.

Water becomes turbid

when pumped 

Casing 23 feet Well

flowed from 1897 to

WOO

Cost MOO, drilled in 1900

Drilled in 1902, casing 20

feet

Temperature 65° F ,

formerly a flowing

well

Completed in 1901, flow

has decreased, casing

30 feet

Casing 20 feet ....

*

Drilled in 1883..

No

363 

364

365 

366

367

368 

369

370 

371 

372

373 

' 374

375

376

377 

378

379 

380

381

382

383

384

385

386 

387 

388

389

390

391

392

/Original flow, present flow J gallon 

ff Flowed when first completed 

ft Old Reeder place, house well

"Old Reeder place, farm well

i See also under Mineral Springs and Allbrook

* Bill Carter place
174 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

393 

*394

395 

39b

397 

*398, 

399 

400 

*401 

*402

*404

*405 

40b 

407

*409

409A

409B

"Mil

*412

413

414

*415 

*415A

415B 

415C

*416

Location

HOWARD COUNTY 

continued 

Centerpomt.

. .do- . . . 

. .do. .

.. do- ...

Nashville 

Saratoga-. .. 

do . .

do» .

do.. .

do.. .. . ... .

. .do-- . .

do - - ... 

do . . . 

do . .

JEFFEE10N COUNTY

Fine Bluff . .

. .do. ... . ..

.. do . ..

. do ...

. do ...

. . do. .

do.. ..

. do . . . .. 

..do

Pine Blu£S, 10 miles 

from

southwest of 

Redfleld ..... .

Township

8S 

10 S

10 S

10 S . 

9S 

11 S 

US 

US 

US

US

US .

11 s 

us 

us

 "

Range

28 W

27 W

27 W 

27 W . 

27 W . 

27 W . 

27 W .

27 W.

28 W

28 W . 

28 W . 

28 W.

Section

14. .... .. -

1Q

28, NWi 

32 ', NEJ ' . . . - .

32, SEJ . 

(a) 

29, NWJ NEi 

29. - - - 

29, NWi SEJ 

35, NEi NEJ.....

336 ....

35 ..... . . .

35 . . . - - 

35.. . ... - 

36 ' ... . .

Owner

D J Sassameu .

W K Cowling.. 

. .do .....

F Potter. 

Capt D P Terry 

Frank Smith 

do . . 

Ed McJenkins .

hams 

....do .. 

. do..... . . 

. do.... .

and Lumber Co

western Ry f 

. ..do.. . . ..

and Light Co 

. ..do .

Sawyer-A u s 1 1 n 

Lumber Co

Pine Bluff Ice Co

Oil Co 

Lees Springs . .

Springs

Mountain and 

Southern Rwy

Driller

R W Smith.. .

D R Shuptme.. 

do .... . .

S R Meredith . . 

Frank Smith.. ..

Frank Smith....

S R Meredith .

....do.. . .. . 

.do ..... 

..do.. .. . .

. . . . . .

)

Bro 

. .do...

W B Sharpe. ...

ing

Authority.

D J Sassamen ..

D R Shuptme . 

.. .do. . . ..

W H Cowling . 

S R Meredith . 

Frank Smith. 

. do. ... . 

do ... ...

. do. ... -

S R Meredith.

. . do.. . . . . 

.do. .. . . 

... .do- -. ... .

Postmaster .

county surveyor

and Lumber Co

intendeut water 

service

general master 

mechanic 

F G Bridges,

president t 

Superintendent .

Sawyer-A u 8 1 1 n 

Lumber Co

Jeff Hicks. . .

Oil Co 

A C Pealeff. .

C 11 Winters.. .

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table 

a In town

' Near post-office

c Depth Februarv, 1903.
80UTHER"N ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 175

Louisiana, and adjacent portions.of. Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter ol 

well

Inches 

2

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3J-2 

2-1 

21

3

10-51

10-8 

8-6 

8

10 

4

6

Depth ol 

well

Feet 

500

Springs

78 

160 , 

370± 

132 

600 

390 

C440 

787 0 

602 

455

305 

'355 

465

86 

300

92 

840

890

1 905 

1 915

70-90 

015

300 

826

Spring

545

Approximate eleAationol 

surface

Feet

+300

375 

310

385 

385 

290

279

210 

216

I"

±215

300

Height 

ol 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

-98

Flows. 

-60 

-60 

-35 

- 8 

Flows.

-50' 

-60 

+ 12

Flows 

.do. 

-16

-36

-18 

-20

-22 

e -31

-47

-26 

-28

-60

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

78

120-132 

±400

750

37-92 

840

864-915

26-100 

806-820

404-412

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls 

15,

i

3-5 

8

Pump

Galh

V

Large

650 

^600

+30

20

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Trinity. .. 

Bmgen. . . 

. .do....

do . .

.. do 

. .do 

.do. . 

.do....

Bmgen .... 

. .do . . 

do. .

do.. .

.do . . 

do

Quaternary 

Sabine . .

..do..

. .do.. ..

Quaternary. 

Sabine . . .

Quaternary 

Sabine . .

Quality

Hard,iron

Alkaline, 

iron

Soft ... 

.do .. 

Brackish

Sulphur

Very good, 

soft

.. .do ...

Hard, iron 

Soft,slight 

amount 

of Iron 

Hard, iron 

Soft ..

Sulphureted

Remarks.

Casing, 110' feet, drilled 

ml901 

Many large springs ....

Incomplete ...

- ^ -

Completed in 1897 . . .

Strainer 60 feet, completed in 1899, temperature G4° F 

Completed m 1898. .' .

Abandoned ..... . . . 

Forms soft red scale, 

completed in 1899

Temperature 64° F 

Completed September, 

1904

do.... .. . .«... . .

No

39 

39

39 

39 

39 

39, 

39 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40

40 

40 

40

40 

409J

4091 

41

41

41

41 

41

41 

415J

4151 

415( 

41

d Letter. July 6,1899

«In 1899 Level in 1902 was-46

/ Two wells

a Bull U S Geol Survey No 32,1886, pp 120,121
176 GEOLOGY'AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, not (hern

ARKANSAS

No

417

*418

*419

*420

*421 

*422

423

*424

425

*426

*427

428

429

430

431

432

*433 

* 4<J4

435 

*436

437

4053 *JS

Location

LAFAYETTE COUNTY

Bolmger (Kress

City; 

Bradley

Frostville.

'New Lewisvillr, 2

miles west of

New Lewisville. .

miles south of

mile eust of

New Lewisvule

do.. .

New lewisville, 5

miles north of

Stamps..

.. .do ..'.

. .do . . .

LINCOLN COUNTY

') - ' - -

LITTLE RIVER

COUNTY

Alleene . ...

. .do..

Arkmda . 

Ashdown

Cerro Gonio. 

Colcboro (Red

River) 

do.. .. .

ColeBoro (Lake

Fulton)

Township

17 S

18 S

 ins

16 S . 

16 S .

16 S

loS.

16S

16 S

US

us

11 S 

12 S

9S 

138

138

13 S

Range

24 W.

25 W .

24 W..

24 W 

24 W..

24 W.

24 W.

24 W-.

24 W.

31 W.

31 W33 W. 

29 W.

33 W.. 

27 W.

27 W.

27 W

Section

9 '.

18 . ...

14d .....

(")

W

15 ..

. .....

. .

3bd.... . .

25 ... .. .

26. 

32" .. .

36 ...

27, SEi NEJ.

29, SEINE}.. ..

31, NEJ NE} ...

Owner

Kress City Lumber Co 

H Binith.

jRed River Lum-

{ ber Co 

do. .... .

L B Clifford. 

Sim Owen

Sunny South

Lumber Co

Cour4" -house. . ..

R R Moore..

Lewisville Lumber Co

[Bodcau Lumber 

1 Co

do...

. do . .

I.

General. . .

R L Johnson

H C Kingston

J A Reinhardt ' 

J ~R Bowles .

State Salt Springs 

Geo W Orton

do.. .

A B Phillips.

Driller

L B Clifford...

 L B Clifford. .

. do.... ... . .

do . .. 

. .do.... . .....

L B Clifford....

J P Clifford ...

J M Philhps. ..

JL B Clifford. .

..do. .... . .

. .do. . . . . .

Authority

L B Clifford.

G D Harris" .

L B Clifford. ..

..do.. .. .....

. .do .. 

..do..... . . ..

L B Clifford ..

R R Moore.

J M Philhps .

L B Clifford

.do ...

.do.... . . .

County clerk. ...

R L Johnson..

H C Kingston

J A Reinhardt . 

J R Bowles... .

D F Shall/... 

Geo W Orton.

. . .do.... . .. ..

. ...do..... . ...

* For additionul data we "Descriptive notes," folio-wing this table 

a Ann Rept Oeol Survey Arkansas for 1892, 1894, p 83 

& From 4-inch wells 

c From 6-mcli well
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 177

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

3

4

1 5

f 4 

6

6

2

2

2

8

3

3

^

10

8 

4

96-4

3 

3

Depth of 

well

Feet

140

37

156 

364

502

T) 

44

232

240

250

200

415

306

329

18-30

66 

75 

290

70

Spring

146

160 

190

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

267

255 

25J

262

270

'

301

307

263 6

260

255

255

320 

330

265

265 

270

Height 

ot 

watei above1 

( + ) or 

below 

-) the 

jround

Icet

-36 

-36

[ -54

r -20

-30 

-32

-44

-18 

-20

Flows.

-35

-40

+ 1

+ 0

Flows

.do .

-56 

-65

19

No flow

- 8 

-11

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

80-140

112-120 

140-160

364

75-79

204-234 

300-320

468-482

75-79 

36-44

232

223-240

150-200

1 233-345 

I 370-415

233-306

233-329

56-66 

65-75

19-25-70

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

*

1

. ...

i

5

5

Pump

Galls

l>35 

c52

Not

used

50

25

600

200

200

None

Large

..

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary

. .do

Sabmc..

. do. .

Quaternary

Sabme 

.do . .

. do

Quaternary ' 

do

Sabme.

. . do. ..

.. do. .

. ..do . .

. ..do . .. 

do.

..do

. do . .

Quaternary' 

do .

Quaternary'

Nacatoch. 

.do

.do ..

Quality

Good ...

Alkaline

Impotable

Alkaline .

Good . .

Sulphur .

Sulphu r , 

iron,

magne -

sia

Soft .... 

Sulphur

Hard .. 

. do...

Salty ...

Salty . 

Good ...

Soft .. .

Remarks

1 Water in white sand and

gravel, wells sunk in

1892, 1896, 1898

Used for town supply 

and boilers

Completed in 1892 . . ...

Completed in 1902

Completed in 1901 . .

fWater taken entirely 

1 from 233 to 345 feet, 

I temperature 66° F

Completed in 1892 . . .

Completed in 1893.

Water generally bad,

rather soft

Drilled in 1899.

Well Sfeet square, 25 feet

deep, supplies gin

Salt springs .

No

417

418

419

420

421 

422

423

424

425

426

| 427

428

429

430

431 

432 

433

434

435

436

437 

438

<i In town

' Well started for camp of C C C C Co , but camp was transferred before well n as completed

/Colton's map of Arkansas, 1857
178 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

AHKANSAS

No

439

*440 

441

*443

*445 

446

*447

*448 

449

450

450A 

450B

451 

*452

453

454

450 

457

459

400

Location

LITTLE RIVER

COUNTY continued 

Coleboro (Red

lliver) 

.do ... 

.do .

Hud9on .

Rocky Comfoit . 

do ...

do ...

Rocky Comfort 

(Red River) 

White Cliffs d .

White Chfls, one

mile south of 

Wilton .... 

Wmthrop . .

do ....

LONOKE COUNTY

Cabot. . . '.

Carlisle.... . . .

from

MILLEK COUNTY

Boggy., 

do

-do ... .

Crank ....

-. .do. ... . .

Township

14S.

14 S 

13 S

13 S. 

13 S.

12 S. 

12 S

12 S

13 S 

US

12 S.

us

12 S

I

27 S . 

27 S .

27 S.

Range

28 W..

28 W.. 

28 W..

29 \V.. 

29 W .

32 W . 

32 W .

32 W. .

32 W 

29 W. .

SOW. 

31 W .

31 W

17 W.. 

17 W..

17 W

Section

2, SEi NEi

2' .. 

2. ...

15.. ... 

306.. ... .. .

18, SE}.. . . 

28, NEJNE} .

36. ...

32. .. .. 

36?. .. ....

1, NEJ.... 

7 .

7 ...... .

34.. . . .... .... 

34 ... .........

34.. . . .........

Owner

Ed Moss .

Frank Harkness .

Hudson River 

Lumber Co

J T Ilolman ... 

Col A D Hawkins.

C S Walker..

Jcsse L De Long. .

White Chfls Portla n d cement 

works

P Kmsworthy . 

W A Black

ber Co 

General ' . . .

Mountain and 

Southern Rwy

Lumber Company, 

do ... . .

..do ... .

J W Crank......

A P Littleton. .

Driller

S R Meredith.

L B Clifford. 

S R Meredith..

.-. ... . .

J P Clifford --

J P Clifford ... .

.... do.. . . ....

L B Clifford. ...

J P Clifford . . . . -

Authority.

S R Meredith . 

D F Shall".

L B Chffoid. .

J C Brannerc..

county surveyor 

C S Walker ....

JessoL DeLong.. 

S R Meredith. ..

. .do ... . .

P Kmsworthy .

..do .... ...

J P Clifford

engineer.bndges 

and buildings

St Loins, Iron 

Mountain and 

Southern Rwy 

J P Clifford .

. ..do.... ... ..

L -B Clifford.. . 

J P Clifford ...

. .do.--.. .. .

ery , county clerk 

. . do ... .....

* For additional data see Descriptive notes,' following this table. 

"Colton's map of Arkansas, 1857. 

& In town
SOUTHERN- ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 179

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued

(SOUTIIERN)-Contmued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

3

4 

2}

4-2 

2

6

2J-2 

8

2

6 

4-25

Depth of 

well

feet 

190

300 

Spring

830

224 

308

500 

560 

325

300-400

45-56 

Spring 

. -do ..

100 

394

137

160 

±100

310 

160

250 

Spring

rtn

Approximate elevat.on of 

surface

Feet 

270

270

319 

300

300

. .. .

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

-10

-10

-40 

-45

-30

Flows 

.do .

-35 

-20

-15

1-

Depths of 

principal 

waterhearing 

strata

Feet

200-300

830 

100-224

45-56

J 270 

i 310 

IbO 

150 

250

Yield per.minute

Flow

Oalh

 

Large

Pump

Oalls

None 

.do

Small 

None

28

50

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatooh. 

. . do..

Nacatoch...

-- - ------ --

.. . do.. .

Quaternary 

Bingen? 

.do ..

Quaternary

Quaternary 

. . do...

Sabine... . 

. do . . 

. do.. .

Sabine .. 

. . do... --

.. do .. .

cTrans Am Inst Mm Fng for 1S97, vol 27,1898

Quality

. do .

Soft... .

Hard... .

Hard.

Salty.- - 

Lime, iron

Impotable 

Good..

Brackish 

Soft. .

Freestone 

p 48

Remarks

Casing, GO feet . .. . . 

Salt springs. 

See under Rocky Comfort

Casing, 80 feet . .

Several hundred feet 

deep 

Well abandoned, drilled 

in 1901

Water in gravel . .

Supplies sawmill . .. .

Water in gravel .... 

Rock below 276 feet. . . .

Many fossil shells at 14 

feet.

Water m gravel .. . .

).............

Casing, 150 feet .... 

Water associated with 

lignite bed

No.

439

440 

441

443

444 

445 

446

447 

448 

449

450

450A 

450B 

450C

451 

452

453

454 

455

456 

45',

I 458 

459 

460

d See also under Brownstown, Sevier County 

e For southern portion
180 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

*461

462

463

*464

465

46fi

467

*468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

*47G

477

*478

*479

*480

*480A

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

Location.

MILLER COUNTY 

continued 

Fort Lynn.

IIoman(Red River)

. .do .

.do ..

.do

Homan (Scott

Lake)

. do.. .

Homan (Clipper

Spur)

Homan (opp Fulton)

. do ... .

Homan(Red River)

. do ... ...

... .do .... ....

. .do .... .

.do.. .. ...

. ..do.. .. . . .

Mandeville

Texarkana". . .

. .do. . . . .

.. .do .... . .

. . do .

NEVADA COUNTY

Boughton c . .

.. .do. .. . . .

. .do ..

do

. . do

... .do

. . .do . .

. do . . .

. .do.. .

.. .do .

Clayton. . .

*

Township

15 S

14 S

14 S .

14 S

13 S .

13 S

13 S

13 S .

13 S.

13 S.

13 S

13 S .

13 S .

13 S

13 S

. .

15 S .

15 S.

15 S .

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S.

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S.

us.

Range

26 W. .

2fi W. .

20 W.

20 W..

26 W

27 W. .

27 W.

26 W.

26 W.

27 W. .

27 W.

27 W.

27 W.

27 W.

27 W..

28 W.

28 W .

28 W

22 W. .

22 W.

22 W. .

22 W .

22 W..

22 W. .

22 W .

22 W..

22 W .

22 W

23 W..

Section

2 .....

9. . ...

8 . ... .

5 . .

31' ....

36'.. .

36?. .. . ...

20 ... . .

19. . . .

24? .. . . .

26'.. . . ..

32 . . . .

18-19 . . .......

29, SWJ SWJ . .

29, SWi SWJ.

29, NEiNEJ . .

25. . . . ..

2h, NEJ . . .

26<i. . . .

26<i.. ..

26<i.....

26<i....

27, SEi NE} ..

27 SEJNWi.. .

27 SEJSWi ....

27, NWiSWi ..

12. ...

Owner

Fouke sawmill

J W Hervey.. ..

Fuquay place . .

Bryant and

B'Shirs

Wilson place. . . .

Joe Richards. ..

J Shultz....* .

..do .

.do. ..

Captain Wheeler.

Jits Shultz . .

.do .

Mrs Cloud (Augburn place)

fOpposite Phillips

1 place

Avery (K i n s -

worthy place)

Joe Winters . .

General . ...

Waterworks Co

of Texarkana

.do. ..

Oil company. .

Home Ice Co . ...

Josiah Frisby

heirs

John Do Laughter

E De Laughter

-do ....

 Steward

St Louis Iron

Mountain and

Southern Rwy

W L Hmes .

Geo W Hmes

Claud Buchanan

. ..do . .

J A Cafleld ..

Driller

J P Clifford....

George Johnson .

C D Hudson

Hudson & Cornelius

Hudson & Cornelius

do. .. . .

. . do. . ...

..do. ..

. ..do. . . . .

.do

. ..do .

>George Johnson .

James Yocom . .

Hudson & Cornelius

[American Well & 

\ Prospecting Co

 >

Geo W Hmes . .

.do.. . .

.do .

_ .do .

.do

Geo W Hmes . .

.do

.do

.do .

Authority

J P Clifford ....

J M Phillips .

Dr B Shirs.. .

C D Hudson

W H McMuster

C D Hudson

do

do ..

..do... ..

.do. . ...... .

. . do .

do.. . . ...

W H McMuster

J M Philhps..

C D Hudson

. do.. . . ..

Postmaster.... .

R A Munson,

superintendent

..do..

do ....

American Well & 

Prospecting Co

Goo W Hmes .

.. .do

do ...

. do

.. .do..

do ...

-do. .. . .

.. .do . .

.do. ..

-do. .. . .

Postmaster . . . .

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table, 

"bee also 1067-1069under Bowie County, Tex 

& Whole system
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 181

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

2

2

2

360-5

12-6 

12-C !-- 

3J

3J

3 

3 

3i 

31 

Spring

Depth of 

we!!

Feet. 

190 

700-800 

492 

486

300

300 

270

140

160 

137 

180

205 

340

408

25 

45

930 

1,390

1,900

80-85

61 

31 

27 

55 

18

72 

63 

68 

100-

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

245 

250 

250

250

255 

254

260 

"260 

7265

268

295

295 

297

236 3 

231 3 

232 9

Height 

of 

water 

above 

( + ) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

Flows 

. do .

. do . 

- 0

- 0 

- 4

Flows

_ o 

- 8 

-13

Flows

i. do 

U do 

-13

- 8

-10

-28 

-30 

I -15

I r 5

Flows 

..do .

- 3 

+ 1 

Flows 

+ 2

-35 

-30 

- 3

ef\

Depths of 

principal 

waterhearing 

strata

Feet

470-486 

290-300

170-180

180 

205

15-45

825-925 

800-900 

880-900 

911-941

28-55

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls 

Large

Small 

Large

Pump

Galls

- -

6500 

187

- -

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Sabine 

Nacatoch 

do . .

do .

do 

do

do 

do

. do

do 

.. do

Nacatoch 

. 

Nacatoch . 

do. .

Quaternary 

Lafayette ?

Nacatoch 

. do ... 

do . 

.. do . .

do.. ...

.do ....

do.. .. 

do . . 

. do . . 

do ..

. .do...

do ... 

. .do ..

do . 

Sabme

Quality

Soft. .

Soft . 

do..

. do . . 

. . .do .

do

Good.. . 

Salty .

Fresh. 

Salty . . 

. do. ..

... do....

Soft .. . 

. do. .

Salty

Brackish . 

. .do

. . .

Hard. 

.... do . .

Remarks

Water in coarse sand .. 

Abandoned. . . .

Water rock, 2 feet thick.

Water rock, 8 feet thick

I - --- --- 

Many large springs

No 01!, abandoned

1- - ------

Flow has decreased 

greatly

Welt iii dcd of Garland 

Creek

Sour spimg, noted lor 

medicinal piopeities

No

461 

462 

463 

464

465 

466

467 

468

469

470 

471 

472 

473

474 

475

476

477 

478

479 

480

480A

481

482 

V 483 

484 

485 

486

487 

488 

489 

490 

491

' See also under Prescott 

a m village of Bougnton
182 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

492

493

494

495

496

497

408

499

.TOO

501

*502

503

504

Kfie OU3

506

507

508

509

510

511

512

513

,114

515

*510

517

518

510

520

521

522

523

524

*525

526

527.

628

529

530

6E3

Location

NEVADA COUNTY 

continued 

Emmet a . . .

. .do.. - .

.do.. . .

. .do.. -

do.

do . -

..do -.

..do... - .

. .do...

.. do

do -

.do -- -

..do. . -

..do .

.

Garlandvillec ....

..do..

.do-- -.

. .do.. . . .

. .do . .

. .do. -- . .

.do

Lackland . .

Lanesburg. .. .

. .do ... - - .

do...

..do.. -

. .do.. .

. do . .

. .do . .

do ... . . .

. ..do... -- -

. do.. . .

. .do.. . . ....

do .. .. ...

do ...

Prescott ... . . . . <

. do... .

. ..do ...

Township

11 S

US .

US.

11 S

11 S

11 S

US

us

12 S

12 S

12 S

12 S

12 S .

12 S

12 S .

12 S..

12 S

11 S

11 S

11 S

US

11 S

11 S

11 S .

12 S .

12 S.

12 S

12 S

12 S .

12 S

12 S .

12 S .

12 S .

12 S

12 S .

12 S .

12 S .

10 S .

10 S

10 S

Range

23 W

23 W

23 W

23 W

23 W

23 W .

23 W .

23 W .

23 W

23 W.

23 W .

23 W

23 W .

23 W

23 W .

23 W .

23 W

22 W. .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

21 W.

22 W. .

22 W. -

22 W..

22 W .

22 W .

22W .

22 W .

22 W. .

22 W

22 W.

22 W.

22 W

21 W .

21 W .

21 W .

Section

22. ... . . .

22

22, NWi . ,

27 ...

34, SWi SEi..

35, SWi SWi- -

35, NEi NEi.

36, NWi SWi

2, NWi NWi

3, NEi NEi . .

3, NEJ NWi -

3 . . .

3 . . . . '. .

3

3, NEJ SWi...

3, NEJSWJ...

12, NEi --

3, SWi - ---

10, SWi -

10, SWi... -

10, SWiSW}-

15, NWi NWi .

15, SE'.

15, NEi NEi.. -

8

10, SEiSWi-.

14, NEiSWJ. .

14, NWi.. -

15, NWi --- -

16, NWi NE}

10, SWi SWi.. -

17, SWJSEJ .

17, SEi SWi 

20, NWi NWi- -

20 S W1

20, NEi SWi.. --

20, NEi NEi ---

30, SWi SWi....

30, SEiSWi-. .

30, SWi SEi 

Owner

Geo Wake . ..

Sam Cowhorn. . .

Jas Prather

Chas Blagg .

J M Holton. .

Ed Hood. .. .

R. A Landers .

. .do.... . . .

P McGroury.. .

J A Hood.....

C B Moore .....

Chas, Lee.

Doctor Garner .

J M Thompson

Village of Emm»t.

Robert Burns .

J A Calloway .

Mrs Gordon .

Mat Duncan . .

H L Griffin .

D T Milam . .

.do.... . .

Wiley Hatley .

Sullivan place.

E Matthews..

J A Alsobrook

J A Nelson.. .

W J Martin...

J Matthews..

G W Hudson. ..

L Whitton....

John Cram .....

Pisgah School....

H C Bright. ....

D P Hazzard

John Smith. ....

John Hooks. .

Jas Mitchell .. .

Driller

G B Hipp..

.do .

..do ...

. do . . .

C B Moore.

do..

.

C B Moore

. .do ....

. .do.... . .

. .do ..... .

C D Hudson.

C B Moore.. ..

. .do....

. do ..

G B Hipp.

. . do .

..do ...

. .do... - - -

Geo W limes ..

.do .

G B Hipp.- -

...

Hudson & Cornelius

- - . -

J J Byers... ...

. .do-.-- - -- .-

Hudson & Cornelius

J J Byers . .

Hudson & Cornelius

Hudson & Cornelius

Geo W Hmes....

. . do.....

. . -do . .

Authority

G B Hipp......

..do ..

. . .do.. .

.do.. ..

C B Moore ....

do.... . ..

do .... .

do . ....

do. . .

J A Hood. ...

C B Moore . ...

C D Hudson . .

C B Moore . ...

. .do.. . .. ..

. do ..

T A Callow ay.

G B Hipp . ..

do

. ..do . .

do. .. .. .

Geo W Hincs

do. .

G B Hipp.

.

County surveyor

E Matthews. ...

Hudson & Cornelius

C D Hudson. .

. .do.

.. .do. ..

D P Hazzard .

Hudson & Cornelius

C D Hudson. .

Hudson & Cornelius .

C D Hudson. . .

Hudson & Cornelius

C D Hudson. ..

Geo W Hmes....

.do. .... .

.. .do...... . ...

*For additional data see 

a For wells near Emmet, 

bFlow has decreased.

" Descriptive notes," following this table

but in Hempstead County, see under Hempstead Count;
SOUTHEKN ABKANSAS 'WELL AND SPRING KECOKDS. 183

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

4

4

4

' 3J

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3 

3

3

3

3

.

2

3

3-2

31 

31 

31

Depth of 

well

Feet

± 80

80

82

130 

190

225

172

202

±250

208 5

200

237

293

228

283

268

328

50

80

30 

65'

60

100

82

22*,

465

508

542

463

419 

430 

480

469 

456

520

436 

165 

145 

155

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

260 5

270

292 5

320 2

±205

337 5

333 5

249 2

202 6

284 4

258 4

244 2 

274 7 

255 4

251 

266 8

269 

299

261 2

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

helow 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

- 8

-15

-10

Flows 

do

do.

do

. do

do

+ 1 5

- 2

-12

-22

-50

-20

Hows

-25

-60

-15 

-40 6

-38 5

-35

-25

+ 11

- 4

-27

+ 05

rfFlows 

-11 

+ 3

Flows 

- 0 8

'-32

Flows 

-20 

+ 10 

- 0

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

200-208 5

192-206

.. .

t

r

530-51)8

420-403

466-480 

400-450

500-520 

400-436

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

U

3

3

*

1

!>1

.

3

0 2 

0 5

0 2 

i

Pump

Galls

. ....

None

....

- - -

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Naeatoch. .

do ...

do ...

..do . . 

. do....

do.

. .do. ..

. do. .. .

. ..do. ..

....do^ .

do.

. do.... .

...do. ..

. .do .

. .do ..

.do .

. ..do... .

. do. ..

do

.do. .. 

. do. ..

. .do .. .

. .do. .

.do ....

Naeatoch . .

do. .

..do.. ..

.do.....

. do....

do .. 

. .do. .. .

.. .do .. . 

..do.....

. do....

. .do. ....

. .do.....

..do... .

. do.. 

. do.. . 

. do. ..

Quality

.. .

Soft

. do...

. do...

. .do. .

... do. .

..do ..

. . .

Hard ....

.do.. .

do.

Soft.

Hard .

Soft

. do .

Soft..... 

....do....

Soft..i. . .

Hard .. .

Soft... ..

Remarks

.

Casing, 30 feet..

..

199 feet to water rook,

<asmg, 35 feet

Casing, 32 feet. ....

230 feet to water rock. .

240 feet to water rock,

supplied sawmill

265 feet to water rock. .

248 feet to water rock. ..

308 feet to water rock. . .

. .

See Prescott

Abandoned

Cost $300, casing 425 feet .

Cost $100, casing 30 feet.

490 feet to water rock.. .

... .. .....

.... .

Formerly a flowing well.

No.

492

493

494

495 

4%

497

498

499

500

501

502

503

504

505

506

507

508

509

510

511 

512

513

514

515

516

517

518

519

520

521 

522 

523

524 

525

526 

527

528 

529 

530 

531

c For wells near Garlandvllle, but in Hempstead County, sep under Hempstead County 

rfMr F Matthews states that water would rise 32 feet when well was completed in 1890 

c Original level, present level lower

1393 No 46 06 14
184 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND' W-ATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

' Wells ahd springs m southern Arkansas/ northern

ARKANSAS

No

532

533

534

535

53b

*537

*538

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

54b

547

548

549

550

551

552

*553

554

555

556

557

55b

559

500

561

562

*563

564

564A

565

566

567

568

569

570

571

572

Location

NEVADA COUNTY 

continued 

Prescott.

do. ...

.do . .

. do

do

do ..

do ..

do. ...

do

.do

do

do .

.do .

.. do .....

. do ...

do ...

.do. ...

..do ...

-dp 

.do .

.do

.do.

do .

.. . do ...

. do . .

.do. ..

.do. .

Prescott (Wrye).

.do .

.do. ...

. .do. ...

.do. . .

. . .do .

.do .

Prescott (Lac kland)

Prescott

do .

.do ..

.do

.do .

.do . .

.do. ... .

Township

10 S.

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S .

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 S

10 t>

11 S

11 S

11 S

US

11 S

11 S

us

11 S

11 S

us

11 S

11 S

11 S

11 S

11 S

Range

21 W. .

21 W.

21 W. .

21 W.

21 W

22 W

22 W .

22 W. .

22 W.

22 W.

22 \V.

22 W .

22 W.

22 W

22 W

22 W

22 W.

22 W

22 W.

22 W

22 W

23 \V

23 W.

23 W.

23 W

23 W

23 W.

21 W.

21 W.

21 W.

21 W.

21 W.

21 W.

21 W.

21 W.

22 W.

22 W

22 W.

22 W.

22 W.

22 W.

22 W.

Section

31

31, NEJSWi- ...

32. .

32.

33.

4 . .

20. -

20

28, SWi ....

28, SWi Nwi -

29, SEiNEi-. ..

29 . .

29, NWJ . . -

30, NEJ. . .

31, SWJNWi.....

31, NEiSWi ...

31, SWi SEI..

31, SWi SWi ..

34. ....

34. '.

34. ....

13.

35, SEJ .... .

35

35.

36, SWJ ... ...

30, SEJ ..

4, NEJ

7, SWi - -

7, NEJSEi .

8, SWJ -----

15 NW1

18, NEJ . .

18, NEi. .. ...

28 ...

1, NEi NEi. ...

1, SEi ...

2, SBJSEJ . ..

3, SEi ... . .

'4, NEJ - -

4, SEi ---- - -

4, SWi. -----

Owner

Dave Defoe

Robt McNcely...

Jas Breedlove ..

Rufl Andrews .

Wm Hunt.. ..

T T Willlamson

Smith Bnley. ...

Joe Arnett . .

O M Bilhngsly.

Avey Waid . .

-do

Mrs J B Shanks

.do.

Jas Mitchell. ...

 Hale . .

Mrs Ida Nelson. .

John Hale.. . .

John Matthews.

Robert Hawkins

A Hawkins .

I Hawkins...

Iron Springs .

Dr E Hale ...

Geo McKtiin..

Wm Bntt.. .

J M Neal.. . .

Chas E Clarke.

James Andrews

Parson Pheps . . .

Geo Gatlm.

A J Bolls ....

Jas Gibson.. ..

Jas Cummings.

J N Beane

L Eaines... ....

L TI Tlitt

Eobt Barham

Burnet Steele . .

R M Walker

Geo Gatlm.

Wm Gee .. .

Driller

Geo W Hmes. .

do..

G B Hlpp .

Geo W Hmes.

.do .

.do .. . ...

do .

. .do .

. do ..

. -do

. .do ..

. .do . .

do ..

do ..

H W Wade .. .

J C Lowdermilk .

Oo W Hmes . .

do..

. do

. do . . . .

Geo W Hmes

do

do . .

.do.. '

.do.. . .

Geo W Hmes

Jas Lowdermilk..

Geo W Hmes..

Jas Lowdermilk .

do. ..

Oi'O W Hmoa.. .

do. .

Geo W Hmes.

. do. . .

Geo W Hmes

Authority

Gi-o W Hmes.

do.. ....

Geo W Hmes .

do . ..

do.. ... .

do .

do.... . .

do. . .

do . ; ..

do ... ... .

. .do... . ..

. .do.. . . ...

.do.. .

H W Wade....

J C Lowdermilk

Geo W Hmes.. .

.do.. . .

.. .do . ....

.. .do... . . .

David Dale Owcn&

Geo W Hmes ...

.do...

.. do... . .

. do ...

do . . .

. do

do. . .

Jas Lowdermilk .

. do.. . . . .

Geo W Hmes. ..

Tas Lowdermilk. .

. .do... . ...

J N Beane .... .

Geo W Hmes. ..

do .. . .

.. do....

do.... . .

do .

. do.. . . --

do.. . ..

* For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table

" February, W02

6 Second Report ol a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 117
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 185

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

In (.lies

31

013z

3J

31

31

31

3i

31

31

31

31

31

31

3

3

3

31

31

31

3}

31

3J

31

3

31

3

3 i

3

3

31 

31

31

31

31

3

3

3

Depth of 

well

Feet

215 

192

230

245

245

285

72

47

120

66

72

76

165

70+

55

80

78

120

160

235 

Spring

60

80

63

72

75

315

300 

400

325 

375

360

375

433 

228

244

243

105

150

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

375

345 2

....

316

313 6

250

234

220

28fi

Height 

of

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

- 5 

- 3

Flows

do .

do .

- .

«- 53 5

- 25

- 20

- 28

- 35

-100

- 63

Flows

+ 1

Flows

- 35

- 5

- 20

- 90

- 20

- 50

- 40

_ oc

1

- 35

- 50 

-100

(°> 

- 2 5

- 60

- 50

Flows 

- 50

- 45

- 55

- 40

_ 2

1- 1 3

Depths of

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

63-70

.

...

Yield p 

u

Flow

Galls

--

2

1

None

.

i

'

Large

i

er inmte

Pump

Galls

.

-. . .

- -

. .

Geologic

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch 

do...

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.... .

. do ... -

. do .. .

. .do ..

. do ..

do .. .

.do ...

. do ...

. do .

.. do ..

. - do ..

do...

do.

do. .

Nacatoch.

do.

do

do.

do.

do.

do. . 

do. ..

do.... . 

.do ...

. . do .. .

. .do ...

. . do 

do....

do....

. . do .. .

do

do

do ...

do .

Quality

*

Hard..

Soft..

do ..

Soft. ..

Slightly

hard

S aline

chalybeate

Soft... '.

Soft . . 

Hard

... .

Remarks

Abandoned

. ..

...

100 feet to \\ ater rock .

Casing, 50 leet

2 flowing wells .

60 feet to water rock . .

Casing, 71 feet ...

Formeilj a flowing well.

Wood casing, 47 feet,

cost, S75

370 feet to water rock

Cost, $80 ..

Formerly a flowing well.

.do. ..... .

120 feet to water rock. . .

No

532

Coo Ooo

534

535

536

537

538

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

540

547

548

549

550

551

552 

553

554

555

550

557

558

559

500 

561

562 

563

564

564A

505 

580

567

568

569

570

571

572

<: Near the surface

<* January, I9oi. Formerly stood 1 loot above the ground.
186 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

573

575

576

577

578A 

*579

*580

581

*582 

583

584

585

586

587

589

590 

591

594

59S

507

598

601

602

603

604 

605 

606

607

610

Location

NEVADA COUNTY 

continued 

Prescott. . 

. .do. ......

.. .do.....

.. do... 

.. do... ....

. do..... . .

. do.... . 

. do.....

.....do-.--.--- ...

.....do... .......

.....do......... . 

.....do.............

..do...... ... ..

. .do. .... ... ..

.. do. .... . .

.do.... . . 

..do..... . .. .

.do....

.do. ... . . 

..do. ..

.do. ...

.do. ..

. do ......

.do.. .

...do. ... . . .

..do. .....

..do. ...

. .do .. . ... .

....do. ... . . .

. ...do. ..

... .do. .... .

... -do ..

... .do. ... 

.. -do. ... .. . .. 

.. .do. ... . .

....do..... . . 

.do.. . . .

.. do...... .. .

... .do...... ... .

Township

11 S 

11 S .

US

11 S 

11 S .

12 S 

12 S

12 S .

12 S.

12 S. 

12 S.

us

us.

us. 

us

us

us 

us

us

us

us

us

us

11 S

us

us

11 S .

11 S

11 S .

us .

11 S

us

11 S

11 S 

11 S

n Q

11 S

Range

22 \V . 

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W . 

22 W .

22 W .

22 W.

22 W. . 

22 W.

22 W.

22 W. .

22 W 

22 \V .

22 W . 

22 W..

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W .

22 W.

22 W.

22 W..

22 W . 

22 W . 

22 W .

22 W .

23 W .

Section

4, SWJ NWJ . 

5, SWi NEi....

5, SEJNWJ.. .

6, SWJ NEJ . 

6, SWi NWi. -

6, SWi SWJ ---

7, NWJ NEJ . 

8, SEi.. . ....

8, SEJ..... .

9, NWi... .....

9 ... 

g

<)

10, SWI........

10, NEJ. ....

11, NEJ. .. . 

12, NEJ. ....

14. ... .... 

14 SW 1

10, SWi SWi.....

18, NEi SWJ.

21, SEJNEJ

21, NEi NEi....

22, NEi NWJ. .

23, SWI SWi. -

23, SWi........

23, SWi........

23. .......

25. ... .......

26,,NWJNWJ....

27, NEi NEJ.... 

27, NWi.. - 

28, SWi NWJ. --

29, NEJ SEJ.. . 

30, NEi. .....

32, SEJ .. .... .

2, SWi SWJ.. ..

O wner

A Aburrow . . .

do.. . . . .

All Francisco . .

Alien Francisco

Prescott (water 

works)

General . . .

do.. .

Robt Barnaul . .

Green Wiley.. . 

-do .. ..

A Butcher..... .

ground

J T McCaskill ..

T J Lavender. . . 

A Smith. ....

Kenor Gill . .

Chaa Frcihureer

Driller

do ... ...

.do .. . .

.do.... . . .

.do.... . .

H W Wade . .

.do ... . 

. do. .....

do ....

J C Lowdermilk .

.do.... .. .

.. .do. .- . .

. .do .......

.do . .

John Lowdermilk.

G B Hrnr,.. ....

Authority

Geo W Hines

H W Wade

. .do

. .do .. . 

II W Wade

.. .do . .

.do.... . . .

.do.... .

.do. ..

..do... .

..do... .. .

H W Wade.

do . . 

.. .do. ...

do. ...

do .

do . .

.do. .. .

.do .

.do.....

. .do ..... . . .

..do .. . ..

.do ...

. .do. .. .

.do .:. . 

.. do . .

John Lowdermilk

O B Hipp..... .

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this tahle 

f Formerly flowed 2 feet above the ground.
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPKINQ EECOEDS. 187

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches 

3 

3

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

6 

10

3 

3-10

4i

45

3i 

31 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3

3 

3 

»1 

3t 

31 

31 

31

31

31 

3J

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

3

Depth of 

well

Feet 

125

100 

75 

132 

125 

165 

170 

170

i

170 

170*

160 

164 

227 

220 

290 

280 

280 

240 

260

237 

185 

200 

230

250

260 

261

291 

240 

240 

220 

228 

220 

180 

315 

90

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feel 

290

300 1

305 

331

309 1

V

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

a- 1

-24

- 1 5 

Flows 

-55 

-38 

-50 

6 -30 

6 -30

-60 

50

-49

-45

-55 

-60

-30 

Flows 

-10

15

-20 

-55 

-15

-0 

-0

Flows 

..do

.do.. 

Flows 

.do.. 

..do., 

.do..

.do.. 

-30 

Flows 

-80

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

150-170 

150-170

240-280

251-261

Yield per minute

Flow

Balls

1

5 

7 5

4 

1 

4

Pump

Galls

C 42

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbeanng 

strata

*

Nacatoch. . 

. .do....

do....

do .. 

. .do. ....

. .do....

do....

do... . 

.. do... ..

.. .do....

. .do....

.do... ..

. .do...

.do. ..

. .do....

do......

do......

.do...... 

. ..do...... 

. ..do. .. .

.do....

do .....

do ...

do... ..

.do .. 

. .do. ..

do... 

.do ... .

.do.....

.do.....

do...... 

..do .. 

..do.... . 

..do....

. .do.. .

. .do....

...do.. . .

.do......

. .do.. ...

Quality

Hard . ..

Soft. . ..

'

....do.. .

.....do. ..

Remarks

In 1885 water was 17 feet 

from the surface

Group of 3 wells. . .... 

Also two 3-meh wells

164 feet to water rock. . 

Water level has lowered 

5 feet in ten years

Old Gibson mill well .... 

230 feet to water rock, 

gin well 

230 feet to water rock. .

Formerly a flowing well. 

.. .do ..... .

Formerly flowed at +5 

feet 

244 feet to water rock, 

formerly a flowing 

well

286 feet to water rock ... 

230 feet to water rock. . .

No.

573

574

575 

576 

577 

578 

578A 

579 

580

581 

582

583

584 

585 

586 

587 

588 

589 

590 

591

592 

593 

594 

595 

596 

597 

598

599

600 

601

602 

603 

604 

605 

606 

607 

608 

609 

610

6 Water lowers on pumping to 70 feet 

c Average ol each well
188 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

'

611 

612

613

614

- 615

616

017 

618

619 

620

*621

*622

623

624

*625

620

627

*628

628A

629

*630

631

632

*633

*634

*635

636

Location

NEVADA CUUNT1 

continued

Prescott... ... 

. .do..... ...

. . do..... . .

. do.. . 

Sutton . .

Verde .. .

do ...

..do ... 

..do.. . . . .

...do..... . .. 

.do. .. . ..

. .do..... . .

. .do . . .

.do ..

.do ...

Verde (Sutton)

.. .do ......

. .do...

OUACHITA COUNTY

[Bearden, 1 mile

[ cast of 

Bearden ' .

Camden (Frenchport)

Camden, 7 miles

southeast of

do ... . . ..

Camden....

Camden, 3 m 1 1 es

west of 

Eagle Mills'... .

Millvillo.. .. .

Onalaska.

Township

11 S . 

11 S .

11 S

US .

12 S

12 S

12 S. 

12 S

12 S 

12 S .

12 S

12 S .

12 S .

12 S .

12 S

12 S

12 S

......

14 S

14 S

14 S .

.

Range

23 W . 

23 W .

23 W.

23 W .

21 W

23 W .

23 W . 

23W-.

23W.. 

23 W..

23 W-.

23W-.

23 W

23 W .

22 W-.

22 W .

22W.

16 W .

16 W.

16W-.

. . . .

1

Section

11, NEJNE}. 

14, NEJSWi....

2J, NW}. . . .

23. .

34. . . .... . . .

27. .. . .

27. .. ... 

23,NEiSWi_. ..

23, SEJ NEJ . . .

13,SEi SEJ.. . .

24,SEJNEi .....

24,SEi SEi . .

25. ...

30, SW± SWJ . .

19SE*NWi

28,SWiNEJ . ..

21, SW} SWi ..

19,SEi_ . ...

... ...

Owner

M W Greeson. . 

Cole place . - -

Andy Crumby..

Artesian Church

Thos Wylie.. ..

Doctor Hamilton'

John Davis. . 

Liberty Church . .

Win Ilameric . . . 

John Crank. .....

Wm Hill .

Hamilton Bros. .

Rev M D Armstrong 

Dr A W Hamilton 

C W Hamilton..

W M Munn. . . .

P Easterlmg.....

[Cotton Belt Lum-

| ber Co 

.do.... .....

J D Wood. .. .

A H Patton.....

Geo T Goodwm.

Agee & Thompson 

John Work...

Freeman-S m 1 1 h

Lumber Co

[Onalaska Lumber

{ Co

Driller

G B Hipp. . 

do. . .

do...

J J Byers...

C D Hudson. . 

do ... .

do...

do...

. .do

do . . .

. . do . . ..

Hudson & Cor-

, nelins 

C D Hudson.

)

J P Clifford . .

J P Clifford.

JL B Clifford . .

Authority

G B Hipp.. . . 

do........ ...

..do ... ...

J C Lowdermilk .

Thos Wyhe

C D Hudson

do .. 

..do... .. .

.do. . . . 

do. .

. do. .

do .. .

.do... . . ..

. .do.... ... ...

.. do.... . . ...

.. -do... . . ...

. ..do... .. . ..

[Cotton Belt Lnm-

( ber Co 

do.. . . .

Geo T Goodwm,

county survey or

A II Patton. ..

Geo T Goodwm,

county surveyor

J P Clifford..

S

David D Owen/..

Freeman-S m 1 1 h

Lumber Co 

. . do... .. .. .

L B Clifford.....

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table 

a Very slight, would probably not lift more than a few inches 

6 In 1894 

c Height to which water rose in 1894, was flowing at +6 feet m 1903
SOUTHERN, ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. - . 189

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

1 ;

3

I J

3

4

2 

3-2

3-11 

3 

3

3

1 >

2 

2 

2

i :

Depth of 

well

Feet 

55 

72 

140 

120 

100 

100

428 

419 

303 

360 

380 

359 

390 

400 

419

474

570 

490

437

1,001 

55

225 

135 

86 

170 

Spring 

' 130 

470

J 161

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

2bfl 4 

269 5 

252 

260 4 

256 6 

262 5

292 

266

230 

230

90 

90 

90

205 

120

Height 

01

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

-15 

-30 

-40 

-20 

Flows 

do

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

I"-'

.. ......

 b 

+ 2 

Flows 

. do 

'Flows

+ 10 

c+17 

6 + 13

-17

-44

Flows

) «-50 

I -40

-34

420-428

515-570

300 312 

8,50-910

90-135 

150-170

153-170

Yield per minute

Flow

Qalls

h

4

li

.1

. ..

Pump

Qalls

200

Not 

any

.......

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Nacatoch. . . 

. ..do . ...

.do.....

. ..do.....

..do... ..

..do... .

...do. ..

..do.. .. 

.do...

. .. do...... 

. ..do . .

. ..do.... 

.. do .

. .. do . .

.do 

do...

. ..do . .

Cockfteld 

Sabme . . .

Quaternary 

cr Lafayette

Eocene. . . 

. ..do.. ..

. ..do ..

Qu aternary» 

Eocene . .

....do .....

Quality.

Soft. ....

Soft.. ... 

..do...

Mineral. 

Soft .. .

Bad. alkaline

Soft

Alum

.Remarks.

See Verde. -. ... . 

Cost $140, casing 30 feet

350 feet to water sock . . 

Cost $110, casing 40 feet. 

Cost $100, casing 45 feet

Cost $130, casing 30 feet 

Cost $100 ... ..

Incomplete in February, 1902

Well abandoned, drilled 

in 1898

5 wells in snrface gravel, 

dry in summer

Alwn loned .... 

Completed in 1885 .

Water in very fine 

quicksand 

Alum spring . .....

Water in gravel... . . 

Abandoned. ......

No.

611 

612 

613 

614

615 

616 

617 

618 

619 

020 

621 

622 

623

624

625 

626

627

j 028 

628A

629 

630 

631 

632 

633 

634 

635

636

1 d Flow has decreased 

i e Lowers on pumping to i50 feet

/Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p. 132
190 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

*637 

*638

*639

*640 

*641

642

642A

642B 

643

*b44

645 

646 

647 

648 

649 

*650 

*651 

652 

653 

654 

*655 

*656 

*657 

658 

659

660 

661

Location

OUACHITA COUNTY 

continued 

Ouachita River 

(Buffalo Flats; 

Ouachita Ei ver 

(Beech Hill )

[Ouachita Ei verl 

| (Newport Land-1 

I mg) J

(Ouachita Ei verl 

1 (Haidee Shoalsl j 

Ouachita River 

( Smacko ver 

Shoals) 

Syre, J mile north 

o(

PHILLIPS COUNTY

.do .. . . . 

..do ...

. do......

PIKE COUNTY

Bowen . 

. do . 

. . .do . .. . 

.do 

. .do.. .. . 

...do . 

. do . 

..do . . 

do .. 

..do.. ... . .

. do .. . 

.do. ... . . 

. ...do . . 

. .do .. . ... 

. . .do. .... .

. .do...... .

.....do......... .. 

*P<

OR 

6V 

cW

Township

2S-.

2S. . 

28. -

98. 

9S . 

9S 

98. 

OS. 

9S 

9S. - 

98. 

98. . 

98 

98 

98. 

98 

98. 

98.

98.

98.

>r addil 

jpt Chi 

iries wi 

ater-Si

Range

5E. .

5E. 

4E. .

23 W..

23 W 

23 W. 

23 W . 

23 W. 

23 W . 

23 W 

23W.. 

23 W 

23 W. 

23 W 

23 W.. 

23 W 

23 W.. 

23 W

23W..

23 W.

lonal da 

ef of En 

th heigl 

ip. and

Section

...

4,NEJSWi... ..

6,SWJSW}......

7,NEiSWl... ..

7, NWJSEJ. ... 

8, SEi SWi . . . 

8, NEJ . . . 

8, SEi NEi ... . 

8, NE| SEi. ... 

S.NWiSWi- . . 

12, NWJNWi-. 

15, NEi... . . 

17, SEiNWi . . 

17, SWi... 

17, NEJ NWi . 

18'... . .

18 e . .. .. .

18 e ... .

ta see "Descriptive 

g for 1902, pt 2, 190i 

t of river 

rr. Paper No 102, t

Owner

U S Eng. test 

boring 

. ..do. .... . ...

..do.. . .. ...

do.. .....

. .do.. . .. .

Arkansas Cotton 

Oil Co 

Helena Ice Co . . 

Helena Water Co.

G B Lee .....

Harry Johnson . 

Langley Brothers 

C C Tate .. . . 

Schoolhouse .... 

W H Ward . . 

.. .do . 

.do.. i. . 

Dr J R Rogers . 

East brothers 

Jack Wmgflcld . 

May heirs .... 

Hewitt Brothers .

Hewitt Bros & 

Broch 

Public well , 

Bowen 

John Tate

notes," following tl 

,pp 1568-1570

J S Geol Survey, 19

Driller

J B Dillon-.... .

.do. 

. do.. ... . . 

.do- . 

. . do . 

.do- . 

. . do... ... . . 

dodo... . ..

J B Dillon.. 

do .. .. 

-do . .. . . 

.. do. . .. .

do.. .. . 

do.. . . ..

.. do.. ... .... 

is table

D4, pp. 380-381.

Authority

M H Marshall a.. 

. ..do...... . . .

. ..do ... ....

.. do . 

.. do. .....

W B Howard, 

postmaster

Arkansas Cotton 

Oil Co 

A H Purdue < . 

. .do. . . ..

E W Hilgardf* .

J B Dillon. . . 

.. . do ... 

. do .. 

do ; .. 

do. . . . 

do . . 

do. .. .. . 

. do . 

. do. 

Capt T M East. 

J B Dillon .... 

. ..do.. ..... 

.do .... 

. .do.. 

. do .... .

. ...do.... . .. ..

.....do.... .......
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING BECORDS. 191

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

6

6 

8

4

4

4

4

4 

4 

4

4

4

4 

4

4

4

4 

4 

4

Depth of 

well

Feet 

71 9

15 2

1OT 55

50 00 

50 00 

15 06

35 14

54 53 

48 23 

33 14

Shallow. 

110

500 

543

236 8 

20b 4

236

134

148

155

194 

234 

254

300

198 

200 

390 

205

200

198

197 

212 

220

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet 

64 4

62 61

63 61

60 03 

54 88 

70 86

b3 61

49 57 

58 30 

56 9?

. ...

1 -

399 3

295

300

370 

383

396

334 

240 

379 

273

267

317 6

312 0 

325 

333 6

Height 

Of 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

1-15,

-30

-30

+ 0

+ 2

+ 0

-25 

-62 5 

-90?

-80

- 8 

Flows 

-90 

+ 2

Flows

+ 1

+ 2 

- 9

Depths of 

principal 

waterbeanng 

strata

Feet

'

95-100

148

15o

194 

234 

254

300

200 

390 

205

Yield per minute

Flow

Calls

Small

4

Small

4' 

3

Laige

i

.

Pump

Galls

-

10

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary.

Eocene .. . 

do.. .

Bmgen ....

do.. .

. do ...

. . do

do . 

do .. 

do . ..

do..

do

do . .

do .

. do... .

do . . 

. .do .

do

Quality

1

Salty, 

alum

Hard, alkaline.

Soft..... 

Very good

Hard....

Hard.....

Soft . ..

Soft ..

Remarks

0 9 mile above Newport 

Landing 

0 5 mile above Newport 

Landing

Near salt lick ...

(Test boring of Hissis- 

< sippi River Commis- 

( sion

. . . . .

Well abandoned

Completed in 1900

Supplies sawmill . .

Wellatgm . .. ... ..

No

637 

638

639

640 

641

642 

642A

642B 

643

I 644

645

646

647

648

649 

650 

651

652

653 

654 

655 

656

657

658

659 

660 

B61

iiept of Miss River Com 48th Cong , 1st sess , House Ex. Doc. No 37,1884, pp. 485-488. 

At Bowen post-office.
192 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF "LOUISIANA- .AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No.

662

663 

bb4

665

600

667 

60S

669

670

671

672

673

674 

675

C7b

677 

678

679

*C80

081

682 

683

*684

685

68b

 " 687

*088

*CS9

*690

091

*692

*693

*C94

*696

697

*698

Location

PIKE COUNTY continued

Bowen

.do... . 

. .do...

.do.. . . .

.do. ..

. .do ... . . 

. ..do........ ..

. ..do......

.. do.... .

do. .

do. ..

.. .do ... . ..

. .do.. ... 

.. .do... . .

. . do. ... ....

. .do ... . 

do. .... ...

..do . .

do.....

. .do

. ..do... 

do. ..

. .do ..

-do... . .

Brooktown

. .do ... . ...

Delight.... .

. do... ....

. .do .... ... ..

..do . .

do

Murf reesboro .

. do. .. .

..do ... 

Pike City ...

..do .. . .

Wolf Creek.... ..

Township

9S.

9S. 

9S.

93.

OS .

9S. 

9S.

9S.

9S

9S ..

98...

98.

9S. 

9S

98. .

9S. . 

9S..

9S.

9S .

9S.

9S. .

9 S.

ys..

9S.

ss. .

ss.

ss. .

ss .

88.

8S

8S .

SS.

78.

78

7S.

SS.

Range

23 W

23 W.. 

23W..

24W..

24 W

24 W 

24 W

24 W .

24 W..

24 W.

24 W

24 W

24 W 

24W..

24W..

24 W 

24W..

24 W.

24 W..

24 W.

24 W.. 

24 W

24 W .

24W..

24W..

23 W..

23W..

23W..

23W..

24W..

25 W.

25 W .

25 W. 

24W..

24 W.

24 W.

1 Section

18, NWi NEi - -

IS.NEJNEi . 

18, NEi SWi..

2,SEJSEi... ..

11. . . .

11, NEi NEi .- 

12, SWiNWi....

12, NWi SWi..

12, SWiSEJ. . .

12, SEJ SEi

.. do.. . .

13, NEi NEi

13, SEi NEi.... 

13, SWi NEi....

13, NWi SEi

13, SEi NEi.. 

13, NEi SEi..

. do .

..do. ...

13, SWi NEi

13, NWi NEi.. 

13, NEi NWi -

13, NEi SWi

14, NEi NEi

09

09

31, NWi NWi...

31, SWiNWi. .

36, SEi SEi.

20 . .

33.. . .. .

28. . ... .

29. ..

10, SEi NWi . .

Owner

Johnson heirs . . .

:do... 

. .do. . . .

Eobt Langley

C K Garner..

McLaughlm heirs. 

Mt Pisgah Church

W M Jones . . ...

J B Eoundtree

. ..do .... ..

. .do. .

J M A very. .

J B Dillon..... 

Jas McLaughlm

John Hendnx . .

C.Harris. 

John Harrib. . .

Jack Wingheld . .

.do. . .

W H Brown.

C Harris... . 

Thos Garner... .

B M Lmville...

Burl Williams.. .

General. . ...

. .do.

E A F Key....

. . .do. .. . . .

J P Copeland,jr

J P Copeland.. .

Mrs Buckner ..

M M Manney . . .

General

General Royston 

Pike City . . . .

Pike City Lumber

Co 

Oil company .

Driller

J B Dillon. . .

do . . 

.. -do ... .

. ..do.... ..

. .do...

.. do ... 

. .do.... .

. ..do.. . .

.do .

do .

.. do .

. ..do ... ..

. ..do.. '. . 

do

. .do . .

, .do.. 

..do....

. do . .

. .do . . . .. .

.do.

do 

..do ...

. .do ...

. .do.....

J B Dillon ..

J B Dillon ..

.. .do ... .. .

. .do .. .

Authority

J B Dillon.. .

. .do . 

.. .do.. . .

.. .do.... . . .

. .do ...

.. .do.. . .. 

.....do.... . . .

. . do. .

. do ..

.. .do .

. .do.. . . .

. .do.. . .

. .do. .. . . 

do. ..

. . .do....

do .. . . 

. .do.. . . .

do .. ......

. .do.... .. .. .

.....do.... . . .

...do.... . ... 

. do .. ......

. .do. .

. .do.... . .

Postmaster . ...

J B Dillon ....

P J Gault, superintendent 

.. do. ......

J B Dillon .... .

.do... . .

..do.... .

M M Manney.

W M Gould...

David Dale Owen/ 

J H Purcell.... .

do ..... .. .

Win Gravson ....

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table

a Original head

6 Well has caved and this water level probably does not represent the true water head Irom the Bmgen sand

c Curb very imperfect and water escape*, into the surface gravels
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS.

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

193

Diameter of 

well

Inches

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4 

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4 

4

4

4

4

4

12-8

48

4

4

4

48

8

8

Depth of 

well

Feet

210

204

162

80

86

100

94

96

220

210

187 

215 

210

214

202

220

180

191

143

205 

160

146

150

130

20-30

195

32

70

110

80

50 

25 

Spring

150

200 

1,400

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

340

33j

277

324

333 3

316

316

394 5

380

375 

371

367

343

367

328

341

296

361 

315

315

282

302

350

350

425

435

369

675

650 

450

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

- 30

Flows

+ 0

Flows

- 5

+ 2

a+ 6

t>- 38

- 40

Flows 

- bO 

- 60

- 40 .

- 17

- 50

- 1

- 18

+ 2j

- 30 

+ 0

Flows

Flows

Flows

«- 6

- 15

- 64

- 95

- 84'

- 10

- 25

- 4

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

.

150

302

27-32

70

110

10-14

- ... .

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

Small

1J

1

Small

>

12

Small

i

10 ±

Small c

Pump

Gall*

Geologic 

horizon 

ol waterbean ng 

strata

Bmgen

. do

.do .

.do

.do . ..

do.. .

. do

do .

.do

do..

. do. 

do 

do

do..

do

.do

. do.

.do .

.do. ...

.do.

. do..

. do

do

do

Bingen? '

do

Bingen .

 do . .

.. do .

Lafayette ' 

do . 

. do .

. .

Quality

Soft

nmd .

do...

Soft, chalybeate

Soft. .

Soft .

Hard ..

do

.. do. . 

do 

Saline, chalybeate

Remarks

... . ...

Surface beds 48 feet

thick

Surface lieds 30 feet

thick

Stn face beds 56 feet

thick

Sui face beds 12 feet

thick

Rather gin well .

..... . .

Unsuccessful well for oil.

No.

6fi2

663

664

665

666

667

068

669

670

671

672 

673 

674

675

676

677

678

679

680

681 

682

fi83

684

685

686

687

688

689

690

691

692

693 

694 

695

696

697 

69?

"At station

« Formerly a flowing well

/Second Report of a Geological Reconnaisanee of Arkansas, 1860, p 125
194 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No.

*699

700

701

702

703

*704

*705

*706

707

*708

709

710

711

712

*713 

714 

715

716 

*717

718 

*719

720

*722

*723

Location.

POINSETT COUNTY.

side of ridge) .

side oj ridge) .

POLK COUNTY.

.....do.............

POPE COUNTY.

PULASKI COUNTY.

ST. FRANCIS COUNTY.

SEVIER COUNTY.

.....do............. 

.-...do............. 

.....do.............

.....do............. 

..-..do.............

..-..do............. 

.....do............. 

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

Township.

10 s..

10 s.. 

10 s..

in Q

ios.. 

us..

us., 

us..

us..

11 Q

us..

us..

Range.

29 W .

29 W.. 

29 W.. 

SOW..

SOW.. 

29 W..

29 W-. 

29 W..

29 W..

29 W

29 W

29 W..

Section.

-

11.................

22? ............... 

33, NWiNWJ....

35? ...............

35? ........'....... 

5, NEJ.. .........

7, NEJ........... 

7, NWiNEJ......

7.SWJNEJ......

7,SWJSEJ.......

8, NWJ. ..........

8, NWiNEi......

Owner.

ber Co. 

.....do. ...........

Southern Kwy. 

JNewYorkandAr-

[ kansas Oil Co.

Mountain and 

Southern Ewy.

Mountain and 

Southern Kwy. 

.....do............

.....do............

Keuben Murphy . .

T.M. Beck. .......

D. A. Brooks.... . - 

.....do. ..........

H. P. Hasihp......

W. I. Beek........

Driller.

C. H. Winters .....

.....do...... .....

.....do............

.....do............

JM. P. Oliver......

C.H. Winters.....

J. P. Clifford......

1 

.....do............

D. E. Cornelius...

.....do............ 

.....do............ 

.....do...... .....

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

Authority.

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

glneer.

neer, bridges and 

buildings.

neer, bridges and 

buildings.

neer. 

C.H. Winters.....

.....do............

David Dale Owenb 

S. H. Meredith. . . . 

.....do............

.....do............ 

-....do............

.....do............ 

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table.

a Varies with river. Lowers 4 feet when pumping 300,000 gallons per day.
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPRING- RECORDS.

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SO UTHERN) Continued

195

,

Diameter of 

well

Inches

2

2

10

-

12-10

10

I 6

8

-

1 6

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

g

3

Depth of 

well

Feet

J 30-35

1 250-300

300

290

140

700

1,615

1,006

308

87

65

66

140

120

465

465

Shallow

do .

300

on OU

130

300

360

"ISfi 1OU

180

216

400

540

Approximate elevation of 

sui face

Feet

.. .

330

I" '-

268

? 250

257

J

325

300+

410

385 !

285

285

285

325

440

Height

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the

ground

Feet

- 16

- 60

J - 20 

1 -100

- 19

- 37

(")

- 27

Flows.

No flow

.

-100

_ -

Flows

- 96

- 60

+ 30

Flows

.do..

- 6

-125

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

leet

300

290

140

1 '

50

....

300-360

140-180

| 100 

I 180

160-216

330-540

Yield per minute

Flow

Qallt

- -

,

".

_ 5

4

Pump

Galls

- - --

40

110

f 200

1 -

. . .

.

Geologic 

horizon . 

of waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary

Eocene

do .

.. do

Quaternary

do. ..

do.

Eocene....

. .do.....

- .. do

Bingen . . .

do .

.do .

do ..

.do

. .do

Bingen . . .

. .do....

. .do .

Quality

- 

Soft.....

Soft.. ..

Hard. ..

.do..

.. do...

Soft......

. .do....

3

Brine . .

.. do .

.

Soft .

. do..

do..

Hard .. . 

Soft . .

do. ..

Remarks

... .. ..

Sunk in 1896 .... . . .

Casing, 37 feet ... .....

1 Water from gravel bed

f on bed rock

Bed rock at 66 feet . .

At mill Water below

black clay

Old salt works .

do .. . .

Casing, 18 feet .... - -

1 - --

Gravel at 400 feet, casing, 20 feet

Gravel at 540 feet, casing, 20 feet.

No

699

700

701

702

703

704

705

706

707

708

709

710

711

7U

713

714

715

716

717

718

719

720

721

722

723

& Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, I860, p 115.
196 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells, and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

724

725

720

727

728

729

730

731

732

733

734

735

736

737

*738

739

740

741

742

743

744

*745

* 74,'iA

745B

*746

746A

740B

*747

Location

SEVIEB COUNTY 

continued 

Ben Lomond

(Browns Creek)

... do .

.do ..

Ben Lomon"d . . .

. ..do. . .

do ..

. .-do. . . .

do

. .do. . .

do.

. ..do.....

Brownstown .

. .do ....

. ..do... .

. ..do... . . .

do

do . .

Chapel Hill .

Lockesburg, 4 miles

south of 

MUford .

Paraclifta .

Ultima Thule

UNION COUNTY

Blanchard Springs

. .do.

El Dorado, southwest of

El Doiado.

. .do. .

Ouachita River

(Franklin Shoals)

Town 

ship

US.

1 11 1 OC! 

us

us

us

11 S

us

us

us

us .

us.

us .

us.

11 S

us

us

10 S

8S

in 111 QO.

.

Range

29 W

29 W .

29 W.

29 ff .

27 W.

27 W .

30 W.

SOW .

30 W-.

SOW

30 W--

29 W -

29 W.

29 W

29 W

29 W

29 W

32 W .

29 W

3

i

Section

9, NEJNWJ .. .

16, NWi NW'_..

16, SEJNWJ...

17, SEJ SEJ .

17, NWiNWJ - .

18, NWJ NE}

1, NEJSEi. .

1, SEJSEJ

1, SE^NWi

2

2> ... . . .

11. . .

23? " . .

24. . ...

24. . .. . .

10? . \ . .

10? .

20' . ..

...

. ...

Owner

W C Sutton.. .

Mrs Walkei - . -

P S Kinsworthy

John Toland .

W I Beck.. .

do .

Mrs Sarah Rhyme

T M Beck.. . .

. do .

W E Walker . .

W C Hopson . ^

J E Smith.. .

do

Capt D B Coulter

do ......

Abel Ryan.

E V Matey.

Salt springs

J n Sharpe. . ..

General .

"Graham Salt

Works "

k

. . -

N Bussey.

Arkansas and

Texas Consolidated Ice Co

El Dorado Cotton

Oil Co

U S Eng tost

boring

Driller

S E Meredith. .

:

S R Meredith ..

.do. . .

.do

..do ....

S R Meredith

.. .do . . .

. .do. . .

D E Shuptme.

S E Meredith. .

.

. .. ...

A M Milton .

Cook Well Co

Authority

S E Meredith

. do ...

do .. .

do.. . . ..

.do . .

do . .

. .do

.do... . .

do

do.. . .

. do

do .. ...

do . .

do.... .

John C Branner b

D E Shuptlne

S E Meredith. .

D F Shall c . .

. . .

Postmaster . . . .

David Dale Owend

J K Eamsey

A C Peale '

David Dale Owen/

A M Milton .

. . do . . . .

M H Marshall a

* F.or additional data see " Dcscnptlve notes," following this table 

a In river bottom south of Brownstown, 1 mile above White Cliffs 

6 Trans Am Inst Mm Eng , vol 27,1898, p 51 

cColton's map of Arkansas, 1857
SOUTHEKN ARKANSAS WE.LL AND SPRING REQOKDS.

Louisiana, and adjacent portwns of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(SOUTHERN)-^Contmued

197

Diameter of 

well

Inches

3

3 

3

3 

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

6

8

Depth of 

well

Feet

160

128 

135

100+ 

132 

102

ISO

114

90

80

80

530

400

330

f 225 

I 150

200

Spring

200 

28

43 

Spring

. ..do...

142

150

| 50 

1 50

Approximate eleVation of 

surface

Feet

290

290 

285

285 

285 

' 285

285

285

285

285

285

400+

280

- -- 

- - -

. .. .

200

--

54 82 

55 64

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

Flows

..do 

.do..

..do . 

.do.. 

.. do

+ 25

Flows.

. do

.do..

. do

-100

Flows

- 00

-125 

- 10

- 30

. .

Flows

- -

18 

, .

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

- -

140-162

120-150

114

. .

...

j 300 

1 400-500

300-400

300-330

! 

| 120 

I 200

....

130

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

.

 -

t

, .

30

Pump

Oalls

Small. 

Large.

.

.

None

42

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

Bingen .

do 

.do

do 

do . 

. do

do

.do.

. do

do . .

do. .

-

Eocene 

do..

Eocene . 

. .do...

Quality ,

Soft . 

do

do 

do .

Soft

Hard . . 

Soft

--

Hard 

Soft .

Brine

Soft . 

Brine

Saline, 

sulphuretted 

Saline, 

chalybeate

Soft, 11 o'u .

Remarks

Casing, fiO feet ...

.... .. ..

.

Flow has increased .

2 wells. . . . .

Gravel at 400 feet .

)..... .. ...

Abandoned .

Considei able difficulty 

in obtaining water 

See under Ben Lomond

.... ........ . .

No

724

725 

726

727 

728 

729

730

731

732

733

734

735

736

737

738 

739

740

741

742 

743

744 

745

745A 

745B

746

746A

746B 

747

< uu iJU u^t I

& Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 112

e Bull U S Geol Survey No 32, 1886, p 119 '' '

/Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 136

g Fifty-seventh Cong , flrst sess , House Doc No. 448, 1902, Rept. Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2,1902, pp 1568-1570.
198 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

ARKANSAS

No

*748

*751

*752

753

754

*755

Location

UNION COUNTY 

continued 

(Ouachita River

[ (Jacks Island)

(Per igee the 

Shoals)

(Marie Saline 

Landing) 

(ouachita River

i (Rowland Bait)

(Y e r r i e k s 

Slough)

southeast of

WHITE COUNTY

Township

1 }---

}--

Range Section Owner

JU S Eng test

I boring.

do.. . - .

.do ...

.do....

Summit Lumber

Co 

. .do.. ....

Mountain and 

Southern Rwy

\

Driller

I

'

Well Co 

C H Winters

Authority

M H Marshall .

. do ...

.do. ...

- ..do. .. ......

. ..do .... .. .

worth, postmaster

LOUIS TANA

756

757

*758

*769

760

761

762

*762A

7«VJ

764

AVOYELLES PARISH

Bunkie .. . .

.. .do .... .

... .do ...... ... .

. ..do ..... .. .

. ..do ... . .. ..

Bunkie, 1 mile west

of

Cottonport . . .

Eggbend ......

Mansura . . .....

... .do ........ ...

IS ..

1 S.

IS. .

IS. .

1 S.

1 S .

1 S. .

IN.

IN..

3E .

3E...

3E-.

3E-.

3E...

3E..

4E. .

4E..

4E...

....

. . . . .....

General . .

Bunkie Compress

and Warehouse

Co

Union Oil Co

Bunkie Ice and

Bottling Co

(

Texas and Pacific 

Rwy

 Sentell ....

Lemoine Brothers

T L. Grimes . . .

Emil Regard.....

Regard cotton gm

).. ... . . .... ..

L B Hart Well

Co.

..do.. . ...

L B. Hart Well

Co.

Postmaster. ....

Bunkic Compress

and Warehouse

Co

Union Oil Co. ...

C J Pope, president

[G W Keibcr, 

[ pumpman

L B Hart Well

Co

. .do... . . ..

T L Grimes .. .

Erml Regard . .

L B Hart Well

Co.

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table
SOUTHERN ARKANSAS WELL AND SPUING RECORDS. 199

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(SOUTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

Depth of 

well

Feet 

I 202 5

50 

I 30 52

50 

35 4

| 68 9 

1 50 

32 8

100 

200

62 5

Approximate elevation of 

surface

* 

Feel 

50 03 

57 54 

53 22 

52 26

46 56

51 08 

IS 55 

58 7

-20

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

II----

-10

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

. .. . .

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

Pump

Galls

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

... do......

Qu a ternary.

Quality. Remarks.

-

No.

748 

749

750

751

752

753

754

755

(NORTHERN)

4

4

[ *

I 4

6

180

158

142

90 

135

135

35-CO

' 110

135

65

(...,. .

- 10

- 8

- 16

- 13

- 10

- 32

115-140

*

66

50

100

140

.. do.... .

.....do.. . .

.. .do. ..

.. do.. . .

do.. . .

. do.. ..

... do......

Hard, alkaline

Hard... .

...do....

. ..do....

Alkaline,

magnesia

2 wells...... .

756

757

 7CQ

759

760

761

762

762A

763

764

1393 No 46 0(i 15
200 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OK LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No.

*765 

*766

*767

*768 

768A

*769

*770 

*771

*772

773

*774 

775

*"776

777

*778

779

780

781

*782

*783

Lpcation

AVOYELLES PARISH 

continued

Marksvillc 

do

. do .....

BIENVILLE PARISH

Arcadia....... ...... 

.. .do . . ... ... ...

.do.. ........

Jamestown . ..... 

Kings Salt Works .

Rayhurns Salt Works

BOSSIER PARISH

Alden Bridge... . .

.. .do . . ..... .. 

Allentown. . . . ...

Antrim. ... ...

Arkana. ...

Benton . . . . . . ,

Benton, 1 mile north

of 

Benton . ^ .

Benton, 4 miles east

of

Bohnger . ......

(Bossier City, 3 miles

1 north of

Township

2N. 

2N..

2N

18 N.

1 O T\T 1O IN

\

18 N

15 N. 

15 N

15 N.

20N

20 N. 

18 N

22N

20N.

an -VT ZO IN .

I'

Range

4B... 

4 E . . .

4B...

5W... 

5W...

5W..

8W. . 

8W. .

5W...

13 W .

13 W.. 

11 W.

13 W..

1 lo ^ W W .

13 \V..

Section

19

34-35

34. .

34«..

34 e. 

11 '..

27 e.

30«..

34 ...

Owner

\

r

atchez and Marksville Oil Co

General . .......

Corporation... ....

fVieksburg, Shreve- 

\ port and Pacific 

I Rwy

Levy Compress Co. . .

Dr J C Christian . .

..John Gigleux... . . 

H P Wardlaw .. .

A G Whitlow... . .

Whited& Wheless..

. . do. ... . .... 

Alien Brothers &

Wadley 

Antrim Lumber Co

Tngg Lumber Co.....

W H Smith & Son..

Lone Star Mill ....

. ..do.. . . ...

Hanks Sawmill. . .

S H BoJnger & Co -

Cash Plantation . .

Driller.

Iw B Sturin .. ..

Andrews Well Co

[Andrews Well Co .. 

Will A Strong . .

John Gigleux

JL B Clifford Well 

1 Co

.....do ... . . ..

L B Clifford Well

Co 

do ...

J P Clifford.. ..

. ..do.... . ..

. ..do........ ..

. . do . . . ....

[L B Clifford Well

[ Co 

A L Pullm ......

Authority

A W Meyers, foreman 

C P Couvilhon .....

. . do.. .. >

fH P Touzet, foreman 

? for Andrews Well 

I Co

Will A Strong.......

Dr O Lerchfc..

John Gigleux . . ... 

A C Veatchc... .. .

A C Veatehd. . . .

p B Clifford.. .. .

. . do.. .. ... ..... 

Alien Brothers &

Wadley 

Thos A Antrim,

president 

L B Clifford.... ..

W H Smith... .

J P Clifford.... .. .

... do..... ... . .

.do.. . ....

A L Pullm..... . ..

* For additional data see "Descnptlve notes,' v following this table 

»See note

* Oeology and Agriculture of Louisiana, pt 1,1892, pp 46-47. 

c Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept. ol 1902, pp. 76-80.
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 201

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

16

6-4

8-6

5-3J

.

2

f 3'

1 30

4

6

5

5

3

21

3

3

25

1 3

4

I 4

3

Depth of 

well

Feel

1,282

40-150

"290

540

535

145

1*

10-20

10-20

286

233

110

300

110

350

196

140

170

235

235

315

330

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

85

82

363

370

2J5

160

160

209

211

255

215

215

215

215

j

j. 309

)

177

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

- 42

-130

-136

- 2

- 30

 9

- 6

9-20

«0

- 8

- 40

-35

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

42-132

243-259

[ 452-523

40-45 

65

40

150-165 

416-465

5J5-540?

435

142

I' 

f 140-160

J

I 260-286

J 120-140 

{ 230-23J

160-2OT

162-235

50-130

155-160 

180-185

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

 - 

1...

J15-330 i]

Pump

Galls

40

Small 

Large

100

53

42

125

Large

Large

Large

20

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary

' Quaternary

Sabme. . .

....do . .-

Sabme.

Nacatoch .

. .do. . ..

Sabuie

. .do. .

.do. . 

.do ..

.do . .

. rto .

Sabme .

.do . .

.do ..

.do .

. .do....

Quaternary

Sabme.

Quality

Hard....

Hard

Brackish

Hard.

Soft.

Hard. ..

Brine . .

Strongly

alkaline

Good / .

Good/

Soft

. do...

Soft . . .

Soft .....

.do ..

Hard .

do .. 

Bad ....

Good.....

Remarks

_

.. .. .

Public well, used for

stock

(Supplies water tank, 

pumped with air lift

Casing and strainer, 480

feet

Mineral well..

(Salt manufactured from

1 1840 to 1865

Salt manufactured from

1840 to 1877

In red sand . . . . ...

In gray sand . ....

In gray sand.. .... .

Used for boilers in sawmill

Fmp for boilers and

drinking

Completed in 1896 ..

Completed in 1899..

Water above a bed of

lignite

[Used for mill and drmk-

{ ing, temperature, 64°

1 F

Completed in 1898, 

casing, 120 feet.

No.

765

766

767

\ 768

768A

769

770

1 -

772

773

| 774

775-

776

777

778

779

780

781

1

\ 782

J

| 783

dQp pit , pp 71-75

«In town

/Also reported "a little hard '

9 Flowed for a short tune.
202 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

*784

* 78S

*786

787

* 788

7SQ toy

790

791 

792

793

794

*79S

*796

*797

7Q8

*799

*800

* 801

*802

*803

Location

BOSSIER P \RISH 

continued

Bossier City, 2£ imles

north of 

Bossier City . . .

. .do .

Bossier City, S mries

southeast of

[Collmsburg, 8 miles

1 south of 

Curtis ....

Curtis Station. ....

Foster Station. 

Foster Station, 1 mile

north of

Haughton...

Poole . .... . 

Red River Valley.. .

CADDO PARISH

Belcher . . ...

do. . . . .

[Belcher,3 miles north- 

[ east of

Blanchard . .

Dixie . ...

Dixie, 2| miles east of

Dixie, 3 miles southwest of

Furrh. .

Missionary . .

Township

 21 N

17 N

17 N.

18 N. 

18 N

18 N.

15 N

20 N.

20 N

J21 N

18 N

20N

20 N.

19 N

23 N

Range

14 W.

13 W.

13 W..

13 W 

13 W

11 W

11 W.

14 W..

14 \V.

14 W..

15 W.

14 W

14 W..

15 W

14 W.

Section

5. .

B . .

34 ..

3.

29 . .

26 .

2.

4

Owner

Benj Gray ...

Shreveport Cotton

Oil Co

Hamilton Oil Mill Co

J H Fullilove

Will Sentell. .. .

A Curtis. . ..... .

.. ..do.... ....

J F Foster... 

J M Foster Planting

Co.

R L McAnn ... .

Connell, Moss & Co 

General . .. ....

Glassell Brothers

John Qlus&cll..

Colonel Swan. . .

R T Coal & Son

M A &J D Dickson

John Sentell.. ... .

Glassell & Adger.

Furrh & Co....

W B Means ....

Driller

A L Pullm... .

Stoer & Backus... .

. . .do. .... . ....

Stoer & Backus .

. .do . .... .. 

A L Pullm... ....

A L Pullm

. . do . . .

. do. . ..

. do. .. ..

A L Pullm.... .

. do. . ".....

.do . ...

Stoer & Backus. . . .

Authority.

A L Pullm..... . ..

Stoer & Backus . .

1 

J H Fullilove. . .

A Curtis.... . ..

J F Foster ..... . 

J M Foster Planting

Co

Stoer & Backus

. do.... . 

A L Pullm.. . ...

A L Pullm ...

. do. ... .. . .

..do ..

R T Coal. . .

A L Pullm.. ..

E M Adger.. .

A L Pullm . ...

Stoer & Backus ... .

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table

a Flowed for a short tune

6 Water lowered on pumping to 30 feet below the surface
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 203

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches '21

4

6-4

21-1

21

2}

3 

3

21-11

3-2

21

21

3

2^-11

1 3 I 3

3

3-2

Depth of 

well

Feet 

330

600

195

210

600

197

200±

210 

215

250

300'

260

225

240

185

371

391 

182 

425

750

290

Approximate elevation ot 

surface

Feet 

175

170

170

164

195

174

170 ±

167 

1C7

230

186 5

187 5

193

227

182

| 183 

175

205

Height 

ot 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet 

o-28

6-30

6-12

c-12

-15

-15

d-14 

-10

-12

- 8

- 4

-16

-12

-16

e+0 4

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet 

300-3.il)

225-235

147-159

172-210

' 30-120- 

232-240-

197

200-210 

200-250

105-111

245-200

213-225

1 30-125 

[ 230-240

.

219-225

170-182 

425

f 152-158 

{ 262-270

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

 

..

} ' 

Pump

Galls 

10

' " ."

10

- --

20 

20

- -

Large

Large 

do

. .

16 

Large

50

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Sabine. . .

. ..do.....

.. . do ..

..do.....

Quaternary 

Sabine . ..

. .do ..

1

Sabine. . 

. do ... .

do .

Sabine. .

do.....

Pleistocene 

Sabme.... .

.do....

.do ....

-do . .

Sabine .. .

Quality

Slightly

hard

Hard

Iron, alkaline

Hard. 

Soft. .. .

Soft, alkaline

Pool .

Hard. ... 

Soft .. .

.do....

...

Soft . ..

.do ...

Hard 

Soft. ...

Soft, fine

Soft . .

(Soft, 

| bi ackish 

Hard,

salty

Soft....

t

Remarks.

* 

Completed in 1898,

casing, 80 feet

No water below 235 feet.

Screen placed from 147

to 159 feet, end of casing at 169 feet

Temperature, G6° F .

Well at Lake Point on 

. 

Red River

Temperature, 66° F ,

casing, 100 feet

... .

Casing, 150 feet .... 

Casing, 140 feet ......

l}-mch screen from 200

to 250 feet, completed

in 1890 

Screen placed 105-111 

feet

See No 804

Casing, 3 inches, 0-160

feet, 2 inches, 160-

220

Temperature, 66° F ,

casing, 100 feet

1 Gravel at 125 feet, Cresf cent place

Casing, 100 leet

No water below 225 feet

1- - 

Abandoned.. ..

Dry hole, abandoned .

Completed in 1900. ....

No.

784

785

786

787

[ 788

789

790

791 

792

793

794

795

796

| 797

798

799

800 

801

802

803

e Lowers on pumping to 24 feet

d Depth to water in 1898 was 6 feet

e Sept. 20,1902 In 1900 water would rise 2 leet
204 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBGKOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND AEKANSAft.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

*804

*805

*80C

*807

*808

809

810

811

*812

813

814

815

816

*817

818

819

Location

CADDO PARISH continued

Rod River Valley ..

Robson . .

) Shrcveport (Market

street and Cross

Bayou)

Shreveport (Louisiana avenue and

Cross Bayou)

Shreveport (Spring^

between Texas and

Milam streets)

Shreveport (Market

and Cypress streets)

Shreveport (Edwards

and Cypress streets)

(Shrev£port (Marshall 

 j and Crockctt 

I streets)

fShrcvcport (Milam

J and Louisiana

( streets)

do

ShrevPijort (Louisiana and Donavan

streets)

Shreveport (Louisiana and Howell

streets)

(Shreveport (Louisiana and Lake

[ streets)

[Shrevport (Commerce and Battle

[ streets)

Shreveport (Texas

and Tryon streets)

Shreveport (Texas

streef)

Township

16 N

,

I " "

'

-

..

Range

12 W.

Section

18

Owner

General

Captain Rob&on .

Shreveport Ice Co ...

Shreveport waterworks

Henry Rose . ...

Shreveport Street

Railway

Shreveport Gas, Electric Light and

Power Co

[Shreveport Athletic 

[ Association

The Inn ..

Aloe Simpson

Andrew Curne.

Queen City laundry .

Star bottling works .

City Ice Co

Chas Stoer . . .

C C MeCloud.

Driller

A I, Pullm.. .

do . .

American Well

Works Co

A L Pullm

Stoor &. Backus .

 Stoer & Backus. . .

do. . .

llO.

Stoer & Backus .

do.... ...... .

.do .

- ..do.. ........ .

- -do.. ...... .

Authoi ity

A L Pullino ...*. ..

do ....

I

TF Collmb, chief engi1 neer

IT F Juengst, C E

.

Stoer & Backus

L M Levison . .

Engineer ....

Chas Stoer . . .

do . . .

- do . .

John Spwell, proprietor i

Chas Stoer. .

 Alexander, manager

Chas Stoer. .

.do.... ...... ...

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes " following this table 

o Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept for 1899, 190U, pp 179-181 

' Depth also given, 105-175 v
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AWD SPRING RECORDS. 205

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

4 

4

1 f Al 6

1 4

6-4i

4

. 4

6-4

4-2J

«1

3 

3-11

f ^ 

I 6-4

21 

21

Depth of 

well

Feet

225 

996

!

b250

244-

280 

120

350±

338

324

335

Springs

150± 

137+

150 

180 

290 

350±

220

Approximate elevation o[ 

surface

Feet

155 

171

171

194

185 

185

185

182

190

195

177 

185

182 

182 

182 

215

Height 

ot 

\v atf r 

above 

(+) or 

bolow 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

-10

j-20 

1+15

-30

-43

-18

-40

-24

-32

- 4 5 

-30

-18 

-20

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

79-100

225

200± 

961-990

20l)±

218-228

120

f 106 

| 150

I '

f 99-109 

148-163

! 94-105 

125-130

f "'

140-150

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

}....

1-

f

±50

I'"

Pump

Galls

Largo 

...do..

c25

<*70

20

30±

30

Large . 

.do ..

'7 

9 

7

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

otrata

Pleistocene .

Sabme. . . 

. ..do....

Naeatoch .

Sabmo... .

....do...

. ..do.. 

. ..do.. ...

. ..do.....

..do.....

....do. ..

. ..do ... .

......

. ...do....

....do.....

Quality

Hard, alkaline, 

iron 

[Soft,mag1 nesia

Brine ....

Soft... ..

. .do....

.. .do. .. 

.....do..

Slightly 

hard

(Alkaline, 

soft

Soft....

Soft. .....

.. ..do...

....do....

. ..do....

Remarks

IWithgas, temperature, 

| 84 °F

{

Water used in making 

ice, temperature, 70° ±

F

City supply from filtered

surface water 

Temperature, 66° F . . .

Good for boiler purposes

fCasmg, 6-ineh, 0 to 96 

J feet, 4-inch, 96 to 150 

[ feet, screen, 20 feet

(Pumps sand if pumped 

[ hard

{

Casing, 4-inch, 0 to 83 

feet, 21-moli, 33 to 157 

feet, used for laundry

Used largely for drinking water in Shreveport 

Used for laundry in 1898

{

Casing and screen, 137 

feet, temperature, 68° 

F

Water scales badly. ... .

No.

804

805

806

807

808 

809

810

I 811

1 812

\ 813

814

815 

I 816

817 

818 

819

c Each well

d Test November 1809

e With air hit, driller reports 24 gallons each with deep-well pump
206 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No.

820

R91 oZi

OO9 OZji

823

824

825

826

827

828

*829

880

831

*832

*834

*83S

836

*837

*838

839

*840

Location

CADDO PARISH POntmued 

[Shrcvoport (M , K &

T and T & P eross1 mg)

Shre\eport Junction

. .do. .

[Shreveport (H i g h

[ Houso addition)

Shreveport . . . . . .....

fsnrevoport (Olive 

I street)

. .do.. .. ...

Shreveport (9- M 1 1 c

House)

Shreveport, 2J miles

southeast of, on

Gng°bys Island

rShreveport, 3 miles

J southeast of, on

I Shreves Island

Shreveport, 4 miles

southeast of, on

Harts Island

Shreveport, 8 miles

southeast of, on

Dogwood Place

Shreveport, in miles

southeast of, on

Dayou Pierre

Surrey .. . ...

Dm ... ..

Uni, 1 mile west of. ...

CALDWEIL PAKISH

Blankston. .. .

Clarks. ...

. . do. ........

. . do. ... .. . . .

Township

~

--

17 N.

17 N.

17 N

17 N

..

28 N

20 N.

21 N.

14 N

12 N

12 N

12 N

Bnngo

...

13 W..

13 W

13 W.

13 W.

tew.

14 W..

14 W.

3E

3E..

3E..

3E..

Section

'

*

1

8. ..

Owner.

Shreveport Ice Co ...

[Texas and Pacific

I Bwy

Stave factory ....

R. E Bell. . . .. .

T C Backus. .. .

Claiborne Foster . .

J M Foster..

S B Niehols. ..

Ardis & Co. . . ... .

Aug Mayer..... .

Andrew Querbes .

K. K Colquitt

A H Leonard . . -

Uni Plantation- .

W S Taylor....

U S Eng test boring

Clark Spur Lumber Co

.do.... .... ..

. .do . .. . ... .

Driller

fA L Pullm .

[Stoer & Backus....

American Well

Works Co

Stoer & Backus. .

. -do. ..

fChas Stoer. . . . 

;A L Pullm. ... .

|. ..do. . . ... .

[Chas Stoer.

Richter & Pullm. .

Stoer & Backus.. .

. . do .. .

A L Pullm .. .

. .do. .... ....

N

Oscar Shanks. .....

..do.... .

. .do......

Authority.

A L Pullm.. . ..

Chas Stoer... .

Chas Stoer.... .....

. ..do ......

...do .. . .

.. do 

A L Pullm.... . ..

do .

Chas Stoer . . ....

.do... ...

U H Brown, agent .

-'

Aug Mayer .. .. ..

Chas Stoer. . ...

..do .... . .

Stopr & Backus .

A C Veatchd..... ..

A L Pullm ......

. ..do.... . .....

M H Marshall' .. .

Oscar Shanks ..... . .

. ..do.... . .... . .

.. .do.... . ..... .

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table 

"Estimated by engineer 75 gallons 

' Slight smell of hydrogen sulphide
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 207

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diametpr of 

well

Inches

6-4J 

6-4i

7

21-11

21-11 

25 

21

2i

21

25

21

21

2i-li 

21-11 

21-11

Depth of 

well

Feet

237 

338

561 

1 180

225

103+ 

160 

245

225 

180 

197

210

201

197 

288 

205

55

650 

370

1 1 :50

208

300

180

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

230 

230

230 

230

240±

230±

176

172

170 

167

185

27 

15 

27

150±

150±

150±

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

-45

-50 

-00

-18

-15

-20 

«- 8 

-18

-70

-80

-80

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

f 140-146 

i 213-225 

J 140-150

1 '

f 80-100 

1 250-280

120-123 

140-144 

f

103

f 100

I 200

135-145

252-300

110-150

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls.

!::: i- -

I;;;

. .....

Pump

Galli

+30 

u+30

60

+ 5

10

Large. 

. .do

None . 

..do .

68

50

30

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Sabme.. .. 

. .do..

. ..do.. .

. ..do .. .

.do. . .

. .do ... 

. ..do....

. .do. ..

do. . 

. ..do .....

Sabme. . .

Quaternary.

Sabme... . 

. .do. . .

.do......

. ..do. .

Quaternary,

Cockfleld . . .

Cockfield?

..do.. . .

Quality

Soft ... 

Iron, softs

Soft ...

Soft.. . .

. -do. .. 

....do ...

do. ..

. .do... 

..do. .

. ..do...

....do...

(Alkaline, 

\ hard

Soft...... 

.do.

.do. . 

. do.

Hard, sulphur

Soft.. ...

Iron.. . .

. .. do...

Remarks

(Completed June, 1899, 

j temperatuie, 68° F 

(Completed June, 1901, 

( lignite at 240 feet

No water below 280 feet

(Casing, 158 feet, com1 pleted September, 1901

Casing, 100 feet. .... . 

Completed ill 1890 .

. do. ...

Completed in 1897 

Does not scale boilers,

temperatuie, 67 5° F

^Completed in 1893. . . .

1

No water in sand between 190 and 1U8 feet 

Same section as Um well

Completed January 1,

1903

Completed August, 1901

Bad for boilers and

drinking Completed

in 1902

No

i 820

821 

822

| 82J

824 

1 825

I 826 

827

828

829

830 

831 

832

834 

835' 

836

837

838

839

840

c Owner reports 15 feet

i Geol Survey Louisiam .

e Kept. Chief of Eng. for 1902, pt. 2, 1902,

d Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept for ISM, [1900] p 190 

- " ""'" - " '"12, pp 1560-1563
208 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER' OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

"Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

*841 

*842 

*843

*845

*846

*847

*S48

*849

*850

*85l|

*852

*853

*854

*850

857

*859

800

861

*862

Location

CALDWELL PARISH 

continued 

Columbia . '

Columbia, 2 miles below

above

above

Landing)

er Bruston place)

per Breston place)

(Smithland)

CATAHOULA PARISH

Black River (New

Hope place)

View place)

Bayou)

Olla...... . ... ..

ahoula Shoals)

Springs

Township

13 N. 

13 N

|ON.

6N

7N

ION

7N.

Range

3E . 

3E...

7 B1

 7 T?

6E.

2E ..

2E...

1 E..

2E ..

Seetion

17

Owner

Town of Columbia. . . . 

U S Eng tp^t boring, 

.do ...

.do... ...... .

. .do. .. .. ....

.do ...

.. do. .. . ..

..do . ... ......

.do. . . ... .

. .do. . ... .. .

. do. . . . . .. .

. do . . . . .

Development Co

tain and Southern 

Ewy

ber Co

tain and Southern 

Ewy

Driller >

Oscar Shanks

Authority

County clerk. . . . 

M H Marshall". ... 

. .do....

.. -do.... . .

..do ... . ..

. .do.... . . .

. . do.... .... ...

.do.... . .. ..

. do...... .

-do ..... ...

M H Marshall"....

. .do.... .. .

.do ... . ...

ident

neer of bridges and 

buildings

ber Co 

M H Marshall".. . .

* For additional data, see " Descriptive notes," following this table, 

a Kept Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2, 1902, pp 1560-1563 

' See "Descriptive notes "
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 209

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN)-Contmued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

4-2

- -

Depth of 

well

Feet

503

43

52 

220 

48

52

1 50 

1 50

47

J 52 ' 

1 S2

47

f 39 

1 41 

50

50 

Springs

1,550

374

297

197 

400±

Springs 

.. .do ..

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

65

15

18 5 

20 

28

24

14 

16

13

17 ' 

18

19

5 

2 

8

6

... .

150±

11

100

- --

Height

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

+ 35

1 - 

1 - 

1-

Flows

-

-130

Flows

...

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

423-503

- 

- - -

... .

- -- --

(')

158-197

Yield per minuteFlow

Galls

20

 

- -

10

60

Pump

Galls

Small

Large.

- -

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Sabme .

t

...

-

Coekfleld

Cockfleld

Catahoula 

Cockfleld . .

Catahoula. .

Quality

Soft magnesia

...

/

-

Salty

. .

.....

Sulphur,

iron

Salty. ..

Brine .. 

Sulphur .

Remarks

Completed August, 1903

*

Numerous salt springs

Salt water with gas.

temperature 805° F

Abandoned

Not used ....

Bayou Castor salt 

springs

No.

841

842

843

844

845

846

847

848

849

850

851

852

853

854

855

856

857

859

860

861

cPe Bow's Review, vol 12, 1852, pp 268-269

d Ann Rept Louisiana State Um\ for 1869, 1870, p 57.
210 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEE OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

862A

*8M

864

.. . .

805

866

*867

868

869

870

*871

871 A

*872

*873

874

*875

870

*877

878

879

*880

Location

CLAIBOBNE PARISH

Haynesville ....

Lisbon, 6 miles east of

Statelme . . .

CONGORDIA PARISH

Black lliver. .....

Black Kiver station .

Fernday.. . ...

Fish Pond... . . .

Helena .... ....

Vidalia. .. ... . .

. . .do.. .. ..

DE SOTO PARISH

Frierson . . .

Grand Cane, 3J miles

from

EAST CARROLL PARISH

Hays Landing. .

Lake Providence. . . .

. do. ..

.do.... ....

FRANKLIN TtRISH

Wisner.. . . .

GRANT PARISH

Colfax . ...

Fairmount... .. . .

Georgetown . . .

Pollock.. . . . . .

Township

21 N

23 N

7N-.

7N .

7N

15 N

20N.

21 N.

21 N

21 N.

12 N.

6N.

5N

9N .

6 N .

Range

4 W...

8 W. . .

6E .

10 E ..

10 E..

13 W

13E

13 E..

13 E..

13 E..

8E...

3 W. ..

3 W..

1 E .

IE..

Section

15

7

Owner

Hampton Stave Co.

J F Deloacli & Bro .

Natchez, Red River

and Texas K R 

Texas and Pacific

Itwy

do.. .. .

New Orleans and

Northeastern K R 

Natchez, Bed Kiver

and Texas R R

Concordia Oil Co .

K G Ilednck . .

Test boimg .

. do.. .

To\v n of Providence

St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern

Kwy

Town of Colfax . .

General . . . ..

.do..

Big Creek Lumber Co

Driller

Chas Halloway.

Stoei & Backus . .

.. . ...

L B Hart Well Co

 -

C H Winters. .

L B Hart Well Co.

Authority

Hampton Sta\ e Co .

Dr O Lcrcha

Chas Stoer . .

A A Gardner, vicepresident 

B S Wathcn, chief

engineer

C H Chamberlin, division engineer 

S McDowell

* 

A A Gardner, vicepresident

S McDowell .

Foreman ...

A C Pcalcfc.

E W Ililgard c.

do

F J Powell,mayor.

G D Harris a. .

C H Winters. . .

L B Hart. ......

Postmaster . ...

. . do.... . . ...

*For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table

a Preliminary report on the wells of Louisiana south of the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway Geol and Agr. 

Of Louisiana, pt 2, 1893, p 118

6 Bull. TJ. S Gcol. Survey No. 32, 1886, p. 124.
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 211

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

4-3

3-11

5

4

5

8-4

6

21

8-4

Depth of 

well

Feet

600

Spring.

285

70 

950

145

340'

70 

300±

1,500

181

248

271 

112

100 

1,128

25

35

910

Approximate elevation of 

surf ice

Feet

350±

fiO

60

63 

63

118

inn±

105

105 

105

75 

»6

94

76

88

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

-20

-05

Flows

-10

Flows

-40

Flows

.. ....

-22 

-30

f -15 

1 +65

/ + 16

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

205-285

850

105-145

f 241-281

J998-l,275

|

70-130 

1,103

255

Yield per minute

Flow

Qalls

Small.

1

10

+ 60

«40

2

Pump

Galls

Large

Large

140

15

80 

+ 50 

Largo.

Geologic 

horizon 

of wateibearing 

btrata

Sabine . . .

Sabine.

Quaternary 

Catahoula.

-

Quaternary

Quaternary 

Catahoula 

Sabine

Nacatooh ?

Sabine.

Eocene 

Quaternary.

Quaternary.

Quaternary. 

Cookflold . .

Quaternary.

Catahoula .

Quality

Soft. ...

Good, soft

Urine ..

Urine. .

Fresh..

Salty ...

Good . 

Salty..

Hard. . .

Soft .

do

Remarks

Completed in 1904. . .

Completed m 1900, casing 200 feet

See under Catahoula 

Parish

Alluvial deposits, 0-80,

yellow clay, 80-950

Used foriocomotives

Probably refers to Fernday well

Not tested ....

Salt water with gas,

temperature 70° F

De Soto Mineral Springs,

local resort

Test boring of Mississippi River Commisbion

Water excessively ferruginous

{

Gas at 660 and 1,100 feet, 

2 ounces of salt per 

gallon

Below 35 feet water is

salty

Used for drinking purposes

No

862A

863

864

865 

866

867

868

869 

870

| 871

1

871A

872

873

874 

875

876

877

878

879

880

"Ann Rept Miss River Com for 1883 48th Cong , 1st sess , House Ex Doc No 37, 1884, pp 404-496 

i Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept of 1902, pp 231-232 

«In 1900, in 1902 flow reported 20 gallons 

/In 1896, in W02 would rise only 5 feet. «
212 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

*882

*883

*884

*885

*886

*887

*8S8

889

*890

891

892

*893

*894

*805

*896

*897

*898

899 

r

Location

GRANT PARISH continued

Rochelle..

Sandspur (Antoma

station)

Stay ...

JACKSON PARISH

Anslcy ..

Hod e

Joncsboro .

Wyatt. . .....

LINCOLN PARISH

Chautauqtia Station

Dubach...

Ruston . . .

. .do ..

MADISON PARISH

Barncs...

Delta ....

Mound

MOREHOUSE PARISH

Bastrop. . ....

Collmston . . ...

MerKouge..

Oak Ridge ..

Township

9N.

7N

6N

16 N

16 N

15 N

20 N.

18 N

18 N.

16 N.

16 N.

16 N

21 N

20 N

21 N.

19 N.

Range

IE

IE...

1 W ..

3 W ..

3\V .

3 W.

3 W ..

0 VIT O W . .

3 W..

13 E

15 E..

14 E

5E. .

6E .

7E .

7E.

Section

5

19

31

26

Owner

Louisiana Lumber Co

(Ltd)

St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern

Rwy

S Hopper Mill Co ...

Davis Bros. .

Iluie-IIodge Lumber

Co

(Southern Arkansas 

[ Lumber Co

Wvatt Lumber Co

Louisiana Chautauqua

FredB Dubach Lumber Co

Ruston waterworks

Ruston Compress Co

Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific ,

Rwy

do

. .do. .

General.

Court-house.... .

St Lotus, Iron Mountain and Southern

Rwy

. do .... . .

..do. . . .

Driller

Oscar Shanks..

. .do. . ...

.do ... .

L B Clifford Well

Co

.. do . .

J .do ...

. . do ... . .

L B Clifford Well

Co

do ..

. do...

. .. ...'.

C II Winters. . . .

Oscar Shanks .

C H Winters ...

Authority

Oscar Shanks. .

. ..do...... '.. . .

. .do...... . . .

L B Clifford...

... do........ . ...

G S Smith ...

L B Clifford

Dr O Lercba

L B Clifford.

.do.. ..... .

do..

R B Coxe, supeimtendent water division

. .do.. . .

F L Maxwell .

A E Washburn, parish surveyor

W A Harnngton .

C H Winters ....

Oscar Shanks . . .

C H Winters ..

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table 

« Oeology and Agriculture of Louisiana, pt 1, 1893, pp 46-47 

& Chief engineer gives depth in 1902 as 137 feet
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 213

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

6 

6

5

4

f 5

1 4

4

5

8-6

4

1

6

36± 

I

6

Depth of 

well

Feet

505

75 

78

245

300

545

538

302

Spring

179

425

449

72

1,200±

135 

25-«)

153 

81

79 

40

Approximate elevation of 

surface

feet

80

189

190

205

200

200

200±

135

288

301

81

87

83

<2113 4 

79

93 

(«)

Height 

of

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

+ 5

- 45 

- 45

- 33

- 36

- 34

- 34

t.

+ 6

6-120

v

-140

(<M

c- 38

*- 30

*- 67 1 

- 8

- 7

Depths of

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

555-565

60-75 

00-78

190-245

292-300

500-545

490-538

242-252

272-302

173-179

(

120-126

373-425

28-72

| 12-50

I 100-135

67-153 

64-81

79-89 

24-40

Yield I 

u

Flow

Qalti

1

.. ....

I

er minte

Pump

Galls

75

124 

100

100

50

40

34

55

Large.

68

08

140+

70

Geologic

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Cockfleld ..

Lafayette' .

Sabme....

.. . do...

.. do...

. . do. ..

. .do....

Sabme .

C I a i borne

(lower)

Sabme. ..

. .do. .-

Quaternary

Quaternary 

Quaternary

...do . . 

.. do

.do... . 

.. . do .. ..

Quality

Salty...

Soft . . 

. do...

Soft . . .

..do..

..do....

. do...

..do....

Iron

Soft ... .

Soft.. .

..do..

.....

Slightly

hard

Iron 

. ..

Remarks

Abandoned .

Group of three wells . . 

Water in gravel ......

Pumping 100 gallons per

minute water lowers

to 80 feet

Casing, 300 feet, completed in 1901

(Well at planer, com- 

{ pletcd m 1901

Well at sawmill, completed m 1902

Man} fossil shells above

water horizon

I

WilI lower 40 Ject when

pumping 100,000 gallons per day

Supplies compress and

iuj factory

Used for locomotives

No water below 135 feet

Used for locomotives

Good soft water, excellent for locomotives

Completed in 1898. 

... ..... .... ... .

No

881

882 

883

884

885

880

887

888

889

1

I 890

j

891

892

893

894 

895

890 

897

898 

899

c Varies with height of river

<J Harris, G D , Geol. Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p. 231
214 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

000

902

903 

*904

905

907

*908 

900

*910

*911 

912

*913

913

010

917

*918 

*919

Location.

NATCIIITOCHES PARISH

Alien... .. ...

east of 

Deny .. ... . .

.do ..... .

Montrose .. ..... 

Natchitoches .

do...

. do....

west of

northwest of

northwest of

noith of 

Sans Souci ...

Weaver Spur . . .

OUACHIT\ I'AEISH

Bosco. . .. . . 

:Chemeie, 3 miles

i southeast of

Township

9N.

9N..

7N.. 

ON..

9 N

ON

9 N

9N..

9N .

9N.

11 N

 17 N.

Range

10 W.

5W. .

6 \V. . .

6 W-.

6 W. - . 

7 W. . .

7 \V

7 W. . . 

7 W..

7 W. . .

7W -

7 W. . -

3E...

Section

19

22

Owner

berCo

and Navigation Co 

Geneial.. .. . .. 

t

kansas Rwy

. .do...... . .. ...

Montiose Lumber Co 

City wfitorw orks . . .

..do.. ...

[Natchltoches Noimal 

i School

Weaver Bros. .... 

U S Eng test boi ing.

Driller

A L Pulhn......

Clifford Well Co..

Andrews Well Co.

Stoer & Backus. ..

Authonty

D A Blackshear .

D G Petty.. .. ...

and Navigation Co

Postmaster. .....

i

. .do... . ..

J C Rives, secretaiy 

[JudgeC H Levy, sul penntendent

. .do.....

^ 

Piesident Caldwell .

. .do. ....

. ..do..... . . .

Chat, Stoer.. .. 

M H Marshall <* . . .

*Fol 

a See 

"Flo

additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table. 

No 994, Drakes Suit Works, Winn Pansli 

wed for a shot t time aftei completion
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 215

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(NORTHERN) -Continued.

Diameter of 

well.

Inches.

1

4

4 

4

1 :

6 

4 

1 360

[ li

4-21

4-2J

Depth of 

well.

Feet. 

Springs.

412 

-Spring.

475+ 

155

707

36 

86 

106 

496

457 

> 19-64

726 

Springs. 

...do....

...do..l.

...do....

...do....

308

f 44 

1 32

515

{ 50 

1 50

mate elevation of 

surface.

Feet.

250±

145

111

110

100 

130

130

25 

16

85

15 

17

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet.

+ 20

-25

f-20 

Flows, 

l-do..

-20

- 4 

- 3

I''"

[<>- 0.5

-17

1---

Flows.

).......

Depths of 

principal 

waterliearing 

strata.

Feet.

412

36-300? 

640 

700-707

80-180 

J 200-220 

{ 457

35-38 

96-108 

710-726

188

I 265-275 

| 465-515

Yield per minute. '

Flow.

Galls.

Small.

Pump.

Galls.

10+ 

Large.

200

25

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

Sabine... ...

.....do......

.....do?..... 

Sabine ...... 

.....do......

Quaternary.

.....do...... 

Sabine...... 

.....do......

Claiborne?. , 

Sabine...... 

.....do...... 

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

Cockfleld . . .

Sabine

Quality.

.....do....

Iron...... 

Salty..... 

.....do....

Poor.... . . 

Salty..... 

Brine.....

Good, soft

Brine..... 

Fresh. .... 

Brine.....

Iron......

Su 1 phureted.

Good.....

«

Remarks.

Many chalybeate 

springs.

Supplies railroad tank 

by pipe line. 

No wells. Cisterns used 

exclusively.

Water in coarse sand 

and gravel. 30-foot 

screen.

No water below 180 feet..

[Small amount of gas at 

710 feet.

Casing, 188 feet .........

No.

900 

901 

902 

 903 

904 

905

906

907

908 

909

910

| 911 

912 

913 

914 

915

916 

917

918 

919 

920

1393 No. 46 06

cGeol. Survey Louisiana, Rept. of 1902, pp. 147-148. 

d Ann. Rept. Chief of Eng. for 1902, pp. 1564-1566.

 16
216 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No.

*921

*922 

*923

*924 

925

926 

927

*928 

*920

030

931 

932

*933 

*934

*935 

*936 

*937

Location

OUACHITA PARISH 

continued

. .do. .. . . ... ..

....do...... .. .. .

. do ..... .. ....

Monroe, ^ mile south 

of 

Monroe, \ to 1^ miles 

north of 

Monroe, 0 miles north 

of

Rock Row Shoals 

(Ouachita River)

POINTE COUPEE 

PARISH

Batchelor.. ...... ...

New Roads ..

RAPIDES PARISH

Alexandria (city hall)

(

Alexandria (waterworks)

.. do . ......

("Alexandria (corner 

I Fourth and St 

[ James streets)

AleAandna (roundhouse)

Township

19 N.

4N.

UN .

4N.. 

4N.. 

4N..

Range

3E .

1 W.. 

1 W. -

1 W. . . 

1 W... 

1 W .

Section 

Consolidated Ice Co.. 

...do.....* . . . .

Monroe Waterworks 

and Light Co

Ouachita cotton mills

Stubhs's place.... . . 

U S Eng test borings

Texas and I aciflc 

Rwy 

do .. . ...

[Corporation of Alexl andnu

. do ... .. ...

. ..do .... .. . ... . 

- -do .... .. . . .

St Louis, I ion Mountain and Southern 

Rwy

Driller

Will A Strong.....

Will A Strong. ...

 Andrews Well Co. . 

.. ..do. .... . ... .

. ..do..... . . . . 

.. . do.... .... ....

Authority

Will A Strong

Consolidated Ice Co . 

Will A Strong. ....

Guy P Stubbs.. .. 

G D Harriso . .. . 

M M Munsoni . ..

E G Benker, sheriff ..

B S Wathen, chief 

ongmppr 

.. ..do. .. . . .'

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table

" Geol Survey Louisiana, Rept of 1902, p 211

6 Pump repairer, St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Rwy
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 217

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

5-3i 

5-3J

7-3J

5-3J

4

5-31

4

2-8

H

4-2J

10-4

2 

6-4

IJepth of 

well

Feet

485 

360

400

385

400±

375

400± 

260

1 " | 50

\ 44

j 157 

1 63

145-165

170

WO

473

560

700

006

858

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

75 

75

75

80

82

85

... .

38 

44

28

42 

39

78

77

77

70 

75

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+)or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

+ 40 

+ 40

Flows.

.do..

.do..

.do

.do..

.do.

1-

).. ...

[«+ 10 

If- 60

f«+ 12 

I/- 138

]'+ 12 

I/- 110

JeFlow 

If- 41

Depths of 

principal 

waterhearing 

strata

Feet

1 20 

J 65 

\ 280-485

280-360

250-400

320-385

>

. .

I--

| 540-560

1 540 

1 620 

[ 760

}. ..

850

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

50 

50

20

30

3

V>±

50±

70±

Pump

Galls

50 

50

50

Large .

118

121

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Quaternary 

. .do.. . . 

Sabme . . .

do. ..

do

.do.. . .

.do.. . .

. ..do ..

. ..do .. .

. .do .

Quaternary.

.do .

. .do. .

Catahoulu .

.. .do....

. do . .

.. do ..

Quality

Alkaline . 

. .do.. . 

Soft... ..

. .do...

Very soft

Soft . .

....do..

do...

Good .

... do.

Soft. .

.do.

.. .do ...

.. .do ...

Remarks

Drilled in 1891. ... .. .

(Drilled in 1892, casing 80 

I feet

Drilled in 1901. ...

Temperature 71° F ,

completed in 1892

Used for factory and

drinking 

Three wells.. .. .. . .

Completed February, 

1903, second well on

this farm '

Palatable for drinking

in some cases, used for

machinery on sugar

and cotton plantation

All alluvial, water in

hand and gravel

Water in sand and

gravel

Well No 1... . . .

Well No 2..

Abandoned .....

No.

921

922

923

924

925

926 

927

928

929

930

931

932

933

934

935

936 

937

< Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1902, pp 1564-1500

d See " Descriptive notes "

* In 1898

/ August 6, 1902
218 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No.

*938

*939

*940

*941

Q49

*943

*944

945

940

*U47

948

949

*952 

*OS3

985

*9SG 

957

958

959 

*960 

961

Location.

EAPIDES PARISH continued.

/Alexandria (Sixth and

1 Monroe streets). 

.....do................

Ball..................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do. ...............

LOyd. .......'.........

.....do................

Hapidos ..............

.....do................

Springhill............

Zimmcrman ..........

RED RIVER PARISH.

Coushatta, 10 miles 

east of. 

Coushatta ............ 

Lake End............ 

Wilson... ............

Township.

4N..

4N..

4N-.

5N..

r M

5N..

5N..

5-N-.

5N..

IN..

1 N.. 

4N..

4N..

5N.. 

4N..

4N-.

5N..

12 N.

11 N. 

14 N.

Range

1\V...

1 \V. . -

1 W. . .

1 E ...

3 W. . .

3 W. - .

3 \v

3 W. -.

3W...

IE...

IE... 

1 W. . .

1 W. . .

2 W. . . 

2W...

4 W. . .

3 W. . .

8 W...

9 W. . . 

9 W. . .

Section.

1.2

22 

10

Owner.

[Alexandria Ice and

1 Storage Co. 

.....do................

Rwy. 

.....do................

luring Co. 

M. Grillette..........

[Boyoe Cotton Oil and

I Manufacturing Co.

compte.

Postmaster.......... 

fPinevillo Development Co.

C. A. Morrow. ........ 

.....do................

Co.

I

.....do................

 Armstead ........ 

Atkins Bros ..........

Driller.

[Andrews Well Co..'.

Hart Well Co.......

Shanks &"Smith....

Hart Well Co.......

.....do..............

].....................

J.I..........J.

......................

Chas. Stoer......... 

Stoer & Backus ....

Authority.

Jas. Diouant a. .......

Ira W. Sylvester.....

Oscar Shanks........

.....do................

.....do................

JH. P. Haynes, prcsi1 dent. 

L. C. Sanford.........

Ira W. Sylvester, eonsuiting engineer. 

General...............

C. A. Morrow........ 

.....do................

.....do................ 

Postmaster ..........

J. W. Martin.........

Chas. S'toer.. ......... 

Chas. Stoer........... 

J. W. Martin.........

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table.

" Foreman for Andrews Well Co.

& Water-Sup, and Irr. Paper No. 101, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904, p. 20.

c Pressure stated to be 15 pounds when first drilled; lowers on pumping to 40 feet; casing, 200 feet long.
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 219

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

-(NOETHEEN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well.

Inches.

\ \ '

8

7

6-4

8

2 

} 3J

2

0

 2 

2

4

4 

4-2J

Depth of 

weD.

Feet. 

580

621 + 

927 

110 

365 

300+

810 

302

280 

279

105 

125

1 720 

| 100 

I 230+ 

1,020

96-106

323 

20-30

175 

25-50

ft 140 

287.5 

Shallow.

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet.

77

77 

77

145 

88

88 

85

88

90

75

1---

85 

85

94

127

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet. 

-60

Flows .

-60 

+ 15

+ 18 

c+34

Flows. 

+ 7

! " s

I -18

-20

-20 

- 5 

Flows. 

(?)

/+25

-24 

Flows.

Depths of 

principal 

watcr- 

- bearing 

strata.

Feet. 

f 480 

1 580

853-927

310-365 

300

f 300 

1 802 

292-302

1 95-105

J

94-104

96 

108 

280 

320?

175

Yield per minuto.

Flow.

Galls.

125

[ <<30 

1 "4

f /20 

( 52

Pump.

Galls. 

60

Large .

100

30+

}.......

) 

Large .

100+

Large . 

...do..

).......

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

JCatahoula . .

Quaternary.

Catahoula . . 

.....do......

Catahoula? . 

Catahoula . .

.....do......

.....do......

Quaternary. 

.....do......

Quaternary.

.....do...... 

Catahoula . . 

.....do......

Quaternary.

Catahoula . . 

Quaternary.

Sabijie...... 

.....do......

Quality.

} ---

Soft......

Soft......

Brackish . 

Soft......

.....do....

.....do....

.....do....

Slightly, 

hard. 

.....do.... 

Soft ......

Hard, a!T 

kaline. 

Soft......

.....do....

Brackish .

Remarks.

Abandoned .............

Drilled in 1890...........

Temperature, 00° F.; 

drilled in 1898.

Drilled in 1900; used for 

ice manufacture; casing, 200 feet.

[Used for drinking only; 

I completed in 1899.

Completed in 1902; pronounced an excellent 

water.

Four wells completed in 

1900.

Supplies watering tank 

of Zimmerman, Lecsville and Southern 

E. E. 

Temperature, August, 

1902, 68° IV, used for 

drinking onlySalt spring, with gas. . .

E ver-tiowing well .......

No.

938

939 

940 

941 

942

943 

944

945 

1 946

947 

948

 949 

960

951 

952

953

954 

955.

4

95&

95T 

958

959 

9COi 

961

d In 1899.

t August 12, 1902.

/In 1897.

0 August, 1902.

A Also reported 300 feet.
220 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No.

962

963

964

965

*966 

967

970

*971 

*972

973

*975

976 

977

*978

980 

081

Location

EICHLAND PARISH

Delhi. ..

SABINE PARISH

do ... .. .

Loring . . ....

Noble. . ...

Plymouth

ST LANDEY PARISH

i Melville, 12 miles 

1 south of

TENSAS PAEISH

St Joseph. . .

UNION PAEISH

[Ouachita River(Loeh

1 Lomond)

VEKNON PAKISH

Hawthoine 

Pickcnne. . .

Township

17 N

17 N

6N .

6N .

7N.. 

7N .

9N

5N.

5 N

8N. 

9 N

7N. 

8T<

los

[20 N

3N

Range

9E. .

8E...

14 W.

13 W. .

12 W .

14 W..

12 W. .

13 W.

12 W.

12 W.

7E .

3E .

3\V .

9 W

Section

33

9 

27

24

2

8 

36

,

2Q

Owner.

port and Pacific 

Rwy

. do... .. . .. .,

Bowman-Hicks Lumber Co

D M Foster....

Tngg Lumber Co ...

(

Bowman-Hicks Lumber Co

Latanmer Oil Co. 

 Kellry .. . . .

General . .

Lumber company. . 

do...

I> Filler.

L. B Clifford Well 

Co

L B Clifford Well 

Co

L B Clifford Well 

Co

Ohear Shanks . . .

fL B Clifford Well

I Co

Authority.

tcndcnt water division

. ..do . ....

W A Shields, superintendent

ish surveyor 

E W Hilgaidc.....

A. C Veafehi.... .

L B Clifford.. ..

Ic S Smith e ... . 

 Coxe, superintendent 

Oscar Shanks ....

A Blanche ... .. 

M H Marshall / . .

IL B Clifford 

 Piekerine. . .. .

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table

" Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 18<)2, p 90

& See "Descriptive notes "

o Supplementary and Final Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Louisiana, New Orleans, 1873, p. 22
NORTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SVRING BECORDS. 22L

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(NORTHEKN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well.

Inches.

6

8

4

{ :

I i

8-0

Depth of 

well.

Feet. 

825± 

64

Shallow.

....do...

704

no

630

400 

22 

521

120 

195

2,103

135 

lOp-135

50

1 206

280 

740

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet. 

95 

88

285

173

275

277.5

203 

203

| 48.8 

I 47.5

140

223

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet. 

Flows. 

- 24

-100

- 8

+ 1 

+ 1 

+ 18

-100

- 12 

- 16

Flows.

hJsFlow 

I*- 16

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata.

Feet. 

24- 62

(<>)

167 

212 

350 

630

160

f 360-380 

| 418-430 

I 492-520 

100-120 

f 100-120 

1 190

J 537-555 

Il450-2000

1 200-206

Yield per minute.

Flow.

Galls.

'

30

1__.

r--

Large.

...do..

Pump.

Galls. 

100

30

Fair..

25

55 

55

Large. 

...do..

None.

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

Sabine...... 

Quaternary.

Sabine......

Sabine......

Sabine. .....

.....do......

.....do......

Quaternary. 

.....do......

Coekfield....

Quality.

Brackish .

Brine.....

.....do....

Soft ......

Brine.....

[Salty; al1 kaline.

f

Pure; soft. 

Sulphur . .

{Slightly 

I alkaline.

Remarks.

Abandoned salt works. . 

.....do..................

Water from 11 different 

sand beds. 

Used in boiler. ..........

 

Salt and soda works 

during the war.

Temperature, 70° F. .... 

Abandoned salt works..

Ferrell's mineral well . . .

).........................

I.........................

}.........................

[TWO wells. ..............

No.

962 

963

964 

965 

966

967 

968

969

970 

971

972 

973

974

975

976 

977

978

979

980 

981

d Geology and Agriculture of Louisiana, pt. 2, 1894, pp. 118, 119. 

e Foreman for L. B. Clifford Well Co. 

/ Kept. Chief of Eng. lor 1902, p. 1566. 

g In 1901. 

» In 1902.
222 GEOLOGY AND WDEBGBOUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

LOUISIANA

No

*982

*983

984A

*985 

*986

987

*988

*989

*991

992

*994

*995

996

997 

998

*999

1000

Location

"WEBSTER PARISH

Mmden ..... . . 

. ..do.... . .... . .

. do.... - -- - -

. .do.... . .... ...

WEST BATON ROUGE 

PAK1SH

tion 

Lobdell ....

WEST CARROLL PARISH

Floyd ......

WINN PARISH

Drakes Salt Works &

Pyburn. . ...

Tannehill ...... ..

south of (Cedar 

Lick) 

Wmona. ... . . ...

Township

18 N

21 N.

19 N.

19 N

19 N

19 N.

23 N.

17 N.

8S .

7S.

12 N.

13 N.

13 N.

12 N.

Range

10W .

10W..

9 W...

9 W. 

9 W .

9 W..

11 W..

9 W...

12 E .

5 W .

[5 W...

[4 W... 

3 W...

3 W...

Section

6

21 

21

(20-21

J28-29 

25

30

34

22

Owner.

Mmden Lumber Co. . . 

.. .do...... ..... . .

dry

and Ice Co 

{Pine Woods Lumber

Co

Rwy 

. ..do... .. . ..

I

1........ ... . .

North Louisiana

Lumber Co 

Hall & Legin ....

Pine Tree Lumber Co

Driller

L B Clifford Well

Co

L B Clifford Well 

Co 

.. ..do......... .. .

. ..do.... ... ....

L B Clifford Well

Co 

A L Pullin.... ..

-

J M Phillips. . 

L B Clifford Well

Co 

... .do.... ... . .

Authority

L B Clifford. . .. ..

L B Clifford. . 

..do.... .

.. .do ... . . .... .

S G Wcbb, president

IL B Clifford. . .

man

engineer

A C Veatchc... .

Lumber1 Co 

J M Phillips

L B Clifford... . .

....do.. ....

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table 

a Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, pp 81-99 

6 See also No 904, Goldonna, Natchitoches Parish
NOKTHERN LOUISIANA WELL AND SPUING BECORDS. 223

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

(NORTHERN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well.

Inches.

4

6

4 

4

8

3 

4-3

(.......

K1 6 I 4

4

4

Depth of 

well.

Feet. 

10-15

271

....do...

317

247 

251

115

368 

1,015±

110 

165

40

10-20 

100-200 

1,011

6-15 

1 600±

270

700 

268+

454

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feet. 

140

220

192 

192

190

235 

190

210 

120

120

210

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet.

-48

-28

-28 

48

- 8

1 ~ H

I -28

+ 35

-18 

-10

Flows.

-90

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata.

Feet.

245-271

247-317 

247

100-115

228-270 

338-368

110

140-270

f 00 

\ 200

Yield per minute.

Flow.

Galls.

18

........

].......

Pump.

Galls.

55

115 

110

50

Large. 

...do...

Small.

Large.

60

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

....do......

....do......

....do......

....do......

Quaternary. 

....do......

....do......

Quaternary*

Cretaceous.. 

Quaternary^

Sabine.. .... 

.....do......

.....do......

Quality.

re ted. 

Iron......

Soft......

....do....

Soft; iron. 

Soft......

Brine. .... 

.....do....

.....do.... 

.....do....

Soft...... 

.....do....

Remarks.

Salt made from 1850 to 

1802.

Used for sawmill and 

drinking.

Temperature, 65.3° F . . .

Temperature, 66° F.; 

lower horizon not developed.

Well fluctuates with the 

river. 

Water in sand and 

gravel.

Saltworks 1800-1865.....

Temperature , 75" F ..... 

Salt works 1840-1809....

Two wells. ..............

Water lowers 7 feet 

when pumping 60 gallons per minute. 

Shells common from 20 

to 490 feet. 

Large amount ol gas. . . .

Too much quicksand; 

well abandoned.

No.

982 

083 

984

984A 

985

986 

987

988

[. 989 

990

991 

992

993

1 994

995 

996

997

998 

999

1000

c Geol. Survey Louisiana, Rept. of 1902, pp. 51-64.

A Leaks from the Cretaceous beds Into the bottom-land silti

« Geol. Survey Louisiana, Rept. of 1902, pp. 64-70.
224 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs m southern Arkansas, northern

MISSISSIPPI

No

1003 

1004

lOOo

1007

1000

1011 

1012

*1014 

1015

*1016

1020

1022 

1023

Location

n

ADAMS (-OUNTY

. .do . . .

BOLIVAR COUNTY

Cleveland . . ........ 

. .do ... . . ..

O'lleilly.. . ....

Shaw . ....

CLAIBOENE COUNTY.

COAHOMA COUNTY

Lyon__ ...

HOLMES COUNTY

Tchula

.do.... .

.do .. . ... 

do.... ..... .

1SSAQUENA COUNTY

lErLOKt COUNTY

. do. . ....

. do...... ... ... .

do. ..

Ittabena ..... 

do... .

Township

22 N.

21 N.

UN

28 N

28 N

27 N

19 N

19 N

19 N.

19 N

19 N 

19 N

22 N

Range

5W . 

5W. .

5W...

3\V. .

IE..

IE..

IE..

1W

Section

21.. 

21

23 .

22..

18 .

. . .

20 

13

Owner

ply and Sewer Co

Sillers & Owens .....

O'Rcilly... .. .

Yazoo and Mississippi Valley K K

Port Gibson water-

. works

estate

Lainar Fountaine. . 

City. .... .. . .

. . do. . ... ..

W. B Jones . .

Commission test 

boring

Ice factory ..... .

T J Phillips .

L J Young & Co . .

Driller

. . . .

}---- -- 

.. . ....

....

Authority

L. C Johnson a..

. .do a .

Chas V Lingtrom, 

supen ntendent motive power

jj H Fessell, supennl tendent

.do .....

. . do. .

.do

county clerk

county clerk

terworks 

L C Johnson o. .

. ..do.. . . .

. .do .. - - 

.do

1 terworks

* For additional data see "Descriptive noteV following this table

i Water-Sup and Irr Paper No 102,0 S Geol Survey, 1904, pp 334-357
NORTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 225

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

(NORTHWESTERN).

Diameter of 

well

Inches

1 8

1 b

i 6 I 6

3

4

4

b

4

I '

11

2 

4

2

4-2

3-2

4

4

3

Depth of 

well

Feet

>29b-350

517 

300

1,000

1,000

1,002

385

100

260

825

800 

975

450

1,125

770 

470

132 9

400

. 700

506

050

650

597 

365

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

100 ±

90 

90

139

139

... ..

(")

173 

115

115

115 

115

130

130

130

130

130

130 

130

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground

Feet

-40

- 8 

-36

Flows

..do .

.. do.

+ 17

f -60 

1 -50

Flows

do 

+ 35

+ 16

+ 85

Flows

do

+ 45

Flows

+ 40

+ 35 

Flows. 

..do..

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

500 

264

1,000

1,000

60-130 

213-260

825

700 

970

770

f 450

J 550

[ 650

f 350

| 450

I 000

f ,140

500 

I 6(10

348 

400

Yield per minute

Flow

Oalls

8

8 

22

130

200

300

400

1-

250

100

Pump

Galls'

50 

70

75

100

100

300

600

:::

1;

. ..

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Catahoula .

Catahoula * 

Catahoula

Eocene. .

. do .

..do....

. .do. .

Quaternary

Catahoula

Eocene .

do 

do.

. .do

..do . .

. .do 

do . ..

Eocene

-do ..

. -do.. ..

. -do. ..

.do

do . 

. do .. 

. . do

Quality

S 1 1 g htly 

hard

Hard 

Good. .

Soft

. do .

do

. do

Hard, iron

Hard... 

Soft..

.do .

.do . 

do .

Excellent

Soft, alkaline 

Soft . ..

Soft

Soft

. . do

do . 

do

do

Remarks

4 8-inch wells, 1 6-mch 

well

Drilled in 1901.

- do.. . .

do . .

Drilled in 1102. .

Water in gravel, supplies watering tank

1 . . .. .

Drilled in 1897 . .

- -

Average of 20 wells sunk

in 1898

\Vell sunk in 1898..-

.-

|The Buhrstone is re-

| ported at a depth of

{ 200 feet

. ....

 " »

No.

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

1007

1008

1009

1010 

1011

1012

1013

1014 

1015

1016

1017

1018

1019

1

I 1020

J

1021

1022 

1023 

1024

* Elevation of Illinois Central Railroad station, "16 feet

cAnn Rept Miss River Corn for 1883 48th Cong , 1st sess , House Ex Doc No 37,1884, p 490
226 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

'Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern 

MISSISSIPPI (NORTH

No.

1025

1026 

1027

1028

1029

1031

1033

1034

1035

1037

1038

*1039

1040'

*1041

1042

1044

1046

1O4.fi

1049

Location.

QUITMAN COUNTY.

.....do................

SUNFLOWER COUNTY.

Doddsville...........

lluleville .............

WARREN" COUNTY.

.....do................

of.

.....do................

WASHINGTON COUNTY.

.....do. ...............

.....do................

YAZOO COUNTY.

Mechanicsburg .......

Yazoo City. ..........

north ol.

.....do................

Township.

28 N.

28N . 

28 N.

9 N. . 

9N-.

Range.

1W... 

1W...

3W...

Section.

28. ...

29.... 

35....

Ownere

.....do................

C.H. Pond...........

sippi Valley B. R. 

.'....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Commission test 

boring.

Valley E. E.

W. F. Cummings .....

Co.

Driller.

.....do.............

Z. P. Stutts. .......

Authority.

.....do................ 

.....do.... ... .. ..

eery clerk. 

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

superintendent motive power. 

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

D. W. Floweree, president. 

.....do...... .........

E. W. Ililgardc......

superintendent motive power

....do................ 

....do................

....do................

* For additional data see " Descriptive notes," following this table. 

a Water Sup. and Irr. Paper, U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 102, 1B04, pp. 334-357. I
NORTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 227

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

WESTERN) Continued.

Diameter of 

well.

Inches. 

3

2 

2

4

8

10

8

3

4

Depth of 

well.

Feel. 

860 

724 

636

700 

' 1,250

800 

700-800

700-800 

100

180

900 

200

1,100 

220

500 

125 

96

100±

588 

620 

588

500 

635

f 740 

J 800 

{ 1,254 

475

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

Feel.

121

126 

,126

250 

200± 

97

250 

110

I 110 

110

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet. 

Flows. 

+ 50 

+ 40

...do..

...do..

<.")

Flows.

- 5 

 i")

(")

-130 

- 40 

+ 12

-140 

+ 20

Flows. 

. + 4

Depths of 

principal waterbearing 

strata.

Feet. 

810 

650 

COO

400-500

Yield per minute.

Flow.

Galls. 

60 

55 

60

Small.

14

40

Pump.

Galls.

Large.

300 

Large.

Large.

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

. ..do......

....do......

....do......

....do......

....do......

Eocene ..... 

....do......

Quaternary

Sabinc .....

Quaternary

Quaternary

.....do......

.....do......

.... do......

.....do......

.....do......

.....do......

Quality.

Soft ......

.....do....

.....do....

(Soft, al- 

[ kaline.

Soft, alkaline.

Soft......

Hard, alkaline.

Good.....

Brackish . 

Hard .....

Iron. .....

Mineral . . .

llemarks.

Abandoned ..............

Not suited for boiler 

purposes.

Used in ice manufacture.

Water in gravel. ........

Good boiler water. .....

Pumped with windmill. . 

Fine for drinking and 

washing. 

Pumped with windmill. .

Wells drilled in 1899.....

No.

1025 

1026 

1027

1028 

1029 

1030 

1031 

1032

1033

1034

1035 

1036

1037 

1038

1039 

1040 

1041

1042

1043 

1044 

1045

1046 

1047

1048 

1049

6 Varies with the river.

c Arm. Kept. Miss, lliver Com. for 1883; 48th Cong., 1st sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 37,1884. pp. 491-492.
-228 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

TEXAS (NORTH

No.

1060

*1051

1052 

1053

*1054

1055

*1056

1057

1058

*1059

1060

1001

1063

1004

*1005

*1066

*1067 

*1068

*1069

1070

1071

Location.

ANDERSON COUNTY.

Palestine, 44 miles from.

Palestine, 10 miles oast of. . . 

Palestine ...................

ANGELINA. COUNTY.

Angelina River (Nancy

. Lang League) . 

Grahams Saline. ...........

Lufkin. .....................

BOWIE COUNTY.

at mouth of Mill Creek.

.....do ......................

Rolyat, 4 miles north of ....

Rolyat, 3 miles west of ....

Rolyat......................

.....do......................

Texarkana d ................

Texarkana .......... . . .

....do......................

Wamba ...... .....

....do......................

Owner.

Northern R. E.

{

Palestine Water arid Power 

Co.

Palestine Oil Co ........... 

Palestine Ice Co . .........

Eli Oillins. ................

I.N. Phillips...............

J.H.Williams.............

Texarkana Ice Co ..........

"Tanyard Springs". .......

Driller.

[American Well Works.. 

J. L. Mayo. ............

Authority.

tendent. t 

H. L. Wright, receiver .....

J . L. Mayo "..-.............

t

Eli Giilins. .................

.....do......................

C. A; Berkshire.............

I. N. Phillips...............

E. A. Munson. .............

....do......................

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes." following this table, 

o Well No. 1. 

» Well No. 2.
NORTHEASTERN TEXAS WELL AND SPUING RECORDS. 229

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued. 

EASTERN).

Diameter of 

well.

Inches.

6 

8-6 

6 

6

6

2

3} 

5

6

6

8 

6

3

Depth of 

 well.

Feet. 

650

400-444

310 

560

Springs. 

1,300+

312

425

536 

1,200

196.5 

247 

165

119 

140 

63

550

65 

Spring. 

....do...

Approximate elevation of 

surface.

feet. 

495

400

495

352 

352

Height 

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the 

ground.

Feet. 

-200

- 80

- 1

- 60 

- 60

- 60

- 49 

- 20 

- 20

- 0

Depths oi 

principa' 

waterbearing 

strata.

Feet.

235-440

115-121 

1 200-250 

I -560?

- 2

500-536 

+ 500

145^196

135-140 

33-63

f 136 

550?

20-60

Yield per minute.

Flow.

Galls.

}1

Pump.

Galls. 

Small.

| a 120 

I 6130

100

Very 

small.

........

Large.

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata.

I------

Sabine......

Nacatoch . . . 

.....do......

Naeatoch...

.....do...... 

.....do:.....

....do......

jArkadelt phia ?

.....do......

.....do......

Quality.

(iron, 

| slightly 

I hard.

Iron......

.....do....

Salty.....

.....do....

Salty..... 

.....do....

Soft......

Hard, alkaline. 

Soft...... 

Salty..... 

Soft......

J...........

Remarks.

Drilled in 1877-8; not 

used.

}__....__..._

Test well for oil. ........

Casing 300 feet ..........

Abandoned salt works. . 

.....do..................

Oil test well. Slight 

amount of inflammable gas. 

Saltlick................

Used for watering stock; 

easing, 200 feet.

Drilled in 1900. .........

Drilled, in 1902. .........

Black clay below 60 feet.

..........................]

No.

1050

1051

1052 

1053

1054

1055 

1056 

1057

1068

1059

1060 

1061

1062 

1063 

1064

 1065 

1066 

1067

1068

1069 

1070 

1071

« Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Texas, 1890, p. 307. 

"I See also Nos. 478-480A, Texarkana, Miller County, Ark. 

« See discussion under No. 478.
230 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

TEXAS(NOBTn

No

1073

1075

1078

1080 

1081

1082

1083

*1084

* 1085

1086

1088

*1089

1090

*1091

*1092

Location

CAMP COUNTY.

do.. ...

C\SS COUNTY

Viola .

CIIEROKEE COUNTY

.do . ...

Mortoiu. . .

FEANKLIN COUNTY

GREGS COUNTY

HARRISON COUNTY

[Marshall, 3 miles northeast

I of

.do . . . .. . .

.. do... ....

Marshall, 10 miles from. .

Owner

solidated Ice and Coal Co

let

Arkansas Lumber Co. ....

Rwy

{

Arkansas and Texas Ice

and Coal Co

Spring

. do... . - - .....

Montvale Springs .........

Driller

P M. Cranberry & Co .

}. .................

Authority

.do.... ...... . ...

. .do....... . . ...

Arkansas Lumber Co. . ..

permtendent

E L Wells.. . ... .. ..

.....do.............. . . .

W. J Rosborough, sr. .. .

.. ..do.... ...... . .....

Wm. Kennedyc. ...........

*For additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this table

" Lowers to 70 feet when pumped

6 Bull U s Geol Survey No 32, 1886, p 135.

e Marshall station, 366 feet.
NORTHEASTERN TEXAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 231

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

EASTERN; Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

6-4

6

6

4

6-4

Depth of 

well

Feet

1,860

216

300

600

J 386

| 360

100-1-

600

620

400

310

f 500-1-

1 90

208

f 60

1 ISO

1,000±

Spring

. do.

200

450

Spring..

Approximateelevition of 

surface

Feet

395

395

1

310±

330±

(')

250±

250 ±

0)

.. .. .

Height

of 

water 

above 

( + ) or 

below 

(-) the

ground

Feet

a- 8

-20

Flo\\s

Noflow

Noflow

-45

Flow

Noflow

-75

Depths of 

principal 

waterhearing 

strata

Feet

i 220

J 750 

( 1,700

150-216

350'

45-80

J 60-100

j 150-180

150

[ 150±

( 350

Yield per minute

Flow

On/1?

I

1

Large.

Small

Pump

Gallt

140

50

Not

any

Large

Large

80

25

til JO

eSO

Large

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Sabine

Nacatoch 

Sub-Clarksville

Sabine.. .

Sabine. ..

Sabine

Sabine. ..

do .

Sabine

Saljine'.

Sabine

Sabine

. . do...

Quality

Soft

. .do....

Chalybeate

Mineral .

Slightly

mineral

1

>

Alkaline

Chalybeate

do. .

Slightly

salty

Potash . .

Remarks

[Cawl to 400 feet, drilled 

1 in 1900

,

Local resort

do ... .. . .

Test for oil

(Water carries large

I amount of sand

No water . . . . .

Abandoned . .

Bit caught and well

abandoned

At Obyrne's switch.

Drilled in 1802

[Three \\clls, tempera1 ture 68° F

iThree wells

1

Sunk about 18QO by

waterworks contractor, seeking artesian water

Temperature 56° F ,

local resort

. . . ...

Test well for oil, mcom-

. plete

Local resort .

No

- 1072

1073

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

1080

1081

1082

1083

1084

I 1085

1086

1087

1088

1089

1090

I 1091

1

1092

d Without strainer

' With strainer

/Second Ann Kept Oeol burvey Texas, for 1890, 1891, pp 158-159

5 Op cit, p 159

1393 No 46 00- -17
232 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Wells and springs in southern Arkansas, northern

TEXAS(NOKTH

No

*1093

1094

*10%

1090

1097

*1098

*1090

*1100

1101

*1102

 110J

1104

1103

1100

mo?

1108

*1109

1110

Location

110PKINS COUNTY

Sulphur Springs ... . . .

HOUSTON COUNTS

Crockett ....

Kennard ... . . . .

TAHPLR COUNTY

Dooms Sal me ... ....

Oil Spring, Joseph Conn,

headnght

MARION COUNTY

Jefferson . . . ...

MORRIS COUNTY

Omaha, 4 miles from . .....

NACOGDOfHES COUNTi

Chireno. .- -. ...

. .do ...... . . .

Gamson . ...

Melrose, 1 mile south of

(E A Day place)

Oil City

do

Tolner.

PANOLA COUNTY

Co/art . .

POLK COUNT\

Moscow, 4 miles f i om . . . .

Valda, 5 miles west of. . - .

Viilda

Owner

Sulphur Springs .... . . . .

Maiy Alien Seminary. .....

Louisiana and Texas Lumber Co

J M Deware.......... . .

M C McCollum... ....

Mammoth Oil, Mineral, and

Land Co

General . ...

Lubricating Oil Co. .... .

Petroleum Prospecting Co

. do. . . . ' . .

Brown Springs...

T L Hackney ...

Driller

j

...

Authority

Wm B Baxter ... ..

J B Smith, pieMdcnt. .

J M Maitm, superintendent

A C Veateh .... .

..do . .

County clerk .... . .

M. C. McCollum.. .

Mammoth Oil, Mineral, and

Land Co "

Postmaster .

Joseph B Walkei &.

do. ..

.. .do . .

. ..do .... . .

B W Pye, postmaster. .

Joseph B Walkei «. ...

M T Hickman, postmaster

Win Kennedy d . . . .

A B Garvey, county surveyor

r additional data see "Descriptive notes," following this tame 

oGeol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, pp 126-127 

* Second Ann Kept Geol Survey Texas lor 1890,1891, pp. 270-286
NORTHEASTERN TEXAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 233

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

EASTERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

0-4

5-3

3

10

.. . -

Depth of 

well

Feet

1,514

630

1,065

'Shallow.

Spring

80±

800

100

877

Spring .

255

Spring..

70-100

375

Spring..

400-

543

1,000±

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Fret

400

350

190

.....

Height

of 

water 

above

below 

-) the

ground

Feet

-190

-105

Flows

Flows

. do .

Flows

Depths of 

principal 

\\ atorbearmg 

strata

Feet

H

110

fi30

382-462

200-400

1 36-95

f 195

[ 530-540

Fiows

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

Few . .

JO

 - 

Pump

Gall?

Small.

Not

used

Man>

SO

Large.

Not

any

Large

'

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Sabme?.

Saluno .

Nacatoch.

Sabme.

.do ..

. . do. .

Sabme .

Lafayette '

Catahoula'

Quality

Sulphureted

Alum ...

Brine..

Soft

Mineral. .

Sulphureted

Soft, sulphuret-

[ ed

Chalybeate

Sulphureted

I oiibear-

[ mg

Good . .

!

f 

Remarks

"We found no sand

worth developing "

Drilled in 1900

I'"

Fossils at 800 feet

Old salt works . .

Brackish w ater with gas

Water with oil, two

wells

Not used ... ....

1

Lui test wells for oil

)

Oil test well abandoned.

Oil spring .....

Several oil wells

Local resort.. .. . .

Well for sawmill .......

Abandoned.. fr . ....

No

1093

1094

1095

109b

1097

1098

1099

1100

1101

1102

1103

1104

1105

1106

1107

1108

1109

1110

cOp cit , p 251

d Bull U S Geol Survey No 212, 190 i, pp 54-55
234 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Weds and springs ^n southern Arkansas, northern

TEXAS(NORTH

No.

*1111

*1112

*1115 

1115A

1117 

nift

1119 

*1120

1121

1 100

1193

1124

1125

112b

*1127

Location

BED EIVFE COUNT!

..do ... . . ...

do . . ......

Kioinache ...

RUSt COUNTY

Stevons ... ...

SAEINE COUNTY

(Robinsons Ferry, IT miles

t lull

bAN AUGUSTINE COUNTY

Denning . ...

south of

SHELBY COUNTY

SMITH COUNTY

.do.. . .. ... ..

TITUS COUNTY

WOOD COUNTY

*

Owner

H J Hatch.. ....

S J Wright. .....

General .... . ... -

Martin Baysmger.. . . . 

East Texas Timber and Oil

Co

do ...

Driller

*

... ......

Authority.

..do .........

.do ... . ...

K J King, postmaster. ...

S J Wnght. . .

.do. .

H TT Thompson, county 

surveyoi

/ 

County surveyor. .. ....

*For additional data see "Descnptlve notes," following this table.
NORTHEASTERN TEXAS WELL AND SPRING RECORDS. 235

Louisiana, and adjacent portions of Mississippi and Texas Continued 

EASTERN) Continued

Diameter of 

well

Inches

]

I 6

4

b

-

-

6

4

0-4

..

6

 76i

6-3

Depth of 

well

feet

1,100

COO

1,400

1,800

561

301

200 ±

Spring.

.do....

. .do..--

1,975

700

415

900

500

60

500-600

1,207

300

1,200

Approximate elevation of 

surface

Feet

450

450'

260'

..... .

120

200

392

. . -

400±

Height

of 

water 

above 

(+) or 

below 

(-) the

ground

Feet

 50

Flow.

- 23

....

- -

- - -

Flow.

Flows

+ 30

- 80

Flows

- CO

-100

- 40

Depths of 

principal 

waterbearing 

strata

Feet

j 1,000

1 1,600'

508-561

301

1 1,010-

| 1,OJO

( 1,800

395-415

700

130-500

..

400

... ...

Yield per minute

Flow

Galls

..

.

)

J

L

do..

Large

.do..

Large.

3

. . ..

Pump

Galls

Large

..do

do

. .do..

80

Not

any

.. .

(")

100

Large

3

Geologic 

horizon 

of waterbearing 

strata

Woodbine . .

ISub-Clarks1 villo

Woodbine .

do.

Sub-Clarksvllle

. .

.. .. . .

Cockneld"..

Sabme.. .

.'do

.do.....

Sabme

.....

Quality

Brine. .

Good . .

Soft . .

Brine .

Salty . . .

Soft. ...

.....do....

Chalybeate

.do....

Brine ...

Clear and

pure

Soft ....

Soft and

very pure

Hemarks

Water accompanied

with natural gas

] Drilled in 1902 . ' .

J

Drilled in 1902 ....

Completed December,

1902

Drill broke and well

abandoned, drilled in

1892

Numerous springs ....

Many large springs. -

Stockman's Spring . . .

Sulphur Springs .... .

j

^Pleasant-tasting water

1

Oil test well .....

Drilled August, 1900...

Test well for oil . ...

Temperature, 63° F ..

. .

Abandoned ....

Test for oil, incomplete

Temperature, 70° F....

No

1111

1112

1113

1114A

1114

1115

1115A

1116

1117

1118

1119

1120

.. 1121

1122

1123

1124

1125

1126

1127

1128

1129

a Here apparently part of tlie f ossilrferous Claiborne 

6 Not tested
236 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ABKANSAS.

\

DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE.

1. Mr Maxwell states that on the western border of the county, along Big Bayou Meto, springs aie very 

few, wheieas on the eastern side, along the tributaries of White Rivei, they are numerous

3. Mi A IT Solkland rcpoits "There is an unlimited supply of a very fine quality of water for all 

purposes at ail average depth ot 100 feet There are, peihaps, 1,000 of these wells in and aiound this town, 

whose average cost, complete with iron pump, is $50

"Until about fifteen years ago water was obtained on this prairie tit a depth of from 30 to 40 feet by 

digging and curbing with wood, but now these shallow wells ha\e been entirely leplaced by the deeper driven 

wells This has impioved the healthfulness of our people "

4. Gunter Bi others report having completed a well in August, 1904, which showed the following section

Section of well at Stuttgart, Arkansas County, Ark

Port Hudson Feet

1 Loam and sand.... ... :...................... .. . ... 0-50

2 Blue olay.... ... .......... .... .............. .... .. 50-100

3 Gravel, water bearing....... ... . . ............. . ...... 100-115

6. Mr E A McNimm, foreman for the L B Cliffoid Well Company, adds the following data Sulphur 

water at 450 feet, vciy tkm deposit of rock salt at 600 feet, water-bearing sand, with salt water, 913-976 

feet The bait watei is pumped to supply the log pond

8. Section of well at couit-hovse, Hamburg, Ashley County, Ailt

Thickness in feet

1 Sandy soil.. _... ..... ........ ........... ... ........ ... .. .. 3-4

2 ('')----- ----- --- .....-.------ -. ... ... -.:. ----- ....... 23

3 White pipe clay.... ........... .. .. ......... ...... 10

4 .Red clay..... ..... . . .. ..... ... . .............. . ..... 3^6

6 Claystone concretions 01 geodeb, yellow without, red and even black wiihin

small and numeious, forming a pebble bed, from which an abundance of good

watei is obtained

"Specimens ot No 4, the red olay, were dug up from the mound where the mateiial had been placed 

after digging, and it was found to resemble piecisely the red sandy-clay deposits, or the so-called chocolate 

clays, along Arkansas Kivei The pebbles in No G are evidently the same as may be seen m various places 

in the fossihferous districts in noithern Bradley County They probably maik the upper surface of the 

undisturbed Tertiary of this place " «

9. A resident of Pine Prairie, which is from b to 8 miles east of Hamburg, says that in digging and drilling 

wells m this region one finds below the soil thick beds of joint clay and sand, and at a depth of 80 feet a pebble 

bed, some ot the pebbles of which are as laige as a hen's egg This gravel bed contains an abundant supply 

of water b

12. Owen < leports this as a strong alkaline sulphuret water, alkaline to test paper, and containing the 

following principal constituents Carbonate of alkahes, probably both soda and potash, sulphuret of alkalies; 

sulphate of magnesia (Epsom salts), and chloride of sodium (common salt)

13. Owend states that of seveial springs examined, the strongest gave Sulphate of magnesia (Epsom 

salts), sulphate of soda (Glauber's salt), chloride of sodium (common salt), carbonate of lime, carbonate of 

magnesia, carbonate of soda (a trace), and caibonate of potash

<» Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1892, A ol 2,1894, p 131

!> Ibid , p 130.

cSecond Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 140.

liOp clt.,B 142
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 237

17. Section of well of Bradley Lumber Company, Warren, Bradley County, Ark.

Feet

1 Clay........ .. .. . ........................................ 0-90,

2 Gray sand..... .... .. .. .. ....... ..... ................ 90-150

\

2O. Section of well on WiUiam Thompson's place, 1 mile south of Hampton, Calhoun County,

Ark (Owen)

Port Hudson

1 Clay

2 Gravel, with .streakb of red clay 

Eocene'

3 Pipe clay 

Eocene

4 Black dirt and lignite '

Total, 23 feet 

23. This well was abandoned because of the largp amount of fine sand which the water contained

27. Section of well of Arkadelphw Ice and Fuel Company, Aikaflelplua, Clark County, Ark.

[By I M Phillips ] 

_ 1-eet

1 Quicksand................................................. 0- 20

Aikadelphia and Nacatooh

2 Blue clay, somewhat sandy, this layer contains water which first 

flowed at 100 feet This water was fresh, salt water was 

encountered at 150 feet.................................. 20-160

Marlbiook and Brownbtown

3 "White rock coming up in little grains which look like coars,e

bait" (perhaps gypsum or chalk)......................... 160-166

4 Blue diit, bomewhat sandy, with salt water.................... 166-321

Bmgen

5 Sand, with artesian salt water................................ 321-

28. The depth to "water rock" near Beirne ranges fiom 167 to 170 feet Wells are generally svmk 

to a depth of from 10 to 12 feet below the rock

32. Mr Nelbon reports a slight amount of asphaltum, similar to that found at Gurdon, from beneath 

the water rock

4O. Mr Hondersoii Nelson has forwarded the following samples .

Samplei, from well oj Mri, Y G Thomas,, near Beirne, Clark County, Ailc

Aikadelphia clay Depth m feet

1 Ciystal of selemte.............................................. 25

2 Fragments of oyster shells.......................... ............ 30

3 Iron pyrites........................................ ... ..... 76

4-5 "Fragments of bhelh................................ ... ...... 106

Nacatoch sand

6 "Water rock," an impuie limestone ............. ................. 170

48o Section of well at Bntts Switch, Clarlc County, Ark

[By Henderson Nelson ] 

Quaternary Feet

1 Silt............ .......... ..... ...... .. ........ .... 0-8

2 Gravel, water bearing.... .............. .... . ....... ...... 8-18
238 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Feet 

Arkadelphia

3 Blue clay................................................... 18-66'

Nacatoch

4 Water rock and water-bearing sand............................. 66-90

A small amount of gas is reported in this well

50. Section of well of Burkell Lumber Company, Burtsell, Clark County, Ark.

[By H W Wade ] 

Quaternary Feet

1 Gravel.................................................... 0- 20

Nacatoeh

2 Black band................................................ 20- 50

3 Yellow sand, containing a little water, which rises to within 8 leet ' 

of the surface.......... ............................... 50- 55

Marlbrook

4 Bluibh lime rook......................................... .. 55-105

5 Clay, vanes from white to black and contains considerable rock,

no water. ............................................ 105-365

51. This laige group of springs at the Christian Church camp meeting grounds is reported to have 

various medicinal piopeities Brannpr gives the followmg, probably retelling to this locality u

"Mineral spring?, Clark Countj, are 2 miles noithcast of Antonie post-office, a quarter of a mile south 

of the military road, on the Amity-Okolona load 6 miles north ot Okolona Seven springs ibsue near each 

other and one larger spring a shoit distance away These springs aie well tiled and the large one has a 

cover The water issues hum a dark-colored sandy deposit, with streaks of black shale or clay, all of which 

are probably of Cietaceous ago. These beds dip to the south at an angle of 45 ° The place is used ab a local 

summer resort and camping place An open Methodist chapel, a dozen or more summer cottages, and frames 

for a number of tents have been built at this locality "

52. Mr. T M Ewmg states that the 4-inch wells around Curtis are about 150 feet deep and usually 

cost $30 without casing From 20 to 40 feet ot easing is required to reach the blue dirt 

The usual section is

General section of wells about Curtis, Clark County, Ark.

[By T 41 Ewmg 1

, , , Thickness 

Arkadelphia in feet

1 Soil............................ ............................. \- 2

2 Red clay, weathering product of bed below........ ............. 1J-40

3 Blue clay 

Nacatoch

4 Water rock.................................................. 1|- 4

5 Water-beaiing sand

54. Mi Monkern hab three wolls within 200 feet of each other, of these, two fuimsh salty water and 

the third fresh watei

67. Harris* gives, the following data "At Halt's Chapel, about 11 miles due south of Aikadelphia, 

wells penetrate bluish 01 black clay which yields impotable watei An artesian well 296 feet deep, after 

passing through a very hard blue rock 18 inches in thickness, immediately filled with very saline water 

that rises several feet above the surface of the ground " -

a Ann Kept Goal Survey Arkansas for 1801, vol 1, 1892, p 111

& Harris, G D , The Tertiary geology ol southern Arkansas Ann Kept Oeoi Survey Arkansas for 1892, vol 2, 

M, p 19
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPUING TABLE. 239

71. . Section of well 1 mile northeast ofDalevitte, Clark County, Ark.

[By A. M. Crow.J 

Quaternary: Feet.

1. Alluvium................................................. 0- 20

2. Gravel, with slightly salty water............................ 20- 32

Cretaceous:

3. Dark-colored clay....'..................................... 32-100

4. Rock.................................................... 100-101

5. Clay..................................................... 101-200

6. Rock.................................................... 200-

.. 7. Salt water.

8. Soft black material, thought to be aaphaltum..__............. 325-

9. Rock.................................................. %. 325-326

10. Sand, with artesian salt water (Bingen) ..................... 330-

72. Mr. Crow states that this was the site of a salt works in the early history of this section. Operations were begun in 1814 and were revived during the civil war.

74. Mr. J. J. Dunlop, postmaster at Do Gray, reports regarding this region: "The majority of wells 

in this immediate settlement furnish plenty of water. South and southeast across De Gray Creek water 

is scarce and of poor quality, often being quite salty. Salty water is also found from 1J to 2 miles north and 

west of De Gray." '

78. Mr. Henderson Nelson has forwarded samples of asphaltum obtained from this well from just below 

the water rock. As this well is one-half mile or more from the Witherspoon well (84), in which asphaltum 

has also been found, it shows that this occurrence covers a considerable area.

82. In the town of Gurdon the surface beds, which contain more or less water, are from 25 to 50 feet 

thick. This portion of the wells is always cased. Below is black clay which does not require casing. This 

is followed by hard sandstone from 6 inches to 3 feet thick, commonly called the "water rock," below which 

is water-bearing sand.

All wells in Gurdon formerly overflowed, indicating a water head of something over 210 feet, but since 

the installation of the large wells at the Grayson-McLeod Lumber Company mills many have ceased to flow, 

and flowing wells are now seldom obtained where the altitude is over 200 feet above sea level. The deep 

well of the lumber company indicates, however, that a slight increase of head can be obtained in these 

domestic wells b}' going 15 or 20 feet deeper.

83. In 1902 two attempts were made by the Grayson-McLeod Lumber Company "to sink a deep well. 

According to letters written to Mr. Grayson by the local management, the first hole reached a depth of 760 

feet and the second 710 feet. From these letters the following notes have been taken:

Partial section of first deep well of Grayson-McLeod Lumber Company, Gurdon, Claris County, Ark.

Feet.

1. Blue clay...................................................... 105-140

2. Black sand, with water......................................... 199-

3. Warm water.................................................... 225-

4. Hard substance "gravel bed".................................. 249-

5. Quicksand.-.-.-................--.....-..--.-----.-.-----.--.. -330

6. Blue clay..-...-..................._......--.-..-.-..-....--... 350-475

7. Gray mud, very thick and heavy. "Well is dry and water must be

put in to enable buckets to take up drillings"....-........._..._ 680-760

Partial section of second deep well of Grayson-McLeod Lumber Company, Gurdon, Clark County, ArTc.

	Feet.

1. Quicksand..................................................... 225-

2. "In sand, but water shut out"..-................................ 335-

3. Blue clay...................................................... 370-

4. Water, 1 gallon per minute. -.--..--.----_.__.----....._._.._.... 415-

5. " White slate" (chalk?)......-.-.....'.-.-.-'..................... 425-545

6. Caving material at............................................. 545-

7. Caving material at.............................................. 650
240 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Well as abandoned has 55 feet of 10-inch casing and 356 feet of 8-inch casing, which is split between 

200 and 225 feet to allow the inflow of water from the Nacatoch sand.

Mr. Peters, master mechanic, who superintended the sinking of the several 200-foot wells from which 

the company obtains its supply, and who watched the drilling of these deep wells very closely, gives the 

following record:

Section of 10-inch well of Grayson-M cLeod Lumber Company, Gurdon, Clark County, Ark.

Arkadclphia: Feet.

1. Blue clay.................................................. 0-200

Nacatooh:

2. Water-bearing sand......................................... 2.00-225

Nacatoch? and Marlbrook:

3. Black clay and quicksand................................... 225-320

Marlbrook and Brownstown:

4. Blue clay, furnishing a little water at 415 feet.................. 320-415

5. White slate (chalk marl outcropping at Okolona; "Saratoga

formation")-..----....-----.---.--------..--.--..--....- 415-554

6. Blue and white sand........................................ 554-585

7. Very soft blue clay......................................... 585-650

Mr. Peters adds that very large shells were obtained at 600 feet and that near this point there was a

small flow of salt water. Mr. Sellers, of the Qrayson-McLeod Company, gives the depth of the artesian salt

water as 710 feet.

The following analysis is stated to refer to the water from the Nacatoch sand at 200 to 225 feet, though

its general character suggests that it represents the lower water:

Analysis of water from 10-inch, well of Grayson-M cLeod Lumber Compcny, Gurdon, Clark County, Arlc.

[By St. Louis Sampling and Testing Company.]

Parts 

per million.

Total solids........................................................ 882. 4

Volatile solids...................................................... 44. 0

Thick solids........................................................ 28. 4

Silica.............................................................. 8.4

Sesquioxide iron and aluminum....................................... 3.6.

Lime.............................................................. 12. 0

Magnesia. ......................................................... 12. 9

Alkalies............................................................ 29.2

Sulphuric anhydride................................................. 4.9

Carbonic acid...................................................... 148. 4

Chlorine........................................................... 280.5

\ COMPOSITION.

Carbonate of lime................................................... 21. 4

Carbonate of magnesia............................................... 27. 0

Carbonate of sodium. -........-..-.--....----....-......."......--... 301. 4

Sulphate of sodium...;............................................. 17. 6

Chloride of sodium.................................................. 462. 7

84. Mr. Peters, master mechanic, reports that while the water from the 200-foot layer, the Nacatoch 

 sand, is highly alkaline, and causes considerable foaming unless the boilers are blown off regularly. He regards 

it as an excellent boiler water. For a time it was used in the engines on the Camden branch, but foamed so 

badly that it was abandoned.

The "water rock" is described as a hard sandstone, varying in thickness from 6 inches to 3 feet. It, as 

well as the underlying water sand, contains small fossil shells.
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 241

85. Section of test well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Chirdon, Clark

County, Ark

[ByC n Winters.!

Feet

1 Surface sand and clay...... ............................ 0 - 35

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay......... ................................. .. 35 -201

Nacatoch

3 Sandrock ("water rock")---............ ............... 201 -2013

4 Water-bearing sand with clay......... .......... ...... 201 3-225

"Well will not yield enough water to justify erection of pumping station and tank "

80. The "40-foot rock" was encountered m this well at 190 feet, and the "water rock" at 235 feet The

latter was so soft that it was not necessary to use a drill

87. Mr Nelson has tiansmitted a quantity of asphaltum obtained from beneath the "water rock" in

this well in 1903, with the statement, "Coal tai, like the sample sent, is, fouud in some wells just beneath the

'water rock,' but I have never been able to get more than a handful from any well "

93. This well passed through the 40-foot lock, and the dnllci estimates that watei would have been fouud

at the depth of about 355 feet It was abandoned because of the breaking of the tools

99. Mr R B F Key, the fornier owner of this well, reports "oily material like coal tar" just above the

water sand This is probably asphaltum like that found around Ourdon,

113. The following data are given by Owen a "An artcyan well at Mr Cdigill's, on the hill near Okolona, 

was bored through the following sti ata

Section of well at Okolona, Clark County, Ark 

[By David Dale Owen 1

Feet

1 Soil and subsoil..-.......-....- .. .. . . .. ... .. .... .. 0- 5

2 Gray 01 ash-eoloied marly limestone, containing black lossil Turnhtes, 

Ostrea, and other shells This is the so-called "blue lock" whioh prevails along nearly the whole depth of the boring. --.----.......... 305-308

_ 

" Watei was obtained at 300 leet, in a hard cellular sand rock, which, however, soon gave way and caved in ''

114. Captain East reports that the watei rises in this, well to within 15 feet of the suiface, but lowers on 

pumping to 115 feet The water was obtained in a giavel

116. The depth of this well, reported by the duller and paid for by Mr Hamilton, was 398 feet In 1900 

Mr Geo W Hmes, of Prescott, Aik , cleaned out the well and he reports the bottom at 250 feet Aiter this 

cleaning the quality and quantity ot the water was the same as it was when first finished

124. Section of well of SI Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Knobel, Clay

County, Ark 

[By C H Winters ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet 

1 Clay........... ........................... ................ 0-8

2 Sand and clay.. ................... ... ........ .^ .. . 8-20

3 Fine yellow sand, with watei.. ..... ............... ... . .. 20-38

4 Coarse sand and giavel--... ................... .......... .. 38-56

126. Section of well of Saline Lumber Company, Draughon, Cleveland County, Ark

[By S E tmmert ] 

Quaternary Feet

1 Sand and clay........... .................................... 0- 29

2 Gravel, with water, cased off.................................. 24- 32

Eocene

3 Blue clay.................. ----- ---- ..................... 32- 56

4 Lignite....-...........--.-----------------.---------------- 56- 60

5 Blue clay.... .............................................. 60- 95

6 Fine gray sand, not passed through............................ 95-117

<t Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, pp 123-124
,242 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

The 4-mch well was pumped for 60 days and nights at the rate of 183 gallons per minute without affecting 

the yield.

129. Partial section of well of H G Newton, Kingsland, Cleveland County, Ark

[ByH C Newton] 

Feet

1 Lignite........................................................ 81- 81

2 Lignite........................................................ 120-121

3 Water-bcaimg sand at.......................................... 160-

4 Water-beaung sand............................................. 180-200

137. Owen a- gives the following result of a qualitative analysis of this spring "Temperature of the air 

43°, of the water, 63° Bicarbonate of iron held in solution by some organic acid A small quantity of chloride ot sodium (common salt) "

139. Section of well of Louisiana and Arkansas Railway, Taylor, Columbia County, Ark

[By L B Clifford ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Yellow clay................................................. 0- 9

2 Red clay.................................................. 9-22

3 Fine red sand, with seep water............ .................. 22- 42

4. lied clay....................................... ........... 42-90

Sabmo (Eocene)

5 Blue joint clay............................................. 90-190

6 Blue sand, light water vein.................................. 190-202

7 Blue clay and hard rock.................................... 202-227

8 Gray sea sand, not passed through, good water vein............ 227-305

140. Section of well of Calvin Powell, Taylor, Columbia County, Ark

[By L B Clifford ] 

 Quateinary (Port Hudson)? Feet.

1 Red clay.................................................. 0-90

Sabme

2 Blue-clay rock............................................. 90-210

3 Alternate layers of clay and gray sand, containing water........ 210-275

141. Section of well ofNeimeyer Lumber Company, Waldo, Columbia County, Ark

[By L B Clifford 1

Feet

1 No lecoid...-.........................__............-... 0 - 296

2 "Coal" (lignite).......................................... 296 - 3007

3 No recoid............................................... 3007- 520

4 Water-bearing sand, water rose to within 70 feet of surface at.. 520 - 540

5 Dark-brownish clay, almost solid, with layeis like flint evciy

few feet............................................... 540 - 910

6 Clay.................................................... 910 - 960

7 Shells (Midway*) ........................................ 960 - 964

8 Hard clay............................................... 964 -1,000

9 No drillings brought up water very milky (probably chalky

limestone)............................................. 1, 000 -1,038

142. Section of ivett ofFordyce Lumber Company, Fotdyce, Dallas County, Ark

Lafayette* Feet

1 Soil and sandy clay......................................... 0- 22

2 Coarse gray sand, with some gravel, water bearing.............. 22-

« Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 135
DESCRIPTIVE KOTES TO WELL AND SPRIKG TABLE. 243

Eocene Feet

3 No record................................................. -318

4 Lignite.....-......---.---------------.--.------..--.--.--- 318-320

5. No record................................................. 320-365

6 Hard blue clay...... ...................................... 365-425

7 Water-bearing sand, rose to witbin 70 feet of the surface........ 425-450

8 No record.......... ...................................... 450-460

9 Veiy fine gray water-bearing sand, rose to within 70 feet of the

surface................................................. 460-502

Temperature of water from 4GO to 502 feet is 72 5° F Strainer 30 feet long

143. Section of well of DesTia Lumber Company, Arkansas City, DesTia County, Ark. 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Sandy clay................................................ 0-100

2 Sand, with bad water....................................... 100-105

Jackson and Cockfield

3 Blue clay.................................................. 105-550

4 Water-bearing sand......................................... 550-

144. Section of test lionnq No 2 at GJioctaw Bar, near Arkansas City, Deftha County, Ark &

[By E W Hilgarcl ] 

Alluvium reet

1 Light-brown clay, with raaceiated vegetable matter......... 0- 12

2 Fine clayey sand... ................................... 1 2- 23 6

3 Still clay, brown and sandy.............................. 236-505

Port Hudson

4 Fine gray sand, with lignite grains........................ 50 5- 87 4

5 Very smooth blue clay, with lignite grains................. 87 4- 88 4

6 Giayi&h sand.......................................... 88 V4- 89 5

7 Coal be sand, with gravel and lignite grains................. 89 5-104 7

8 Biowmsh-gray sand.................................... 104 7-118 1

9 Very coaise sand....................................... 118 1-121 3

10 No record............................................ 121 3-151 0

"Claiborne Teitiary " (Jackson)

11 Bluish clay, with crystals of pyrites and fragments of shells.. 151 0-165 5

12 Clayey marl, with greensand............................ 165 5-166 5

13 Stiff blue clay......................................... 166 5-173 0

14 Light-bluish clay, with greensand and shell fragments...... 17t> 3-185 1

15 Limestone, apparently a concietion...................... 185 1-185 2

"The other borings from the neighborhood of Choclaw Bar conespond closely to No 2, except that the 

thickness of the alluvial layei, as well as that of the underlying sand, varies from place to place In No 5 

the alluvium is thickest, 67 feet The suilace of the Tertiary seems to show a trough excavated to 40 feet 

below its highest point, cutting squarely ac'ross the two bends (Irom No 3 to No 2), as though indicating for 

a distance of 5 miles the direction of the ancient eroding cunent "

In 1901 Harris examined the specimens horn the Choctaw Bar boiings and identified the following species, which he regards as unquestionably Jackson b

"Bonng No 1 Venencardia planicosta, Dentalium (as at Hejena), Cadulus, Pleurotoma, Actseon, Tumtella (veiy small, umcannate at base), Plius TiiUi

"Bonng No 2 Phos Jiilli (labeled 'Buccinum' and 'Fusus magnocostatus'), Nahca (small), Pleurotonta 

infans, Lernfusus tmbeatus, OanceUana, Cnrlula (small, piobably wailesiana), Turntella chvelandia, Venencardia rotunda, Volutiliihes petrosus, Action, Galyptraphorus velatus (tip of, labeled ' Vassa cancellata')

"Boring No 4 Tumtetta (small, sharply bicannate), PJios TaUi, Olwa cf gracilw Lea, Nahca (small), 

Venencardia parva, Corbula wailesiana

oRept Miss River Com for 1881, 48th Cong , Ibt sess . House Ex Doc No 37, 1884, pp 489-190 

!> Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, PP 22-23
244 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

" Boimg No 5 Pseudohva vetusta, Natica (small), Pleurotoma denticula, Venericardia plamcosta, Tumtella (tip bicannate), Volutihthes petrosus Corbula wailesiana, Actseon " 

145. A bed of lignite is leported at about 480 feet

147. Section of well in public square at Monticello, Drew County, Ark a

[By David Dale Owen ]

Feet

1 Soil and su'bsoil................................................. 0-

2 Yellow clay

3 Red clay and a little sand........................................ - 20

i "Black dirt," a dark, sticky clay, containing fossil shells at 145 feet... 20-]faO

14§. The city well was completed in 18Q9, and in September of that year Mr T E Hammock, the acting postmaster, gave the following section

Section oj waterworks well at Monticello, Drew County, Ark

[By T E Hammock ]

Feet

1 No record..................................................... 0-500

2 Sea mud mixed with leaves, some of which wcie perfect-............ 500-555

3 Fine gray sand................................................. 555-575

4 Gravel and coarse band.......................................... 57«5-fc>04:

Well finished with a 30-foot stiamer

In 1902 the superintendent of the waterworks, Mr D A Tiammer, gave the following section.

Section of waterworks well at Monticelh, Drew County, Ark

[By D A Trammer ]

Feet

1 Blue clay...................................................... 0-497

2 Rock......................................................... 497-500

3 Water sand, not passed through.................................. 500-750

151. The following partial section of the deep well was furnished by the secretary of the Gates Lumber Company October 15, 1902

Partial section of deep well of Gates Lumber Company at Wilmar, Drew County, Ark

ieet

1 Water sand, gray sand with mica and black particles (developed in 5-

inch well at planer)......................................... 184-194

2 Lignite.........------1 ---... ................................... 300-

3. Water sand (15 to 20 feet thick)................................. 313-333

4 Water sand (developed in well at sawmill)......................... 400-500

5 Water sand, abundant supply of water, thought to be equal to that in

No 4...-.................----.-.-----...--...---......... 800-

154. Partial sedinn of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Cimway, Faulkner

County, Aik

Feet

1 Clay........................................................... 0- 3

2 Soft shale...................................................... 3- 10

3 Hard shale..................................................... ] 0- 50

4 Soft shale, water beaimg......................................... 50- 57

5 Hard shale..................................................... 57- 92

6 Shale--...----.--- .............----------.---.........--..---. 92-176

154A. Dr H M Rector reports "In a well drilled at this point in 1893 to a depth of 860 feet, water 

was struck at a depth of 40 feet The supply from this source amounted to from 12 to 14 gallons per mini « Second Keport of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, I860, p 143
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 245

ute, and did not increase with continued drilling Therefore, after attaining a depth of 860 feet, the well was 

abandoned The chaiacter of the rock was generally slate or shale, with now and then a little quartz and 

what I call a hard sandstone or quartzite "

156. Section nfwell of J B Ball, near Bell, Hempstead County, Ark

[ByJ B Dillon] [ "cot

1 Surface, sand and clay, caves readily. .... .............._.._.. 0-16

Brownstown

2 "Blue dnt," a daik-colored calcareous clay....-..---._.__..... 16-119 

Bingen

3 Lignite... ................................................ 119-127

 ! Red sandy clay, caves...................................... 127-135

5 Water-bearing sand-..................................... .. 135-

When completed the water in this well was quite soft, but when the iron casing decayed and the water 

came m contact with the "blue dirt," it became hard and highly mineral

159. Mr Bobbins writes. "The water was clear and cold and could be used when first drawn, but 

after standing a while a blue-looking scum would rise, which would stick to the hand Stock would not drink 

the watei Somewhere near 130 feet a strata of coal 10 feet thick was found "

160. Section of well of Hamson Robbins, near Bell, Hempstead County, Ark

[ByJ B Dillon]

Feot 

1 Surface band and clay, caves badly............................... 0- 35

Brownstown

2 Blue clay.................................................. 35-200

Bingen.

3 Lignite............................................... .... 200-208

4 Red clayey sand, caves................................. .... 208-230

5 Water sand........ ...........'....... ... ................ 230

164. Qualitative analysis oj water from Long Spring, Hempstead County, Ark.

[By Brackett and Smith ] a 

Magnesium (Mg)......................................1

Hydrochlonc acid (HC1)............................... |Chief constltuents

Sodium (Na)......................................... 1

Potas&mm (K)_....-..._........_....,..._.......___..

Calcium (Ca)......................................... Sma11cluantltlcs

Iron (Fe)............................................ J

Sulphuric acid (SO4 ).................................. Very little

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATION

Chloride of magnesia (MgCl2).......................... _ >

Sulphate of magnesia (MgSO4)......................... ./Chlefly

Chloride of soda (NaCl).............................

C' J6nde of potash (KC1)............................

Chloiide of lime (CaCl 2)_............................

Sulphate of potash (K2SO4 ). In smaller quantities

Sulphate of lime (CaSO4). 

Sulphate or oxide of iron.

"Total solids m solution, dried on water bath, 74043 parts per million Total solid material after ignition, 61.29 parts per million Upon ignition the solids burn brown and finally white, giving off white tumes 

with no decided odor The water is clear, odorless, and tasteless A slight yellowish sediment (iron hydroxide) is formed by the water "

oAnn Rept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1891, vol 1, 1892, p 110
246 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.,

170. Mr C B Moore reports that in this well a small amount of asphalt was encountered under the 

"water rock "

192. In this well three "water rocks" were penetrated before a flow was obtained 

194. Four or five rocks aie reported m this well below the "water lock "

198. Section of well of Albeit Moore, on Bed River south of Fulton, Hempstead County, Ark

[ByC D Hudson] 

Quaternary Feet

1 Reddish silty clay.......................................... 0- 20

2 Quicksand.. - ............................................. 20-60

3 Gravel...... ............................................. 60-80

Arkadelphia

4 Blue clay.... ............................................. 80-4M)

Nacatoch

6 Water-bearing sand........... ............................. 460-480

This section may be taken as typical tor the Moore, Shultz, and Ogden wells, the only factor varying 

being tlie blue clay

201. See No 198

202. See No 198

203. The first aitesian wells in Fulton had an average depth of 160 feet, and all overflowed It is now 

necessary to go below the second rock, or to a depth ot 165 feet, to get a satisfactory supply, and even then 

only the wells m tlie lowest parts of the town overflow Water in the wells, although standing higher than 

the water m the nvci, fluctuates with it (See p 80 )

Geneial section at Fulton, Hempstead County, Ark

[ByC D Hudson] ° 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Quicksand and clay............ ... ........................ 0-60

Arkadelphia

2 Black or blue clay.. ..........."......... .................. 60-100

3 Chalky gray lime... ....... ............................ 100-150

Nacatoch

4 Watei-bearing sand, with occasional layers of hard rock...... .. 150-180

2O6. The following results of analysis of watei fiom Fulton are quoted from Branner ",

Analysis of well water from Fulton, Hempstead County, Ark

[By Richard N Brackett ]

Pai ts per 

million

Total solids.....-....--.---....--.-.--..---....... .......... 9,177 57

Chlorine................................................... ... 1,098 5

Sulphm ic acid (anhydride)... .................. .............. . 381 5

Free ammonia.......--..-.---..----..----.-..--......... .. .. 220

Albuminoid ammonia ............................. ...... .... 156

Absence of notable quantities of lead, copper, or 11011

''A partial qualitative analysis of the water showed the presence of chlorides and sulphates of magnesia, 

lime, and soda The salts in solutions are mainly Sulphate of magnesia (Epsom salts), sulphate of lime (gypsum), sulphate of soda (Glauber's salt), and chloride of sodium (common salt) The amount of total solids 

alone is sufficient to render the watei unfit for dunking purposes

"The principal salts being chloride of soda and sulphates of soda, magnesia, and lime, indicates that this 

water comes fiom the Mesozoic salt beds of the same horizon as the salt waters east of Arkadelphia and the 

salt wells farther west "

Without knowing positively that this water was from the mam Nacatoch water-bearing lioiuon at Fulton, 

it is impossible to make a direct comparison, but it should be stated m this connection that the physicians

a Ann Kept Geol Survey Aikimsas for 1891, vol 1, 1892, p 137
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELT., AND SPRING TABLE. 247

and leading men concur in the statement that since the use of artesian water sicknejs has decreased over 50 

per cent

2O§. Section of well of Charles McNabb, north ufLodi Ferry, Hempstead County, Ark

[ByC D Hudson] 

Quaternaiy' - " Feet

1 Quicksand.-....--- ......................................... 0-43

Nacatoch

2 Hard lock................................................... 43-43 5

3 Water sand........ .........'................... .. ......... 43-96

212. Section of well of Dan HarTcness, bee 10, T 13 S , B £6 W , Hempstead County, Ark

[By C D Hudson 

Quaternary and Lafayette* Feet

1 Clay.............. ....................................... 0-30

2 Quicksand........................................ .. ..... 30-40

3 Gravel and quicksand................................ ...... 40- 52

Arkadelphia

4 Blue clay.................................................. 52-112

Nacatoch

5 Soft sandstone............................................. 112-114

6 Black sand................................................ 114-118

7 Very hard rock (water rock)................................. 118-121

8 Water-bearing sand............. ........................... 121-130

Layers 1-3 are commonly described as "suitace dirt "

213. Section of well of Dan Harknu,s, sec 3, T 13 S , B 3(1 W , Hempstead County, Ark

[By 0 D Hudson ]

Feet

1 Surface dirt (" caving dirt")................................. 0- 30

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay.................................................. 30-120

Nacatoch

3 Water rock....... ................................. ...... 120-123

4 Water sand.................. ............................. 123-133

214. Section of well of Dan Harlness, sec 11,T 13 S ,R £6 W , Uempstead County, Ark

[ByC D Hudson]

Feet

1 Surface clay (" caving dirt")................................. 0- 40

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay................................................. 40-170

Nacatoch

3 Water rock...........'..................................... 170-174

4 Water-bearing sand.......................................... 174-175

22O. Section of well ofOianqe Smith, sec 1,T 13 8 , B 36 W , Hempstead County, Ark

[ByC D Hudson]

Feet

1 Surface clay ............................................... 0- 30

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay.................................................. 30-271

Nacatoch

3 Black sand................................................ 271-273

4 Alternate layers of hard rock and soft sand ................... 273-285

1393 No 46 06 18
248 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

224. Section of well of Will Gilbert, sec 26, T 1% S , B 86 W , Hempstead County, Ark

[By 0 D Hudson.]

Feet

1 Surface sand and clay.................... .................... 0-17

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay.......... ....................................... 17-47

Nacatoch

3 Black sand.................................. ............... 47-51

4 Water rock, very hard quaitzite......... ..... ............... 51-54

5 Alternate layeis of hard and soft &aud containing watei........ 54-97

225. Section of well of John Gilbert, sec 23, T 12 S , E 26 W , Hempstead County, Ark

[By C D Hudson 1

x Feet

1 Surface clay and sand..................... ................... 0-29

2 Fine gravel- ......................... . ............... .... 29-31

Nactttoch

3 Blue sand, with watpr ................................ ....... 31-51

4 White watpr-bcaiing sand..................................... 51-67

226. Section, of well at Liberty schoolhouse, sec HJh T lH S , B 36 W , Henpstead County, Ark

[By C T> Hudson ]

icet

1 Sui face sand and clay................. ......... ............. 0-17

Arkadplphia

2 Black clay..... .. ............................... .......... 17-23

Nacatoch

3 Soft sandstone............................................. . 23-25

4 Black sand.. ................. . ............ .............. 2,5-45

5 Hard rock..... ............. .. ............ . ..... ...... 45-47

6 Water-beai ing sand....-..-.-. ... .... ......... .......... 47-54

227. Section of well of John Gilbert, sec 24, T 12 S , R 26 W, Hempstead County, Arl

[By C D Hudson 1

Feet _

1 Sui lace clay......--.......--..-.--..-...-......--.--.- ...... 0-20

Nacatoch''

2 Quicksand.... ... ................................... ...... 20-40

Naoatoch

3 Wt tor rock.. . .......................................... .. 40-42

4 Water-bearing sand........-...-..-..-.. ............. .... .. 42-53

244. Section of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Bailway, at Guernsey, Hempstead Cmtnty,

Ark

Feet

1 Sand.............. ....................................... 0-10

Aikadulphia

2 Soft clay........................................... ...... 10-40

3 Haid blue clay .......... ................................. 40-300

Nacatoch

4 Sandstone, water-bearing.................................... 300-460
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPBING TABLE. 249

Analysis of water from weU ofSt Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Guernsey, Hempstead County, Ark

' [By Edward H Keiser ]

Parts pur million

Total solid residue............................................. . . 388 94

Loss on ignition............................................. . . . 21 55

Fixed residue............... . . ......... ................ ....... 367 39

Calcium carbonate..... .. ..--.-.. . ... . .. ................... 207 08

Calcium sulphate........................... . .................... 63 13

Sodium chloride................................................... 44 37

Sodium carbonate............. ................................ ... 52 21

"This is very good soft water, it leaves but little residue on evaporation It will woik well in steam 

boilers, in shoit, it is an unusually good boiler watei "

246. Section of well of Frank Jell, 1 mile west of Guernsey, Hempfitead County, Arl

[By D E Cornelius ]

Feet

1 Surface clay and saiid. -..---...---. - - .................. 0-30

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay-............................................... 30-302 5

Nacatoch

3 Soft sand... ........................................... 302 5-304 5 '

4 Black sand. ............................... .. . .. 304 5-308 5

5 Very hard rock..... ............ .. ... .... . .. .... 3085-311

6 Water-bearing sand...----. ..---------.-------.-----. --- 311 -327

261. Owen" gives the following pimcipal constituents of this water Chloride of sodium, carbonate

of soda, sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, traces of carbonate of lime and magnesia, and tiace ot tree

sulphureted hydrogen

321. Section of well at Hope, Hempstead Counlif, Ark

[By T M Phillips ]

Feet \

1 Clav, ranging from gray to yellow, contains some sand, caves

readily...................................-.._............ 0- 45

2 Thin layei of lignite, with selemte crystals..................... 45- 47

Arkadelphia

3 " Blue dn t" and very dark-colored stiff clay................... 47-3f>4

Nacatoch

4 Black sand, with fossil shells.................................. 364-374

5 Water rock........ ............... ...................... 374-375

6 Water-bearing sand, with layers of rock.................... .. 375-445

Marlbrook

7 Blue clay, no water................... ............. ...... 445-950

 322. Repoit of Scheuman & Bros , consulting engineers, July 26, 1899 "The new well is 9 inches in 

diameter from 0 to 400 feet, and 5 inches fiom 400 to 500 feet Rock, 'watei rock,' was encountered at 

400 feet Well is cased with 7-inch casing 400 feet long, and has a 5-inch water pipe 2&0 feet long set in it 

Water rises within 66 feet of the surface by actual measurement Test in July, 1899, for thirty-six minutes 

yielded 144 4 gallons per minute "

Report of M T Chapman, January 4, 1900 "Depth to water, 69 feet 10 inches Test from 5 04 to 8 35 

p m , at the rate ot 170 gallons per minute, lowered 66 leet "

332. Water-bearing sand was encountered m this well at a depth of 260 feet, from which the water 

rose to within 2 feet of the sutface, but hoping to obtain flowing water, the well was drilled to a depth of 

400 feet The water sand was entirely penetrated without any increase ol head

« Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 118
250 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

34O. Analysis of water from the Arkansas Lithw Spring, 4J miles southwest of Hope, Hempstead County,

Arlc

[By Muelher ]

Parts per million

Magnesium sulphate................................................ 185 31

Calcium sulphate.................................................. 200 94

Stiontmm sulphate................................................. 23 89

Lithium cai bonate................................................. 109 087

Sodium chloride................................................... 347 49

Potassium chloride ................................................ 69 05

Magnesia chloride.................................................. 6 91

Iron oxide........................................................ 209 75

Magnesia iodide.................................................... 26 31

Magnesia boratp......... ......................................... 1 36

Iron crcnate....................................................... 1 98

Silica........................................................... . 57 88

Alumina ......................................................... 15 95

Analysis of water from Liffiw Spring, Hompstt-ad C'ounty, Ark. °

i Parts per million 

Silica (SiO2) ............_........\.............................. 81 05

Sodium (Na).................................................... 155 27

Potassium (K)................................................... 17

Magnesium (Mg).......................................... ...... 64 30

Calcium (Ca).................................................... 75 24

Lithium (Li) (the spectroscope shows a stiong lithium line)............

Iron (Fe)....................................................... 17 65

Aluminum (Al).................................................. 5 81

Sulphuric acid (SO4 ) ............................................. 175 10

Caibomc acid (CO3), calculated.................. A................ 82 25

Chlonne(Cl).................................................. .. 114 57

Oxygen (basic)...... ........................................... 21 55

Organic matter.................................................. 135 26

Total solid material m solution.............................. 1,157 00

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATION.

Silicate of soda (Na2SiO3 ) .................................'......... 164 50

Silicate of potash (K2SiOj) ......................................... 34

Chloride of soda (NaCl)............................................. 236 32

Chloride of magnesium (MgCl,)....................... .............. 190 32

Cai bonate oi lime (CaCO3 ).......................................... 137 14 

Sulphate of magnesia (MgSO4 )........................................ 81 22

Sulphate of lime (CaSO4 )............................................ 69 25

Sulphateof iron (FeSOj)-------------------------------------------- 48 05

Sulphate of alumina (Al2 (SO4 )j) ............."........................ 36 59

Organic matter.................................................... 135 26

"The water is clear, but has a brownish-yellow coloi, and contains much organic matter A slight 

sediment was formed in each bottle "

341. The well referred to was drilled for Julius City, and is situated about 100 feet west of the depot. 

No satisfactory data regarding its depth have been obtained From one source it was reported 300 feet, from 

another 480 feet The latter more nearly agrees with the depth indicated by the general dip of the beds in 

this region

The following approximate section has been furnished by Mr J B Dillon

a Ann Kept Geoi Survey Arkansas for 1891, vol 1 1892, p 62
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 251

Section of well of Julius Oily, Ozan, Hempstead County, Ark

[ByJ B Dillon]

Thickness in feet.

* 1 Weathered surface beds....................................... 35

Brownstown

2 Blue clay 

Bmgcn

3 Lignite...................................................... 10

4 Very red clay............................ ................. . 10

5 Watci sand

342. The following results ol a qualitative examination of the well water of J D Momsett are given 

by Owen « "This water is strongly impregnated with the sulphate of magnesia, which is its characteristic 

ingredient, along with some chloiide of sodium, bicarbonate of lime, bicarbonate of magnesia, and carbonate 

of alkali This water is verv similar to the celebrated Harrodsburg water in Kentucky "

351. Section of well of J W Bymm, near Spring Ihll, Hempstead County, Ark,

[By C D Hudson ]

Feet

1 Surface clay and sand....................................... 0- 54

Arkadelplna

2 Blue clay.................................................. 54-407

Nacatoch

3 Sand and rock with artesian water........................... 407-427

356. In a letter dated June 26, 1899, Mr Meredith gives the following section of this well

Section of vtell at Washington, Hempstead County, Art.

[By S R Meredith] 

Nacatoch' Feet

1 Sand. ... ................. .............................. 0- 4 /

2 Red and yellow joint clay................................... 4- 24

Naeatoch ,

3 Quicksand.............................. .................. 24- 54

4 Sandstone...... ............ ........................... . 54-103

5 Quartzitic sandstone............................... ... .... 103-104

6 Water-bearing sand.... ............ .. ........... .. ..... 104-105

Marlbrook and Biownstown?

7 Blue clay, no water... ........... ............... . ... 10.5-750

The water irom the sands p,bove the blue clay stands within 35 feet oi the suiiace

357. The general geologic stiucture and the record ot the deep well (356) given above indicate that 

this well obtained its supply fiom a depth ol less than 105 teet

358. Owen& reports that the watei from a well on "Lowry's lot, on the north edge of the town of Washington," was tested and the constituents found to be " Protoxide of iron, partly held in solution by carbonic 

acid, and partly by an organic acid, chloride of sodium, traces of sulphate of soda and magnesia, bicarbonate 

of lime, bicarbonate of magnesia, carbonate of alkali "

361. Owen ogives the following qualitative analysis of this water Chloride of sodium, a trace of bicarbonate of lime, a trace of bicarbonate of magnesia

362. Section of well on Walker farm, near Yancey, Hempstead County, Ark

[By S B Meredith]

Feet

1 Weathered clay........................................... .... 0-30

2 Blue marl.... . ........... ......... .. .................. 30-300

3 Lignite............ ....... .................................. 300-301

4 Blue marl, with layers of shells and masses of iron pyrite, no water.... 301-700

a Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 118 

i> Op cit, p. 117.
252 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

362A. Section of well of Wisconsin-Arkansas Lumber Company, 1 mile south of Malvern,

Hot Spring County, Ark

[By G S Smith,foreman]

Feet

1 Gravel..........-.----- ...................................... 0-32

2 Blueclay....................... ..... ...................... 32-44

3 Lignite...... ................................................ 44-47

4 Blackclay.........-.--....--..-..-..------------.-------.- - 47-54

5 Hard limey rock-...--..-....--.--.---...--. ........ ......... 54- 59

6 Blackclay... ................................................ 59-82

7 White clay-------------------------- -------- -------- .....:. 82-112

8 White sand containing a little water............... ........ ..... 112-124

9 Black clay, with stones..................................... ... 124-170

10 Hard white quartz, dpscnhed as a ledge....-......... ........... 170-210

11 Black clay, with bowlders and some fossil shells,....... ...... ... 216-330

12 Ledge of white quaitz....... ................. ....... ........ 330-369 (

13 Blackclay..... ............................. .... ...... ... 369-420

14 Black shale.......................................... .. ..... 420-478

3G2B. Section of well of William Eilpatndc, ^nea> Malvern, Hot Spring County, A>k

[By A H Purdue ]

Feet

1 Gravel.......... ............................................. 0- 14

2 Clay-..-........-......-..........-.....---.-..-..-..-........ 14- 34

3 Fuller's earth (blup mud)....................................... 34-103

4 White flinty rock (sandstone, with some pynte).................... 103-250

37O. Section of well of W A Coleman & Bra , Allbrook, Howard County, Ark

[By S R Meredith ]

Feet

1 Caving clay......................... ..................... 0-25

Brownstown

2 Blue marl, with thin layer of coal just above rock.............. 25-460

Bingen

3 Water-hearing sand........................................ 460-465

4 Blue marl................................................. 405-480

5 Rock..:.................................................. 480-481

6 Water-bearing sand ........................................ 481-500

Watei from second watei-bearing stratum will not rise any highei than that from the first

374. Mi Johnson writes "The wateris so muddy it can not be used for anypurpose but stock,and they 

like it"

375. Section of well of Wilson & Walker, sec 15, T 11 S ,R 27W , Howard County,Ark

[By S R Meredith ]

Feet

1 Weathered clay............................................ 0- 15

Annona

2 Whitechalk.. ............................................ 15-

Brownstown

3 Blue mail with shells....................................... -380

Bingen

4 Rock (probably limestone).................................. 380-

5 Water-bearing sand, water rises just to ground level

6 Blue marl................................................. -430

7 Rock..................................................... 430-

8 Sand, with artesian water
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPBING TABLE. 253

378. Section of well of Alien Rose, sec 17, T 11 S , E 27 W , Howard County, Ark

[By Alien Rose ]

Feet

1 Weathered clay......... ................... ............ 0-19

Brownstown

2 Blue marl.............................................. . 19-320

Bingen

3 White sand and small gravel ...................*... ........ 320-340

"The well flowed for about three years and then the watei sank about 16 feet, or to 8 feet below the surface 

of the ground "

382. It is reported that two water rocks were encountered and that the flow was materially increased 

by passing thiough the second

3§4. Mr Smith reports that the water from this well at first rose 10 feet above the surface 

386. Mi R W Smith, who has had quite an extensive experience m drilling m this section, gives the 

following general information "The formations encountered are from 10 to 40 feet of soil and red clay, below 

which is white chalk rock This chalk formation becomes dark blue and softer at depths of 75 or 100 feet and 

continues thus, inteispersed \\ ith a few lime shells or like substances, until a hardpan is reached which overlies 

the water Just at this point theie is a thin stratum of lignite Under this there are about 100 feet of firm, 

porous, watei-bearmg sand lock If all of this is opened up the yield is greater than if it is not The nonflowmg \velk, yield an abundant supply, but from 50 pei cent of them the water is muddy if they are not cased below 

the coal stratum All the wells in this region should be cased to the water-bearing sand "

394. Analysis of vtater from Mineral Springs, Howard County, Ark

[By A E Menke ]<J

Parts per million 

Silica (SiO2) ...................................................... 32 67

Sodium (Na)........ .. ......................................... 9 58

Potassium (K)........ . ......................................... 103

Magnesium (Mg)...... ...................... .................... 017

Calcium (Ca)........ ........................ .... .. ... ........ 154 ,

lion (Fe)...........v................................ ............ 17

Sulphuric acid (SO4)............................................... 068

Carbonic acid (CO3 )........ .................................. .... 14 88

Chloune (Cl)............................. ... .................... 137

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATION 

Silica (SiO.)...................................................... 32 67

Chlonde of soda (NaCl)............................................ 4 66

Chloiide of potash (KC1)........................................... 17

Caibonate of soda (Na2CO-,) -...-..--......-.-....--.--.--...--..-.. 17 44

Carbonate ot lime (CaCO3).......................................... 8 04

Carbonate of iron (FeCO,)-- ....................................... 34

Sulphate of magnesia (MgSO4 )...................................... 086

Sulphuieted hydrogen (H,S) ... . ................................. Trace

39§. Section of veil of G apt D P Terry, Nashville, Howard County, Ark

[Bv S R Meredith 

Bingen formation Feet

1 Quicksand............................................... 0 - 60

2 Bluemail............................................... 60 -120

3 Rock................................................... 120 -1205

4 Water-beatmg sand.. .................................... 120 5-121

5 Mail............. ...................................... 121 -131

6 Rock.......-..------..--..-.........................---- 131 -132

7 Water-bearing sand

a Aim Kept Geol Sunev Arkansas for 1891, vol l,1892,p 66
254 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

%

401. Between 280 and 300 feet a small supply of hard water was encountered

402. Section of well of Thomas L Jones, sec 35, T 11 S , R 87 W , Howard County, Ark.

[By Thomas L Jones ]

Feet

1 Soil......................................................... 0- 1

2 White chalk (Saratoga formation Bianner)"................... 1-15

3 Very hard blue marl.,......................................... 15- 45

4 Very soft blue marl *......................................... 45-200

5 Alternating soft and hard blue-marl beds....................... 200-465

6 Alternate beds of lignite from 4 to 10 feet thick, between which

were beds ol sand, not watet bearing....................... 465-750

7 Coaise white and black water-beatmg sand, with interspersed hard

flint lock ............................................... 750-787 6

8 Very haid flint rook, not penetrated............................ 787 6-

403. It is stated that this well was pumped for six days with a steam pump connected with the gin 

without any perceptible change in the supply No gagmgs were made to determine the exact amount of 

water dehveied

IO4. Section of well at Sahne Landing, Howard County, Ark

[By J C Branner ]

Feet

1 Soil and clay.................................................. 0- 25

2 Brown sand................................................... 2.5- 26

Annona

3 White chalk................................................... 26-166

Brown stown

4 Blue mail..................................................... 166-456

Bingen 

5 Sandy bed, with pynte, furnishes artesian water............... 456-

Quahtatwe analysis of water from artesian well at Saline Landing, Howard County, Ark

[By A E Menke ]6 

Silica (SiO2)

Chloride of soda (NaCl) ] 

Carbonate of hme (CaCOO/Large qUantlty

Carbonate or sulphate of potash (K2CO3 or KjSO.,), trace, most probably K2SO4 

Sulphate ot magnesia (MgSO4 ), the mcicbt trace

Water collected by J C Branner, December 20, 1891 Total solids in solution, 90 41 grains per United 

States gallon

It may he noted as rather peculiar that this well shows a laige quantity of carbonate of lime, while the othei 

deep wells of tbe region unifoinnly furnish soft alkaline watei Perhaps the caibonate reported m this water 

is in the foim of sodium carbonate

4O5. Section of well three-fourths mile northeast of Saline Landing, Howard County, AiJc

[By J C Branner J «

Feet

1 Soil...................................................... 0- 1

Annona

2 White chalk............................................... 1-111

Browiistown

3 Blue marl................................................. 111-388

Bingen

4 Sand, with pyrites, water bearing............................ 388-

iTwenty-second Ann Kept U S Geol Sur\p\ pt 3,1902,]) 714 

6 Ann Kept Geol Survey Arkansas for 1891, vol 1,1892, p 105 

"Trans Am Inst Mm Eng , vol 27, 1898, p 52
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 255

4O9. Section ofwett at Dexter, Jefferson County, Ark

Feet

1 Sand................... ....................................... 0-85

2 Sandstone............... ....................................... 85-86

3 Water-bearing sand.................... ......................... 86-

411. Section of well at $t Louis Southwestern Railway shops, Pme Bluff, Jefferson County, Ark

[By R M Galbraith ] 

Quatcrnaiy (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Alluvial deposits........................................... 0- 30

2 Sand, with considerable water, very ferruginous and alkaline.... 30- 42

Eocene

3 Blue clay................................................. 42- 72

4 Black clay................................................ 72-500

5 Limestone rock............................................ 500-505

6 Black clay................................................ 505-890

7 Coarse giavel and sand, water bearing........................ 890-

The water is excellent for boiler purposes, making no scale Its use has produced a marked decrease in 

the percentage oi sickness among the employees at the shops

412. The first wells oi the Pine Bluff Water and Light Company were from 70 to 90 feet deep and were 

abandoned, as the water was very ferruginous The deep wells were sunk in 1898, and Mr F G Bridges has 

transmitted the following lecord by the driller

Section of well of Pine 'Bluff Wader and Light Company, Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Ark

[By W B Sharpe ] *

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Clay...................................................... 0- 35

2 Very coaise sand...................... .................... 35-110

Eocene

3 Blue clay..................................... ........... 110-350

4 Sand and \\ater............................................ 350-354

5 Hard clay.. .............................................. 354-803

6 Lignite................................................... 803-848

7 Hard rock................'................................. 848-854

8 Sand..................................................... 854-864

9 Water sand................................................ 864-915

The water level, as reported by Mr Bndgesm 1899,wa=i31 feet fiom the surface In 1900 the supermtenddent gave it as 46 feet, and added that when they were pumping 1,000,000 gallons per day it lowered to 100 feet

Analysis of water from deep well of Pine Bluff Water and Light Company, Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Ark

[Ry Edward H Kaiser ] Parts per

million

Total whdb.. ................................................... 106 40

Free ammonia.................................................... 230

Albuminoid ammonia.......--..----------.........---...--....... 125

Nitrites......................................................... 180

Nitrates. ---......-...-...-.----------..-..--.-.-------.-.-.-.--. None

Chlorides..................-.---.-.--. j-......................... None

415. Record of well of Pine Bluff Ice Company, Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Ark

[By Jeff Hieks ] 

Quaternary (Poit Hudson) Feet

1 Sand and red mud, passing below into gravel.................. 0-100

Eocene

2 Blue clay, no water.............. ......................... 100-300
256 GEOLOGY AND UNDEEGEOUND WATEE OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Water was obtained only fiom the gravel above the blue clay, but the well was sunk to a depth of 300 feet, 

in older to furnish underground storage and that an an lift might be used to greater advantage

415 A. Section oj well of Arkansas Cotton Oil Company, Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Ark

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Surface.....----------..-------.--.---------.-.----------- 0-87

Eocene

2 Cla.y............................................r......... 87-413

3 Water-bearing sand........................................ 413-417

4 Very hard blue clay........................................ 417-806

5 Water-bearing sand........................................ 806-826

416. Record of test well oj St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Redfield, Jefferson County, Ark

[By C H Winters ]

Feet

1 Surface.................................. ..... ........ 0-16

Jackson \ - ,

2 Marl.................................................... 16- 30

3 Hard blueclay............ .............................. 30-00

4 Hard blue clay, with many fossil shells...... ............... 60- 85

Eocene

5 Blue clay, with occasional bowlders and thin beds of lignite...... 85-404

G Water-bearing sand, water rises to within 60 feet of suiface and 

^ f urm&hes 20 gallons per minute............................ 404-412

7 Blue clay, with lignite........... .......................... 412-545

418. Section of well of H Smith, near Bradley Station, Lafayette County, Ark a

Feet

1 Soil and sand. ................. ......................... 4 .. 0-18

2 Red clay.......... . .... ................................. 18-27

3 Light sand, with \\ ater....................................... 27-37

419. Section of well of Red River Lumber Company, Frostmtte, Lafayette Comity, Ark

i

[By L B Clifford ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) . rout

1 Yollow clay........... ...'................ .............. 0- 9

2 Red clay. ................................ .... ....... .. 9-22

3 Redsand........ ............................... ....... 22-40

4 Red clay, passing below into red sand ........ ............. 40- 83

5 Gravel.................................... ............... 83-85

Sabine

6 Blue clay........ ........ ..................... .......... 85-112

7 Gray water-bearing sand, water rises to within 36 feet of the surface.................................................... 112-120

8 Clay and rock............................................. 120-140

9 Water-bearing sand, water does not rise quite so high as in layer

No 7 .................................................. 140-160

10 Blue clay and rock........................................ 160-364

11 Water-bearing sand, water rises to within 54 feet of the surface.. 364

Water from stratum No 11 is of very poor quality and supply is diawn from layers 7 and 9 The 6-inch 

well was completed in 1902

"Ann Ecpt Geol Survey Arkansas for 1892, vol 2,1894, p 83
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 257

4 2O. Section of well of Bed River Lumber Company, Kelly, 2 miles west of New Lemsmlle, Lafayette County,

Ark

[By L B Clifford ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) , Feet

1 Red clay............................................... 0 - 19

2 Red sand............................................... 19 - 58

3 Red clay, with or casional layers of rock (probably concietions). 58-70

4 White sand............................................. 70 -75

5 Gravel.................................................. 75 -79

Sabine

6 Very tlnn rock........................................... 79 - 79 4

7 Blueclay............................................... 79 4-170

8 "Soapstone" (hard blue clay)............................. 170 -

9 Packed sand............................................ -204

10 Gray water-bearing sand, water rose to within 30 feet of surface................................................. 204 -234

11 Blue clay and rock. ......f............................... "2&^ -300

12 Watci-hearing sand, water rose to within 32 feet of surface.. 300 -320

13 Blue clay, containing hgnitized wood at 340 feet, and occasional layers of hard bluish rock........................ 320 -468

14 Dark-blue water-bearing sand, water is strongly charged with

H2S, and rose to within 44 feet of sui face......... ...... 468 -480

Midway' t

15 Clay..--.....---------.- .--...-....---.--.-----....-. 480 -502

421. Section of well of L B Clifford, New Lewisville, Lafayette County, Ark

[By li B Clifford 1

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Red clay................. ................................. 0-19

2 Redsand........ . .................................... ... 19-58

3 Dark-red elay with occasional concretions................: ..... 58-70

4 White sand......................................... ...... 70-75

5 Gravel, water bearing-------- ......... ......... .......... 75-79

The majority of the wells in the flats extending from New Lewisville to the State line obtain their water 

from this gravel bed, which separates the youngci terrace deposits from the older beds of the Sabine formation

422. Section of well of Sim Owen, 8 mile? south of New Lewnsmlle, Lafayette County, Ark

[By L B Clifford ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Red clay...... ............................................. 0-36

2 White sand and gravel.. ..................................... 36-44

424. Section of court-house well at New Lewisville, Lafayette County, Ark

[By L B Clifford.]

Quaternary or Lafayette' Feet

1 Surface gravels, not water-bearing............................ 0- 30

Sabine

2 Blackclay... ........................................... 30-223

3. Water-bearing sand........................................ 223-240
258 GEOLOGY AND UJSTDERGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

426. Section of well of Lemsinlle Lumber Company, r> miles north of New Lewswlle, Lafayette County, Ark.

. [By J M Phllhps ]

Quaternary? Feet

1 Quicksand, no gravel...._.....,............................ 0- 50

Sabme

2 Blue clay.................... .. ........................ 50-150

3 Water-hearing sand....... ......... ........... .......... 150-200

427. Section of well of Bodcau Lumber Company, Stamps, Lafayette County, Ark

[By L B Clifford ]

Feet

1 Yellow clay. .............. ............................. 0 - 9

Sabme

2 Blueclay...................... .......... ............. 9 -50

3 Rock............................ ... .................. 50 -51

4 Blue clay, with a lew fossil shells, and occasional rocks........ 51 -233

5 Gray sand, containing every 10 to 20 feet a thm layer of white, 

chalk-like rock, sand is water-bearing and increases m coarseness with depth ....................................... 233 -345

6 Rock................................................... 345 -3495

7 Blueclay, with occasional layers of rock (probably concietions). 349 5-370

8 Dark sand containing sulphui water........................ 370 -415

Completed September, 1902

433. Mr J A Remhardt reports "This well was never used, as the lumber camp for which it was 

intended was moved before the well was finished Strata (1) Dark sandy soil, (2) red clay subsoil, (3) joint 

clay, (4) blue clay ''

434. Section of well of J B Bowles, AtJidown, Little River County, Ark

[By J E Bowles ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) ? Feet

1 Clay..'.....................--.-..-..-..-......-.--.-....--. 0-10

2 Sand........ .............................................. 10-19

3 Clay....................................................... 19-25

4 Quicksand, parsing into gravel................................. 25-70

436. Sanitary analysis of water from artenan well in nee '27, T 13 S ,B 27 W , Little River County, Ark a

[By Kicharcl N Bracket! ]

Parts per million 

Total solids, dned at 275° F (134° C )............................. 5,107 1

Chloime (Cl)................................................... 2, 828 9

Sulphuric acid (S04 ).............................................. None

Iron (Fe)................................................... Slight traoe

Free ammonia................................................... 13 1£

Albuminoid ammonia............................................ .21

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATION

Silica (Si02 )..................... Small quantity

Chloride of soda (NaCI)........... Chief constituent

Chloiide of potash (KC1).......... Tiaces

Chlonde ol hthia (LiCI)...........

Chloiide ol lime (CaCI2 )........... Small quantity

"Ann Eept (Jeol Survey Arkansdi for 1801, vol l,1892,p 109.
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL 'AND SPUING TABLE. 259

Chloride of magnesia (MgCl 2)...... Trace (?)

Carbonate of magnesia (MgCO3) .... Very small quantity.

Carbonate of lime (CaCO3)......... Small quantity.

Organic matter, nitrogen...;...... Large quantity, indicated by the free and

albuminoid ammonia.

44O. Section of well of Frank Harkness, sec. 8, T. H S., B. 88 W., Little River County, Ark.

I

[By S. R. Meredith.]

Quaternary. (Port Hudson): !>ect.

1. Quicksand and gravel-..................................... 0- 60

Arkadelphia:

2. Blue marl................................................. 60-200

Nacatoch:

3. Alternate layers of water-bearing sandstone and marl beds...... 200-300

443. Section of well of Hudson River Lutnoer Company, Hudson, Little River County, Ark

[By L. B. Clifford.]

Quaternary: Feet.

1.. Surface gravels containing alkali water.'......................... 0-58

Nacatoch:

2. Sandstone. ..............................t............... 58 -62: 5

3. Sand with soft water...................................... 62. 5-66. 5

Marlbrook and Annona: 

4. Blue clay, no water....................................... 66.5-360

5. Light-colored rock, with hard water in crevice of rock......... 360-830

 444. Section of well of Judge M. W. Bates, Ogden, Little River County, Ark.

[By S. E. Meredith.] 

Pleistocene (Port Hudson): Feet.

1. Sand and gravel............................................. 0- 80

Arkadelphia:

2. Blue marl....'.............................................. 80- 94

Nacatoch:

3. Sand and sandstone, water bearing............................ 94-224

445. Branner a gives the following data: "Holeman's well is 308 feet deep; 10 feet of shaly limestone

overlie the blue chalk, which crumbles after long exposure; at 160 feet there are three 6-inch layers Of reddish

sand."

447. Section of well ofO. S. Walker, near Rocky Comfort, Little River County, Ark.

[By C.S.Walker.] 

Quaternary or Lafayette?: Feet.

1. Hard cemented gravel...................................... 0- 12

2. .Coarse sand and gravel...................................... 12- 17

Annona:

3. Hard lime rock............................................. 17-117

Brownstown:

4. Blue clay.................................................. 117-267

5. Hard lime rock, with occasional layers of quicksand and coarse

white sand.............................................. 267-500

The well was a complete failure.

" Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Engs., vol. 27,1898, p. 48.
260 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

44§. Seciwn of well ofjesse L. De Long, sec 32, T IS S , R. 32 W , Little River County, Ark.

Pleistocene Feet

1 Red River alluvium............. .... ..................... 0-70

Mailbrook formation

2 Hard gray dirt............... ... . ...................... 70-540

Annona chalk?

3 Very hard giay dirt, almost solid rock...--.-...-..--.-...--.- 540-560

452. The following section has been taken from a blueprint furnished by the chief engineer of bridges and 

buildings of the Missouri Pacific systern_

Section of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Austin, Lonoke County, Ark

Feet

1 Dug well (hard blue fossilifeious clay)........................... 0 -34

2 Hard blue clay, with sheila.................................... 34 -40 5

3 Hard limestone.............. ......... .............. 1...... 40 5-43 5

4 Light-gray quicksand, with shells and some water. -..-..........- 43 5-52 5

5 Daik clay, with mucky quicksand.............................. 52 5-60

6 Soft sandstone............................................... 60 -62

7 Dark blue sandy clay (will crumble)...-.-.--...-..-............ 62 -977

8 Haidpan and joint clay................. ..................... 97 7-275

9 Layers ot sandstone and slate.............. ................... 275-281

10 Soft slate, with small layers of sand (containing no watei)........ 281-332

"The top 48 feet is a dug well and is curbed with old stringers 13 feet by 14 leet, the bored well is placed

neai north side and the 8-iuch casing comes up t* the top It is claimed by Mr Booue that the bottom of the

well will hold water like a jug "

461. A thick bed of lignite is reported at about 25 feet from the surface

464. Section of well nj Bryant & B'SJiirs, on Red River, sec 8, T 14 S , R 26 W , Miller County, Ark'

[By C D Hudson 1 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Surface loam, passing below into coarse giavel.. .... ..... 0-80

Aikadelphia

2 Blue clay....... ............................. .......... 80-400

3 Soft layer, like hardened oil, no drillings came up............. 400-470

Nacatocli

4 Sand, with artesian water. .........._...._........_... __..__ 470-486

468. Section of well of J Shultz, Clipper Spur, Miller County, Ark

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Loam and gravel........................................... 0- 60

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay................................................. 60-270

Nacatoch

3 Water-beaimg sand......................................... 270-

476. Section of well of Joe Winters, sec. 18, T 13 S , R 27 W , Miller County, Ark

[By C D Hudson ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) x Feet

1 Surface clay and fine sand................................... 0- 93

2 Coarse gravel.............................................. 93-108

Arkadelphia '

3 Blue clay.................................................. 108-330

4 Red rock.................................................. 330-334

Nacatoch

5 Hard quartzitic rock........................................ 334-338

6. Water-bearing sand......................................... 338-408
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 261

478. Secttnn of test well of Waterworks Company, Texarkana, Miller County, Ark

[By R A Munson ] 

Quaternary or Lafayette Poet

1 Dirt, sand, and gravel.. ................................... 0- 50

Sabme

2 White sand and clay, with water............................. 50- 95

Midway? and Aikadelphia

3 Daik-blue clay, no watei... .. ............................. 95-825

Nacatoch

4 Sand and sand rock, water bearing................ .......... 825-925

Marlbrook

5 Blue clay.. .. ... ......... ......... ..................... 925-930

The casing extends only to the top ot the blue clay The water from this well is occasionally used to 

supplement that from the shallow wells described under No 479 The water has been analyzed by Mi. 

Reuben Haines, of Philadelphia, with the following results

Sanitary analysis No 1 of water of deep viell of Waterworks Company, Texarkana, MiUe" County, Ark

[By Reuben Uaines ]

[Sample received September 14,1899,m stonexvarp jug ]

Parts per million

Free ammonia... ......................................... .... . 1 710

Albuminoid ammonia.......... ......... ....... ..... . . .... 006

Nitrogen as, nitrites.................... .............. Considerable amount

Nitrogen as nitrates.................................... ...... . None

Chloime......................... ................... ...... . . 3,293 9

Total hardness, 20 4°

Temporary hardness, 19 9°

Permanent hardness, 0 5°

Turbidity, conbidei able black sediment resembling lignite, together with fungus, colored with iron oxide

Color atter filti ation, blightly yellowish

Odor, moldy, especially when warm

"This sample had stood about ten days before being opened for analysis, compaiison with sample icceived 

October 9, 1899, showed that this sample originally contained a much larger amount of ammonia than appears 

above The nitrites increased greatly on standing

" This well water is not hygiemcally safe as a domestic water supply It is contaminated with vegetable 01 

animal mattei, 01 both kinds Part of the ammonia is derived from lignite deposits, the chlorine from bait 

beds The well may be liable to surface contamination or from river flood-plain deposits The well should 

either be abandoned 01 bunk much deepei and piped the whole distance to bottom "

Sanitary analysis No 2 of water of deep'well of Waterworks Company, Texarkana, Miller County, Ark

[By Reuben Haines ]

[Sample received October 9,1899, in glass bottle ]

, Parts, per million

Free ammonia............ ......................................... 5 920

Albuminoid ammonia, mixed. -.............__................_..._... 130

Albuminoid ammonia, settled......................................... 053

Nitrogen as nitrites.................................... Consideiable amount

" Turbidity, small amount of sediment of fungous growth

"Color after filtiation, blightly yellowish

" Odor, not observed

" After standing several days the frfe ammonia was again determined and found to have decreased greatly 

The nitrites at the same time greatly increased Both samples are likely to have lost part.of their free ammonia 

during transpoitation from Texarkana A contaminated water, not suitable for domestic use "
262 GEOLOGY AJSTC UNDEBGKOUN'D WATER OF LOUISIANA AND .ABKANSAS.

Mineral analysis of water of deep well of Waterworks Company, Texarkana, M^ller County, Ark,

[By Reuben Hames ]

Parts per million

Sodium chloride (common salt)..................................... 5,428 9

Calcium carbonate (carbonate of lime)............................... 186 7

Magnesium carbonate............................................. 71 5

Sodium sulphate.................................................. 4 4

Silica, iron oxide, alumina.......................................... 13 5

Total solid matter (by actual weight)................................ 5, 759 1

Total hardness..................................................... 203 3

"This water will produce consideiable scale, but is otherwise a good boiler water The scale will be comparatively soft, as sulphate of hme is absent There is no ingredient in the watei which would cause coiiosion 

The caibonate-producmg scale may be removed by a good feed-water heater "

While this is cleaily a highly mineral water und ori this score may not be fit for domestic use, the situation 

of the well is such that there is absolutely no chance of contamination The high peicentage of chlwme which 

caused this chemist to suggest pollution was not due to sewage of any sort, but to geologic conditions

The upper Buigen water horizon, the sub-Clarksville sand, should be encountered at this place at about 2,000 

feet below sea level (PI XXXVII, see II) There is considerable likelihood, however, that this water will also 

be highly mineral, though its quality vanes greatly from point to point It is the source of the 600-foot supply at 

Clarksville, Tex , which is of good quality In attempting to develop the sub-Claiksville horizon care should be 

taken to case off the hard, bitter watei which is encountered from 100 to 200 feet above the main sand

The Woodbine honzons encountered at Clarksville, Tex , between 560 and 1,160 feet, would be found at this 

place at depths of from 2,500 to 3,000 feet below sea level (PI XXXVII, sec H) The quality of the water fi om 

the upper honzon is likewise vanable, but it is commpnly decidedly mineral In the lower hoiizon good water 

is leported at Clarksville and doubttully indicated at Paris (pp 77-78)

479. The 'supply of the Texarkana Watei Company is obtained from 52 wells, having an average depth 

of 45 feet, langmg in diametei from 5 inches to 30 feet, and located in a branch valley in the northeastern 

part of the to\vn, quite beyond the thickly settled poitions The supply, which is almost wholly from the uregulai surficial giavel deposits which mantle this region, is occasionally supplemented by water fronr the deep 

well described under No 478

Mi E. A Munbon, superintendent, has kindly furnished a detailed leport by Walcott C Postet, of New 

York, N Y , of the water prospects about Texaikana, which was submitted December 10, 1901 From this 

the following condensed statement has been taken

"The piesent supply is taken from a sand bed containing some gravel, which is found from 15 to 45 leet 

below the surface The overlying material is a clay with a layer or layers of very haid cemented or indurated 

material running through it This material is so very hard that it had to be blasted in some places to be 

removed The upper 2 to 4 feet of the sand bed consist of a layer ol very fine, closely packed white sand, 

containing more 01 less clay This layer is veiy even in character, in some places almost entnely icplaced 

by white clay Beneath the white sand is a layei of yellow sand containing some gravel, about 20 icet m 

thickness A considerable portion of this sand is very fine and contains moie or less clay Test holes and the 

excavations made in the construction of youi present wells show that the charactei of these beds varies considerably in short distances and that, in some locations, clay almost wholly replaces the sand On account 

of these conditions it would be unsafe to make any calculations of the area 01 volume of the water-bearing 

sand That it is limited m area, I think there is not much doubt, as a yellow sand and gravel seems to overlie 

the clay, both to the southeast and northwest of your pumping station, probably the outcrop of the bed fiom 

which you are drawing water It is in these outciops of the sand and gravel that the spnngs near the city 

are found

"In my opinion you can not develop any more water from the gravel at your present plant, and aie now 

taking out more than you should for a constant and steady supply

"This is indicated (1) by the drying up of the spnngs and marshes which foimerly sutrounded the pumping station, (2) by the continued lowenng of the water levels in wells one-fourth mile distant, (3) by the fact 

that the catchment area and lamfall aie insufficient to supply a demand ol 1,000,000 gallons per day 

" Other sources of supply are discussed below

"A laige dug well was formerly used to supply the Texas side of the city The yield was veiy small 

and this souice is hardly worth considering (
DESCRIPUVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. '263

"After the abandonment of the dug well the Texas side of the city derived its supply from Double Branch. 

The stoiage pond and station aic about 2 miles fiom the city According to the best information obtainable the available supply is about 200,000 gallons per day

"Bramble Lake is a small artificial pond filled by the flow from a small spring The ground is very lightred and yellow clay, containing small pockets or bunches of giavel of about 1 or 2 cubic yards each The 

surface of the ground is coveicd with a thin layei of gravel, likely derived by the surface clay having been 

worked away by the lams There were no indications that any water could be developed in this neighborhood, 

and the flow from the spring is entirely too small to be of any moment

"Ohio Spiings are located about 2 miles northwest of the city The flow is collected in a pond of several 

acres extent and, while appaicntly a considerable body of water, would be pumped out in a veiy few days 

The natural flow of the spiing is too small to be of any substantial benefit

"Clear Lake is a pond about 8 miles northeast of the city From the analysis herewith presented it 

would not seem advisable to use this water

Analysis of water of Clear Lake, Miller County, Ark

Parts per million 

Nitrogen as nitrites .............................................. None

Nitrogen as nitrates.............................................. 0 080

Nitrogen as fi ee ammonia (unfiltered water)......................... 066

Nitrogen as free ammonia (filtered water)........................... 060

Nitiogen as albuminoid ammonia (unfilteied water)................. 460

Nitrogen as albuminoid ammonia (filtered water).................... 292

Chlorine.................. ..................................... 175 000

Oxygen consumed (unfiltered water)................................. 8 400

Oxygen consumed (filtered watei) .................................. 6 900

Alkalinity....................................................... 108 000

Incrusting constituents........................................... 88 000

Carbonic acid, one-half bound........-....-.-----.... ............ 47 500

Carbonic acid, flee......... ..................................... 1 500

Carbonic acid, total .. .......................................... 49 000

Total solids..................................................... 640 000

Color, white 

Odor, inappreciable

General appearance of sample, almost perfectly clear

"The chlorides, which tend to precipitate soap and act much the same as hard water, are high The 

high chlorine m the water is probably accounted for by the pond hemg filled from the overflow of Red River 

The difference m the chlorine between the analysis ot Clear Lake water and the Red Rivei water, given below, 

is accounted for by the fact that the Clear Lake water represents the flood watei s of Red Rivei when both 

the chlorine and hardness aie piohahly at their lowest, and the analysis of the Red River water was made on 

a sample taken from the river at the lowest stage, when these constituents would likely be at their highest"

"Filtration would not greatly improve the watei Neither the chlorine nor the hardness can be reduced 

by filtration, and the latter is likely to be mcieased The water might be made lightci by it and the organic 

matter reduced, but this lattci is merely vegetable and not of a disease-producing charactci fiom sewer 

contamination

" I am inclined to think that neither the character of the water nor the results to be obtained as to quantity 

would wanant the expenditure necessary to develop this as a source of supply and convey it to the city

"Sulphur River lies about 10 miles south of the city No detailed examination was made of it further 

than an inspection from the ciossing of the Shreveport branch of the Texas and Pacific Railway The nver is 

full of tree stumps and old logs, and the water is muddy Filtration, possibly coupled with sedimentation, 

would clarify the water The water itself has the icputation of being of a very bad quality and it is probably 

at least as hard and as full of chlorine as Red River, of which it is a tributary

"Nix Creek has quite a flow several miles below town, but the entire sewerage of the city is emptied 

into' it above the point where it would be available

"There is a pond at the Kirby Natatonum that is of some extent, but it would be pumped out in one or 

two days The flow of the springs feeding it is so small that they would not be of any use, 

,1393 No 46 06 19
264 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

"Dnppmg Springs aie located 8 miles northwest of the city on the edge of Barkmans Creek, but their 

flow i& so small, not over a few thousand gallons per day, that it would be of no use

"Baikmans Creek lies about about 8 miles northwest of the city and empties into McKmuey Bayou. 

The watei is hard, 01 precipitates considerable quantities of soap It will be rcleired to later on

"Bed River would furnish an unlimited supply, but the water is extremely hard and alkaline or salty 

The analysis ol it given below and such crude tests as I was able to make on the ground show it to be oj such 

quality that it should not be used except in a very extreme case

Analysis a/Red River water from a point near Ogden, Ark

Parts per million

Lime........................................................... 210 0

Magnesia........................................................ 47 7

Sulphuric acid................................................... 252 0

Chlorine as chlorides.............................................. 420 0

Alkalinity m teims of carbonate of lime............................. 216 0

Haidness in terms of carbonate of hme......... ................... 443 0

Solid mallei....'.... ............................................ 1,382 4

"This solid matter is composed of lime, magnesia, and soda, combined with sulphuric, hydrochloric, and 

carbonic acids

"About 6 miles northwest of the city, in the neighborhood of Ely Moores Bndge, there are a number 

of springs along the south bank of McKmney Bayou, which form five separate small streams running into the 

bayou The water is soft and apparently of good quality so far as we were able to determine by rough tests 

on the gi ound The natural flow of the spi ings at the time ot examination was about 300,000 gallons per day 

The quantity was determined partly hy wen measurements and partly by estimate The streams from the 

springs are scaticied along the bayou for the distance of about 1J to 1J miles, but could all be conducted by a 

vitnfied-pipe line into one Common-well On at least two and possibly thiec of these streams ponds could 

be constructed If this proved to be the case, the surface flow of the wet season might be impounded and the 

quantity of available water inci eased

"Clear Creek is spring fed and empties into McKmney Bayou about 1J miles west of Ely Moores Bridge. 

At the time of our visit it was flowing 265,000 gallons per day by wen measurement There was some leakage 

under the weir, and the actual flow was somewhat larger If suitable storage pan be obtained to store 

the storm water, the quantity which could be obtained from this souicc would be greatly increased 

probably more than doubled It could probably be led into the same pump well as the Ely Mooies Bridge 

springs by a vitrified-pipe conduit Collecting the springs and Clear Creek togethei, they would furnish a 

dry-weather flow of between £00,000 and 600,000 gallons per day and, if suitable stoiage can be developed, 

from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 gallons As far as we were able to determine without actual analysis, the water 

of Clear Cieek was soft and of as good quality as the springs and your piesent supply

"Little River is a stream whose headwaters lie mainly in the Oark Mountains It empties into Red 

River a few miles west of Fulton The nearest point on it to the city is some miles from Fulton, and it would 

require about 17 miles of pipe line to bung the water to the city The water is soft and of good quality It 

is colorless, odorless, and without unpleasant taste It contains the following substances

Analysis of Little River water

Parts per million 

Total............................................................ 60 0

Chloi me......................................................... 184

Oxygen-consuming power.......................................... 2 5

Nitrogen as ammonia.............................................. 078

Nitrogen (albuminoid).............................................. 075

Nitrites................ ......................................... None

Nitrates.......................................................... None

Hardness, according to Clark's test........................ ......... 2

"At the present time the cost of developing this supply would be so great as to be prohibitive It would 

hot pay to go this distance unless a plant of at least 5,000,000 gallons daily capacity were installed At the 

present tune it would appear that this river is the only really large supply for good water within reach of 

Texarkana for a future supply "
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. . 265

48O. Section of well 1 mile northeast ofTexarkana, Miller County, Ark.

I By II A.Munson.]

Lafayette?: Feet.

1 Dirt, sand, and gravel............................ ..... ft- 50

Sabine.

2 Clay and white sand, with water........................ 5ft- 75

Midway 1 and Arkadelphia

3 Blue clay, no water.................................... 75- 800

Nacatoch

4 Sand and sandstone, with water......................... 80ft- 900

Marlbrook:

5. Blue day, no water.................................... 900-1,300

0 Fine-grained limestone ("Saiatoga formation")............ 1,300-1,370

7 Blue clay............................................. 1,370-1,390

Well abandoned September, 1902.

4 SO A. Record ofviell of Home Ice Company, TexarTcana, Miller County, Ark.

[By the American Well and Prospecting Company ]

N Laiayette ? . Feet. 

1. Coarse gravel........................................... ft- 6

Lower Eocene 1 .

2 Yellow clay............................................ 6- 35

Lower Eocene and Arkadelphia:

3 Blueclay............................................... 35- 880

Nacatoch

4 Sand, containing brackish water, which rose within 15 feet of

surface.-..........-....--..--....................... 880- 900

5 Hard sandstone........................................ 800- 911

6 Sand, containing brackish water, winch rose within 5 feet of

surface.............................................. 911- 941

Marlbiook

7- Blue clay.............................................. 941-1, 700

Annona

8 White chalky limestone (White Cliffs chalk)............... 1, 700-1,825

Brownstown

9. Blueclay....-...-.-.---..-.....-..---..--.........--.. 1,825-1,900

5O2. Section of well ofC. B. Moore, Emmet, Nevada County, Ark

[Byf!.B Moore.]

Arkadelphia- rest. 

1 Soil....;.................................................. 0- 2

, 2. Clay, caves readily........................................... 2- 32

3 Blue clay, changing below to gray clay........................ 32-190

Nacatoch.

4 Black sand................................................ 190-198

5 Water rock....................................!........... 198-199

6 Water-bearing sand and rock................................ 199-206

516. The prevailing depth of the rock indicates that water should be encountered here at a depth of 

about 550 feet.

525. This well is supposed to have entirely penetrated the water-bearing stratum.

537. Water should be encountered in the Bingen sands at a depth of about 600 feet. The water will 

probably flow.

538. The driller reports only 3 feet of black clay in this well; the water does not come in contact with 

it, and therefore is quite soft. /
266 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

553. Owen a gives the following qualitative analysis of Judge Hubbard's spring, sec 13, T 10 S , 

K 23 W

"This water was found to be a weak saline chalybeate, containing bicarbonate of iron, a trace of chloride 

of magnesia, chlonde of sodium, and a small quantity of sulphate of soda »nd magnesia Its medical properties 

will be slightly tonic and aperient "

This is marked " lion Spring " on the Gurdon quadrangle

563. Section of well of A J Bolls, sec 15,T 11 S ,R 21 W , Nevada, County, Ark

[By George W Hmes ]

Feet

1 Soil and gravel........................................... 0- 7

2 Joint clay............................... .. ........... 7-25

, Arkadelphia

3 Blue clay................................................ 25 -3695

Nacatoch

4 Black sand.............................................. 369 5-373 5

5 Rock................................................... 373 5-375

6 Watei-beanng sand....................................... 375 -

579. It was found necessary to case these wells entirely to the water rock because heavy pumping caused 

the blue clay to cave

5§O. Section of well at watervmrks, Prescott, Nevada County, Ark

[ByH W Wade]

Feet

1 Clay and gravel-........................................... 0- 6

2 Hard yellow clay........................................... 6-31

Arkadelphia

3 Very dark-colored clay ("blue dirt")- - --........---.......... 31-148

Nacatoch

4 Black sand, with fossils......... ........................... 148-150

5 Water rock and very hard sandstone........................... 150-152

6 Gray water-hearing sand, not passed through.................. 152-170

Well is cased to the watet rock ? 

582. Mr H W Wade states that near Prescott one well can be bored within 4 feet of another and the 

water not pass through the blue-clay wall between On the northern edge of Prescott the water sand is black, 

and contains very little water, on the south and east it is gray, and furnishes an abundant supply

COS. Well on same farm and near center of section 30 originally flowed, but water level is now 10 feet 

below the suiface

621. Section of well of Wittwm Hill, sec 13, T13S,R2SW, Nevada County, Arlc

[By C r> Hudson ]

Feet

1 Surface sand and clay. ....................................... 0- 40

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay, changing below into gray clay...................... 40-373

Nacatoch

3 "Second water rock," hard sandstone......................... 373-374

4 Black sand................................................ 374-382

5 Water-bearing sand.................. .............. ....... 382-390

622. In this well no water rock was encountered Below the blue clay there is 4 feet of black sand and 

4 feet of light-gray water-bearing sand

oSecond Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860,p 117.
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 267

625. Section of well ofCW Hamilton, sec 31, T W S ,R 82 W , Nevada County, Ark

[By C D Hudson ]

Feet

1 Surface................................................... 0-20

Arkadelphia

2 Blue clay.................................................. 20-515

Nacatoch

3 Water-bearing sand and rock-............................... 515-570

Marlbrook

4 Blue clay.................................................. 570-

628. Section of well of Cotton Belt Lumber Company, 1 mile east ofBearden, Ouachita County, Ark

Feet

1 Surface sand and gravel, water bearing.......................... 0- SO

2 Blue clay, with lignite and fossil shells.......................... 80- 300

3 Watci-bearmg sand, water of good quality, which rose to within 50

feet of surface-....................... ..................... 300- 310

4 No record................................................... 310- 850

5 Quicksand--..--.....-..........-..-..........-.- ........... 850- 910

6 Blue clay, no water.............. ............................ 910-1,001

Pipe was. pulled back to 900 feet, including 50 feet of the smallest Cook well stramei The water from 

this stratum was aocompan cd by a great deal of fine sand, which rapidly wore out the pump bearings The 

water foams so badly that it can not be used 111 boilers with any satisfaction It is believed that if a large pond 

were available in which the water could settle, it would give better results

Analysis of water from well of Cotton Belt Lumber Company, near Bearden, Ouachita County, Ark

[By CSeorge H Seyms ]

Parts per million 

Sand and entirely insoluble matter.................................... 132

Made insoluble by heating................................ .......... 244

Readily soluble solid matter. ......................................... 912

Total &olids.................................................. 1, 288

This total corresponds to the large amount of 75 08 grams to a United States gallon

"I find a very large propoition of chlorides, \cry considerable carbonates, and some ehloiides, associated 

with much soda and cons.derable magnesia, lime, and potash, comb.ned as indicated by the analys a, in the 

form of sodium chlonde (salt), sodium vaibonate, sodium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, 

and potassium chloride

" There was also quite an amount of fine sand and siliceous matter, considerable iron oxide, and a little 

organic matter, but no appieciable ammonia or mtiates

"Considerable coaisei sand, settling within one minute after agitation, was disregarded in analysis as 

readily removable and probably not a permanent characteristic of the water

" The water was quite alkaline, the equivalent of nearly one-fourth'the total solids (28 4 parts) being 

sodium carbonate^

" The amount of scale matter in this water is quite large, and is mostly magnesium carbonate, calcium 

carbonate, sand and siliceous matter, and iron oxide Calcium sulphate, the worst constituent of most scale, 

is absent

" The soluble solids are mainly sodium chlonde, which is chief in amount, sodium carbonate, sodium 

sulphate, and potassium chloride

" It is not a very good boiler water, still, it is better than the* large amount of solid matter would indicate 

at first glance, and the salt the principal constituent is. not associated with magnesium sulphate and lime and 

magnesium chloride, the last of which especially makes a little salinity of eastern waters so bad and corrosive 

This water is also decidedly alkal nc, and so not likely to be very corrosive, and the salt in it will tend to keep 

the sediment easy to blow out and not so readily form hard scale Such a water as this, however, needs great
268 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND "WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

care in its use Boiler compounds will be of little or no avail with it Dependence must be placed on regular 

blowing and cleaning, and the soluble solids must not he allowed to become too ooncentiated, and certainly 

not to form a salt and soda crust

"I advise that you blow a gage or two several times a day, both at suifaoe and bottom, to wash and clean 

out as often as every two weeks to insure removal ot all deposit, and change the water m bo lei

"I have had a numbei of oasps of water of this chaiacter, much worse than this, wh oh have bpen ubed 

without serious detriment, as far as I know, so, with proper care, I think 3'ou can use this if you have no really 

good boiler watei available It would be well to let this water settle some hours "

63O. Section of well of A H Patton, on OuaAita Rivet, 7 miles southeast of Camden, Ouachita County, Ark

[By A H Patton ]

Quaternaiy (Poit Hudson) Feet

1 Loam and sand, passing below into gravel...................... 0-49

Sabme

2 Solid clay..................... ............................ 49-99

3 White sand, water bearing.................... ............... 99-135

Mr J P Clifford, the well Hnllei, adds the following "Bittei water at 100 feet, soft water at 140 feet " 

63!}. Owen a states that the principal oonstitutents of John Works's alum spring are acid sulphate of

alumina (and perhaps potash), but the acid reaction of the water rathei indicates the more feeble base, alumina,

a sulphate of the protoxide of non, and traces of sulphate of magnesia and lime

634. The Freeman-Smith Lumber Company wntes "Four miles southwest of our mill at Millville, a well 

was put down 135 feet through haid cemented gravel, winch for a considerable time yielded a good supply 

of water, but eventually failed " It is thought that this refers to the Eagle Mills locality

635. Section of well of Freeman-Smith Lumber Company, Ulillmlle, OuaAita County, Ark

[By Freeman-Smith Lumber Company ] 

Quaternary ' » Feet

1 Gravel.................................................... 0- 20

2 Quicksand, with a small amount of watei..------..-..-........ 20- 28

Eocene

3 Blue clay.................................................. 28-150

4 Lignite.................................................... 150-153

5 Fine sand, water bearing.................................... 153-170

6 Blue clay, with occasional sand partings, not water bearing...... 170-470

"An attempt was made to develop stratum 5 with an air lift, but after diawmg great quantities of water 

and sand the lignite caved and destroyed the cavity thus formed The boring was done entirely with hand 

tools

"We have at our place a number of small springs from which we obtain our water supply These springs, 

however, aie disposed to go nearly dry in our driest seasons "

The failuie to develop stratum 5 is clearly due to an inadequate or improperly set strainer A " handtool" man, with no experience outside of the Cretaceous region, would not be able to finish a well in the Sahine 

sands, as the conditions are quite different from those in the Cretaceous An expert well man would have no 

difficulty in finishing a good well at this point in.the 17 feet of water-bearing sand reported

a Second Iteport of a Geological .Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1860, p 132.
DESCBIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 269

637. Sections of test lonngs in Ouachita River at Buffalo Flats, Ouachita County, Ark (329 7 miles above 

, mouth of Black River) a

BORING NO 31

Depth m feet

1 Sandy clay...................................................... 0 0

2 Sand and giavel.................................................. 3 0

3 Sand, giavel, and shells........................................... 5 6

4 Gravel and green sandstone........................................ 10 6

5 Soft green sandstone.............................................. 11 2

6 Stiff blue mud................................................... 12 2

7 Mud and sand.................................................... 19 7

8 Sand...............-..-..--..--.-------..-.---.---.----..--..--. 23 0

9 Quick&and. ..................................................... 26 0

10 Sand, with clay................................................. 28 6

11 Green mud, with sand. -......--.---......---..-----...-...-..-.. 30 9

12 Sand and mud.................................................. 31 9

13 Sandstone....-...-.......-..--...-...-..-----.--.---..----..... 35 8

14 Sand and mud.................................................. 36 1

15 Sand-..--.---...-..--.---...-..--.---..--.----------.--------. 36 5

16 Red stone...................................................... 43 3

17 Sand...................r............... ^..................... 45 0

18 Sand and mud................................................... 49 6

19 Sand, mud, and coal............................................. 55 2

20 Red sandstone.................................................. 55 8

21 Sand and mud.................................................. 59 4

22 Gi avel or conglomerate..........--........-..-----.--..--.---... 69 9

23 Grindstone rock................................................. 70 2

24 Through stratum of grindstone rock............................... 71 6

BORING NO 3Ia

1 Yellowish band and mud ......................................... 0 0

2 Yellowish sand and mud.......................................... 1 6

3 Yellowish sand, mud, and gravel................................... 3 6

4 Indurated clay................................................... 7 7

5 Indurated clay (harder)........................................... 8 5

BORING NO 31b

1 Yellowish sand and mud. -.....-.---.-....--.-----.--..--..----... 0 0

2 Rock (ledge?).............................-...................... 6 8

63§. Section of test luring in Ouachita River at Beech Hill, Ouachita County, Ark (3SO 3 miles above

mouth of Black River).b '

Depth in feet 

1. Mud.....-.....-.-...-...........-........----............--...- 0 0

2 White sand...................................................... 3 28

3 Gray sand....................................................... 7 71

4 Blue mud and sand.............................................. 8 70

5 Red-brown clay and sand.. .*...................................... 9 36

6 Stiff blue mud................................................... 10 01

7 Hard blue clay................................................... 15 26

a Ann Rept Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2,1902, p 1570 

&Ibid.,p 1569.
270 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS. / '

639. Sections of test borings in Ouachita River at Newport Landing, Ouachita County, Ark (328.8 miles

above mouth of Blade River).a.

BORING NO 30

Depth in feet

1 Brown sandy clay. .............................................. 0 0

2 Blue-black clay, with sand ....................................... 7 05

3 Stift blue-black clay, with small pieces of rock. ..................... 8 69

4 Clean giay sand. ..--..-...-..--.-.-.----...-..--..---.-.......-. 11 16

5 Stiff clay, with gravel and sand. .................................. '15 58

6 Clay, with pockets and streaks of sand. ............................ 22 97

7 Same, also one tooth, apparently shark's. .......................... 40 03

8 Clay, with pockets and streaks of baud. -.-.-...--......-.-....-..-. 109 55

	BORING NO 30,i

1 Yellow-brown clay .............................................. 0 0

2 Blown sand. ................................................... 0 98

3 Gi ay sand.-.-. .-..-..-.-....------.--...-..-------.--..-.--.--. 3 41

4 Blue-black clay, full of chips of rock- ....-..._...-.......--.-._-..- 11 81

5 Clay, with pockets and streaks of sand. ............................ 19 12

G Clay, with pockets and streaks of sand. ............................ 50 00

NO 30h 

sandy clay. .............................................. 0 0

2 Blue-black clay, with sand and gravel ............................. 7 54

3 Blue-black clay, with pockets and sticaks of band- .................. 14 60

4 Gray-black clay. ................................................ 50 00

BORING NO 30C

1. Very stiff brown clay. .......... ................................ 00

2 White sandstone. ............................................... 4 10

3 Sand, impregnated with leaching of asphalt or bitumen. -...-...-.-.. 4 26

4 Green sandy clay .-....--..... ................................. 6 56

5 Clean gray sand- ................................................ 13 32

6 Blup-gray sandy clay. ........................................... 13 55

7 Sand, with clay. ................................................ 15 6

	BORING NO 30d

1 Brown sandy clay. .............................................. 0 0

2 Blue-black clay, with sand.. ..................................... 7 05

3 Stift blue-black clay, with small pieces of rock. .-_-...._-_..._._...- 8 69

4 Clean gi ay sand ............................................... 11 16

5 Stiff blue-black clay.. ........................................... 16 40

6 Clay, with pockets and streaks of sand- ............................ 22 97

7 Stiff blue-black clay, with pockets and streaks of sand. .............. 32 89

8 Stiff blue-black clay, with pockets and streaks of sand. .--.-.-..-.... 35 14

64O. Section of test borings in Ouachita River at Haidee Shoals, Ouachita County, Ark (316% miles above

mouth of Black River} b

BORING NO 29*

Depth in feet

1 Gray saiid and gravel. ............................................ 0 0

2 Blue-gray clay................................................... 9 84

3 Clean gray sand. _--._____.__.___._._._.._......_._.-_._.._.-..__. 46 59

4 Clean gray sand. ..-...............-..-.....---..-..--.-.--.----.. 54 53

oAnn Rept Chief of Eng for 1902, p 1569 

l>l> Ibid , p 1508
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. , 271

BORING NO 29a

Depth m feet

1 Gravel.....------.---.----------.-.-..-----.-.------.-.--.------ 0 0

2 Sand and gravel _..__.__........__.........-..--........_.......-- 5 12

3 Sand, with some mud............................................. 7 71

4 Blue tlay....................................................... 9 52

5 Gray sand....................................................... 13 13

6 Giay sandy mud................................................. 18 27

7 Grayish-blue clay................................................ 21 03

8 Clean giay sand.............................................. - - - 29 53

9 Clean gray sand._.__..-......-..-...-............-.--...----.-... 48 23

641. Section of test boring in Ouacluta River at Smaclover Shoah, Onachita County, Ark (313 4 miles

above mouth of Black River) " 

	Depth in leet

1 Yellowish sandy elay............................................. 0 0

2 Gray sand..............-......---..----------------------------- 1 64

3 Gravel and band................................................. 3 28

4 Shells, sand, and mud............................................ 4 10

5 She,lls, sand, and gravel. __.._...---..--.-.----..----- ............ 4 92

6 Sand and mud................................................... 5 74

7 Blue mud and sand.............................................. 24 61

8 Blue mud, with a little sand....................................... 27 40

9 Mud andsand................ .................................. 33 14

 44. Section of Mississippi Rivei Commission test boring No 1, Helena, Ark b

[By E W Hilgarcl ] 

Port Hudson Feet

1 Pine sand............................................. 31 - 45

2 Pine sand............................................. 45 ,- 87 4

3. Coarser sand, with gravel............................... 87 4-116 4

4 Clean sand, with gravel................................. 116 4-142 7

5 Coarse band........................................... 142 7-156 8

6 Fmei sand..--.-...-----...------.-----.-------------. 156 8-161 5

7 Coarse sand.....-..-.--..-..--.--....----.------------ 101 ,5-1623

" Noithein hgnitic " (bee p 35)

8 Smooth blue day...................................... 162 3-189 5

9 Lignite in mass........................................ 189 5-189 7

10 Smooth blue clay..................................... 189 7-206 4

Section of Mississippi River Commission test boring No 2, Helena, Ark c

[By E W Hilgarrt ] 

Loess Feet

1 Brownish-yellow loam, noncalcareous..................... 0 - 05

2 Yellow silt, calcareous and full of snail bhells and concretions of lime called " locbs puppets" .-.__-.-....-...-... 0 5-139 7 

Transition stratum

3 Yellowish clay......................................... 139 7-167 8

Orange sand (drift)

4 Chert pebbles--..---..-.....-...--..-..--..--..-.-.-... 167 8-171 3 

"Claiborne group " (Jackson)

5 Stiff blue clay, with green^and and ligmtize'd seaweed....... 171 3-199

6 Stiff blue clay, calcareous, a dayey greensand marl........ 199 -2112

a Ann Kept Chief (if Eng for 1902, p 1568

6 Kept Mi&s "Rrvor'Com , "48th Gong ,1st sebs , House Ex Doc No 37,1884, pp 485, 488

clbid ,pp 486-487
272 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS ,

"Claiborne gioup" (Jackson) Continued

7 Ferruginous concretion of stony hardness................. 211 2-211 4

8 Clayey grecnsand marl.................................. 211 4-231. 3

9 Clay-roloied calcareous rock............................. 231 3

10 Dark sandy clay, with pebbles.......................... 234 -236 8

11 Clay-colored sand..................................... 236 8

Harris» reexammed the specimens ot these boimgs in 1901, and identified the following species from 

test boung No 2

" Dentalmm (very nearly smooth, but with traces of longitudinal stuation), Voluhhthex petrosus (fragments), Cnrbula wmJe&iana, Corlula sp , Phos hilh var, Pseudoliva vetusta, Pleurotoma denticula, Action, 

Natica "

He icgards these species as piovmg the Jackson age of this bed

650. This well, like all others in this region, is cased only through the surface sand and clay, or to a 

depth of 40 01 50 feet The water stands in contact with the highly calcareous blue clay which oveiltes the 

water band and is therefoie quite hard The well would furnish soft water if it were cased to the bottom

651. Section of well oj W H Ward, sec 8,T 9 S , R 23 W , Pike County, Ark

[ByJ B Billotf ]

Feet

1 Surface sand and clay....................................... 0- 40

Brownstown

2 Blue clay.................................................. 40-254

Bingen \

3 Water-bearing sand..'...................................... 254

655. Section of well of Jack Wmgfield, sec 16, T 9 S , B S3 W , Pike County, Ark

, [By J B Dlllon J

Feet

1 Surface sand and clay....................................... 0- 35

Brownstown

2 Blue clay.................................................. 35-350

Bingen

3 Caving sand............................................... 350-390

4 Water-beaung sand......................................... 390

656. Section ofwe% of May heirs, sec 17, T 9 S , B 23 W , Pike County, Ark

[By J B Billon ]

Feet

1 Surface sand, gravel, and clay. .............................. 0-30 /

Brownstown

2 Black clay................................................. 30-180

"3 Caving brown clay.......................................... 180-205

Bingen

4 Water-bearing sand......................................... 205

657. Section of well ofllewitt Brothers, sec 17, T 9 S , B g3 W , Pile County, Arl

[By J.B. Dlllon]

Feet

1 Surface sand, gravel, and clay................................ 0- 21

Brownstown

2 Blue clay.................................................. 21-180

Bingen

3. White sand................................................ 180-200

4 Water-bearing sand.....--......----.--.--.-.---............ 200

n Qeol Survey Louisiana, Kept, of 1902, p 22
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPUING TABLE. 273

The amount of water flowing from this well tan not be exactly estimated, as the curb is imperfect, and a 

large amount is leaking into the surface giavelb Much very fine white sand is suspended in the water, 

causing it to look quite milky Water slightly ferruginous

68O. Section of well of Jack Wmyfeld, set, 18, T.9 S ,B #4 W , Pile County, AiTc

[By J B Dillon ]

Feet

1 Surface sand and giavel.................. .................. 0-21

Brownstown

2 Black clay.... ......... ......................... ........ 21-140

Bingcn

3 Water-bearing sand. ....................................... 140-143

Tempeiature, 63° F , December 7, 1902 Mr Dillon, the driller, states that in the valleys just above the

blue dirt theie is a layer of coarse gravel into which the aitesian water escapes if the casing is not fixed firmly

into the clay

684. Section of well of B M Limnlle, tec IS, T 9 S , R 2Jf W , Pike County, Ailc

[By .1 B Dillon ]

Feet

1 Surface sand and gravel..................................... 0- 30

Brownstown

2 Blue clay.......................... ............ ....... . 30-140

Bingen

3 Graysand......... . .... .... ........... ... ........ . 140-150

4 Water sand....... ....... ....... ....... .......... .. . ISO

This well is in the middle of a field on the edge of the Little Missouri bottoms, and its flow was so great 

that it proved injurious to the surrounding land, and an unsuccessful attempt was made to fill it up

687. At Brockton wells are bored to a depth of about 100 feet in order to afiord a reservoir in which the 

water may collect A depth of 40 to 60 reet is leached before any water is found, and it then comes from 

little seeps The boiing is continued until enough of these little veins are encountered to furnish the amount 

of water desired from the well The well really represents a deep hole in which the water collects from the 

sides, i ather than one depending on a given water layei, like those about Bowen

688. This well was put down in 1898 with a cable rig, and no record was kept of the material penetrated. 

It is reported to have flowed when first completed, but since it has been pumped the water has lowered to 6 

feet below the surface Used in a boiler it forms a red ciust, but the engineer affirms that, he has been able 

to prevent the formation of this scale by placing Irish potatoes in the water'

689. This is an open dug well neai No 688 The water originally stood 4J feet from the surface, but 

has now lowered to 15 feet The section is as follows

* Section of well at Key mill, Delight, Pike County, Ark

[By P J Gault ]

Feet

1 Loamy soil.................................................. 0- 5

2 Gravel........... ....... .................................. 5-20

3 Cemented gravel............................................. 20-22

Bingen

4 Blue clay-........ .......................................... 22-27

5 White sand.................................................. 27-32

690. Section of well of J P Copeland, jr , sec 131, T 8 S , R £3 W , Pike County, Ark

[ByJ B Dillon]

Feet

1 Surface sand and gravel....................................... 0-30

Brownstown

2 Blue clay.................................................... 30-58

Bingen

3 Clayey sand.......... ... ... ..................... ..... 56-70

4 Water-bearing sand ..... .. . . ........ ... 70
274 «EOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Water is very soft and palatable, and is the only soft water in this section, where the mam supply is from 

shallow dug wells, which extend only through the surface beds to the top of the calcareous blue clay.

692. The surrounding wells indiratj that the water in this one should be about 20 feet from the surface The great depth reported indicates that the well has caved or has been impioperly finished.

693. Section of mil ofM. M Manney, sec 20, T 8 S , R 25 W , Pike County, Ark

(By M M Manney ] 

Quaternary and Lafayette Feet

1 Clay........................................................ 0-10

2 Gravel, water-bcanng......................................... 10-14

Trinity

3 Blue clay and lime rock, no water, except in small seeps.......... 14-50

694. Around Murfrecsboro well"? commonly strike lime rock or blue clay at about 20 feet The water 

supply comes from the gravel overlying the rock

696. Section of municipal well at Pike City, Pike County, Ark

[By J H Purcell]

Feet

1 Gravel.................................................... 0- 10

2 Yellow clay................................................ 10-100

3 Ilardpan.................................................. 100-150

4 Rock, with watei........................................... 150

69§. Hayes « gives the following data regarding this locality "Two wells wcie drilled for oil The 

wells penetrated from 100 to 120 feet of the Tnnity formation, consisting chiefly of sands and clays, with a 

few thin seams of limestone, and then entered the Paleozoic sandstones and shales The latter aie highly 

contorted, dipping at angles ol 45° to 55°, and aie intersected by numerous fractutes No oil in commercial 

quantities has ever been discoveied in locks of this character, and it will be readily understood that even if 

they had onginally contained oil it would, before the deposition of the Trinity, have had abundant opportunity to escape to the surface through the fractures which resulted from the folding of the strata

699. "On the east side of Crowlcys Ridge, at an elevation of about 50 feet above the bottom, water is 

found at from 250 to 300 feet Away fiotn the edge of the hills, in the bottom, water is found at a depth of 

from 30 to 35 feet in a sand rilled with leaves and cypress baik "

General section of wells on east edge of Crowleys Ridge, Poinsett County, Ark 

[By C H W inters ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Clay and gravel............................................ 0- 60

Cockfield, with some Jackson 9

2 Light-bluish clay, with occasional layers of pure white, chalk-like

clay, no grit........................................... 60-200

3 Light-blue clay, some sand Gradually becomes coarsei and 

water bearing Lowet part of water sand full of lignite grains.. 200

4 Lignite and blue clay, smooth, tough clay

7O4. Section of well of New York and Arkansas Oil Company, Mena, Polk County, Ark

[By M P Oliver,driller]

Feet.

1 Earth..................................................... 0- 44

2 "Soapstone".............................................. 44- 100

3 Black shale, with thin layers of black sandstone................ 100- 613

4 Hard, white sandstone...................................... 613- 655

5 Black shale........ ....................................... 655- 665

6 Black sandstone, water bearing............................... 665- 675

a Haves, 0 \V , Asphalt deposits of Pike County, Ark Bull U S Geol Survey No 213,1903, p 355
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPUING TABLE. 275

Feet

7 Black shale, with layers of black sandstone.................... 675- 940

8 Black sandstone............................................ 940- 950

9 Black shale.-.............................................. 950- 995

10 Black sandstone........ ................................. 995-1,000

11 Black shale............................................... 1,000-1,045

12 Dark-gray sandstone....................................... 1,045-1,050

13 Black shale and black sand................................. 1,050-1,354

14 White sand, trace of oil. .................................. 1, 354-1, 356

15 Black shale, with layers of black sandstone................... 1, 356-1,615

As this well was drilled for oil, the water was cased out Casing was first put in when the well was 500 

feet deep Water was struck at 530 feet, and below this point several water horizons were encountered All 

the water rose to within 30 feet of the surface, except that from one vein, which was 100 feet below the surface 

It is reported that the city contemplates buying this well and installing a pumping station

7O5. Mr Hovey, general foreman, icports to the department of bridges and buildings, Missouri Pacific 

system, under date of December 1, 1894 " Well drilled by W C Bowdin is 90 feet to rock and 3 feet in dirt 

Water comes up within 20 feet of top, but the steam pump exhausts the supply in three or four strokes, well 

fills up again in three or four minutes We can get down a casing pipe 5 5 inches outside diameter "

Mr. C M Michaelson, in letter dated February 19, 1901, regarding a new well drilled at Russellville, 

states "Well is 11 inches in diameter and 140 feet deep, water stands 19 feet below top of rail, water supply 

is 2,700 gallons pel hour, water is solt and works well in drill-machine boiler, water supply comes from a crevice 50 feet below giound line, or top of rail, pumped water in well down to 123 feet below rail, at this level 

the above supply was obtained for two hours, while pumping this well it drained two G-inch drilled wells 

which are 45 and 53 feet deep and 300 to 400 feet from Missouri Pacific well "

A blueprint record dated Pacific, Mo , June 7, 1901, gives the following section

Section of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Russellville, Pope County, Ark

Feet

1 Soil.................... .................................... 0- 12

2 Slate, containing a small supply of water at 90 to 288 feet......... 12- 288

3 Sulphur rock................................................. 288- 354

4 Soapstone................................................... 354- 464

5 Slate......................................................... 464-1,006

TOO. Record of well of St Louii>, IronMountam and Southern Railway, Alexander, Pulaski County, Ark

[Compiled from reports b> B V Rltts, driller ]

Feet

1 Soil and sand ................................................. 0- 16

2. Slate rock ................................................... 16- 30

3 Gravel and band, with water..................................... 30- 38

4 Lime rock..................................................... 38- 40

5 Slate rock..................................................... 40- 46

6 Flint rock..................................................... 46- 48

7 Slate rock..................................................... 48- 58

8 White limestone, with considerable water.......................... 58- 78

9 Black slate............ ....................................... 78-91

10 Black limestone....... ....................................... 91-125

11 No record.................-.-----..........-....-............ 125-235

12 Sand rock............ ....................................... 235-243

13 Slate................ ....................................... 243-248

14 Sand rock.................................................... 248-270

15 Soft white slate............................................... 270-308

Test Septembei 13, 1902, by F W Ward " 110 gallons per minute, water stood 36| to 37 feet from surface 

while pumping. Test lasted seven and one-half hours. Water after pumping, slightly milky "
276 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGKOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Analysis of water from well of Si Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Alexander, Pulaski County, Ark.

[By Prof E H Ken,er ]

Partb per million

Total solid residue.................................................. 302 2

Oiganic and volatile matter.......................................... 77 0

Fixed residue...................................................... 225 0

Incrusted matter (CaCO3 , MgCO3).................................... 107 7

Noninu usted matter (NaCl)......................................... 106 7

NaSO4,MgSO4 .............--.--.......--.-........................ 10 8

7O8. Section of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, East Little Rode, Ark

[By C H Winters ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Clay........................................................ 0-18

2 Fine sand, with some water................................... 18-22

3 Tough yellow clay, with streaks of sand......................... 22-54

4 Blown clay, with large gravel and pieces of driftwood............ 54-58

5 Coarse sand and gravel, water bearing. ......................... 58-66

6 Very hard rock.............................................. 66-

Samples of wood fiom stratum 4 aie but slightly ligmtized

713. Owen a gives the following regarding a salt well neat Ben Lomond "On a live-oak flat in sec 22; 

T 10 S, K. 29 W , is an old salt well which gives a strong reaction of chlorides with nitrate of silver The 

principal constituents of this water aie chloride of sodium, bicarbonate of alkali, bicarbonate of lime, chlonde 

of magnesia, bicarbonate of magnesia, and a trace of sulphates It is said that at one time, with 32 kettles of 

35 gallons each, 20 bushels of salt were made daily for three months, and that it afforded a dry white salt "

717. Partial section oj S R Meredith's well, Ben Lomond, Serner County, Ark

[By S R Meredith ]

f Thickness in feet

1 Soil and clay................................................. . 15

Brownstown

2 Blue marl................................................. ... 100

Bmgen

3 "Coal" (lignite).. ............................................. 3

4 Sandstone, no water

5 Rock

6 Sandstone, plenty of water

Total depth................... ............................... 300

719. Section of well of D A Brooks, near Ben Lomond, Serner County, Ark

[By S 11 Meredith 1 

Quaternary Feet

1 Quicksand andgravel....................................... 0- 60

Brownstown and Bmgen

2 Blue marl and sandstone.................................... 60-140

Bmgen

3 Water-bearing sand, with occasional indurated layers........... 140-180

722. Mr Meredith reports a bed of gravel at 400 feet

723. Partial section oj well ofWI Beck, near Ben Lomond, Sevier County, Ark

[By S R Meredith I 

v Feet

1 Surface sand and gravel..................................... 0-15

Brownstown

2 Blue rock................................................. 15-

<" Second Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of Arkansas, 1800, p 115
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 277

Bmgen Feet

3 Sandstone, water bearing (Claiksville sand).................... -330

4 Blue rock (Eagle Ford clay I) ............................... 330-430

5 Hard white substance, like glass (gypsum 1). ................. 430-540

6 Gravel, water bearing (Woodbine)............................ 540-

738. Section of well of D B Coulter, 1^ miles north o) White Cliffs, Semer County, Ark

[ByJ C nrunnera]

Thickness in feet

1 Water-worn gravel............................................. 3

Brownstown

2 Clay......................... ................................ 30

3 Blue lime marl................................................. 200+

Bingen

4 White sand, water bearing

745. Owenb reports "The country mound Ultima Thule, both in Arkansas and over the line in the 

Choctaw country, is all based on limestone, or maily limestones, of the Cretaceous period, and flats, as well as 

extensive licks, indicative of salt, are frequently encountered I tested the Graham salt water and found 

it to be a strong brine Salt was formerly made here, but the works have been abandoned, piobahly because 

no pains were taken to tube out the fresh and weak water or because the borings were 'not carried to a sufficient depth The salt water rises through the Gryphsea beds of the Cretaceous formation, of which 40 feet 

are exposed in the slope of an adjoining low ridge, on which repose red clay and gravel, thus Coarse giavel 

and red clay, 25 to 30 feet Cretaceous (Gryphspa) limestone The rise of the salt water appears to be in connection with some axis of dislocation ''

745A. Mi J K Ramscy reports "About eighteen jcars ago aman by the name of Groves bored a well 

at Blanchard Springs At the depth of 43 feet he stiuck \vater, and it flowed up to the .surface and is still 

flowing to-day A curb was put in and the watei was raised 2 feet No care is taken with the well, but it 

continues to flow "

746. The following partial analysis of N Bussey's mineral spring is given by Owen c "Bicarbonate 

of the protoxide of iron, crcnate or appocrenate of iron, chloride of sodium It ib a saline chalybeate Its 

medical properties are tonic, slightly laxative, and alterative "

747. Sections of test bonngs in Ouachita River at Franklin Shoals, Union County, Ark (298 6 miles above

the mouth of Black River) d

BORING NO 27

Feet

1 Sand and gravel......... ................................... 0 0 - 6. 56

2 Stiff blue mud, with pockets and streaks of sand................ 6 56-50

BORING NO 27a

1 Gravel and sand............................................ 0 - 8 2

2 Stiff blue mud, with pockets and streaks of sand................ 82-50

748. Sections of test bonngs in Ouachita River at Jacks Island, Union County, Ark (S78 4 miles above

mouth ofBlark River) e

BORING NO 26

Feet

1 Sand, mud, and leaves.................................... 0 - 3 28

2 Gray sand, with very small per cent of clay................. 3 28- 75 62

3 Gray sand, with few small lumps of blue mud.. ............. 75 62- 90 22

4 Very One white sand, with small per cent of white clay....... 90 22- 97 97

oTrans Am Tnst Min Eng ,vol 27,1898, p 51

& Second Report of a Geological Reconnaisance ol Arkansas, ISM), p 112

cOp cit ,p 136

<*Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1902,pt 2,1902,p 1568

«Ibid ,p 1567
278 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Feet

5 Graysand............................................... 97 97-104 99

6 White sand, with binall pei cent of white clay. .............. 104 99-108 27

7 Graysand............................................... 108 27-124 61

8 White sand.............. ............................... 124 61-132 94

9 Giaysand............... ............................... 132 94-135 17

10 Apparently a log, wash very dark, and subbtanre resembles lotten wood (lignite bed').............................. 135 17-143 44

11 White sand............................................. 143 44-144 38

12 White sand, with small per cent of clay.................... 144 38-145 70

13 White sand............................................. 145 70-150 04

14 Blue-giay clay, with pockets and stieaks of band. -...---.... 150 04-201 34

15 Hard brownish rook..................................... 201 34-201 97

16 Blue-gray clay, with pockets and stieakb of sand............. 201 97-

BORING NO 2ba

1 Sand and gravel.......................................... 0 -1043

2 Graysand............................................... 1043-5000+

BORINO NO 261)

1 Yellow sandy clay........................................ 0 - 3 94

2 Yellow sand............................................. 394-525

3 Sand and gravel......................................... 525- 657

4 Blue mud............................................... 6 57- 7 88

5 Sand and mud........................................... 7 88- 12 31

6 Light-gray band. ........................................ 12 31- 17 39

7 Mud.................................................... 17 39- 19 69

8 Light-giay sand.......................................... 19 69- 30 52+

749. Sections ofteist borings in Ouachita River at Pengeethe Shoals, Union County, Ark (#69 7 miles above

mouth of Black Swer) a

BORING NO 25

Feet

1 Blown sand............................................... 0 -984

2 Gray sand and gravei....................................... 9 84-12 24

3 Log...................................................... 12 24-21.56

4 Gray sand................................................. 21 56-32 06

5 Giay sand, with small per cent of clay........................ 32 06-50 00+

BOR1NO NO 25a

1 Yellowibh sand and clay..................................... 0 - 3 55

2 Yellow sand and giavel, with very bmall per cent of clay........ 3 55-19 69

3 Gray sand and gravel, with \eiy small per cent of clay.......... 1969-50 +

T5O. Section of test bonny in Ouachita River at Mane Saline Landing, Union County, Ark (353 5 miles

aooie mouth of Black Kioer) a

Feet

1 Yellowish sand and clay..................................... 0 - 1 64

2 Yellowish sand............................................. 164-411

3 Light-giay sand............................................ 4 11-18 38

4 Mud and band............................................. 18 38-35 44-f

oAnn Rept Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2, p. 1567
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 279

751. Sections of test borings in Ouachita River at Roland Raft, Union County, Ark (2$ G miles above

mouth of Black River) a

BORING NO 23

Feet

1 Brownish sand............................................. 0 -23 23

2 Gravel.................................................... 23 23-35 57

3 Gray sand................................................. 35 57-63 98

4 Very stiff blue-black clay.................................... 63 98-64 58

5 Rock..................................................... 64 58-64 96

6 Very stiff blue black clay ................................... 64 98-68 90+

BORING NO 23a

1 Brownish sand............................................. 0 -9 84

2 Grayish sand.............................................. 9 84-20 67

3 Gravel.................................................... 20 67-30 22

4 Giayish sand.............................................. 3022-50 -f

752. Section, of test boring in Ouaclnta River at Terncks Slough, Union County, Ark (276 7 miles above

mouth of Black River) b

Fppt

1 Yellow sandy clay.......................................... 0 - 4 59

2 Yellowish sand ............................................ 4 59-7 87

3 Gray sand.......................... ...................... 787-1263

4 Broken shells................... ... v ..................... 1263-1328

5 Gray sand, mud, and broken shells........................... 13 28-15 58

6 Light-gray sand............. .............................. 15 58-17 22

7 Broken shells...........--.-..--.----------...-.---.-....-. 17 22-18 53

8 Sand and broken shells....... .............................. 18 53-22 14

9 Light-gray sand................. ........... . ............ 22 14-32 80

10 Gray sand. ............................................... 32 SOT'55. Section of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Higgmson, White County, Ark.

[By C H Winters ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Clay...................................................... 0-30

2 Fine sand.......... ....................................... 30-50

3 Coarse water-bearing sand................................... 50-62 5

758. It is reported that this well interferes with the railroad well about one-fourth mile distant 

Used in boiler, the water forms a large amount of scale, but the addition of a little kerosene is found to furnish 

almost complete relief

Analysis of water from well of Union Oil Company at Bunkie, AvoyeTtes Parish, La

[By E W Brundage ]

Parts per million 

Sodium chloiide (NaCl).............................................. 39 5

Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4 )........................................... 71 -

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ).......................................... 15 5

Potassium carbonate (K2CO3 )........................................ 1 2

Magnesium carbonate (MgCOj)....................................... 183 8

o Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2, p 1566 & Ibid , p 1567

1393 No 46 06 20
280 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Parts per million | 

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ).......................................... 291 4

Silicon dioxide (silica) (SiO2)......................................... 30 0

Oxides of iron and aluminum (Fe 2O3 , Al2Oj)........................... 23 0

Oigamc matter..................................................... 148 0

Total.................... ................................... 739 5

" Charactei istics Odor suggestive of hydrogen sulphide, clear, lui bid on standing, considerable sediment 

Test with litmus alkaline "

759. Section of well of Bunkie he and Bottling Company, Bunkie, Avoydles Parish, La

Quaternary (Foit Hudson) Feet

1 Red clay.................................................. 0-70

2 Quioksand.. .............................................. 70-115

3 Gravel.................................................... 115-140

762A. Mr T L Gilines reports "I had the water from my well analyzed by Professor Caldwell, of 

Tulane University, who leported that it contained a little soda, a little magnesia, some lime, and a tiaee of iron 

and sulphuric acid He did not make a quantitative analysis A well was bored a few miles from me last year 

that behaved quite strangely The curbing was gotten down 64 feet by pumping out sand and letting it &mk 

of its own weight, and then it refused to sink any deepei When they quit work at night there was 4 feet of 

water in the well, but next morning the water could be dipped from the top with a cup held in the hand There 

were constant noises like the escape of ga;», and the height of the water changed often, though it was not 

affected by the stage of water in the river The well finally caved in This well was. bored in the center of one 

of the numerous mounds that are all over this section of the State on the Bluff (Port Hudson) formation "

765. Record uf well of Notches and Marksinlle Oil Company, Marlcswlle, Avoydles Parish, La

[By A W Myers, driller]

	Feet

1 Red clay, with ferruginous concretions...................... 0 - 18

2 Fine red sand............................................ 18 - 42

3 .Reddish sand and gravel containing good, flesh water........ 42 - 132

4 Soft sand rock........................................... 132 - 136

5 Coarse sand and pehhles.................................. 136 - 158

6 Rock................................................... 158 - 158 5

7 Medium red band......................................... 158 5- 174

8 Loose rock and bowlders.................................. 174 - 177

9 Sand and gravel about the size of a pea..................... 177 - 193

10 Red clay............................................... 193 - 199

11 Fine redsand........................................... 199 - 206

12 Coaibe sand.-.-.---.----.--------------------..-....... 206 - 214

13 Red clay............................................... 214 - 222

14 Rock..................................... .. ......... 222 - 222 5

15 Red sand and clay....................................... 222 5- 232

16 Blue sand and giavel.................................... 232 - 243

17 Fine sand and gravel.................................... 243 - 259

18 Sticky blue clay and bowlders............................ 259 - 318

19 Blue clay, with black particles............................ 318 - 333

20 Red gumbo (stiff clayj................................... 333 - 337

21 Blackgumbo........................................... 337 - 360

22 Blue clay.............................................. 360 - 380

23 Medium white sand...................................... 380 - 390

24 Blue gumbo............................................. 390 - 405

25 Blue clay, with mica..................................... 405 - 417
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 281

	Feet

26 Medium white sand...................................... 417 - 425

27 Blue shale.............................................. 425 - 452

28 Very coarse saud (red, white, and blue).................... 452 - 523

29 Blue and red gumbo..................................... 523 - 623

30 Blue shale.............................................. 623 - 631

31 Blue gumbo............................................ 631 - 645

32 Blue shale.............................................. 645 - 663

33 Sticky blue clay......................................... 663 - 697

34 Rock.................................................. 667 - 698

35 Blue sticky clay and shale................................ 698 - 736

36 Blown clay and sand.................................... 736 - 796

37 Blue and red gumbo..................................... 696 - 806

38 Blue clay and sand...................................... 806 - 822

39 Blue clay, rather hard................................... 822 - 827

40 Coal (lignite).........-.................................. 827-8275

41 Blue gumbo............................................ 827 5- 847

42 White rock.................................. .......... 847 - 849

43 Blue and red gumbo..................................... 849 - 855

44 Gumbo and bowlders, almost black........................ 855 926

45 Sand and gravel.................................... . .. 926 - 976

46 Sand and bowlders............................... ...... 976 -1,016

47 Sand, with pieces of wood................................ 1,016 -1,034

48 Alternate layers of sand and rock.......................... 1,034 -1,062

49 Sand, gravel, and bowlders............ .................. 1,062 -1,146

50 Impure limestone........................................ 1,146 -1,147

51 Blue sand.............................................. 1,147 -1,205

52 Lime rock............................. ................ 1,205 -1,207

53 Very daik clay................................. ......... 1,207 -1,280

54 Clay, with iron pyiites................................... 1,280 -1,282

Total depth Deoembci 12. 1902, 1,282 feet, casing, 320 feet In water well screen is placed from 70 to 

100 feet below the si'iface There a-, an abundant supply cf water, but it iq not verv soft

766. Around Marksville water is generally reached between 40 and 45 feet, but the supply is not permanent Below a thin bed of blue clay at about 65 feet a very good supply is reached, which yields slightly 

hard water in large quantities

767. No complete information is available concerning this well According to the drillers it was 800 

feet deep, but it was sounded by Mr. C B Couvilhon, paiish surveyor, about two years after its completion in 

1896 and found to be 290 feet deep As neither the quality nor the supply of water from the well had changed, 

and the bottom encountered at 290 feet was entnely solid, he concluded that this repiesented the total depth 

of the well

Mr H P Touzet, foreman in charge of the work, writes "I left the well after driving the 6-mch casing down 

200 feet to blue clay There is an abundance of water to be found about Marksville at depths of 80 to 200 

feet I have no wntten record referung to the well, but as far as I can remember my successors abandoned the 

work at a depth of 500 feet, after having bored to that depth with a 4-inch pipe without locating wate below 

the 6-inch casing "

G D Harris a repoits "At a depth of 230 feet a 5-foot stratum of lignite was penetrated Mouth of well 

0 3 foot above railroad station, hente approximately 82 feet abo\ e tide

"The gravel bed found between 100 and 160 feet is \erymuch like the gravel found in the wells in the 

southwestern Louisiana rice fields A seam of black clay and lignite was found at 160 feet The gravel below 

the lignite was heavily charged with pyrites " It is doubtless from this layer that the water is obtained

i Water-Sup and Irr Paper No 101, U S Geol Survey, 1904, p 54
282 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBGKOUND WATEE OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

76S. Section of well ofVicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway, Arcadia, Bienvitte Panih, La

[ByH P Touzet]

Feet

1 Yellowandred clay............................................. 0- 30

2 Coarse white sand-..-.......--.-..-..--.-.....-.--.-..--.--.-.. 30- 40

3 Blue clay...................................................... 40-100

4 Fine blue sand................................................. 100-110

5 Blue clay...................................................... 110-150

6 Water-bearing gray sand........................................ 150-165

7 Calcareous rock...................--.-....'--.--...-----.--.-.. 165-175

8 Blue clay...................................................... 175-275

9 Calcareous, rock................................................ 275-290

10 Blue clay, mixed with broken rock............................... 290-415

11 Fine white sand............................................... 415-465

12 Hai d blue clay............ y................................... 465-525

13 Calcaieous rock............................................... 525-530

14 Very stiff white clay........................................... 530-535

15 Blue sand.................................................... 535-540

16 Blue clay..................................................... 540-

769. Analysis of water from mineral well ofDr J C Christian, Arcadia, Bienmlle Parish, La o

[By Maurice Bird ]

Parts per million

Soluble silica..'................................................... 1,114 9

Iron and alumina................................................. 226 7

Lime...............----.-.-.--..---.-----.-..--...-..--.-....... 573 9

Magnesia............... t........................................ 540 2

Potash.......................................................... 11 6

Soda...............--.-..--.-.....-.-.....--.-.......-.....-.... 520

Chlorine....-......-.----.---.-.--.-------.-----.-..----.-..--... 1,647 7

Sulphuric acid.................................................... 1,538 5

"Mainly sulphates and chlorides of alumina, lime, magnesia, and soda "

7 7O. Section of well of John Oigleux, Jamestown, Kienmlle Parish, La

Feet

1 Suiface....................................................... 0- 18

2 Shell marl, with many Osttea sellxformis (Claiborne)................. 18- 30

3 Black clay................... ...............................*. 30-90

4 Dark-colored clay, weathering white.............................. 90-100

5 Dark sand and clay....)......................................... 100-142

6 Sand, water bearing............................................. 142-145

771. Analysis of brine from Kings Salt Works, Bienmlle Pansh, La &

[By Maurice Bird ]

i Per cent 

Sodium chloride.................................................... 6 94

Calcium sulphate.................................................... 01

Calcium chloride.................................................... 152

Magnesium chloride. -----.-.-----.------.....-..-....--.-.....-..-.. 135

Alumina........................................................... 148

Other solids........................................................ 065

a Geology and Agriculture of Louisiana, pt 2,1892, p 47 & Oeol. Survey Louisiana, Ecpt of 1902, p 80
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 283

772. Analysis ofbnnefrom Rayburns Salt Works, Bienwtte Parish, La a

[By Maurice Bird ]

Per cent

Sodium chloride. ................................................... 4 60

Sodium sulphate. ................................................... 022

Calcium sulphate. ...........-----.-.---.-----------------..-------.. 322

Magnesium sulphate. ...................-.-....--.-....--.-..-..-.... 029

Alumina. .......................................................... 061

Other solid matter, partly m suspension. ............................... 03

774. Air lift brings from well fine dark-gray sand, with occasional white quartz grains as large as grains of 

wheat, and nymeious particles of white clay

Dump heap is, for the most part, fine gi ay sand, similar to the Shreveport water sand It shows the 

following succession of strata

1 Red clay

2 Dark-colored clay s

3 Chocolate-coloied clay

4 Gray 01 greenish-gray sand

776. Section of well of Antrim Lumber Company, Antrim, Bossier Parish, La

D Clifford]

Sabine Feet

1 Yellow clay, passing below into blue clay. ..................... 0- 44

2 Lignite of good quality. ..................................... 44- 48

3 Blue clay. ................................................. 48-160

4 Water-bearing sand. ........................................ 160-263

5 Sand and clay, no water. .................................... 263-300

778. Section of well of W H Smith & Son, Benton, Bossier Parish, La

[By J P Clifford 1 

Sabine Feet

1 Slate-colored clay. .......................................... 0-122

2 Gray lock. ................................................. 122-124

3 Still, hard clay. ............................................ 124-140

4 Mahogany-t olored clay. .........-...------.-................ 140-

5 Water-bearing sand

6 "Coal" (lignite)..... ....................................... -350

It is reported that this well flowed for a short time

782. Partial section of well of 8 H Bolinger & Go , Bohnger, Bossier Parish, La

[By L B Clifford ] 

Claiborne and Sabine Feet

1 Yellow clay...... .......................................... 0- 14

2 Sand rock. ................................................ 14- 16

3 Yellow clay......... ....................................... 16-

4 Blue clay. ................................................. -162

5 Water-bearing sand ......................................... 162-235

6 Dark-colored sand and clay, no water. ........................ '235-315

"Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 75.
284 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

783. Section of well at Cash plantation, 3 miles north of Bossier City, Bossier Parish, La

[By A I, Pullm ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Clay, passing below into fine gravel, containing hard water....... 0-130

Sabme

2 Blue clay.................................................. 130-155

3 Sand, containing hard watei................................. 155-160

4 Blue day.................................................. 160-180

5 Sand, with bad water....................................... 180-185

6 'Blue day.................................................. 185-225

7 Lignite.................................................... 225-

8 Blue clay.......................,......'.................... -300

9 Brown clay.. ............................................. 300-315

10 Watei sand, water rises to within 35 feet ol surface............ 315-330

784. Section of well of Ben] Gray, £J miles north of Bossier City, Bossier Parish, La.

[By A L Pullm ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Soil................................................... 00-100

2 Soft red sand, becomes coarser aiid passes into laige gravel.. 10 0- 76 0 

Sabme

3 Rock (probably a limestone concretion)................... 76 0- 79 5

4 Blue clay, with layer of lignite at 160 feet.................. 79 .5-300 0

5 Water-bearing sand (water flowed over top of pipe when well

was first sunk)...............................'......... 300 0-330 0

785. Section of well nfShreveport Cotton Oil Company, Bossier City, Bossier Parish, La

Quaternary (Port Hudson) ^ Feet

1 Surface clay, sand, and gravel................................ 0- 80

Sabme

2 Blue clay, with occasional thin Iayois> of sand................... 80-225

3 Watei-beanng sand......................................... 225-235

4 -Blue clay, containing no watei...-..-. ...................... 235-600

786. Six-inch pipe, 0-70 5 feet, 4-inch pipe, 70 5-168 feet The 6-mdi pipe passes through the 

Quaternary into the Sabme clays

788. Section a/well of Will Sentell, Lake Point, ju/>t above Cedar Bluff, Bossier Parish, La

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Surface clay, passing below into sand and coarsP gravel.......... 0-120

Sabme

2 Blue clay..... ..................... ...................... 120-232

3 Fine sand, containing good solt water......................... 232-240

4 Dark-coloicd clay, containing no water........................ 240-600

Completed in 1902 Watei lowers teadily on pumping

795. The giavel bed which usually lies at the base of the Quatei nary deposits is in this well represented by 

a coarse sand No liguite was encountered

796. Section of well of John Glassell, at Belcher, Caddo Parish, La

[By A L Pullm 1 

Quaternaiy (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Surface clays, passing below into fine gravel-................... 0-96

Sabme

2 Clay...................................................... 96-213

3 Water sand, not passed through........ ..................... 213-225
DESCKIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND 8PBING TABLE. 285

TOT. It is reported that the water is at one time soft and at another time hard, this is probably due to a 

leak in the pipe, which permits the water from the surface gravel to mingle with that in the Sabme sands

TOO. Section of well of M A &J.D Dickson, Dixie, Oaddo Parish, La

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Red sand................................................. 0- 6

2 Red buckshot clay......................................... 6- 12

3 Red sandy soil, becoming coarser below and parsing into coarse

sand....... .-....-....-..,-..-.-..... ........ ...... 12-60

Sab me

4 Blue clay................................................. 60-219

5 White sand, water bearing.................................. 219-225

Sabme and Midway'

6 Blue clay, with occasional rock.............................. 225-371

Well completed November, 1902

§OO. Section of wett of John Sentett, Cairo plantation, %% miles east of Dixie, Caddo Parish, La

[By A L Pullin ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) __ Feet

1 Red s,and................................................. 0- 6

2 Buckshot clay............................................. 6- 12

3 Red sandy soil, becoming coarser below and passing into coarse

sand containing water....................... ............. 12- 85

Sahine

4 Soft white clay............................................ 85-160

5 White clay, changing gradually to dark brown and passing into

-lignite............................. .......... ......... 160-170

6 White sand, water bearing.................................. 170-182

A test well put down at this place reached a depth of 391 feet without developing water A second 

well, a few feet distant, however, obtained water between 170 and 182 feet 

Well completed April, 1902

§O1. Partial section of wett ofGlassell & Adqer, Sodo Lake, 3 miles southwest of Dixie, Caddo Parish, La

[By A L Fullm ]

Feet

1 Overflow sand from Cottonwood Bayou......................... 0 - 3

2 Clay...-..-.-.--... .-...-...-...-...-... .................. 3 -11

3 Soft red sand................................................ 11 -41

4 White milky clay, mixed with white sand and gravel, with little or

no water.................. ............................... 41 -121

5 Haid brown clay..................................... ...... 121 -131

6 Hard blueclay..................................... ........ 131 -255

7 Hard blue rock......................................... .... 255 -278 5

8 Haid black clay............................................. 278 5-283 3

9 Hard brown clay... ....................................... 283 3-294 3

10 Dark-gray clay....... .... ............................... 294 3-310 3

11 Light-gray hard lock........................................ 310 3-311

12 Daik clay.................................................. 311 -364

§O2. Furrh & Co teport that a very small amount of hard water was obtained The driller reports 

shell marl at about 500 feet Well drilled in 1894

SOU. Three-inch casing, 0-132 feet, 2-mch casing, 132-290 feet, 2-inch screens placed at 152-158 and 

262-270 feet Very sandy material from 152 to 290 feet Well first flowed at 270 feet
286 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

8O4. General section of wells in Bed River \ 7alley below Shreveport, Caddo Paruh, La «

[By A L PuIIm ] 

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Thickness m feet

1 Red soil, sandy loam............... ........................ 4-10

2 Red clay and sand, water bearing This stratum is clayey above 

and becomes more sandy below The lower 5 to 10 feet are quicksand This layer is the source ot the highly mineral water which 

is obtained in the driven wejls......................... . -. _ 45- 60

3. Gravel and sand Firmly budded, so much so that it is impossible 

to drive a pipe into it The gravel sometimes leachfs the size of 

a goose egg White chert and quartz pebbles arc common The 

gravel is laigest at the top and gradually grows finer until at the 

base of the stratum it grades into a fine white sand........... 20- 40

Sabme

4 Soft giay sandy clay, containing vegetable remains and occasional

shells......--.------.---,---.------.----------.---------. 8- 16

5, Fine white sand............................................ 0- 40

6 Hard tenacious I luc clay, called "rubbei clay," containing scattered

iron concretions about the size of a pea...................... 40-132

7. Indurated sand, watei bearing Furnishes an abundant supply of 

soft water Water from this stratum generally rises to within 10 

or 20 feet of the surface

8O5» Section of well of Captain Robson, Robson, Caddo Parish, La 6

[By A L Pullm ]

Quaternary (Alluvium and Port Hudson) Feet,

'l Red sandy loam.-.---.--.--..---.---------.---.----.---... 0- 4

2 Fine red clay, with sand.................................... 4-79

3 Red sand, water bearing...-.-.....--......--.-.........-... 79- 82

4 Gravel and sand, same as 3 in well No 804................... 82-106

Sabme

5 Ligmtiferous clay with shells....................... ........ 106-118

6 Biown lignite..................................... ....... 118-121

7 Good black lignite..............................'........... 121-123

8 "Soapstone," soft white friable clay.......................... 123-130

9 Very hard blue limestone................................... 130-131

10 Hard black lignite........................................ 131-135

11 Blue clay............-..-.------.-.-----.-------.-....... 135-225

12 Water sand, not passed through..--.-.-..-.-..-.-.......... 225-

8O6. According to the best information obtained from several sources and from the sections m adjacent 

wells, the strata penetrated in this well are as follows

Section of deep test well of Shreveport Ice Company, Market street and Cross Bayou, Shreveport, Caddo Parish, La.

Sabme Feet

1 Dark-colored clays, with lignite.............................. 0-200

2 Gray sand, water bearing................................... 200-250

Midway and Arkadelphia

3 Blue clay, with occasional hard streaks of rock, no water....... 250-961

Nacatoch \

4 Very hard quartzitic rock................................... 961-

5 Soft sandstone, with occasional hard rock, furnishes artesian salt

water with gas....--..-.-.....----.--.----...........-.- -996

oQeoI Survey .Louisiana, Hopt for 1899 [1900], pp 179-180 &Ibid,pp 180-181
DESCBIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SFBING TABLE. 287

The gas from stratum 5 is used to light the ice lactory Temperature of water, August 22, 1902, 84° F. 

The water used by the ice company is obtained from three wells developing stratum 3

807. Section of lest well of Shreveport Waterworks Company, SJireveport, Caddo Parish, La

[By H F Juengst ]

Feet

1 Yellowclay................................................ 0-38

2 Lignite ................................................ 1.... 38 - 43

3 Yellowclay...........-----.---.--.--....................... 43 -55

4 Sand.......--........--.--.------.....-.............. ..... 55 -57

5 Blue clay............................................. ..... 57 - 62

6 Black clay.................................................. 62 - 65

7 Lignite..................................................... 65 -70

8 Blue clay................................................... 70 -105

9 Clay and sand............................................... 105 -115

10 Blucclay.................................................. 11.5 -135

11 Yellowclay................................................ 135 -160

12 Blue sand and clay.......................................... 160 -165 5

13 Blue clay.................................................. 165 5-190 5

14 Lignite................ ................................... 1905-1935

15 Yellowclay................................................ 193 5-218 5

16 Sand....\................................................. 218 5-228 5

17 Blucclay.............. ................................... 228 5-244

Casing, 6-inch, 0-80 feet ,^ 4 J-inch, 80-136 feet An attempt was made to retcst the well in 1902, but 

yielded no results As the depth to water was at that time only 14 feet, the well had probably caved in 

and the water-bearing strata had been entirely cut oft

Analysis of water from test well of Shreveport Waterworks Company, Shreveport, Caddo Pansh, La

[By Francis C Phillips]

Parts per million

Total solids........................................................ 600

Baldness, expressed in parts per 1,000,000, of carbonate of lime......... 168

Hardness after boiling one-half hour................................. 154

Chlorine.......................................................... 94

Nitrogen as mtrateb............................................. . None

Nitrogen as nitrites................................................ None

Free ammonia.................................................... 38

Albuminoid ammonia............................_._. ............. 04

Oxygen requued.................,................................ 1 38

808. The drillers report 83 feet of 4-inch casing, 44 feet of 2J-mch casmg, and 15 feet of screen, indicating 

that a portion of the supply is from above*142 feet The drilling of this well was carefully watched by Mr 

S Y Snyder, who has furnished the following report

Section of well of Henry Rose, Shreveport, Caddo Pansh, La

[By S Y Snyder] <

Feet

1 Clay and sand................................................. 0- 40

2 Dark-blue clay................................................ 40- 50

3 Yellowclay................................................... 50- 65

4 Quicksand, water bearing....................................... 65- 71

5 Hard blue clay..................................... ...... .. 71-15d*

6 Sand, water bearing.............................. .. . . ... 150-165

7 No record....................................... . .......... 165-175

8. Lignite............................................... ....... 175-177

9 Sand......................... ............................... 177-272

10 Rock........................................................ 272
288 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

§12. The drillers report 4-mch casing, 0-80 feet, 2i-inch casing, 80-169 feet, 10-foot screen, 99-109 

feet; 15-foot screen, 148-163 feet, total depth, 324 feet Completed July, 1901 Cost, $700

§17i Wells Nos 1 aud 2 have 80 feet of 6-ineh casing, 60 feet of 4-mch casing, and 12 feet of 4-mch 

screen at the bottom Well No 3 has 80 feet of 6-mch casing and CO feet of 4-inch casing, no screen

§29. Mr Mayer reports, '' In all the wells in this region water rises to within about 15 feet of the suiface, is^cry soft, and free of alkali It remains pure as crystal at all times, pleasantly cool, and of the same 

temperatuie the yeai round, and extiemely wholesome If allowed to stand exposed to the atmosphere and 

under ordmaiy atmospheric temperatuie it emits an odoi of sulphureted hydrogen, no physical change is 

apparent The water rises from a stratum of beaoh sand "

832. Section of well uf A H Leonard on Bayou Pierre, 10 miles southeast of Shreveport, Gaddo Parish, La.

[By T C Baekus ]

Quaternary (Port Hudson) Feet

1 Sandy clay. -.... ....... .. ... ........................ 0-40

2 Sand and gravel.... . . .... ............. ............. 40-70

Sabinc

3 Dark-blue clay.. ................ ........... ... ......... 70-130

4 No record................ ....................... ...... .. 130

5 Water sand............................... ............... 205

Casing, 2i-mch, 0-80 feet, li-mch, 80-120 feet

§34. Section of well in sec 1, T 20 N , B 16 W , C'addo Parish, La «

Port Hudson , Feet. 

1 Fine loamy sand............................................. 0- 4

2. Yellow and gray mottled clay, post-oak clay.................... 4-11

3 Red clay, with calcaieous concietions in lower pait............... 11-29

4 Blue mud, with vegetable matter and mussel shells............... 29-46

5 Fine blue sand, not passed through..... ....................... 46-55

§35. Section of gin well, Um, (Jaddo Pam>h, La

[By A L Pcillin ] 

Quaternary Feet.

1 Stiff red clay.......... . . . ..... ....................... 0- 8

2 Fine red sand... ...... ....... ....................... 8-15

3 Buckshot soil.......... . . . . ............................ 15-20

4 Very fine yellow sand.. ................ ................... 20- 35

5 White sand, gradually becoming coai SPI ...................... 35- GO

C Fine gravel, size of giam of coin, watei bearing.. ............. 60- 70

Sabme *

7 Blue clay........... .. . . ... .. .............. ....... 70-190

8 Dry white sand..... ....... ....... ................... . 190-198

Sabme and Midway*

9 Brown clay............ ............................ .... 198-348

Midway'

10 Shell mail................ ............................. . 348-400

Arkadelphia

11 Dark-gray clay........................................... 400-650

A second well was drilled to the same depth without obtaining water

«Geol Survey I/ouibiana, Kept for 1800 [1900], p 190
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 289

837. Section of test boring in Ouachita. River near Blankslon, Caldwell Parish, La (1435 miles above

mouth of Blade River).*

Depth in feet

1 Stiff red clay. . .. .... .................................... -... 00

2 Sandy clay................................................ .. ..197

3 Coarse gray sand, with small percentage of clay....................... 22 4

4 Gray sand....................................................... 26 3

5 Black sand and clay..................... ......................... 51 2,

Sections of test borings in Ouachita River near Blankslon, C'aldwell Pansh, La (144 5 miles above mouth of Black

River) &

BORING NO 16

bepth in feet

1 Brown sand, with small percentage of clay.......................... 00

2 Gray sand, with some clay....--..---.-------.....--....---...-... 27 89

3 Still clay, with spme sand......................................... 50

BORING NO 17

1 Dark-gray sand and clay.----.--.-..---....-......-............... 0 0

2 Sand and clay................................................... Ifa 41

3 Gray sand and clay................................... .......... 19 69

4 Stiff, sticky blue clay, with small percentage of sand................. 43 38

5 Still and very sticky blue clay.................................... 50

BOIllNG NO 17a '

1 Sand and clay.---.-.---------.-----.--.---..---... ............. 00

2 Brown sand. -............ .'. ..................................... 1 65

3 Gray sand...................................................... 13 13

4 Gray i?and, with small percentage of clay............................ 34 29

5 Gray sand, with larger percentage of clay........................... 42 66

h Gray sand, with still larger percentage of clay.................. .... 50

838. Section of well of Clark Spur Lumber Company near Claries, Caldwell PamJi, La

[By Obcar Shanks ]

ieet 

1, Clay................. .......----.----.-..----.--.-.--...-.-.- 1-130

2 Pepper-and-salt watei sand..................................... 130-145

3. Oltiy, white and sticky....... ........................... ...... 1-15-208

840. Section of well of Clark Spur Lumber Company near Olailn, Caldwell Pansh, La

[By Oscar Shanks ]

Feet

1 Clay.................--..-.-----.----.--------.----.------.--- 1-110

, 2 Watei sand, led in color........................................ 110-150

I

841. Section of well at Columbia, Caldwell Pansh, La

[By Oscar Shanks ]

Feet

1 Black sandy loam.............................................. 0- 7

2 Brown clay................................................... 7- 17

3 Blue quicksand, lignite, and mica, mixed-......................... 17- 57

4 Gray-colored joint clay, with streaks ot yellow band............ ... 57- 72

5 Soft hlue bandstone.......................... ................. 72- 73

6 Coarse white water sand and gravel (iron water)................... 73- 85 .

7 Blue clay, mixed with shells............................... .. .. 85-102

a Ann Kept Chief of Engineers for 1902, pt 2, 1902, p 1503 

6 Ibid , p ISM.
290 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

	Feet

8 Blue flint rock, with gray-colored streaks......................... 102-162

9 Black sticky clay................ ............................. 102-377

10 Chocolate-colored rock......................................... 377-388

11 Black sticky clay................. ........................... 388-422

12 Clay, with iron pyntc......................... ,.. ............ 422-423

13 Fine sand, with lignite and mica, containing artesian watei........ 423-503

842. Section ofteU bonny in Ouachlta River at Standjield Place, 2 nnles below Columbia, Caldwell Parish, 

La (133 3 nnles above mouth of Black River) «

	Depth in feet

1 Yellowish sand and clay.......................................... 0 0

2 Yellowish sand ............................'...................... 1 62

3 Mud, with gray sand... _........................................ 19 69

4 Gray sand...................................................... 22 31

5 Mud, with dark sand .............................................. 25 10

6. Sand........................................................... 41 01

7 Mud, with sand.................................................. 43 47

843. Section of test boring in Ouachlta, River at Columbia, Caldwell Parish, La (125 6 miles above mouth oj

Black River) «

Depth in feet 

1 Reddish-yellow sand and clay..................................... 0 0

|2 .Reddish-yellow sand............................................. 8 20

3 Giay sand...................................................... 9 84

4 Mud, with sand.................................................. 15 75

5 Dark-giay sand... .............,.........."........ ............. 17 39

0 Mud, with small percentage of sand................................ 24 28

7 Gray sand ...................................................... 24 61

8 Mud, with gray sand............................................. 2903

9 Giay sand....... .................... .. .................... 32 31

10 Sand, with small percentage of mud....... ....................... 36 58

11 Gray sand..................................................... 40 68

12 Mud and sand.................................................. 50 59

13 Mud and sand......... ........................................ 52 49

844. Section of test bor ing in Ouachlta River 1 mile above Columbia, Caldwell Parish, La (126 9 miles above

mouth of Black River) b

Depth in feet

1 Brown sand and clay............................................ 0 0

2 Giay sand ..................................................... 16 41

3 Gi ay-brown sand............................................... 32 81

4 Blue-giay sand, with small percentage of clay and pieces of coal...... 48 23

5 Blue-gray sand, with some clay and gravel......................... 73 43

6 Clay, with small percentage of sand and pieces of rock............... 100 03

7 Very coarse sand and clay....................................... 113 19

8 Giay band...,...............'.................................. 120 47

9 Gray sand, with small percentage of clay........................... 177 07

10 Gray sand, with small percentage of clay.......................... 220 14

a Ann Kept Chief of Engineers for 1902, pt 2, p 1561, 6 Ibid, p 1561
' *

DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AMD SPRING TABLE. '291

845. Section of test bonny in Ouachita River 8 miles above Columbia, Caldwell Parish, La (1S1 5 miles

above mouth of Black River) a

Depth in feet

1 Soft, boggy sand and mud, full of liash............................. 00

2 Gray sand, with bark and wood................... ................ 24 60

3 Gray sand.................................... .................. 4557

846. Section uf test bonny in Ouachita Rwei, 3 mdes above Columbia, Caldwell Parish, La (188 1 miles

above mouth of Black River) <*

Depth in feet

1 Brown sand and clay............................................. 0 0

2 Gray-brown sand, with some clay.................................. 17 02

3 Gray-brown sand, with some clay.................................. 52 49

847. Sections of test borings in Ouachita River at Calls Landing, Caldwell Parish, La (134 5 miles above

mouth of Black River ) 6

BOHING NO 14

Depth in feet

 1 Brown sand, with some clay....................................... 0 0

2 Gray sand....................................................... 9 84

3 Stiff gray-bine sand and clay...................................... 31 08

4 Stiff gray-blue baud and clay...................................... 50 86

BOHING NO 14a

1 Brown bandy nay................................................ 0 0

2 Gt ay sand............ ......................................... 6 56

3 Stiff gray-blue band and rlay....................................... 39 76

4 Stiff gray-blue band and clay...................................... 50 00

848. Section of test boring in Ouachita River at Lower Breston place, Caldwell Parish, La (13% 2 miles

above mouth of Black River) c

Depth in feet

1 Very soft sand and mud ......................................... 0 0

2 Brown sand, with small percentage of clay.......................... 9 84

3 Lot of trash, principally wood..................................... 13 12

4 Fine, clean gray sand............................................. 16 40

5 Coarse, clean gray sand........................................... 19 68

6 Coaibe, clean gray s>and........................................... 45 57

840. Sections of test borings in Ouadnta River at Upper Breston place, Caldwell Parish, La (133 3 miles

above mouth of Black River) c

BOHING NO 13

Depth in leet

1 Brown sand and mud............................................. 0 0

2 Fine gray sand, full of trash ...................................... 16 40

3 Coarse gray sand................................................. 34 78

4 Stiff blue mud, with some sand and pieces of rock................... 44 06

5 Stiff blue mud, with some sand and pieces of rock.................... 52 59

BORING NO 13a

1 Soft brown sand................................................. 0 0

2 Fine gray sand, with some trash................................... 16 40

3 Coarse gray sand...... .......................................... 32 81

4 Stiff blue mud, with some sand and pieces of rock................. .. 47 64

5 Stiff blue mud, with some sand and pieces of rock.................... 52 49

"Ann Kept Chief of Engineers for 1902, pt 2, p 1561 b Ibid ,p 1563 c Ibid, p 1562
292 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

850. Section of test boring in Ouachita River at SmitUand, Oaldwell Parish, La. (131.2 miles above mouth

of Blade River)."

Depth in feet.

1. Brown sand, with some clay....................................... 0. 0

2. Log .........................................'i.................. 9. 84

3. Gray sand, with small percentage of clay............._...'.-......... 10. 50

4. Clean gray sand................................................. 10. 41

5. Gray-brown sand..'.............................................. 21. 33

6. Gray sand, with clay in lumps or layers............................. 32. 81

7. Gray sand, with larger percentage of clay........................... 34.16

8. Coal (lignite).................................................... 46. 03

9. Gray sand and some clay................'......................... 46. 69

851. Sections of test borings in Black Hiver (37.9 miles above mouth) at New Hope place, Gatahoula

Parish, La. &

BORING NO. 1

Depth in feet.

1. Sandy clay...................................................... 0. 0

2. Sand and lumps of mud........................................... 6. 57

3. Dark sand ...................................................... 9. 85

4. Dark sand...................................................... 41. 02

BOEING NO. la.

1. Sandy clay...................................................... 0. 0

2. Dark-gray sand.................................................. 3..9S

3. Darh sand and mud.............................................. 12. 47

4. Blue mud....................................................... 14. 11

5. Mud and sand................................................... 18. 21

6. Darksand...................................................... 29.53

7. Dark sand...................................................... 39. 37

§ 52. Section of test boring in Black River (42.2 miles above mouth) at Star View place, Catahoula Parish, La. 6

Depth in feet.

1. Brown sand and mud..........._....._........................... 0.0

2. Gray sand...................................................... 6. 58

3. Gray sand...................................................... 50. 00

853. Section of test boring in Black River (51.4 miles above mouth) at Jones Bayou, Catahoula Parish, La.b

Depth In feet.

1. Gray-brown sand ................................................ 0.0

2. Clean gray sand................................................. 9. 85

3. Clean gray sand................................................. 50.00

854. Salt springs are described in this region by a number of the early explorers. c They were visited 

by Hopkins in 1871 and pronounced to be of little economic value.

855. Mr. Thomas W. Robertson, field assistant, visited this well August 18, 1902, and obtained from 

Mr. A. A. Arnold, head driller, and Dr. J. C. Harden fossils found at a depth of 1,000 to 1,250 feet. These 

have been pronounced Jackson (Eocene) by Prof. G. D. Harris. The depth at which they were found confirms 

the dip observations made on Ouachita River between Stock Landing and Carter Landing.d

Dr. Harden, with whom the drillers stayed, was greatly interested in the well and kindly allowed Mr. 

Robertson to copy the following from his personal memorandum. It should be noted that it differs materially from the record furnished by the president of the company, and given below, which on the whole more 

nearly agrees with the known structure.

a Ann. Bept. Chief of Engineers, 1902, pt. 2, p. 1562. c Geol. Survey Louisiana, Eept. of 1902, pp. 91-92. 

6 Ibid., p. 1500. <*Ibid.,p.l64.
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 293

Section of well of Catahoula Oil arid Development Company, Leland, Catahoula Parish, La.

[By Dr.J.C.Harden.]

Feet.

1. No record.......:......-.-.--------------..---.---...-.. '0 - 40

2. Coarse gray sandstone, containing pure freestone water....... 40 - ( 60

3. Black clay, with pebbles.................................. 60 - 70

4. Soft sandstone, with water................................ 70 - 246

5. Dark-green clay..............:........................... 246 - 546

6. Sandstone..........-...-.-------------...----.----..--.- 546 - 559

7. Coarse red and white sand ................................ 559 - 601

8. Black and yellow clays..-----..--.-----.--............... 601 - 666

9. Soft sandstone........................................... 666 - 670.5

10. Sand, with soft, warm water .................._...:__.._. 670. 5^ ,700. 5

11. Blackclay............................................. 700.5^, .760.5

12. Yellow clay............................................ 760. 5- ..775. 5

13. Fine gray sand, with water............................... . 775. 5- 800. 5

14. Black clay.............................................. 800. 5- 875. 5 '

15. No record.................-.-.-....-..--!.-............ 875.5-1,000

16. Clay, with shells (Jackson).............. ................. 1,000 .-1,250

17. No record............. .................. ^.............. 1,250 -1,300

18. Very black formation, old seaweed, mud, and lignite (Cockfield)................................................ 1,300 -1,500

19. Sand, with artesian salt water............................ 1,500 -1,645

" 20. Rock, "-gypsum"........-.....:..............'........... 1,645 -1,651

21. Very fine gray gypsum ?; sand; : \vater, not artesian ......... 1,651 -1,701' '

22. Black and yellow clay................:.....,............ 1,701 -1,751

23. Rock.................................................. 1,751 -1,764

24. No record........................:..............:...... 1,764 -1,864

"Pipe was withdrawn from 1,864 to 900 feet, when an'explosion occurred which could be heard over 

three-fourths mile; then a gusher of very foul-smelling gas, mud, lignite, and salty,water shot up over 100 

feet. This contained some oil. Flow continued for twenty-two hours, when it stopped by choking. Before 

flow stopped salty water became quite clear."

The president, Mr. S. McDowell, furnished the following record in February, 1903:

Section of well of Catahoula Oil and Development Company, Leland, Catahoula Parish, La.

[By S. McDowell,president.]

Feet.

1. Gray-mottled clay......................................... 0- 60

2. Quicksand, with water...................................... 60- 80

3. Sandstone................................................. 80- 130

4. Blue or green clays......................................... 130- 370

5. Water-bearing sand........................................ 370-

6. Blue or green clays......................................... -1, 550

7. Artesian salt water......................................... 1, 650- '

No water was encountered between the 370-foot sand stratum and 1,550 feet.

 856. Section of test well of St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Olla, Catahoula Parish, La. 

[From records in the office of E. Fisher, chief engineer of bridges and buildings.]

Feet.

1. Clay...........................;.........:.....,.............. 0-242

2. Water and sand....... 1....................................... 242-254

3. Streaks of sand and clay........................................ 254-257

4. Fine sand, with layers of sand rock and some water................ 257-314

5. Clay and sand in layers......................................... 314-328

6. Soapstone..................................................... 328-341
294 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

.Feet.

7. Gray, hard clay, and black, tough clay or soapstone ............... 341-358

8. Fine sand, water trace.........................'................. 358-364

9: Clay and fine sand, not much water.............................. 364-369

10. Fine sand, not much water..................................... 369-374

§59. Section of test boring in Ouachita River at Oatahoula Shoals, Oatahoula Parish, La. (77 miles

above mouth of Black River), a

Depth in feet.

1. Sandy mud........................................... .^. v ..... 0.0

2. Sand, clay, and gravel............................................ .99

3. Gravel..............."........... ............................... 3.28

4. Gray sand...................................................... 15. 75

5. Blue-brown sandy clay........................................... 30. 35

6. Blue-gray rock.................................................. 52. 50

7. Very hard blue-gray clay or soft rock.............................: 54. 33

8. Soft blue-gray rock.............................................. 76. 18

9. Blue sandy clay.......................................... r ...... 86. 32

10. Gray rock...................................................... 139. 67

11. Blue sandy clay................................................ 140

12. Fine gray sand; water flowed at the rate of 3,600 gallons per hour... 158. 07 

. 13. Fine gray sand; water flowed at the rate of 3,600 gallons per hour... 197.51

§62. Lockett* gives the following regarding this locality: "In the vicinity of La Croix Ferry, and near 

the mouth of Trout Creek, is a small area of about 1 mile square, peculiarly characterized by numerous sulphur 

springs. The best known of these are on the eastern bank of Trout Creek, known as the Catahoula White 

Sulphur, and now owned by Mrs. Ward. Her husband first opened these springs to the public in-1846, and for 

many years they were a fashionable resort for the planters of Kapides and other parishes. Their waters were 

thought to be beneficial to those afflicted with liver complaint, dyspepsia, and all kinds of cutaneous diseases.

"One mile from Wards Springs, on the opposite side of Trout Creek, are the sulphur springs of Captain 

Welch, which are better, more numerous, and stronger than the former, but are not so well known, from never 

having been opened to the public."

§63. Analysis offspring water from sec. 15, T. SI N.,R.4W., Claiborne Parish, La. c

Parts per million.

Silica.............................................................. 52. 4

Peroxide of iron and alumina......................................... 13. 2

Lime.............................................................. 23. 9

Magnesia.......................................................... 7.01

Potash............................................................ 4. 78

Soda.......................................:...................... 22.9

Sulphuric anhydride................................................. 22. 9

Chlorine........................................................... 16. 59

Carbonic acid....................................................... 35. 9

Oxygen absorbed from potassium permanganate in three hours............ .30

No ammonia and mere traces of nitrates, nitrites, and phosphoric acid.

a Ann. E'ept. Chiet of Engineers, 1902, pt. 2, p. 1560. 

& Ann. Kept. Louisiana State Univ. for 1809, 1870, pp. 50, 57.

c Preliminary report on the hill lands south of the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Kaihvay to Alexandria: Geol. and 

Agrio. ol La., pt. 2,1893, p. 118.
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 295

§67. Section ofTejas and Pacific Railviay well at Fish Pond, Concordia Parish, La

[Bv C H Chamberlain ]

Alluvium and Port HudbOn Feet

1 Top soil and clay .. .................. ................... 0-40

2 Blue clay, with btieaks of band....... ..................... 40-70

3 Quicksand......--. ... ........ ........................ 70-%

1 Clay and cottom\ood duft..... ............................ 95-100

5 Loose btones and giavel..................................... 100-105

6 Shaip watei sand and gravel .. ...... ...................... 105-145

§71. Section, of E G Bednck's test laell, S i-~ miles northeast ofFnernon, De Soto Parish, La

Sabine leet

1 Giay sands and clays, with lignite......................... 0- 241

2 Coarse white sand, lost water in large quantities,..... . . 241- 281

Midway and Arkadelphia

3 Daik clay.............................. .............. 281- 301

4 Rock................................................. 301- 302

5 Dark-colored laminated ligmtiierous clay, with large concietions and occasional layers of iron pynte .............. 302- 901

6 Harder clay, did not cave as badly as that, above.......... 401-' 998

Nacatoch

7 Indurated sand, containing Foiammifera^ and Ostiocoda

Furnishes aitesian salt water.........'................ 998-

Marlbiook

8 Blue clay......................... .................... -1,275

9 White limestone, gab at'1,300 feet (Saratoga'0--------- ... 1,275-1,300

10 Light clayey shale, with some band...................... 1, 300-1, 500

Diameter, 8 inches, 0-380 feet, 6 inches, 380-913 feet, 4 inches, 913-1,500 leet Temperature of artesian 

watei August 25, 1902, 70° F Elevation of ground, 1983 feet, top of 4-inch pipe, 2035 ieet above mean 

Gulf level

872. Section of Mississippi River Commission test bonny, Hays Landing, East Canull Parish, La a

LBy E \\ Tlilgard ]

Alluvium Feet

1 Noncalcareous clayey silt, with abundant vegetable mattei not

ligmtized.............................................. 0- 56

Port Hudson *<

2 Coaise sand, with giavel and giains of lignite A clay streak occurb

at 82 5 to 82 6......................................... 56-109

"Uppci Claiborne" (Jackson)

3 Whitibh gieensand mail On wabhing and settling the greenband falls to the bottom, the red sand occupies the middle, and 

thecaleaieoub debris lies on top...--...--.. . -...-.... 127-132

4 Greensand mail like the last, with calcareoiib concretions containing shell fiaginents.--.................... .............. 132-135

5 Concretionsliommail bed, with bhellfragments._.;............. 145-150

6 Bluish cla'y, with lignite grains.... .................. ....... 158-160

7 Fmesandol aclay color, with gieensand .......... ........ .. 166-176

8 Bluish clayey silt, with lignite grains --.-.... ............. 176-181

" This boring at Hays Landing, about 5J miles southwest from the bonng at Lake Providence (873), shows 

m its upper poition the same unusual \anety of matenalb as No 873 Foi that very reason it is extremely 

probable that if it weie ot the older foimation the coriesponchng fossils would be easily found The depth

a Ann Kept Miss River Com for 1883 48th Con? , ls,t sess .House Doc No J7.1884, pp 494,490 

1393 No 46 06 21
296 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

of the alluvium here "may therefore prohably be placed at 56 8 feet, from-this depth to that ot 109 fept theie 

can be no doubt of the true character of thp older or 'bottom gravel '"

Hams0 has identified the following forms from this well Leda mulhltneata (ladial marking on anterior 

only), Leda, depth 135 feet, Venei tcardia plamcosla and V rotunda, depth 137 feet

These forms, together with those obtained from the other borings along tlie rivpr, indicate that this formation is Jackson rather than Claibome /

873. Section of Mississippi River Commission test boring at Lake Providence, East Carroll

Pansk, La.b

[By E W Hilgarcl ] 

Alluvium Feet.

1 Yellowish nonealcareous silt, with maceiated vegetable matter, varying in the proportions of sand and clay every few 

feet.... .................. ....................... 0- 96

2 Blue day.......-............-.--.------.--............ 9 f>- 15 6

3 Yellowish sand, slightly coherent ........................ 15 ')- 29

4 Blackish-blue clay....................... ........... .. 29 -SO

5 Grayish-yellow sand, slightly coheient...... ............. 30 -129

Port Hudson

6 Loose sand, with grains ot lignite......................... 54 8-

7 Fine brownish wit, darker below, with lignite in giains.. ..... 56 - 82

8 Bluish-gray clay...................................... . 82 - 84

9 Clayey silt of a terra-cottacoloi, abundant lignite grains.--.- 100 5-101

10 GiajiJi-yellow sand, vegetable mattei abundant .. ...... 101 -103 2

11 Brownish clay................ .............. . ...... 1032-104

12 Coarsesand, with cheit pebbles.,....................... 109 -1276

13 Black lignite................... ................... .. 127 -1315

14 Whitish-blue sandy clay................................ 131 5-170

15 Fine yellowbh clayey sand.............................. 170 -191

10 Gray sand, with clayey streaks.......................... 191 -247

17 Blackish-brown clay.................................... 247 -248

"Boi ing No 2, the deep boi ing at Lake Providence town, is, one of the most interesting, not only on account 

of the great depth reached (248 feet) and the great variety ot matenals encountered, but mainly from the 

fact that at this gieat depth the Teitiary strata (contrary to the impression of the engmeci in charge) have 

not been reached" For the geneial lun of wells in this section the wntei is inclined to regard stratum 

No 12 as the base of the Quaternary 01 Port Hudson deposits

875. Section of well at Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La c

[By John L Kenned) ]

Feet 

1 1 Black, blue, and led loam.--...-................................... 0-10

2 Fine sand....... ... ........................................... 10-19

3 Coarse water-bearing sand......................................... 19-34

4 "Concrete"...................................................... 34-38

5 Water-bearing sand............................................'... 38-77

6 "Concrete"..... - ............................................... 77-79

7 Sand............ ............................................... 79-85

8 "Concrete". ...................................................... 85-86

9 Water sand. .... .......................................'........ 86-93

"Abandoned at 112 feet, the water being found too ferruginous for general puiposes "

a Geol Survey Louisiana, Rcpt of 1902, p 23 *

6 Ann Kept Miss River Com for 1883 48th Cong ,1st scss , House Doe No 37,1884, pp 494,490.

cGeoI Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 232
BESCEIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 297

877. Section of town well at Colfai, Grant Parish. La f-

[By L B Hart ] 

Port Hudson et

1 Surface..... ..................................... 0- 70 v

2 Watei-bearmg sand and gravel........................... 70- 130

Jackson

3 Very hard clay...................................... .. 130- 300

4 Blue joint clay..... ......... ......................... 300- 550

Cockfield

5 Fine quicksand......... . .............. ............ 550- 650

6 Haid blown clay... ... ... ................ .. ..... 650- 800

7 Sand rock.............. ..... ....... ... ... ....... SOO- 835

8 Alternate layers of quicksand and hlark clay. .. ..... .... 835-1,000

9 Sand rock... ... .......... .. ...... .... ... .... 1,000-1,060

10 Loose sand .... ... ...... ... ..... ........ . .. 1,060-1,100

11 Haid sandstone... .................. .. ... .... .. . 1,100-1,128

12 Haid white clay, not passed through. . . ... ........... 1,128-

"Pipe pulled back and set at 1,103 fppt This watei piovcd to be very salty or full of soda It seemed 

to be piopclled by gases, thp watei rising in a pipe 65 feet above the surface The natuial flow is 60,000 

gallons for twent3'-foui hours "

Mr R S Cameron repoits that below 150 fppt gypsum and shells (principally small spirals) were quite 

common No shells weic found above 150 feet"

880. The aitesian water obtained in the sandstone at 255 feet is used entirely for drinking The well 

was continued to 410 feet without obtaining water except at 500 feet, wheic an impotable water was found 

in a blue mud

881. Section ufwell of Louisiana Lumber Company (Limited), Bochelle, Grant Parish, La

[By Oscar Shanks ] (

Feet

1 White dnt soil..... .. ........... ........................... 1-45

2 Fine sand, with sticks, logs, and acoins.............. ............ 45- 56

3 Alternate layers of blue clay and flint rock, with streaks of salt watei

in fine sand..... ..... ... .. .. . .. ....................... 56-555

4 Alternate layeis of fine white sand and porous chocolate-colored

rock, in layeis G to 12 inches thick, furnishes artesian salt water... 555-565

Mr F T Boles, raanagei of the Lord & Biishnell Lumber Company, Chicago, reports "Well at Rochelle 

was 1,100 feet deep, at ,that depth brackish water with gas was obtained "One of our men who worked 

on the job reports that a slight flow of fairly good water was obtained at 700 leet " This refers to the same 

well reported by Mr Shanks

882. Section of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway at Sandspur, Grant Parish, La

[Ry Oscar Shanks ]

Feet

1 Red clay. .... .. ........................................ 0-50

2 Cemented gravel. ... . .... .. ....... ... ..................... 50-60

3 Coarse gravel and sand . .. . ....................... ........... 60-75

Well finished with a cook strainer 14 feet long

883. Section of well of S Hopper Mill Company, Stay, Grant Parish, La

1 [By Oscar Shanks ]

Feet

1 White and yellow clay.. ... ..................................... 1-20

2 Quicksand....... ..... ... ..................................... 20-30

3 Bluecla>.. ....... . ............... ......................... 30-60

4 Coarse gravel and white sand ..................................... 60-78

o Shells are Incorrectly reported above 150 feet m Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 211
298 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

884. Section of well of Dams Brother 6, Ansley, Jackson Parish, La

[Bj L B Clifford ] 

Claiborno and Sabme Feet

1 Red clay.... ........... ... .... ...... ........... ... 0-22

2 Blue clay and rock ........ .... ................. 22-190

3 Gray sand, water bearing.. ...'. .. ... . ......... r ....... 190-245

885. Section of well ofSuie-JJodge Lumber Company, Hodge, Jackson Parish, La

[B> L B Clifford ] 

Claiboine and Sabme Feet

1 Mail and blue,clay.... .. ............... ......... 0-292

2 Gray sand, water bearing....... . ............... .. ..... 292-300

886. Mr L B Clifford writes "In the Jonesboio well there weie about 70 feet of lignite in different 

layers, balance was blue mail, with occasional rooks The water-bearing sand was gray and about 30 feet 

thick "

887. Section of well nf Wyatt Lumber Company, Wyatt, Jackson Parish, La

[By L B Clifford ] 

Claiborne Feet

1 Blue shell marl............. ............................... 0-70

Claiborne and Sabme

2 Blue clay and layers of lock....... ... . . ................. 70-208

3 Haid-packed sand, layers of blue rock at bottom............. 208-242

4 Fine white sand, water bearing.. . ........ .... ............ 242-252

5 Hard-packed giay sand and rock . . . ........... ........ 252-272

6 Gray sand, watei beating... .. . . . .......... .... ... 272-302

888. Analyses <>f spring water from Chautaugua grounds, near Ruston, Lincoln Parish, Lao,

[By Maurice Bird]

Constituents (in parts per million )

Soluble silica . ....

Iron and alumina . . ....

Lime . . ....

Magnesia . ... ..*___ . .

Potash. . .... . .

Soda . . ... .

Chlorine . ......

Sulphuric acid . . ......

Phosphoric ami - ... . .

Nitrogen as nitrates . .....

Nitrogen as nitrites . .. . .

Nitrogen as ammonia .... . ....

Carbonic acid ....

Griffin Springs, 

 No 1

47 4

26 3

26 3

11 6

Trace

' 19 0

7 2

11 5

Trace

Trace

None

None

Not determined

Griffin Springs, 

No 2

45 5

41 0

20 3

15 0

Trace

20 3

5 5

12 8

Trace

Trace

None

None

Not determined

Geology and \gnculturc of Louisiana, pt 1, 1892, p 47

 

Both springs are slightly chalybeate
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 299

§9O. Section of well of Ruston waterworks, Kuston, Lincoln Parish, La

[By L B Clifford ]

Feet

1 Sand....-............---------------------------.--..--....... 0- 18

2 Light-blue (.\&y................................................. 18- 59

3 Water-bearing sand......-..--....-----....-.-.................. 59- 60

4 Rock................-.-----.--------------------............. 60- 61

5 Blue clay, with limestone concretion.............................. 61- 67

6 Water-beat ing sand-... - --------------------------------------- 67- b8

7 Clay.......................................................... G8- 69

8 Rock............. ........................................... 69-74

, 9 Water-bearing sand..... ....................................... 74-76 *

10 Rock..-.-..-...-..-- -.--.--.-..---.--.-----..-.. ..-.'...... 76-81

11 WatPr-beaiing sand...---.------- ............................. 81- 84

12 Rock..... ......... ............. ......................... 84-85

13 Water-bearing sand............................................ 85- 86

14 Clay, with occasional rocks.................................... 86-120

15 Water-beaiing sand.------....... ............................. 120-12G

16 Clay, with occasional rocks........... ......................... 126-152

17 Water-bearing sand............................................ 152-154

18 Clay, with occasional rocks...... ................. ............ 154-373

19 Water-bearing band- -.......................................... 373-425

Pipe was perforated between 120 and 126 leet and between 373 and 425 feet

§93. Section aj V icksbnrg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway test well at Delta, Madison Parish, La.

[By R 13 Coxo ]

Alluvium and Poit Hudson Feet

1 Clay.................................................... 0- 12

2 Quicksand. .................................. v ......... 12- 50

3 Light clay, passing below into sand and gravpl............... 50- 118

4 Coarse gray water-bearing sand............................ 118- 135

5 Clay, no watei...................,-........................ 135-1, 200±

§94. Pronounced by State experiment station a good drinking water

§95. " WelU in the valleys and on the bayous are generally fiom 25 to 50 feet deep on the hills, from 

60 to 150 feet The water is in most cases slightly hard There is a flowing well in T 19 N , R 16 E , and 

one that flows at times in the channel ot Bonne Idee Bayou in T 21 N , R 7 E Sulphur springs abound 

along upper Bartholomew and Boeuf rivers "

§96. Section of well at court-house, Bastrop, Morehouse Parish, La

[By W A Harrmgton I 

Port Hudson Feet

1 Clay and soil.......---.-.-..-.--.--.------.-..-.---.....-.- 0-25

2 Dry sand.................................................. 25- 65

3 Medium coarse sand, filled with good, almost pure, water........ 65-153

4 Ilai dpan .................................................. 153-

§97. Section of well ofSt Lows, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Collinston, Morehouse Parish, La,

[By C H ft inters ] 

Alluvium and Port Hudson uet

1 Sandy clay and soil------..................................... 0-10

2 Hard gumbo and yellow clay.................................. 10-64

3 Fine sand............ ...................................... 64-68

4 Coarse sand and gravel........................................ 68-71

5 Fine sand....... ........................................... 71-78

6 Giavel and sand.............................................. 78-81

Well is furnished with a No 4 Cook well strainer When pumping 140 gallons per minute the water 

level remains unchanged
300 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

§9§. Section of well of St Loms,Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Mer Rouge, Morehouse Parish, La

[By Osc.tr Shanks ] 

Port Hudson Feet >

1 Black-soil.......................... ............... ........ 0-6

2 Stiff clay.... .................. . . ........................ 6-79

3 Watei-bearing sand. .... ....... .... ........ ........... . 79-89

9OI. Mr D G Petty reports "A well 1 inch in diametei was sunk here in the early part of 1902, and at 

412 feet water flowed from the pipe 20 feet above ground for halt a day The pipe was on a rock, and as that 

was the time of the oil excitement the woikmen concluded to go through the rock and stuke oil The rock 

was penetrated and the watei ceased to flow Nothing moie has been done to the well except to remove the 

pipe The pipe was never fast and one man could easily tuin it at any time The water was very good for 

drinking Did not test fot hard or soft

9O4. Partial section of test well at Drakes Salt W orl±, sec '.-7, T 13 N , R 5 W , Natchitothes Parish, La

[By II II Tones ]

leet

1 Yellow sand clay....................... ....................... 0- 5

2 White sand, with watei which steams all right in a hoilei, but turns

deep led and ooats everything with a salt} ciust................... 5-42

. 3 Cypress log, veiy much decayed, chai ted on one side................. 42- 43

4 Soft sand, gravel, and streaks ol clay of \ anous colors so mixed in drilling

that we could not classify or give sti atiiieation .................... 43-318

5, Very porous ciystallme limestone, crevices filled with white and yellow ealcite crystals............................................ 318-475

"At 150 feet a foam found on the water which tasted vei\ much ot alum, puckering the mouth very 

much "

Samples from stratum 5 are m every nay identical with the limestone found at the Winnfield "Marble 

Quarry "

9O6. Partial section of well of,]' W Docket-ham, }> , Luella, Natchitochet, Parish, La

Alluvium and Port Hudson Feet

1 Surface loam ............ ...... ... .. ..... ........ 0 - 36 '

Transition

2 Sand and giavel, with large ligimtized cottonwood (') log at 270

feet............................... ........ ........ 36 -300

Sabine

3 Rock... ... ....... ... . ....... . . ............ . 300 -304

4 Blue clay, with occasional roeks seveial feet thick............ 304 -640

5 Sand, with aitisian salt water.......... .. ............... 640 -

6 Fossililerous sand, with artesian salt watei..... .... ... ... 700 5-707

Mr Cockerham has three wells on his place which obtain water from the sand and giavel stratum No 2, 

and which are, lespectively, 36, 86, and 106 feet deep The water in these stands horn 18 to 21 feet below the 

surface, and from the 36-loot well a supply of 10 gallons per minute has been pumped without affecting the 

watei level.

90§. Section ofweU ofMontrose Lumber Company, Montrosf, Natchitoches Parish, La

Alluvium and Port Hudson Feet

1 Suifare clay and loam............. ......... .............. 0-80

2 Quicksand, abundant supply of water, but it can not be used in

boilers.............................. ........... ... ... 80-180

Jackson and Cockfleld

3 Blue clay, with fossil shells, no water.. . . ........... ... .. 180-496

Well sunk in January, 1899 Judging from the depth of the water-bearing sand in the Weaver Spur 

well, watei should be obtained at this place at a depth of about 600 leet (P 138, PI XXXVII, sec E )
DESCBIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 301

910. Sectifin of well at vritenuoiLs, N atclMoches, NattJutochei, Parish, La

[By Judge C II Levy] 

Claiborne Feet

1 Red clay................................................... 0- 5

2 Blue claj ................................................... 5-12

3 Red clay.......... ........................................ 12-13

4 Blue and red sandy clav...................................... 13-16

Sabine

o Fine gray quicksand, vpiy \ anable in thickness.................. 16-39

6 Black sandy clay.......... ... .. .................. ....... 39-40

7 Coaise gray sand, not passed thiough........................... 40-64

The well at the waterworks consists ot a dug well, 30 feet in diameter and 19 feet deep, in which five 11- 

mch pipes and one 3-mch pipe have becnN drrven to a depth of 40 to 45 feet below the bottom of the well The 

watei flows rapidly from the top of thesp pipes into the well

911. The following lecord has hpeu piepaied from the statements of President Caldwcll, and ftom data 

collected on the ground while the well was being dulled

Section of well ofNonnal Scltool, Natchitochei,, Natchitothes Parish, La

, Feet

1 Red and chocolate clays...................................... 0 - 34

2 Soft sandstone, uon stained......... ......................... 34 - 35 5

3 Giay sand, with a moderate supply of \eiy salty water, rising to ' 

within 14 inches of tlie surface......... . .............. ... 35 5- 38

4 Alteinate beds of blue-giay and led-giav sandstone and blue clay, ( 

w ith occasional bits of pynte and lignite ....................... 38 , - 96

5 Veiy fine, nearly pm? white sand, with a huge supply Qf water, not

distinctly salt ... .............. ......................... 96 -108

6 Chocolate clay, blue clay, and thin beds ol sand.................. 108 -134

s 7 Iron pynte... .............. ... ........... . ............ 131 -144

8 Coaise, white, rounded sand.... .............................. 144 -156

9 Pynte..... ....... ... ... . ..... ....... . .............. 156 -160

10 Alternate layers of clay and s<ind, with one 01 h\o thin beds of

rmpui e lignite.. ..... ................. ............. ... 160 -462

11 Sheik ,ind giavel.................... ...................... 462 -496

12 Blue clay..... ............. ............... .............. 496 -558

13 Lignite....... ........... .............. ............. ... 558 -558 5

14 Blue clay. ............'................ .................. 558 .5-560

15 Lignite.... ... ... ........... .... ...................... 560 -571

16 Blue clay, with occasional seams of lignite...................... 571 -637

17 Gray clay, with limestone concietions. ... ..."................ 637 -680

18 Lignite............. ..... ................................ 680 -700

19 Sandstone.......... ...... .... . . .. ................... 700 -704

.20 Soft blue clay. ............ . ...... ... ......... ........ 704 -710

21 Light-gray sand with aitesian salt water and gas............... 710 -726

Harris" adds the following intoimillion, obtained from the foieman of the Andrews Well Company:

Partial section of tidl of Normal School, Natdntoches, Nalchitodies Pam&h, La

Feet

1 Greenish buttle clay, with shells ................................ 0-547 v

2 Lignite......... .................... ........................ 547-558

3 Clay, with shells............................................... 558-678

4 Bowlder...............-.----.-.. ............................ 678-681

5 Clay (no shells), rock, fine sand... ......................'........ 681-728

oGeol Survey Louisiana, Rept of 1902, p 210
302 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBGKOTJND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

913. Analysis of water from Iron Spnngs, near Natchitoche^, NatchitocJtes Parish, La a

[By Maurice Bird ]

Parts per million. 

Silica.............................................................. 64 0

Iron and aluminum oxides............................................ 8 0

Lime (CaO)............................................. .......... 12 0

Magnesia........................................................... 9 3

Sulphuric acid (SO,)..................................... . ........ 20 6

Potash............................................................. 40

Soda,.............................................................. 22 0

Chlonue..................................... ........... .......... 174

"Water is colorless, but contains a Lttle brown suspended mattei, it is neutiul to litmus paper and 

practically tasteless "

914. Analyfn,<> of water from Breazeale Spnnq, 3 miles northwest nf Natchitoche^, Natchitoches Parish, La.b

[By Maurice Bird ]

Parts per million 

* Silica,............. ................................................. 55 0

Iron and aluminum oxides..................... ...................... 40

Lime (CaO)....... ................................................ 90

Magnesia. ........ ................................................ 57

Sulphunc acid (SO,)............. ..................... ............ 20 b

Potash........... ..... .......................................... 10

Soda.................................................... ......... 22 0

Chlorine. ......................................................... 17 4

"Water is clear and colorless, neutral to litmus pappi, and piactically tasteless "

918. Section* of test borings in Ouac/iita River near Bosco, Ouachita Parish, La (15y miles above mouth of

Black River) < 

BORING NO 18

Depth in feet

1 Yellow sand..................................................... 00

2 Gray sand, with small percentage ol clay.. ........... ............. 13 12

3 Mud...............................!.. ......................... 3609

4 Mud, with small peicentagc of sand.......... ...................... 43 %

BORING NO 18a

1 Fine, clean band......................................... ........ 0 0

2 Fine gray sand and mud............................ ............. 4 43

3 Coarse gray sand and blue mud, with giavel. ..............^ .... . . 17 06

4 Clean gray sand..^ ........................ ........... ........ 17 56

5 Gray sand and mud.............................................. 23 46

6 Mud, with small percentage of sand.............. .......... ...... 21 78

7 Mud. ........... .................. ................... ....... 25 10

8 Mud............................................................ 32 14

iGeol Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1S99 [1900],p 148 

f &Ibld,p 148

(.Ann. Kept Chief (if Engineers for 1902, p 1304
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 803

919. 'The following section of the well of the Louisiana Oil Company was prepaied from samples at the 

well.

Description of samples from well of Louisiana Ou Company, 3 miles southeast ofChemere, Ouacklta Parish, La

[By A C Vratcb]

Depth in fcot

1 Dark clay............................1........................ 10

2 Light, sandy clay............................................... 35

3 Mottled clay................................................... 45

4 Pebbly clay.................................................... 55

5 Dark, stiff clay................................................. 65,75

6 Dark, sandy clay............................................. 85, 95,105

7 Dark band..................................................... 115

8 Dark sand, with small shells............................. 125,135,145,155

9 Dark, sandy clay......................... ............. 165,175,185,195

10 Light clay ................................................... 205

11 Light clay and sand........................................... 215

12 Haid clay........................... < -............... 225,235,245,255

13 White saiid................................................... 265-275

14 Sand and clay....... ........................................ 285, 295

15 Clay, with shells............................................... 305,315

16 Ligmtic. clay.................................................. 325

17 Lignite and sand.............................................. 335, 345

18 Sand......................................................... 355,430

19 Ilaidcky.................................................... 445

20 Clay and sand................................................ 455

21 Gray sand, repoi ted to contain artesian water..................... 465-515

920. Sections of test borinys in Ouachita River near Logtovm, Ouachita Parish, La (160 1 miles above mouth

of Black Rwer) a

BORING NO 19

Depth in feet

1 Blown sand and trash............................................ 0 0

2 Brown sand......... ........................................... 164

3 Sand and coarse gravel............................................ 13.12

4 Very still, sticky hlue-black clay................................... 23 78

5 Very btift, hlue-black clay, with pockets and btreaks of greensand and

shells, also many small pieces of rock, some as large as a heii'b egg. 37 73-50

BORING NO. 19a

1 Brown sandy clay................................................ 0 0

2 Biown sand..................................................... 1 97

3 White band...................................................... 13 13

4 Sand and coarbc gravel............................................ 19 69

5 Sand and coarse gravel, with smairpercentage of clay................. 28 12

6 Still, sticky blue-black clay........................................ 34 78

7 Very stiff clay, with pockets and streaks of greensand marl............ 42 65

8 Very stiff clay, with pockets and streaks of greensand marl, also bev-

	eral pieces of i ock about the size of a hen's egg.................. 49 22-50

a Ann. Kept Chief of Engineers for 1902, p 1564.
304 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS. -

921. of waters from wells of the Consolidated Ice Company, Monroe, Ouachlta Parish, La 

[By Maurice Bird ]

Constituents (in parts per million)

Soluble silica . 

Iron und alumina 

Lime ... 

Magnesia . - 

.Potash.. - 

Soda .... 

Chlorine . 

Sulphuric acid 

Phosphoric acid 

Nitrogen as nitrates.. 

Nitrogen as nitrites 

Nitrogen as ammonia 

Carbonic acid

Jackson Boone 

well well

14 022

27 018

14 022

2 394

3 702

U24 C94

24 795

7 524

12 82 j

None

None

None

177 840

60 958

iO 438

17 955

6 420

3 762

259 407

27 018

9 405

17 784

None.

None

None

87 039

a Report on the hills ol Louisiana north of the Vicksburg, Shre\eport and Pacific Itwy Geol and Agnc of La , pt 1 5 

1893, pp 45-47

Sectwn vfwell of Consolidated Ice Company, Monroe, Oug,chda Parish, La

Port Hudson Feet

1 Clay and eaith ..__.,.._........._...............__....... 0-40

2 Sand, watei bearing. ....................................... 40-60

3 (^y... ................................................... 60-65

4 Water-bearing sand. ........................................ 65-75 '

5 Hai d clay. ................................................ 75-90

6 Coarse sand and gravel. ................................... I . 90-95

Claiboine and Sabine'

7 Blur1 clay mixed with sand and a few layers of rock. ............ 95-250

Sabme

8 Sand, with some black substance like lignite, water begins to

flow at 250 feet and flow increases with depth. ............... 250-400

923. There are three wells at the watei works, but because of the large amount of miueia] matter the 

water is used only in case of me The mam supply is derived from Ouachlta Rivei In 1898 Mi Strong 

gave the following record of this well

Section of waterworks well No 1, Monroe, Ouachtta ParuJi, La.

[By Will A Strong ] 

Port Hudson , Feet.

1 Clay and quicksand. ........................................ 0-80

Claiboine and Sabme

2 Solt bluish clay. ........................................... 80-180

3 Blue marl, with shells. ...................................... 180-190

4 Rock............................................'......... 190-191

5 Soft blue pipe clay. ........................................ 191-289

Sabme

6 Water-bearing sand. ............ ........................... 289-385

The water first began to flow at 289 feet and the flow increased with the depth.
DESCRIPTIVE "NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 305

934. Analysts of water from deep well of Planters' Oil Company, Monroe, Ouachita Parish, La a

[By Maurice Bird ]

Parts per million 

Soluble silica..................................................... 71 820

lion and alumina......-..........--..--.-.-..-...--....-.---..-.. 52 068

Lime.......-.......-.....-..-.--.-.-.---.-----..--..-----..-...- 7 182

Magnesia........................................................ 14 364

Potash .................. ..................................... 7 524

Soda..................... ..................................... 252 909

Chloime--................ ...................................... 53 865

Sulphuiic aoid............. ...................................... 9 234

Phosphoric acid..................... ..........................__. None

Nitrogen as nitrates............................................... None

Nitrogen as nitrites................................................ None

Nitrogen as ammonia ............................................. None

Caibomc acid..................................................... 102 942

928. Sections of test lionngs in Ouachita Rivet at Monroe, Ouachita Parish, La (183 4 miles above mouth

ofBlatl River) '<

BOHING NO 20 v

Depth m feet

1 Brown sand..................................................... 0 00

2 Giay sand.................... .................................. 17 39

3 Blue-black clay and sand.......................................... 40 22

4 Blue-black clay and sand.......................................... 51 38

BOEING NO 20a

1 Blown sand and clay... ......................................... 0 00

2 Biown band............ ......................................... 328

3 Grayibh sand.................................................... 22 96

4 Blue-black day, with some mud.................................... 36 28

5 Blue-black day, with some mud.................................... 50 20

BOH TNG NO 20b

1 Yellow sand and mud............................................ 0 0

2 Guiy sand................................................'..... b 56

3 Coarse s,and mixed with gtavel and mud............................. 22 31

4 Coarse bits of bioken gravel and band............................... 23 95

5 Sand... .......... .. ......................................... 25 59

6 Fine sand and mud.!.. ....... .................f.......... ....2723

7 Mud................... ....... ........................ ....... 2855

8 Blue mud......... .................................... ........ 3150

9 Mud and sand......... .......................................... 33 79

10 Mud....................... ............................... ... 30 42

11 Mud and sand....... ..................................... ....4101

12 Mud and sand.............. ................................... 43 97

	BOKING NO 20c Depth in feet

1 Clean white sand................................................. 0 00

2 Yellow-sand.............................................. ....... 526

3 Wet biovrn sand................................................ 5 58

4 Wet black sand............................... .................. 591

5 Gray sand....................................................... 12 47

b Fine sand and mud............................................... 35 86

7 Blue clay........................................................ 39 77

a Report on the hills ol Louisiana north ot the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Ewy Geol and Agnc uILa.pt 1, 

1893 PP 4.5-47

6 Ann Eept Chiet of Engineers for 1902, pp 1564-1565
306 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

929. Sections of test borings m Ouachita River at Koch Row Shoah, Ouachita Parish, La (200 9 miles above

* month of Blacl, Bwei') a

BOKING NO 21

Depth in feet

1 Biown-giay sand, with small percentage of clay................. 0 00

2 Blown sandt........... .... ... ......................... 1 64

Claiborne

3 Very stift clay and gieensaud marl.... ..... .................. 24 27

4 Veiy stiff clay and greensand mail, with a few shells....... ..... 44 70

5 Rock..... ................. .. ... ................ ..... 6273

6 Veiy stifi clay aud giecnsand marl, with a few shells........... 02 99

7 Samp clav, with moie greensaud and pieces of rounded lock, size 1

inch........._._._[__ ................................... 6962

8 Rock.................................. .......... ........ 70 99

9 Greciisand, with small pcicentage of Hay ....... .... .. ... . 71 68

10 Greeusand and clay................................. .. ... 74 45

11 Stiff clay with some greensand and a few small shells....... ... 78 74

12 Very stitf blue-black clay, with a few small sheik............. . 82 02

13 Rock...... ...... ............. . . ........... ..... ... 10239

/ 14 Veiy stiff blue-black clay, with a few small shells............... 102 72

15 Very stiff daik-brown clay and sand, with some shells........... 117 97

16 Gray rock, very hard and full of shells.. .................... 126 31

17 Dark-gray sand arid clay, with shells... ...... ............... 126 46'

18 Rock..... ................... ..... ..................... 131 36

19 Blue-black clay, with shells, and sand......................... 131 69

20 Gray and green rock full ot shells... ......................... 14b 78

21 Very stiff elay, with shells and pockets of sand. ................. 149 14

22 Gray-green rock full of shells...... ................... ... 15370

23 Very stifl clay, with shells and sand.. . . ............. ..... 155 02

24 Gray-green rock full of shells......... ................. ... 15G 39

25 Giay-gieen rock full of shells.......... .................... 15705

BORING NO 21,i

> s Depth in feet

1 Biown-giay saud and mud............. ...................... 0 00

2 Greeiisand marl, with large percentage of elay............... .... 16 40

3 Stratum ot tock about 1 inch thick................... ..... ... 40 35

4 Very stifl greensand and clay............ ...... .... ..... ... 48 49

5 Veiy stiff mud or soft lock...................... ............. 62 79

933-S3O. In 1894 and 1895 four wells weie put down by the uty ot Alexandria two near the cornel of 

Monioe and Fourth streets, where the waterworks now stand one behind the city hall, and the fourth on the 

coiner of St James and Fomth streets All these were flowing wells, the water rising from 4 to 10 feet above 

the surface, and weie used at fiist to supply public watenng troughs After the installation of the waterworks 

in 1895, the yield of the wells at the city hall and St James and Fouith streets gradually decreased Foi 

seveial years they would cease flowing when pumping began at the watei works, and iccommcnce ahout three 

houis alter the pumps had stopped Since 1899 they have not flowed at all, and the watei level is gradually 

lowering On August 6, 1902, it was found to be ft 0111 58 to 00 feet below the surface in the city-hall \voll, and 

49 feet in the well at St James and Fourth stieets (fig 31)

No lecord was kept of these wells, and the vanous lepoits received concerning them are veiy contradictory 

and confusing The following represents the best data obtainable

Well behind city Jiatt Diameter, 15 inches, completed in 1894, flowed intermittently until 1899, the 

water supplying a public watering trough On AugustJ), 1902, the well was sounded and found to be 473 feet 

deep; about 20 feet of sand had accumulated in the bottom, but the plumb bob finally reached hard clay

"Ann Bnpt Chief of Engineers for 1902, pt 2, pp 15flfl-l500
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 307

No 1 Diainetei , 4 inches, strainer, 2 5 inches, completed 1898 Mr H 0 Kenneker, 

foreman in charge of the drilling, states that the well is, 560 feet deep, the watei-beaimg sand extending from 

540 to 560 teet This, with well No 2, was pumped with a direct-auction pump from 1895 to 1901, when an 

air htt was installed The air-htt pipe is 198 feet long, and the air pressure on August 4, 1902, indicated that 

the water was at that time approximately 

138 feet fiom the sm face Mi Ira W Sylvester, city engineer, states that it takes 

over a day foi the « ater m No 1 to ribe to 

within 3 feet of the surface Yield of well 

April 16, 1902, 53 gallons m twenty-seven 

seconds

Waterworks well No 2 Diameter, 10 

inches, 0-210 feet, 8 inches, 210-612 feet, 

4 inches, 612-760 feet Mr H C Kennekei, the drillei, reports that waterbearing sand was encountered at 540, 620, 

and 760 feet, and that strainers were 

placed at each of the sands Mr Ira W 

Sylvester, city engineer, ib of the opinion 

that there aie no strainers m the well at 540 

and 620 feet, because pumping well No 2 

does not affect the watci level in well No 1 

Yield of well April 16, 1902, 53 gallons m 

twenty-six seconds On August 6 the depth 

of water was about 110 feet

Well corner St Jamei and Fourth 

streeis Diameter, 2 inches, flowed origiw 5- O «

1 ^ 1 \ 

4i b! <5 ^ ^%^| 

g Slope of wafer surface rn deep nefls 1895 S^i?

feet 

60

4O 

20 

0 

20

40 

&0 

SO 

100

Ground tevef

Sea, Level

S$^6 <°

\- /V

AT

* --'*'**

*. "Ja c e 

r s*<*

*?

1 ^

Zii* ^

~t~e713

oz.

o IDOO sooo 3000 feet

Fie, 31 Curves showing head in deep wells at Alexandria, La m 1S95 

and on August 6,1902 Note ettect of pumping nally 10 feet above the surface flowed intermittently from 1 894 until 1899 On August

6, 1902, well was sounded and found to be 60h feet deep bottom of the casing was filled with about 50 feet

of sand plumb bob finally struck hard bottom

In order to obtain sonic idea of the effect of pumping the waterworks wells a number of observations were 

made 011 the wells at the city hall and St James and Fourth streets, on August 6 and 7, 1902 Both of the 

waterworks wells had been pumped steadily up to this time, and well No. 1 was cut out from 10 15 a m to 6 

p m , August G The water m the city-hall well rose steadily after the pumping of No 1 ceased, indicating

T,me of 

pumping 

wafer war As 

V*ell3_^s=4

76Oftdeep «$&£

St James snd 

Fourth street we//. 

«: ^ C6O6 feet deep} 

jt O 

^ 5

P^ k City Hal! well 

o 5i (4 73 feet deep) '

it!

Time

 V* ~-~+

f*

_

^^-

A*.

 1b 

t AUGUST 6

] ;

^= L^~

rAlieUST 7

270-J 

^<^?^i

8 

»,?-G 

ISO fc

'«t 

130^

ies

FIG 32 Diagram showing effect of pumping in waterworks wells on the water level in the wells at thecitv hall and St 

James and Fourth streets, Alexandria, La , August 6-7,1002

that these two veils depend on a common hoiizon The well at the corner of St James and Fouith streets 

howevei, did not show any fluctuation which could cleaily be attributed to the increased demand on well No 

2 (fig 32)

937. In 1900 a well was staited for the St Loins, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, near the roundhouse, by the Hart Well Company Mr Hart lias furnished the following statement regarding it "The well 

was drilled to a depth of 858 feet Water was struck at 850 feet, but, through a disagreement with the railroad
308 GEOLOGY AND TJNDERGBOUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

company, was not developed A considerable thickness or sandstone was penetiated befoie reaching 850 feet, 

below this was loose sand "

The following has been taken from a bluepimt, dated Februaiy 8,1900, on file in the lion Mountain Railway office at Bearing Cross, Ark

Partial record of well of St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, Alexandria, Rapides Parish, La

Port Hudson Icot

1 Soil.. ................................. ....... ..... .... 0-60

2 White sand....................... . .. ................... 60-75

3 Yellow sand...... ..... .... ...... ...................... 75-80

4 Bowlders............... .. ............... ............. 80-90

Catahoula

5 Solid rock....,.._........................_................ 90-110

0 "Slate" (blue clay) and sand rock.... _ v.................. .... 110-390

7 Sand lock-.-.....-...-.-...-.-.. .. ...................... 390-402

8 "Shale" (blue clay), sand rock, and blue soapstone (blue clay)... 402-520

9 Sand rock........................... ..... ........ ...... 520-528

10 "Shale" (blue clay), sand rock, and blue soapstone............ 528-540

Casing, b-ineh, 0-300 feet, 4-inch, 30CJ-4S2 feet

93!*. In 1902 two test wells were put down on the property of the Alexandria Ice and Storage Company, 

near the comer of Monroe and Sixth streets, by the Andrews Well Company Mi James Drouant, foreman, 

has furnished the following data "In well No 1 watei was struck at 480 and 580 feet, stiatum at 480 feet 

yielded 60 gallons per minute, vvatei from 580 feet stood within 60 feet of the surface "

Section of second te^t well of the Alexandria Ice and Storage Company, Alexandria, Rapides Parish, La.

[By James Drouant ]

	Feet

1 Clay....... ............................ ..................... 0-150

2 White sand.... ............. ........ ........................ 150-155

3 Clay.......................................................... 15,5-176

4 Rock. . ................. ........ ................... ...... 176-180

5 Clay.................... ,... ..... ..... ............... . ... 180-330

6 Sandstone......... ........................................... 330-375

7 Clay................... .............. ... ................ . 375-410

8 Shale............... .......... ...... .. .................. 410-450

9 Sand...................... . .......... ............... ..... 450-510

10 White rock ............... .. .................... .... ..... 510-520

11 Clay............. .... .. ....................... .. ....... 520-545

12 Sand........ ............... ................ ....... ....... 545-580

13 Green clay, typical Catahoula (Grand Gulf) material............... 580-621

These horizons are clearly the same as those developed in the watei works wells The depth to the water 

is about what would be oxpected because of the depression of the water table produced by the pumping at the 

waterworks

As neithci of these wells fumished the amount of water required by the ice factory, they were abandoned 

!>:J1>. Aftei the abandonment of the two Andrews test wells, a new well was drilled by the Hart well 

Company on the Fifth street line of the property Harris gives the following section
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 309

Section of well of Alexandria Ice and Storage Company, Alexandria, Rajndes Parish, La a

[By G D Harris ]

	Feet

1 Siuface clay........................... ..................... 0 -21

2 Sand........................................................ 21 -23

3 Clay..--..-........----...--.----........--...--.-.....--... 23 -38

4 Kock.................--.......--.----....-.........-.. .... 38 -05

5 Blue clay....-.--------------..--.-----..---.......-..-....-- 65 -153

0 Hardrock-..-............................................... 153 -155

7 Blue clay............................ ....................... 155 -175

8 Kock..----....... ................ ....................... 175 -183

9 Blue joint clay.-..--..--...--...--.----............--.-----.. 183 -328

10 Limestone...................................... ........... 328 -331

11 Clay-- ..-..-........--..---......---...--....-............ 331 -374

12 Hardpan....................... .......................... 374 -404

13 Hard limestone. ................ .......................... 404 -4665

14 Green clay-.--.......--.--------....--- -..... .............. 46b .5-478 5

15 Raid lock.................................................. 478 ,5-480

16 Blue Hay-........... ............... ...................... 480 -490

17 Sandstone.."1:............................................... 490 -504

18 Clay........1 -...-...--.............-................-...... 504 -534

i 19 Sand.............. ........................ ............... 534 -537

20 Kock.--........---.--....-.........................-----.. 537 -539

21 Clay. -..............--.......--...- ....................... ,539 -549

22 Sand....................................................... 549 -550

23 Clay--........--.......--..--.........-..-...--.---........ 550 -558

24 Sand. ..................................................... 558 -5M)

25 Blue clay....-.......---.--.. ... ... ...................... ,560 -649

26 Sand........................... .............'.... . ...... 649 -665

2J Clay. ....................... ................. -..--.. .... 60S -093

28 Sand....................................................... 693 -703

29 Blue clay................................................... 703 -727

30 Soft sandstone....................... .. ................. 727 -780

31 Clay................................... . ................ 780 -804

32 Sand........................ ......... .................... 804 -809

33 Softbandstone.............................................. 809 -851

34 Clay....................................................... 851 -853

35 Sandstone.................................................. 853 -897

36 Sand..........-.---............-.--..-............... ....897 -927

"This well is provided with a 70-foot strainer, and before it was cleaned had a flow of 125 gallons a 

minute, according to the report of a local paper " i

The fact that this is a flowing well indicates a btratum entirely distinct from those developed in the wateiworks wells.

94O. Section of well of Soma Cotton Oil Company, Alexandria, Rapides Parish, La

[By Ira W'Sylvester ]

Port Hudson Feet

1 Sandy soil- -------------..---....-...--....-................ 0- 5

2 Clay.......... ..-.----.......--.......--....--............ 5-60

3 Shelly rock................................................. 60- 65

4 Sharp sand, watei bearing.................................... 65- 95

5 Clay and gravel.... ........................................ 95-110

a Water-Sup and Irr Paper No 101, U S Geol Survey, 1904, p 20
310 GEOLOGY AND UNDKBGKOU1NU WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

941. Section of well of Doll Sawmill Company, Ball, Rapides Parish, La

[By Oscar Shanks ] 

Catahoula Feet

1 Yellow clay............................................... 0- 17

2 Soft blue sandstone........................................ 17- 22

3 Fine sand and clay......................................... 22- 48

4 Medium sandstone ........................................ 48- 60

5 Blueclay......................................... ....... 60-310

6 Fine water sand mixed with lignite and mica.................. 310-305

This stratum was cased off and an attempt made to get flowing water, but the well was abandoned

04!{. Section of well of Texas and Pacific Railway Company, Boyce, Kapidey Parish, La

[By Charles Anderson ]

leet

1 Clay... ........................-----.---..-.-..---..-.... 0 -42

2 White sand........ ................................ ..... 42 -62

3 Haidclay................ ..-.'........----.........---... 62 -82

4 Clay and^and............................................. 82 -145

5 Sandstone.. .............................................. 145 -156

6 Clay................ ..................................... 156 -1805

7 Sandstone.........---...-.-...............--.---...---.-.. 180 5-204 2

8 Sand..................----...-----..-.-........---... ... 204 2-215 2

9 Blue clay................................................. 215 2-217 2

10 Flint rook................................................ 217 2-221 2

11 Hard clay........ ... ................................... 221 2-263 2

12 Quicksand.............. ................................ 263 2-279 2

13 Clay........... . . ..................................... 279 2-281 2

14 Sand and clay............................................ 281 2-3002

15 Clay ............. ... .................................. 300 2-318 4

16 Sandstone................................................ 318 4-325 4

17 Clay..................................................... 325 4-329 4

18 Sandstone................................................ 329 4-335 4

14 Clay.. .................................................. 335 4-344 4

20 Sandstone................................................ 344 4-368 4

21 Clay..................................................... 368 4-376 4

22 Sandstone............................................. .. 376 4-398.4

23 Clay............... . .................................. 3984-4114

24 Flint lock (quartzite).... ................................. 411 4-4188

25 Clay.................. ..... ......:..................... 418 8-438 8

26 Sandstone................................................ 438 8-441 2

27 Clay.......................... .......................... 441 2-529 2

28 Sandstone....... ...................................... .. 5292-531 2

'29 Hardpan............................................ ....5312-5412 f

30 Giavel and clay...................................... .... 541 2-G1G

31 Sandstone.... ........................................ . 016 -696

32 Sand, with aitesian water.. ............................... 6% -708

33 Flint lock (quartzite)...................................... 708 -711

34 No lecord................................................ 711 -774

35 Soft sandstone............................................ 774 -802

36 Soft sandstone, with brackish artesian water.................. 802 -808 G

"'Depth September 14, 1898, 808 6 feet Pipe was pulled back to 696 feet and well used until 1901, when 

it caved "

944. When this well is pumped the water lowers to 40 feet from the surface It lequires about eight days 

to entirely recovei that is, to flow The original pressure at the top of the pipe was 15 pounds to the square 

inch.
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 311

947. Section of well of L G Sanford, Lamothe, Bapide/s Pansh, La

[By L C Sanford ] 

Port Hudson Feet

1 Soil, sand and clay......................................... 0-35

2 Quicksand does not yield tlic water readily-................... 35- 80

3 Tough red clay.... ............ ... ....................... 80- 45

4 Sand and gravel, with abundant supply of haid water........... 95-105

950. Sections of well? of Pmeville Development Company, Pinei Me, Kapides Panth, La

[By F S Hoyt]

WELL No 1 Feet

1 Gravel, water beanng..................--._....._............. 200 -

2 Light-greenish clay (Catahoula)............................. .. 235 5-

3 Gravel, watei bcaiing, watei flowed out of pipe 55 feet above the

ground ioi toui hours ...................................... 430 -440

4 Sand, lost watei at....................... .. ............... 460 -

5 Soft limestone.................... . ... ..... .............. 580 -600

Total depth................................................. -720

i WELL No 2

1 Cla>, with a htt'e sand............ .......................... 0 -100

\\ ELL No 3

1 Soil........................................................ 0-12

2 Packed sand.. ................... ..... .................... 12 -112

3 Ko«.k.v .... ................. . ................... ..... .. 112 -124

4 Giavel fiom size oi peu to that of a hen's eg;;, with a little water .. 124 -230 

Total depth (August 8, 1402).................. ............... -230

951. Mr Oscai Shanks has furnished the following samples fiom this well

Sampler from asylum well, Pineville, Raptdes Parish, La

Feet

1 Medium to coarse reddish-yellow quartz sand.................. . 20- 24

2 Fine \\lnte indurated sand.................................... 24- 35

3 Very fine light-giay sandy silt. .................... .......... 52- 92

4 Clay conglomerate, composed of small rounded clay pebbles containing consideiable lime......... ..... ................... 228- 324

5 Fine-giumed white sand. ........... .................. ...... 324- 328

' 6 Light-gray clay with rounded calcareous clay pebbles.. .......... 328- 428

7 Hard giay fine-grained quartzitic sandstone...... ... ......... 455- 461 f <

8 Green clay....... ... ........................... ......... 4fal- 540

9 Green clay and fine gray sand................................. 540- 610

10 Gieen clay and hue gray sand, with numeious thin cahareous 

plates that lescmble shell fragments, but winch can not be deii- 

\ nitely pioved to be of organic origin............ ............. 610- 650

11 Greenish-giay clayey sand............... .................... 720- 800

12 Medium white sand, with a lit tie clay... .. .................. 800- 806

13 Very fine gray clayey sand........ .................... ..... 806- 925

14 Rounded white calcaieous tonuetions, lignite, and gray laminated

ligmtic sand........ ........... .............. .......... 927-

15 Greenish clay, lignite, and sand a few thin \\ lute calcareous plates

similai to those in sample 10........... .............. . -.. 925- 985

16 Fine greenish-gray sand...................................... 985-1, 020

\ 393 No 46 06 22
H12 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

952. Section nj well at Judge Morrow's residence, near Rapides, Rapules Parish, La

[By C A Morrow ] 

Poit Hudson Feet

1 Soil.............................. ...... . ...... ... 0-8

2 Red Hay..... ........ ... .............. ... ........ .. 8-77

3 Sand......... .............................. ..... ...... 77-102

4 Giavel.. ............... .......... ....... ...... ... ... 102-106

953. Partial section of deep test well near Rapides, Rapides Parish, La

[By C A Morrow ] 

Poi t Hudson i Feet

1 Soil............. ............................ .......... 0- 8

2 Tied clay................................. . .. .......... 8-77

3 Sand................. .......... ........ . .... ... . 77-102

4 Gravel. .....'.................... . .... . ..... . .. 102-108

Catahoula

5 Clay.......... ........... ....... ...... .. ... .. ... 108-180

G White band, water bearing, watei soft and puie and did not oveiflow.................................................... 180-

7 Artesian water............................ ... . . .... .. 288-

8 Quicksand, which forced its way up in the pipe 80 feet and caused

the well to be abandoned...................... ... ... ... 323-

95G. Section of well of J A Bentley Lumber Company, Zimmermcn, Rapides Parish, La

[ByJ A Bentley] 

Port Hudbon Feet

1 Alluvial deposits....................... ........ ...... 0 - 60

Catahoula

2 Soft rock and clay, alternating.. .......... ... . . ... 60 -175 5

3 Rather coarse white sand, containing ai tesian water........ 1755-

90O. Partial section of uett at Lake End, Red River Parish, La

[By Charles Stoer ] 

Poit Hudson Feet

1 Clay coil..... .......... ......... .. . ... ... ..... 0-

2 Quicksand

3 Gravel ...... .......................................... -64

Sabine

4 Rock............... . ..... ... . .... ... 64-

5 Clay.................... ........ . .. .......... ... . - 77

6 Lignite.................. ..................1 ..... ... 77-85

7 Fine band, with turbid \vatei ... . .. .. ....... ..... 85-

8 Rock.. .......................... ... . .... 11.5-116

9 Fine sand, water bearing............. ............... . .. 116-

10 No record....................................... . .... -287 5

Casing, 4-mch, 0-85 leet, 2 5-mch, 85-168 feet Watei was blackish and well ib not Ubcd

O6G. Mi W A Shields, superintendent, repoits water bearing sand at the following depths 188-190, 

220-230, 251-204, 436-444, 460-462, 505-507, 524-528, 536-540, 545-549, 560-566, 670-704 feet Screens 

have been placed opposite each of these layei s At 454 and 557 leet a little oil is i epoi ted Mi L B Clifford, 

the driller, states that seven beds of lignite were encountered in this well

Mr Robert Moechel reports the following "Reaction, faintly alkaline to litmus Appeaiance, turbid, 

with hi own sediment Microscopically, the sediment showed the prebence of refuse matter The water after 

twenty-four hours' bedimentation contained the following
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 313

Analysis of water from deep uell at Lorinq,* Sdbine Parish, La

IBy Robert Moechel ]

Parts per million

K20............ . ....-.--. ............................. ----- 1591

Na.C................................. -.-.-------.--....... ..... 25 66

Cl.............................--.-.....--..-----.--..- ---- ----- 2700

SO,..-.---.........-.....-------- --- ---..---...--..----- ... . 1545

NO- ................................. ----..-----....----- 1 77

SiO,.................. -..---..- ..-- --. ----.......----... .. . 5020

A1263 (in clay)............................------- ................. 1 20

Fe 2O3 +Al ,0',.......-...........----------------------------------- 7 10

CuO.----.....-...------------------- ...---------.-- . .....----. 208

MgO................ . ........-------.........----...---..---.- 1 44

S03 ........... . ... ------ -- ..:................................ 147

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATION

Sodium chloride...... . ... .. ........ .... ..... ......... ..... 43 66

Potassium sulphate............. ........ ........................ 27 79

Sodium sulphate. .................. ........................... 94 94

Sodium nitrate. ....... . . ............................... . 2 43

Sodium caibonate-. ..... . . . ... ................ .... . . 4 30

Sihca+clay...... ..... .............. ...................... ..... 51 40

Iron-(-alumina..... ............... . ........................... 7 10

Calcium sulphate..... . ........... . ...... . .......... ..... 2 49

Calcium carbonate.. ... .......... ..... ........... ... ......... 2 94

Magnesium caibonate..... . . ........ .................. . . .... 3 02

"Suspended and settled mattei contains 531 2 parts of solid matter pci million, composed of 42 9 parts 

mineral matter, q'ate a per cent of which is, phosr>h ites

"This is not a inmeial nor samtaiy water analy&ib Determinations have been made so as to be able to 

render an intelligent opinion as, to the suitability of this water foi economically generating steam, etc This 

water contains sewage "

From a knowledge ot the location and surroundings of this, well, the writer is inclined to believe that 

the water is not contaminated \Vatei derived from these hgnititeious beds containing consideiablc organic 

matter and chlorine must necessanly show Uiaiactenstics which are in othei regions interpreted as indicating 

sewage This well is situated on a knoll with no polluting source near it, is> cased and the water sands amply 

protected by clayey layeis So fai as the possibilities ol pollution are concerned the deep-well water is greatly 

to be piefeiied to the water from the shallow wells which are now exclusively used at this place for the supply 

of dunking watei

969. Section oj Footer well, 2 5 miles wuthweU of Negreet, Sabine Parish, La o

[By William Kennedy ]

	Feet

1 Soil and clay............. .................................... 0-18

2 Quicksand.................. ."................................ 18-23

3 Blue clay, changing to blue shale....................... ........ 23- 50

4 Blue limestone.... . .... .................................... 50- 52

5 Blue clay, with bowldeis, fiist sign of oil at 75 feet .................. 52- 75

6 Blue shale, oil signs, and plenty of gas.. . ... ............. .... 75-200

7 Lignite....... ............ .................................. 200-205

8 Blue shale and gas........... .. .............................. 205-340

9 Blown gummy shale, oil on water. ..................... ........ 340-350

10 Blue bliale, with oil and gas..... . ....................... .. . 350-430

11 Slate-colored talcky lock.......... . . ..... .................. 430-494

i Bull U S Geol Survey No 212,1903, p 55
314 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

(

Feet

12 Bluish-gray lime rock, very hard, gas blew out diiliings........... 494-502

13 Tan-colored shale, with yellow band............. ........... ... 502-542

14 Milky-white talcobe lock....................................... 542-580

15 Blue shale, with small white pebbles............................. 580-600

10 Blue, hard, and flinty limestone, gas under this rock.............. 600-604

17 Shells and pebbles, with strong indications of oil and much gab..... 604-630

971. The watei-bearmg layer at 160 feet is veiy thin, and was. developed by pumping sand out until a 

sufficient cavity \\ as made to yield a fair supply of watei Theie is no strainer in the well

972. Analysis of water from FerreU's mmeral well, near Pleasant Hill, Sabine Parish, La

[By Maurice Bird ]

Parts pel million 

Silica......................................................... 61 56

Pel oxide of iron and alumina.................................... 10 26

Calcium....................................................... 875 52

Magnesia............................................... ...... 1,134 02

Potash...................................................... . 3 42

Sodium....................................................... 884 07

Sulphuric anhydride.................................. . ... .. 3, 062 61

Chloi me....................................................... 2,110 14

Carbonic acid........................................ ......... 206 91

Oxygen absoibed from potassium peimanganate in tlnee houis,........ 1 042

HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATION

Sodium chloride (common salt)................ .................. 2, 241 1

Calcium chloride................................................ 1, 162 8

Calcium sulphate-.............................................. 1, 308 0

Magnesium sulphate. ............................................. 3, 231 9

Magnesium bicaibouate....... .................................. 171 0

"On ignition, the residue obtained from evaporation fuses and darkens, quickly becoming white, 

however The watei is peiiectly clear and coloile^s and does not contain sufficient organic matter to make 

it unwholesome The mineral ingiedients of this water aie so high that it may ploperly be called a medicine, 

and for this reason it should be used only in cases of sickness, and then only upon the prescription of a physician 

who is acquainted with its composition The reaction of the water with litmus is slightly acid "

974. Mi Coxe, superintendent, reports that a small vein of lignite watj encountered at about 75 feet, 

and that three watei-bearmg sands weie encounteied between 100 and 195 feet, tll??one between 100 and 120 

being the thickest ol the thiee

975. Section of well of Lataiinter Oil Company, 12 miles t,outh of Melville, St Landiy Parish, La

[By Oscar Shanks ]

Feet

1 River deposits,............................................. 0- 20

2 Blue clay.... ...................... ..................... 20- 150

3 Gravel and bowlders........................................ 150- 232

4 Hard blue flinty jock....................................... 232- 336

5 Caving brown gravel....................................... 336- 532

6 Haid blue flinty rock....................................... 532- 537

7 Coaise blue sand, with a large flow of pure soft water.......... 537- 555

8 Gumbo shale.......................... .................. 555-1,452

9 Pepper-and-salt sand, with a strong flow of watei having a slight

sulphur taste........................ ............... .... 1,452-1,458

10 Stiata of gumbo and rock containing strong aitesian sulphm

water................................................... 1, 458-2, 003

Occasional layeis of sand and shells are reported in stiatum 10
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING} TABLE. 315

9*78. Sectioni, of test bonngs in Ouachita River at Loch Lomond, Union Parish, La a

BORING NO 22

Depth in feet

1 Brown sand, with snrtdl percentage of gravel........................ 0 00

2 Greensand mail, with medium percentage of clay. ______ _ .......... 20 47

3 Gieensand marl, with small peicentage of clay-...................... 34 48

4 Veiy stiff greensand and mud..................................... 42 16

5 Very stiff greent>and and mud..................................... 50 00

BORING NO 22u

1 Blown sand and mud..... ...................................... 000

2 Blown sand, with small percentage of gravel........................ 0 99

3 Greensand mail, with large percentage of clay....................... 13 88

4 Greensand mail, with small peicentage of clay. __....____._...._.._._ 32 fa8

5 Veiy stiff gieensand and mud..................................... 39 37

6 Very stiff gi eensand and mud..................................... 50 00

of brines Jrom BiUmeau Salt Works, Webster Pansh, La 6 

[By Maurice Bird ]

982.

Constituents (in parts per hundred)

Sodium chloride

Calcium chloride . ...

Magnesium chloride

Alumina _ _ _ _

Other solid matter . _ . . .

Bryan's 

well

8 450

234

102

050

088

Potters 

Pond

7 810

301

156

052

061

Head of 

Salt 

Is land

3 800

081

083

056

058

983. Section of well of Valley Lumber Company, Cotton Valley, Webster Parish, La '

[By L B Clifford ]

Feet

1 Red clay. ..................................................... 0- 40

2 Redsand..... ..............__....._.____.................... 40-45

3 Blue clay and lock. ........ ................................... 200-245

4 White sand. ............... ................................... 245-271

985. Section of well of Mmden Lumber Company, Minden, Webster Parish, La

[By C L Whitmarsh ] 

Sabme Feet

1 White clay ..... ........................................ 0-20

2 Fmesand. .. ........................................... 20-70

3 Clay..... ........... ................................... 70-71

4 Lignite (1 foot thick) ...................................... 71- 72

5 Sand and clay . . ........................................... 72-110

6 Coaise white watei-beaimg sand. ............................ 110-120

7 Clay. .............-.....'............................---.. 120-244

8 Lignite......................................... ......... 244-247

9 Watei -bearing sand, increasing in coarseness with depth ........ 247-317

986. Mr L B Clifford states that the sand encountered in this well at 110 feet, which furnishes water 

at the ice factory, yields piactically no water at this point

(>G

Ann Rept Chief of Engineers lor 1902, pt 2,1902, p 1500. 

Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, p 89
316 GEOLOGY" AND UNDERGROUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

988. Section of well ofMinden Cotton Oil and Ice Company, Minden, Webster Parish, La.

[ByS G Webb,[president] 

Sabme' Feet.

1 Suiface sands and clay..... ........... ......"............. 0-60

2 Sand.... ............................ ................... 60-75

Sabine

3 Bark-colored clay......... ................ .............. 75-100

4 Watersand. ........ .................................."... 100-115

989. The water fiom the lower layer in this well is shut out and the well draws entirely horn the stratum 

between 228 and 270 feet Both horizons furnish good soft water

990. Mi A L Pullm states that he worked on this well until it reached a depth of 750 feet and that the 

well was afterwards drilled to a depth of 1,015 feet He gives the following paitial record

Partial record, of well at Yellow Pine, Webster Parish, La

[By A L Pullm]

Feet

1 Logat. .. .. . ............---.--... ....................... 280-

2 Layers of rock

3 Mail that looks like slack lime............................... .. 600-640

4 Rock....... ..-.-.......----....-.................-...--.. .640-680

5 Blue clay, with a very offensive smell. . ........................ 680-750

"No water was encountered to a depth of 750 feet Casing, 4-inch, 0-500, 3-ineh, 500-750 " 

Mr H C Walter, woods foreman for the Globe Lumber Company, who was at Yellow Pine when the 

well was dulled, gives the total depth as 800 feet He says "The mattei passed through was a black sticky 

clay, with a very bad odor, and was full of shells of all kinds In some places the clay changed to very hard 

rock At a depth of 500 feet a log was struck which was supposed to be a cypiess They finally struck a 

very hard substance, which effectually stopped work with a rotary rig "

991. Section of well of Texas and Pacific Railway, Baton Rouge Junction, WM Batnn Rouye Parish, La

[By Charles Anderson ]

Feet

1 Black clay... ................. ..... ...... ............... 0-10

2 Heavy clay. .................................. ...... ........ 10-100

3 Quicksand.....-\..................... ...... . ......... . ...'100-110

4 Coarse sand, not passed through... ........... ................ 110-

994. An/dyses of linnet from Drakes Salt Works, Wmn Parish, La a 

[By Maurice Bird J

Constituents (in parts per hundred)

Calcium chloride . ......

Magnesium chloride ... - - ...

Alumina . ...... . . . . . . .....

I

4 90

184

142

061

08J

II

3 55

127

133

006

044

III

5 58

303

135

072

070

IV

5 44

366

159

055

030

I Little lick, west side, old Drake well ,

II Smith's lick

III Lower lick, old Drake well

IV Upper lick, south side, in slough

a Qcol Survey Louisiana, Kept of 1902, pp 63-64
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING- TABLE. 317

995. Analysis oflirinefrom Prices Salt Works, Wmn Parish, La a

[By Maurice Bird ]

Ppr hundred

Sodium chloride................................................... 3 14

Calcium chloride............. ................................. ... 079

Magnesium chloride........-.-....-.-.--....--...---...... .. _\ ... 138

Alumina...... ......... ........ .--...--.--..-----.............. 050

Othei solid mattei............. ...... ... ........................ 030

999. This \\ell was largely thiough porous crystalline limestone snmlai to that seen in a number of 

Cretaceous exposures m noitheni Louisiana. Between 250 and 260 feet a laige amount of gas was encountered, 

which was used foi fuel in the engines of the drilling machines The well was finally abandoned because of 

the heavy gas piessure, and the company planned to stait a new hole in January, 1904 Two small oil-beanng 

layers are repoited

1OO1. Mr L B Halt icports that a very hard rock was encountered in this well at a depth of IbO feet

1OO§. Approximate section of well at Port Gibton Waterworks, Port Gibson, Claiborne County, M iss

[By T H Fessell ]

Feet

1 Red and blue clav ............................................ 0-60

2 Quicksand.......... ............. .................... .... 60-100

3 Coarse sand and giavel .......... .......... ............ .... 100-130

4 Haidrock.. .. ... ......... ... ................. . ...... 130-110

5 Clay. __.....> .......... ..................... .......... . 140-165

6 Fine blue sn ,id... ............................ ......... .165-205

7 Stone............................ ........ ..... ..... .... . 205-213

8 Water-beaniKj; sand ................................. ........ 213-260

9 Rook.... .................. ................................ 260-

1O13. Analysis of the watei shows it to be too alkaline for boiler puiposes

, 1O14. ' Partial analysis of watei from city well at TAula, Miss

Farth per million

Solids.......... ....... .................. ...... .. 575 586

Sodium caibonate.... ... . ....... .......... ......... . 516112

Soluble silica.................... ............................... 10 5M

1O16. Hilgard 6 gives the following data regarding this boring

"The Mayersville boring No 1 does not diiler in any way from those ol the Chootaw bai Down to 30 1 

feet the material seems to be entirely of the usual character of alluvium, thence to 1186 feet the chaiactei 

is the same as elsewhere fiist a stratum of finei sands, then gravelly sand and laigei pebbles These 88 5 feet 

undoubtedly belong to the oldei (Port Hudson) beds Whether the brownish clay ppneti sited between 118 6 

and 132 9 feet is of Tertiary age the data aic not sufficiently definite to determine, but this seems to be the 

most probable conclusion

1O39. Doctor Walker, president of the-Merchants and Planters' Bank, gives the following record ot 

the waterworks well, which was put down foi a private company of which he was president

Section oj v,aterwoiks well, Greenville, Washington County, M^sl,

Alluvium and Poit Hudson Feet

1 Surface soil.... ........... ........ ..............'....... 0-75 .

2 Haid blue clay. .......................................... 7,5-125

3 Quicksand, passing below into sand and gravel, water bearing,

but watei not good. .......................f ............. 125-200

Jackson and Cockfield

4 Blue clay. ..........'..................................... 200-400

5 Sand, giowmg coaiscr below, and becoming watei bearing...... 400-500

oGeol Sur\ey Louisiana Kept of 1902, p BO

6 Ann Bopt Miss BnerCom tor 1883 4Sth Cong , 1st sess , House Ex Doc No 37,1884, p 496
318 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUTSFANA AND ARKANSAS.

"The watei uses to withm a few feet of the siufaee, and is, now pumped with an air lift and yields about 

350 gallons per minute, when well was first completed, it tested 500 gallons pel minute, the water lowering 

to about 30 feet below the surface "

There are thiec 8-itieh wells at thp waterworks, situated withm 200 ieet of each other, and the 

engineer states that pumping one does not affpct thp water IPVP! in the others The first well was completed 

about 1889

Analysis uj city water at Greenville, Mit,s

[By J W Mallett [

<y Ptirtb pci million 

Sodium........................................................... 1145

Potassium......................................................... 4

Calcium..........--.--------.---.-.--- --....-------............-- y

Magnesium................................ - .................... 5

Aluminum................................ ....................... 4

lion...---......-.--...----------.------------.--.---.-----...---. G

Caibomc acid (CO,) ................................................ 130 1

Chloime.................................. ....................... 26 2

Sulphuric acid (SO4)....:........................................... 3 2

Silica............................................................. 12 4

1O 11. Section oj tettt bonny at (fii'enville, Miss a

[By E W Tlilgarrt ] 

Poit Hudson Feet

1 Yellowish noncalcarcous silt.............................. 0 -24

2 Light-yellow sand or silt.................................. 2 4-10

3 Coarse sand mixed with silt and grains oi lignite............. 10 -21 5

4 Bluish clayey silt, with lignite grains....................... 21 5-22 8

5 Coarse white sand....................................... 22 8-26 9

6 A sandy brownish-blue clay, with lignite grains ............. 26 9-28

7 Coarse white sand like that at 228.......................... 28 -502

8 Sandy blue clay, as at 20 9................................ 50 2-53 5

9 Coaise gravelly sand, as at 28.............................. 53 5-G4

10 Coaise gravelly sand like the last.......................... 64 -90

"Claiboine Teitiary" (Jackson)

11 Greensand mail............. I........................... 90 -96

1O47. Section of well of Capt Z P Stntts, 1 mile north of Yazoo City, Yazoo County, Miss.

[By A F Dans, driller 1

Feet

1 Soil and yellow clay............................................ 0- 50

2 Coarse gray sand, with watPr.................................... 50- 65

3 Alternate layers of gray fine muddy sand and clay.................. 65-150

4 Gray sand lock, interbedded with sand containing water............ 150-550

5 Hard, tough clay............................................... 550-620

6 Soit black clay................................................. 020-626

7 Rock and clay................................................. 62G-635

8 Gray sand, with artesian watci................................... 635-

a Ann Kept Miss Eivor Com for 1883 48th Cong ,1st scss , House Ex Doe No. 37,1884, p 491
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 319

1O51. Section of well No. 1 of Palestine Water and Power Company, Palestine, Anderson County, Tex.

Fec.i.

1. Pipe clay, alternating with sand -..-...-...-......-.--..-........ 0- 30

2. "Fire clay"'.!........ .......................................... 30- 60

3. Lignite.................................................... ..... GO- 70

4. Clay and sand................................................. 70-130

5. Sandstone..................................................... 130-

6. Sand and clay................................................. -230

7. Rock......................................................... 230-235

8. Water-bearing sand.............. ............................... 235-280

9. Rock. ....................................................... 280-

10. Water-bearing sand............................................ -440

' 11. Rock..................... ................................... 440-444

The second well showed about the same material. In wells Nos. 3 and 4 no rock was found and the wells 

soon caved.

1O5 J. Old salt works on both sides of the river at the Nancy Lang League, 3 to 4 miles below the Texas 

and New Orleans "Railroad bridge. Twelve ruined furnace sites were seen here in 1902.

1O56. It is reported that the driller contracted'for a flowing well, and when one was not obtained the 

well was abandoned. From tlic depth it is quite probable that some of the Sabine water-bearing sands were 

penetrated, which would have furnished an abundant supply to pumps.

1O59. Section of well of 8. L. Moore, at mouth of Mill Creek, Bowie County, Tex.

' ' ' '" *'' Foot.

1. Quicksand.......... .............. ...: .......::. :. .'.'li.......... 0- 60

2. Very white limestone.............. .................. .^'......... 60-360 '"-"

3. Rock and sand, with very little water............................. 360-425 '''

1O65. " ' Section of well at post-office, Kolyat, Bowie County, Tex.

Feet.

1. Clay and sand.................................................. 0- 27

2. Pipe clay and sand.............................................. 27- 37

3. Dark-blue clay, with a little sand.................................. 37- 70

4. Hard blue clay.................................................. 70- 71

5. Blue clay and sand.............................................. 71-119

v lOfifi. Section of well ofj. 77.. WiUiarns, near Rolyat, Bowie County, Tex.

Feet.

1. Soil.............................. .-.--...--.-...---...---. 0 - 1.5

2. Sand...................................................... 1.5-22

3. Black clay..---.-..-.......-....----------:..----.--------.- ,22 -138

4. Blue packed sand.......................................... 138 -140

Wells in this section average 125 feet deep.

1067. Section ofweU of Texarlcana Ice Company, Texarkana, Bowie County, Tex.

Feet.

1. Surface gravel and sand........................................... 0-30

2. White clay............-.......--------.--------.---.-----.-..-. . 30-33

3. White sand, water-bearing-....... .........-.---... .............;-. 33-63

' This well differs from most of the wells in this town in the fact that it obtains its.water supply from the 

Sabiue sands rather than from surficial gravels.-

1068. This well is described as having been put down at a point one block north and two blocks west 

of Union station. Water is reported at 136 feet, but it is stated that this was cased off and the boring was 

continued to 550 feet, where water was found in a sand rock. As neither of the deep wells in the northern 

part of the town show this stratum and it is entirely absent in the same formations to the eastward along the
320 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

lion Mountain Railway and westward in Texas, it must be regarded as an extremely local occunence The 

more natural soutce for this water is from the Sabine sands at a depth of about 100 feet

1O69. Section of test well nt cieosote plant, 3 miles southwest ofTexarJcana, Bowie County, Tex

leet

1 Silt and giavel.- ....--...- ............................ .'.. .... 0-GO

2 Black clay....................................... ... .... ......' 60-05

1084. Mr Wells wiites ''The Longview Ice Company gets about 80 gallons per minute from a well 

bored by the Texas and Pacific Kailway Company, but not used by them because it makes then boilers foam 

It was supposed to b? bored 700 feet deep, nitioglycenne was exploded about haltvvay down, and the present 

bupply comes from that depth We (the Longview Ice Company) boied two wells there a yeai ago about 80 

feet deep, the last 45 feet being through sand These wells yielded abundantly without strainers, but insisted 

on caving With strainers the sand is too fine and chokes the yield to about 25 gallons pei minute We have 

had very little benefit horn them The watei stands about 50 teet from the top of the giound "

Ma] B S Wathen, chief engineer of the Texas aiidPacific Railway, writes "Them was a deep well put down 

at Longview in 1892 a little ovci 500 feet Seveial veins of watei wcie stiuck, but none were very strong 

Some lignite was struck, which made the water undesirable for locomotive puiposcs '

1085. Mi E I. Wells, managei, teports " The ice company has three wqlls located about 15 feet from 

one anothei Two ot these are finished with 30-ioot Cook well strainers with very fine slots and one with a 

20-toot sttamei A -1-mch pipe with a 7 25-inch drill was used m boring the wells The fii^t well was tested 

with a 4-inch bonng pipe and air and yielded 3 barrels per minute The well was then eased with a 6-inch 

pipe,including strainer, and yield wasonlyl bairel per minute It is piobable that tins was due to the stramei, 

but may have been partly caused by the fact that the 4-mch pipe was drawing watei from the water-bearing 

strata between 60-100 and 150-180, while the 6-mch pipe was big enough to fill the hole and case off the upper 

stiaUuu '' i

Section of veil of Arkansas and Texas Consolidated Ice and Coal Company, Marsliall, Harnson County, Tex.

[B> E L Wells]

1 Feet

1 But and clay........ ....... .............................j... 0-60

2 Watei-beaimg sand... ............................... ....'... 60-100

3 Clay............ ... . .................... ............ 100-150

4 Water-beai ing sand.... .............'....... .. ........ .. ... 150-180

5 Rock.... . ................. ....................... . .... 180-181

6 Clay.... .. . ................ ...................... ....... 181-208

7 Rock......... . ................ ...........................i. 208-

1O89. Analysis of spring No 1, Boseborough, Harnson County, Tex a

[ByJ H Herndon]

I ' Parts per million 

Chlondc of sodium..... ......................................... .'195 83

Sulphate of lime.... ....... ... ........ ...................... .' 626 15

Sulphate of magnesia............... ............ .............. .. 395 40

Sulphate of iron.. ............. ................................. 282 10

Sulphate ot soda............... .. .......................... . . 148 257 .

Sulphate of alumina..--......... - .--..-.....-.....-....... .. .,10925

Silica and insoluble matter......... .......................... .. . 93 76

Sulphate ol potash.. ................................... ....... . 67 17

Free carbonic acid gas, 15 19 cubic inches per gallon

" Tcmpet ature at well, b'8° Specific gravity not determined The w ater has a stiong acid reaction and is 

of a pale ambei color On reaching the laboratory a large amount of the iron had become oxidized and 

precipitated The jug containing the water was well shaken and portions taken for analysis "

"Second Ann Kept Gool Survey Texas for 1890,1891,pp 158-159
DESCBIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 321

1091. Partial section of well of J. Roselmrough, 9 miles south of Marshall, Harrison County, Tex.

Foot.

1. Lignite. --..-.-.-.---...-___._.,........_..___......__._..__... 20-25

2. Water-bearing sand.

3. Lignite........................................................ 200-225

4. Water-bearing sand............................................. 350-

1092. Analysis ofMontvale Springs, Ifi miles from Marshall, Harrison County, Tex.

[By L.E.Magnenat.]

Parts per million. 

Bisulphate of potash. ............................................... 22. 35

Bisulphate of soda................................................... 10. 41

Sulphate of lime.................................................... 26. 78

Carbonate of lime................................................... 12. 36

Carbonate of iron................................................... 14. 43

Alumina........................................................... Trace.

Silica and insoluble matter........................................... 32. 90

Chlorine........................................................... Trace.

Free carbonic acid gas, 15.52 cubic inches per gallon. Temperature at well, 65° F. This water has a 

light acid reaction.

1093. Section of well at Sulphur Springs, HopTcins County, Tex.

[By Wm.B.Baxter.]

	Feet.

1. Surface soil........................................ 1..... . 0 - 1

2. Red clay................................................. 1 - 9

3. Lignite.................. ................................. 9-11

4. White sand,with water.................................... 11 - 15

5. Sand}' blue shale......................................... 15 - 33

6. Buff sandstone........................................... 33 - 35

7. Pipe clay................................................ 35 - 37

8. Blaek shale, with mica........'............................ 37 - 117

9. Limestone............................................... 117 - 118

10. Black shale, alternating with lighter shale, bowlders, pyrites,

and mica, with iron concretions........................ 118 - 683

11. Hard limestone.......................................... 683 , - 684

12. Black shale; fossil stratum of 1 inch....................... 684 - 704

13. Light shale............................................. 704 - 712

14.' Blue shale.............................................. 712 - 800

15. Black shale, pyrites, bowlders, and fossils (reported as "Cardita planicosta")...............................--... 800 -' 810

16. Blue shale.............................................. 810 - 900

17. White clay......................................-.--.-." 900 - 920

18. Blue shale.............................................. 920 -1,000

19. Hard limestone.............................-....-.--.:- 1,000 -1,004

20. Blue shale................. '. ............................ 1,004 -1, 034

21. Fine sand, with water.................................... 1,034 -1, 036

22. Soft white clay.......................................... 1,036 -1,051

23. Gray sandstone............._.._................-...-.-- 1,051 -1, 091

, 24. White pipe clay. ........................................ 1,091 -1,093

25. Sandstone...............................-.----.-.---..- 1,093 -1,108

26. Hard blue shale'...........................-.------------ '1,108 -1,110

27. Soft sandstone..... .........................---.-..---.- 1,110 -1,123

28. Hard sandstone...............j......................... 1,123 -1,125.5
322 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

	Tret

29 Hard blue shale, sand, and mica........................... 1, 125 5-1* 130 5

30 Fmegray band.......................................... 1,130 5-1,131 5

31 Very haid sandstone.................. ................... 1, 131 5-1, 132 8

32 Hard blue shale......................................... 1, 132 8-1,303 8

33 Sand and watci ......................................... '1,303 8-1,317 8

34 Blue shale and sand..................................... 1, 317 8-1, 413 8

35 Blue shale and sand, with mica........ ......... ........ 1, 413 8-1, 514 8

1O95. Tins mill is now moved, and the well is no longer used All ilartin states that he supposed that 

seveial watei-bearirig layers were cased oil

1O9§. Kennedy a gives the following regarding this well ''Thediill passed through alternate strata 

of sands, clays, and lignites to a depth of 802 leet Three heavy beds of lignite and a number of smaller 

ones aie said to have been passed thiough in the boimg "

1099. "We boied about 45 feet and struck a black chit, as black as coal, below which \ve found a very 

good water We dug deepei and struck a very had water, which foiced us to abandon the well ''

1100. Section oj well of Mammoth Oil, Mineral, and Land Company, GJiiieno, Nacuyduchei County, Tex &

Feet

1 Red fossihleious marl containing Ostrea selltrformis and Annmia

ephippioides m upper portions, below changes to blue-gray marl. "0-110

2 "Oil sand," this outcrops to the north at the base of the Claiborne.. 110-112

3 Blue to gray fossihferous marl....---..--.-_..-.-.- ............. 112-382

4 White quicksand, strong flow ol artesian watei.....--.. .......... 382-462

5 Daik-giay hgnitic clay .. ............... ...................... 462-468

6 Lignite...................... ................................. 468-477

7 White quicksand...............................................' 477-515

8 Lignite ....................................................... 512-522

9 Gray-blue sand, with \ery small shell hagments. layer of pyrites 3

inches thick at base......................... .............. 522-562

10 Blue micaceous sand, Iragments of shells reported, but sample

shows only glittering particles of mica........................ 562-632

11 Hard fossihfeious green sand................................... 632-636

12 Dark-green sand.............................................. 636-676

13 Solt dark-gray hgnitic clay..................................... 676-736

14 Chocolate to yellow laminated clay.............................. 736-826

15 Indurated giay sand........................................... 826-836

16 Whrte clay................................................... 836-840

17 Gray sand, with a little oil...................................... 840-865

18 Hard sand..................................................... 86,5-873

19 Hard rock, not passed through.................................. 873-877

11O2. '' Witlnrr the limits ol the town ol Garrison is a spring which is frequented by persons who believe 

they derive benefit horn the use of the water The property has been recently improved by excavating about 

7§ feet and buildrng a cncular wall about 3 feet in diameter, capped with a heading of hydrauhc cernerrt 

Over this is an octagonal pavilion of wood, about 30 foot in diameter A company has been lormed with a 

project for building a $5,000 hotel, with half the capital subscribed in town The water is Irom the main 

water-bearing sand, which overlies the lignite The watei belongs to the chalybeate class, and judging from 

its taste, appaiently contains non, magnesia, alumina, eai borne acid, and perhaps a little free sulphurre acid 

derived from the decomposition of iron disulphide (pyrites) " c

a Proc Phllk Ac-ad Nat Sci lor 1895,1806, pp 1J6-137

!>Gcol Survey Louisiana, Kept ol, 1902, pp 126-127

c Second Ann Eept Geol Survey Texas lor 1890,1801, p 270
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 323

1103. Section of well on Day farm, 1 mile south of Melrose, Nacogdoches County, Tex a

	Feet

1 Red clayey eaith...... ..... .................... ........... 0 - 9

2 Bluish-gi een calcareous shell marl.............................. 9 - 70

3 Daik-giccn calcareous shell mail............................... 70 -119

4 Daik-drabrlay............................................... 119 -139

5 Light-drab clay, with non pyrites........... ...... ..... ..... 139 -2555

6 Sand, with uon pyrites, containing "slush oil". ........... ..... 255 5-258

7 Dark-dlab clay........ ... .................................. 258 -293

8 Calcaieous mail, with bund stieakmgs...... .................... 293 -299

9 Sandstone ........... .............. . ..................... 299 -302

10 Clay, with sand sti eakmgs and iron pyrites..................... 302 -309

11 Daik bluish-gieen shell mail.................................. 309 -338

12 Daik-diab day....... .......... ........................... 338 -349

13 Mail................. .......................... .... ...... 349 -352

11O7. "The water has a deep-amber coloi, not unlike the color of whisky, is not styptic in taste, makes 

no rusty deposit, and therefore has little if an> non in solution, and theie is no indication of any other metallic 

salt The place has been noted as a neighborhood resort for about thirty-five years, and recently a few 

tempoiaiy cabins have been erected foi the accommodation of visitors " 6

11O9. Sectton oj Dean well, 5 milet west ofValda, Poll-County, Tex c

[By William Kenned} ] 

Elevation 225 feet Feet

1 Surface sands and gi avcls. ..................................... 0- 22

2 Whitesand.......... ........................................ 22-30

3 Strong water sand.... ................................ ....... 30- 95

4 Clay, with lime..--..---.. ....... ............... ......... ... 95-140

5 Blue clay..................... ............... ................ 140-160

fa Gieemsh clay, ^ith watci at 195 feet......... ................... 160-195

7 Gieen shale................................ ........... .. ... 195-230

S Gieen shale, with giavcl.................................. ...... 230-240

'9 Quirksand................................. ........ . .... ... 240-251

10 Quicksand, with lime and shells.. ................. ............ 251-284

11 Blue clay................................................... .284-292

12 Giccn shale........ .... ................................. .292-296

13 Shale....... ...... ......... ............................. 246-321

14 Soft green shale........................... .............. ... 321-325

15 Green day.......... ......................................... 325-350

Ifa Greenland, with pyrites........................................ 350-384

17 Quicksand ......... ....... ................ .f............. .384-400

18 Gicensand................ ................................ ..400-403

19 Bluer-lay.................................................. ... 403-424

20 Gieen shale......... . ................................ ....424-430

21 Blueclav... ....... .......... ............... ... .......... 430-460

22 Shale rich in iron pyrites .... ............ ................. .. 460-496

23 Darkshalp... ........... .............................. ....496-507

24 Light shale............ ................................. .... 507-520

25 Shale....................................................... 520-530

26 Watei sand......................................... ......... 530-540

27 Giay sand..................... ......... .................... 540-543

"This well has been dulled through the Frio clays (Fleming formation) into and almost through the 

Fayette sands (Catahoula formation) The Frio beds here apparently have a thickness of 145 feet, giving 

the Fayettp beds a thickness of 303 feet "

a Second \nn Kept Geol Survey Texas for 1S90, 1E91, p 28fi 6 Ibid , p 331 

cBull U S Geol Survey No 212,1901 p 54
324 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Mr Frank B Mason, mayor of Claiksville, wntes "We have one well on the public square, 

boied some years ago, winch encounteied gas and salt wate: Water shows 1 5 pounds of salt to 10 

gallons of watci Gas in quantity sufficient to light public square, if property handled In the fall of 1902 

the city completed two wells, which furnished an abundant supply of fresh soft watei, slightly alkaline "

I 1 1 5. Mi S J Wi ight leports that in this well no watei was encountered beneath the surface vein fiom 

20 to 28 feet Below this were layeis of lock, vaiymg in thickness fiom 30 to 50 feet, sepaiated by layers of 

black muck lesembhng coal and lignite The rook is very easily dulled until the haid rock, which ovcihcs 

the water-bcal ing sand is reached It was in this layei that Mr Wnght's drill became fastened, and the well 

was abandoned (

II 2O. Section of well of Ea->t Texat Timber and Od Company, 1 mile below Rokmioms Ferry, Sdbme

County, Tex

[By W A Turnor, driller ]

Feet

1 Soil...................................... .............. 0 - 2

2 Yellow sand.... .............. .......................... 2-35

3 Blue clay. ................................ .............. 35 - 55

4 Haid blue clay...... ..................................... 55 - 95

5 Rock, with fossil shells. ... ................ .............. 95 - 98

6 Blue shale. .......................................... ... 98 - 120

7 Haid blue clay............... ........................... 120 - ISO

. 8 Rock, with fossil shells. .......... ........................ ISO - 1S5

9 Stift blue clay ("gumbo")....... ..... ................... 1S5 - 230

10 Sand. ............. ............ ................... ... 230 - 238

11 Gumbo (stiff blue clay).............. ................ ^ . 238 - 286

12 Soft sand............................................... 286 - 290

13 Gumbo. -.-.-. ......................................... 290 - 321

14 Sand.... .... .................................... .<.. . 321 - 327

15 Rock............................ .................... 327 - 331

16 Lignite............................. ................... 331 - 335

17 Sand............................................... ... 335 - 360

18 Bark-biown clay...... .............. ................ 360 - 375

19 "Coal" (lignite)............ ... .1 .............. ........ 375 - 380

20 Blue gumbo, ........................................... 380 - 442

21 Sandstone. ....... ............. ............. ......... 442 - 460

22 Limestone....... ............... ................ ... 460 - 468

23 Blue gumbo........... ....... ..... ............ ..... 4f>8 - 498

24 Sandstone................ v .. __....__ .................. 498 - 516

25 Veiy dark gumbo. ...................................... 516 - o50

26 Sort clay. ..................... ........................ 550 - 580

27 Hard clay.... ...................... . ....... ........ 5SO - 640

28 Fossihteroiis marl...... .. ................. ............ 640 - 649

29 Hard clay. .................... ........................ 649 - 650 5

30 Fossihfetons sandstone---... .. . ......... ............. 6505- 665

31 Rock........ ........................................ 665 - 6665

32 Haid clay... ...... ........... ......................... 6665- 684

33 Flint rock, very hard. ...... .............. ............. 684 - 685 5 ,

34 Daik-eoloicdfeliale-. ...... ................. ... ......... 6855- 726

35 Soft sandstone. ................. ....................... 726 - 741

36 Gumbo... .............................................. 741 - 767

37 Soft sandstone ......................................... 767 - 779

38 Shale. ..............-..-......'......................... 779 - 784

39 Soft sandstone, with shells........... .. .................. 784 - 800

40 No record............. ......... . .. .................. 800 -1,010

41 Sand, with pleasant-tasting artesian watei .................. 1, 010 -1, 030
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES TO WELL AND SPRING TABLE. 325

Feet

42 Clays, mostly daik colored, containing fossil shells of the

Claiboinc (Eocene) below 1,215 feet. .................... 1, 030 -1, 350

43 Haid rock............ ............. . ................ 1,425 -

44 Artesian salt water. ... ....-..--.---.-.----.. .......... 1, 800 -

Total depth March 2, 1903.. ..-.---.------.... ... ... .. -1,975

On Novembei 30, 1902, Mr Tumei wrote "At about 1,030 feet we got some 15 to 20 feet of sand and 

when we bailed the well we got a good flow of pleasant-tasting water It boiled about 1 foot above the top 

of the 6-mch casing, but would soon choke with sand When the flow weakened some gas would be noticed 

with the watei Below 1,030 feet the foimation was diffeient clays, etc , mostly dark colored, but there was 

nothing that could be called sand until 1,350 fpet was reached We put in 1,215 feet of 6-inch casing and bailed 

again Result, consideiablc gas and the hole filled to within 300 feet ol the surface with clay shale and thick 

mud, no sand, the mud might be called gieasy The shells which I send you came from the hole after putting in the 6-inch casing and wa&hing and bailing They certainly came from below 1,215 feet "

The&e shells werp refened to Di W II Ball, who leported "They are of the horizon of the Claiboine 

sands, or mid-Eocene, and the specimens contain fragments of half a dozen chaiactei istic Claibomian species, ''

Just north of this well theie is a good exposure of fossihferous Jackson mail m the river bank which 

definitely determines the lossiliferous beds encountered in the uppei pait of this well to be of Jackson age 

The hgmtiferous clays below are clearly Cockfield The lignite beds suggest the impure lignite found m Lawhoin Bluff, and if in exactly the same stiatigiaphio position, indicate a depth of 82 feet pel mile

The strong flow of salt watei at» 1,800 fept Suggests the aitesian sand encounteicd in wells in San Augustine (1122), Nacogdoches (1100, 1101, 1106), and Cherokee (1076) counties at 200 to 300 feet below the base 

of the Claiborne, and should probably he so correlated

The artesian sand encountered at 1,030 feet suggests the widespread horizon which in PI XXXVII, SPC F, 

is consideied as basal Gookdeld, although here overlain by fossihferous beds which indicate that it is probably 

a part ol the Claihorne and that, as Vaughan has already suggested, the basal Cockfield should be so corielated It is more 01 less synonymous with the uppermost Claiborne water horizon of Mississippi a

1127. Partial action of well of Col W S Herndnn, Tyler , Smith County, T ex

	Feet

1 Blue flay. .......... ............. ..... . ................ 0-300

2 Sandstone, very haid. .............. . . ...... .. ....... 300-302

3 Sand ........ . . .................. .................... 302-

4 Cla>

5 band, not water beaung

G Clay

7 Sand

1129. Dr A A Patten icpoits "The city of Mincola bored a well 1,200 feet deep, 0 inches in diameter 

down to 600 feet, and 3 inches in diameter below that point The record from 600 to 1,200 feet was not well 

kept " The section down to 600 feet is given below

Section of well at Mineola, Wood County, Tex 6

* Foot

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Top soil ...... . . . .---....... i . . . . .

Red clay. . ........ . . . . . . . . .....

'Gi av 01 white sand, with watei ......... ..... . .

Biowmsh-black clay... . .--.-........ ... ..

Blown (lay. . . ..... .^ ................. ..

Blue clay ...... ...... .....................

Brown clay, sand, and mica. .......... ........

Lignite, sand, and iron pyrites. .................

Sandstone, with watei .........................

.......... . . 0

. ... . ..... 1

. . . .......... 12

.............. 20

............... 25

.............. 35

.............. 50

...... ..... 66

.............. 70

- 1

- 12

- 20

- 25

- 35

- 50

- 66

- 70

- 71

a See Jackson well (PI XLIII, sec I), and Johnson, L C , Water-Sup and Irr Tape. No 102, U S Geol Survey, 1904, 

pp 342, J43, 303, weirNo ISO

& Dumble, E T , Koport of the brown coal and lignite of Texas Geol Survey of Texas 1892, pp 132-135
326 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGBOUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

	Feet

10 Blue clay 01 mud........................................... 71 - 75

11 Giay sandstone, with water.................................. 75 - 80

12 Blueclay.................................................. 80 -100

13 Potter's clay................................................ 100 -110

14 Sandstone, with water......-...--.-.--------------...-...--- 110 -115

15 Gray or blue clajT __...__-.--------.---.---------------.----- 115 -115 5

16 Sandstone, with water.._.....--....--.---....------.....--. 115 5-125

17 Bluish-gi ay clay and pyrites................................. 125 -170

18 Bluish-gray clay, with some sand.._....................._.... 170 -180

19 Blue clay, with limestone bowldcis............................ 180 -200 ,

20 Gray sand................................................. 200 215

21 Black clay, with limestone, pyrites, etc........................ 215 -221

22 Dark limestone............................................. 221 -223

23 Gray sand and mica....................._................--. 223 -228 -

24 Black and blue day, mica, and pyiites........................ 228 -229

25 Gray sand, mica, brown clay, and water............_.......... 229 -235

26 Sandstone, with water....................................... 235 -239

27 Brown-black clay........................................... 239 -265

28 Whiteclay................................................ 205 -270

29 White or gray sand, mica, and pyntc^, with water.............. 270 -280

30 Lignite....... 7................ .............. ..^.......... 280 -281

31 White clay, with thin sUata of band, with water._...,...._._.-. 281 -300

32 Brown clay and white sand.................................. 300 -310

33 White sand, with water......................................310 -320

31 Blown day and lignite. ..................................... 320 -3JO

35 Biown joint clay........................................... 340 -342

36 Gray sand................................................. 342 -350

37 Gray sand and lignite ....................................... 3!X> -300

38 Guiy sand and pyrites........ .............................. 360 -370

39 White bund.... . ............. .......................... 370 -375

40 Grayish-white sand and black mud. ........................... 375 -380

41 Coarse white sand, with giams of lignite and water.............. 380 -400

42 Bioxvnclay................................................ 400 -405

43 Lignite................ ................ .. .............. 105 403

44 White sand, veiy coarse, with water............. ............. -!06 -408

45 Lignite.................................................... 40S -411

46 Gray clay........................ ......................... 411 -413

47 Grayish-white clay........................................... 413 -416

48 Blown clay. ............................................... 416 -421

49 Dark-brown day........................................... 421 -422

50^ Black mud................................................. 422 -424

51 Black mud, sand, and lignite.....................----...__... 424 -426

52 li on pyiitcb and black mud..-..-.......-.---...-............ 426 -430

53 Black-biown clay and pyntes,................................ 430 -460

54 Lignite.................................................... 460 -475

55 Black-biown clay-.-..............._.............-........... 475 180

56 Gray sand, with water...................................... 480 -490

57 Lignite.................................................... 490 -495

58 White sand, with watei.................................. ^ . 495 -505

59 Dark-brown joint clay....................................... 505 -515

60 Gray sand, mica, and water.................................. 515 -530

61 Dark-brown clay..... ...................................... 530 -550

62 Giayish-blue clay........................................... 5,50 -575

63 Daik-brown clay........................................... 575 -595

64 Joint clay and sand at bottom of boring....................... 595 -600
CHAPTER VI.

DICTIONARY OF ALTITUDES IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND

NORTHERN LOUISIANA.

INTRODUCTION

Relative elevations are of such importance in the solution of problems relating 

to underground waters that a list of altitudes becomes an imperative necessity 

in such investigations.

This region is particularly fortunate in having a very complete net of precise 

levels, from which railroad elevations can be so corrected that the error at any 

point is comparatively small In order that this error may be decreased still further 

a discussion of the nature of the corrections applied in the compilation of this 

dictionary is given below, from which a readjustment will be possible when more 

data are accumulated

In connection with the field work about 100 miles of reconnaissance levels 

were run, the results of which are given in the table of wells (Chapter V), to which 

the reader is referred for additional elevations

' SOURCES OF DATA

ALEXANDRIA AND WESTERN R ULROAD

Elevations accredited to this source are from a small-scale profile, kindly 

furnished by Ira W Sylvester, C E., of Alexandria, La , of a preliminary line 

running from, Alexandria to the junction of the Quelqueshoc (also called Calcasieu 

River) and Cypress bayous in T 2 N , R 4 W , thence through Walnut Hill to about 

the present site of Orange and southward to a point on Sabme River about 1 mile 

south of Toledo. As this survey started from the United States Engineers bench 

mark at Alexandria the only correction applied was that necessary to reduce Cairo 

datum to mean Gulf level ( 20 280 feet) Because of the small scale ol the profile 

the elevations have an error of ± 10 feet This line was of very great value in 

controlling the topography shown on the geologic map (PI III, in pocket)

ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA RAILWAY

Data from this source were obtained from the .profiles in the office of II. Rohwer, 

chief engineer of the Missouri Pacific system, at St Louis 

The correction applied was obtained as follows.

Grade elevation of first bridge noith of Hope l Feet

Line of leveh from United States Geological Survey bench mark on bank building.............. 337

From profile......-...-.-...............-.......................'.............-..-...... 84

Difference ....................................................................... +253

1393 No 46 06 26 327
328 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

ARKANSAS SOUTHERN RAILROAD

These elevations were taken from the fragmentary original field profiles in 

the company's office at Ruston, La , September 26, 1902. They have been corrected in accordance with the following data:

Top of lail, Vicksburg, Shieveport and Pacific crossing Feet

Line of levels from United States Engineer!, bench mark ................................... 304 47

Arkansas Southern profile................................................. ............ 313 GO

Difference.......................................................................... 913

These levels, as a whole, can be regarded as only approximate At Wmnfield 

a rough comparison indicates that the Arkansas Southern levels, as corrected, are 5 

feet higher than those of the Arkansas and Louisiana Railway This additional 

correction was not used, however, because of its uncertain value.

ARKANSAS SOUTHWESTERN RAILWAY

These elevations were obtained from fragmentary profiles in the office of the 

superintendent at Gurdon, Ark The correction applied was obtained as follows

Feet 

Corrected elevations St Louis, lion Mountain and Southern Railway at Snuthtown... ............ 210 6

Profile elevation Arkansas Southwestern Railway at Smithtown........ ....................... 279

Correction.......................................................................... 69 6

HOUSTON AND SHHEVEPOHT RAILROAD

These elevations were received from Mr. I A Cottmgham, engineer maintenance of way, in 1904. The approximate correction applied depends on the 

following

Grade elevation Kansas City Southern and Houston and Shreveport crossing Feet

From corrected Kansas City Southern profile .........................*..................... 234

From Houston and Shreveport bvels..................................................... 228 5

Correction-.......................................................................... +55

KANSAS CITY SOUTHERN HAII.WAY

Elevations accredited to this source are of two classes:

1 T^iose marked "P" are from a line of levels beginning at the United States 

Coast and Geodetic Survey bench mark on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad 

bridge at St Joseph, Mo , and running along the track of the Kansas City Southern 

Railway to Lake Charles, La, and Port Arthur, Tex This line was run after the 

railroad was built. Rail end benches were placed every half mile The error of 

closure with the top of boss of the United States Engineers bench mark in the postoffice yard at Shreveport, La., was.,as follows: ' ,

Feet 

Elevation corrected by Haylorda.......................................................... 199 744

Elevation according to Kansas City Southern precise levels ................_...'................ 201 785

Difference......................................................................... 2 041

oAnn Kept Supt Coast and Geodetic Survey lor 1899,1900, pp 493, 670
COBKECTIONS APPLIED IN LIST OP ALTITUDES. 329

In the elevations given in the accompanying table, which extend from Gillham, 

Ark , to De Ridder, La , this correction has been applied as a constant, no attempt 

having been made to distribute the error

2 The elevations marked "B," are from the profiles made at the tune of the 

construction of the road, those in Arkansas from copies in the office of the district 

engineer at Texarkana, and those in Louisiana from copies furnished by the chief 

engineer to the Geological Survey of Louisiana Corrections for the profiles south 

of Texarkana depend upon the following

At Shreveport, La a Feet

Zero city datum (16127 feet Cairo datum 7 18 feet) 6........ . ........... .. ......... 13381

Zero city datum (Kansas City Southern profile levels)..................................... 221 9

Difference.......................... . ......... .... .... . ...................... 88 1

At Mooriugspoit, La

Drawspan Fen y Lake bridge (Kansas City Southern profile).............................. 280

Top of rail, drawspan Ferry Lake bridge (elevation boss of United States engmeei bunch, Mooimgsport,+11730 feet) ................ ................. . ..................... 198933

Correction for top of rail elevation.......................... ................... 87 067

As these two lines show an essential agreement, a correction of 88 feet has 

been applied for ground level and 87 feet for top of rail.

KANSAS CITY, WAIKINS AND GULF RAILROAD

The levels along this line have been taken from Bulletin No. 160, United 

States Geological Survey, without alterations, because no data giving correction 

value was obtained

LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS RAILWAY

The elevations given are the corrected values received from the chief engineer, 

Col G. Knobel, September 2, ] 904, which depend on the value of the Hope United 

States Geological Survey bench mark of 356 feet. As the corrected value of this 

bench is 356 8 feet, 1 foot has been added to all the elevations A comparison 

with the United States Engineer blench mark at Sibley (Lanesville), La , suggests 

that an additional correction of about +1 foot should he applied south of that 

point.

LOUISIANA RAILWAY AND NAVIGATION COMPANY (RED RIVER VALLEY RAILROAD)

These elevations were obtained from profiles in the office of the chief engineer 

at Shreveport, La , October, 1902

All elevations between Shreveport and Colfax have been changed by adding 

2 7 feet, as a note on the profile at St. Maurice reads "Add 1 76 feet to reduce 

to M G D J M P " Since this depended on the old value for Cairo datum 

( 21 26 feetr), it is necessary to add to it 0 98 feet to reduce to the new value for 

Cairo datum (-20 28 feetd ).

oGeol Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1899 [1900], pp 203-204 

i> Aim Kept Chief of'Eng for 1902, pt 2, 1902, p 1448 

c Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1893,18Q3,p 2064 

iiAnn Kept Chief of Eng for 1902,pt 2,1902,p 1448
330 GEOLOGY AND UNDEEGEOUND WATEE OF LOUISIANA AND AEKANSAS.

Between Colfax and Bordelonville a correction of +0.91 foot has been applied, 

which depends on the following values. /

Alexandria to Colfax ,c

High water at Alexandria. 1892 \

j J Feet

Piofile of Louisiana Railway and Navig JOL 'i Company.................................. 81 5

United States Engineers «........................................................... 82 41

Correction............. ........................................................ +0 91

Alexandna to Boi delouville

Elevation boss United States Engineers pipe-stone bench in old jail yard, Alexandria 

Feet 

Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company levels................................... 74 00

United States Engineers 6.......................................................... 74 918

Correction..................................................................... 4-0 91

The same correction has been applied on the Colfax-Winnfield line

MISSISSIPPI RIVER, HAMBURG AND WESTERN K4TTWAY

Data obtained from profile in office of H. Rohwer, chief engineer of the Missouri 

Pacific system, at St. Louis, February, 1903. The correction applied was derived 

from the following

Feet 

Approximate elevation top of rail at Montrose from United States Engineers bench................... 124

Profile elevation at Montiose............................ ...................................... 163

Difference....................................... ..................................... 39

MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS RAILWAY.

The elevations accredited to this source are taken from a profile furnished in 

1898 by Maj B S Wathen, chief engineer of the Texas and Pacific Eailway The 

portion of the line from Shreveport to the Texas State line was at that time leased by 

the Texas and Pacific The correction applied to reduce this to mean Gulf level 

depends on the following ' *

Elevation top of rail at Kansas City Southern crossing near Stockyaids, Shrevepoit

' Feet. 

Kansas City Southern corrected profile........... ........... ............................ 238 9

Missioun, Kansas and Texas profile....................................................... 239 5

Coji ection for top of rail elevation......................... ............................ 0 6

«

NEW OBLEANS AND NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY

Data along this line were taken from the profiles in the office of H. Rohwer, 

chief engineer of the Missouri Pacific system, at St Louis A comparison of the 

stations below Rayville with the United States Engineers bench marks shows a 

correction of approximately +15 feet This has been applied to all elevations.

OLD RIVER AND KISSA'IOHIE RAILWAY

The elevations along this line were obtained from the general manager in September, 1902, and were corrected on the assumption" that the elevation of the top 

of rail, Texas and Pacific Railway, at Old River station is 100 feet above sea level

a Ann Bopt Chief of l£ng for 1893,1803, p 1082 & Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2,1902, p 1458
CORRECTIONS APPLIED IN I FST OF ALTITUDES. 331

PINE BLUFF AND WESTERN RAILWAY

Elevations along this line were furnished by Mr W T Radford, and covered 

not only the portion already built, but a portion of the preliminary survey toward 

Bentoii The correction applied was +1 feet

)" ',.! 

ST LOUIS, IRON MOUNTAIN AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY

Main hne The elevations from the Hot Springs-dark County line to Texarkana are taken from a detailed profile kindly loaned by Chief Engineer H. Rohwer. 

Lines of levels from the United States Geological Survey bench marks at Gurdon, 

Prescott, and Hope give the following corrections for top of rail elevations

Feet 

Gurdon... ----- ------ -- - .... ----------- ---------- ............... +10306

Prescott.............----... ---. -----..---.-..-..-.---.,-.....-.-----. +10310

Hope.................. ................. ....................I..... +10303

The value, +103 1, has been taken

Little Rock to Alecandria, La (" Valley Road'' ; The section ol the profile from 

Pine Bluff northward has not been corrected other than to add 1 foot for top of rail 

elevation On this the! elevation of the depot at "Little Rock is given as 208 feet, the 

St Louis Southwestern crossing at Pine Bluff 227 feet, and the depot at Pine Bluff 

214 feet

The section from Pine Bluff to McGehee has been corrected according to the 

following

FeetApproximate elevation top of rail McGehee station a ............................................ 150 0

Profile elevation McGehee station. ............................................... ............ 147 5

Difference. ......................................................................... +25

From Riverton'to Alexandria elevations were taken from profiles dated October, 

1895, and indorsed "Built in 1892 " The correction depends on the following

Near Riverton, Caldwcll Parish, La

Feet

Railroad bench maik at Smith Lake .............................. . . . . . ... . ...... 72 16

Elevation of bame, United States Engineers'*. ............................................ 66 722

Correction......................... ............................................ .. 54

Red River bridge at Alexandria

High water June 11-14, 1902 ' Feet 

x Profile St Louib, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway.................................. 85 5

United States Engineers c .............................................. .......... 83 3

* ____

Correction............................................. . .. .................... 22

These corrections have been applied at the point indicated, and points between 

have been corrected according to their proportional distances

Warren branch An attempt was made to connect this line with the United 

States Engineers pipe-flange bench at Dermott, Ark , but in the short time available

a Elevation guen by Gannrtt on authority of United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, plus correction from readjustment of levels Ity TTayford

6 Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1902, pt 2,1<102, p 1475 

cAnn Kept Chief of Eng lor 18)), 1893, p 10S3
332 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

the writer did not succeed in finding the bench The elevation given on the profile 

is, however, a very close approximation, as may be seen by a rough comparison of the 

elevations at Tnppe, Dormott, and Baxter with the elevations of the United States 

Engineers pipe-flange benches at those places.

ST LOUIS, SAN FRANCISCO AND NEW ORLEANS RAII ROAD (ARKANSAS AND CHOCTAW RAILROAD)

The elevations from Ashdown to Hope were obtained from the division engineer, 

James Harrmgton, m December, 1902. The initial point of these elevations was the 

Kansas City Southern rail-end bench at milepost 468 at Ashdown, which was given 

an elevation of 330 69 feet (corrected from Shreveport =328.65) The difference at 

Hope was

Elevation United States Geological Survey bench mark on bank building Feet

By Arkansas and Choctaw levek ............................... ........................ 359 34

By United States Geological Sui vey...................................................... 356 81

Correction for Arkansas and Choctaw levek.................... ........................ 2 53

This correction has likewise been applied to the station elevations furnished by 

Chief Engineer J F. Hmklcy

ST LOUIS SOUTHWESTERN RAILWAY

All elevations given are taken directly from Gannett's Dictionary of Altitudes ° 

A comparison with the United States Engineers benches along the same line 

indicates an error of ± 5 feet

S1BLEY, I 4TCE BISTIENEAU AND .SOUTHERN RAILROAD

Data obtained from the company's office at Yellow Pine, through the kindness 

of Mr J W Martin, general manager The relation of the line to the United States 

Engineers bench mark at Sibley (Lanesville) is not known, as there is no record of 

elevations of the portion of the line from Sibley to Yellow Pine The correction 

applied depends on the following

Elevation south head block at depot Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company, Coushatta Foot 

According to Sibley, Lake Bistmcau and Southern prphmmaiy survey........................ 141 1

Accoi ding to Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company coirected profile................... 144 74

Correction.......................................................................... +3 6

SOUTHERN LUMBER COMPANY

These elevations are from a small profile copied in the office of the manager at 

Warren, Ark., in November, 1902 The initial point is the St Louis, Iron Mountain 

and Southern Railway bridge No 714 at Warren, which has an elevation of 198 feet 

above sea level.

TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILWAY

In the absence of satisfactory correction data the elevations at stations along 

the Texas and Pacific are given exactly as received from Chief Engineer B. S Wathen 

Comparisons at Shreveport indicate that the error is not greater than 1 or 2 feet

a Gannett, Henry, Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States, 3d ed Bull U S Gcol Survey No 160, 1890
CORRECTIONS APPLIED IN LIST OF ALTITUDES. > 333

The data in Caddo Parish are from a profile furnished by the chief engineer, which 

has been corrected to agree with the following

Feet 

Elevation Rei&or. ..................................................................... .^... 190 4

Elevation Reisoi (profile)................................................................... 155 9

Correction. ...............................................^......................... +34 5

UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SOBVFT

The elevations given refer to those of the Vidaha-Smithland, Vicksburg-Vidalia, 

Wilkersons-Vicksburg, and Little Rock-Wilkersons lines as corrected by Hayford 

in 1900 "

Bencli marks The permanent bench marks encountered on these lines are of ' 

the following classes, unless otherwise described

1 Stone posts dressed to 5 by 5 inches or 6 by 6 inches at the top, projecting a 

few inches above the surface, marked in one of the following ways

US US US

n BnM BnM

BM 1880 1881

The bottom of the square cut in the top of the stone is the bench.

2 Copper bolts leaded in masonry, either horizontally or vertically. If horizontal, the bench is the center of the bolt or the center of the cross cut in the bolt, 

if vertical, the top of the bolt

UNITED STATES ENGINEERS

The elevations accredited to this source are from the Reports of the Chief of 

Engineers for 1893 and 1902 b

On the precise lines from Delta to Coushatta, Coushatta to Grand Bend, 

Grand Bend to Smithland, Monroe to mouth of Bla<jk River, Monroe to Little 

Rock, Camden to Shreveport, Rayville to Concordia, Parkville to Greenville via 

Arkansas City, Glendora to Farmerville, Delhi to Tensas River, Archibald to Bellevue and Three Rivers, Gilbert to New Light, Shr'eveport to Jeters Landing, and 

Baskin to mouth of Black River, the elevations are the mean Gulf elevations given 

in the engineer's report for 1902 A reduction of these values to the precise-level 

net of the Coast Survey was published by Hayford in 1900, to which the reader is 

referred.0

The elevations along the line from Fulton to Shreveport and of the high and 

low water marks, which in the engineers' reports are expressed in meters above 

Cairo datum, have been reduced by using the following values- 1 meter =3 280833 

feet; d mean Gulf level= +20.28 feet,6 Cairo datum

a Kept Supt Coast and Geodetic Survey lor 1899, 1000, pp 482-483, 607-013

6 Ann Kept Chief oj Eng for 1893,1893, pp 1953 1956-57,1973-74,1982,2064 Idem for 1002,1902, pp 1448-1453

cEept Coast and Geodetic Survey for 1899,1900, pp 482-483,607-613

iJBull U S Coast and Geodetic Survey,November, 1901

t Ann Kept Chief of Eng for 1902,1902, p 1448
384 oioLOGr AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Bench marks The bench marks of the United States Engineers are of the 

following clas'ses1 Pipostone benches. Pieces of limestone 46 cm square, 16 cm. thick, marked

US

o with spherical-headed copper bolts leaded in upper faces and buried 1.2 

BM,

meters under ground, access being given through 12-cm. iron pipes set on top. 

Each pipe has a cast-iron cap, fastened by a horizontal bolt through cap and pipe.

USE 

The cap has a small boss and'the letters o raised on top Elevations apply to the

BM

top of the bolt in the underground stone. Elevation of boss of pipe cap can 

be found in any case by adding 4 068 feet to elevation of copper bolt

2. Pipe-flange benches These consist of 4-cm gas pipes about 1 6 meters 

long, capped at upper end and having a 12-cm circular flange attached near lower 

end by lock nuts Monuments set with about 0.1 meter above ground surface. 

Flanges are surrounded in the usual case by a matrix of neat cement, approximately doubling the bearing area of the monument. Elevations apply to the top of cap

3 Koot benches Temporary benches generally consisting of a nail in a knuckle chopped 

in the root of the tree On many trees the letters 

U S have been cut or branded above the bench

UNITED SrATRS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

The elevations given are the results of the precise levels run in connection with the survey of 

the Caniden, Gurdon, and Caddo Gap quadrangles, 

adjusted by Mr D. II Baldwin, August, 1904

Bench marks Permanent bench marks are of

Fir, 33 Top of standard United States Geo-* j-Wn f-,rnpu 

logical Survey Tiench mark Ijpeb

1 Iron posts. These are hollow wrought-iron

posts 4 feet 6 inches in length, 3.5 inches in outer diameter, split at the bottom 

and expanded to 12 inches, to prevent the easy subsidence of the post or malicious disturbance. In the top is riveted a bronze tablet 3 5 inches in diameter, 

one-fourth inch thick, lettered as shown in flg 33 These posts are buried in 

the earth, with only 1 foot of their length pro]ectmg above the surface. The 

intersection of the cross is taken as the bench *mark.

2 Tablets Metal tablets fastened with Portland cement into rock or masonry 

structures, lettered as shown in fig. 33 The bench mark is the intersection of the 

cross lines
ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORITIES FOR ALTITUDES. 335

VICKSBURO, SHREVEFORT AND PACIFIC RAILWAY

These elevations were received from Resident Engineer L W Stubbs in November, 1898, expressed in feet, Cairo datum A connection with the United States 

Engineers gage at Shreveport, by City Engineer Cain, made November 22, 1898, 

gave the following correction

Feet

Top of rail south end Vieksburg, Shreveport and Pacific bridge, fiom United States Engineers gage.. . 189 32 

Top of rail " Red River Bridge," Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific levels......................... 206 4

Correction...................................................................... ... 17 1

This correction has been applied throughout, and the error is probably ± 3 feet 

More exact elevations, however, may be had along this line in the permanent 

reference points of the United States Engineers.

' ABBREVIATIONS

The elevations given below vary greatly in accuracy, and they have been 

divided roughly into the following classes

P=Precise levels of the United States Engineers, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and United States

Geological Suivcy * 

E=Engmeers' levels Levels run by United States Engineers, but not classed by them as precise In general,

more accurate than railroad levels

R=Railioad levels As tlicrc is no economic need for cxtieme precision in elevations in railioad constructions, these levels, as a mle, may be regarded as only approximate Tlie eaoi, liowcvci, is lelatively 

small and need not he considered in most of the geologic and water pioblems involved in this area 

L=Reconnaissancc levels Included in this head are prehminaiy surveys for railroads and other miscellaneous 

lines controlled by spirit-level surveys As a rule, they aie less accurate than the three foregoing classes 

A & W. --..--.-----------.--.. ----..----..----. -Alexandria and Western Railroad

A & L............. ......----...---........--.-. .Arkansas and Louisiana Railway

A S. ----------.-.. --..------ ........... ......Arkansas Southern Railroad

A S W...------------------------------- . ..... .Aikansas Southwestern Railway

II & S. ...................... ...................Houston and Shreveport Railroad

K C S. ............................ ^.......... .. .Kansas City Southern Railway

K C , W & G..... ............................... .Kansas City, Watkms and Gult Railioad

L & A............. ..--------....--...---.-----. .Louisiana and Aikansas Railway

L R &N...... ... ........... ..--...---..---.. .Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company

M R , H & W.------------------------------------Mississippi River, Ilambuig and Western Railway «

M , K &T....................................... .Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway

N O &N W............-----.. ...-....-..-.---- .New Orleans and Northwestern Railroad

N , R R & T... ..................................Natchez, Red Rivci and Texas Railroad

O R & K.........................................Old River and Kissatchie Railroad

P. B & W.........................................Pine Bluff and Western Railway

St L , I M & S......... ..........................St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway

St L , S F & N O...-.......-.......-.-.....----. .St Louis, San Francisco and New Orleans Railroad

St L S W...... .................................St Louis Southwestern Railway

S , L B & S...............--.----.--------...--.. .Sibley, Lake Bistmeau and Southern Railway

S Lbr Co........................................ -Southern Lumber Company

T & P............. ............................. .Texas and Pacific Railway

U S C &G S.....................................United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

U S E. ............. ^............................ .United States Engmeeis

U S G S................-------------------....... United States Geological Survey

V,S. & P.. ...........-.------------..I.-........ .Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway.
ALTITUDES IN SOUTHERN ARKANSAS.

Location

ASHLEY COUNTY

Hayou Bartholomew, Cox FOED, pipe-flange bench in jard of Silver Mount

Baptist Church

 KING (BAILEY) PLACF gage bench mark, root bench in white oak lf>0 feet

above lane to railroad

 LOUISIANA-ARKANSAS STATE LINE, 1,650 fret south of, pipe-flange bench 260

feet east of bayou and .50 feet east of railroad

 MCBRIDE PLACE, pipe-flange bench 10S feet from left bank and ut juncture 

of Portland-Hamburg road and road from bayou

 MORRIS PLACE pipe-flange bench 10 feet west of left bank and 6 feet east of

road

 M 11 , H &. W BRIDGE, top of rail . .

 bed of bayou

 NOBLE (TAMES) PLACE, pipe-flange bench on bayou 132 feet west of St L ,

I M & S track at point nearesl to bayou

 PoRTLAND-H^MBUno FERRY, high water 1874 . . 

 SHEERER FERRI, high water 1895 ... . . ..........

 TFBBS FFRRI, high water 1897 . r

Bcarliou^c Creek, hill west of . .......

Clilmaiialiaw Creek, M B , II &W URIDGF top of rail... ....

 bed of creek . ...

Crossett; top of rail, centei of station ... . ....

Cypress, 1 mile north of, root bench in sweet gum east of track, 0 telegraph

poles below mnepost 490

 root bench in pin oak e ist of track, 7 telegraph poles below milepost 491 .

 1 mile south of root bench in s\\eet gum east of track, at first telegraph 

pole south of milepost 492

Drew County line; root bench in oak 80 feet east of track, 1 telegraph poles 

alxne the Ashley-Drew County line

Hambii rjf ; top of rail center of station.

 6 miles west of prune . . ....

Ki<l<ls Spur; pipe-flange bench in P L ilcOurdy s yard, 30 feet east of track

Louisiana-Arkansas State line; top of rail. ...

OTontrose; top of mil St L , I M <£, S crossing. . .

 root bench in white oak 50 feet east of track, 9 telegraph poles below milepost 470

 root hem h in sweet gum ?0 feet east of track, 4 telegraph poles, north of milepost 470

Morrell, 1 mile north of, loot bench in sweet gum fli feet west of track, 05

telegraph poles below milepost 4(>5

 pipe-fiangc bench in yard of section house

 zero of gage, Bayon Bartholomew

 1 mile south of, root bench in willow oak 50 feet east of track 3 telegraph 

poles below sign reading ' Station 1 mile "

 2 miles south of, root bencli in sweet gum east of track, 3 5 telegraph poles 

south of milepost 408

 3 miles south of, root bench m hickory west of track, 5 telegraph poles above

milepost 409

Onarlilta River, MARIE 'SALINF LANDING, pipestone bench 1,000 feet from 

rn er and 30 feet north of road from landing

Authority

U S E.... . . .

USE., . .

USE. . .

U CJ TJ> O KJ . . .

U 8 E... . .

M R , II & W

M R , H &. W . . .

USE.

USE... . 

USE ...

USE..

M R , H & W . . .

M R H & W .

M R , H <S. \V .

M R . H &. W . . .

USE.. .

USE

USE.

USE

M R , H & W

M R , 11 & \V

USE

N O & N W.

M R , H & W ....

USE

U S E... . .

USE. . .

U S E.. . ..

USE.. ....

USE.. ...

USE. ...

U S E.. ... .

D S.E... .. . .

Class

E

P

P

E

E

H

P

E 

E

E

R

R

H

R

P

P

P

P

R

R

P

R

R

P

P

P

P

E

P

P

P

E

Elevation

Feet

132 21

118 556

107 075

lotr CO

UO dZ

119 93

132

86 

113 700

122 17 

118 30

114 R2

15S

156

130

101

100 404

105 010

107 002

126 347

164

177

124 237

90

124

122 024

124 883

1 9^ £ti fifiQ w 15

130 102

99 24

125 193

120 029

128 658

62 95

336
ALTITUDES IN ARKANSAS. 

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

337

Location

ASHLEY COUNTY continued

Parkdale, 2 miles north of, root bench in black gum 65 feet nest of track, 11 5

telegraph poles above milepost 482

 1 mile north of, root bench in sweet gum 50 feet east of track, 9 telegraph

poles above milepost 483

 pipe-flange bench m section-house yard.

 zeio of gage, Bayou Bartholomew . ...

Portland, S miles north cf root bench m sneet gifm 65 feet west of track, 13

telegraph poles below milepost 472

 1 mile north of, root bench ui white oak 130 feet nest of track, 0 telegraph

poles below milepost 474

 pipe-flange bench in section-house jard

 3 miles south of, root bench in hitkorj 65 feet east of track, 0 75 telegraph

pole above milepost 478

Sunshine; pipe-flange bench in Fd Iloneycutt's yard, 50 feet cast of track, 2 

telegraph poles south of milepost 479

Wilmot, ,i miles north of rool bench in Mack gum GT feet west o track, 5 5 telegraph poles below milepost 485

 2 miles north of, root bench in oak 50 feet nest of track, G telegraph poles

above milepost 4Sfi

 1 mile nortli of, root bench in elm G> feet west of track, 30 feet above milepost 487

 pipe-flange bench in southeast ( orner of Hotel Chesnutt yard

 1 mile south of, root bench in oak U telegraph poles below milepost 489 . .

BRADLEY COUNTY

Bayou Moro; sec S, T 13 S , E 12 W

Saline Stiver; ST L,I M AS BRIDGE top of stringer ...

 bank level .......

AV.irren; grade, center of station. .

 4 miles west of, summit between Warren and Bavou Moro .....

 8 miles west of Steep Bank Eagle Creek, bed

 11 miles west of, Eagle Creek bridge

 11 miles west of, bed of Eagle Creek . ... . .

tALHOUN (.OUNTY

Hiirloiv; iron post 450 feet southnest of station, 10 feet southwest of milepost 318

 3 uilleb south-southeast of, iron post 380 feet north of Chambors\ ille-Cumdcii 

road, at northwest corner of sec 9, T 12 S , R 14 \\

Little Ba> . . .

Locust Bayou, Smileswest of iron post at corner of field where road forks,

center of sou 33, T 13 & , R 10 W

Oiiachlta River, LEPPARD'S CAMP, pipestone bench 150 feet from river, 100 feet

hack of cabin

 LITTLE BA^ CREEK, mouth of, pipestonc bench on left bank

Sniead,4 mileb north of, iron post on section line, 19 75 feet east of northwest corner ot sec 23, T 12 S , E 15 W

 3 miles south of, iron post at fork of roads northeast corner of northeast

quarter 01 sec 26, T 13 S , E 15 W

 3 5 miles east of, iron post at northwest corner of sec 9, T 13 S , E 14W.

Thoruton. .... .... . .

CHICOT COUNTY

Bayou Bartholomew. See Drew County, Bayou Bartholomew

JDermott, 4 miles north of, root bench m oak east of track, 2 5 telegraph poles

abo\e milepost 451

 3 miles north of, root bench in oak east of track, 3 5 telegraph poles abo\e

milepost 452

Authority

USE... ..

USE...

USE ...

USE.. . . .

USE. ..

USE ...

USE....

USE ......

USE.

USE.

USE. ..

USE.

USE

USE..

S Lbr Co ...

St L ,1 M i S.

St L , J M & S .

St L , I M <£. S .

S Lbr Co . .

S Lbr Co....

S Lbr Co ..

8 Lbr Co.... . .

U S 0 S ... .

U S G S... .

St L S W..

U S G S

U. S E .

USE.. . ..

uses..

U S O S. ... . .

TT q p q

St L S W. .

'

USE...

U.S E. ...... .... .

Class

P

P

P

E

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

E

E

E

R

E

E

R

P

P

R

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

P

P

Elevation

Feel

118 045

117 440

lib 418

85 59

123 237

122 678

127 449

112 813

117 907

113 465

112 404

109 482

114 367

108 771

146

124

117

211

2S2

192

188

178

271 137

285 2fil

313

107 332

90 415

60 418

215 067

157 992

215 770

310

138 002

136 503
#38 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

CHICOT rouNTi continued

Dermott, Smiles north of, root bench m persimmon ea!>t of track, 1 telegraph polo 

above mtlepo&t 453

post 454

614 on Warren Branch 

 pipe-flange bench in section yard . . . .

 3 miles south of, root bench in oak west of track, 1 telegraph pole above second 

cattle gap below imlepost 458

1 lu<l *pclli. 2 miles north of, root bench in hickorj 65 fpet west of track, 0 telegraph 

poles Mow nlilepost 459

 1 mile south of, root bencli in hickory 50 feet east of track, 9 telegraph poles 

below sign reading ' ' Station 1 mile "

CI.AKK COUNTY

Antoiiie Creek, A S W BRIDGE, hod of creek . ....

Arktidelplim; bronze tablet in seconj stone above ground at northwest corner 

of court-house

 pipe-flange bench on pine knoll northwest of station.

 high water, 1S82 . .....

 low water 1892 

 See under Ouaohita River

 2 miles west of, top of rail at milepost 412.

Beaver Slougli, St L , I M & S BHIDOE, top of rail 

Belrne; top of rail, center of station 

 iron post on Doctor Kerston's property, 250 feet west of Methodist Church . 

Brltts; top of rail, center of platform ... 

Bnrt«el; grade, center of station 

< 'u rli*; top of rail, center of depot. . . *

 0 2S mile south of station, iron post on east right-of-way hue of Iron Mountain 11 wj , and on line between sections 1 and 36

Dalurk; iron post on line between Dallas and Clark counties, in north west corner of 

sec 13, T 8 S , B 18 W

Daleville; top of rail, center of station. _ . . ... ....

chit.i Rivei 

Gum Springs; top of rail, east head block. - - . .

- pipe-dange bench near corner of section house .. . ..

<; in-dim; aluminum tablet near southeast corner brick building, northwest corner 

or Mam and West Front streets

. 2 miles west of, top of rail, at summit

Heforon, 3 miles southeast of, iron post 500 feet cast of center of sec 10 T 10 S B 

18 W ' '

. 2 miles east of, iron post 10 foot north of P Bcnnett's well, southeast corner 

ol northeast quarter of northeast quarter of sec i3, T 0 S , E IS W

Authority

USE. 

USE.. 

USE.. ' .

USE.. 

St L , I M & S 

USE ...

USE. . .

USE... ...

A S W-. . 

A S W . ... . 

U S G S ..

St L , I M AS 

USE.. 

USE... 

USE...

USE.... 

J S E .

USE. 

St L , I M A S. 

St L , I M A S 

St L , 1 M A S . . 

St L , I M A S.. 

U fi G S. .. 

St L , I M , A S . . 

A S W ..... 

St L , I M & S . .

uses.

USE 

U S G S . ...

St L , 1 M A S. 

St L , I M A S - 

USE.

St L , I M A S 

St L , I M & S. 

USE.. 

U S G S ... . .

St L , I M AS. . 

St L , I M & S. 

U S 0 S. . . .

U S G S .. . ..

Class

P 

P 

P

P 

E 

P

P

P 

P

E 

E 

P

E 

P 

P

E

E 

E

P 

R 

R 

E 

E 

P 

E 

K 

E 

P

P 

P

R 

E 

P

E

P 

P

E 

E 

P

P

Elevation

Fiet 

135 327

13d 492 

141 348

139 'J90 

140 4 

135 444

137 878

1.12 936 

128 7JJ

22S 

265 

246 3d9

189 1 

188 340 

21b 206 

103 12

I 188 18 

1 188 45

164 50

180 CS7 

182 5 

176 

204 1 

226 5 

238 225 

201 5 

264 

186 fi 

170 880

185 111 

272 499

103 4 

1W 

187 021

215 1 

215 3 

213 002 

200 S95

210 6 

245 1 

207 773

205 025
ALTITUDES IN ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

339

Location

CLARK COUNTY* continued

Hot Springs County line; top of rail. ... ... ....

 ground.. .. ... ...

Little Missouri River, T 11 S , U 19 W , cross between rails on top of stone

pier at north end of St L , I M & S bridge, marked U S B M

 SEC 19, T 10 S , R 21 W , top of rail, St L , I M AS bridge

 bottomland.

 -,'bed of river ......

 ELKINS Fonu, 1 rmlenorth of , iron post 30 feet west of road at half-mile corner on east 1 ne of sec 21, T 9 S , R 22 W

Okolona; station ...

 iron post in southwest corner of high school yard

 3 5 miles south of, on Elkms Ford road, uon post at half-mile corner, east line 

of sec 21, r 9 S , R 22 W , 30 feet west of road

OII.K liila River, ST L T M & S BRIDGE, top ol lail .

 bed of river . . .

 crobs on pedestal stone, downstream end of nght-bank pier

 on top coping stone, north end of west abutment - . .

Saline Ilayou; near milepost 408, top of rail, bridge 030.

 bed of bayou, at bridge 030 . . .

Smitlitoii; top ol rail, center of station . ...

 3, 900 feet northeast of, pipestone bench at milepost 423 St L , I M & S

 4 miles east of, iron post bet ween two buildings on property of \\ A Young,

sec 20, T 9 S , R 19 \V

TVrre IVoire <;reek, ST L , 1 M <i- S BRIDGE, top of rail .

 bottomland..

- - - bed of creek.. .... ... ^ .

Tip-top station

- east of, IronpostlOOfeetnorthoftrack 'iOfeet west of Gurdon-Keyton road, 

southeast cornel of see 15 T OS H 21 \V

Wlielen Springs

 iron post 4"0 feet west of station, 30 feet south of southwest corner of see 20

 pipe-flange bench, 100 feet east of depot, on line with north wall

 3 75 miles northeast ol uon post north side of Gurtlou-Camdeu road, between

sees 19 and 20 T 11 S , R 19 W

CLEVELAND COUNTT

Keclron ... . . ...

iltlngslaiid ..

Rixon ' .

COLUMBIA COUNTS

Bayou J>orclieat, ST L S \V < KOSSING, root bench on oak north of traek 

300 feet w est of trestle

IBnfkner

 2 3 miles past of, root bench on pine at road crossing, 00 feet south of track, 

3 5 telegraph poles west of milepost 379

 1 mile east of, root bench on oak north of track, 22" feet west of sign " Station 

1 mile "

Croolied Creek, L A A UIUDOU, top of stringer

 bed of ereek

I? eigtison; grade, center of station

JLalayette County line; grade L & A track

lionisiana-Arkannax St«tte line; grade L & A traek .

JTIcNeii

 500 feet from depot, pipestone bench 90 feet south from mam track of St L

S W , 40 feet from transfer shed

 2 miles west of, root bench in sweet gum 0 telegraph poles west of milepost 

370, 50 feet south of track

Authority

St L , I M & S. .

St L , I M & S

USE. . .

St L , I M & S

St L , I M &S 

St L , I M & S .

U S G S . .

A S W..

U S G S. . 

U S G S .

St L , I M &S

St L , I M AS

USE.

U S G S

St L , I M & S

St L , I M & S

St L , I M & S.

USE..

U S G S

St L, I M A S .

St L , I M A* S

St L , 1 M & S.

A S W

U S G S

St L , 1 M & S

uses

USE

U S G S ..

St L S W .

St L S W

St L S W

USE

St L S W

USE

USE

L A A

L A A. .

L A A

L & A.

L A A .

St L S W.

USE.

U CJ 1? 0 ±J , . .

Class

R

R

P

R

R 

R

P

R

P 

P

R

R

P

P

R

R

R

r

P

R

R

R

R

P

R

P

P

P

R

R

R

P

H

P

P

R

R

R

R

H

R

P

P

Elevation

Feet

199 5

194

105 790

210 9

198 

172

217 ISO

370

423 440 

217 180

198 8

153

194 909

193 18

190 1

173

210 0

200 242

170 944

175 0

105

155

332

319 309

251

. 247 207

252 357

198 968

206

209

225

245 448

275

270 597

245 448

251

243

267

273

248

321

322 298

298 551
340 GFOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND AEKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

COLUMBIA COUNTY continued

Magnesia Springs; root bench in red oak 60 feet northeast of first cut southwest of station

Magnolia .... ...

Mllnei, 2 miles north of, root bench in oak 05 feet northeast of track, 132 feet 

south oi milepost 361

 0 5 mile north of, root bench in oak 50 feet northeast of track, north end of 

trestle 885

 6,50 feet north of station, root bench in inaple 65 feet southwest of main track. 

 at station .... ....

Taylor; grade, center of station.. .. ....

\Valdo, 0 2 mile east of, root bench in post oak 100 feet south of track, 3 5 telegraph 

poles west of milepost 373

 pipcstonc bench 100 feet from track, SCO feet east of depot

 2 8 miles west of, root bench in white oak 50 feet north ol track, 1,040 feet west 

of milepost 370

Welcome; grade, center of station ......

DALLAS COUNTY

Dalark; iron post on line between Dallas and Clark counties, northwest corner of 

sec 13, T 8 S , R 18 W

Dry Run station. ..... . . ...

JFalrvlew; iron post 200 feet south of corner known as "OrayRock," at fork 

of roads on line between sees 22 and 23, T, 0 R , R 17 W

JFordyce. .... .. .

Heine, 1 mile north of, iron post at southeast corner of Ouachita Church property, 800 feet northwest of northwest corner of sec 23, T 10 S , R 17 W

Holly drove, 3 miles northwest of, iron post 25D feet southeast of bridge over 

Whiteoak Creek, on south side of road, on hue between sees 15 and 16, T 10 S , 

K 16 W

Holly Springs, 6 miles east of, iron post in Mill Creek bottom, on property of 

of Mr Wm Marshall, sr , northwest corner of sec 16, T 10 S , R 15 W

Nix, 1 5 miles southeast of, on iron post on road on section line 450 feet west of 

southeast corner of sec 5, T 9 S , R 16 W

 iron post 230 feet east of post-office, in east half of southeast quarter of sec 33 

T S S , R 16 W

Princeton, 4 5 miles (straight line) southeast of, iron post at intersection of dirt 

roads 120 feet south ctf Zion Church, T 9 S , R 14 W

 3 miles south of, at intersection of Prrnc'cton, Bearden and Holly Springs 

roads, iron post on line between sees 14 and 15, T 0 R , R 15 W

 aluminum tablet on west of entrant e to county jail

Ram»sey, 3 5 miles south of, iron post at intersection of Fordycc-Pnnceton roads 

and Harlow Lumber Co 's tramway, 450feet east of old water tank, T 10 ,R 14W

DLSHA COUNTY

Amos Bayou station; top of rail at switch block

Amos Bayou, ST L,I M &S BHIDGE, top of rail.. ... . . . .

 bed of bayou ..... . . . 

Arkansas City; granite post 0 feet south of house southwest of station .

 granite post 6 feet south of house southwest cf station

Drew County line; north of Winchester 

 south of Tillar .-.__ .

Dumas; top of rail, center of station ..... ...

Halley; grade, center of station.. .. ...

Lear station; top of rail, center of station. .'....

McGence; top of rail, center of station .... . . .

 pipe-flange bench in yard of cabin opposite north end of switch, west of St L , 

I M & S track

 1 mile south of, root bench in honey locust on west edge of right of way, 2 5 

telegraph poles below milepost 448

Authority

U S E...

St L S W .

USE

USE

USE.. 

St L S W . 

L & A

USE

USE . . . 

USE.

L &A ..... . .. .

U S G R. .

St L S W.

U S CT S

St L S W . ...

U S G S .

U S G S.

uses

U S G S 

U S G S

U S O R ....

U S G S.

U S G S... 

U S G S.

Rt L , I M & S

St L , I M & R . 

St L , I M A S . 

U S E..

U S C & 0 S.....

St L , I M & R . 

St L , I M & S . 

St L , I M & S .

St L , I M & S . . 

Rt L , I M & S . 

St L , I M & S 

USE

USE..

Class

P

R

P

P

R 

R

P

P 

P

R

P

B

P

R

P

P

P

P 

P

P

P

P 

.P

R

R 

R 

P

P

R 

R 

B

R 

R 

R 

P

P

Elevation

Ftet

303 314

315

103 7fiO

211 621

219 19 

208 

253

354 884

352 025 

304 008

276

272 499

206

191 336

275

150 033

13fi 04

213 25

297 023 

227 128

352 109

300 708

287 587 

222 412

158 5

1,57 5 

151 5 

138 4,57

138 497

156 5 

154 5 

109 5

138 

165 

150 

148 513

147 112
ALTITUDES IN AKKANSAS.

Altitudes in soutliern Atlcansas Continued

341

Location

DESHA COUNTY continued

McGetoee, 2 miles south ol, root bench in willow oak on east edge ol nght ol way, 

2 5 telegraph poles Irom milepost 440

 3 nulcs south of, root hcnch in sweet gum on edge ol right ol way, 2 5 telegraph 

poles above milepost 450 

Keedvllle; top ol rail, center ol station. . . 

Rotoii; top of rail, center of station ...... . ...

Wulilut Lake; top ol rail, center of station ......

BRFW COUNTY

Allis station; grade, center ol station. ..... ...

Asliley County line; root bench in oak SO feet east ol track, 3 telegraph poles 

above the county line

Bajou Bartholomew, Cox FORD, pipestone bench in jard ol Silver Mount 

Baptist Church

hiew lane with road

county bridge

Missionary Baptist Church (colored) 

Baxter; grade, center ol station ...

ome\\ bridge

Blissv ille; root bench in oak cast of track, 3 telegraph poles above Ashley 

County line

first curve' above milopost 464 

Co lllns; grade, center ol station ..... 

I>arrangli spur; top ol rail, center of platform.. ... .. ...

Hays n\viteli; grade, center ol station . .... 

Montleello; grade, center ol station. ... .

Tlllar; top ol rail, center ol station ..... - - ...

Wllinar; grade, center ol station .... 

Winchester; top ol rail, center of station ...

GRANT COUNTi

Darysavv Creek; sec 18, T 5S,H 11 W. ..... . . ......

L,ost Creek; sec 0, T 13 S , R 4 W ... . .

Slierldau, 2 miles north ol, sec 33, T 4S,R 13 \V , divide between Lost and Big 

creeks

K 12 W

Authority

USE. 

USE

St L , I M & S . . 

St L , I M &.S

USE 

St L,I M &.S. 

U S C & G S.

St L,I M &.S.. 

USE. . . . .

USE. .... 

USE".

USE. 

USE. 

St L , I M A S-. .

USE.

USE.. 

IT S E 

USE ... 

USE

USE 

IT S E

St L ,1 M & S 

Rt L , I M & S 

St L , I M &. S . 

St L , I M & S 

&t L , I M A S 

St L , 1 M & S 

St L , I M & S . 

City engineer 

St L ,1 M &S.. 

St L , I M & S 

U S C & G S 

St L , I M & S . 

St L,I M &S. .

P B & W... . . - . 

P B & Vf .. ... .. . 

P B &.W. . 

P B & W 

P B i \V

P B & W. . . 

P B & W 

P B & W . 

P B &W .

Cla^s

P 

P

R 

R 

R 

P 

R 

P

H 

P

E 

E 

E

E

R

E 

E 

E 

E 

P

P 

P

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

L 

H 

R 

P 

R 

R

R 

R 

R 

L 

L

R 

L 

R 

R

Elevation

Feet 

138 13S

140 60S

163 5 

165 

144 

144 522 

]fi2 5 

103 455

104 

126 547

132 21 

142 55 

133 33 

13S 15

141 

112 95 

114 2 

137 72 

133 85 

141 740

12b 547 

129 201

168 5 

154 5 

156 1 

154 5 

100 

273 

206 

305 

194 

154 5 

152' 722 

140 

157

241 

345 

198 

248 

298

228 

268 

198 

' 308
342 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

HEMPSTEAD COUNTY

Blaik Bois d'Aro Creek, ST L,I M & 8 ciiobsiNC,, top of rail, bridge 753

Big Terrc Bouge Creek, ST L , I M & S cKosbiN", top of rail, bridge 728

Bridge Creek, ST L , S F & N O rEossrar,, bank ... ...... 

___ ST L , T M & S BRiDtri,, top of rail . . - -

Cancy Creek; tnp of rail, budge 754 . .. 

 ] ottom land . ...

on east side of ac 4, T 13 S , R 23 \V 

Coler; grade, center of station ... ... 

Comptoii station $ nearsummit between Middle Fork of Ozan and Mine creeks, 

Iwl ween mileposts 22 and 23

 high water, 1892 .... - . --- ........ 

 top of lail center of station . .... 

___ pipe-stone bench in B F Dm is's wrd, Mount Prairie street . --

 1 mile cast of, top of rail . . ... 

Garl-indvllle, 1 mile south of iron post on county line near southeast corner 

of sec 9, T 11 S , R 23 W , 50 fret north of Piescott-Washington road

Guernsey; top nf rail at east cattle yard 

Hope, 5 miles north of, A & L bridge over Alien Branch . . ...

Brunch 

 3 5 miles north of, A AL bridge over Caiiey Greek

ner of Mum and Second streets 

JLawrenoe reolt; top of rail, bridge 731 . . . .

Little ffiri er, ST L , S F & N O CROSSING, bridge . . .....

McNj-bbs; grj.de, center of station . . . 

Nevada Countj line; iron post, east side of road, at southeast corner of sec 

33, T 13 S , K 23 W

10, T 10 S , R 23 W 

 See Genteivllle

O.«.iii Creek, Middle Fork ol, A i L BRIDGE. . . .. .

O?an Creek, South Fork ol, A A L BRIDGE 

Red River, BROOK'S PLANTATION, pipe-stone bent h 700 feet below plantation 

quarters 

 DOOLEY FERRY, high water, 1892. . . .

from river

 bed of river. . . .. ... . . _ _

Authority

St L,I M &S .. . 

St I, , I M AS.

St L , S F & N O

St L , S F <£. N O

St L , I M & S . . 

St L , I M & S

St L , S F & N 0 

St L , I M & S . 

St L , I M AS.

St L , I M & S .

St L , I M & S . . . 

St L,I M AS... . 

U S G S.. ......

L & A .. .. 

A AL .. .

USE.... .

USE. .... 

St L , I M & S . 

USE. .. . . 

USE ...

St L , I M & S

uses..

St T, , I M A S . 

A &L . . 

A &L

A &L. 

A &L.

St L , I M &. S .

U S G S ...

St L , I. M & S 

St L , I M &. S .

St L , S F A- N O

St L , S F & N 0

St L , S F & N O .

uses.. . 

uses . .

A &L . . . . . .

A &L . . .. . 

A & L. . .

A & L- - 

USE.

USE..

U Q T?

St L , I M A S . .

St L I M A S . . .

Class

R 

R

K

R

R 

R

R 

R 

R

R

R 

R

R 

R

E

E 

E

E 

E

R 

P

R 

R 

R

R 

R

H

P

R 

R

R

R 

P

R

R

E

E

R

Elevation

Frtt 

277 1 

260

277

272

2M j

287 

260 1

240

277 1 

2(A

318 

442

258 89 

270 5 

253 74

287 1 

327 4b8

292 4 

327

306 

29S

274 1 

265

274 

253

261

309 5 

332 156

377

3o9

ooq

337 

251 73

247 17

97fl *"i

221
ALTITUDES IN ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

343

Location

HEMPSTEAD couNTi continued

Sandy Bols d'Arc Creek, ST L , I M & S CROSSING, BRIDGE No 762, top 

of rail

Sneppard; top of rail, nest head block. .. ..... . . .' . . ... 

Spring Hill; southeast corner of frame around platform of scale at gin. . . .

Sprudel; top of rail at s\\ itch block. ... .... 

Turkey Creek, ST L , S F & N O CROSSING, bank . .

\Va«lii>ig£tou, 2 miles north of on A <S. L , R B , summit between Washington 

and Ozan, near milepost 11

 top of rail, center of station . . . . .....

Hope, near nnlepost 7 tot) of rail

"Water Creek, ST T . I M & S CROSSING, bottomland 

 ST L,S F &. N O CROSSING, bank . . .... 

bed. . . .....

HOT SPRINGS COUNT!

Clark County line; top of r,nl . . .. ... 

 ground . . . . ..... 

Donaldson; cross on top of iron rail near southeast corner of depot, . 

Malvern; iron post near front entrance to Hot Springs County court-house...

HOWARD COUNTY

Athens; iron post, 300 feet east of schoolhouse, at center of sec 15, T 5 S . E 28 \v

Baker Springs load, 9 miles north of Ceuterpomt, iron post at southeast 

corner Oi fence in front of E II Zolletts's

Ceiiterpolnt; iron post, 35 feet north of cottori gin and along picket fence, 24 feet 

south of southwest cornci of sec 25, T S S , R 28 W

of southwest quarter sec 22, T 8 S , R 27 W 

Muddy Fork; post-omce, iron post, 300 feet south of cotton gin and directly in 

front of new store 

Naslivllle; station . . . . ...

Nathan, 1 a miles northwest of, iron post, 10 feet north of rail fence, 300 feet south 

of John Cornish's house

Sprmgs-Locksburg and Centerpomt-Dallas roads

JEFFERSON COUNTY

Haul" ill station; top of rail at north head block . .. 

Clialmette station; top of rail, center of station 

Dexter; top of rail at switch block.. ... ..... . * 

Doyleston station . .... . ...... .... 

Duncaii station; top of rail at switch block . . 

1393 No 46 06 24

Authority

St L ,1 M &S ..

Q+- T T \f X Q

St L , I M & S 

St L , S F <S. N 0

St L , S F & N O 

St L , I M & S . . 

Veatch .... 

Veatcli

St L , I M & S 

St L , S F & N O 

A &L

A <S.L . . 

A & L .

A <$. L. .

St L , I il & S . 

St L , S F & N O 

St L , S F <$. N O .

St L , I M & S 

St L , I 11 & S . 

USE. . . 

U S G S .

IT S E...

U S G S. 

U S G S.

U S G S. .

U S G S.

A &L ... 

A &L .....

A & L ....

A &L . ...

U S G S.

St L S W.... ..

St L, I M & S .. 

St L , I 11 <$. S... 

St L, I M & S... 

P B & Vf . . 

St L, I M & S.....

Class

R

14

K 

L

L

R 

R 

R

R

R 

R

R 

R 

P 

P 

P

P

P

P 

P

P

P

R 

R

R

P 

P

R 

R 

R 

R 

R

Elevation

Pent 

264 1

253

243

970

279 1 

328 9 

34Q±

070

260 1 

2S6 

429

374 

374

1*70

251 

272 

°GO

199 5 

194 

228 444 

310 891 

311 154

300 919

270 739

958 W7 

6B9 140

590 237

502 939 

338

O(,O

047

333

502 406 

769 94

240 

207.'5 

279 

345 

325
344 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location ,

JEFFERSON COUNTY continued 

Fairfield; top of rail, center of station. . ..... . .....

GracP . . . .. .... .. . .... 

Jefferson; top of rail, center of station

Jefferson Spring, near, granite post ... ... 

Kearney station; top of rail at north head block. .. ....

Llnwootl; top of rail, center ol station. .. .. ....

Noble Lake; granite post, southeast corner of north extension of station platform

Pine Bin It"; top of rail, center of station .. .......

 granite post at 803 West Fourth avenue, corner of Oak street.... ..... 

Redneld; top of rail, center of station. . ... . .

Rob Hoy.. ... . .... . .

Samples station; top of rail, north head block . . . ...... 

Sanders; top of rail at switch Mock.... . . . .... 

Saline County line; top of rail. .. . ...... 

Slierrlll. . .... .... . . . .....

Toronto; top of rail, center of station . .... .... ... 

Tucker .... . ..... 

Wilktns. . . ... . ...

LAFAYETTE COUNTY ,

Baker; grade, center of station. . . .... 

Bodcaw Bayou, bed of, at L & A crossing

Bradley, 2 miles north of, root bench in white oak west of track, midway between 

mileposts 400 and 407

 1 mile south of, root bench in post oak east of track, 65 feet from sign ' station 1 mile "

telegraph poles north of milepost 411

 3 5 miles south of, root bench 111 post oak west ol track, 1,050 feet south of 

milepost 412

Caniield, 3 5 miles north of, root bench in red oak east of track, 1,050 feet south 

of milepost 319

north of milepost 401

Columbia County line . . . ....

'Frostvllle station; root bench in red oak east of track, 1C 5 telegraph poles 

north of milepost 405

Kress City; root bench in white oak east of track, 230 feet south of station platform

north of milepost 396

north of milepost 398 * 

Lewlsvllle; ground at old court house . ...

Authority

St L , I M & S 

St L S W... . . 

St L S W. . 

St L , I M & 8. .. 

U S C & G S. . . 

St L , I M & S 

St L , I M & S . 

St L, I M A. S.... 

U S C & G S

St L , 1 M & S.. . 

St L S W.. 

St L S W. . . . 

St L , I M & S.. 

U S C & G S 

U S C & G S . . 

St L , I M & S 

U S C & G S . 

St L S W . 

St L , I M & S . 

St L , I M & S . . 

St L , I M & S . . 

St L S W . . . 

St L , I M A. S . 

St L , I M & S. . 

St L S W 

St L S W .

L & A. . 

L A. A. .

USE.

USE. 

St L S \V. 

USE.

U S E.. 

U S E.. 

USE 

U, S E. .

USE.. 

St L. S W. 

L & A... . . 

USE.... .. . .

USE.. . 

USE... . . 

USE.. ... 

Veatch..... . .

Class

R 

R 

R 

R 

P 

R 

H 

R 

P

R 

K 

R 

R 

P 

P 

R 

P 

R 

R 

K 

R 

W 

R 

R 

R 

R

R

R 

P

P 

R

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

R 

K 

P

P 

P 

P

L

Elevation

Feet 

204 5 

225 

225 

J46 

340 028 

347 5 

186 

197 

202 353

215 

213 

228 

228 

234 124 

224 200 

290 

307 504 

208 

297 

228 

244 

218 

192 

192 

220 

208

268 

245 

249 146

252 409 

258 

252 228

252 994 

245 G84 

258 058 

200 924

258 032 

263 

273 

257 284

207 703 

252 084 

242 915 

355
ALTITUDES IN ARKANSAS.

Altitude,? in southern Arkansas Continued

345

Location

LAFAYETTE COUNTY continued

Louisiana- Arkansas line; 1 telegraph pole north of, root bench in red oak 

east of St L S W track

McKaiuie; grade, center of station . . ......

New JLeivisville, 1 6 miles cast of, root bench in pine north of track, 30 feet 

west of mllepost 388

 pipestone bench at east corner of cattle pen, 295 feet sotitwest of depot. . 

 station ... ....

 3 4 miles \vcst of, root bench in ash north of track, 12 telegraph poles west 

of mllepost 393

PralrlevlIIe station; grade, center of station . . .

Ked River, ANTHONY LAKE, 900 feet below north end of, pipestone bench halfway between lake and river

 ARMOUR PLANTATION, pipestone bench on front levee, 1,500 feet above gin

 JORDAN FERRY , pipestone bench on Ward place, 10 feet south of Terrell 

Bayou, 500 feet east of river

 JORDAN LANDING, 800 feet from, pipestone bench 500 feet south of Terrell 

Bayou at angle in le\ee

 same ... . . . . ....

 SMITH BEND PLANTATION, pipcstone bench at edge of woods 2,000 feet west 

of point where levee crosses neck

 SULPHUR RIVER, 1 mile above, 200 feet from river and 4W feet above small 

calnn

Spirit Lake. . . .... ... 

Stamps .. . .

 grade at St L S W crossings . .

 pipestone bench 105 feet from L & A depot, 125 feet north of St L S W 

mam track

post 380

LINCOI N COUNTY

Grady; top of rail, center of station 

Jefferson County line; top of rail . .... .

Varuer; top of rail, center of station 

 granite post in east corner of yard of R R Rice's residence . .....

LITTLE RIVER COUNTY

Alleene* Smiles north of, rail-end bench 25 feet south of second telegraph pole 

north of mllepost 453

 2 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 12 feet west of mllepost 453 5. . 

 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 10 feet northeast of milepost 454 

 1 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 20 feet south of mllepost 454 5 

 1 mile north of, rail-end bench 8 feet east of mllepost 455 

 0 5 mile north of, rail-end bench 8 feet north of mllepost 455 5

 1 5 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet north of mllepost 457 5

Arcleen; grade, center of station. 

Arklnda ; grade center of station 

Aslidown, 3 miles north of i ail-end bench 0 feet west of milcpost 465 o .

Authority

USE.. ... 

L & A .... . .. . .

U S E... . .

USE.. 

St L S W. 

USE..

L & A. . .. . . . .

U S E.... ....

U S E... . . . 

USE.......

USE..

USE.'. 

U B E.... . .

IT S E... . .. . .

St L S W..... ....

St L S W .... ..

L & A. .....

USE. . .

St L , I M & S . . 

St L , I M & S 

St L I M & S 

U S C & U S .

K C S .

K C S 

K C S 

K C S. . . . 

K C S. 

K C S. 

K C S 

K C S.. . . 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S . 

K U S... . . 

K C S .. 

K C S./ 

St L S F <S. N 0 . 

St L, S F & N 0 .. 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S

TT f S

Class

,? 

P

R 

P

P 

,R 

P

R 

E

E 

P

P

E 

E

E

R 

R 

R 

P

P

R

9 

R

P

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

H 

R 

P 

P 

P

Elevation

Feet 

244 107

281 

278 504

259 847 

271 

225 127

276 

200 79

221 25 

215 528

215 832

216 17 

210 50

209 94

231 

200 

258 

207 195

255 394

186 

180 

180 . 

179 004

12i 55

346 62 

345 23 

321 22 

311 49 

311 72 

320 75 

311 78 

294 69 

293 91 

dOO 81 

314 23 

293 19 

315 89 

349 5 

446 1 

326.93 

328 40 

329 04
346 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkan&as Continued

Locution

LITTLE RIVER ( (JUNTA continued i

Aslidowii, 0 5 mile north of, i ail-end bench 7 feet east of milepost 467 5 

 station, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milepost 4f)8 . .

 0 3 mile bouth of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milepost 468 S. . 

 1 mile south of, rail-end bench 7 feet \vest of mllepost 460 . . .

Foreman; grade, centei of station ... 

Hudson, 1 mile noith of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milLpost 470 --

 station, i ail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 471

mllepost 471 5

 1 3 miles south of, rail-end bench 6 feet west of milepost 472 o_ 

 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of mllepost 473. . .

Little Kiver; rail-end bench 15 feet southeast of first telegraph pole south 

of mllepost 443 5

 rail-end bench 30 feet south of milepost 444 .

 ST L , S F & N O CROSSING, bridge . .

hii^li witci I'W

Long; grade center of station ... 

Morris Ferry, 0 6 mile noi tli of, rail-end Bench 30 feet south of milepobt 444

 0 1 mile north of, rail-end bench 25 feet north of first pole noi ( h of milepost 

444 5

 0 4 mile south of, i ail-end bench 10 feet south of milepost 445 

 0 9 mile south of, i ail-end bench 10 feet southwest of mllepost 445 j

Ogdcii, 2 3 miles noith of nul-end bench k feet west of second telegraph pole 

south of milcpost 473 5

 1 8 miles noith of, i ail-end bench 8 feet west of mllepost 474

 02 mile south of, rail-end bench 5 feet south of mllepost 476-

Orton; grade, centei of fetation 

ICaiikin, 0 2 mile north of, rail-end tench 6 feet west of milepost 464 5

 0 3 mile south of, rail-end bench 8 feet northwest of seeond telegraph pole 

north of niilepost 4(iT

Red Jtiver K c s BRIDGE, bench mark on southeast paraoet wall, south 

abutment of budge B 478

 bed ot nvei - ....

 "bench mark on noitheast coinei of parapet \vall, north abutment of 

budge B 478

AVllloii, 2 0 miles north of lail-end bench 10 feet north of milepost 460 . . 

 2 4 miles noi tli of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 4bO 5 ...

of mllepost 462

of mllepost 462 0 

 0 1 mile south of, rall-end bench 60 feet north of milepost 4f>3

Authority

K C S. 

K r S 

St L , S F & N O 

K r R 

K C S .. ..

K r s

St L S F i N O

Iv O fi

K C S 

K C S 

K C S

K C S 

K C S 

K C S

K C S

1C C S. 

St L S F & N O 

St L , S F & N O . 

St L , S F & N O 

St L S F & N O 

St L , S F i N O 

K 0 S . . 

K C S

K C S . 

K C S. 

K 0 S .

K C S 

K C S 

K C S. 

K 0 S . 

K C S 

K 0 S 

K C S 

St L , S F & N 0 

K C S 

K C S

K C S.. . .

K C S 

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S . . .

K C S 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S . . . 

K C S.. . ..

K

/1 Q

K C S .... . .

Class

F 

F 

K 

P 

F 

P 

K

r

F 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

11 

R 

K 

R 

K 

P 

P

P 

F 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

11 

P 

P

P

R 

K 

F 

P

P 

P 

F 

P 

P

P 

F

Elevation

Feet 

J24 47 

328 65 

327 5 

329 20 

328 34 

326 68 

402 3 

322 15 

321 61 

317 13 

314 71

312 75 

317 21 

311) 69 

302 57

301 55 

267 7 

274 

253 

261 

313 S 

301 35 

308 43

320 39 

S26 38 

311 02

314 51 

311 61 

316 11 

309 00 

27U 86 

273 24 

273 36 

292 5 

323 74 

312 08

2 '2 715

274 00 

241 00 

273 36 

292 774

312 23 

217 96 

302 11 

309 12 

298 74

305 87 

317 70
ALTITUDES IN ARKANSAS.

Altitudes ^n southern Arkansas Continued

347

Location

LITTLE RIVFR COUNTS continued

Wilton, 0 6 mile south of, rail-end bench 7 feet north of milepost 4M j 

 1 1 miles south of, rail-end bench 12 feet south of milepost 464 

White Dlinv. See Little River 

Wiutlirop, 3 25 miles north of, rail-end bench 8 feet northeast of milepost 440

 2 2.5 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet noitheast of milepost 447

 1 25 miles north of, rail-end bench 8 feet north of milepost 44S. .

- 025 mile north of, rail-end bench 20 feet north of second telegraph pole north 

of milepost 449

 0 75 mile south of, rail-end bcncli 7 feet north of milepost 450

 2 75 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet southwest of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 452

 3 25 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet south of milepost 452 5.

MILLEU COUNTY

Cameroii Mills. .. ...... 

Clipper «*wltcli; top of rail at switch block . . . .... 

 ground... . . . . . 

tJarlaiid ....... . . . .

 zero USE gage .....

80 feet west of mam track

 pipestone bench at section house of St L S W R R 

Wenoa .. . . ... 

Homan, 3 miles east of, top of rail at milepost 474 .

 top of rail, center of station. ...

 1 mile west of, top of rail at milepost 478 . . . ' . 

 1 mile west of, ground at imlppost 478 

 3 miles west of, top of rail at milepost 480. . .

niandeville, 1 mile east ot, bed of McKmncy Bayou...

Kavdiia, 1 4 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 511 

 0 9 mile north 01 rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 511 5.

milepost 512

imlppost 514 .

south of milepost 514 5

milepost olo 5.

Authority

K C S 

K C S .. . -

K C S 

K C S.... 

1C C S ... . .. .. 

K C S . . 

K C S. 

K C S 

K C S . .

K C S. . 

K C S .. . . 

K C R 

K C S ... . 

K C S. 

K C S

St L S W... . ... . 

St L , I M & S. . . 

St L , I M & S 

St L S W. . . 

USE. . . . 

USB.. 

USE

U S E... 

USE. 

St L S W .... ..

St L , I M iS 

St L , I M & S 

St L ,T M &S.. 

St L , I M & S. 

St L , I M & S 

St L , I M & S 

SI, L , I M & S 

St L , I M & S 

St L ,1 M & S.. 

St L , I M & S. 

K C S.. . 

K C S .. . . . 

K C S ..

K C S .. . . 

K C S .. . . 

K C S . . 

K C S .. .

K C S. ..

K C S . .. 

K C S. ... ........

Class

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P

R 

R 

R 

R

E 

E 

P

P 

E 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

K 

R 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P

P 

P

Elevation

Feet 

31(j 52 

318 90

319 69 

324 38 

322 04 

312 53 

J1S 25 

310 84 

318 90

324 07 

J18 04 

333 03 

J27 87 

308 93 

300 11

290 99

390 

'264 5 

25d 

233 

203 16 

231 64 

231 397

230 609 

230 80 

3C6 

264 1 

253 

2t>8 b 

266 

205 9 

250 

260 f> 

258 

26 i 

JUS 5 

258 31 

233 04 

228 72

248 54 

231 0,5 

214 05 

216 67

236 16

226 57 

205 28
348 GEOLOGY AND UNDEKGKOUND WATEB OF LOUISIANA AND AKKANSAS.

Altttudex in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

MILLER COUNTY continued

lied Ktver, ARKANSAS-LOUISIANA STATE LINF, 500 Jeet above pipestone bench, 

30 Jeet from bluff and 75 feet from bank of bayou

 BLANKSTOWN BLUFib, pipestone bench at foot of, 500 feet north of Askansas-Louisiana State line

 TiooKER PLANTATION, pipestone bench 1,000 feet above landing at bend of 

levee

Lake, 28 fret north of slough

feet from nvor on back levee 

 COLLINS BLUFF, pipestono bench at store. . ....

of le\ ee 

 DIGGS BLUFF, pipestone bench 35 feet southeast of old warehouse . . .

 DOOLHI FEKKY, high water, 1892 .. . ......

of bridge B 478

from mcr 

 MUKPHY pi ANTATION, lower end of, pipestone bench in corner of garden .

on levee

 SIMS LANDING, 3 fiOO feet below, pipestone, bench 2,000 feet above Eed Lake 

and 400 feet from river

 ST L I M &S BRIDGF, pipestone bench at \v est end of , 10 feet frombndge 

seat

second levee 

Xexarlcaiid, 8 miles north of, rail-end bench 25 feet cast of milepost 478 5 .

 0 5 miles north of, rail-pii'l bench 10 feet south of milepost 480 . . ...

 5 o miles north of, rail-end bench 6 feet east of milepost 481 .. ...

 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 10 feet eust of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 481 5 

 4 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 7 feet ea&t of fourth telegraph pole south of 

milepost 482

 3 5 nules north of bench mark on northeast corner, east cover, stone culvert

 3 miles noith of, on northeast corner parapet wall, south abutment, bridge 

A484

crossing

Authority.

USE. 

USE ... 

USE. 

USE.

USE..

U S E.... 

USE.. . . 

U S. E..

USE. 

USE. 

USE. 

K C S .

USE

U S E.. 

USE.

USE. 

USE.

USE 

USE.. 

USE.

St L ,1 M &S .. 

St L ,1 M tS.8.. .

USE

K C S 

K C S 

K C S.. 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S. 

K C S. .

K C S

K C S 

K C S 

K C S

K C S

K r s

K C S 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S .. 

K C S

K C S 

-K r. o

Class

E 

E 

E 

E 

E

E 

E 

E

E 

E 

E 

P

E

E 

E

E 

E

E 

E 

E

It 

R

E

P

r 

p 

p 

p 

r 

p

p

p 

p 

p

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p

p

Elevation

Feet 

212 04

212 04 

219 22 

214 92 

221 25

228 18 

217 65 

224 77

209 51 

207 64 

247 17 

292 715

241 40

213 75 

232 39

22<) 85 

23M 33 '

21758 

209 51 

2B5 19

270 

221 

234 97

274 35 

271 04 

271 26 

272 70 

272 il 

273 29 

273 38

301 90

309 23 

323 28 

330 45

354 87 

332 04 

329 27 

300 53 

299 23 

291 57 

278 47

277 56
ALTITUDES IN ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

349

Location

MILLEB COUNTY continued

Texarkana, bench mark on brick, southeast corner Cotton Belt building, on 

passenger depot spur

 1 mile oast of, top of rail, Nix Creek bridge ... ... 

 4 5 miles east o|( top of rail at milepost 48G

post 489

rmlepoht 489 5

 2 5 miles south of, rail-end bench 9 feet east of milepost 490 5 . ....

 3 5 miles south of rail-end beach 8 feet east of milepost 491 5 . 

 4 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet southeast of milepost 492. ....

 5 miles south of , rail-end bench 7 feet north of miiepost 493 .....

NEVADA COUNTY

fCennett Crossroads; iron post at southeast corner of sec 10, T 13 S , B 22 W..

Blufl'Clty, 1 75 miles southwest of, south line see 10, T 12 S , E 20 W , iron post 

70 feet west of road and 60 feet north of Spring Branch

Bodraw, 3 miles southeast of, iron post on north side of road, 600 feet south of 

northeast corner of sec 16, T 14 S , R 22 W

Boiigliton; iron post WO feet north of trackmE De Laughter's yard . .

Caney, 0 12 mile -nest of, quarter corner east side of sec 21, T 13S,E 20 W, iron 

post 80 feet north of road

Centerville; iron post north side of Hope-Camden road near half-mile corner on 

east side of sec 4, T 13 8 , E 23 W

Emiiiett; iron post 130 feet west of center of station, 25 feet north of main line 

St L , I M & S

 top of rail, renter of station . . . .

Henipslead County line; iron post east side of road at southeast corner of 

sec 33, T 13 S , E 23 W

T 10 S , E 23 ^

Latlkesl>lirg,0 5 mile north of , iron postatsouthcastcornerof see 9 T 12S ,E 22W 

Little Missouri River, ST L,I 11 &S BRIDGE, to'pofrail.. ...

Little Terre Rouge Creete, ST L , I M & S CROSSING, top of rail, Bridge 

No 719

Morris, 0 25 mile north of, iron post at southwest corner of Cancy Church cemetery, 

northwest quarter of sec 26, T 12 S , E 21 W

Pre&cott, 45 miles north of , iron post at northeast corner of sec 20, T 10 S E 

22 W

northeast corner of sec 17. T 11 S , E 21 W 

 copper tablet of north meridian monument in court-house yard

Prescott-Blufl* City road; 4 miles north of Bluff City, iron post on north 

side of road, on line between sees 21 and 22, 0 25 mile south of north corner T 

11 S , E 20 W

Register, 2miles southeast of, iron post on county hneeastof road, southwest 

corner sec 34, T. 13 8 , E 23 W

Authority

K C S...... ..... .

St L S W..

St L , I M & 8. . 

St L . I M & S . 

St L , I M & S 

K C S. . .

K C S. . .

K C S .... . . . 

K C S . . .. 

K C S.. . .. 

K C S . 

K C S. ... . 

K C S. . 

K C S.

U 8 0 S . .

U S G S..

U S G S. ....

U S 0 S . . . 

St L , I M & S . 

U 8 G S...

U S G S 

U S G S .. . .

St L , I M & S 

U S G S.

U S G S. ..

U S G S 

St L , I M &. S 

St L , I M d. S 

St L I M & S 

St L , I M & S

St L , I M & S 

U S G S .

U S G S .

U S G S...

U S G S 

U S G S. .. 

St L , 1 M & S . . 

U S G S. .. . .

U S G S ... .

Class

P

E 

E 

E 

E 

P

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P

P 

E 

P

P 

P

E 

P

r 

P

E 

E 

K 

E

E 

P

P

P

P 

P 

E 

P

P

Elevation

Feet 

304 39

285 

299 1 

2SJ8 

350 

261 57

267 28

270 67 

279 71 

283 57 

277 42 

272 95 

282 90 

282 22

372 693 

284 281

371 770

234 414 

236 1 

324 807

338 563 

293 695

297 1 

332 156

346 295

284 407 

210 9 

198 

172 

249 1

240 

264 948

376 770

333 814

319 057 

316 468 

326 2 

174 286

,332 156
350 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

NEVADA COUNTY continued

HosMowll, southwest of crossroads to, iron post south of center of sec 21, T 13

S , E. 21 W

WHHsvIlle, 2 miles east &f, iron post at junction of Rosstown-Oollege Hill and 

Camden-Texarkana roads, southeast corner of sec 16, T 14 S , E 21 W

"Woocllawn, 1 mile southwest of, iron post north side of road, east side of creek, 

500 foot vest of southeast corner sec 14, T 14 S , E 20 W

OUACHITA COUNTY

Ru rltalll, 2 miles northeast of, iron post 150 feet east of road, 300 feet northeast 

of house of J B Benton, at half-mile corner on south line of sec 26, T 11S,E 19 W

Beardeii .. . ... .......

sec 35. T 11 S , E 15 W

Buena Vista; iron post 75 feet south of main track m front of Mrs Martha Sifford's house

Caiudeii; station . . . ............

 same . . ........... .....

 cross on second step at west entrance of court-house. . . ....

yard

31, T 13 S , E 18 W 

riil<le«iter . . ........

 pipe-flange bench in yard of Doctor Tidwell . ....... 

Do wllng . . . .... . 

Kagle Mills . ..... 

Elllott, pipe-flange tench at southwest corner of north store building 

Evans .. . . .v .

Plnim station . .

 iron post 45 feet west of tmck, 140 feet north of railroad crossing

Jones & im«iby mill, ST L S W R E , 0 25 mile north of, root bench in 

sweet gum 100 feet south of vacant cabin

Kein |>. 2 miles north of, iron post 40 feet west of Mrs Justice's barn lot and 35 feet 

west of quarter corner between sees 22 and 23, T 11S,E 17 W

west corner of sec 28, T 11 S R 16 W 

tester, 650 feet east of station, pipe-flange lieneh 50 feet south of track

of Iron Mountain track

MSerty, 2 5 miles southwest of, iron post north side of road, 300 feet east of White 

Oak Creek, sec 7, T 13 S , E 19 W 

Mlley ........

Iinlra, 3 miles west of, iron post 30 feet north of Camdcn-Teitflrkana road on property of H. L Lusby, northeast quarter of southeast quarter of sec 10, T 14 S , E

OToro Spur; root bench in red oak 65 feet east of track, 0 5 mile north of water 

tank. '

Authority

U S G S.... . ... 

U S G S ...

U S. G S . . . . 

. 

U S G S...

St L S W. . 

U S G S.. . .

U S G S ... ..

USE 

USE.... 

St L S W 

St L ,1 M &S... 

USE.... 

USE.. ... 

UQ y

U S G S ..... 

USE.. . . 

St L S W .. . . 

USE.... 

USE.. ...

U S G S ... .

St L , I M & S . . 

U S G S ... . . 

USE . 

St L , I M & S . 

St L S W.. 

USE.. 

St L S W.. .... 

St L S W . .. ... 

U S G S . . 

USE. 

U S E...

uses...

U S G S ... 

USE.

uses. . .

U S G S . . ..' 

St L S W .. . ...

U S G S ... . .. 

U S E... .....

Class

P 

P 

P

P

E 

P

P

P 

P 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

P 

P 

E 

P 

P

P

E 

P 

P 

R 

E 

P 

E 

R 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

R

P 

P

Elevation

Fed 

378 707

362 068 

255 175

207 391

227 

229 917

287 784

287 610 

282 201 

120

155 

71 09

117 09 

73 42 

199 027 

133 503 

131 37 

100 313 

138 514

137 283

232 

230 838 

230 J62 

135 

139 

254 t>36 

202 

137 

144 054 

142 368 

277 158

143 3«7 

144 023

113 762 

120 208

218 682 

126

263 5b6 

186.717
ALTITUDES IN AKKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

351

Location

OUACHITA COUNTS continued

Ogamaw, 1 5 miles east of, root 1 ouch in white oak 65 feet north of track, 1,900 

feet below milepost 352, 6 telegraph poles north of wagon-road crossing

of trestle 853

Oiialaska; iron post 600 feet southwest of station, 8 feet southwest of milepost 329

Onacblta Miver, BEECH HILL, pipe-stone bench at foot of hill, 328 feet northwest o£ shanty on top

dwelling

river

30 feet from old raili oad track

Smackover Creek, ST L S W CKOSMNG, root bench in holly 50 feet from 

left bank, 65 feet south of track 

Stcpliens, .... . .....

Two Bayou, ST L S W CROSSING, root bench in sweet gum 40 feet cast of 

track, 200 feet south of south end of trestle

"Vandnzer, 2 5 miles southwest of, railroad spike in milepost 334

building in southwest part of sec 13, 0 125 mile noi th of line, T 12 S , R 17 W

"W j loe; iron post 800 feet south of Mrs Alien's house and 800 feet south of intersection of Cbidester-Wjloe dirt road with Arkansas Mill Co 's tram, T 11 S , B 

18 W

TIKE COUNTY

Antoiue, 3 miles south of, iron post at west side of military road, in sec 33, T 

8 S , B 23 W

Antolnc Creek, A S W BRIDGE, ted.

Daisy; bron/e tablet in liigp bowlder 30 feet southeast of Dr Phillips's store ... 

Deliglit. ...

.Kirl>y, center of town, aluminum tablet in brown sandstone rock opposite postolhce, northeast corner of cross streets

Laugley* 0 .5 mile east of, non post at southwest corner of crossroads running 

through Fancy Hill and Star of the West

Lassie, 2 miles sputheast of, iron post at crossroads by log house, 0 25 mile south 

of log railway

Lodi, Smiles west of, iron post in corner of field on mam road, at sign "Freewill 

Church 1 5 miles," and on section line 0 25 mile south of section corner

Murfreesboro, 6 miles west of, iron post 90 feet north of old militaiyroad sec 

21, T 8 S , B 2b W

Pike City; non post at northwest corner of platform of Frank Pennington's 

genei al store

Rock Creek, 1,000 feet west of post-office, bronze tablet in huge brown sandstone bowlder at edge of creek

"Wilson, m front yard of post-olhce, aluminum tablet in blue-gray siliceous sandstone

S., R, 24 W.

Authority

USE 

USE

U S G S ..... 

USE

USE ... 

USE

USE

USE 

USE.... 

USE.. ... . .

USE. . 

USE ... 

USE. ....

St L S W . .. . 

USE 

USE. 

USE ...

U S G S. ..... .

U S G S . 

U S G S

U S <J S . ..

A S W . 

A S W 

U S G S . . 

A S W . . . 

U S G S . .

USGS ....

A S W . . 

USGS

U B G S ..... 

USGS..... ..

USGS. ..... . 

USGS. ......

A S \V ....

USGS ........ ...

USGS .... .. . 

ASW.. . . ...

Class

P 

P

P 

P

E 

P

P

E 

P

E

E 

P 

P

B 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P

P

E 

B 

P 

R 

P

P

R 

P

P 

P

P 

P

E 

P

P

P 

R

Elevation

Feet 

232 504

18R 037

129 S85 

92 951

94 78 

122 990

113 999

104 88 

99 386 

102 20

115 05 

90 271 

182 519

221 

233 632 

235 660 

108 787

110 41 

118 813

223 858

324 980

228 

265 

628 544 

351 

665 693

787 101

414 

540 070

869 420 

654 197

366 376 

658 815

665 

535 418

803 87

515 039 

'459
352 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBaROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

1

SALINE COUNT!

Bis Lalte station; top of lail, center of station. 

Ferrel] station; top of rail, centei of station 

Hciisloy; top of rail, center of station. ... 

Jefferson County line; top of rail. . ..... 

Pula«kl County line; top of rail . . .

Saline Hi ver; cross on top of stone pedestal at north end of west abutment o£ 

St L ,1 M & S budge

Trasliwood; top of iron rail at northeast corner of lot m front of G U Wmtei 's 

hotel

Woodson; top of i ail, center of station .. . . .

SEVIEK COUNTl

Ben Lomond, town well . . ........ 

Brownstovvii ... . . . ......

Ilii rliil^allic; lail-end bench 10 feet north of first telegraph pole south of milepost 438 J>

De QIIUCII, 2 8 miles north of , rail-end bench 30 feet north of milepost 430 5. 

 2 3 mile*, north of, rail-end bench 20 feet northwest of milepost 431.

of milepo&t 431 5

milepost 432 

 0 8 mile north of, rail-end bench 10 feet northwest of milepost 432 5

 - 0 3 mile north o£, rail-end bench S feet west of first telegraph pole south of 

milepost 433

 2 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet nest of milepost 435 5 .

 3 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 12 feet northeast of milepost 430 5

Glllliaui, 2 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 20 feet south of milepost 419 

 1 7 miles north of, rail-end bench 12 feet south of milepost 419 5

 U 7 mile north of, rail-end bench 7 feet northeast of third telegraph pole north 

of milepost 420 5

milepost 421 

 northwest corner of north pedestal of east pair, watei tank . 

 0 3 mile south of, rail-end bench 8 feet south of milepost 421 5

of milepost 422

milepost 423

milepofat 424

Horatio, 3 1 miles north of, rail-end bench 10 feet north of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 437 5

milepost 4-18

milepost 438 5

Authority

St L ,1 M AS. 

U S G S. 

USE. . 

St L , I M & 3 

St L,,I M i 8 .. 

St L ,1 M & S.. . 

St L,I M AS. 

St L , I M & S . . . 

USE

USE. . 

St L,I M AS ...

Veatoh... 

Veatch 

K C S .

K C S . 

K C S. 

K C S

K C S .

K C S . ... 

K C S.

K C S 

K C S. ... 

K 0 S 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S 

K 0 S 

K C S . .. 

K C S . 

K C S. . 

K C S. 

K C S ... .

K C S . ..

K C S 

K C S. .. . 

K C S .

K C S. .. . 

K C S

K C S....... . 

K C S....

K C S . . 

K C S ... . . 

K C S.... . .. ..

Class

R 

P 

P 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

P 

R

\ 

A 

P

P

r 

p

p

p 

r

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p

p

p 

p 

p

p 

p

p 

r

p 

p 

p

Elevation

Feet 

2S) 

298 420 

2SIS 411 

250 

253 

253 5 

244 

251 5 

282 373

291 952 

249

475 

400 ± 

450 03

451 67 

425 58 

421 07

39S 00

301 07 

377 87

379 65 

353 2fi 

355 42 

357 26 

36b 20 

397 09 

434 (52 

408 02 

810 59 

815 10 

800 09 

790 32

750 73

747 014 

74 j 43 

73091

732 39 

711 17

097 80 

670 87

498 71 

4S4 10 

450 03
ALTITUDES IK AEKANSAS. 

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

353

Location

SEMEK COUNTY continued

Horatio, 1 6 miles north of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milepost 439

 1 1 miles north of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of mill-post 439 5. .

 0 G mile north of , rail-end bench 5 feet south of milepost 440 ...

 0 1 mile north of, rail-end bench 5 feet south of milepost 440 5 

 0 4 mile south of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milepost 441

 0 9 mile south of, rail-end bench 20 feet boutll of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 441 5

 1 4 miles south of, rail-end bench 8 feet northeast of milepost 442 ...

 1 9 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet northeast of milepost 442 5

 2 4 miles south of, rail-end bench 6 feet northeast of milepost 443 - -

 2 9 miles south of, mil-end bench 15 feet southeast of first telegraph pole south 

of milepost 443 5

Neal Springs; rail-end bench 8 feet northeast of milepost 442

Pullman, 2 8 miles north of, rail-end bench 20 feet south of milopost 424 5

 2 3 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet south of milepost 425. .

 1 8 miles north of, rail-end bench 45 feet south of milenost 425 5

 1 3 miles north of, rail-end bench 12 feet north of second telegraph pole north 

of milepost 426

 0 8 mile north of, rail-end bench 90 feet south of milepost 4_'b 5.

 0 3 mile north of, rail-end bench 20 feet north of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 427

 0 2 mile south of, rail-end bench 95 feet south of milepost 427 5 . 

 0 7 mile south of, rail-end bench 35 feet north of milepost 428. _.

 1 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 15 feet south of milepost 428 5

 1 7 miles south of, rail-end bench 25 feet south of milepost 429

 2 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 429 5 

 2 7 miles south 01, rail-end bench 12 feet east of milepost 430 .

UNION COUNTY

Cargile. ...

Chaiiipaajiiolle. See Ouachita River, Champagnolle

Eldorado"

Jolmsoii Spring, 2,50 feet abov e root bench in persimmon 13 feet north of ravine, 

500 feet south of Langford's house f

Junction City

Oimclilta Ki^er, ARKANSAS-LOUISIANA LINE, pipe-flange bench 292 feet from 

right bank of rnerand 2,000 feet below small cabin on left bunk

 BAYOU LA PILE, 1 mile.ibove, pipestone bench in woods 250 feet west of river

 CANEY MARIE LANDING pipestone bcneli 115 feet from right bonk and 65 feet 

west of simill drain

 CAREV v ILLE pipestone bcneli on lane 525 feet southeast of ) iv er and 402 feet 

south of waiehouse

 CHAMrA'jNoLLF, zero of gage . .

- high water, 1882.

 pipestone bench WO feet from river in fork of valley near store

 3 5 miles below , pipestone bench south side of Bell's field, 1,500 feet from ru er

 ELDORADO LANDING, pipestone bench in yard of R T Goodwm

 EUTAW SHOALS, 1 800 feet below, pipcstontj oeneh in woods 200 feet west of 

nvei, on slough

 FLETCIIHIS LANDING, high water, 1804

 1,600 feet below, pipestone bench in edge of woods on east side of field 130 feet 

south of river

 I'"R ANKLIN BAYOU, root bench 2,000 leet abov e mouth, 30 feet from river.

 800 feet northwest of mouth of, pipestone bench 400 feet southwest of river

 GRAND MARY LANDING, 050 feet above, root bench in white oak 300 feet from 

river

Authority

K C S ...

K C S

K C S 

K C S . . . . . 

K r S

K C S.

K C S .. .

K C S

K C S 

K C S

K C S

K C S

K C S . .

K C S

K C S. .

TT fi n

K C S

K C S 

K C S 

K C S.... 

K C S 

K C S.... 

K T S

A S .

A S

USE

AS.

USE

USE.

USE.

USE

USE

USE.

USE

USE

USE

USE

USE

USE

USE. 

USE

U S h

Class

P

P

P 

P 

P

P

* P

P

P 

P

P

P

P

P

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

R

R

P

R

E

P

E

P

E

E

P

P

P

P

E

P

P 

P

P

Elevation

Feet

418 30

390 16

368 61 

341 21 

322 78

309 29

304 72

303 25

304 08 

302 57

304 74

6,32 70

627 18

613 22

M>8 75

575 33 

546 20

544 52 

575 45 

5fi6 35 

531 84 

499 71 

403 66

218

260

108 777

164

64 50

61 358

OS 73

81 685

 17 98

97 24

97 389

SO 838"

87 918

72 344

89 30

84 299

80 402 

74 209

65 790

a From profile in olfice of Arkansas Southern Railway Company, which starts at Cam Jen witli an elevation of 141 feet
354 GEOLOGY AND UNDEEGEOUND WATEE OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued.

Location.

UNION COUNTY continued.

old road 300 feet south of river.

and 250 feet southwest of Ouacbita River.

 south of road. *

warehouse.

creek.

 : WILMINGTON; high water, 1882.. .............................................

TT

II

n

u.

u.

n

R

R

t?

S

Authority.

E...... ...'.....

Class.

P

P

P

P

E

Elevation.

Feet.

CO QU1

64. 246

81.168

86. 477

94.45

ALTITUDES IN NORTHERN LOUISIANA.

AVOYELLES PARISH.

Atchafalaya River, WATER VALLEY LANDING; pipestone bench on Tom 

Carruth's plantation.

Bayou des filalses, LEMOINES FERRY, 1 mile above; root bench in locust 

115 feet from Tony Lien's dwelling.

 MOREAUVILI.E, Rabelais plantation; copper bolt in chimney of cabin 100 

feet from bayou.

mile southeast of Hamburg, 200 feet from bayou.

of Harlands Bayou. 

Bayou Clioetiiw, L. R. & N. BRIDGE; sec. 8, T. 1 N., R. 3 E., top of stringer...

Bordeloii villc; grade, center of station .......................................... 

Bimkle; grade, center of station. .......... ..... ..... .. .. .... ....

. Cocovllle; root bench in black locust 1£6 feet southeast of Avnes Collar's residence.

Cypress Bayou, southeast bank of; root bench in pecan 165 feet northeast 

of Mansura-Moreauville road. 

Eggbend post-office; root bench in locust at foot of levee opposite store.. ...

 grade at summit. ...................... ... . -.---........ ....

Ham Diu-K, 0.3 mile southeast of: on Pavcy's plantation, copper bolt in chimney 

of cabin of Bazil Francois 200 feet from Bayou des Glaises.

llessnier; grade, center of station ................................................

jnansura; copper bolt in northwest pier of gallery of David Siess's store. ........

 T. & P. crossing. . ..................

JMarksvtlle; north end, root bench inchinaberry'in front of Dr. Mix's residence..

Marksvllle-Barolii Landing road; Size's gin, 800 feet north of; root 

bench in pin oak.

berry.

Moreauvllle, Rabelais plantation; copper bolt in chimney of cabin 100 feet 

south of Bayou des Glaises.

Red Fisli post-office, 1 mile below; root bench in sycamore 165 feet north of 

cabin occupied by Philip Bankes on William Perkins's place.

Red River, EARBIN LANDING; pipe-flange hench in corner of yard at residence, 130 feet southwest of warehouse. 

 root bench in cottonwood 165 feet from river, 65 feet west of warehouse.

U.S.E. ..............

U. S. E. ..............

U.S. E. .............

L. R. & N..... .......

L. R. & N. ...........

L. H. &N. ..........

L. R. & N. ........... 

T.& P...............

U. S. E ...............

U. S. E............... 

L. R. & N. ...........

L. R. & N. ...........

U. S. E...............

L. R. & N............ 

U. S. E. .............. 

U.S. E. .............. 

L.R. & N. ...........

L. R. & N. ........... 

U.S. E. ..............

U. S. E...... . ... .

U. S. E............... 

U. S. E. ....... ... .

U. S. E. ...... ... .

U. S. E. ..

U. S. E...............

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

P

P 

R 

R 

P

R 

P 

P 

R 

R 

P 

P

P

P

P

P 

P 

P

Feet. 

42. 712

53.959

56. 558 

01.255

55. 695 

50. 515

63.4 

51 

36 

50.4 

65.7 

72. 541

50. 670

63. 156 

83 

71 

55. 095

78.2 

76. 422 

79. 886 

78.3 

83.4 

81.572 

77.711

81. 780

 79. 324 

61.255

49. 050 

57.980 

56. 992
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

355

Location

AVOYELLLS p\Ri^ii continued

Red Kiver, BAYOU L'EAU NOIR, 60 fpet south of, nail in side of pecan south of 

road, 650 feet east of road crossing from Saline Point

 BETTEVY'S STORE, 100 feet below, root hench on cottonwooci 30 feet from river

 BROUILLLTTE PI ACE, upper end of, root bench on sycamore 500 feet hclow 

last cabin on Bettevy's place, 80 feet from river

 CHOCTAW BAYOU, root hench in willow on left bank of bayou

 root bench in cottomvood 265 feet below baj on, SO feet from right bank 

of river

 DAVID FERR\, copper bolt in chimne}' at southwest end of Laborde's house

 Ear, BEND LANDING, root bench in locust at foot of levee opposite store .

 JUNCAN Pur E, 250 feet below residence, root bench in cottonwood 6,5 feet 

from right bank of river

 LADOKDE LANDING, 800 feet below, root bench in elm opposite large twostory frame house on left bank

 MURRAY LANDING, Monlard's place,/ root bench on leaning willow 65 feet 

from bank of Red Iliver, 300 feet above house on Old Raccoun place

 NORMANDS LANDING, 0 4 mile above, root beneh in sveamore 30 feet from river

 330 feet above Keynaiid's place, root bench in cottonwood 165 feet 

from river

 RE5 NAND'S PLACE, copper bolt in chimney of residence .

 S \LINE BAYOU, mouth of, high water, 1892

 SALINE POINT, 3,250 feet south of, pipe-flange bench in \fird at residence of 

John White

Simmesport, 1 5 miles west of, copper bolt in chimnev of cabin on Atchafalaya 

road, right bank of Bayou des Olaises, about 575 feet east of Ilurlamls 

Bayou

 pipestone bench in J Trudeau's yard, south of Norwood's store . . .

Vorhee*; grade, center of station

RIliNVILLh PARIbll

Alberta; grade, center of station

Arcadia, 2 miles east of, root bench in pine north of track, 325 feet east of milepost 117

 root bench in white oak north of track, 325 feet west of nulepost 119

 pipestone bench in yard of most easterlv of four section houses

 top of rail, center of station

 2 miles west of, root bench 120 feet north of bridge, 325 feet east of milt-post 121

Blark Lake Bayou; L A A BRIDGE, top of stringer

 high water.. '.. ' 

 bed of bayou ...

Camp Long; southeast corner sec 3, T 15 N , H 9 \V

Castor; grade, center of station

Castor Bayou, L & A CROSSING, bed of bayou . .

Dai'I* station; top of rail, center of platform . . ....

Frejburg; grade, center of station.

Gibsland, 2 miles east of, root bench in white oak south of track, 115 feet west 

of milepost 126

 root bench in hickory 115 feet north of track, 250 feet west of milepost 128..

 pipestone bench in Colbert Hotel yard, 100 feet south of truck . .

 top of rail, center of station . .

Uraiid Bayou, S , L B <t S BRIDGE, sees 21-22, T 15 N , R 9 W , top of rail

 bed of bayou ...

 sees 27-28, T 15 N , R 9 \V , top of rail

 bed of bayou . . 

Jamestown; grade, center of station .

Lawlion; grade, center of station

HI aril 11 J ii IK-I ion . . . 

Red River Farlsli line ......

Authority

0 S E

USE. 

USE.

USE.. 

USE.

USE

USE .

U S E...

U S E..

U S L

U S E...

U S E _

USE

USE

USE

USE..

USE

L R & N

L & A..

USE.

USE.

USE

V , S A P .

USE

L A. A.

L & A . 

L A A.. 

S , L B & S

T, & A

L & A

S , L B & S .

L A A..

USE

USE

USE.

V , S & P

S , L B A. S

S , L B & S

S , L B &S 

S, L B &S. 

L & A .

L A. A

S , L B A S 

S . L B £ S .

Class

P

P

P

P 

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

P

P

P

R

R

P

P

P

R

P

R

R 

R 

R

R

R

R

R

P

P

P

R

R

R

R 

R 

R

R

R 

E

Elevation

Feet

51 588

57 913 

56 236

63 210 

63 483

66 353

63 156

57 032

60 789

52 300

59 030

57 212

61 532

56 98

54 472

50 515

41 962

55 4

181

3.52 543

358 877

368 984

J61 9

338 040

158

153' 

131

288

181

154

287

257

229 776

219 233

241 941

246 9

239

228

230 

221 

231

268

259 

223
356 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATEB OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

Location

BIENVILLE PARISH continued

Kiiiggold; top of rail, center of station . . . ...

 1 milesouthof,025mi]esouthofnorthwestLOrnerof sec 10, T 15N.R 9 W , 

summit between Brushy and Grand bayous

T^ylor . . . ...

 pipestone bench in gm yard, 58 feet south of track .. . . 

ThomaK station. ....

BOSSIER PARISH

Alden Bridge; pipestone bench in hotel yard, 260 feet west of track, 400 feet northeast of station

 1 3 miles south of, root bench in post oak east of track, 130 feet south of

milepost 433

Antrim; root bench in pine east of track, 80 feet south of milepost 424

Arkaniia; root bench in red oak cast of track, 1 telegraph pole north of State line

Atkins; grade, center of station

Bentoii, 2 miles north of, root bench in post oak, 16S feet south of milepost 435 

 pipestone bench in northeast corner of section-house yard

Bodcau; top of rail, center of station . . . . . . ...

 pipestone bench in Oliver Williams's yard, 80 feet south of track. .

Bolinger, 0 5 mile north of, root bench in white oak east of track, 8 telegraph 

poles north of milepost 419

Bossier Oity; pipestone bench in yard of Mrs 11 D C Cane

 St L S W crossing

 V,S &P bridge, "X " on anchor bolt on flrst pier at east end .. ..

Brownlee station, 0 5 mile north of, root bench in elm no feet east of track,

4 5 telegraph poles south of milepost 445

 0 5 mile south of, root bench in elm east of track at trestle 'JO

Cuallt level; grade, center of station . .

Curtts; grade, center of station ...

Curtts post-office, 1,000 feet south of root bench in cottonwood, 650 feet

east of Red River

Elm Grove; grade, center of station

Harvey; grade, center of station.

Haughton; top of rail, center of station .

 pipestone bench in J T Edwards's yard .

Hughes, 1 5 miles north of, root bench in post oak west of track, 2 5 telegraph 

poles south of milepost 429

Hunter; grade, center of station. .

Nliioek; grade, center of station

Plain Dealing; pipestone bench 325 feet north of depot, 60 feet west of track.

Poole; grade, center of station. .

Red River; ALBANS CANAL No 1, 80 feet from south side of pipestone bench 

450 feet from river

 BENOIT BAYOU, 420 feet aho^ e, pipestone bench on levee in front of T T Vance's 

house

 BOONE BEND, head of, pipestone bench opposite narrow part of neck and 128 

feet from river

 CURTIS, high water, 1892

 1,000 feet south of, root bench in cottonnood 650 feet east of over .

 DUTCH JOHN LAKE, pipestone bench between lake and river, 320 feet above

Fuller inlet

 OILMER LANDING, 2,400 feet above, pipestone bench on top of bluff just below 

] uller outlet

 1,000 feet above, pipestone bench at Dr Vance's residence

 FIURRiCiNE BLUFF, 09 mile above mouth of Old River, 80 feet from left bank.

 Pipestone bench at residence of Walter Ivory

 l.0°0 'eet above mouth of bayou, at top of boss of standard bench-mark 

pipe, 1,650 feet from river

Authority

S,L B A S

S , L B & S . .

V, S & P.

D C p i

O FJ . . . '.

S , L B & S

USE....

U S E..

USE..

USE .

L R &N....

USE.

V ,8 i P..

USE. 

USE.

USE..

L R &N

USE..

USE

USE..

L R & N . . .

L R &N

USE. . .

L NR & N . .

L R & N.

V, S & P . .

USE.

USE

L K & N .

L R & N . .

USE

L R i N . . ..

USE.

U B E... .

USE.. . . ... 

U S E... . ...

U' S E ...

USE...

USE.. .

USE.

USE.. . . . 

U S E... . . ..

USE.. ...

USE..

Class

R

R 

P

"R

P

P

P

P

II

P 

P

R

P 

P

E

R

P

P

P

R

R

P

II

R

R

P

P

R

R

P

R

E

E

P '

E

E 

P

E

E

E 

E

P

P

Elevation

Feet

274

291

227

218 269 

252

215 521

212 468

255 732

245 534

150 7

213 359

210 067 

206 1

203 713 

339 504

170 70

175 1

186 250

172 614

172 889

173 7

163 7

166 385

155 2

150 7

O JU Q

236 759

219 553

153 7

150 7

260 415

148 7

200 98

181 69

181 7S9 

203 60

171 12 

166 385

197 30

237 86

222 17

191 500

22S 803
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

357

Location

BOSSIER PARISH continued

Red River; LUSK FEKR\ , pipestonc bench m southwest corner of yard of Jake 

Lusk, 1,300 feet from river

- KINCAID PLACE, pipestone bench in field 165 feet east of bayou, 375 feet back 

of levee

 LAKE HOME PLANTATION, pipestone bench on back levee, 150 feet below bend

 MILLERS BLUFF, pipestone bench in southwest corner of yard of Jake Lusk, 

1,300 feet from river 

 NINOCK BAYOU, high water, 1892

 PANDORA PLANTATION, pipestone bench on levee at first hencl above ferry

 POSTEN BAYOU, 160 feet below, pipestone bench 250 feet from river.

 samo. . . ...

 VANCE (COLONEL) PLANTATION, pipestone bench at intersection of north 

stable yard fence with public road

 VANCE (T J ) PLANTATION See VANCEVILLE

Ilcd River Parish line; grade .... . .

Roberta; rootboneh in red oak west of track, lOOfeot south of wagon-road crossing

Taylortown; grade, center of station...

Vanceville, 1 8 miles north of, root bench m cottonwood 650 feet east of track, 

8 telegraph poles north of milepost 442

 1 mile north of, X cut on brick chimney below mark ' D S " 200 feet west 

of track, 3 5 telegraph poles north of milepost 443

 pipestone bench on levco in front of residence of T J Vance .....

 same . ...

Wadley station; top of rail, center of station .. . . . ,

Willow Cliute, 0 5 mile north of, root bench in sycamore west of track, 9 telegraph poles north of milepost 439

CADDO PARISH

Albany Point; pipestone bench in northeast corner of yard ...

Ananias, 1 6 miles north of, rail-end bench 45 feet northeast of milepost 533 5

 1 T miles north of, rail-cnd bench 12 feet west of milepost 534.

 0 G mile north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 534 5 . .

 0 1 mile north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 535

 0 4 mile south of, rail-end bench 18 feet west of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 535 5

 0 9 mile south of, rail-ond bench 60 feet north of milepost 536

Arkansas-I^oulslana State line; rail-end bench 9 feet west of milepost 516 

Beckvllle; grade, center of station .... 

Klaek llsi'j on; K C S CROSSING, top of rail.

 bank of bayou ... .... .. . . ...

 bed of bayou . . . . ... ...... ...

Hlaiicliard, 4 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 544

 3 5 miles north of, rail-end ben«h 60 feet southwest of second telegraph pole 

south of milepost 544 5

 3 miles north of, rail-end bench 60 feet southwest of milepost 545. . . .

 2 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 70 feet southwest of milepost 545 5 . . ...

 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 1,5 feet northwest of first telegraph pole south 

of milepost 546

 1 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 12 feet west of milepost 546 5. .. 

 1 mile north of, rail-end bench 12 feet west of milepost 547.

 0 5 mile north of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 547 5 .. 

 rail-end bench 12 feet west of milepost 548 ..... ...

 depot, top of rail, at center. ....

 0 5 mile south of, rail-end bench 30 feet northwest of milepost 548 5. ...

___ - 1 mile south of. rail-end bench 25 feet, uest. of Trulennst .540 _ _ _.

Authority

USE..

USE

U S E 

USE

U O O 1? l"j

U M T? O fj .

USE.

USE..

U S h

L R & N . . .

USE ...

L R &N. .. . .

USE ....

USE. 

USE..

USE . i .

v,'s & P...

USE.

USE.

K C S . .

K C S .

K C S

K C S

K C S ...

K C S .

K C S . .

M , K 4 T 

K C S

K

J-I Q 

CO.

K J-I C Q 0 -

K /-1 L Q to

K C S .

K C S .

K C S

K C S .

K 0 S .. ...

K C S ...

K r, s ...

K C S .... 

K C S

K C S ....

K C S...... . ..

K C S ..

Class

P

P

E 

P

E

E

E

P

E

II

P

R

P

P

P

E

R

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P 

R 

R

R

p

p

p

p

p

p 

p

p 

p

R

P

P

Elevation

Feet

229 139

163 901

189 50 

229 139

149 27

181 16

198 78

198 254

177 26

147 7

320 842

155 7

178 325

177 802 

181 739

181 09

189 9

Ib3 673

222 868

181 61

190 72

194 73

196 42

205 28

206 15

228 80 

271 

203 

200 50

183

174

285 33

305 84

292 60

286 57

283 77

270 17 

244

226 43 

227 91

227

990 ZiiO OOoo

213 19
358 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ABKA.NSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

Location

CADDO P\RISII continued 

Blaiirhard, 1 Smiles south of, rail-end bench 25 feet northwest of milepost 549 5

milepoht 550 5

of milepost 551

-- - - 4 5 miles south of, rail-end bench 15 feet northwest of nub-post 512 5 .

milepost 553

Boggy Bayou, T & P UKIDUE top of stringer.

Brushy Baj on, T <i P Biunr.ii, top ot stringer .... 

Bucliaiian Bayou, T & P BRIDGE, top of stringer . 

BungaloAv; top of rail, center of station. . . 

Caddo Lake, K C S CROSSING, bridge ...

Chiiiquepiii Bayou, T & P BBIDGE, top of stringer ..... 

Cross Lake, K C S BRIDGF, top of rail. ... . .

Cypress Bay ou, T &P BRIDGE, top of stringer, north end -...

De Soto Parisli line; top of stringer, Keatchie Bayou bridge. .

Feriy Lake, JFTERN LANDING, pipestone bench neai northeast corner of deserted cabin

Flouriioy; grade, center of station ..

Korbins, 1 Smiles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of first telegraph pole 

, north of milepost 564

 1 3 miles north ot, rail-end bench 50 feet southwest of milepost 564 5

 1 2 miles south of, rail-enrt bench 10 feet west of nulepost 5(57.

 2 2 miles south of rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 568 

 2 7 miles south of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 508 5. . .. 

 3 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 15 feet northwest of milepost 569

 37 miles south of, rail-end bench 30 teet southwest of first telegraph pole 

south of milepost 5b9 5

of milepost 571 

Gllmer Bayou, T <£. P BRJDGH top of stringer, south end

Greenwood; grade, center of station . ... ...

llcixlrrsoii mills, CADDO LAKE, pipestone bench near northwest corner of 

deserted house

Authority

K C S..... ....

K C S .... 

K C S

K C S ...... ..

K C S. ... 

K C S 

K C 8 ... . . . . 

K C S .... . .

K C S . . 

K C S 

T & P. ... 

T & P.. 

T &. P ....

T & P.. ... . . 

H & S 

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S.. . 

T & P . 

K C S . .. 

K C S . . 

K C 8... . 

K 0 S 

T & P... ... 

T & P.. 

H <S. S 

USE.

USE. 

M , K & T. 

K C B

K C S 

K C S. 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S .... 

K C S. 

K C S . 

K C S .. 

K C S . . 

K C S . . 

K C S .....

K C S.. ... 

K C S. . . 

K C S

T & P.. . 

M , K <S.T. . 

M , K &T-... 

M K & T. . 

U S E.. .. .

Class

P 

P 

P

r

p 

p 

p 

r

p 

p

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

It 

R 

It 

R 

It 

P

P 

R

r

p 

P 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p 

p

p 

p 

p

R 

R 

H 

R 

P

Elevation

Feet 

211 65 

203 90 

201 50

187 84

180 36 

195 15 

195 86 

1»1 06

186 56 

ISi 68 

171 4 

155 

203 5 

179 6 

173 8 

199 

190

no

202 7 

182 

178 

160 

155 

176 5 

161 

239 

197 246

18i lift

284 

202 07

204 47 

20() 03 

20fi 31 

225 13 

200 09 

208 85 

202 73 

200 24 

198 20 

198 18 

191 87

196 95 

172 29 

167 44

182 8 

226 

297 

306 

244 352
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

359

Location

CADDO PAKISH continued

Irvlngs Bluff^ base .... . . ........

Jeters Landing, FEKKY LAKE, pipestone bench near northeast corner of deserted cabin

IJR Kosen; top of rail, center of station ..... 

Lewis, 1 4 miles north of, rail-end bench at milepost 530 > . .

 0 1 mile south of, rail-end bench at milepost 532. ..

Missionary; post-office, 1902 ... ...

levee 

Mooring, "sport, 2 8 miles north of, rail-end bench 70 feet north of first telegraph 

pole south of milepost 536 5

milepost 537

south of milepost 537 > 

milepost 538 K 

 0 J mile north of, rail-ena beiiLti 15 feet west of first telegraph pole south of 

bridge " B 539 "

water tank

milepost 540 5 

 1 7 miles south of, rail-end bench 20 feet west of milepost 541

 3 2 miles south of, rail-end bemb 15 feet west of milepost 542 5 . 

 3 7 miles south of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 543

My rtls, 0 8 mile north of, rail-end Dcnch 15 feet north of fifth telegraph pole south 

of milepost 522

north of milepost 522 5

 0 2 mile south of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 523 .... 

 0 7 mile south of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 523 5 - 

 1 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 75 feet north of milepost 524.

. 2 2 miles south of rail-end bench 17 feet west of milepost 525 . .

Authority

(a)

Veatch............ .

U S E... . .. ..... 

M,K &T ..... ....

H & S...... .. ....

T & P .......

H & S. . ...

n &s. . ..... .

H &S .... 

K C S ... ..... 

K C S.....

K C S . ... ...

K C S ..... 

K C S ....

K C S..... .. .

Veatch ... 

USE... ...

K C S.... .. . 

K C S..... ..

K C S. ..... ... '

K C S ......

K C S....

K C S...... 

USE

K C S . .

K C S.. .

K C S. . . 

K C S ..

TV C S

K C S... 

K C S ... . 

K C S ..

K C S ... . ... 

K C S.....

K C S . ..

K C S..... 

K C S . .. . 

K C S . - - 

K C S .

K C S ... ...

Class

K

L

A

P 

K

R

R

R

H

K 

P 

P

P 

P

P

L 

E

P 

P

P

P

P

P 

P

R

P

P

P

P 

P

P

P 

P 

P

P

R

F 

P 

P 

P

P

Elevation

Feet. 

249

184 

330

197 246

241

239

190 7

197 5

205 3

219 7 . 

208 91 

205 93

201 01

193 87 

187 74

189 49

204

202 55

192 73

200 12

201 32

197

194 33

200 05

195 00

190 87 '

238 50 

201 90

215 86

IQQ 1 9

207 78 

221 04 

212 14 

227 35

234 50

a Corrected from original survey of T , S & N R R See Geol Survey Louisiana, Kept for 1899 [1900], p, 206 

b Obtained by comparison of Woodruff survey maps with tliose of Red River survey

c Corrected from blueprint of profile received from chief engineer in 1S98, on which R_ C S crossing Shreveport 

d Corrected according to data given on p 328

1393 No 46 06 25

=228 feet
360 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

Location

CADDO PARISH continued

Ited Klver, ARKANSAS-LOUISIANA STATE LINE, 500 feet above, pipestone bench 

30 feet from bluff and 75 feet from bank of bayou

place

Cash plantation

from river

feet southwest of gin 

 CAMPO BELLO PLANTATION, high water, 1892 .... ...... . ...

of gin, 415 feet from river

cabin on small slough

store, 165 feet northwest from gin

Cowhide Bayou

back ol gin

 GOLD POINT PLANTATION, southwest corner of, at intersection of lanes, 600 

feet from river 

tor Dillard's, 600 feet from river

tween. Cash and Carmouche plantations

Bayou, 300 feet from bayou

tation hue

bayou

Rcisor; grade, center of station . . ........ 

Rliodessa, 3 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of nulepost 516 5

 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 65 feet north of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 517 5

 1 5 miles north of, rail-cnd bench 15 feet west of nulepost 518

 0 5 mile north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of nulepost 519 ...

of milepost 520

milepost 521 5 

Itobson; pipcstone bench in yard of Captain Robson's store, 150 feet from river 

 high water, 1892 . . . .... . . . .... .. ... .. .....

Authority

IT & S. . 

USE.

USE.. 

USE.

USE. 

USE. 

USE..

USE.. 

USE.. .

U S E... . . . 

USE.. . 

U S E...

U S E... . . 

USE . . . . . 

U S E... . . . 

U S E.. . ... 

USE. ..... 

U S E.. .. . .. 

USE. ......

USE. 

USE. 

USE 

USE.

USE. . .... 

USE ...

USE.

USE.. 

T & P.. . . 

K C S . . 

K C S . . 

K C S .. .

K C S 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S. 

K C S.. 

K C S..

K C S.. 

K C S.... . . .

U S E... . 

U S 13...

Class

R

E

P 

P

E

E 

P

E 

P

E 

P 

P

E 

P 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E

E 

P 

E

E

E

E

E

E 

R 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

R 

P

P 

P

P

E

Elevation

Feet 

270 3 

212 04

156 305 

152 286

172 60 

204 85 

151 741

186 87 

144 013

151 80 

14b 4)7 

148 141

182 31 

146 983 

189 92 

180 64 

178 24 

174.57 

174 86

163 18 

157 639 

213 64 

195 50

195 27 

180 53

170 70

199 01 

M 4 

218 46 

211 04 

201 02

208 11 

206 60 

230 18 

226 91 

329 

213 78

211 87 

214 67

157 639 

163. 18
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

361

Location

PADDO PARISH continued

Slireveport, 4 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of milepost 555.

 3 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 60 feet north of third telegraph pole south of 

milepost 555 5

 3 miles north of, rail-end bench 45 feet left of track opposite milepost 556. . .

 2 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 85 feet north of third telegraph pole south of 

milepost 556 5

 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 20 feet southeast of second telegraph pole 

south of milepost 557 .

 1 5 miles north of, bench mark on 0 75-mch rod 1 foot west of west side of 

roundhouse

 pipestone bench in yard of post-office . .... .... 

 high water, 1892 . . ....... .... . .. 

 zero, USE gage ....

bridge

 T A P crossing ..... . . . . . . . . . .....

 H &S crossing, grade. . ....

depot

of coal-chute track

 1 => miles south of, rail-end bench 25 feet northwest of milepost SfiO fl .....

of milepost 562

 4 miles south of, rail-end bench 25 feet west of milepost 553 ... 

 4 5 miles south of, rail-end bench 25 feet noithwest of milepost 563 5. ... .

Sodo Lake, lower end of, right bank, pipestone bench at Albany Point, in 

northeast corner of yard

 upper end of, right bank, pipestone bench near northwest corner of deserted 

house at Henderson Mills

Texas-Louisiana State line

Ttvelveniilc Bj.you, head of, right bank, pipestone bench at Albany Point, 

in northeast corner of yard

Vivian^ 1 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 20 feet northwest of milepost 525 5

milepost 52b 5

 1 3 miles south- of, rail-end bench 10 feet southwest of second telegraph pole 

north of milepost 528

 1 8 miles south of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of second telegraph pole north 

of milepost 528 5

Authority

K C S... . . .. 

K C S... . ..

K C S. ... 

K C S. .. ....

K C S. ......

K C S. . ..

K C S. 

K C S... 

USE. . 

U S E... 

USE.. 

V , S & P. . 

U S E... . .

( 6)

H & S. . . . . .

K C S... 

K C S. 

H & S .. .. 

K C S .. 

K C S ... -

K C S... . .

K C S... 

T & P . . . . 

K C S . 

K C S . 

K C S. . 

K C S .. 

K C S... 

K C S .. .

K C S... 

K C S... 

K C S... .... ....

USE. . . .... 

USE.

M, K &T.. .. 

U S E... .

K C S .. 

K C S ... 

K C S.

K C S.. . . . 

K C S. . . 

K C S... .. . 

K C S. ..

K C S . . ........

Class

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

E 

E 

R 

P

L 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

P

P 

R 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P

R 

P

P 

P 

P

R 

P 

P 

P

P

Elevation

Feet 

163 41 

185 78

189 79 

208 34

230 43 

249 124

219 51 

206 03 

0195 744 

17fi 70 

140 09 

1S9 3 

181 800

276 

228 

238 9 

238 3 

234 

234 

208 01

247 55

243 86 

230 28 

202 64 

203 02 

'214 88 

225 01 

210 52 

219 04

206 17 

203 30 

202 67 

222 868

244 352

251 

222 858

224 35 

250 91 

24fi 28

250 8 

251 36 

245 95 

247 10

226 47

a Elevation by line Camdcn to Shreveport, 195 585 feet

&Map of Shreveport showing sewer-pipe system, November, 1900
362 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana continued.

Location.

CADDO PARISII continued.

of milepost 529.51

CALDWELL PARISH.

Bayou Crew, 500 feet west of bridge on north side of Columbia-Three Rivers 

road; root bench on pin oak.

Bayou Lat'oiirclie, 650 feet northeast of bridge on east side of Boeuf RiverColumbia road; root bench on Spanish oak.

Blanktoivii; pipestone bench in J. A. Davis's yard. ............................

feet from river.

northwest of residence.

 HARRIS PLACE; pipe-flange bench 130 feet from river, 1.000 feet above Bird 

Lake Landing.

i Johnson.

boro road. 

Boenf Klver post-office, 0.5 mile above; root bench in pin oak, east side of 

Boeuf River-Landerneau road.

 1 5 miles below; pipe-flange bench on the I. Davis place, on left bank.. :.-......

of ferry landing.

Columbia-Three Rivers road, north side of: root bench in pin oak 500

feet west of bridge over Bnyou Crew.

 high water... ...... . .... . . ....

Kelly; grade, center of station. .... ...... .......

- high water, 1882.... .. ......

 low water, 1899

 zeroof gage................... ............ ....... .....

Onacliita River, BELLEVUE LANUINS; root bench in pecan 311 feet north of 

landing.

Indian mound.

field 50 feet east of Wade Bayou.

 DAVIS (I.) PLACE; pipe-flang beench near south boundary, 090 feet from east 

boundary.

Authority.

K.C.S...... .........

K. C. S.... ..

K.C.8. ..............

St L., I. 11. & S......

V.S.K. ..............

St. L., I.M. & S......

U. S. E............... 

U. S. E. ..............

U

C T?

U.S. E. ..............

U. S. E. .............. 

U.S E. .............. 

U. S. E...............

U S" F

U Q ~p

U q p

U. S. E. ..............

U.S. E. ..............

St. L., I.M. & S......

St. L., I.M. & S......

U. S. E...........

U. S. E. .............. 

U. S.E. ..............

U. S. E ......... .

St L., I.M. & S..

St. L., I.M. & S......

St. L., I.M. & S......

St. L.. I.M. & S...... 

St. L., I.M. & S..

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E . . .

U. S. E. ......

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E..........

U.S. E. .......... .

U. S. E........

U.S. E. ......... .

Class.

P 

P

P

R 

P

P

R 

P

E 

P

P

P 

E 

P

E 

P

P 

P

P 

R 

R 

E 

E 

P 

P

P

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P 

E 

E 

E 

P

P 

P

P 

P

Elevation.

Feet. 

215.93 

206.29

200.63

184.0 

S9.117

66. 143

118.4 

64, 252 

54.33 

65.020

64. 150

65.113 

01.30 

65.020

62.802 

54.415 

63. 101

61.341 

126.8 

134.8 

20.44 

09.78 

68. 325 

64.003

59.117

159.0 

127. 1 

122.7 

121 

110 . 

120.4 

-63.580 

70.24 

38.18 

u-20.44 

65. 268

62. 253 

00.567

57.860 

68.325

ogee note, p. 14.
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

363

Location.

CALDWELL PARISH continued.

Ouaclilta Klver, DANVILLE; top of gas pipe in northwest corner of horse lot 

adjoining Baughman's residence.

 HENRIETTE LANDING, 2,625 feet from ; root bench in elm on south side Harrisonburg road.

river.

east of road.

mouth. -»

west pier. .

of river.

425 feet from ri ver.

Methodist Church.

RI vertou; grade, center of station .......................................... .....

proach to drawbridge.

to drawbridge.

Smith Lake; 820 feet from end of trestle approach to drawbridge over Ouachita 

River. '

Three Rivers Ferry; pipe-flange bench on Boeuf River 250 feet above ColumbiaWinnsborough road.

CATAHOULA PARISH.

Biack River, BOATNER PLANTATION; root bench in oak 50 feet east of levee, 650 

feet northeast of residence.

feet below store.

levee.

from river.

 SECURITY POST-OFFICE; root bench in cottonwood 000 feet south of store, 

50 feet west of river.

Fairplay place.

of gin, 65 feet west of river.

Boeul'River, ALLIGATOR LANDING, 1.4 miles above; pipe-flange bench on right 

bank, 6 miles above mouth.

Clilckasaiv Creek, ST. L., I. M. & S. TRESTLE; grade . . ....

Ciiisiim station; pipe-flange bench on Newman plantation road, 100 feet west of 

traek.

milepost26.

Authority.

V.S.E. ..............

U.S.E. .............. 

U.S. E. ...............

U. S. E ............... 

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E............... 

U. S. E. ..............

St. L., I. M. & S......

U CJ T7I

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

St. L., I. M. & S......

U. S. E.. .............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E.. ..........

U. S. E. ..........

U. S. E.....

U. S. E...........

U. S. E ...........

U. S. E. ......

U. S. E.......

St. L., I. M. & S..

U. S. E.. ........

U. S. E ......... .s

Class.

P

P

E 

P 

P

P

P 

P

P

R 

P

P

E 

E

E 

E

P 

R 

E 

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P .

E

E 

P

E 

P 

E

R 

P

P

P

Elevation.

Feet. 

60.219

58. 368 

09.58 

61.253 

59.653

65. 652

61. 336 

60.094

56. 510

81.1 

56. 261

73. 124 

70.50 

69.75

68.99 

74.77

09. 353 

68.1 

14.92 

67. 312 

66. 722

63. 141 

00. 722 

54. 415

54.745 

55. 834

58. 923 

55.953

53.04

61.41 

57. 402

57.80 

56. 343 

49.14

85.0 

71. 739

04.058 

53.664
364 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

Location.

CATAHOULA PARISH continued.

west of tract.

Harrisonburg, V-mark on brick at ground level on northeast corner of clerk's 

office in court-house yard.

Kirks Ferry See under Tensas River.

100 feet southeast of Hugh's dwelling.

right hank of river.

of river.

from right hank of river.

southwest of Mrs. Calvert's residence.

River. v

feet south of wood line.

800 feet from right bank of river.

house.

trestle on north hank of bayou.

Security. See under Black River. 

Sicily Island post-offlce. See Florence Station. 

Stafford. See under Ouachita River. 

Xensas River, .ANCHOR PLACE; root hench in oak on east side of road .........

west of main right bank. «

Choctaw Bayou.

x a Sec note, p. 14.

Authority.

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. .............. 

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. ....... .......

U. S. E. ..............

U.S. E. ....... .......

St. L., I. M. &S......

L. & A...............

St. L., I.Y.&B......

V. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. '..............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E......... ....

U. S. E...............

U. S. E.. .............

U. S". E ......'.........

U. S. E...............

L& A. ..).... ........

U. S. E. ..............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

U.S.E.. .............

U.8.E. ..............

Class.

R

P

E

R

R

R

R

R

R

K

P

P

E

E

P

E

P

E

E

E

¥

11

P 

P

P

E

P

Elevation.

Feet. 

72 373

71. 739

74

67. 378 

79.077

156

211

' 62. 73

87.3

56

27

24

153.6

59.800

57. 194

62.82

58.004

62.79

56.367

66 79

d 20 28

57 44

74 793

71.403

121

202

60.927

64.957

n-17.06

63.77

63.392
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

365

Location

CATAIIOULA p iBisH continued 

Trinity; pipcstone bench on Ouss estate, back of kitchen ...

 low water, 1873 . ... .... . ... 

Tullos; grade, center of station... . .... ...........

CONCORDIA PARISH.

Acme post-office. See under Black River. 

Black H.ixvk. See under Mississippi River 

Black Klver, ACME, pipe-flange bench in field on T A Lanius's place, 030 feet 

from Black River 

 pipe-flange bench 75 feet northeast of river, 2b5 feet below Burleighs 

Landing _ 

 ALTON LANDING, 950 feet below, pipe-flange bench 40 feet from nver

feet south of bayou

 CYNTHIA BAYOU, root bench in ironwood on levee, BW feet south of bayou

landing

east of residence. 

 U,VA I'osr-oFFirF, pipe-flange bench 30 feet west of bank of Black River, 200 

feet north of N Calhoun's residence 

 On LESPIFS BAYOU, 1,300 feet above, pipe-flange bench in Jackson's field, 13 

feet from bank

south of levee. 

 LANIUS (J A ) PLACE, 0 f> mile above Acme post-office, pipe-flange bemh nu 

field 650 feet from river 

 LTJMS LANDING, pipe-flange bench 50 feet southeast of Pauhl's residence, 500 

feet north of nver. 

 MONTERFY, 05 mile below, pipe-flange bench on line between T o and ON. . 

 MOUTH OF, hi^h water, TS2 ....... . -

 zero of gage ... ...

R 7E. 

Black Klver station; zero of gage.. .. .... - .

 root bench in hackberry 225 feet from main bank of Ouachita River, near highwater section of gage

 root bench in pignut hickory near U S gage .. . ... ... 

 root bench in sweet gum near U S gage ... ...

east of milepost 7 

Boiigcre. See under Mississippi River 

Clayton. See under Tensas River 

Coiicordla; pipe-flange bench 1C feet south of N , R R & T track at station .. 

Cypress; pipe-flange bench in yard of Henry Elerbee (colored), 275 feet west of 

N O & N W R R track 

Eva post-office. See under Black River

Helena; pipe-flange bench 05 feet from track in (lane on property of GravesVeaton Co , 

Mississippi River, ASIILEY PLANTATION, granite post , . ...... .... 

" See note, p 14

Authority

USE.. . 

USE. 

USE... 

St L , I M & S 

St L ,1 M &. S.. .

USE... ...

U S E... . .

USE . . . 

U S E...

USE. 

USE.. .

U S E.... . 

USE 

USE 

USE.. 

USE 

U S E..

USE. ... 

USE 

USE 

USE 

U S F._

USE.. 

USE.. 

USE 

USE.

USE. 

USE... 

USE..

USE.. 

USE......

USE.. ... .

U S E... . ..... . 

U.S C &G.S. ......

Class

P

E 

E 

R 

R

E 

P

E 

P

r 

p

p 

r

K 

P 

E 

P

E 

E 

E 

E 

E

E 

E 

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P

Elevation

Feet 

53 (>24 

02 86 

8 26 

106 1 

91

52 10 

50 224

55 18 

53 381

53 381 

48 984

51 995 

53 590 

52 32 

54 242 

52 10 

52 284

54 19 

57 97 

56 39 

<"-20 51 

54 19

4 49 

59 28 

51 198 

55 097

48 741 

50 571 

57 377

60 329 

58 243

56 442 

60 396

54088
366 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued.

Location

CONCORD!*. PAKISH continued

Mississippi River, BLACK HAWK, 3 miles south of, on Ballamagan plantation, 

near engine house, cut in cistern, marked ' U S B M Q LIT "

dcnce

next plantation store

store

Adams, Miss

Montere j . See under .Black River

New Era; pipe-flange bench 75 feet south of river, 12K foet northeast of residence 

at Emmeriion Lauding

Otts B.iyou, N , R R & T, CROSSING, pipestone bench on east bank, 15 feet 

north of track, 35 feet east of trestle

Red River, BLACK KIVEK, 500 feet below mouth of, cement-filled vitrified pipe 

i in Delhoste's field i

Stantoii station, east of, pipe-flange bench near cotton plutform on Athlone 

place

Tensas Klver, ATIHONE PLACE, high water, 1893

southeast of n\ er

 low water. .

 LAM \RQUE PLACE, high water, 1893 

Viclalia, 4 .5 miles above, marble post in levee, near old brick wall

DE SOTO PARISH

Keiisoii, 3 0 miles north of, rail-end bench 1,5 feet west of milcpost 6005

 2 1 miles north of, rail-end bench 40 feet north of first telegraph pole south of 

milepost 602

south of milepost 603 ,5

north of milepost 605 5 

Blllmore; top of rail, center of station .....

o" Bench found disturbed in 1893 "

Authority

U S C & G S. ...

U S C & G 8 . . 

U S C d. O S ....

U S C & G S. ..

U S C & G S 

U S C A G S .. . 

U S C & G S

U S C & G S . .

u s c & G s. . . .

U S C & G S . 

U S C & G S ... 

U S C & G S 

U S C & G S ...

USE.. ... 

USE.. 

USE... 

USE.

USE. 

USE 

USE. . .

USE. 

USE. 

USE 

USE. 

USE. 

U S C & G S. ... 

U S C & G S . . 

USE 

U S C &. G S. .. 

USE.

K C S. . 

K C S. ... 

K C S . . . .

K U S . . . . 

K C 8. .. . . . 

K C S . . .

K C S ... .

K C S... . . . 

K C S . .. ... 

K C S ...

H &S.. ... . . .. 

t In 1893

Class

P

p 

P

P

P 

P 

P

P

P 

Y 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

E 

E

E 

E 

P

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

P 

P 

P 

P 

Y

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

R

Elevation

feet 

50 409

52 265 

56 959

64 378

59 152 

56 150 

05 907

53 010

53 142 

C4 129 

03 098 

54 088 

03 098

51 995 

50 442 

47 40 

55 88

00 63 

55 88 

01 337

-17 06 

63 77 

20 70 

61 25 

62 03 

68 256 

63 276 

63 422 

61 089 

61 235

304 24 

276 22 

280 09

268 52 

252 94 

248 12

249 29 

241 70 

231 03 

229 37

312 5
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA. 

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

367

Location

DE SOTO PARISH continued

Cypress Bayou, T &P BRIDGE, top of stringer, north end - - ... ....

He Soto Parish line; rail-end bench 35 feet southwest of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 605 5

Franks; top of rail, center of station . . . ........

Friersou, 4 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of first telegraph nole 

south of milepost 572

milepost 537

of milepost 673 5

south of milepost 574 5

 0 V milo north of, rail-end bench 55 feot south of milepost 576 

 0 3 mile south of, rail-end bench west of milepost 576 5 

 08 mile south of, rail-end bench 1 5 feet west of milepost 577

 1 8 miles south of, ruil-cnd bench 18 foot west of milepost 578. 

 2 3 miles south of, rail-end bench 20 feet west of milepost 'iTS "J . .

 2 8 miles south of, rail-end bench IS feet west-southwest of sixth telegraph 

pole south of milepost 579

Flllllton; top of rail, center of station .... . . . 

Gloster; grade, center of station ... ..... 

Grand Cane; grade, center of station . . ...

Holllngsivortlt vtatlou; rail-end bench 15 feet west of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 588 

Holly, 3 2 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet northwest of imlepost 581

south of milepost 581 5

milepost 583

 0 7 mile north of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 583 5

milepost 584

 1 8 miles south of, rail-end bench 30 feet north of second telegraph pole north 

of milepost 580 ,

587 

Keatchle; top of rail, center of station ..... . . . . . . 

Kingston, 0 1 mile north of, rail-end bench 40 feet north of milepost 580 ... . .

Luptoii; top of rail, center of station . .. ... . . '. . 

Logausport; top of rail, center of station. . . . . ... 

ITIansneld, 3 7 miles north of, rail-end bench 95 feet north of milepost 587 5 ...

milepost 388

Authority

II &S...... .. .. .

T &P... . 

T &P. ... .

K C S..... ..

H &S..... .. .

K C S.... . . . 

K C S. .... . .

K C S. 

K C S..... ....

K C S..... ..

K C S. ..

K C S.....

K C S.... . .

K C S.... 

K C S.. .. . 

K C S.. . . 

K C S.... . . 

K C S.... 

K C S . . . . . 

K C S.... . .... .

K C S .... 

H &S.. ...... -.

TAP .... 

T & P . ... . 

K C S ..

K C S.... 

K C S....

K C S . .. 

K 0 S. . 

K C S.... .

K C S.... .

K C S

K C S. .. 

K C S.. . * 

K C S..... . 

K C S ... ... .

K C S . . 

K C S.. .

HAS 

K C S 

K C S . . 

H &S ... 

H & S...... .. .

K C S.. .. . . 

K C S. ... .. .

Class

R 

R 

R 

P

R 

P

P 

P

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

R 

R 

R 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

R 

P 

P 

K 

R 

P 

P

Elevation

Feet 

239 

176 5 

161 

229 37

330 6 

166 63

183 56 

203 38

208 52

227 56 

212 86

201 59 

190 95 

18588 

187 61 

177 17 

164 17 

174 26 

164 04 

165 07

179 43 

231 7 

250 1 

301 5 

251 17

1Q5 

178 09

168 54 

206 44 

231 51

217 93 

196 97

185 84 

178 01 

193 95 

195 65

178 16 

198 96

338 4 

201 16 

216 58 

253 2 

207 4 

224 83 

261 17
368 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

, Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

Location

DE SOTO PARISH continued

Munsli < !<!, 2 7 miles north of, rail-end bench 20 feet northwest of third telegraph 

pole south of milepost 588 5

south of milepost 589

 1 7 miles north of, rail-end bench SO feet south of flrst telegraph pole south of 

of milepost 889 5

of milepost 590

milepost 592

milepost 593

milepost 594

 3 3 miles south of, rail-end bench 20 feet southwest of second telegraph pole 

north of milepost 594 5

 3 8 miles south of, rail-end benoh 18 feet west of flrst telegraph pole south of 

milepost 595

JHansfield .function, 05 mile north of, rail-end benoh 15 feet west of third 

telegraph pole south of milepost 593

- 0 5 mile south of, rail-end bench 75 feet south of flrst telegraph pole south of 

milepost 594

Odin; top of rail, center of station. .. .. . .... . . .... 

Oxford; grade, center of station. . . . . .... . . 

Pelican; grade, center of station .......

Sablue Parisl! line; rail-end bench 35 feet southwest of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 605 5

Moiio\v.il 1; grade, center of station . .....

Xrenton? 2 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet west of second telegraph pole 

north of milepost 595 5

milepost 596

milepost 596 5

milepost 599

i 2 miles south of, rail-end bench 18 feet west of second telegraph pole south of 

milepost 600

Wallace Lake; rail-end bonch 40 feet south of first telegraph poie south of lake.

EAST CAKEOLL PARISH

Fleiiderson; copper bolt in pillar of dwelling owned by Mrs Emma E Peck.. 

i copper bolt in chimney of cabin opposite old gin. . .... 

pake Providence; zero. V S E etige. ... ... ...

Authority

K C S. ..

K C S. ... 

K C S.... 

K C S ....

K 0 S. . . . 

K C S 

K C S ... . . .

K C S.. .. . 

K C S .. ...

K C S.. . . . . 

K C S.. . . .

K C S .. .... . 

K C S... . . 

K C S. ... .

T & P.. .. 

K C S. ...

K r, s. ...

K C S. ... 

H & S ......

T & P.. .. ... 

T & P .... . .

K C S .. .

T & P. 

K C S . ....

K C S.. .. ... 

K C S

K C S . . 

K C S.. . . . . ... 

K C S. . . ...... 

K C S.. . . ..... 

K C S. . . .....

K

I-l Q

K C S.. .. ........

K C S... . .........

U S C &G S..... . 

U S C & G S. . . . 

USE. ...

Class

P 

P

P 

P

P 

, P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P

i P 

P

R 

R 

P 

P

R 

R 

R 

P

R 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P

P

,P

E

Elevation

Feet 

281 33

302 80 

299 75 

311 83

324 69 

339 28 

332 02

351 31 

351 16

343 06 

356 22

364 26 

351 70 

351 16

310 

343 7 

343 00 

356 22

274 0 

257 

315 5 

229 37

211 8 

358 46

353 71 

346 81

359 21 

347 78 

341 02 

340 05 

315 42

314 92 

309 07

163 09

101 819 

99 168 

69 34
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

369

Location.

FRANKLIN PARISH.

Bayou lUacoil, CUTOFF BAYOU, mouth of; pipe-flange bench on knoll west of 

warehouse.

Macon.

Osborne.

 PULLAWAY BAYOU; root bench on right bank, 65 feet from Bayou Macon. .... 

 PULLAWAY LANDING. See BAYOU MACON, JACKSONS LANDING.

 SUNSHINE LANDING; pipe-flange bench in lot adjoining J. L. Newcomer's residence.

Big Creek, N. O. & N. W. CKOSSING; pipe-flange bench 225 feet east of bank, 80 

feet south of track.

Big Creek station, 1 mile south of; root bench on post oak east of track, 4.5 

telegraph poles south of milepost 60. 

Boeuf Klver, DALY LANDING; pipe-flange bench 50 feet northeast of warehouse.

Como-New Lights road, ROARING BAYOU, 500 feet west oi; root bench in 

white oak on south side of road.

Delhi- Warsaw road, DOVER, 350 feet south of; root bench in red elm. .......

Eden station; pipe-llange bench 30 feet east of track, 200 feet north of platform. 

Kiam; pipe-flange bench at Mrs. L. Alien's store, 100 feet west of track. ..........

Gilbert; pipe-flange bench in southwest corner^of garden of Ephraim Williams, 

500 feet southwest of depot. 

Lamar post-office, 742 feet south of; root bench in white oak west side of 

Warsaw road. 

Osbornes Ferry. See under Bayou Maeon. 

Peck, 1 mile north of; root bench in thorn west of track, 2 telegraph poles north of 

milepost 35. 

Steelc switch; pipe-flange bench 50 feet east of track, 130 feet south of trestle .. 

Warsaw-Delhi road. See Delhi-Warsaw road. 

Winnsfooro, 1 mile north of; root bench on white oak 1.5 telegraph poles south 

ofmilepost 53. 

f pipe-flange bench in lot of Mrs. Adams opposite depot.. ......................

milepost 37.

GRANT PARISH.

Antoiiia station; grade, center of depot. . .....................................

track. 

Bayou de Gaiip, L. R. & N. BRIDGE, north of; root bench on pin oak west of track. 

 , top of stringer. ...............'.......................- 

Authority.

TJ. S.E. ..............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S.E...............

U. S. E. ..............

U. S.E. ....... .......

U. S.E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S.E. ..............

U.S.E. ..............

U. S.E. ..............

U. S. E...............

U.S.E...............

U. S.E...............

U.S.E............... 

U.S. E. .............. 

U. S.E. ..............

U. S. E....... ......... 

U.S.E...............

U. S E...............

U.S E. .............. 

U. S. E. ..............

U. S.E............... 

U.S.E.......

U.S. E. ..............

St. L., I. M. &S...... 

St. L., I. M. & S .

L.R.&N... ..........

L. R. &N..... .

L. R. &N.....

L.R. &N.... ......... 

L. R. &N.. ........ ..

31ass.

P

E

E 

E 

P 

P

P

E 

E 

P

P

P 

P

P

E 

E 

E 

E 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P

P 

P

P

P 

P 

P

R 

R 

R 

R 

R

R 

E

Elevation.

Feet. 

' 73. 752 

68.43

67.88 

87. 042 

73. 658

78. 181

76.80 

 71.75 

73. 658

91.878

84. 605 

74.391

74. 279

66.30- 

64.37 

60.33 

n-20.44

58.329

87. 154 

87.042 

71. 667 

72. 210 

77. 748

88. 492

58. 404 

72. 238

 70.812

72.142 

74. 745 

73.068

189.0 

195. 4 

119 

110 

134.3

89.2 

94

* See note, p. 14.
370 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkanms Continued

Location

GRANT PARISH continued 

Bayou Marteaii, L RAN BRIDGE, top of stringer.... . . .. ... .

Bayou Nantache«t, L R AN BRIDGE, top of stringer.. 

Bayou Patessa, L R & N BRIDGE, top of btrmger. 

Big Creek, St L , I M & S BRIDGE, south end..

Boggy Bayou, L R A N BRIDGE, top of stnnger. .

Colfax; grade, eenter of station . . ... . _

Cornfield Bayou, L K & N BRIDGE, top of stringer

Fa i nil on HI post-offlce, 1 25 milesabove, pipestone bench onMrs A C Deal's 

plantation, opposite Deloaehes Rock .

l?iiiley spur; grade, renter of station . . . 

Fish Creek, St L , I M & S BRIDGE, north end .... ... 

Georgetown; grade, St L , I M & S crossing

Howrott station; grade, center of station .

Kitchens Orcek, ST L , I M & S BRIDGE, top of stringer

Little River; ST L,I M &S CROSSING, grade of bridge.

 L &A CROSSING bedofnvei ... 

ltlontgonier> ; grade, tenter of station . 

 high water, 1892 .... 

Nnijeiit st.itioii, 2 miles north of, summit of grade near milepost 025 

 grade, centei of station ... ... 

Pollock; grade, centei of depot . . 

Rapldes Parish line; grade, L R i N track 

Rochelle; grade, center of station.. ... . 

Saiulspur. See Antonm station

Ked River, DUNN LANDING, 1,200 feet above, pipestone bench near cabin on 

Dunn plantation

opposite Deloaehes Rock ... 

Sandy Creek, ST L,I M As BRIDGE, top of stnnger .. 

Wlnn FarHh line; grade, L R & N track . . . . 

Verde station; grade, tenter of station . . ....

JACKSON PARISH

Allendale. ... . . .... 

Aiisley station ... ....... 

Bridge Creek, A S BRIDGE, sec 8, T 10 N , R 3 W , top of rail .

Clay post-offlce; top of rail at Elmoro station 

Cypress Creek, A S BRIDGE, sec 31, T 16 N , R 3W, top of rail

 bed ot creek. . . .. ..... ... ... . ..

Authority

L R i N.. . 

L R & N.. . 

L R & N.. . . 

L R & N..... .

St L , I M AS.. 

St L , I M & S. 

St L , I M & S. 

L R & N... . 

L R & N . 

L R & N . . . 

USE 

0 S E . 

L R A N 

L R & N. ... 

USE

St L, I M &S 

St L , I M & S . 

L & A 

St L , I M & S .. 

St L , T M & S. . . 

St L , I M &S .. . 

St L , T M & S 

St L , I M & S . 

St L , I M & S . 

St L , I M & S. 

St L , I M & S . 

St L , I M &S . 

L A A 

L R & N . 

D S E. 

St L , 1 M A S 

St L , I M & S.. 

St L , I M & S. 

L R & N . . 

St L , 1 M & S.

USE...

USE. 

St L i U & S. 

L R & N . ... 

L R & N. . . 

L 11 A- N

AS... 

AS .... .. .. 

AS.... 

AS 

AS... 

AS..... 

A S.. ... . .

A S.. ... ...

Class

R 

R 

11 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P 

E 

R 

R 

P

K 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

E 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R

P

P 

R 

R 

R, 

R

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R

Elevation

Feet 

90 9 

61 

102 2 

87 0 

05 2 

93 2 

82 2 

101 6 

03 7 

96 

06 183 

95 73 

98 

85 

04 X2

172 3 

84 8 

94 

97 4 

85 fi

or, c

152 T 

137 5 

87 ,i 

8C i 

70 

27 

24 

152 7 

101 37 

200 3 

171 4

on 2

89 

8L

104 749

94 ,112 

102 i 

184 

165 0 

101 14

177 

191 

182 3 

172 

206 3 

162 

157 

147
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

371

Location

JACKSON PARISH continued

Klmore station; top of rail, center of station.. .. ... ... . .

Hodge; top of rail, center of station . .... ......

Joiiesboro; top of rail, center of station . .....

 2 miles south of, at milepost 23. . . . .

Lincoln Parish line; top of rail, A S R R. .

Parsons Creek, A S BRIDGE, sec 18, T 16N,R 3 W , top of rail north end of

bridge

Wiiiil ParUli line; top of rail, A S R R,. ...

Wyatt; top of rail, north head block ... ...

I-INCOLN PARISH

Alleiigreeii; top of rail, center of station ... .....

 pipestonc bench 165 feet northwest of station, 150 feet north of track.

Alcxton, near, top of big out

Averltt; top of rail, center of station . . ....

Clioudrallt; top of rail, center of station . .

 pipestone bench 215 feet north of track, at southeast corner of Farmer's Union

office

 2 miles west of, root bench in white oak 65 feet north of bridge 215, 650 feet

west of milepost 97

Diih.nli; top of rail, centei of station . ....

Jackson ParUli line; top of rail A S R R . ...

Rlistoll, 1 5 milc'scast of, root bench in lingo pine north of track, lOOfcct west of

milepost 101

 top of rail, V , S & F ciosstng. ....

 pipestone bench in court-house yard at corner of Louisiana and Vienna streets

 top of rail, center of station. ....... ...

 1 5 miles uest 01, mil-cud hcmh south of track, 650 feet from milepost 104

Tremoiit, 2 miles east of, root bench in large pme south ol track, l,J15feet west of

milepost 89

JSimiii**boro; top of rail, center of station..... .....

 pipestone bench in yard of Mr Madden. ....

MADISON PARISH

Hayon ITIaoon, ANDREWS FFRRV 06 mile below, root bench in pin oak 2SS feet

below cabin on Montgomery place

 ANDREWS FIFLD, root bom h in pin oafe on north side of lane, 0 4 mile south

ot bayou t

 MONTGOMERY PLICE See ANDREWS FFRR-I

Hariies; top of rail, center of station

 pipcstone bench in yard of cabin opposite store

CallfoEnla station; pipestone bench in yard ol Mrs N Thomas..

 top of rail, center ol station ... 

J>alla&; topofiail center of station . 

 zero of Tensas River gage ......

 pipestone bench about 7 leeteastof c.ibin just west of Tensas River, on north

side ol track

Delta; top of rail center of station . .

 copper bolt in stone post south of V , fl & p R R and east of Main street

 ^ame.. . ..... . ......

Duckport. Set under Mississippi River

Rldorado; top of rail, center of station ...

Kellogg«i Landing. See under Mississippi River

Lake One station; top of rail, center of station ...... .. .,.

 pipestone bench northwest of SVaddell's sawmill, 187 feet northeast of east 

pier of V., S &P bridge '

Authority

A S.. ...

AS ... .

AS ... .

AS ... .

\ S

AS....

AS. .

AS..

V , S A P ...

U

O Vf

& H. . .

V S .

V , S & P.

V , S &. P. .

USE.

USE

\ S

AS .. . .

USE...

 VS..

USE,.

V S A. P

USE.

(I S F .. 

V , S &. P .

USE

U S E...

USE..

V , S A P. .

USE.

USE.

\' , S & P . 

V ,S & P . 

USE..

USE.." . .

V , S &. P .

USE

U S C & G S .

V ,S & P

V , S &. P. ...

U

Q V

or-.. ...

Class

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

P 

R

R

R

P

P

R

R

P

R

P

P

P

R

P

P

P

R

P

P

R 

R

E 

P

R

P

P

R

R

P

Elevation

Feet

206 3

191

212

246

211

181

170

191

330

3% 169 

231

156

154 9

152 279

152 090

135

211

249 63 i

304 5

314 460

311 9

241 181

178 301

325 9

320 312

73 S94

76 362

88 3

81 030

88 217

95 3

87

64 10 

7b 206

93 2

87 453

87 495

87 8

90

77 301
372 GEOLOGY AND TJNDEBGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

Location

MADISON PARISH continued

LUIII&; top of rail, center of station. ... .... .. ......

ITlilllkeim Heiid. See under Mississippi Rrver

Ml**l'sl*i]jpl River, CABIN TLELE PLANTATION, copper bolt in northeast pillar

of dwelling

 CRYSTAL SPEING PUNTATION, copper bolt in cast chimney of dwelling .

 DUCKPORT PLANTATION, copper bolt in third pillar from noitheait corner

of dwelling porch

 ECHO PLANTATION, copper bolt in chimney of dwelling. .

 KELLOGGS LANDING, copper bolt in southeast chimney of post-office building

 MILI.IKFNS, BL.ND 0 75 mile above, copper bolt in third brick from northeast

corner ol foundation of IT P Morancy's house

 OMEGA POST-OFFICE, 0 21 mile above, Ditchley plantation, copper bolt in 

chimney of Mrs Saiah A Nutt's dwelling

 POINT PLACE PLANTATION, copper bolt in second pillai from southeast corner of dwelling

 RIVEEVIEW PLANTATION, copper bolt in northeast pillar of dwelling-house

porch

 SAEGENTS POINT, copper bolt in cement block near cabin 2,000 feet from river.

 WILLOW OIFNN PLANTATION, copper bolt in second pillar from southeast 

corner of dwelling-house porch

Mound station; pipestone bench at northeast corner of easternmost section

house of V , S & P R R

 top of rail, center of station.... .. .........

Omega. See under Mississippi River

Quebec; top of rail, center of station . . .........

 pipestone bench at store 200 feet southeast of railroad bridge over Bayou 

Dispute

 near, on east bank of Tensas River, 30 feet south of track. .... .

Tulliil.ili; top of rail, center of station ... . . ....

 copper bolt 1 5 feet above floor of gallery, 1 73 feet west of mam door of courthouse

Teiidal; top of rail, center of station.. ... . .

Trusas niver, GEAY PLACF,, pipe-flange bench in yard of house occupied by

James McPherson

 JACKS BAYOU, zeioofgage. ... 

 QUEBEC PLACE, high water, 1893 . .....

 V,S &P BEIDGE, high water, 1893 ....

Waverly; pipestone bench in yaid of section foreman ..

 top of rail, center of station

MOEEHOUSE PAEISH

Ark.iii«ii«-L,uiiisiaiiit State line; topofrail,N 0 &N W R R

IBayoil Bartholomew, AEKANSAS-LOUISIANA STATF LINE, 1,650 feet south

of, pipe-flange bench 200 feet east of bayou, 50 feet east of railroad

 BONNEE PLACE, pipe-flange bench in yard of cabin on lower end of place.

 BONNEE FEERI, pipe-flange bench on right top hank of bayou, 20 feet from

road to ferry

 DAVIS PLACE, root bench in oak on bayou side of road, 1,150 feet below Pecan 

Landing

 HUGHES FORD, pipe-flange bench 95 feet from bank at angle where road 

leaves bayou and goes up lake

 JONES PLACE, pipe-flange bench in yard around second cabin from residence,

65 feet north of bayou

 pipe-flange bench 05 feet east of lane to Williams place and 50 feet south

of bayou

 LINDGEOVE LANDING, pipe-flange bench in \vest corner of field where road

from Bonita comes to bayou

 LINDGEOVE, zero of gage. .. . '. . . .

 MYEES PLACE, pipe-flange bench 65 feet south of dayou, at end of lane

leading to Marble place

Authority

V ,S & P . . .

U S U & G. S. . .

U S C & G S .

U S C & G S

u s c & r, s.... .

U S C & G S...

U S C & G S . .

U S C i G S.

U S C & G S. . .

U S C & G S. ..

U S C i G S . .

U S C & G S.

USE

V , S & P .. .. .

V ,S & P.. . .

USE.

USE.. ...

V ,S & P. .

USE..

V, S & P..

USE..

USE. 

Uq O TTEl . . .

USE..

USE.. . ..

V ,S i P ..

N 0 & N W. .

USE . .

USE

USE

USE. ....

USE.. ....

USE.....

USE.. .....

USE...... . .

USE

USE... ..

Class

R

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

R

R

P

P

R

P

R

P

E

E

P

K

R

P

P

E

P

E

P

P

P

P

Elevation

leet

91 4

98 641

87 619

97 202

97 605

88 267

97 514

96 549

90 901

94 394

85 694

91 061

83 138

91 1

87 8

75 072

78 131

90 9

91 802

87 8

70 264

42 81 

83 10

79 09

78 532

87 8

90

107 075

91 780

94 68

94 838

109 31

86 041

90 227

105 634

75

90 703
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Lduisiana Continued.

373

Location.

MOREHOUSE PARISH continued.

of road on Davis place.

feet north of bayou.

cabin below residence. 

_ WELLS PLACE; pipe-fiange bench in northwest corner of field east of first 

cabin east of residence, 30 feet south of bayou.

 12.5 miles north of; summit between White Oak Creek and Shiloh (Charlon) 

Creek.

Bonlta, Smiles north of; root bench in white oak east of track, 700 feet south of 

first cattle gap south of milepost 497.

telegraph poles above milepost 498.

BOSS ...............................................................................

Jones station; pipe-flange bench in corner of. field opposite station platform, 

65 feet south of milepost 496. 

Ijindgrove. See under "Bayou Bartholomew.

Parkville; pipestone bench in Bob Tucker's yard 130 feet from Bayou Bartholomew, 650 feet above mouth.

Tliisey Bayou. See Charlon Creek. 

White Oak Creek, N. O. & N. W. BRIDGE; top of rail. .........................

NATCHITOCHES I'ARISH.

Clarence; top of rail, center of station. .........................................

N.; root bench on oak at fork of roads. 

Cvoress 1 grade, center of station. ............................................... .

Authority.

N. O. & N. W .........

U.S.E................

U.S.E.. .............

U.S.E................

U.S.E................ 

U.S.E.................

N. O. & N. W .........

N. 0. & N. W .........

N.O.& yi.Vf .........

N. O. & N. W .........

U.S.E................

U.S.E................

U.S.E................

N. O. & N. W ....:....

N. O. & N. W.....'....

N. O. & N. W .........

N. O. & N. W .........

St. L..I.M. &S.......

N. O. & N. W .........

U.S.E................

N.O.&N.W.. .......

U.S.E................

N. O. & N. W ......... 

L.& A................

T.& P................

L.R.& N.... .........

L. R. & N .............

L.&'A. ...............

T. & P................

L. R. & N ............ 

L.R.& N.... .........

L.R.& N.. ...........

T.& P................

Class.

R 

R 

P

E 

E 

P 

P

P 

P

R 

R

R 

R 

R 

.R 

P

P

P 

R 

- R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

R 

R 

P

R

R 

R 

R 

R 

L 

L 

R 

R 

R 

R 

L

R

Elevation.

Feet. 

97 

66 

94. 838

68.24 

53.63 

89. 114 

97. 096

95. 703 

99.914

75 

113

100 

125 

140 

80 

101. 393

100. 806

1§6. 308 

75 

145 

155 

79.5

91 

85 

106. 709

93 a 

87.5 

77. 259

100

178 

238 

125 

75 

107 

87 

261 

99.8 

114.7 

124.7 

171

100.2

a From Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 160, not corrected.
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

373

Location.

MOREHOUSE PARISH continued. 

Bayou Bartholomew, N. O. & N. W. BRIDGE; top of rail ....................

of road on Davis place.

feet north of bayou.

cabin below residence. 

 WELLS PLACE; pipe-flange bench in northwest corner of field east of first 

cabin east of residence, 30 feet south of bayou.

 12.5 miles north of; summit between White Oak Creek and Shiloh (Charlon) 

Creek.

 4 miles north of; summit between Horse Bayou and Bayou Bartholomew. ..

Bonita, 3 miles north of; root bench in white oak east of track, 700 feet south of 

first cattle gap south of jnilepost 497.

 2 miles nortli of; root bench in elm east of track, between third and fourth 

telegraph poles above milepost 498.

Horse Bayou, N. O. & N. W. BRIDGE; north end ...............................

Jones station; pipe-flange bench in corner of. field opposite station platform, 

65 feet south of milepost 490.

Ijindgrove. See under "Bayou Bartholomew.

Oak Ridge ; top of rail, center of station. ..................... .... ..........

Piirkville; pipestone bench in Bob Tucker's yard 130 feet from Bayou Bartholomew, 650 feet above mouth. 

Xtiisey Bayou. See Charlon Creek.

NATCHITOCIIES PARISH.

Black Lake; high water, 1902 ....................................................

Camptl ; top of rail, center of station. ...........................................

N.; root bench on oak at fork of roads. 

Cvoress 1 srade, center of station ..............-....... ..........-.............._.

Authority.

N.O.&N.W. ........ 

N. O. & N. W .........

U.S.E... ..............

U.S.E................

U.S.E................ 

U.S.E. ...............

U.S.E................

N. O. & N. W .........

N.O.&N.W.........

N. O. & N. W .........

N.O.& N. W......... 

N.O.&N.W.........

N. O. & N. W .........

U.S.E................

U.S.E................

U.S.E................

N. O. & N. W ....:....

N. O. & N. W.....'....

N. O. & N. W .........

St. L..I.M. &S.......

N. p. & N. W ......... 

N.O.& N. W.. .......

U.S.E................

St. L.,I. M.&S. ......

N.O.&N.W...

U.S.E............ ...

L.& A................

L.& A................

T.& P................

T.&F. ...............

L.K.& N.... .........

L. R. & N .............

L.&'A. ...............

T. & P................

L. B. & N.............

L.R.& N.... ......... 

L.B.& N.. ...........

T.& P................

Class.

R 

R 

P

E 

E 

P 

P

P 

P

R 

R

R 

R 

R 

.R 

P

P

P 

R 

- R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

R 

R 

P

R

R 

R 

R 

R 

L 

L 

R 

R 

R 

R 

L

R

Elevation.

Feet. 

97 

66 

94. 838

68.24 

S3. 63 

89. 114 

97. 096

95. 703 

99.914

75 

113

100 

125 

140 

80 

101. 393

100. 806

1§6. 308 

75 

145 

155 

79.5 

o77. 

91 

85 

106. 709

93 a 

87.5 

77. 259

100

178 

238 

125 

75 

107 

87 

261 

99.8 

114.7 

124.7 

171

100.2

a From Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 160, not corrected.
374 GEOLOGY AND UNDEBGRGUND WATEK OF LOUISIANA ATSTD ARKANSAS.

Attitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

Location

NATCHITOCHES PARISH COlltmilpd

Derry ; grade, center of station. . . ..... . ..... 

Goldonna ; grade, center of station ..... . . . . ... 

Grappes Bluff"; top of rail, center of station. . ... 

Jfyani** ; grade, center of station . . ....

I>iiella ; grade, center of station .. ..... . ... 

Martha vllle ; grade, center of station .

Montgomery, linilc helow, pipcstone bench in yard on Dr R E Jackson's 

plantation

OTontrose . .... ....... . . ......

 4 miles south of, summit of grade northeast quarter sec 6, T 6 N , R 6 \V

Natchltoches ; grade, center of station . . ..... 

North Cypress Creek, L &A BRIUGE sec-.'), T 13N,R 7\\ , top of stringer

Plney Creek, L & A BRIDGE, sec 24, T 13 N , B 7 \V , north end, top of 

stringer

Pro vlncal, grade, center of btation .

Hed River, BOYCE PLANTATION, just below, pipestone bench near house of George 

"Johnson (colored)

 BUXTONS LENDING, pipe^tone bench oil J A Will'ams's plantation, east of 

house, 250 feet below mouth of Little River -

site lower end of Tiger Island

in yard^

Hed River Parish. Line, ground level, L R AN E R

Robellne, grade center of station . 

Saline BS;i.>ou, L R AN BRIDGE, top of stringer . . . .

South i'jprpso Creete, L <S. A BEIDGF, sec 10, T 11 N B 7 W , top ot stringer, 

north end '

Victoria, grade, center of station ...

OUACHITA PARISH

Cdllioun, 2 miles cast pf , loot bench m gum south of hack, 1,000 feet we&t of 

milcpost 84

 pipestone bench in C C Harris's yard, 150 feet south of track.. . .

Cliellipre; top of rail, centra of station . .

Cuba post-office. See under Ouachita .River 

l?ork«ville; top of rail, center of station . . .

Gordon station; pipestone bench in yard of L-shapcd cabin on Whitehead's plantation <

I>ogtown; high water, Ouachita .River, 1871 .

house

Authority

T & P. . . ..... .

L & A . .... 

L R & N. 

TAP... ... 

L R AN. 

L R AN. . . . . 

TAP . 

USE.... . .

0 R AK. 

O R AK. . .. . 

O R &K.. . 

TAP.. . 

L A A . 

L A A .

L A A 

TAP. 

USE.

USE . . . . 

USE 

USE.

USE 

USE 

USE 

L R AN 

L R AN . 

T &P 

L R A N . . 

I, A A 

L & A. - - 

L A A . . ... 

L A A. .....

I, A A .... . 

TAP. . .... . .

USE.. .

USE . . . . 

V ,S A P. . . 

V , S A P . . . 

USE .... .

V , S & P . . . 

USE.. .

USE.. 

USE

Class

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

K 

R 

P

R 

R 

R 

R 

K 

R

R 

K 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

E 

R 

R 

R 

R 

11 

B 

R 

R

R 

R

P

P 

R 

R 

P

R 

P

E 

P

Elevation

Feet 

105 

141 

153 7 

110 

112 7 

111 2 

253 4 

99 182

100 ± 

235 

326 

280 

118 

189 

198

180 

160 1 

121 162

92 242 

112 795 

99 182

112 796 

92 242 

114 13 

164 

Io7 7 

147 

116 2 

120 

112 

93 

192

181 

196

151 750

165 TO 

164 8 

08 9 

89 ()0(i

150 

64 d21

74 1 

71 077
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes ^n northern Louisiana Continued

375

Location

OUACHIT\ PARISH continued 

IWonroe; top of rail, center of station . . . . _

OIIIK hi(:i Jttiver, BAIOU BAKTIIOLOMI.W, 3,940 feet below mouth of, root bench 

in walnut 650 feet above storehouse

from right bank of bayou

nortll boundary of Refugio place 4

dwelling

ary of Terry place, 325 feet from left bank of river

last lane across "Thirteen-mile bend "

office building

Glendcra places, 1,500 feet from nvei

of Bayou de Siard, 300 feet east of river

left hank of 1 1\ er, 330 feet west from Lonewa place fence

east of old cabin

of lake, 500 feet from nvei at bight of bend.

West Monroe; pipestone bench ut southwest coiner of Cotton and Natehitoehes streets

Rivor 

Wliited; top of rail, center of station . .... ...

RAT IDES IARISH

Alexandria; ST L,I M &S BRIDGE, high water, 1892 . .

Ball spur; grade at milepost 629 .. 

Bayou JBoeuf, SE<- 11,T 3W ,R 11W , liank ..

Bayou I^atanler, L , R & N BRIDGE, grade 

Bayou Klgolets, L , R & N BRIDGE, grade - .... ...

Boyce; grade, center of station

house

1393 No. 46 06 26

Authority

V , S & P . .

USE 

USE 

USE.. 

USE.

n s E . -.

USE . 

U S K .. 

USE.

USE.

USE. 

USE.

USE. 

USE. . - 

USE 

USE.

USEUSE

USE 

USE . 

USE.. 

USE. 

USE 

USE 

V , S i P

USE 

USE.. 

L R &N 

T & P. .... . 

L R &N 

St L , I M <£. S. 

USE. . . 

USE. . - . 

St I. , I M & S 

A & W 

A & W 

L, R &N 

L,B iN.. ...... .

L , R & N . . . . .

T & P. .

USE.

USE.

Class

R 

P 

P

E 

E 

E 

E 

P 

P

P

P

E

P

E 

E 

E

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

R

E 

E 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P 

P 

R 

L 

L 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

E

Elevation

Feet 

89 4 

78 025 

71 527 

31 10 

80 77 

32 05 

31 10 

78 121 

88 590

74 96

103 314

77 03

74 356 

78 73 

77 98 

72 27

79 897 

81 093

103 314 

76 576 

78 968 

73 622 

75 568 

80 893 

75 5

83 36 

82 41 

94 9 

76 6 

75 8 

79 3 

73 690 

70 910 

145 5 

85 

130 

68 7 

88 1 

48 

889 

85 846

88 48
376 GEOLOGY AND UNDP:RGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

Location

RA PIPES PARISH continued 

Calcasien Hiver, SEC 17, T 2N,R 4 W , bed of river ....

CJienejville; grade, center of station . . 

Cypress Hayou (Bayou Comrade), SEr 10, T 2N,R 4 W , bank . . 

Plaeeoii Bajou, ST L,I M & S BRIDGE, grade ....

Forest Hill ..... 

Glemiiore. ... - - - - . - -

Grave] Hi]]; sec 19, T 3 N , R 2\V. . . ... 

Laniourie; grade, center of station . 

Latanier; grade, center of station 

Lceonipte grade, center of station . . . - 

Lena; grade, center of station . - - 

Levin station; grade at milcpobt 630 . 

Magd a; grade, centei of station. 

Moreland; grade, center of station 

Piiieville, west of, St L , I M AS crossing 

Poland* See under Red Ri\er 

Itapides; grade, renter of station

shanks division line

Red. Kiver, BO\CE, pipestone bench on right, at first angle in lane running 

southwest irom warehouse

tion, 105 feet west of levee

thicket side of fence

 HARRIS (C O ) PIANTATION, pipestone bench opposite Cannon's w oorl yard, 

105 feet west of levee

parish toad 40 fcot from levee

 NORMAISD LANDING, high watei, 1892 ... 

 ONCE MORE LANDING, high water, 1892 ....

 PEART'S PLANTATION See Grand Bend

in Geoige Wilson's horse lot

and Marye and Cruikshanks division lino

from dwelling 

 ST L , I M AS BRIDGE, giade . . ....

Kocky Bayou, L R A N BRIDGE grade .

Spring Creek, sec 6, T 2 N , R 3 W 

Tloga; grade at milcpost 630 . . . . 

Willow Glen; grade, center of station . . .... 

Woodsworth .... . . '

BED EIVER PARISH

Bienville Parisli line; grade S L B & S R R. ...... ...

Carrol];, grade, center of station . . ....

Authority

A & W. ... 

A & W - ... 

T &P. 

A A W. 

St L , I M & S 

St L , I M & S . 

K C , W & G 

K C , W & 0 . 

L ,R AN .. 

A &W 

T & P 

L R A N 

T A P. 

TAP 

St L , I M <L S 

L R A N .. 

TAP 

LEAN.. . . .

TAP-...

USE... .

USE.. 

USE. 

USE

USE 

USE

USE

USE 

USE 

USE 

USE

USE.. 

USE. 

U.S E

St L , I M & S . 

USE. . 

LEAN . . 

L R &N 

A & W ... 

St L , I M & S 

TAP 

K C , W A G ...

St L,,B & S. . 

L R & N...

L R & N .

Class

L 

L 

R 

L 

RJ 

 R 

R 

R 

R 

L 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R

R 

P

P 

P 

P

K 

P

P

E 

E 

E 

P

P 

P 

P

R

E 

R 

R 

L 

R 

R 

R

R 

R 

R

Elevation

Feet 

145 

100 

63 7 

11)0 

130 6 

127 6 

170 

U8 

89 

190 

B8 9 

68 7 

75 4 

lid 8 

148 B 

()2 2 

78 9 

103 8

81) 6 

78 442

85 846 

72 481 

71 078

70 89 

72 481

66 293

72 60 

 iO 38 

70 07 

60 846

. SO 846 

78 442 

70 406

05 4 

83 3 

95 1 

71 

200 

148 6 

SO 4 

88

223 , 

147 7 

138 7
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes, in northern Louisiana Continued

377

Location

KED RIVFR PAKISH continued

rioiiKli.Klu; high water, Ked River, 1892 . ... . ....

 grade center of station. . ......

 pipestone bench in court-house vard . . ..

 pipestone bench in yard of Methodist Church. ....

CrlcIUon station; grade, center of station ...

 high water, Red River, 1892

Desarc station; grade, center of station ... . . ...

ISa&t Point; grade, center of station

Grand Bayou, SECS 16-21, T 14 N , R 9 W, bank.. .....

 SEC 4, T 13 N , R 9 W , bank.

\~.nA

________ DCQ . . . . .........

 SFC 32, T 13 N , R 9 W bank . 

 bed ....... . . .

 OLIVER BRIDGE (ABOUT srr 32, T 13 N , R 9 W), top of floor of bridge

 high water ...

Hope; grade, center of station

Howard post-office; pipestone bench near cabin, 100 feet southwest oi residence and 650 feet south of gin

 high water, Red River, 1892..

Kenilworth; grade, center of station . .

Lake End po*st-ofiicc; pipestone bench back of cabin 2 000 feet southeast of

Lake End landing, 1,000 feet from bank

Ijockwood station* grade, center of station ...

liogST Bayou; L R & N BRIDGE, top of stringer

 bank ...

 bedofbayou. . . .... 

 Sec under Red Rn er

JVatcliitoches Parish line; ground level, L R i N R R

 grade, L R & N R R

Nicholas Bayou, L R &. N BRIDGE, top ol stringer . .

Ked River, BELL (Tnos ) PLANTATION, pipestone bench in yard

 CRICHTON PLANTATION, pipestone bench in yard of two cabins at sharp bend,

1,300 feet below residence

 LOGGY BAIOU, high water, Red Rner, 1892

 root bench in ehmaberry at mouth of bajou

 pipestone bench in yard of Thomas Bell . .

 STRINOFEI LOW PLANTATION, pipestone bench near cabin 100 feet southwest

of residence, G5fl feet south of gin

 UPPER BROWNVILLE PLANTATION, pip'estone bench buck of cabin 2,000 feet

southeast of Lake End landing, 1,000 feet from bank

Wilson station; grade, center of station . .......

RICHLAND PARISH

Alto, 0 6 mile cast of, root bench m pin oak in front of Thomason residence, south

side of Archihald-Alto road

 pipe-flange bench m southwest corner of jard of E II Cook, 65 feet from

Boeuf River

 zero of Boeuf River gage. . . ...

 low water Boeuf Ki\er, 1899 . . .

 high water Boeuf Ruer, 1882 . . . .... .

 high water Boeuf River, 1892

Alto-Arcliib^ld ru.ul. See Archibald- Alto road

Alto-Cliarlievilleroad, ADILECHURCH (COLORED), 130 feetwestof, root bench 

in sweet gum on north side of road

_____ TTATjr »wn "FrlTI.n niTAf-flnrifrn hpnuh tit n^thnrnot nr\rnf,r nf ^i-m-n

Authority

USE. ...

L R & N

USE.

USE

L R A. N

L R & N v

L R & N .

L R & N .

St L , B & S .

St L , B & S

St L , B & S 

St L, B & S

St L , B & S 

St L, B & S.

St L , B d. S

L R & N

USE.

USE

L R & N

USE.

L R & N .

L R & N . .

L R & N .

L R &N ... . .

L R &N

L R & N . .

L R &N

USE

USE

USEUSE

USE.

USE..

U S E.I

St L , B & S '. ....

USE.

USE

USE...

U S E...

USE.

USE. ...

USE . . . .

TT Q T?

Class

E

R

p

p

R

R

-R

R

L

L

L 

L

L 

L

L

R

P

E 

R

P

R

R

R 

R

R

R

R

P

P

E '

P

P

P

P

R

P

P

E

E

ill

P

T)

Elevation

Feet

135 07

144 7 

132 242

133 033

139 7

141 7

148 7

144 7

186

174

165 

149

142 

148 7

148 8

145 7

141 374

148 84 

129 7

126 431

1J9 7

152 7

1 4S ito

126

164

157 7

129 7

1 43 77S

1 *}7 7Tfi ioi f oO

146 48

143 748

143 778

141 374

120 431

211

72 345

( 7-3 983

n-20 28

54 70

72 76

72 47

73 178

 71 OTO

a See note, p 14
378 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

Location

RirHLAND PARISH continued

Alto-eiiarllevllle road, MOUNT ZION CHUBCII, 500 feet south of, root bench 

on cow oak on west side of lane, 15 feet east of cypress swamp

side of lane ^ 

Archibald; pipe-flange bench in northwest cornerof }ard of J J Archibald, 100 

feet southeast of station

feet southeast of cabin

Arcliibald-AHo road, HtMLEY (Wsi i PLACE, opposite southeast corner of 

root bench in black oik on south side of road

oak on south side of road

road

Bayou Ma«»i; V , S & P CRobsiNG, pipestone (pipe gone) bench on west 

bank of bayou near railroad bridge 125 feet south of track, 40 feet from 

bayou

Bee Bajou; top of rail, center of station .... . .

Big Creek, N O & N W CROSMNO, root bench in sweet gum west of track,, 

150 feet north of end of trestle

Bocuf River, ADILE CHURCH, 130 foot west of, root bench in sweet gum on 

north side of road

 CHARLIEVILLE, root bench in walnut in front of warehouse . . 

 HARLAND FIELD, pipe-flange bench at northwest corner ol store

residence of Frank Hatch

 OPPOSITE LANDEENAU, pipe-flange bench 130 feet east of Green Grove Church.

 MCINTOSH pi ACE, root bench in sweet gum on bank of river, 650 feet below 

residence of R Melntosh 

 MUDDY BA^OU, pipc-dange bench on left top bank

from Holly Grove Landing

 Point Jefferson, high water, 1892

 STOKES PLACF, pipc-dange bench 130 feet from river, 500 feet below residence

 V , S £. P CROSSING, pipcstonc bench on east bank 1 5 miles east of Girard, 

230 feet south of track

BurKe Million; pipe-flange bench 105 feet east of track, 30 feet north of road 

Carpenter station; pipestone bench in yard of cabin opposite railroad platform 

Obarlieville; root bench in walnut in front of warehouse

residence 

 high water, Boeuf River, 1882 .. . ... ...

Crew Lake; pipestone bench in garden northwest of -station, 75 feet from track 

 top of rail, center of station . .. ... 

Dclbi; pipestone bench in W T Insley's yard, 65 feet east of Catholic Church yard

store

Authority

USE. 

USE. 

USE 

USE 

USE 

USE 

USE .

USE.. 

USE..

v , s & p. ..

USE 

USE

USE . 

USE. 

USE 

U S E....

USE 

USE.

USE..

USE.. 

USE.

N O & N W 

USE 

USE 

USE.. 

USE.. 

USE..

USE.. 

USE. 

USE.. 

USE.

USE.. 

USE.. 

USE. . . 

V , S &P ... 

USE. 

V , S <t P 

USE. .... 

USE.. 

USE... . . 

USE. .. ...

U Q 17

Class

P 

P

r 

p 

p 

r 

p

p 

p

R

r 

p

p 

p 

p 

p

p 

p 

p

E 

P

R 

E 

E 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

E 

E 

P 

R 

P 

R 

E 

E 

E 

E 

P

Elevation

Feet 

73 149

75370 

76 870 

77 601 

73 191 

73 855 

72 345

7,3 073 

74 211

88 

72 221

73 178

73 983 

09 898 

71 878 

70 147

70 288 

68 412 

66 680

55 84 

07 598

80 

93 14

72 282 

72 443 

SO 023

75 639 

86 392 

69898 

72 282

70 24 

68 93 

67 449 

76 7 

94 307 

97 9 

88 28 

84 28 

49 80 

50 62 

96 390

i See note, p 14
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

379

Location.

HIGHLAND PARISH continued.

"bank of bayou, 980 feet south of house.

of road.

of track.

SABINE PARISH.

Cllristie, 2 iniles north of; rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 045.............

milepost 646.

of milepost 046.5

of milepost 648.

south of milepost 648.5.

of milepost 650.

of milepost 651.

 ' bed of bavou. ..........................................................

Authority.

U. S.E. ..............

U. S.E...............

U. S.E...............

U. S. E...............

U. S. E. .

U. S.E...............

U. S.E.......... . .

U. S.E...............

U. S.E..

V.,S. & P............

U. S.E...............

U. S.E...............

U. S. E. .........

U. S.E..........

U. S.E...............

U. S.E...............

ys.o.&ys.w ........

V.,S.&P. ...........

U. S.E...............

TJ S F

K.C.S...... .........

K. C. S...............

K.C.S...............

K. C.S.. .............

K.C.S...............

K.C.S............... 

K.C.S...............

K.C.S...............

K.C.S...............

K.C.S...............

K.C.S...............

K p a

K C S

K.C.S...............

K.C.S...............

K. C. S ...............

Class.

' P

P

P

P

P

E

E

E

E

R

P

P

P

R

P

P

P

H

P

P

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

P 

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

R

R

Elevation.

Feet.

81.763

90.985

87.864

80.05

52.16

53.74

52.88

87.3

79.197

86. 224

80.023

90.9

84. 998

68. 412

74. 029

80.4

85.9

80.317

87.959

206

201

194

182

212

203

190

212. 09 

204.78

207.22

215.59

320.56

190
380 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OP LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

Location

SABINF. PARISH continued

Converse, 4 miles north ot, rail-end bench 50 feet south of third telegraph pole 

south of milepost 606

south of milepost b07 5

milepost 608

mil( post 608 5

 1 mile south of, rail-end bench 30 feet north of milepost 611 . .

south of milepost Oil 5

imlcpost 012

of east pier, watei tank »

Cross Lake, K C S CROSSING, top of lail opposite milepo^t 555 . .

E^tes Bayou, K C S CROSSING top of rail at south end of bi ulge

Fl&her, 0 8 mile noith of, rail-end benuh 12 feet southwest of fii st tele-graph pole 

south of milepost 638

milepost Od8 5

of milepost 0.39

Florleii, 2 3 miles north of , rail-end bench do teet north of milepost 640 - -

of milepobt 640 5

 0 8 mile north of, rail-end bench 20 feet southwest of milepost 641 5

,of milepobt 042

milepost 643 5

south of milepost 644

Harpoon Rayon, K C S CROSSING, top of rail at north end of bridge . . .

La INaiin Cayoiu K U S CROSSING, top of rail at north end of bridge. .

Lorlllg, 1 mile, north of, r,iil-cnd bench 70 feet north of milepost 624 f,

milepost 625

Authority

K U S....

K C S. .. 

K C S. . . 

K C S

K C S. . . . 

K C S. .

K C S 

K C S. 

K C S. . 

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S 

K OS..

K 0 S . .

K C S. . .

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S. 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S . . .

K C S 

/

K C S . . . 

K C S. . .

K C S.. 

K C S. 

K C S . .

1C C S . . 

K 0 S. 

K C S. .

K C S. 

K C S 

K C S

K C S . .. .

K C S . ... 

K C S ... 

K C S. . 

K C S . . . 

K C S 

K C S. . .... . 

K C S. . . 

K C S. . 

K C S.. . . .

Class

P

P 

P 

P

F 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

K 

B 

K 

B 

E 

E 

R 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P

r 

p 

p

p 

p 

p

p 

p

R 

E 

E 

R 

R 

E 

P 

P

Elevation

Feet 

223 52

224 85 

220 10 

220 23

211 66 

215 28

200 21 

214 96 

210 57 

213 01 

211 28 

207 41 

103 76

193 58 

101 80

184 29 

182 

163 

178 

154 50 

108 

191 

185 

361 00

341 87 

d24 dO

d04 44 

2H6 05 

289 42

273 07 

271 32 

255 91

2oO 10 

234 07 

229 05

234 23

222 59 

212 

210 

194 

230 

230 

216 

271 57 

266 07
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA. 

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

381

Location

SABINE PARISH continued 

Ijoring, rail-end bench SOfeetnorthofsecond telegraph polenorthofniilcpost 625 5

south of milepost 62fi

post 026 5

south of milepost 527

many, 5 S miles north of, rail-end bench 8 loot west of first telegraph pole south of 

milepost 627 5

south of milepost 028

milepost 028 5

milepost 020

 38 miles north of, rail-end bench 40 fret north of second telegraph pole south 

of milepost 620 5

 2 3 miles north of rail-end bench 18 feet southwest of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 031

milepost 632

of west pair of \\ater tanks

milepost 634 5

milepost 035

milepobt 635 5

milepost 636 ,5 

 37 miles south of, rail-tnd bench 15 feet northwest of first telegraph polo 

north of milepost 037

Maiiy-Neareet road, CHRROIL PLACE, loot bench in oak in center of road, 

southwest of house

14, T 6 N , R 12 W , 10-penny nail in top of foundation block at northwest 

corner of church

MldklfFBayoii, K C S CROSSING, top of rail at north end of bridge.

Negreet, NFOREET CHURCH loot bench in twin pin oak west of road, 100 feet 

southwest of church, cross blazed above bench

Naslis Mill Creek, K C S CROSSING, north end of bridge, top of rail

NoT>le, 2 9 miles north of, rail-end bench 15 feet southwest of milepost 613 5

milepost 614

 1 9 miles north of, rail-end bench 18 feet northwest of second telegraph pole 

south of milepost 614 5

Authority

~l 

K C S .. 

K C S .

K C S.

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S. 

K C S.. . . .

K C S 

K C S . 

K C S

K C S . 

K C S .

K C S 

K C S -

K r s

K C S 

K C S

K C S 

K C S

K r s . .

K C S 

K C S .

K r s

K C S 

Vcatch

Vealch 

Veateh

Veatch - 

K C S.. 

K C S 

Veatch

Veatch 

K r S 

K C S. 

K C S . 

K C S ..

K C S

Class

P

r 

P

f

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

K 

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P

P

L

L 

L

L

K 

P 

L

L 

E 

P 

P 

P

P

Elevation

Feet 

282 89 

271 97

274 21 

208 31 

288 31 

200 09 

206 21 

239 71 

229 36

21(1 82 

224 70 

226 71

210 01 

213 11

210 91 

234 22 

239 

239 92 

237 OS

238 55 

259 25 

283 87

302 70 

327 15

349 75

371 95 

247

2S6 

235

210 i 

351 7 

331 

200

207 

218 64 

201 5 

185 15 

WO 32

207 95
382 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in southern Arkansas Continued

Location

SABINE PARISH continued

Noble, 1 4 miles north of, Mill-end bench 12 feet west of first telegraph pole south ot 

milepost 615

of mile-post 615 5

of mllcpost 616 5

south of milepost 617

north of milepost 617 5

milepost 618

milepost OKI

Plymouth; top of rail, 0 2 milo noith of milopost G24. .

Salt Patricc Siayou, K r S CEOSMNO, 040 feet north of milepost 013, top of 

rj.il at end of bridge

Sodug; grade, center of station. .. . ..... ...... ... 

Zivolle, 2 2 miles north of, nil-end bench 90 feet north of milepost 019 5 

 1 7 miles north of, rail-end bench 90 feet north of milepost 020 . .

milepost 622

of milepost 02d

milepost fi23 S

TENSAS PAKISH

.Mississippi River, DUCK POND PLANTATION, copper bolt in brick chimney 

of ginhouse

south of Lake St Joseph

B M ," about loO feet southwest of Mrs Morelaml's house

 PANOLO PIANTATION, copper bolt in brick chimney of ginhouse

 RIVERSIDE PLANTATION, copper bolt in east chimney of dwelling .

trance of Capt E L Whitney's residence

150 feet from main levee 

 WAVELAND PLANTATION, copper bolt in brick chimney of ginhouso .... 

New l/ilili t, pipe-flange bench in northeast corner of yard of James R Lynch, 30 

feet from river

New Jjiglit-Como road, south side of, root bench in white oak SOO feet 

west of Hearing Bayou

Authority

K C S..

K C S 

K 0 S

K C S. ...... .

K C S . . . 

K C S . . 

K C S. .

TiP ....

K C S 

K C S.... . . .

K C S . 

K C S.. . .. . 

TiP 

K C S 

K C S .. . 

K C S ..... 

K C S 

K C S . . 

K C S 

K C S

K C S . . .... 

K C S . . .

K C S. 

K C S. .

U S C & G S. ......

U S C & O S . ...

U S C & G S . . .. 

U S C & G S

U S C & G S . .. 

U S C d G S. 

U S C & G S . ... 

U S C & G S . 

U S C & G S. . .

u s c <s. o s ...

U S C & G S.

u s o i o s . . .

USE. 

USE . . .. ..

Class

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

H 

R 

R

R 

H 

R 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P 

R 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

r 

p

p

Elevation

Feet. 

232.71

251 01

267 83

277 67

253.22 

229 38 

222 73

217 41 

202 05

284 6 

277 G 

192

177 

184 

284.6 

196 68 

177 97 

171 45 

178 09 

198 35 

200 63 

186 00

189 45 

204 90

230.90 

248 58

76.035 

79094

72 472 

09 282

71 617 

81 692 

87779 

83 326 

70972

67 203 

67803

78219 

71 719

58329
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA. 383

Altitudes in northern Louisiana continued

1

Location

TENSAS PAKISH continued

New liiglal-Como road, south faide of, root bench in pin oak 325 foot from 

Cross Bayou

west of cabin

Teiisa«j River, MYEK PLACE, root bench in pecan opposite mouth of Mound 

Bayou, 260 feet west of cabin

260 feet west of cabin on Myer place

UNION PARISH

Haj ou Cornle, A S CROSSING, top of rail .... . ...

old warehouse

Il.iyoii B'Arbonne, Cox FERRY, root bench m post oak on right bank below 

inouth of slough

Bernlce; top of rail, center of station . . ...

Cox Ferry. See under Bayou D'Arbonne

F.irmervi]le, pipe-flange bench m northwest corner of court-house yard.

Farmewilie-Port Union road, Colson post-office load junction, root 

bench in conspicuous red oak on top of lull

to EC hels Ford

cabins in Held

fec-t bouth of cabin

in small swale

Jo feet e<ist of small branch

Slack's house

road

of dwelling

feet north of road

of hill

corner of house of John Ward

erville, Ouachita City, and Port Union roads

Authority

USE 

USE 

USE

USE 

USE

USE.. 

USE

USE..

AS.... . .

AS... 

USE.. ...

USE. .. 

USE. 

USE

USE ... 

USE . . 

USE 

AS. .... 

AS..

USE 

USE . . . . 

USE*...

USE... 

USE.

USE 

USE

USE. 

USE 

USE.

USE 

USE

USE. 

USE. . . .

USE ... 

USE . . . 

USE. ... 

USE. . . .

Class

P 

P 

P

P 

P

E 

E 

P

K 

R 

E 

P

E 

E 

P

E 

E 

P 

E 

E

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

Elevation

Feet 

61 770

08 583 

08 583

71 383 

68 583

72 21 

22 83. 

71 719

106 

101 

79 

75 846

83 85 

84 08 

65 722

82 97 

72 60 

70 583 

226 

239

70 583 

179 459 

182 087

181 112 

153 293

135 173 

97 513

149 031 

155 420 

156 740

175 370 

110 653

156 740 

118 631

118 235 

131 293

181 383 

* 

179 045
384 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes ^n northern Louisiana Continued

Location

UNION PARISH continued

Farmvllle-Port Union road, root bench in post oak on north side of roid 

250 feet west of fork of lower and middle roads to Port Union

Junction City. . ... 

Llllle... . . 

JTIitfdle Fork, A S CROSSING, top of mil . .

Ouaclilta Mlver, ARKANSAS-LOUISHNA STATE LINE, pipe-flange bench 292 feet 

from right bank, 2,000 feet below small cabin on left bank

 ALA.BAMA LANDING, pipestone bench on road, 150 feet southwest of store .

 FiRHTRtP SHOALS, 1 050 feet below, 2fi2 feet west of river.

 MiLLBA"Vou, pipestone bench on left bank 800 feet above mouth

 SHILOH SHOALS, 050 feet above, pipestonc bench 300 feet west of river 

JPort Union; pipe-flange bench in E C Webb's jard, 200 feet from river. 

Randolpli .... 

Kyail . . . ...

Scotts Bluff". See under Bayou Cornie 

Steins Kliiff". See under Bayou Cornie

VliKNOI, PARISH

Barliani, 0 3 mile north of, rail-end bench £0 feet north of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 6S3

 0 7 mile south of rail-end bench 40 feet north of milepost 654 

Bayou Castor, K C S CRobSiNG, top of rail opposite milepost 670 5 .

Bayou Zourte, K C S CROSSING, top of rail opposite nnlepobt 075

 bed of ( hannel . ... 

Bin tons (Palmetto) Creek; sec J3, T 2 N , 11 7 TV 

Calcasleu Pari&li line; rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 08b 5

Cooper; bench mark on northwest comer of east plate, north pedestal of west 

pair, water tank

Ea&t li'Aiiacoco Bayou, K C S CROSSING, top of rail opposite milepost 060 5

Flat Creek, K C S BRIDGF, bed of creek. .

Hawtliorne, 0 8 mile north of, rail-end bench 12 feet northwest of first telegraph pole north of milepost GO:! 5

 station, 0 2 mile south of rail-end bench 10 feet w est of milepost 004 5 ... 

 0 7 mile south of, rail-enil bench 18 feet west of milepost 005 

Hornfoeck,a 0 5 mile north of. rail-end bench 10 feet west of milepost 051 5 ... 

 depot, at center, top of rail 

 bench mark on northwest cast plate, north pedestal, water tank 

 0 5 mile south of, rail-end bem h, 40 feet north ot milepost 052 5 

IjeewIIle, 2 8 miles north of rail-end bench 12 feet northwest of milepost MM 5

north of milepost 000 5

Authonty

USE..

AS .... 

AS. 

AS 

AS... 

AS 

USE.

USE. . . 

USE.. 

U S F .. . 

USE. 

U S E.. 

USE. 

USE. . 

USE.. 

U S F . 

A S. 

A S

K C S ..

K C S . .

K r s

K C S 

K C S . 

K C S . 

K C S. . 

K C S 

K C S .. 

A <$. W 

K C S 

K C R.

K C S 

K C S . . . 

K C S 

K C S 

K C S

K C S.. .. 

K C S 

K C S .... . 

K C S. . 

K C S .... . 

K C S . .

K o a

K C S . ..

K C S ...

Class

P

E 

II 

E 

H 

E 

K

P 

E 

P 

P 

P 

E 

E 

P 

P 

E 

R

P

P 

P 

K 

R 

R 

E 

H 

II 

L 

P 

P

E 

E 

K 

E 

P

F 

P 

P 

P 

E 

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

Elevation

Fret 

107 025

104 

120 

114 3 

100 

96 

64 56

69 477 

85 79 

09 511 

55 826 

71 391 

84 94 

-20 2S 

50 044 

84 S69 

U3 

112

301 40

201 35 

297 94 

211 

204 5 

1945 

210 

201 

185 

250 

177 71 

212

252 

242 

230 

172 

268 50

200 56 

243 2(j 

230 47 

326 13 

310 14 

317 01 

311 34 

240 90 

200 73 

273 72

a See also Christie, Sabine Parish
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

385

Location

I*ee

 

Nea

 

 

VEENON PAEISH continued

svllle, 1 3 miles north of, rail-end bench 12 feet southwest of fifth telegraph 

pole north of milepost 667

-08 mile north of, rail-cnd bench 12 feet southwest of second telegraph pole 

north of milepost 007 5

-03 mile north of, rail-end bench 25 feet north of first telegraph pole north of 

milepost 668

- depot, at center, top of rail ..

of milepost 069 5

south of nulejiost 070

of milepost 671 

-32 miles south of, rail-end bench 105 feet south of milepost 671 5

of milepost 072

north of milepost 672 5

me, 2 7 miles north of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of fourth telegraph pole 

south of nnlepofat 677

milepost 677 5

of milepost 078

-07 mile north of, rail-cnd bench ST feet north of milepost 679 .

of milepost 670 5 

-03 mile south of, rail-end bench 10 feet north of milepoit OSO 

-08 mile south of, lail-end bench 7 leet west of milepost 080 5 

-13 miles south of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milepost 081

of nulcpobt 6§r 5 ". « « u . ^u,s L- i T

Orange, 4 miles north of, rail-end bench 10 feet west of first telegraph pole north 

of milepost 654 5

 3 5 miles north of, bench mark on northwest corner of present top step, end 

of north abutment bridge A 055

 miles north of, rail-end bencli 10 feet west of milepost 055 5.

 2 5 miles north of, rail-end bench 45 feet south of first telegraph pole south 

of milepost 650

 

of irlilepofat 656 5

south of milepost 057

of milepost 057 5

north of milepost 058

of milepost 659

- 1 5 miles south of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of milepost 660 .

of milepost GbO.5.

Authority

K C S .. . . 

K C S 

K C S. .

K C S 

K C S . 

K C S 

K C S

K C S .

K C S.. 

K C S

K C S 

K C S

K C S .

K C S 

K C S 

K 0 S 

K C S .

K C S 

K C S

K C S 

K C S 

K C S.

K C S 

K C S . . 

K C S 

K C S ..

K C S 

K C S

K C S .

K C S.

K C S 

K C S .. 

K C S 

K C S

K C S . 

K 0 S

K C S .. 

K C S 

K C S. .

Class

P 

P 

P

R 

P 

P 

P

P

P 

P

P 

P

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P

P 

P 

P

Elevation

Feet. 

274 83

257 70 

234 85

235 

233 22 

225 38 

215 68

215

200 33 

222 47

239 04 

256 20

253 19

245 04 

255 79 

244 45 

283 46

297 74 

321 U5

304 72 

279 60 

272 73

274 97 

256 89 

250 30 

239 52

297 05 

277 20

302 47 

33 84

34S 07 

276 05 

365 

343 30

338 05 

314 30

294 73 

268 78 

251 50
386 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LOUISIANA AND ARKANSAS.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued

location

VERNON PARISH continued 

Orange, 2 5 miles south of, rail-end bench 8 feet west of rmlepost 661 . .

 3 5 miles, south of, rail-end bench 25 feet southwest of first telegraph pole 

north of milepost 662

south of inilepost 662 5

Palmer (ST TOHNS ') CREEK sec 30, T 2 N , R 7 W .... 

Pickeriiig, 0 6 mile north of, rail-end bench 105 feet north of milepost 675 5 .

of milupost 676

of milepost C7C 5 

Prairie Creek; sec 13, T 3 N , R 9 W

Rose Pine, 1 7 miles north of, rail-end bench 45 feet south of third telegraph 

pole south of milepost 6S2

of milepost 682 5

south of milrpost 68^ v 

 1 8 miles south of, rail-end bench 40 feet soutli of milepobt 6S5 5

Safoliie Kl\ er, 1 MILE SOUTH OF TOLEDO, water level, November 16, 1902.

Sandy Creek; sees 9-10, T L' N R 11 W .. . . 

Sayles Branch, K C S CROSSING, 1,200 feet north of milepost 670, top of rail

West L.'Ai»ar ooo Bayou, K C S CROSSING, top of rail, middle of bridge..

West Fork 1,'Anacoco Bay. .11; sec 23, T 3 N , R 10 W

Woll Creek, K C S CROSSING, rail-end bench 15 feet northwest of milepost 686

WEBSTEE PAEIMI

Arkansas-Louisiana Male line, L <S. A R R .

JCiiyon Bod ( H.II, WEST or SPRINU HILL, high water ... . ...

Brushy Bayou, S , L B &S BEIDUH, top of rail ..... ... . .

Cotton Valley; grade, center of station ... ... 

IJorolieat Bayou, L &A CROSSING, top of stringer of bridge.. ...

track 

IJoyline.. . ......

 pipestone bench in Doyle's field southwest of station.... ...... ..

Authority

K C S... .. . 

K C S.. 

K C S... .....

K C S ...

K C S.. ... 

A & W. . . . 

1C C S ... 

K C S ... .

K C S... .

A & W. . 

K C S . 

K C S .... 

K C S .. 

K C S .... . .

K C S . ....

K C S ..... 

K C S .... . .. 

K C S . .. ... 

K C S .. 

K C S .. .

K C S.....

K 0 S 

K C S .. . . 

A & W. 

A & W . . 

A & W 

A & W . . ... 

K C S ..... . 

K 0 S .. 

K C S 

K C S .... 

K C S. ... . 

A & W. .... . . 

K C S ... . . .

L & A . .. . . 

L &. A. . .... 

L & A 

S , L B & S . . . . 

S , L B & S.. . 

L & A. ..... 

L & A.. ... ... 

L & A . .....

L & A .... ... ....

USE.. .. ..... 

V, S &P..._ .....

U S E. ...... . .. . 

U S E.... ... .. .

Class

P 

P 

P

P

P 

L 

P 

P

P

L 

R 

K 

R 

P

P

P 

P 

P 

P 

P

P 

P 

P 

L 

L 

L 

L 

R 

R 

R 

R 

11 

L 

P

R 

11 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

P

R 

P 

P

Eleiation

Feet 

267 68 

298 80 

286 21

299 77

289 62 

260 

215 96 

223 51

250 63

280 

237 

229 

217 5 

222 06

208 29

210 

224 63 

222 18 

204 31 

177 70

179 88 

107 86 

177 71 

90 

110 

220 

160 

215 

109 

201 5 

281 5 

260 

230 

167 86

250 

174 

164 

154 

156 

171 

233 

168 

143 

140 911

227 

202 495 

223 224
ALTITUDES IN LOUISIANA.

Altitudes in northern Louisiana Continued.

387

Location

WEBSTER PARISH continued v.

Heflln; grado, renter of station .... 

Hortman; grade, center of station . . . .... ... 

I*auc«sville. See Sihley 

lee WrigHt Creek, L & A BRIDGE, sec 34, T IS N , R 9 W ,top of strmgei

long Springs; grade, center of station ..... 

JVCiitdeii; grade, center of station. 

Savepta; grade, center of station .

S & f bridge, 05 fret south of track 

Spring Hill; grade, center of station 

Yellow Pine; head block, sawmill spur .. . .

WINN FARI&1I

Big Creek, A S CEOSSING, top of rail, north end bf bridge . . ... 

Calvin station; grade, center of station . 

Carter; grade, (.enter of station . ... 

Uodsoii; top of rail, center of btation . .....

Dugdeniona Bayou, A S CROSSING, top of rail

Grant Pari«»li line; grade, LEANER. 

Jackson Parish, line; grade, A S 11 R . > .

Keisclic Creek, L, & A CROSSING, sen 8, T 11 N , R 3 W , top ot stringer, 

north end of bridge

lyles Branch, A R CROSSING, ser 5, T 13 S R 3 VC bridge top of rail . 

Patkton; grade, center of station.. 

Port luce B<tyou, L <t A BRIDGE, top of stringer ..... . .

Pyburn station; grade .... 

Saline Bayou, L & A BRIDGE, top of stringer..

Sonnet Bayou, L & A BRIDGE, sec 15, T 11 N , R 2 W , top ol stringer

St. Maurice; high water, 1892. ... . . .

Taiineliill station; grade. ...... . ... ... 

Winnnelu1 ; grade, center of station

Authority

USE ... 

V , S & P 

L &. A . 

L & A .

L & A . . 

L i A 

L &A.. . 

L & A . 

L & A . 

V , S & P . 

L & A 

USE 

U S E...

L & A 

S , L B & S. . .

A S. 

L &A 

L & A 

A S . 

A S 

A S. 

A S 

A S. 

A H 

L E &N 

AS 

L & A

L & A 

A S 

L A. A 

L & A 

L & A 

A S 

A S 

A S. 

A R 

A S 

L & A 

L & A 

L & A 

L & A 

L & A. 

USE.. 

USE... 

A S 

A S 

L & A . 

L R & N 

L & A ...

Class

P 

R 

R 

R

E 

R 

E 

R 

E 

R 

E 

P 

P

E 

E

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

H 

E 

E

E 

R 

E 

E 

K 

E 

K 

E 

E 

E 

H 

R 

K 

R 

E 

E 

P 

E 

K 

R 

E 

E

Elevation

Feet 

255 943 

253 9 

274 

1S3

182 

169 

176 

181 

251 

195 4 

193 

IbS 980 

140 911

251 

192 S

142 

173 

173 

211 6 

142 

171 2 

110 

Of, 

82 

164 

170 

122

118 

101 4 

102 

115 

101 

100 

96 

92 

86 

211 

120 

11L' 

93 

116 

105 

107 87 

107 688 

123 

124 

113 

115 

123

GENERAL INDEX.

Abbeville, La-Monticello, Ark, section through, ligure showing 51 

Acknowledgments to those aiding. - . 145 

Acme, La , elevation at. 365 

Action sp , occurrence of .... . 243,244,272

Adams County, Miss , wells in . 224-225 

Aid, steamer, removal of Great Baft l>y, view of . 60

(PI XXIX)

Alabama, geology in, references to 22,31, .33,34,35,3fi 

Alabama Landing-Bed Kiver fault Ste Bed RiverAlabama Landing fault

Albany Point, La , elevation at . 307

Alberta, La, elevation at . . - 355

Alden Bridge, La , elevations at and near . 356

wells at . . 70 (PI XXXVII), HI, 200-201,283

Aldncli, T II , and Smith, E A , on Grand Gulf beds. 42

Aldnchiellaelegans, figure showing . 3S (PI XX)

Alexander, Ark , well at . 194-195,275-276

Alexandria,, La , deflection of lied Kiver near 59,02-03

deflection of Red River near, map showing . 03

elevations at . . 375

rapids nenr ... . . - 50,^3-04

waterworks at . 92,210-217,306-307 

wells at.. . ... 48,70 (PI XXXVII),

86,130,134,130,138,140, 143,210-219,300-100 

head in, effect of pumping on, figure showing 307 

v water level in, effect of pumping on, figure

showing.. . . 307

Alexandria and Western Railroad, elevations on 327 

Alexton, La , elevation at. ... 371

Allhrook, Ark wells at . 2V24,109,172-173, 252-2,53

Alleenc, Ark , elevations at and near . . 345

wells at . . 170-177

Alien, La, springs at... . . .83,214-215

Allendale, La , elevation at . 370 

Allengreen, La , elevations at . . 371 

Allentown, La , well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 111, 143,200-201 

Allis station, Ark , elevation at . ... 341

Alluvium, character and water-bearing value of 16,75 

Altheimer, Ark , elevation at .... . 341

Altitudes, dictionary of . . 327-387

dictionary of, abbreviations used in . . 335

scope of .... . 10

Sec also Elevations, particular plates, etc 

Alto, La , elevations at and near .. . 377 

American Well and Prospecting Company, section by. 2(55 

Amos Bayou, Ark , elevations on 340 

Amos Bayou station, Ark , elevation at. . 340 

Ampullinopsis mississippiensis, figure of .42 (PI XXIII) 

Analyses of water .. . . 240,242,

240,249,250,251,253,254,255,258-239, 201, 

263, 204,2fi7,270,279-280,282,283,208,302, 

304, 305, 313, 314,315,310, 317, 318,320,321

[For well data by names of owners see following index ]

Anam is, La , elevations near. - - 

Anderson, Charles, section by. 

Andcrson, Ark , wall at . 

Anderson County, Tex , wells in..

Page

357

. . 310,316

110,118,154-155

228-230,319

Anderson Saline, Tex , dome at, fossils from . . 30

Vndromeda eoligmtica, figure showing 34 (PI XVII)

pfaffiana, figure showing... . . . 24 (PI V11I)

Angelma-Caldwcll flexure, development of .. 10, 44, 51, 68 

dip of, view of . 42 (PI XXTT) 

movement on, shoals produced by, view of . 58

(Fl XXVIII)

Angelina County, Tex , wells in . . 228-230

Angelina River, Tex , shoals and rapids on 14, 59,64-65

well at 228-229,319

Annona, Tex , Annona dialk at . 25

Annona chalk, character of 10 (table), 25-20,75

contact of Brownstown formation and, view

of . 28 (PI XII)

correlation of . 19

distribution of . . 22,25

map showing. .. . Pocket (PI III)

fossils of, figures showing 2fi (Pis X, XI)

occurrence ot, in w ells . 124,202,254,259,200,205

section of . . . 2G

figures showing . . 24,

pocket (PI III), 70 (PI XXXVII)

w atcr-bearmg \ alue of . ... 7o

Anomia ephippoides, figures showing 30 (PI XIX)

occurrence of 37,322

Ansley, La , elevation at . 370

wellat .. 70 (PI XXXVII), 137,212-213,298

Viit-lull, Aflicaii, vltiw of .... . 58

Ant-hill theory ol origin of natural mounds, discussion

of. ... 58-59

Antomc, Ark , elevation near. 351

section between Gurdon, Ark , and, figure showing lie

Antoine Creek, Ark , elevations on. . 338,351

well prospects on ... . . 117

Antoine Creek, La , elevation on . . 373

Antoma station, La , ele\ ations at and near . . 369

well at. . . 212-213

Antrim, La , elevation at ... 350

wellat . . 70 (PI XXXVir, 81,111,200-201,283

Appalachian Mountain folding, extension of, into

Arkansas ... . .. 17

Area vailgham, figure showing ... 36 (PI XIX)

Arcadia, Ark , well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 84,158-159

Arcadia, La , elevations at and near . 355

wells at.. . . Ill, 137,200-201,282

Archibald, La , elevations at and near. ... 378

Ardeen, Ark, elevation at . ... 345

Arkadelphia, Ark , elevations at and near.. .... 338

geology at ... . . 27,28,76

389
390 GENERAL INDEX.

Page 

Arkadelphia, Ark , pressure head at..... . - - 77

waterworks at ... ... - - 92

wells at.. 70 (PI XXXVII), 77, 79,109,117,148-149,237

Arkadelphia clay, character of. .. 10 (table), 28,75,78

conolation of..- - - 19,28

distribution of .. . 22,28

map showing . Pocket (PI III)

fossils of. ..-.-. . . - - 28

figures showing . 26 (Pis X, XI)

natural mound of, view of . 54 (PI XXVI)

occurrence of, in wells. . . . . UO, 132,

134,135,237,238,240,241,246,247,248,249,

231,259,260,201,266,266, 267,286,288, 205

sections of, figures showing . . 70

(PI XXXVII), 116, pocket (PI III)

thickness of . . . . 28

water-bearing value of . . . .75

wells to. .... . .. .. - 28

Ai kana, La , elevation at.... . . 3,56

well at.. ... 70 (PI XXXVII), 200-201

Arkansas, southern, altitudes in. . . 146-199,3J7-354

artesian areas in, maps showing . Pocket

(Pis XXXVIII, XLI, XLII)

Carboniferous locks in, thickness of 17 

formations in, correlation of Texas and Indian Territory format ions and ... - 1U 

geologic map of ' Pocket (PI III) 

geology of - - . . - ..... 16-69

land and watei in, during Cretaceous and Tertiary

time, maps showing. - 18 (PI II)

mineral springs and waters in.. 87-89

natural mound in, view of - . 54 (PI XXVI)

rainfall in, amount of ' .70

map showing . . VI

stream valleys in, character of, figuie showing . 50

structure of. - 60-09

map showing OS (PI XXXVI)

topographic features of . 14-16

plates showing . 14 (PI I), 20 (PI V),

28 (PI XII), 46 (PI XXIV), 54 (PI XXVI)

underground water in, development of 91-92

watei -bearing horuons in . 74-87

areas of, maps showing Pocket

(Pis XXXIX, XLI, XLII, XLIV)

elevation of, maps showirig Pocket (PI XXXVIII,

XL, XLI, XLIV), 80 (PI XLIII)

sections showing 70 (PI XXXVII)

table of - - 75

waters of, analyses of_ .240,242,

246,249,230,251,25J,254,255,

258-259,261,263, 264, 267, 276

head,of, variations in, maps showing . 76 

(PI XXXIX), 82 (PI XL)

well prospects in . . . 113-130 

wells in. Passim 

See also county and place names > 

Arkansas and Choetaw Railioad See St Louis, San

Fianeisco and New Orleans Railroad

Arkansas and Louisiana Railway, elevations on 327

Arkansas City, elevations at . . 340

wells at ... . 39,48,70 (PI XXXVII),

k 85,110,113,115,119,123,156-157,243-244

Arkansas clay auger, description of . - . 95,97

figure showing . ... 96 (PI XLVIj

use of, cost of.. . . . 107-108

figure showing. . ... 95,98 (PI XLVIII)

Arkansas County, Ark , springs in. 88,146-147 

well prospects in . .. 113

Page

Arkansas' County, Ark, wells in 113,146-147,2JO 

Arkansas Geological Survey, information from Pocket

(PI HI) 

Ar kansas Lithra Spring, Ark , data on

water of, analysis of. . . 

Arkansas-Louisiana line, elevations jit

Great Raft at, view of 

Arkansas Rivci, gravel on

w ell prospects on

Arkan&as Southeiu Railroad, elevations on. .. . 

Arkansas Southwestern Railway, elevations on. . 

Arkinda, Ark , elevation at.

!S8,170-171,249-250 

250 

. 336, 

330, ,145,357,372,386 

. 60 (PI XXIX) 

128 

128 

J28 

328 

34,5

well at.... . . .... 100,176-177,258

Arnold, A A , information on well from. 292 

Artesian wells See Wells, artesian

Arthui, Lake, Ln , section at, figuie showing... 43 

Ashdown, Ark , elevations at and near. . .345-346

well at . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 170-177,258 

Ashland, La, elevation at . . 373 

Ashley County, Ark , elevations in ,336-337

well prospects in 113114

wells in 113-114,146-147,236 

Ashley-Drew county line, Ark , elevation at 336,341

Asphalt, occunenoe of, map showing Pocket (PI III), 

70 (PI XXXVII) 

20 (PI IV) 

. . 354 

34J

Astai te pikensis, figures showing

Ateliafalaya Kner, La , elevation on

Athens, Ark , elevation at

Atkins, La , elevation at. 15b

Atoka quadrangle, Ind T , section in . . 21

Augers, typos of, figures showing 94 (PI XLV)

See alio Arkansas clay auger

Austin, Ark , igneous locks near - , 28 

well at. . 178-179,260 

Austin formation, eoirclation of ' 19 

Aventt, La, elevation at . . 371 

Avoyelles Hills, La , character of 51 

formation of . ,52 

location of, figuie showing . 03 

relation of coastal prairies to figure showing 51 

Avoyelles Parish, La , elevations in . J54-355 

well prospects in . 130

w ells m 108,111, 130,108-201,279-281

33.

Backus, T C , section b> 288

Bailey, Vei non, photograph bj - 54 (PI XXVI)

Baker, Ark , elevation nt . . 344

Balanophylha haleana, figures showing 34 iPl XVIII)

Baleones fault, age of 16

location of, figure showing . . OS* (PI XXXVI)

Baldwin,!) H , work of . . .324

Baldwin station, Ark , elevation at 34,3

Ball, La, well at ' 218-21«,J10

Ball Spui, La, elevation at . 375

Bandy Creek, La , elevation on . ,170

Banks Spring, La, elevation at. . . 362

Rarham, Ark , elevation near . . 350

Barham, La , elevations near . . .384

Baring Cross, Ark , well at. . 48,128,194-195 

Barker, P S , jetting outfit designed by, view of 104 (PI L)

Barkmans Creek, Ark , character of . . . 264

Baines, La, elevations at . . . 371

well at . 70 (Pi XXXVII), 21^-213

Bashi substage, differentiation of 35

Basilosaurus cetoides, figures showing 40 (PI XXI)

Baskin station. La, elevation at . . - ..369
GENERAL INDEX. 391

Page 

Bastrop, La , elevations at and near..... . .... 373

well at .... . . . . 212-213,299

Bastrop Hills, La , relation of coastal prairies to . . 53

relation of coastal prairies to, figure showing . 51 

Batchelor, La , well at .. . 216-217 

Baton Rouge Junction, La , well at . .... 222-223,316

Bauguss Mineral Spring, data on . 230-231 

Bauxite, occurrence of, map showing . Pocket (PI III) 

Baxter, W B , section by . . . 321-322 

Baxter, Ark , elevations at ... ... 341

Bayou Bartholomew, Ark , elevations along . . 336,

337,341,372-373

location of . ... ..." 54-55

springs on ..... 299

well prospects near . . 114,124 

Bayou Bodcau, La , elevations on . . 38fi

wellson 70 (Pi XXXVII), 123 

Bayou B<jyuf, La , elevations on and near .. . 375 

Bayou Castor, La , elevations on. . ... 384 

Ba>ou Choctaw, La , elevations on. - - 354 

Bayou Cornie, La , elevations on .... 383

well prospects on .... 142

Bajou Crew, La , elevation on ....... . 362

Bayou d'Arbonne La , elevations on. . 383

well prospects on. . . . 134,137,142

wells at .. . 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Bayou d'Artigo, La , elevations on. . . ... 369

Bayou de Gaup, La , elevations on . . . 369 

Bayou des Glaises, La , elevations on . . . 354 

Bajou Dorchcat, Aik , elevations on. .. .... 339

gravel on . ..... 46

Bayou Lafourche, La , elevation on.. ... . 362

well prospects on. . .. .. 141

Bayou Latamcr, La , elevation at. .. . 375

Bajou 1'Outre, La , well prospects on .... . . 142

Bayou Macon, La , elevations on . 14,36'J, 371,378 

Bayou Macon Hills, La , character o[. 53,143

relation of coastal prairies and . . . £13 

figure show ing 51

\vellprospectson . . . . . 116

Bayou Marteau, La , elevations on .... . . 370

Bajou Moro, Ark , elevation on . ... 337

\v ell prospects on . . . 115,117 

Bayou Nantaches, La , elevations on .. 370 

Bayou Negreet, La , location of, fisuie showing 04

rapids in Sabme River near . .. 64

well on.. . . 142 

Bayou Patessa, La , elevations on . . . 370 

Bayou Pierre, La , elevations on . . 373

wells on .. 47,70 (PI XXXVII), 206-207,288 

Bayou Rlgolets, La, elevations at . 375 

Bayou Toro, La, elevations on , . . 379 

Bayou Zoune, La, elevations at . 384 

Bays, The, La , well ut, section of, figure showing 45 

Beach Hill, Ark, well on. . . . 190-191,269 

Bear Creek, La , elevations on. . . 379 

Bearden, Ark , elevation near .. . 350

water neai, analysis of . . 267

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

84,110,114,115,118,126-127,130,142,188-189, 267-268 

Bcaihouse Creek, Ark , elevation on . 336 

Beaver Slough, Ark , elevation on 338 

Beckville, La , elevation at 357 

Bed rock, wells to, depth of . 76 

Bee Bayou, La, elevation on . ... 378 

Be'rne, Ark , elevations at and near. . . 333

wells at ... . 79,109,148-149,237

1393 No 46 06 27

, Page 

Belcher, La , wells at and near .... . . 47,

70 (PI XXXVII), 202-203,284,285

Belen, Miss , wells at.. 70 (PI XXXVII), 226-227 

Bell, Ark , wells at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 109,120,158-159,245 

Belle Isle dome, La , movement in . . 67 

Bells Landing substage, differentiation of . . 35 

Belosepia ungula, figures showing 3fi (PI XIX) 

Belton, Ark, well at . . ... . 158-159

Ben Lomond, Ark , elevation at.. ... . . 352

section near , . 23-24 

spungsat.. ... . .88,194-195,256

wells at. . 70 (PI XXXVII), 129,194-197,276-277

Bench marks, description of , . . . 333-334

figure showing .... . . . 334

Bennett Crossroads, Ark , elevation at ..... 349

Bcninngton limestone, correlation of .... - 19,21

fossils of, figures showing ..... . 22 (PI VII)

Benson, La, elevations near . .... 306

Bentley, T A , on Zimmerman water supply - - 90 

section by ... ... . 312

Benton, Ark , elevation at .. ..... 352

Benton, La , elevations at and near . . . 356 

wells at and near... . 70 (PI XXX VII), 111, 200-201,28i

granite near. .... ... .... 28

Bentoma, Miss, well at... .... 226-227

Bernice, La , elevations at and near .. . . . 383

Bibliography of region discussed .. .... 11-13

Bienville Parish, La , elevation in ... . . 355-358

Nacatoch sand in ..... ..... . .. 139

ppnngs in. .. ... . .... 88,200-201

well prospects in. . 130 

wells in . . . . 83-84, 111, 130,139,200-201,282-2R3

Bienville-Rcd River Parish line, La , elevation at 355-378 

Big Bayou Meto, Ark , springs on .. ... 238

Big Creek, La , elevations on ..... 369,370,378,387

Big Creek station, La , elevation at .... . 369

Big pe Gray Cieek, Ark , Bmgen sand on . . . 23 

Big Lake station, Aik , elevation at . . 352 

Big Terre Rouge Creek, Ark , elevations on . .. . . 342

Bilhnoie, La, elevation at . . . . 367

Bmgen, Ark , Bmgen sand at ... - 23 

Bmgen sand, artesian wells from, area of, map showing . . - Pocket (PI XXXVIII) 

character of. ... ... Ifi,22-23,75,76

correlation of .. - 19,24 

dip of . _ .... . ..... 69

distribution of . . .22-24,116-117,120,122,127,128-129 

map showing .... . Pocket (PI III)

elevation of, map showing Pocket (PI XXXVIII)

occurrence of, in wells .. 116-117,120,122,124125,128

127,128-129,245,251, 252,253,254,272,273,270,277

pressure head in. . . 77

section of ... - .23

figuies showing . . . lib,

pocket (PI III), 70 (PI XXXVII)

springs ftorn . . . 76-77 

thickness of.... . ... . 24,(ig

water-hearing value of . . ... . 75,76-78

water in, head of, variations in, map showing 76

(PI XXXIX)

See aZso Sub-Clarksville sand

Bird, Maunee, analyses by . . . 282, 

283,298,302,304,305, 314,315,316,317

Bisteneau Salt Works, La , dome at, section of . 70

(PI XXXVII) 

fossils at . . ...... . 30

gravel at. ... . . . . ......... 46
392 GENERAL INDEX.

Page

Bisteneau Salt Works, La , location of, map showing. 30

(PI XIIT)

salt wells at .. .. 70 (PI XXXVII),80,222-223,315 

arrangement of, map showing 30 (PI XIII)

section at, figure showing 70 (PI XXXVII)

water at, analysis of ... ... . 315

Black Bajou, La , elevations on . . . . 357,362

gravel along ..... . 46

Black Bluffs beds, correlation of ... 33 

Black Bois d'Arc Creek, Ark , elevations on. .... 342

Black Creek, Ark, well on .... 126

Black Hawk, La, elevation at . . . 365 

Black Lake, La , elevations on . 373

phases of, maps showing.. 62 (PI XXXIII) 

Black Lake Bayou, La , elevations on ... 355 

Blaek River, La , elevations on. .. . <i03,,365

wells on . . . 208-209,210-211 

Black River station, La , elevations at and near . . 365

well at - ... 210-211 

Blanchard, La , elevation at and near.. .. . 357-358

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 111,131,202-203 

Blanchard Springs, Ark , spring at . 88,196-197

well at ... ... . 129,196-197,277

Blankston, La, well at . , . 206-207,280 

Blanktown, La, elevation at . ..... 3G2

Blissville, Ark, elevations at .. . . .341

well at.. . . . . 70 (PI XXXVII),

8,5,113,115,119,135,138,144,1,56-157,244

Bluff City, Aik, elevation near . . .349 

Bluff lignite, correlation of . -....-. 40

Bodcau, La , elevations at ...... .356

Poi t Hudson beds near. . .. . . 50

Bodcau Lake, La .phasesof, maps showing. 62 (PI XXXIII) 

Bodcaw, Ark , elevation near . . ..... 349

Bodcaw Bajou, Ark , elevation at . ... 344

Boaiif River, La , elevations on 14,362,363,369,373,378

gorge of . ... 54-55

springs on... ..... .299

well prospects on ..... . . 131,141

Boggy, Ark , wells at ... . . 110,126,178-179

Boggy Bayou, La , elevations on ... ... 358,370

Bois d'Arc Piaine, Ark , wells at . . . 162-163,248 

Bokchito formation, fo&sils of, flguies showing 22 (PI VII)

occurrence and correlation of. ... . 19,21 

Boles, F T , information on well from. .. 297 

Bolcyn, La , «ell nt . 82,139,142,214-215,300 

Bolmger, Ark , well at ...... . .. 123,176-177

See also Ki ess City 

Bolmger, La, elevation near ..... 356

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 81, 111, 200-201, 283 

Bolivar County, Miss , wells in . . 224-22,5 

Bomta, La , elevations at and near . .... 373 

Bonne Idee Bayou, La , springs in bed of .... . 209 

Bordelonville, La , elevation at .... 354 

Bored wells, method of making . ..... 04

method of making, figure showing . 98 (PI XLVI1) 

Bosco, La , well at ... . ... 214-215,302

Bossier City, La , elevation at . . 356

wells at and near 47, 70 (PI XXXVII), 111, 200-203, 284

sections of, figure showing. . . . 132

Bossier Parish, La , elevations m. . .... .356-357

fiats in ... ... ... 53

fossils in.... ... ... . .... .... 37

Port Hudson beds in. ..... . . .50,53

well prospects in ..... - 131

wellsin .... . . ... .47,111,131,200-203,283-284

Bossier-Red River parish line, La , elevation at .... 357,376

Bougere, La , elevation at. .... . ..... - 365

Page 

Boughton, Aik, elevations at. ... .. . 349

wells at . . 79-80,18IM81 

Bowen, Ark , wells at 70 (PI XXXVII), 110,190-103,272-273 

Bowie Count}, Tex , wells in . . 228-230,319-320 

Bowles, J R , section by .... . 258

well of. .... . . 124,176-177,2,58

Boyce, IT A , on Boycc, La , water supply 90-01

Boyce, La , elevations at . . 375

water at, hygienic-value of . 90-01

wells at ..... . 70 (PI XXXVII),

86,90-91,112,134,136, US, 140,143, 218-210,310 

Brackett, R N , analyses by..... . 246,2,58-259

Brackett and Smith, section by ... 245

Bradley, Ark , elevations at and near . 344

well at. . ' .. . 176-177,256

Bradley County, Ark , elevations in. . 337

springs in . . . . 88,146-147

well piospects in. . ... 114

wellsin ... .110,114,146-147,236-237

Bradhhaw, Ark , wells at . . 117,148-151

Bramble Lake, Ark , data on ... 263

Branner, J C , on mineral waters of Arkansas . 11,12,238

on mounds.. .... ,50

on Saratoga formation . ... 26

sections by. .. - - - - 254,277

Brazeale Springs, La , data on . .89,139,214-21,5302 

water of, analysis of.. . . 302

Bridge Cr eek, Ark , elevations on . 342

wells along - . - 102-163,247

Bridge Creek, La , elevation on- . 370

Bridges,!1 G , information on well from 255

Bntt's Switch, Ark , elevations at and near . 338

wells lit . . 70,150-151,237-238

Brockton, Ark, wells at . . . 192-103,273

Brooks Saline, Tex , dome at, fossils m. 30

Broutin, J F, map by.. . . 60

Brown Springs, La , data on .... . 232-233,323

Brownlee Station, L.i , elevations near . . 356 

Browns Creek, Ark , wells along.. . ... . . 196,197

Browns Springs, Ark , data on . - 170-171

Brownstown, Ark , Brownstown formation at . 25

elevation at . .... 352

wells at .... .... 196-197,277

Brownitown formation, character of. . - 16,22,2,5,75 

contact of Annona chalk and, view of. . 28 (PI XII) 

correlation of. . - 19 

distribution of - - 22,25,122,120 

map showing . . Pocket (PI III) 

fossils in. ... . 25

figures showing .... . 26 (Pis IX, X, XI)

occurrence of, in wells. . . 237,

240, 245,2,51,252,253,254,265, 272,273,276,277

section of, figures showing . . ..24,

116,pocket (PI III),70 (PI XXXVI) 

thickness of... .... 25

water-beaung value of . . .. ...... 75,78,129

Brundage, E \V , analysis by.... . . ... 279-280

Brushley Bayou, La , wells on. ..... 133

Bi ushy Bayon (Webster Parish), La , elevation on. 386 

Brushy Bayou (Caddo Parish), La , elevation on 358 

Buclmnan Bayou, La , elevation on ...... 358

Buck Ridge, La , well at ........ . . 220-221

Buckner, Ark, elevations near .....'. . . 339

well at..... . - - ^, 70 (PI XXXVII), 150-157

Buckrange, Ark , wells at ... ...... . . 172-173

Buda formation, correlation of ..... ...... 19

Buena Vista, Aik, elevations at . . . . . . 350

Buffalo Flats, Ark , well on .. ..... 190-191,269
GENERAL INDEX. 393

Page

Buhrstone, correlation of . .36

Bungalow, La , elevation at - 358

Bunker Hill Bluff, La , landslips at, figures showing 66

Bunkie, La , elevation at . - 354

water at, analysis of . . 279-280

wells at and near . Ill, 198-190,279-280

Burke Station, La , elevation at . 378

Burkville, Tex , fossils from . . 43

Burtons Creek, La , elevation on - . 384

Burtsel, Ark , elevation at . . . 338

well at. . . 117,150-151,238

Bushnell, D I , jr, on mounds . 59

Buvens Bayou, La, elevations on .. . 379

Bysmalithic quaquaversals See Domes

Cable-i ig boring, method of

tools for, figures showing 

Cabot, Aik , well at 

Caddo Lake, La , elevations on

. 97-99

100 (PI XLVIII)

. 178-179

358

Caddo limestone, fossils of, figures showing 22 (PI VII)

ot cun ence and correlation of. . . 19,21

Caddo Parish,*La , elevations in . . ... 357-362

Port Hudson, beds in 50 

possible dome in . .... .34,132

springs in ..... 88,204-205

temporary lake in, view of . . 60 (PI'XXX) 

well prospects in ... .. 131-132

wells in . 47,111,131-132,202-207,284-288 

Caddo-De Soto parish line, La , elevation at 358,367 

CadulUi sp , occurrence of . . 243 

Calcasieu River, La , elevations on . 376 

Calcasieu-Veinon parish line, La , elevation on . 384 

Caldwell- \ ngelina flexure See Angelma-Caldwell

flexure 

Caldwell Parish, La , elevations in. ... .. 362-363

well prospects in ... 133

wells in . . 133

Calhoun, La , elevation at and near . .. .. 374

Calhoun County, Ark , elevations in . 337 

springs in . ... 88,184-149

well prospects in ..... . 115

wells in . .... 115,126,148-149, 237

California Station, La , elevations at..... . .. 371

rill, R E , on Crowleys Ridge . ..... .... . . 46

Call Landing, La , well at . . ...... 208-209,291

Calvin Station, La , elevation ut . . ... ... 387

Calytraphorus tnnodiferus, figures showing 34 (PI XVIII) 

velatus, figure showing .. ... 32 (PI XIV)

occurrence of . . . 33,243 

sp, occurrence of . . ... .... 40

Cambrian rocks, figure showing . 17

Cambro-Silurian rocks, figure showing . 17

thickness of, m Indian Territory ... 17

Camden, Ark , elevation at ... 350

waterworks at. . . 92

wells at and near . 70 (PI XXXVII),110,188-189,268

Camden series, correlation of . 34,35,40

Camel, bones of, occurrence of. ... 51

Cameron, R R , information on well fiom . 297 

Cameron Mills, Ark, elevation at . 347 

Camp County, Tex , wells in . . 230-232 

Camp Long, La , elevation at . 355 

Camp Salubrity Spring, La , data on . . 139 

Campti, La , elevations at and near . . . 373 

Port Hudson beds near . . .. 50

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Cancellana sp , occurrence of .. .. ..... . 243

Page 

Caney, Ark, elevation near. . . . ...... 349

Caney Creek, Ark , elevations on. ...... . 312

Canfield, Ark , elevations at and near ..... ... ^344

Cargile, Ark, elevation at . . ..... . . 353

Carlisle, Ark , wells at and near . . 178-179 

Carboniferous rocks, figure showing 17 

thickness of, m Indian Territory and Arkansas 17 

Carpenter Station, La , elevation at . . 378 

Carroll, La, elevation at , . 376 

Carrollton, Mibs , wells at . . 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Carter, La , elevation at.. ... .387

Casey, T T>, on Vicksburg formation . ... 41

Cass County,"Te\ , wells in 

Castor, La , elevation at . 

Castor Bayou, La , elevation on 

Castor Salt Springs, data on 

possible dome at

. 230-232 

355 

355

88,20S-Ci» 

136

Catahoula formation, artesian area of, map showing 86

(PI XLIII)

character of. . 16 (table), 42-43,75

distribution of. . 42-^13,64,133-134,136,138, 143

map showing . . Pocket (PI III)

elevation of, map showing 86 (PI XLIII)

figure showing . . 45

fossils of. . . 42

occurrence of, in wells . . 133-131,

123,138,140, 142, 143,308,310,312

outcrops of, views of. . . 42 (PI XXIV) 

sections of, figure showing .'. 70 (PI XXXVII) 

synonymv of . 42 

thickness of . , . . . . 42^3

water-bearing value of . . 75,8fi,90

water in ... 43

wold due to ... 15

figure showing .... . 14 (PI I)

Catahoula Lake, La , wells on and near.. LS3,140,208-209,292

Catahoula Parish, La , Catahoula formation in 42,133-134

elevations in .. ... ... 363-365

springs in . . ... 88,208-209

Vickhbnrg formation in .... 41

well prospects in . 133-134 

wells m 86, 133-134,208-209, 299-294 

Catahoula Prairie La , relation of coastal prairies and,

figure showing . . 51

Catahoula Shoals, La , origin of. .. 5j,64

origin of, figure showing . . .54

rocks at 43

well at . . 70 (PI XXXVII),142

Cedar Bluffs La , Great Raft at removing of, view of 60

(PI XXIX)

Cedar Lick, La , dome at . . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 136

well at. . . 30,70 (PI XXXVII),222-223,317

Centcrpomt, La , elevations at and near ... 343

wells at and near . . . 70 (Pi XXXVII),

71-75,109,122,129,174-175

Centerville, Ark , elevation at . . . 342,349 

Cerro Gordo, Ark , springs at . 88,176-177 

Chalk Level, La, elevation at . . 356 

Chalmctte Station, Ark , elevation at.. . .. . 343

Chamberlain, C H , section by .... . .. 2%

Chambeilm, T O , on loess . . 52 

Chamberlm, T C , and Salisbury, R D , on Red Rivei

lakes. .. . . .61

Champagnolle, Ark , elevation at . . 3i,3 

Channels, underground, rarity ol ... . ... . 70

Chapel Hill, Ark , well at . .. 196-197 

Chapman, M T , information from .... . 249

Charlievillc, La , elevations at.. . ...... . 378
394 GENERAL INDEX.

Page. 

Charlon Creek, La., elevation on....................... 373

Chattalioochee group, correlation of................... 43

Chautauqua Station,/La., spring at........... 88,212-213,298

water at, analysis of............................... 298

Chencyville, La., elevation at.......................... 376

Chenierc, La., elevations at............................ 374

well near.................. 70 (PI. XXXVII),214-21,%303

Cherokec County, Tex., wells in..................... 230-232

Chestnut, La., elevation at..,.......................... 373

Chiohester, Ark., elevation at.......................... 350

Chickasaw Creek, La., elevations on................... 363

Chickasaw Nation, Ind. T., Goodland limestone in ... 21 

Chickasaw purchase, Miss., Chickasaw formation in... 35 

Chickasawan stage, correlation of.................. 34,3,5,40

Chicot County, Ark., elevations in................... 337-3,38

well prospects in................................. 115-116

wells in.............................. 110,115-116,148-149

Chimanahaw Creek, Ark., elevations on............... 336

Chinquepin Bayou, La., elevation on.................. 358

Chireno, Tex., wells at........................... 232-233,322

Chisum Station, La., elevation at...................... 363

Chootaw Bar, Ark., fossils from..................... 243-244

well on................................... 156-157,243-244

Choctaw Bayou, La., elevations on.................... 379

Choctaw Nation, Ind. T., Goodland limestone in ...... 20-21

Chopin, La., elevation at.............................. 373

Choudran, La., elevations at and near................. 371

Christie, La., Catahoula formation near............... 43

elevations near ......'.............................. 379

Chunkey, Miss., well at........:......--.. 70 (PI. XXXVII)

Churning, devices for, figures showing.... 102 (PI. XLIX)

Cinnamomum heeri, figure showing............ 24 (PI. VIII)

Circle, Tex., wells at................................. 230-231

Cistern rock, name of...........--...--..........---..- 26

Claiborne, County, Miss., wells in................ 224-225,317

Claibornc epoch, history of............................... 32

Claiborne formation, areas underlain by. tnaps showIng ...................................... 32 (PI. XV)

character of....................... 16 (table), 36-38,75,84

correlation of...................................... 75,84

dip of.............................................. 69

distribution of................................. 36-38,138

map showing...................... Pocket (PI. Ill)

fossils of....................................... 36-37,325

figures showing.......... 32 (PI. XIV),36 (PI. XIX)

occurrence of. in wells.............................. 243,

271-272,283,295,298,301,304,306 317 

sections of, figures showing........... (Pocket PI. Ill),

70 (PI. XXXVII) 

synonymy of..........--------..--------.---------- 36

thickness of........................................ 37

water-bearing value of.......................... 75,84,90

Claiborne Landing, Ala., fossils at..................... 36

Claiborne Parish, La., springs in................. 88,210-211

well prospects in................................... 134

wells in.............................. Ill,134,210-211,294

Clarence, La., elevation at............................. 37,3

Clark County, Ark., Arkadelphia clay in............... 28

Bingen sand in............................ 23,110-117,126

elevations in..................................... 338-339

Nacatocn sands in............................ 27,116-117

Sabine formation in.............................. 116-117

springs in............................. 88,150-151,154-155

well prospects in................................. 116-117

 wells in.............................. 109,148-155,237-241

dark-Dallas county line, Ark., elevation on........... 340

dark-Hot Springs county ling, elevations on........ 339,343

Page 

Clarks, La., welln at.... 70 PI. XXXVII), 84,133,206-207,289

Clarksville, Tex., geology at........................... 24,25

section at, figure showing.......................... 24

wells at and near.................... 70 (PI. XXXVII),

77,124,125,234-235,324 

Clay, La., elevation at................................. 370

Clay County, Ark., well in....................... 154-155,241

Clay workings, location of, map showing... Pocket (PI. Ill) 

Clayton, Ark., spring at.......................... 88,180-181

Clayton, La., elevation at............................. 365

Clayton formation, correlation of...................... 33

Clear Creek, Ark., description of....................... 264

Clear Lake, Ark., data on............................... 263

water of, analysis of-.............................. 263

Clear Springs, Ark., Bingen sand at................... 23

spring at..................................... 150-151,238

Clendenin, W. W., on mounds......................... 56,57

Cleveland, Miss., wells at....-............ 70 (PI. XXXVII),

84,113,116,119,224-225 

Cleveland County, Ark., elevations in................. 339

gravel in............................................ 117

springs in..................................... 88,156-157

well prospecls in.........................*........ 117-118

wells in.......................... 100,118, 154-157,241-242

Clifford, J. P., acknowledgements to................... 145

Clifford, L. B., information on wells from........... 268,315

sections by........... 242, 256, 257,258,259, 283, 292,299,315

Clifford Well Company, acknowledgments to.......... 145

Clio, Ark., well at.. 70 (PI. XXXVII), 110,118,120,123,154-155 

Clipper Spur, Ark., wells on." ................. 79,180-181,260

Clipper switch, Ark., elevations at.....................' 347

Coahoma County, Miss., wells in.................... 224-225

Coast line, migrations of............................ 18-20,22

Coastal plain. See Gulf Coastal Plain.

Coastal prairies, character of ........................... 51-52

character of figure showing....................... 51

Cofikficld Ferry beds, correlation of.................... 36

Cockficld member, artesian area of, map showing... Pocket

(PI. XLII) 

character of.:........................ 16 (table),32,37-38

distribution of................. 37-38,130,138, 141,142,144

figure showing..................... Pocket (PI. Ill)

elevation of, map showing........... Pocket (PI, XLII)

lignitiferous beds in................................ 37

occurrence of, in wells........................... 113,114,

115,118,119,120,123,127,129,133,134,136,

138,141, 142,143, 144, 243,274, 297, 300,316

sections of, figures showing............ Pocket (PI. Ill),

70 (PI. XXXVII) 

thickness of........................................ 38

water-bearing value of............................. 38,84

Cocoville, La., elevation at............................ 354

Cold Spring, Arl[., data on........................ 88,146-147

Colcboro, Ark., cprings at........................ 88,178-179

water at, analysis of............................. 258-259

wells at.................................. 176-179, 258-259

Coler, Ark., elevation at............................... 342

Colfax, La., elevations at.............................. 370

Port Hudson deposits near........................ SO

wells at and near ................. 48,70 (PI. XXXVII),

84,111,134,130,139,144,210-211,297 

Colliersburg, La., well near...................... 202-203,284

Collins, H. C., on Louisiana fossils..................... 34

Collins, Ark., ejevations at............................ 341

Collinston, !,»., elevations at and near................ .373

well at....................................... 212-213, 299

Colorado group, subdivisions of....................... 19
GENERAL INDEX. 395

f&ge

Columbia, La , elevations at and near . . . 302

wells at and near. 70 (PI XXXVII),

131,134,136,137,141,208-200, 289-291

Columbia County, Ark , elevations in .... 339-340

springs in . 88,156-157

well prosperts in . 118

wellsm .. 110,118,129,156-157,242

Columbia-Lafajette co,mt> line, Aik , elevation on 339,344

Columbus, Aik , well at. . . 120,158-159

Columbus, La , lapids neat . fi4

rapids ncai, map showing . 64

view of 58 (PI XXXVIII)

Comanche Peak f01 mation, (oi relation of . _ 19,21

Comanche series, character of 16 (Uble),20

divisions of . 19-21

(Sompton station, Ark , elevation at -. . 342

CoiiLordia, La , elevation at . 365

Concordia Parish, La , elevations in . 365-J66

v, ell prospects in ... 134

wells in . 154,210-211,295

Conn League, Tex , quarry on, vic\\ of '4_' (PI XXIV)

Conrad, T A , on Claiborne formation . 30

on Jackson formation ... 39

on Vicksburg formation ... 41

Constance, \rk , well at . . . . 1">8-159

Converse, La , elevations at and near . . 380 

Conwav, Yrk , well at . . . 158-159,244 

Coochie Brake, Cretaceous limestone ut . .... . 30

location of, maps showing . Pocket (PI III), 

68 (PI XXXVI), (PI XLI)

Cooks Mountain beds, correlation of . 36 

Cooper, La, cle\ ation at ....... 384

Copeland, La , elevations at and near . . ,363 

Corbula \\ ailesiana, occurrence of .... . 243,244,272

sp, occurrence oj ... . . . . 272

Core drills, description of. . . . 105-107

Cornelius, P E , acknowledgments to ..... 145

section hy ..... . 249

Cornfield Bayou, La , elevations at 370 

Cornobis alatoidcs, figure showing 3S (PI XX) 

Cornulinaarmigera,ligureshowing . 36 (Pi XIX) 

Corsicana, Tex , well prospects at . 137,130 

Cottingham, I A , elevations supplied by 328 

Cotton Valley, La , elevation at 380 

well at. . . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 143,222-223,315

Cottonport, La , well at - 70 (PI XXXVII), 198-199 

Cottonwood Bayou, 1 a , wells on. . . . 131-132

See also Dixie, La 

Coushatta, La , elevations at ...... . 377

springs near . . . ,89,218-219 

wells at . . . 141,218-219 

Couvilhon, C B , information on well from . 281 

Cox Ferry, La , elevations at . 383 

Coxe, , information on well from . . 314 

Co\e, R B , section by. . . . . .200

Cozart, Tex , well at . . 232-233 

Crank, Ark , spring at. . ... 88,178-179

we1 ! at. .... . . 173-170

Cretaceous rocks, character of 16 (table), 20-28,70-81 

deforma tion oj . ... 29-30

d'stribution oj . . 20-28,70-81 

maps showing . . 18, pocket (PI III) 

fossils of .. 20,21,22,25,26,30 

marine fossil beds of, areas underlain by, map

showing ..... 32 (PI XV)

outcrop of ... . . 18-19

region of, wells in . .... 91,107-108,109-110,277

Page.

Cretaceous rocks, sections oj, figures showing . 24, 

20, 70 (PI XXXVII), pocket (PI III)

views of. ... . . . 20 (PI V), 28 (PI XII)

water-hearing horizons in .... . .... 74-81

figure showing . ........ 74

wolds due to . . . . . . . .15

map .showing . . . . 14 (PI I)

See also Upper Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous* 

Cretaceous time, divisions of .... . ... 19-20,22

history of ... ..... .. 18-30

land and water in, areas of, map show ing . 18 (PI II)

movements in ... .16 (table) , 1S-10, 20, 30

Crew Lake, La , elevation at ... .. .. ... 378

Crichton Station, La , elevations at . ... 377

Crockett, Tex , well at ... . .... 232-233

Crooked Creek, Ark . elevations on ... .339

Cross Lake, La , elevations on ... . ...... jo?, J80

Crossett, Ark , elevation at . . . . . 336

 rfWlsat . . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 84,85,113,

1 14, 116, 127, 120, 130, 135, 136, 142, 144, 146-147, 236

Crow, A M , information on well from. . ?3y

section by . . . 239 

Crowleys Ridge, Ark , Eocene beds on . . . 30- 40

gravels on.. . .... .... 46

loess on . . . . .... . . 52

Cuba, La , elevation at . ..... 374

Curne Spring, La , data on ..... . . 88, 204-205

Curtis, Ark , elevations at . . ..... . . . f38

wc'lsatandHear. . .. .. ...79,88,100,150-151,238

Curt's, La , elevations at .. ... . . 356

well at. .... . . . 111.131,202-203

Curtis sUtKjn, La , well at.. ........ . . 202-203

Cypress, \rk , elevations at and near. . . .... 336

Cypress, L,i , elevations at . . .... J65.373

Cypress Bayou (Avoyclles-Rapides parishes), La , elevations in . 354 376 

Cypress Bayou (Caddo-Pe Soto parishes), La , elevations on. . . . 358,367

Cypress Creek, La , elevations on . 370

Daisy, Ark , elevation at. . . 351

Dakota group, subdivision of . 19

Dalark, \rk , elevations near . 338,340

Daleville, Ark , clcvn lions at . 3^8

we'ls at 70 (PI XXXVII), 88, 100, 117. 150-151,239

Pall, W H , on Tertiary ro( ks and fossils . 33,

J4,35,J7,JO, 40, 41,42 43,325

Dallas, La , e'cvation at 371 

Dallas County, Ark , elevations in. . .. 340 

springs in . . 88, 150-157 

well prospects in . . . 118-119 

wells HI . . 110,110,156-157,242-243 

Dallab-Clark county line, Ark , elevation on . . ^40 

Dana.J D , on paleontologic break at closo of Tertiary 31 

Darby, William A , on Catahoula sandstone . . 43 

Dans, 'V F , section by 318 

Darragh spur, Ark , elevation at 341 

Darvsaw Creek, elevations on . 341 

David, , figure by . . 73 

Davis, \V M , and Snyder, W II , on Red itiver lakes . 61 

Davis station, La , elevation at . . 355 

De Ann, Ark , well at . 158-150 

De Kalb, Tex , well near . . 228-229,310 

De C^ueen, Ark , elevations near . 352 

DC Soto Parish, La , elevations in. 366-308
396 GENERAL INDEX.

DC Soto Parish, La , spnngsin .... . ....88,210-211

well prospects m..... - - - ..... . 135

wells in ... ..... . 135,210-211,20")

DC Soto-Caddo parish line, La , elevation at .. ..318,367

De Boto-Sabine parish line, elevation on . .... S68

Decippr Creek, Ark , Cretaceous rocks on ... . 26

Deer Creek, La , course of ... . 54-55

Deformation, amount of-.. - -- 30,67

history Of 16 (table), 17,18-19,29-30,44,46,64-66,67-68

figures showing .. 00 (PI XXXV), pocket (PI III)

Degradation, history of .. . 16 (table), 16,44,46-50,82-66

Dcgray, Ark , well at . --. 150-151,239

Delhi, La , elevation at and near ... . 378-379

well at. . . ... 70 (PI XXXVII),

84,86,135,136,137,138,141,143,220-221

Delight, Ark, elevations ut . . 127,351 

wells at. .... 192-19J,273-274

Delta, La, elevation at ... 371

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII),1)8,212-213,299

Demson formation, correlation of ... 19,21

distribution of, map show ing . . Pocket (PI III)

Dentahum sp , occun ence of . ... 243,272

Deposition, conditions of . . 18-19, 

20,22,31-32,40-41,44-45, 50-52, 59

llistoryof 16 (table),16-17,18,20,22, 31-32,40-41, 59-64

Dennott, Ark , elevations at and neai . 337-338

waterworks at .... . 92

wells at .... 48,

70 (PI XXXVII), 85,110,113, 115,119,123,138,144 

Dcrry, La, elevation at . ... 374

well at .... - -- 214-215

Desare station, La , elevation at - . - . ... 377

Dcsha County, Aifc , elevations in.. ..... 340-341

Quaternary deposits in .. . . . 119

well prospects in. . . . . 19

wells in . - 110,119,156-157,243-244 

Desha-Drew county line, Ark , elevations oil .. 340,341 

Devonian sediments, thickness of, in Indian Territory 17 

Devono-Carbomferous rocks, section of, figure showing ... . . 17

Dewitt, Ark , wells near . 146-147,236

Dextei, Ark , elevation at .- ... 343

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 174-175,255

Diastrophism See Deformation, Faults, Folds

Dillon, J B , acknowledgments to . . 145

sections by . . 11 1,231,272-274

Diospyrus primteva, figure showing _ 24 (PI VIII)

steenstrupi', figui e showing . . _ 24 (PI VIII)

Dip of strata ... - 69

sections showing . . 70 (PI XXXVII)

view showing ... 40 (PI XXII)

Discotrochus orlngiiiiinus, figure showing . 36 (PI XIX)

Dixie, La, wells at and near. - . 34,

47,70 (PI XXXVII), 131-132,202-2U3,285

Dobyville, Ark ,Marlbrook formation at .... 26

Docfcery, Miss , well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 119, 220-227 

Doddsville, Miss, well at . 70 (PI XXXVII),119,226-227 

Dodson, La , elevations at and near ^ . 387 

Dogwood Place, La, well on - - 206-207 

Domes, burial of- . 31-32 

description of ... .67

development of--- - - .... 16,29-30

exposure of, cause of ... - 29 

leakage from, pollution of watei by ..... . 83,

80,HI-132,134,136,139-141,143

origin of- - - 67

salt wells around. . 29-30

arrangement of, maps fallowing 30 (PI XIII)

Page 

Domes, section of, figure showing ........ ... , 29

sections showing.. . . .... 70 (PI XXXVII)

size of ..... ... . 07

Donaldson, Ark, elevation at - - .... . . . 343

Doolcys Ferry, Aik ,w ell near ..... . .... 125

Dooms Saline, Tex , well at...... . . . >. . 232-233

Dorcheat Bayou, La , elevations <>n. . 386 

Doss, La , elevation at .... 373

Dotson, Ark, spring at . . . .88,158-159,245

well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 120,158-159 

Double Mineral Spring, Aik , data on .... .88,148-149

Douglastou, N Y , mud cones near . . 50-57

mud cones near, view of . . . ,56 (PI XXVII)

Dowling, Ark , elevation at .... . ... 350

Doyleston, Ark, elevation at ... .. 341,343

Doylinc, La , elevations at. .... 386

Drake's Salt Works, La , dome at. .. .. . ,30

dome at, section of, figure showing... ,. . 29

salt wells at - - 30,89,139,214-215,222-223,300,316

arrangement of, map showing . 30 (PI XIII)

figure showing .... .. 29

location of, map showing. . . 30 (PI XIII) 

water at, analj sis of ......... 310

Draughon, Ark, well at .. ..... . 70 (PI XXXVII),

110,118,154-155,241-242 

Drew County, Aik , elevations in . ... 341

well prospects in . . ... 119-120

wells 111 . 110,119-120,156-159,244 

Drew-Ashley county line, elevation at .. . . . ,336

Drew-Desna county line? elevations on. . 340,341

Dulled wells, method of making . . . 97-99

method of making, figure showing 98 (PI XLVII)

tools for making, figure fallowing. .. 100 (PI XLVIII)

Di ills, description of . ..... . 101

figures Showing . 101,102 (PI XLIX),106 (PI LI) 

Dripping Springs, Aik , data on ... ... . 228-229,264

Driven wells, method of making. . . ........... 94

Dronant, James, section by . . . ......... 308

Dry Run station, Ark , elevation at. ..... .... 340

Dubach, La, elevation at - ... 371

well at . . . 37,70 (PI XXXVII), 137,142,212-213

Dubberly, La, elevations at. - . . . 387

spung at . .... .. .... 89,222-22<i

well prospects in . .*.... 143

Duckport, La, elevation at . 371

Dugdemona Bayou, La , elevations on . . 387

Dumas, Ark , elevation at . 340

Durnble, E T , on Catahoula formation . . . 42,43

on Fajette beds . . . 42

on Fi 10 elays . . . . . 43

on Texas domes . 30 

on Yegua beds . . . 38,3'J 

Dimcnn station, Ark, elevation at . . 343 

Dune theory of origin of natural mounds, discussion of. 57 

Dunes, MCW of . . 58 (PI XXVIII) 

Dunlop, J T , information on well from . 2,30 

Dunning, Tex , \\ellat . . 234-2,35 

Putron, C E , on earthquakes. .... 65

IE.

Eagle Ford clay, character of 

correlation of . . . 

distribution of.. . .

map showing . 

section of, figures showing

Eagle Mills, Ark , elevation at. 

well at

.... 16

. .. .. . 19

24

. Pocket (PI III) 

24, pocket (PI III), 

70 (PI XXXVII) 

350 

70 (PI XXXVII), 127,188-189
GENERAL INDEX. 397

Page

Eaglesnest, Miss , well at. . 70 (PI XXXVII), 113,224-225 

Earthquake, New Madrid, effects of . . . 57,62 

Earthquake theory of origin of Ked Elver lakes, discussion of ... . .62

Earthquakes, cause of ... - 65

East, T M, information from . . . 241

well of . . ..... . . 154-155,241

East Cai roll Parish, La , elevations in . . 368 

well prospects in . . ... 135

wells in . . . 135,210-211,295-296 

East L'Anacoco Bayou, La, elevations on . 3S4 

East Little Rock, Ark , w ell at 48,128,194-195,276 

East Pendleton, La , wells at . - 220-221 

East Point, La , elevation at... . . 377

Eden station, La, elevation at . . . -- - ... 369 

Edwards formation, correlation of ... . ... 19,21

Eggbend, La, elevation at ...... . 354

well at ...... 108-199,280

El Dorado, Ark, elevation at ..... . . 353

w ater near, analysis of ... 277

wells at and near 70 (PI XXXVII), 129,196-197,277

Eldorado, La, elevation at . 371

Kleolite-syenite, in Arkansas, occurrence nf . 28

Eleplias bones, occurrence of ... . 51

Elevations, areas of, nuips showing . ... 14 (PI I)

Sec a/so Altitudes 

Elk bones, occurrence of . ..... 51

Elliott, Ark, elevation at. . . .. ...... 330

Elm Grove, Li, elevation at . .... 356

Elmoro station, La , elevation at . 371 

Emmert, S E section by . . 241 

Emmet, Vik , elevations at . 349 

wells at . 79,110,158-161,182-183,246,265 

Empire Ark, « ell at 70 (PI XXXVII),

85,114,115,144,148-140

Enallaster texanus, figures showing.. 22 (PI VI)

Enchmotocems ulrichl, figures showing 34 (PI XVI)

occurrence of. . 33

Eocene rocks, areas underlain by, map showing 32 (PI XVI)

character of - .... 16 (table), 33-40, 75)

dip of, view of . .. 42 (PI XXII)

distribution of . . . 33-40,128,142

maps showing . 32 (PI XV), pocket (PI III)

divisions of 32

descuptionsof . . - 33-40

fossils from . . S3,34,35,37,38,39,40

figures showing 32 (PI XIV), 34 (Pis XVI, XVII,

XVIII),36 (PI XIX),38 (Pis XX,XXI)

lignites m. . . 34,37,40

occurrence of, in wells . 113,115,118,120,123,128,135,138,

142,143,237,241,243,255,256,265,2bS

overlap of - . 18-19 

sections of, figures showing Pocket (PI III),

70 (PI XXXVII)

views of . . 40 (PI XXII) 

\vater-bearing horizons m, value of. - ... 75,81-86 

w ater conditions in, figure showing .... 82

well prospects in . ... 83

\vellsin . ... 81-83

wold due to.. . - .15

map showing . . 14 (PI I)

Eocene rocks, undifferentiated, description of 40

distribution of .. 33-40,128,142

map showing .... Pocket (PI III)

occurrence of, in wells 113,115,118,120,123,128,135,138, 

142,143,237,241, 243,255,256,265,268

sections of, figures showing . . Pocket (PI III),

70 (PI XXXVII)

Page 

Eocene rocks, synonomy of .. . ... . ..... 40

water-bearing value of . . . . 84,&ei

See aho Lagrange group 

Eocene time, divisions of .... 16 (table), 31-32

history of .... 16 (table), 31-40

movements in . . . . . 16 (table),30 

Erosion, figure showing. . ..... 17

history of . . ' . . 16

occurrence of. . . . . 22,44 

Estes Bayou, La, elevations on ... 380 

Eupsammia elahorata, figures showing 34 (PI XVIII) 

Eutaw formation, section of, figure of . .70 (Fl XXXVII) 

Eva, La , elevation at 365 

Evans, Ark, elevation at. . . 3SO 

Ewrng, T M , information from ... . 238

section by .... ... 238

Exogyra anetina, figures showing . . 22 (Pi VIIj

costnta, figures showing . . . . 26 (Fl XI) 

occurrence of. .... .. . . 27,30

ponderosa, figures showing . . 26 (Pi IX) 

ocuuri ence of . . 22,25-26

texana, figuies showing . . . 22 (Fl VI) 

Exogyra ponderosa marl, synonymy of ... 25

in.

Fairfield, Ark , chnatum at . . ... 

Fan mount, La , elevation neai .

well at

Fa iview, Aik , elevat on at, . 

Faith, Ark , elevation at 

Fannerville, La , elevations at and neai. 

Faulknpr County, Ark , wells in .. 

Faulting, earthquakes due to 

Faults, location of, maps showing

. . 344 

... 370 

210-211 

. ... 340

344

383-J84 

158-159,244 

65

68 (PI XXXVI), 

pocket (PI HI)

occurrence and description of 16 (table), 65-66,68

sections showing . 66 fPl XXXV), 70 (PI XXXVII)

i'auna, break in, between Cretaceous and Eocene 16 (table),

31 

Fa>ette sands, correlation of ..... 37,42

Featlierman, A , on natural mounds . . 56,57 

Ferguson, Ark , elevation at. . ..... 339

Fenell station, Ark , elevation at.. . 352 

Fen ells, Mineral Springs, La , data on. 220-221,314

wattii of, analysis of 

Fernday, La , well at

314

70 (PI XXXVII), 

,H3,H4,135,142,210-211 

358

64 (PI XXXIV) 

- - . 317 

11

... 370 

.... S50 

370

48,210-211,295 

- . 293

Ferry Lake, La , elevation on

views of

Fessell, T H , section by 

Field work, date and scope of 

Finley Spur, La , elevation on 

Finns station, Ark , elevations at 

Fish Creek, La , elevation on . 

Fish Pond, La , well at 

Fishei, E , section by . . . 

Fisher, La, elevations near... . ... . . 380

Flahcllum conoldeum, figures showing . . 34 (PI XVI) 

Flaceon Bayou, La , elevations on . .. 375 

Flat Oieek, La , elevation on . . . . 384

Flat Orcek, Tex , sand cones on, view of. '56 (PI XXVII) 

Flat Fork Greek, Tex , natural mounds on, views of 34

(PI XXVI) 

Flatwoods clays, correlation of. ... 33

Fleming clay, character of . 16 (table), 43-44,75

distribution of . . ...... . . 43-44

. map showing ...... . . Pocket (PI III)

fossils from. ......... . . . . . 43
398 GENERAL INDEX.

Page.

Fleming clay, sections of, figures showing. 45, pocket (PI. Ill) 

synonymy of....................................... 43

thickness of........................................ 44

water-bearing value of............................. 75

Flood plain, Bed River, effect of raft on .............. 60-fil

Flood plain deposits, area of, maps showing ..... 14 (PI. I),

pocket (PI. Ill) 

description of................................ 14-15,52,59

figure showing..................................... 51

location of, maps showing... 14 (PI. T), pocket (PI. Ill) 

origin of........................................... 1G, 52

Florence station, La., elevations at and near.......... 364

Florien, La., elevations near........................... 380

FJournoy, La., elevation at ............................ 358

Flowing wells. See Wells, artesian.

Ployd, La., well at................................... 222-223

Folds, development of............. 16 (table), 29-30,65, 67-68

figure showing..........:............. Pocket (PI. Ill)

location of, map showing.............. 68 (PI. XXXVI)

Fomby, Ark, well at......................... 118,129,156-157

Forbing, La., elevations nt and near.................. 358

Fordyce, Ark., eleva.tlon at............................ 340

well at............................... 70 (PI. XXXVII),

110,115,118,119,120, 156-1S7, 242-243 

Foreman, Ark., elevation at.......................: .. 346

well at........................................... 178-179

Forest Hill, La., elevation at.......................... 376

Forksville, La., elevation at........................... 374

Forrest City, Ark., well at........ 70 (PI. XXX VII), 194-195

Fort Lynn, Ark., well at.. 70 (PI. XXXVII), 126,180-181,260 

Fort Worth formation, correlation of ................. 19,21

distribution of, map showing.......... Pocket (PI. Ill)

Fossils, localities of, maps and sections showing .... Pocket

(PI. Ill), 70 (PI. XXXVII) 

value of............................................ 18

See also names of formations and genera.

Foster, W. C., on Texarkana, Ark., water prospects. 262-264 

Foster station, La., wells at and near... 70 (PI. XXXVII),

111,202-203 

Fourche Mountain granite, occurrence of............:. 28

Fourth of July Springs, La., data on. ........ 89,139,214-215

Franklin County Tex., wells in ...................... 230-232

Franklin Parish, La., elevations in .................... 36!)

well prospects in................................. 135-136

wells in.................................. 135-136,210-21I

Franklin Shoals, Ark., well on....................... 106,277

Franks, La., elevation at.............................. 367

Frederickslmrg group1, divisions of.................... 19

Freeman-Smith Lumber Company, information from. 268 

section by.....................:.................... 268

well of ..........................;........ 127,188-189,268

Frenehport, Ark., well at................ 70 (PI. XXXVII)

Freyburg, La., elevation at............................ 355

Frierson, La., elevations near ......................... 367

Port Hudson beds near ............................ 50

well at ............................................ 36,

70 (PI. XXXVII), 81,131,136,139,210-211,295 

Frio clays, correlation of . ............................. 43

Frogmore, La., elevation at.......................... 305

Frostville,' Ark., elevation at.......................... 344

well at. 47,70 '(PI. XXXVII), 82,110,123,126,176-177,55fi 

Fulton, Ark., Arkadelphia clay near.................. 28

Port Hudson beds near............................ 50

water of, analysis of............................... 246

hygienic value of............................. 246-247

wells near .............. 57,79,109,160-163,180,181,246-248

Fulton Lake, Ark., well at.......................... 176-177

Funne Louis Creek, La., elevation at.................. 364

Page. 

FuHston, La., elevation at............................ 367

Furrh, La., well at . 28,34,70 (PI. XXXVII) 131,202-203,285 

Furrh & Co., information from....................... 285

well of................................... 131,202-203,285

Galbraith. R. M., on Pine Bluff water supply ........ 89-90

section by.......................................... 255

Galveston, Tcx., well at............................... 44

Gannett, Henry, elevations by........................ 332

Garland, Ark., eleva,tions at........................... 347

well prospects at................................ 125,126

Garland County, Ark., igneous rocks in............... 28

wells in.................................. 158-159,244-245

Garland Creek, A rk., pressure head on................ 70-80

Garlandville, Ark., elevation near"..................... 342

wells at.......................... 109,162-165,182-183,265

Garrison, Nev., well at.......................... 232-233,322

Gas, occurrence of..................................... 238

occurrence of, map showing ............ Pocket (PI. Ill)

Gas and water vents, views of............. 56 (PI. XXVII)

Gas theory of origin of natural mounds, discussion of. 56-57 

Gates Lumber Company, section by.................. 244

wells of........................... 8S, 120,123,158-159,243

Gault, P. J., section by................................ 273

Genoa, Ark., elevation at............................. 347

Geologie map of Gulf Coastal Plain....... Pocket, (PI. Ill)

Geology, bibliography of.............................. 11-13

discussion of...................................... 14-69

scope of........................................ 10

map showing........................... Pocket (PI. Ill)

Geology, historical, account of........................ 16-66

Georgetown, La., elevations at ....................... 370

well at........................................... 210-211

Ghio Springs, Ark., data on ........................... 88, 263

Gibsland, La., elevations at and near.........:....... 355

Gilbert, G. K., photograph by ............ 58 (PI. XXVIII)

Gilbert, La., elevation at.............................. 369

Gilham, Ark., elevation at and near................... 352

Gilmer Bayou, La., elevation oil ...................... 358

Girard, La. elevation at and near.................... , 379

Gladewater, Tex., well near......................... 230-231

Glaueocia hrannen, figures showing............. 20 (PI. IV)

Glen Rose formation, correlation of................... 19

Glenmore, La., elevation at........................... 376

Gloster, La., elevation at.. .______......_._....._..._. 367

Glyptodon. bones, occurrence of ...................... 50

Goldonna, La., elevation at........................... 374

well at...................."................... 214-215,300

Goodland limestone, character of.................. 16,21,75

correlation of...................................... 21

distribution of..................................... 21

map showing....................... Pocket (PI III)

fossils of, view of............................ 22 (PI. VI)

members of........................................ 21

sections of, figures showing............ (Pocket PI. Ill),

70 (PI. XXXVII)

thickness of........................................ 21,67

water-bearing value of............................ 75

Goodwill Shoals, La., map of.......................... 64

view of................................ 58 (PI. XXVIII)

Gordon Station, La., elevation at..................... 374

Grace, Ark., elevation at.............................. 344

Grady, Ark., elevation at ............................. 345

Grahams Saline, Tex., well at ....................... 228-229

Grand Bayou, La., elevations on.................... 355, 377

Grand Cane, La., elevation at......................... 367

spring near................................... 88,210,211
GENERAL INDEX? 399

Page 

Grand Gulf, Miss , Catahoula beds near.. ... . 42

Grand Gulf formation, correlation of. ...... . 42

Grand Isle, La , elevations at . . .. ... . .. 354

Grand Saline, Tex , salt deposits of... ... .... .29,68

Grant County, Ark , elevations in ........ ' . 341

well prospects m. . . ...... 120

Grant Parish, La , domes in. . . . . 136

elevations in ..... . . .... 369-WO

fort Hudson beds in ..... - 136

well prospects in . . 136-137

wells in. . 48,84111,136-117,210-213,208

Grant-Rapides parish line, La , elevation on .. 370,376

Grant-Wmn parish line, La , elevation on ... 370,387

Orappes Bluff, La , elevation at.. . 374

well at. . 214-215

Gravel Hill, La , elevation at . ... 376

Gravel workings, location of, map showing .Pocket (PI III) 

Gravels and sands, surfleial, water-bearing value of 86-87 

Grayson, La , elevation at .... - 362

Great Raft, effects of . - 60-64

effects of, map showing . 62 (Pis XXXII, XXXIII)

views of . bO (Pis XXX, XXXI), 64 (XXXIV)

formation of. . . .. . . . . 60-62

map showing part of . 62 (PI XXXII) 

open water in, view of . 60 (PI XXX) 

removal of .. . .... - - - - - bO-62

view of . .. ....... bO (PI XXIX)

views of .60 (Pis. XXIX, XXX)

Greenfleld, Ark, wells near . . 194-195

Greenville, Miss , water at, analysis of 318

wells at . . . 48,70 (PI XXXVII),

113,115,110,135,138,144,226-227, 317-31S

Greenwood, La , elevations at and near . . 84,358 

Greenwood, Miss , wells at . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 224-223 

Gregg County, Tex , w ells in .. . . 230-232,320

Greggs Landing substage, differentiation of , . 31

Griffin Springs, La , waters of, analyses of . . . 298

Grimes, T L , information from . 280

well of .. . 130,198-100,2SO

Ground-water table, definition and positions of 72-73

Gryphcea limestone, occurrence ot, in wells.. 277

Gryphcea marcoui, figures showing . . 22 (PI VI)

mucronata, ngures showing . . . 22 (PI VIT)

navia, ngures showing . . 22 (PI VII)

vesiculans, figures showing . .... 26 (PI X)

occurrence of . . ... 26,30

washitsensis, hgures showing. . . 22 (PI VII) 

Guernsey, Ark, elevation at.. . . ... 342

water at, analysis of .... .... 249

wells at .... . . 79,100,164-165,248-249

GulJ Coastal Plain, geology of . . 16-69 

geology of, map showing . . . Pocket (PI III) 

structure of . .... . . 66-69

map bhowmg ... .68 (PI XXXVI)

topography of . ... . . 14-16

salient features of, figures showing- . 14 (PI I)

GulJ series, character of . . 16,22

divisions of . ... . 16 (table), 19,22

descriptions of... . . . . ........ 23-28

Gum Springs Ark , data on . ... . SS.lSB-l 1;?

. elevations at and near .. ... .. 338

Gimlon, Ark , elevations at and near .. ... ... 338

section between Antome, Ark , and, figure showing 116 

water of, analysis of... . . .. . . 240

wcllsat. . . -.26,79,99,109,117,152-155,239-241 

Gypsum bed of, view of . .. ... ..... . 20 (PI V)

occurrence of, in domes ........ ........ 67-68

in Trinity beds.. .... ......... 20

H- Page 

Hager, Lee, on domes . . . . .... ... . .. 67-68

Haidee Shoals, Ark , well on . ... 100-191,270-271

Hames, Keuben, analyses by ... 261-i62

TTalley, Ark, elevation at . 340

Hamburg, Ark , elevations at and nc'ir 336

well at ... . . 146-147,236

Hamburg, La, elevation near . . 354 

Port Hudson beds near 50 

Hamburg terrace, relation of coastal prairies and, figure showing .... 51

Haminea grandis, figure showing . - 38 (PI XX) 

Hammock, T E , sections by . . 244 

Hampton, Ark , well at 148-149,237 

Harden, J C , information on well from 292-293 

section by . . 293 

Harlow, Ark , elevations at and near . . 337 

Harpoon Bayou La elevations at. . . 380 

valley of, character of, figure showing . . 50 

TTarrell, H F , on Kuston water supply 90 

Harrmgton, W A , section by ... .299

Harris, O D , fossils identified by .. 243 272 292 

information on wells from . . . 281, pocket (PI III) 

on Arkansas Tertiary geology . . . 12 

on Arkansas wells . . ... 238

on Frio clays ... .43

on Galveston well 43 

on Grand Gulf series . . .... 42

on Kentucky geology . . Jl 

on Midway stage . . 33,34 

on Sabme formation.. .. .34,36

on subterranean \\ atcrs of Louisiana . 12

photographs by . 42 (Pis XXII, XXIV)

section by. . 309

Harris, G D , and Veatch, A C , on Ta< kson stige 30

on Louisiana geology 13

on Lower Olaiborne formal ion . 37

Harnsburg, Ark, well at. 86,194-190

Harnson County, Tex , wells in . 230-232,320-321

Hamsonburg, La , Catahoula beds at. . ... 43

drainage near, changes in, fgures showing 53,51 

elevations at .... . . 364

ITart, L B , information on well6 from . 307-308,317 

section by ... - - 297 

Hart Well Company, acknowledgments to. 145 

Harts Island, La , well on . 206-207 

Harvey, La, elevation at . 356 

Hatchetigbee substage, differentiation of . 35 

Haughton, La, elevations at . . ..356

well at .. 70 (PI XXXVII), 202-203

Hawthorne, La , elevations at and near . . 384

well at . . . 143,220-221

Hay, O P , on Bingen sand ... 23

Hayes, C \\ , information Irom . 274, pocket (PI III)

on mounds . ... 57

Haynesville, La , well at .. . 210-211 

Hays Landing, La , \\ ell at . . . . 39,

48, 70 (PI XXXVII),210-211,295-296 

Hays Switch, Ark , elevation at .. .... 341

Head of underground water, variations in. . 73 

variations in, maps showing . . 76 (PI XXXIX),

82 (PI XL)

See aho particular formations, locahtte*,, etc 

Hebron, Ark , elevations at and near . .. .. 338

well near . .... ... 154-155

Heflin, La , elevation at. ..... . . J87

Heine, Ark, elevation at . 340

Helena, A rk wells at .30,

48,113,70 (PI XXXVII), 190-191,271-272
400 GENERAL INDEX.

Page. 

Helena, La., elevation at.............................. 365

well at........................................... 210-211

Hemphill, Tex., well near.................... 234-235,324-325

Hempstead County, Ark., Bingen sand in........... 120-121

elevations in..................................... 342-343

Slarlbrook formation in........................... 26

Nacatochsandin................................. 120-121

Port Hudson' beds in.............................. 47

pressure head in................................... 77

Sabine formation in.............................. 120-121

springs in..................... 88,108-159,104-165,170:471

well prospects in................................. 120-121

wells in................... 47,109,120-121,158-171,245-251

Hempstead-Nevada county line, Ark., elevations at

and near................................. 342,349

Henderson, La., elevations at..........-.-.---.--.---- 368

Hendersons Mills, La., elevation at.......--------..... 358

Hensley, Ark., elevation at............................ 352

Herndon, .T. H., analysis by...........................' 320

on Texas domes.................................... 30

Hessmer, La., elevation at.............-.-.-......----- 354

Hickory, Miss., well at.................... 70 (PL XXXVII)

Hickory Creek, Ark., sulphur spring at...-------. 88,104-105

Hicks, Jeff., section by............................... 255-256

Higginson, Ark., well at......................... 198-199,279

Hilgard, E. Vv"., information on wells from.......... 243,317

on Chickasaw formation........................... 36

on Grand Gulf group............................... 42

on Lafayette formation............................ 45

on Louisiana geology.............................. 12

on Mansfield group.............'....-.----.----.... 34

on Mississippi geology............................. 33

on natural mounds................................ 50,59

on Northern Lignitic ......................^....... 40

on Port Hudson terraces.................. J....... 52

on Vicksburg beds................................. 39-41

sections by............:.................. 243, 271,295-296

Hill, II. T., information from.............. Pocket (PI. Ill)

on A rkadelphia shales............................. 28

on Dlockand Qrand prairies.................... 11,12,13

on Brownstown formation........................ 25

on Camden series............................... 34,35, 40

on igneous intrusions......-..........-----...-.--. 29

on Lower Eocene beds............................. 23

on Marlbrook formation........................... 20

on Paluxy formation.....................:...... 137,139

on sedimentation in Indian Territory............. 16

on Texas geology.................................. 19

on Trinity formation......................... 20,137,139

on Washington greensand......................... 27

on \Vashita group................................. 21

on well at Paris, Tex.............................. 125

Hill lands, description of.............................. 15-16

location of, map showing...................... 14 (PI. I)

Hlnes, G. W., acknowledgments to.................... 145

information on well from.......................... 241

section by........--...-.-.....--------..........-.. 266

Hipp, G. B., acknowledgments to..................... 145

well-boring outfits of, figures showing... 90 (PI. XLVI),

98 (PI. XLVII) 

Historical geology, account of.......................... 16-66

Hodge, La., elevation at............................... 371

well at........... 70 (H. XXXVII), 112,137,212-213,298

Hogback Islands, figure showing...................... 66

origin of ....--......................---....-.- -.» 66

Hollingsworth Station, La., elevation at.............. 367

Holly, La., elevations at and near..................... 367

, Page. 

Holly Grove, Ark., elevation near..................... 340

Holly Ridge, La., elevations at........................ 379

well at...:................... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 220-221

Holly Springs, Ark., elevation near.................... 340

Hollywood, Ark., Bingen sand at...................... 23

spring at...................................... 88,154-155

wells at...................................... 109,154-155

Holmes County, Miss., wells in.................. 224-225,317

Homan, Ark., elevations at and near.................. 347

well at.................................... 47,180-181,260

See aZso Dooleys Ferry. 

Hope, Ark., elevations at and near.................... 342

landslip bench near, view of.................. 20 (PI. V)

:- spring near........................... 88,170-171,249-250

water near, analysis of............................. 250

waterworks at............................ 92,108-169,249

wells at.27,28,70 (PI. XXXVII), 79,88,109,121,104-171,249 

Hope, La., elevation at................................ 377

ITopewell, Ark., spring near......................... 148-149

I-Iopewell Church, Ark., elevation at................... 351

'I-Iopkins, F. V., on Jackson group..................... ( 39

on Louisiana geology.............................. 12

on Mansfield group................................ 34

on mounds.........................'................ 52

on Vicksburg group.. -............................ 41

HopMns County, Tex., wells in.............. 232-233,321-322

Horatio, Ark., elevations near....................... 352-363

Horizons, water-bearing. See Water-hearing horizons. 

Hornbeck, La., elevations at and near................. 384

Horse Bayou, La., elevations on....................... 373

Hortman, La., elevation at............................ 387

Hosstown, La., elevation at........................... 359

Hot Springs, Ark., igneous rocks at................... 28

Midway formation in.............................. 33

waterworks at..................................... 92

well at................................... 158-i 59,244-245

Hot Springs County, Ark., elevations in............... 343

Midway limestone in................ .,-.............. 33

wells in.............................. 121-122,170-171,252

Hot Springs-Clark county line, Ark., elevation at... 339, 343 

Houston and Shreveport Railroad, elevations on..... 328

Houston County, Tex., wells in.................. 232-233,322

llovey, , information on well from................... 275

Howard, La., elevations at............................ 377

Howard County, Ark., elevations in................... 343

Marlbrook formation in........................... 20

springs in..................................... 88,174-175

wells in................... 77,120,122,124,172-175,252-254

Ilowcott station, La., elevations at and near.......... 370

Hoyt, F. S., section by................................ 311

Hudson, C. D., acknowledgments to................... 145

on cost of wells.................................... 109

sections by................... 246,247,248, 251,200,260,267

Hudson, Ark., elevations at and near................. 346

well at............... 70 (PL XXXVII), 124,178-179,259

Iludspcth, Ark., elevations at and near............... 338'

Hughes, La., elevation near........................... 356

ITughos Spring, Tex., well at........................ 230-231

Hunter, La., elevation at.............................. 366

Hurricane Creek, Ark., elevation on................... 341

Hurricane Creek, La., elevations on................... 362

Hyams, La., elevation-at. .............................. 374

Hydraulic grade, figure showing....................... 73

Hydrologic sections, plate showing...... 70 (PI. XXXVII)

Hygienic value of deep-well water, statements concerning......................................... 90-91

Hynsons Iron Mountain Spring, La., data on ......... 230
GENERAL INDEX. 401

I.

Iddings, J P , on domes .. 

Igneous rocks, character of . .

distribution of map showing.

intrusion of, effects of

time of 

Illinois, Tertiary fossils in.

Page 

..... . 07

..... . 28

Pocket (Fl III1

16,29,67

28 29

31

Independence County, Ark Midway limestone in. 33 

Indian Territory, formations in . lb-17,20,22-23

formations in, correlation of Texas and Arkansas

rocks and, section showing 17,19

natural mounds in .... 56

structure in, map showing . 68 (PI XXXVI) 

Indianola, Miss well at 70 (PI XXXVli), 84,226-227 

Irma, La , elevation at . 371 

Iron furnaces, location of map showing Pocket (PI III) 

Iron Mountain Railway, liead along . 79 

Iron Spring La , data on .

water of, analysis of. .. 

Iron Springs, Ark , data on 

Iron water, occurrence of map shoving

Irvings Bluff La elevations at 

Issaquena County, Miss , wells in

80,139,214-211 302 

. 302 

184-1Sj,266 

Pocket 

(Pis XLI.XLII) 

359 

224-225

Ittabena Miss wells at 70 (PI XXXVII) 84 224-226

Jacks Island, Ark , well on . 108-109,277-278 

Jackson, Miss , well at 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Jac kson epoch, conditions during _ . 32 

Jackson formation, areas underlain by, map showing

character of . . 

deposition of

figure showing . . 

distribution of 

map showing

fossils of .

figures showing

occurrciu e of, in wells

. 32 (PI XVj 

. 10 (table), 39,75 

- . . 32,69 

Pocket (PI III) 

. 39,138

Pocket (PI III) 

.39,213-244,272,292 

32 (PI XIV), 

38 (PI XX), 40 (PI XXI) 

133,

138,24,3,256,271-272, 274,205, "307,300,316,317 

outcrop of, view of. 40 (PI XXII) 

sections of, figures showing . Pocket (PI III),

70 (PI XXXVII) 

synonomy of * . ..... 39

view ol . 40 (PI XXTI)

water-bearing ^ alue of . 7",

Jackson Parish, La , elevations in .. . . 370-371

well prospects in 137

wells in .. 112,137,212-213,208

Jackson-Lincoln parish line, elevation at. 371,387

Jackson-Winn parish line, La , elevation on . . . 371

Jacksonville, Tex , well at. . ... 230-231

Jamestown, La , elevation at . . . 335

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 200-201,282

Jasper County, Tex, wells in.. . . . 232-233

Jefferson, Ark, elevation at . . 341 

Jefferson, Tex , well at 70 (PI XXXVIT), 232-233,322 

Jefferson County, Ark , elevations in .... . 343-344

springs in . 88,174-175 

wells in . 110,122-123,174-175,255-256 

Jefferson-Lincoln county line, Ark , elevation on . 344,315 

Jefferson-Saline county line, Ark , elevation at .. 344,352 

Jefferson Spring, Ark, elevation at . . 344 

Jena, La , elevations at and near . . . . 364

Jennrngs, La , section at, figure showing ...... 45

Jeters Landing, La , elevation at _.. . ... 359

Jetting process, description of ....... .. ... . 103

Page 

Jotting process, view of ... .. . 104 (PI L)

J ewella, La, elevation at . ... . 359

Johnson, L C , on White limestone.. 30,41 

Johnson, L C , and Smith, E A , on Alabama geology . 33,35,36 

/ Johnson, L C , Langdon, D V." , ind Smith, E A , on 

' Alabama geology . ... 34,35

Johnson, W W , infoimation on well from. . . 252

well of ..... 172-173

Johnson Spring, Vrk , elevation at.... ... . 353

Johnston, H H, figure by. * .. . . . 58

Jones, H H , acknowledgments to....... .. 145

section by ... ...... 300

Jones T L section b> .. . . . 254

Jones and Fnsby mill, \rk , ele\at\on at . . 350 

Jones Bayou, La , well at . ... 208-209,292

Jones station, La , elevation at . . 373 

Jonesboro, La elevations at and neai ... 371

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 112,137,212-213,298 

J onestown. Miss, well at 70 (PI XXXVII) ,113,119, 224-225 

Jonesville, La, elevations at . . 3f>4 

Juengst, H F, section by. . 287 

Juglans schimpen, figure showing . 34 (PI XVII) 

Junction City, Ark , elevation at .... . 353

Junction City, La , elevation at .. .. .... 384

Tur issic time, events in . .. .. ...... . 17

K.

Kaiser, E H , analysis by. .. ... .. . 255

Kansas, natural mounds in . . . . 55

Kansas City Southern Railway, elevations on. 328-32y

well of . . 194-195

Kansas City, Watkms and tiulf Railroad, elevations on 329

Kearnov station, Vrk, elevation at. . . . 344

Keatclne, La , elevation at.. ... . . 367

Keatchie Bayou, La , elevation at . .. ,359 

Kedron, Ark .elevationat... . . ,339

well at 70 (PI XXXV1D, 110, 118, 120, 123, 15ft-157 

Keische Creek, La , elevations on. . .. . 387

Keiser, E H , analyses by. .. ... 249,276

Keithville, La , elevations at .... . 359

Kelloggs Landing, La , elevation at . 371 

Kelly, La , elevation on. . . . 302

Kemp, Ark , elevations neai . 350 

Kemlworth, La , elevation it ... 377 

Kennard, Tex , well at 232-23,3,322 

Kennedy, J L , section bj . _ 206 

Kennedy, AYilliam, information from 322, pocket (PI III) 

on Fajette sands... .. ,30,42

on Fleming clay . 43 

on Fno clays . 43 

on ligmtic beds... . 34

on Midway formation . 33-34

on Yequa clays. . 39

section by . , . 313-314,323

Konneker, H C , information on w ell from 307

Ke\, R B F , information on well from.. . . 241

Kcyton, Ark, Nacatoch sand at.. ... ... 27

wells at ..... 154-105

Kiamichi formation, correlation of . . 19,21

fosbils of, figures showing . 22 (PI VII)

Kidds Spur, elevation at . . .. 330

Killebrew, ! B , on Lagrange group..... 40

Kinder China, La , section of, figure showing . 45

Kings Salt Works, La , dome at. 31,34,70 (PI XXXVII)

Midway limestone at . 30,31,34

water at, analysis of. ... 282

wells at - .... 70 (PI XXXVII), 88, 200-201, 282
402 GENERAL INDEX.

Page. 

Kmgsland, Ark , elevation at.. ...... 339

wells at and near . 70 (PI XXXVII), 110, 118,156-157, 242 

Kingston, La , elevations near . .... 307

Kiomaehe, Tex , well at.. ...... . . .. .234-235,324

Kirby, Ark, elevation at... .. .... . . . 351

Kirks Ferry, La , elevation at .. .... . . 364

Kisatchie Wold, location of, map showing. .... 14 (PI I)

origin of.. ... ...... ... 15,42

Kitchens Creek, La , elevation on . . . 370 

Knobel, G , elevations supplied by. .. . 329

Knobel, Ark, well at. .. ... .154-155,241

Kress City, Ark , elevations at and near. .. 344

wells at . ... 70 (PI XXXVII), 123

See also Bolmger, Ark

La Grue Springs, Ark , data on. . .88,140,21(5 

La Nana Bayou, La, elevations on . ... 380

La Eosen, La, elevation at . 359

Lackland, Ark , well at... 182-183,184-1S5

Lafayette County, Ark , elevations in 344-345

flats in . ... 53

Wells in. .... 47,110,120,123,17t)-177, 250-258

Lafayette County, Miss , Lafayette formation in . 45

Lafayette-Columbia county line, Ark , elevations on 339, 344

Lafayette formation, character of . 1C, 44-40,75

distribution of . .44-46,124,130

map showing . Pocket (PI III)

occurrence of, in wells 242,247,257,259, 201,205,274

outcrop of, view cf.. . . 40 (PI XXV)

seution of, figure showing .. .... 45

thickness of . . 45-40 

water-bearing beds of, area of, map showing .. Pocket (PI XLIV) 

watei-beanng value of 75,86-87 

water in . ... 45

Lagrange group, correction of... . . 34,35,40

distribution of . 124 

See also Eocene, undifTerentialeil 

Lake End, La , elevation at ... . 377

well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 11.', 139, 141,218-219,312

Lake One station, La , elevations at . . 371

Lake Point, La,, well at. i~, 70 (PI XXXVII)

Lakes of Ked River Valley, drainage of . . 15,01-62

drainage of, maps showing . 62 (Pis XXXII, XXXIII)

effects of, views of ... . b() (Pis XXX, XXXI)

64 (PI XXXIV) 

formation of . . . .... 59-62

map showing .... . .62 (Pi XXXIH

location of, map showing. .... . 15

origin of, theories of ..... (>2

views of. . . .64 (PI XXIV)

Larn.ir, La , elevation at. .... ..... 360

Lamar County, Tex , Annona chalk in ... . 25

Lamothe, La, well at ... . 218-219,311

Lainoune, La , elevation at. . - -. .. 370 

Landernau, La , elevations at. .... . 302,379

Landslip benches, formation of.... . .. . . 59,06

view of.. ..... . .. ... .20 (PI V)

Lanesburg, Ark, elevat on near.. . . 349

wells at. . ... 79,109,182-183,2<»

Lanesport, Ark, well at ... . . . . 47

Lanes ville, La , elevation at...... . 387

well prospects in . . . . 143

Langdon, D W , on Alabama geology . 35 

Langdon, D W , Smith. E A , and Johnson, L C , on

Alabama geology 

Langley, Ark , elevation near

34,35

351

Lavender, Luther, acknowledgments to 

Lawhon, La , elevation at 

Lawrence Creek , Aik , elevations on 

Lea, Isaac, on Claiboinc formation 

I.eags Mineral Spring, Ark , data on 

Leeompte, La , elevation at

waterworks at

well at

Lee Wnght Creek, La , elevat ons on . 

Lees Springs , Ark , data on 

Leesville, La , elevations at and near 

Leflore County, Miss , wells in ... 

Leland, La , well at

Page

... . 145

. 355

342

30

88,146-147,230 

370

92,218-219

130,140,218-219

387

88,174-175

384-385

224-225

70 (PI XXXVII),

84, Hi, 134,142, 208-209,292-293 

Lena, La , Catahoula formation neai.... 43

Catahoula formation near, view of. 42 (PI XXIV) 

elev.i tion at. .. . . . 376

Leich, Otto, on Cockfleld member . 38

on Jackson group . . 39

on Louis'ana hills . . .12

on mounds .. 56

Lester, Ark , elevations at 350

Levifusus biannen, figures showing 38 (PI XX)

trabeatns, occuirenc e of . . 243

Levin station. La , ele\ at'on at 376

Levy, C IT , sect on by . . sol

Lewis, La , elevat ons near 359

Lewisville, Ark , elevation at 344

wells at 7(1 (PI XXXVII)

Liberty, Ark , elevat on near . 350

Lignite, occurrence of . . 23,34,37,40

map showing . Pocket (PI III)

Ligntt e foimat on, correlation of .. 34,35

See also Sabme format on 

Lilley, Aik, elevat.on at . . 350

See also Onalaska

Lill e, La , elevation at. . . 384

Lint oln County, Aik , elovat ons in . 345

well prospects in.. 123-124

wells m . 176-177

Lincoln Parish, La , elevat ons in . . 371

springs in . 88,212-213

wells in ... . 112,1S7,212-213,298-293

well prospects in. . . 137 

Lincoln-Jackson paiish line, La , elevat on on .. 371 

Lmeoln-TefTerson county 1'ne, Aik .elevation on . 344,345 

Limlale, Tex , well near . . . 234-235 

Lindera venusta, figure show.ng .... 24 (PI VIII)

Lindgrove, La, elevation at ... . 373

Linwood, Aik, elevat on at . . . . . 344

Lisbon, La , spring near . ... 88,210-211,294

Lisbon beds, correlation of. .... . . 36

Lissie, Ark, elevation neat .. . . 351

Literature conceinmg region discussed ..... . 11-13

Little Bay, Ark , elevation at ... ... 337

spring neai ... . 148-149

well at. . . . 115,120,148-149

Little Missoiiii Rivei, Aik , elevations on. . 339,349 

gravel on . 46 

gypsum bluff on, view of . ... 20 (PI V)

Nacatoch sand on ... ... 27

well prospects on .... 117

wells on . 70 (PI XXXVII)

Little Kivei Ark , description of .. 2b4

elevations on . . . 342,346,304,370

water of, analysis of . ...... 264

wells on 70 (PI XXXVII),80,133,136 

Little Kiver County, Ark , elevations in .. . . . 345-347
GENERAL INDEX. 403

Little River County, Ark , Lafayette beds in 

Poit Hudson deposits in. 

springs in ... 

well prospects in

Page 

124 

124

88,170-179 

124-125

wells in . 47, 77,109,124,176-179,258-200

Little Rock, Ark , igneous rocks neai . . 28

Midway limestone near . 33

watorvvoiks at. . . 92

Little Terre Ilouge Creek, elevations on . . 349

Lobdell, La, well at . . . 222-223

Loch Lomond, La , well at . . 220-221,315

Lockesburg, Ark , wells near.. . . 70 (PI XXXVII),

74,75,129,196-107

LockesburgWold, Ark .location of, figure showing 14 (PI I) 

origin of ..... . 15

Lockett, S TT , on drainage of lied River lakes 01 

on mounds. . . . 50-61

on sulphur spungs in Louis ana . . 294 

Lockwood station, La elevation at .. . 377 

Locust Bayou, Ark, elevation at . . 337 

Lodi, Ark , elevation near . . 351 

Lodi Ferrj, Ark , wells at. . .... 102-103,247

Loess, deposition of . . 52 

Logansport, La, elevation at . . 307 

Loggy Bayou, La , elevation on .... . 377

Logtown, La, elevations at. . . 374 

well at . . 214-215,303 

Lone Star, Tex, well neai . . 230-231 

Long, Ark, elevation at . 346 

Long Island, N Y , diagrammatic section of, showing

relations of perched vvatei table. . . 72 

mud volcanoes on ... . ' 57

view of . .56 (PI XXVII) 

wells on ... . . 82,01,108

Long Spring, Ark , data on 88,158-150, 245

Long Springs, La , data on . 89,222-223

ele\ ation a1 . . 387

Longvievv, Te.\ , well at . 230-231,320

Longvvood, Miss well at . . 226-227

Lonoke Countj, Ark , wells in 173-179,260

Lonng, La , elevations at and near . 380-381

water of, analysis of . . . 312-313

wellat 70 (PI XXXVII), 112,141,220-221,312-313

Lost Creek, Ark , elevation on .. .341

Loughrnlge, R H on Kentucky geology . 31

Louisiana, northern, altitudes in 108-223, 327-335,351-387

artesian area in, map showing Pocket

(P's XLl,XLIl),8fi (PI XLIll)

geologic map of . Pocket (PI. 111) 

geology of . 16-hO 

land anil water in, during Cictaceous and Tertiary "

time, maps showing IS (PI II)

mineral springs and waters in . 87-89

rainfall in, amount of . . 70

map show ing . 71

stream valleys in,character of,figure showing oO

structure of 00-09

map showing . 68 (PI XXX VI)

topographic features of . 14-ib

figures showing . . 14 (PI 1)

underground water in, development of. . 01-02

water-bearing horizons in . 74-87

areas of, maps showing Pocket

(Pis XL1,XLII,XLIV),SC (PI XLIll)

sections showing . . 70 (PI XXXVII)

table of . . . 7,5

waters of, anal jses of . . 270-280,

282, 283,298, 302,304,305, .313, 314,315,316,317

Page 

Louisiana, northern waters of, head of, variations in,

map showing . . 82 (PI XL)

well prospects in . . . 130-144

wells in . Passim 

Louisiana and Arkansas Railway, elevations on 329-330

wells of . . .30,143,156-157,214-215,242,300 

Louisiana-Arkansas State line, elevations on . 336,

339,345,357,372,386 

Louisiana Ceological Survey, cooperation with 11

information from .. Pocket (PI III) 

Louisiana Railroad and Navigation Company, map of

62 (PI XXXIII)

Louisiana-Texas line, elevation on . 301 

Lowdermilk, Tames C , acknowledgments to ... 145 

Lowdermilk, John, acknowledgments to . . . 145 

Lower Claiborne See Claiborne 

Lower Cretaceous rocks, character of 16 (table), 20-22,75

distribution of . . 20-22 

map showing .. . Pocket (PI III)

sections of, figures showing . Pocket (PI III)

water-bearing horizons in. . . 74-76 

Lower Cretaceous time, land and water in, map showing . 18 (PI II) 

Loyd, La , well at ... 218-219 

Luella, La , elevation at . . 374

wells at 47, 70 (PI XXXVII), 83,136,139,144,214-215,300 

Lufkm, Tex , well ,it . . 228-329,310 

Lufra, Ark, elevation near . . 350 

Lums, La , elevation at . . . 372 

Lupton, La , elevation at , . 367 

Lydia, Tex, well near . ... 234-235 

Lyell, Charles, on earthquakes . . 65

on loess ... 52

on Red Hiver lakes ... . (,2 

Lyles Branch, La , elevation on . . 387 

Lyon, Miss , well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 113,119,224-223

JVI.

McClanahan Shoals, La -Tex, map of . 04 

McDowell, S, section by .. . .293

McGee, \V J, on Lafajette formation . 43 

McGehee, Ark , elevations at and near 340-341 

Mclvamic, Ark , elevation at . 345 

McKmney Bayou, Ark , springs on . . 264 

McNabbs, elevation at . . . 342 

McNeil, Ark , elevations at and near . . J39 

MeNimm, F A , information on well from . 230 

McWillic Lake, La , dead timber in, view of 60 (PI XXX) 

Macedonia, Ark, spring at . . . 88,150-157 

Macrocallista (Chionella) solinna, figure showing .. 42

(.PI XX111)

Madison Parish, La , elevations in . 371-372 

Port Hudson beds in. . ... 137

well prospects in. . 137-138 

wells in ... ... 212-213,299

Miigda, La , elevation at . 370 

Magnenat, L E , analysis by . . . 321 

Magnesia springs, Ark , location of, and data on 88,

156-157,178-170

elevation at . . 340

Magnet Cove, Ark , igneous rocks at . 28

Magnolia, Ark , elevation at . 340

spring near . . . 156-157,242

water of, analysis of ... .. 242

Magnolia hilgardiana, figure showing 34 (PI XVII) 

Malaria, decrease of, due to change to deep-Hell water . 90-01 

Mallett, I W , analysis by . . . 318 

Malvern, Ark , elevations at 343
404 GENERAL INDEX.

Page 

Malvern, Ark , Port Hudson beds at .... . . .13

wells at and near 121-122,170-171,252

Manchester, Tex, well at . . 234-235

Mandeville, Ark , elevations at and near . . 347

Port Hudson beds at ... so

well at .... 180-181

Mangham, La , elevation at ... ,379

Manney, W M , section by .. 274

well ol . . - - 127192-193,274

Mansfield, La , elevations near. . ... ,367-368

well prospect!, at . 135 

Mansfield group, correlation of. . . 34,35 

Mansfield Junction, La , elevations at and near. 367 

Mansura, La , elevations at . . 354 

well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 111, 198-199 

Many, La , elevations at and near. . . . 381

stieam valleys neat, ch,iiacter of, figuie showing 50 

V- ell at. . .. 220-221

Many dome, La , description of ... . 30,31,34

effet-t nf . 141 

Map of areas underlain by Bipley Cretaceous and

Eocene. . .32 (PI XV) 

of Bmgen artesian area . PoLket (PI XXXVIII) 

of Catahoula aitesian area .. 80 (PI XLIII) 

of Cockfleld artesian area . Pocket (PI XLII) 

of Good win Shoals . 64 

of Lafayette vviitei-hearing area. Pocket (PI XLIV) 

of land and water areas in Cretaceous and Tertiary - 18 (PI II) 

of MeClanahan Shoals .... 64

of Many dome and vicinity ... . 50

of Nai atoch artesian area . . Pocket (PI XXVII) 

of Port Hudson water-bearing aiea Pocket(Pl XLIV) 

of Prescott and vicinity. . . 80 

of Red River division . . 63 

of Red River lakes . 15,62 (PI XXXIII) 

of Sabme artesian jrca 82 (PI XLI) 

showing location of hjrtrologic sections . 70

(PI XX.XVII)

showing overlap of Cietaeemis and Tertiary rocks 18 

showing relations ol domes and salt wells .30 (PI XIII) 

showing topograpliy , 14 (PI I) 

showing variations 111 head of underground water 76 

(PI XXIX), 80,82 (PI XI,)

Map, geologic, of Gulf Coastal Plain .. Pocket (PI III) 

Marbut, C F , on Port Hudson ten aces. . . 51 

Hat le Saline Landing, Ark, well on . . .198-199,278 

Marine mollusks, beds containing, ureas underlain by,

maps showing . . 32 (PI XV)

Marion County Tex , wells in ? ... 232-233,322

Maiksville, La, elevation at and near . . . 354

wells at. . . -.111,130,200-201,280-281

Marksville Hills, La , Port Hudson escarpment on,

view of ... . 46 (PI XXV)

Majlbrook, Ark , MatIbrook formation at . 26 

Marlbrook foimation, chaiacter of.. . . . 16,22,26,75

correlation of. . .... 19

distribution of . . . 23,26

map showing . . Pocket (PI III)

fossils of. ... 22,20

flguies showing . . . 26 (Pis, X, XI)

occurrence of, in wells . 237,

238,240,249,251,259,260,261,265,267,295

sections of, figures showing . . . 116,

pocket (.PI III), 70 (PI XXXVII)

thickness of. . - ..... ... 20

water-bearing value of. ....... ... 75

Marshall, Tex , wells at and near

Marthaville, La , elevation at . 

fossils at

well prospeces at

Martin Junction, La , elevation at 

Mason, F B , information from . 

Mastodon bones, 011 nrrence of 

Matthews Landing beds, correlation of 

Mattocks Spring, Aik , data on 

Maury, C J , on Frlo clays . . 

Mayer, August, infoimation from .

n ell of. . 

Mayersville, Mist,, wells at

Page

. 70 (PI XXXVII),

131,230-231,320-321

374

- - 35

139

355

324

51

33

. . 88,156-157

4,3

288

. 206-207, 2S8 

48,224-225,317

Maxwell, W , infoimation on well from. . 236 

Mechamcsburg, Miss , wTe!l at . . 226-227 

Megalonyx bones, occurrence of ... . 51

Megathei mm bones, occurrence of . . 51 

Melrose, Tex, well near . 232-233,323 

Melville, La , well near 220-221,314 

Memphis, Tenn , wells at . - 48,70 (PI XXXVII) 

Mena, Aik , wells at . 194-195,274-275 

Meuke, A E, analysis by . . . . 253,254

Met Rouge, La, elevation at . . ^73 

well at. . ... 212-213,300

Meredith, S R , acknowledgments to .. 145 

sections by . 251,252,253,259,276-277 

Mendian, Miss , well at . . 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Mesaha daibornensis, figuie showing . 30 (PI XIX) 

Met/, .analysis by. . . 130 

Miehaelson, C M , information on well from .. 275 

Middle Fork, La , elevations on ... 384 

well prospects on . . 134,137 

Midd.eton formation, correlation of ... 33 

Midkiff Bayou, La, elevations on . 381 

Midwaj epoch, history of . . ,31 

Midwav formation, areas underlain by, map showing . . 32 (PI XV) 

chaiacterof . 1C (table), 32,75 

distribution of ,31,33-34 

map showing .. ' Pocket (PI III) 

fossils of, figures showing 32 (PI XIV), 34 (PI XVI) 

occuiiencc of, in wells . 114, 

130,132,134,135,257,261,265, 2&5,286,288, 205 

sections ol, figures showing . Pocket (PI III),

70 (PI XXXVII)

synonymy of . 33 

thickness of . 34 

water-bearing value of. ... . . 75

Midwayan stage, correlation of . . 33

Milford, Ark , well at ... 196-197

Mill Creek, Tex , well on . . 228-229,319

JDllei County, Aik, elevations in. . . 347-349

springs in . - - 88,178-179

well prospects in 125-126

wells in . 47,110,125-126,178-181, 260-265

Millers Bluff, La , Great Raft at, view of 60 (PI XXX)

Milhkens Bend, La , elevation at . 372

MillVllle, Ark, well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 127,188-189,268

Milner, Ark , elevat ons at and near ... 340

spring at ... 88,156-157

Milton, A 1J , acknowledgments to. . 145

Mmden, La, elevation at.... . . . 387

springs at . ... ... 88,222-223

waterworks at . . . . 92,222-22,3,316

wells at . 70 (PI XXXVII),82,112,143,222-223,315-316 

Mincola, Tex , well at. . 234-235,325-326
GENERAL INDEX. 405

l-age

Mineral Springs Ark , Bmgcn saml at. . '23 

springs at . . 88,174-175,253 

water at, analysis of . . . 253 

wells at... . .... 174-175

Mineral springs, and waters, origin of 87 

pollution of ... .. 87

utilization of. S7-89 

Mint Spring Bayou, falls on, view of ... 42 (PI XXII) 

Mmter City, Miss, well at . . 224-225 

Miocene tinio, condit ons in . 16 (table), 44 

Missionary, La , elevations at and near. . ,. 359 

wells at 47,70 (PI XXXVTI), 82,111,126,202-203,285 

Mississippi, northwestern, altitudes in . . .. 221-227

geologic map of . Pocket (PI III)

geology of 22,31,32,35,38,40,41,42, 43,45,48,52

map showing. . . . Pocket (PI III)

land and water in, during Cretaceous and Tertiary

time, maps showing. . 18 (PI II) 

structure of, map showing 68 (PI XXXVI) 

water-bearing horizons in .. . . . 75,85

sections showing ' . 70 (PI XXXVII) 

waters of, analyses of .. . . . 318

wells in... . ... . 48,224-227

Mississippi embayment, history of . . .19,22,31-32,41,44

history or, maps illustrating 18 (PI II), 32 (PI XV)

Mississippi River, bed of, depth of, below sea level. .. 14

lied of, depth of, lielow banks 47

elevations on. 365-366,372,382

flood plains of Ouachita River and, relations of 14,55

map illustrating . 14 (PI I)

valley of, wells m... ... ... 83,142

Mississippi River Commission, information from, map

showing . ... Pocket (PI III)

on depth of Mississippi River.. . . . 14,47

wells of . .224-225,226-227,271-272,295-206,317,318 

Mississippi Rivet, Hamburg and Western Railway,

elevations on . . . 330 

Missouri, natural mounds in .. . . . 57

sand cones and " sand sloughs " in 57 

Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway, elevations on 330 

Ultra millingtoni, figure showing . 38 (PI XX) 

Moechel, Robert, analysis by . 312-313 

Monroe, La , elevations at and neat... . . 375

water at, analyses of. 304,305 

\v aterworks at ... . . 92,210-217,304

wells at and near. 48,70 (PI XXXVII),84,112,

135-136,137,138,140,141,142,143,216-217,303-304

Moreauville, La, elevation at ... . 354

Morehouse Parish, La, elevations in . . 372-373 

Port Hudson beds in . . . . . 138

well prospects in .... .. . 138

wells in . . .138,212-213,299^300 

Moreland, La, elevation at. . . . 37G

Moro Spur, Aik , elevation at ........ 350

Morrell, Ark , elevations at and neat .... . . 330

Morris, Ark , elevation near '.. ... . . 349

Morris County, Tex , wells m ... 232-233,322 

Morris Ferry, Ark , Bingen sands at ....... 23

elevations near. . . ... ... 346

well at .... . ........... 76,129

Morrow, C A , section by ... ...... . 312

weUsof ..... ..... ..... 140,218-219,312

Morton, Tex , well at . ... . ... 230-231

Montana group, subdivisions of ........... . 19

Montcrcy, La , elevation at........ ... . 366

Montgomery La , elevations at and near . . 370,374

fossihferous Jackson outcrop at, view of. 42 (PI XXII)

Monticello, Ark., elevations at and near ..... .. 341

Page 

Monticello, Ark , waterworks at .. . °fl, 158-159, 244

wells at . . 85,110,113,123,158-159,244 

MontiLello, Ark -Abbeville, La , section through, flgare

showing . . 51 

Monticello Hidge, Ark , Port Hudson deposits on . 113 

Montrose, La , elevations at and ncai . 336,374

wells at 47,70 (PI XXXVII), Hb-139,214-215,300 

llontvalc Springs, La , data on 330-231,321

water of, anah s s of . 321 

Moore, C B , acknowledgments to 145

information on well fiom 246

section by 205 

Moorhead, Miss , well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 116, 119,226-227 

Moonngspoit, La , elevations at and near Jo9

lake neat, view of 64 (PI XXXIV) 

Moscow, Tex , well near . . 232-233 

Mound, La , elevations at ... 372

well at. 47, 70 (PI XXXVII), 212-213,299 

Mounds, natural, distribution of . . 16,55-56

formation of, theories of . 56-59

material of, i haracter of ... 55

views of. . . 54 (PI XXVI) 

Mount Enterprise, Tc-x , well at. . . . . 234-235 

Mount Pleasant, Tex , well at . 234-235 

Mount Vernon, Tex, well at. . . 230-231 

Mud cones, views of . 56 (PI XXVII) 

Muddy Fork, Ark , elevation at . 343 

Muelher, , analyse by . . 250 

Munson, R A , information on well from 262-264

sections by. 201,265 

Murfrcesboto, Ark , elevation at and near . . . 351

gypsum near . . 20 

view of . 23 (PI V)

pendotite dike near . 28 

location of, map showing . Pocket (PI ITI)

spring at . 88, 112-193

Trinity beds near . . 20

wells at . . . . 192-193,274 

Myers, \ W , section by . . 2SO-2S1 

Mvlodon bones, occurrence of 51 

Myriea longa, figure showing . . 24 (PI VIII) 

Myncks Fcrr>, la , well at . . 220-221 

Myrtis, La , ele\ations at and near 359

Nacatoch Bluff A rk , section at . . 27 

vew at ... 28 (PI XII) 

Nacatoch sand, artesian wells from, aiea of, map showing Pocket (PI XXXVIII) 

character of . - 10,22,26-27,75,73 

correlation of - - 19,27 

dip of ... 69 

distribution of . 22,20-27,116-117,120-121,120 

map showing ... . Pocket (PI III)

elevation of, map showing . Pocket (PI XXXVIII) 

fossils of .... - .... 27

figures showing ... 26 (Pis X, XI)

occurrence of, in wells 117, 120-121, 124-125, 126,

132, 134, 135, 1%, 139, 144, 237, 238, 240, 241, 246,

247, 248, 249, 251, 259, 260, 261, 266, 267, 286, 295

outcrop of, elevation of . . 78-79

view of. . 28 (PI XII)

pressure head in . -- . - 79-80

variations in, near Prescott, map showing ... 80

sectionsof.. . . ......... ...... 27

figures showing . . ... 116, pocket (PI III)

70 (PI XXXVII) 

springs Irom . . . ...... . . . . '78
406 GENERAL INDEX.

Page. 

Nacatoch sand, water-bearing value of...... 75,77,78-81,117

water in............................................ 26

analysis of..................................... 240

head of, variations in, map showing. 76 (PI. XXXIX) 

wells to............................................ 26-27

cost of......................................... 78

Nacogdochcs, Tex., oil field of, location of, rriup showing............................. Pocket (PI. Ill)

oil field of, .stratigraphic position of........--.---. 68

Nacogdoches County, Tex., wells in......... 232-233,322-323

Nadaillac, Marquis de, on mounds .................... 56

Naheola beds, correlation of........................... 33

Nanafulia substage, differentiation of................. 3.5

Nancy Lang League, Tex., well at................... 228-229

Nashville, Ark., elevations at.......................... 343

well at....................................... 174-175,253

Natchez, Miss, /wells at.................. 70 (PI. XXXVII),

134,142,224-225,317 

Natchitochcs, La., elevation at........................ 374

location of, reason for............................. 60

springs at................................. 88,214-215,302

waterworks at............................ 92,214-215,302

wells at and near.................... 70 (PI: XXX VII),

84,112,136,130, 144,214-215,301-302 

Natchitochcs Parish, La., Catahoula beds in .......... 138

Cockfleld member in............................. 138-139

dome in, salt wells at. arrangement of, map showing. ............................... 30 (PI. XIII)

elevations in.........--............-.--......-'-.. 373-374

Port Hudson gravels in............................ 138

springs in.................................. 88-89,214-215

wells in............ 47,84,112,136,214-215,138-140,300-302

Natchitoches-Red River parish line, La., elevations

at........................................ 374,377

Natchitoches-Vernon parish line, well prospects near.. 138 

Nathan, Ark., elevation near.......................... 343

Natica, occurrence of............................ 243, 244.272

Nautilus dekayi, occurrence of........................ 33

Navarro formation, correlation of..................... 19

Ncal Springs, Ark., elevation at--..........--...--.... 353

Neame, La., elevations near..........'................. 385

Neches River, Tex., evidence of recent movement on .. 64-65 

Fleming beds on................................... 44

rapids on --.--...-............---....--..--...-.... 64

Negreet, La., elevations at............................. 381.

well at............................... 141,220-221,313-314

Negreet Salt Works, La., wells at................ 89,220-221

Nelson , Henderson, acknowledgements to............. 145

informs) tion from ............................ 237,239,241

sections by -.-.---.-............---.......--........ 237

Nelson, Ark,, elevation at............................. 341

Nevada. County, Ark., Bingen sand in................. 126

elevations in..................................... 349-350

Nacatoch sand in.................................. 126

Sabine formation in ............................... 126

springs in..................................... 88,180-181

wells in.............................. 110,180-189,265-267

Ncvada-Hempstead c.ounty line, Ark., elevations at

and near................................. 342,349

New Boston, Tex., wells at...... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 228-229

New Era, La., elevation at............................ 368

New Hope, La., elevation near........................ 343

wellsat...................................... 208-209,292

New Liglit, La., elevations at and nea.r.............. 382-383

New Louisville, Ark., elevations at and" near.......... 345

wells at and near................................... 47,

82,83,118,121,123,126,176-177, 257-258 

New Madrid, Mo., earthquake at, lakes formed by .... 62

Page. 

New Madrid, Mo., earthquake at, sand cones and sand

sloughs produced by....................... 57

New Orleans and Northwestern Railway, elevations on 330 

well of........................................... 210-211

New Roads, La., well at............................. 216-217

Newport Landing, Ark., well at................. 190-191,270

Newton, H. C., section by ............................. 242

Newton County, Tex., Oligocene fossils in............. 43

Nicholas Bayou, La., elevation on...................... 377

Ninock, La., elevation at.............................. 356

Nix, Ark., elevations at and near...................... 340

Nix Creek, Ark., character of.......................... 263

Noble, La., elevations hear.......................... 381-382

well at ............... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 141,220-221,314

Noble Lake, Ark., elevation at........................ 344

North Cypress Creek, La., elevation on................ 374

Northern Lignitic formation, correlation of........... 35, 40

occurrence of, in wells............................. 271

Nugent station, La., elevations at and near........... 370

O.

Oak Ridge, La , elevation at........................... 373

well at........................................... 212-213

Oakville beds, correlation of........................... 42,43

Oculina mississippiensis, figure showing.... 42 (PL XXIII)

vicksburgcnsis, figure showing.......... 42 (PI. XXIII)

Odin, La., elevation at................................. 367

Ogamaw, Ark., elevations near........................ 351

Ogden, Ark., elevations near.......................... 346

well at.................... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 178-179,259

Oil, occurrence of...................................... 68

occurrence of, map showing........... Pocket (PI. Ill)

relations of natural mounds and............... 55

Oil City, Tex., wells at............................... 232-233

Oil Spring, Tex., well at......................... 232-233,323

Okolona, Ark., Cretaceous bed s at..................... 25, 26

elevations at and near ............................. 339

wells at and near.................... 109,117,154-155,241

Old River and Kissatchie Railway, elevations on...... 330

Oldham, R. D., on earthquakes....................... Ga

Oligocene rocks, character of............ 16 (table), 40-44, 75

deposition of....................................... 40-41

distribution of..................................... 40-44

map showing....................... Pocket (PI. Ill)

divisions of........................................ 41-42

sections of, figures showing............ Pocket (PI. Ill)

water-bearing horizons in, value of................ 75,86

Oligocene time, land and water in, map showing. 18 (PI. II) 

Oliva gracilis, occurrence of............................ 243

Oliver, K. N. P., section by.......................... 274-275

Olla, La,., elevation at............................'..... 364

 wells at and near............. 84,133,134, 208-209,293-294

Omaha, Tex., well near.......................... 232-233,322

Omega, La., elevation at.............................. 372

Onalaska, Ark., elevation at........................... 351

well at........................ 70 (PI. XXXVII), 188-189

Orange, La., elevations at and near.................. 385-386

Orbitoidal limestone, correlation of.................. 41

O'Reilly, Miss., well at... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 116,119,224-225 

Orton, Ark., elevation at.............................. 346

Osbornes Ferry, La., elevation at..................... 369

Ostrea compresserostra, figure showing..... 34 (PI. XVIII)

crenulimarginata, figure showing ........ 34 (PI. XVII)

occurrence of................................... '33

franklini, figure showing..................... 20 (PI. IV)

occurrence of................................... 20

larva, figures showing....................... 26 (PI. XI)

pulaskansis, figures showing.............. 34 (PI. XVI)
GENERAL INDEX. 407

Page

Ostrca pulaskansis, occurrence of - 33

quadriphcata, figures showing 22 (PI VII)

sellscformis, figures showing - 30 (PI XIX)

occurrence of . . 37,322

subspatulata, figure showing 26 (PI XI)

occurrence of 27

thirsa;, figures show.ng 34 (PI XVIII)

occurrence of . 35

vioksburgens s, figure showing 42 (PI XXIII)

sp, occurience of . 30,241

Otts Bayou, La , elevation ut . . 368

Ouachita County, Ark, elevations in. . 350-351

gravels in .. 126-127

well prospects in . 126-127

wells in . _ 110,126-127,188-101,267-271

Ouachita Mountains description of ... - 14

well prospects in 116,121,128

Ouachita Parish, La , elevations in 374-375

well prospects in - 140

wells in . 112,140,214-217,302-306

Ouachita Rivei, Bingen sand on 23

Claiborne [urination on . 37

diversion of . . 53-54

figures illustrat'ng. . 53,54

elevations on 336,337,330,351,353-354, 362-363, 364,375

fault crossing, section shotting . 66 (PI XXXV)

flood plains of Mississippi Rivei and, lelations ot . 14,55

figure showing . 14 (PI I)

gravel on .46

landslips along, islands formed by. . . 66

figure showing 66

Midtt ay limestone on . .33

slioals on . 14,54,64

figure showing . 54

\ alley of . . . 14

swampmg of . 16 (table)

wellpiospectson - 114,115,117,110,121,127,129,130,133

wells along 70 (PI XXXVII),

85, 133, 146-147,148-149,190-101, 106-100,208-209,

216-217,220-221,269-271,277-279,200-202,204-306

Overflow Cieek, Ark , well prospects near . . 114

Owen, D D , analyses by 242,249,251, 266, 260, 276,277

on Arkansas geology . .11,12

on Arkansas wateis . 236,241,277

on natural mounds . 56

sections by. 237,241,244

Oxfoid, La, clc\atum at . . 368

Oxford, Miss , wells at ... 70 (PI XXXVII)

Oyster prairies, occurrence of.. 37

Ozan, Ark , elevation at . 342

wells at and near 70 (PI XXXVII), 120,170-171,250-251

O?an Creek (Middle Fork), Vrk , elevations on. . 342

P.

Packton, La , elevation at

Paleozoic locks, distribution of map showing

occurrence and charactei of. 

sections of, figures showing

Palestine, Tex , wells at and near 

Farmer, La , elevation at ... 

Paluxy formation, correlation of. .

distribution of . . . 

Panola County, Tex , wells in 

Paraclifta, Ark , well at . . 

Paracyathus alternatus, figures showing

bellus, figures showing. .

1393 No. 46 06 28

387

Pocket 

(PI III) 

14,16-17

Pocket (PI III),

70 (PI XXXVII)

228-229

. . 386

. . 19

. . 137,139

232-233,323

196-197

. 36 (PI XIX) 

.. 36 (PI XIX)

Page

Pans, Tex, well at. . 24,70 (PI XXXVII), 77,124,125 

Parkdale, Ark , elevations at and near . . 337 

Parker County, Tex , Trinity beds in. 20 

Parkville, La, elevation at . 373 

Parsons Crook, La , elevat on on . 371 

Patten, V A , information on well from 325-326 

Patton, A H , section by 268 

ttellof. . 70 (Fl XXXVII), 188-189,268 

Paxton, Toseph, on Great Raft - - 60 

Peale, A C , on mineral springs of United States 11 

Peck, La , elevations at and near. 364,360 

Pectcn poulsoni, figure showing . 42 (PI XXIII) 

Pectunc'ulus sp , occurrence of ^7 

Pelican, La, elevation at . . . . 368

Peneplain, figure showing ... .17

formation of ... 17,44

Penrose, RAF, on Fayette beds 42

on Wills Point clays . . 33

Perched ground-water table, explanation of 72-73

relations of, figure show ing. 72

value of. . .. 72-73,86

Fengeethe Shoals, Ark, well on . .198-190,278

Personella sepdentala, figure showing 36 (PI XIX)

Peters, , section by . - 240

Petty, D G , information from 300

Phillips, F C , section by 287

Phillips, J M , acknowledgments to 14,5

Phillips County, Ark , wells 111 190-191,271-272

Phos hilll, occurrence of 243,272

Pirkermg, La, elevations near . 86,386

well at 143 220-221

Pike City, Ark, elevations at . 351

wells at . 192-1<H, 274

Pike County, Ark , Bingen sand in . 23,120,127

elevations in 351

gravel in . 127

pressure head in 77

springs in . . 88,102-193

Trinity sand in - 20,127

well prospects in . 120-127

wells in . ... 77,110,117,120,126-127,190-193,272-274

Pimpled prairies, name of . 55

See alto Mounds

Pine Bluff, Ark , elevations at 344 

springs near . . . .' . .88 174-175

water of, anal} sis of... 255

hygienic value of . S'i-90

waterworks at, 92,174-175,255

wells at and near . 4S,70(P1 XXXVII),

84,89-90,110,113,118,119,120,123,174-17r>, 255-256

Fine BlnlT and Western Railway, elevations on . 331

Pmeprame, Ark , well at . 146-147,236

Pmeville, La , elevation near - . . 376

wells at ... 218-219,311

Piney Creek, La , elevations on 374

Piper, C V , on natural rhounds. 59

Pittsburg, Tex, wells at - ... 230-231

Flam Dealing, La , elevation at . 356

Plaster Blutl, Ark, gypsum at ... 20

gypsum at, view of - . . . 20 (PI V)

pleasant Hill, La, elevation at . . 382

spring at . . - - 80,220-221

water at, analysis of. ... 314

Pleistocene rocks, character of . 16 (table),50-59 75 

degradation and deformation of . .'16,46-50,52-55 

deposition of ... ... 10-52

distnbut'on of . . . 50-69 

map showing .... . . Pocket (PI III)
408 GENERAL INDEX.

Pleistocene rocks, occurrence of, m wells 

water-bearing hori7ons m ....

Pleistocene time erosion in .

Pleurotoma denticula, occurrence ol 

mfans, octurrence of ... . 

sp , of curreiif e of .

Page 

. 260

75

46-50, 5?-55

. 244,272

243

243

Pliocene deposits, character of 16 (table), 44-46, 75

distribution of - 44-46

water-bearing horizons in . 75

Plymouth, La , elevation at 382

wellat. 70 (PI XXXVII), 112, 141,220-221

Pomsctt County, Ark , wells in . 194-195 274

PomtcCoupee Parish, La , \vclls in . .. 216-217

Poland, La , elevation at ... 376

Polhomus, J II , figures by - 04

Polk CminU, Ark , walls in - . .104 10", 274-273

Polk County, Tex , wells in . 232-233,323

Pollock, La , elevation ut . 370

well dt 86,111,134,210-211,207

Poole, La, elevation nt . . . 306

well at . . . 47,111,202-203

Pope, Tox, well at. . 22S-229

Pope County, Ark, wells in .... . 194-195

Pophcr, Tex , wells at and near 228-229 

Porosity, depth limit of ... 72 

Porous rocks, seepage through.... 70

Port Gibson, Miss , well at 70 (PI XXXVII),

142,224-225,317

Port Hudson formation, character of . 16 (table;, 50-55,75

distribution of . 50-55,113-143

map showing Pocket (PI III)

deposition of - 50-52

erosion of . .... 52-53

fossils in . - ....,." 51

natuial mound in, view of . - 54 (PI XXVI)

occurrence of, m wells 236,237,211,242,243,255,2"57,

258,2 59, 2bO, 268,271,27(1,279 280,284,285,280,288,

295, 206, 207, 299, iOO,304,308 300,311,312,316,317

outcrop of, view of 46 (PI XXV)

region of, well deyelopment in. ... yi

sections, of, figures showing Pocket (PI III), 45 

thickness of redeposited Lafayette and Quaternary beds and . . . . 47-48

water-bearing beJs of, area of, map showing . Pocket

(Pi XLIV)

water-bearing value of ... 75,86-87 

Port Luce B 1} on. La , elevations on» . 387 

Port Union, Lu , elevations at and near .. . . .383-384

Porter Oreek group, correlation of . . 33 

Portland, Ark , elevations at ,1 ml near .... . 337

wells at .. . .. 114,14b-147

Post-Office Department, information from, map showing Pocket (PI III) 

Powell, J W , on White Cliffs chalk .... 25

Prairie Creek, La elevations on ... 386

Praineville station, Ark , ele\ation at . . 345

Prescott, Ark , elevations at and near 34U

Lafayette gravel near, view of . 46 (PI XXV)

natural mound at, view of. - - 54 (PI XXVI)

vicinity of, map of, showing variation in head of

underground water ... 80 

waterworks at .. 92,188-1S7,2b6 

wells at and near. .. 78,79,110,182-189,26j-266 

See also Black Creek 

Pressure See Head 

Preston, La , elevation at ..... . 360

Preston formation, correlation of ..... 19,21

distribution of, map showing . . . Poeket (PI III)

Prices Salt Works, La , dome at ...... 30

water at, analysis, of ... . 317

well at . . . . 89,222-223,317

Prmceton, Ark , elevations at and near . ... 340

spring near . . 88,156-157

Providence Lake, La , elevation at . 368

wellsat. 48,70 (PI XXXVII), 135,144,210-211,296

Provmral, La , elevation at 374

Pseudodiadema texanum, figures showing 22 (PI VI)

Pseudoliva vctusta, figures showing 32 (PI XIV)

vetusta, occurrence of 33,244,272

sp, occurrence of . . . 40

Pugnollus densatus, figure showing. 26 (PI X)

Pnlaski County, Aik , Eocene beds in. ... 128

well prospects in . 128

wells m . . . 128,104-105,275-270

Pulaski-Salme count} line, elevation at . 352

Pullin, A L, acknowledgments to . 145

sections by 284, 285,286, 288,316

Pullman, Ark , elevations near. . 35i

Pumping, cleaning out liy . 107

Punched w ells, method of making , 97

Pnrcell, J IT section by . 274

Purdue, A II , on natural mounds .. 59

section by 252

Pyburn, La , elevation at . . 387

wellat . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 137,222-223

Q.

Quality of well water See individual wells, formation

names, etc

Quaternary deposits, character of lb (table), 46-66,75

distribution of 4b-66,86-87,113-143

map showing Pocket (PI III)

occurrence of, in wells. 2i7,238,239,241,242,243,246,247,

25,5,256,257,258,259,260,261, 268,

274, 276,279, 280,284,285, 286, 288

region of, wells in. . 107,110-112

sections of figures showing . . Pocket (PI III)

thickness of Port Hudson beds and 47-48

\\ater-beannghori7onsin .. . . 75

Quaternary time, erosion m . . 46-50,52-55,59-66

Quebec, La , elevations at and near .... 372

Quitman County, Miss , wells in .. . . . 226-227

R.

Radford, W T , elevations supplied by .. . . 331

Raft, Red River See Great Raft

Railways, elevations of, map based on . Pocket (PI III)

information from, map showing Pocket (PI III)

names of, abbreviations for . . 335

Rainfall, absorption of .... . 70

amount of.. ... . . . .70

map showing. . . 71 

Ram's horn grab, figure showing . 9h (PI XLVI) 

Ramsay, Ark , elevation near ... 340 

Ramsey, J K . information from . 277 

Randolph, La , elevation at . . 384 

wellat . 70 (PI XXXVII),112,142,220-221 

Rankin, Ark , ele\ation near . . . . 346

Rapides, La , elevation at and near .. . 376 

wells at and near . . ... 108,112,218-219,312

Rapides Parish, La , elevations in . . . . 375-376

Port Hudson gravel in . . ... 140

well prospects m . .140

wells in . 48,108,112,138,140,143,216-219,dOb-312

Rapides-Grant parish line, La , elevations on d70,376/

Rapids, production oi . 16 (table),59,64-65
GENERAL INDEX. 409

Page 

Havana, Ark , elevations at and near .... - 347

Rayburns Salt Works, La , Cretaceous fossils at 30 

water si t, analysis of 283 

well at . . ... .88,200-201,283

Ray ville, La , elevations at . . . - - 379 

Reagan, J II , on Zimmerman water supply - 00 

Recent rocks, character of . 16 (table), 75 

water-bearing horizons in . - 75 

Recent time, events in . . 50-66 

Rector, n M , information from ... . 244-245

well of . .. . - 158-159,244-245

Red Fish, La , elevation near... .... ... - 354

Red River, character of. .... ....... 264

deflection of ......... -- - - - 59,6°-03

map showing----. .... ..---- 63

deposition in . . . . .... 61-62

views allowing . . . . 00 (PI XXXI)

elevations on . . . .. - 14,

342,345, MR, ,i48,354-355,350-357,.WO, 366,370,374,376,377 

gravel on ... ........ - 46,125

Port Hudson beds on.. ... . .... . ,. 50

raft on Scr Great Raft

rapids on. .... . . . 63-64

silt in, \iewsof. ...... . .. . 60(P1XXXI)

tributaries of, hikes on. .... . 14-15

lakes on, figure showing. .. - - 15 

valley fill on, thickness of.. . . . 47-48

valley ol, lakes of See Lakes of Red River Valley 

water of, analysis of ... ... . . 204

well prospects on^ .. . ..123,125,120,136,138,140

Red River, Ark, wells along ... . 70, (PI XXXVII),

82,86,124,125,131,100-161,176-179,

1 180-181,204-205,240,258-259,260,286

Red River-Alabama Landing fault, movement on. 16(table),

51,59,62,65-66,68 

Red River County, Tex , Annona ehalk in ..... 25

wells in ......... . . . 234-235,324

Red River Pa rish, La , elevations in ........ 370-377

Port Hudson beds in...... . ... . 140

springs in ... ... .. ... 89,218-219

well prospects in ----- . - - - . 140-141

wells in ...... .. 84,112,139,140-141,218-210,312

Red Kiver-Bienville parish line, ele\ation at . 355,376 

Red River-Bossier parish line, La , elevation at.. 357,376 

Rt>d River-Natchitoches parish line, La , elevations

on. . . 374,377 

Redheld, Ark , elevations,it.... ... 344

well at. . 70 (PI XXXVII), 113,120,174-175,256 

Recd\ille, Ark , elevation at... . . ... . .341

Register, Ark , elevation near....... .. . 349

Remhaidt, J A , information from ...... 258

well of. .... ... ....... 170-177,258

Relsor, La , elevation at ...... . . ...... 360

Rhodessa, La , elevations noir..... ...... . 300

Richlaml, La, well at . . ...... .218-219

Richlancl Parish, La , elevations in..... .. . . ... 377-379

well prospects in... . ........ . 141

wells in ..... . . .. ..... 141,220-221

Ringgold La , elevations at and near. . .. 356

Ripley formation, areas underlain bv, map showing .... . ... 32 (PI XV)

section of, figure showing 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Rison, Ark, elevation at ........ . 339

wellsat . . 70(P1 XXXVII),85,118,156-157 

Eitts, B V , section by ..... 275

Rivers, well fluctuations due to . . 80 

Riverside, Miss , well at....... 70 (PI XXXVII), 220-227

Riverton, La , elevations at and near.. . ...... . . 363

Page 

Rob Roy, Ark , elevation at... ............. . ... 344

Robhms, W H , information from...... ... 245

well of. .... . . ..... 120,158-159,245

Robehne, La , elevation at ...-.-.. 374

well prospects at . . ...... . - 139

Roberti, L,i, elevation at. ... .... ... 357

Robertson, T B, on mounds. .... - 50

Robertson, T \V , work of. . . ..292

Robinsons Ferry, Tex , well at ... - . 37,

70, (PI,XXXVII), 84,85,141,234-235,324

Robson, La , elevation at.. ... .. 360

well at. .. . 47,70 (PI XXXVII) 111,131,204-205,286 

Rochelle, La, elevation at .... . ... ,370

well at .... . . . . 70 (PI XXXVII),

84,111, 133, Io4,136,144,212-213,297 

Rock Creek, Ark , elevation on. ... . . . 351

Rock Row Shoals, La , well on. .. 70, (PI XXXVII),

216-217,306 

Rocklund, Tex , Catahoula sandstone near .. 43

Catahoula sandstone near, quarry in, view in . 42

(Pi XXIV)

well at...... . . . . . 143

Rocky Bayou, L.i, elevations on. . 375 

Rocky Comfort, Ark , Annona chalk at.. . .. 25

wellsat . . 109,124,178-179,259-260 

Rocky Mountain, Ark .landslip bench on, view of- 20 (PI V) 

Rohwer, H , elevations .supplied by . 330,331 

Rolyat, Tex , wells at and near . . . 70, (PI XXXVII),

228-229,319 

Rosborough Spring, Tex , data on. . .. 230-231,320

water of, analysis of.. .. 320 

Rose, Mien, section by.... .. 253

well of.. .. . . 77,172-173,253

Rosfe Pine, La , elevations near ..... ... 386

Rosedale, Miss .wellsat. . .. 70, (PI XXXVII),

113,119,123,224-225 

Rosefield, La , Vicksburg beds near . . ... 41

Rosstown, Ark, elevation at . .... 350

Rotary process, description of.. .. . . . 10o-105

figures showing. ....... . . .. , 106 (PI LI)

Roton, Ark, elevation at ... ... . . 341

Rowland Raft, Ark , well on .... . 198-100,279

RuleviUe, Miss , well it - . 70 (PI XXXVII), 119,226-227 

Rusk, Tex , well at . . . . 230-231

Rusk County, Tex , wells in . . . . . 234-23r,

Russcllville, Ark, well at . 194-195,275 

Ruston, La , elevations at and near... . 371

spring near . . . 88,212-213

water near, analysis of. ... 298 

hygienic value ot- - .... 90

waterworks at . . 92,212-213,299

wells at and near...... . 70 (PI XXXVII),

84,90,112,137,142,212-213,298-299 

Ryan, La, elevation at.... . . . . . 384

S.

Sabmc County, Tex , Claiborne fossils m ..... . . 30

wells in ........ . . . 234-235,324-325

Sabine epoch, history of. ... ... . 31-32

Sabme formation, areas underlain by, map showing .. . . 32 (PI XV)

artesian area of, map showing. . . Pocket (PI XLI) 

character of.. . . - - 16 (table), 34-36,75

deposition of, . 31 

distribution of .... . . 31,

84-36,116-117,118,120-121,126,131-132,135,141,142

map showing. - . . Pocket (PI III)

elevation of, map showing. . Pocket (PI XLI)
410 GENERAL INDEX.

Page

Sabme formation,fossilsof,flguresshowing. 32(P1 XIV), 34

(Pis XVII, XVIII) 

natural mounds in, views of.. .. 54 (PI XXVI)

occurrence of, in w ells .. .... .. .. . . 113,114,

115,116-117,118,119,120-121,122,12%126,127, 

129, 1&, 131,133, 13-1, 135,136,137, J38,130,140, 

141,14 i, 144,242,256,257, 258,261,268,2S3, 284, 

285,2SO,288,295,298,300,301,304,312,315, 310 

sections ot, figures showing - - 70 (PI XXXVII),

116, pocket (PI III)

synunjmy ol. . - - .14

thickness of . . .' 3fi

watel in . . 34-35

head of, variations in, map showing 82 (PI XL)

water-bearing value of -. - - 7'), 83-84,89-90

Sabmc Parish, La , elevations in . 379-3S2

oil spring in ... 08

springs in . . . 89,220-221

well prospects in .. . - 141-142

wells in - 83,112,141-142,220-221,313-314

Sabme-De Soto parish line, La , elevation on. . 368

Sabme Ri\er, La , elevations on . . 386

Eo( ene beds on .. . . 35,36,17

fossils on . - . - 35,37

merging of Port Hudson and alluvium on 53

shoals and rapids on . 14,16 (table), r>9,04

maps of ..... 04

section of .... 65

view of . ... .. . 58 (W XXVill)

well prospects in . . . ... 112-143

wells on. . . . . 86,142

Sabme River beds, correlation of . 34

Safloid, J M , on Lagrange group 34,35,40

on Memphis well . - . . 48

on Middletun formation . .. 33

on Porters Cteekgloup... . . 33

St Francis Count}, Ark , wells in . . 191-195 

St Joseph, La , well at. .. 70 (PI XXXVII), 220-221 

St Landrv Palish, La , wells in .. 220-221,314 

St Louis, Iron Mountain and Southein Radway, elevations on .... . JJl-3,)2

section by ... 260,275,293-294

wells of ... - 27,81,84,

113, 111, 118,119,123,128,1,33,134, lib, 139,140,

146-147,148-149,152-153,154-105,158-159, 104-

165,178-179, ISO-181,194-105,198-100,208-209,

210-211,212-213,210-217,241,245,218-249,256,

260,270-276,279,293-204, 297, 299,300, 307-308

St Louis Sampling and Testing Company, anal} sis by. 241)

St Louis, San Francisco and New Oilcans Railway, ele- -

vations on .... . . . 332

St Louis Southwestern Railway, elevations on 332 

wells of . ..... 174-175,230-231,255

St Maurice, La, elevations at... . . ,357

well piosperts at. .. 138 

St Stephens White limestone, coirclation «I. . 41 

Saline Ba>ou, Aik , elevations on .. . . 117,339

Saline Bayou, La , elevations on. .. ... .. 374,387

Saline County, Aik, elevations in . .352 

Sabine formation in .... .. . las

well prospects in ..... . 128

Saline-Jefferson county line, ^rk , elevation at . 344,352

Salme-Pulaski county line, elevation at .. 352

Saline Landing, Ark , water at, analysis of . . 254

wells at - - ...... . 77,125

Saline Rivei, Ailc, elevations on. . .'. . 337,352 

wells on . ... ...... ...... 70 (PI XXXVII)

Pags

Salisbury, R D , and Chamberlin, T C , on Red

River lakes . . .. 61

Salix hayei, figure showing . 24 (PI VTII) 

Salt beds, origin of . . . .. ... 67-68

Salt works, location of, map showing.., . . . 30 (PI XIII), 

v pocket (PI III)

See also Drakes, Puce, Bisteneau 

Samples station, Aik , elevation at........ .... 344

ban Augustine, Tex , well near ...... . 234-235

San Augustine County, Tex , Claiborne beds in ... 36

wells in ... ... ... 2,34-235

San Patnce Bayou, La , elevations on ... 382 

Sand cones, views of . 56 (PI XXVII),58 (PI XXVIII) 

Sand pump, view of ... ... 9fi (PI XLVH

Sand-pumping tools, desciiption of .... . 99-102

view of ...... . 9« (PI XLVI),102(P1 XLIX)

Saiideis, Ark , elevation at 344 

Sands and gravels, sin flcial, water-beai ing value of. 86-87 

Sandspur, La, elevation at . . 370

well at . . . . . 136,212-213,297 

Sandstone quarries, location of, map showing. . Pocket

(PI III) 

Sandy Bois d'ArcCreek, Ark , elevations on.... . . 343

wells along ... . . . 162-165,248

Sandy Cieek, La , elevation on .... 386

Sans Sout i, La , spring at. . .... 89,214-215

Sanford, L C , section by . . . . . 311

Sapmdus angnstifohus, figure showing 34 ^Pl XVTT) 

Saratoga, Ark, Marlbrook formation at .. 26

welk.it ... . 109,174-175,254

See nho Saline Landing

Saratoga chalk marl, occunenec of . .. . .. .. 26 

Saratoga \\old, location of, map showing . . 14 (PI I)

origin of ... ... . 35

Sarepta, La, elevation at . 387 

Satartia, Miss , well at 70 (PI -XYXVII), 135,226-227 

Satuiation, zones of See Zones of saturation 

Savles Branch, La , elevations on . 386 

Stajihaica lesueuii, figure showing 42 (PI XXIII) 

Schcuman & Bros , information on well from . .. 249 

Schloenpaehialeonensis, figuies showing 22 (PI VII) 

Schuchett, Charles, fossils collected by, figure showing . . 40 (PI XXI) 

Schwai?, E A , on ant hills- . -.58 

Scott Lake, Ark , well at. .. . . 180-181

Seotts Bluff, La , elevation at..... . . 334

Screening, process of . ... .. . 107

Scaroy, La , elevations at and near . . 364 

Security, I a, elevation at . . . 364 

Sedimentation See Deposition

Selma chalk, section of, figure showing 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Sevier County, Ark, Bmgen sand in.... .... . 129

elevations in. ......... . . . . 352-S53

springs in ..... ............. 88,104-197

well prospects in .... ..... 128-129

wells in ....... . 77,124,129,194-107,270-277

Seyms, G H, analysis by . ..... ... .. 267

Shaler, M K, on natural mounds . .... 55

Bhanks, Oscar, acknowledgments to .......... 145

sections b} . 289-290,207,300,310,311,314 

Sharpe, W B , section by ... ... 255

Shaw, Miss, well at . ..... 119,224-225

Shelby County, Tex, wells in . . ... 234-235

Shell Beach, La , section at, figure showing . 45 

Shepard, E M, on mounds .... . 57

on Red River lakes . . ... 62 

Slieppard, Aik, elevation at ... ... 343
GENERAL INDEX. 411

Page.. 

Sheppard, Ark., wells at............................. 104-165

Sheridan, Ark., elevations at and near................ 341

well prospects at................................... 120

Sherrili.Ark., elevation at............................. 344

Shields, W. A., information............................ 312

Shover Springs, Ark., data on.................... 88,170-171

Shreve, H. M., on Great Baft. ...._.........'............ 60,61

Shreveport, La., elevations at and near.......'........ 361

lakes near.........'................................. 60

springs near.................................. 88,204-205

waterworks at..................................... 92

wells at and near............... 47,70 (PI. XXXVII), 81,

88,101, 111, 131-132,135,136,139,143,204-207,286-288 

sections of, diagram showing.................. 132

Shreveport Junction, La., wells at. 70 (PI. XXXVII), 206-207 

Shreves Island, La., well on..................... 206-207,288

Shuptine, D. R., acknowledgments to................. 145

Sibley Station, La., elevations at and near............ 387

Sibley, Lake Bisteneau and Southern Railroad, elevations on...................................... 332

Sicily Island, La., elevation at......................... 304

loess on ........................................... 52

relation of Ouachita drainage and, Tgure

showing.................................... 54

Sicily Island Hills, development of.................... 54

Silo sandstone, correlation of.......................... 19

Silt, accumulation of, in Red River, view showing ................................ 60 (PI. XXIX)

Simmsboro, La., elevations at......................... 371

Simmesport, La., elevation at and near............... 355

Smackovcr Creek, Ark., elevation on................... 351

Smackovcr Shoals, Ark.1, well on................. 190-191,271

Smead, Ark., elevations at and near................... 33~7

Smith, Frank, acknowledgments to................... 145

Smith, E. A., on Alabama geology.................... 33,36

on lignitic beds.................................... 34

on White limestone ................................ 39,41

Smith, E. A., and A'ldrich, T. H., on Grand Gulf beds.. 42 

Smith, E. A., and Johnson, L. 0., on Alabama geology...................................... 33,35,36

Smith, E. A., Johnson, L. C., and Langdoh, T). \V., on

Alabama geology.......................... 34,35

Smith, G. S., section by................................ 252

Smith, R. W., acknowledgments to....../............ 23,145

information from.................................. 253

well of.................................... 23,172-173,253

Smith, Willa,by, information on well from............. 253

well of.................................... 77, 172-173,253

Smith County, Tex., wells in.................... 234-235,325

Smith Lake, La., elevation at......................... 36-3

Smithland, La., well at.......................... 208-209,292

Smith ton, Ark., elevations at and near................ 339

wells at and near................................ 154-155

Smithville, La., section at, figure showing............. 45

Snydcr, S. Y., section by...-.......................... 287

Snyder, W. H., and I>avis, W. M., on Red River lakes . 61 

Sodo Lake, La., elevations on......................... 361

phases of, maps showing............. 62 (PI. XXXIII)

Sodus, La., elevation ut............................... 382

Solkland, A. H., information on well from............. 236

Sonnet Bayou, La., elevations on...................... 387

South Cypress Creux, La., elevations on............... 374

Southern Lumber Company, elevations of............. 332

wells of............................... 85,114,119,146-147

Spillman, W. T., on mounds........................... . 59

Spirit Lake, Ark., elevation at......................... 345

Spring and well records, table of, and notes on...... 145-324

Spring Creek, La., elevation on........................ 376

Page 

Spring Hill, Ark., elevations at and near.............. 343

wells at and near........................ 109,170-171,251

Spring Hill, La., elevation at.......................... 387

water of, hygienic value of ..........---....--..... 90

well at.......... 70 (PI. XXX VII),90,112, K3,222-223,316

Spring theo ry of origin of natural mounds, discussion of. 56-57 

Springhill, La., well at............................... 218-219

Springs, bibliography of............................... 11-13

occurrence and character of. See formation 

names, localities, etc.

production of, by perched water table, figure showing......................................... 72

records of, discussion of, scope of...-....----.-..... 10

Springs, mineral, table of.............................. 88-89

Sprudel, Ark., elevation at............................ 343

well at....................................... 109,162-163

Stafford, La., elevation at............................. 304

Stamps, Ark., elevations at ami near.................. 345

well at.... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 83,110,118,123,176-177,258

Stanton station, La., elevation near................... 366

Star View place, La., well at..................... 208-209,292

Starkeville, Miss., well at................. 70 (PI. XXXVTI)

Stateline, La., well at............................ 111,210-211

State Salt Springs, data on............... 88,176-177,178-179

Stay, La., well at................................ 212-213,297

Steele switch, La., elevation at........................ 369

Steins Bluff, La., elevation at......................... 384

Stephens, Ark., elevations at........................... 351

Stevens, Tex., well at............................... 234-235

Stoer, Charles, section by.............................. 312

Stoer & Backus, acknowledgments to.................. 145

Stonewall, La., elevation at........................... 368

Strainers, natural, formation of....................... 107

figure showing.."................................... 107

Stratigraphy, discussion of............................ 14-C9

table of ........................................... 16

Strong, W. A., acknowledgments to................... 145

section by .......................................... 304

Structure, discussion of........--.......----......----- 66-69

map showing.......................... 68 (PI. XXXVI)

Stubbs, L. W., elevations supplied by...-.-------..... 335

Stuttgart, Ark., wells at...................... 48,146-147,236

Sub-Clarksvillc sand, artesian wells from, area of, map

showing................ Pocket (PI. XXXVIII)

character of..................................... 16,25, 75

dip of.............................................. 69

distribution of................ 25,118,121,124,125,137,139

map showing............... Pocket (PI. XXXVIII)

sections of, figures showing....... 24,70 (PI. XXXVII)

water-bearing value of .............-------........ - 76,77

See also Bingen formation. 

Sucarnochee formation, correlation of................. 33

Sulphur City, La., sand cone at, formation of......... 56-57

Sulphur River, Ark., character of..................... 263

Sulphur Spring, Ark., data on........ 88,146-147,104-165,236

Sulphur Springs, La., data on................ 89,232-234,322

Sulphur Springs, Tex., well lit............... 232-233,321-322

Sulphur water, occurrence of, map showing........ Pocket

(Pis. XLI, XLII) 

Sulphur Wold, location of, map showing ......... 14 (PI. I)

rocks of............................................ 15,28

Sumpter, Ark., well at........................... 146-147,236

Sunflower County, Miss., wells in.................... 226-227

Sunshine, Ark., elevation at........................... 337

Surrey, La., wells at and near................... 206-207,28$

Button, Ark., wells at............................ 188-189,267

Sweet Home, Ark., well at... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 128,194-195 

Sylvester, I. W., elevations supplied by............... 327
412 GENERAL INDEX.

Page. 

Sylvester, I. W., section by............................ 309

Synonymy, symbols of................................ ^33

tables showing. See formation names. 

Syro, Ark., well at................................... 190-191

T.

Taflf, J. A., figures by.................................. 17

Information Irom...................... Pocket (PI. Ill)

on Annona olialk .................................. 25-26

on Gryphsea vesioularis............................ 30

on Indian Territory deposits................... 16,19,20

on mounds......................................... 56

photograph by...... ....................... 28 (PI. XII)

section by.......................................... 21

Talfor,R.B., photographs by. GO (Pls.XXIX, XXX, XXXI) 

Tallulab, La., elevations at............................ 372

Tamo station, Ark., elevation at............:......... 344

Tannehill, La., elevation at............................ 387

well at............... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 112,137,222-22a

Tanyard Springs, La., data on...................... 228-229

Tar River, La., valley of, character of, figure showing. 50 

Tarbington, Tex., natural mound near, view of....... 54

(PL XXVI) 

Tarrant County, Tex., Trinity sand in................ 20

Taylor, Ark., elevation at............................. 340

wells near ..... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 82,110,143,156-157, 242

Taylor, La., elevation at............................... 356

Taylor formation, correlation of....................... 19

Taylortown, La., elevation at......................... 357

Tchula, Miss., wells at.... 70 (PI. XXXVII), 84,224-225,317

Tenaha, Tex., natural mounds near, views of. 54 (PI. XXVI) 

sand cones at...................................... 56-57

view of............................. 56 (PI. XX VII)

Tendall, La., elevation at.............................. 372

Tennessee, wells in..................................... 48

Tensas Parish, La., elevations in.................... 382-383

well prospects in................................... 142

wells in...................................... 142,220-221

Tensas River, La., elevations on.......... 14,364,366,372,383

Termites, hill of, description of........................ 58

view of.................................. 58(P1. XXVII)

Terrace, view of.-............................ 46 (PI. XXV)

i'erraoes, Port Hudson, figures showing............... 51,53

location of, map showing..................... 14 (PI. I)

occurrence of................... 16 (table), 49,50,51,52^53

Terrc Noire Creek, Ark., elevations on........"......... 339

Nacatouh sand on.................................. 27

well prospects on.................................. 117

Tertiary rocks, character of........ 16 (table), 31-46,75,81-86

divisions of................................... 16 (table)

description of.................................. 31-46

occurrence of............................. 31-46,81-86,114

overlap of.................................... 119,126,140

figure showing................................. 18

region of, wells in.................. 91,94,107,108,110-112

sections of, figures showing............ Pocket (PI. Ill)

water-bearing horizons in......................... 75

Tertiary time, erosion in.................... 16 (table), 44,46

land and water in, map showing............. 18 (PI. II)

Tetanthera prsecursoria, figures showing..... 34 (PI. XVII)

Texarkana, Ark., elevations at and near............ 348-349

springs near...................................... 88,263

water at, analyses of ............................ 261-262

water prospects at, report on.................... 262-264

waterworks at........................ 92,180-181,261-.264

wells at ..... 70 (PL XXXVII),81,99,125,180-181,261-264

Texarkana, Tex., wells at.............................. 26,

70 (PI. XXXVII), 76,79,126,228-229,319-320

Page. 

Texas, northeastern, altitudes in.................... 228-235

domes in.............................. 16 (table),29,30,67

location of, map showing.......... 68 (PI. XXXVI)

geologic map of........................ Pocket (PI. Ill)

geology of.......................................... 14-69

correlation of Arkansas and Indian Territory

geology and................................ 19

maps showing.......................... 18 (PI. II),

32 (PL XV), pocket (Pis. Ill, XXXVIII) 

sections showing................ 24, pocket (PI. Ill)

land and water in, during Cretaceous and Tertiary

time, maps showing.................. 18 (PI. II)

natural mounds in, views of............. 54 (PI. XXVI)

sand cones in, view of.................. 56 (PI. XXVII)

structure of, map showing............. 68 (PI. XXXVI)

water-bearing horizons in......................... 74, 75

sections of........................ 70 (PI. XXX VII)

water of, analysis of............................. 320,321

wells in ......................................... 228-235

Texas and Pacific Railway, cut on, Catahoula formation in, view of.................. 42 (PL XXIV)

elevations on..................................... 332-333

wells of............... 86,130,132,133,134,140,142,198-199,

206-207,210-211,216-217,218-210,222-223,295,310,314 

Texas Geological Survey, information from. Pocket (PI. Ill) 

Texas-Louisiana line, elevation on..................... 361

Thomas station, La., elevation at. .................... 356

Thornton, Ark., elevations at and near................ 337

well at............. 70 (PI. XXXVII),86,115,148-149,237

Three Rivers Ferry, elevation on...................... 363

Tillar, Ark., elevations at............................. 341

Timber deadened by lied River Valley lakes, views

of............... 60 (PI. XXX),64 (PL XXXIV)

Timpson, Tex., well at............................... 234-235

Tinsey Bayou, La., elevation on....................... 373

Tioga, La., elevation at................................ 376

Tip-top station, Ark., elevation near................... 339

Tishomingo, Inil. T., section near, figure showing..... 17

Titus County, Tex., wells in......................... 234-235

Toliver, Tex., vvclUat................................ 232-233

Topography, development of............... 16 (table), 44-66

ground water and, relations of .................... 81, S3

map illustrating.............................. 14 (PI. I)

outline of.......................................... 14-16

Toronto, Tex., elevation at............................ 344

Touzet, TL P., acknowledgments to................... 145

information on well from.......................... 281

section by.......................................... 282

Tramnier, D. A., section by........................... 244

Traskwoocl, Ark., elevation at......................... 352

Travers Peak formation, correlation of................ 19

Travis'Coimty, Tex., Midway limestone in............ 33

Trees, floating, bowlders carried by roots of.......... ^ 46

Tremont, I/a., elevations near......................... 371

Trenton, La., elevations at and near.................. 368

Triassic peneplain, slope of............................ 69

Triassic time, events in................................ 17

Trinity, La., elevations at............................. 365

Trinity sand, character of..................... 20,75,122,127

depth to...................................^....... 76

description of...................................... 20

distribution of........................ 20,122,127,128-129

map showing....................... Pocket (PL III)

divisions of........................................ 19

fossils of........................................... 20

figures showing.......................... 20 (PL IV)

occurrence of, in wells........ 122,127,128-129,137,139,274

sections of, figures showing........... 70 (PL XXXVII)
GENERAL INDEX. 413

Page 

Trinity s,and, thickness of.... . ..... . . 20,67

water-bearing horizon in .. ... .. 20,74,76

water-bearing value of. . .... . 75

Trippe Junction, Ark , elevations at . . 341 

Trochocyathus lunuhtiformis var montgomeriensis,

figures showing . . . . 38 (PI XX)

Trout Creek, La , sulphur spring on. ... 294

Tucker, Ark, elevation at . 344

Tullos La , elevation at . 365

springs near . . 88,208-209

wells at and near . S4,208-209

Turkey Creek, Aik, elevation on .. . 343

Turner W A , acknowledgments to, . . 145

section by - ... 324-325

Turrell, Ark, well at .. 70 (PI XXXVII)

Turrilites sp, occurrence of.. ... . 241

Turritella elevelandia, occurrence of . . . 243

mortoni, figure showing . 32 (PI XIV)

occurrence of ... 33

tnhra. figure showing . . ... 26 (PI XI)

sp, occurience of . . . 243,244 

Tuscahoma substage, differentiation of 35 

Tusealoosafoimation, section of, figure showing . . 70

(PI XXXVII)

Twelvemile Bayou, La f elevation on . , . . 361 

Two Bayou, Ark , elevation on . 351 

Tylrr, Tex , v. ells at ... . 234-235,325

Typhoid fever, decrease in, due to change to deep-well

water . . ... QO-91

TJ.

Ulmus tenumervts, figure showing ... 34 (PI XVII) 

Ultima Thule, Ark , well at. .. . 19(>-197,277 

Umbrella planulata, figures showing . . . 38 (PI XX) 

Underground channels, rarity of.... .70 

Underground water See Water, underground 

Undifferentuited F-ocene See Eocene, undifferentiated,

Lagrange group

Um, La , wells at and near .. 28,

34,47,70 (PI XXXVII), 131,206-207,288

Union County, Ark , elevation? in. . . 353-354

springs in. . ... 88,196-197

v\ ell prospects in . . 120-130

wells in 129-130,196-199,277-279

Union Parish, T,i elevations in.. . . 383-384

well prospects in. . 142

wells in . . . 112,142,220-221,315

United States, south-central, land and water in,

during Cretaceous and Tertiary time,

maps showing .. . . 18 (PI HI

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, elevations of 333

United States Engineers, bench marks of .. 333

elevations of ... 333-3)4

information from, map showing Pocket (PI III)

United States Geological Survey, bench marks of,

description of. .. . 334 

bench marks of, figure showing .. . .. 333 

information from. . Pocket (PI II [) 

United States Land Office, information from, m,ip

showing. Pocket (PI III)

maps of. 02 (Pis XXXII, XXXIII)

Upland, Ark , wells at and near 70 (PI XXXV11),

129,198-1Q9

Upland fiats, development of. ... . 52-53

Upper Cretaceous rocks, character of . 16 (table), 22-30,75,

distribution of .... ...... . . ..... 22-30

Page '

Upper Cretaceous rocks, map showing Pocket (PI III) 

sections of, figures showing . Pocket (PI III) 

water-bearing horizons in... .... .. 75,76-81

Upper Cretaceous time, land and water in, map

showing . . 18 (PI II) 

Urania, La, elevation at ... 365 

Utah, dunes in, view of.. . . 58 (PI XXVIII)

V.

Valda, Tex , wells at and near . . . 232-233,323 

Valentine Spring, La , data on .... . 89,222-223

Vales, occurrence of. . . .. 15-16

Valley Park, Miss , well at.. . .... 48,226-227

Van Hise, C R , on rone of no porosity.. ... 72

Vancevillo, La , elevations at and near. . 357 

Vaiiduzer, Ark, elevations near. ..... . 351

Varner, Ark, elevations at. . . 345 

Vaughan, T W , fossils collected by... . ... 43

on Cockfield member .. . ...*... 38

on Louisiana geology.... . . .12

on Vicksburg beds ... . . 41

Veatch, A C , fossils collected by. . 43 

on Fno clays . . . ' . . . 43 

on Grand Gulf beds ....... .. 42

on Jackson stage ........ ... . . 89

on Louisiana geology .... . . . . 30

on Ked River raft . . ... W)

section by . . . . 303

work of ... .11

Veatch, A C , and Harris, G D , on Jackson stage 39 

on Louisiana geology... ... 13

on Lower Claiborne formation . . . . a

Venencardia parva, occurrence o{ . 243

plameosta, figure showing . . 32 (PI XIV)

' occurrence Of . 33,243,244

rotunda, occurrence of . .. 243

sp, occurrence of .... . 40

Veniella hncata, figure showing. . . . 26 (PI X)

Verde, Ark , wells at .. - 110,188-189,260-207

Vornon-Calcasieu parish line, La , elevation at 384

Vernon Parish, La , elevations in .. . 384-386

\vellprospectsin ... . 143

wells in . . 80,143,220-221 

Vieksburg, Miss , wells at and near. 70 (PI XXXVII),

84,86,135,137,143,226-227

Vicksburg formation, charactei of. .. 10,41,75 

correlation of . 39-41 

distribution of. ... . 4r

map showing . . . Pocket (PI III)

fossils of ... 41

figures showing .. . 42 (PI XXIH)

outcrop of, view of . 42 (PI XXII)

sections of, figures showing Pocket (PI III),

70 (PI XXXVII) 

synonymy of ...... . 41

water-bearing value of. .... 75

Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway, elevations

on 335 

wells of.. . . 137,138,200-201,212-213,220-221,282,299

Victoria, La, elevation at . . 374

Vidalia, La , elevation at and near. . . 366

wells at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 134,210-211

Viola, Tex, well at .... . 230-231

Vivian, La , elevations near. . . .361-302

Volutilithes hnopsis, figure showing. 34 (PI XVI) 

pctrosus, figure showing .. . . 32 (PI XIV)
414 GENERAL INDEX.

Tasrc

Volutihthes petrosus, occurrence of . . 243,244,272

var tuomeyi, figure showing . 34 (PI XVIII)

rugatus, figure showing. ... 34 (PI XVI)

sp, occurrence of-... - . - .40

Vorhees, La, elevation at . . . 355

AV.

Wade, H W , acknowledgments to.. 145

information from . . 200

section by . - - 238,200 

Wadley Station, La , elevation at . 357 

Wanes, B C L , on Grand Gulf sandstones . 42 

Waldo, Ark , elevations at and near 340

well at ... 28,

34, 70 (PI XXXVII), 84,118,127,156-157,242

Walker, Doctor, section by . . 317-318

Walker, C S , section hy . 259

well of .... . . 77,178-179,259

Wallace Like, La , elevation at . 368 

Wallacebufg, Ark, wells at . 170-171 

Walnut Bluff, fossils in . . 37 

Walnut formation, correlation of 19 

Walnut Lake, Ark , elevations at . . . 341 

Walter, H C , section by . . . 316 

Wamba, Tex , wells at 228-229 

Ward, F W , well test by. . 275 

Warren, Ark , elevations at and near 337

wells at and near 70 (PI XXXVII), 

85,110,113,114,119,123,146-147,236,237

Warren County, Miss , wells m 226-227 

Washington, Ark , elevations at and near 343

water neat, analysis of 251

wells at and near . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

77,109,120-121,170-171,251

Washington County, Miss , wells m.. 220-227,317-318 

Washington greensand, correlation of 27

See also Nacotoch sand 

Washita gioup, character of

distribution of . . 

map showing

divisions of .

fossils of . - 

figures showing

section of, figure showing

thiikncss ol 

watcr-beai ing value of 

Watei, use of, in well drilling 

_ Water, mineral, occurrence of

16 (table) , 75 

21

. Pocket (PI III) 

19 

21

22 (PI VII) 

70 (PI XXXVII) 

21, 07 

75

93, 99-107 

114, 11.5,

116, 117, 120, 121, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 

134, 135, 13fl, 137, 138, 130, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 

occurrence of, map showing . Pocket (PI XLI, XL1I) 

Water, salt, 01 currence of . 114, 117, 124, 125, 130, 

133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144 

occurrence of, maps showing Pocket (PI XLI, XLII) 

Water, underground, condition of, discussion of . 70-92 

condition of, discussion of, scope of . . . 10 

' hygienic value of . . . 89-91, 246-247 

movement of . . 70-71 

illustration of. 71 

pollution of . . 89-91 

pressures in ...... .73

equation of ... 73 

figure showing . 73 

prospects of, discussion of, scope of * 10 

source oJ . . 70 

topography and relations of . 83 

waste of .78 

zones of, saturation of . . 72-73

Page 

Water and gas vents, views ol. .. . . 5fi (PI XXVII)

Water-bearing horizons, areas of, maps showing Pocket

(Pis XXXVIII, XLI, XLII, XLIV), 70

(PI XXXIX), 82 (PI XT,), 86 (PI XLIII)

descnptions of . 74-87

sections showing 70 (PI XXXVII)

table of ... . . 75

See also formation namts

Water Creek, Ark , elevations on 343 

Water table Sec Oround-watci table

Waterworks, list of , ... 92

watei supply for . 91-y2

Wathen, T! S , elevations supplied by 330-331

information from . 320

Waverly, La , elevation at . 372

Weaver Spur, Ark , well on 70 (PI XXXVII), 162-103

Weaver Spur, La , v, ell at 84-83,112,138, 214-215

Webb, S O , section liy . ' 310

Webster Parish, La , dome in.. . . 143

dome in, salt \vrlls at, ai rangemenf of, map shownig .. . 30 (PI XIII) 

elevations in ... 386-387 

springs in ... . . 89,222-223

well prospects in .. . 143

wells in . . . 112,143,222-223,315-316

Welcome, Ark, elevation at. . . 340

Well and spung records, discussion of, scope of . 10

table of and notes on . . 145-324

Well punch, figure showing . . 94 (PI Xi,V)

Wells, boi ing of . . Q4

hormgof, tools foi, figures showing '4 (PI XLV)

96 (PI XLVI), 98 (PI XLVII)

classes of ... 93

cost of . 107-112

dulling of.. 97,99

figures showing.... 95;

98 (PI XLVII), 100 (PI XLVIII)

driving of. - - - 94 

finishing 01 - - . . . .107

jetting process in . . ... 103

view of. . . - - 104 (PI L)

making of, cost of - 107-112

methods of. . . . . . . . 93-107

classification of . 93 

production of, by perched watei table 72-73 

pumping of. . . 107 

punching of . . 97 

rotary process in . 103,105 

figures showing.. . . 100 (PI LI)

screening of - - ... 107

sinking of . 93-107

water of, source of . 70

Wells, artesian, area of, map showing . Pocket

(Pis XXXVIII, XLI, XLII), 80 (PI XLIII)

causes of . . . 7:5-74

figures showing 29,74

domes and relation of . 29

occurrence of . 11,5,117,118,119,121,123,125,120,

127,12<), 133,134,13fi, 136,137,138,139,140,142,143

Wells, deep, watei of, hygienic value of 89-91

Wells, salt, arrangement of, maps showing i30 (PI XIII)

location of. . 77,83-84,12,5,129,130,132,136,276

figure showing ... 29

map showing . 30 (PI XIV),

pocket (Pis XLI, XLII), 86 (PI XLIII)

Wells, E L , information on well from 320

section by.. . . . . 320

Wells, J. W , acknowledgments to . ... .145
GENERAL INDEX. 415

Page

West Baton Rouge Parish, La , wells in . . 222-223,316 

West Carroll Parish, La , well prospects in 143-144

wells in .. 143-144,222-223 

West Fork L'Anacooo Bayou, La , elevations on. 386 

West L'Anacoco Bayou, La , elevations on 386 

West ilonroe La, elevations at . 375

waters orks at ' - 92 

West Point, Miss , well at . 70 (PI XXXVII) 

Wheeler, W M , on ant lulls... . . .' .58

Whelen, Ark , well at . - 154-155 

Whclen Springs, Ark , elevations at and near . 339 

WliitcClifls, Ark , wells lit and near .. . 70 (PI XXXVII),

129,178-179

See also Little River, Ark

White Chffs chalk, correlation of. ... - - - 25 

White Cliffs Landing, Ark , bluff at, view ol 28 (PI XII)

Cretaceous beds at .... . 25-26 

view of 28 (PI XII)

section at, figure showing ... . . 24 

White County, Ark , wells in . . . 196-197,279 

White River, Ark , tributaries n(, springs on . 230 

White limestone, correlation of - - - 31,41 

White Oak Creek, La , elevation on ... 373 

White Sulphur Springs, Ark , data on. . . 88,174-175 

White Sulphur Springs, La , data on . . 88,208-209,294 

White Valley, Utah, dunes in, view of . 58 (PI XXVIII) 

Whitmarsh, C L , section by . 315 

Wilkins, Ark , elevation at ... . . 344 

Willard, T H , on Mississippi liiver ... . 61 

Williams, I F , information from . Pocket (PI 111)

on igneous rocks of Arkansas . . . 12,29 

Williams, L B , acknowledgments to. . 145 

Willisville, Ark , elevation near ... .350 

Willow Chute, La , elevation near .. . . 357 

Willow Glen, La , elevation at - 27b 

Wills Point clays, correlation of . . . 33 

Wilmar, Ark , elevation at . 341

wells at 70 (PI XXXVII), 84,8-,,U9,120,123,158,159,244 

Wilmot, Ark , elevations at and near 3.37 

Wilson, Ark , elevation at- . 351 

Wilson, La, elevation at - - .. 377

well it ... 218-219 

Wilton, A,rk , elevations near. . . 34fi-347

well at . . 178-179 

Winchester, Ark , elevation at - 341 

Wind theory of origin of natural mounds,discussion of 57 

Wmrf Parish, La , Cockfleld member in 136-144

dome m, salt wells at, arrangement of, map showing .... 30 (PI X11I)

elevations in.. ...... . 139

Nacatot h sand in . ...... . 139

springs in .... 89,222-223

well prospects in. ... . 144

wells m . . ... 84,112,139,144,222-223,31(^-317 

Winn-ftrant parish line, La , elevation on 370,387 

Winn-Jackson parish line, La , elevation on . 371,387 

Winnfield, La, dome at .. . .. 30,67

elevation at , . . .... 387

wells at and near ...... . 70 (Pi XXXVII),

134,136,137,144,222-223,317 

Winnsboro, La , elevations at and near . . 359

well prospects at. .... ... 136

Winona, La , well at .. ... .... 70 (PI XXXVII), 222-223

Pago

Winona, Miss , well at . . .70 (PI XXXVII)

Winters, C H , acknowledgments to. . . 145

information from 241

section by . . . 241,250,274,270,279,290

Winthrop, Ark , elevations near. .

w ells at

Wise County, Tex , Trinity sand m 

Wisner, La , elevations at and near

well at.

Witherspoon, Ark , well near . 

Wolds, location of, map showing 

Wolf Creek, Aik , elevations at .

well at

Wolf Creek, La , elevation on.. 

Wood County, Tex , wells m 

Woodbine formation, character of

correlation of

distribution ot 

imp showing.

fossils of, figures showing..

occurrence ot in wells

sections of, figures showing

347

. 178-179 

20

. . 369

210-211

170-171

14 (PI I), 15

351

192-193,271 

386

2!4-235,325-326 

Ifi (table), 24 

. 19,24,75 

. . 21 

Pocket (PI III) 

21 (PI VTTT) 

124,125,137,139 

24, pocket (PI III), 

70 (PI XXXVII) 

. 75,77-78 

350 

352

water-bearing value of 

Woodlawn, Ark , clr\ ation near 

Woodson, Ark , elevation at 

Woods Bluff sub stage, differentiation of . 35 

Woodruff, E A , map by 01,02 (PI XXXII)

on drainage ol Red River lakes. ol 

Woodsworth, La , elevation at. - . 376 

Worthen, A H , on Illinois geology. 31 

Wright, S J information from 324 

Wrightsville, Ark , well at . 70 (PI XXXVII), 194-195 

Wrye, Ark , wells at , 184-185,200 

Wyatt, La , elevation at 371

well at - 70 (PI XXXVII), 112, 137,212-113, 298 

Wyloe, Ark , elevation at ... 351 

Wyoming, sand dunes in ... . . ,57

Y.

Yancey, Ark , well at . . . 1 JO-121,170-171,2,51

Yazoo City, Miss , wells at and near. 48,

70 (PI XXXVII), 84,114,m,22fi-227,318

Yazoo County, Miss , wells in. 226-227, 319 

Yegua clays, correlation of . 38,39 

Yellow Creek, Ark , Arkirtelpliia beds on 28

well on 102-103 

Yellow Pine, La , elevation at 387

well at 70 (PI XXXVII), 143, 222-223, 316 

Yerricks Slough, Ark , well on 198,279 

Yocum, James, acknowledgments to . 145

Z.

Zeuglodon cetoides, figures showing 40 (PI XXI) 

Zimmerman, La , water at, hygienic value of 90

well at . 70 (PI XXXVII),

86,00,112,134,136,138,110,113,218-219,312

Zone of no porosity, depth of 72

Zones of saturation, character of . 72-73

pressure in 73

figure showing 73

Zwolle, La , elevation at and near.... . . 382

well at \ . . 70 (PI XXXVII), 141, 220-221
INDEX OF WELL OWNERS

-^ Page 

Aburrow, A (5731 . 186-187 

Aekei, Berry (204) . 166-107 

Agee & Thompson (612) .. 70 

(PI XXXVII), 158-180 

Alcorn, J L , esf ate (1009) ' 70 

(PI XXXVII), 113,224-225 

Alexander, Washington (103) . 160-101 

Alexandria corporation (033,

934, 935, 036) 70(P1 XXXVII), 

1,3,140, 210-217,300-307 

Alexandria Ice and Storage

Company (038,030) . . 43,

70 (PI XXXVII),

140,143, 215-219,308-309

Alien, George (267,268) 100-167

Allen, Henderboii (305) . ..168-160

Alien, John (281,282) . . .. 160-167

Alien Bros <£. Wadlev (775) ... 70

(PI XXXVII),43, 200-201

Alien (H T ) Lumber Company

(974) . 70 

(Pt XXXVII), 220-221, 311 

Alsobrook, J A (518) . 182-183 

T Ambler, C B (213) 161-1G5 

Ames, Albeit (307) . 168-160 

Ames, Paruy (308) 16S-160 

Andeison, Mrs (74) . 150-151 

Andeison, Swan (257,250) 16-1-165 

Andrews, li D (270, 280). 70 

(PI XXXVII), 166-107 

Andrews, J W (320) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 168-160 

Andiews, lames (559) . 184-li,r> 

Andiewb, RufT (535) 184-185 

Antrim Lumber Company (770) 70 

(PI XXXVII),81,200-201,2bJ 

Ardls & Co (828) . 200-207 

Arkadelplpa Ice and Fuel Company (27). 27, 70 (PI XXXVII) 

77,117,148-149,237 

Aikantas find Texas Consolidated Ice Company (746 

A, 1073) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

129,106-197,230-231 

Arkansas and Texas Ice and

Coal Company (1085). . 70 

(PI XXXVII) 230-231,320 

Arkansas Cotton Oil Company

(415 A, 042 A) tv 

(PI XXXVII), 118,120 

123,171-17,5,100-191,256 

Arkansas Lithia Springs Company (J40). 170-171,200

416

Page 

Arkansas Lumber Company

(14,1080) . . 70 (PI 

XXXVII),55,114, 

110,146-147,230-231

Armstead, (950) . . 218-219 

Armstrong, M D (623). .. 188-189 

Arnett, Joseph (530) . . . IM-1S3 

Arnold, Russell (167) .. 158-159 

\rtesian Church (614) . 188-180 

Atkins Bros (960) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

130,141,218-219,312

A very, (475). . 125,180-181 

Avery, J M (67,3) . 192-193

U.

Backus, T C (821) 200-207

Baird, R W . .70

(PI XXXVll),224-325

Baker J W (238). .... 164-105

B.ill, I B (150) ... 70

(PI XXXVII), 120,158-1,50,245

Ball, Joseph (157) .... 70

(PI XXXVII), 120,158-159 

Ball Sawmill Companj (041) 218-219,

310

Banks, Jack (55) . . 150-151

Barfleld, George (103) ..151-155

Barbara, Robert (508,587) .. 184-185

180-187

Ddbtrop court-house (896). 212-21,3,299

Bates, M W (444) . . 27,70

(PI XXXV11) 124,178-179,259

Battle, T M (329) . . 168-169

B^yslngel, Maitm (1110) .. . 234-235

Beane, J N (565) . . . 184-185

BecK, T M (710,7,31,733)... 194-105,

196-197

Beck, W 1 (72,i, 728, <"29) ... 70

(PI XXXVII), 76,

194-195,196-197,276

Bcird, J W (1079) ..... . 230-231

Boll, R E (823).. ... 206-207

Boll, H S (379).. . . 172-173

Bell, W L (380).. .. 172-173

Benedict Mill (1101 .. 154-155 

Bentley (J A ) Lumber Companv

(955,956) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

140,218-210, ,U2

Betts, Albert (188). 160-161 

Big Creek Lumber Company

(880) . 210-211,207 

Biggadike, R C (30) . 148-149 

Billingsly, O M (540) .... . 184-185

Page 

Black, W A (450 B).. ..... 178-179

Blackwocicl, William (363).. .. 172-173

Blagg, Charles (495) . . 182-183 

Blull City Lumber Company

(125).. 70 (PI XXXVII) 

118,12,3,154-155 

Bodcau Lumber Companv (1.35,

427, 428, 429). 70 (PI

XXXVII), 118,123,126,

129,156-157, 170-177,258

Bolmger (S H ) & Co (782) 70

(PI XXXVII),

81, 131,200-201,283

Bolls, A J (563).. . 180-185,266 

Bond, Peter (45) . . . 148-149 

Bowden, George (3,35) 168-109 

Bowden, James (330) . . 168-169 

Bowrs, Henry (06 A) . 1,52-153 

Bowles, J H (434) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

124,176-177,258

Bowles, O F (.508). . 180-187 

Bowman, (700) 128,104-103 

Bowmaii-IIicks Lumber Company (060,973) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 

83,220-221,312-315 

Boyce Ice Manufacturing Company (044 016) 43, 70 

(PI XXXVII), 140 218-210,310 

Bovd, J D (1"2) 71) 

(PI XXXVII) 160-161 

Boyd, J W (165) 120,1,58-159 

Boyd, John (171) 100-101 

Bradley, Samuel (L'84) . 166-107 

Bradley Lumber Company (17,

18) . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

85,114,110,146-147,237 

Brady, (465) .. 178-179 

Britisher, (702) 194-195 

Breedlovc, James (534) 184-185 

Bndwell, Captain (309) . 168-100 

Bright, H C (527) . 182-1SJ 

Bnlcy, Smith (538) . 184-185,205 

Briseom, Luther (588) 180-187 

Britt, George (555) . 184-185 

Blocks, D A (718,719).. 194-195,276 

Brown, F D (79). . 162-153 

Brown, W R (081) . 192-19,3 

Browning, Mrs (208) 160-107 

Bryant, J H (236) 164-105 

Bryant and B'Shnes (464) .. 12fl, 

180-181,200 

Buchanan, Claud (489,490) . ISO-181
INDEX OF WELL OWNERS. 417

Page

Buckner, Mrs (092) 192-103,274 

Bunkie Compiess and Warehouse Company (757) 130, 

198-199

Bunkie Ice and Bottling Company (759) . . 130,198-199,280 

Burns, Robert (507) . 182-183 

BuitsellLumbei Company (50) 117, 

150-151,258

Bussey, N (746) . . 196-197,277 

Butcher, A (505) . 186-187 

Butler, J V (137) . . 156-157,242 

Bvram, J W (351) . . 170-171,251

C.

Caneld, J A (491) . 

Calloway, J A (508) 

Calvin, Aaron (391) 

Campbell, Dick (187) 

Cantley, Samuel (008) 

Cargill, (113) 

Cairigan A II (272, 286) 

Carugan, Steve (273)

180-181 

182-18,3 

172,173 

100-101 

. 186-187,266 

117,154-155,241 

100-167 

160-167

Cash plantation (7S3) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 131,200-201,284 

Catahoula Oil and Development

Company (855) 42,

70 (PI XXXVII)' 84,

133,134,208-209,202-293

Gates, S M (04) . . 152-153

Cheatham, W (01) 152-153

Chunej H W , et al (1128) 234-235

Chicot Lumber Company (145) 70

(PI XXXVII), 85 113 115,

119,135,138,144,15C-157, 214

Christian, J C (769) . 200-201, 282

Christian Church (SI) 150-151, 238

City Ice Company (817) 70

fPl XXXV11), 132,204-205,288

Clark, I C (32) 148-149,237

Clark I G (35,41,48) 148-149,

130-151,237-238

Claik, William (75) 152-153 

Clark Spur Lumbei Company

(833, S31), 840) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 133,206-207,289 

Clarke,C E (i58). 184-185 

Clarkbville corporation (1111,

1112) 24,70 (PI XXXVII), 

70,77,234-235,324

ClarksviUe Ice Companj (1114A) 77, 

234-233

Clements, Augustus (574,57J) . 78 

180-187

Cllfloid, L B (421). 170-177,237

Cloud, Mis (473). 125,180-181

Coal, R T , & Son (798) 70

(PI XXXVII), 202-203

Cockcrham, J W , jr (900,907) 83,

136,139,144,214-215,300

Cole, (612) . . 188-189

Colemun, Henry (250) 164-165

Coleman W \,ABro (370,372,

373) 172-173,252

Co'fax corporation (877)... 70

(PI XXXVII),

84,136,210-211,297

Collett, Mrs E (42) . . 148-140

Page

Collms, T A (350) . . . 170-171

Colquitt, R K (831) 70

(PI XXXVII), 206-207

Colter, Samuel (216) 162-163

Columbia corporation (841) 70

(PI XXXVII), 133,136,

137, 141, 208-209, 289-290

Columbus corporation (162) 120,

158-159

Concordia Oil Company (870) 70 

(PI XXXVII),210-211 

Connell Moss A Co (7941 . 202-203 

Consolidated Ice Company (921,

922). 70 (PI XXXVII), 137, 

138, 140,141,143,21fi-217,304 

Conn ay <£. Williams (404,405,

406,407) . 77,125,174-175,254 

Cook, Gordon (260) 161-105 

Coopel, Tony (223) . 162-163 

Copeland, J P (691) 192,193,273-274 

Copeland, J P,jr (690) .. 192-193 

Cornelius, D E (255,328) 104-165, 

168-16M 

Cotton Belt .Lumber Companj

(628.628A) . 70 (PI XXXVII),114, 

115,127,130, 188-189, 207-268 

Coultei.D B (737,738) 129,190-197,277 

Cow horn, Samuel (493) .. 1S2-183 

Cowling, John (387) . .. 172-173 

Cowling, S C (388) . 172-173 

Cowling, W H (364,382,383) 172-173,

253

Cowling, W K (393,396) 174-173 

Cove, (270) .. 100-107 

Co\e, Alien (290). 100-107 

Co\e, Thomas (117) 154-155 

Ciain, John (525) . 182-183,205 

Crank, I W (459) 178-179 

Crank, John (020) - 188-189 

Creameiy Package Company

(204) 160-161 

Cnbbm, Alfred (197) 125,160-161 

Crofton, II C (300) 172-173 

Crofton, II L (307) 172-173 

Crofton, Joseph (365,385) 172-173 

Crosnoc, John (184) . 160-161 

Crossctt Lumber Company

(5,6,7) . 70 (PI XXXVII),

85,113,114,110,127,129,130,

135,138,142,144,141 .-147,230

Crow, A M (hO,71,72) 117,150-151,239

Crumb} , Andrew (613) . 188-189

Cninmings, (593) . . 186-187

Cummings, James (5h4 A) . 184-185

Cummmgs,\V F (1046) 114,

135,226-227

Curne, Andrew (814) . . 70

(PI XXXVII), 204-205

Curtis, A (780,790) . 131,202-203

D.

Daniels, Mrs A (39) 148-149 

Davis, Jollll (617) 188-189 

Davis Brothers (8S4) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 212-213,298 

De Laughter.E (483,484) 180-181 

De Laughter, John (482). 180-181

DeLong, J L (448) 77,124,178-179,260 

Deaton, A F (58,59). . . 150-151 

Deaton, M (09) . . ... 150-151 

Defoe, David (532) . . 184-185 

Deloach (J F ) & Bro (864).. 210-211 

Delony, A P (275,276) . 166-167 

Dermott corporation (24) . . 70

(PI XXXV1I),85,113,114,

119,12,3,138,144,148-149

Desha Lumber Company (143) 70

, (PI XXXV11),85,113,

115,119,123,156-157,243

Deware, J M (1098) . 232-233,322

Dickie, Henry (173) 160-161,

Die kerts, John (1124) 234-235

Dickson M A &J D (799) . 70

(PI XXXVII),131,202-203,285

Dlllon, J B (674) . 102-193

Dotkery, W A (1028) . . 70

(PI XXXVII), 119,226-227 

Dotbon, Sam (37) . . . 148-149 

Dubach (F D ) Lumber Compaq (889) 37,142,212-213 

Dudlej, Abbury (191). .. 100-161 

Dudley & Blink (334) . . 168-160 

Duggar, Claude (346). 170-171 

Dukes, James (606). . 180-187 

Duncan, Matthew (510) .. 182-183

East, T M (114) 154-155, 241 

East, W B ... . 154-155 

East Brothers (654) . . 100-191 

East Texas penitentiary (1081). 230-231 

East Texas Timber and Oil

Company (1120) ,37,

(PI XXXVII) 70,84,

85,142, 234-235, 324-.125

Easterhng, P (627) .. . 188-189

El Dorado Cotton Oil Company

(716 B) 70

(PI XXXVII), 129,196-197

Emmet village (506) 182-183

Empire Lumber Company (20) 85,

115,135,148-149

Empire mill (102) ..

Evans, (56) . .

Ett-mg, T M f«6)

Ewmg, W T3 (63,66)

154-155 

150-151 

150-151 

150-151

1'.

Fergeson, Mrs M (333) . . 168-169 

Fornill, William (710) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 194-195 

Fern-11, Jolin -(972) . . 220-221,314 

Finley, lohu (237,240 242) 164-165 

Fordyce lumber Company (142). 115,

118,119,150-157,242-243

Forrcbt City corporation (711) . 194-195

Forshee, W N (285) . 106-167

Foster, Claiborne (825) . 200-207

Foster, D M (969). . 70

(PI XXX VII), 83,

142,220-221, 313-314

Foster, J F (791) 70

(PI XXXVII),202-203 

Foster, J M (826) . . . 206-207
418 INDEX OF "WELL OWNERS.

Tage

Foster (J M) Planting Company (792) ' 70 

(PI XXXVII),202-203 

Fouke sawmill (461) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 126,180-181 

Fonntame, Lamar (1011) 70

(PI xxxvrr), 113,139,224-225

Francisco, Allreil (570).. 186-187 

Francisco, Alien (.578 A) 186-137 

Francisco, Levi (.578). . 186-187 

Frcdnck, Glenn (277) . . 166-167 

Frednck, P C (283). . 166-167 

Freeman-Smilh Lumber Company (635) 70

(PI XXXVII), 127,188-180, 268 

Freiburger, Charles (610) 186-187 

Frisby, Tosiah (481) . 180-181 

Fullllove, J H (787) .. 202-203 

Fuquaj , (463) . 123,180-181 

Furgesoll, B (326) . 168-169 

Furrh&Co (802) 70

(PI XXXVII), ]31,202--203,285

Gage, Thomas (92) . 152-151 

Gaither, \\ J (47) . 117,150-151 

Garner, Doctor (504) 182-183 

Garner, C K (666). 102-193 

Garner, Thomas (683) 102-193 

Garrette, Jasper (589) 186-187 

Gates Lumbei Company (151,

152,153) 70 (PI XXXVII),

85,120,123,158-15'J, 243

Gatlm (571) - - 184-185

Gatlins, George (561) 184-185

Gee, William (572; . 184-185

Geirreiter, S (409 A). 70

(PI XXXVII;, 121,174-175,255

Glbsoll, \ A (337, 338) 168-160

Gibson, lames (564) 184-185

Gigleux, John (770) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 200-201,282

Oilbert, Eb (230) . 162-163

Gilbert, John (222, 225, 227) 162-163,248

Gilbert, William (224) 162-16.3,248

Gill, Kcnor (1)07). . 186-187

Glllins, Eh (1057). 228-229

Gliiss.c.0, C S (1004) 70 (PI XXXVII),

113,116,110,224-225

Glasscll, John (796) .. 70

(PI XXXVII), 131,202-203,284

Glassell&Adger(SOI) 34,

70 (PI XXXVII),

131,132,202-203,285

Glassell Brothers (795) - 70 

(PI XXXVII), 202-203 

Globe Lumber Company (990) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 222-223, 316 

GiKKllett, S G (389).. . . 172-173 

Goodwill, 0 T (631) 188-189 

Gordon, Mrs (509) . 1S2-183 

Graham Salt Works (74,5) 196-197,277 

Gray, Benjamin (784). 70 

(PI XXXVII), 131,202-203,284 

Grayson, William (73) .. 70 

(PI XXXVII), 77,117,1,50-151 

Grayson McLeod Lumber Company (83,84) 26,81,152-153,239-240

Page

Green, Ellis (302) 166-M7 

Greenfield Lumber Company

(700,701) 194-195

Greening, Elgin (1'JO) i 160-161

Greening, li S,jr (180,181) 160-161

Greenville w.rterworks (1039) 70

(PI XXXVII), 85,113,115, 1.35.

138,144,226-227,317-318

Green\\ood waterwolks (1018) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 224-225

Grecson.L W (585,586) 186-187

Grcoson.M W (602,611) 186-187,188-189

Griffin, II r, (311) . . 182-183

Gnllette, M (045> . 70

(PI XXXVII), 140, 218-219

Grimes, T L (762 \) 70

(PI XXXVII), 130, m8-ltW,280

Grissom, (330) 168-169

Gnssom.Mrs A (203) 166-167

Guernsey scllool (245) . 164-165

H.

Haikney, T L (1108) 232-233 

Hames, Thomas (343) . 170-171 

little, (546) 184-185 

IIulc, E (554) . . 184-185 

Hale, John (54S) . 184-185 

Hall d. Legm (997) 70 

(PI XXX VII), 137,143, 222-223 

numeric, William (619) 188-180 

Hamilton, Doctor (616). 188-180 

Hamilton, A W (624) 188-189 

Hamilton, C W (625). 188-189,267 

Hamilton, D.nid (1)6) . 154-155,241 

Hamilton Brothers (622) 188-180,266 

Hamilton Oil Mill Company

(786).70 (PI XXXVII), 202-2(13 

Hamlm, G L (52 A) . . 150-151 

Hampton StiiveCompany (862 A)

210-211

Hankbbawmill (781) .. 200-201 

Hannah, Robert (178) 160-161 

Hanncgan, A (281) 164-165,249 

Ilannegan, J N (26,5) 166-167 

Hargrove, \V C et ill (1072) 230-231 

Harkness, Dan (211,212,213,

214) . . 162,163,247 

Ilarkness, Frank (440) . 124, 17b-179, 259 

Harper,M A (86).. 132-153,241 

Harris, C (677,682) . . 192-193 

Harris, John (678) 192-193 

Hasilip, II P (721) . 194-100 

Hatt.ll, H 1 (1114) . . 24,70 (PI 

XXX VII), 76, 77,125, 234-235

182-183 

184-185 

. 77,178-179 

184-185 

184-185 

182-183 

- 26,

70, (PI XXXVII),81,131,132, 

134,135,136,139,144,210-211,295 

Helena Ice Company (642 B). 70 

(PI XXXVII), 113, 190-191 

Helena Watei Company (643) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 113, 190-191 

Hemingway, (454) ... 178-179

Hatlej, Wilcy (514) 

Hawkins, A (551).. 

Haw kins, A D (446) 

Hawkins, I (552). 

Hawkins, Robert (550). 

IU/7urd, D P (528) . 

Hednck R G (871)

Page

Hendnx, J M (354). . 170-171 

Hendrix, John (676).. . 102-193 

Ilenmgan, lames (332) 27,168-160,249 

Henry's Chapel (248) . 164-165 

Herndon, W S (1127) 234-235,325 

rieryey, J W (462) 12,5,18J-181 

Hewitt, John (6385 100-191 

Hewitt Brothcis (657) 190-101,272-27,3 

Hewitt Bros il!ioc>h(6W) 100-101 

Hill, William (621) 188-189,2(16 

Hines, W L (487) ISO-181 

Hltt, L H (567) . 184-185 

Holdcrnis, J I (22) . . 148-149 

Holiness camp ground (601) 186-187 

Holhni;shead, T A (64). 150-151 

Hollingshead, W (6S) . 1,50-151 

Ilolman, J T (445) 77,124,178-179,259 

Holman, John (00) .. 152-153 

Holt , J M (406) .. 182-183 

Home Ice Company (480 A) 26,27,70

(PI XXXVII), 125 180-181,265 

Hood, Edward (497) . 182-183 

Hood, J A (501) . 182-183 

Hooks, John (530) . 182-1S3 

Hope cot poration (321,322). 27,70

(PI XXXVI I), 121,168-109,249

Hope Cotton Oil Company (324) 70

(PI XXXVII), 168-169

Hope Ice Company (323) 70

(PI XXXVII), 168-169

Hopewell School (2S8,304) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 160-167, 168-169

Hopper (S ) Mill Company (88.3) 212-

213,297

Hopson, C C (252) . 164-165

Hopson, W C (715, 734) . 194-

105, 196-187

Hubbard, Albeit (234) 164-16,5 

Hudson, G W (523) 182-183 

Hudson Rivei Lumber Company (44,3) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

124,178-179,250 

Hull-Hodge Lumber Company

(885).. 70 (PI XXXVII), 

132,212-213, 208

Hunt, William (5.36) . 184-185 

Hutchms, George (235) 164-16,5 

Hutchmson, Mrs A (289) . . 166-167

I.

Illinois Centra] Raihoad (1019,

1024) 70 (PI XXX VII), 224-223

Ingram, William (390).. . 172-173

Inn, The (812) . 70 (PI XXXVII),

132,204-205,288

Indianola corporation (1030) . 226-227 

International and Great Northern Railroad (1050) . 228-220

J.

Jett, Frank (246) 164-16,5. 240

Job, Colonel (311) . 168-161

Johnson, Harry (646) . . 100-101

Johnson, R L (431) . 176-177

Johnson, W W (374). 172-173,252

Johnson heirs (662,663, 664) . 192-193

Jones, (199,200) . 125,160-161

Jones, A R (258) ... . 164-165
INDEX OF WELL OWNERS. 419

Page

Jones, Elmore (293) . 166-167 

Jones, Hubbard (209) 162-163 

Jones, James (44,291) 148-140, 166-167 

Jones, Richard (179) 160-161 

Jones, Robert (345) . 170-171 

Jones, T L (402) . 174-175, 254 

Jones, W B (1014) 70 (PI XXX VII), 

224-225,317

Jones, W M (M>9) . 192-103 

Josslm, (98) . 152-153

It.

Kansas City Southern Railway

(703) . 194-195 

Kell F P (250) . . 164-165 

Kelley, (076) 220-21 

Kendall (Frank) Lumber Company (127) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

118, 12% 1,56-157

Kerstan, A F F (31) 148-149 

Key, R A F (688,089) 127,192-103,273 

Kilpatnck, William (362 B) 170-171,252 

King, Hugh (341) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

170-171,250-251 

King Rider Lumber Company

(450 C) ... 17b-179

Kingston.il C (432).. . .. 176-177

Kinsworth), P (450 A) . . 178-179

Kinsworth v, P S (726). 70

(PI XXXV II), 196-197

Kling, Monroo (1045) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 135,226-227

Knapp, Stout & Co (23) 70

(PI XXXVII), 85,148-140,237

Kress City Lumber Company

(417) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 123, 176-177

La Croix, Frank (80) 152-153 

Lagronc, R M (327) . 168-169 

Lanclors, Mrs Alice (176) 100-161,246 

Landers, B L (177) 100-161 

Landors, R A (408,499) . . 182,183 

Landers, W A (170) . 15S-150 

Lane, Gus (10W ..... 158-1,>9 

Langley, Robert ((>65) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 192-103 

Langley Brothers (647) 190-191 

Latanmer Oil Company (975) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 220-221, 314 

Lavender, T J (004) 186-187 

Leag, (13) 140-147,230 

Leali Pressed and Fire Brick

Company (12S) . . 70

(PI XXXVII), 118, 156-157

Lecompte corporation (948) . 130,

140,218-219

Lee, Charles (503) . 182-183 

Lee, G B (645) 100-101 

Lemoine Brothers (762) 70

(H XXXVII), 130,108-109 

Ijeonard, A H (832) . 70

(PI XX XV II), 206-207,288 

Levy Compress Company

(.768 A) . . 70 

(PI XXX VII), 200-201

Page 

Lewisville Lumber Company

(42b) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

121,123,120,176-177,258 

Liberty Church (618).. 188-189 

Liberty schoolhouso (226) . 102-163,248 

Lmvllle, B M (6b4) 192-193,273 

Lipscomb, Hunter (b8) . 152-153 

Little, Tobias (100,107) 154-155 

Little Bay Lumber Company

(3D 115,126,148-140

Littleton, A P (4bO) 178-179

Logan, William (219). 102-103

Loni" Star mill (779, 780). . 70

(PI XXXVII), 131,200-201

Longview Ico Company (1084) 230-

231,320

Longview Library Company

(584) . 186-187 

Louisiana and Arkansas Rmlway (139,904) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

30,143,156-157,214,215,242,300 

Louisiana and Texas Lumber

Company (1095) 232-333,322 

Louisiana Chatauqua (88S) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 212-213,208 

Louisiana Lumber Company

(881) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

84,133,134,13b,144,212-213,297 

Louisiana Oil Company (919) 70 

(PI XXXVII),214-215,303 

Louisiana Rinlway and Navigation Company (002) 214-215 

Louisiana State Insane Asylum

(951) - 218-219,311 

Lmvdonmlk, J C (500) . . 186-187 

Lowdcnmlk, John (609) 186-187 

Lubricating Oil Company (1103) 232- 

233,323 

Lumber Company (4,56, 457, 458) 178-179

M.

McAnn, R L (79,3) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 202-203 

McCasklll, J T (003) ISO-187 

McCloud, C C (810) 204-205 

McCollum, M C (1099) 232-233,322 

McFadden, (300). 170-171 

McFadden, Mrs Edward (313) 108-109 

McGroury, P (500) 182-183 

Mclver, A W (249) 104-165 

Mclvor, J P (241) . 164-105 

Mclver, J Y (247) . 164-165 

McJenkms Edward (401) 174-175,254 

McKam, George . 184-185 

McKee, (371) .. 172-173 

McLaughhn, James (675). 192-193 

McLaughlin, T B (78) 152-153,239 

McLaughhn heirs (067) 192-193 

McNabli, Charles (208). 162-103,247 

McNeely, Robert (533) . 184-185 

McSwam, Dug (194,195) .. 100-161,246 

Malone, John (319) ... 168-109 

Mammoth Oil, Mineral, and Land

Company (1100) 232-233,322

Manney, M M (093) 127,192-193,274

March, D \\ (1118) . 234-235

Marks, L (1027).. . . 70

(PI XXXVII), 220-227

Pa'go

Marksville corporation (767). 70 

(PI XXXVII), 130,200-201 281 

Marshall waterworks (1080) 70 

" (PI XXXVII), 230-231 

Martin, W J (520). . . 182-1S3 

Mary Alien seminary (1094) . 232-233 

Matthen s, E (517) 182-183 

Matthews, J (521) - . 1S2-183 

Matthews, John (549) 184-185 

Matthews, L T (109) . 158-159 

Maxey, E V (710) 129,106-197 

May heirs (6,56) 190-191,272 

Mliyer, August (820) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 206-207 288 

Mayfleld, William (215) . 162-163 

Means, W B (803) . . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 82,126,202-203,285 

Melrose schoolhousc (3,31) .. 168-169 

Meredith, S R (717) . . 24,70 

(PI XXXVII), 76,104-195,276 

Merrick, E (361) 170-171 251 

Jlllam, D T (512,513) 182-183 

Miller, J M (312) 168-169 

Mllner, C D (138) . H6-157 

Minden Cotton and Oil Company (988) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 143, 222-223,316 

Minden Lumber Company (985,

9b6) 70

(PI XXXVII), 143,221-223,315

Minden Steam Laundry (087) 70

(PI XXXVII), 222-223

Mineola corporation (1120) .. 234-235,

,325-326

Mmifee, (108) . 154-1,55 

Mississippi Cotton Oil Company

(1049) . 70 

(PI XXXVII),.114,135,226-227 

Mississippi River Commission

(1016,1041) 70

(PI XXXVII), 224-225, 226-227,

271-272,295-296,317,318

Mltch«ll, James (531,545) 182-

183,184-185

Monkern T A (54) . . 150-151,238 

Monroe Waterworks and Light

Company (923) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 137,

138,141,143,216-217,304

Monticello corporation (147,148) 70

(PI XXXVII),85,

113,123,158-159 244

Monticello Cotton Mills (150).. 70 

(PI XXXVII), 

85,113,123,158-159

Monticello lee Works (149) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 

85,113,123,158-159 

Company

214-215,300 

121,125,160-161,240 

182-18.3,265 

106-167

123,120,176-177 

228-229,319 

170-171 

70

Montrosc Lumber

(908) .

Moore, Albert (198) 

Moore, C B (502) 

Moore, Lewis (264) 

Moore, R R (424) 

Moore, S L (1059) 

Moore, Washington (353) 

Morgan, (182,183 220)

(PI XXXVII), 160-161,162-163
420 INDEX OF WELL OWNERS.

Page

Morgan, David (348) . 170-171 

Morns &. Rrewster (132) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 118,156-157 

Mornsett, J D (342) 120,170-171,251 

Morrow, C A (952,953). 140,218-219,312 

Moses, J W (347) . . 170-171 

Moses, S S (352) . 170-171 

Moss, hdward (439) . 124,178-179 

Mouut Pisgah Church (668) . 192-193 

Munn, W M (626). - 142,188-189 

Murplly, Keuben (714). . _. 194-105 

Myerb, W 0 (350) - .. 170-171

N.

Nash, Oliver (221) . 162-1(53 

Niitchcz and Marksville Oil

Company (765) . .. 70

(PI XXXVII), 130,200-201,

280-281

Natchez ice tactory (1002) .. 70 

(PI XXXV11),224-225 

Natchez, Red River and Texas,

Kallroad (865,860) -- 210-211 

Natt-hez Water Supply and

Sewer Company (1001).. 70 

(PI XXXVII),224-225,317 

Niitcliitoohes normal school

(Oil) . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

83,136,139,144,214-'ilo, 301 

Natclutoches waterworks (l)09,

910) . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

S3,131,134,144,214-215,J01 

Neal, C O (77) . 152-15J 

Ncal, J M (557) . 184-185 

Ncal, Joseph (70) . 150-151 

Neighbors, Thomas (318). 168-160 

Neimeyer Lumber Company

(141) . 34,70 (PI XXXVII),

 118,127,156-157,242

Nelson, Mrs Ida (547) . . . 184-185

Nelson, J A (519) .. . 182-183

New Boston corporation (1060) 70

(PI XXXVII),228-229

New Lewisville court-house

(424). . ... 70 (PI XXXVH), 

123,126,176-177,257 

New Orleans and Northeastern

Railroad (868) . 210-211 

New York and Arkansas Oil

Company (704) 194-195,274-275 

Newton, H C (129,130 131). 76 

(PI XXXVII), 118,156-157,242 

Nichols, S B (827). 206-207 

North Louisiana Lumbei Company (99b) . 70 

(Pi XXXVII), 137,222-223

O.

Ogden, Josse (202) . 125,100-161,246 

Onalablui Lumber Company

(636) .. 70 (PI XXXVII), 188-189

O'Rcilly, (lfl05) 70

(PI XXXVIT), 116,119,224-225

Orton, G W (436, 437) 124

176-177,258-259

Osburn, Jahez (61). 150-151

Pagi'

Ouachita Cotton Mills (92.5) 137 

141,143,216-217

Owen, Sim (422) . 176-177,557 

Ozan Library Company (579) 186-187,

266

Palestine Ice Company (1053) . 228-229 

Palestine Oil Company (1052) 228-220 

Palestine Water and Powei

Company (1051) 228-220,310 

Palmer, George (301). 16h-K,7 

Patton, A H (630) 70 

(PI XXXVTT), 188-189, 2GS 

Pennmgton, Robert (89) 152-13J 

Perkms, W S (115 A) 234-235 

Petroleum Prospecting Compan\ (1104, 1105) 232-233 

Petty & Brown Lumber Company (9111) . 81, 

1», 142,214-215,301

Plieps, Pdr&on (560) 184-185 

PUlllips, (1064) - 22S-229 

Pllllllps, A Ti (438) 124,176-177 

Pllllllpb, Andrew (1122) . 234-235 

Pllllllpt,, Calvin (299, 316, 317) . 166-167, 

168-169

Phillips, Chailes (jl 5) 168-109 

Phillips, Edwaid (300) ... 166-107 

Phillips, J M (306,325) . . 70 

(PI XXXVTT), 108-109 

Phillips, Moil (192). 100-101,240 

Phillips, T J (1021) . 70 

(1*1 XXXVII), 224-225 

Phillips, Wllhs (278) 160-167 

Pike City corpoiat'on (690) 192-193,274 

Pike City Lumbei Company

(697) . 192-103

Pine Blufl Ice Company (415) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 113,118,

119,123,174-175,255-256

Pine Bluff Water and Light

Company (412,413) . 70 

(PI XXXVII) 120, 

123,17-1745,2.55 

Pine Tree Lumber Company

(1000) .. . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 222-223 

Pine Woods Lumber Company

(989) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 143,222-223,316 

Pmeville Development Company

(950) . 218-219,311

Pisgah School (526) . 182-183

Planters' Oil Company (024) 70

(PI XXXVII), 137, 138,

140,141,143,216-217,305

Pond, C H (10,31) ' 70

(PI XXX Vll), 116, 119,226-227

Pope, Cass (1062) . 228-229

Port Gibson waterworks (1008) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 224-225,317

Poitei (J P ) Lumber Company (133). 70

(PI XXXVII), 85, 118, 156-157

Poiterlield, E G (217). . . . 162-163

Page

Porterfleld, E G (349) .. 170-171 

Porterfleld, E T (271) . . . 166-107 

Portland Cotton Oil Company

(11) . . 146-147 

Pottel, F (397) 174-175 

Powell, Calvin (140). 70 

(PI XXXVII), 143,156-157,242 

Powell, I F (1043) . 226-227 

Prathei, Jalnes (404) 182-183 

Pi eSLott coi poration (5SO) 186-187, 266 

Pn>t,cott LumberCompanj"(355) 170-171 

Providence Chureh (186) , . . 160-161 

Providence corporation (874) . . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 210-211 

Providence schoolhouse (296) 166-167 

Pry, Alvm (100, 101) . 152-153

Q.

Queen City laundry (815) 70

(PI XXXVII), 132, 204-205

Querbes, Andrew (830) . 206-207

Kames, L (566) . 1S4-18J 

Handle, J B (07) 152-153 

Kawles, John (09) 1,52-153,241 

Rectol.H M (154 A). 158-150,244-245 

Red Rivei Lumber Company

(419,420) 70 (PI XXXVII) 

82, 123, 120, 176-177, 256-257 

Reed Brothers, (239) . 164-165 

Regard, Emil (763) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 1.30, 198-199 

Kegaid Cotton Gin (764) 130, 198-199 

Remhardt, J A (433) ' 17(1-177,258 

Rhodes, W A (253) . 164-105 

Rhodes, William (274) . ... 166-167 

Rhyme, A S (720, 722) 194-19J, 276 

Rhyme, Mrs Saiali (730). 196-197 

Richards, Joseph (466) .125,180-181 

Richberger, George (1010).. 70

(PI XXXVII), 113, 119,224-225 

Robbms, Han ison (160) 70

(PI XXXVII), 120, liS-139, 245 

Robbms, W H (1.59) . . 70

(PI XXXVII), 120,158-159,245 

Kobinson, J D (29) 148-1 i9 

Kobson, Captain (805) 131,204-205,286 

Rogers, J R (653) . 190-191 

Rolli, Alien (303). . . 168-1(19 

Rosborough, W J , sr (1090,

1091) . . 230-231,, (21 

Rose, Alien (378) . 77,172-173,253 

Roic, Henry (808) 70

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-20.5,287 

Rosedale corporation (1006) 70 

(PI XXXVlI),110,224-!25 

Rosenhurg, George (205) 1(12-163 

Ross, J A (46) 117, 148-149 

Rossi Tl ckett (111) 117,154-155 

Roundtree, J B (670,671,672) 192-193 

Royston, Gen (695) , . 192-193 

Royston, C E (3.57) 170,171,^51 

Ruston Compress Company

(891). .. 70 (PI XXXVII), 

137,144,212-213
INDEX OF WELL OWNERS. 421

st

st

Page

Ruston waterworks (890) . 70 (PI

XXXVII), 117,

142, 212-213, 890

Ryan, Abel (731) . . 129,196-197

S.

St Louis, Iron Mountain and 

Southern Railway (10 

52,85,124,154, 244, 416,452, 

480, 701, 706, 707, 708, 755, 

856, 860, 876, 882, 807, 898, 

899,937) 27,70(P1 XXXVII),R1 

84, 113, II 1 ), US, 119,123,128, 

133, 134,136, 139,140,146-147, 

148-149,152-15,!, 154-155,158- 

159, 164-165, 178-179,180-181, 

194-195,198-199,208-209,210- 

211,212,213,216-217,241,244, 

248-249, 256.260,275-276,279, 

293-294, 297, 299-300, 307-308 

Louis Southwestern Railway (410,411,10S2) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 174- 

175,240-231,255 

Louis Stave and Lumber

Company (409 B) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 123,174-175 

Salem Church (596) . . . 186-187 

Saline River Lumber Company

(126) - 70 (PI XXXVII), 

118,154-155,241

Sampson, Thomas (158) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 120,158-150 

Sanford, L C (947) . 140,218-219,311 

Sassamen, D J (393) . 20, 

70 (PI XXXVII), 

74,121,129,174-175 

Sawyer-Austin Lumber Company (414) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

118,119,174-175 

152-153 

152-153 

130,198-199 

70 (PI XXXVII), 

131,202-203,285

Scntell, William (788) 70

(PI XXXVII),131,202-203,284

Shanks, Mrs J B (543,544). 184-185

Sharps, J H (742) 70 (PI XXXVII),

74,129,196-197

Shelly, J K (254) . 164-165 

Shirley, T R (376,377) . 172-173 

Shrevepoi t Athletic Association

(811) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-205 

Shreveport Cotton Oil Company

(785) . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

131,202-203,284

Shreveport Gas, Electric Light 

and Power Company 

(810) ... 70 

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-205 

Shreveport Ice Company (806,

820) 70 (PI XXXVII), 81, 132,

135,136,204-205,206-207,286-287

Shreveport Street Railway (809) 70

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-205

Schofin, (96) 

Scahorn, W J (9J) 

Sentell, (701). 

Scntell, John (800)

Page

Shreveport waterworks (807) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-205,287

ShulU, J (467,468,469) 125,180-181,260

Shllltz, I B (201) 125,160-161,246

ShulU, lames (471, 472). ... 180-181

Sillers & Owen (1003) 70 (PI XXXVII),

113,116,119,224-225

Simmont,, J H (1083) . .. 230-231 

Sunpson, Aloe (813).. 70 

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-205 

Sirmon, J T (967). . 220-221 

Smith, (38) . 148-149 

Smith, A (605) . . . . 186-187 

Smith, Aaron (314) . . 168-169 

Smith, Frank (399, 400)... . 174-175 

Smith, II (418) 176-177,256 

Smith, J K (735,736) . . 129,196-197 

Smith, I I (136) . . 156-157 

Smith, lohn (529) . . 182-183 

Smith, Orange (220). 162-163, 247 

Smith, R W (386) . 23,172-173,253 

Smith, Willaby (384) 77,172-173,253 

Smith and Adams Lumber Company (807) 84,133,134,208-209 

Smith (W II) 4 Son (778) 70 

(PI XXXVII),131, 200-201,283 

Smoker, M V (57) .. . 150-151 

Sonia Cotton Oil Company (940) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 140,218-219,309 

Southern Arkansas Lumber

Company (886).. 70 

(PI XXXVII), 133,212-213,298 

Southern Lumber Company (15,

16) 70 (PI XXXVII), 

»5,114,119, l'40-l 47

Spates i Fnck (403) . .174-175,254 

Spates Brothers (210) . . . 162-163 

Star Bottling Works (816) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 132,204-205 

StPelo, Burnet (569)... . . 184-185 

Ste\ ens, William (297) .. . 106-167 

Steward, (485) . 180-181 

Steward, Edward (232) . 162-103 

Steward, John (577) . . 186-187 

Stewart, A L'(381). 172-173 

Stewart, T I (49) 150-151 

Stocr, Charles (SIR) . 201-205 

Stringfellow, R (228) . . 162-163 

Stroup, J L (53) . . 150-151 

Stubb, (927) 142,143,216-217 

Studdard, G i S (62) . 1,50-151 

StUtts,Z P (1047) 114,135,226-227,318 

Sullivan, (515) ..... 182-183 

Summit Lumber Company (753

754,979) . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

129,142,198-199,220-221 

Sunny South Lumber Company

(423) . . .70 (PI XXXVII), 

123,126,176-177

Sutton, W C (721) . 70

(PI XXXVH), 196-197

Swan, Colonel (797) 151,202-203,285

T.

Tate, C C (648) 

Tate, John (661) 

Taylor, James (310)

190-191 

190-191 

168-169

Page

Taylor, loseph (266) . 166-167 

Taylor, W S (830) . 34, 

70 (PI XXX VII), 131, 206-207 

Taylor (George) Commission

Company (362) .120,170-171,251

Tchula Corporation (1012, 1013) . 70

(PI XXXV II), 224-225,317

Temple, William (196) 125, 160-161

Terre Noire Camp Ground (105). 154-155

Terry, D P (39S) . 76, 174-175, 253

Texarkana Ice Company (1067) 70

(PI XXXVII), 126,228,229,319

Texarkana waterworks (478,

479) . 27,70 (PI XXXVII),

81,125,180-181,261-264

Texas and Pacific Railway (760,

821, 86b, 867. 931, 942, 943,

991,992) 70 (PI XXXVII). 86,

130, 132. 133, 134, 140, 142, 1 OS199, 20l)-207, 210-211, 216-217,

218-219, 222-223, 295,310,314

Thomas, Parabe (67) 150-151,238

Thomas, Mrs Y G (40) 1 18-149, 237

Thompson. J M (505) . . 182-183

Thompson, William (20) . 148-119,237

Tolund, John (727) . 70

(PI XXXVII). 196-197

Tompkins, Tom (231)... 162-163

Townsend, W A (16R) . I"i8-159

Trigg I/umber Company (777,

971) . 70 (PI XXXVII), 

200-201,220-221,314

Turnemakcr, lohn (185) 160-161 

Turner, Howard (369) . 172-173 

Turner Brothers (1025, 1026) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 226-227 

Tylcr Ice Company (1125, 1126) . 234-2,35

XT.

Uni Plantation (835) . 31,

70 (PI XXX VII).

131,206-207,288

Union Oil Company (758) . 730, 

198-199, 279-280

United States Engineers (637, 

(138,639,640,641,747,748, 

719,750,751,752,837,842, 

84 i, 844,845, 810, 847, 848, 

8 19, 8,iO, 918, 920, 928. 978)

146-147, 148-149,

190-191, 196-199, 206-207, 208-209, 

214-21 5 , 216-21 7 , 220-221, 26U-271 , 

277-279, 289-292, 302, 303, 305, 315

Valley Lumber Companj (983) 70 

(PI XXXVII), 222-223,315 

Vickers, John (233) 164-165 

Vicksburg Ice Company (1037,

1038) 70 (Pi XXXVII), 135, 

1 )7, 143, 226-227

Vicksburg, Shrevoport and Pacific Railway (768, 892, 

893,894,963) ... 70 

(PI XXXVII), 137,138,200- 

201, 212-213, 220-221,282,299
422 INDEX OF WELL OWNERS.

 \V. Page

Wake, George (492). 182-183

Waldo, Mrs (81) 152-153

Walker, Mrs (725) 70

(PI XXXV11), 106-107

Walker, C S (447) 77, 178,170,2iO

Walker, R M (5701 184-185

Walker, W E (733) 106-197

Waller, Benjamin (594) 186-187

Ward, Avery (541, 542) 184-186

Wanl.W H (650,651,652) 100-101,272

Wardlaw, H P (771) . 70

(PI XXXVII), 200-201,282

Warren Stave Company (19). 70

(PI XXXVII),85,

113,114,123,146-147

Washington, Thomas (26J). . 164-105

Washington corporatlou (356) 27,

70 (PI XXXVII),

77, 120, 170-171, 251

Weathert>i>oon, William (87) 152-153,241

Weaver Brothers (917) 70

(PI XXXVII), 138,214-215

Weed, luck (1008). . . 126,

228-229, 319-320

Wells, Mrs Settle (76).. 

Wheeler, Captain (206,470)

White, James (269; 

White, Lawrence (251)

. 152-153 

162-163, 

180-181 

166-167

. 164-165

Page

White, fTelson (262) .. . . 164-165 

White, Samuel (592). . 186-187 

White Cliffs Portland Cement

Works (440) ... 70 

(PI XXXVII), 178-179 

White Sulphur Springs (415 C),

spring at. . . . 174-175

WhitedA Wheless (773,774) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 200-201,283 

Whiteside, T C , et al (1123) . 234-235 

Whitlow, A G (772) .. " 200-201, 283 

Whitmore, E A (102) . 154-155 

Whitmore, W T (302). . . 172-173 

W llltton, L (524). . 182-183 

Wlley, Green (590,501) . . . 186-187 

Williams, Hurl (685). . 192-193 

Williams, Mrs Fannie (174).. 160-161 

Williams, J H (1066) . 70 

(PI XXXVII), 228-229,310 

Williams, James (175) . 180-161 

Williams, L B (34) 148-149 

Williams, Orange (581) . 186-187 

Wllhamson, T J (537). 126,184-185,265 

Wilson, (465) . 125,180-181 

Wilson, Kobert (287) .. . .... 166-167

Wilson & Walker (375) . 172-173,252

Wingfleld, Jack- (655,679,680) 70

(PI XXXVII),

190-191,192-193,272,273

Page

Wmnfield Ice Factory (098). 70

(PI XXXVII),

136,137,144,222-223

Winters, Joseph (476) 125,180-181,2PO 

W isconsm - Arkansas Lumber

Company (362 A) 121, 

170-171,252

Wood, J D (620). 70

(PI XXXVII), 188-1S9

Wood, P W (36) . , 148-119

Work, Jolm (633) . . 70

(PI XXXVII),188-189,264

Wnght.S J (1115) . 234-235,328

Wyatt Lumber Company (886) 70

(PI XXXVII),212-213,298

Wyhe, Thomas (615) . ..188-189

Yager, W M (33) . . 148-149 

Yazoo and Mississippi Valley 

Railroad (1007,1033,1034, 

1035,1036,1042) . . 115, 

119,224-225,226-227

Yazoo City waterworks (1048) 114, 

135,226-227

Yocom, James (344). . . 170-171 

Young, (L J ) i Co (1022) 70 , 

' (PI XXXVII), 224-225 '
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OT THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

[Professional Paper No 46 ]

The serial publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, 

(2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply 

and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of the United States folios and separate sheets 

thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of the United States folios thereof The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 

are sold at cost of publication, the others are dihtnbuted free A circular giving complete lists may 

be had on application

Most of the above publications may be obtained or consulted in the following ways 

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they may be 

obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application

2 A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress, for distribution

3 Other copies are deposited \\ith the Superintendent oi Documents, Washington, D C , from 

whom they may be had at practically cost

4 Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public libraries in the 

laige cities throughout the United States, where they may be consulted by those interested

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, and 

the totaj. number issued is large They have therefore been classified into the following senes A, 

Economic geology; B, Dcsciiptive geology, C, Systematic geology and paleontology, D, Petrography 

and mineralogy, "E, Chemistry and physics, F, Geography, G, Miscellaneous, H, Forestry, I, Irrigation, J, Water storage, K, Pumping water, L, Quality of water, M, General hydrographic investigations, N, Watei power, O, Underground waters, P, Hydrographic progress reports This paper 

is the seventy-seventh m Series B and the forty-ninth in Series 0, the complete lists of which follow. 

(PP=Professional Paper, B=Bulletm, WS= Water-Supply Paper )

SERIES B, DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY

B 23 Observations on the junction between the Eastern sandstone and the Keweenaw series on Keweenaw Point,

Lake Superior, by R D Irvmsr and T C Ctnunberlin 1881 121 pp , 17 pis (Out of stock ) 

B 33 Notes on geology of northern Cahtorm.i, by J S Diller 188b 23 pp (Out of stock )

B 39 The upper beaches and deltas of Glacial Lake Agassiz, bv Warren Upham 1887 84 pp , 1 pi (Out of stock ) 

B 40 Changes in river courses in Washington Territory due to glaeiation, by Bailey Willis 1887 10 pp , 4 pis (Out of

stock )

B 45 The present condition of knowledge of the geolog> of Tetas, bv R T Hill 1887 94 pp (Out of stock ) 

B 53 The geolugv ol Nantuckut, by N S Shaler 1889 55 pp , 10 pis (Out ol stock ) 

B57 A geological reconnaissance in southwestern Kansns, by Robert Hay 1890 49 pp, 2 pis

B 58 The glacial boundary in western PennsyHania, Ohio, Kentuc^, Indiana, and Illinois, by G F Wpight, with introduction by T C Chamberlm 1890 112pp, 8 pis (Out of stock) 

B 67 The relations ol the traps of the Newark system in the New Jersey region, b> N H Barton 1890 82 pp (Out o£

stock )

B 104 Glaciaticm of the Yellowstone Valley north of the Park, by W H Weed 1893 41 pp , 4 pis 

B 108 A geological reconnaissance in central Washington, l>v T C Russell 1893 108 pp , 12 pis (Out of, stock ) 

B 119 A geological reconnaissance in northwest Wyoming, bv G II Eldridgc 1894 72 pp , 4 pis 

B 137 The geology of the Fort Riley Military Reservation and vicinity, Kansas, by Robert Hay 1896 35 pp , 8 pis 

B 144 The moraines of the Missouri Coteaii and their attendant deposits, by J E lotld 189b 71 pp , 21 pis 

B158 The moraines o£ southeastern South Dakota and their attendant deposits, by J E Todd. 1899 171 pp , 27 pis 

B 159 The geology of eastern Berkshire County, Massachusetts, bv B K Emerson 1899 139 pp , 9 pis 

B 165 Contributions to the geology o£ Maine, by II S Williams and H E Gregory 1900 212 pp , 14 pis

1393 No 46 06 29 ' i
II SERIES LIST.

WS 70 Geology and water resources of the Patrick and Goshen Hole quadrangles in eastern Wyoming and western

Nebraska, by G I Adams 1902 50 pp , 11 pis

B 199 Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains nf Idaho b\ I C Russell 1902 192 pp , 25 pis 

PP 1 Preliminary report on the JCetchikan mining district, Alaska, with an introductory sketch of the geology of southeastern Alaska, by A H Brooks 1902 120 pp , 2 pis

PP 2 Reconnaissance of the northwestern portion of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by A J Collier 1902 70 pp , 11 pis 

PP3 Geology and petrography of Crater Lake National Park, by J S Diller and H B Patton 1902 167 pp , 19 pis 

PP 10 Reconnaissance from Fort Hamlm to Kotzcbue Sound, Alaska, l>y way of Ball, Kanuti, Alien, and Kowak rivers,

by W C Mendenhall 1902 08 pp , 10 pis

PP 11 Clays of the United States east of the Mississippi River, by Heinnch Ries 1908 298 pp , 9 pis 

PP 12 Geology of the Globe copper district, Arizona, by F L Ransome 1903 108 pp , 27 pis 

PP 13 Drainage modifications in southeastern Ohio and adjacent parts of West Virginia and Kentucky, by W G Tight

1903 111 pp, 17 pis 

B 208 Descriptive geology of Nevada south of the fortieth parallel and adjacent portions of California, by J E Spurr.

1908 229 pp , 8 pis

B209 Geology of A scutney Mountain, Vermont, by R A Dalj 1903 122 pp , 7 pis 

WS 78 Prehnnnn ry report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by I C Russell 1903

51 pp , 2 pis 

PP 15 Mineral resources of the Mount Wrangell district, Alaska, by W C Mendenlmll and F C Schrader 1903 71 pp ,

10 pis 

PP 17 Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred and third meridian,

bv N H Darton 1903 69 pp , 43 pis

B 217 Notes on the geology of southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by I C Russell 1903 83 pp, 18 pis 

B 219 The oie deposits of Tonopah, Nevada (preliminary report), by J E Spurr 1903 31 pp , 1 pi 

PP 20 A reconnaissance in northern Alaska in 1901, bv F C Schrader 1904 189 pp , 16 pis 

PP21 The geology and ore depo&its of the Bisbee quadrangle, An/mm, bv F L Ransome 1904 168 pp , 29 pis 

\VS90 Gcologv and water resources of part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, liv J E Todd and C M Hall

1U04 47 pp , 23 pis

PP25 The copper deposits of the Encampment district, W\ommg, bv A C Spencer 1904 107 pp , 2 pis 

PP2G Economic resources oi the northern Black Hills, by J D Irving, \vith contributions by S F Emmons and T A

Jaggar, jr 1904 222 pp , 20 pis 

PP 27 A geological reconnaissance across the Bitterroot Range and Clearwater Mountains in Montana and Idaho, by

ffaldemar Lmdgren 1904 122 pp , 15 pis 

PP 31 Prehmmaiv report on the geologv of the Arlmcklc and \Vichita mountains in Indian Territory and Oklahoma, by

T A Taff, with an appendix on reported ore deposits m the Wichita Mountains, by H F Bain 1904 97pp,8pls 

B 235 A geological reconnaissance across the Cascade Range near the fortj-ninth parallel, by G 0 Smith and F C Calkins

1904 103 pp , 4 pis

B 230 The Porcupine placer district, Alaska, liy C W Wnght 1904 35 pp , 10 pis 

B237 Igneous rocks of the Highwood Mountains, Montana, by L V Pirsson 1904 208 pp , 7 pis 

B238 Economic geology-of the lola quadrangle, Kansas, by G I Adams, Erasmus Haworth, and W R Crane 1904. 83

pp , 1 pi

PP 32 Geologj and underground water resources of the central Greut Plains, by N H Darton 1905 433 pp , 72 pis 

WSHO Contributions to hydrology of eastern United States, 1904, M L Fuller geologist in charge 1905 211 pp, 5 pis 

B 242 Geology of the Hudson Valley between the Hoosic and the Kindcrhook, by T N Dale 1904 63 pp , 3 pis 

PP 34 The Delavan lobe 01 the Lake Michigan Glacier of the Wisconsin stage ot glanation and associated phenomena, by

W C Alden 1904 106 pp , 15 pis

PP 35 Geologv of the Perry Basin in southeastern Maine, l>y G 0 Smith and David White 1905 107 pp , 6 pis 

B 243 Cement materials and industry of the United States, l>v E C Eckel 1905 395 pp , 15 pis 

B 246 Zinc and lead deposits of northeastern Illinois, hy H F Bam 1901 56 pp , 5 pis 

B 217 The Fairliaveu gold placers of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F H Molht 1905 85 pp , 14 pis 

B249 Limestones of southwestern Pennsj Ivama, liv F G Clapp 1905 52 pp , 7 pis 

B 250 The petroleum fields of the Pacihc coast of Alaska, with an account of the Bering River coal deposit, by G C Martin

1905 65 pp , 7 pis

B251 The gold placers of the Fortymile, Birch Creek, and Fairbanks regions, Alaska, by L M Prmdle 190r> 16 pp, 16 pis 

WS118 Geology and water resources of a portion of east-central Washington, bv F C Calkins 1905 96 pp , 4 pis 

B 252 Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by I C Russell 1905 138 pp , 24 pis 

PP 36 The lead, zinc, and fluoispar deposits of western Kentucky, by E 0 Ulrich and W S Tangier Smith 1905 218 pp ,

15 pis 

PP 88 Economic geology of the Bighorn mining distric t of TItah, by T M Boutwell, \uth a chapter on areal geology, by

Arthur Keith, and an introduction on general geology, by S F Emmons 1905 413 pp , 49 pis 

PP 41 The geology of the central Copper River region, Alaska, by W C Mendenhall 1905 133 pp , 20 pis 

B 254 Report of progress in the geological resurvey of the Cripple Creek district, Colorado, by Walclcmar Lmdgren and

F L Ransome 1904 36 pp

B255 The fluorspar deposits of southern Illinois, by H Foster Bam 1905 75 pp, 6 pis 

B 256 Mineral resources of the Elders Ridge quadrangle, Pennsylvania, by R W Stone 1905 85 pp , 12 pis 

B 257 Geology and paleontology of the Judith River beds, by T W Stanton and J B. Hatcher, with a chapter on the

fossil plants, by F H Knowlton 1905 174 pp , 19 pis 

PP 42 Geology of the Tonopah mining district, Nevada, by J E Spurr 1905 295 pp , 24 pis
SERIES LIST. Ill

WS 123 Geology and underground water condition', of the Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico, by C R Keyes 1905,

42 pp , 9 pis

WS 136 Underground waters of Salt River Valley, Vrizona, by W T Lee 1905 194 pp , 21 pis 

PP 43 The copper deposits of the Clifton-Morenci district, Arizona, by Waldemar Lindgren 1905 375 pp , 25 pis 

B 265 Geology of the Boulder district, Colorado, by N M Fenneman 1905 101 pp , 5 pis 

B 267 The copper deposits of Missouri, by II F Bam and E O Ulrieh 1905 52 pp , 1 pi

PP 44 Underground water resources of Long Island, New York, by A C Veatch, and others 1905 394 pp , 34 pis 

WS 148 Gcolog> and water .resources of Oklahoma, by C N Gould 1905 178 pp , 22 pis 

B270 The configuration of the rock floor of Greater New York, by W II nobbs 1905 96 pp , 5 pis 

B 272 Taconic physiography, by T N Dale l'J05 52 pp , 14 pis 

PP 45 The geography and geology of Alaska, a summan of existing knowledge, by A II Brooks, with a section on climate,

by Cleveland Abbe, jr , and a topographic map and description thereof, l>y R M Goode 1906 327 pp , 34 pis 

B 273 The drumhns of southeastern Wisconsin (preliminary paper), by \V C Alden ]90'S 46 pp , 9 pis 

PP46 Geology and underground water resources ol northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by A C Veateh. 3900

422 pp , 51 pis

SERIES O, UNDERGROUND WATERS

Wb 1 A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I C Russell 1897 96 pp , 7 pis (Out of stock)

WS 6 Underground waters ot southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth 1897 65 pp , 12 pis (Out ot stock )

WS 7 Seepage waters ot northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier 1897 50 pp , 3 pis (Out of stock )

WS 12 Undergionnrl waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N H Darton 1898 56 pp, 21 pis (Out of stock)

WS21 Wells ol northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett 1899 82 pp , 2 pis (Out of stock)

WS26 Wells of southern Indiana (continuation ot No 21), bv Frank Leverett 1899 64 pp (Oiitof stock )

WS 30 Water resources ol the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A C Lane 1899 97 pp , 7 pis (Out of stoek )

WS31 Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A'C Lane 1899 97 pp , 4 pis (Outofstock)

WS 34 Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J E Todd 1900 34 pp , 19 pis

WS 53 Geology and water resources of Ncz Perces CounU, Idaho, Pt I, by I C Russell 1901 86 pp , 10 pis (Out of

stock ) 

WS 54 Geology and water resources of Nei Perces Countv, Idaho, Pt II, by I C Russell 1901 87-141 pp (Out of

stock ) 

WS 55 Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima Countv, Wash , by G O Smith 1901 68 pp , 7 pis (Out of

stock )

WS57 Preliminary list 01 deep borings in the United States, Pt I, by N H Darton 1902 60 pp (Outofstock ) 

WS 59 Development and application ot water in southern California, Pt I, by T B Lippineott 1902 95 pp , n pis

(Out of stock ) 

\\S60 Development anil application of water m southern California, Pt II, by I B Lippineott 1902 96-140 pp

(Out of stoek )

WS 01 Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt II, by N H Darton 3902 67 pp (Out of stock ) 

WS 67 The motions of underground waters, by C S Slichter 1902 100 pp , 8 pis (Out of stock ) 

B 199 Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, bj I C Russell 1902 192 pp , '25 pis 

WS 77 Water resources of-Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren 1903 G'2 pp , 4 pis 

WS 78 Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, bv I C Russell 1903 53

pp , 2 pis 

PP 17 Preliminary report on the geologrv and water resources of Nebraska west ot the one hundred and third meridian,

by N H Darton 1903 69 pp , 43 pis 

WS 90 Geology and water resources of a part of the lower James River Valley, South Dakota, by J E Todd and C M Hall

1904 47 pp , 23 pis 

\\S101 Underground waters of southern Louisiana, bv G D Harris, with discussions ot their uses for water supplies and

for ric e irrigation, by M L Fuller 1904 98 pp , 1] pis

WS 102 Contributions to the hydrology of eastein UnitedStates, 1903, l>y M L Fuller 1904 522 pp 

WS104 Underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona, b\ W T Lee 1904 71 pp , 5 pis 

WS 100 Water resources ot the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom 1904 75 pp , 4 pis 

WS 110 Contributions to the hydrolog> of eastern United States, 1904, M L Fuller, geologist in charge 1904 211 pp ,

5 pis 

PP 32 Geology and underground-water resources of the central Great Plains, by N H Durton 1905 433 pp , 72 pis

(Out of stock )

WS 111 Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington, by Henry Landes 1904 85 pp , 1 pi 

WS 112 Underflow tests in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlm 1904 55 pp , 7 pis 

WS 114 Underground waters of eastern United States, M L Fuller, geologist in charge 1904 285 pp , 18 pis 

WS 118 Geology and water resources of east-central Washington, by F C Calkins 1905 96 pp , 4 pis 

B 252 Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of central Oregon, by 1 C Russell 1905 138 pp, 24 pis 

WS 120 Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M L Fuller 1905 128 pp

WS 122 Relation of the law to underground waters, by D W Johnson 1905 55 pp 

WS 123 Geology and underground water conditions of the Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico, by C R Keyes 1905 42 pp ,

9 pis

WS136 Underground waters of Salt River Valley, Arizona, by W T Lee 1905 190 pp, 24 pis 

B 264 Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M L Fuller, E F Lines, and A C Veateh 1905 106 pp
IV SERIES LIST.

PP 44 Underground water resources ol Long Island, New York, by A C Veatch, C S Slichter, Isaiah Bowman, W O.

Crosby, and B, E Horton 1906 394 pp , 34 pis 

WS 137 Development of underground waters in the eastern coastal plain region of southern California, by W O Men

denhall 1905 140 pp , 7 pis 

WS 138 Development of underground waters in the eentral eoastal plain region of southern California, by W C Mendenhall 1905 162 pp , 5 pis 

WS 139 Development of underground waters in the western coastal plain region of southern California, by W C Mendenhall 1905 105 pp , 7 pis

WS 140 Field measurements oJ the rate of movement of underground waters, b> C S Slichter * 1905 122 pp , 15 pis 

WS 141 Observations on the ground waters of the Rio Grande Valley, 1904, by C S Sliuhter 1905 82 pp , 5 pis 

WS 142 Hydrology of San Bernardmo Valley, California, by W C Mendenhall Ia05 124 pp , 13 pis 

WS 145 Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, M L Fuller, geologist m charge 1905 220 pp , 6 pis 

WS 148 Geology and water resources of Oklahoma, by C N Gould 1905 178 pp , 22 pis

WS 149 Preliminary list of deep borings m the United States Seeond edition, with additions, by N H Barton 1905 175 pp 

PP 46 Geology and underground water resources oi northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas, by A C Veateh 1906,

422 pp , 51 pis

The following papers also relate to this subject Underground waters of Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado, by G K 

Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt II, Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N H Darton 

in Seventeenth Annual, Pt II, Water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, m Seventeenth Annual, Pt II, Water 

resources of Indiana and Ohio, b> Frank Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt IV, New developments in well boring and 

irrigation m eastern South Dakota, by N H Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt IV, Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward 

Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt IV, Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic eoastal plain region, by N H Darton, Bulletin 

No 138

Conespondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. 0. 

AUGUST, 1906.

O
d3S g S £961 

^'^^r^Tc.a* ^ V a L *"-»