FILED

April 29, 1999

Cecil Crowson, Jr.

Appellate Court Clerk

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE, 

AT NASHVILLE 

_______________________________________________________

)

GARY MILTON JONES, ) Davidson County Circuit Court

) No. 97D-2191

 Plaintiff/Appellant. )

)

VS. ) C.A. No. 01A01-9806-CV-00298

)

MARY FRANCES JONES, )

)

 Defendant/Appellee. )

)

______________________________________________________________________________

From the Circuit Court of Davidson County at Nashville.

Honorable Muriel Robinson, Judge 

Joe P. Binkley, Sr., Nashville, Tennessee

Karla C. Hewitt, HATCHETT & HEWITT, Nashville, Tennessee

Attorneys for Plaintiff/Appellant.

No Appearance by Defendant/Appellee

OPINION FILED:

AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED AND REMANDED

FARMER, J.

CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S.: (Concurs)

LILLARD, J.: (Concurs)
Defendant Gary Milton Jones (Husband) appeals the final decree of divorce entered

by the trial court which awarded $5000 in marital property to Plaintiff/Appellee Mary Frances

Jones (Wife), awarded the Wife $1700 in attorney’s fees, and ordered the Husband to pay court costs

and court reporter expenses. We affirm the final divorce decree, with one modification.

The parties were married in August 1996 and separated in July 1997. At the time of

the parties’ marriage, the Husband lived with his mother in her home. The parties knew that the

Husband’s mother was terminally ill with cancer, and the Wife agreed to move into the home and

to help care for her mother-in-law during her illness. Unfortunately, acrimony developed almost

immediately between the Wife and the Husband’s mother. This acrimony marked the beginning of

the end of the parties’ short-lived marriage. 

In July 1997, the Husband filed a complaint for divorce alleging that the Wife had

been guilty of inappropriate marital conduct. Alternatively, the Husband alleged that the parties were

unable to live together due to irreconcilable differences but that the parties had not yet entered into

a marital dissolution agreement. 

The Wife filed a response in which she denied the allegations of the Husband’s

complaint (with the exception of the statistical information), denied the asserted grounds for divorce,

and denied that the Husband was entitled to any of the relief sought in his complaint. The Wife’s

response contained no prayer for specific or general relief. The only relief requested by the Wife was

contained in a separately-filed motion wherein she sought alimony pendente lite. 

After conducting a bench trial, the trial court entered a final decree of divorce in

which it ordered the Husband to pay to the Wife $5000 representing her interest in the marital

property, to be paid at the rate of $208.33 per month for a period of twenty-four months, ordered the

Husband to pay the Wife’s attorney’s fees in the amount of $1700, and ordered the Husband to pay

court costs and court reporter expenses.

The Husband has appealed, arguing that the trial court erred in awarding the Wife

marital property and attorney’s fees when the Wife failed to ask for such relief in her response to the
1As pertinent, rule 54.03 provides that

[e]xcept as to a party against whom a judgment is entered by

default, every final judgment shall grant the relief to which the

party in whose favor it is rendered is entitled, even if the party

has not demanded such relief in the party’s pleadings; but the

court shall not give the successful party relief, though such party

may be entitled to it, where the propriety of such relief was not

litigated and the opposing party had no opportunity to assert

defenses to such relief.

T.R.C.P. 54.03 (emphasis added).

Husband’s complaint for divorce. Based on this same reasoning, the Husband also contends that the

trial court erred in requiring him to pay the court costs and court reporter expenses in this case. In

support of these arguments, the Husband cites this court’s decision in Fenley v. Fenley, No.

03A01-9604-CH-00121, 1996 WL 469683 (Tenn. App. Aug. 19, 1996), wherein we stated that

[i]t has long been the law in this state that a judgment beyond

the pleadings or issues tried by consent, is not valid. Brown v.

Brown, 281 S.W.2d 492, 497 (Tenn. 1955); . . . .

A party is entitled to notice that an issue will be tried by the

court. It is axiomatic that without such notice, a party is at a

disadvantage in preparing for trial. It is hard to defend against a

claim or request that you do not know is going to be litigated. As the

Supreme Court in the Brown case said:

The policy underlying the rule seems to be that since

the purpose of pleadings is to give notice to all

concerned regarding what may be adjudicated, a

judgment beyond the scope of the pleadings is beyond

the notice given the parties and thus should not be

enforced.

Fenley, 1996 WL 469683, at *3 (quoting Brown, 281 S.W.2d at 497) (other citations omitted).

Relying on the foregoing principles, this court reversed that portion of the trial court’s order

modifying the father’s visitation rights because that issue was neither raised by the parties’ pleadings

nor tried with the parties’ implied consent.

We agree with the principles set forth by this court in Fenley. We disagree, however,

with the Husband’s contention that these principles mandate reversal of the final divorce decree

entered in this case. As this court held in Moore v. Moore, 1988 WL 63498, at *3 (Tenn. App.

June 24, 1988), rule 54.031

 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure “permits trial courts to grant
2See Davidson County Cts. R. 22.

relief and enter judgment on issues tried by consent even if they were not embodied in the

pleadings.” Accordingly, a final divorce decree will not be reversed on the ground that it grants

greater relief than that sought by the parties’ pleadings if the record shows that the issues were tried

with the parties’ consent. Moore, 1988 WL 63498, at *3. After carefully reviewing the record in

this case, we conclude that the issues of property division and attorney’s fees were tried with the

parties’ consent.

Although the Wife failed to request any specific or general relief in her response to

the Husband’s divorce complaint, the record reflects that the Husband was on notice that the Wife

was seeking a portion of the marital estate and her attorney’s fees. The record contains a certificate

of readiness for trial, signed by counsel for both parties, which certified “that a list of assets

including marital property, separate property and inherited property, and a proposed division, has

been filed with the court or will be filed by court date.” The proposed division of assets

subsequently filed by the Wife indicated that the Wife was seeking a portion of several properties

which were titled in either the Husband’s name or both parties’ names. These properties included

proceeds from the sale of Central Parking stock, USA Floral stock, an A.G. Edwards and Sons

portfolio, an A.G. Edwards IRA, the Husband’sNationsBank investment account, and the Husband’s

NationsBank pension plan. In response, the Husband filed his own proposed division of assets

which contended that he should be awarded all interest in the foregoing assets. The pretrial

information filed by the parties, pursuant to local rule 22,2 revealed that both parties were aware that

the distribution of these assets was in dispute. The Husband’s pretrial information additionally

revealed that the Wife previously had requested the Husband to pay her attorney’s fees. 

Moreover, the record reflects that these issues were tried below without the objection

of either party. In her opening argument, counsel for the Wife affirmed that the Wife was seeking

a portion of the foregoing stocks and investment accounts. During the evidentiary portion of the

trial, counsel for the Wife elicited the Wife’s testimony that she was asking the trial court to award

her a share of these assets, as well as her attorney’s fees. The Wife testified that her attorney’s fees

totaled $1700. The Wife’s counsel also elicited testimony from the Husband on cross-examination
3Rule 15.02 provides that

[w]hen issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or

implied consent of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects

as if they had been raised in the pleadings. Such amendment of

the pleadings as may be necessary to cause them to conform to the

evidence and to raise these issues may be made upon motion of any

party at any time, even after judgment; but failure so to amend

does not affect the result of the trial of these issues. Provided,

however, amendment after verdict so as to increase the amount

whereby he acknowledged that, during the parties’marriage, (1) the Husband’s NationsBank pension

plan increased in value by over $13,000, (2) the Husband’s A.G. Edwards IRA increased in value

by at least $1200 in one calendar quarter alone, (3) the Husband used marital income to acquire

stocks valued at approximately $4000, and (4) the Husband closed out a joint savings account

containing more than $3200. 

On direct examination, counselfortheHusband elicited the Husband’s testimony that

he did not think the Wife deserved any interest in the disputed assets because of her minimal

contributions to the marriage. Significantly, however, during the trial the Husband raised no

objection to the Wife receiving a share of the marital property or her attorney’s fees on the ground

that she failed to request such relief in her pleadings. Counsel for the Husband did not raise this

objection during opening arguments, during the parties’ testimony on these issues, or at the

conclusion of trial when the trial court orally announced its rulings from the bench. The Husband

did not raise this objection until he filed his motion to alter or amend the judgment. See

T.R.C.P. 59.04. This motion came after the trial court entered its judgment awarding the Wife $5000

in marital property and $1700 in attorney’s fees.

The procedural posture of this case is similar to that of Fulks v. Fulks, 1989 WL

122979 (Tenn. App. Oct. 18, 1989), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Jan. 2, 1990). In Fulks, this court

rejected the husband’s contention that the trial court erred in awarding alimony to the wife when

alimony was not requested in the wife’s complaint. Fulks, 1989 WL 122979, at *3. Although the

wife’s complaint failed to request alimony, the proposal for property division filed by the wife prior

to trial asserted that the wife was “entitled to in excess of one-half of the physical assets of the

parties and, in addition thereto, substantial rehabilitative alimony” and periodic alimony. Id., at *2.

Citing rules 54.03 and 15.023 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, we held that the issue of
sued for in the action shall not be permitted. If evidence is

objected to at the trial on the ground that it is not within the issues

made by the pleadings, the court may allow the pleadings to be

amended and shall do so freely when the presentation of the merits

of the action will be subserved thereby and the objecting party fails

to satisfy the court that the admission of such evidence would

prejudice that party in maintaining the action or defense upon the

merits. The court may grant a continuance to enable the objecting

party to meet such evidence.

T.R.C.P. 15.02 (emphases added).

alimony “should be treated [as] having been raised in the pleadings.” Id., at *3. We reasoned that,

under the circumstances, “the defendant had ample opportunity to assert defenses to the claim for

alimony, even though no demand was made therefor in the complaint.” Id.

In the present case, we conclude that the Husband similarly had ample opportunity

to assert defenses to the Wife’s claims for a portion of the parties’ marital property and her attorney’s

fees, even though the Wife’s response to the Husband’s complaint failed to request such relief. The

record reflects that both parties knew these issues would be disputed at trial and that they in fact

litigated these issues. Inasmuch as the issues of property division and attorney’s fees were tried with

the parties’ consent, we affirm that portion of the final decree disposing of these issues.

We likewise affirm that portion of the trial court’s decree requiring the Husband to

pay court costs. Tennessee Code Annotated section 20-12-119(a) provides that “[i]n all civil cases,

whether tried by a jury or before the court without a jury, the presiding judge shall have a right to

adjudge the cost.” T.C.A. § 20-12-119(a) (1994). Rule 54.04(1) of the Tennessee Rules of Civil

Procedure provides that “[c]osts included in the bill of costs prepared by the clerk shall be allowed

to the prevailing party unless the court otherwise directs.” T.R.C.P. 54.04(1). We believe that these

provisions gave the trial court the authority to order the Husband to pay court costs regardless of

whether the parties’ pleadings requested such relief.

We reach a somewhat different conclusion, however, with regard to the award of

court reporter expenses. Court reporter expenses are discretionary costs, which are allowable in the

trial court’s discretion if the requirements of rule 54.04(2) have been met. See T.R.C.P. 54.04(2).

Rule 54.04(2) requires a party requesting discretionary costs to file and serve a motion within thirty
days after entry of judgment. Id. In the present case, the Wife did not file and serve a post-trial

motion for discretionary costs. Instead, at the conclusion of trial, the Wife’s counsel orally requested

that the Husband be required to pay the court reporter expenses. 

Under similar circumstances, our supreme court has reversed an award of

discretionary costs. In Oster v. Yates, 845 S.W.2d 215 (Tenn. 1992), the defendant’s attorney orally

moved to have discretionary costs taxed against the plaintiff at the conclusion of trial, and the trial

court granted the request. Citing rule 54.04(2), the supreme court concluded that the trial court had

abused its discretion in awarding discretionary costs. Oster, 845 S.W.2d at 217. The court explained

that “[t]he matter was not treated as a post trial motion” as contemplated by rule 54.04(2) and that

the plaintiff “was not given a reasonable opportunity to prepare and present its defenses and

objections to the motion.” Id.

Nevertheless, we decline to reverse the award of discretionary costs in this case. The

record reflects that the Husband did not object to the Wife’s request for discretionary costs at trial.

Instead, counsel for the Husband indicated that he previously had agreed to share the court reporter

expenses, and the Wife’s counsel did not contradict this statement. Accordingly, we modify the final

divorce decree to require the Husband to pay one-half of the court reporter expenses incurred at trial.

As modified, the final divorce decree is affirmed, and this cause is remanded for

further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs of this appeal are taxed to the Husband, for

which execution may issue if necessary.

____________________________________

FARMER, J.

______________________________

CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S. (Concurs)

______________________________

LILLARD, J. (Concurs)