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# OAR Box 1830 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



### Document

Number: 

# 126 ) IV-C-9

2
Docket Number: 

# A-87-1 1

Printed 11/13/2008 7:20:58 AM Sheet 126 of 232P. 2


### -•*!>»

.

JA M 

## fl-87-34.

UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y AN N ARBOR
. MICHIGA N 4810 5

.

Mr

. Ha l E

. Moore , Manager , Calgo n Carbo n Corporatio n P.O

. Bo x 71 7 Pittsburgh , P

A 15230-071 7 OFFIC E O F AI R AN D RADIATIO N

Nationa l Account s

Dea r Mr
. Moore : I n a Federa l Registe r notic e date d Augus t 19 , 198 7 (enclosed) , EP Apropose d tha t th e gasolin e vapor s displace d fro mautomotiv e fue l tank s durin g refueling b e controlle d b y using onboar d vapo r recoverysystems
. A s i s show n o n pag e 3117 4 o f th e enclose d notice , th e onboar d vapo r recoverysystem involve s severa l modification s t o th e existing evaporativ e contro l system
. Th e primarychange s includ e a fillnec k sea l t o preven t releas e o f gasolin e vapor s t o th e atmospher e durin g refueling , th e incorporatio n o f a rollover/ven t valve , an d a n enlarge d carbo n canister
. I n orde r t o contro l thes e additiona l vapors , canister s wit h approximatel ythre e time s a s muc h activate d carbo n a s th e curren t evaporativ e canister s woul d b e needed
. EP Aha s examine d th e questio n o f th e abilit yo f th e activate d carbo n manufacturer s t o produc e th e additiona l amount s o f automotiv e typ e carbo n require d fo r onboar d control s an d th e amoun t o f leadtime neede d t o suppl yth e market
. Ou r preliminaryconclusio n i s tha t thi s additiona l amoun t ca n b e supplie d fro

mcurren t exces s capacity , sinc e i t appear s t o represen t approximately , a 20-2 5 percen t increas e i n overal l demand
. I n a n Octobe r 30 , 198 7 lette r t o EPA , Congressma n John Dingel l requeste d tha t EP Acontac t th e activate d carbo n manufacturer s an

d solici t thei r comment s o n thi s issue
. Pleas e refe r t o th e following i n th e enclose d information :

Questio n 8 7 o f Congressma n Dingell' s Octobe r 30 , 198 7 lette rP. 3 \



### MA R2 7 jOn

### soooooo:^P. 4

t *••

Item# 4 of
. th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio n Septembe r 22 , 198 7 respons e t o Congressma n Dingel l EPA' s '/preliminar yconclusion s concernin g th e activate d carbo n marke t state d i n th e respons e t o Questio n # 4 i n th e Jul y21 , 198 7 respons e t o Congressma n John Dingel l Pleas e sen

d you r writte n view s an d comment s t o Congressma n Dingel l o f th e U.S
. Hous e o f Representative s Subcommitte e o n Oversigh t an

d Investigatio n o f th e Committe e o n Energyan d Commerce
. Pleas e als o sen d copie s o f you r comment s t o th e Administrator s o f th e Nationa l HighwayTraffi c Safet y Administratio n an

d th e Federa l HighwayAdministratio n an d t o mysel f a t th e addresse s liste d o n th e enclose d page . Pleas e contac t Jea n Schwendema n o f EP Aa t (313 ) 668-443 2 i f yo u hav e an

yquestion s concerning thi s request
. You r cooperatio n i s greatl yappreciated
. Sincerel yyours , 

### tSt*^£<!* Charle s L
. Gray,^-a r .'^Directo r Emissio n Contro l Technolog yDivisio n Enclosure sP. 5 

## J'

Enclosur e -

Honorabl e John D
. Dingel l Chairma n U.S
. Hous e o f Representative s Subcommitte e o n Oversigh t an d Investigation s o f th e Committe e o n Energyan d Commerc e Washington , D.C
. 2051 5 Honorabl e Dian e K
. Stee d Administrato r Nationa l HighwayTraffi c Safet yAdministratio n Departmen t o f Transportatio n 40 0 Sevent h Stree t S.W
. Washington , D.C
. 2059 0 Honorabl e Ra yA
. Barnhar t Administrato r Federa l HighwayAdministratio n Departmen t o f Transportatio n 40 0 Sevent h Stree t S.W
. Washington , D.C
. 2059 0 Mr
. Charle s L
. Gray , Jr. , Directo r Emissio n Contro l TechnologyDivisio n 256 5 Plymout h Roa d An n Arbor , M I 4810 5P. 6



### S.L
. Torrence , •*::^';|^jMr

. Robert
. Edwards , Marketin g Mange r o,o^V-;^E[^inerica

n Nori t Co
. , - •^'zOO •',{"• Ifp. 42 0 

### Agma c Avenu e . " • .-^'boMl Jacksonville, Florid a 3220 5 Mr.
. Edwards_Mr
. ^ "i^nSenera l Manage r . . '
. . J Westvac o Chemica l Divisio n - Carbo n Dept
. Covington , Virgini a ^442 6 Mr
. Torrence_Mr
. Jac k Georgal , i&$ t)W[Anderson Developmen t Corp
. 

### #¥^S 141 5 E 

### * Michiga

n St., : v 

### S#:-:VP_Adr.ian , M i 4922 1 Mr\ , Georgal_Mr
. Willia mVogelhube r £V^4N | Barneby-Chene y
.-'*'* « : % 

### • ^ ^ P.O
. Bo x 252 6 Columbus , Ohi o 4321 6 Mr
. Vogelhuber_Mr
. Lo u Sorrento , Directo r •*v"i.
. o f Technica l Operation s J1CECA , Inc
. • J P.O
. Bo x 125 0 ' ,- V^Pryor , Oklahom a 7436 2 Mr
. Sorrento_Mr
. Pa t Harriga n •Gul f Bio
. Systems , Inc
. 531 0 Harves t Hil l Rd
. JDallas , Texa s 7523 0 Mr
. Harrigan_Mr
. Fran k Schwartz
. •^Hbrt h America n Carbon , Inc
. 432- T McCormic k Blvd
. _Columbus , Ohi o 4321 3 Mr
. Schwartz_Mr
. Pau l Valencik , Presiden t Transpacifi c Carbo n Co
. .43 1 Hatcher yRoa d \ Blue Lake , Californi a 9552 5 Mr
. Valencik_Mr
. Jame s Allen , Vic e ^Presiden t carb , Inc
. Rout e #5 , P.O
. Bo x 27 5 iDunnellan , Florid a 3263 0 Mr
. Allen_Mr
. Itar u Nishimura , ["Manager , Expor t Dept
. IKurara yChemica l Co. , LT D NO
. 1-4-14 , Shibat a Kita-Ku , Osak a Japa n Mr
. Nishimura_Mr
. Yoshim i Shibata , Senio r J= 

### Mahage r Technology-Activate d Carbo n ;Carbo n Product s Divisio n Mitsubish i Chemica l Industries , LT D 5- 2 Marunouch i 2 Chom e Chiyoda-Ku , Toky o Japa n Mr
. Shibata_Mr
. Ha l E
. Moore , Manager , vHationa l Account s { 

### Calgo n Carbo n Corporatio n P.O
. Bo x 71 7 Pittsburgh , P A 15230-071 7 Mr

. Moor e


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### tt-utakgtn, 9 C 20fi f nan a

Octobt r 30 , 198 7

Th a Honorabl a La a N . Thoma a Adainiatrato r Bnvironaenta l Protectio nAganc y watersid e nai l —

waa t Towa r 40 1 i t street , 9 . w . Washington , D . C . 2046 0 Th a Honorabl a Dian a K , Staa d Adainiatrato r Nationa l Highwa y

Traffi c Safet y

Administratio n Dapartaan t o f Transportatio n 40 0 Savant hStraat , 3 . W . Washington , D . c . 2059 0 Th a Honorabl a Ka y

A , larnhar t Adainiatrato r Pedara l Highwa y

Adainiatratio n Dapartaan t o f Tranaportatio n 40 0 Savant hStraa t S.W . Washington , D , C . 2059 0 Oaa r Haaara . Thoaa a an d Barnhar t and na . Steed i Sncloaa d fo r you r informatio ni a a copy o f tha urfadita

d portio no f tha tranacrip t o f ou r subcomaittaa' a Ootoba r 2 , 198 7 haarin g concarnin g th a Subeoaaitteo' s continuin g invaatigatio no f non-attainmen t iaauaa , includin g refueling/volatilit y iaaua a (paga a 140-173) . Tha tranacrip t (p . 147-148 ) includa a ay inquirie a abou t a propoaa d manorandu a o f undtrstandin g drafta d by tha Environmanta l Protaetio nAganc y (EPA ) an

d th a Nationa l Highwa y Traffi c Safet y

Adainiatratio n(NHTSA) . EP A an d NHTS A proaiaa d t o provide ) th a draf t (aa wal l a s tha fina l product ) and thj^coaaaJ^s . HBia-Har , alaoa t a mont hha a paaaa d and thos e focuaent a hav a no t be-a nprovided , xrequaa t thi a w4thln,tiltnajc t fl dlY I V"* ' » h P"f hAh * memorandum ma y no v be,final . Reaaasar , " ' contlnu a t o b a skeptica l abou t th a adequac y

and permanenc y

o f ra e EP A an d NHTS A jointl y

pla nt o publis hi t i n tfn-rsrlarn l fts^-tatar? i f not - wh y not . I obaarv a tha t earlie r thi a mont hth a Boar d o f Director s o f th a Nationa l Safat y

Counci l became che fourt hhighl y regarde d safet y organizatio nt o cas t seriou s safet y doubt s abou t onboar d controls . Th a Counci l said :P. 8

'ft9 a 2 

### whil e tha Nationa l Counci l supjoct i effort a t o reduca-hydrocarbo nlaval i i ntha atmosphere , aariou t iafejty*tn 4 haalt hconcern s hav a baa nralaa dconcernin g theMpropoae drulemakin g b y tha i f A

o nvapo r recover y ayttea s an dralata dissues .

* • •'* • 

### Th e Counci l taka i n o petitio no nan y o f th t nropott dtschnologie s t o tolv t th t pcoblta . Howe var , tha Nationa l Safat y

Counci l oppota t th a adoption - o f any propoaa drul a unles s an dunti l tue htechnologia t hava baa ndeaonstrata dno t t o incraaa a ris k o f dtath , illnaa a o r injury . Surely - a o aany

safet y agencie s canno t ba wrong . ( I migh t addtha t Z undarttan dtha t th a Gov t mo c o f Californi a recentl y vatoa donboar dcontro l legislatio nfo r tha t Stat a o naafat y an d otha r groundi. ) Onl y th t Csnte r for Aut o Safat y raaeha da somewha t diffaran t conclusio nlas t Marc hcitin g soa a o f tha saa a inforaatio na a i a containe di ntha IPA' t fina l Tachniea l report includin g tha ua a o f eollapsibl a bladdara . ro t tha intaraa t o f EPA , I ancloi a a nOctobe r 2 0 latte r fro a NHTS A whic hdlacuaaa a tha Center' s eoaaants . A s t o bladders , t believ e ou r hearin g show s tha t the y

ar a no t the readil y availabl e technolog y II A expected . * Z baliav a tha Counci l i s righ t i nstatin g oppositio nt o th a propose drul a "unti l suc htechnologie s hav a baa ndemonstrate dno t t o increas e ris k o f death , illnes s o r injury. " Xobserv e tha t onOctobe r 2 7 the insuranc e Institut e fo r Highwa y Safat y onc e agai nraise dthes e safet y eoncarna . Th a Institut e said :

Autoaobil e cras hdeath s andinjurie s ar a ever y bi t a a importan t environmenta l healt h problem s a s ai r quality . Wit hthi s i nmind , IP A mustn' t ignor e tha hazard s associate dwit h on-boar dvapo r recover y systems . Mandatin g tha a no w woul damoun t to siapl y tradin g of f on e publi c healt hproble m

for another . I nth e absenc e o f politica l constraints , an obviou s an dpractica l alternativ e exist s t o contro l refuelin g vapors . Capturin g the m a t th e gaaolin a pum

pwoul dImprov e ai r qualit y withou t havin g t o ri g moto r vehicle s wit hmor e complicate d fue l syttaaa . I t woul daccomplis hEPA' s ai : qualit y objactive s withou t riskin g additiona l moto r vehicl e death s an dinjuries . Th e technolog y exist s t o contro l vapor s a t th e pum p— i nfact , thi s i s alread y

bein g don e inCaliforni a an dthe Distric t o f Columbia , an dI t coul dbe den e elsewhere , too . Politica l constraint s and enforcemen t problem s nigh t dela y nationwid eP. 9

pag a l
program s o nthi s kin do f program - ou t suc h obatacle a coul dsurel y ba solve dfaata r tha nth a 1 0 t o 2 0 year s i t wil l tak e unti l al l vehicle s o n th a roa d ar a equippe dwit hon-boar dsystama . Unfortunately , thi i rulemakin g saema t o ba . a a muc habou t politica l constraint s a a abou t tha technica l merit ! o f alternative s t o improv e ai r quality . Politic s seem t o b a drivin g th a agenc y towar don-boar dvapo r recover y system s —

no t onl y a nirresponsibl e polie y directio nbu t ala o a n inhuman e on e becaus e i t woul dmea nmor a paopl a burnin g i nmoto r vehicl e fires . 1 . EPA' s rina l Technica l repor t o f laa t Jun e i a reference di n th e propose drulemakin g o f Augus t 19 , 19-0 7 andrelie dupo nby IP A i nth e preparatio no f th e propose drule . Mr . Thomas , a t pag a 14 9 o f th a transcript , yo ustat e tha t EP A ha s "complete d a aafet y analysis " andtha t CPA' s engineer s hav e "designe dalternativ e eyatem a t o incorporat e onboard " control a i nvehicles . But , a s yo utestified , th e unidentifie dsystem s hav e no t bee n"roa d teated. " Yo u the nstats :

MR . THOMAS , xbeliev e the certificatio nprocosse a * tha t ar e require db y NHTS A a a wel l a s ou r aganc y woul d requir e thos e kind s o f teets . I a m uncertai nwha t yo umea nb y thi s statement . Pleaa a explain . Also , I rsques t tha t EPA identif y

eac ho f th e alternativ e systam a (othe r tha nthe collapsibl e bladder ) reference di nth e testimony , tha t wer e relie dupo nby EP A i nth e fina l technica l repor t andexplai nth e statu s o f eac halternative , includin g th e testin g conducte dprio r t o las t Juns . 2 . (a ) I request , considerin g IPA' s claim s o f improve dsafet y I nth e Jun e Report , tha t SPA projec t how

many live s ar e anticipate dt o b e save dfro m suc honboar dcontrols , exclusiv e o f th e volatilit y

rule , i f EPA

i s unabl e t o do so , pleas e explai n wh y andals o explai nthe basi s fior SPA' S clai m o f improve d safety . (b ) . I understan dtha t EPA ha s aske dthe moto r vehicl e Industr y

andother s t o quantif y the safet y

ris k fro

m onboar d controls . Xnot e tha t th e insuranc e Institut e discusse dthi s issu e beginnin g a t pag e 2 o f it s Octobe r 2 7 statsment . I requee t NHTSA' s an

dEPA' s coan«n: s onthe problem s o f suc hquantificatio n andwhethe r suc hquantificatio nI s necessary . 3 . I nth

a hearing , E? A

sa ; d : MS . DINGELL . Ca nyo umak e a fla t statemen t a s to ho w they woul dwor < i

na finishe dsystem whic hP.1 0



### pag a 4 would,fe e aarkata dandwhic hwouldb* e runthroug h tha .freductio nsyataa ? «t * fSOMAS . No , bu t xfee l w e hava go t t o coma t o tha t conclusio nbefor e wa hav a a fina l rula . I ali o fta l tha t bot hunde r ou r certificatio n requirement s andNt . Steed's , thot a conclution t hav e t o b t drawnby

th t aut o maker s befor e th t vehicle s ca nb t told . Xa a aoaawha t comforte db y th e statement ' tha t EP A mut t hav a an appreciatio nho w

onboar dcontrol s wil l wor k "before " ther e i a a "fina l rule. " Bu t Xa m puszle db

y the laa t aantane a o f Hr . Thomas ' repl y

becaua a Xunderstan dtha t unde r th e NHTS A administere dlaw , th a certificatio nproees s i a no t typ e certification , bu t sel f certification , i s SP A suggestin g (an

d doe s NHTS A

agree ) tha t thi s sel f certificatio nprocea a wouldb e a nacceptabl e wa y

t o findou t i f onboar dcontrol a parfor a properl y andaafal y

onc e the vehicle a ar a aol di ncommerce ? Plaaa a explain . 4 . i nthe hearing , EP A sai dthe aganc y

looke da t model s o f . onboar dsystama designe db y EPA engineer s andconclude dtha t the y ar a a "relativel y

simpl e upgrad e o f the existin g evaporativ e * contro l system

wit ha nenlarge dcanieter. " Th e America n Petroleu a inatitut e (API) , i nthe enclose dstatement , mad e a simila r comment . AP I claim s "considerabl e expartiee " o nbehal f o f membe r flrm

a i ndesignin g onboar dsystem s andstate s tha t AP I "ha a teste dthes e i na numbe r o f vehicle a ove r th e laa t severa l yeara. " NHTS A

taatifie dabou t th e safet y o f tw o o f thos e system s o nOctobe r 2 . Th e enclose ddocumen t fro m the Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturar a Associatio nappear s t o tak e issu e wit hSP A andAPX . Doe s NHST A

agre e wit hEPA' s an dAPI' s commenta ? I f not , why not ? saaado nNHTSA' s recal l experience , ar e thes e evaporativ e syatama "fail-safe" ? wha t safat y recall s hav e bee nmad e regardin g thea e systems ? Pleas e tak e int o accoun t API' s thre e point s onpage a 17-1 8 o f It s statement , a s wel l a s NHTSA' s comment s onpage s 164-16 7 o f th e enclose dtranscript . 5 . SP A sai d(p . 149 ) tha t onboar dsystem s "hav e bee nroa d tested." - Pleas e identif y thos e system s an

dexplai nwhe nEPA

sa w them tested . Plaaa a describ e the tests , Includin g wh o conducte d them , unde r wha t condition e the y wer e run , o

nwha t kind a o f vehicle a tha y

war t conducted , andwha t result s wer e obtained . If . a repor t o f th e roa dtest s wa s prepared , pleas e provid e a copy . I f a repor t wa a no t prepared , pleas e explai nwher e EPA obtaine d th a informatio nabou t the tests . 6 . I gathe r fro

m the testimony

andou r correspondenc e tha t th e fina l EPA

technica l repor t di dno t reflec t much , i f any , o f th e issue s andconcern s expresse db y NHTS A init s Jun e 1 1 lette r t o SPA . Xreques t tha t NHTS A review th e Fina l Repor t an

didentif y al l portion s thereo f wher e NHTS A stil l ha s concern s or disagree s inwhol e or i npar t an dexplai n:r. e oasi s for . th e concern s an

dP.1 1



### Pag e 5 disagreement , xa a particularl y intereste di nsection s i v throug hYWVo S th t report . ~ 7 . V Xreques t tha t EPA , fHA , andNHTS A indicat e t o wha t exten t the y ware - o r wer e ne t awar e o f th t informatio nprovide db y MVM A 

### i nth t eneloee dlette r wha nth t SPA' a Fina l Technica l Repor t wa a issued . Xparticularl y cal l t o EPA' s attentio n"Xtaar--*- - Charcoa l andCaniste r iaauaa " andreques t tha t SP A provid e th t MVM A informatio n(togethe r wit hthi a latte r andEPA' s tarlia r correspondenc e wit hth a Subcommitte e oncarbon ) t o eac ho f th t carbo nmaker s andobtai nthei r writte nview s andcoaaent a fo r SPA , NHTSA , an dth

e Subcoaaittee . Pleas e not e tha t MVM A state s i A conaiderabl e portio no f the tota l carbo n capacit y l a currentl y

devotedt o productio no f carbo n product a tha t ar e unsuitabl e fo r ua a i nevaporativ e emissio no r refuelin g eontro l applicationa . Thus , i t i s somewha t optimisti c a t thi a poin t t o assume tha t sufficien t carbon , o f appropriat e quality , ca m b t aad a available . Th e carbo nmaker s shoul ddiscus s thi s availabilit y iaau t i ntara a o f tha propose drul e a s i t applie e t o al l vehicle a o f al l alse t beginnin g 2 4 month s afte r the rul e i s Hopted , no t o nthe bael a o f any potentia l extensio no f the leadtime . 8 . Durin g th e hearing , we discusse dthe possibilit y tha t liqui d fue l migh t reac hthe caniste r i nsoa e way . SPA wa a no t awar e tha t thi s situatio nwoul dcaua e any problems ; however , na . Stee d indicate dtha t i t wa a he r understandin g tha t liqui dfuel—i f i t reache dth e caniate r somehow—coul drende r the charcoa l ineffective . Coul dyo upleaa e commen t onthi s iaaut . Pltaa a advia e whethe r liqui dfue l woul ddamag e the canister' s abilit y t e purg e th e vapors , i f the liqui dfue l wer e t o reac hthe caniater . I f ao , l a tha t damag e peraanent ? woul dtha t affec t th e ai r qualit y benefits ? Ho

w likel y i a i t tha t liqui dfue l coul dreac h the canister ? 9 . A t m

y request , EPA' s An nArbo r offic e provide danOctobe r 20 , 198 7 memorandu

m o f a nSP A

meetin g o

nSeptembe r 1 6 wit hfor d Moto r Company

representative s an

dother s t o discua a rord' s "desig nandtestin g effort s fo r bot hcaniste r base dan dbladde r tank onboar drefuelin g contro l systems. " Th e EP A memorandu a sasa a t o b t critica l o f ror dfo r havin g wha t EP A describe s a a a "relativel y

stal l projec t underwa y t o asses s design s fo r onboar d vapo r recover y

syatama. " Xassua e tha t i t i s no t EPA' s view tha t eac hautomake r shoul ddevot e substantia l time , effort , engineerin g talent , and mone y t o refuelin g idea s tha t hav e bee nperculatin g a t EPA sinc e th e 1970 s andneve r reache da propose drulemakin g stag e unti l 1987 , particularl y

i nligh t o f the seriou s safet y hazard s expecte dfro

m thes e EP A

regulator y

ideas . I f m

y assumptio ni s incorrect , pleas e explai nwhy . i f i t i s correct , thenwha t i s th e basi s fo r the EPA

criticism ?P.1 2



### pag e 6

Th e EPA.memorandum

als o states i ~
• r 

### X nth t cours e o f th t discussion s For dstate dtha t thti f dttlg noption s wer e somewha t limite dbecaus e o f th e perceive dconstrain t tha t onboar dsystem s coul dba require da a ico na a 2 year s afte r tha fina l rule-t a signed . I nresponse , IP A reiterate dit a positio no n leadtim e a a state di nth e preambl e t o th e NPSH , an d encourage dfor dt o provid e comment ! o nth e relationshi p betwee nleadtim e and th e choice a in.syste m design . Xaa agai ntrouble db y th e suggestio nl nthe BP A comment . Th e propose drul e unquestionabl y call s fo r a 24-mont hleadtime . I t i a no t a "pereelve dconstraint. " X t i s quit e real . EPA' s propose drul e constantl y defend s tha t leadtime a e bein g "sufficient " whil e somswha t grudgingl y statin g tha t "som

a uncertaint y

exiat a (especiall y

relate dt o safety) " abou t thi a leadtime . foreig nan d domesti c vehicl e manufacturer s canno t pla nin. a vacuum o r respon dt o a propose drul e b y bettin g tha t SP A

wil l expan dtha leadtime . Eve ni f th e expanalo ntake a place , n o responsibl e membe r o f the publi c ca npredic t wha t tha t expansio n wil l b e o r whethe r i t wil l b e adequate . X nshort , SP A

afte r strugglin g ove r thi s matte r fo r year s and fallin g t o adequatel y addres s th e safet y

issue , apparentl y

want s For dan d other a t o d o thei r job . I thin k tha t i s imprope r onth e par t o f EPA . Th e EP A rul e encourage s commenter s "t o provid e specifi c suggestion s fo r change s t o any aspec t o f th e proposa l tha t tha y believ e nee dt o b e modifie dor improved. " On e suc hchang e i a complet e abandonmen t o f th e propose drul e becauae , a a proposed , i t fail a t o eve ncome clos e t o meetin g th e requirement s o f sectio n202(a)(6 ) o f th e Clea nAi r Act . Tha t la v specifie s tha t a rul e "shal l no t becoa e effectiv e unti l th e introductio nt o th e mode l yea r fo r whic hi t woul db e feasibl e to Implemen t suc h standards , takin g int o consideratio ncomplianc e cost s an d th e restraint s o f a nadequat e leadtim e fo r desig nand production. "

•
_* __.._- . - . — J
_. ..-.. b.-•-. - a l - . y _. . - - . .. . - < J A... 1 U1 „ _- . te t. , w.-. i>uuki f

i i . tww^iu. tV.1KH

, wit » Lilian , u. l v.*-*** . |«WII.U. I u>>«-a> . 

### thi s test , bu t a t the moment , the automaker s an d tho publi c ca n onl y reac t t o wha t I s presente db y ERA . The y

canno t reasonabl y respondo nth e baai a o f speculatio no r th e unknown . The y respon d t o th e rul e a a proposed . I reques t the view s o f NHTSA , FHA , an d EP A o nthi a aatter . 10 . I f th e leadtim e i s extende dt o 4 8 month s or more , wha t i a the impac t o nth e benefit s o f the rul e an d c ncosts ? 11 . Enclose dI t a cop y o f the forme r Secretar y o f Transportation' s lette r o f Augus t 1 7 to th e Subcommitte e concernin g th e rulemaking . I cal l attentio nt o th e Secretary' s repl y t o m y questio n2 an

d admi t som

e confusio nabou t th e rol e of , andexten t o f inpu t into , th e rul e b y the Federa l Highwa yP.1 3

NOV.0 9 '8 7 08:4 9 EP Ap_ g 

### Page 7
Administratio nunde r sectio n202(a)(6 ) o f th e clean 1 

### Ai r Ac t insofa r a * heav y

dut y vehicle s ar a concerned . T o thi s date , X hav e ttdriittl t evidenc e o f concer no r inpu t b y th e FH A int o thett s importan t safet y mattera . wha t ar e th e view a an d coneern a o f th t F1A 7 Ho v

i s FH A preparin g t o addres s them? . 12 . i nth e eae a o f recreationa l vehiclea , th e Secretar y says t Recreationa l vehicle s o f 10,00 0 lba . OVW Ro r les a mus t aee t th e requiremen t o f FMVS S 301 . Recreationa l vehicle s ove r 10,00 0 lbs . OVW Rar e no t currentl y

addresse db

y FMVS S 301 . Th e safet y o f th e fue l aystem s o f th e heavie r recreationa l vehiele a i a currentl y addresse dthroug htha defec t provision s o f th e Nationa l Traffi c and Moto r Vehicl e Safat y

Ac t o f 1966 , an

d throug hth a produe t liabilit y

responsibilitie s o f th e recreationa l vehicl e manufacturers . Th e installatio no f onboar dcontrol s o nthes e vehiele a woul dpreeen t safet y problem s simila r t o thoa e encountere di nothe r vehicl e categories , includin g th e riak s o f non-cras hfire s whic har e no t addraaae db

y FMVS S 

### 301 . Whic heafat y

agene y ha e the responsibilit y fo r thaa e vehiclea ? Ha a EP A discusse dth e safet y and otho r impact a o f onboar d control s fo r thes e vehicle s wit hth e manufacturer a o f thaa e vehicle a an d th e appropriat e safet y agency ? i f yea , whe nand wha t wa a th e reault ? I f no , pleas e explai nwhy not . Pleas e identif y th e manufacturers , i s 2 4 month s adequat e leadtim e fo r thea e vehicle a from

a safet y

an d any othe r standpoint ? i nrepl y t o questio n2(d) , th e FH A agree s wit hth e MVM

A bu t the nadd a tha t i t lack s th e "expertise " o nthes e matters . Again , ho w ar e thes e safet y

issue s t o b

e addresse da t th e Departmen t o f Transportatio nan d the EPA ? 13 . Whil e I agai nstres s m y longhel dview

tha t a nationwid e Stag e I I contro l progra m i s no t neede dan

d I do no t urg e I t l n an y State , I encloe e a recen t repor t b y the Sout hCoas t Ai r Qualit y Managemen t Distric t for SPA' s review an d comment . Th e documen t states i

Whil e 11,00 0 source s ar e a burdent o inspect , tha t numbe r i s mor s manageabl e tha nthe 10,000,OOO * vehicula r source s we woul dhav e I nthe Sout hCoaa t basin . Onthe othe r hand , I f onboar d control a wer e Inplac e Inlie uo f Stag e II , I t wouldn' t b e th e District' s obligatio nt o inspec t thos e vehicula r sources , s o i t woul dfre e up manpowe r t o b e use dinothe r areas . Th e poin t t o b e made , however , i s tha t b y Distric t inspectio n an denforcement , we hav e contro l ove r the complianc e rat e and effectivenes s o f th e controls .P.1 4

Pag e 8

I f th e contrai l ar e i nvehicle a whic hma y b a eithe r no t inspected , o r poorl y inspected , w e hav e n o asauranc e tha t th e control s wil l b e i nplac e an doperatin g properly . Wit hStag e X

Xcontrols , maximu

m eaissio n
_

* reduction s tak e effec t immediatel y upo n •installatio no f th e equipment . Ther e i s n o waitin g fo r vehicl e flee t turnove r t o accomplis h th e ful l reduction , whic heoul d tak e te nyear a o r more . Maintenanc e o f stag e I I equipmen t i a relativel y

eaay , albei t frequent .

X f onboar dcontrol a ar e a a effective , i t woul dmak e aans e t o mov e awa y fro m Stag e I I onc e onboar di s full y

implemented . W e hav e coneern a tha t onboar di s n o panacea , bu t l t woul deaa e ou r jo bandenabl e u s t o diver t resource s int o ethe r areas . Regardles s o f any

determination s wit hretptc t t o onboar dcontrols , ou r Stag e IX . system s wil l likel y b e retaine dfo r a t leas t 1 0 year a afte r onboar dcontrol s begi nappearin g i nthe vehicl e fleet . Whil e i t i s manpowe r intensiv e an dcreate e substantia l conflict s wit hservic e statio n dealera , i t works , i t provide s a neffectiv e mean s o f controllin g VO C emission s durin g gasolin e refuelin g operationa . Th a equipmen t i s readil y ' inspected , maintenanc e i s relativel y eaay , an d complianc e ca nbe directl y effecte db

y Distric t actions . Onboar dcontrol s ma y hav e non e o f thes e advantages , and whateve r advantage s i t doe s have , i t wil l certainl y

tak e som

e tim e befor e ful l contro l o f gasolin e vapor s emitte ddurin g refuelin g operation s ca nb e accomplishe db

y onboar d systems , fo r tha t reaso nalons , I woul d expec t tha t th e Stag e XI vapo r recover y progra m

I n Californi a wil l be wit hu s for many year s t o come . I reques t EPA' s comment s i nligh t o f it s statement s i nthe preambl e relativ e t o the advantage s o f onboar dcontrols . 14 . I understan dtha t som e ar e concerne dabou t safet y a t servic e station s relativ e t o the no22le , etc. , andonboar dcontrols . I understan dtha t a t leas t or e membe r o f the publi c raise dthi s issue . I s refuelin g safet y covere di

nOccupationa l Safet y and Healt hRegulation s and/o r Stat e flammabl e Liqui dCodes ? I s th e Nationa l fir e Protectio nAssociatio n(NFPA ) Cod e 30 A applicabl e i nman y States ? Ha s SP

A or NHTS A

sough t NFVA' S technica lP.1 5

i-iO v 0 9 'o7. 00-5 0 £r.rt P
. 1 3 

### Pag e f*- . •^0&W±n&ff&*±+.- -•... • •• - . . . • • 

### ---"committee advice ? X S not , whe nwil l thea e agencie s d o so ? wha t r : abou t the . Underwriter s Laboratories ? Ha a EP A o r NHTS A

sough t ' ^ and * comment s fro a OSHA ? i f not , wha nwil l thes e <*<•*•*•. « 

### informa t agenoie t 15 . API'S ! testimon y o f Octobe r 2 8 (pag e S - 14 ) ha a raise da 

### numbe r objection s o r concern s relative t o fue l volatility , includin g suggeatlon a o f independen t firm s bein g "force dou t o f business, " th e nee dfo r increase dgaaolin a production , longe r leadtim e requlreaant a fo r transition , seaaonabilit y enforcement , an ddistributio nproblems , and cos t and balanc e o f trad e impaets . Thea e ar e importan t concerns , a s i s the questio no f blend e o f alcoho l and volatility , eafety , and the ultimat e certificatio n fue l leve l shoul dth e fina l rul e adop t a highe r RV P number . X reques t SPA' a and NHTSA' s comment s o nthes e mattera . Xreques t you r repl y t o the abov e matter a withi n4 5 day a afte r receip t o f thi a letter . Pleas e provid e a cop y thereo f t o th e OAO , th e Insuranc e institut e for Highwa y Safety , an

d th e Nationa l Tranaportatio nSafet y Boar dfor thei r conaideratio nan d commen t t o th e Subcommittee . Xassum e tha t thi s lette r (an d th e encloeures ) an

d th e • reply , a a wel l a s ou r earlie r correepondence , wil l als o be adde d t o th e EP A

docke t establishe dsom e tim e ago . Xunderatan dtha t som e witnesse s hav e time beyon dJanuar y

1 1 t o provid e writte nc fac t tha t thre e majo r holiday s oceu r betwe e (Includin g two whe nthe moto r vehicl e Indu s shu t dow nfo r a nextende dperiod) , I presu m a reasonabl e extenaio no f anothe r 3 0 day s a thi s i s no t a nunusua l reques t i nthe cas s rulemakings . Afte r 1 3 years , anothe r fe w Pleas e advia e me withi n2 0 day s abou t thi s wit hbes t wishes . sough t a nextensio no f ommenta . Qive nth e nnow an d Januar y

1 1 cry i a traditionall y e tha t SP A

wil l gran t t loaat . Xnot e tha t o f othe r EPA month s i a no t much , requeet *

JOH N D . DINGEL L Chairma n Subcommitte e o

n Oversigh t an

d investigation s
Enclosure s cc : Th e Honorabl e Thomas J . Bliley , Jr. , Rankin g Minorit y Membe r Subcommitte e o

nOversigh t an

d investigation sP.1 6

» . . ' MOTO RVEHICL E MANUFACTURER S ASSOCIATIO N o f ih e Unite d States . Inc

. 30 0 .NE W CENTE

Retl'-OlN C • DETROIT. .MICH!CA. N 4820 2 • Afl£

A 3 13-8:2-431 1 7LX.NO . 1OO97T

0 ALT0MAK2RS SE T DONAL D E . PETERSEN . CA«inn.M - . , --,., , THOMAS H

. HANNA . Prmdtnt

ini Chi4f

Extrw OtTictr

S e p te.r. 0 e r.- . Z , -33 7
Th e Honorabl e Joh n D
. Dingell. , Chairma n Subcommitte e o n Oversigh t and Investigation s Committe e o n Energ yand Commerc e Unite d State s Hous e o f Representative s Washington , D.C. 2C51 5 Dea r Mr
. Dingell : Th e Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Associatio n o f th e Unite d States , Inc
. (MVMA) , whcs e m.iibs r companie s produc e 9 8 percen t o f al l domesti c vehicles , respond s herewit h t o you r lette r o f Jul y29 , 198 7 whic h requeste d comment s concernin g issue s relativ e t o th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agency' s (EPA ) effort s t o contro l refuelin g vapor s and gasolin e volatility , fo r clarificatio n purposes , MVMA' s response s ar e precede d b yth e respectiv e question s pose d i n you r letter
. Becaus e o f th e vita l importanc e t o MVMAo f th e issue s discusse d i n you r letter , w e appreciat e th e opportunit yt o continu e participatin g i n th e nationa l dialogu e o n thes e subjects
. I f yo u o r you r staf f hav e anyquestion s o n th e enclose d comments , pleas e fee l fre e t o ::-lcac t me .
ver ytrul yyours , 

# I X Thoma s H . Hann a Enclosur e cc : Th e Honorabl e Thoma s J
. 31iley , Jr. , ?.ar.km g Minorit yMembe r Subcommitte e o n Oversigh t an d Investigation s Th e Honorabl e Le e M
. Thomas , Administrato r Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Th e Honorabl e rian e X
. Steed , Administrato r Nationa l Highwa yTraffi c Safet yAdministratio n Departmen t o f Transportatio n Th e Honorabl e Jame s C
. Mille r III , Tirsrto r Cf^iC 8 c f

.1dr.3C f l ? f l " * *- ^ -'^"a 1

- Th e Honorabl e Charle s A

. Bc-sher , Zzr.zz: : 1 1 e : C-enera l

Mr

. Georz e Automob i I s
•-T.VS'-'- S "// , /

* ' :.-(£. SL:.-: :~ Lectures •

•. f • » - . .-•?- . CK

i i

'

. i-' .-•-.-.. : r. g .

~ ' ' • « a' — I.'carter s 

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- -•.'^•i.-'C VIte m 4-Charcoa l an d Caniste r Issue s
Questio n "I ncommentin g o nthes e matters , pleas e addres s EPA' s resoons e t o ou r question s 4(a) , (b) , (c) , and (d ) inou r Ma y 8 letter " regardin g charcoa l and canisters. "
MVM A Respons e

I nrespondin g t o thi s questio nwe believ e EP A underestimate d th e fue l tan k capacitie s for mos t o f th e classes . Settin g asid e th e methodolog y

EP A use d t o bac k int o it s estimate s o f futur e light-dut y

vehicl e fue l tank capacities , whic happear s t o underestimat e tan k size , an d focusin g o nheavy-dut y trucks , w e believ e EP A

ha s seriousl y

underestimate d fue l tan k size s fo r thi s clas s o f vehicle . Inaddition , th e EP A estimat e tha t 85 % o f clas s v i truck s operat e o na singl e tan k i s totall y inappropriate . I t i s ou r understandin g .'-.a t th e estimate s o f dua l tan k usag e fo r heavy-dut y truck s wer e extrapolation s fro m th e entir e light-dut y truc k database , rathe r tha nfro m th e subse t (i.e. , clas s Ila ) tha t mos t closel y represent s heavy-dut y vehicles . Th e percen t o f clas s Il a vehicle s usin g dua l tank s i s approximatel y

75 % and we woul d approximat e th e clas s li ban d v i
usag e t o b e a t leas t a s high , i f no t higher . I naddition , we
canno t suppor t th e EP A estimate s fo r fue i tank size s fo r thes e heavy-dut y

vehicles . Currently , th e minimum fue l tan k siz e fo r heavy-dut y

vehicle s i s 3 5 gallon s wit hth e majorit y o f truck s bein g sol d wit h5 0 gallo no r large r tanks .

1 3P.1 8

A s fo r dua l tan k heavy-dut y vehicles , th e minimu m tan k capacit y i s approximatel y

7 0 gallon s an d th e maximu m i s LO O gallons . W e
se e n o indicatio ntha t fue l tan k capacitie s wil l b e reduce d dow n t o th e estimate s use d b y EPA .

I nadditio nt o th e undersizin g o f fue l tanks , w e believ e EP A als o faile d t o properl y conside r th e implication s o ncaniste r siz e o f th e propose d saturatio nt o "a t leas t breakthrough " tes t procedur e
an d caniste r desig nefficienc y considerations . Th e sum tota l o f thes e impact s i s tha t E? A ha s underestimate d th e deman d fo r activate d carbo nb y a t leas t fift y

percent .

I t shoul d als o b e pointe d ou t tha t al l form s o f activate d carbo n d o no t hav e th e sam e characteristics . Th e efficienc y o f carbo n varie s greatl y

an d wit hi t th e caniste r .iz e neede d t o contro l a give namoun t o f vapor . I t i s therefor e .rucia l t o determin e th e suitabilit y

o f th e curren t idl e capacit y fo r producin g automotiv e qualit y

activate d carbon . A considerabl e portio no f th e tota l carbo ncapacit y

i s currentl y

devote d t o productio no f carbo n product s tha t ar e unsuitabl e fo r us e i nevaporativ e emissio no r refuelin g contro l applications . Thus , i t i s somewha t optimisti c

a t thi s poin t t o assum e tha t sufficien t :a:'::n , o f appropriat e quality , ca nb e mad e available .P.1 9

A s indicate dabove , EP A ha s underestimate dth e impac t o nth e carbo nindustry , perhap s b y a s muc ha s fift y percent , i n addition , EP A

assume s tha t automotiv e qualit y carbo ni s a fungibl e .commodit y an dtha t an y

for m o f activate dcarbo nwil l suffice . Th e differen t use s o f activate dcarbo nmak e muc ho f th e carbo nproduce dtoda y unsuitabl e fo r automotiv e applications .

MVM A als o believe s tha t E? A i s overl y

optimisti c i nit s estimat e
o f economi c impact . Throughou t th e analysis , EP A assume s tha t manufacturer s wil l elec t t o us e hig hefficienc y carbon . Th e E? A estimate s o f th e amoun t c f carbo nrequire dpe r vehicl e assum e th e
us e o f thi s hig hqualit y carbon . Ye t EP A als o assume s tha t vendor s woul db e willin g t o sel l hig hqualit y carbo nfo r th e sam e pric e a s thei r lo w qualit y

carbon. , MVM A

celieve s tha t becaus e o f thi s an dothe r assumption s regardin g caree nprices , EP A ha s » underestimate dth e cos t o f carbo nb y fift y t o one-hundre d percent .

B y th e sam e token , EP A assume s tha t ai l : f th e vapor s capture dby th e carbo nca nb e use dwi^ hth e sam e efficienc y a s gasolin e metere dthroug hth e fue l injectio nsystem . Thi s assumptio ni s naiv e a t bes t an dunsupporte db y th e record . I f th e assumptio n
wer e true , the ni t woul db e unnecessar y fo r manufacturer s t o instal l costl y

cor'.-'..-. ; ec t io nfue i system s i n:rde r t c mee t presen t fue i econom y an demissic nlavs . .-.receding t c thi s theory , an y

syste m

c f dumpin g fue l :..: : •.n e engin e v.l l crcduc eP.2 0

acceptabl e results . Clearly , thi s i s no t th e case . Th e unmetere drefuelin g vapor s ca nb e consume da t bes t wit ha n efficiency , o f onl y fift y percent . .Thus , MVM A doe s no t believ e tha t EP A

ha s properl y

accounte dfo r th e ne t energ y consumptio n associate dwit hthi s rule .P.2 1

/ * " \ 153E * UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y

•<?

_

vVASHl*'G~O N 3 Z Z'z-y. ': « c \.-

TH E ADMINISTRATO R Honorabl e Joh n 0
. Dingel l Chairman , Subcommitte e o n Oversigh t an d Investigation s Committe e o n Energ yand"commerce

Hous e of~Representative s Washington , D.C
. 2051 5
Dea r Mr
. Chairman : I amwritin g i n respons e t o you r lette r o f Ma y8 , 1987. ' I n you r letter , yo u ceaueste d tha t w e respon d t o a numbe r o f Question s relatin g t o th e ga s marketin g issue
. Arespons e t o thos e Question s i s enclosed
. Yo u als o aske d u s t o clarif y ou r positio n fo r th e Leagu e o f Wome n Voter s o n sanctions
. Acop yo f ou r sanction s fac t shee t whic h wa s sen t t o tha t organizatio n i s als o enclosed
. I als o wis h t o tak e thi s opportunit yt o than k yo u fo r you r Ma y15 , 198 7 letter
. I n tha t letter , yo u raise d th e issu e o f th e safet yo f onboar d vehicl e controls
. A s I state d a t th e Apri l 2 7 hearing , EP< \ i s givin g thi s issu e a thoroug h examination , an d w e hav e formall ysough t th e commen t o f the'Nationa l Highwa yTransportatio n Administration
. W e wil l b e sending-yo u additiona l informatio n o n th e issu e i n ou r forthcomin g respons e t o you r letter s o f Jun e 2 3 an d Jun e 29
. Than k yo u fo r you r continue d interes t i n thes e matters
. Sincerely , Le e M * Thoma s Le e M

. Thoma s Enclosure s
cc : Charle s A
. 3owshe r Comptrolle r Genera l Genera l Accoun t ine : offic eP.2 2 T l

Questio n 4(a ) Pleas e identif y al l of

th e charcoa l supplier s andcanister , maker s fo r th e domesti c industry

. Whe n an dho w di dthes e supplier s provid e tni s respons e t o EPA

? Pleas e prc-v-.d

e th e correspondence

. I f oral , pleas e se t fort hth e question s asked

. Respons e t o Questio n 4(a ) Th e majo r domesti c urDducer s of activate dcartoon ar e Calgon , Westvaco , IC I (Norit) , Atocnem , HUSKY, an dBarr-ebey-Cheney

. Nort n America n Carbon i s no t aproducer , bu t

ratr.c.

- 3 supplie r

o f in-porte dactivate dcarbon

. T o date , w

e hav e no t

requeste dwritte n response s fro mthes e manufacturer s o n th e question s yo

u hav e raised

. Specifi c estimate s o f suc hthing s a s operatin g capacit y andenerg y cost s ar e ofte n proprietar y becaus e the y directl y relat e t o competitiv e marketin g issues

. Yo u als o aske dabou t

th e producer s o f

canister s fo r

th e domesti c industry

. For

dandChrysle r

mak e thei r ow n canisters

. Rocheste r Products , asubsidiar y o f

GM , make s G M canisters

. Evart , asubsidiar y o f AMC , make s AM C canisters

. Canister s fo r foreig n car s produce di n th e U.S

. ar e generall y mad

e by tn e paren t

c.mpan y an dimporte dt o th e U.S

.P.2 3

Question s 4(b ) and4(c ) Di dth e abcwe repl y cove r al l vehicle s subjec t

t o th e propose drale ? I f not , wh y not ? Wha

t i s th e curren t

siz e o f canister s to r

passenge r vehicles , ligh t

dut y trucks , an

dheavy dut y vehicles ? Als o pleas e provid e th e amoun

t o f charcoa l required

. Wha t wil l b e th e ne

w caniste r

siz e an d charcoa l requiremen t

fo r eac hsuc hvehicle ? Respons e t o Question s 4(b ) and4(c ) O f th e curren t

domesti c activate dcarbo n suppliers , Calgo n an d westvac o accoun t

fo r a n estimate d8 5 percen t o f th e carbo n marke t

fo r domesticall y produce dautancoiles , whic hi s approximatel y 10-1 2 millio n pound s pe r

year . Thi s i s about

fiv e percen t

o f th e 20 0 millio n pound s pe r yea r o f domesti c productio n o f granulate dan

dpowderedcarbon

. Th e amount s o f

carbo n typicall y use dt o contro l evaporativ e emission s an dth e additiona l amount s tha t EP A believe s wil l b e neede dt o contro l refuelin g emission s fo r

light-dut y vehicles , light-dut y truck s an dheavy-dut y vehicle s ar e show

n i n th e attache dtable

. (The extema l dimension s o f th e canister s woul

db e abou t

1 0 percen t

greate r tha n th e require dcharcoa l volunes. ) W

e estimat e th e tota l additiona l amoun t o f carbo n require dfo r onboardrefuelin g control s fo r al l gasoline-fuele dvehicle s (light-dut y vehicles , light-dut y trucks , heavy-dut y trucks ) t o b e betwee n 2 3 millio n pound s pe r

year , assunin g 9. 0 RV P in-us e fue l and3 0 millio n pound s pe r year , assumin g 11. 5 RV P in-us e fuei

. Thi s amount s t o abou t 10-1 5 percen t o f curren t production

. Bot

n i n th e pas t

an di n recen t

conversations , majo r manufacturer s hav e indicate di t woul dtak e a t

mos t 1 8 month s t o tw

o year s leadtim e t o increas e capacit y b y thi s amount
. A representativ e o f on e manufacture r

state dtha t

hi s ccmpan

y coul dmeet

a3 0 millio n poun

d pe r yea r requiremen t

wit hthei r

curren t idl e capacity

. H

e cite daStanfor d Researc hInstitut e stud y o f th e carbo n industr y whic hindicate s tha t th e current"domesti c marke t i s onl y a t

2/ 3 o f ful l utilization

. Base do n thes e comments , EP

A believe s tha t

activate dcarbo n manufacturer s wil l b e easil y abl e t o meet

th e increase dcarbo n requiremen t fo r al l vehicles

.P.2 4 I '

Questio n 4(d ) You r agency' s repl y regardin g th e energ y us e i s ne t responsive

. America n Carbon mad

e specifi c estimate s o f th e "Btu " needs

. I regues t tha t yo u consul t

wit hth e Departmen t

of Energ y (DOE

) andth e charcoa l supplier s abou t

th e firms' s contention s an dindicat e wher

e yo u andDO E agre e o r disagree

.
Respons e t o Questio n 4(a ) A s fo r th e specifi c energ y requirement s fo r producin g activate d carbon , i t

i s difficul t

t o evaluat e NorthAmerica n Carbon' s estimat e o f th e amoun

t o f energ y use di n manufacturin g activate dcarbo n sinc e mos t manufacturer s conside r informatio n regardin g thei r manufacturin g processe s andenerg y need s t o b e proprietary

. In any case , th e energ y cos t t o th e manufacture r

i s completel y reccvere di n th e cos t o f th e product

. Therefore , th e impac t

o f thi s energ y us e i s full y accounte dfo r i n ou r analyses

. I t shoul dals o b e note dtnat , compare dt o th e energ y conten t o f th e recovere d refuelin g vapor s (whic hare , o f course , currentl y bein g lost) , th e energ y involve di n charcoa l productio n i s extremel y .small

. Furthermore , th e cos t o f activate dcarbo n i s typicall y onl y abou t on e dolla r

pe r pound- , an deve n wit hth e additiona l amoun t require dfo r

onboar dcontrols , automotive-typ e carbo n account s fo r onl y asmal l fractio n o f th e tota l activate dcarbo n market

. Thus , i t doe s no t

see mlikel y tha t

additiona l productio n o f

activat e carbo n co r

automotiv e purpose s coul db e ameasurabl e drai n t o th e econom

y o r t o th e nation' s energ y reserves . Pursuan t t o you r reques t tha t w e consul t wit hth e Department

o f Energ y (DOE

) on thi s matter , I hav e sen t acop y o f

thi s respons e t o th e Department

o f Energy

.• ^

Light-Dut y Vehicle s TABL E REFERENCE

D IN RESPONSE T

O 4(b ) an d4(c ) Estiiiate dAmount s o f Activate dCirbo n Neede dt o Contro l Evaporativ e an dRe fuo l in g Quis-iLoi s Light-Dut

y Truc k (singl e tank ) Light-Dut y

Truc k (dua l tank) ^ Heavy-Dut y

Truc k li b (singl e tank ) lleavy-Dut y

Truc k ID > (dua l tank ) Heavy-Dut y ll3.v/y-[Xity

Truc k VI

. Truc k

V I (singl e tank ) (dual , tank ) Averag e Fue l Tan k Size : 12. 2 gal . 16. 3 gal . 32. 6 gal . 2 0 gal . 4 0 gal . I O gal . 9 0 gal .
Typica l Amoun

t o f Carl-o

nPresentl y use d inInt--*-jrate

d Evaporativ

e Canisters : 85 0 m l 85 0 ml . 150 0 m l 140 0 m l 2 @ 140 0 m l 140 0 m l 2( 3 140 0 m l

Additiona l Amoun

t o f Carbo

nNeede d t o Contro l Refuelin g Emission s with : 11. 5 RV P fuel : 9. 0 RV P fuel : 244 0 m l

202 0 m l 326 0 m l

270 0 ml 652 0 m l

540 0 in i 400 0 m l

331 0 m l aoo o m l

663 0 m l 599 0 m l

497 0 m l 1590 0 m l

1J25 0 m l