I 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 9497 

To amend the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 to establish a center on artificial intelligence to ensure continued United States 

leadership in research, development, and evaluation of the robustness, 

resilience, and safety of artificial intelligence systems, and for other 

purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

SEPTEMBER 9, 2024 

Mr. OBERNOLTE (for himself, Mr. LIEU, Mr. LUCAS, and Ms. LOFGREN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 

Science, Space, and Technology 

A BILL 

To amend the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act 

of 2020 to establish a center on artificial intelligence 

to ensure continued United States leadership in research, 

development, and evaluation of the robustness, resilience, 

and safety of artificial intelligence systems, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘AI Advancement and 

5 Reliability Act of 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADVANCEMENT AND 

2 RELIABILITY. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5002 of the National Ar4 tificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401; 

5 as enacted as part of division E of the William M. (Mac) 

6 Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 

7 Year 2021; Public Law 116–283) is amended— 

8 (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), 

9 (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11) as paragraphs (6), (8), 

10 (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14), respectively; 

11 (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol12 lowing new paragraphs: 

13 ‘‘(4) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RED

14 TEAMING.—The term ‘artificial intelligence red 

15 teaming’ means a structured testing in a controlled 

16 environment simulating real-world conditions, using 

17 adversarial methods to find flaws and vulnerabilities 

18 in an artificial intelligence system and identify risks, 

19 flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence sys20 tems, such as harmful outputs from such system, 

21 unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limita22 tions, and potential risks associated with the misuse 

23 of such system. 

24 ‘‘(5) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The 

25 term ‘artificial intelligence system’ has the meaning 

26 given such term in section 7223 of the Advancing 


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1 American AI Act (40 U.S.C. 11301 note; as enacted 

2 as part of title LXXII of division G of the James 

3 M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for 

4 Fiscal Year 2023; Public Law 117–263).’’; and 

5 (3) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so re6 designated, the following new paragraph: 

7 ‘‘(7) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Fed8 eral laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in 

9 section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Inno10 vation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).’’. 

11 (b) CENTER FOR AI ADVANCEMENT AND RELI12 ABILITY.—Title LIII of division E of the National Artifi13 cial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 

14 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following 

15 new section: 

16 ‘‘SEC. 5304. CENTER FOR AI ADVANCEMENT AND RELI17 ABILITY. 

18 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability 

20 of appropriations, the Under Secretary of Commerce 

21 for Standards and Technology (in this section re22 ferred to as the ‘Under Secretary’) shall establish a 

23 center on artificial intelligence, to be known as the 

24 ‘Center for AI Advancement and Reliability’ (in this 

25 section referred to as the ‘Center’), to ensure continVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:23 Sep 17, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H9497.IH H9497

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1 ued United States leadership in research, develop2 ment, and evaluation of the reliability, robustness, 

3 resilience, security, and safety of artificial intel4 ligence systems. 

5 ‘‘(2) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Center 

6 are as follows: 

7 ‘‘(A) To advance the measurement science 

8 for artificial intelligence reliability, robustness, 

9 resilience, security, and safety. 

10 ‘‘(B) To support the National Institute of 

11 Standards and Technology laboratories as such 

12 laboratories carry out artificial intelligence ac13 tivities related to robustness, resilience, and 

14 safety described in section 22A of the National 

15 Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 

16 U.S.C. 278h–1). 

17 ‘‘(C) To collaborate with the private sector, 

18 standards development organizations, civil soci19 ety, and Federal agencies in supporting the de20 velopment of voluntary best practices and tech21 nical standards for evaluating the reliability, 

22 robustness, resilience, security, and safety of ar23 tificial intelligence systems. 

24 ‘‘(D) To increase the understanding of 

25 State, local, and Tribal governments, instituVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:23 Sep 17, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H9497.IH H9497

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1 tions of higher education, private sector enti2 ties, and the public of artificial intelligence reli3 ability, robustness, resilience, security, and safe4 ty-related challenges and remediations. 

5 ‘‘(3) DIRECTOR.—The Under Secretary or ap6 propriate designee shall serve as the Director of the 

7 Center. 

8 ‘‘(4) CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION.—In 

9 establishing the Center, the Under Secretary shall— 

10 ‘‘(A) coordinate with— 

11 ‘‘(i) the Director of the National 

12 Science Foundation; 

13 ‘‘(ii) the Director of the Office of 

14 Science and Technology Policy; 

15 ‘‘(iii) the Secretary of Energy; 

16 ‘‘(iv) the Secretary of Defense; and 

17 ‘‘(v) the Secretary of Homeland Secu18 rity; and 

19 ‘‘(B) consult with the heads of such other 

20 Federal agencies as the Under Secretary con21 siders appropriate. 

22 ‘‘(5) ACTIVITIES.—The activities of the Center, 

23 which the Center may include the following: 


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1 ‘‘(A) Conducting evaluations and 

2 benchmarking of the capabilities and limitations 

3 of artificial intelligence over time. 

4 ‘‘(B) Conducting measurement research to 

5 inform the development of recommended best 

6 practices, benchmarks, methodologies, proce7 dures, voluntary consensus-based technical 

8 standards, and other resources for the evalua9 tion and assurance of reliable, robust, resilient, 

10 secure, and safe artificial intelligence systems 

11 and reduce the risk of the misuse of such sys12 tems, including relating to the following: 

13 ‘‘(i) Common definitions and charac14 terizations for aspects of artificial intel15 ligence safety, security, and robustness and 

16 the measurement of such that are applica17 ble across many sectors and use cases. 

18 ‘‘(ii) The reliability, robustness, resil19 ience, security, and safety of artificial in20 telligence systems and use cases, including 

21 the ability for such systems to withstand 

22 unexpected inputs and adversarial attacks. 

23 ‘‘(iii) Testing, evaluation, validation, 

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1 ance for accuracy, transparency, reliability, 

2 security, verifiability, and safety through3 out the lifecycle of artificial intelligence 

4 systems, including artificial intelligence red 

5 teaming. 

6 ‘‘(iv) Reference use cases for artificial 

7 intelligence systems and criteria for assess8 ing safety risk in each such use case. 

9 ‘‘(C) Providing to relevant Federal agen10 cies and National Institute of Standards and 

11 Technology laboratories, as appropriate, input 

12 and support for artificial intelligence risk man13 agement regarding reliability, robustness, resil14 ience, security, and safety-related topics. 

15 ‘‘(D) Engaging with, or supporting the en16 gagement of the United States Government 

17 with, international standards organizations, 

18 multilateral organizations, and organizations 

19 and topically relevant bodies among allies and 

20 partners to support international collaborations 

21 on activities described in this paragraph. 

22 ‘‘(E) As appropriate, and in coordination 

23 with ongoing National Institute of Standards 

24 and Technology activities, coordinating Federal 

25 research, development, demonstration, and 


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1 standards engagement related to artificial intel2 ligence reliability, robustness, resilience, secu3 rity, and safety. 

4 ‘‘(6) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the ac5 tivities described in paragraph (6), the Under Sec6 retary shall carry out the following: 

7 ‘‘(A) Support research that assesses and 

8 mitigates artificial intelligence reliability, 

9 robustness, resilience, security, and safety risks 

10 across several timescales, including demon11 strable safety risks that arise from the use and 

12 misuse of artificial intelligence systems. 

13 ‘‘(B) Assess scenarios in which artificial 

14 intelligence systems could be deployed to create 

15 risks for economic or national security. 

16 ‘‘(C) Leverage computing resources, access 

17 to open datasets, open source software, and 

18 other resources from industry, government, 

19 nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, 

20 and institutions of higher education to advance 

21 the mission of the Center, as appropriate. 

22 ‘‘(D) Leverage existing Federal invest23 ments to advance the mission of the Center. 

24 ‘‘(E) Avoid unnecessary duplication with 

25 National Institute of Standards and Technology 


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1 laboratory activities authorized under section 

2 22A of the National Institute of Standards and 

3 Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1). 

4 ‘‘(7) REPORT.—For each fiscal year beginning 

5 with fiscal year 2026, not later than 90 days after 

6 the submission of the President’s annual budget re7 quest for such fiscal year in accordance with section 

8 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the Under Sec9 retary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 

10 Space, and Technology of the House of Representa11 tives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

12 Transportation of the Senate a report that includes 

13 the following: 

14 ‘‘(A) A summarized budget in support of 

15 the Center for such fiscal year and the pre16 ceding fiscal year. 

17 ‘‘(B) A description of the goals, priorities, 

18 and metrics for guiding and evaluating the ac19 tivities of the Center. 

20 ‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSORTIUM.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall 

22 establish a consortium (in this section referred to as 

23 the ‘Consortium’) of stakeholders from academic or 

24 research communities, Federal laboratories, private 

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1 ficial intelligence reliability, robustness, resilience, 

2 security, and safety to support— 

3 ‘‘(A) the Center in carrying out the activi4 ties specified in subsection (a)(6); and 

5 ‘‘(B) the National Institute of Standards 

6 and Technology in carrying out section 22A of 

7 the National Institute of Standards and Tech8 nology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1). 

9 ‘‘(2) GOALS.—In addition to supporting the 

10 Center in carrying out activities under subsection 

11 (a)(6), the goals of the Consortium are the following: 

12 ‘‘(A) To evaluate the needs of stake13 holders, including industry and civil society. 

14 ‘‘(B) To identify where gaps remain in the 

15 activities of the Center, including relating to 

16 measurement research and support for stand17 ards development, and provide recommenda18 tions to the Center on how to address such 

19 gaps. 

20 ‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than two years after 

21 the date of the enactment of this section, the Under 

22 Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 

23 Space, and Technology of the House of Representa24 tives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

25 Transportation of the Senate a report summarizing 


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1 the contributions of the members of the Consortium 

2 in support the efforts of the Center. 

3 ‘‘(c) SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY.—The Under Secretary 

4 shall ensure the Center, Consortium, and staff adhere to 

5 policies and procedures established pursuant to section 

6 1009 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 6620), 

7 including by providing mechanisms for an employee or as8 sociate of the National Institute of Standards and Tech9 nology, a member of the Consortium, a private sector enti10 ty, researcher, or student affiliated with the Center or 

11 Consortium, an employee of an agency working with the 

12 Center, or a member of the public to report violations of 

13 such policies by confidential and anonymous means. 

14 ‘‘(d) SECURITY.—This section shall be carried out in 

15 accordance with the provision of subtitle D of title VI of 

16 the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova17 tion Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; enacted as part of divi18 sion B of Public Law 117–167) and section 223 of the 

19 William Mac Thornberry National Defense Authorization 

20 Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (42 U.S.C. 6605). 

21 ‘‘(e) LIMITATION.—Information shared by an entity 

22 with, or provided to, the National Institute of Standards 

23 and Technology for the purpose of the activities described 

24 in this section may not be used by any Federal, State, 


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1 local, or Tribal department or agency to regulate the activ2 ity of such entity. 

3 ‘‘(f) PROHIBITIONS.—Nothing in this section may be 

4 construed to— 

5 ‘‘(1) provide the Under Secretary any enforce6 ment authority that was not in effect on the day be7 fore the date of the enactment of this Act; 

8 ‘‘(2) confer any regulatory authority to any 

9 Federal, State, Tribal, or local department or agen10 cy; 

11 ‘‘(3) require any private sector entity to share 

12 data, including proprietary information, with the 

13 Under Secretary, the Center, or the Consortium; or 

14 ‘‘(4) modify any regulatory requirement to re15 port or submit information to a Federal, State, Trib16 al or local department or agency. 

17 ‘‘(g) SUNSET.—This section shall terminate on the 

18 date that is six years after the date of the enactment of 

19 this section. 

20 ‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

21 is to be authorized to be appropriated to the Under Sec22 retary $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this 

23 section.’’. 

24 (c) HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS UP25 DATE.—Subsection (c) of section 6 of the National InstiVerDate Sep 11 2014 02:23 Sep 17, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H9497.IH H9497

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1 tute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 275) 

2 is amended by striking ‘‘section (b) shall expire on the 

3 date that is 5 years’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (b) shall 

4 expire on the date that is 7 years’’. 

5 (d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The tables of contents 

6 in section 2(b) and in title LIII of the William M. (Mac) 

7 Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 

8 Year 2021 are amended by inserting after the items relat9 ing to section 5303 the following new items: 

‘‘Sec. 5304. Center for AI Advancement and Reliability.’’. 

Æ 


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