DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary 

UNITED STAT-ES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 

Professional Paper 108-G 

ORBITOID FORAMINIFERA· OF THE GENUS ORTHOPHRAGMINA · 

FROM GEORGIA AND FLORIDA 

P APERS BY 

c. w. GOOKE AND J. A. CUSHMAN 

Published December 12, 1917 

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1917 

(Pages 109- 124) 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917 
CONTENTS. 

The stratigraphic position and faunal associates of the orbitoid Foraminifera of the genus Orthophragmina from 

G;~:::d~~~i:~~~~~~'.' ~:. ~-. ~ ~ ~~~~~ .·. ·_ ·_ ·_ -_ ~- ·_ ·_ ·. ·. -. ·. ·. ·. ·_ ·_ ·_ ·_ ·_ -. ·_ -. ~ -- ·_ ·_ ~ ~ ~ -_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ::: ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ Localities on Chipola River ......... _ ..... : ........................ ~ ............... , ................ . 

Localities on Flint River ...... : ............................. -............. " .... -... . .... _ .... -.......... . 

Lo~ality on Suwannee River ...•....... _ ... _ .... __ . __ .... _ .. --._ ......... _ ..... _ .. _ .. : __ ._ .. : ...... _ .. 

Faunal associates of species of Orthophragmina .. ........................... . ..... : . ................... . 

Orbitoid Foraminifera of the genus Orthophragmina from Georgia and Florida, by J_ A. Cushman ............ . 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

109 

109 

109 

110 

112 

112 

115 

Page. 

PLATES XL-XLIV. Species of Orthophragmina~ .......... ....................................... ~ ... , . . . . 119-124 -

FIGURE 19.· Map showing positionjof stations on Chipola River, Fla., and Flint River, Ga., at which specimens 

- of Orthophragmina were collected ................ , .............. _ .. : ............... •.. . . . . . . . . . 111 

20. Map showing position of station 7348, Troy Springs, on Suwannee River, Fla .. ,.................. 114 

II 
THE STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION AND FAUNAL ASSOOIATES OF' THE 

ORBITOID FORAMINIFERA OF THE GENUS ORTHOPHRAGMINA· FROM 

GEORGIA ·AND FLORIDA. I-; 

. ' 

By CHARLES WYTHE CooKE. 

INTRODUCTION. obtained at the other localities cited 1n this 

The present short paper is designed to fur- paper. . . 

nish information regarding the stratigraphic The follq~1ng IS a. list of the species of 

relations of the species of Orthophragrnina de- Or_thophragm~n:a described by Mr. Cushman, 

scribed by Mr. Cushman in the succeeding w1t~ the station numbers of the localities at 

paper and to enumerate the other organisms whwh they were found: 

found in association with them, and therebly Orthophragmina jlintensis Cushman, n. sp. 7115, 7116, 

make evident the value of these species in the 7117., 7119, 7237 · 

investigation of problems of geologic corre- Orthophragmina jloridana Cushman, n. sp. 6768. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman, n·, sp. 3387, 6768. 

lation. Evidence, chiefly paleontologic, pre- Orthophragmina mariannensis Cu,shman, n. sp. 3387, 

sented in a recent paper 1 in my opinion shows 6768. 

that the Ocala limestone is of upper Eocene Orthophragmina mariannensis var. papillata Cushman, 

age. , The occurrence of Orthophragmina at n. var. 6768, 7126, 7129~, 7191,, 7192. 

Orthophragmina . georgiana, Cushman, · n. sp. 3387, 

numerous exposures which are referred to the 7097, 7099, 7126, 734.s. 

Ocala on the basis of physical and faunal Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman, n. sp. 3387. 

resemblance is in accord with the deduction 

from other paleontologic data and corroborates 

the reference to the upper Eocene of the part 

of the formation i:p. which they are found. · 

The orbitoid Foraminifera described by Mr. 

Cushman in the accompanying paper were 

LOCALITIES ON CHIPOLA RIVER. 

Stations 6768, 7191, 7192.-The following 

sections at Marianna are quoted from my paper 

on the age 'of the Ocala-li~estone: 2 

obtained from the Ocala limestone in three Section on the west bank of Chipola River at the wagon 'bridge 

regions-on Chipola River at Marianna, Jack~ one-haljmile .east of Marianna, Fla. 

son County, Fla.; at several localities on Flint Marianna limestone: Feet 

River, Ga., between the crossing of the Sea-: 

board Air Line Railway in Sumter County, 

about 8 miles west of Cordele, and Bainbridge, 

Decatur. County; and ·on Suwannee River in 

Suwan~ee County, Fla. The positions of the 

stations have been plotted on th!e maps, text~ 

figures 19 and 20. Some of these occurrences 

are believed to represent the upper part of . 

the Ocala limestone, but the exact stratigraphic position of most of them in the formation has not been definitely ascertained. The 

collections obtained on Flint River above 

Albany (characterized by the presence of 

Orthophragmina jlintensis Cushman) represent 

a horizon lower in the formation than those 

1 Cooke, C. W., The age of the Ocala limestone: U. S. Geol. Survey· 

Prof. Paper 95, pp. 107-117, 1915. 

5. Alternating hard and softer beds of lightcolored limestone, very hard and compact 

in places, locally -semicrystalline. The 

lower portion contains a considerable 

amount of glauconite. The upper portion 

has been quarried for building stone and 

contains Orbit-oides, Pecten poulsoni (var. ?), 

Clypeaster rogersi, and casts of other fossils. 

The floor of the bridge is 9 feet above the 

base of this bed._.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

Ocala lilp.estone: . 

4. Concealed ...................•.•..... .; . . . . . . . 3 

3. Hard creamy-white semicrystalline limestone~ 

apparently a more indurated phase of bed 

No. 1. Contains Orbitoides (stellately 

marked species), Area, Glycymeris, Amusium 

ocalanum, Plicatula (Ocala species), Venericardia ........... .................. ~ . . . . . . . ll 

2. Concealed .............................. :.... 4 

· 2 Idem, p: 109. 

109 
110 SHORTER CON'rRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1917. 

Ocala limestone-Continued. Feet. _ 

1. Soft cream-colored porous limestone or marl, 

composed largely of Foraminifera loosely 

·packed together. Contain~;~ Nummulites, 

Orbitoide8 (stellately m~ked species), Bryozoa, Amusium ocalanum,-Cardium. Extends 

beneath water in the river.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

The intervals concealed at the bridge are exposed near 

the mouth of the cavern about 200 yards below the bridge, 

where the following supplementary section was observed: 

Section "200 yards below the wagon bridge east of Marianna, 

· Fla. ' 

Marianna limestone: ' Feet . 

. 5. White limestone, the ,same as bed No.5 of the 

section at the bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 

Ocala limestone. _ 

4. Soft cream-colored limestone with several 

species of Orbitoides_ and some Bryozol}. . . . . . 1 -

3. Hard semicrystalline pinkish limestone with 

.large Orbitoides, Flabellum, and Amusium 

ocalanum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6! 

2. Soft granular cream-colored limestone, much 

like No. 1 ofsection at bridge but with fewer 

Foraminifera. Contains Orbitoides (stel- . 

lately marked species)~ Flabellum, Bryozoa, 

Terebratulina lachryma?, Natica, Area, 

Pecten indecisus, Amusium ocalanum, and 

Plicatula (Ocala species)................... 3 

1. Concealed to wate! level in Chipola River. . . . 3 

From bed 1 .of the first section (station 6768) 

Mr. Cushman records Orthophragmina floridana, 0. americana, 0. mariannensis, and 

0. mariannensis var. papillata. The la,c;;tnamed variety occurs also in bed 3 . of ·the first 

section (station 7192) and in bed 2 of the 

second section (station 7191). 

LOCALITIES ON ~INT RIVER. 

Station 72.~7~-Small quarry_on the Averitt 

property, 300 or 400 yar~ southwest of the 

corner of lots 7 and 26, half a mile east of 

Hugenen Ferry and 1 mile south of Daphne 

station, Crisp County. 

The rock at this locality is _a soft white 

limestone containing Orthophragmina fiintensis 

· Cushman, numerous Bryozoa, and an undetermined pecten, pro~ably Amusium ocalanum 

(Dall). An analysis of the limestone fron1 

. this locality given by Brantley 1 shows 85 per 

cent calcium carbonate. Better . exposures of 

this rock occur in a sink about 300 yards east 

of the quarry, where 23 feet of soft argillaceous 

white limestone containing small specks of 

glauconite is overlain by 18 feet of reddish 

sandy loam. The course of an underground 

stream that flows through this sin~ can be 

i. Brantley, J. E., Limestones and marls of the Coastal flain of Georgia: 

Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 21, p. 158, 1916. 

traced northwestward by means of long, 

narrow, slot-shaped sinks whi,ch expose it at 

intervals to Gum Ci·eek. 

Station 7115.-East bank of Flint River at 

bend to west 6 miles below Burke Ferry and 

ab~ut 6 miles above the bridge of the Georgia 

Southwestern & Gulf Railway near Warwick, 

Worth County. ' 

The material exposed -consists of white, 

compact limestone rising 5 feet above water 

level and overlain bv flint boulders, sand, and 

gravel. Orthophrag::nina fiintensis and Ope1'-

culina sp. were collected here. - _ 

Stations 7116, 7117.-Bluff on the west bank 

of Flint River about 1! miles above the bridge 

of the Georgia Southwest~rn & Gulf Railway 

near Oakfield . 

The section 'at this locality is as follows: 

Section o~ Flint River near Oakfield. Feet. 

3. Covered slope to top of hill...................... 22 

2. Hard ledges of compact white semicrystalline 

limestone (station 7117)........................ 3 · 

1. Compact white limestone, mostly soft but with 

harder places. Contains _ (station 7116) Orthophragmina .ftintensis and Laganum? trustuloides 

(Morton)? To water level at 4-foot stage...... '20 · 

From bed 2. were collected the following: 

Foraminifera: 

Orthophragmina flintensis Cushman. 

Bryozoa: 

Several specie~. 

Echinodermata: 

. Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? , 

Mollusca: 

Ostrea sp. 

Pecten perplanus Merton. 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

Station ?'119.-East bank of Flint River, 

about 16 miles above Albany, in Worth County, 

near the Dougherty County line. 

The rock here consists· of 5 feet of limestone, 

the upper part white, and the lower part gray, 

overlain by flint fragments. It contains 

Orthophragmina jlintensis· Cushman, Operculina 

sp., and Pecten suwaneensis Dall . 

Station 7126.-East bank of Flint ·River at 

Dry Bread Shoals, Mitchell County, .8! or _ 9 

rriiles below Newton. 

The following species were collected from 

lumps- of hard limestone . excavated from the 

channel: 

Foraminifera: . 

Orthophragmina manannensis v:ar. papillata Cusl:-

man. 

Orthophr3.oomina georgiana Cushman. 
OR.BITOID FORAMINIFERA FROM GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. Ill 

Anthozoa: 

Trochoseris :n. sp. · 

Echinodermata: 

Cidaris georgiana Twitchell. 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Mollusca: 

Mitra sp. 

Chamasp. 

Limo psis sp. 

Barbatia sp. 

Mollusca-Continued. 

Ostrea trigon~lis Conrad. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall). 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Spondylus sp. 

Plicatula, Ocala sp. 

Mya? sp. 

Venericardia vicksburgiana Dall. 

Venericardia sp. 

Crassatellites sp. 

Scale l. oo~ ooo 

leocs~~~oE===·===·~1~o=======~2o~s 

FIGURE 19.-Mapshowin~ position of stations on Chipola River, Fla., and Flint River, Ga., at which spe9imens of Orthophragmina were _collected. 

Station 7129.-East bank of Flint River 1 

mile below Windell's Landing and about 15 

miles above Bainbridge, in Decatur County. 

Orthophragm~na mariannensis var. papillata 

Cushman and an undetermined species of 

Pecten were found in 5 feet of irregularly 

weathered pinkish limestone. 

Stations 3387, 7097, 7099.-Species of Orthophragmina have been obtained from the Ocala 

limestone at three localities near Bainbridge, 
112 SHORTER CONTiiiBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1917 .' 

the stratigraphic relations of which are nearly 

identical. The 09ala ·limestone is the oldest 

formation in the vicinity of Bainbridge, and 

all the exposures of it · appear to represent a 

single horizon. It is a soft, . coarsely granular 

white to yellow limestone and is composed 

largely of ·tests of Foraminifera and Bryozoa, 

'Yhich on·exposed surfaces have become firmly 

cemented or "casehardened" into a brittle 

semicrystalline · limestone ·-t>ut which when 

freshly exposed are only sligh-tly coherent. 

The rock appears to lie very nearly horizontal, 

but the -upper surface is exc~edingly irregular 

~nd jagged;with.pinnacles extending in places 

to 20 feet above'water level. · The irregularity 

is due in part to erosion prior to the deposition 

of the overlying rna terials- and in part to 

subsequent solution. 

The Ocala is overlain unconforn1ably by a 

complex series of red and variegated sands and 

carbonaceous clays containing chert fr~gments 

with impressions and siliceous pseudomorphs 

of mollusks and corals of earliest Chattahoochee 

age. The Ocala itself appears to have been 

· subjected in less degree to the silicifying 

agencies, for chert fragments carrying Ocala 

fossils are occasionally found. The accidental 

inclusion of some of these fragments· in the 

collections of the coralliferous . chert has "!lnfortunately been interpreted as a mingling of 

the Ocala and Chatt.ahoochee faunas. 1 

The following species have been identified in 

the Ocala limestone from localities near 

Bainbridge: 

Station 7099. East bank of Flint River, half a mile above 

Red Bluff: ' 

Foraminifera: 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Bryozoa: 

Many species. 

Echinodermata: 

- Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Agassizia conradi (Bouve). 

Stations 3387, 6159, 7098. Red Bluff, Flint River, 7 miles 

above Bainbridge: 

Foraminifera: · 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Or.thophnigmina mariannensis Cushman. 

Ortbophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman. 

Bryozoa: 

Many species. 

Echinodermata: 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) georgiensis TwitchelL 

Agassizia conradi (Bouve). 

1 Dall, W. H., A contribution to the invertebrate fauna of the Oligocene 

beds of Flint River, Ga.: U.S. Nat. :M:us. Proc., vol. 5t, p. 488, 1916. 

Station3387, 6159,7098, Red Bluff, Flint River, etc.~Con. 

Moilusca: · 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

_Pecten indecisus Dall. 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall}. 

Station 7097.-Bluff on east bank of Flint 

River near the old ·'factory three-fourths mile 

northeast of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway 

station at Bainbridge: 

Foraminifera: :::-:'~ 

Orthophragm:in~ georgiana Cushman and many 

others. . 

Bryozoa: 

About 34 species, most of them new. ; 

. Echinodermata: 

Cidaris georgiana Twitchell. 

Cassidulus (Py-gorhynchus) conradi (Conrad). 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Agassizia conradi (Bouve). 

Eupatagus carolinensis Clark? 

Mollusca: 

Ostrea,·2 sp. 

·Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall). 

Pijcatula, Ocala sp. 

Cardium sp. ' 

LOCALITY ON SUWANNEE RIVER. 

Station 7348._:_Left bank of Suwannee River 

84! miles above its mouth, 9 miles above 

Branford, and · · about 1 mile above Troy 

Springs. (See fig. 20.) . 

There is at this place a small exposure of 

cream-colored orbitoidal limestone containing 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman, Pecten 

perplanus Morton, -·and Pecten ind~cisus Dall. 

The exposure is believed to represent a horizon 

well _up in the Ocala limestone but not the 

topmost. · · 

FAUNAL ASSOCIATES OF SPECIES OF ORTHOPHRAGMINA. 

The species which hav:e been found associated with each species of Orthophragmina 

are listed below: · 

Orthophragmina fiintensis Cushman. . 

Operculina sp. 

Lagan urn? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Ostrea sp. 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

A':musium ocalanum (Dall). 

Orthophragmina fioridana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis var. papillata Cushman. 

. Flabellum sp. 

Terebratulina lachryma (Morton)? 

Pecten indecisus_ Dall. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall). 

Plicat_ula, Ocala_sp . . 
ORBITOID FORAMJNIFERA FROM GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 113. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina fioridana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman. · 

Orthophragmina mariaimensis var. pap illata Cushman. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman. 

Flabellum sp. 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Cassid ul us (Pygorh ynchus) georgiensis T'vi tchel1. 

Agassizia comadi (Bouve). 

Terebratulina lachryma (Morton)? 

Pecten indecisus Dall. 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman-Continued. 

Terebratulinalachryma (Morton)? 

Pecten indecisus Dall. 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall). 

Plicatula, Ocala sp. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis var. papillata Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman. 

Orthophragmina floridana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Flabellum sp. 

Trochoseris ri. sp. 

Cidaris georgiana Twitchell. 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Terebratulina lachryma (Morton)? 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Pecten indecisus Dall. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall). 

Spondylus sp. 

Plicatula, Ocala sp. 

Venericardia vicksburgiana Dall. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman. 

Orthophragmiil.a mariannensis var. pap illata Cushman. 

Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman. 

Trochoseris n:. sp. 

Cidaris georgiana Twitchell. 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conra>f). 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? . 

Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) conradi (Conrad). 

Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) georgiensis Twitchell. 

Agassizia conradi (Bouve). 

Eupatagus carolinensis Clark? 

Ostrea trigonalis Conrad. 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

FIGURE 20.-Map showing position of station 7348, Troy Springs, on Suwannee Pecten indecisus Dall. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall)r 

Spondylus sp. 

River,Fla. · 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

Amusium o<;alanum (Dall). 

Plicatula, Ocala sp. 

Orthophragmina mariaimensis Cushman. 

Orthophragmina floridana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis var. papillata Cush- man. · 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman. 

Flabellum sp. 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) georgiensisTwitchell. 

Agassizia comadi (Bouve). 

Plicatula, Ocala sp. 

Venericardia vicksburgiana Dall. 

Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman. 

Oligopygus haldermani (Conrad). 

Laganum? crustuloides (Morton)? 

Pecten perplanus Morton. 

Pecten indec!sus Dall. 

Pecten suwaneensis Dall. 

Amusium ocalanum (Dall). 

Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) georgiensis Twitchelt 

Agassizia conradi (Bouve). 

ORBITOID · FORAMINIFERA OF THE GENUS ORTHOPHRAGMINA FROM. 

GEORGIA AND FLORIDA 

By JosEPH AuGusTINE CusHMAN. 

The larger orbitoid Foraminifera of theW estern Hemisphere are very inadequately known, 

yet their occurrence in great numbers has been 

noted in many papers during the last threequarters of a century. Lepidocyclina mantelli 

(Morton), the type species of that genus, was 

described by Morton in 1833. 

As now known the. orbitoid Foraminifera 

found in beds below the Miocene are grouped 

largely · in three genera, the grouping depending upon the internal structure of the test. In 

these gro-q.ps there is a central plane of chambers, known technically as ''equatorial chambers,"· and a mass of more irregularly placed 

chambers on each side, making up the thick-

' ness of the test, known ·as "lateral chambers." 

In transverse (\ertical) section the equatorial 

chambers show slight differences, but when 

cut horizontally, or in the plane in which they 

lie, those of Lepidocyclina typically have a 

hexagonal form, those ·of Orthophragmina are 

elongated_rectangular, and those of Orbitoides 

are diamond shaped. Because in general Orbitoides, with s·ome modifications to be noted 

in a future paper, is Cretaceous, 01thophragmina Eocene, and Lepidocyclina Oligocene, 

much importance is attached to these organisms in the investigation of problems of geologic correlation. 

The specimens described here belong to the 

second of the genera mentioned, Orthophragm,ina. Although not limited to this genus, the 

stellate form or stellate1y marked surface is 

rather characteristic of a number of the species. Bagg 1 and Cooke 2 have referred to 

"stellately marked" orbitoid Foraminifera, all 

of which have proved on examination to be 

Orthophragmina. Two of the species here det Veatch, Otto, and Stephe:rison, L. W., Preliminary report on the 

geology·Df the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 26, 

p. 320, 1911. Identification by R. M. Bagg. 

2 Cooke,. C. W., The age of the Ocala limestone: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 95, p. 109, 1~15. 

100605°-17-2 

scribed are circular and not stellately marked, 

but the others are distinctly stellate, either in 

form or markings. 

After a ~areful study of the species all seem 

to be new, although one or two of them are 

somewhat related to certain European species, 

as is noted in the descriptions. The specimens as a rule occur in soft chalky limestone 

and do not section well to show the .finer structure of the interior. 

Data in regard to material are included in the 

description of each species. 

Orthophragmina flintensis Cushman, n. sp. 

Plate XL, figures 1, 2. 

Test small, circular, about 5 millimeters in 

diameter; central portion thickened, gradually 

sloping to the periphery; surface slightly pustulate l:Yut not papillate, almost smooth, the raised 

pustules generally in· concentric lines. 

· Horizontal section shows very narrow rectangular equatorial chambers and the embryonic chambers consisting of a small circular 

chamber nearly surrounded by ·the elongate 

second chamb<er (Pl. XL, fig. 2) . . 

Type specimen from U. S. G. S. collection 

7117, from Ocala limestone in bluff on west bank 

of Flint River 1 t miles above the Georgia Southwestern & Gulf Railway bridge near Oakfield, 

Lee County, Ga.; upper bed, No.2 of section; 

C. W. Cooke, collector. 

Other specim'ens of this same species from 

the Ocala limestone are in collections 7116,. 

same locality, No.1 of section; 7115, east bank 

of Flint River at bend to west 6 miles below 

Burke . Ferry and about 6 miles above the 

Georgia Southwestern & Gulf Railway bridge 

near Warwic~, Worth County, Ga., C. W. 

Cooke, collector; 7119, east bank of Flint 

River about 16 miles above Albany, in Worth 

Co~nty 1 Ga., C. W. Cooke, collector; 7237, 

115 
116 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1917. 

small quarry on Averitt plantation, 300 or 400 

yards southwest of corner of lots 26-27' and . 

~nlf a mile east of Hugenen Ferry, Crisp 

vounty, Ga.; C. W. Cooke and J. E. Brantley, 

collectors. 

Material from station 7237 may possibly not 

be the same, but the horizontal section, which 

alone was visible, is very similar. The species 

seem to be fairly common in the fine-~ained 

white Ocala limestone .along Flint River at 

these localities. 

Orthophragmina floridana Cushman, n. sp. 

Plate XL, figure 3. 

Test circular, much flattened, of ll\edium 

size, 10 to 14 millimeters in diameter, central 

region very slightly raised and uinbonate, thence 

flattened to the periphery, whole test very 

thin; surfac~ ornamented . throughout with 

fine but distinctly 'raised papillffi almost 

spinose, arranged in concentric, lines . parallel 

with the peripheral margin. 

. Equatorial chamb~rs in horizontal section 

very narrowly rectangular. 

Type specimen from U. S. G. S. collection 

6768, from 'Sof~ white Ocala limestone on Chipola River at wagon bridge half a mile east of 

·Marianna, Fla.; No.1 of section; C. W.Cooke, 

collector. This species is abundant at this 

locality. . 

In many respects this· species resembles 

0. archiaci Schlumberger, but it is a little 

larger and more flattened, and · its surface 

ornamentation is, somewhat different. It is 

evidently, however, an American relative of' 

this ·French species~ 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman, n. sp. 

Plate XL, figure 4; Plate XLI, figure 1; Plate XLII, 

figure 1. · , 

- Test large, as much. as 45 millimeters in 

diameter; peripheral margin with a series of 

projecting angles corresponding to the peripheral terminati9ns of the radiately arranged 

raised ornamentation or thickenings; peripheral 

.margin very thin, especi~lly at the reentrants 

between the projecting angles; central region 

with a· thickened umbo about 2 millimeters in 

diameter, from which radiate the thickened 

rib like raised areas rmining from the urn bo to 

the ends of the peripheral angles, highest near 

· the umbo and .decreasing in height and.increasing in· w·idth .toward the periphery; nearly 20 

radiating ribs in all, some startmg from the 

umbo, others initiated·1ater, not as branches of 

previous ones but arising in the intermediate 

area, usually more or' less irregular, the angle 

with the adjacent ones at either side not usually 

the same; surface comparatively smpoth, very 

slight traces of papillae, usually inconspicuous 

or lacking. . 

In vertical section the equatorial cham hers 

are rectangular, the area of the raised radial 

portions consisting of more ni.unerous lateral 

cham hers in the · columns, curving ·about the 

axis of the rib at either side, those of the intermediate depressed areas parallel with the equatorial belt of cham hers and fewer . in number. 

In horizontal section the equatorial chambers 

. are rectangular, four to five times as long as 

wide,· those of the axis of the radial portions 

narrower than ·those of the intermediate . 

depressed areas. 

·Type specimen from U. S. G. S. collection · 

6768, Ocala limestone on Chipola River at 

wagon bridge a quarter of a mile east of Marianna, Fla.; No.1 of section; C. W~ Cook~, collector. · 

A specimen referred to this species is from 

station 3387, Ocala lim~stone at Red Bluff, on 

Flint River 7 miles. above Bainbridge, Decatur 

County, Ga.; T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1900. 

In1 some respects this species resembles 0. 

patellaris Schlotheim, but it is nearly three 

times as large and has much finer and clearercut radial arms and smaller umbo as well as 

angular periphery. It is inore like 0. munieri 

Schlumberger, but . it is nearly four times as 

large and the number of ribs is greater and they 

do not branch as in 0. munie:ri. 

· 0. americana is ·one of the largest species of 

· the genus. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, n. sp • . 

Plate XL, figu're 5; Plate XLII, figure 2; Plate XLIV. 

·Test flattened, conspicuouslystellate in outline, the angles extending out acutely with 

curved reentr-ants, or' medium. size, mostiy 1~ 

to 18 millimeters in diameter; .central region 

raised, umbonate, from which extend eight to 

eleven' (typically eight) raised rihs, running. to 

the peripheral angles; umbo and ribs finely 

papillate; . depressed. areas between, flat and 

rather remotely and finely papillate except 
·ORBITOID FOR.AMINilfERA FROM GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 117 

toward the periphery, where the papillae are 

slightly more conspicuous. , 

Horizontal section showing much elongated, 

rectangular equatorial chambers, the lateral 

' chambers irregularly polygonal in section. 

Vertical section with the embryonic chambers very unequal, distinct pillars between the 

vertical rows of lateral chambers,-increasing in 

diameter peripherally. 

Type specimen from station 6768, Ooala limestone on Chipola River at wagon bridge half a 

mile east of Marianna, Fla.; No. 1 of section; 1 

C. W. Cooke, collector. Abundant. 

One sp'ecimen from U. S. G. S. station 3387, 

Ocala limestone at Red Bluff, on Flint River 

7 miles above Bainbridge, Decatur County, 

Ga.; T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1900. 

0. mariannensis . somewhat remotely re- . 

sem b les 0. lanceolata Schlum berger, but it is 

much larger and has a greater number of ribs, 

and its surface ornamentation is different. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, n. sp., var. 

papillata <;ushman, n. var. 

Plate XLIII, :figure 1; Plate XLIV. 

Variety dli1ering frolll; the typical form of 

the species in the much more prominent, higher 

ribs, , which are semicylindrical and very 

strongly papillate; number of ribs also slightly 

greater than in the typical_ fo:r:m; a few specimens have 8, but 9 to 12 or even 16 ribs are 

more frequent. 

Occurs in Ocala limestor:e, with the typical 

form, at the type locaJity, U. S. G. S. station 

6768, on Chipo~a River at wagon bridge half a 

mre east of Marianna, Fla.; No. 1 of section; 

No.3 of section at station 7192; C. W. Cooke, 

collector. 

Specimens also from stations 7126, Ocala 

limestone, east bank of Flint River at Dry 

Bread Shoals, 8! or 9 miles below Newton, in 

Mitchell County, Ga., from lumps blasted from 

the channel, C. W. Cooke, collector; ar..9- 7129, 

Ocala limestone, east bank of Flint River a mile 

be~ow Windell's landing, about 6 miles above 

Red Bluff, Ga.; C. W. Cooke, collector. 

. There is a single specimen, an impression 

only, from station 7191, from Ocala limestone 

at mouth of small cavern about 200 yards southwest of briP,ge over Chipola River east of 

Marianna, Fla.; No.2 of section; C. W. Cooke 

and W. C. Mansfield, collectors. 

1 Cooke, C. W., The e of the Ocal~ limestone: U.S. Ceol. Survey 

;prof. Paper 95, p. 109, 1915. 

This variety for the most part is that referred 

to by Cooke in his paper cited above. It is 

recorded there under the name '' Orbitoides, 

stellately marked species." 

Orthophra~mina georgiana Cushman, n. · sp. 

Plate XLI, :figures 2, 3; Plate XLII, :figure 3; Plate XLIII, 

figUres 2, 3. 

Test typically almost square .in outlir:e, the 

angles slightly projecting and the sides slight:y 

concave near the angles, convex in tlie center, 

small; diameter usually about 6 millimeters for 

the adult specimens, diagonals of the square 

occupied, by raised radial areas with a eentra.l 

umbonate :~!lass of a little more than a millimeter in diameter, intermediate triangular areas 

flat and thin; entire surface with very r..umerous, evenly , distributed, prominent papillae, 

those of the central umbo and the middle line 

of the radial ridges slightly larger than those 

6f the rest of the surface. 

Type specimen from U. S. G. S. collection -

3387, Ocala limestone at Red Bluff, on Ffu:t 

River 7 miles above Bainbridge, Decat-cr 

County, Ga.; T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1900. 

It has also been collected in the Ocala limestone at the following stations: 7097, east 

bank of Flint River above the old factory, 

at bend three-quarters of a mile northeast 

of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway station 

at Bainbridge,, Ga., C. W. Cooke and W. C. 

Mansfield, collectors; 7099,· east bank of Fli.--:t 

River about half a mile above Red Bluff, De- . 

catur County, Ga., C. W. Cooke, collector; 

7126, east bank of Flint River at Dry Bread 

Shoals, 8! or 9 miles below Newton, in Mitchell 

County, Ga., from lumps blasted from the channel, C. W. Cooke,· collector; 7348, left bank of 

Suwannee Rive;r about a. mile above Troy · 

Springs, Fla., C. W. Cooke, collector. 

In its general form this species is very much 

like 0. ·stellata D'Archiac as figured by Schlumberger, but it does not seem to have the characteristic increase in width of the equatorial band 

of chambers toward the periphery inthe vertical section along the ray that occurs in that species. On the ~on trary, in 0. georgiana the equatorial chambers seem . to decrease in width toward the periphery, in this being more like those 

cf 0. lanceolata Schlum berger. In 0. georgiana 

also the radial ribs incline to a thickening in 

the center. 
11& SH ORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1917 • . 

Orthophragmina'vaughani Cushman, n. sp. 

Plate XLIII, figures 4, 5. 

Test flattened, small; 8 to 10 millimeters in 

diameter, quadrate or octagonal in outline, stel-

, late; main ornamentation consisting of ~ central raised umbonate portion with four radiating raised areas to the main angles of the test, 

broad and rather low, about halfway to the periphery considerably increasing in height and 

width, finely papillate toward the center, much 

more _ coarsely so toward the periphery; inter-

. -

mediate spaces mucl~ depressed, with a smoqth 

U-shaped area near the inner angle next to the 

raised portions; the peripheral part raised and 

strongly papillate, the peripheral portion of this 

raised area 'at the margin strongly· convex or 

even bluntly angled.. . 

The ornamentation of this species is unique. 

Type specimen and others from U.S. G. S. 

station 3387, Ocala limestone, Red Bluff, ori 

Flint :River 7 miles above Bainbridge, Decatur County, Ga.; ~- W. Vaughan, collector, 

1900. 
PLATES XL-XLIV. 

119 
PLATE XL. 

Orthophragmina flintensis Cushman, n. sp. (p. 115). 

FIGURE 1. .Sectional View of type specimen, X 20, showing proloculum and second chamber which nearly encircles it, 

and the annular rings of narrowly rectangular chambers. U. S. G. S. station 7115. 

FIGURE 2. Accidental section of another specimen, X 20. U.S. G. S. statio~ 7119 . 

Orthophragmina floridana Cushman, n. sp. (p~ il6). 

FIGURE 3. Surface view of type spe_cimen, X 8. U.S. G. S. station 6768. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman, n. sp. (p.ll6). 

FIGURE 4 .. Type specimen, X 4. Central portion prominently elevated. ·U.S. G. S. station 6768. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, n. sp. (p. 116). 

FIGURE 5. Incomplete specimen, X 4. From Marianna, Fla. · 

120 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 108 PLATE XL 

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3 

SPECIES OF ORTHOPHRAGMINA. 
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 108 PLATE XLI 

1 

2 3 

SPECIES OF ORTHOPHRAGMINA. 
PLATE XLI. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman, n. sp. (p. 116). 

FIGURE 1. Surface view of a specimen, X 4, largely covered with an incrusting bryozoan. U. S. G."-8. station 6768. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman, n. sp. (p. 117). 

FIGURE 2. Specimen viewed from the exterior, X 8. U.S. G. S. station 7097. 

FIGURE 3. Specimen with a more papillate surface, X 8. U. ~-G. S. station 7099. 

121 
. I 

' . 

PLATE 'XLII. 

Orthophragmina americana Cushman, n. sp. (~. 116). 

FIGURE 1. Surface view of one-half of-a very large specimen, X 4. U.S. G. S. station 3787. 

Orthophragmina marianneU:sis Cushman, n. sp. (p. 116). · 

FIGURE 2. Surface view of specimen, X 4. U. S. G. S. station 7191. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman, n. sp. (p. 117). 

FIGURE 3. Portion of rock fragment with h~o specimens, the upper one much more papillate than the lower. U. S. 

G. S. station 7126. 

122 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 108 PLATE XLII 

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2 3 

SPECIES OF ORTHOPHRAGMINA. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROF.ESSIONAL PAPER 108 PLATE XLIII 

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SPECIES OF ORTHOPH RAGMINA. 
PLATE XLIII. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis var. papillata Cushman, n. var. (p. 117). 

FIGURE 1. Surface view of a fairly complete speCimen, X 6. U.S. G. S. station 7126. 

Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman, n. sp. (p. 117). 

FIGURE 2. Surface view of a nearly complete specimen of the papillate form, X 8. , U.S. G. S. station S387, 

FIGURE 3. Surface view of type specimen, X 8. U. S. G. S. station 7348. · 

Orthophragmina vaughani Cushman, n. sp. (p.l~8). 

FIGURE 4. Surface view of type specimen, X 8. U.S. G. S. station 3387. 

FIGURE 5. Surface view of a less fully developed specimen from the same station, ·X 8. 

123 

•, 
PLATE. XLIV. 

Orthophragmina mariannensis and var. papillata Cushman, n. sp~ an n. var. - (pp. 116, 117.) 

Rock specimen from Marianna, Fla., showing two spechnens of the typical form of the spee!es and one of the variety 

at die lower left, X 4. U.S. G. S. station 6768. . . 

124 

0 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 108 PLATE XLIV 

SPECIES OF ORTHOPHRAGMINA.