Professional Paper No. 4 Series H, Forestry, 1 

' DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 

THE 

FORESTS--oF 

BY 

u _ ·"~ ON '- -- \j . 

HENRY ,GANNETT 

W ASHING'l'ON ' 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1902 

Professional Paper No. 4 Series H, Forestry, 1 

DEPARTMENT OF THE lNTElUOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DlltECTOR 

,...rHE 

FORESTS OF OREGON 

BY 

HENHY GANNETT 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMEN'f PRINTING OFFICE 

1902 

I 

CONTENTS. 

Page 

Letter of transmittal __________________________________________________________ . _. ______ . _ _ 7 

Classification of lands ____________________ . __ . ___________ . _. _ . ___ . ______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 

Fires .•............ _ . ____ ... ___ . ___ . _ . _ . _ . ____ . ____ . ____________ .. ______ . ___ . _ .. __ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Stand of timber ......... _ ..... ___ ... _. _ ... __ ... __ . ____ . ____ .. _. __ . ____ . ________ . ___ .. _ _ _ _ _ 13 

Species of timber. __ ._ ... _ .............. __ . ________ .. ___ . ________ .. _______________________ . 14 

Classification of lanch; and stand of timber, by counties __ .. _ .. _____ . ___ . _______ ._____________ 15 

Baker County _ ...... _ ........... _ .. _ .. _ ............ _____ . __ . _. ___ .. __ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Benton County .. _. _ ...... ____ .. _ ... _ .. _ .. _________ . ________ . __ . ___ ... __________ .. _ _ _ _ 17 

Clackamas County ..... __ ............. _ .. _ .. _. _____ . _. ________ .. __ . __________ .... _ _ _ _ _ 17 

Clatsop County . ___ ... _ ...... __ ...... _____________ ........... ___ .... __ . _____ . ___ . _. . . . 18 

Columbia County ...... _____ .. _. ________ .. _________ ..... ____ . _________________ ... _____ · 19 

Coos County ........... ___ .. ___ . _ . __ .... ___ ... _ .. __ . _ .. _ .... __ . ______________ . _____ . _ _ 19 

Crook County . . . . . . . . . . _ .............. ___ .. ______________ . ___ . _ ..... _ ............. _ 20 

Curry County ............... ___ ...... _. __ . _ ...... ___ ......... __ .................. __ .. 20 

Douglas County .... _ . _ .. _ ....... ____ .... ____ . _______________ . _________ .. __________ ... _ 21 

<:Jillian1 County __ . __ .. _ . ___ .. ___ ... ____ . _______ . _______________ ~ ____ .... _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 

tirant County ....... ________ . _ .. ___ .. __________________________ . __________ . __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 

Harney County. ______ . _________ . _ . __ . ___ . _ .. _______________________ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 

Jackson County. ___ .. _____________ .... _ . _ . ______________________ .. ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 

Josephine County ..... -.- ................ _ ... ____ ........ _. _ .. _. _ ............. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

Klan1ath County _______ . ___ . ____ .... _ .... _ . ___ . ___ ~ ___________ . ______ . ____ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

Lake County ........................ _ ....... _____ . __ . ___ . _ .............. __ .. ___ . _ _ _ _ _ 24 

Lane County ... ____ .......... _ .. ____ .... _ ........ ___ ...... ____ . __ .. ________ . ______ .. _ 25 

Lincoln County ...... _. __ ..... ____ . ________ ..... _. __ .............. · .. ____ . __ . _________ . 25 

Linn County _ .............. _ ... _ .. __ .. _ ...... ______ .. _. __ . ________ . _________ ... _____ . 26 

Malheur County ....... _ .. _ ....... _ .. __ ................ ___ .. _. _ .. ____ . ________ .. __ .... 26 

Marion County .................................... ____ ... __ ..................... __ . . . 27 

Morrow County ........................ ___ .... _ . _ ..... : ........ _ ............ _ ..... ___ . 27 

Multnomah County ... _ ........ ___ . _ .. _ ............ _______ .. _________ . __ ... ____ . _ . __ .. 28 

Polk County .......... _. _ .......... _ .... ___ .. _ ....... __ .. ___ . _ ....... ___ .......... __ .. 28 

Sherman County ............................... __ . _ ..... __ . __ . _. _. _ ... ·_. _ ......... ___ . 29 

Tillamook County ............................... _ .............. _ ....... __ ........ _ .. _ 29 

Un1atilla County ............................ _ ... __ .............. __ ................ ___ . 29 

Union County .•................................................... _ ........ _ ........ _ 30 

Wallow a County ........................................ _ .... ______ ..... _ ..... _ .... _ . . 30 

\Vasco County ............................... _ .... _ ... ____ ......................... __ . 31 

Washington County ...... _ .... __ .. _ ... ______ .... _ ..... _ .. _ .. _ .... __ ... ____ . _ . _ ... _ . . . . 32 

Wheeler County .............. _ ......... _ ... _. _ ....... _ ......... _ ... _ ...... _. _ ....... _ 32 

Yamhill County ........................... _ .... _. ___ .. _ .................. ___ . ____ .. _. 32 

l ndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 

3 

ILijUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

l'LATE I. Land-clal"sification map of Oregon ... __ .... __ ..... _ .................... _._ .... In pocket. 

II. Reel fir in Columbia County, Oregon ........... _ . ____ ... _ ........... _ ........ _... 10 

III. A, The great Nestucca burn; B, The great Yaquina burn ...... __ ................... 12 

IV. Red fir, showing result of forest fire ............. _ .... _ ..... ___ .. _................. 16 

V. Sugar pine, showing result of forest fire. ____ .. ___ ..... __ .... _. __ .. _. __ .. __ ..... _.. 20 

VI. Sugar pine 10 feet in diameter ....... _ .... __ .................................. _... 24 

YII. A, Yellow pine, Blue MountainEJ, E~howing result of bnrn; B, Tamarack grove, Blue 

Mountains ... _____ . _____ .. __ ... ______ . ____ ... _ .......... _. __ . ____ ...... _...... 30 ~ .. 

5 

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAIJ. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

UNITED STATER GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY, 

TV(tRhJngtrm' JJ. e.' June 17, 1902. 

SIR: I transmit herewith, for publication in the series of Professional Papers, 

the results of an estimate of the stand and character of the timber of Oregon. 

Very respeetfully, yours, 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, 

Di'l'ector United State~'i Geological SuJ''l-'ey. 

HENRY GANNETT, 

Geognrpher. 

7 

THE FORESTS OF OR.EGON. 

By HENRY GANNETT. 

In the Nineteenth Annual Report there was published an estimate of the standing 

timber in Oregon, which was based upon cruising~ made by the Oregon and California Railroad Company, the Willamette Valley and Cascade Range Wagon Road 

Company, and by lumbermen. Since that time a large amount of additional information concerning the forests of the State has been obtained, in part by detailed 

examinations made by lVIessrs. J. B. Leiberg, H. D. Langille, F. G. Plummer, Arthur 

Dodwell, and T. F. Rixon, of the areas lying between latitudes 42° and 43° and 

longitudes 121° and 1~3° and the Caseade Range Forest Reserve, in part through 

reconnaissances made by the Northern Paeifie Railroad Company, but mainly through 

examinations made by Mr. A. J .• Johnson, of Astoria, Oreg., in the employ of this 

office as a special forest expert. l\fr .. Johnson has been employed upon this work 

the greater part of two years. He was supplied with all the information at hand 

concerning the timber lands of the State, and armed with this he has visited nearly 

every timbered township in the State, making persona:l examinations, and obtaining 

information from all reliable sources. With the exception of the areas above noted, 

the following figures and descriptions are based mainly upon Mr. Johnson's work, 

supplemented in eertain places by the other data above mentioned. 

CLASSIFICATION OF T .. ANDS. 

The land-classification map of the State herewith presented as Pl. I (in poeket) 

is abo made up mainly fl'om Mr; .Johnson's work, supplemented from the work of 

Messrs. Leiberg, Langille, Plummer, Dodwell, and Rixon in the Cascade Range 

Forest Reserve and in the areas between latitudes 42° and 43° and longitudes 121° 

and 123°. 

The area of Oregon is 96,030 square miles, of which 1,470 square miles are estimated as water surface, eonsisting of lakes, rivers, etc., leaving 94,560 square miles 

as land surface. Of this area, 28,843 square miles, or 30 per cent, are covered with 

9 
10 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

timber of merchantable size and quality; 40,228 square miles, or 43 per cent, are 

wooded, including in this the area of merchantable timber; 51,980 square miles, or 

55 per cent, are at present open country, including the areas which were open before 

the settlement by whites and those which have been cleared by settlement; the 

remainder of the State consists of rocky and desert country in the Cascade Range and 

in the plateaus to the east. 

The Coast Range presents an almost unbroken wooded region extending from 

the Columbia to the south boundary of the State. Toward the south boundary, 

however, the forests heeome more open, the Houthern slopes of the mountains being 

largely without timber, while, as a rule, the northern slopes are well forested. The 

great hurned areaH in the ~oast Range are, in the main, well advanced toward 

restocking with timber. Sueceeding this region on the cast is a dep1;ession extending from Columbia River south to the Siskiyou Mountains, which consists in large 

part of open country. The northern portion of it consists of the Willamette Valley, 

beyond which to the southward succeed the valleys of Umpqua and Rogue .rivers. 

The valley of the Willamette is a broad open expanse. How much of this valley 

was originally forested and has been cleared by man it is impossible at this time to 

say, but probably strips of considerable width on either side. were formerly forested 

and have thn:-; been cleared. The valley~ of Umpqua and Rogue rivers contain 

much open lat?d, in which are scattered bodies of timber. 

The (~ascade Range is heavily timbered from the west base to its crest and to a 

varying distance upon the eastern side. As in the Coast Range, the forest is less 

dense in the southern part of the State, and to a large extent is confined to the northern slopes. From the crest the forest extends eastward to varying distances, the 

distance being greatest in the southern part of the State, in Klamath and Lake eounties, nearly all of the former county being covered by forests of yellow pine. 

In the northeastern part of the State is a large, irregular, isolated body of timber 

covering the Blue and Wallowa mountains. These forests are open and light as compared with those in the western part of the State. 

The crest of the Cascade Range is a natural dividing line between two very dif-. 

ferent portions of Oregon. West of this line the rainfall is heavy, and consequently 

the forests are, as a whole, dense, and in parts extremely luxuriant. East of that 

boundary the rainfall is light, the forests are comparatively scanty and open, and the 

stand of timber is small. The total area of that part of the State west of the crest of 

the range is 28,877 square miles, of which 15,089 square miles, or 52 per cent, are 

occupied by merchantable timber, and 7,102 square miles, or 24 per cent, are open 

country. As a contrast to this the eastern part of the State comprises 65,683 square 

miles, of which 13~ 754 s.quare miles, or only 21 per cent, are timbered, and 44,878 

square miles, or 68 per cent, are open country. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 4 PL. II 

RED FIR IN COLUMBIA COUNTY, OREG. 
FIRES. 11 

The following table classifies the land west and east 0f the erest of the Caseade 

Range, and of the State as a whole: 

Clas.~ification r~f lands in ( Jregun. 

--------------------------

Clas~. East of 

Casrades. I The State. ! 

Squm·e miles. Square mileR. ' Sqnare mile.s. 

Total area . ____ . _ ... ____ ....... _ 

Merchantable-timber area_ .. ___ .............. _ .... _ ... _ ... . 

~~:=e~o~~:~.:T ~ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ~ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :I 

Cut area.. . . _ . __ ....... _ . . . _ .. _ ..... _ ................... . 

Barren .. _ .. ____ .. _ ... __ ... _ ... _ ........... _ ....... _ .. _ ... . 

28,877 

15,089 

7, 102 

5,1.59 

7991 

8.59 

61},683 'I 

13,7.54 : 

4-!,878; 

936 i 

I 

280 I 

1, 9831 

94,560 

28,843 

51,980 

6,095 

1,079 

2,352 

The area given as cut over is necessarily only a small portion of that tletually 

eh::ared, ina~much as many hundred~ of square miles were elearPd long ago, are now 

under cultivation, and are here included in the open country. 

FIRES. 

The most startling feature shown by thP land-classification map of thi:-; StatP is 

the extPnt of thP lmr.ned areas, especially in the Coa:-;t Range and in the northern 

half of the Caioicades. It must he understood that the areas represented here as 

burned are only those in which the destruction of timber was nearly or quite 

complete. Areas which have been burned over with only a partial destruction of the 

timber are not here represented. It will be noted that the burns are greatest and 

most frequent in the most moist and most heavily timbered parts of the State, and 

are smaller and fewer where the rainfall' is less and where the timber is lighter. 

This is owing to the density and abundance of the undergrowth in the heavily forested 

regions, which feeds the fire and vastly increases its heat. In the comparatively 

sparsely timbered :-;outhern portions of the Coast Range and the Cascades and in 

the Blue Mountaii1s, where the fore:-;ts are largely or mainly of yellow pine in open 

growth, with very little litter or underbrush, de::-;tructive fires have been few and 

small, although throughout these regions there are few treet; wh1ch are not markPd 

hy fire, without, however, doing them any serious danutgP. 

The areas here represented as burned comprise altogeth~r not less than 6,095 

~'quare miles, or 7 per cent of the area of the State. Since these burned areas are 

almost invariably taken from the area formerly timbered, their area may be 

compared with the timbered area. Out of a total area at one time timbered, not 

iess than lt\"per cent, therefore, has been destroyed by fire. Of the amount of the 

destruction of timber by this agene.y we may make some e~timate, since 1t is roughly 

proportional to the amount of land over which the fires have run. 
12 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

The present stand of timber in the western portion of the State being approximately 154,713 million feet, and the burned area being about one-third of the 

timbered area, the destruction of tin1ber by fire in this part of the State has been 

approximately 51,000 million feet. Similarly it appears that in the eastern part of 

the State the destruction amounts to about 3,000 million feet, a total of 5±,000 

million feet in the State. This at $1 per 1,000 feet, the present average stumpage 

price, gives a total loss by fire of $54,000,000. This is a high price to pay for carelessness. The destruction has bee': even greater here than in Washington, where, a:-; 

was estimated, 40,000 million feet have been destroyed in a similar manner. 

Since this region, especially that portion of it west of the Cascades, where the 

gTeat hurns have occurred, is abundantly watered, and in all other respectR extremely 

favorable for tree growth, all of these burns are in some stage of reforesting, and in 

most of them reforesting has gone forward rapidly and very favorably. Much of 

this burned country is now covered with a dense stand of young trees. The species 

following the fires are, in nearly all eases, similar to those destroyed. Fir follows 

tir, yellow pine follows yellow pine. There is traceable, however, in the southern 

part of the State, a tendency toward an extension of the territory of the yellow and 

sugar pines, with a corresponding reduction of the fir areas. East of the crest of the 

Caseades some areas formerly oecupied by yellow pine have been restocked by lodgepole pine. As a rule, however, even east of the Cascades, the same species succeed, 

and in this region it is almost invariably yellow pine, since that is the prevailing 

tree. 

In some eases, however, and especially in the largest burns, the work of reforestation has made little progress, owing probably to the difficulty of reseeding large 

burned areas. Since over many square miles all the trees were killed, the seeds of a 

new crop have had to come from outside the region, and hence the seeding process 

has been slow. Areas are reported which were burned twenty-five to fifty years 

ago on which there is no vegetation larger than brush and ferns, trees of any species 

not yet having obtained a foothold. 

The earliest burns in the State of which we have record occurred in 1843. From 

that time down to the present fires of greater or less magnitude have occurred yearly, 

mainly in the late· summer and early fall, when everything- is driest. The greate:-;t 

tires, however, seem to have occurred prior to and during the earliest settlements, 

between 1843 and 1870.. Apparently the fires in recent years have not been as great 

or as disastrous as these earlier ones. 

It is said that the burn between the forks of Coquille River, in the southwestern 

part of the State, occurred in 1843, and that after a lapse of twenty-five years, during 

which the region had made much progress in reforesting, a second fire occurred in 

the same region, in 1868. Since this latter fire the area 'has made great progress 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 4 PL. Ill 

A . THE GREAT NESTUCCA BURN. 

B. THE GREAT YAQ UIN A BURN. 
STAND OF TIMBER. 13 

toward reforestation. In 1846 occurred two of the great burns in the Coast Range, 

the Yaquina burn and that extending along the coast from Cape Perpetua to Siuslaw 

River. The Yaquina burn extended north and south over four townships, and from 

the coast across to Willamette Valley, an area of 450,000 ac1·es. It is said to have 

been set by Hud...,on Bay trappers for the purpose of driving out game. In this purpo...,e it was certainly effective, as it is said that all the game of the region which was 

not immediately destroyed by the fire was driven to the seashore. ln this great region 

it i..., reported that there has been little regrowth, the ground heing covered with 

blackberry vines and ferns, in which still stand in many places dead and charred 

tree trunk...,. 

The other large area burned in 184t) included 207,000 acres, embracing three 

townships north and south by an equal number east and west. 

Heavy fires are reported to have occurred in 1848 and 1850, while between 1850 

and 1860, the exact date unknown, occurred the great Nestucca burn, which included 

most of townships 3, 4:, and 5 south, and extended east and west across the entire 

breadth of the Coast Range, comprising an area of nearly 500 square miles. 

The year 1868 is. known as the year in whieh the whole eoast was afire, the year 

in which the sun was darkened for weeks and the people had to burn candles in the 

daytime. In this year occurred the great burn extending from Coos Bay southward 

along the coast to Rogue River Mountains. In this year also the area between the 

forks of Coquille River was reburned. 

The great burn in the northern part of the Cascade Range, extending from the 

Willamette base line southward to township 11, appears to be a composite a:fl'air, 

composed of many di:fl'erent burns overlapping one another. The earliest and largest 

of them, however, i..., by common repute assigned a great age. Fire..., are reported in 

this region as early as 1860-61, and at various times since then. 

STAND OF TIMBER. 

The timber of Oregon is, in density and quality, elosely comparable with that of 

Washington, and over most of the area the speeies of trees are very nearly the same. 

The total stand of timber in the State i..., estimated at 213,398 million feet B. M., 

an average stand per acre of timbered land of 12,200 feet. The stand, however, as 

in ':V ashington, differs widely in difl'erent parts of the State. We...,t of the crest of 

the Ca8cades the total stand of timber is estimated at 171,780 million. Thus 80 per 

cent of the total timber of the State is found in a region which is 30 per cent of the 

total area of the State. The average stand of timber upon the timbered land of this 

region is not less than 17,700 feet per acre. 

The total stand of timber upon the area east of the Cascades is only 41,618 

million, and the average stand per acre is 4,700 feet. 
14 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

~PECIE8 Ol' '1'11\IBEU. 

Not only do thc~e t\vo section~-! of the State differ widely in the extent of their 

fore~ts, but they differ also in SlH'(·ies. 

Of the tim her of Oregon, reel fir I'Onstitutes not les.s than titi per cent, a proportion somewhat larger than in Washington. Pine, including yellow and sugar pine, 

constitutes 18 per cent, a proportion much larger than in Washington. Spruce constitute:-; 6 per cent, the i-!amc as in "V a.shington; hemlock 6 per cent and cedar only 2 

per cent, being much less than in the more northern State. 

In the western part of the State red fir forms 79 per cent of the fore.st, and the 

only other component of magnitude is the Sitka spruce, other speeies being of little 

relative importance. Yell ow pine constitutes but 2 per cent. East of th~ crPst, pn 

the other hand, yellow pine forms 80 per cent of the forest, with red fir holding 

second rank. 

Fir forms practically a pure forest on either side 9f Willamette and Rogue River 

valleys, including the eastern. slopes of the Coast Range and the lower portion of 

the west slope of the Cascade Hange. This speeies shares the western part of the 

Coast Range with the Sitka spruce and eedar, while in the higher jJarts of the Caseade Range other species of fir and cedar are found. The southern part of this region 

west of the Cascade erest eontains much yellow and sugar pine. 

Sitka spruce i::~ found in a narrow strip lmgging the Pacific coast, a region of 

continual fogs and moisture. It is here mingle(l with cedar, hemlock, and fir. 

Yell ow pine forms pure or nearly pure forest over all the timbered area east of 

the Cascade Range. It crosses the rang·e near Crater Lake, and spreads over the 

Umpqua and Rogue River valley~ and the Coast Range in a mixed fore:-;t with fir 

and sugar pine. 

Sugar pine occupies an area in the southwe:-;tern part of the Stnte on both sides 

of the Cascade Range, where it is mixed with yel1ow pine and fir. 

Two small tracts of redwood, comprising about 400 acres, are found in the southwest corner of the State, ih T. 39 S., R. 12 vV., and T. 40 S .• R. 13 W. These are 

the most northern occurrences of these :-;peeje~. 

The following tables show the total :-;tand and its elassifica-'-ion by spedes in the 

State as a whole, and the same h1 the eastern and western parts of the State: 
STAND OF TIMBER, BY COUNTIES. 15 

Composition ojjorest in Oregon. 

-----------r-~-----~-------

Species. i West of CascadeH. East of CaHcade~. Total. 

I llfillion feet Jlillionject 

I B. Jf. Per1·cnt. B. 11!. 

136,543 

3,886 

Red fir .................. _ . _. _____ ...... 1 

Y Pllow pine ............ _ _ _ _ _ .. _ . ______ 1 

Sitka spruce ......... __ ._ .... _. ___ ..... · 8,915 

Red eedar ............ ___ .... _ ..... _ . . . . 4, 547 

Hemloek ... _. _ ..... _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 887 

White cedar ... _ .... ____ . ____ . ___ . _ _ _ . _ 2, 652 i 

Noble fir. ... _._ ..... _.................. 2, 3551 

Sugar pine ........ _ ... _ ... __ . __________ . 1, 648 , 

'Vhite fir ......... _ ..... _ .. _ .. __ . _ .... _. 7231

1 

Tan1arack ....... ____ .. ___________ ... _ . _ . _________ , 

White pine_ ... _ .. _ ......... _________ . _ . 287 

79 4, 762 

2 33,254 

.5 .................... 

-3 --.-------

5 1,082 

2 ---------

1 

1 

454 

3-H 

704 

704 

17.5 

Per cent. 

11 

80 

., 

i) 

1 

1 

2 

lllillion feet B. 1lf. 

141-,305 

37,140 

8,915 

4,.547 

9,969 

2,652 

2,809 

1,989 

1,427 

704 

462 

2 Incense cedar ........ _ ... ____ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ 208,. 1 

53 261 

Per eeut. 

66 

17 

5 

2 

5 

1 

1 

2 

Engelmann spruce ... __ .... _. ______ ..... 29 'I 89 . . . . . . . 118 ! 

Lovely fir .. _____ . _____ .... _____________ 1, 100 ... __ . ___ .

1 

.. _..... 1, 100 I 

Tota~---~-- _____________ -~~~~-~n~780 ____ ~~- __ l __ 41, -~~ ~~ ____ -___ . 213, ~8 [~~-~~~ 

CLASSIFICATION OF :J_jANDS AND STAND O:E' TIMBER, BY COUNTIES. 

The following table summarizes the total stand of. timber and the average stand 

per acre of timbered land in each county. 

Total .~tand of timber and .sfct11d per acre in Uregon, U!f counties. 

-~----~~u~:-. --------··· ~-~ 

Stand. Average stand 

per acre. 

JfillioufeetB.Jlf. Feet B. JI. 

Baker ............ __ ..... ___ . _ .. __ ~ _ . _______ . ______ . ___________ . _____ . . 3, 084 8, 100 

Benton _. __ ....... ______________________________________ . ____ .. _ .. ____ _ 

Clackan1as .... ___ . ____ . ______ . _______________________ ...... ____ . _ . _ .. __ 

Clatsop ..... __ ..... _ . _. _____________ . ______ . _________________ .. _______ _ 

Colu1nbia _. __ ....... _. __ . _____ .. ___ . _ . ___________________ . ___________ . 

Coos------------------------------------------------ .... ____________ _ 

Crook _ .. _ .. __ .. _ ... ____________________________ . _________ . __________ _ 

~:~;a~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i 

(_:rrant ------------- ________ ------------ _______________________________ _ 

Harney .. _ ..... _ .............. ___ . _ .... _ ............................. . 

.r ackson __ .. _ . ___ . _____ .. _ ...... ____________ .. ___ ........ ____ . __ . _ . _ .. _ 

Josephine _ .... _'_ . ____ ........ _ . ____ .. __ . ____ . _ . __ . __ . ___ ..... _ ... _ .... i 

Klamath . __ . _________ ... __ . __ . ____________________________________ . __ . -i 

Lake .. _ ......... ___ . _ .. _ .. _ . __ . ___ .. ______ . _ . __ . __ . __ . ______ .... _____ .l 

1,839 

8,516 

16, 736 

9,841 

13,557 

7, 577 

5,466 

21,156 

2,370 

336 

10,327 

3,616 

11,822 

3, 106 

12,600 

25,200 

37,400 

31,200 

24,500 

4,800 

11,000 

13,200 

2,800 

1,300 

10,000 

6,000 

5,500 

3,000 
16 THE FORESTS 01!' OREGON. 

Total stand of timber and stand per acre ·in Oregon, by cmmties-Continued. 

County. Stand. Average stand 

per acre. 

___ i _____ l---- ------------------------------------ I 

jMillion.fcd R.11I. 

Lane _ ................................. _ ............................... 1 34, 006 

Fcl't B. JJf. 

17,900 I Lineoln ........•......... ,_ ............................................ ; 

~;~~~;~; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : . . r 

~~ ::~::~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I 

Multno1nah ............................ __ ............................. . 

I>olk ................ ___ .......... __ .. _ .................. _ ............ . 

Tillatnook .............. _ ............................................ . 

lr tuatilla ............................................................. . 

lT nion ............................................................... . 

\V allow a ............................ _ ... _ ............................ . 

'\V aseo ................................ _ ..................... -........ . 

\Vashington ....... _ ..................... _ ....... _ ..................... . 

Wheeler ................ _. ______ .. _ . ___ .. __ . ____ . ________ ............ . 

Y an1hill ......... _____ ..... __ . ____ . __________________________________ _ 

6,881 

9,438 

180 

8,351 

147 

1,915 

4,454 

16,861 

257 1 

3,273 

3,304 

5,988 

2,628 

359 

1,062 

30,300 

12,800 

2, 100 

11, HOO 

1,435 

29,300 

22,900 

3fl,500 

4,800 

3,800 

4, 700 

17,600 

16,200 

800 

16,400 

The heaviest average stand per county is in Tillamook, on the coast. Other coast 

counties show very heavy stands, particularly Clatsop ancl Lincoln. Generally speaking·, the counties in the Coast Range have the heaviest stands in the State, with those 

on the west slope of the Cascade Range as second to them in stand. Compared with 

those farther south, the counties bordering on Columbia River have the heavier stands, 

as in Columbia and Multuomah. 

BAKEH COUNTY. 

This county lies in the eastern part of the State. Most of its area is emuprised in the valley of Powder River and the Snake, and is composed of level 

country and low hills. The western part forms the eastern slope of the Blue 

Mountains, which rise to altitudes of £1,000 feet. The slopes of this range contain 

some merchantable timber, in which considerable eutting has been done for the 

supply of mines and the building of Baker City, the county seat. 

Square miles. 

Total area ............. _ ..... _._ ........ ___ . ____ .......................... 2, 275 

Merchantable-timber area ....... _ ............... __ ........................ 595 

Woodland _ ................... __ . ______ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 

Cut land~ . _ ........ _ ..... _ ................. _. __ . _........................ 120 

Open country ................... -.- .......................... _ ............. 1, 400 

Barren ..... ___ . _ . ______ ...... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO, 4 PL. IV 

R- . FIR, SHOWING RESULT OF FOREST FIRE. 
BENTON AND CLACKAMAS COUNTIES. 17 

Amount and classification of timber ht Baker Cmtmty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Yell ow pine . _______________ . ___________ . _ _' _______ . _____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 960 

Ta1narae k ____ . ____ . ________ .. _____________ ·- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 

Red fir_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 

Total. __ .. __ .. ___________ . __ . _ . ________________ . ______ . __ . _ .. ___ . . . . 3, 084 

Average stand of timber per aere of tim be red land, H, 100 feet B. M. 

BI<JNTO~ COUNTY'. 

This eonnty lies in the western part of the State, being eornprised in part in the 

valley of W illamette River and in part in the Coast Range, of which it occupies a 

portion of the eastern slope. The eastern, valley part of the county is maiply open 

and occupied by farms, with timber in small patches scattered over it. The western, 

hill portion is in part covered with merchantable timber. Another portion of what 

was formerly eovered with merchantable timber has been cut, and a third part has 

been burned, being included within the great Y aquina burn. 

Classification of land.~ in Be1dun County. 

Square mile~. 

Total area ... ___ . ___ . ___ . ______________ . ______ .. __ ... _ .... _ . _ . ______ . __ . _ _ _ _ 677 

1\lerehantable-timber area _. _ .. __ . _. _ ... _ ... _. _. ___________ .. _____ . ______ . __ . _ 228 

Cut area ... ·- .. ____ .. ___ .. _. __ .. ___ .. _ .. _____ ..... ___ ..... _ ... _. __ . ____ .. _... llH 

Burned area _____ . ________________ .. __ .. ___ . ______ .. _ . _ ......... _ . _ .. _ . __ ... 88 

Open country ... _ . ___________ ..... _ . ___ ... ______ . ___ . __ . __ ..... _ .. __ . ____ .. _ 242 

.Amowd wtd dassiji.catiou (~f' timber ht Benton County. 

.Million feet B. 1\L 

Red fir . ___ .. ___ .. __ . _ .. __ . __ . __ .... _. __ .. __ ............ __ ...... _ . _ ... __ .. 1, 728 

Sprnee _ . __ . _ . _ .. ______ ....... : ____ ...... _ ...... ___ .... _ . _ ... _ . ___ .... ___ . . 7 4 

Cedar ____ . _ . __ . ____ ... __ .. _ . _ ................ _ .... _ ........ __ ......... __ . . 37 

Total· .. _ ... _____ ._~. ___ ............ __ .... _ .... __ . ___ ................ 1, 839 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 12,600 feet B. M. 

CLACKAMAS COUNTY. 

This county is in the northwestern part o£ the State, the western portion 

extending down to the middle o£ the Willamette Valley, while its bound~ry on the 

east is the crest of the Cascade Range. The western, valley portion is open and is 

largely occupied by £arms, with which are interspersed groves and patches of woodland. Much the larger part of the county, however, lies on the west slopes of 

the Cascade Range, and contains considerable areas of merchantable timber, together 

with several large burned areas; indeed, the burned areas comprise nearly one-half 

of the area of the county. 

9474-No. 4-02-2 
18 THE ~'ORESTS OF OREGON. 

Cla3sijication of lands in Clackamas Cmtnty. 

Square miles. 

Total area ............................................ _________ .. ____ ..... 1, 861 

Merchantable-timber area . __ . __ ........................................... 528 

Cut area._ .. _. __ .. _._. ________ . __ ... _ ... _____ ......... _ .......... _._...... B8 

Burned area .. __ .. ___ . ______ .. _ .. __ .. ___ ........ _ ....... __ ........... _ . . . . 886 

Open country ... __ ._. __ . ___________ ..... __ .. __ .... _ ........... _ .. _ ...... _. 401 

Barren _ ... ___ . ___ . _ .. _ ..... ___ . __ ...... _____ . __ ........ _ ......... ____ .. _ . 8 

Amount and ehu~sijication of timber in Clackauws Connty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir . _ .... _ ... ___ . ____ ......... _ . __ .. _ ..... _ ... _ ... _ . _ ............. _ . _ . 7, 986 

Noble fir . ___ .... _. _ .. _ .. ___ . _____ ... _ ....... _ ... __ ..... _. _. _. _ ....... _ _ _ _ 265 

Red cedar ....... __ ._. __ ."_._ ... __ .. _ .. _ ................ _ ..... _ .... _______ 177 

White pine _ .. _ .. _ ..... ____ ... __ ............. _ ...... _ .... __ . _ . ___ . _ . ___ .. _ 88 

Total _______ .. _ .. _______ . ___ ...... ____ .. _ ... _. ___ .... _ ... ____ ._._. __ 8, 516 

Average stand of timber per aere of timbered land, 25,200 feet B. M. 

CLATSOP COUNTY. 

This is the most northwestern county of the State, bordering on Columbia River 

at its mouth and the Pacific Ocean. Its area is comprised entirely in the Coast 

Range. The forests are extremely dense and heavy, and, compared with the area 

of the county, but little cutting has been done, and the burned areas, although 

numerous, are small and collectively amount to less than 5 per cent of the area of 

the county. 

Cl:a3sijication of lands in Clatsop (iounty. 

~quare miles. 

Total area .... ____ ... _ .. _ .. _____ . _ ... ___ . _____ . ____ ..... __ .. ____ . _ ... _ . . . . . . 820 

Merchantable-timber area .... __ .. _ .......... _ .. _ .. _ ....... ____ .... ___ . . . . . . . 698 

Cut area ... _. __ ...... _ ............ _ ....... __ ....... _ .......... _ ......... _ _ _ _ _ :32 

Burned area .......... __ . _ . ___ . ___ .. _ . __ .. _ ....... _ ........ _____ .... _ . ____ . . 40 

Open country. ______ . _ ... _ ........... _ . __ .. __ ........ _____ ...... _ .. _ . _ .. _ _ _ _ 2 

Barren ____ . __ .. __ . _ ..... _ . _ . ___ . _ .. _______ .. _ ...... ______ ....... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 

Amount and classification of timber in Clatsop Cou.n.ty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir .. ____ .. __ ...... _ ............... _ ..... ____ . __ . __ ...... _ ....... _ _ _ _ 10, 54:~ 

Spruce .. ____ ............. _ ... ____ .. _ .. _ ........ _ . __ .... _ .... _ ....... _ _ _ _ 3, 6~:3 

Hernloek ....... _______ . __ ... _ .. ___ ..... __ .... _ ... __ .... _ ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 506 

Cedar ... ----. __ .. _ .. - ___ .... _ .. __ ... _ .. _ .. _. ____ ... _ .. ___ . ___ . ____ .. _. _. 1, 004 

Total . ____ . _____ .. ____ ... _ ....... __ . __ . _____ . _. _ . _________ . _____ . _ _ 16, 736 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 37,400 feet B. M. 
COLUMBIA AND COOS COUNTIES. 19 

COLUMBIA COUNTY. 

This county lies east of ClatRop, bordering on Columbia River on the north and 

east. It is a hilly county, comprising a portion of the Coast Range, and is largely 

eoverecl with merchantable timber. Numerous small areas have been burned, 

amounting eollectively to a little more than 10 per cent of its area, and some cutting 

has been done. 

Cla.gsUicatiun r!f lunds in Colwnbia Connty. 

Square miles. 

Total area .... ______ ............ _ ........ _ .................................. 677 

::\1erchantable-timber area ........ __ .. __ .. _ .......................... ____ .. _" 493 

Cut area .................... ___ . ______ .... _ ... _. _____ .. _ .. _________ . _ ... _ _ _ 56 

Burned area ............. _ .. ________________ . _____ . ______ ... ____ .. ___ ... _._. 80 

Barren ... _. ___ . _____ . __ .. 1• ___ ••••• _________________ • _______ • __ ••• _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 I 

Amuwd an1 clu.~.~iticution of timbi'J' in Colwnbia County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir .. _ .... _ .... _ .. _ .. _ . . . . . . ........................... _ ... ____ ... _ . . 8, 561 

Cedar . _ . _ . _ ........ ~ .... _ .. _ .... __ . _____ ...... __ ...... _ ....... _ . ____ ... _ . . 1, 083 

Hemlock._ ..... _ ... _ .... _ ...... ___ .. _____ . __ .. _ ..... __ . ______ .. ___ ._._... 197 

Total. ______________ .. __ . _______ . __________ ... _._. ________________ .. 9, 841 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 31,200 feet B. M. 

COOS COUNTY. 

This county borders on the Pacific Ocean, in the southwestern part of the State, 

and includes upon the east a· considerable part of the Coast Range. Much o:f the 

western portion of the county is low and marshy, and contains many small open 

areas. Burns have in time past been frequent, and have destroyed the timber upon 

more than one-fourth of the area of the county. Most of them are of great age, 

having oecurred more that fifty years ago, and the tracts are now in great part 

restocked with young tin1ber. Some cutting has been done, especially in the 

neighborhood of Coos Bay. 

ClassUication of lands ·in Coos Co·unty. 

Square miles. 

Total area .. _ . _ ..... _ ... _ .. _ ... _ ... ___ .......... __ .... _ .... _ . _ ... __ ... _ . _ . 1, 578 

Merchantable-timber area _ ... _ .. __ . ___ ......... __ ...... _ .. _. __ .. _. _. __ . _. _ 866 

Burned area ...... _ ... ___ . __ ..... __ . ____________________ . _ . ___ . __ . __ . ___ . . 424 

Open country_ .. _. __ .. ____ .. __ ..... __ .. __ ..... ____ . __ . _. _ ..... ____ .... __ . _ 248 

Barren ..... _ . __ .......... _______ . ___ . __ . _____ . _________________________ . . 40 

.Amount and clrtSsUfcation of timber in Coos County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir . _ ..... __ ......................................... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 168 

\Vhite cedar .. __ .............. ____ . _ .............. __ ....... _ ...... _ .. _ . _ . 2, 033 

Spruce .......... _ ................. ___ ......... _. _. _ ....... __ . _ ... _ ... _ _ _ 1, 356 

TotaL .... - .. _- ...... _. _ ... _ ... _ .. ____ . __ . _ .. _. ____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 557 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 24,500 feet B. M. 
~0 THE FORESTS 0~' OREGON. 

CROOK COUNTY. 

ThiH large county lies in the central part of the State, its western portion 

extending to the cre:-:;t of the Cascade Range, whenee it stretches far out into the 

plateau to the east. It eontains a large body of timber and woodland upon the east 

slope of the r~nge, and thi:-:; body of timber stretehes out onto the plateau far to the 

east of the mountains. Besides this main body of timber there are several other:-:; in 

the eastern part of the county. The timber con:-:;i:-;ts almost exclusively of yellow. 

pine. 

Clas.'Sijication of land,<; in Crook County. 

Square miles. 

Total are:-. ................................ _ . _ ............... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 756 

Merchantable-timber area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 466 "r oodland ....................... _ ............................... _ . . . . . . . . 799 

Burned area ....... _ ............ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 

Open country ........ _.................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 020 

Barren ........ _._ ........ · ........... _ .................... _................ 255 

Amount and clas.'Sijication of timber in Crook County. 

Million feet B. Jill. 

Yellow pine _. _ .................................................. _ ....... _. 7, 483 

Red fir ............................. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 

Total ............ :._ ....... _ ......... _ ...... _ ........ __ ............. 7, 577 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land 4,800 feet B. M. 

CURRY COUNTY. 

Thi:-:; is the most southwe:-:;tern eounty of the State, bordering upon the Pacific 

Ocean and the California line. Near the coast i:-; a strip of open country, and in the 

eastern part of the county the timber becomes somewhat scattering, especially upon 

the south slopes of the mountains. There has been no cutting of any consequence 

in the county, but the northern part has been badly burned. 

In the southwestern part of the county, in T. 39 S., R. 12 W., and T. 40 S., R. 

13 W., there are small tracts, aggregating about .J.OO acres,. of redwood, the sole 

repre:-:;entatives of this species in the State, and the most northern extension of the 

species. 

Classification of lands in (}urry County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ........................ _ ............ _.......................... 1, 454 

Merchantable-timber area ................ 7 ••••••••••••••• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 782 

Burned area.............................................................. 272 

Open country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 

Barren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 
U. $ . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 4 Pl. V 

SUGAR PINE, SHOWING RESULT OF FOREST FIRE. 
DOUG-LAS AND GII .. LIAM COUNTIES. 21 

Amount and da.~s{fication r!f timber In Cnrry County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir _______________________ .. ____________________________ , __ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4, 810 

White cedar_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 7 

Sugar pine. _____________________________________________________ ._________ 109 

Total .. ___ . _______________________________________ ....... _ .. __ .. _ _ _ _ 5, 466 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 11,000 feet B. M. 

DOUGLAS COUNTY. 

This large county stretches northwestward from the crest of the Cascades to 

the coast, including the valley of Umpqua River. It i8 heavily timbered in the 

east and west-that is, in the Cascade and Coast ranges-while the central portion is 

largely eomposed of open cm~ntry, dotted with farms alternating with patches of 

timber. The eastern portion of the county, in the Cascade Range, contains several 

hurns, but none of great magnitude; the western portion, near the Pacific coast, was 

in large part burned many years ago and is now covered with a young growth of 

timber. 

Ola.~.~ification of land.~ in DouglaR Cmmty. 

Square miles. 

Total area _. ________ . _ .. _ .. _ .. _________ . ___ . __ . _____ .. ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 4, 861 

Merchantable-timber area ____ . __ ... _ ... _._ .... __ .... _ .. ___ .. ____ ........ . 

Woodland_ . ___ . ___ . ___ .. _ ............................................. -. 

Burned area _________ : . . ______ ......... _ .. _ .... ___ . _ ....... _- - ~ ____ . - _ -.. 

Cut area. ___ ._ ...... ____ ....... _ ... _ .. : ____ . __ . __ . __ . ______________ . ____ _ 

Open country __ ._. _______ ._ ... _________________ . ____ . ___________________ _ 

Barren ...... ___ ................ _ - _ - - _ . - . - -... , ... - - . -- - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - ---

Anww1t and claRRtticatimt of timber in Dongla.s County. 

2,513 

341 

531 

20 

1,428 

28 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir __ .. _ . __ . . _____ ..... ____ . _____________ . _ ... __ . _ ............. _ ... _ . 17, 485 

Hen1lock ... ___ . ___ . _ ...... _ ... _ .... __ . __ . __ .. ___ ..... __ .. __ ........... __ 

Sugar pine._ .. ____ ._ ....... ___ ............. ___ ......... ___ . __ ......... _. __ 

Yellow pine __ .. _________ . ___ ... __ .. _ .. _____ . ~ _._ ...... _______ ...... _____ _ 

Red cedar ..... _ ... _ .. __ ........... -. ---L - -....... - - - - - -- -- - - - - - . - . - - - --·_ 

3,014 

263 

263 

131 

Total. ___________ . _____ . ____ .. __ . ________________ .. _ .... _____ . ___ .. 21, 156 

Average stand of timbN p3r acre of timbered lantl, 13,200 feet B. M. 

GILLIAM COUNTY. 

This is one of the northern counties of the State, east of the Cascade Range, bordering on the north on Columbia River. The county has an area of 1,123 square 

miles. It contains no timber whatever. 
22 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

GH.ANT COUNTY. 

This county lies toward the eastern part of the State, adjoining Baker County on 

the east. It includes the western slopes of the Blue Mountains, with the long spurs 

running westward from them, and contains considerable timbered and wooded land, 

in very irregular form. 

(}la88{ficaf'ion of lands ·in Cirant County. 

Square mileR. 

Total area ......................... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +, 560 

Merchantable-timber area ...... ____ . _ ..................................... 1,:308 

Woodland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 +9 

Open country ............................................................. 2, 4:19 

Barren ..................... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 

Total stand of timber in this county is 2,370 million feet, all of which is yellow pine. 

Average stand per acre of timbered land, 2,800 feet B. M. 

HARNEY COUNTY. 

. This large eounty lies toward the southeastern part of the State. Its surfaee is 

mainly level or undulating, but is intersected by several ranges of mountains and 

hills, such as Steins }\fountain, in the southwestern part. The only timber contained 

in the county is toward its northern edge, where a range of hills· bears scattering 

pines. ('las.~~fication r~( lands -in HarnPy County. 

Square mile>~. 

Total area ................................................................ 9, !:186 

Merchantable-timber area .. _.............................................. 400 

Open country ..................... _ ....................................... !1, 586 

Total stand in this county is 336 million feet B. M., all of whic.h is yellow pine. 

Average stand per acre of timbered land, 1,300 feet B. lVI. 

,JACKSON COUNTY. 

Thi:-; eounty it-1 situated in the southwestern part of the State, -bordering the 

California line on the south, and extending on the east to the erest of the Cascade 

Range. The western part of the county ii-I largely open country, dotted with farms 

and with patches of timber, while the eastern part, in the Cascade Range, and the 

southern part, in the Siskiyou .lYiountains, are timbered, but not heavily, with a 

mixed growth of yellow and sugar pines, red :fir, and other species. There are many 

burned areas in the western part of the county, but they do not cover a great area, 

hut little more than 5 per cent of the area of the county having been included in 

destructive fires. 
,JACKSON AND JOSEPHINE COUNTIES. 

Classijicat·ion of lands in Jackson County. 

Square miles. 

Total area __________________________________________________ ..... _ . _ . . . . . 2, 721 

Merchantable-timber area __ . _ .. _ .. ___ . _________________ . _ .. __ .. _______ . __ 

Burned area __________ . ______________________ .. _ - _ - - - - - _ -.. - - - - - - - -.. - -- -

Open country ______ .. ______________ . ____________________ . . . ____ . ________ _ 

.Barren __________________________________________ . _____ . ___ .... __ . _ ... _ .. 

A mount und r·las.~{ticat ion r~( timher in Jackson County. 

1,682 

146 

874 

19 

Million feet B. M. Yell ow pine _________________________________________ . ____ . _ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 375 

Sugar pirw. _______________________________________ .. _. ____ . ______ .....•. _ 516 

White pine ____ . ____ . _ . _ .... ___ .. _. _____ ...... _ . ____ . ____ . _. _____ .. _____ . 116 

Red fir _____________ . __ . ______ .... _ .. _ . __ . _ ..... ________ . _______________ . 5, 679 

White fir ________________ . __ .. _ .... ______ .. _ .. _. ___ . ___ . _. ___________ . _.. 7~3 

Noble fir __________ . ___ .. __ .. __ . ___ . __ .. _____ .. ___ . ___ . __ . ______ ... _ .. _ _ _ 619 

Incense cedar ____ . ____________ . _______________________ . ____ . _ . _ 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 

He1nlock .. _ .. _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 

Engelmann spruce ____________________ . _ . _________ .. ______ . _____________ . 29 

Total. ___________________ . ___________ . ____________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10, 327 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 10,000 feet B. 1\f. 

JOSEPHINE COUNTY. 

23 

This county lies west of Jackson and extends on the south to the California line. . . Most of the area of the county is included in the Coast Range, and bears a scattered 

light growth of timber composed mainly of fir and yellow and sugar pine. A 

considerable part of this county has been cut over. 

Classijicat1~on of lands ·1:n Josephine C'mtnty. 

Square miles. 

Total area _. _____ . _. ______________________ . _________ . ______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 684 

Merchantable-timber area . ___________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 930 

Out area ____________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 

Open country ___________ . __________________________________ .______________ 554 

Anwnnt aurl clu.s.sUimt-ion of timbet· in Josephine County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir _____ .. __ . _ . _ . __ . _ . _____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 591 

Yellow pine . ____ . _ . _ . __ . _ . ___ . _____ . _________ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 012 

Sugar pine. _____ . ________________ . ___ . _______________________________ . _ _ _ _ 760 

Incense cedar._. ____ . ______ . ___ .. _____________ . _______ . _______________ . _ _ _ 145 

White cetlar . ___ .. ___ . _______ .. _____________________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ 72 

Noble fir _______ . ___ . _____________________ . ________ ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 

Total.______ _ __ . ___________________ . __________________________ . _ _ _ _ 3, 616 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 6,000 feet B. M. 
24 THE FOREST8 OF OREGON. 

KLAMATH COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southern part of the State, bordering on the south 

upon California, its eastern boundary being the d:vide of the Cascade. Range. 

The western part of the county is mountainom;, while the central and eastern 

parts are plains and valleys~ intersected by narrow mountain ranges or occupied 

by lakes. Much more than two-thirds of the area of this county is wooded, and 

more than one-half is covered. with merchantq,ble forests. The forests cover the 

eastern slope of the range, while in the rest of the county open and timbered 

tracts alternate irregularly. 

C'lassUication of land.s in Klamath Countp. Square miles. 

Total area_ ........... _ ........ _......................................... .5, R.54 

Merchantable-timber area................................................ 3, 329 

vV oodland .................... _ ............. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 

Burned area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 

Open country_....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, .503 

Barren .............................. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Amount and cla.s.<Jijication of timber in Klamath County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Y ello\v pine .. __ ................ _ ........... ·- .................... _ . . . . . . . 8, .532 

Sugar pine ................. _ ............ _ .. _ . ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 

'Vhite pine ........ _ ....... ____ .. _ ..... __ .... _ ... _ ................ _...... 85. 

Red fir ................ _ .................. __ ................. __ . . . . . . . . . . 1, 024 

vVhite fir ... _ ........ _._ ... _ ... _._ ....... _ ........................ _. __ ... 569 

Noble fir ................ _. _ ..... _ ..... _. _ ............... _............... 228 

Incense cedar ................... _ .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Hen1lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 

Engelmann spruce ........ _ . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 

Total ............. _______ ._ ................................•....... 11, 822 

Average stand of timber per acre of tim be red land, 5,.500 feet B. l\1. 

LAKE COUNTY. 

This county lies east of Klamath~ bordering on California and Nevada on the 

south. The only timber~ in the county is found in its western portion, where it joins 

the great bodies which streteh over from Klamath County. Its surface is mainly 

a plateau, intersected hy several narrow mountain ranges, and. in the northern 

part by a great flow of lava, which has all the aspects of a desert. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 4 PL. VI 

SUGAR PINE 10 FEET IN DIAMETER. 
LANE AND LINCOLN COUNTIES. 

Class{fication of lmul.q in Lake County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ..... ~ ...... _ ..... _ ... _ ........ ____ .... _....................... 7, 834 

Merchantable-timber area.:. ................ _ ..... __ ...................... 1, 624 

\Voodland. __ . ____________ -_ .. ___ . ____________ .. __ ............ ____ ........ 120 

Open country ....••••••.... __ ... ______ . ____ ... _._ ............. _ .. _....... 4, 956 

Barren .... ~ •• ___ ..• _ ••..... _____ . __ . ___ .............•.••................ 1, 134 

Total stand of timber is 3,106 million feet B. M., all of which is yellow pine. 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 3,000 feet B. M. 

LANE COUNTY. 

25 

This county stretches from the crest of the Cascade Range westward to the 

coast, in it8 central portion intersecting the open valley of Willamette River. This 

valley is largely occupied by farms, alternating with patches of timber. The eastern 

and western portions of the county are heavily forested, and especially the portion 

within the Cascade Range, where, although there are several burns of magnitude, 

there is a vast extent of heavy forest. In the Coast Range, the portion bordering 

upon the coast, with a breadth equivalent to three townships eastward, is included in 

one of the great coast burns. 

Class~fication of lands in L<tne County. 

Square miles. 

Total area . __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 380 . 

Merchantable-timber area ..................... _ ... _...................... 2; 956 

Cut area .................. _ ......... ____ ... _. _ ......... __ . _ ...... _. _ ... _. 33 

Burned area ................... _._ ... ___ ._. __ ....... _ ... _ ............. _... 801 

Open eountry. _ ............ _ ............ __ .. _ ................. _ . . . . . . . . . . 531 

Barren ........ _ ................. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 59 

Amount and clasE{fication of timber in LanP County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir .......................... _ .. _ ... __ ............. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 827 

Red e.edar ...... _ ..... ~ _ ............. _ ...................... __ . _ . . . . . . . . . 4 71 

Yellow pine _ .. _ ........... _ .................... ___ ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 

Noble fir ..... _ ... _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 

Hetnlock ................. __ ........... _..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 736 

I~ovely fir ........... __ ... _ ........... _ .... _ ~ ..... _...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 100 

Total .............. _ ........ __ ...... __ .................. _ .... ~. . . . . 34, 006 

Average stand of tim her per acre of tim be red land: 17,900 feet B. M. 

LINCOLN COUNTY. 

This county lies along the Pacific coast, toward the northern part of the State, 

stretching from the coast back into the Coast Range. Upon three-fifths of its 

area the timber has been destroyed by fire, mainly by the great Yaquina burn, most 

of the area of which is included within this county. 
26 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

C'lass{fication of lands in L·incoln County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _____ . _____________________________________ -. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 008 

Merchantable-timber area ____________________ . _. ___ . ___ . __________ . _. ____ . 31)4 

Burned area ______ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .598 

Open country _____________ . ____________________________ . _____________ .. __ . 17 

Barren __ .... _____ .. _ .. _ . ____ . _______ . ______________________________ . ___ . _ 89 

Amount and clas.~~fication of tirnher iu Lincoln County. 

Million fed B. l\1. 

Tted fir_ .......... _______________________________ ...... ______ . _____ .. __ . __ 4, 679 

Spruce ____ ..... _. _. ___ . ___________ . _. ___ . _______ .... ____________________ . 1, 927 

Cedar _ ...... - -...... _ . __________ .. ________ ........... _ ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 5 

Total . _ .... _____________ . _ . _____________________________ .. ___ . _ _ _ _ _ 6, 881 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 30,300 feet B. M. 

LINN COUNTY. 

This county stretches from the summit of the Cascade Rang-e westward to 

Willamette River, the western part of it being included within the valley of that 

stream, and consisting of open farming country alternating with patehes of timber. 

The eastern portion, comprising about two-thirds of the county, lies in the Cascade 

Range and is in the main heavily timbered, although several large burn~ have 

reclneed the timbert>cl area. 

Clasfl{{ication of land.~ ·in Dnn Cmmty. 

Rquare mile,;. 

Total area - -. _ ......... _____ . ___ . __________________ . _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 311 

Merchantable-timber area ______ . ________ . ___________________________ . ___ .. 1, 19:~ 

Burned area._ ............ ___ ....... _._ ..... _._._ .... __ .. _ ..... __ ._....... 345 

Open country ___ ........ _ ... _ .... ___ .. _. __ ...... ___ ... __ ... _____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 767 

Barren _ ... _ .. ______ . _ ... __ . __ .. __ .... _ ... _____ .. __ . __ . ____ .. __ . _ . _______ . 6 

Amount and dass{fication of timher in Linn Cmmty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir .. _-. __ .... _ ... _. __ . _. _ ... __ . _. _ ...... ____ . ____ . _ .. _ ... _. _. ________ 8, 843 

Noble fir ........ ____ .... _ .. ______ . _____ ' _ . _____________________________ . _ _ 393 

Red eedar ________________________________ . ___ . __________ . __________ . _ _ _ _ _ 1 97 

Total .. ____________________________ . ____________________ . ___________ 9, 433 

Average stan(l of tirnher per aere of timbered land, 12,300 feet B. M. 

MALHEUR COUNTY. 

This eounty is in the southeast corner of the State. It is comprised entirely in 

a semidesert plateau region, and presents, in the main, a level surface, traversed 

here and there by narrow ranges. The only timber in the county is in its 

northwest corner, where a little stretches over from the Blue Mountains. 
MARION AND MORROW COUNTIES. 

Class~fication of lands in Malheur ('onnty. 

Square miles. 

Total area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ . ______________________________________ 9, 784 

Merchantable-timber area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 

Open country________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9, 688 

Total stand of timber is 130 million feet B. M., all of which is yellow pine. 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 2,100feet B. M. 

MARION COUNTY. 

27 

This county is situated toward the northwestern part of the State, and stretches 

frmn the crest of the Cascade Range westward to Willamette River. That portion 

of it lying within the valley of the Willamette is largely occupied by farms, and 

consists of open country alternating with patches of timbm:. The mountai.nous 

, portion of the eounty has been badly burned, but still contains a considerable area 

of merchantable timber. 

Class(fication of lands in .Jfarion County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 170 

Merchantable-timber area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -1-39 

Burned area __________________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 

Open country_____________________________________________________________ 491 

Barren _________________________________________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 

. Amount uwl class(ticaticm nf timber in 1lfarion Co11nt!f. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 102 

Noble fir _________________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

\Vhite pine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

Red f'.eflar _ _ _ _ _ _____________________________________ . ________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

Total. _______________ . ______________________________________________ 3, 351 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 11,900 feet B. M. 

MORROW COUNTY. 

Thi:-; is one of the northern counties of the State, bordering on the north on 

Columbia River. Its surface i~-1 mainly level or undulating, rising in the south into 

hills whieh may be regarded as westward spurs from the Blue Mountains. The only 

timber in the county is in these hills, in the southern part, and consists almost 

Pntirel~T of yellow pine in scattering stands. 

Clas8ification 1d lands in ~farrow Omnty. 

Square miles. 

Total area ____________________________________________ .... ________ • ____ . _ _ 2, 021 

Merchantable-timber area __________________________________ .. _____ . ___ . __ . 160 

'V oodland _______________ . __________ .. __ . __ . ____ . __________ ...... _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 

Open country~ ___ ... _____ .. ________________ . ______ .. __ . _. ___ . ___ . _____ • _ _ _ 1, 763 

Total stand of timber is 147 million feet B. M., all of which is yellow pine. 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 1,435 feet B. l\1. 
28 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

MULTNOMAH COUNTY. 

This county lies in the western part of the State, west of the Cascade Rang~, and 

borders on Columbia River. Eastward it stretches far up the slopes of the range, 

but does not reach its summit. The timber has been cut from nearly one-half of 

thi~ county, and the timbered area still remaining is nearly one-fourth of its total 

area. Clas1-1~ti('((fion of lands in ~lfyltnomah County. 

SquiuP mileR. 

Total area .. _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 

Merchantable-tim her area ...... ____ . ___ ................... _............... 102 

\V oodland ................. _________ .... _ ............................. _ . . . 18 

Cut area ....................... ____ . _ ....... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 

Burned area ...................... __ .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

Open country ............ _. __ .. _. ______ .......... _........................ 25 

Barren ... _ ................... _______ .. _ .............. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 

Amow1t and classification of timber 'in .1lfnltnomah County. 

Million feet B. :M:. 

Red fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 686 

Noble fir _ ................ _ .... ___ . _____ ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 

He1nlock .......... _ ........ __ . __ . _....................................... 58 

Re' l eed ar ........................... ~ ... • .. .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Total.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 915 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 29,300 i'eet B. 1\:L 

POLK COUNTY. 

This county lies in the western part of the State, bordermg on the east on 

\Villamette "River, and stretching westward into the Coast Range. The eastern-half 

of the county lies in an open valley, and is largely occupied by farms, alternating 

with patehes of timber, while the western half is quite heavily forested. 

Cla.~sijiration of land,~ ·in Polk County. 

Square miles. 

Total area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 

Merchantable-timber area ............. _ ...... _ .. _......................... 304 

Cut area .................... _ ... ________ ........................ __ ........ 3 

Burned area ........... __ .. ____ . _ ... ___ .. _ ... c • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 

Open country._._ ............. __ c _____ •• _ ••••••••• _. ~ _ ••••• _ ••••• _........ 384 

Amon!it and rlass~tication of timlm· in Polk County. 

:Million feet B. l\L 

Red fir ............... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 276 

Red cedar .................... _ .. _ .................. __ .................... 178 

'fotal ............ ~ .. ___ . ~ .. ____ .. _ ................... _ . _ ....... _ . _ . . 4, 454 

A\·erage stawl of timber per acre of timbered land, 22,900 feet B. M. 

,· 
SHERMAN, TILLAMOOK, AND UMATILLA COUNTIES. 

SHERMAN UOUNTY. 

This is one of the northern eounties, bordering on the north upon Columbia 

River. It ha-; an area of 736 square miles. It contains no timber whatever. 

TII,LAMOOK COUNTY. 

Thil-l is a northwestern county, bordering upon the Pacific, and lying immedi<ttely south of Clatsop. Most of its area is included within the we:-:;tern slopes of 

the Coast Range. It was originally one of the most heavily timbered areas in the 

Northwest, and still contains a large amount of timber, although the timber in n1uch 

of itl'l area was destroyed many years ago by the great Nestucca burn. 

Cla~sification of lands -tn Tillamook County. 

Square miles. 

Total area __ . ______ .. _ .. _. __ ... _ ... _. _. __ ........ _ ....... _. _ .......... __ . 1, 119 

Merchantable-timber area .... _____ ..... _ ... _ .. _ ........ _. _ ......... _..... 667 

Cut area ..... _ ... _. ____ ...... ___ " __ ... _ ... ___ .. ____ .... ___ . _. ___ ...... _. _ 18 

Burned area ___________ . _ . __ ... _ . ____ . ______ .... _____ . __ .. _ c • ________ • __ • 361 

Open country ___ .... _ .. ____ .. ______ .... _ . _____ . __ .... _______ ... _ ... _ . __ . _ 73 

Amount and classi;tication of timber in Tillamook County. 

Million feet B. l\L 

Red fir . __ . __ .. _ . _______ . ____ . ________ - _ . _____________ . ____ . _ . ______ . . . . . 18, 995 

Spruce ____ ....... _____ ...... ____ . _ . _ . ___ •.... _ .. _ .. __ .. _ .. _ .. ___ . ___ . _ . . 1, 854 

Cedar .. _______ .... ___ . ___ .... _. _. _. _. _ .... __ ......... ______ .... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 674 

Noble fir ____ ... _______ . _ .. ___ ~ __ .. ____ .. _. ___ . _ .... ___ .. ____ .. _____ .. __ . 169 

llen1lock ____ . _ .. _. _ ....... _. ___ ........ _ . ___ .. ___ . ____ ........ __ ..... _.. 169 

Total ........ __ . __ . . . . . . . ___ ........... _ ...... _____ .... _ . ~ ______ . . 16, 861 

Average stand of timber per aere of ti bered land, 39,500 feet B. M. 

U ATILLA COUNTY. 

This county lies in the northeastern part of the State, bordering on the north on 

Washington. The northwestern part of the county c.onsists of an undulating 

country, without timber, while the southeastern part contains a portion of the Blue 

lVIountain~ and is covered more or less densely with yellow-pine forests. Considm·able cutting has been done along the line of the Oregon Railway and Navigation 

·Company's road. 

Classification of land.~ in Umatilla Cbtmty. 

Square miles. 

Total area ____ . _ ...... __ .. __ ........ _____________ . __ .. _ .... ___ .. ____ . _ . _ _ _ 8, 116 

Merchantable-timber area ____ . _______ . ______ . _ ..... _______ . _ .. ______ .... _. 84 

Woodland __________ ... _ .. __ . __ .... __ .. ________ .... ___ .... ______ . ___ ..... _ 478 

Burned area . _ ... __________ .. __________________ . __ . _____________ .. ______ . _ 41 

Cut area._ .. ___ . ____________________ . _________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

Open country ...... ___ . __ ... _. ________ . ____ . ___ . _ . _ ..... __ . _. ___ ..... _ _ _ _ _ :!, 375 

Barren . ____ ... ____________ . _______ ... ____ . _____ ... ______________ . ____ . . . . 55 
30 THE FOREST8 0.1!' OREGON. 

Amonnt and el(tssification of timber ·in Umatilla County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ........... __ ..... _ ... __ . _. _ ........... _ .... __ . ____ .. _·_ ......... 252 

Tan1araek ....................... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Total ...............................•••••.•......................... 1 . 25 7 

Ayerage stand of timuer per aere of timbered land, 4,800 feet B. M. 

UNION COUNTY. 

Thi~ county is situated in the northeastern part of the State, bordering Snake 

River on the east. The ~outhern and western parts consist of open valley country, 

the valley of Powder River and of the Grande Ronde. The northeastern portion 

comprises the southern slopes of the Wallowa Mountains, rising 10,000 to 11;000 

feet above the sea. These slopes are covered to altitudes of between 8,000 and 

9,000 feet with an open pine forest. 

Class·ification of lands in Union County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ............................... _ ......................... _ . . . . . . 8, 146 

Merchantable-timber area ...... _ .......................................... 1, 824 

W OQdland .......................................................... _ . . . . . 292 

Cut area .................................................................. _ 69 

Burned area ........... _ .......................................... ___ ... _ . 95 

Open eountry ..................................................... _ ...... _ 1, 802 

Barren ...... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 

Amount and classification of t-imber ·in Union C'ounty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ........... _. _ ............................. _ ....... _ .......... 2, 749 

Red fir ..... ___ ... _ ................. _ .......... __ .............. _. _ ....... _ 262 

Tarnarack ............ _ . _ ................. __ ........ __ ... __ ............. _ _ 262 

Total ... _ ................ ___ ._ ............ _ ... _._ ................... _ 3, 273 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 8,800 feet B. M. 

WALLOWA COUNTY. 

This is the northeastern county of the State, bordering on Snake River and the 

State of Washington. The northern and southern parts of this county are forested, 

the former consisting of the Blue Mountains and the latter of the northern slopes 

of the Wallowa Mountains. The timber consists mainly of yellow pine and i~ fairly 

heavy for that class of timber. 

Class{tication of land8 in Wal!o·wa County. 

Square milt•s. 

Total area._ ................. _ .. ___ ,_ ......... _ .......... __ ....... __ ....... 2, 784 

Merchantable-timber area .... _ ... ___ ........ _ .... ___ ...................... 1, 098 

Burned area ___ .... _._._ .... _ ...... _ ......... ___ . ___ .... _ ......... _ ..... _. 57 

Open country ..................................... _ .................. _ ... 1, 464 

Barren ..... __ ........ ____ ......... _ ....... _ ................. _ · .. __ . . . . . . . . 170 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER NO. 4 PL. VII 

A. YELLOW PI NE, BLUE MOUNTAINS, SHOWING RESULT OF BURN . 

B. TAMARACK GROVE, BLUE MOUNTAINS, 
WASCO COUNTY. 31 

Amonnt-and classtfication of t'irnber in Wallowa Cmtnty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ... _ . _ ........ _ .. _ ....... _______ .. ___ .. _ .. ___ ............ _ .. _ _ 2, 544 

Red fir. _ ....... __ . _ .. __ .... _ ......... _____ .. ______________ .. _____ ... ___ . . 430 

Tarnaraek . __ ......................... ___ ..... __ ...... __ ..... ____ .... _ . . . . 330 

'fotal .... ____ .... ___ ..... _________________________________________ . . 3, 304 

A Yerage ~tand of tim her per acre of timbered land, 4, 700 feet B. lVI. 

WASCO COUNTY. 

This is a northern county, bordering on the north on Columbia River, while its 

western limit is the summit of the Cascade Range. The eastern part of this county, 

comprising much the larger portion, is open, consisting of the valley of Deschutes 

River and the slopes leading down to it. The western portion of the county, lying 

in the Cascade Range, is mountainous and is heavily forested, excepting for one 

large burn, which includes nearly one-seventh of the entire area of the county. 

Classification of lands in Wasco County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ......... _ .... ___ .. _ ....... _ ........ ___ .... _ ........ __ . . . . . . . . . . 2, 962 

Merchantable-timber area _ .......................... _ ............. -....... 531 

Woodland ___ .................. _ ..... _ .. __ ..... _ ........ _ ..... _ . . . . . . . . . . . 295 

Cut area ... _. __ .... ___ .... _ ...... __ ......... __ .. __ .... __ ._ ..... _.......... 8 

Burned area. ___ ... ___ ... ____ .... __ ......... _ .... ___ ... __ .... __ ...... _.... 395 

Open eountry .. _____ .. _ ...... _ ........ ___ ..... _ ..... ___ ... _ ..... _. _ ... __ .. 1, 629 

Barren. ____ . _______ .. _ ..... ___ ...... ____ . , ... ___ ... _. _ .... _ ... _.......... 104 

Arnmwt and classification of timber in TVa.sco Coanty. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir . ____ ... ___ ... _ ... __ ........... _ .... _ ........ _ .. -.- ___ . _ .... _ ... _... 2, 890 

Yellow pine ________ ... __ .. · .... __ ..... ____ .... ____ .... _ ... _. _ ............. 2, 286 

Noble fir ___________________________ . _____________________ ... ____ .... __ ... 22n 

lie1nloek ___ . ____ ... __ ..... __ . _. __ . __ .... ____ ..... ___ .... __ ... _. __ ........ 181 

Cerlar .. _____ . ____ .. _____ ... __ ... _____ ...... ___ ..... ____ . ___ .. _ ....... _. . . 1B5 

'Vhite fir .. ___ . ___ ._ ... __ ..... __ . __ ... __ ... __ . ___ ... __ ._ .. _ ... _._ ... _..... 90 

White pine ____ ... ____ ... ___ .... __ .... _ .. _ . __ ... ____ ... _ .. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 

Silver fir __ .... ____ ... __ .... _. __ ... ___ . __ ...... _ .... __ ........ _ ....... _... 45 

Tamarack ___ .. ____ ... __ .... __ .... __ .. ____ .. ___ ... _ ·_ . __ ... _ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . 45 

Total ..... ____________ ... __ ..... __ .. __ .......... _ ... _ . __ .. _ . . . . . . . . . 5, 988 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 17,600 feet B. M. 
32 THE FORESTS OF OREGON. 

WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

Thi::; county I ie~ in the northwestern part of the State, bordering on the east 

upon Columbia River and stretching westward into the Coast Range. Mm;t ,of 

the area of the eounty eonsists of open country, occupied by farms and small 

patches of timber. The only merchantable tin1ber is in the, northwestern part, 

and eovcr~ a relatively small area. 

Classification of lands in Washington County. 

Square miles. 

Total area . ______ ... __________ . __ . ____ .... ___ . ________ ... _ ..... __ ..... _ . _ . _ _ 715 

Merchantable-timber area _________________________________ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 

Cut area ... _._._. _________________________________ . _____ . _________ . ____ . ___ . 63 

Burned area .. _ . _ . _______ · ________ . _______________ ~ ________________ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ 68 

Open country ___ ._ .. _______________________ . _____ . __ . _ ..... __ . _ ..... _ ....... 331 

Amount and classification of timber in Washington County. 

Million feet B. M. 

Red fir ..... _ ...... _._ ... _._._ ..... _ ... __ ... _. __ . __ .. ___ ... __ ..... __ ..... _ 2, 575 

Red cedar ........... __ .. ___ . ____ . _ ... __ ......• ___ ... __ ... _ ..... _ .... _ . _ _ _ 53 

Total .......... _ . _ . __ ............. __ .. _ .. __ . __ . _ .. _ .. __ . _ ... _ . . . . . . . 2, 628 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 16,200 feet B. M. 

WHEELER COUNTY. 

This is a new eounty, a little north of the center of the State. It~ area consists 

largely of open country, the valleys of John Day River and its branches, but it is 

intersected hy east and west ranges of hillH, which may be regarded as westward 

spurs from the Blue Mountains, and which contain a scattering growth of yellow 

pine. 

Classification of lands in Wheeler County. 

Square miles. 

Area of county._. ___ .. __ .. _. ______ .... ______ ._._ .... _. ___ ..... _ ... __ . __ .. __ 1, 746 

.:.VIerchantable-timber area ____ . _. __ . __ . __ . _ .. _. _. _. _. __ ... _ .. _ ... _. _ ..... _ _ 744 

"\V oodland . ____ ..... _ . __ ... ______ .. _____ . __ . ___ . ___ . _ . _ . _ . ___ ... ___ ... _ . _ _ 88 

Open country ... ____ .... _____ ._. __ ._. ________ .. ____ . __ . ______ .. ___ ._ ... _.. 914 

Total stand of timber is 359 million feet B. M., all of which is yellow pine. 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 800 feet B. M. 

YAMHILL COUNTY. 

This county lies in the north western part of the State, bordering on the east 

upon "\Villamette River and stretching westward into the Coa~t Range. The 

eastern part of the county is open and is mainly occupied by farms. and patches of 

timber, while the western portion, which otherwise would be heavily forested, is 

almost entirely included within the area of the great NestuccR, burn. The area of 

merchantable timber in this county is, in consequence, very small. 
YAMHILL COUNTY. 33 

C!assffication c!llands in Yamhill County. 

Square miles. 

Total area . _____ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ . ______ • _. _ ••••. ___ . __ .. 711 

Merchantable-timber area _____________ ... _____________________________ . ___ .. 101 

Cut area_.__________________________________________________________________ 10 

Burned area ______________________________________ . __________ ... ____ ~ ______ • 250 

Open country ________________________________________ . ________________ .. __ .. 350 

Amount and -cllt.s.~(ti,.ativn vf timber in Yamhill County. 

~Iillion feet B. M. 

Red fir ________________________________________________________ . ______ .. __ 1, 009 

Cedar ____ • _____________________ . ________ . ______ . ________ . ___ .... __ . _ . . . . . . 32 

Spruce _ •••• _ •.. __ . _ •. __ . _ . ____ •• ___ . _ .. __ • _ ••. ___ . ___ •. _ .••.... __ • . . . . • . . 21 

Total .••••••••••••••••.•.. _____________ . __ • __ .. ____ .. _ • ___ . _ . • • • . . • • 1, 062 

Average stand of timber per acre of timbered land, 16,400 feet B. M. 

9474--No. 4-02-3 

INDEX. 

Page. 

Area of the State •.....••..••••••••••••••••••.••.. _____ !J 

Baker County, lands in, character and classification 

of------------------ ______ ---------·-------- 16 

timber in, amount and classification of ______ ---· 17 

stand per acre and total stand of------______ 15 

Benton County, lands in, character and classification of_____________________________________ 17 

timber in, amount and classification of_ ____ _-____ 17 

stand per acre and total stand of _____ ·------ 15 

Blue Mountains, forests of,character of_____________ 10 

views in, plate showing___________________________ BO 

Burned areas, extent of ______________________________ 11-1:~ 

reforesting oL ______ _ _____ ______ ______ _ _____ ______ 1:~ 

Cascade Range, forests of, extent of_ ______ ---------- 10 

Cascade Range Forest Reserve, work in, reference 

to------------------------------------------ 9 

Cedar, occurrence of _____ ---------------------------- H 

Cedar, incense, amount and percentage of__________ 15 

Cedar, red, amount and percentage of______________ 15 

Cedar, white, amount and percentage of.___________ 15 

Clackamas County, lands in, character and classification of ___________________________________ 17-18 

timber in, amount and classification of_________ ll:i 

stand per acre and total stand of____________ 15 

Classification of lands------__________________________ 9-ll 

Clatsop County, lands in, character and classification of_--·-________________________________ 18 

timber in, amount and classification of______ _ _ _ _ 18 

stand per acre and total stand of ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Coast Range, burned areas in, condition of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 

forests of, extent of_ ______ ------------------______ 10 

Columbia County, lands in, character and classification of_ ____________ ------__________________ 19 

red fir in, plate showing_----- ____ ------__________ lO 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ 19 

stand per acre and total stand of------______ 15 

Coos County, lands in, character and classification 

of ___________________________ ----~__________ 19 

timber in, amount and classification oL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 

stand per acre and total stand of____________ 15 

Coquille River, area between forks of, burning and 

reforesting of_------ ______________________ 12-13 

Crook County, lands in, character and classification 

of------------------------------------------ 20 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ :~0 

stand per acre and total stand of------------ 15 

Curry County, lands in, classification of____________ 20 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ 21 

character of ______ ------ __________ ------______ 20 

stand per acre aud total stand of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

bodwell, Arthur, wo1·k of ••••••••••••••.... ---------

Page. 

Douglas County, lands in, character and classification of .. ____________________________________ 21 

timber in, amount and classification of_________ 21 

stand per acre and total stand of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Engelmann spruce, amount and percentage of_____ 15 

Fir, lovely, amount and percentage of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Fir, noble, amount and percentage of.______________ 15 

Fir, red, amount and percentage of_________________ 15 

oecurrence of.____________________________________ 14 

plate showing_____________________________________ 10 

Fir, white, amount and pereentage of_______________ 15 

Fires, effeets of ...... __________________________________ 11-13 

results of, plates showing _____________________ 16,20,30 

Forest in the State, composition of, table showing_ 15 

Gilliam County, features of ______ ---·---------------- 21 

Grant County,lands in,charaeter and classification 

of------------------------------------------ 22 

timber in, stand per aere and total stand of ____ 15 

yellow pine in_____________________________________ 2'2 

Earney County, lands in, charaeter and elassifieation of. _____ . _____________________ . _____ . _ _ 22 

timber in, stand per aere and total stand of_____ 15 

yellow }Jine in_------ __________________ .... :.________ 22 

Hemloek, amount and percentage of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

occurrence of _______________ ._____________________ 14 

Incense cedar, amount and pereentage of___________ 15 

.Jackson County, lands in. eharaeter ancl classification of.------ ______________________________ 22-28 

timber in, amount and classification oL _____ ____ 23 

stand per acre and total stand of____________ 15 

.Johnson, A. J., work of_______________________________ 9 

.Josephine County, lands in, classification of-------- 23 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ 2B 

stand per acre and total stand of .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Klamath County, yellow pine in _______________ -----_ 10 

lands in, character and elassifica tion of __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 24: 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ 24 

stand per acre and total stand of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Lake County, lands in, charaeter and classification of 24:-25 

timber in, stand per aere and total stand of____ 15 

yellow pine in .. ___________________ ----- ____ ._______ 25 

Land-elassification map of Oregon ------ ______ In pocket. 

Land surface of the State, area and character of___ 9-10 

Lands, elassification of ______ ----- ____ ---------------- 9-11 

table showing classification of_ __________ ···------ 11 

Lane County, lands in, charaeter and elassification 

of_----··____________________________________ 25 

timber in, amount and classification of--------- 25 

stand per acre and total stand of _____ ...,._____ 16 

Langille, H. D., work of. _____ ------------------------ 9 

Leiberg,J. B., work of. •.... -------------------------- 9 

D5 
36 INDEX. 

Page. 

Lincoln County, lands in, character and classification of. __________________ ------ ____________ 25-26 

timber in, amount and classification of--------- 26 

stand per acre and total stand of ______ . _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Linn County, lands in, character and classification of 26 

timber in, amount and classification of._________ 26 

stand per acre and total stand of------------ 16 

Lovely fir, amount and percentage of _________ ------ 15 

Malheur County, lands in, character and classification of. _______________________ ------------- 26-27 

timber in, stand per acre and total stand of.____ 16 

yellow pine in ______ ------ ______ ---------- ________ 27 

Marion County, lands in, character and classification of. ______________________________ ------ 27 

timber in, amount andclassification of__________ 27 

stand per acre and total stand of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Morrow County, lands in, character and classification of_ ______________ ; ____________ --------- 27 

timber in, stand per acre and total stand of____ 16 

yellow pine in_____________________________________ 27 

Multnomah County, lands in, character and classification of. ____________________________ ------ 28 

timber in, amount and classification of._________ 28 

stand per acre and total stand of____________ ·16 

Nestucca burn, occurrence and extent of.__________ 13 

plate showing ______ -------------__________________ 12 

Noble fir, amount and percentage of------------ ___ _. 15 

Oregon, land-classification map of..___________ In pocket. 

Oregon and California Railroad Company, reference 

to cruisings made by-------------________ 9 

Pine, sugar, amount and percentage of._____________ 15 

occurrence of------ .... ..,._________________________ 14 

plates showing ______ -------------- ________________ 20,24 

Pine, white, amount and percentage of______________ 15 

Pine, yellow, amount and percentage of.____________ 15 

occurrence of ---------- ______ _ ____ ______ ____ _ _____ 14 

plate showing-------------------------____________ 30 

Plummer, F. G., work of.____________________________ 9 

Polk County, lands in, character and classification of_ 28 

timber in, amount and classification of._________ 28 

stand per acre and total stand of------ ______ . 16 

Red fir. See Fir, red ____ ------_______________________ 10 

Red wood, occurrence of.._.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14, 20 

Rixon, T. F., work of. ________________________________ · 9 

Rogue River, timber in valley of, extent of.________ 10 

yellow pine in valley()f ____ _ _____ ______ _____ _____ 14 

Sherman County, features of________________________ 29 

Sitka spruce, amount and percentage of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Spruce, Engelmann, amount and percentage of _ _ _ _ 15 

Spruce, Sitka, amount and percentage of.__________ 15 

occurrence of ......................... ______ ...... 14 

0 

Page. 

Sugar pine. See Pine, sugar. 

Tamarack, amount and percentage of····--------·- 15 

Tamarack grove, plate showing ______ ............ ____ 30 

Tillamook County, lands in, classification of________ 29 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ 29 

stand per acre and total stand of __ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Timber, amount and distribution of---------------- 13 

area covered by ------------------------ ____ --·--- 9-10 

species of _____________________________ : ____________ 14--15 

Umatilla County, lands ii1, character and classification of. __________________ ------------------ 29 

timber in, amount and classification of _____ . c _ _ _ 30 

stand per acre and total stand of . ______ ..... 16 

Umpqua River, timber in valley of, extent of______ 10 

yellow pine in valley of-------------------------- 14 

Union County, lands in, character and classification 

of------------------------------------------ 30 

timber in, amount and classification of----_.---- 30 

stand per acre and total stand of-----------· 16 

Wallowa County, lands in, character and classification of. ______ -···---------------- ____ ------ 30 

timber in, amount and classification of__________ 31 

stand per acre and total stand of __ . ___ ... _ _ _ 16 

Wallowa-Mountains, forests of, character of ___ .____ 10 

Wasco County, lands in, character and classification of. ________ ---------· ________ ---------- 31 

timber in, amount and classification of._________ 31 

stand per acre and total stand of ___ . ____ .. _ _ 16 

Washington, destruction by forest fires in. ____ .. ___ 12 

Washington County, lands in, character and classification of.----------·· ________________ .___ 32 

timber in, amount and classification of ____ ----·- 32 

stand per acre and total stand of __ .. __ . _ ... _ 16 

Water surface of the State, area of. _____ ---------··· 9 

Wheeler County, lands in, character and classifica-

. tionof ......• --------------------·--------- 32 

timber in, stand per acre ar...d total stand of .. ___ 16 

yellow pine in. _____ ...•• ____ .--------------- .. ---- 32 

White fir, amount and percentage of._______________ 15 

White pine, amount and percentage of _ •...•. ____ . _ 15 

Willamette Valley, character of. __________ ---------- 10 

Willamette Valley and Cascade Range Wagon Road 

Company, reference to cruisings made 

by----------------------------------------- 9 

Yf!,mhill County, lands in, character and classification of------------- ______ ------------------ 32-33 

timber in, amount and classification of .... ------ 33 

stand per acre and total stand of .... _ ..... _. 16 

Yaquina burn, occurrence, extent, and origin of____ 13 

plate showing ....... -----------········•·········· 12 

Yellow pine, See Pine, yellow. 
PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

[Professional Paper No.4.] 

The serial publications of the Unit9d States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, 

(2) Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply 

and Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of the United States-folios and separate sheets 

thereof, (8) Geologic Atlas of the United States-folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 

are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists 

may be had on application. 

The Bulletins, Professional Papers, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, 

and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified into the following series: 

A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology, C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D. Petrography and mineralogy; E. Chemistry and physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous: H, Forestry; 

L Irrigation; J, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, Methods of hydrographic investigation: N, Water power; 0, underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 

This paper is the first in series H. 

Three volumes on forestry have been published, as Part V of the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and 

Twenty-first annual reports, each consisting of several papers. 

Correspondence should be addressed toTHE DIRECTOR, 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,. 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

November, 1902. 

• 

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. 

[Take this leaf out and paste the separated titles upon three of your catalogue 

cards. The first and second titles need no addition; over the third write that 

subject under which you would place the book in your library.] 

United States. Department of the interior. ( U. S. geological 

survey.) 

Professional Paper No. 4 Series H, Forestry, 1 I Department of the interior I United States geological survey I Charles 

D. Walcott, director I -I The I forests of Oregon I by I Henry 

Gannett I [Vignette] I 

Washington I government printing office I 1902 

4°. 36 pp., 7 pls. 

Gannett (Henry). 

Professional Paper No. 4 Series H, Forestry, 1 I Department of the interior I United States geological survey I Charles 

D. Walcott, director I -I The I forests of Oregon I by I Henry 

Gannett I [Vignette] I 

Washington I government printing office 11902 

4°. 36 pp., 7 pls. 

Professional Paper No. 4 Series H, Forestry, 1 I Department of the interior I United States geological survey I Charles 

D. Walcott, director I-I The I forests of Oregon I by I Henry 

Gannett I [Vignette] I 

Washington I government printing office 11902 

4°. 36 pp., 7 pls. 

III