Page 3 of 111 

### Table of Contents
1. Executive summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 4 2. Introduction

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 7 3. Use C haracterization

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 8 4. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

................................ ................................ ..... 11 4.1. Ecological Risk Assessment

................................ ................................ ................................ . 11 4.2. Drinking Water Exposure Assessments

................................ ................................ ......... 12 4.3. Clean Water Act Programs

................................ ................................ ............................. 13 5. Environmental Fate and Tr ansport

................................ ................................ ........................ 13 6. Receptors

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 17 6.1. Effects to Aquatic Organisms

................................ ................................ ........................ 17 6.2. Effe cts to Terrestrial Organisms

................................ ................................ .................... 22 6.3. Ecological Incidents

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 27 7. Exposure Pathways of Concern

................................ ................................ ............................ 31 8. Analysis Plan

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 32 8.1. Stressors of Concern

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 32 8.2. Measures of Exposure

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 33 8.3. Measures of Effect

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 35 9. Endangered Species Assessments

................................ ................................ ...................... 35 10. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

................................ ................................ ....... 36 11. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps

................................ ................................ ........ 37 11.1. Environmental Fate

................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 37 11.2. Effects

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 39 12. References

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 43 Appendix A

- OPPIN Bibliography

................................ ................................ ........................... 45 Appendix B: Toxicity Comparison for Picloram Potassium Salt, 2,4

- D TIPA Salt and Formulations Containing Both Picloram TIPA Salt and 2,4

- D TIPA Salt

............................. 100 Appendix C: Summary Data for Picloram Rel ated Incidents (PC Codes 005101, 005102, 005104)

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 102 Appendix D

- SIP and STIR Outputs

................................ ................................ ........................... 108Page 4 of 111 

## 1. Executive summary

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has completed the preliminary problem formulation for the ecological risk, environmental fate, endangered species, and drinking water assessments to be conducted as part of the registration review of picloram

. This action includes triisopropanolamine pic loram (TIPA

- salt), potassium picloram (K

- salt), and picloram acid (picloram). Isooctyl/ethylhexyl picloram is not included in this action as there are no current registrations for the active ingredient. The problem formulation describes the methods plann ed
to be used during the completion of drinking water and ecological risk assessments in support of registration review and provides an ove rview of the environmental fate, ecological effects , and potential risks associated with the use of picloram as well as uncertainties unique to the risk assessment of picloram . This document also identifies additional studies that would be beneficial to the conduct of an ecological risk assessment. Major findings include:

The following environmental fate data gaps exi st for picloram :

• Adsorption/Desorption (OCSPP Guideline 835. 1230 ) : Accurate quantification of sorption coefficients is highly important for a compound with high expected mobility. Current reported estimates are derived from Footprint, a database associ ated with the European Food Safety Administration for which the supporting data are not available.

• Prospective Groundwater Study (OCSPP Guideline 835.7100): The leaching of picloram to groundwater and the subsequent use of that groundwater is a complete

ex posure pathway with effects to non

- target plants and five reported incidents. The veracity of these incidents is confirmed by comparing a screening level groundwater concentration from PRZM

- GW of 0.421 mg a.e./L to the most sensitive available terrestria l plant endpoint (vegetative vigor tomato NOAEC = 0.00016 lb a.e./ac) . Less than 1/500 th of an inch of irrigation water would be required to reach this endpoint. Furthermore, less than one inch of irrigation water would be required to reach the vast maj ority of reported terrestrial plant endpoints. A prospective groundwater study performed in an area representative of typical picloram use conditions would allow for better characterization of expected groundwater concentrations and may demonstrate potent ial mitigations such as well setback distances or minimum well depths

. Terrestrial field dissipation studies only characterize dissipation up to 60 inches below the surface and cannot effectively inform these mitigation decisions.

• Environmental Chemist ry Methods and Independent Laboratory Validation on Soil, Water, and Compost (OCSPP Guideline 8 50.6 100): Pending review of environmental chemistry methods on soil and water (MRIDs 45366 and 69078 ) , the data is requested. Data is also requested for environ mental chemistry methods on compost and independent laboratory validation of soil, water, and compost. For compost, methods should be derived that can be used with equipment found in state laboratories and use laboratory standards that can be readily obta ined. LOQs for ECMs need to be low enough to detect residues that could cause a risk concern ( i.e. need to be below the most sensitive toxicity endpoints reported in this document)

.

• Dissipation study in compost (Non

- Guideline): The application of picloram to vegetative matter that is subsequently used as compost or animal feed has been found to retain picloram residues and affect non

- target plants (see Section 6.3 ). This route ofPage 5 of 111 exposure is common across the picolinc acid herbicides (aminopyralid, clopyr alid, and picloram). A study is requested to demonstrate the rates of degradation and leaching in vegetative and manure composts. The study will be used to characterize this risk from picloram residues in compost and may demonstrate potential mitigations such as compost holding times

. It is requested that a study protocol is submitted for review before the study is conducted. Through the SFIREG Pesticides Operations & Management committee on September 16, 2013, it was made known that Dow AgroSciences is developing a molecular imprinted polymer for solid phase extraction that could be used for detecting picloram in compost. It was expected that a method could be released to state laboratories by April 2014. A compost dissipation study would be instrumen tal in interpreting the monitoring data that will become available after this method is disseminated.

The following ecolo gical data gaps exist for picloram :

• Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate Chronic Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 850.1350): Picloram has outdoor uses that may result in exposure to estuarine/marine invertebrates. In the absence of data EPA will use an acute to chronic ratio (ACR) for the freshwater invertebrate and apply that to the lower bound of the acute estuarine/marine data to estimate a chronic endpoint for the estuarine/marine invertebrate. Although according to CFR 158 the lack of this study is considered a data gap, the utility of a new estuarine/marine invertebrate life cycle study for the risk assessment is considered low given th e predicted difference between the exposure estimates from the RED and the toxicity estimate derived using the ACR approach in this document. Therefore, a new estuarine/marine invertebrate life cycle test is not requested.

• Estuarine/Marine Fish Early

- Life Stage Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 850.1400): An estuarine/marine fish early life

- stage test using the TGAI has not been submitted, since it was not considered to be necessary based on previous risk assessments for picloram

. In the absence of data EPA will use an ACR from the rainbow trout acute and chronic data with picloram acid and apply that to the acute estuarine/marine data point values to estimate a chronic endpoint for saltwater fish. Although according to CFR 158 the lack of this study is cons idered a data gap, the utility of a new estuarine/marine fish ELS study for the risk assessment is considered low at this tim e, given the predicted difference between the exposure estimates from the RED and the toxicity estimate derived using the ACR appro ach in this document. Therefore, a new saltwater early life stage toxicity test is not requested.

• Algal Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 850.4500). No data is available for the estuarine/marine diatom for picloram acid or the TIPA or potassium salts. Sinc e the freshwater diatom was the most sensitive taxa tested for the TIPA salt, a study on estuarine/marine diatoms is required for this ai . A new study is not required for the acid

or potassium salt

.Page 6 of 111 • Acute Avian Oral Toxicity Study (OCSPP Guideline 850.210 0): No data is available for passerine species, which may be more sensitive than the tested mallard and bobwhite species. Although the LD 50 and LC 50 data for the mallard and bobwhite were all

no ndefinitive (“great er than” ) values, there were sublethal eff ects in the acute oral mallard study with picloram acid and treatment related mortalities in the acute dietary bobwhite study with picloram potassium salt. Therefore, a passerine study is required using either the acid or the potassium salt. A protocol s hould be submitted to the Agency, prior to study initiation.

• Chronic Avian Reproduction Study ( OCSPP Guideline 850.2300 ): No data is available for chronic effects to birds from picloram use. Therefore, a chronic study is required using either piclora m acid or the potassium salt. Although the LD 50 and LC 50 data for the mallard and bobwhite were all no ndefinitive (“great er than” ) values, there were sublethal effects in the acute oral mallard study with picloram acid and treatment related mortalities in the acute dietary bobwhite study with picloram potassium salt. Since the dietary study exposure is more similar to a chronic exposure than the acute oral study exposure, it is recommended that the chronic study be conducted with the bobwhite.

• Terrestri al Plant Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor Tier II Studies (OCSPP Guidelines 850.4100 and 850.4150): A previously submitted study (MRID 41296501 ) used to support the registration of the TIPA salt was downgraded to supplemental

-- qualitative. Therefo re, n o quantitatively acceptable data is available for picloram’s effect to terrestrial plants from the TIPA salt formulation. The most sensitive species (for dicots: tomato, drybean and soybean. For monocots: onion and wheat) as indicated in the currentl y available data should be tested with the TIPA salt formulation.

• Data Gaps for products containing picloram combined with other herbicides A number of end

- use products contain picloram in combination with another herbicide ( i.e. 2,4

- D, dicamba, fluroxypy r and/or triclopyr). Since these products are labeled for aerial application, there exists the potential for s pray drift to non

target plants

. Therefore, these data are needed to conduct a risk assessment:

• Terrestrial plant vegetative vigor (850.4150) an d seedling emergence (850.4100) tests using the most sensitive dicot and monocot species: tomato, drybean, soybean, onion and wheat using TEP. The preceding studies with TEP are a subset of what is required to support the existing

use pattern according t o the 40 CFR Part 158 and were identified because they resulted in the most s ensitive endpoints for picloram and terrestrial plants appeared to be more sensitive to a multi ai formulation containing picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D TIPA salt than to either a.i. alone (using picloram K salt as a surrogate for the picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D DMA salt as a surrogate for 2,4

- D TIPA salt due to a lack of terrestrial plant data on formulations containing only one TIPA salt). For the preceding studies where E FED is requesting data on TEP, data are needed on a representative product that contains both picloram and the additional ai(s). When there are multiple products with dual active ingredients, as is the case for the picloram and 2,4

- D a.i.’s, the represe ntative TEP used is normally the product with the highest p ercentages of active ingredient and/or is expected to result in the highest toxicity.

Major uncertainties:Page 7 of 111 Major toxicological data gaps primarily affect the risk assessment for direct effect s to aquatic and terrestrial plants, as these taxa were the main risk concerns previously identified for this chemical and quantitatively acceptable data is missing, especially for the picloram TIPA salt formulation’s effects to terrestrial plants. Spray drift damage to non

- target plants from picloram formulations is of particular concern for this chemical. In addition to the lack of information for effects of the picloram TIPA salt formulation (usually co

- formulated with the 2,4

- D TIPA salt), there is al so a lack of toxicity information for formulations with multiple a.i.’s, especially where those formulations may be applied aerially. Multiple a.i. formulations other than those with 2,4

- D that are applied aerially and have higher potential for spray drif t damage to non

- target organisms include those with picloram TIPA salt and dicamba ( e.g. Trooper Extra, PD

- 2, Grazon PD2), picloram TIPA salt and fluroxypyr 1

- methylheptyl ester ( e.g. Trooper Pro, Surmount), picloram K salt and triclopyr ( e.g. GF

- 1249). T he absence of information on picloram TIPA salt’s (as well as the multiple a.i.formulations’) toxicity to plants prohibits quantitative assessment of the potential risk to nontarget plants posed by the application of these products.

A significant uncert ainty regarding environmental fate is picloram’s behavior in compost. Degradation and dissipation processes differ in compost as compared to guideline environmental fate studies. An improved environment al chemistry method and a compost dissipation study are needed to better characterize this pathway. The absence of information on the persistence of picloram residues in composted plant material or animal manure prohibits a quantitative assessment of the potential risk to nontarget taxa posed by the applica tion of composted material containing these residues. Without information on the fate of picloram residues in these media, the risk assessment will only be able to qualitatively address risk to nontarget taxa where plants from treated areas or manure from animals fed on treated plants is used.



## 2. Introduction

Picloram is a sy stemic herbicide that acts as a plant growth regulator by mimicking naturally occurring plant growth hormones called auxins. Tomlin (2004 ) indicates that it has effects on broad

- leaf p lants, but not grasses, with the exception of some seedlings. Picloram disrupts normal plant growth by binding to molecules that are normally used as receptors by auxins. Because picloram is more persistent in plants than auxins, the binding causes abnor mal growth and leads to plant death (Tu et al ., 2001). Picloram and other herbicides in the pyridine carboxylic acid chemical family ( e.g. , clopyralid and aminopyralid) can act at multiple sites in a plant and disrupt hormone balance and protein synthesis , the metabolic pathways that affect plant growth. Picloram and other members of the pyridine carboxylic acid family are systemic and can move in both the xylem and the phloem to areas of new plant growth (meristematic tissues). Picloram uptake is primari ly through the foliage, but root uptake is possible.

The use information presented in this problem formulation was obtained from the tables in th e EFED Label Data Report dated 7/18 /2013, from BEAD’s Chemical Profile for Registration Review (USEPA, 2013 ), and from various evaluated labels. There are currently 9 Section 3 registered products for picloram acid, 15 Section 3 registered products for picloramPage 8 of 111 triisopropanolamine salt, and 10 Section 3 registered products for picloram potassium salt. There a re no Special Local Needs (SLN) registrations for picloram.

The following labeling statements appear on all picloram labels to avoid contamination of compost, aquatic environments and drinking water from use on agricultural products. Label language was d etermined to be necessary due to composting and irrigation water incidents.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD STATEMENTS

This pesticide is toxic to some plants at very low concentrations . Non

- target plants may be adversely affected if pesticide is allowed to drift from areas of application. Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present, or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. Do not contaminate water used for irrigati on or domestic purposes by clea ning of eq u ipment or disposal of wastes or rinsate. Do not allow runoff or spray to contaminate wells, irrigation ditches or any body of water used for irrigation or domestic purposes. Do not make application when c ircumstances favor movement from treatment site.

This chemical is known to leach through soil into groundwater under certain conditions as a result of agricultural use. Use of this chemical in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow, may result in groundwater contamination.

This chemical can contaminate surface water through spray drift. Under some conditions, picloram may also have a high potential for runoff into surface water (primarily via dissolution in ru noff water), for several months post

- application. These include poorly draining or wet soils with readily visible slopes toward adjacent surface waters, frequently flooded areas, are as over

- laying extremely shallow groundwater, areas with in

field canals or di tches that drain to surface water, areas not separated from adjacent surface waters with vegetative filte rstrips, and areas over

- laying tile drainage systems that drain to surface water.



## 3. Use Characterization

Picloram is a systemic herbicide used for cont rol of woody plants and a wide range of broadleaf weeds in range management programs. It is registered for use on agricultural crop soils for the following: bar le y, fallow, oats, wheat, pastureland, and forestry

. It is also registered for use on
conservat ion reserve program land, non

- agricultural sites, rights

- of

- way, industrial sites, storage yards, fencerows, industrial storage areas, and hedgerows

. Picloram is formulated as emulsifiable, soluble concentrate, and as a solution

- ready

- to

- use. Picloram can be applied by broadcast, spot treatment as foliar (leaf), bare soil spray, as a basal bark treatment, and/or by air

as broadcast spray. The chemical profile produced by BEAD, located in the docket, lists the use patterns of maximum exposure s for the curr ent uses of picloram

. The most dominant use is on pastureland representing 98% of usage between 1998 and 2011

. From 2007

- 2011, the annualPage 9 of 111 total agricultural usage averaged approximately 810,000 pounds acid equivalent (lbs a.e.) for 5.3 million acres. On average, the states with the most agricultural usage in terms of pounds a.e. applied are Texas (26%), Oklahoma (12%), and Arkansas (10%), and the top states in terms of the total area treated are Texas (31 %), same percentage for Oklahoma (12%), and Arkan sas (9%). Usage information for non

- agricultural uses is not reported. The absence of this information is a significant uncertainty especially considering the broad spectrum of non

- agricultural uses.

Labels for use in forests, conifers, and rooftops do n ot specify maximum seasonal application
rate s or a maximum number of applications per year. A forest dissipation study indicates an exposed soil dissipation half

- life of 34 days , therefore applications of picloram several times per year would not be unrea sonable . Without clarification of the labels or details on usage in forests and conifers, conservative assumptions will be made. Conservative assumptions will also be made for number of roof top applications per year in the absence of usage information o r clarification of the labels

. All broadcast applied uses may be applied aerially.

The following tables summarize use patterns for picloram acid (PC code 005101 ; MW: 241.5 g/mol ), the TIPA

- salt of picloram (PC code 005102 ; MW: 432.6 g/mol ), and the K

- sa lt of picloram (PC code 005104 ; MW: 280.6 g/mol ). Though these are three distinct chemical moieties, they will be assessed together using the acid equivalence (a.e.) method. That is, only the picloram acid component will be assessed and the application r ates of the TIPA

- salt and the K

- salt will be adjusted to account for only picloram acid. For instance the 1.939 lbs a.i./ac re maximum application rate for the TIPA salt will be converted to 1.085 lbs a.e./ac re because only 56% of the a.i. constitutes the a.e. in the case of the TIPA salt ( 241.5 g* mol - 1 / 432.6 g* mol - 1 = 56%).

Table 1

. Label use information for picloram acid (PC Code 005101 )

Use Site Formula tion Type Max Rate (lbs a.e./Acre) Max. No. of Apps
per Year Min. App. Interv al Application Methods Comments Single Annual

AGRICULTURAL FALLOW/IDLELAND / CONSERVATION RESERVE SC/L 0.514 1.932 NS 30 days Broadcast Preplant/Postplant

CONIFERS (PLANTATIONS/NU RSERIES) SC/L 1.932 NS NS NS Frill, Girdle, Stump, Broadcast, Band , High volume spray, Tree injection

FOREST TREES (ALL OR UNSPECIFIED) SC/L 1.932 NS NS 1 year Frill, Girdle, Stump, Broadcast, Band, High volume spray, Tree injection
NONAGRICULTUR AL UNCULTIVATED AREAS/SOILS SC/L 1.932 1.932 1 NS Broadcast

PASTURE S SC/L 1.027 1.932 NS 30 day Broadcast; high volume dilute spray Preplant/Postplant

RANGELAND SC/L 1.027 1.932 NS 30 day Broadcast; high volume dilute spray Preplant/Postplant

SC

- Suspended ConcentratePage 10 of 111 L

- Liquid NS

- Not Specified

Table 2

. Label use inf ormation for TIPA

- salt of picloram (PC Code 005102 )

Use Site Formula tion Type Maximum Rate (lbs a.e./Acre) Max. No. of Apps / Year Min. App. Inter val Application Methods Comments Single Annual

AGRICULTU RAL FALLOW/IDL ELAND / CONSERVAT ION RESERVE EC/ SC/L 0. 282 1. 105 NS NS Broadcast, Spot treatment, high volume
spray Preplant/Postplant

CONIFERS (PLANTATIO NS/NURSERI ES) SC/L 1. 082 NS NS NS Band
treatment Thinning

FOREST TREES (ALL OR UNSPECIFIE D) RTU/ SC/ L 1. 082 2.064 lbs/100 gal 1.133 NS 1 year F rill , Girdle, Stump, Broadcast

, High volume
spray NONAGRICU LTURAL UNCULTIVAT ED AREAS/SOIL S RTU/EC/ SC/L 1.938

2.064 lb s/100 gal 1.133 NS 1 year F rill, Girdle, Stump, Broadcast

, High volume
spray Restricted from Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York

PASTURE S SC/L/EC 0.565

1.334 lb a.i./100 gallons 1.105 NS 30 day Broadcast; high volume dilute spray, spot treatment Preplant/Postplant

RANGELA ND SC/L/EC 0.565 1.334 lbs /100 gal 1.105 NS 30 day Broadcast; high volume dilute spray, spot treatment Preplant/Postp lant

ROOFS EC 0.665

2.23 lb / 100 gal NS NS NS Broadcast, high volume
spray Weed postemergence

RTU

– Ready to use EC

– Emulsifiable Concentrate SC

- Suspended Concentrate L

- Liquid NS

- Not Specified

Table 3

. Label use information for K

- salt of piclora m (PC Code 005104 )

Use Site Formula tion Type Max Rate (lbs a. e ./Acre) Max. No. of Apps
per Year Min. App. Interv

al Application Methods Comments Single Annual

AGRICULTU RAL FALLOW/IDL ELAND / CONSERVAT ION RESERVE EC/SC/L 1.029 NS NS 30 days Spot tre atment

FOREST TREES (ALL OR UNSPECIFIE D) EC/SC/L 1.029 NS NS NS Broadcast

NONAGRICU LTURAL UNCULTIVAT EC/ SC/L 1.029 1.029 NS NS Broadcast, Spot Restricted from Nassau and SuffolkPage 11 of 111 Use Site Formula tion Type Max Rate (lbs a. e ./Acre) Max. No. of Apps
per Year Min. App. Interv

al Application Methods Comments Single Annual

ED AREAS/SOIL S treatment, high volume
spray Counties, New York

PASTURE S EC/SC/L 1.029 1.029 NS NS Broadcast, Spot treatment, high volume
spray

RANGELA ND EC/SC/L 1.029 1.029 NS NS Broadcast, Spot treatment, high volume
spray RTU

– Ready to use EC

– Emulsifiable Concentrate SC

- Suspended Concentrate L

- Liquid NS

- Not Specifi ed



## 4. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

4.1. Ecological Risk Assessment

The last ecological risk assessment conducted on picloram and its associated salts was the 1995 RED (USEPA, 1995)

. The RED raised concerns for picloram’s risk of contamination o f ground and surface water and damage to terrestrial nontarget plants adjacent to areas of application via runoff and drift and possibly from more distant are a s where groundwater is used for irrigation water or discharged into surface water. 10 states had reported picloram detections in groundwater at the time of th is risk assessment. Risks were not assessed quantitatively for nontarget organisms exposed via irrigation water.

In March 1985, the Agency issued a Registration Standard for picloram. This docu ment required additional data and imposed a maximum level of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the technical product of 200 ppm. It also required testing for nitrosoamines. The sole registrant of picloram has complied with these requirements; no nitrosoamines wer e detected in picloram products (< 1 ppm) and the level of HCB, an impurity that results from the manufacturing process, has been certified to be less than 100 ppm. The picloram Final Reregistration Standard and Tolerance Reassessment (FRSTR) was issued 5/ 18/88.

Picloram and its two salts (as well as its ester , for which there currently are no active registrations ) were considered to be similar to each other in their biological and chemical characteristics in the environment and were not distinguished in t he fate review . The assessment noted the following data gaps for the TIPA and potassium salts: acute data for estuarine/marine fish, Tier 2 terrestrial seedling emergence and vegetative vigor for sensitive crops that had been reported in recent incident r eports including for watermelon, tobacco, potato, pasture, tomato,Page 12 of 111 bell pepper, and hay, Tier 2 aquatic plant toxicity studies and for the TIPA salt only, and a freshwater fish early life stage study. The requested Tier 2 terrestrial plant toxicity studie s on sensitive crops reported in incident reports were not submitted.

For aquatic animals, the RED determined that the endangered species LOC was exceeded for freshwater fish when the potassium salt was applied without incorporation and for estuarine/mari ne invertebrates when the TIPA salt was applied aerially ( Table 4 ) . For terrestrial animals, the mammalian listed species LOC was exceeded for both the TIPA and potassium salts regardless of application method. The listed and non

- listed terrestrial plan t LOCs were exceeded for al l application types and a.i.’s. The maximum EEC determined in the assessment was approximately 800 ppb for a ground application of picloram TIPA salt applied at 2.2 lbs ai/A without incorporation and with a shallow (6 inch deep) receiving body.

Table 4. Exceedances of the LOC from Picloram RED

Species Risk

Listed Non

- listed

Freshwater Fish 1 Yes 3 No Freshwater Invertebrates No No Estuarine/marine Fish 1 Yes 3 No Estuarine/marine Inverts Yes 4 No Aquatic Plants (vascular & no nvascular) No No Mammals Yes No Birds 2 No No Terrestrial Invertebrates No No Terrestrial Plants Yes Yes
1 Fish are considered surrogates for aquatic

- phase amphibians
2 Birds are considered surrogates for reptiles and terrestrial

- phase amphibians
3 Level s of concern were exceeded for endangered fish species for the potassium salt administered by ground application without incorporation only.
4 Levels of concern were exceeded for endangered estuarine/marine invertebrates only for the TIPA salt applied aeria lly.



### 4.2. **Drinking Water Exposure Assessments**

Characterization of drinking water exposure from surface water was addressed in the 1995 RED:

“Picloram has high potential to contaminate surface water by runoff from use areas. Regardless of the original chemical form, substantial quantities of the anion will be available for runoff for several months following application, considering its persistence in the environment. As indicated leaching will be the major route of dissipation from soil. Picloram that leaches into ground water may contaminate surface water in places where ground water discharges into surface water.”

Characterization of drinking water exposure from groundwater was also addressed in the 1995 RED:

“Considering the widespread use of picloram and the detections in many states, the Agency is concerned about degradation of water quality in picloram use areas. Despite aPage 13 of 111 specialized use pattern, eventual contamination of ground water is virtually certain in areas where residues persist in the overlying soil. Once in ground water, the chemical is unlikely to degrade even over a period of several years.”

A drinking water assessment will be needed for registration review that addresses picloram acid and the impurity, HCB

.



### 4.3. **Clean Water Act Programs**

Pic loram is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. No Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) criteria have been developed for picloram

. Aquatic benchmarks have been established fo r picloram and are available at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/ecorisk_ders/aquatic_life_benchmark.htm . Any data submitted or otherwise located as part of the registration revi ew process may be used to update aquatic life benchmarks if applicable.



## 5. Environmental Fate and Transport

Picloram acid and its salts, triisopropanolamine picloram (TIPA

- salt) and potassium picloram (K

- salt), are highly mobile and persistent in the en vironment in the form of the single chemical moiety, picloram. Picloram is prone to runoff and leaching with numerous monitoring detections in surface water and groundwater. The TIPA

- salt and K

- salt dissociate readily to picloram acid and the acid is pre sent in its anionic form at environmental pH (pKa = 2.3).

Table 5 . Chemical Structures Relevant to this Assessment TIPA

- salt of picloram

K

- salt of picloramPage 14 of 111 Picloram acid

Picloram is highly hydrophilic and non

- volatile with aqueous solubility of 430 ppm, Henry’s law constant of 3.0x10 - 12 atm

- m 3 /mol, and a log octanol

- to

- water partitioning coefficient of

- 1.92. Picloram acid is highly mobile with an estimated organic carbon adsorption coefficient of 7.2 L/kg o.c. and highly persistent to metaboli sm with aerobic soil metabolism half lives ranging from 167 days to 513 days in seven soils based on single first order kinetics

. Current NAFTA degradation kinetics procedures will be used to estimate half

- lives and subsequent input parameters in the regi stration review risk assessment. Picloram is stable to other forms of metabolism and hydrolysis. The only significant form of degradation for picloram is aqueous photolysis with a half

- life of 16 days at pH 5 . Major metabolites from aqueous photolysis i nclude oxamic acid and 3

- oxo

- beta

- alanine. Though not analyzed in terrestrial field dissipation studies, these degradates are not thought to persist in the environment as dissipation half

- lives of the parent are significantly longer than the aqueous photo lysis half

- life of the parent ( i.e. , the aqueous photolysis pathway is not significant in the environment) . Terrestrial field dissipation half

- lives average 140 days on bare ground and 211 days on grass with picloram consistently leaching to the deepest s ampled horizons in each study (36 to 60 inches).

Chemicals in the pyridine carboxylic acid family such as picloram have been associated with incidents involving exposure and effects from compost and manure with undegraded residues. Due to the prevalenc e of use of picloram on materials commonly used for compost and animal feed and the highly persistent nature of the compound, compost and manure represent complete exposure pathways to terrestrial plants. Chemicals in this family, including picloram, have also been associated with incidents involving exposure and effects from irrigation water with undegraded residues (see Section 6.3 ) . Due to the highly persistent nature of the compound in water, irrigation water using contaminated surface or ground water also represents a complete exposure pathway to terrestrial plants.

Table 6

. Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate Parameters of Picloram Acid
Parameter Value Description Source Selected Physical/Chemical Parameters Molecular mass (molecular formu la) 241.5 g/mol 432.6 g/mol 280.6 g/mol Picloram acid TIPA K

- salt Picloram RED

Log dissociation constant (pKa) 2.3 Strong acid ; Anionic form at environmental pH Footprint 1 : Accessed 9/2 6/13Page 15 of 111 Parameter Value Description Source Vapor pressure (25°C) 6.3*10 - 7 torr Non

- volatile MRID 45645503 Aqueous solubility (2 5 ° C) 430 ppm 218 ppm Picloram acid TIPA salt

Moderately soluble Picloram RED MRID 45787203

Henry’s Law Constant (2 5 °C) 3.0 x10 - 12 atm

- m 3 /mol Non

- volatile Footprint 1 : Accessed 9 / 1 6/13 Log octanol

- to

- water partition coefficient (log K OW ) - 1.92 Hydrophilic Footprint 1 : Accessed 9/16/13

Persistence Hydrolysis half

- life (20 ° C) Stable Footprint 1 : Accessed 9/16/13 Aqueous photolysis half

- life 16 day UV

- filtered Xenon arc lamp used , 25 ° C, pH 5 MRID 46027501

Aerobic soil metabolism half

life (25°C) 383 days ( loamy sand ) 5 13 days ( sandy loam ) 171 days (silt loam) 167 days (loam) 429 days (loam) 412 days (clay) 190 days (silt loam) Single first order estimates

Input parameter = 402 days (USEPA, 2002a) MRID 128976

Anaerobic soil metabolis m half

life (25°C) Stable MRID 128976

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism half

- life ( 25 ° C) Stable MRID 128976

Mobility
Freundlich soil

- water partition coefficients (K F ); organic carbon

- normalized Freundlich coefficients (K FOC ) 0. 14 L/kg; 7.2 L/kg OC Highly Mobi le Footprint 1 : Accessed 9/16/13

Field DissipationPage 16 of 111 Parameter Value Description Source Terrestrial field dissipation half

life; field cover California 278 day s ; bareground 135 days; grass plot

--- North Carolina 108 days; bareground 104 days; grass plot

--- Montana 256 days ± 37 days from 4 tests; grass and herbaceous groundcover

--- Texas 34 days; bareground MRID 42579002

--- MRID 42579001

--- MRID 42535302 MRID 42558302

--- MRID 40059801

Forest dissipation half

- life Washington 123 days; bareground 34 days; unexposed soil MRID 42579003

1

- http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/footprint/index2.htm

An aerobic aquatic metabolism study has not been submitted but it is not expected to impact risk conclusions in the registration revie w risk assessment given current aquatic toxicity data

. PRZM/EXAMs was run assuming an aerobic aquatic metabolism of 100 days, 429 days , and stability ( Table 7 )

. The use scenario assumed was 1.9 kg a.i./ha with 1 applicati on.

Table 7 . EECs Demonstrating I mpact of Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Dat a Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 1 in 10 year peak, 21

- day and 60

- day EEC range in μg/L Stable with K OC of 13 49

- 51 Stable with K OC of 0 52

- 55 429 days K OC of 13 12

- 15 100 days K OC of 13 3

- 7

The low toxicity endpoi nts and LOC s to consider for water are acute 96

- hr LC50 of 5.5 mg/L for fish (5500 μg/L x LOC 0.05 = 275 μg/L), 2.61 mg/L for plants ( 2610 μg/L x LOC 1 = 2610 μg/L), and a NOAEC for fish of 0.55 mg/L (550 μg/L LOC=1). These results indicate that whether aerobic aquatic metabolism is considered stable or within the range that might be observed based on aerobic soil metabolism data, the risk assessment will not be affected given current data

. T he submission of more sensitive aquatic toxicity data may intro duce an endpoint that would be impacted by aerobic aquatic metabolism data. However, the new data would need to be at least 5x more sensitive than any currently available data in order for risk conclusions to be impacted by aerobic aquatic metabolism data

.Page 17 of 111 

## 6. Receptors

Tables 8 through 1 3 provide a summary of the aquatic and terrestrial taxonomic groups, and the most sensitive surrogate species tested to characterize the potential acute and chronic ecological effects of picloram and its associated salts

. In addition, the tables provide a preliminary overview of the potential acute toxicity of picloram and its associated salts by providing the acute toxicity classifications. Toxicity endpoint values for the TIPA and K salts have been converted to picloram ac id equivalents to facilitate comparison between the different forms and these values will be used in the risk
assessment. Based on the available ecotoxicity information, picloram and its associated salts are slightly to moderately acutely toxic to estuari ne/marine and freshwater fish and slightly toxic to practically non

- toxic to freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates. For aquati c plants, the TIPA salt appears to be more toxic to vascular plants than to non

vascular plants, but for the potassium sal t, the most sensitive aquatic plant taxa were freshwater diatoms. For terrestrial animals, the available data indicate that picloram and its associated salts are practically non

- toxic to all taxa. As expected for an herbicide, picloram’s end

- use products appear particularly toxic to terrestrial plants. Additional detail is included in the following tables. No information is available on the toxicity of the major metabolites oxamic acid and 3

- oxo

- beta

- alanine. However, as described above in Section 5, th ese degradates are not expected to persist in the environment.



### 6.1. **Effects to Aquatic Organisms**

Table 8

. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Aquatic Toxicity Studies for Picloram acid (PC Code 005101)

Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/ TEP %ai Surro gate Species Toxicity Value (95% Confidence Interval) Acute Toxicity Classification Source

Freshwater fish 1 Acute TGAI 92.9% Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 96

- hr LC 50 = 5.5 mg ae/L (5.2

— 5.8) Nominal Moderately toxic MRID 00112016

Chronic (Early Lif e

Stage) TGAI 93.8% Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 60

- D NOAEC = 0.55 mg a.i./L LOAEC = 0.88 mg ae./L Endpoint: Length & Weight N/A MRID 00151784

Freshwater invertebrates Acute TGAI 90% Water Flea ( Daphnia magna ) 48

- hr EC 50 = 34.4 mg ae/L (31.0

— 37. 8) Nominal Slightly toxic MRID 00141979Page 18 of 111 Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/ TEP %ai Surro gate Species Toxicity Value (95% Confidence Interval) Acute Toxicity Classification Source

Chronic TGAI 90% Water Flea ( Daphnia magna ) 21

- D NOAEC = 11.8 mg ae/L LOAEC = 18.1 mg ae/L Endpoint: Mean brood size/adult & total young/adult Mean

- Measured N/A MRID 00151783

Estuarine/marine fish Acute

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Chronic

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Estuarine/marine invertebrates Acute

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Chronic

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Acute

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Aquatic plants and algae Vascular

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Non

vascular TGAI 93.4% Green Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 96

- Hr EC 50 = 34.9 mg ae/L (33.1

— 36.9) NOAEC = 18 mg ae/L Nominal N/A MRID 00155937

1 Freshwater fish are surrogates for aquatic

- phase amphibians.

Table 9 . Summary of the Most Sensitive End points from Aquatic To xicity Studies for Picloram TIPA salt (PC Code 005102 )

Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TE P % Picloram ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (95% Confidence Interval) Acute Toxicity Classificati

on Source

Freshwater fish 1 Acute

-- No Da ta No Data N/A

--

Chronic (Early Life

Stage) TEP 5.9% ae Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas 32

- D NOAEC = 4.02 mg ae/L LOAEC = 6.65 mg ae/L Mean

- measured Endpoint: Survival N/A MRID 43959504Page 19 of 111 Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TE P % Picloram ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (95% Confidence Interval) Acute Toxicity Classificati

on Source

Freshwater invertebrates Acute

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Chr onic

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Estuarine/marine fish Acute TEP 5.4% ae Inland silverside Menidia beryllina 96

- hr LC 50 = 31.6 mg ae/L ( 19.89

— 33.07 ) Slightly toxic MRID 43959503

Chronic

-- No Data 60

- D NOAEC = 3.16 mg ae/L N/A ACR 2

Estuarine/marine inver tebrates Acute TEP 10.3% Eastern oyster Crassostrea virgninica 5.59 < 48

- hr EC 50 < 10.06 mg ae/L Nominal Moderately toxic MRID 00129074

Acute TEP 10.3% Pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum 96

- hr EC 50 = 171mg ae/L Practically

non

- toxic MRID 00129074

Chronic

-- Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virgninica 21

- D NOAEC = 1.90 mg ae/L N/A ACR 3

Aquatic plants and algae Non

vascular TEP 10.2% Green Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 120

- Hr EC 50 = 130 mg ae/L (1 00

— 170.4 ) 120

- Hr NOAEC = 10.3 mg ae/L Mean

- measured N/A M RID 41407701

Non

vascular TEP 10.2% Freshwater diatom Navicula pelliculosa 120

- Hr EC 50 = 223 mg ae/L ( 179

— 279 ) NOAEC = 145 mg ae/L N/A MRID 43230303

Non

vascular TEP 5.4% ae Blue

- green algae Anabaena flos

- aquae 120

- Hr EC 50 = 352 mg ae/L ( 315

— 404 ) NOA EC = 31mg ae/L N/A MRID 43230309

Vascular TEP 5.4% ae Duckweed Lemna gibba 14

- D EC 50 = 2.61 mg ae/L ( 1.45

— 4.70 ) NOAEC = 0.13 mg ae/L N/A MRID 43230312

1 Freshwater fish are considered a surrogate for aquatic

- phase amphibians
2 For estuarine/marine fish, an ACR of 10 was derived from the picloram acid acute and chronic freshwater fish data and applied to the acute picloram TIPA salt estuarine/marine fish endpoint to generate a chronic NOAEC value.
3 For estuarine/marine invertebrates, an ACR of 2.92 was d erived from the picloram acid acute and chronic daphnid data and applied to the lower bound of the picloram TIPA salt eastern oyster acute endpoint to generate a chronic NOAEC value.Page 20 of 111 Table 10

. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Aquatic To xicity Studies for Picloram K salt (PC Code 005104 )

Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/ TEP %ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (95% Confidence Interval) Acute Toxicity Classifica tion Source

Freshwater fish 1 Acute TEP 24

. 4 % Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 96

- Hr LC 50 = 2 2

. 4 mg ae/L Nominal Slightly Toxic MRID 00129072

Chronic (Early Life

Stage) -- No Data No Data N/A

--

Freshwater invertebrates Acute TGAI 88.6% Water flea Daphnia magna 48

- hr EC 50 > 86 mg ae/L Practically

non

- toxic MRID 00129077

Chronic

-- N o Data No Data N/A

--

Estuarine/marine fish Acute TEP 24.1% (20.8% ae) Sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegates 96

- hr LC 50 > 1 13 mg ae/L Mean

- measured Practically

non

- toxic MRID 43959502

Chronic

-- No Data 60

- D NOAEC > 11

. 3 ppm N/A ACR 2

Estuarine/marin e invertebrates Acute TEP 24.9% Eastern oyster Crassostrea virgninica 1 5 < 48

- hr EC 50 < 28 mg ae/L Nominal Slightly toxic MRID 00129073

Acute TEP 24.9 Pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum 96

- hr EC 50 = 1 08 mg ae/L ( 98

— 1 19 ) Practically

non

- toxic MRID 00129073

Chronic

-- Eastern oyster Crassostrea virgninica 21

- D NOAEC = 5.3 mg ae/L N/A ACR 3

Aquatic plants and algae Non

vascular TEP 35.2% Green Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 120

- Hr EC 50 = 56 mg ae/L (4 1

— 77 ) 120

- Hr NOAEC = 1 1

. 3 mg ae/L Mean

- measured N/A M RID 41407702

Non

vascular TEP 27.9% (24.1% ae) Freshwater diatom Navicula pelliculosa 120

- Hr EC 50 = 3. 2 mg ae/L ( 2.7

— 3.7 ) 120

- Hr NOAEC < 0. 84 mg ae/L Mean

- measured N/A MRID 43230302

Non

vascular TEP 27.9% (24.1% ae) Blue

- green algae Anabaena flos

- aqua e 120

- Hr EC 50 = 5 04 mg ae/L ( 462

— 558 ) 120

- Hr NOAEC = 3 36 mg ae/L Mean

- measured N/A MRID 43230308Page 21 of 111 Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/ TEP %ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (95% Confidence Interval) Acute Toxicity Classifica tion Source

Vascular TEP 27.9% (24.1% ae) Duckweed Lemna gibba 14

- D EC 50 = 82.3 mg ae/L ( 6 5

-- 1 07 ) 14

- D NOAEC = 43.5 mg ae/L Measured (0

- hr) N/A MRID 43230311

1 Freshwa ter fish are considered surrogates for aquatic

- phase amphibians.
2 For estuarine/marine fish, an ACR of 10.0 was derived from the picloram acid acute and chronic freshwater fish data and applied to the picloram potassium salt estuarine/marine nondefinitive acute endpoint to generate a chronic NOAEC value.
3 For estuarine/marine invertebrates, an ACR of 2.92 was derived from the picloram acid acute and chronic daphnid data and applied to the lower bound of the picloram potassium salt eastern oyster acute en dpoint to generate a chronic NOAEC value.

Based on the above toxicity data , the acid and potassium salt have similar acute toxicity to freshwater fish while picloram acid is approximately an order of magnitude more toxic to freshwater fish on a chronic b asis than the TIPA salt. A study with coho salmon (MRID 45205107 ) using the potassium salt had a slightly more sensitive LC 50 of 15.1 mg ae/L compared to the rainbow trout study , but was considered qualitatively supplemental since the exposure was only f or 24 hours. No acute freshwater fi sh data is available for the TIPA salt and no chronic freshwater fis h data is available for the potassium salt. The two salts have a similar low acute toxicity to estuarine/marine fish

. The lack of chronic saltwater fi sh data for the acid or either salt is considered a data gap, however an ACR from picloram acid’s acute and chronic rainbow trout endpoints can be applied to the saltwater acute fish data for both salts and results in NOAECs that are higher than the

max imu m EECs predicted from the RED. Additionally, the acute data indicate that freshwater fish are more sensitive than saltwater fish. Therefore, the weight of evidence indicates it is unlikely that additional data would add significant value to the risk

asse ssment.

Picloram acid and the potassium salt both exhibited low acute toxicity to freshwater invertebrates, with no data available for the TIPA salt. The only chronic data available for picloram’s effects to freshwater invertebrates is for the acid which showed a reduction in reproduction (mean brood size/adult and total young/adult) at 18.1 mg ae/L

. Although no data was available for picloram acid’s effects to estuarine/marine invertebrates, the TIPA and potassium salts had similar acute toxicity to bot h the eastern oyster and pink shrimp. In the absence of additional data, a n ACR from picloram acid’s acute and chronic daphnid endpoints will be applied to the lower bound of the most sensitive acute estuarine/marine invertebrate endpoint s to derive a chr onic endpoint for estuarine/marine invertebrates for both the TIPA and potassium salts. This approach yields NOAECs that are higher than the maximum EECs predicted from the RED. Therefore, it is unlikely that additional data would add significant value t o the risk assessment.

For aquatic plants, green algae was more sensitive to picloram acid compared to the two salts. Vascular plants were approximately two orders of magnitude more sensitive thanPage 22 of 111 non

- vascular plants to the TIPA salt while for the pota ssium salt the freshwater diatom was 1

- 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive than other aquatic plant taxa. Data are missing for effects of either the acid or salts to marine diatoms. This is considered a major data gap for the TIPA salt, since the freshw ater diatom was much more sensitive than the other aquatic plant taxa to this salt , but data are not required for either the acid or the potassium salt

.



### 6.2. **Effects to Terrestrial Organisms**

Table 11 . S ummary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Terrestrial Toxicity Studies for Picloram acid (PC Code 005101) Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TEP %ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in

terms of measured

active ingredient) Acute Toxicity Classifica tion Source

Birds 1 Acute 93.8% Mallard Duck ( Anas pl atyrhynchos ) LD 50 > 2510 mg/kg

- bw Practically

non

- toxic MRID 00157173

Acute oral

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Sub

- acute dietary -- No Data No Data N/A

--

Chronic

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Mammals Acute Oral TGAI 94.1% Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicu s ) LD 50 = 4,012 mg/kg (females) Practically

non

- toxic MRID 40479413

Acute Inhalation TGAI 94.1% Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 4

- Hr LC 50 > 0.035 mg/L I MRID 40479415

Subchronic Feeding TGAI 92% Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 13

- Wk NOEL: 50
mg /kg/d LOEL: 150 mg/kg/d ay Endpoints: liver weight increases and changes in the liver N/A MRID 00110537Page 23 of 111 Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TEP %ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in

terms of measured

active ingredient) Acute Toxicity Classifica tion Source

Chronic (2

- Generation Reproduction) TGAI 94.1% Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) NOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day LOAEL = 1000 mg/kg /day Endpoints: lesions in ki dneys, blood in urine, decreased urine specific gravity, increased kidney weights N/A MRID 40834301

Terrestrial Invertebrates Acute contact TEP % ai unknown Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. ) 48

- hr LD 50 > 14.5 μg/bee Practically

non

- toxic MRID 00036935

Terr estrial plants 2 Seedling Emergence -- Monocot

– No Data No Data N/A

--

-- Dicot

– No Data No Data N/A

--

Vegetative Vigor -- Monocot

– No Data No Data N/A

--

-- Dicot

– tomato No Data N/A

--

1 Birds are considered a surrogate for terrestrial pha se amphibians and reptiles

Table 12 . Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Terrestrial Toxicity Studies for Picloram TIPA salt (PC Code 005102 ) Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TEP % Picloram ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in

terms o f measured

active ingredient) Acute Toxicity Classification Source

Birds 1 Acute oral

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Acute oral

-- No Data No Data N/A

--Page 24 of 111 Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TEP % Picloram ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in

terms o f measured

active ingredient) Acute Toxicity Classification Source

Sub

- acute dietary TEP 10.2% Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) & Bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus) 8

- D LC 50 > 5600 mg

ae /kg/d Practically

non

- toxic MRIDs 00129069 00129071

Chronic

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Mammals Acute Oral TEP 33.9 % ae Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 14

- D LD 50 > 2,8 00 mg

ae /kg Practically

non

- toxic MRID 41381201

Acute Inhala tion TEP 33.9% ae Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 4

- Hr LC 50 > 0.04 mg ae /L II MRID 4138120 3

Sub

chronic Feeding TEP 34 % ae Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 13

- Wk NOAEL = 50
mg ae /kg/d L OAEL = 300
mg ae /kg/d ay Endpoints: increased liver weights, he patocellular hypertrophy and increased kidney weights in males only N/A MRID 41442701

Terrestrial Invertebrates Acute
contact TEP 5.68% ae Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. ) 48

- hr LD 50 > 56 μg ae /bee Practically

non

- toxic 41366901

Terrestrial plants 2 Seedli ng Emergence -- Monocot

– No Data No Data N/A

--

-- Dicot

– No Data No Data N/A

--

Vegetative Vigor -- Monocot

– No Data No Data N/A

--

-- Dicot

– tomato No Data N/A

--

1 Birds are considered a surrogate for terrestrial phase amphibians and rept ilesPage 25 of 111 Table 13

. Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Terrestrial Toxicity Studies for Picloram K salt (PC Code 00510 4 ) Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TEP %ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in

terms of measured

active ingredient) Acu te Toxicity Classification Source

Birds 1 Acute oral

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Acute oral

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Sub

- acute dietary TEP 24.4% ae 11.6 % ae Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) & Bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus) 8

- D LC 50 > 8,600 mg

a e /kg Practically

non

- toxic MRIDs 00129068 001 12978

Chronic

-- No Data No Data N/A

--

Mammals Acute Oral TEP 38.8% Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 14

- D LD 50 = 3048 mg

ae /kg (females) Practically

non

- toxic 40479401

Acute Inhalation TEP 38.8% Laborat ory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) 4

- Hr LC 50 > 1.41 mg ae /L -- 40479403

Terrestrial Invertebrates Acute
contact TEP 30.4% ae Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. ) 48

- hr LD 50 > 86 μg ae /bee Practically

non

- toxic 4136690 2

Terrestrial plants 2 Seedling Emergence TEP 24.1 % Monocot

– Wheat Triticum aestivum EC 25 = 0.082 lbs ae /A (0.053

— 0.13 ) NOAEC = 0.027 lbs

ae /A N/A MRID 43959505

TEP 24.1% Dicot

– Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) EC 25 = 0.0066 lbs

ae /A (0.0047

— 0.095 ) NOAEC = 0.0034 lbs

ae /A N/A MRID 43959505Page 26 of 111 Taxonomic

Group Study Type TGAI/TEP %ai Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in

terms of measured

active ingredient) Acu te Toxicity Classification Source

Vegetative Vigor TEP 25.2% Monocot

– Wheat ( Triticum sestivum ) EC 25 = 0.028 lbs ae /A EC 05 = 0.0035 lbs

ae /A N/A MRID 44156701

TEP 25.2% Dicot

– T omato (Solanum lycopersicum ) EC 25 = 0.00016 lbs

ae /A NOAEC = 0.000026 lbs

ae /A N/A MRID 44156701

1 Birds are consid ered a surrogate for terrestrial phase amphibians and reptiles

. Picloram acid is considered practically non

- toxic to birds on an acute oral basis. Though no acute oral data is available for the salts, both salts are practically non

- toxic on an acute diet ary basis. There is no data for the effects of picloram acid or its salts to passerine birds. Passerine bird species can frequently be more sensitive than upland and waterfowl bird species. Since sublethal effects including loss of coordination, lower limb weakness and lethargy occurred at the lowest treatment level (398 mg a.i./kg) in the acute oral study (MRID 00157173 ) with piclo ram acid and treatment related mortalities occurred in the bobwhite dietary study (MRID 00129068 ) with the potassium salt, the lack of a sub acute oral passerine study is considered a major data gap. No acceptable chronic data for birds was available for picloram acid or either salt. This is also considered a major data gap.

Picloram acid and both salts are considered practi cally non

- toxic to mammals on an acute oral basis. Acute inhalation studies with the rat resulted in non

- definitive (>) endpoints for the acid and both salts. On a subchronic basis, picloram acid had similar toxic ity to
rats as the TIPA salt. On a chroni c basis, exposure to picloram acid resulted in increased incidence of microscopic lesions in male (and some female) kidneys, blood in urine, decreased urine specific gravity, and increased absolute & relative kidney weights at 1000 mg a.i./kg.

Picloram ac id and both salts were also practically non

- toxic on an acute contact basis to the honey bee.

Quantitatively acceptable data on the effects of picloram to terrestrial plants was only available for the potassium salt. Although a previous seedling emerge nce and vegetative vigor study was considered supplemental and had been used to support the registration of the TIPA salt (MRID 41296501 ) , this study does not provide quantitatively acceptable data since a NOAEC could not be achieved for several species

, h eight data was not collected and only three replicates were used which prohibits the accurate extrapolationPage 27 of 111 of an EC 05
. The study may only be utilized qualitatively to characterize risk. The lack of quantitatively acceptable terrestrial plant data with th e TIPA salt is a major data gap.

A number of end

- use products contain picloram in combination with another herbicide ( i.e. 2,4

- D, dicamba, fluroxypyr and/or triclopyr). Since these products are labeled for aerial application, there exists the potential f or spray drift to non

- target plants. Therefore, these data are needed to conduct a risk assessment:

• Terrestrial plant vegetative vigor (850.4150) and seedling emergence (850.4100) tests using the most sensitive dicot and monocot species: tomato, drybean, soybean, onion and wheat using TEP. For the preceding studies where we are requesting data on TEP, data are needed on a representative product that contains both picloram and the additional ai(s). When there are multiple products with dual active ingredie nts, as is the case for the picloram and 2,4

- D a.i.’s, the representative TEP used is normally the product with the highest percentages of active ingredient and/or is expected to result in the highest toxicity.

EFED conducted an analysis comparing the to xicity of formulations containing either picloram K salt or 2,4

- D TIPA salt with multi

- ai data from formulations containing both picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D TIPA salt in order to see if the combination of multiple herbicides had enhanced toxicity (Appendi x B )

. For taxa where data was available on these three formulations (including aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates and fish), there was no evidence of enhanced toxicity from the picloram and 2,4

- D TIPA salts mixture. However, no data was available for the effect of formulations solely containing one active ingredient of2,4

- D TIPA salt on terrestrial plants. In this case, EFED used 2,4

- D DMA salt as a comparison, which was identified as the most toxic 2,4

- D salt to dicots in the 2013 2,4

- D Problem Formu lation (USEPA, 2013). The most sensitive terrestrial plant species for which data was available for both picloram salts and 2,4

- D DMA salt was the tomato. Since no quantitatively acceptable information was available for the picloram TIPA salt formulation (co

- formulated with 2,4

- D TIPA salt), the analysis was conducted using a qualitatively acceptable study (MRID 41296501). The tomato was an order of magnitude more sensitive to the picloram/2

- 4 D TIPA salts formulation than to the picloram K salt formulat ion and 4 orders of magnitude more sensitive than to the 2,4

- D DMA salt formulation. This indicates that there is potential for additive or synergistic effects from formulations containing picloram and an additional herbicide.



### 6.3. **Ecological Incidents**

A review on August 28, 2013 of the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS, version 2.1.1), which is maintained by the Agency’s Office of Pesticide Programs, indicates a total of 56 reported ecological incidents in the United States associated with the use of the picloram acid and salt active ingredients (summarized by certainty in Table 14 with a more thorough listing by date and location in Appendix C ). 51 of the reported incidents associated with picloram involved damage to terrestrial plants and ap pear to be crop damage. At least 10 of these terrestrial plant incidents were due to exposure ofPage 28 of 111 nontarget plants from spray drift. Five of the reported incidents associated with picloram involved fish kills. The certainty categories 1 regarding the like lihood that the use of picloram caused the 56 incidents ranged from Unlikely (1 incident

, 2 %) , Possible (26 incidents, 46 %), P robable ( 26 incidents

, 4 6% ) and Highly Probable ( 3 incidents, 5 %)

. At least 42 of the reported incidents (75.0%) have occurred s ince the time of the RED (1995). 11 (20%) of the incident reports did not have information regarding the date of occurrence, therefore it is unclear in those cases whether they occurred before the time of the RED or are more recent. Three reported incide nts may have involved the use of irrigation water and an additional three more were reported showing residues in compost as the potential cause of the incident. A more thorough discussion of the aquatic incidents, irrigation water incidents and composting incidents is provided below.

Table 14. Summary of ecological i ncidents associated with picloram use, by certainty

Incident Type Use Type Certainty All (excluding unlikely) Unlikely Possible Probable Highly Probable
Aquatic ( Misuse ) 2 2 (Regist ered Use) 2 1 1 (Unknown) 1 1 Plants Agricult ural Site (M isuse) 11 6 4 1 Agricultural Site ( Registered Use ) 28 1 10 17

A gricultural Site (Unknown ) 12 7 4 1

Total 56 1 26 26 3

Aquatic Incidents

In 1989, in Montana (I000046

- 001), thousan ds of trout at a fish hatchery were killed after Tordon (containing picloram potassium salt) was sprayed by a road crew 1⁄4 mile upstream from the hatchery, followed by heavy rain. Residues of picloram in vegetation near the road found 0.12 ppm picloram. T he certainty of injury being attributed to the fish in this incident as a result of picloram use was categorized as probable and the legality was considered a registered use of picloram.

1 The Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) used by EPA to store incident data relies on the following certainty indices:

• Highly Probable : (resid ues detected in affected organisms and other lines of evidence support cause)

• Probable : (residues were not measured or the measured residues were not sufficient to be considered toxic, but pesticide was used in close proximity and would be capable of exert ing such an effect)

• Possible : multiple pesticides were used in close proximity and any of them are capable of causing such an effect.

• Unlikely: there are no measured residues and the observed effects are not consistent with those caused by pesticides use d in the area or there was no pesticide use known in the area.

• Unrelated: effects observed in the incident are unrelated to pesticide use.Page 29 of 111 In 1994 ( Incident I001616

- 001; location not reported) , trees were treated with Access Herbicide (containing picloram) near a pond. One fish (species not reported) was found dead in the pond. No residue information was provided, but the incident was considered of high probability and the legality was considered a regis tered use.

Incident I003325

- 001 (location and date not reported) was a report indicating that Tordon 22K (containing picloram potassium salt) was used as a surface/spot treatment with a roadside sprayer and two days later there was a fish kill in an adjac ent pond consisting of two dead brown trout and 103 dead rainbow trout. The certainty that picloram caused this incident was considered possible and the legality of the use was considered an accidental misuse.

In 1997, in Oklahoma (I 006139

- 001), it was r eported that there was a fish kill of an unknown number of four fish species (bass, catfish, crappie and perch) after an application of a pesticide containing picloram and 2,4

- D and following run

- off from a heavy rain into a half acre pond. The grass arou nd the pond was also affected and reported to be dying. The certainty that picloram caused this incident was considered possible and the legality was not determined.

In 1998, in Texas (I007873

- 001), 300 fish were reported to have died three to four wee ks after Tordon had been sprayed on weeds near a pond and following a heavy rain. The species of fish was not reported. The certainty that picloram caused this incident was considered possible and the legality of the use was considered an accidental misu se.

As several of these incidents do not describe the timing between pesticide application and resulting fish kill, it is possible that some of these incidents were a result of plant damage leading to decay and subsequent lower dissolved oxygen concentra tions in water, though this may be unlikely for Incident I003325

- 001, where fish died so shortly (2 days) after pesticide application.

Irrigation Water Incidents

Incident I001458

- 001 (location and date not reported) was a report indicating that Tordon 2 2K (containing picloram potassium salt) was applied on weeds near a well. The well water was subsequently used to irrigate 90 acres of potatoes, which were injured. The certainty of injury being attributed to the non

- target plants in this incident as a r esult of picloram use was categorized as probable and the legality of the use was not determined.

In 1998, in Virginia (I008451

- 001) tobacco plants were reportedly injured after irrigation from a pond. The landowner reported that an application of picl oram to a transmission right

- of

- way had been made in 1974 and caused a large degree of non

- target plant injury and death (primarily tuliptrees). The landowner built a pond in the drainage leading from the right

- of

- way in 1984. When he irrigated his tobacc o from that pond, the tobacco was stunted or killed. In 1998, the landowner irrigated from a pond uphill from the original pond which had tested clear at the time of the 1984 planting. However, this pond was pumped low and towards the end of the season t he landowner’s tobacco plants werePage 30 of 111 injured following application of irrigation water. Residues in the pond and spring water showed picloram to be present in concentrations from 1

— 3.71 ppb. The certainty of injury being attributed to the non

- target plants in this incident as a result of picloram use was categorized as probable and the original use was considered a registered use of picloram.

Incident I004352

- 001 was reported in Oklahoma (date of incident not reported) where Tordon 101 was applied to a r ailroad right

- of

- way, but accidentally to a section where picloram entered a water source used to irrigate five acres of greenhouses growing a variety of potted plants including 50,000 poinsettas which were all damaged. Samples of the water used for irriga tion indicated picloram in concentrations from 3

— 28 ppb. The certainty of injury being attributed to the non

- target plants as a result of picloram use was categorized as highly probable. The legality of the use was considered an accidental misuse.

Com posting Incidents

In 2000, in Washington (I010624

- 001), home gardeners reported non

- target plant injuries associated with the distribution of compost by Washington State University. Tordon 101 Mixture containing picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D was used on U niversity fields and the resulting harvested hay was fed to cattle. Manure from the cattle contained picloram residues and residues were also detected in soil samples from home gardens where the compost was applied

. It was considered unlikely that damage to the non

- target plants could be attributed to the 2,4

- D use, but the certainty of injury being attributed to the non

target plants as a result of picloram use was considered probable. The legality of the use was considered a registered use.

In 2007, in Texas (I018930

- 031), an incident was reported where Grazon (picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D) allegedly caused injury to 2 acres of cantelope, watermelon, onion, tomatoes and peppers to the point where these crops could not produce fruits. Manure from hor ses fed hay previously treated with Grazon was composted and used for fertilizer in an organic production system. The manure was composted, applied to the field and incorporated with tillage equipment. The incident report cites that label directions were not followed in this case. However, there was apparent ly no way for the organic grower to know that Grazon had been used on the hay that was fed to the horses prior to the grower obtaining manure and composting. The certainty of injury being attributed to the

non

- target plants as a result of picloram use was considered possible. The legality of the use was considered an accidental misuse.

In 2007, in Virginia (I018677

- 001), an incident was reported where mulch containing picloram residues was applied to a field and resulted in damage to 10 acres of crops (tomato, potato and squash). Plant samples showed detections of the herbicide. The certainty of injury being attributed to the non

- target plants as a result of picloram use was considered highly pro bable. The legality of the use was not determined.Page 31 of 111 

## 7. Exposure Pathways of Concern

The environmental fate properties and use patterns of picloram indicate that direct spray onto food residues , spray drift, leaching to ground water

, and runoff represent po tential transport mechanisms of picloram to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Due to picloram’s persisten ce , picloram may be transported in the environment in compost (either from composted vegetation or manure). Finally, picloram may be present in surf ace water or groundwater used as irrigation water.

Drinking water and inhalation exposure pathways were screened using the SIP (Screening Imbibition Program) and STIR (Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk) screening methods . Drinking water was found to be a potential exposure pathway of concern (LOC exccedances are expected) on an acute basis for birds, but not mammals. SIP and STIR are described in detail at: http://www.epa.gov/oppef ed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm

.

The Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR v.1.0) was used to assess the potential for risk to birds and mammals through inhalation exposure. The exposure pathways that are assessed by this tool include both droplet i nhalation and vapor

- phase inhalation. STIR, used in the problem formulation phase, is intended to determine if exposure is likely and not whether the potential for risk exists. If STIR predicts that exposure is likely, additional inhalation data may be nec essary to adequately assess risk due to the inhalation exposure pathway. Based on STIR analysis, inhalation is not considered likely to be a significant route of exposure for birds and mammals (see Appendix D for STIR inputs and outputs). It should be note d that the mammalian inhalation LC 50 s for picloram acid and both salts were all non

- definitive (>) values.

The Screening Imbi bi tion Program (SIP 1.0, Released June 15, 2010) was used to calculate an upper bound estimate of exposure using picloram’s solub ility in water (430 mg/L), the most sensitive acute and chronic avian toxicity endpoints (mallard acute LD 50 of 2510, no chronic NOAEC available) and the most sensitive acute and chronic mammalian toxicity endpoints (female Laboratory Rat acute LD 50 of 353 6 for picloram potassium salt and Rat chronic NOAEL of 200 mg/kg

- bw). Drinking water exposure alone was not determined to be a potential pathway of concern for mammalian species on either an acute or chronic basis. Although drinking water exposure alone does not appear to be of concern, this does not take into account that when aggregated with other exposure pathways (dietary food sources, dermal, inhalation) drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has a potential for effects on non

- target animals and should be explored further. Because there is a high degree of conservatism in the SIP 1.0 exposure estimate , there is limited expectation that use scenarios not triggering a SIP 1.0 concern would contribute significantly to aggregate risks fro m water plus diet when a refined water exposure model is incorporated in the actual quantitative risk assessment. Detailed information about SIP v1.0, as well as the tool, can be found on the EPA’s website at http:www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_pg.htm#terrestrial

.Page 32 of 111 However, drinking water exposure alone was determined to be a potential pathway of concern for avian species on an acute basis and data was insufficient to evaluate whether drinking water exposure is a potential pathway of concern for avian species on a chronic basis. This pathway will be explored further with the development of SIP v.2.0 in the Ecological Risk Assessment for Picloram. The chronic avian da ta expected to be requested in the DCI will also be used in this assessment of drinking water exposure. For a sample of the output generated by SIP v.1.0, please see Appendix D

.

Consistent with what has been noted in the RED , residues of picloram in su rface or ground water and the ir use for irrigation could result in potential injury to nontarget plants because of the compound's persistence . Analysis of the incident data supports the possibility that irrigation water is a viable exposure pathway. This pathway will be explored further in the Ecological Risk Assessment for Picloram by calculating the amount of irrigated water needed to exceed the available terrestrial plant endpoints on an acre of land using the expected environmental concentrations in s urface and ground
water.

Analysis of the incident data also support the possibility that compost, whether through application of composted plant materials containing picloram residues or manure from horses or cows fed such plant material, may also be a viable exposure pathway and could result in potential injury to nontarget plants because of the compound’s persistence

. Exposure to aquatic organisms is likely to occur, and may affect both fish and invertebrates. Exposure may occur via ingestion or upt ake through the gills and/or integument. Aquatic plants are also expected to be exposed via direct contact or vascular uptake.


## 8. Analysis Plan

**8.1. Stressors of Concern** 

8.1.1. Ecological Risk Assessment

Due to the persistence of picloram, the stressor of concern i s the parent compound only as acid equivalents across the three picloram moieties. Although no data is available for the environmental degradation of the two salts to picloram acid, it is expected that they will readily be converted to picloram acid.

8.1.2. Dr inking Water

The drinking water assessments conducted to support the registration review human health risk assessments of picloram will address the parent compound only as acid equivalents across the three picloram moieties in surface and ground waters. Picloram is likely to be found in groundwater and surface water due to its persistence and high mobility

. The formulation impurity, HCB, will be assessed separately in a screening level approach.Page 33 of 111 

### 8.2. **Measures of Exposure**

EFED will use standard available models to evaluate potential exposures to aquatic and terrestrial organisms as described at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm

.

Availa ble Monitoring Data

T here are 3 9 detections of picloram in groundwater in 19 states ranging from 0. 2 ppb to 3.9 ppb (NAWQA)

. The peak groundwater detection was in Shelby County, Tennesse. STORET reports 195 detections in surface water in 11 states rangin g from 0.1 ppb to 24 ppb with 5 detections between 10 ppb and 20 ppb. The peak detection was in Doniphan County, Kansas. NAWQA reports additional surface water monitoring data with 87 detections in 26 states ranging from 0.1 ppb to 2.7 ppb.

Aquatic Ex posure Modeling

The models used to predict aquatic estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) are the Pesticide Root Zone Model coupled with the Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS) and PRZM

- Groundwater (PRZM

- GW) publically available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . The PRZM/EXAMS Standard Pond scenario will be used to estimate the aquatic EECs in surface water. Modeling will be conducted across the thre e picloram moieties in equal terms using the acid equivalent approach. All use patterns will be assessed using standard approaches, however, applications to rooftops is a non

- standard use. Applications to rooftops will be assessed with the same method as spot treatments. That is, it is assumed residues are washed off by a minimum of 2 mm of water for washoff stipulated in the PRZM model. The treated area will be assumed to be 50% and impervious surface scenarios will be used

. Terrestrial Exposure Model ing

Chemicals in the pyridine carboxylic acid family such as picloram have been associated with incidents involving exposure and effects from compost with undegraded residues. EFED does not currently model pesticide concentrations in compost as guideline metabolism data do not address the conditions in compost. EFED will investigate this issue in the ecological risk assessment.

Exposure estimates for terrestrial animals assumed to be in the target area or in an area exposed to spray drift are derived us ing the T

- REX model (version 1.5.2, March 2012). This model incorporates the Kenaga nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et al . (1994), which is based on a large set of field residue data. The upper limit values from the nomograph represent the 95 th percent ile of residue values from actual field measurements (Hoerger and Kenega 1972). The Fletcher et al . (1994) modifications to the Kenaga nomograph are based on measured field residues from 249 published research papers,Page 34 of 111 including information on 118 species of plants, 121 pesticides, and 17 chemical classes. A default 35

- day foliar dissipation rate will be used because no foliar dissipation data have been submitted. Screening level calculations have suggested that the drinking water exposure pathway may be a significant concern for birds and will be further evaluated at the time of risk assessment with SIP v2.0.

EECs for terrestrial plants inhabiting dry and wetland areas are derived using TerrPlant (version 1.2.2, December 2006). This model uses estimates of pesticides in runoff and in spray drift to calculate EECs. EECs are based upon solubility, application rate and minimum incorporation depth in addition to type of formulation and method of application. The Agency is currently developing a replacement m odel for TerrPlant. If the replacement has been approved prior to the initiation of the risk assessment, this new model will be used instead.

Two spray drift models, AgDisp and AgDRIFT, are used to assess exposures of aquatic and terrestrial organisms to picloram deposited in terrestrial and aquatic habitats by sp ray drift. AgDrift (version 2. 1 .1 ; dated 12/29 /20 1 1) is the model most commonly used to simulate spray drift into terrestrial and aquatic environments from aerial and ground applications. AgD isp (version 8.13; dated 12/14/2004) ( Teske and Curbishley, 2003 ) is used when a parameter needs to be modeled that is not available in AgDRIFT. Spray drift analysis will be an important part of the analysis in defining the potential area of effects for endangered species.

EFED does not currently have a standardized methodology for determining risk to non

target plants from applications of irrigation water sourced from surface or ground water that has been contaminated by a pesticide. However, EFED anticipates that an irrigatio n water analysis will be conducted at the time of the risk assessment using exposure values generated from currently available aquatic exposure models such as PRZM/EXAMS for surface water or PRZM

- GW for groundwater exposures. This approach will be used to determine a depth (in inches) of irrigation water on a one

- acre field necessary to cause an LOC exceedance to terrestrial plants and compared with representative cultural practices to characterize the potential risk associated with this exposure scenario.

These models are parameterized using relevant reviewed environmental fate data from registrant submissions and the literature; model input values will be consisten t wit h the most recent version of EFED’s aquatic model input parameter guidance (Version 2. 1; EFED 2009).

Applications Directly to Trees

Applications to individual trees can result in absorption and translocation of aminopyralid from the site of application throughout the tree. Birds, mammals, and terrestrial invertebrates may be exposed thr ough ingestion of leaves, seeds, pollen, or other edible portions of the tree. Leaves containing aminopyralid may fall onto the ground or into water resulting in movement of aminopyralid to soil and water. Finally, trees treated with aminopyralid may be used as compost. There is no currently approved model forPage 35 of 111 estimating potential exposure to organisms from tree injection, cut

- stump treatment, hack and squirt method, and frill and girdle methods. A screening

- level estimate of exposure will be completed for this assessment. The method used to estimate exposure is discussed in a recently completed assessment in EFED, and the screen is based on the following assumptions ( Bosecker and White, 2010, D383620 ; Hurley and Spatz, 2010, D381025 ) :

(1) Aquatic Risk Assessment

a. The total mass of chemical applied to the trees on one acre is assumed to enter a 20,000,000 L water bod y directly; EEC = total mass of chemical applied to trees on one acre / 20,000,000 L.

b. The maximum application rate is assumed to be 0.11 lbs a.e./ A /year ; EEC = those estimated in GENEEC for broadcast uses.

(2) Concentration of chemical in leaves

a. Leaf concent ration was estimated by assuming that 100% of the chemical was translocated to the leaves. Leaf mass is estimated using allometric equations developed for blue oak trees presented by the USDA Forest Service ( Karlick and McKay, 2002 ) . EEC = total mass of chemical applied / leaf mass on tree.



### 8.3. **Measures of Effect**

To xicity data presented in Section 6 of this problem formulation will be used to calculate risk quotients. Any additional information submitted by the registrant or found in the open literature prior to conduct of the risk assessment will also be considered

. The open literature studies are identified using EPA’s ECOTOXicology database ( ECOTOX) (USEPA, 2009 ), which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and wildlife. The evaluation of bot h sources of data can also provide insight into the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on biotic communities from loss of species that are sensitive to the chemicals and from changes in structure and functional characteristics of the affected commun ities.



### 9. **Endangered Species Assessments**

Consistent with the Agency’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Agency will evaluate risks to federally listed threatened and/or endangered (listed) species from registered uses of pesticides in registration review

. The process for evaluating potential risks to listed species is further described at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/endanger/litstatus/riskasses.htm

. An endange red species assessment has not been conducted for picloram to date.Page 36 of 111 

### 10. **Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program**

As required by FIFRA and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), EPA reviews numerous studies to assess potential adverse outcomes from exposure to chemicals. Collectively, these studies include acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity, including assessments of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental, reproductive, and general or systemic toxicity. These studies include endpoints which may be susceptible to endocrine influence, including effects on endocrine target organ histopathology, organ weights, estrus cyclicity, sexual maturation, fertility, pregnancy rates, reproductive loss, and sex ratios in offspring. For ecological hazard as sessments, EPA evaluates acute tests and chronic studies that assess growth, developmental and reproductive effects in different taxonomic groups. As part of the Preliminary Problem Formulation for Registration Review (DP Barcode 416059 ), EPA reviewed thes e data and selected the most sensitive endpoints for relevant risk assessment scenarios from the existing hazard database. However, as required by FFDCA section 408(p), picloram is subject to the endocrine screening part of the Endocrine Disruptor Screenin g Program (EDSP).

EPA has developed the EDSP to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide active and other ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect produced by a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other suc h endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate.” The EDSP employs a two

- tiered approach to making the statutorily required determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a chemical substance to inte ract with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal systems. Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screening and are found to have the potential to interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA wil l determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2 testing is designed to identify any adverse endocrine

- related effects caused by the substance, and establish a dose

- response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect. Under FFDCA section 408(p), the Agency must screen all pesticide chemicals. Between October 2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call

- ins for the first group of 67 chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredi ents and 9 inert ingredients. On June 14, 2013, EPA published the Revised Second List of Chemicals for Tier I Screening in a Federal Register Notice. This revised second list included test orders/data call

- ins for an additional 109 chemicals, which conta ined 41 pesticide active ingredients.

Picloram is among the group of 41 pesticide active ingredients on the revised second list of chemicals to be screened under the EDSP. The Agency will review the EDSP Tier 1 data and any “other scientifically relevan t information” submitted in response to test orders. Based on this review the Agency will determine the need for additional testing. For further information on the status of the EDSP, the policies and procedures, the initial list of 67 chemicals or the o verview of the second list of 109 chemicals, the testPage 37 of 111 guidelines and the Tier 1 screening battery, please visit our website: http://www.epa.gov/endo/

.



### 11. **Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps**

11.1. Environmental Fate

Tab le 15 through Table 17 identify environmental fate studies by MRID that offer data for each guideline requirement, as well as study classifications and whether or not further data are needed in order to support risk assessment.

Table 15 . Submitted Enviro nmental Fate Data for Picloram Acid (PC code 005101 )

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Comments, Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

835. 2120 Hydrolysis

--- --- No Other aquatic studies indicate that
p icloram is stable to hydrolysis 835.2240 Aqueous photolysis 46027501 Supplemental No

835.2410 Soil photolysis 157175 Supplemental No 835.4100 Aerobic Soil Metabolism 128976 Acceptable No

835.4200 Anaerobic soil metabolism 128976 Acceptable No

835.4300 Aerobic aquatic metabolism --- --- No Persistence is demonstrated in aerobic soil metabolism and terrestrial field dissipation studies. If the registrant considers aerobic aquatic metabo lism to be a significant route of metabolism, a study demonstrating such would be welcomed. However, a preliminary analysis was performed on page 16 of this document indicating that a study would likely not impact risk conclusions 835.4400 Anaerobic
aqua tic metabolism --- --- No Persistence is demonstrated in aerobic soil metabolism and terrestrial field dissipation studies. If the registrant considers anaerobic aquatic metabolism to be a significant route of metabolism, a study demonstrating such would be welcomed.Page 38 of 111 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Comments, Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

835.1230 835.1240 Adsorption/ desorption and leaching 111422 Supplemental Yes MRID 111422 did not have sufficient number of acceptable soils and radiochemical purity was not reported in MRD 141646. Accurate quantification of sorption coeffic ients is highly important for a compound with high expected mobility. Current reported estimates are derived from Footprint 1

. 141646 Supplemental

835.6100 Terrestrial field dissipation 42579001 Acceptable No
42579002 Acceptable
42535302 425 58302 Acceptable

835.6300 Forest field dissipation 41395301 Acceptable No

42579003 Acceptable

850.1730 Fish BCF 42121108 Acceptable

850.6100 Water and Soil Environmental Chemistry Methods 45366 69078 --- Yes Pending review, the data gap remain s for methods on soil and water

Compost Environmental Chemistry Methods --- --- Yes Methods that can be used with equipment found in state labs and use standards that can be readily obtained are requested. 850.6100 Soil Independent Laboratory Validation --- --- Yes

Water Independent Laboratory Validation --- --- Yes

Compost Independent Laboratory Validation --- --- Yes

Non

Guideline Dissipation of Residues in C ompost Study -- -- Yes The study will be used to characterize the risk from picloram r esidues in compost and may demonstrate potential mitigations such as compost holding times. It is requested that a study protocol is submitted for review before the study is conducted. In the absence of data, EPA will assume that picloram does not degrad e in compost.

1

- http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/footprint/index2.htmPage 39 of 1 11 Table 16

. Submitted Environmental Fate Data for TIPA

- salt of Picloram (PC code 005102 )

OCSPP Guideline Data Requiremen t Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

835.6100 Terrestrial field dissipation 00160126 40059801 Supplemental No

Table 17

. Submitted Env ironmental Fate Data for K

- salt of Picloram (PC code 005104 )

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct risk assessment? Justification and Assumptions EPA will Make in Absence of Data

835.610 0 Forest field dissipation 140317 Supplemental No

835.7100 Prospective Groundwater 42535302 Supplemental Yes Less than 1/500 th of an inch of irrigation water would be required to reach the vegetative vigor tomato NOAEC of 0.00016 lb a.e./ac based on Tier I PRZM

GW EECs . Furthermore, less than one inch of irrigation water would be required to reach 9 out of 10 reported terrestrial plant endpoints. A prospective groundwater study performed in an area representative of typical picloram use conditions would allow for better characterization of expected groundwater concentrations. Without a prospective groundwater study, only PRZM

- GW can be relied upon to assess the exposure route.



### 11.2. Effects

Table 2 18 and Table 3 1 9 id entify ecological effects studies by MRID that offer data for each guideline requirement, as well as study classifications and whether or not further data are needed in order to support risk assessment. Table 20 identifies the ecological effects studies requested for TEPs containing multiple active ingredients formulated with picloram.Page 40 of 111 Table 2

. Submitted Aquatic Ecological Effects Data for Picloram

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement PC Co de Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct

risk assessment? Current Additional Data Need

850.1010 Freshwater invertebrate acute toxicity 005101 00141979 Acceptable No

-- 005102 None N/A No

005104 00129077 Supplem ental No

850.1025 850.1035 850.1045 850.1055 Saltwater invertebrate acute toxicity 005101 None N/A

005102 00129074 Supplemental No

005102 00129074 Supplemental No

005104 00129073 Supplemental No

005104 00129073 Supplemental No

850. 1075 Freshwater fish acute toxicity 005101 00112016 Acceptable No

-- 005102 No Data N/A

005104 45205107 Supplemental

-- Qualitative

005104 00129072 Supplemental

850.1075 Saltwater fish acute toxicity 005101 No Data N/A No

-- 005102 4395 9503 Acceptable No

005104 43959502 Acceptable No

850.1300 Freshwater invertebrate life cycle 005101 00151783 Acceptable No

-- 005102 No Data N/A No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.1350 Saltwater invertebrates life cycle 005101 None N/A No In the absence of data EPA will use an acute to chronic ratio (ACR) to estimate a chronic endpoint for the saltwater invertebrate. 005102 None N/A No

005104 None N/A No

850.1400 Freshwater fish early

- life stage 005101 00151784 Acceptable No

-- 005102 43959504 Acceptable No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.1400 Saltwater fish early

- life stage 005101 No Data N/A No In the absence of data EPA will use an acute to chronic ratio (ACR) to estimate a chronic endpoint for the saltwater invertebrate. 005102 No Data N/A No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.1500 Fish life cycle 005101 No Data N/A No

-- 005102 No Data N/A No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.4400 Aquatic plant 005101 No Data N/A No

--Page 41 of 111 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement PC Co de Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed to conduct

risk assessment? Current Additional Data Need

Toxicity Test using Lemna spp. 005102 43230312 Acceptable No

005104 43230311 Acceptable No

850.4500 Algal toxicity 005101 00155937 Supplemental No No data is available for the estuarine/marine diatom for the TIPA or potassium salts. Since the freshwater diatom was the most sensitive taxa tested for the TIPA salt, a study on estuarine/marine diatoms is required. A new study is not required for the potassium salt 005102 41407701 Acceptable No

005102 43230303 Acceptable No

005102 No Data N/A Yes

005104 41407702 Acceptable No

005 104 43230302 Acceptable No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.4550 Cyanobacteria 005102 43230309 Acceptable No

-- 005104 43230308 Acceptable No

Table 3 . Submitted Terrestrial Ecological Effects Data for Picloram

OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement PC Code Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed for risk assessment? Current Additional Data Need

850.2100 Avian oral toxicity 005101 00157173 Acceptable Yes A passerine acute oral study is required due to subleth al effects in the acute oral study and treatment related mortalities in the dietary studies with the potassium salt. 005102 No Data N/A No

005104 No Data N/A Yes

850.2200 Avian dietary toxicity 005101 No Data N/A No

-- 005102 00129069 Suppl emental No

005102 00129071 Supplemental No

005104 00129068 Supplemental No

005104 001 12978 Supplemental No

850.2300 Avian reproduction 005101 None N/A Yes An acceptable avian reproduction study using the bobwhite quail with either picloram a cid or the potassium salt is required. 005102 None N/A Yes

005104 None N/A Yes

850.3020 Honey bee
acute contact toxicity 005101 00036935 Supplemental No

-- 005102 41366901 Acceptable No

005104 4136690 2 Acceptable NoPage 42 of 111 OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement PC Code Submitted Studies (MRID) Study Classifications Are data needed for risk assessment? Current Additional Data Need

850.3030 Honey bee residue on foliage 005101 No Data N/A No

--
005102 No Data N/A No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.3040 Field testing for pollinators 005101 No Data N/A No

--
005102 No Data N/A No

005104 No Data N/A No

850.4100 Seedling Emergence and Seedli ng Growth 005101 No Data N/A No New Tier 2 data using the TIPA salt on tomato, drybean, soybean, onion and wheat is required. (see the Executive Summary) 005102 41296501 Supplemental

— Qualitative Yes

005104 43959505 Acceptable No

850.4150 Vegetativ e Vigor 005101 No Data N/A No New Tier 2 data using the TIPA salt on tomato, drybean, soybean, onion and wheat is required. (see the Executive Summary) 005102 41296501 Supplemental

— Qualitative Yes

005104 44156701 Acceptable No

Table 20 : Summary o f Additional Data Requirements for Representative Technical End Use Products Containing Multiple Active Ingredients
OCSPP Guideline Data Requirement

850.4150 Terrestrial Plant Vegetative Vigor using Tomato, Drybean, Soybean, Onion and Wheat

850.4100 Terr estrial Plant Seedling Emergence using Tomato, Drybean, Soybean, Onion and Wheat

Guideline Number: 835.7100 Study Titles: Prospective Groundwater Study Rationale for Requiring the Data Five separate incidents have been reported on crop damage due to picloram contaminated drinking water. The veracity of these incidents is confirmed by comparing a screening level groundwater concentration of 0.421 mg a.e./L to the most sensitive terrestrial plant endpoint (vegetative vigor tomato NOAEC = 0.00016 lb a.e ./ac) . Less than 1/500 th of an inch of irrigation water would be required to reach this endpoint. Furthermore, less than one inch of irrigation water would be required to reach 9 out of 10 reported terrestrial plant endpoints. A prospective groundwater study performed in an area representative of typical picloram use conditions would allow for better characterization of expected groundwater concentrations. Practical Utility of the Data How will the data be used? The data will be used to advise on nec essary depth to groundwater, well setback distances and/or other limitations on the use of groundwater for irrigation in picloram use areas in conjunction groundwater modeling estimates from PRZM

- GW.
How could the data impact the Agency’s future decisio n

- making? The data will be used as thePage 43 of 111 most substantial piece in a weight

- of

- evidence approach to characterize the vulnerability of groundwater to picloram contamination and to develop mitigation options for the protection of irrigation water.

Guidelin e Number: N/A Study Titles: Dissipation study in compost Rationale for Requiring the Data The application of picloram to vegetative matter that is subsequently used as compost or animal feed has been found to retain picloram residues and affect non

- targe t plants. This route of exposure is common across the picolinc acid herbicides (aminopyralid, clopyralid, and picloram). A study is requested to demonstrate the rates of degradation and leaching in vegetative and manure composts.

Practical Utility o f the Data How will the data be used? Through the SFIREG Pesticides Operations & Management committee on September 16, 2013, it was made known that Dow AgroSciences is developing a molecular imprinted polymer for solid phase extraction that could be used for detecting picloram in compost. It was expected that a method could be released to state laboratories by April 2014. A compost dissipation study would be instrumental in interpreting the monitoring data that will become available after this method is disseminated.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision

- making? The study will be used to characterize this risk from picloram residues in compost and may demonstrate potential mitigations such as compost holding times.



## 12. References

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Fletcher, J.S., J. E. Nellesson and T. G. Pfleeger. 1994. Literature review and evaluation of the EPA food

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Hurley, P., & Spatz, D. 2010.D381025. Section 3 Product Registration Request for Expansion of Tree Species for Emamectin Benzoate Tree Injection Use to Control Arthropod Pests . D381025. October 5, 2010. Enviro nmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Jones, R.D. et al., 2000. Guidance for use of the Index Reservoir and Percent Crop Area Factor in Drinking Water Assessments (March 21, 2000). Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arlington, VA.

Teske, M.E. and T.B. Curbishley. 2003. AGDISP Version 8.07 User Manual. C ontinum Dynamics, Inc. Ewing, NJ 08618. Prepared for USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV.

Tomlin, C. 2004. Picloram entry in the E

- Pesticide Manual, Thirteenth Edition, Crop Protection Publications, British Crop Protection Council. Available at : http://www.bcpcbookshop.co.uk

.
Tu, M., C. Hurd, J.M. Randall. 2001. Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools and Techniques for Use in Natural Areas. Nature Conservancy. Available at http://www.invasive.org/gist/handbook.html

USEPA, 1995. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Picloram. Office of Pesticide Programs. Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D .C.

USEPA. 1999. Guidance for Use of the Index Reservoir in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. Arlington, VA.

USEPA. 2000. Drinking Water Screening Level Assessment. Part A: Applying a Percent Crop Area Adjustment to Tier II Surface Water Model Estimat es for Pesticide Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. FQPA Science Policy Document .Public Comment Draft September 1, 2000. Federal Register: October 11, 2000 (volume 65, number 197). Electronic copy available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/trac/scienc e/ .

USEPA. 2002a. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fat e and Transport of Pesticides, Version II (February 28, 2002). Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, U.S. Environmental Protectio n Agency. Arlington, VA.Page 45 of 111 U.S. EPA. 2002b. Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) Field and Orchard Crop Scenarios: Standard Procedures for Conducting Quality Control and Quality Assurance. Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, U .S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arlington, VA.

USEPA. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs . United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Off ice of Pesticide Programs. Available at http://www.epa.gov/espp/consultation/ecorisk

- overview.pdf

.

USEPA. 2009a. ECOTOXicology Database

, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) . Available at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/

USEPA, 2013. BEAD Chemical Profile (BCP) for Registration Review: Picloram Salts and Esters Case (005101, 005102, and 005104). Biological and Economic Analysi s Division. Office of Pesticide Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arlington, VA. July 18, 2013.



### Appendix A

- OPPIN Bibliography

005101 Picloram Eco Effects Bibliography 71

- 1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity
MRID Citation Reference

41144 Stevenson, G.T.; Lapham, K. (1967) A Gamebird Toxicology Study of 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid, Triethylamine salt and Isoctyl ester in Bobwhite Quail. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical U. S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094930

- F)

111457 Stevenson, G.; Lapham, K. (1967) A Gamebird Toxicology Study of ... ?Tordon|, Triethylamine Salt and Isooctyl Ester in Bobwite Quail. (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 1979 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemi cal Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:098349

- H)

157173 Beavers, J. (1983) An Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Mallard with Picloram Technical: Final Report: Project No. 103

- 221. Unpub

- lished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 15 p.
71

- 2 Avia n Dietary Toxicity
MRID Citation Reference

41113 or 75781 or Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Gamebird Toxicology Study

-- Acute Dietary Feeding of Tordon to Wild Type Mallard Ducklings. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967Page 46 of 111 80912 multiple submissi

on unde r 0F0863; sub mitted by Dow Chemi cal U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094525

- X) or ACC 91155 or ACC 91153

Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Gamebird Toxicology Study

-- Acute Dietary Feeding of Tordon^(R)I to Wild Type Mallard Ducklings. (Unpub

- lished study received Nov 21, 1967 under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, Ind.;

41471 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Game Bird Toxicology Study

-- Acute Dietary Feeding of Tordon^(R)I in Bobwhite Quail. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- D)

41472 or 75780 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Game Bird Toxicology Range Finding Study of Tordon in Wild Type Mallard Ducklings. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- E) or 91155

- G

41473 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Gamebird Toxicology Study

-- Acute Dietary Feeding of Tordon^(R)I to Wild Type Mallard Ducklings: Summary. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Do w Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- F)

95165 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Game Bird Toxicology Range Finding Study of Tordon, Daxtron and Dursban in Wild Type Mallard Ducklings: GH

- A

- 107. (Unpublished study received Jun 10, 1969 under 9G0817; submi tted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, Ind.; CDL:091411

- N)

111510 Kenaga, E. (1974) Letter sent to M. Adamczyk dated Aug 16, 1974 ?Weedone 2,4,5

- TP|. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1974 under 264

- 61; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CD L:120636

- A)

22923 Hill, E.F.; Heath, R.G.; Spann, J.W.; et al. (1975) Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Pollutants to Birds: Special Scientific Report

-- Wildlife No. 191. (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Patuxent Wildlife R esearch Center; unpublished report)
71

- 4 Avian Reproduction
MRID Citation Reference

41470 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) Multiple Generation Reproductive Study of Tordon Fed Japanese Quail. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitt ed by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- C)

41909 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Summary of Japanese Quail Reproduction Studies with Tordon^RI. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- B)

69974 Stevenson, G.T. (19??) A Reproduction Study of Tordon

-- Picolinic Acid: 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloro

- , in Japanese Quail: Experiment No. 3

- 804

- 10. (Unpublished study received Nov 1, 1964 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.;Page 47 of 111 CDL:130992

- K)

4803300 5 Albers, P.; Hoffman, D. (1984) Evaluation of Potential Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of 42 Herbicides, Insecticides, and Petroleum Contaminants to Mallard Eggs. Archives of Environmental Contamination an d Toxicology 13: 15

- 27.

141980 Somers, J.; Moran, E.; Reinhart, B. (1978) Reproductive success of hens and cockerels originating from eggs sprayed with 2,4

- D, 2, 4

- 5

- T and picloram followed by early performance of their proge

- ny after a comparable in ov o exposure. Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 20:111

- 119.
72

- 1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish
MRID Citation Reference

68507 Hughes, J.S.; Davis, J.T. (1964?) Effects of Selected Herbicides on Bluegill Sunfish. (Louisiana, Wild Life and Fis heries Commis

- sion; unpublished study; CDL:231131

- A)

102855 Silvo, O. (1967) Alustavia Tutkimuksia Eraiden Herbisidien Myrkyllisyydesta Nuorille Karpin Poikasille (Cyprinus catpio L.). Helsinki, Fin.: ?s.n.|. (Suomen Kalatalous 32; also In unpublished s ubmission received Feb 3, 1976 under 960

- 163; sub

- mitted by Balcom Chemicals, Inc., Greeley, CO; CDL:228944

- V)

111458 Bond, C.; Wilson, D.; Malick, J. (1967) Progress Report on Aquatic Weed Research (Project 773). (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 197 9 under 0F0863; prepared by Oregon State Univ., Agricul

- tural Experiment Station, Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:098349

- I)

112016 Batchelder, T. (1974) Acute Fish Toxicity of Picloram

-- (Dry Tordon Acid). (Unpublished study received Sep 10, 1976 under 464

- 541; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:226137

- C)

112971 Hughes, J.; Davis, J. (1963) Variations in toxicity to bluegill sunfish of phenoxy herbicides. Weeds 11(1):50

- 53. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 28, 1979 under 0F0863; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:098349

- O)

129076 Mayes, M.; Dill, D. (1982) The Toxicity of Picloram ... to Repre

- sentative Freshwater Organisms: ES

- 561. (Unpublished stu dy re

- ceived Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- O)

129078 McCarty, W.; Alexander, H.; Park, C. (1977) Comparative Toxicity of Three Samples of Technical Picloram Containing Various Amounts of N''

- (3,4,5 ,6

- Tetrachloro

- 2

- pyridinyl) Guanidine to Bluegill. (Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submit

- ted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- Q)

129080 Sergeant, M.; Blazek, D.; Elder, J.; et al. (1971) The toxicity of 2,4

- D and picloram herbicides to fish. Proc. Indiana Academy of Science 80:114

- 123. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by DowPage 48 of 111 Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- T)

129086 Woodward, D. (1976) Toxicity of the herbici des dinoseb and picloram to cutthroat (Salmo clarki) and lake trout (Salvelinus namay

- cush). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33(8): 1671

- 1676. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- Z)

151784 Mayes, M.; Dill. D.; Hopkins, D. (1984) The Toxicity of Technical Picloram to the Embryo, Larval, and Juvenile Stages of the Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson): ES

- 703. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical USA. 17 p.

40098001 Mayer, F.; Ellersieck, M. (1986) Manual of Acute Toxicity: Inter

- pretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. US Fish & Wildlife Service, Resource Pub

- lication 160. 579 p.

TN 23. TN 24, T N 28 and TN 48 (MRID 111461) McCann, J.A. USEPA Beltsville Animal Biology tests with Bluegill sunfish

- see Fed Lab Data

TN 32, TN 33, TN 34 McCann, J.A. USEPA Beltsville Animal Biology tests with Rainbow trout and 24.9% ai product.

- see Fed Lab Data

N o MRID on DER Mayer, F.L. 1982. Fathead minnow acute toxicity study.

40094602 Johnson, W.W. and M.T. Finley (1980) Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates (U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, R esource Publication 137, Unpublished Report).

No MRID Woodward, D.F. (1979) Assessing the Hazard of Picloram to Cutthroat Trout. J. Range manage. 32: 230

- 232.

No MRID Cope, O.B. (1966) Estimated LC50 Values for Several Pesticides and Bluegills, Testes at 65°F. Quarterly Progress Reports: Sports Fishery Research. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

No MRID Cope, O.B. (1964) Toxicities of Herbicides to Goldfish, Rainbows, Bluegills and Largemouth Bass. Quarterly Progress Reports: Sports Fishery Research. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

51597 McCann, J.A. (1974) Letter sent to Charles College dated Oct 22, 1974 ?Fish toxicity data|. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agen

- cy, Animal Biology Laboratory, unpublished study; CDL:224700

- T)
72

- 2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates
MRID Citation ReferencePage 49 of 111 111510

- repeated Kenaga, E. (1974) Letter sent to M. Adamczyk dated Aug 16, 1974 ?Weedone 2,4,5

- TP|. (Unpublished study received Oct 9, 1974 under 264

- 61; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland , MI; CDL:120636

- A)

129076

- repeated Mayes, M.; Dill, D. (1982) The Toxicity of Picloram ... to Repre

- sentative Freshwater Organisms: ES

- 561. (Unpublished study re

- ceived Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:25 0605

- O)

141979 McCarty, W. (1977) Toxicity of 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic Acid, Picloram, to Daphnids: Final Report. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical U.S.A. 8
p.
151783 Gersich, F.; Hopkins, D.; Milazzo, D. (1984) The Acute and Chronic T oxicity of Technical Picloram (4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid) to Daphnia magna Straus: ES

- 690. Unpublished study pre

- pared by Dow Chemical USA. 16 p.

154234 Gersich, F.; Hopkins, D.; Milazzo, D. (1984) The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Technical Picloram (4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic Acid) to Daphnia magna Straus: ES

- 690. Unpublished study pre

- pared by Dow Chemical USA. 3 p.

45713401 Boeri, R.; Wyskiel, D.; Ward, T. (2002) Picloram Acid: Acute Toxicity to the Gammarid, Gammarus pseudolimna eus: Lab Project Number: 2390

- DO: 021027. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 28 p. {OPPTS 850.1020}

45765901 Boeri, R.; Wyskiel, D.; Ward, T. (2002) Picloram Acid: Acute Toxicity to the Ramshorn Snail, Planorbella trivolvis: La b Project Number: 2389

- DO: 021028. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 27 p.

40098001 Mayer, F.; Ellersieck, M. (1986) Manual of Acute Toxicity: Inter

- pretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Anima ls. US Fish & Wildlife Service, Resource Pub

- lication 160. 579 p.

114875 MRID
not on DER Sanders, H.O. and O.B. Cope (1968) The Relative Toxicities of Several Pesticides to Naiads of Three Species of Stoneflies. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13:112

- 117.

40094602 J ohnson, W.W. and M.T. Finley (1980) Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates (U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication 137, Unpublished Report).
72

- 3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarin e/Marine Organisms
MRID Citation Reference

45205107 Lorz, H.; Glenn, S.; Williams, R. et al. (1979) Effects of Selected Herbicides on Smolting of Coho Salmon: Lab Project Number: R

- 804283: EPA

- 600/3

- 79

- 071. Unpublished study prepared by Corvallis En vironmental Research Laboratory. 103 p.

No MRID Butler, P.A. (1964) The Effects of Pesticides on Fish and Wildlife. CommercialPage 50 of 111 Fishery Investigations. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Estuarine species

- not reviewed
72

- 4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aqua tic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study
MRID Citation Reference

41147 Duddles, G.A. (1968) The Acute Fish Toxicity of the Triisopropanol

- amine salt of 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid. (Unpub

- lished study received on unknown date under 8F0660; su bmitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094930

- I)

41475 Alexander, H.C.; Batchelder, T.L. (1965) Results of a Study on the Acute Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I Herbicide to Three Species of Fish. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- H)

41481 Cope, O.B. (1964) Quarterly Progress Reports: Sport Fishery Re

- search. ?: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (Quarter ending Jun 30, 1964; pp. 48

- 50 only, published study; CDL:094524

- N)

55714 Silvo, O.E.J. (1967) Alustavia Tutkimuksia Eraiden Herbisidien Myrkyllisyydesta Nuorille Karpin Poikasille (~Cyprinus carpio~ L~.). N.P. (Suomen Kalatalous 32 Finlands Fiskerier; incom

- plete; also~In~unpublished submission received Jul 11, 1961 u n

- der 1E1046; submitted by U.S. Dept. of the Army, Washington, D.C.; CDL:093359

- X)

61946 Swedberg, D. (1972) Letter sent to George MacLean dated Sep 5, 1972 ?Toxicity static bioassays

-- Tordon and Ronnel

-- cutthroat trout|. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

, Fish

- Pesticide Research Labora

- tory, unpublished study; CDL:227666

- D)

129086 Woodward, D. (1976) Toxicity of the herbicides dinoseb and picloram to cutthroat (Salmo clarki) and lake trout (Salvelinus namay

- cush). Journal of the Fisheries Research Boa rd of Canada 33(8): 1671

- 1676. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- Z)

151784 Mayes, M.; Dill. D.; Hopkins, D. (1984) The Toxicity of Technical Picloram to the Embr yo, Larval, and Juvenile Stages of the Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson): ES

- 703. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical USA. 17 p.

45760301 Boeri, R.; Wyskiel, D.; Ward, T. (2002) Picloram Acid: Life Cycle Study in the Daphnid, Daphnia magn a: Lab Project Number: 2391

- DO: 021029. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 46 p.

151783 Gersich, F.; Hopkins, D.; Milazzo, D. (1984) The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Technical Picloram (4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid) t o Daphnia magna Straus: ES

- 690. Unpublished study pre

- pared by Dow Chemical USA. 16 p.Page 51 of 111 72

- 7 Simulated or Actual Field Testing
MRID Citation Reference

129085 Woodward, D. (1979) Assessing the hazard of picloram to cutthroat trout. Journal of Range Management 32(3):230

- 232. (Also In un

- published submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- Y)

151783 Gersich, F.; Hopkins, D.; Milazzo, D. (1984) The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Te chnical Picloram (4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid) to Daphnia magna Straus: ES

- 690. Unpublished study pre

- pared by Dow Chemical USA. 16 p.

No MRID on DER Bidlack, H.D. 1980. Kinetics of Aged Picloram in a model microcosm

122

- 1 Seed Germina tion/Seedline Emergence and Vegetable Vigor
MRID Citation Reference

155937 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1986) Nontarget Area Phytotoxicity [Using Technical Picloram]. Unpublished compilation. 109 p.

40054501 Weseloh, J. (1987) A Summary of Three Greenhou se Trials to Deter

- mine the Effects of Picloram, 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- Trichloropicolinic Acid on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and upon Vegeta

- tive Vigor of Six Dicotyledonae and Four Monocotyledonae Crop Cultivars. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Che mical U.S.A. 112 p.

40579801 Weseloh, J. (1988) A Summary of Three Greenhouse Trials to Determine the Effects of Picloram, 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- Trichloro

- picolinic Acid on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and upon Vegetative Vigor when Applied at 560 G/HA , on Six Dicotyledoneae and Four Monocotyledoneae Crop Cultivars: Laboratory Project ID GH

- P 1366. Unpublished study prepared by Midland Field Research Station, Dow Chemical U. S. A. 30 p.

45194801 Schwab, D. (1998) The Effects of Picloram in Irrigation Water at 5 ppb and 20 ppb on Soybean Growth and Yield: Lab Project Number: 43894: RES97063. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 69 p.

45289601 Wright, J. (2000) Phytotoxicity and Yield Effects on Soybeans Following a Soil Surface Applica tion of Picloram K Salt: Lab Project Number: RES97047. Unpublished study prepared by Dow AgroSciences LLC. 94 p.
122

- 2 Aquatic plant growth
MRID Citation Reference

155937 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1986) Nontarget Area Phytotoxicity [Using Technica lPage 52 of 111 Picloram]. Unpublished compilation. 109 p.

Accession No. 261128 Elder, J.H., C.A. Lembi and D.J. Moore (1970?) Toxicity of 2,4

- D and Picloram to Fresh and Salt Water Algae. Proceeding’s North Central Weed Control Conference 1970. (Published Study Recei ved Jan 13, 1986, Submitted by Dow Chemical under Accession No. 261128).
123

- 1 Seed germination/seedling emergence and vegetative vigor
MRID Citation Reference

41296501 Weseloh, J.; Stockdale, G. (1989) A Study To Determine the Effects of Picl oram on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor: Lab Project Number GH

- P 1444; Protocol 89040. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical U.S.A. Midland Field Research Station. 170 p.

Accession No. 261128 Ragab, M.T.H. (1975) Residues o f Picloram in Soil and Their Effects on Crops. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 55: 55

- 59. (Published Study Received January 13, 1986, Submitted by Dow Chemical under Accession No. 261128).

40346508 Smith, L.L., Jr. and J. Geronimo (1984) Response of Se ven Crops to Foliar Applications of Six Auxin

- Like Herbicides. Down to Earth Vol. 40, No. 2 August 1984. (Published Study Received January 13, 1986, Submitted by Dow Chemical under Accession No. 261128).

111517 Herr, D.E., E.W. Stroube and D.A. Ray (1966) Effect to TORDON Residues on Agronomic Crops. Down to Earth 21: 17

- 18. (Published Study Received January 13, 1986, Submitted by Dow Chemical under Accession No. 261128).

43276601 Schwab, Dave (1994) Evaluating the Effects of Picloram on the Germination, Emergence and Vegetative Vigor of Non

- Target Terrestrial Plants. ABC Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, MO. DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN. ID No. 41404.
Effects to Russett potatoes
123

- 2 Aquatic plant growth
MRID Citation Reference

43230302 Boeri , R.; Kowalski, P.; Ward, T. (1994) Tordon K Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula pelliculosa: Lab Project Number: 436/DO: ES/2772. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 24
p.
43230303 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; War d, T. (1994) Tordon 101 Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula pelliculosa: Lab Project Number: 433/DO: ES/2769. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 25 p. Picloram TIPA + 2,4

- D

43230304 Ward, T.; Kowalski, P.; B oeri, R. (1994) Access Herbicide: Toxicity to thePage 53 of 111 Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum: Lab Project Number: 431/DO: ES/2767. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 25 p. Mixture Picloram and Triclopyr BEE

43230305 Boeri, R.; Kowalsk i, P.; Ward, T. (1994) Tordon K Herbicide: Toxicity to the Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum: Lab Project Number: 437/DO: ES/2773. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 24
p.
43230308 Boeri, R.; Kowalski, P.; Ward, T. (1994) To rdon K Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue

- Green Alga, Anabaena flos

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129067 Elder, J.; Lembi, C.; Morre, D. (1970) Toxicity of 2,4

- D a nd piclo

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43230301 Boeri, R.L., P.L. Kowalski and T.J. Ward (1994) Access Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula pelliculosa. Laboratory Project No. 430

- DO. Conducted by T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc., Marblehead, MA. Submitted by the Dow Chemical Company, Midland , MI. EPA MRID No. 43230301.

43230311 Kirk, H.D, (1994) The Toxicity of Tordon K Herbicide Formulation to the Aquatic Plant, Duckweed Lemna gibba. Laboratory Project No. DECO

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2764. Conducted by the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Research Labor atory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI. Submitted by DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN. EPA MRID No. 43230311.

43230306 Boeri, R.L., J.P. Magazu and T.J. Ward (1994) Tordon 101Herbicide: Toxicity to the Marine Diatom, Skelet onema costatum. Laboratory Project No. 434

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Accession No. 261128 McCarty, W.M. (1986?) Non

- Target Area Phytotoxici ty, Aquatic Plant Growth

– Selenastrum capricornutum. Evaluation of the Toxicity of Technical Picloram to the Freshwater Green Alga. Prepared by Dow Chemical. (Unpublished Study Received June 13, 1986, Submitted by Dow Chemical under Accession No. 261128).

41407701 Hughes, J.S. (1990) The Toxicity of TORDON 101 TO Selenastrum capricornutum. Laboratory Project ID 0460

- 04

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124

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29210 Schwartzbeck, R.A.; Irvine, W.T. (1969) Effect of Preem ergent and Postemergent Applications of Tordon^(R)I Herbicide on 23 Varie

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59420 Vanden Born, W.H. (1969) Picl oram Residues and Crop Production. Canadian Journal of Plant Science Vol. 49: 628

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129066 Doty, A. (1965) Some Observations of the Toxicity of Tordon Her bi

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36935 Atkins, E.L., E.A. Greywood and R.L. Macdonald (1975) Toxicity of Pesticides and Other Agricultural Chemica ls to Honey Bees: Laboratory Studies. By University of California, Dept. of Entomology. ?: UC, Cooperative Extension. (leaflet 2287, Published Study).

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Chronic Effects to Hone ybees
111489 Morton, H.; Moffett, J. (1971) Influ ence of Herbicides on Reproduc tion of Honey Bees. (Abstract 216; unpublished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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141

- 3 Aquatic Insect Larvae

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No MRID Sanders, H.O. and O.B. Cope (1968) The Relative Toxicities of Several Pesticides to Naiads of Three Species of St oneflies. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13:112

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142

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165

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No MRID on DER Bidlack, H. D. 19 80. BCF in Bluegil l
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82751 Somers, J.D. (1972) Influence of External Application of Pesticides on Egg Hatchability and Chick Viability. Master's thesis, Univ. of Guelph. (Unpublished study received Jun 6, 1973 under 1F1102; submi tted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, Ind.; CDL: 090866

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84027 Lynn, G.E. (1965) A review of toxicological information on tordon herbicides. Down to Earth 20(4):6

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111414 Leasure, J. (1965) An Investigation of Alleged Damage by Tordon in Irrigation Water to Crops in Virginia and North Carolina. (Un

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111496 Pimentel, D. (1971) Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Non

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41145 Bond, C.E.; Wilson, D.C.; Malick, J. (1967) Aquatic Weed Control Progress ReportPage 56 of 111 1967: Project 773. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under 8F0660; prepared by Oregon State Univ., Agricultural E xperiment Station, Dept. of Fisheries and Wild

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111458 Bond, C.; Wilson, D.; Malick, J. (1967) Progress Report on Aquatic Weed Research (Project 773). (Unpublished study received Jun 28, 1979 under 0F0863; prepared by Oregon State Univ., Agricul

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No MRID Parisot, T.J.(1968) Letter Report from T.J. Parisot. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to E.E. Kenaga, The Dow Chemical Company.

No MRID Scott, T.G., H.C. Schultz and P.H. Eschmeyer (1977) Fisheries and Wildlife Research: Environmental Contaminant Evaluation. Edit. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

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No MRID Kenaga, E. (1969) TORDON® Herbicide

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N o MRID Bohmont, B.L. (1967) Toxicity of Herbicides to Livestock, Fish, Honebees and Wildlife. PROC. WEST. Weed Cont. 21: 25

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131365 Hamaker, J. (1976) The Hydrolysis of Picloram in Buffered Distilled Water: GS

1460. (Unpublished study received Aug 9, 1983 under 464

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410925 01

164960 Woodburn, K.; Fontai ne, D. (1986) The Photolysis of Picloram Isooc

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460275 01 Cook, W. (2003) Aqueous Photolysis of Picloram in pH 5 Buffer and Natural Water Under Xenon Light. Project Number: 000385. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Agrosciences LLC. 76 p.

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428119 01 Batzer, F.R. and R.N. Lubinski (1993) Aqueous Photolysis of Picloram

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44010 Gear, J.R.; Zerr, R.; Michel, J.; et al. (1973) Decomposition of Picloram in Aqueous Solutions under Ultraviolet and Sunlight Ir

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44020 Michel, J.; Grover, R.; Gear, J.R. (1973) Kinetics of Picloram Pho

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46856 Mosier, A.R.; Guenzi, W.D. (1973) Picloram photolytic decomposi

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59410 Redemann, C.T. (1966) Photodecomposition Rate Studies of 4

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59423 Youngson, C.R.; Goring, C.A.I. (1967) Decomposition of Tordon Herbicide by Sunlight in Water and Soil: Report GS

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5 9425 Youngson, C.R. (1968) Effect of Source and Depth of Water, and Concentration of 4

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111476 Hall, R.; Giam, C.; Merkle, M. (1968) The photolytic degradation of picloram. Weed Res. 8:292

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111477 Hamaker, J. (1964) Decomposition of Aqueous Tordon Solutions by Sunlight: GH

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111512 Hedlund, R.; Youngson, C. (1968) Solar Photodecomposition Studies with Picloram in Aqueous Solutions: GS

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111514 Hedlund, R. (1971) The Rate of Photodegradation of Picloram in Aqueous Systems. II. Effect of Several Depths: GS 1122. (Un

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123280 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1978) ?Chemical Study: Picloram|. (Compila

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128964 Gear, J.; Michel, J.; Grover, R. (1982) Photochemical degradat ion of Picloram. Pestic. Sci. 13:189

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17934 Hance, R.J. (1967) Decomposition of herbicides in the soil by non

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59410 Redemann, C.T. (1966) Photodecomposition Rate Studies of 4

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59423 repeated Youngson, C.R.; Goring, C.A.I. (1967) Decomposition of Tordon Herbicide by Sunlight in Water and Soil: Report GS

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69075 Hamaker, J.W. (1975) Distribution of Picloram in a High Organic Sediment

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102567 Youngson, C.; Hamaker, J.; Goring, C. (1964) Sorption, Leaching, and Decomposition of 4

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111425 Youngson, C .; Goring, C.; Meikle, R.; et al. (1967) Factors In

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111427 Hamaker, J. (1967 ) Reaction Kinetics for the Detoxification of Tordon in Soil. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL: 091156

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111452 Bohmont, B.; Fults, J. (1968) A Test of Picloram Degradation under Three Soil Moisture Treatments. (Unpublished study received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indi

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111453 Plimmer, J.; Kearney, P. (1968) Decarboxylation of Picloram during Extraction. (U.S. Agricultur al Research Service; unpublished study; CDL:091492

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111464 Baur, J.; McCall, H.; Bovey, R. (1969) Ultraviolet Degradation of Picloram. Annual rept., 1969. (Unpublished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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111477

111478 Hamaker, J. (1969) Rates of Photodecomposition of 4

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112011 Redemann, C.; Meikle, R.; Hamilton, P.; et al. (1968) The Fate of 4

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140314 Bauer, J.R.; Baker, R.D. (19??) Ultraviolet Degradation of Piclor

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140321 Grover, R. (1971) Adsorption of picloram by soil colloids and var

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157175 Fontaine, D.; Woodburn, K. (1986) Photodegradation Study of Piclo

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59411 Redemann, C.T.; Meikle, R.W.; Hamilton, P.; et al. (1968) The fate of 4

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59412 Rieck, C.E. (1969) Microbial Degradation of 4

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59424 Youngson, C.R.; Goring, C.A.I.; Meikle, R.W.; et al. (1967) Factors influencing the decomposition of Tordon herbicide in soils. Down to Earth 23(2):3

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111420 Arnold, W.; Santelmann, P.; Lynd, J. (1 966) Picloram and 2,4

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111447 Youngson, C. (1967) A Comparison of Decomposition of Car boxyl

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886. (Unpublished study re

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111448 Youngson, C.; M eikle, R. (1969) A Comparison of the Rates of Loss of 4

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111484 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1970) Decomposition of Picloram in Soil: Effect of Different Soils and Kinetics in a Single Soil: GS

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111486 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1971) Decomposition of Picloram in Soil: A Comparison of Anaerobic wi th Aerobic Soil Microorganisms: GS

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111502 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1973) ?Decomposition Rates and Extraction Procedure for Picloram and Other Compounds in Soil|. (Compi

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111503 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1970) The Decomposition of Picloram in Soil: Effect of Extraneous Material Added to Soil. (Unpub lished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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111504 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R.; et al. (1973) Measurement and prediction of Picloram disappearance rates from soil. Weed Scienc e 21(6):549

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111505 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R.; et al. (1974) Decomposition of picloram by soil microorganism s: A proposed reaction se

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111530 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1970) Decomposi tion of Picloram in Soil: Effect of a Pre

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111531 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1970) The Decompositio n of Picloram in Soil: Effect of Soil Depth on the Rate: GS

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128976 McCall, P.; Jeffries, T. (1978) Aerobic and Anaerobic Soil Deg rada

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128993 Laskowski, D.; Youngson, C. (1970) An Evaluation of the Ability of Soil Samples Obtained in Profile from Different Depths for Their Ability To Decompose Picloram: Report No. GS

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37877 Meikle, R.W. (1972) Decompos ition: Qualitative relationships in or

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37879 Meikle, R.W.; Youngson, C.R.; Hedlund, R.T. (1970) The Decomposi

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and Tota lly

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37883 Meikle, R.W. (1973) Comparison of the Decomposition Rates of Piclo

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38481 Meikle, R.W.; Youngson, C.R.; Hedlund, R.T. (1970) Decomposition of Picloram in Soil: Comparison of the Decomposition Rates of Pic

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41133 Banks, V.S.; Meikle, R.W. (1967) Tordon Metabolism in Soil. (Un

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111532 Meikle, R.; Youngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1970) The Decomposition of Picloram in Soil: Effect of Soil Moisture on the R ate of Picloram Decomposition: GS

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162

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4039 Starr, R.I.; Cunn ingham, D.J. (1966?) Translocation and Degradation of 4

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17934 Hance, R.J. (1967) Decomposition of herbicides in the soil by non

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23108 Khan, S.U. (1973) Interaction of humic acid with Chlorinated phenoxyacetic and benzoic acids. Environmental Letters 4(2): 141

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27139 Weidner, C.W. (1974) Degradation in Groundwater and Mobility of Herbicides. Master's thesis, Univ. of Nebraska, Dept. of Agron

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27140 Lavy, T.L. (1974) Mobility and Deactivation of Herbicides in Soil

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28409 May, J.W. (1968) Summary of Results of Dicamba and Picloram Behav

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44003 Biggar, J.W.; Cheung, M.W. (1973) Adsorption of Picloram (4

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44006 Brady, H.A. (1965) The Retention of Some Commercial Herbicides by a Hagerstown Silt Loam Soil. Doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State Univ., Dept. of Agr onomy. (Unpublished study received May 5, 1975 under 464

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44007 Davidson, J.M.; Chang, R.K. (1972) Transport of Picloram in rela

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44011 Van Genuchten, M.T.; Davidson, J.M.; Wierenga, P.J. (1974) An eval

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44015 Grover, R. (1973) Movement of picloram in soil columns. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 53(3):307

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44017 Helling, C.S. (1971) Pesticide mobility in soils: II. Applications of soil thin

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44021 Norris, L.A. (1970) The kinetics of adsorption and desorption of 2,4

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re

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59414 Scifres, C.J.; Burnside, O.C.; McCarty, M.K. (1969) Movement and persistence of Picloram in pasture soils of Nebraska. Weed Science 17(4):486

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59962 Uprichard, S.D.; Gilchrist, A.J. (1975) The Influence of Soil Types on the Persistence andPage 65 of 111 Leaching of Dowco 290. (Unpublished study received Nov 12, 1980 under 464

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69075 Hamaker, J.W. (1975) Distribution of Picloram in a High Organic Sediment

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95245 Grover, R. (1973) Movement of picloram in soil columns. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 53(Aug):307

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95247 Grover, R. (1977) Mobility of dicamba, picloram and 2,4

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102567 Youngson, C.; Hamaker, J.; Goring, C. (1964) Sorption, Leaching, and Decomposition of 4

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111422 Hamaker, J.; Goring, C.; Youngson, C. (1966) Sorption and leaching of 4

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111424 Youngson, C. (1964) Effect of Weekly Applications of Water over a 37

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111428 Dow Chemical Co. (1969) ?Study: Picloram Residues in Soil & Water|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Apr 30, 1970 under 0F0863; CDL:091491

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111473 Grover, R. (1971 ) Adsorption of picloram by soil colloids and various other adsorbents. Weed Science 19(4):417

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111485 Meikle, R.; You ngson, C.; Hedlund, R. (1971) Decomposition of Picloram in Soil: Effect of Temperature, Moisture, Concentra

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111516 Helling, C. (1971) Pesticide mobility in soils I. Parameters of thin

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111528 McCall, H.; Bovey, R.; McCully, M; et al. (1972) Adsorption and desorption of picloram, trifluralin, and paraquat by ionic and nonionic exchange resins. Weed Sc ience 20(3):250

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128949 Biggar, J.; Mingelgrin, U.; Cheung, M. (1978) Equili brium and Ki

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128974 LaFleur, K. (1979) Sorption of pesticides by model soils and agro

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128977 McCall, P. (1978) Desorption Kinetics of Picloram. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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128983 Ping, C.; Cheng, H.; McNeal, B . (1975) Variations in picloran leaching patterns for several soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 39(3):470

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128991 Yoshida, T.; Castro, T. (1975) Degradation of 2,4

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13 1366 Gaynor, J. (1971) Surfactant Effects on Bromacil and Picloram Ad

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134404 Corbin, F.; Upchurch, R. (1967) In fluence of pH on Detoxication of Herbicides in Soil.Page 67 of 111 Weeds 15: 370

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140316 Cheng, H.H. (1971) Picloram in soil: Extraction and mechanism of adsorption. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxi

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141646 Evans, J.; Duseja, D. (1973) Herbicide contamination of surface runoff waters. Prepared by Utah State Univ. for the Environ

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28409 May, J.W. (1968) Summary of Results of Dicamba and Picl oram Behav

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29309 Hamilton, K.C.; Arle, H.F. (1968) Herbicide residues i n irrigated soils. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona XXI(2):16

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44006 Brady, H.A. (1965) The Retention of Some Commer cial Herbicides by a Hagerstown Silt Loam Soil. Doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State Univ., Dept. of Agronomy. (Unpublished study received May 5, 1975 under 464

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44014 Goring, C.A .I.; Youngson, C.R.; Hamaker, J.W. (1966) Residues of Tordon in Soil from Field Experiments Treated with Tordon and Sampled at Various Intervals after Treatment. Includes undated method entitled: Bioassay method for the determination of resi

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44018 Lutz, J.F.; Byers, G.E.; Sheets, T.J. (1973) The persistence and movement of Picloram and 2,4,5

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59414 Scifres, C.J.; Burnside, O.C.; McCarty, M.K. (1969) Movement and persistence of Piclor am in pasture soils of Nebraska. Weed Science 17(4):486

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59962 Uprichard, S.D.; Gilchrist, A.J. (1975) The Influenc e of Soil Types on the Persistence and Leaching of Dowco 290. (Unpublished study received Nov 12, 1980 under 464

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102567 Youngson, C.; H amaker, J.; Goring, C. (1964) Sorption, Leaching, and Decomposition of 4

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109132 Hamaker, J. ; Youngson, C.; Goring, C. (1967) Prediction of the Persistence and Activity of Tordon Herbicide in Soils under Field Conditions. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL: 091157

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111428 Dow Chemical Co. (1969) ?Study: Picloram Residues in Soil & Water|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Apr 30, 1970 under 0F0863; CDL:091491

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111434 Bjerke, E.; Getzendaner, M.; Van Giessen, B.; et al. (1969) Resi

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111435 Dow Chemical Co. (1969) ?Picloram: Residues in Soil|. (Compila

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111440 Keys, C.; Friesen, H. (1968) Persistence of picloram activity in soil. Weed Science 16(3):341

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111444 Cheng, H. (1968) Effects of Soil Properties on the Fate of Piclo

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111491 Norris, L. (1969) Herbicides Runoff from Forest Lands Sprayed in Summer. Research progress rept. dated Feb 10, 1969. (Unpub

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111493 Norris, L. (1971) Herbicide Residues in Soil and Water from Bonne

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111494 Norris, L. (1 972) Herbicide Residues in Soil, Water, and Vegetation or Spray Interception Discs, from Bonneville Power Administra

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111499 Evans, J.; Duseja, D. (1973) Herbicide Contamination of Surface Runoff Waters. By Utah State Univ. Washington, DC: U.S. En

- vironmental Protection Agency, Office of Researching and Mon

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111533 Goring, C.; Youngson, C.; Hamaker, J. (1965) Tordon herbicide ... disappearance from soils. Down to Earth 20(4):3

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112013 Baur, J.; Baker, R.; Bovey, R.; et al. (1972) Concentration of picloram in the soil profile. Weed Science 20(4):305

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u nder 464

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128714 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1983) Residue Chemistry: ?Tordon K Salt Liq

- uor: Grains and Animal Tissue|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Jun 20, 1983 under 464

- 502; CDL :250508

- A; 250509)

128951 Bjerke, E.; Ervick, D. (1976) Residues of Picloram in Soil follow

- ing Application of Tordon 101 Mixture to Plots in California: Laboratory Report Code: GH

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- E)

128952 Bjerke, E.; Ervick, D. (1976) Residues of Picloram in Soil from Agricultural Plots Treated with Tordon 22K Herbicide for Peren

- nial Weed Control: Laboratory Report Code: GH

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128954 Bovey, R.; Dowler, C. (1967) Herbicide Residues in Soil

-- Experiment 12: Document No. 42365. 1966 Annual rept. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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- tural Research Service and Texas A & M Univ., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517

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128963 Fryer, D.; Smith, P.; Ludwig, J. (1979) Long

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128978 McNeal, H.; Erickson, L. (1969) Persistance ?sic| of Five Herbi

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128982 Perez, R. (1980) Residues of Picloram in Soil following Application of Tordon Beads Herbicide: Laboratory Report Code GH

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128994 Youngson, C. (1964) Distribution of Tordon in Soil Profiles from Second Sampling of the Hays, Kansa s Experiment: Report No. GS

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- der 464

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128995 Goring, C.; Youngson, C. (1966) Residues of Tordon in Soil from Field Experiments Treated with Tordon and Sampled at Various In

- tervals after Treatment: Report No. GS

771. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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128998 Zimdahl, R. (1975) Column Leaching Stu dies with Triclopyr and Pi

- cloram: A Report. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 un

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136477 Hamaker, J.; Johnston, H.; Martin, R.; et al. (1963) A picolinic acid derivative: A plant growth regulator. Science 141(Jul 26): 363. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 26, 1966 un

- der unknown admin. no.; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Mid

- land, MI; CDL:003384

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140315 Byers, G.E. (1971) The Movement of Two Herbicides in Three Soils. Master's thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of Soil Sci

- ence. (Unpublished study received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

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140317 Dowler, C.C.; Forestier, W.; Tschirley, F .H. (1967) Effect and persistence of herbicides applied to soil in Puerto Rican for

- ests. Weed Science 16:45

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140320 G oring, C.A.I.; Youngson, C.R.; Hamaker, J.W. (1965) Tordon herbi

- cide

-- disappearance from soils. Down to Earth 20(4):4

- 5. (In

- complete; also~In~unpublished submission received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

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145960 Interregional Research Project No. 4 (1975?) The Results of Tests on the Amount of Picloram Residues Remaining in or on Sugarcane Including a Description of the Analytical Method Used. Unpub

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160126 Oliver , G.; Bjerke, E.; Gantz, R. (1986) Field Dissipation and Leaching Study for Grazon P+L Herbicide: GH

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400598 01 Oliver, G.; Bjerke, E. (1987) Update on Field Leaching Stu dy for Grazon P+L Herbicide: [Supplement to Mrid 160126]. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Agricultural Products Dept. 8 p.

416469 01 Cleveland, C.; Bjerke, E.; Oliver, G. (1990) A Field Dissipation Study of Picloram Conducted in Bremond , Texas: Lab Project Num

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425790 01 Petty, D.; Fontaine, D.; Harnick, B. (1992) Non

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- of

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Gillespie 1975. Residues in Soil

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425353 02 Repeate d in GW as well Cryer, S.A., J.R. Peterson, C.A. Lacey and G. Kennett (1992) Picloram Fate in the Northen Rangeland Ecosystem. Performing Labor, DowElanco North American Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Midland, MI48641

- 1706. A&L Great Lakes Laboratories, Inc. 3503 Conestoga Drive, Fort Wayne, IN 46808

- 4413. A&L Midwest Laboratories, Inc. 13611 in Bin St. Omaha, NE 68144. Lab Study ID ENV88088. November 26, 1992.

425583 02 Cryer, Steven A. (1992) Supplement to Picloram Fate in the Northern Rangeland Ecosystem. Submitting Laboratory DowElanco North American Environmental Chemistry laboratory Midland, Michigan 48641

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164

- 2 Aquatic field dissipation
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44008 or 69074 Davis, E.A.; Ingebo, P.A. (1973) Picloram movement from a chap arral watershed. Water Resources Research 9(5):1304

- 1313; Taken from: ?Without Title| ? (? ):69 (Abstract no. 74

- 0312). (Also~In~un

- published submission received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; submit

- ted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:221997

- I)

108136 Evans, J.; Duseja, D. (1973) Herbicide Contamination of Surface Runoff Waters. By Utah State Univ. for U.S. Environmental Pro

- tection Agency, Office of Research and Monitoring. ?S.l.: s.n.|. (EPA

- R2

- 73

- 266; available from: Superintendent of Docu

ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402; published study; CDL:095793

- F)

111413 Youngson, C.; Goring, C. (1967) Movement of Tordon Herbicide in Runoff Water from Watersheds. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 8F0660; submi tted by Dow Chemical Co., Indian

- apolis, IN; CDL:091158

- B)

111521 111520= 1969 Johnsen, T.; Warden, R.; Bean, J.; et al. (1970) Dilution of Picloram Added to Stream Water. Progress rept., 1970. (Unpub

- lished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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- L)

111523 Johnsen, T. (1970) Bumblebee Helicopter Applications of Picloram for Residues Studies. Annual rept., 1970. (U.S. Agricult ural Research Service, unpublished study; CDL:120317

- N)

111525 Johnsen, T. (1970) Residue of Picloram Applied to Utah Juniper, Watershed 3. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, unpublished study; CDL:120317

- P)

128955 Bovey, R.; Richardson, C.; Burnett, E.; et al. (1978) Loss of spray and pelleted Picloram in surface runoff water. J. Environ. Qual. 7(2):178

- 180. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland,Page 73 of 111 MI; CDL:250517

- I)

128957 Byrd, B.; Schwartzbeck, R. (1968) Observations on the Possible Movement of Tordon Herbicide in Response to Soil or Water Move

- ment: Report GH

- P 515. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:2505 17

- K)

128958 Byrd, B.; Williams, C.; Bjerke, E. (1970) A Study of Potential Movement of Picloram after Application to Highway and Railroad Rights

- of

- way. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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- C)

128961 Dennis, D.; Gillespie, W.; Maxey, R.; et al. (1977) Accumulation and persistence of Picloram (Tordon 10K) in surface water and bottom sediments in West Virginia. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 6:421

- 433. ( Also In unpublished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517

- O)

128989 Williams, R. (1963) Persistence of Tordon in Water: Report No. TA

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164

- 3 Forest field dissipation
MRID Citation Reference

128956 Brady, H. (1973) Picloram and Dica mba Persistence in Forest Envi ronments. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by U.S. Forest Service, submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517

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40182201 Neary, D.; Douglass, J.; Fox, W. (1984) Water Quality and Nutrient Cycling Impacts of Using the Herbicide Tordon 10K in Preparing Scrub Hardwood for Conversion to White Pine (Pinus strobus L.): Final Report. By US Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experi

- ment Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Univ. of Flori

- da: FS

- SE

- 1651

- 24(1); available from U.S. Government Printing O ffice. 100 p.

41395301 Knuteson, J.A., K.D. Racke, K.B. Woodburn, E.L. Bjerke and D.G. Petty (1990) Picloram Fate in a Coastal Plain Forest Ecosystem. Performing Laboratory, DowElanco, Formulations and Environmental Chemistry Midland, Michigan, RCRA Anal ytical Services, Inc. 183 Paradise Blvd. Suite 108 Athens, Georgia, A&L Great Lakes Laboratories, Inc. 3505 Conestoga Drive Fort Wayne, Indiana, A&L Midwest Laboratories, Inc. 13611 “B” St. Omaha, Nebraska. Laboratory Project ID GH

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42579003 Cryer, S.; Cooley, T.; Schuster, L. (1992) The Dissipation and Movement of Picloram in Northern USA Forest Ecosystem: Lab Project Number: ENV91088: PM91

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- Agricultural Labs, Inc. 376 p.
164

- 5 Long term soil dissipationPage 74 of 111 MRID Citation Reference

159285 Hamaker, J.; Youngson, C.; Goring, C . (1967) Prediction of the per sistence and activity of Tordon herbicide in soils under field conditions. Down to Earth 23(2):30

- 36.

401822 01 repeated Neary, D.; Douglass, J.; Fox, W. (1984) Water Quality and Nutrient Cycling Impacts of Using the Herbicide Tordon 10K in Preparing Scrub Hardwood for Conversion to White Pine (Pinus strobus L.): Final Report. By US Forest Service, Southeastern Fore st Experi

- ment Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Univ. of Flori

- da: FS

- SE

- 1651

- 24(1); available from U.S. Government Printing Office. 100 p.
165

- 0 Accumulation Studies

-- General
MRID Citation Reference

128986 Scifres, C.; McCall, H.; Maxey, R.; et al. (1977) Residual proper

- ties of 2,4,5

- T and picloram in sandy rangeland soils. J. Envi

- ron. Qual. 6(1):36

- 42. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:25 0518

- K)

128996 Youngson, C.; Meikle, R. (1972) Residues of Picloram Acquired by a Mosquito Fish, ..., from Treated Water: Problem No. 4221300001. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submit

- ted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL :250518

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165

- 5 Bioacculmulation in Fish
421211 08 Woodburn, K.B., S.C. Hansen, T. Ball and P.C. Wilga (1991) Picloram 2

- ethylhexyl ester. Bioconcentration in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

. Performed by The Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Res earch Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences. The Dow Chemical Company Midland, Michigan 48674. Laboratory Project Study ID ES

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128947 Bidlack, H. (1980) Determination of the Bioconcentration Factor for Picloram in Bluegill Sunfish d uring Continuous Aqueous Exposure: GH

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165

- 1 Confined rotational crop
MRID Citation Reference

157172 Stafford, L.; M iller, J. (1986) [Carbon

- 14] Picloram Rotational Crop Study: GH

- C 1784. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical USA. 43 p.

426418 01 Kimmel, E.; Aldcroft, K.; Ewing, A. (1993) A Confined Rotational Crop Study with (carbon 14)

- Picloram Using Turnips, Mu stard Greens, Wheat, and Corn: Lab Project Number: 311W: MET9106. Unpublished study prepared by PTRL

- West, Inc. 257 p.Page 75 of 111 165

- 2 Field rotational crop
MRID Citation Reference

157172 Stafford, L.; Miller, J. (1986) [Carbon

- 14] Picloram Rotational Crop Study: GH

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166

- 1 Ground water

- small prospective
MRID Citation Reference

454007 01 Havens, P.; Murrow, D.; Pottinger, M. (2001) State Groundwater Surveillance Monitoring Program for Picloram Herbicide: Field Progress Report: Lab Project Number: 980054: 96

- 330: ENV960714. Unpublished study prepared by Stone Environmental, Inc. and Agvise Laboratories. 861 p.

No MRID Loss of Picloram i k t o Surface and Ground water. G. 0. Hoffman

, 2. D. Robison an6 M. G. Merkle, Texas A & M U n i v e r s i t y , College Station, Texas.

No MRID D17422 1 Title: Prospective Groundwater Study: Picloram in a Northern Rangeland Environment

425353 02 See above

425353 02 Repeate d Cryer, S.A., J.R. Peters on, C.A. Lacey and G. Kennett (1992) Picloram Fate in the Northen Rangeland Ecosystem. Performing Labor, DowElanco North American Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Midland, MI48641

- 1706. A&L Great Lakes Laboratories, Inc. 3503 Conestoga Drive, Fort Wayne , IN 46808

- 4413. A&L Midwest Laboratories, Inc. 13611 in Bin St. Omaha, NE 68144. Lab Study ID ENV88088. November 26, 1992.

425583 02 Cryer, Steven A. (1992) Supplement to Picloram Fate in the Northern Rangeland Ecosystem. Submitting Laboratory DowElanco N orth American Environmental Chemistry laboratory Midland, Michigan 48641

- 1706. Lab Study ID 88088.
202

- 1 Drift field evaluation
MRID Citation Reference

403465 07 Johnson, B.; Wright, W. (1978) Evaluation of Nalco

- Trol Thickening Agent To Contr ol Drift from Aerial Application of Tordon 101 Mixture and Garlon 3A Herbicide. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical. 46 p.

403465 10 Byass, J.; Lake, J. (1977) Spray drift from a tractor

- powered field sprayer. Pesticide Science 8:117

- 126.Page 76 of 111 403465 1 1 Stephenson, G. (1976) Evaluation of Nalco

- Trol/Lo

- Drift and Bivert TDN for Reducing Herbicidal Drift in Roadside Spraying. Unpub

- lished study prepared by Univ. of Guelph. 9 p.

403465 14 Holt, H.; Voeller, J.; Young, J.; et al. (1975) Drift of Tordon 15 5 mixture in a dormant season mist blower application. Industrial Vegetation Management 7(2):19

- 24.

403465 18 Lehman, S. (1967) Rrogress (sic) Report of Studies on Effectiveness of Picloram for Yaupon and Winged Elm Control: and Characteristics of Norbak Particulated Sprays. Unpublished study prepared by Texas A & M Univ. 81 p.

Non Guideline Selection
24011 Kearney, P.C.; Helling, C.S. (1969) Reactions of pesticides in soils. Residue Reviews 25:25

- 44. (Also~In~unpublished submis

- sion received Aug 28, 1975 under 100

- 437; submitted by Ciba

- Geigy Corp., Greensboro, N.C.; CDL:221042

- K)

26338 Van Schreven, D.A.; Lindenbergh, D.J.; Koridon, A. (1970) Effect of several herbicides on bacterial populations and activity and the persistence of these herbicides in soil. Plant and Soil 33(? ): 513

- 532. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Jan 2, 1980 under 2217

- 485; submitted by PBI

- Gordon Corp., Kansas City, Kans.; CDL:241579

- T)

40673 Sheets, T.J. (1970) Persistence of Triazine herbicides in soils. Residue Reviews 32(? ):287

- 310. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Jul 19, 1978 under 201

- 403; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:234476

- N)

44005 Bovey, R.W.; Scifres, C.J. (1971) Residual Characteristics of Pic

- loram in Grassland Eco systems. College Station, Tex.: Texas A & M Univ., Agricultural Experiment Station. (B

- 1111; also~In~ unpublished submission received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; sub

mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:221997

- E)

45403 Bovey, R.W.; Scifres, C.J. (1971) Residual Characteristics of Pic

- loram in Grassland Ecosystems. College Station, Tex.: Texas A & M Univ., Agricultural Experiment Station. (B

- 1111; also~In~ unpublished submission received on unknown date under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemica l U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:093160

- A)

44022 Norris, L.A.; Moore, D.G. (1970) The entry and fate of forest chem

- icals in streams. Pages 138

- 158,~In~Proceedings of a Symposium: Forest Land Uses and Stream Environment; Oct 19

- 21, 1970. Cor

- vallis, Oreg. : Oregon State Univ., Forestry Extension. (Also ?~In~unpublished submission received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:221997

- Y)

44023 Youngson, C.R.; Gantz, G.L.; Gantz, R.L.; et al. (1966) Residues of Tord on in Soil from Fields Treated for Selective Weed Control with Tordon^(R)I Herbicide. Includes undated method entitled: Bioassay method for the determination of residues of Tordon her

- bicide in soil. (Unpublished study received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL: 221997

- Z)

44024 Youngson, C.R.; Watson, A.J.; Bovey, R.W.; et al. (1966) Residues of Tordon from FieldPage 77 of 111 Soils Receiving Multiple Applications. In

- cludes undated method entitled: Bioassay method for t he deter

- mination of residues of Tordon herbicide in soil. (Unpublished study received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chem

- ical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:221997

- AA)

44025 Youngson, C.R.; Wright, W.G.; Higgins, R.E.; et al. (1966) Residue s of Tordon in Soil from Fields Treated with Tordon Herbicide for Weed Control. Includes undated method entitled: Bioassay method for the determination of residues of Tordon herbicide in soil. (Unpublished study received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; submitte d by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:221997

- AB)

45366 Bjerke, E.L. (1973) Determination of Residues of Picloram in Soil by Gas Chromatography. Method ACR 73.3 dated May 21, 1973. (Unpublished study received Jul 3, 1975 under 6F1653; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094500

- D)

69076 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1975) Summary of the Pathways of the Degra

- dation of Picloram. (Unpublished study received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

- 541; CDL:228626

- C)

69077 Dow Chemical Company (1968) Report of an Investigation by Dow of the Alleged Presence of Herbicidal Contamination of Irrigation Well Water at Kimball, Nebraska. (Unpublished study, including letter dated Jan 24, 1969 from G.E. Lynn to Harry B. Hays, received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

- 541; CDL: 228626

- D)

69078 Dow Chemical Company (1968) Determination of 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- tri

- chloropicolinic Acid in Water: Method ACR 68 14 dated Sep 26, 1968. (Unpublished study received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

- 541; CDL:228626

- E)

69079 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1976) Herbicide Contamina

- tion in Water Supplies, Kimball, Nebraska. (Office of Enforce

- ment, National Enforcement Investigations Center, and Region VII; unpublished study; CDL:228626

- F)

69973 Dow Chemical Company (1964) Determination of Tordo n Residues in Water and Blood by Gas Chromatography. Tentative residue de

- termination method ACR 64.6 dated Nov 18, 1964. (Unpublished study received on unknown date under unknown admin. no.; CDL: 130992

- J)

111412 Dow Chemical Co. (1967) ?Photodecomposi tion of Tordon and Movement in Run

- off Water|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 8F0660; CDL:091158

- A)

111421 Goring, C.; Griffith, J.; O'Melia, F.; et al. (1967) The effect of tordon on microorganisms and soil biological process es. Down to Earth 22(4):14

- 17. (Also In unpublished submission received Nov 6, 1967 under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indian

- apolis, IN; CDL:091156

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111500 Goring, C.; Hamaker, J. (1971) The degradation and movement of picloram in soil and water. Down to Earth 27(1):12

- 15. (Also In unpublished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:120352

- D)

111426 Grover, R. (1967) Studies on the degradation of 4

- amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid inPage 78 of 111 soil. Weed Res. 7:61

- 67. (Also In unpublished submission received Nov 6, 1967 under 8F0660; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:091156

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111430 Hamaker, J.; Youngson, C.; Goring, C. (1967) Prediction of the Persistence and activit y of Tordon herbicide in soils under field conditions. Down to Earth 23(2):30

- 36. (Also In unpub

- lished submission received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Washington, DC; CDL:091492

- G)

111443 Helling, C. (1968) Pesticide Mobili ty Investigations Using Soil Thin

- layer Chromatography. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service; unpublished study; CDL:091492

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111449 Youngson, C.; Yeaman, M.; Meikle, R. (1969) An Evaluation of Some Factors Influencing the Decomposition of ... ?Tordon| i n Soil: Report GS

- 1002. (Unpublished study received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL: 091492

- AF)

111450 Youngson, C.; Laskowski, D. (1969) An Evaluation of Various Soil Conditions on the Decomposition of ... ?Tordon|: Report GS

- 1018. Summary of studies 091492

- V, 091492

- X, 091492

- AB and 091492

- AF. (Unpublished study received Apr 4, 1982 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:091492

- AH)

124630 Debona, A.; Audus, L. (1970) Studies on the effects of herbicides on soil nitrification. Weed Res. 10:250

- 263. (Also In unpub

- lished submission received Dec 1, 1970 under 1F1105; submitted by Agchem Div., Pennwalt Corp., Philadelphia, PA; CDL:094511

- K)

128948 Bidlack, H. (1980) Kinetics of A ged Picloram in a Model Aquatic Microcosm: GH

- C 1370. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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- B)

128962 Frank, R.; Sirons, G.; Ripley, B. (1979) Water: Herbicide con

- tamination an d decontamination of well waters in Ontario, Cana

- da, 1969

- 78. Pesticides Monitoring Journal 13(3):120

- 127. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 250517

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140318 Dubey, H.D. (1969) Effect of picloram, diuron, ametryne, and prometryne on nitrification in some tropical soils. Soil Sci

- ence Society of America Proceedings 33:893

- 896. (Also~In~un

- published submission received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

- 423; submit

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N/A Fate Oneliner Report 1991 Statewide Monitoring of Picloram in West Va. 1984 Product Chemistry Summary Residue Chemistry Summary

005102 Picloram TIPA Salt Effects Bibliography 71

- 1 Avian Sing le Dose Oral Toxicity
MRID Citation ReferencePage 79 of 111 27381 Kenaga, E.E. (1969) Tordon herbicides

-- Evaluation of safety to fish and birds. Down to Earth 25(1):5

- 9. (Also~In~unpublished sub

- mission received Jan 8, 1973 under 464

- 205; submitted by Dow Chemica l U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:008203

- G) also in 005101 and 005104
71

- 2 Avian Dietary Toxicity
MRID Citation Reference

129069 Fink, R. (1975) Eight

- day Dietary LC50

-- Bobwhite Quail: Tordon 101 Mixture: Project No. 103

- 133. Final rept. (Unpublis hed study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 250605

- H)

129071 Fink, R. (1975) Eight

- day Dietary LC50

-- Mallard Ducks: Tordon 101 Mixture: Project No. 103

- 134. Final rep t. (Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 250605

- J)
71

- 4 Avian Reproductive Effects
129082

or 129081 Somers, J.; Moran, E.; Reinhart, B . (1974) Effect of external ap plication of pesticides to the fertile egg on hatching success and early chick performance. 2. Commercial

- herbicide mixtures of 2,4

- D with picloram or 2,4,5

- T using the pheasant. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 11(4):339

- 342. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- V)

141980 Somers, J.; Moran, E.; Reinhart, B. (1978) Reproductive success of hens and cockerels originating from eggs spra yed with 2,4

- D, 2, 4

- 5

- T and picloram followed by ea rly performance of their proge ny after a comparable in ovo exposure. Bull. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 20:111

- 119.
72

- 1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish
MRID Citation Reference

129065 Dill, D .; Mayes, M. (1982) The Toxic ity of Picloram ..., Triisopro panolamine Salt, to Representative Freshwater Organisms: Labora

- tory Report Code ES

- 562. Final rept. (Unpublished study re

- ceived Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Mid land, MI; CDL:250605

- D)

129075

or 4520510 7 Lorz, H.; Glenn, S.; Williams, R.; et al. (1979) Effects of Selected Herbicides on Smolting of Coho Salmon. By Oregon, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Research and Development Section and U.S. Forest Service, Pacifi c Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Corvallis, OR: US EPA. (EPA

- 600/3

- 79

- 071; Grant #R

- 804283; pages i,iv

- x,1,6

- 14,40

- 50,83

- 85,92 only; also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midl and, MI;Page 80 of 111 CDL:250605

- N)

41478 or 75783 Hardy, J.L. (1962) Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I and Formulations to Aquatic Organisms. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 un

- der 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- K)

41479 Hardy, J.L. (1963) Toxicity Studies with Tordon 101 Mixture on Fish, Snails and Daphnia. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- L)

41146 Duddles, G.A. (1968) The Acute To xicity of Tord on Herbicide For mulations: 144, 155, 202, 212 and 225. (Unpublished study re

- ceived on unknown date under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094930

- H)

41147 Duddles, G.A. (1968) The Acute Fish Toxicity of the Triisopropanol

- am ine salt of 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid. (Unpub

- lished study received on unknown date under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094930

- I)
72

- 2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates
MRID Citation Reference

75783 or 41478 Hardy, J.L. (1962) Toxicity of Tor don^(R)I and Formulations to A quatic Organisms. (Unpublished study received Nov 21, 1967 un

- der 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, Ind.; CDL:091155

- M)

129065 Dill, D.; Mayes, M. (198 2) The Toxicity of Picloram ..., Triisopro

- panolamine Salt, to Representative Freshwater Organisms: Labora

- tory Report Code ES

- 562. Final rept. (Unpublished study re

- ceived Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:2 50605

- D)

41478 Hardy, J.L. (1962) Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I and Formulations to Aquatic Organisms. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 un

- der 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- K)

41479 Hardy, J.L. (1963) Toxicity S tudies with Tordon 101 Mixture on Fish, Snails and Daphnia. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- L)

41483 Dow Chemical Company (1964?) Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms, Other Than Fish: Summary Statement. Summary of study 094524

- R. (Un

- published study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; CDL:094524

- Q)
72

- 3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms
MRID Citation Reference

111552 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, B iolog ical Laboratory (1968) Bio assay Screening Test: (Tordon 22K). (Unpublished study; CDL: 130991

- A)

129074 Heitmuller, T. (1975) Acute Toxicity of Tordon 101 Mixture to Lar

- vae of the EasternPage 81 of 111 Oyster (Crassostrea virginica), Pink Shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), and Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugilator). (Unpub

- lished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Bionomics

-- EG & G, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Mid

- land, MI; CDL:250605

- M)

4395950 3 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1995) Tordon 101M H erbicide: Acute Toxicity to the Silverside, Menidia beryllina: Lab Project Number: DECO

- ES

- 2927: 647

- DO. Unpublished study prepared by T.R. Wilbury Labs, Inc. 26 p.
72

- 4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study
MRID Citation Refe rence

27381 Kenaga, E.E. (1969) Tordon herbicides

-- Evaluation of safety to fish and birds. Down to Earth 25(1):5

- 9. (Also~In~unpublished sub

- mission received Jan 8, 1973 under 464

- 205; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:008203

- G)

41146 Duddles, G.A. (1968) The Acute Toxicity of Tordon Herbicide For

- mulations: 144, 155, 202, 212 and 225. (Unpublished study re

- ceived on unknown date under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094930

- H)

41147 Duddles, G.A . (1968) The Acute Fish Toxicity of the Triisopropanol

- amine salt of 4

- Amino

- 3,5,6

- trichloropicolinic acid. (Unpub

- lished study received on unknown date under 8F0660; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094930

- I)

41476 Winston, A.W., Jr. (1963) Fish Toxicity of Tordon and Tordon Formu

- lations. 2nd rept. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 un

- der 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- I)

41477 Winston, A.W., Jr. (1962) Fish Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I a nd Tordon Formulations. 1st rept. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

- J)

44103 Dow Chemical Company (1963) Toxicity Studies with Tordon 101 Mix

- ture on Fish, Snails and Daphn ia. (Unpublished study received Apr 1, 1963 under 464

- 306; CDL:100568

- F)

129075 4520510 7 Lorz, H.; Glenn, S.; Williams, R.; et al. (1979) Effects of Selected Herbicides on Smolting of Coho Salmon. By Oregon, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Research and Devel opment Section and U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Corvallis, OR: US EPA. (EPA

- 600/3

- 79

- 071; Grant #R

- 804283; pages i,iv

- x,1,6

- 14,40

- 50,83

- 85,92 only; also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 4 64

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- N)

4395950 4 Weinberg, J.; Hugo, J.; Landre, A. (1996) Evaluation of the Toxicity of Picloram Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) Salt to the Early Life

- Stages of the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales prom elas Rafinesque: Lab Project Number: DECO

- ES

- 3037. Unpublished study prepared by The Dow Chemical Co. 39 p.
123

- 1 Seed germination/seedling emergence and vegitative vigorPage 82 of 111 MRID Citation Reference

4327660 1 Schwab, D. (1994) Evaluating the Effec ts of Picloram on the Germination, Emergence, and Vegetative Vigor of Non

- Target Terrestrial Plants: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 41404. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 137 p.

155937 Jotcham, J.R. (1985) An Evaluation of Crop Se nsitivity to Soil Active Herbicides by Laboratory Bioassay Technique. Balsam Research, Berwick, Nova Scotia, April 1985. (Unpublished Study Received January 13, 1986, Submitted by Dow Chemical under Accession No. 261128).

4129650 1 Weseloh, J.W. and G.D. S tockdale (1989) A Study to Determine the Effects of Picloram on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor. Laboratory Project ID: GH

- P 1444. Conducted by Midland Field Research Station, Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI. Submitted by DowElan co, Midland, MI. EPA No.41296501.
123

- 2 Aquatic plant growth
MRID Citation Reference

4140770 1 Hughes, J. (1990) The Toxicity of Tordon 101 to Selenastrum capri

- cornutum: Lab Project Number: 0460

- 04

- 1100

- 4. Unpublished study prepared by Malco lm Pirnie, Inc. 33 p.

4140770 2 Hughes, J. (1990) The Toxicity of Picloram, Potassium Salt to Selenastrum capricornutum. Laboratory Project ID: 0460

- 04

- 1100

- 2. Conducted by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., Elmsford, NY. Submitted by DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN. EPA MRID No. 414077

- 02.

4323030 3 Boeri, R.L., J.P. Magazu and T.J. Ward (1994) Tordon 101 Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula pelliculosa

. Laboratory Project No. 433

- DO. Conducted by T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc., Marblehead, MA. Submitt ed by the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI. EPA MRID No. 43230303.

4323030 6 Ward, T.; Magazu, J.; Boeri, R. (1994) Tordon 101 Herbicide: Toxicity to the Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum: Lab Project Number: 434/DO: ES/2770. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 25 p.

4323030 9 Boeri, R.; Magazu, J.; Ward, T. (1994) Tordon 101 Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue

- Green Alga, Anabaena flos

- aquae: Lab Project Number: 435/DO: ES/2771. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilb ury Laboratories, Inc. 24 p.

4323031 2 Milazzo, D.; Kirk, H.; Humbert, L.; et al. (1994) The Toxicity of Tordon 101 Herbicide Formulation to the Aquatic Plant Duckweed, Lemna gibba L.G

- 3: Lab Project Number: DECO

- ES

- 2763. Unpublished study prepared by The Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Research Lab. 35 p.Page 83 of 111 Acute Toxicity to Honeybees
129066 Doty, A.E. (1965) Some Observations of theToxicity of TORDON* Herbicide on Honey Bees. Bioproducts Department. The Dow Chemical Company. Midland, Michigan

1114 88 Moffett, J.O., H.L. Morton and R.H. Macdonald (1972) Toxicity of Some Herbicidal Sprays to Honey Bees. J. Econ. Ent. 65: 32

- 36

41366901 Hoxter, K.A. and M. Jaber (1989) Tordon® 101: An Acute Contact Toxicity Study with the Honey Bee. Laboratory Projec t No. 103

- 313. Conducted by Wildlife International Ltd., Easton, MD. Submitted by the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI. EPA MRID No. 41366901. 005102 Picloram TIPA Salt Chemistry Fate Bibliography 163

- 1 Leach/adsorp/desorption
MRID Citation Referen ce

00160126 Oliver, G., E. Bjerke and R. Gantz (1986) Field Dissipation and Leaching Study for Grazon P+L Herbicide: GH

- C 1819. Unpublished Study Prepared by Dow Chemical USA.

40059801 Oliver, G. and E. Bjerke (1987) Update on Field Leaching Study f or Grazon P+L Herbicide: Supplement to MRID 00160126. Unpublished Study Prepared by Dow Chemical USA, Agricultural Products Dept.
164

- 1 Terrestrial field dissipation
MRID Citation Reference

59416 Scifres, C.J.; Hahn, R.R.; Diaz

- Colon, J.; et a l. (1971) Picloram persistence in semiarid rangeland soils and water. Weed Sci

- ence 19(4):381

- 384. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:120353

- G)

111434 Bjerke, E.; Ge tzendaner, M.; Van Giessen, B.; et al. (1969) Resi

- dues of Picloram in Soil from Treatment of Rangeland with Tor

- don Herbicide: Report GH

- C 311. (Unpublished study received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indi

- anapolis, IN; CDL: 091492

- N)

111472 Green, L. (1972) Letter sent to L. Warren dated Sep 7, 1972 ?Effi

- cacy of various chemicals applied to watersheds|: 4400. (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Fire Laboratory; unpublished s tudy; CDL: 120318

- S)

111475 Haas, R.; Scifres, C.; Merkle, M.; et al. (1971) Occurrence and persistence of picloram in grassland water sources. Weed Res. 11:54

- 62. (Also In unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chem ical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:120318

- X)Page 84 of 111 111519 Hunter, J.; Stobbe, E. (1972) Movement and persistence of picloram in soil. Weed Science 20(5):486

- 489. (Also In unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:120317

- J)

128987 Sirons, G.; Frank, R.; Dell, R. (1977) Picloram residues in sprayed Macdonald

Cartier Freeway right

- of

- way. Bulletin of Environmen

- tal Contamination & Toxicology 18(5):526

- 533. (Also In unpub

- lished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250518

- M)

128988 Suffling, R.; Smith, D.; Sirons, G. (1974) Lateral loss of picloram and 2,4

- D from a forest podsol during rainstorms. Weed Re

- search 14:301

- 304. (Also In

un published submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Mid

- land, MI; CDL:250518

- N)

130584 Johnsen, T.; Warskow, W. (1980) Effects of fall burning of chapar

- ral woodland on soil residues of Picloram. Weed Science 28( 3): 282

- 284. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517AB)

00160126 Oliver, G., E. Bjerke and R. Gantz (1986) Field Dissipation and Leaching Study for Grazon P+L Herbicid e: GH

- C 1819. Unpublished Study Prepared by Dow Chemical USA.
164

- 2 Aquatic field dissipation
MRID Citation Reference

69080 Wicks, G.A.; Fenster, C.R. (1975) Picloram Movement in Nebraska Ground Water Study during 1969 to 1975. (Unpublished st udy received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

- 541; prepared by Univ. of Ne

- braska, North Platte Station and Panhandle Station, submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.; CDL:228626

- G)

111475 Haas, R.; Scifres, C.; Merkle, M.; et al. (1971) Occurrence and persi stence of picloram in grassland water sources. Weed Res. 11:54

- 62. (Also In unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:120318

- X)

128971 Johnsen, T. (1980) Picloram in water and soil from a semiarid pin

- yon

- juniper watershed. J. Environ. Qual. 9(4):601

- 605. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517AA)

128972 Johnsen, T.; Warskow, W. (1980) Picloram diss ipation in a small southwestern stream. Weed Science 28(5):612

- 615. (Also In un

- published submission received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517AC)

111520= 1969 115521= 1970 Johnson, T.; Warden, R.; B ean, J.; et al. (1969) Dilution of Picloram Added to Stream Water. Progress rept., 1969. (Un

- published study received Sep 26, 1974Page 85 of 111 under 464

- 323; prepared in cooperation with U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Crops Research Div., submitted by Dow Chemic al U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:120317

- K)

Groundwater Monitoring

59422 Wicks, G.A.; Fenster, C.R. (1972) Progress Report of Picloram Movement in a Nebraska Ground Water Study (1969

- 1972). (Unpub

- lished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; prepared b y Univ. of Nebraska, North Platte and Panhandle Stations, sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:120353

- M)

Non

- Guideline

111428 Dow Chemical Co. (1969) ?Study: Picloram Residues in Soil & Water|. (Compilation; unpublished study receiv ed Apr 30, 1970 under 0F0863; CDL:091491

- A)

111550 Byrd, B. (1969) Railroad: ?Efficacy of Tordon 101 plus Norbak|. Interim rept. (Unpublished study received Jan 21, 1969 under 464

- EX

- 31; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 123616

- A)

128 714 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1983) Residue Chemistry: ?Tordon K Salt Liq

- uor: Grains and Animal Tissue|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Jun 20, 1983 under 464

- 502; CDL:250508

- A; 250509)

135503 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1970) Performance: ?Tordon 101 We ed Killer: Residue and Environmental Chemistry Data|. (Compilation; unpub

- lished study received Jan 19, 1970 under 464

- 306; CDL:003508

- A)

005104 Picloram potassium salt Eco Effects Bibliography

71

- 1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity
MRID Citation Reference

27381 Kenaga, E.E. (1969) Tordon herbicides

-- Evaluation of safety to fish and birds. Down to Earth 25(1):5

- 9. (Also In unpublished sub mission received Jan 8, 1973 under 464

- 205; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:00820 3

- G)

157174 164726 Beavers, J. (1985) Picloram Potassium Salt: An Acute Oral Toxicity Study with the Mallard: Final Report: Project No. 103

- 245. Un

- published study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 17 p.

41106 Stevenson, G.T. (1962) Oral Toxicit y of Tordon acid in Chickens. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094525

- Q)Page 86 of 111 71

- 2 Avian Dietary Toxicity
MRID Citation Reference

112977 Fink, R. (1975) Eight

- day Dietary LC 50

-- Mallard Ducks: Tordon 10K Pellets: Project No. 103

- 130. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Sep 10, 1976 under 464

- 541; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 226137

- A)

112978 Fink, R. (1975) Eight

- da y Dietary LC50

-- Bobwhite Quail: Tordon 10K Pellets: Project No. 103

- 129. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Sep 10, 1976 under 464

- 541; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 226137

- B)

129068 Fink, R. (1 975) Eight

- day Dietary LC50

-- Bobwhite Quail: Tordon 22K: Project No. 103

- 131. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- G)

129070 Fink, R . (1975) Eight

- day Dietary LC50

-- Mallard Ducks: Tordon 22K: Project No. 103

- 132. Final rept. (Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- I)

40054501 Be avers, J.?(1986) Picloram Potassium Salt: A Dietary LC50 Study with the Bobwhite: Final Report: Wildlife International, Ltd. Project No. 103

- 244 (Unpublished Study Submitted by Dow Chemical Company, Received October 1, 1986 under Accession Nos. 261883, 265 983, 40054501.

164727 Beavers, J. (1986) Picloram Potassium Salt: A Dietary LC50 Study with the Bobwhite: Final Report: WIL Project No. 103

- 244. Un

- published study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 17 p.

41113 Stevenson, G.T. (1965) A Gamebird To xicology Study

-- Acute Dietary Feeding of Tordon to Wild Type Mallard Ducklings. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemi

- cal U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094525

- X)
71

- 4 Avian reproduction
141980 Somers, J., E.T. M organ, Jr. and B.S. Reinhart (1978) Reproductive Success of Hens and Cockerels Originating from Eggs Sprayed with 2,4

- D, 2,4,5

- T and Picloram Followed by Early Performance of Their Progeny after a Comparable in ovo Exposure. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20: 111

- 119.
72

- 1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish
MRID Citation Reference

75784 Williams, R.C.; Gantz, R.L. (1963) Fish Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I. (UnpublishedPage 87 of 111 study received Nov 21, 1967 under 8F0660; submit

- ted by Dow Chemical Co., Indiana polis, Ind.; CDL:091155

- O)

75786 Swabey, Y.H. (1963) Letter sent to E.E. Wiffen dated May 8, 1963: ?Toxicity of Tordon 22K to lake emerald shiner|: Toxicity Test No. 63

- 34. (Ontario, Water Resources Commission, Div. of Labo

- ratories; unpublished study; CDL:091155

- R)

111461 McCann, J. (1967) ?Tordon 24.9%: Bluegill|: Test No. 48. (U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Pesticides Regulation Div.; Animal Biology Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL:108529

- A)

129063 Cope, O. (1966) Sport Fishery Research. De nver, CO: USDI. (Quar

- terly progress reports, Sep 30; also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- B)

129072 Fogels, A.; Sprague, J. (1977) Comparative short

- term tolerance of zebrafish, flagfish, and rainbow trout to five poisons including potential reference toxicants. Water Research 11:811

- 817. (Al

- so In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL: 25060 5

- K)

129075 Lorz, H.; Glenn, S.; Williams, R.; et al. (1979) Effects of Selected Herbicides on Smolting of Coho Salmon. By Oregon, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Research and Development Section and U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Ex periment Station. Corvallis, OR: US EPA. (EPA

- 600/3

- 79

- 071; Grant #R

804283; pages i,iv

- x,1,6

- 14,40

- 50,83

- 85,92 only; also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- N)

129080 Sergeant, M.; Blazek, D.; Elder, J.; et al. (1971) The toxicity of 2,4

- D and picloram herbicides to fish. Proc. Indiana Academy of Science 80:114

- 123. (Also In unpublished submission received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., M idland, MI; CDL:250605

- T)

43959503 Boeri, R.L., J.P. Magazu and T.J. Ward (1995) Tordon 101M Herbicide: Acute Toxicity to the Silverside, Menidia beryllina Laboratory: T.R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc., Marblehead, MA. Sponsor: DowElanco, Midland, MI. ID 647

- DO.

95013 Alexander, H.C. and T.L. Batchelder (1966) Acute Fish Toxicity of Daxtron® , Tordon® and Dursban® to Three Species of Fish. Waste Control Department. The Dow Chemical Company. Midland, Michigan.
72

- 2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Inver tebrates
MRID Citation Reference

75783 Hardy, J.L. (1962) Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I and Formula tions to A quatic Organisms. (Unpublished study received Nov 21, 1967 un

- der 8F0660; submitted by DowPage 88 of 111 Chemical Co., Indianapolis, Ind.; CDL:091155

- M)

12907 7 McCarty, W. (1977) Toxicity of Potassium Salt of Picloram to Daph

- nids. (Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250605

- P)

151783 Gersich, F.M., D.L. Hopkins and D.P. Milazzo (1984) The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Technical Picloram to Daphnia magna straus. Prepared by Dow Chemical, Midland, MI.
72

- 3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms
MRID Citation Reference

111560 Heitmuller, T. (1975) Acute Toxicit y of Tordon 1 0K Pellets to Lar vae of the Easter Oyster ..., Pink Shrimp ..., and Fiddler Crabs (Uca

- pugilater). (Unpublished study received Sep 10, 1976 under 464

- 541; prepared by Bionomics

-- EG & G, Inc., submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:226137

- D)

1 29073 Heitmuller, T. (1975) Acute Toxicity of Tordon 22K to Larvae of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica), Pink Shrimp (Penaeus du

- orarum), and Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugilator). (Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Biono mics

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72

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41476 Winston, A.W., Jr. (1963) Fish Toxicity of Tordon and Tordon Formu

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41477 Winston, A.W., Jr. (1962) Fish Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I and Tordon Formulations. 1st rept. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 und er 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:094524

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41480 Williams, R.C.; Gantz, R.L. (1963) Fish Toxicity of Tordon^(R)I. (Unpublished study received Nov 6, 1967 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL: 094524

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151783 Gersich, F.M., D.L. Hopkins and D.P. Milazzo (1984) The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Technical Picloram to Daphnia magna straus. Prep ared by Dow Chemical, Midland, MI.

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44156701 Schwab, D. (1996) Evaluating the Effects of Picloram (K

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45809301 Wright, J. (1995) A Comparison of the Results from the 1989, 1994, and 1995 Picloram Non

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ACC 261128

111517 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1986) Nontarget Area Phytotoxicity [Using Technical Picloram]. Unpublished compilation. 109 p.

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59420 Ragab, M. (1975) Residues of picloram in soil and their effects on crops. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 55:55

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43959505 Scwab, D. (1995) Evaluating the Effects of Picloram (K

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41296501 Weseloh, J.; Stockdale, G. (1989) A Study To Determine the Effects of Picloram on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor: Lab Project Number GH

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123

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41407702 Hughes, J. (1990) The Toxicity of P icloram, Potassium Salt to Sel enastrum capricornutum: Lab Project Number: 0460

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43230302 Boeri , R.; Kowalski, P.; Ward, T. (1994) Tordon K Herbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula pelliculosa: Lab Project Number: 436/DO: ES/2772. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 24 p.

43230305 Boeri, R.; Kowalski, P.; W ard, T. (1994) Tordon K Herbicide: Toxicity to the Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum: Lab Project Number: 437/DO: ES/2773. Unpublished study prepared by T. R. Wilbury Laboratories, Inc. 24 p.

43230308 Boeri, R.; Kowalski, P.; Ward, T. (1994) Tordon K H erbicide: Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue

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Dill, D.; Mayes, M. (1982) The Toxicity of Picloram Potassium Salt (4

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3,5,6

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41366901 Hoxter, K. and M.; Jaber, M. (1989) Tordon® 101: An Acute Contact Toxicity Study with the Honey Bee. Laboratory Project No. 103

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111490 Morton, H.; Moffett, J. (1972) Ovicidal and larvicidal effects of certain herbicides on honey bees. Environmental Entomology 1 (5):611

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129066 Doty, A. (1965) Some Observations of the Toxicity of Tordon Herbi

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111488 Moffett, J.; Morton, H.; MacDonald, R. (1972) Toxicity of some herbicidal sprays to honey bees. Journal of Economic Ento mology 65(1):32

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Non Guideline Selections
41486 Hardy, J.L. (1966) Effect of Tordon herbicides on aquatic chain or

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3,5,6

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51018 Fisher, C.E. (1975) Letter sent to Lawrence S outhwick dated Apr 3, 1975 ?Drift of 22K herbicide to non

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005104 Picloram Potassium salt Chemistry Fate Bibliography

161

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111477 Hamaker, J.W. (1964) Decomposition of Aqueous Tordon Solutions by Sunlight. Prepared and Submitted by the Dow Chemical Company, Bioproducts Research Seal Beach, CA.
161

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111441 Merkle, M.; Bovey, R.; Davis, F. (1967) Factors affecting the persistence of picloram in soil. Agronomy Journal 59(Sep

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111464 Baur, J.; McCall, H.; Bovey, R. (1969) Ultraviolet Degradation of Picloram. Annual rept., 1969. (Unpublished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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prep ared by Texas A & M Univ., Agri

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111466 Bovey, R.W., M.L. Ketchersid and M.G. Merkle (1970) Comparison of Salt and Ester Formulations of Picloram. Weed Science 18(4 ):447

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111487 Moden, L. (1971) Picloram Dissipation and Interactions in Soils. Master's thesis, Univ. of Nebraska, Dept. of Agronomy. (Unpub

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23103 Baur, J.R.; Bovey, R.W.; McCall, H.G. (1973) Thermal and ultravio

- let loss of herbicides. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1(4):289

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- cal Corp., Chicago, Ill.; CDL:235226

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162

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128967 Guenzi, W.; Beard, W. (1976) Picloram degradation in soils as influenced by soil water content and tempera ture. J. Environ. Qual. 5(2):189

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111441 Merkle, M.; Bovey, R.; Davis, F. (1967) Factors affecting the persistence of pi cloram in soil. Agronomy Journal 59(Sep

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163

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27145 Schneider, A.D.; Wiese, A.F.; Jones, O.R. (1977) Movement of three herbicides in a fine sand aquifer. Agronomy Journal 69(?/May

- Jun):432

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44009 Farmer, W.J.; Aochi, Y. (1974) Picloram sorption by soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 38:418

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59421 Walter, J.P.; Bovey, R.W.; Merkle, M.G. (1970) The movement of Picloram through soil profiles. Page 249,~In~Proceedings of the Twenty

- Third Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society; Jan 20

- 22, 1970, Atlanta, Ga. N.P. (Abstract; also ?~In~unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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- L)

111428 Dow Chemical Co. (1969) ?Study: Picloram Residues in Soil & Water|. (Compilation; unpublishe d study received Apr 30, 1970 under 0F0863; CDL:091491

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111467 Byers, G. (1971) The Movement of Two Herbicides in Three Soils. Master's thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of Soil Science. (Unpublished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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111487 Moden, L. (1971) Picloram Dissipation and Interactions in Soils. Master's thesis, Univ. of Nebraska, Dept. of Agronomy. (Unpub

- lished study received Sep 26,Page 94 of 111 1974 under 464

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111497 Ping, C. (1972) Movement of Picloram in Soil. Master's thesis. Washington State Univ., Dept. of Agronomy and Soils. (Unpub

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128975 MacDonald, K.; McKercher, R.; Moyer, J. (1973) A Report on the Study Picloram Displacement in Soil. (Unpublished study re

- ceived Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared by Univ. of Sas

- katchewan, Suskatchew an Institute of Pedology, submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250517

- AF)

128970 Hiltbold, A.; Hajek, B.; Buchanan, G.; et al. (1974) Leaching of Picloram and Nitrate in Two Alabama Soils: PB

- 236 856. (Unpub

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128981 Norris, L.; Montgomery, M.; Warren, L. (1976) Leaching and Persis

- tence Characteristics of Picloram and 2,4

- D on a Small Watershed in South west Oregon. (Presented at the 1976 Annual Meeting: Weed Science Society of America; Feb 5, 1976, Denver, CO; unpub

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164

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27145 Schneider, A.D.; Wiese, A.F.; Jones, O.R. (1977) Movement of three herbicides in a fi ne sand aquifer. Agronomy Journal 69(?/May

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- W)

49097 Bjerke, E.L.; Dishburger, H.J.; Gillespie, W.H. (1975) R esidues of Picloram in Soil following Application of Tordon 10K Pellets

-- West Virginia Experimental Permit Monitoring Program. (Unpub

- lished study received Nov 28, 1975 under 35638

- EX

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56010 Andriessen, F.G. (1973) Dowco^(R)I 290, Dowco 286 and Dowco 233

-- Persistence in Soil and Effect on Wheat. (Unpublished study received Feb 26, 1974 under unknown admin. no.; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Mi dland, Mich.; CDL:222240

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59416 Scifres, C.J.; Hahn, R.R.; Diaz

- Colon, J.; et al. (1971) Picloram persistence in semiarid rangeland soils and water. Weed Sci

- ence 19(4):381

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59418 Trichell, D.W.; Morton, H.L.; Merkle, M.G. (1968) Loss of herbi

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59420 Vanden Born, W.H. (1969) Picloram residues and crop production. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 49(5):628

- 629. (Also~In~un

- published submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:120353

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111428 Dow Chemical Co. (1969) ?Study: Picloram Residues in Soil & Water|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Apr 30, 1970 under 0F0863; CDL:091491

- A)

111434 Bjerke, E.; Getzendaner, M.; Van Giessen, B.; et al. (1969) Resi

- dues of Picloram in Soil from Treatment of Rangeland with Tor

- don Herbicide: Report GH

- C 311. (Unpublished study received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indi

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111436 Merkle, M.; Baur, J.; Bovey, R.; et al. (1968) The fate of herbi

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111465 Bovey, R.; Dowler, C.; Merkle, M. (1969) The persistence and move

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111471 Glass, B.; Edwards, W. (1973) Picloram in Lysimeter Runoff and Percolation Water. (Unpublished study received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

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111495 Phil lips, W.; Feltner, K. (1972) Persistence and Movement of Pi

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111497 Ping, C. (1972) Movement of Picloram in Soil. Master's thesis. Washington State Univ., Dept. of Agronomy and Soils. (Unpub

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111519 Hunter, J.; Stobbe, E. (1972) Movement and persistence of picloram in soil. Weed Science 20(5):486

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111554 West Virginia Dept. of A griculture (1975) The Use of Tordon 10

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- ginia. Third quarterly rept. (Unpublished study; CDL:223586

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112012 Moffat, R. (1968) Some factors affecting the disappearance of Tor

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112013 Baur, J.; Baker, R.; Bovey, R.; et al. (1972) Concentration of picloram in the soil profile. Weed Science 20(4):305

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112014 Baur, J.; Bovey, R.; Merkle, M. (1972) Concentration of picloram in runoff water. Weed Science 20(4):309

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112976 Davis, E.; Ingebo, P. (1973) Picloram movement from a chaparral watershed. Water Resources Re search 9(5):1304

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128950 Bjerke, E.; Ervick, D. (1976) A Residue Study of Picloram in Soil following Application of T ordon Herbicides: Laboratory Report Code GH

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128975 MacDonald, K.; McKercher, R.; Moyer, J. (1973) A Report on the Study Picloram Displacement in Soil. (Unpublished study re

- ceived Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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128985 Rao, P.; Green, R.; Balasubraman ian, V.; et al. (1974) Field study of solute movement in a highly aggregated Oxisol with intermit

- tent flooding: II. Picloram. J. Environ. Quality 3(3):197

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128990 Wright, W. (1974) The Movement of Herbicides off, into and through Soils of Two North Carolina Watersheds with Particular Reference to Picloram: Laboratory Report Code GH

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160126 ACC 263388 Oliver, G.; Bjerke, E.; Gantz, R. (1986) Field Dissipation and Leaching Study for Grazon P+L Herbicide: GH

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164

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111475 Haas, R.; Scifres, C.; Merkle, M.; et al. (1971) Occurrence and persistence of picloram in grassland water sources. Weed Res. 11:54

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128955 Bovey, R.; Richardson, C.; Burnett, E.; et al. (1978) Loss of spray and pelleted Picloram in surface runoff water. J. En viron. Qual. 7(2):178

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128981 Norris, L.; Montgomery, M.; Warren, L. (1976) Leaching and Persis

- tence Characteristics o f Picloram and 2,4

- D on a Small Watershed in Southwest Oregon. (Presented at the 1976 Annual Meeting: Weed Science Society of America; Feb 5, 1976, Denver, CO; unpub

- lished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

- 502; prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fores t Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station and others, submitted by Dow Chemi

- cal U.S.A., Midland, MI; CDL:250518

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128990 Wright, W. (1974) The Movement of Herbicides off, into and through Soils of Two North Carolina Watersheds w ith Particular Reference to Picloram: Laboratory Report Code GH

- P 874. Interim rept. (Unpublished study received Jun 16, 1983 under 464

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164

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MRID Citation Reference

41395301 Knuteson, J.; Racke, K.; Woodburn, K.; et al. (1990) Picloram Fate in a Coastal Plain Forest Ecosystem: Lab Project Number: GH

- C 2299: Protocol No.87115. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Elanco RSRA Analytical Services, Inc and

o ther laboratories. 210 p.

128979 Neary, D.; Douglass, J.; Fox, W. (1979) Low Picloram Concentrations in Streamflow Resulting from Forest Application of Tordon

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140317 Neary, D.G., J.E. Douglass and W. Fox (1984) Water Quality and Nutrient Cycling Impac ts of Using the Herbicide Tordon 10K in Preparing Scrub Hardwood for Conversation to White Pine (Pinus strobus L.). Prepared by the USDA Forest Service and Submitted by the Dow Chemical Company.
166

- 1 Ground water

- small prospective
MRID Citation Ref erence

45400701 Havens, P.; Murrow, D.; Pottinger, M. (2001) State Groundwater Surveillance Monitoring Program for Picloram Herbicide: Field Progress Report: Lab Project Number: 980054: 96

- 330: ENV960714. Unpublished study prepared by Stone Environme ntal, Inc. and Agvise Laboratories. 861 p.

42535302 Peterson, J.R. Field Dissipation and Leaching Studies in a Northern Rangeland Environment: Picloram/Clopyralid and Fluroxypyr (protocol)

Crop Rotation Studies
157172 Stafford, L.E. and J.H. Miller (19 86) 14C Picloram Rotational Crop Study. Prepared and Submitted by Dow Chemical USA, Midland, MI.

Non Guideline Selections
44005 Bovey, R.W.; Scifres, C.J. (1971) R esidual Characteristics of Pic loram in Grassland Ecosystems. College Station, Tex.: Texas A & M Univ., Agricultural Experiment Station. (B

- 1111; also~In~ unpublished submission received May 5, 1975 under 464

- 323; sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:221997

- E)

59413 Schneider, A.D.; Wiese, A.F.; Jones, O.R.; et al. (1971) Det er

- mining the Fate of Herbicides in the Ogallala Aquifer. Col

- lege Station, Tex.: Texas A & M Univ., Agricultural Experiment Station. (B

- 1112; also~In~unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:120353

- D)

59419 Tu, C.M.; Bollen, W.B. (1969) Effect of Tordon herbicides on micro

- bial activities in three Willamette Valley soils. Down to Earth 25(2):15

- 17. (Also~In~unpublished submission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:120353

- J)

111474 Grover, R. (1972) Effect of picloram on some soil microbial activities. Weed Res. 12:112

- 114. (Also In unpublished sub

- mission received Sep 26, 1974 under 464

- 323; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A ., Midland, MI; CDL:120318

- W)

140319 Glass, B.L.; Edwards, W.M. (1973) Picloram in Lysimeter Runoff and Percolation Water. (Unpublished study received Mar 9, 1977 under 464

- 423; prepared by U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Environmental Q uality Institute andPage 99 of 111 others, sub

- mitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Mich.; CDL:228627

- Q)

114837 or 22737 Corbin, F. (1965) The Influence of pH on the Detoxication of Herbi

- cides in Soil. Doctoral thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Dept. of Crop S cience. (Unpublished study received Mar 18, 1976 under 3E1385; submitted by U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, DC; CDL:095210

- N)

111442 Grover, R. (1968) Influence of soil properties on phytotoxicity of ... (picloram). Weed Res. 8 :226

- 232. (Also In unpublished submission received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:091492

- X)

111433 Merkle, M.; Bovey, R.; Hall, R. (1966) The determination of Piclo

- ram residues in soil using gas chromatog raphy. Weeds 14(2): 161

- 164. (Also In unpublished submission received Apr 4, 1970 under 0F0863; submitted by Dow Chemical Co., Indianapolis, IN; CDL:091492

- K)

111472 Green, L. (1972) Letter sent to L. Warren dated Sep 7, 1972 ?Effi

- cacy of various chemi cals applied to watersheds|: 4400. (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Fire Laboratory; unpublished study; CDL: 120318

- S)

111469 Davis, E.; Ingebo, P.; Pase, C. (1968) Effect of a Watershed Treat

- ment with Picloram on Water Quality. ?S.l.|: U.S. Forest Service. (Research note RM

- 100; published study; CDL:120318

- L)

128714 Dow Chemical U.S.A. (1983) Residue Chemistry: ?Tordon K Salt Liq

- uor: Grains and Animal Tissue|. (Compilation; unpublished study receiv ed Jun 20, 1983 under 464

- 502; CDL:250508

- A; 250509)

111554 West Virginia Dept. of Agriculture (1975) The Use of Tordon 10

- K Herbicide to Control Multiflora Rose in Pastures in West Vir

- ginia. Third quarterly rept. (Unpublished study; CDL:223586

- A)

### Appendix B: Toxicity Comparison for Picloram Potassium Salt, 2,4

- D TIPA Salt and Formulations Containing Both Picloram TIPA Salt and 2,4

- D TIPA Salt

Species Formulation % 2,4

- D TIPA salt % P icloram TIPA/K salt ECx / LCx (mg/kg

or lbs/A) 95% CI Adj. EC50 1 MRID

Green algae 2,4

- D TIPA salt only 73.8 NA 75.7 31

- 160 NA 417321

- 01

P icloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TIPA salt 39.6 10.2 234.0 179

— 305 130.7 414077

- 01

P ic loram K salt NA 35.2 65.0 47

— 89 56.0 414077

- 02 Freshwater diatom 2,4

- D TIPA salt only 70.9 NA 94.4 60

- 148 NA 434886

- 01

Picloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TIPA salt 21.2 10.2 400.0 320

— 500 223.0 432303

- 03

Picloram K salt NA 27.9 3.7 3.1

— 4.3 3.2 432303

- 02 Blue

- green algae 2,4

- D TIPA s alt only 70.9 NA 133. 0 97

- 183 NA 434886

- 04

Picloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TI PA salt 21.2 10.2 630.0 563

— 723 352.0 432303

- 09

Picloram K salt NA 27.9 585.0 536

— 647 504.0 432303

- 08

Duckweed 2,4

- D TIPA salt only 70.9 NA 2.37 1.9

-- 2.9 NA 434886

- 02Picloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TIPA salt 39.6 9.7 4.67 2.59

— 8.42 2.61 432303

- 12

P icloram K salt NA 27.9 95.50 75

— 124 82.30 432303

- 11 Rainbow Trout 2,4

- D TIPA salt only 69.2 NA 300.00 268

-- 323 NA 413538

- 03

Picloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TIPA salt 40.8 2.5 1250.0 0 698.32 41146

Picloram K salt NA 24.4 26.00 22.40 129072 Terrestrial Pla nts

- Veg Vigor

— Dicot (Tomato) 2,4

- D DMA Salt 39.3% NA 0.0073 0.0045

— 0.0126 471060

- 02

Picloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TIPA salt 22.4% 6.1% 0.0002 412965

- 01

Picloram K salt NA 24.1% 0.0001 8 0.0047

— 0.095 441567

- 01

Terrestrial Plants

Seedling Emergence (Toma to) 2,4

- D DMA Salt 55.5% NA 0.26 NA 423895

- 01 Picloram TIPA salt +2,4

- D TIPA salt 22.4% 6.1% 0.0003 6 NA 412965

- 01 ( Qualitativ e Data) Picloram K salt NA 24.1% 0.0066 0.0047

- 0.095 439595

- 05

1 Adjusted LC/EC 50 is based on acid equivalents for picloram acid using a molecular weight ratio of 1.79 for the picloram TIPA salt and 1.16 for the picloram potassium salt. NA = Not Applicable

EFED conducted an analysis comparing the toxicity of formulations containing either picloram K salt or 2,4

- D TIPA salt w ith multi

- ai data from formulations containing both picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D TIPA salt in order to see if the combination of multiple herbicides had enhanced toxicity. For taxa where data was available on these three formulations (including aquatic pl ants, aquaticinvertebrates and fish), there was no evidence of enhanced toxicity from the picloram and 2,4

- D TIPA salts mixture. However, no data was available for the effect of formulations solely containing one active ingredient of 2,4

- D TIPA salt on t errestrial plants. In this case, EFED used 2,4

- D DMA salt as a comparison, which was identified as the most toxic 2,4

- D salt to dicots in the 2013 2,4

- D Problem Formulation (USEPA, 2013). The most sensitive terrestrial plant species for which data was av ailable for both picloram salts and 2,4

- D DMA salt was the tomato. Although there was no evidence of enhanced toxicity in the vegetative vigor studies, for the seedling emergence studies th e tomato was an order of magnitude more sensitive to the picloram/ 2

- 4 D TIPA salts formulation than the picloram K salt formulation and 4 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the 2,4

- D DMA salt formulation. The same qualitative data source (MRID 412965

- 01) used for the picloram TIPA salt and 2,4

- D TIPA salt co

- formu lation also contained qualitative information for picloram K salt that was more sensitive than the quantitative data cited above, however it was still less sen sitive than the picloram TIPA salt/2,4

- D TIPA salt co

- formulation data..



### Appendix C: Summary Data for Picloram Related Incidents (PC Codes 005101, 005102, 005104)



# EIIS P est i cide Su m m ary R e port: G eneral Infor m ation

P i cloram (005101)In ci de nt # Da t e Co u nty S t a t e Ce r t a i n ty L egal. F or m u l. A pp l

. M e t h o d T o t a l M a g n it u d e

A Q UA TIC

A gr i cu l t ural Area

I001 6 16

- 0 01 11 /23/1 99 4 4 R U EC N/R 1

N

/ R

I 003 32 5

- 0 01 2 MA S p ray 105

W

E

E

D S N EAR PO ND

I 007 87 3

- 0 01 8 /2 1 /19 9 8 T X 2 MA N/ R 300

P LA N TS

N

o D ata

I 020 99 8

- 0 34

I 021 27 6

- 0 12 Ag r i cu l tu ral a r ea 3 /2 1 /20 0 3

4 /1 5 /20 0 4 C h elan

S po k a n e W A 2 UN

W A 2 M

I 020 62 7

- 0 09 S po k a n e WA 3 RU 3 acres

I 001 45 8

- 0 01 3 UN N/R N/R 9 0 A CR ES OF P O T A T O ' S

I 004 81 5

- 0 01 MO 3 UN S p ray 4 0 A CR ES S O Y B E A NSI 002 16 8

- 0 01 5 /1/1 9 95 FL 3 MA F B r oadca s t,

u n i n cor po rated U n k n o w n

I 003 12 9

- 0 01 1 / 1/1 9 96 KS 3 RU N/R N/R ALL

I 008 33 3

- 0 02 7 /4/1 9 97 Y E LL OW S T O N E MT 2 RU N/R F O L I A R B R O A D CA S T 26 00 A CR ES

I 008 33 3

- 0 04 4 /2 1 /19 9 8 J EW E L L KS 3 RU F B r oadca s t 22 8 A CR ES

I 007 75 4

- 0 03 4 /2 8 /19 9 8 GOODHUE MN 2 RU B r oadca s t 8 0 A CR ES

I 015 92 1

- 0 02 8 /6/2 0 03 O s a g e OK 2 UN S p ray T rees ( h u n d re d s )

G a r d en

I 013 58 7

- 0 27 6 /2 1 /19 9 9 S po k a n e W A 3 R U U n k n o w n
H

a y

I 015 74 8

- 0 01 Cu lpe p er V A 2 R U B r oadca s t 10 .2 ac r es
H O M E/

L

A W N

I 006 28 1

- 0 01

M u ni c p al o p er at i on 6 /1/1 9 97 K S 3 R U N/ R N/ R 9

N

/ R I 007 70 8

- 0 01

I 008 45 1

- 0 01 3 /1/1 9 97

12 /7/19 9 8 B R OWN

R O A N O KE O H 2 U N N/ R U N K N OWN

V A 3 R U N/ R U N K N OWN

I 002 32 4

- 0 01 6 /1/1 9 95 P A 3 U N N/ R S P RA Y N/R

I 020 62 7

- 0 39

P as t ure 10 /24/2 00 1 Ya k i m a W A 2 UNI 011 24 9

- 0 01 6 /1 7 /20 0 0 W e b s ter NE 2 RU SC S p ray U N K N OWN
R i gh t

- o f

- w ay
I 020 45 9

- 0 08 O k a n o g an WA 2 UN S p ray

I 006 87 1

- 0 01 OH 3 RU N/R U N K N OWN

I 001 94 4

- 0 01 OK 2 MA S p ray H U N D R E D S O F T R EES

I 002 53 9

- 0 01 8 /1/1 9 95 OK 2 UN N/R S P RA Y 1 1/3 A R

I 013 88 4

- 0 39 8 /2 5 /19 9 8 S po k a n e WA 2 MA O n e tree

I 015 21 8

- 0 01 7 / 1 5 /20 0 4 M ass ac IL 1 RU S p ray 50

- 7 5 t r e e s

R i gh t

- o f

- w a y , r ai l r o ad

I 004 35 2

- 0 01 OK 4 MA 50 000 W

H

EAT

I 004 81 9

- 0 01 KS 3 RU N/R U N K N OWN

I008 3 33

- 0 01 6 /2 5 /19 9 8 O S B O R NE KS 2 MA N/R Br oa d ca s t 4 0 A CR ES

TE R RESTRI A L

Tu r f

, re s i de nt i al

I 023 57 1

- 0 02 7 /1 2 /50 1 0 K l a m ath OR 2 M S p ray O v er 1 000
TE R RESTRI A L/AQU A TIC

N

/ R

I 006 13 9

- 0 01 10 /1/19 9 7 OK 2 UN N/R N/R U N K N OWNC e rt a i nt y Co d e : 0 = U n r e lat e d

, 1 =U nl i k e l y , 2 = P o s sib l e , 3 = P r o b a bl e , 4 = Hi g h ly P r ob a bl e

. L ega l ity C od e : R U = R eg is t er e d U s e , M = Mis u s e, M A =M i s u s e ( A c ci d e n t a l ), MI = M i s u se (I n te n ti on a l ), U= U n k no w n

. M o n da y , D e c e m b e r 0 2

, 2 0 1 3 Page 1 o f 2 

# EIIS P est i cide Su m m ary R e port: G eneral Infor m ation

P i cloram, tr i is o p ro p a n olami n e s alt (0051 0 2)

In ci de nt # Da t e Co u nty S t a t e Ce r t a i n ty L egal. F or m u l. A pp l

. M e t h o d T o t a l M a g n it u d e

P LA N TS

B r ome

H

ay

N

/ R I012 3 66

- 0 45

I 012 36 6

- 0 47

I 010 62 4

- 0 01

I 014 70 2

- 0 19

I 018 93 0

- 0 31

I014 5 61

- 0 12 7 /2 7 /20 0 0

4 /2 5 /20 0 0

8 /1/2 0 00

4 /2 8 /20 0 3

5 /5/2 0 07

10 /8/20 0 3 MO RR I S

L O N O K E

W h i t m a n

C a s s

T ar r a n t

Har r is KS 3 R U Br oa d ca s t 50 0 a c r e s

A R 2 R U B r oadca s t 4 2 acres

W A 3 R U N/ R N/R

MS 2 R U S C B r oadca s t 4 0 acres

T X 2 MA 2 acres

T X 2 UN EC Vario u s

P as t ure

I 014 70 2

- 0 18

I 012 36 6

- 0 46

I 014 03 4

- 0 09 8 /1 4 /20 0 0

4 /2 9 /20 0 3 L a w re n ce

J E FF E RS ON

Ha l l MO 2 R U S C B r oadca s t 6 0 acres

T X 3 R U B r oadca s t 3 0 acres

G A 2 R U 6 0 acres

P e anut

I 013 55 0

- 0 01 6 /1 9 /20 0 2 K L E B E R G T X 3 MA 36 0 ac r e s

R

A N G

E

LA N DC e rt a i nt y Co d e : 0 = U n r e lat e d

, 1 =U nl i k e l y , 2 = P o s sib l e , 3 = P r o b a bl e , 4 = Hi g h ly P r ob a bl e

. L eg a l ity C od e : R U = R eg is t er e d U s e , M = Mis u s e, M A =M i s u s e ( A c ci d e n t a l ), MI = M i s u se (I n te n ti on a l ), U= U n k no w n

. M o n da y , D e c e m b e r 0 2

, 2 0 1 3 Page 1 o f 2 

# EIIS P est i cide Su m m ary R e port: G eneral Infor m ation

P i cloram, pot ass i u m s alt (0051 0 4)

In ci de nt # Da t e Co u nty S t a t e Ce r t a i n ty L egal. F or m u l. A pp l

. M e t h o d T o t a l M a g n it u d e

A Q UA TIC

F

e n c e r ow
I000 0 46

- 0 01 7 /2 1 /19 8 9 M A DISON M T 3 R U N/R S pr ay T HOU SA NDS

P LA N TS

C

o rn

H

ay I 012 36 6

- 0 78

I018 6 77

- 0 01 6 /1 4 /20 0 0

6 /2/2 0 07 G R EE L EY

R a p pa han n o ck K S 3 M B r oadca s t 13 0 ac r e s

VA 4 UN S pr ay 1 0 ac r es
O r c h ard ( unspec i f

i ed)

I 020 45 9

- 0 02 Ch elan W A 3 UN

P e anut

I 013 55 0

- 0 01 6 /1 9 /20 0 2 K L E B E R G T X 3 MA 36 0 ac r e s
U

nk n o w n

I 014 70 2

- 0 77 7 /2 0 /20 0 3 F o rd K S 2 R U EC B r oadca s t 35 1 ac r e s
W

h e at

I 012 36 6

- 0 79 6 /1 1 /19 9 9 P A W N E E KS 3 RU B r oadca s t 3 8 acres

I 012 36 6

- 0 76 6 /2 0 /20 0 0 W a r d ND 3 RU B r oadca s t 12 0 ac r e s

## Appendix D

- SIP and STIR Outputs

STIR



## Input

Application and Chemical Information
Enter Chemical Name Picloram

Enter Chemical Use Rights

- of

- way, pasture Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) y If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 241.5 Enter Chemical Vapor Pressu re (mmHg) Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre)

Toxicity Properties
**Bird** Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD 50 (mg/kg bw) 2150 Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15 Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 1.58 **Mammal** Enter Lowest Rat Oral L D 50 (mg/kg bw) 3536 Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC 50 (mg/L) 0.035 Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4 Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35


## OutputResults Avian (0.020 kg ) Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation (mg/m 3 ) 0.0 0E+00 Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 0.00E+00 Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 8.55E

- 02 Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 0.00E+00 Exposure not Likely Significant Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 0.00E+00 Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 0.00E+00 Exposure not Likely Significant

Results Mammalian (0.015 kg ) Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation (mg/m 3 ) 0.00E+00 Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 0.00E+00 Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 2.08E+00 Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 0.00E+00 Exposure not Likely Significant Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 0.00E+00 Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjust ed Inhalation LD 50 0.00E+00 Exposure not Likely Significant

SIP

Table 1. Inputs Parameter Value Chemical name Picloram Solubility (in water at 25 o C; mg/L) 430

Mammalian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 3536 Mammalian test species laboratory rat Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg

- bw) 200Mammalian test species laboratory rat Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Avian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 2510 Avian test species mallard duck Body weight (g) of "other" avian species Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 0 Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 0 NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for other bird species 0 Body weight (g) of other avian species NOAEC (mg/k g

- diet) for 2nd other bird species Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species

Table 2. Mammalian Results Parameter Acute Chronic Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 73.9600 73.9600 Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 2719.7518 153 .8321 Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0272 0.4808

Conclusion* Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals

Table 3. Avian Results Parameter Acute Ch ronic Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 348.3000 348.3000 Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 1303.2558 0.0000 Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 0.2673 0.0000Conclusion* Exposure through drinking water alone is a

potential concern for birds Due to insu fficient data, risk cannot be precluded

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of exposure. Therefore, when aggregated with other routes ( i.e ., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure through drin king water may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non

- target animals.