following 1755@, 18389 and 1746, and use them and any other neighboring measured values not included in
the above list of ranges in the interpolation method of your choice. The real refractive indexes at
wavenumbers in the above ranges were calculated using cubic interpolation.

The data in RFCXH201 are reproduced from Zuev et al. with permission of Keter Publishing House
Ltd., copyright holder.

2.7.4.2
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 28-4 meters)
RECKH202

Hale and Querry (1973) determined extinction coefficients for water at 25 degrees C through a
broad spectral region by manually smoothing a point-by-point graph of extinction coefficients vs. wave-
length, that was plotted for data obtained from a review of the scientific literature on the optical
constants of water. Where data in the vacuum UV and soft X-ray regions were not available, they postu-
lated absorption bands representing extinction coefficients. A subtractive Kramers-Kronig analysis of
the combined postulated and smoothed portions of the extinction coefficient spectrum provided the index
of refraction for the spectral wavelength region 2E-7 to 2E-4 meters.

2.7.4.3
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-6 to 1E-3 meters)
RFCXH203,

Downing and Williams (1975) compiled values for the optical constants of liquid H20 from current
studies. ‘Their values were based primarily on a study by Robertson et al. (1971) which measured Lambert
absorption coefficients, and a Rusk et al. (1971) experiment measuring spectral reflectance at near nor-
mal incidence. They used the work of Palmer and Williams (1974) in the near infrared and the work of
National Physical Labs in the extreme infrared (100 to 20 cm-l), ‘they determined real and imaginary
indices in other regions using Fresnel's equation and Kramers-Kronig analysis. All the data were
obtained for liquid H20 at 27 degrees C in the wavelength range 2E-6 to 1E-3 meters.

2744
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (9.6E-6 to 1.05E-5 meters)
RFCXH204

See 2.7.1.3.1: "Aerosols": Ammonium Sulphate: RFCXAMSP1.

2.7.4.5
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 2E-4 meters)
RECKH205
See 2.7.3.1: "Ice": RFCXICEL.

2.7.4.6

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (25-6 to 2E-5 meters)
RFCXH206 to RFCXH2011

By using distilled water as the standard reflection, Querry et al. (1977) measured the relative
specular reflectance spectra in the 2E-6 to 2E-5 meter wavelength region of the infrared for surface
water samples collected from San Francisco Bay, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the Great Salt Lake
(Utah), the Dead Sea (Israel), and an effluent phosphate mine in central Florida (2.8.2). They compiled
spectral values for the complex refractive index for each water sample by applying a Kramers-Kronig ana-
lysis to the relative reflectance spectra. For a chemical analysis of the monatomic and polyatomic ions
of the natural waters, refer to the original article.

2.7.4.7
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength for water in the microwave range. See 3.2.7.4: "Data
File Formats" for wavelength ranges.
RFH2OM+ (N8,0,10,18,20,30,40,50,60,75) (accessed by program MICRO)

See 2.7.3.4:"Ice": RFICEM+ (microwave ice files).

2.8 RELATIVE REFLECTANCE: ICE, WATER

2.8.1
Relative Reflectance (dimensionless) vs. Wavelength (2E-6 to 3.3E-5 meters) for Ice
RRXICEL
See 2.7.3.2: "Ice": RFCXICE2.

2.8.2

Relative Reflectance (dimensionless) vs. Wavelength (2E-6 to 2E-5 meters) for Water
RRXH201 - 6

See 2.7.4.6: "Liquid Water": RFCXH206.
14



36

82

84

91

Caeeeee

92

a

a
95

a

139

Ceeeee
140

Caneeee

141

IF (AERSL .NE, AER) CALL AERRD (AER, AERABS,AERSCAT)
IP ((ATM2) .OR. (AERSL .NE. AER)) GOTO 31

IF ((.NOT. ATM2) .OR. (AERSL .EQ. AER)) AER2 = .FALSE.
GOTO 32

AER2 = . TRUE.

AERSL = AER

call to NEAR
J = NEAR (ALT,HT,DATSET, INTERP )

IF ((OUT .EQ. 8) .OR. (OUT .EQ. 2)) GOTO 84

IF ((OUT .BQ. 1) .OR. ((OUT .EQ. 2) .AND.
(UNIT .6Q. 11))) UNIT = 2

GOTO 85

UNIT = 11

IF (ATM2) GOTO 90
IF ((.NOP. ATM2) .AND. (AER2)) GOTO 91
IF ((.NOT. AIM2) .AND. (.NOT. AER2)) GOTO 95

atmosphere model
WRITE ( UNIT, 7166)

IF (ATM .6Q. 1) WRITE (UNIT, 9160)
IF (ATM .EQ. 2) WRITE (UNIT, 9105)
IF (ATM .EQ. 3) WRITE (UNIT, 9116)
IF (ATM .EQ. 4) WRITE (UNIT, 9115)
IF (ATM .BQ. 5) WRITE (UNIT, 9126)

GOTO 92
IF ((DATSET) .OR. ( (.NOT.DATSET) .AND. (UNIT.EQ.2)))
WRITE (UNIT, 7600)

aerosol

WRITE (UNIT, 7266)

IF (ABR .EQ. 8) WRITE (UNIT, 9125)
IF (AER .EQ. 1) WRITE (UNIT, 9138)

column headings
WRITE (UNIT, 9135)

if j not negative, don't interpolate
IF (J .GE. 6) GOTO 146

IF ((OUT .EQ. 2) .AND. (UNIT .EQ. 2)) GOTO 139

d= ABS (J)

atl IT(J)

AT2 = HT(J+1)

call to LINTERP

ABS] = LINTERP (HT1,HT2,RABS(J) ,RABS(J+1) ,ALT )

SCAT1 = LINTERP (HT1,HT2,SCAT(J) ,SCAT(J+1) ,ALT )

ABS2 = LINTERP (HT1,HT2,AERABS (J) ,AERABS (J+1) ,ALT )
SCAT2 = LINTERP (HT1,HT2,AERSCAT(J) ,AERSCAT(J+1) ,ALT )

write interpolated coefficients

WRITE (UNIT, 9149)

WRITE (UNIT,9145) ALT,ABS1,SCAT1,ABS2,SCAT2

IF ((.NOT.DATSET) .AND. (OUT .EQ. 1)) WRITE (11,5100)
Jaa

GOTO 141

write coefficients
WRITE (UNIT, 9146) HT(J) ,RABS(J), SCAT(J), AERABS(J), AERSCAT(J)
IF ((.NOT.DATSET) .AND. (OUT .EQ. 1)) WRITE (11,5109)

check output option ~ writing done?
IF ((OUT .EQ. 2) .AND. (UNIT .EQ. 11)) GOTO 82

IF (DATSET) GOTO 1160

another height?
WRITE (11,5499)
WRITE (11,5208)
READ (11,4896,ERR=143) ANS
ANSR = ERCHK (ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 145
35



C------ open output file
Sh

an
256

252
255

268

500

501

en

562

Crnnene

a

a
505
506

525
550

552
554

nn

556
568

575

DOOD nHHDD

650

OPEN 2, "ATTENOUT", ATT="A"

write heading to output

IF ((SCREEN) .AND. (DISK)) GOTO 456

IF ((.NOT.SCREEN) .AND. (.NOT.DISK) .AND. (OUT.EQ.2)) GOTO 255
IF (.NOE.DISK) GOTO 252

IF ((OUT.EQ.) .OR. (OUT.EQ.2)) GOTO 255
IF ((OUT.EQ.1) .OR. (OUT.EQ.2)) GOO 260
IF (SCREEN) GOTO 450

SCREEN=. TRUE.

WRITE (11,575)

IF (OUT.NE.2) GOTO 450

IF (DISK) GOTO 450

DISK=. TRUE.

WRITE (2,575)

IF (.NOT, DATSET) GOTO 501

interpolation?
WRITE (11,560)
WRITE (11,552)

READ (11, 525,ERR=475) ANS
ANSR = ERCHK (ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 508

IF (ANS .EQ. @) INTERP
IF (ANS .EQ. 1) INTERP
GOTO 502

«TRUE.
. FALSE,

INTERP = .PALSE.

call to ATTEN

IF (.NOL. (DATSET)) CALL ATTEN (AIM,ALT,AER,DATSET,INTERP, OUT )
call to BUILDVEC

IF (DATSET) CALL BUILDVEC (DATSET,INTERP, OUT )

continue program?
IF (OUT .£Q. 10) GOTO 505
IF (QUT .EQ. 11) GOTO 596

terminate
IF (OPEN2) WRITE (11, 650)
STOP

continue
DATSET = . TRUE.
GOTO 125

GOTO 9

FORMAT (11)
FORMAT (/"WILL YOU BE ENTERING DATA SINGLY (0) ,"/
"OR AS A SET (1)?")
FORMAT (/"ENTER 9 OR 1"
FORMAT (/"PRINT OPTION:"/3X,"@: RESULTS TO SCREEN ONLY"
/3X,"11 RESULTS TO DISKFILE"/3X,"2: RESULTS TO BOTH",Z,
" SCREEN AND DISKFILE")
FORMAT (/"ENTER @,1, OR 2")
FORMAT (/"IF USER-SPECIFIED HEIGHT FALLS AT THE MIDPOINT"/
“BEIWEEN TWO DATA VALUES, THE PROGRAM INTERPOLATES"/
"LINEARLY. IN OTHER CASES, DO YOU WANT INTERPOLATION (@)"/
"OR DO YOU WANT THE COEFFICIENTS AT THE NEAREST"/
"AVAILABLE HEIGHT (1) 2")
FORMAT ("ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS AS A FUNCTION OF ALTITUDE",
/T15,"LAMBDA = §.6943 MICRONS" ,/
"Source: ‘Optical Properties of the Atmosphere',"/3X,"McClatchey ,"
" Fenn, Selby, Volz, Garing, (1971)."//T8,"KtM = MOLECULAR ABSORPTION",
/T8,"SAM = MOLECULAR SCATTERING" ,/T8,"KtA = AEROSOL ABSORPTION" ,
/78,"StA = AEROSOL SCATTERING" ,//
/"VALUES OF ZERO INDICATE A COEFFICIENT LESS THAN E-06",
/"\ek#" PRECEDE INTERPOLATED VALUES")
FORMAT ("CHECK 'ATTENOUT' FOR OUTPUT. REMEMBER TO RENAME THIS FILE.")
END

31



FUNCTION LINTERP (DAT1,DAT2,RES1,RES2,X )

DAT and RES correspond to 'data' and 'result', and
constitute an ordered pair. X is the known value for
which a Y is needed. LINTERP determines Y by linear
interpolation.

REAL DAT1,DAT2,RES1,RES2,X,LINTERP

Y = ((X - DATL) * (RES2 - RES1)/(DAT2 - DAT1)) + RESL
LINTERP = Y

RETURN
END

FUNCTION NEAR (ALT,HT,DATSET,INTERP )

NEAR searches for the value equal or closest to ALT

in the array HT. HT is sorted in increasing order. In

the case of an exact match, NEAR returns the index of

the value in HT. If a match does not exist and

the user has asked for interpolation, NEAR

returns the negative index of the value in BT

which is closest to ALT. If interpolation is not
requested, the positive index is returned, and the

program outputs the coefficients at that closest

value. If ALT is the midpoint between 2 HT values,

a negative index is returned, and the program interpolates.
If the user is in single entry mode, NEAR offers a

choice between interpolation or the coefficients at

the closest value. If the user is entering data as

- an array, this choice is made earlier in the driver ATTENCOEF.

i

DIMENSION HT(33)
INTEGER ANS,NEAR
LOGICAL ANSR,ERCHK,INTERP, DATSET

C---=== search for ALT in AT
pol 1T=1, 32
IF ((BT(I) .LT. ALT) .AND. (HT(I+1) .GT. ALT)) GOTO 20
IF (HT(I) .BQ. ALT) GOTO 36
16 CONTINUE

26 IF (INTERP) GOTO 50
IF ((ALT - BE(I)) .LT. (HT(I+1) - ALT)) GOTO 30
IF ((ALT - HE(I)) «BQ. (BT(I+1) - ALT)) GOTO 58
IF ((ALZ - HT(I)) .GE. (HT(I+1) - ALT)) GOTO 21

a1 IF (DATSET) GOTO 26
WRITE (11,45) HT(I+1)
24 WRITE (11, 79)
25 READ (11, 40, ERR = 24) ANS

ANSR = ERCHK(ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 25
IF (ANS .EQ. 8) GOTO 58

26 NEAR = I+]
GOTO 68

36 IF (DATSET) GOTO 36
WRITE (11, 45) HT(I)

31 WRITE (11, 78)

34 READ (11, 4@,ERR=31) ANS

ANSR = ERCHK(ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 34
IF (ANS .EQ. 9) GOTO 50

36 NEAR = I
GOTO 60

40 FORMAT (11)

45 FORMAT ("THE CLOSEST HT IN KM IS ",F4.1)

50 NEAR = -I

6o RETURN

0 FORMAT ("DO YOU WANT AN INTERPOLATION (@) OR THE "/

$ "COBFFICIENTS (1) AT THIS VALUE? ENTER @ OR 1")

END

46



Lindberg suggests 1.55 as a reasonable estimate for the real refractive index in the 3E-6 to 5E-6
meter region. However the silicate absorption band near the 19E-6 meter region makes both parts of the
index strongly wave dependent. (As an example of this, Lindberg suggests an examination of the index
values in Peterson & Weinman - see 2.7.1.18.4: "Quartz": RFCXQUA1+).

2.7.1.9 Fly Ash

2.7.1.9.1
No data files.

In September 1970 (Grams et al., 1972) the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
obtained data on the vertical distribution of particulate material over Boulder, Colorado. Particles
from a layer of matter at approximately 13 km differed from normal tropospheric particles. NCAR assumed
the particles were fly ash created by forest fires in California during the previous week. Assuming the
real part of the refractive index to be 1.55, the imaginary part was estimated at 0.044 +/- 0.001. an
analysis of errors due to the expected statistical variability of the number of particles counted and the
combined instrumental and measurement errors led to an estimate of approximately 40% error. By con-
sidering that the error results in a factor of 1.4 uncertainty, the error in the measurement of the ima-
ginary index is 0.011.

2.7.1.9.2
No data files.

P.B. Russell et al. (1974) measured the angular variation and size distribution of the intensity
of light scattered from a collimated beam by airborne soil particles 1.5 meters above the ground. From
their measurements they derived an estimate of the complex index of refraction of the soil particles.

For the real refractive index, the value 1.525 was taken as representative. By applying Mie scatter
theory to each of the observed distributions of particle size, the expected angular variation of the
intensity of the scattered light was calculated for a fixed value of the real index and a wide range of
values of the imaginary index. For each set of simultaneous measurements the representative value for
the imaginary index was taken to be that value which provided the best fit to the experimental data. ‘The

upper limit of the value of the imaginary index for the airborne soil particles studied was determined to
be 9.605 with an overall uncertainty factor of 2.3.

2.7.1.9.3
No data files.

Wyatt (1988) examined several hundred single fly ash particles. More than 40 particles were
suspended in a controlled high humidity environment to permit detailed light scattering measurement.
Computerized analyses of the light scattering data from six typical ash particles showed considerable
refractive index variation from particle to particle. Refractive indices, both real and complex, were
observed spanning the range 1.48 to 1.57 (real) and @ to 0.1 (imaginary). The accuracy of the values was
+/- 9.01 for the real parts and +/- 0.002 for the imaginary.

2.7.1.18 Germanium

2.7.1.16.1
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2.55E-6 to 1.24E-5 meters)
RFXGERM1 to RFXGERM4

Icenogle et al. (1976) examined the real refractive indices of silicon (2.7.1.22.1, 2.55E-6 to
1.93E-5 wavelength meters) and germanium (2.55E-6 to 1.24E-5 wavelength meters). ‘They stated their
errors to be about +/-6E-4 for germanium and +/-3E-4 for silicon. The indices for germanium were taken
at temperatures of 297, 275, 204, and 94 kelvins. The indices for silicon were taken at 296, 275, 262,
and 104 kelvins.

2.7.1.16.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2.06E-6 to 1.65E-5 meters)
REFXGERMS

Salzburg and Villa (1957) determined data for the infrared real refractive index for single
crystal germanium, silicon (2.7.1.22.2), and modified selenium glass (2.7.11.2), at about 27 degrees C.
The respective wavelength ranges are 2.06E-6 to 1.6E-5, 1.36E-6 to 1.1E-5, and 1.@1E-6 to 1.1E-5, all in
meters. They estimate their accuracy of the index measurements to be +/-2 in the fourth decimal place.

2.7.1.11 Glass

2.7.1.11.1
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (3.65E-7 to 2.6E-6 meters)
RFXGLASS1 to RFXGLASS17

Kingslake and Conrady (1937) measured the real refractive indices of 17 different types of
69-degree prism Bausch & Lomb and Parra-Mantois optical glass, in the wavelength range 3.65E-7 to 2.6E-6
meters. They cite their indices as correct to five or six in the fifth decimal place.

8



SUBROUTINE INTERP (VEC,VECSIZ,DATVEC,DATREAL,
$ DATIMAG ,DATSIZ, RFREAL, IMAG)

Matches appropriate two neighboring values in the
available data wavelength array,DATVEC, to the requested
wavelengths in VEC. Calls function INTERP. In the case
of a user-request which outlies the endpoint values

in DATVEC, the routine substitutes the indices of the
appropriate endpoint. The DATVEC array is increasing.

Note: Some data arrays have multiple indices for
a given wavelength (due to more than one source).
The arrays have been arranged such that either the
most recent source or the experimental (rather
than predicted) values come first.

Parameter list
input - real
DATIMAG, DATREAL, DATVEC: imaginary,real,
wavelength data arrays
VEC: user-entered wavelength array
input - integer
VECSIZ, DATSIZ: length of VEC and DATVEC
output - real
IMAG, RFREAL: output imaginary and real arrays

DIMENSION VEC(VECSIZ), DATVEC(DATSIZ) ,DATREAL (DATSIZ) ,
$ DATIMAG (DATSIZ) , RFREAL(VECSI2)

REAL IMAG(VECSIZ) , LINTERP

INTEGER VECSIZ, DATSIZ

DO 100 I=1,VECSIZ
DO 15 J=1, (DATSIZ-1)
c——- user wavelength out of range
IF (DATVEC(d) .EQ.VEC(I)) GOTO 25
IF ((DATVEC(1) .GT.VEC(I)) «OR.
$ DATVEC(DATSIZ) .LT.VEC(I)) GOTO 30
IF ((DATVEC(J) «LT. VEC (I) ) «AND.
(DATVEC (J+1) .GT.VEC(I))) GOTO 20
CONTINUE
call to INTERP
RFREAL (I) =LINTERP (DATVEC (J) , DATVEC (J+1) ,DATREAL (J) ,
DATREAL (J+1) , VEC (I) )
IMAG (I) =LINTERP (DATVEC (J) ,DATVEC (J+1) ,DATIMAG (J) ,
DATIMAG (J+1) , VEC (I) )
mark interpolated values for future id.
VEC(I) = -VEC(I)

coro 100
25 RFREAL (I) =DATREAL (J)

IMAG (I) =DATIMAG (J)

GOTO 160
3a IF ((J.NE.1).AND. (DATVEC (DATSIZ) .EQ.DATVEC (DATSIZ-1) )) GOTO 4g
C------ substitute endpoint indices for user request

IF (DATVEC(DATSIZ) .LT.VEC(I)) J=DATSIZ

32 VEC (I) =DATVEC (J)

RFREAL (I) =DATREAL (J)
IMAG (I) =DATIMAG (J)
GOTO 160

multiple values for a given wavelength; position
'J' at most reliable source
J=DATSIZ-1
IF (DATVEC(J) .EQ.DATVEC(J-1)) GOTO 42
GOTO 32
42 J=J-1
GOTO 41

168 CONTINUE

RETURN
END

58



100

200

300

400
508

$
$
$

DH HD DOD

FUNCTION H20TEMP (T )

Checks a user-requested h2o temperature for validity

LOGICAL H2OTEMP
INTEGER T

H20TEMP=, TRUE.

IF ((T.NE.-8) .AND. (T.NE.@) «AND. (T.NE.10) AND.

(T.NE.18) AND. (T.NE. 20) -AND. (T.NE. 30) «AND.

(T.NE. 40) «AND. (T.NE.
(7.NE.75)) H2OTEMP=. FALSE.
RETURN
END

SUBROUTINE HEADER (OUT )
Prints informational header

Parameter list
input - integer
OUT: print entry option

INTEGER OUT,UNIT

IF (QUT.EQ.@) UNIT=11
IF (OUT.BQ.1) UNIT=2
WRITE (UNIT, 109)
WRITE (UNIT, 200)
WRITE (UNIT, 300)
WRITE (UNIT, 400)
WRITE (UNIT, 509)

RETURN

FORMAT ("REFRACTIVE INDICES: MICROWAVE"//"SOURCES:"/

"1:RYDE,D. AND J.W. RYDE"/"2:LANE,J.A. AND",

"J.A. SAXTON"/"4:COLLIE, C.H., J.B. HASTED, AND",

>
PORMAT
"SOURCE (IMAGINARY) ")

RITSON"/"5:DEIRMENDJIAN, D."/)

("-ALPHANUMERIC COLUMNS SHOW SOURCE (REAL) "/3X,"AND" ,

FORMAT ("-NUMBERS ALONE REFER TO SOURCE AND"/

3X, "INDICATE EXPERIMENTAL VALUES"/"-'A' REFERS TO VALUES",

" CALCULATED WITH THE DEBYE FORMULA")

FORMAT ("-'**' CORRESPONDS TO INTERPOLATED VALUES")

FORMAT ("-NSREAL, K=IMAGINARY"//)
END

48



SUBROUTINE READANS (ANS )

C------ checks user answers for error
INTEGER ANS
Goro 10
5 WRITE (11,169)
19 READ (11,118,ERR=5) ANS
IF ((ANS.NE.@) AND. (ANS.NE.1)) GOTO 5
RETURN
168 FORMAT ("INCORRECT ENTRY. ENTER @ OR 1")
116 FORMAT (I1)
END

SUBROUTINE RFPRINT (LAM,LEN,RFREAL,IMAG,OUT )

Prints wavelength, real, and imaginary arrays
to output. Interpolated values have been marked as
negative in the wavelength array.

Coen Non-standard Format Code (statement number): 160, 200, 300
Parameter list
input - real
IMAG,LAM,REREAL: imaginary, wavelength, and real
arrays

input - integer
LEN: length of output arrays
Out: indicates print option

REAL LAM(LEN) ,RFREAL (LEN) , IMAG (LEN)
INTEGER LEN,OUT, UNIT

DO 16 I=1,LEN

IF ((OUT.EQ.0) .OR. (OUT.EQ.2)) GOTO 5

GOTO 6
5 UNIT=11
GOTO 7
UNIT=2
IF (LAM(I).GE.6) GOTO 8
WRITE (UNIT, 108)
LAM (1) =ABS (LAM(T) )
WRITE (UNIT, 300) LAM(I) ,RFREAL(I) ,IMAG(I)
IF ((OUT.EQ. 2) AND. (UNIT.EQ.11)) LAM(I)=-LAM(I)
GOTO 9
WRITE (UNIT, 200) LAM(I) ,RFREAL(I) ,IMAG(I)
IF ((OUT.EQ. 2) .AND. (UNIT.EQ.11)) GOTO 6
16 CONTINUE

Prey

woo

RETURN

109 FORMAT ("**",Z)

200 FORMAT (3X,3(2X,1PE13.6) ,2(3X,"-—

300 FORMAT (1X,3(2X,1PE13.6) ,2(3X,
END

54



UAG SERIES OF REPORTS

Fewer than four UAG Reports are published at irregular intervals each year. Copies of these publications
may be purchased through the NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA CENTER, Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division (E/GC2)
325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA. A $4.00 handling charge per order will be added to single-
copy price, if any, listed below. Please note, too, that some reports are available on microfiche only.
Orders must include check or money order payable in U.S. currency to Commerce, NOAA/NGDC

UAG- 1 IQSY NIGHT AIRGLOW DATA, by L.L. Smith, F.£, Roach, and J.M. McKennan, ESSA Aeronomy Laboratory
Boulder, CO, July 1968, 305 pp, $1.75.

UAG- 2 A REEVALUATION OF SOLAR FLARES, 1964-1966, by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hul-
bert Observatory, University of Michigan, Pontiac, MI, August 1968, 28 pp.

UAG- 3 OBSERVATIONS OF JUPITER'S SPORADIC RADIO EMISSION IN THE RANGE 7.6-41 MHZ, 6 JULY 1966 THROUGH
8 SEPTEMBER 1968, by James W. Warwick and George A. Oulk, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,
October 1968, 35 pp.

UAG- 4 ABBREVIATED CALENDAR RECORD 1966-1967, by J. Virginia Lincoln, Hope I. Leighton and Dorothy K.
Kropp, ESSA now NOAA, Aeronomy and Space Data Center, Boulder, CO, January 1969, 170 pp, $1.25.

UAG- 5 DATA ON SOLAR EVENT OF MAY 23, 1967, AND ITS GEOPHYSICAL EFFECTS, compiled by J. Virginia Lin-
coln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA now NOAA, Boulder, CO, February
1969, 120 pp.

UAG- 6 INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL CALENDARS 1957-1969, by A.H. Shapley and J. Virginia Lincoln, ESSA Re-
search Laboratories, now NOAA, Boulder, CO, March 1969, 25 pp

UAG- 7 OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR ELECTRON CORONA: FEBRUARY 1964 - JANUARY 1968, by Richard T. Hansen,
High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, and Kamuela, HI, October 1969, 12 pp

UAG- 8 DATA ON SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY OCTOBER 24 - NOVEMBER 6, 1968, Parts 1 and 2, compiled by Jd.
Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA now NOAA, Boulder, CO,
March 1970, 312 pp, $1.75 (includes Parts 1 and 2).

UAG- 9 DATA ON COSMIC RAY EVENT OF NOVEMBER 18, 1968, AND ASSOCIATED PHENOMENA, compiled by J. Virginia
Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmosphere Geophysics, ESSA now NOAA, Boulder, CO, April
1970, 109 pp.

UAG-10 ATLAS OF IONOGRAMS, edited by A.H. Shapley, ESSA Research Laboratories now NOAA, Boulder, CO,
May 1970, 243 pp, $1.50.

UAG-12  SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM OF MARCH 8, 1970, Parts
1, 2 and 3, compiled by J. Virginia Lincoln and Dale B. Bucknam, World Data Center A, Upper At~
mosphere Geophysics, ESSA now NOAA, Boulder, CO, April 1971, 466 pp, $3.00 (includes Parts 1-3).

UAG-13 DATA ON THE SOLAR PROTON EVENT OF NOVEMBER 2, 1969, THROUGH THE GEOMAGNETIC STORM OF NOVEMBER 8~
10, 1969, compiled by Dale B. Bucknam and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A, Upper Atmos~
phere Geophysics, ESSA now NOAA, Boulder, CO, May 1971, 76 pp.

UAG-14 AN EXPERIMENTAL, COMPREHENSIVE FLARE INDEX AND ITS DERIVATION FOR ‘MAJOR’ FLARES, 1955-1969, by
Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, University of Michigan, Pon-
tiac, MI, July 1971, 25 pp.

UAG-16 TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEOPHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AURORAL ABSORPTION FOR 30 SUBSTORM
EVENTS IN EACH OF IQSY (1964-65) AND IASY (1960), by F.T. Berkey, University of Alaska, Fair-
banks, AK; V.M. Driatskiy, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Leningrad, USSR; K. Henrik-
sen, Auroral Observatory, Tromso, Norway; D.H. Jelly, Communications Research Center, Ottawa,
Canada; T.1. Shchuka, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Leningrad, USSR; A. Theander,
Kiruna Geophysical Observatory, Kiruna, Sweden; and J. Yliniemi, University of Oulu, Oulu, Fin-
Jand, September 1971, 131 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

UAG-17 IONOSPHERIC DRIFT VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS AT JICAMARCA, PERU (JULY 1967 - MARCH 1970), by Ben B.
Balsley, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO, and Ronald F. Woodman, Jicamarca Radar Observa-
tory, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Lima, Peru, October 1971, 45 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

UAG-18 A STUDY OF POLAR CAP AND AURORAL ZONE MAGNETIC VARIATIONS, by K. Kawasaki and S.-I. Akasofu,
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, June 1972, 21 pp.

UAG-19 REEVALUATION OF SOLAR FLARES 1967, by Helen W. Dodson and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Ob-
servatory, University of Michigan, Pontiac, MI, and Marta Rovira de Miceli, San Miguel Observa-
tory, Argentina, June 1972, 15 pp.



SUBROUTINE DAT ( DATVEC,DATREAL,DATIMAG, DATSIZ)

C------ Reads values from data file into arrays
C------ Non-standard Format Code (statement number): 23
C------ Parameter list

output - real

DATIMAG, DATREAL,DATVEC: imaginary,real, and
wavelength data arrays

output - integer
DATSIZ: data array length

DIMENSION DATVEC (23) , DATREAL (23) , DATIMAG (23)
INTEGER DATSIZ

DO 18 I=1,23
READ (1,23,ERR=21,END=29) DATVEC(I) ,DATREAL(Z),
$ DATIMAG (I)
DATSIZ = DATSIZ+1
16 CONTINUE
CHEE EE
20 CLOSE 1
CHEE EEE
DATSIZ=I-1
RETURN
21 WRITE (11,22)
22 FORMAT ("ERR READING DATFILE")
23 FORMAT (5X,3(2X,1PE13.6))
STOP
END

46



Example 2:
File Name: MLS

Entry Key: Sequence #, Altitude (km), Pressure (mb), Temp. (K), Density (mols an~3) for H0, C0, 03,
N20, CO, CHa, O2, No

Range: @ to 100 km

STANDARD ATMOSPHERE ~ MIDLATITUDE SUMMER

1 6 1.0130E 03 2,9400E 62 4,6819E 17 8.0849F 15 7.5300E 11
6.8599E 12 1.8376E 12 3.9199E 13 5.13208 18 1.9130E 19
2 1.6 9.020GE 62 2.9900E 02 3,.1100E 17 7.3349E 15 7.5300E 11
6.22386 12 1.6678E 12 3.55608 13 4.6560 18 1.736GB 19
3 2.0 8.020GE 02 2.8500E 02 1.9730E 17 6.6630E 15 7.5300E 11
5.6549E 12 1,.5149E 12 3,2319£ 13 4.23002 18 1.5770E 19
4 3.0 7.19008 92 2.7900E 02 1.1030E 17 6.0480E 15 7.7819E 11
5.1320E 12 1.375@E 12 2.93208 13 3.8400E 18 1.4310E 19
5 4.0 6.28008 62 2.7300E 02 6.35308 16 5.47998 15 8.6320E 11

4.64998 12 1.24508 12 2.6570E 13 3.4789E 18 1.297GE 19
(etc.)

3.2 DATA FILE FORMATS (FORMATS, 5]

This section contains technical information on each data file in tabular form: data file variable
definitions, units, and ranges, Data General FORTRAN V format statement used to create the file(s), tem-
perature, source, and computer tape file number. We have used scientific notation here in keeping with
the style and format of our data files.

Entry Key:

‘The entry key contains explanations of the variables and their units in the order in which they appear in
the data files. A double asterisk, "**", stands for “raised to the power of"; e.g., "m**-3 m**-1" means
"per meter cubed per meter".

Format:

‘The format section contains the Data General FORTRAN V format code used to generate a given data file. ‘The
scale factor "P" changes the location of the decimal point in the external representation of a real

number, with respect to its internal value. ‘The format is "nP", where n is an integer constant that spe-
cifies the number of positions you want to move the decimal point to the right.

3.2.1: Attenuation Coefficients

3.2.1.1: Atmospheric Attenuation Coefficients (program ATTENCOEF)

Entry Key: With the exception of ATTENHT, which is a file of altitude (km), the entries are: absorption
(km71), and scattering (kml). ‘These values are in a one-to-one correspondence with the alti-
tudes in file ATTENHT.

Format: ATTENAT - [PY.1], all others [2(2X,1PE11.4)]

File Name Range Temp. Source/
Tape File #

ATTENAT @ - 85 (km) McClatchey et al. (1972)/180
AERXCLR " "7 18l

AERXHAZ " "/ 182

MIDLATSUM " "7 183

MIDLATWIN " "7 184

SUBARCSUM " "7 185

SUBARCWIN " "/ 186

TROPIC " "/ 187

18



C------ no
IF (ANS .EQ. @) GOTO 154
C----=- yes
AIM2 = .FALSE.
CALL INPT (DATSET,AIM2, AITM,ALT,AER)
GOTO 30
C------ another atm?
154 WRITE (11,5698)
155 WRITE (11,5206)
156 READ (11,4800,ERR=155) ANS
ANSR = ERCHK(ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 156

Cm=---= no
IF (ANS .EQ. 9) GOTO 1600
C-——--- yes
ATM2 = .TRUE.
GOTO 19
C-----— start over? (from single entry mode)

1600 WRITE (11,5809)

1961 WRITE (11,5200)

1962 READ (11, 4890,ERR = 1091) ANS
ANSR = ERCHK(ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 1692

C++ no
IF (ANS .EQ. 0) GOTO 1200

1106 RETURN
C------ start over? (from array entry mode)
1126 WRITE (11,6060)
1136 WRITE (11,5200)
1146 READ (11, 4800,ERR = 1139) ANS
ANSR = ERCHK(ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 1146

C-—---- no

IF (ANS .EQ. 8) GOTO 1200
C-—--- yes

OLDAIM = 8

AIM2 = . TRUE.

AERSL = -1

IF (OUT .EQ. -1@) OUT = @

IF (OUT .LT, 9) OUT = ABS(OUT )
ouT = ll

RETURN

C------ terminate
1206 RETURN

4600 FORMAT (F4.1)
4800 FORMAT (1)
5000 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING ATTENHT")
5100 FORMAT (/"COMPLETED")
5200 FORMAT (/"ENTER 0 OR 1")
5400 FORMAT (/"WOULD YOU LIKE ANOTHER HEIGHT? (0=NO, 1=YES)")
5600 FORMAT (/"WOULD YOU LIKE A DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERE? (2=NO, 1=YES)")
5800 FORMAT (/"WOULD YOU LIKE TO CONTINUE, BUT ENTER"/
$ "YOUR DATA INTO AN ARRAY? (0=NO, 1=YES)")
6000 © FORMAT (/"WOULD YOU LIKE 10 START OVER? (=NO, 1=YES)")
7000 FORMAT ()
7100 © FORMAT (//"AIMOSPHERE:",Z)
7200 FORMAT ("AEROSOL:",Z)
9190 © FORMAT ("TROPICAL")
9105 FORMAT ("MIDLATITUDE SUMMER")
9110 FORMAT ("MIDLATITUDE WINTER")
9115 FORMAT ("SUBARCTIC SUMMER")
9128 FORMAT ("SUBARCTIC WINTER")
9125 FORMAT (""CLEAR"/)
9130 FORMAT ("HAZY"/)
9135 FORMAT (4X, "HT (KM) "4X, "KbM (KM**—1) ", AX, "SHM(KM*=1) ",
$ 4X, "KAA (KM**-1) "4X, "SHA (KMF*=1)",/)
9140 FORMAT ('"#*#", 2)
9145 FORMAT (2X,F5.2,4(5X,1PE10.2))
9146 © FORMAT (5X,F5.2,4(5X,1PE1@.2))
mx 36



NOTE:

3

Tape file name (in capitals) and number are given in brackets
See Appendix B for a description of these files.

following section names.

Page
INTRODUCTION [INTRO, 1] 1
DATA DESCRIPTIONS [DATAXDESCRIP, 3] 2
2.1 ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS 2

.1.1 | Atmospheric Absorption and Scattering vs. Altitude

2.1.2 | Attenuation and Scattering vs. Wavelength for Water
2.2 STANDARD ATMOSPHERES 2
2.3 CLOUD DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS: Water and Ice Particles 3
2.4 SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE 4
2.5 SKY SPECTRAL RADIANCE 5
2.6 RAYLEIGH COEFFICIENTS: Air 5
2.7 REFRACTIVE INDICES 5

2.7.1 Aerosols

2.7.1.1 ADP (Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate)
2.7.1.2 Rerosol, Synthetic
2.7.1.3 Ammonium Sulphate
2.7.1.4 Barium Fluoride

2.7.1.5 Cadmium Sulfide

2.7.1.6 Calcite

2.7.1.7 Calcium Fluoride
2.7.1.8 Dust

2.7.1.9 Fly Ash (No data files.)
2.7.1.10 Germanium

2.7.1.11 Glass

2.7.1.12 Graphite

2.7.1.13 Gypsum

2.7.1.14 KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate)
2.7.1.15 Mascagnite

2.7.1.16 Molybdenite

2.71.17 Polystyrene Latex
2.7.1.18 Quartz

2.7.1.19 Salt

2.7.1.20 Sapphire

2.7.1.21 Silica

2.7.1.22 Silicon

2.7.1.23 Sodium Nitrate

2.7.1.24 Zinc Sulfide

2.7.2 Air

2.7.3 Ice (includes optical, infrared, and microwave regions)

2.7.4 Liquid Water (includes optical, infrared, and microwave

regions, pure water, and water from oceans, lakes, and

other sources)
2.8 RELATIVE REFLECTANCE: Ice, Water 14
DATA FILE AND COMPUTER TAPE INFORMATION 15
3.1 GUIDE [GUIDE, 4] 15

3.1.1 Introduction to Tape Organization

3.1.2 Data File Structure

3.1.3 Deciphering File Names

3.1.4 Unit Notation

3.1.5 Significant Figures

3.1.6 Computer Programs: ATTENCOEF and MICRO

3.1.7. Data Retrieval Example

3.1.8 Data Table Examples



APPENDIX C: FORTRAN Code for Program ATTENCOEF (and Related Subroutines): Atmospheric Absorption and
Scattering Coefficients [APPENDIXC, 218]

CARRE HHH
Cc PROGRAM ATTENCOEF
c ----.

Program ATTENCOEF gives the attenuation coefficients as a
function of altitude for 5 atmospheric and 2 aerosol models.
The altitude range is @ - 85 km, and wavelength = 9.6943 microns.

The following list describes all non-standard FORTRAN
characteristics in the Handbook programs. For easy access,
their occurrences within the routines are marked by a "C" in
column one, followed by a series of plus signs: '+'. Format
statements in which non-standard format codes appear are listed
in the comment section 'Non-standard Format Codes’.

General Suggestions for Improvement: Due to the need to
standardize the programs, it was necessary to format inter-
active input. This often presents awkward restrictions for
the user. It is advised that, if available, free-formatted reads
be implemented to handle numerical input. In addition, the
use of one standard output filename for all program runs is
impractical and potentially hazardous. Although the 'A'
attribute will provide protection against overwriting on
some systems, it is only meant as a temporary alternative.
It is advisable that something such as string formatting
be used to allow character input, in particular, for the
interactive naming of output files.

additionally, individual users should implement precautions
against careless user inputting, such as illegal characters.
The program contains only minor precautions. ‘The user should
beware that some systems accept entry of a carriage return or a
mathematical sign character (+,-) or decimal as if a zero had
been entered.

C-- Non-standard FORTRAN options:

¢. — nna

STATIC: ‘The STATIC option places all non-COMMON variables and
arrays in a fixed area in memory, rather than on the run-time
stack. Tt initializes all static variables to zero at load time,
unless you data~initialize them. You may retrieve the values of
static variables within a subprogram upon re-entry to the
subprogram for the second and subsequent times.

OPEN, CLOSE, and REWIND: Although the purpose of these
input/output statements is obvious, their implementation

may differ from system to system. The 'OPEN' statement used
with the 'ATT=A' option specifies that appending is to be
performed onto the file associated the the channel opened.
This protects against overwriting the previous contents of the
file, if any existed. REWIND repositions the record pointer to
the beginning of the specified file.

‘p' and 'Z' format code: The scale factor 'P' changes the
location of the decimal point in the external representation
of a real number, with respect to its internal value. The
format is 'nP', where 'n' is an integer constant that specifies
the number of positions you want to move the decimal point to
the right. 'Z' format code suppresses the newline character

on output of the current record. It is represented internally,
and as it is used to build many of the Handbook output files,
its presence should be considered if any of these files are
edited.

Non-Standard Format Codes (statement labels): 554

User options:

entry modes: single or array entry
print to screen and/or diskfile
linear interpolation or closest values at unavailable
data points
Output:

Output diskfile 'ATTENOUT'; should be renamed after each run



3. DATA FILE AND COMPUTER TAPE INFORMATION
3.1 GUIDE [GUIDE, 4]
3.1.1 Introduction to Tape Organization

A single data set is referred to as a data file. Each separate data file comprises one computer
tape file. Sections of informational text such as the data descriptions and data file and computer tape
information, are also divided into distinct computer tape files.

Section 2, the Data Description (tape file 3) contains brief descriptions of each atmospheric
area covered by the Handbook data files: definition of data file variables, ranges, and units, listing of
data file names, and description of data source. Section 3.1, the Guide, (tape file 4) gives general
user notes and technical information needed to access or understand the computer tape, data files, and
computer programs. Section 3.2, Data File Formats (tape file 5), summarizes technical information on
each data file in tabular form: data file variable definitions, units, and ranges in the order in which
they appear on each line of a given data file, FORTRAN format statements used to create the data files,
temperature, source, and computer tape file number. Appendix A (tape file 0) contains a list of all data
files on the Handbook tape along with their corresponding tape file numbers. Appendix B (tape file 9)
briefly describes the contents of single or groups of files on the tape. ‘The computer programs for
retrieving attenuation coefficient data and microwave refractive index data are located in tape files
171-187 and 188-217 respectively.

There are numerous cross references throughout the Handbook between section name and number and
tape file name and number, both at the beginning of a section and within the text. In general, the tape
file name (in capital letters) and number are given in brackets following a section name.

A typical use of the Atmospheric Handbook might entail three steps:

(1) Find the area of interest in the table of contents. Look up and read about your topic in the
data description, section 2. Take note of the pertinent file name(s).

(2) Read through the Guide until any general technical questions you may have are answered and you
are familiar with the data file formats, notation, and composition. Look up the specific format, para~
meter, and tape file number information on your desired files in Data File Formats.

(3) Load the file(s) from the tape onto your disk.

3.1.2 Data File Structure

Each tape file corresponds to a single data file. In general, sections of files are grouped
according to atmospheric area. All tape files contain no more than 80 characters per line.

Numerical values in the data files are arranged in increasing order, where applicable. Data
values of "-1" indicate the value was not given in the original source. ‘he first line of all data
files, except those associated with programs ATTENCOEF and MICRO, is informational text, in most cases
identifying the data type, substance, and source. Precaution should be taken to read over or delete this
line when accessing disk files after they have been loaded from the tape.

3.1.3 Deciphering File Names

File names consist of capital letters, numbers, and the delimiter "x". ‘The "X" is used as one
might use a period to visually, or logically, break up the parts of information used in naming files.
Within the informational text of the Handbook, three types of abbreviating methods are used to refer to
sets of data files with similar names. A "+" following a file name and preceding a parenthesized set of
numbers indicates an alphanumeric extension; it is not part of the actual file name; e.g., "FIL+
(1A,2,3)" refers to three files, "FILIA", "FIL2", and "FIL3". A+" following a file name not followed
by a parenthesized set of numbers indicates an alphanumeric extension of some type; the specific type
isn't pertinent in the given context. A file name ending in the character set "E,0", such as "FILE,O",
actually refers to two separate data files, "FILE" with data for the Extraordinary ray, and "FILO" with
data for the Ordinary. an entry such as "FIL1 - 4" refers to four distinct files; the dash is not part
of the actual data file name.

(On some computer systems the length of the file names as given will be too long. All data file
names are intended only as suggestions. At the time of loading a file from the tape onto disk, the
naming of the file is at the discretion of the user.

The refractive index data file name prefixes "RF", "RFI", and "RFC" refer to real, imaginary, and
complex refractive index data sets, respectively.

3.1.4 Unit Notation

All Handbook data files are uniformly in Systeme Internationale Units ("MKS": Meters, Kilograms,
Seconds) with the exception of: the attenuation coefficient data files, for which altitude is measured in

15



3.2.7.1: Aerosols

3.2.7.2

3.2.7.3

File Name Range ‘Temp. Source/
Tape File #

RFXADPE,O 25-7 - 2E-6 24°C Zernike (1964)/42, 43
REXBARF] - 3 4.@5E-7 - 7.68E-7 15,35,55°C Malitson (1964)/49 - 51
RFXBARF4 2.65E-7 - 1.03E-5 5°C "7 52
RFXCAF1 - 3 4,05E-7 - 7.68E-7 15,35,55°C Malitson (1963)/59 - 61
REXCDS1E,O 5.12E-7 - 1.4B-6 _ Bieniewski & Czyzak (1963)/53, 54
REXCDS2E,O 5.5E-7 - 1.4B-6 —_ Czyzak et al. (1957)/ 55, 56
RFXGERML - 4 2.55E-6 - 1.24E-5 297,275, Icenogle et

204, 94 K al. (1976)/75 - 78
REXGERMS 2.06B-6 - 1.6E-5 27°C Salzburg & Villa (1957)/ 79
RFXGLASS1 - 17 3.65E-7 - 2.6E-6 _ Kingslake & Conrady (1937)/88 - 96
REXGLASS18,19 1.@1E-6 ~ 1.1E-5 27°C Salzburg & Villa (1957)/ 97, 98
RFXGLASS20 5.77E-7 ~ 1198-5 25°C Rodney et al. (1958)/ 99
REXKDPE,O 2E-7 - 26-6 24°C Zernike (1964)/103, 164
RFXQUALE,O 4.96E-5 ~ 4.95E-4 = Russell & Bell (1967)/ 112, 113
REXQUA2 1.65-4 - 3.49B-3 47°P Laikin (1961)/114
REXQUA3E,0 1,44B-7 - 2.31E-7 -— Chandrasekharan & Damany (1968)/115, 116
REXSAPPHIE,O 2.54B-7 - 6.91E-7 24°C Jeppeson (1958) /124, 125
REXSAPPH2 2.65E-7 — 5.58E-6 24°C Malitson (1962) /126
REXSAPPH3 2.65E-7 ~ 4.25E-6 19°C Malitson et al. (1958)/ 127
RFXSAPPH4 - 6 4.@5E-7 - 7.07E-7 17,24,31°C "/ 128-130
REXSILIC] - 4 2.55E-6 - 1.03E-5 296,275, Icenogle et al.

202, 104 K (1976) /135 - 138
REXSILIC5 1,36E-6 - 1.1E-5 26°C Salzburg & Villa (1957)/139
REXSILICA 3.65E-7 - 1.53B-6 Zernike (1964) /134
REXSODNITE,O 4E-7 - 7E-7 Ivlev & Popova (1974)/ 146, 141
RFXZNS1E,O 3.6E-7 - 1.4E-6 Bieniewski & Czyzak (1963)/142, 143
RFXZNS2 4,4E-7 - 1.4E-6 Czyzak et al. (1957)/ 144

RFIXDUST1 - 10

RECXAMSP1 - 3
RECXAMSP4
RECXCALCE ,O.
RFCXDUST1 - 3
RECXGLASSL
RFCXGRAPH
RFCXGYPS
RFCXMASCAG
RECXMOLYB
RECXPLTX1 - 5
RECXQUALE,O
RECXQUA2E ,O
RECXQUA3,4
RFCXSALT
RFCXSAPPHL
RECXSAPPH2E,
RECXSAPPH20
RECXSYNAER

Air

RFXAIRN3O
RFXAIRNL5
RFXAIRO
REXAIRLS
REXAIR30

Ice

RECXICE1]
RECXICE2
RECXICE3
RFCXICE4
RFCXICES
RECXICE6
RFCXICE7
RECXICE8

** RFICEMNSS
** REICEMN3@
** REICEMNIO
** REICEMO

3E-7 - 1.7E-6

9.3E-6 - 9.5E-6
4.05E-7 - 4E-5
2E-7 - 6E-6
3E-7 - 1.7E-6
4,8E-7 ~ 6.9E-7
2.5E-7 - 6E-6
2E-7 ~ 6E-6

3.3E-4 - 5SE-4
9.3B-6 - 1,06E-5
7.68E-7 - 3.6E-5

SE-7 - 6E-6
1E-7 - 1.65E-7
2E-7 - 1E-4
2E-7 - 6E-6
9E-6 ~ B=

3.3E-4
28-7 - 3.3E-4
4E-7 - 1.51

9.5E-7 - 1.52E-4
28-6 - 3.3E-5

1.25E-6 - 3.3E-4
4,43E-8 - 1.67E-4

3E-2 - 1E-1

al

Lindberg et al. (1976)/62 - 71

Jennings (1981)/45 - 47
Toon et al. (1976)/ 48
Ivlev & Popova (1974)/ 57,58
Lindberg (1977)/72 - 74
Hoover/ 100
Ivlev & Popova (1974)/ 101

"/ 102

"7 105
Meyer (1926) /106
Jennings (1981)/107 - 111
Peterson & Weinman (1969)/117, 118
Ivlev & Popova (1974)/119, 120
Lamy (1977)/121, 122
‘Toon et al. (1976)/ 123
Ivlev & Popova (1974)/131
Toon et al. (1976)/ 132

"7-133
Ivlev & Popova (1973)/ 44

Penndorf (1957)/ 145
"/ 146

"/ 147
"/ 148
"/ 149

Irvine & Pollack (1968)/ 150
Schaaf & Williams (1973)/ 151
Bertie et al. (1969)/152
Warren (1984)/ 221

"222

"223
"224

225
Ryde & Ryde (1945)/ 204
"/ 265

"/ 206
"/ 207



(5) I£ you have been entering temperatures singly, you have the choice to repeat step 4 with
another temperature. Otherwise, you have the choice to repeat steps 2-4 or to terminate.

The effort to make these programs easily adapted by computer systems other than the one it was
written on resulted in cumbersome interactive user-input formats. Special care must be taken to enter
data exactly as specified in the programs' main routines.

The parameter lists for subroutine and function statements and calls in programs ATTENCOEF and
MICRO were based on specifications as described in "A Technique for Making FORTRAN Programs More
Readable" (J. Tant Priestley, NOAA, Wave Propagation Laboratory, unpublished). All parameter lists are
divided into, and conform exactly with, the following categories: inputs, inputs/outputs, cutputs.
Priestley defines these categories:

(1) Input - arguments that transmit information into the subprogram but whose values remain
unchanged on output.

(2) Input/Output - arguments used to transmit information both into and out of the subprogram,
plus any other arguments that do not fit into categories 1 or 3.

(3) Output - arguments that transmit information out of the subprogram but no information into
the subprogram; their values on input are irrelevant.

To distinguish between the three argument categories when referencing subprograms, the arguments
are ordered according to category, and the categories separated by spaces. Priestley gives the following
rules to ensure an unambiguous and uniform use of spaces: inputs are followed by a space, inputs/outputs
are bracketed by spaces, and outputs are preceded by a space. Any double spaces are merged into a single
space. Note that it is each category, not each individual argument, that is delimited by a space.

Consult the main routines of each program for examples and additional useful information.

3.1.7 Data Retrieval Example

"I have briefly read the Handbook Guide. I would like some microwave refractive index data for
ice. How do I find it?"

Looking at the Contents, note that section 2.7.3 contains the description of data for the
refractive indices of ice in the optical, infrared, and microwave regions, and section 3.2.7.3 contains
the data file format information. In 2.7.3 read about the sources of the data. Notice that there are
two sets of microwave data, one which is handled by program MICRO. In 3.2.7.3, the entry key explains
the data files’ variables and their units, and the format key shows the FORTRAN format statements used to
create the files. Check the wavelength and temperature ranges that the data files cover, and note the
data tape file numbers. Then turn back to the Guide to read the section on using program MICRO, which
will retrieve select data. ‘The final step is to load the desired files from the tape onto your disk.

3.1.8 Data Table Examples

File Name, Entry Key, and Range information was taken from "Data File Formats" (section 3.2) and
is not part of the data file. The first line of the data file contains identifying information in capi-
tal letters.

Example 1:
File Name: RFXQUA2
Entry Key: Sequence #, Wavelength(m), wavenumber (cmTMl), Real Refractive Index (dimensionless)

Range: 1.6E-4 to 3.49E-3 meters

REFRACTIVE INDICES: SYNTHETIC QUARTZ, 47 DEGREES F, (LAIKIN)
1.596060E-04 6.265430E 01 1.7693598
1,616589E-04 6.185900E 81 1.750650E 89
1.644399E-04  6.981282E 61 1.738620E 96
1.647690E-04  6.069162E 01 1.737310E 69
1.651799E-04 6.054049E G1 1.735740E 00
1.849500E-04 5.406880E 81 1.677210 00
1,942300E: 5.148549E G1 1.659060E 09
2.378320E-04 4.204660E 01 1.608939E 90
2,536520E-04  3,.942413E 61 1.598399E 00
16 = 2.6520405-04 3.770683E 91 1,592119E 06
(etc.)

3
s

CoOrdgUewNe

7



File unit #s:
aerosol
atmospheric model
diskfile
il: terminal

Data Files Used
AERXCLR, AERXHAZ , ATTENHT ,MIDLATSUM , MIDLATWIN, SUBARCSUM,
SUBARCWIN, TROPIC

Subroutines:

AERRD: opens and reads aerosol file
ATMRD: opens and reads atmosphere files
ATTEN: writes coefficients to output
BUILDVEC: creates a user-entered array of data information
ERCHK: user error check function
INPT: interactively prepares variables entered singly
for input to ATTEN
LINTERP: linear interpolation function
NEAR: finds the value closest to the user-entered height

Logical
ANSR,ERCHK: check for user input error
DATSET: determines entry mode
INTERP: determines whether interpolation is used
OPEN2: determines if output file is open for writing
SCREEN,DISK: determine if text has been written to screen
and/or disk
Integer:
AIM: user-entered atmosphere model
OUT: user print option

Cc Suchi Psarakos
N.O.A.A.

325 Broadway
RVE/WP2

Boulder, Colorado 80303

Please direct questions. to Dr. Vernon Derr, (303) 497-6002,
or Suchi Psarakos, (393) 497-5361.
CCU
CHEE
STATIC OPEN2,SCREEN, DISK
CREE

aa aaaoa

INTEGER ATTENOUT
INTEGER ATM, ANS, OUT
LOGICAL ANSR, ERCHK, DATSET, INTERP, OPEN2, SCREEN, DISK

OPEN2 = .FALSE.
SCREEN = .FALSE.
DISK = .FALSE.

Conmnnn entry mode?
9 WRITE (11,559)
16 WRITE (11,552)

100 READ (11, 525,ERR=19) ANS
ANSR = ERCHK (ANS )
IF (ANSR) GOTO 169
IF (ANS .EQ. 8) DATSET
IF (ANS .EQ. 1) DATSET

» FALSE.
«TRUE.

C------ print option?
125 WRITE (11,554)
126 WRITE (11,556)
READ (11, 525, ERR = 126) ANS

IF ((ANS .NE. @) .AND. (ANS .NE. 1) .AND.
$ (ANS .NE. 2)) GOTO 126

OUT = ANS

IF (((QUT .EQ. 1).OR. (OUT .EQ. 2)).AND.(.NOT.OPEN2)) GOTO 225
GOTO 250

36



2.7,1.22.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1.36E-6 to 1.1£-5 meters)
RFXSILICS

See 2.7.1.1@.2: "Germanium": RFXGERM5.

2.7.1.23 Sodium Nitrate

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4E-7 to 7E-7 meters)
REXSODNITO, RFXSODNITE

See 2.7.1.6: "Calcite".

2.7.1.24 Zinc Sulfide

2.7.1.24.1
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (3.6E-7 to 1.4E-6 meters)
RFXZNS10, RFXZNSIE

See 2.7.1.5.1: "Cadmium Sulfide": RFXCDS1+.

2.7.1.24.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4.4E-7 to 1.4E-6 meters)
REXZNS2

See 2.7.1.5.2: “Cadmium Sulfide": RFXCDS2+.

2.7.2 Air

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 2E-5 meters)
REXAIR+ (N30,N15,6,15,30)

See 2.6: Rayleigh Coefficients, Air.

2.7.3 Ice

2.7.3.1
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (9.5E-7 to 1.52E-4 meters)
RFCXICEL

Irvine and Pollack (1968) critically reviewed existing literature on the absorption coefficient
and reflectivity of water (2.7.4.5) and ice in the infrared, and chose best values for the complex index
of refraction for wavelengths in the range 9.5E-7 to 1.5E-4 meters.

2.7.3.2
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-6 to 3.3E-5 meters)
RFCXICE2

Schaaf and Williams (1973) measured the normal-incidence spectral absolute reflectance of ice at
~7 degrees C in the wavelength range 2E-6 to 3.3E-5 meters (2.8.1). ‘They employed a Kramers-Kronig
phase-shift analysis of the measured spectral reflectance to provide values of the real and imaginary
parts of the refractive index.

2.7.3.3
complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1,25E-6 to 3.3E-4 meters)
RECXICE3

Bertie et al. (1969) measured the absorbance of several samples of Ice Ih at 109 K in the wave-
length range 1.258-6 to 3E-4 meters, and scaled it to that of a particular film of unknown thickness.
‘They obtained the complex index, permittivity, and the normal incidence reflectivity from the absorp-
tivity and from Kramers-Kronig relations.

12



SUBROUTINE TEMPCHK (TEMP,TEMPLEN, ICE )

Checks user-entered temperature array for validity.
Calls H2OTEMP or ICETEMP.

Non-standard Format Code (statement label): 110

Parameter list
input - logical
ICE: indicates current substance
input - integer
TEMP: temperature array
TEMPLEN: length of TEMP array

LOGICAL ICE,CHK,H2OTEMP, ICETEMP ,MESS
INTEGER TEMP (TEMPLEN) ,T,TEMPLEN, NEWT

MESS=. FALSE.
DO 29 I=1,TEMPLEN
‘T=TEMP (I)

c—--— check for valid temperature
IF (.NOT.ICE) CHK=H20TEMP (T)
IF (ICE) CHK=ICETEMP(T)

C------ invalid
IF (.NOT.CHK) GOTO 16
GOTO 20
C------ re-enter correction
1o IF (.NOT.MESS) WRITE (11,108)
MESS=. TRUE.
il WRITE (11,110) T
12 IF (.NOT.ICE) READ (11,136,ERR=15) NEWT

IF (ICE) READ (11,135,ERR=15) NEWT
IF (((.NOT.ICE) .AND. (NEWT.EQ.99)) OR.
((ICE) .AND. (NEWT. EQ. 998) ))
coro 14

$
$

check correction
IF (.NOT.ICE) CHK=H2OTEMP (NEWT)
IF (ICE) CHK=ICETEMP (NEWT)
C-—---- invalid
IF (.NOT.CHK) GOTO 15

‘TEMP (I) =NEWT

GOTO 20
c———-— reprint available temperatures
14 WRITE (11,158)

IF (.NOT.ICE) WRITE (11,175)
IF (ICE) WRITE (11,200)

Goro 11
is WRITE (11,126)
GOTO 12
26 CONTINUE
RETURN

160 FORMAT (/"INVALID ENTRIES:"/"NOTE: IF YOU NEED TO SEE THE"/

$ “LISTING OF AVAILABLE TEMPERATURES, TYPE '99' INSTEAD"/
$ “OF THE CORRECTED VALUE"/)

119 FORMAT (I3,2X,"CORRECTION: ",Z)

128 FORMAT ("RE-ENTER")

138 FORMAT (12)
135 FORMAT (13)

158 FORMAT ("AVAILABLE TEMPERATURES (degrees C) :",
5 FORMAT ("-8"/" 9" /"10"/"18"/"20" /"30"/"40"/"5
$ "75"/)
200 FORMAT ("-50"/"-30"/"-10"/"0"/)
END

56



2.3.5
Number Density of Ice Particles (m73 m7) vs. Radius (3.97E-7 to 3.97E-5 meters)
cLouD13

CLOUDI13 contains ice size distributions for cirrus clouds at 13.3 km as reported by Kraus and
Barnes (1976b). ‘The freezing level was between 4.6 and 4.9 km, and tropopause was at approximately 15.5

2.3.6

Number Density of Ice Particles (m~3 m74) vs. Radius (3.97E-7 to 28-4 meters)
CLOUDI4

CLOUD14 contains the ice size distributions for cirrus clouds at 12.5 km. They represent Kraus
and Barnes's (1976a) best estimate of the worst case situation along their missile trajectory. The
freezing level was near 4.9 km, and the tropopause was at 15.8 km.

2.3.7
Number Density of Ice Particles (mTM3 m7) vs. Radius (3.97E-7 to 1.58E-4 meters)
CLOUDS
Barnes (1977) reported ice size distributions for cirrus clouds at approximately 15 km.
2.3.8

Number Density of Ice Particles (m73 m71) vs. Radius (8.05E-6 to 5.64E-4 meters)
CLOUDI6

CLOUDI6 was taken from Glass and Varley's (1978) report of data collected during a morning flight
through a layer of thin cirrus in December 1977 by AFGL cloud physics research aircraft over northern
Arizona and New Mexico. ‘The aircraft flew at an altitude of approximately 7 km MSL and the ambient tem-
perature was -25 degrees C. The 580-mb synoptic chart on this day indicated a weakening ridge pattern
over this region.

2.3.9

Number Density of Ice Particles (m73 m7}) vs. Radius (1E-6 to 8.6E-4 meters)
CLOUD17

Varley and Brooks (1978) reported data from a February 1978 cirrus sampling flight in
Albuquerque, New Mexico, aimed at acquiring information on the typical type and concentration of ice par-
ticles in cirrus clouds.

2.3.18
Number Density of Ice Particles (m~3 m7) vs. Radius (1E-6 to 3.1E-5 meters)
cLouD18

CLOUD18 is a cirrus cloud distribution synthesized from several sources by Dr. Vernon Derr of
NOAA/ERL to be a small particle distribution (<3l micrometers) for test purposes.

2.4 SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE”

2.4.1
Solar Spectral Irradiance (watts m2 m1) vs. Wavelength (1.27E-7 to 1E-4 meters)
FLUX1

Thekaekara (1972) presented results of experiments made by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center on
the solar constant and solar spectrum from a research aircraft at 11.6 km. In the wavelength range 3E-7
to 1.5B-5 meters these values were based mainly on measurements made from the research aircraft, ‘The
instruments used were a Perkin-Elmer model 112 spectrometer with a lithium-based fluoride window, a Leiss
double quartz prism monochrometer, a filter radiometer, a polarization type interferometer and, for the
infrared range beyond 4 micrometers, a Michelson type interferometer. In the wavelength range 3E-7 to
2.6E-6 meters an independent set of data is available from the Eppley-JPL measurements, made with a
filter radiometer during several series of flights. ‘he wavelength range covered is 1.2E-7 to 1E-4
meters. Thekaekara writes, "...the spectral irradiance is determined in narrow wavelength ranges and the
integral energy is computed to give the solar constant. The solar constant...is the energy due to the
sun incident on unit area exposed normally to the sun's rays at the average sun-earth distance in the
absence of the earth's atmosphere. ‘he solar spectral irradiance is the distribution of this energy as a
function of wavelength."

The data in FLUX] are reprinted from Thekaekara (1972) with permission from Photonics Spectra,
copyright holder.

*NGDC holds NIMBUS and SMM satellite solar irradiance data.

4



APPENDIX A: List of Files on Atmospheric Handbook Computer Tape
[LISTFILE®, tape files 9 and 8]

The following list is the linear layout of the files on the Atmospheric Handbook computer tape.
Each tape file corresponds to a single data file. Sections of files are grouped according to atmospheric
area; an explanation of the grouping breakdown is located in APPENDIX B, tape file 9, “FILEXDESCRIP". All
tape files contain 80 characters per line. For further information, see section 3.1, tape file 4,

"GUIDE".

Tape Tape Tape

File File File File File File
Number Name Number Name Number Name

a LISTFILED 63 RFIXDUST2 126 REXSAPPH2
1 INTRO 64 RFIXDUST3 127 RFXSAPPH3
2 CONTENTS 65 RFIXDUST4 128 REXSAPPH4
3 DATAXDESCRIP 66 RFIXDUSTS 129 REXSAPPHS
4 GUIDE 67 RPIXDUST6 130 RFXSAPPHG
5 FORMATS 68 RFIXDUST7 131 RECXSAPPH1
6 ‘THANKS 69 RFIXDUSTS 132 RECXSAPPH2E
7 REP 0 RFIXDUST9 133 RECKSAPPH20
8 LISTPILEO Th RPIXDUSTIO 134 REXSILICA
9 FILEXDESCRIP 72 RECXDUSTL 135 REXSILICL
lo H2OXATTENSCAT 73 RECXDUST2 136 REXSILIC2
1 MLS 74 RECXDUST3 137 REXSILIC3
12 MLW 5 REXGERML 138 REXSILIC4
13 SAS 16 REXGERM2 139 REXSILICS
14 SAW 11 REXGERM3 140 RFXSODNITE
1s ‘TROPICAL BB REXGERM4 141 REXSODNITO
16 USXSTAN 9 RFXGERMS 142 RFXZNSIE
17 CLOUD 80 REXGLASS] 143 RFXZNS1O
18 cLoup2 81 REXGLASS2 144 REXZNS2
19 CLOUD3 82 RFXGLASS3 145 RFXATRN3
20 cLoup4 83 REXGLASS4 146 REXAIRNI5
21 CLOUDS 84 REXGLASS5 147 REXAIRO
22 CLOUD 85 REXGLASS6 148 REXAIRIS
23 CLOUD? 86 RPXGLASS7 149 RFXAIR30
24 CLOUDE 87 RFXGLASS8 150 RECXICEL
25 cLoup9 88 RFXGLASS9 151 RECXICE2
26 CLOUDIO 89 RFXGLASS10 152 RECXICE3
27 CLOUDL1 90 RFXGLASS11L 153 RECKH201
28 cLOUD12 91 RFXGLASS12 154 RFCXH202
29 cLOUD13. 92 RFXGLASS13 155 RECKH203
30 cLoupl4 93 RFXGLASS14 156 RECXH204
31 CLOUDLS 94 REXGLASS15 157 RECKH205
32 CLOUDLE 95 RFXGLASS16 158 RECKH206
33 CLOUDL? 96 RFXGLASS17 159 RFCXH207
34 CLOUDL8 97 RFXGLASS18 160 RECXH208
35 FLUXL 98 RFXGLASS19 161 RFCXH209
36 FLUX2 99 RFXGLASS20 162 RECXH2010
37 ‘SKYBACSL 109 —-RECXGLASS1 163 RECXH2011
38 SKYBACLO 101 —-RFCXGRAH 164 RRXICEL
39 MASSXSCAT 102 —-RECXGYPS. 165 RRXH201
49 VOLXSCAT 193 —-REXKDPE 166 RRXH202
41 RAYXSCATCROSS 104 = REXKDPO 167 RRXH203
42 REXADPE 105“ RECXMASCAG 168 RRXH204
43 RFXADPO 106 © RFCXMOLYB 169 RRXH205,
44 RECKSYNAER 197 RECXPLTX1 178 RRKH206
45 RECKAMSP1 108 = RECXPLITX2 171 APTENCOEF
46 RECXAMSP2 199 © RFCXPLTX3 172 AERRD
47 RFCKAMSP3 110s RFCXPLITX4 173 ATMRD
48 RECXAMSP4 111 RECXPLITXS 174 ATTEN

49 RFXBARF1 112s RFXQUALE 175 BUILDVEC
50 RFXBARE2 113 REXQUA1O 176 ERCHK
51 REXBARE3 114 REXQUAZ 177, INPT

52 RFXBARF4 115s RFXQUA3E 178 LINTERP
53 RPXCDSIE 116 = RFXQUA30 179 NEAR

54 RFXCDS1O 17 RECXQUALE 188 © ATTENHT
55 RFXCDS2E 118 RECXQUAIO 181 AERXCLR
56 RFXCDS20 119 RECXQUA2E 182 ABRXHAZ
57 RFCXCALCE 120 RECXQUA20 183 MIDLATSUM
58 RECXCALCO 121 RECKQUA3 184 MIDLATWIN
59 REXCAFL 122. RECXQUA4 185 SUBARCSUM
60 RFXCAF2 123 RECKSALT 186 SUBARCWIN
61 RFXCAF3 124 REXSAPPHIE 187 ‘TROPIC
62 RFIXDUST1 125. - RFXSAPPH1O 188 MICRO

27

‘Tape
File
Number
189
196
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
292
203
204
205
206

File
Name
maT
H20PEN

HEADER
ICEOPEN
ICETEMP



APPENDIX E: List of Useful Atmospheric Constants and Conversions [FACTS, 220]

Equatorial Radius of Earth -- 6378.39 km
Polar Radius of Earth -- 6356.91 km

Radius of a Sphere Having the same Volume as Earth
== 6371.22 km

Angular Velocity of Rotation of Earth -- 7.2928-5

oe

Acceleration of Gravity at Sea Level and 45 degrees
latitude -- 980.616 cm s~2

Solar Constant -- 2.09 Langley min7l =
erg cmTM4 s~

1.388506

Mean Solar Distance -- 1.4968E08 km
Sidereal Day

~~ 23.93447 hr

-- 23 hr 56'4.99"
Velocity of Light -- 2.9979E08 m s~l
Universal Gas Constant -- 8.3144E07 erg mole~! x1
Gas Constant for Dry Air -- 2.8704E06 erg g-l x-1
Standard Molar Volume of Ideal Gas

-- 22,413.6E-6 m? mole7l

-- 22.4136 liters mole~
Molar Constant of Ideal Gas

-- 8.3143 J mole} x71

-- 8.3143E07 ergs mole7) x71
Mean Molecular Weight of Dry Air -- 28.966 g mole7l
Molecular Weight of Water -- 18.016 g mole

Specific Heat Capacity of pry | Air at Constant
Pressure -- 8.240 cal gTM

Specific Heat Capacity of Dry Air at Constant
Volume -- 9.171 cal g7l K~

Ratio of the Specific Heats of Dry Air -- 1.400

Specific Heat Capacity for Water Vapor at Constant
Pressure —- 1850 J kg} x1

Specific Heat Capacity for Water Vapor at Constant
Volume -- 1398 J kg7l x-l

Heats of Transformation of Phase of Water
Vaporization

—— 2.406806 J kg7) (49°C)

2.501806 J kg7) (0°C)

—- 2.635E06 J kg-l (-58°c)

Heats of Transformation Of Phase of Water Fusion --
9.334 J kg7) (9°c)

Heats of Transformation Of Phase of Water
Sublimation
=- 2.834 E06 J kg) (g°c)
-- 2.839 B96 J kg7) (-38°C)

Stefan
min’

Boltzmann Constant -- 8.128E-11 Langley K~4

Avogadro's Constant -- 6.0225E23 mole~1
Boltzmann's Constant -~ 1.3805E-23 J Kk
Planck's Constant -- 6.6256E-34 J s~l
Joule's Constant -- 4.18607 ergs cal~)
1 degree Latitude at 45 degrees N or S
—- 111.1 km

59.96 nautical miles
-- 69.95 statute miles

ims
- 1.94 knots
2.24 mph
3.28 ft sol
-- 3.60 kph

1 atmosphere

1913.25 mb

760.000 mm of mercury
~~ 29.921 inches of mercury
— 1.1325E06 dynes an72

1 calorie -- 4.186E07 ergs

Melting Point of Ice
—- 8.008°C
—- 32.00°F
-- 273.16 K



IVLEV, L.S., and
S.1. POPOVA

IVLEV, L.S., and
S.1I. POPOVA
JENNINGS, S.C.
JEPPESON, M.A.
JERLOV, N.G.

KINGSLAKE, R., and
H.G, CONRADY

KRAUS, M.J., and
A.A. BARNES, Jr.

KRAUS, M.J., and
A.A. BARNES, Jr.

LAIKIN, M.
LAMY, P.

LANE, J.A., and
J.A. SAXTON

LEGRAND, Y.

LINDBERG, J.D., J.B.
GILLESPIE, and B. HINDS

LINDBERG, J.D.

MALITSON, 1.H.,
F. MURPHY, Jr., and
W.S. RODNEY

MALITSON, I.H.
MALITSON, I.H.
MALITSON, I.H.
McCLATCHEY, R.A.,

R.W. FENN, J.E.A. SELBY,
F.E. VOLZ, and J.S. GARING
MEYER, A.

PALMER, K.F.,

D. WILLIAMS, and

M.R. QUERRY

PENNDORF, R.

PETERSON, J.T., and
J.A. WEINMAN

QUERRY, M.R.,

W.E. HOLLAND, R.C.

WARING, L.M. EARLS, and
M.D. QUERRY

1974

1973

1981
1958
1968
1937

1976a

1976b

1961
1977
1952

1939
1976

1977

1958

1962
1963
1964

1972

1926

1974

1957

1969

1977

Russian: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavendenii, Fizika,
15, No. 5, pp. 91-97, May 1972; English: Soviet Physics
Journal, pp. 703-707, May 15, 1974.

Russian: Akademiia Nauk, SSSR. Izvestiya Seriia Fizika
Atmosfery I Okeana, 9, No. 18, pp. 1034-1043; English:
Btmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 9, No. 10, pp.587-598, 1973.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 71, No. 8, pp. 923-927.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 48, No. 9, pp. 629-632.

Optical Oceanography, p. 51, Elsevier Publishing Co., NY.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 27, pp. 257-262.

Weather documentation for SIM-11W, Sixty Day Report, AFGL,
Bedford, MA, Table G, September 13.

Weather documentation for SAMAST/MINT, Sixty Day Report,
AFGL, Bedford, MA, Table G, October 18.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 51, p. 238.
Applied Optics, 16, No. 8, August.
Royal Society: A, 213, 400.

Ann. Inst. Oceanog., 19, pp. 393-436.

“Measurements of the Imaginary Refractive Indices of
Atmospheric Particulate Matter from a Variety of Geographic
Locations", Proceedings of the Symposium on Radiation in the
Atmosphere, Garmisch-Partenkirchen FRG, 19-28 August 1976,
H.J. Bolle, ed., Science Press.

Data tables were taken from correspondence with Lindberg,
taken by him from various reports of experiments performed in
1977 at the Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory in White Sands,
NM, by Lindberg and S.A. Schleusener.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 48, pp. 72-73.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 52, No. 12, pp. 1377-1379.

Applied Optics, 2, No. 11, pp. 1183-1107.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 54, No. 5, pp.
628-632.

Optical Properties of the Atmosphere, 3rd ed., p. 19,
AFGL-72-6497.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 13, pp. 557-560.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 64, p. 1107.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 47, No. 2, pp.
176-182.

Journal of Geophysical Res., 74, No. 28, pp. 6947-6952.

dournalof Geophysical Res., 82, No. 9, pp. 1425-1433. In
addition to the data given in the article, Marvin Querry was

extremely helpful in supplying us with a supplementary set of
the original unabridged data values.

24



AIMOSPHERIC HANDBOOK: ATMOSPHERIC DATA ‘TABLES AVAILABLE ON COMPUTER TAPE
by

V.E. Derr
NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories
NOAA/R/E
325 Broadway
Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA

ABSTRACT: Atmospheric data tables stored on computer tape and available
for public use are described in this catalog/manual. ‘hese data are largely
taken from results published in scientific journals. Data areas cover
attenuation coefficients for the atmosphere and Hj0, atmospheric parameters
for 1962 standard atmospheres, cloud drop size distributions for water and
ice spheres, solar spectral irradiance, sky spectral radiance, Rayleigh
mass and volume scattering coefficients and scattering cross section for
air, the relative reflectance of ice and saline environmental waters, and
refractive indices for liquid water, ice, air, and various atmospheric
aerosols. Information in the report includes descriptions of the data
(summarized from journal abstracts), information on the range and units of
the data parameters, the FORTRAN format statements used to create the data
files, and two FORTRAN programs for retrieving select data.

1. INTRODUCTION [INTRO, 1]

During the course of a number of years of work in atmospheric spectroscopy, I compiled several
very useful tables of atmospheric data from the literature, and stored these data on computer disk and
tape for ready access during theoretical calculations. Often, colleagues borrowed copies of these data,
and some provided me with additional data. Invariably they suggested that it might be useful for fellow
workers to have access to the data in a user-friendly format accessible by a computer. I resisted these
urgings for a long time because the burden of selecting the "best" values, and the most useful and rele-
vant material and assuring the accuracy of the values quoted, is intolerably large for one person aided
by even a very competent part-time student. o do the job fully requires a critical review and fine
judgement to distinguish between the many published sources of such data. For example, there are at
least a dozen tables of refractive indices of water, many of which don't agree. To sit in Solomon-like
judgement on these discrepancies requires the devotion of several full careers. ‘These considerations,
until recently, blocked any thoughts of publishing this material, and I confined its use to calculations
of my own and those of colleagues aware of the pitfalls.

There is, however, a better way, by publishing this "Atmospheric Handbook: Atmospheric Data
Tables Available on Computer Tape" as a compromise between fully verified and uncertain values. We make
every effort to ensure the faithfulness of the tables to the source and to avoid degradation of inter-
polated values. If more than one source appears authoritative, both are quoted. Under this compromise,
the researcher is advised to use the values cautiously, but by and large a very valuable set of data is
provided for researchers in atmospheric radiation. ‘The accuracy of the data can be determined only by
reference to the source.

The Atmospheric Handbook exists in two forms: as a bound, paper report and as a computer tape.
The report serves as a descriptive catalog/manual for the computer tape; it does not contain complete
copies of the atmospheric data tables. Information in the report ranges from descriptions of the data in
the tables, summarized from scientific journal abstracts, to information on the range and units of the
data parameters, to the FORTRAN format statements used to create the data files. ‘he computer tape ver-
sion of the Handbook contains all information in the bound report, as well as the data tables themselves.
Currently, two programs for accessing certain kinds of data are available in the report as well as on the
tape. ‘The computer tape is available through the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service (NESDIS). ‘here is a charge for copying the tape.

se eeeeeeeseeceeecceeeees Direct RequestS TO .eeseeseeereeeeeeeeee Direct Questions To:
National Geophysical Data Center Climatological Services Section Dr. Vernon Derr
NOAA/NESDIS E/GC2 National Climatic Data Center NOAA/R/E

325 Broadway NOAA/NESDIS E/CC423 325 Broadway

Boulder, CO 86303, USA Federal Building Boulder, CO 89303, USA

Asheville, NC 22801, USA
(303) 497-6136; FTS: 320-6136 (784) 259-8682; FITS: 672-9682 (303) 497-6806; FIS: 320-6000

Because a future edition of the handbook is planned, I invite interested users to refer me to
any additional data that may be included, and of course note any errors found. Suggestions on more use~
ful formats are welcome. Any definitive reviews of the tables that appear in the literature will be used
to discriminate between sources and eliminate less accurate versions.



DATA FILE FORMATS [FORMATS, 5]
3.2.1 Attenuation Coefficients

1 Atmospheric
2 Water

2.2 Standard Atmospheres
2.3 Cloud Drop Size Distributions
+2.4 Solar Spectral Irradiance
2.5 Sky Spectral Radiance
2.6 Rayleigh Coefficients: Air
2.7 Refractive Indices

Tl Aerosols
7.2 Air

7.3 Ice (includes microwave region)

7.4 Liquid H20 (includes microwave region)

3.2.8 Relative Reflectance: Ice, H70

4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS [THANKS, 6]

5. REFERENCES [REF, 7]

APPENDIX A:

APPENDIX B:

APPENDIX C:

APPENDIX D:

APPENDIX E:

List of Files on Atmospheric Handbook Computer Tape, Listed by File Number
{LISTPILEG, tape files ® and 8]
Computer Tape File Descriptions [FILEXDESCRIP, 9]

FORTRAN Code for Program ATTENCOEF (and Related Subroutines): Atmospheric
Absorption and Scattering Coefficients [APPENDIXC, 218]

FORTRAN Code for Program MICRO (and Related Subroutines): Select Ice and
Water Refractive Indices in the Microwave Region [APPENDIXD, 219]

List of Useful Atmospheric Constants and Conversion [FACTS, 226]

iv

18

22

27

28

29

41

See Inside
Back Cover



2.7.3.4
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength for Ice, Microwave Range. See 3.2.7.3: "Data File
Formats" for wavelength ranges.
RFICEM+ (N5G,N30,N19,0) (accessed by program MICRO)
(Note that additional microwave ice refractive index data were acquired after the completion of
program MICR@, and thus are not available to the user through the program. See 2.7.3.6.)

Program MICRO handles microwave refractive indices for water and ice as a function of wavelength
at different temperatures, using data taken from the following sources:

Ryde and Ryde (1945) found values for the complex refractive index of ice in the millimeter and
microwave region using a combination of the Debye formula and constants taken from Saxton (1945) and
Dunsmuir and Lamb (1945).

Lane and Saxton (1952) measured the refractive index of water at 6.2 micrometers, 1.24 cm, and
3.21 om over the temperature range -1@ to 58 degrees C. They used the Debye formula, as well as a method
based on the fact that the rate of attenuation of radio frequency energy along a wave guide filled with
the liquid is dependent upon both the absorption coefficient and the refractive index when the guide is
operated near to cut-off conditions. The authors believe their measurements to be accurate to about +/-
1s.

Collie et al. (1948) measured the dielectric constant and loss angle of water and heavy water at
widely separated wavelengths in the region of anomalous dispersion. In addition to the Debye formula,
they used a method involving the observation of the attenuation in transmission through wave guides of
differing cross-sectional dimensions containing the liquid.

The data taken from Collie et al. (1948) are reproduced with permission from the Institute of
Physics, copyright holder.

Deirmendjian (1963) calculated the complex index for water and ice at two temperatures by means
of the Debye formula.

2.7.3.5
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4.43E-8 to 1.67E-4 meters)
RECXICE4

Warren (1984) compiled the optical constants of Ice Ih for temperatures within 60 degrees of the
melting point in the wavelength range 4.43E-8 to 1.67E-4 meters. ‘The imaginary part of the complex index
of refraction is obtained from measurements of spectral absorption coefficients; the real part is com-
puted to be consistent with the imaginary part by use of known dispersion relations.

Warren states that the compilation of the imaginary part requires subjective interpolation in
the near ultraviolet and microwave, a temperature correction in the far-infrared, and a choice between
two conflicting sources in the near-infrared.

Warren advises that for intermediate wavelengths not given in the table one should interpolate
the real index linearly in the log of the wavelength and the log of the imaginary index linearly in the
log of the wavelength.

2.7.3.6
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1.67E-4 to 8.6 meters)
RECXICES to RFCXICE8

Warren (1984) found the complex refractive indices of Ice Ih for four temperatures: -l, -5, -20,
and -69 degrees C, in the wavelength range 1.67E-4 to 8.6 meters. For intermediate wavelengths Warren
advises interpolating the real index linearly in the log of the wavelength, the log of the imaginary
index linearly in the log of the wavelength, the real index linearly in the temperature, and the log of
the imaginary index linearly in the temperature. See also 2.7.3.5.

2.7.4 Liquid Water

2.7.4.1
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (5.46E-7 to 2.53E-5 meters)
RFCXH201

Data in this table were compiled from various experiments by Zuev et al. (1974) in the 5E-7 to
2.53E-5 meter wavelength interval for pure water at 18 to 20 degrees C. In the original data tables,
Zuev left gaps between numerous data entries; in preparing RFCKH201, a cubic interpolation routine was
used to approximate these missing data values. In the event that finer accuracy is needed, the real
refractive indices at the following wavenumbers (cm!) should be modified using the measured real indices
of the wavenumbers that bound these ranges with a more precise interpolation method: 18100-17550,
17200-16700, 16450-16350, 16200-16000, 15800-15700, 15500-15100, 14900, 1460, 1430, 14100, 13850-13550,
13300-13150, 12909-12650, 12400-12150, 11958, 11700, 11450, 11260, 10908, 10650, 10350, 10108, 9800,
9506, 9198, 8900, 8606, 8326, 8060, 7808, 7540, 7275, 7100, 6660, 6470, 6200, 5880, 5635, 5602, 5376,
5277, 5165, 5046, 4938, 4830, 4746, 4646, 4546, 4446, 4346, 4296, 4196, 4146. For example, if greater
accuracy is needed in a wavenumber range including 18160-17550, take the wavenumbers preceding 18100 and

13



2.3 CLOUD DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS

NOTE: All cloud files contain the number density of drops or ice particles per unit interval (m3 m4).
The number density (m3) in the interval is given by multiplying the number density per unit inter-
val (m3 m7) by the absolute @ifference between the beginning and ending radius (m).

2.3.1
Number Density of Drops (m~3 m74) vs. Radius (meters)
CLOUD1 to CLOUDS

Carrier et al. (1967) presented theoretical scattering parameters for eight different water cloud
models at 4.88E-7, 6.94E-7, 1.96E-6, 4E-6, and 1.@6E-5 meter radiations. These wavelengths, excluding
4E-6, correspond to the monochromatic wavelengths of operationally significant lasers. ‘The authors pre~
sented representative cloud drop size distributions and concentrations for major water cloud types,
assuming spherical water droplets only, and calculated the optical extinction coefficients for each model
using the exact Mie theory. Consequently the calculated optical properties are accurate only for the
cloud models used. We calculated data values in the CLOUD1 - 8 tables from both tabular and graphed data
in Carrier et al. (1965, 1967).

Carrier gives these figures for the concentrations of the drop size distributions:

Type File Name Concentration
(number /cm3)
Stratus I CLOUDL 464 (458)
Stratocumulus CLOUD2 350 (378)
Fairweather Cumulus cLOUD3 306 (157)*
Stratus II cLoUD4 268 (268)
Cumulonimbus. CLOUDS 72 (63)
Cumulus Congestus CLOUD6 267 (198)
Nimbostratus CLOUD? 330 (326)
Altostratus CLOUDB 458 (461)

*The numbers in parentheses represent the results of calculations we performed on histograms derived from
Carrier's figures. The concentration for Fairweather Cumulus, CLOUD3, is different enough that we
suggest taking our value as correct for the data as presented.

2.3.2

Number Density of Ice Particles (m~3 ml) vs. Radius (1.5E-6 to 7.5E-5 meters)
cLoub9

Schickel (1975) took samplings from fifty-six 1980 publications on droplet distributions of water
clouds. CLOUD9 is a sampling for ice fog.

2.3.3
Number Density of Ice Particles (mTM3 m71) vs. Radius (1B-6 to 5E-5 meters (CLOUDI@) and 5E-5 to
SE-4 meters (CLOUD11))
CLOUDI@ and CLOUD11

Heymsfield (1975) studied the growth of the ice phase in cirrus uncinus and cirrostratus clouds
through aircraft measurements of cloud particle spectra at different altitudes. The temperature range
was -14 to -46 degrees. CLOUDI@ and CLOUDI1 are taken from data for particle spectra taken near the top
of a cirrostratus deck. ‘he cirrostratus clouds sampled had their nucleation regions near the top of the
clouds; crystals sedimented and grew from this source region near the top to near the base, and then eva-
porated to the base. ‘The crystal concentrations were about 9.2 anTM3, with 9.1 cw longer than 100
micrometers. ‘The mean length of crystals larger than 100 micrometers ranged between 9.2 and 9.5 mm. ‘he
ice water content ranged between 8.01 and 9.16 g m3,

2.3.4

Number Density of Ice Particles (m73 m7) vs. Radius (3E-6 to 1.33E-5 meters)
cLoubl2

Heymsfield and Jahnsen (1974) sampled thin, nearly invisible tropopause cirrus layers by aircraft
over the continental United States and Pacific Ocean. In the data set used, samplings took place in a
thin cirrus layer between 55,000 and 52,000 £t topped at the tropopause, near the Marshall Islands in the
Pacific in December of 1973. ‘There were no clouds below this level. ‘There was a double tropopause, one
at 55,000 ft and a weak one between 53,000 and 54,000 ft. ‘he ice water content increased from the cloud
top at the tropopause to 308 feet below the tropopause, decreased to 54,008 ft, increased in the second
tropopause to 53,500 ft, and evaporated below. ‘The "source" region of the ice crystals was at the cloud
top where there were high concentrations of small crystals; there was a secondary source region at 53,800
ft. An SRI lidar also indicated two cloud layers, one topped at 55,000 ft, the other at 53,800 ft.



3.2.1.2: Attenuation and Scattering: Water

Entry Key: sequence #, wavelength (m), attenuation (m1), scattering (ml)

Format: [15,3(2X,1PE10.4)]

File Name Range

‘Temp.

Source/
Tape File #

H2OXATTENSCAT 3,75E-7 - 85-7

Jerlov (1968) /10

3.2.2: Standard Atmospheres

Entry Key: sequence #, altitude (km), pressure (mb), temp. (K), density (mols om3) for H20, C02, 03

120, CO, CHgr Op, Nz.

Format: [15,2X,E7.1,5(2X,1PE19.4)] (Lines with sequence #)
(14X,5(2X,1PE19.4)] (lines without sequence #)
File Name Range ‘Temp. Source/
Tape File #

MLS - 100 (km) _- Program FSCDAIM (1981)/ 11
MLW . / 12

SAS " "/ 13

SAW " "/ 14

‘TROPICAL " "7:15

USXSTAN " "/ 16

3.2.3: Cloud Drop Size Distributions

Entry Key: sequence #, number density of drops or

radius (m)
Format: (I5,3(2X,1PE10.4)]

ice

particles (m73 m4), begining radius (m), ending

File Name Range ‘Temp. source/

Tape File +
CLOUDL 1E-7 ~ 1.6B-5 Carrier et al. (1965, 1967)/17
cLoup2 1E-7 - 1.07E-5 "7:18
cLouD3 1E-7 - 1E-5
cLoun4 1E-7 - 28-5
CLOUDS 1E-7 - 3E-5
cLouD6 1E-7 ~ 1.68-5 ——
CLOUD? 1E-7 - 28-5 -—
CLOUD8 1E-7 - 1.3E-5
CLOUDS 1.5E+6 - 7.5E-5 Schickel (1975) /25
CLOUD1O E-6 - 5E-5 Heymsfield (1975)/ 26
CLOUD11 5E-S - 5E-4 "7 27
CLOUD12 3B-6 - 1.3E-5 — Heymsfield & Jahnsen (1974)/28
cLoup13 3.97E-7 - 3.97E-5 Kraus & Barnes (1976b)/29
CLOUDI4 3.97E-7 ~ 28-4 Kraus & Barnes (1976a)/30
CLOUDI5 3.97E-7 - 1.58E-4 Barnes (1977)/ 31
CLOUDL6 8.05E-6 - 5.645-4 Glass & Varley (1978) /32
CLOUDI7 1B-6 ~ 8.65-4 Varley & Brooks (1978)/33
CLOUDL8 1B-6 - 3.1E-5 34

19



WORLD DATA CENTER A

for
Meteorology

and

WORLD DATA CENTER A
for

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

REPORT UAG-89

ATMOSPHERIC HANDBOOK
Atmospheric Data Tables
Available on Computer Tape

July 1984

NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER
NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA CENTER

MLS MLW sAs SAid TROP US STD

A
L
T
I
t
U
D
i=
K
m



Special Input Format Procedures:
~ When entering wavelength data, use exponential notation
of the form "digit'E'exponent", where

: ‘digit’ is any number. The number must include
a decimal and must occupy 4 spaces;
'g! is the letter 'B';
‘exponent! is a signed or unsigned integer constant.
‘exp’ must occupy 2 spaces.
EXAMPLES: NUMBER YOU ENTER

|

H

256 2. 00E06
25-6 2.90E-6
275E-8 275.E-8, 2.75E-6, etc.

o20900090RR0000

User Options

~ desired temperatures entered singly or as an array
~ print output to screen and/or diskfile

Output - output diskfile named "MICOUT"; should be renamed after each run

C------ File unit #s

c —

Cc 1: data file (h20 or ice)
c 2: diskfile

Cc ll: terminal

Conn Data Files used:

c =~ —

RFICEMNS@ , RFICEMN30 , RFICEMN1G , RPICEMO , RFH2OMNS , RFH20M6,
RFH20M1@ , RFH20M18, RFH20M20 , RFH20M39 , RFH20M49 , RFH20M50,
—— REH20M69 ,RFH20M75

C------ Subroutines

DAT: reads indices data into arrays

H20PEN: opens h2o data file

HQOTEMP: checks temperature validity

HEADER: prints informational header

ICEOPEN: opens ice data file

ICETEMP: checks temperature validity

INTERP: uses linear interpolation to build
output arrays

INIVEC: builds a user-entered integer array

KEY: prints variable key

LINTERP: two-point linear interpolation

RD: transfers a data array to output

READANS: checks user answers for error

REPRINT: prints output arrays

SUBHDR: prints substance and temperature

TEMPCHK: checks temperature array for errors

VECTOR: builds user-entered real array

imaginary index data

DATREAL: real index data

DAIVEC: wavelength data

MICFIL: character array; used to transfer
data arrays to output

‘TEM: temperature

Output
IMAG: imaginary indices (in general, interpolated)
LAM: wavelength
RFREAL: real indices (in general, interpolated)

Variables

—- Logical

— CHK: used in checking temperature validity

DATSET: indicates whether temps. are being
entered singly or as an array

H20,ICE: indicate current substance

OPEN2: indicates whether unit 2 is open

42



2.7.1.2 Aerosol, Synthetic

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4E-7 to 1.5E-5 meters)
RFCXSYNAER

Ivlev and Popova (1973) studied the optical constants of sulfates, silicates, nitrates, metal
oxides, and minerals containing the cation [NH4] in the wavelength range 4E-7 to 1.5E-5 meters. Missing
data on the complex indices were calculated by the Kramers-Kronig method from the transmission and
reflectance spectra.

The authors collected and analyzed data on the optical constants and other optical charac-
teristics of minerals that are present in the materials of atmospheric aerosols, and the variations of
these characteristics on transition from one mineral of a given class to another, within the given wave~
length region. On the basis of available observational data on the chemical composition of aerosol par~
ticles in the surface layer of the atmosphere, a model was constructed for the matter of the
atmospheric-aerosol dispersed phase, and effective values of the complex index were calculated assuming
the absence of free water. It was assumed that all the chemical compounds are uniformly distributed in
the material of aerosol particles of different sizes. The refractive index values can be recommended for
calculations of the optical characteristics of dry atmospheric aerosols.

2.7.1.3 Ammonium Sulphate

2.7.1.3.1
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (9.3E-6 to 9.5E-6 meters)
RFCXAMSP1 to RFCXAMSP3

Jennings (1981) applied an "attenuated total reflectance" goniometric system to the measurement
of complex refractive indices of aerosol constituents at CO2 laser wavelengths. He demonstrated the
reliability of the system through a comparison of his experimental and previously reported values.
Jennings chose water (2.7.4.4) and ammonium sulphate solutions for these checks. Water was triply
distilled, and any ammonia or carbon dioxide was removed. The final sample was stored under argon.
Ammonium sulphate solutions were prepared from finely ground ammonium sulphate powder, and their molality
was determined gravimetrically. Our data files are for the three molalities 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2, (as indi-
cated by the first line of the individual files). Polystyrene latex particles (2.7.1.17) with mean
diameter 9.1£-8 meters were used in suspensions ranging from 5% to 20% by weight. ‘These percentages
correspond to the percentage values in the first line of each data file. From these suspension values,
Jennings used the Maxwell Garnet mixture rule and an extrapolation scheme to derive the refractive index
(file RFCXPLIX1).

2.7.1.3.2
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4.05E-7 to 4E-5 meters)
RECXAMSP4

Toon et al. (1976) reviewed techniques for finding optical constants and assessed their accuracy.
From these sources they compiled the optical constants of sodium chloride (2.7.1.19) and aluminum oxide
(2.7.1.26.5) in the wavelength ranges 26-7 to 18-4 and 26-7 to 3B-4 meters respectively. ‘The constants
of ammonium sulphate were derived partly from values quoted and partly from their own measurements, for
the wavelength range 4.05E-7 to 4£-5 meters.

2.7.1.4 Barium Fluoride

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4.05E-7 to 7.7E-7 meters)
REXBARF1 to RFXBARF3

Malitson (1964) presented data from a 1944 National Bureau of Standards experiment on the real
refractive indices of barium fluoride for nine visible wavelengths in the range 4.05E-7 to 7.68E-7 meters
at 15, 35, and 55 degrees C. ‘The uncertainty of these index measurements was estimated at 3E-6.
Malitson included data from a 1958 experiment in which he determined values for the real refractive index
of a commercially grown barium fluoride prism with refracting angle near 61 degrees. Measurements were
made at temperatures near 25 degrees C for 46 calibrated wavelengths of various emission sources and
absorption bands from 2.66E-7 meters in the ultraviolet to 1.03E-5 meters in the infrared. Malitson
claims that an average absolute residual of 1.9E-5 indicates that values for the index may be inter-
polated to five decimal places.

2.7.1.5 Cadmium Sulfide
2.7.1.5+1

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (5.128-7 to 1.4E-6 meters)

RFXCDS10, RFXCDS1E

Bieniewski and Czyzak (1963) reported their experimental data for the real refractive index,
ordinary and extraordinary rays, of zinc (2.7.1.24.1) and cadmium sulfide in the wavelength range 3.6B-7
to 1.4E-6 meters (ZnS) and 5.12E-7 to 1.4E-6 meters (CdS).

6



2.4.2

Solar Spectral Irradiance (watts m2 m71) vs. Wavelength (2.5E-1@ to 1.95E-2 meters)
FLUX2

From Smith and Gottlieb (1974), the tables in FLUX2 represent solar irradiance data as derived
from various sources by the authors, in the wavelength range 2.5E-1@ to 1.95E-2 meters. Smith and
Gottlieb used the formula

B= m [(r4)/(R4)]P = 6.80 x (1075)

to derive the solar irradiance (the solar flux at 1 AU) from the total solar flux, where H is the solar
irradiance, F is the total solar flux, r is the radius of the sun, and R is 1 AU. "AU" is defined as
"Astronomical Unit", the mean distance from the earth to the sun, where 1 AU = 1.49E11 meters.

The data in FLUX2 are reproduced from Smith and Gottlieb (1974) with permission from D. Reidel
Publishing, copyright holder.

2.5 SKY SPECTRAL RADIANCE

NOTE: Sky spectral radiance is the power falling on area A per unit optical aperture (steradians), per
unit wavelength range.

Sky Spectral Radiance (watts m2 m7) vs. Wavelength (3.1E-7 to 7.28-7 meters)
SKYBAC]1@, SKYBACSL

SKYBACSL and SKYBAC]@ are files of the spectral radiance of the sky at sea level and at 10,006
feet. Walter Clark (1969) designed, built, and calibrated a spectrophotometer that was used at sea level
and carried in an aircraft to collect the data. The data are for the wavelength region 3.1E-7 to 7.2B-7
meters. Clark reports that error computations of sky luminance using the root mean square method
resulted in 6.5% to 11.5% error depending upon the signal amplitudes, and thus the spectral radiance
absolute accuracy probably varies between 13% and 16%.

2.6 RAYLEIGH COEFFICIENTS, AIR

Mass Scattgring Coefficient (m2 kg~2), Volume Scattering Coefficient (ml), and Scattering Cross
Section (m¢) vs. Wavelength (2R-7 to 2£-5 meters) for Air
MASSXSCAT, VOLXSCAT, RAYXSCATCROSS

Penndorf (1957) calculated the real refractive indices of standard air based on Bdlen's formula
for the wavelength range 2E-7 to 2E-5 meters (2.7.2). Computations of the Rayleigh scattering cross sec-
tions and mass and volume scattering coefficients were tabulated in the same range. Standard air is
defined as dry air containing 0.03% CO by volume at normal pressure 760 mm Hg (=1013.25 mb) and having
an air temperature of 15 degrees C. When calculating the refractive indices Penndorf made allowances for
the influence of temperature and pressure. Penndorf used a standard textbook formula in figuring the
Rayleigh scattering coefficient, and advised that its accuracy is correct to about +/- 10%; his com-
putations for the coefficient can be considered correct to four figures. Refer to the original article
for complete discussions of all formulas used.

2.7 REFRACTIVE INDICES

NOTE: In instances where one experiment resulted in data for more than one substance, only one data
description is given. It contains parenthesized numerical references to the location of the data
for other substances. The aerosol indices are alphabetized according to substance, and then
listed according to the file name prefixes "RE", "RFI", or "RFC", in that order, ‘The particular
substance, wavelength range (meters), and refractive index type (real, imaginary, or complex, all
dimensionless) are as indicated preceding the filenames.

2.7.1 Aerosols
2.7.1.1 ADP (Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate)

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 2E-6 meters)
RFXADPO, RFXADPE.

Zernike (1964) measured the real refractive indices of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and
potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP, 2.7.1.14) in air at wavelengths between 2E-7 and 2E-6 meters, at
temperatures ranging from 24.6 to 24.9 degrees C. ‘The accuracy of the indices is +/- 3E-5 or better.
Zernike measured the indices using the method of known incidence used by F. Rydberg (1828) and Tilton et
al. (1949). ‘he ADP and KDP prisms had angles of approximately 61.5 and 60 degrees respectively.
zernike also included the real refractive indices of fused silica (2.7.1.21) for ten wavelengths between
3.65E-7 and 5.78E-7 meters.



10

20
46

96

91

100
208
300
400
500
558
600
766
800
900
1008
1106
1206
1308
1460

SUBROUTINE SUBHDR (OUT,TEMP,ICE )

Prints current substance and temperature to output

Non-standard Format Code (statement number): 100, 260

Parameter list
input - logical
ICE: indicates current substance
input - integer
OUT: indicates print option
TEMP: temperature

LOGICAL ICE
INTEGER OUT, TEMP

IF (OUT.LT.8) GOTO 10

IF ((QUT.EQ.0) .OR. (OUT.EQ.2)) GOTO 16
GOTO 26

UNIT = 11

GOTO 46

UNIT=2

IF (ICE) GOTO 98

WRITE (UNIT, 169)

IF (TEMP.BQ.-8) WRITE (UNIT, 308)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 9) WRITE (UNIT, 400)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 18) WRITE (UNIT,500)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 18) WRITE (UNIT, 550)
IF (TEMP.BQ. 26) WRITE (UNIT, 660)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 30) WRITE (UNIT, 700)
IP (TEMP.BQ. 40) WRITE (UNIT,806)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 56) WRITE (UNIT, 960)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 68) WRITE (UNIT, 1000)
IF (TEMP.EQ. 75) WRITE (UNIT, 1169)
GOTO 91

WRITE (UNIT, 200)

IP (TEMP.EQ.-50) WRITE (UNIT, 1200)
IF (TEMP.EQ.-30) WRITE (UNIT, 1399)
IF (TEMP.EQ.-10) WRITE (UNIT, 1400)
IP (TEMP.EQ.6) WRITE (UNIT, 499)

IF ((OUT.EQ.2) AND. (UNIT.EQ.11)) GOTO 29
RETURN

FORMAT (/"SUBSTANCE: H20",3X, "TEMP:
FORMAT (/"SUBSTANCE: ICE", 3X,"TEMP:
BORMAT ("-8"/)

FORMAT ("Q"/)

FORMAT ("16"/)

FORMAT ("18"/)

FORMAT ("20"/)

FORMAT ("30"/)

FORMAT ("49"/)

FORMAT ("59"/)

FORMAT ("60"/)

FORMAT ("75"/)

FORMAT ("-58"/)

FORMAT ("-36"/)

FORMAT ("-10"/)

" 2)
72)

END

55



312
313
315
328
321
322
330
409

16

20

FORMAT
FORMAT
FORMAT
FORMAT
FORMAT
FORMAT
FORMAT
FORMAT.

(11)

(F5.2)

("s")

(/"RE-ENTER ATMOSPHERE")

("RE-ENTER ALTITUDE")

("RE-ENTER AEROSOL")

(/"COMPLETED" )

("BRROR: THERE MUST BE AT LEAST ONE SET OF VALID "/

“ENTRIES IN THIS ARRAY. PROGRAM TERMINATED")

END

FUNCTION ERCHK (ANS )

Checks
g = NO

for errors in user answers. In general,
and 1 = YES.

Note that on some systems inputting '+', '-', or '.' is
identical to inputting a zero.

LOGICAL ERCHK
INTEGER ANS

IPF ((ANS .NE. @) .AND. (ANS .NE. 1)) GOTO 10
Fl

ERCHK

RETURN

"ALSE.

ERCHK = .TRUE.
WRITE (11, 26)

RETURN
FORMAT (/"INCORRECT ENTRY. ENTER @ OR 1")

END

38



ZERNIKE, F., Jr.

ZUEV, V.E.

1964

1974

fournal of the Optical Society of America, 54, No. 18, p.
1215.

Propagation of Visible and Infrared Radiation in the
Atmosphere, p. 371, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1974.

26



- Integer

ANS: user answer

DATSIZ: length of current data array
MICOUT: output Filename

LAMLEN: length of user wavelength array
OUT: indicates print option

TEMP: temperature

TEMPLEN: length of temperature array

Suchi Psarakos
N.O.A.A.

325 Broadway

B/E/W2

Boulder, Colorado 89303

eanaa

Please direct questions to Dr. Vernon Derr, (303) 497~6062,
or Suchi Psarakos, (303) 497-5361.

20

(CHE HEH

LOGICAL OPEN2 ,H20, ICE, DATSET, CHK ,H2OTEMP, ICETEMP
DIMENSION MICFIL (29) ,DATVEC (23),

$ DATREAL (23) ,DATIMAG (23) , RFREAL (56)
INTEGER ANS, OUD, TEMPLEN, TEMP, LAMLEN , DATSIz , TEM (50) ,MICOUT
REAL LAM(5@) , IMAG (59)

Coen initialize
CALL HEADER (9 )
WRITE (11, 98)
OPEN2=. FALSE.
Co--- print option

WRITE (11,99)
WRITE (11,91)

5 READ (11,95,ERR=8) ANS
IF ((ANS .NE. @) AND. (ANS.NE.1) «AND. (ANS.NE.2)) GOTO 8
Our = ANS
IF ((OUT.EQ.1) .OR. (OUT.EQ. 2) .AND. (.NOT.OPEN2)) GOTO 6
GOTO 9

c------ name for output file?

CHR

6 OPEN 2, "MICOUT", ATT="A"

CH

OPEN2 = . TRUE.
IF ((OUT.EQ.1).OR. (QUT.EQ.2)) CALL HEADER (1)

GOTO 9
C------ incorrect entry
8 WRITE (11,94)

WRITE (11,91)

GOTO 5
C------ substance?

9 WRITE (11,109)

WRITE (11,125)
CALL READANS (ANS )
IF (ANS.EQ.@) GOTO 26

C-—---- ice
ICE = .TRUE.
H20 = .FALSE.
GOTO 36

C------ entry mode?

30 WRITE (11,225)
WRITE (11,125)
CALL READANS (ANS )
IF (ANS.EQ.) GOTO 49

C------ data set
DATSET=. TRUE.
WRITE (11, 15)
IF (H20) WRITE (11, 175)
IF (ICE) WRITE (11, 206)
WRITE (11,1609)
CALL INTVEC (20, TEMPLEN, TEM)
IF (TEMPLEN.LT.@) GOTO 89
CALL 'TEMPCHK (TEM,TEMPLEN,ICE )

43



ROBERTSON, C.W., and
D. WILLIAMS

RODNEY, W., I.H.
MALITSON, and T. KING

RUSK, A.N., D.
WILLIAMS, and M.R. QUERRY

RUSSELL, E., and
E.E. BELL

RUSSELL, P.B., G.W. GRAMS,
I.H. BLIFFORD, Jr., and
D.A. GILLETTE

RYDBERG, F,

RYDE, D., and

J.W. RYDE

SALZBERG, C.D., and

J.J. VILLA

SAXTON, J.A.

SCHAAF, J.W., and
D. WILLIAMS

SCHICKEL, K.P.

SMITH, E.V.P., and
D.M. GOTTLIEB

SMITH, M.A.H.
SPITZER, W.G., and
D.A. KLEINMAN
STOCKBERGER, D.C.

STOCKBERGER, D.C., and
M. EARLY

‘THEKAEKARA, M.P.

TILTON, L.W., E.K.
PLYLER, and R.E. STEPHENS

TOON, O.B., B.N. KHARE
and J.B. POLLACK

VALLEY, S.L., ed.

VARLEY, D.J., and
D.M. BROOKS

WARREN, S.G.

WMO

WYATT, P.J.

1971

1958

1971

1967

1974

1828

1945

1957

1945

1973

1975

1974

1982

1961

1949
1944

1972
1949

1976

1965
1978

1984
1982

1986

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 61, p. 1316.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 48, No. 9, pp.
633-636.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 61, p. 895.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 57, No. 3, pp.
341-348.

Journal of Applied Meteorology, 13, p. 459.

Poggendorfs Ann., 14, 45.

"Attenuation of Centimetre and Millimetre Waves by Rain,
Hail, Fogs, and Clouds", Research Labs of General Electric
Company, Ltd., Wembley, England.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 47, No. 3, pp.
244-246.

"The Dielectric Properties of Water at Wavelengths from 2mm
to 1@cm and Over the Temperature Range @ degrees C to 40
degrees C", N.P.I., Paper no. R.R.B./C.115.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 63, No. 6, pp.
726-732. We appended the data from the article with addi-
tional data which J.W. Schaaf furnished for us. ‘These data
and information discussing pessimistic and optimistic uncer-
tainty estimates can be found in the doctoral dissertation of
J.W. Schaaf, Kansas State University (1973).

"Sampling of Droplet Distributions From Water Clouds",
Deutsche Forschungs-Und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft-Und
Raumfahrt, Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare,
Oberpfaffenhofen, West Germany, November 25,

‘Space Science Review, 16, pp. 771-802.

"Compilation of Atmospheric Gas Concentration Profiles from @
to 50 km", NASA~TM-83289,

Physical Review, 121, pp. 1324-1335.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 39, p. 731.

"Artificial Fluorite", O.S.R.D., Rept. No. 4690.

Photonics Spectra, 6, No. 3, pp. 32-35.

J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std., U.S., 43, 81.

Journal of Geophysical Res., 81, No. 33, pp. 5733-5748.

Handbook of Geophysics and Space Environments, AFGL.

"Cirrus Particle Distribution Study, Part 2",
AFGL~TR-78-0 248,

Applied Optics, 23, pp. 1206-1225.

"The Stratosphere 1981 Theory and Measurement", Global Ozone
Research and Monitoring Project, Report ll.

Applied Optics, 19, No. 6, pp. 975-983.

25



UAG-76

UAG-77

UAG-78

UAG-79

UAG-80

UAG-81

UAG-82

UAG-83

UAG-84

UAG-85

UAG-86

UAG-87

UAG-88

~ UAG-89

UAG-90

UAG SERIES OF REPORTS (Continued)

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(12) FOR JULY - DECEMBER 1975, by Joe Haskell Al-
len, Car] C. Abston, J.£. Salazar and J.A. McKinnon, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial
Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO, August 1980, 116 pp, $2.50.

SYNOPTIC SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD MAPS FOR THE INTERVAL INCLUDING CARRINGTON ROTATIONS 1601-1680,
MAY 5, 1973 - APRIL 26, 1979, by J. Harvey, B. Gillespie, P. Miedaner and C. Slaughter, Kitt
Peak National Observatory, Tucson, AZ, August 1980, 66 pp, $2.50.

THE EQUATORIAL LATITUDE OF AURORAL ACTIVITY DURING 1972-1977, by N.R. Sheeley, dr. and R.A. How-
ard, E.0. Hulbert Center for Space Research, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC and
B.S. Dandekar, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA, October 1980, 61 pp, $3.00.

SOLAR OBSERVATIONS DURING SKYLAB, APRIL 1973 - FEBRUARY 1974, I. CORONAL X-RAY STRUCTURE, II.
SOLAR FLARE ACTIVITY, by J.M. Hanson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and E.C. Roelof and
and R.E. Gold, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, December 1980, 43 pp, $2.50.

EXPERIMENTAL COMPREHENSIVE SOLAR FLARE INDICES FOR 'MAJOR' AND CERTAIN LESSER FLARES, 1975-1979,
compiled by Helen W. Dodson and £. Ruth Hedeman, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, July
1981, 33 pp, $2.00.

EVOLUTIONARY CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY (CALCIUM PLAGES) AS FUNCTIONS OF HELIOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE
AND TIME, 1964-1979, by E. Ruth Hedeman, Helen W. Dodson and Edmond C. Roelof, The Johns Hopkins
University, Laurel, MD, August 1981, 103 pp, $4.00

INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE - IRI 79, edited by J. Virginia Lincoln and Raymond 0. Con-
kright, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO, November
1981, 243 pp, $4.50.

SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY REPORTS FOR SEPTEMBER 7-24, 1977 AND NOVEMBER 22, 1977, Parts 1 and
2, compiled by John A. McKinnon and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A for Solar-Terres-
trial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, CO, February 1982, 553 pp, $10.00

CATALOG OF AURORAL RADIO ABSORPTION DURING 1976-1979 AT ABISKO, SWEDEN, by J.K. Hargreaves, C.M.
Taylor and J.M. Penman, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Lancaster, Lancaster,
UK, July 1982, 69 pp, $3.00.

CATALOG OF IONOSPHERE VERTICAL SOUNDINGS DATA, edited by Raymond 0, Conkright and H. Irene Bro~
phy, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO, July 1982, 107 pp, $3.50. Supersedes
UAG-54.

INTERNATIONAL CATALOG OF GEOMAGNETIC DATA, compiled by J.H. Allen and C.C. Abston, National Geo-
physical Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO; E.P. Kharin and N.£. Papitashvili, Academy of Sciences

of the USSR, World Data Center B2, Moscow, USSR; and V.0. Papitashvili, IZMIRAN, Moscow Region,

USSR, November 1982, 191 pp, $4.00. Supersedes UAG-35 and 49

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL ELECTRIC FIELDS AND CURRENTS FOR MARCH 17-19, 1978, FROM SIX IMS MERIDIAN
CHAINS OF MAGNETOMETERS, by Y. Kamide, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan; H.W. Kroehl, Na-
tional Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO; and A.D. Richmond, NOAA Space Environment La-
boratory, Boulder, CO, November 1982, 102 pp, $3.50.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF IONOSPHERIC PARAMETERS FROM GLOBAL IMS MAGNETOMETER DATA FOR THE CDAW-6
INTERVALS, by Y. Kamide, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan; H.W. Kroehl, National Geophysi-
cal Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO; and B.A. Hausman, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA,
Boulder, CO, November 1983, 197 pp, $4.00.

ATMOSPHERIC HANDBOOK: ATMOSPHERIC DATA TABLES AVAILABLE ON COMPUTER TAPE, by V.E. Derr, NOAA
Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO, July 1984, 56 pp.

EXPERIENCE WITH PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE (IRI): CONTRIB-
UTED PAPERS, MAINLY FROM THE URSI-COSPAR WORKSHOP HELD IN BUDAPEST IN 1980, edited by kK. Rawer,
University of Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany, and C.M. Minnis, former Secretary General
of URSI, Brussels, Belgium, May 1984, 233 pp, $6.00

se U.S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1984—776-034/10,000 REGION NO. 8



2. DATA DESCRIPTIONS [DATAXDESCRIP, 3]

This section contains brief descriptions of the sources for data found in the Handbook. Each
description is preceded by a definition of the data file variables and their ranges and units, as well as
a list of the file names (in capital letters).

2.1 A }UATION COEFFICIENTS

2.1.1
Atmospheric Absorption (kml) and Scattering (cm71) vs. Altitude (@ to 85 km)
ATTENHT, AERXCLR, AERXHAZ, MIDLATSUM, MIDLAIWIN, SUBARCSUM, SUBARCWIN, TROPIC (all accessed by
Program ATTENCOEF)

The tables contain values of attenuation coefficients as a function of altitude for five
atmospheric and two aerosol models from McClatchey et al. (1972). The altitude range is @ to 85 km and
the radiation wavelength is 9.6943 micrometers. Numerical values for the coefficients were computed and
then logarithmically interpolated for each atmospheric layer. ‘he aerosol attenuation coefficients are
identical for all geographical and seasonal models. If the total attenuation (G) is required, the four
coefficients can be summed: G = molecular absorption + molecular scattering + aerosol absorption + aero-
sol scattering. ‘he tables are accessed by program ATTENCOEF.

2.1.2
Attenuation (m7) and Scattering (m7) vs. Wavelength (3.75E-7 to 8E-7 meters) for Water
H2OXATTENSCAT

Jerlov (1968) collected the observed attenuation coefficients of Clarke and James (1939) and the
theoretical scattering coefficients of LeGrand (1939) for pure water in the range 3.75E-7 to 8E-7 meters.
In their experiments Clarke and James found no palpable differences between the attenuances of distilled
water and ocean water, and therefore the values for distilled water can be used when attenuation coef-
ficienis for salt water are needed.

2.2 STANDARD ATMOSPHERES

Pressure (mb), Temperature (K), and Number Densities (mols cn73) vs. Altitude (@ to 100 km) of
120, COz, 03, N20, CO, CH4, Op, and No
MLS, MLW, SAS, SAW, TROPICAL, USXSTAN

These tables are taken from the Air Force Geophysics Lab computer code for FSCDATM, Gallery et
al. (1981). Data were originally derived from McClatchey et al. (1972). ‘hey originate from "Handbook
of Geophysics and Space Environments" (Valley, 1965). ‘The six profiles consist of the pressure, tem-
perature, and number densities of H20, 002, 03, N20, CO, Clg, 02, and Ng vs. altitude for the following
atmospheric types: Tropical (15 deg. N.), Midlatitude Summer (45 deg. N., July), Midlatitude Winter (45
deg. N., January), Subarctic Summer (69 deg. N., July), Subarctic Winter (6@ deg. N., January), and the
1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere.

A draft version of a section of the report on FSCDAIM states:

"The water vapor density for the 1962 Standard corresponds to relative humidities of
approximately 50% for altitudes up to 16 km, whereas the relative humidity values for the other
models tend to decrease with altitude from approximately 88% at sea level to approximately 30%
at 10 km. Above 12 km the water vapor number densities of all models but the 1962 Standard are
identical and represent volume mixing ratios which reach a minimum of about 6.5 ppm at 17 km,
increase to 30 ppmv at 30 km, then decrease to 10 ppmv at 50 km. For all models, the gases
C02, N90, CO, CHgr Og, and Nz are considered uniformly mixed with volume mixing ratios of 330,
9.28, 6.075, 1.6, 1.095E05, and 7.985605 ppmv respectively."

In correspondence with us, W.O. Gallery of AFGL commented that the data on which these profiles are based
are old. ‘The report continues:

"the stratospheric water vapor concentrations for the six profiles are now known to be too
large by a factor of 5 at 30 km. ‘The models may still be considered representative of their
respective conditions up to about 58 km for temperature, up to 3@ km for ozone densities, and
up to the tropopause (approximately 15 km in the Tropics to 8 km in the Arctic) for water
vapor."

‘wo useful recent reports are WMO (1982) and M. Smith (1982). ‘The U.S. Standard Atmosphere for 1976
updates the 1962 Standard for temperature above 50 km and provides revised estimates for the surface con-
centrations of what was previously termed the "uniformly mixed gases". New values for the volume mixing
ratios of 002, N20, CO, and CH are 322, 0.27, 0.19, and 1.60 ppmv respectively. ‘he 1976 Standard gives
equations for the computation of the number density of individual species. When updated tables are
released by AFGL, we plan to incorporate them into the Handbook.

2



kilometers, and absorption and scattering are measured per kilometer; and the standard atmosphere data
files for which altitude, pressure, temperaure, and density are measured in kilometers, millibars,
kelvins, and molecules per cubic centimeter, respectively.

A double asterisk, "**", stands for "raised to the power of", e.g., "m**-3 m**-1" means "per
meter cubed per meter". In a numerical context, the letter "E" refers to exponent, e.g., "2.5E-3" means
"2.5 x 1979", where "x" is multiplication.

3.1.5 Significant Figures

In instances where our data sources reported an error estimate for their experiments, this esti-
mate was included in the data description. Our refractive index and relative reflectance data have six
digits after the decimal. This large number of significant figures was implemented to ensure sufficient
space for increased accuracy in the event of interpolation on small computer systems. In most cases the
refractive index data are good to 3 or 4 decimal places. Generally, Handbook data with 4 digits after
the decimal can be considered significant to 2 to 3 places, unless otherwise specified. ‘he original
source should be consulted by those to whom the accuracy precision is important. The number of figures
quoted in the tables is not a good guide to significance.

3.1.6 Computer Programs: ATTENCOEF (files 171-187) and MICRO (files 178, 188~217)

Program ATTENCOEF gives the attenuation coefficients as a function of altitude for five
atmospheric and two aerosol models. ‘The altitude range is # to 85 kilometers, and wavelength = 9.6943
micrometers. Program MICRO gives the refractive indices for select water and ice data in the microwave
region. Both programs were written following standard FORTRAN 77 guidelines; however some Data General
FORTRAN V options were used. ‘The drivers of both programs list all non-standard FORTRAN characteristics;
for easy identification their occurrences within the program are delimited by a "C” in column one
followed by a series of "+" signs. Additionally, non-standard format codes are listed’ by their statement
label in the comment section at the beginning of each subroutine. Make sure to load all the files
belonging to a program from the tape, or the programs won't run. Additiorial ice refractive index data
for the microwave region, located in files 222-225, were acquired after the completion of program MICRO,
and thus are not available to the user through the program.

Program ATTENCOEF will request the following information:

(1) ATTENCOEF retrieves attenuation and scattering coefficients using user-entered parameters for
atmospheric and aerosol types, and altitude. Do you want to enter each set of these three parameters
individually, or multiply into an array? The maximum length for this array is 100.

(2) Would you like your results typed to the screen, sent to a diskfile, or both? when either of
the diskfile options are used, input is sent to one standard diskfile. Care should be taken to rename
this file before subsequent runs of the program occur.

(3) What atmospheric type: tropical, midlatitude summer, midlatitude winter, subarctic summer, or
subarctic winter?

(4) What altitude(s) in the 9.0 to 85. km range?
(5) What aerosol type: clear or hazy?

(6) You may be asked to make a choice between the coefficients nearest the altitude requested or
the values derived from using a linear interpolation which approximates these coefficients by using
available heights.

(7) If (in response to question 1) you have been entering data parameters singly, after you
receive the attenuation coefficients requested you may a) continue, using a different altitude, b) con-
tinue, using a different atmosphere, c) continue, but transfer to array entry mode, or d) terminate. If

already in array entry mode, once your data parameter array has been exhausted, you may either start over
in the entry mode of your choice or terminate.

Program MICRO will request the following information:

(1) Would you like your results typed to the screen, sent to a diskfile, or both? If either of
the diskfile options are used, output is sent to one standard file. Care should be taken to rename this
file before subsequent runs of the program occur.

(2) Do you want, refractive indices for water or ice?

(3) The refractive indices are separated according to temperature and then sorted by wavelength.
Do you want to request each temperature individually, or enter multiple temperatures into an array?
‘Temperatures are in degrees C.

(4) You will be shown the entire data file for each temperature requested. If using the diskfile
option, you may have this entire file sent to disk. You will be asked if you would like interpolations
between any of the wavelengths shown. ‘These wavelengths must be entered in meters. Because of the
spareness of data in the microwave region, interpolation may not be accurate.

16



SUBROUTINE RD (UNIT, MICFIL)
c———— Transfers a data array to output

C-----= Non-standard Format Code (statement number): 5000

Cc Note that the use of 'A' format code is system dependent.
c Depending on the system, it will have to be modified

c according to the form 'xAy', where 'x' is a repetition

c count, and 'y' represents the number of characters you
Cc want read in per computer word (note that the characters
c will be left~justified, and padded with blanks) .

Parameter list
input - integer
UNIT: the device to which the data file
will be written
output
MICFIL: array used to transfer one
of the data arrays to output, line by line

DIMENSION MICFIL (29)

INTEGER UNIT

16 READ (1,5808,END=26) (MICFIL(I), I=1,29)
WRITE (UNIT,5@06) (MICFIL(I), I=2,29)
GOTO 16

CHEE

20 REWIND 1

CHEE HEE
RETURN

5000 FORMAT (6X, 29A2)
END

53



UAG-39

UAG-40

UAG-41

UAG-42

UAG-43

UAG-44

UAG-45

UAG-46

UAG-47

UAG-48A

UAG-50

UAG-51

UAG-52

UAG-53

UAG-55

UAG-56

UAG-57

UAG SERIES OF REPORTS (Continued)

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11) FOR 1971, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, February 1975, 144 pp, $2.05

H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD OF SKYLAB OBSERVATIONS, MAY 1973 -
MARCH 1974, by Patrick S. McIntosh, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO, February
1975, 32 pp.

H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF SOLAR CYCLE 20 OCTOBER 1964 -
AUGUST 1965, by Patrick S. McIntosh, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO, and Jerome
T. Nolte, American Science and Engineering, Inc., Cambridge, MA, March 1975, 25 pp.

OBSERVATIONS OF JUPITER'S SPORADIC RADIO EMISSION IN THE RANGE 7.6-80 MHZ, 10 DECEMBER 1971
THROUGH 21 MARCH 1975, by James W. Warwick, George A. Dulk and Anthony C. Riddle, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO, April 1975, 49 pp

CATALOG OF OBSERVATION TIMES OF GROUND-BASED SKYLAB-COORDINATED SOLAR OBSERVING PROGRAMS, com~-
piled by Helen E. Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, CO,
May 1975, 159 pp, $3.00.

SYNOPTIC MAPS OF SOLAR 9.1 CM MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM JUNE 1962 TO AUGUST 1973, by Werner Graf
and Ronald N. Bracewell, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, May 1975, 183 pp, $2.55.

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11) FOR 1972, by Joe Haskeil Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, May 1975, 144 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD DATA 1963-1964, by Joseph H. King, National Space Science Data
Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, June 1975, 382 pp, $1.95.

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11) FOR 1973, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, June 1975, 144 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR CORONA DURING CARRINGTON ROTATIONS 1580-1596 (11 OCTOBER 1971
= 15 JANUARY 1973), [Re-issue of UAG-48 with quality images], by R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J.
Michels, R. Tousey, C.R. Detwiler, 0.£. Roberts, R.T. Seal, and J.D. Whitney, U.S. Naval Re-
search Laboratory, Washington, DC; and R.T. Hansen and S.F. Hansen, C.J. Garcia and E. Yasukawa,
High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, February 1976, 200 pp, $4.27. Supersedes UAG~48

HIGH-LATITUDE SUPPLEMENT TO THE URSI HANDBOOK ON IONOGRAM INTERPRETATION AND REDUCTION, edited
by W.R. Piggott, British Antarctic Survey, c/o Appleton Laboratory, Slough, UK, October 1975,
294 pp, $4.00.

SYNOPTIC MAPS OF SOLAR CORONAL HOLE BOUNDARIES DERIVED FROM HE II 304A SPECTROHELIOGRAMS FROM
THE MANNED SKYLAB MISSIONS, by J.D. Bohlin and D.M. Rubenstein, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory,
Washington, DC, November 1975, 30 pp.

EXPERIMENTAL COMPREHENSIVE SOLAR FLARE INDICES FOR CERTAIN FLARES, 1970-1974, by Helen W. Dodson
and E. Ruth Hedeman, McMath-Hulbert Observatory, University of Michigan, Pontiac, MI, November
1975, 27 pp.

DESCRIPTION AND CATALOG OF IONOSPHERIC F-REGION DATA, JICAMARCA RADIO OBSERVATORY (NOVEMBER 1966
- APRIL 1969), by W.L. Clark and T.£. Van Zandt, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO, and J.P.
McClure, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, April 1976, 10 pp.

EQUIVALENT IONOSPHERIC CURRENT REPRESENTATIONS BY A NEW METHOD, ILLUSTRATED FOR 8-9 NOVEMBER
1969 MAGNETIC DISTURBANCES, by Y. Kamide, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; H.W. Kroehl, Data Studies Division, National Geo-
physical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; M. Kanamitsu, Advanced Study Program,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO; doe Haskell Allen, Data Studies Division,
National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; and S.-I. Akasofu, Geophys-
ical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, April 1976, 91 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

ISO-INTENSITY CONTOURS OF GROUND MAGNETIC H PERTURBATIONS FOR THE DECEMBER 16-18, 1971, GEOMAG~
NETIC STORM, Y. Kamide, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University
of Colorado, Boulder, CO, April 1976, 37 pp, $1.39.

MANUAL ON IONOSPHERIC ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS, edited by K. Rawer, Institut fur Physikalische
Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, June 1976, 302 pp, $4.27.



SUBROUTINE ATMRD (ATM, RABS,SCAT)

Opens and reads the 5 atmospheric model files.
The files contain absorption and scattering
coefficients as a function of altitude in the
range @ - 85 km.

C------ Non-standard Format Code (statement label): 245

DIMENSION RABS (33), SCAT(33)

INTEGER AIM
C------ open ATM file
CHEE

IF (ATM .EQ. 1) OPEN 1, "TROPIC", ERR = 200
IF (ATM .EQ. 2) OPEN 1, "MIDLATSUM", ERR
IF (ATM .EQ. 3) OPEN 1, "MIDLATWIN", ERR = 220
IF (ATM .EQ. 4) OPEN 1, "SUBARCSUM", ERR = 236
IF (ATM .EQ. 5) OPEN 1, "SUBARCWIN", ERR = 249

218

Cc read AIM file

DO 35 T= 1, 33

READ (1,245) RABS(I), SCAT(I)

35 CONTINUE
CH

CLOSE 1
CHEE REE REE

RETURN
200 WRITE (11,258)

STOP
210 WRITE (11,252)

STOP
220 WRITE (11,254)

STOP
230 WRITE (11,256)

STOP
240 WRITE (11,258)

STOP
245 FORMAT (2 (2X,1PE11.4))
258 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING TROPIC")
252 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING MIDLATSUM")
254 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING MIDLATWIN")
256 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING SUBARCSUM")
258 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING SUBARCWIN")

END

33



SUBROUTINE ATTEN (ATM,ALT,AER,DATSET,INTERP, OUT )

c- - ATTEN is called by ATTENCOEF and BUILDVEC. It calls INPT,ATMRD,
C-—---- AERRD,NEAR, and LINTERP. Does all writing to output files.

C------ Contains choice for user to start over and enter a new entry mode.
Canna Non-standard Format Code (statement label): 7100,7200,9149,9145,9146

Variables
data arrays
molecular data:
RABS: absorption
SCAT: scattering
aerosol:
AERABS: absorption
AERSCAR: scattering
logical
ATM2,AER2,HEIGHT: determine structural positions
in the program as well as whether informational text
has been printed; prevent unnecessary printing

real
ALT: user entered altitude
ABS1,ABS2,HT1,HT2,SCAT1,SCAT2: output
LINTERP: linear interpolation function
integer
AERSL: current aerosol model
NEAR: function, returns the index of ALT in HT, or the
index to the next closest value
OLDAIM: current atmospheric model
OUT: print option, multi-usage variable;
within ATTEN, its value may change:
= 1: return to driver, enter array mode
= 1l: return to driver with option for new entry mode
UNIT: current output unit #

DIMENSION HT(33), RABS(33), SCAT(33), ABRABS(33), ABRSCAT(33)

LOGICAL AER2, AIM2, INTERP, DATSET,HEIGHT,
$ ANSR,ERCHK

c ett
STATIC OLDATM,AERSL/~1/,HT,HEIGHT/. FALSE. /,ATM2/.TRUE./
CHEE
INTEGER OLDATM,ATM, AER, AERSL, OUT,;NEAR, ANS, UNIT
REAL ALT,HT1,HT2,ABS1,ABS2,SCAT1,SCAT2,LINTERP
C-----~ user finished?
IF (OUT .LT. 8) GOTO 1120
IF (HEIGHT) GOTO 19
C------ open/read height file
CHEE EEE
OPEN 1, "ATTENHT", ERR = 3
CREE EEE
GOTO 4
3 WRITE (11,5000)
STOP
4 po51=1, 33
READ (1,4669) HT(I)
5 CONTINUE
HEIGHT = .TRUE.
CH Ht
CLOSE 1
CHEE
19 IF (.NOP. DATSET) CALL INPT (DATSET,AIM2, AIM,ALT, AER)
IF (ATM.EQ.@) GOTO 1120
IF (OLDATM .NE. ATM) CALL ATMRD (AIM, RABS , SCAT)
IF (OLDATM .NE. ATM) GOTO 21
IF (OLDAIM .EQ. ATM) AIM2 = .PALSE.
GOTO 22
21 AIM2 = .TRUE.
22 OLDATM = AIM

34



SUBROUTINE ICEOPEN (TEMP )

C------ opens ice data file
INTEGER TEMP
CHEE HEH
IP (TEMP.EQ. -5) OPEN 1, "RFICEMNS9" ,ERR=1000
IF (TEMP.EQ. -30) OPEN 1, "RFICEMN30" ,ERR=2000
IF (TEMP.EQ. -10) OPEN 1, "RFICEMN1O" ,ERR=3000
IF (TEMP.EQ. @) OPEN 1, "RFICEM9" ,ERR=4600
CHR
RETURN
1908 WRITE (11,1001)
STOP
2600 = WRITE (11,2001)
STOP
3008 = WRITE (11,3001)
STOP
4900 WRITE (11,4961)
STOP
1001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFICEMNSS")
2001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFICEMN38")
3601 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFICEMNIO")
4001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFICEMG")
END
FUNCTION ICETEMP (T )
C------ Checks user-requested ice temperatures for validity

LOGICAL ICETEMP
INTEGER T

ICETEMP=.TRUE.

IF ((T.NE.-50) AND. (T.NE.—30) «AND. (T.NE.-10)
AND. (T.NE.@)) ICETEMP=,FALSE.

RETURN

END

49



File Name Range ‘Temp. Source/

Tape File #
3.2.7.4 Liquid H20
RECXH201 5.46E-7 - 2.53B-5 18-200C guev et al. (1974)/ 153
RECKH202 2E-7 - 28-4 25°C Hale & Querry (1973)/ 154
RECKH203 2B-6 - 1-3 2PC Downing & Williams (1975)/ 155
RECXH204 9.6E-6 ~ 1.05E-5 24°C Jennings (1981)/ 156
RECXH205 28-7 - 28-4 ---- Irvine & Pollack (1968)/157
RECXH206 2E-6 - 28-5 300 K Querry et al. (1977)/ 158
RECXH207 ” " "/ 159
RFCXH208 " ” "/ 160
RECXH209 " " "/ 16L
RECXH2010 " " "/ 162
RECXH2011 " " "7 163
** REH2OMNS 6, 25-3 - 3, 21E-2 -8°C Lane & Saxton (1952)/ 208
** RFH2OMD 5E-3 - 1E-1 ec Ryde & Ryde (1945);
Lane & Saxton (1952);
Collie et al. (1948);
Deirmendjian (1963)/ 209
** RPH2OM19 = 18-3 - 1E-1 wc "/ 218
** RFH2OM18 = SE~3 - 1E-1 18°C Ryde & Ryde (1945)/ 211
** RFHZOM20 ” 2a Ryde & Ryde (1945);
Lane & Saxton (1952);
Collie et al. (1948)/ 212
** REH2OM30 " 30°C "/ 213
** REHZOM4G " 4 C "7 214
** RPH2OM59 = 6, 2E-3 - 1B-1 50°C Lane & Saxton (1952);
Collie et al. (1948)/ 215
** RFH2OM69 =—-1.27E-2 - 1B-1 6ec Collie et al. (1948)/ 216
** REH2OM75 " TSC "/ 217

3.2.8 Relative Reflectance: Ice, H20

Entry Key: sequence #, wavelength (m), relative reflectance
Format: [15,2(2X,1PE13.6) ]

File Name Range ‘Temp. Source/
Tape File #

RRXH201 - 6 2E-6 ~ 28-5 —_ Querry et al.
(1977)/
165 - 170
RRXICEL 28-6 - 3.3E-5 -PC Schaaf &
Williams
(1973)/ 164

4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS [THANKS, 6]

Much gratitude is owed to Margot Ackley for her professional aid in giving the project a firm
basis and a good start. Without a succession of devoted students, Kris Yoshida, Karen Umemoto, and
Denise Nagode, the effort would have foundered. ‘he editing talents of Lindsay Murdock of NOAA and Helen
Coffey of NESDIS contributed to a grammatically intact publication. Above all, hard and intelligent work
by Suchi Psarakos brought the project to a conclusion. Much of the compilation was made while the author
was in Wave Propagation Laboratory, ERL/NOAA, Boulder, Colorado. A great deal of the data was collected
at the Air Force Geophysical Laboratory, Hanscom Field, Massachusetts, by many researchers, too numerous
to mention.

22



SUBROUTINE KEY (OUT )
C--—-— Prints a variable key for output
Parameter list

input - integer
OUT: print entry option

INTEGER UNIT,OUT

IF ((OUT.EQ.@) .OR. (OUT.EQ.2)) GOTO 10
Goro 15

1 UNIT =11
GOTO 20
15 UNIT = 2
20 WRITE (UNIT, 190)

IF ((OUT.EQ. 2) .-AND. (UNIT.EQ.11)) GOTO 15
RETURN

108 FORMAT (11X,"LAM (m)",14X,"N",14X,"K",3X,"S(N)",
$ 3X,"S(K)"/)
END

FUNCTION LINTERP (DAT1,DAT2,RES1,RES2,X )

2 point linear interpolation

DAT and RES correspond to 'data' and 'result',i and
constitute an ordered pair. X is the known value for
which a Y is needed. LINTERP determines Y by linear
interpolation.

REAL DAT],DAT2,RES1,RES2,X,LINTERP,Y

Y = ((X - DAT1) * (RES2 - RES1)/(DAT2 - DAT1)) + RES]
LINTERP = Y

RETURN
END

52



UAG-58

UAG-59

UAG-60

UAG-61

UAG-62

UAG-63

UAG-64

UAG-65

UAG-66

UAG-67

UAG-68

UAG-69

UAG-70

UAG-71

UAG-72

UAG-73

UAG-74

UAG-75

UAG SERIES OF REPORTS (Continued)

ATS6 RADIO BEACON ELECTRON CONTENT MEASUREMENTS AT BOULDER, JULY 1974 - MAY 1975, by R.B. Fritz,
NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO, September 1976, 61 pp

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11) FOR 1974, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl Cc.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, December 1976, 144 pp, $2.16.

GEOMAGNETIC DATA FOR JANUARY 1976 [AE(7) INDICES AND STACKED MAGNETOGRAMS], by Joe Haskell Al-
Jen, Cari C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Cen-
ter, Boulder, CO, July 1977, 57 pp.

COLLECTED DATA REPORTS FOR STIP INTERVAL II 20 MARCH - 5 MAY 1976, edited by Helen E. Coffey and
John A. McKinnon, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, CO, August 1977,
313 pp, $2.95.

GEOMAGNETIC DATA FOR FEBRUARY 1976 [AE(7) INDICES AND STACKED MAGNETOGRAMS], by Joe Haskell Al-
len, Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Cen-
ter, Boulder, CO, September 1977, 55 pp

GEOMAGNETIC DATA FOR MARCH 1976 [AE(7) INDICES AND STACKED MAGNETOGRAMS], by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Boulder, CO, September 1977, 57 pp.

GEOMAGNETIC DATA FOR APRIL 1976 [AE(8) INDICES AND STACKED MAGNETOGRAMS}, by Joe Haskell Allen,
Carl C. Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center,
Boulder, CO, February 1978, 55 pp.

THE INFORMATION EXPLOSION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR DATA ACQUISITION, DOCUMENTATION, PROCESSING,
by G.K. Hartmann, Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, Lindau, GFR, May 1978, 36 pp

SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 3.3 MM 1970-1973, by Earle B. Mayfield and Fred I. Shimabuku-
ro, Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA, May 1978, 30 pp.

IONOSPHERIC D-REGION PROFILE DATA BASE, A COLLECTION OF COMPUTER-ACCESSIBLE EXPERIMENTAL PRO-
FILES OF THE D AND LOWER E REGIONS, by L.F. McNamara, Ionospheric Prediction Service, Sydney,
Australia, August 1978, 30 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METHODS OF ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILE ANALYSIS, by L.F. McNamara, Iono-
spheric Prediction Service, Sydney, Australia, August 1978, 30 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

SELECTED DISTURBED D-REGION ELECTRON DENSITY PROFILES. THEIR RELATION TO THE UNDISTURBED D RE-
GION, by L.F. McNamara, Ionospheric Prediction Service, Sydney, Australia, October 1978, 50 pp,
$1.50 (microfice only).

ANNOTATED ATLAS OF H-ALPHA SYNOPTIC CHARTS FOR SOLAR CYCLE 20 (1964-1974) CARRINGTON SOLAR RO-
TATIONS 1487-1616, by Patrick S. McIntosh, NOAA Space Environment. Laboratory, Boulder, CO, Feb-
ruary 1979, 327 pp, $3.50.

MAGNETIC POTENTIAL PLOTS OVER THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE FOR 26-28 MARCH 1976, A.D. Richmond, NOAA
Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CQ; H.W. Kroehl, National Geophysical and Solar-Terres-

trial Data Center, Boulder, CO; M.A. Henning, Lockheed Missils and Space Co., Auror, CO; and Y.
Kamide, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan, April 1979, 118 pp, $1.50.

ENERGY RELEASE IN SOLAR FLARES, PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON ENERGY RELEASE IN FLARES, 26 FEB-
RUARY - 1 MARCH 1979, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A., edited by David M. Rust, American Sci-
ence and Engineering, Inc., Cambridge, MA; and A. Gordon Emslie, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, July 1979, 68 pp, $1.50 (microfiche only).

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11-12) FOR JANUARY - JUNE 1975, by Joe Haskell
Allen, Carl C. Abston, J.E. Salazar and J.A. McKinnon, National Geophysical and Solar-Terres-
trial Data Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO, August 1979, 114 pp, $1.75 (microfiche only).

ATS~6 RADIO BEACON ELECTRON CONTENT MEASUREMENTS AT OOTACAMUND, INDIA, OCTOBER - JULY 1976,

by S.D. Bouwer, K. Davies, R.F. Donnelly, R.N. Grubb, J.£. Jones and J.H. Taylor, NOAA Space
Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO; and R.G. Rastogi, M.R. Deshpande, H. Chandra and G. Sethia,
Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India, March 1980, 58 pp, $2.50.

THE ALASKA IMS MERIDIAN CHAIN: MAGNETIC VARIATIONS FOR 9 MARCH - 27 APRIL 1978, by H.W. Kroeh1
and G.P. Kosinski, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; S.-I.

Akasofu, G.J. Romick, C.£. Campbell and G.K. Corrick, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK; and

ro Hornback and A.M. Gray, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory, Boulder, CO, June 1980, 107 pp,
3.00.



DESCRIPTION OF WORLD DATA CENTERS

World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations in accordance with the principles set forth
by the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). They were established in 1957 by the International Geophysical Year
Committee (CSAGI) as part of the fundamental international planning for the IGY program to collect data from the numerous
and widespread IGY observational programs and to make such data readily accessible to interested scientists and scholars
for an indefinite period of time. WDC-A was established in the U.S.A.; WDC-B in the U.S.S.R.; and WDC-C in Western Europe,
Australia, and Japan. This new system for exchanging geophysical data was found to be very effective, and the operations
of the World Data Centers were extended by ICSU on a continuing basis to other international programs; the WDC's were under
the supervision of the Comite International de Geophysique (CIG) for the period 1960 to 1967 and are now supervised by the
ICSU Panel on World Data Centres.

The current plans for continued international exchange of geophysical data through the World Data Centers are set forth
in the Fourth Consolidated Guide to International Data Exchange through the World Data Centres, issued by the ICSU Panel
on World Data Centres. These plans are broadly similar to those adopted under ICSU auspices for the IGY and subsequent
international programs.

Functions and Responsibilities of WDC’s

The World Data Centers collect data and publications for the following disciplines: Meteorology; Oceanography; Rockets
and Satellites; Solar7errestrial Physics disciplines (Solar and Interplanetary Phenomena, lonospheric Phenomena, Flare-
Associated Events, Geomagnetic Phenomena, Aurora, Cosmic Rays, Airglow); Solid Earth Geophysics disciplines (Seismology,
Tsunamis, Gravimetry, Earth Tides, Recent Movements of the Earth’s Crust, Rotation of the Earth, Magnetic Measurements,
Paleomagnetism and Archemagnetism, Volcanology, Geothermics), and Marine Geology and Geophysics. In planning for the
various scientific programs, decisions on data exchange were made by the scientific community through the international
scientific unions and committees. In each discipline, the specialists themselves determined the nature and form of data ex-
change, based on their needs as research workers. Thus, the type and amount of data in the WDC's differ from discipline to
discipline.

The objects of establishing several World Data Centers for collecting observational data were: (1) to insure against loss
of data by the catastrophic destruction of a single center, (2) to meet the geographical convenience of, and provide easy com-
munication for workers in different parts of the world. Each WDC is responsible for: (1) endeavoring to collect a complete set
of data in the field or discipline for which it is responsible, (2) safe-keeping of the incoming data, (3) correct copying and reproduc-
tion of data, maintaining adequate standards of clarity and durability, (4) supplying copies to other WDC's of data not received
directly, (5) preparation of catalogs of all data in its charge, and (6) making data in the WDC's available to the scientific com-
munity. The WDC's conduct their operation at no expense to ICSU or to the ICSU family of unions and committees.

World Data Center A

World Data Center A, for which the National Academy of Sciences through the Geophysics Research Board and its Com-
mittee on Data Interchange and Data Centers has overall responsibility, consists of the WDC-A Coordination Office and seven
subcenters at scientific institutions in various parts of the United States. The GRB periodically reviews the activities of WDC-
A and has conducted several studies on the effectiveness of the WDC system. As a result of these reviews and studies, some
of the subcenters of WDC-A have been relocated so that they could more effectively serve the scientific community. The addresses
of the WDC-A subcenters and Coordination Office are given inside the front cover.

The data received by WDC-A have been made available to the scientific community in various ways: (1) reports containing
data and results of experiments have been compiled, published, and widely distributed; (2) synoptic-type data on cards, microfilm,
or tables are available for use at the subcenters and for loan to scientists; (3) copies of data and reports are provided upon request.

ii

seceenenemmemeneermn emer



APPENDIX D: FORTRAN Code for Program Micro (and Related Subroutines): Ice and Water Refractive Indices

in the Microwave Region [APPENDIXD, 219]

CARE HHH HHH a

Program MICRO gives the refractive indices for ice
and water in the microwave region.

The following list describes all non-standard FORTRAN
characteristics in the Handbook programs. For easy access,
their occurrences within the routines are marked by a "C"
in column one, followed by a series of signs: '+'. Format
statements in which non-standard format codes appear are
listed in the comment section, ‘Non-standard Format Codes'.

General Suggestions for Improvement: Due to the need to
standardize the programs, it was necessary to format inter-
active input. This often presents awkward restrictions for
the user. It is advised that, if available, free-formatted reads
be implemented to handle numerical input. In addition, the
use of one standard output filename for all program runs is
impractical and potentially hazardous. Although the 'A'
attribute will provide protection against overwriting on.
some systems, it is only meant as a temporary alternative.
It is advisable that something such as string formatting
be used to allow character input, in particular, for the
interactive naming of output files.

Additionally, individual users should implement precautions
against careless user inputting, such as illegal characters. The
program contains only minor precautions, The user should beware
that some systems accept entry of a carriage return or a
mathematical sign character (+,-) or decimal as if a zero had
been entered.

Non-standard FORTRAN options:

STATIC: The STATIC option places all non-COMMON variables and
arrays in a fixed area in memory, rather than on the run-time
stack. It initializes all static variables to zero at load time,
unless you data~initialize them. You may retrieve the values of
static variables within a subprogram upon re-entry to the
subprogram for the second and subsequent times.

OPEN, CLOSE, and REWIND: Although the purpose of these
input/output statements is obvious, their implementation

may differ from system to system. The 'OPEN' statement used
with the 'ATT=A' option specifies that appending is to be
performed onto the file associated the the channel opened.
This protects against overwriting the previous contents of the
file, if any existed. REWIND repositions the record pointer to
the beginning of the specified file.

‘P' and 'Z' format code: The scale factor 'P' changes the
location of the decimal point in the external representation
of a real number, with respect to its internal value. The
format is 'nP', where 'n' is an integer constant that specifies
the number of positions you want to move the decimal point to
C------ the right. 'Z' format code suppresses the newline character
C----- on output of the current record. It is represented internally,
and as it is used to build many of the Handbook output files,
its presence should be considered if any of these files are
edited.

C------ Non-Standard Format Codes (statement numbers): 96
Cc

41



14
15

355

$
$

a

400
461
402

410
415
420

425
430
435

448
445
450

nn

non

SUBROUTINE INPT (DATSET,ATM2, ATM,ALT,AER)

INPI is called by BUILDVEC to check for user input error,

and by ATTEN to obtain the ATM, ALT, and AER from the user
when the program is in single entry mode.

Note that when INPT is called from within BUILDVEC, 'ATIM,ALT,
AER' are input variables; when called from within ATTEN, these
variables are output variables.

LOGICAL ATM2,DATSET
INTEGER ATM, AER
REAL ALT

IF (DATSET) GOTO 15
IF (.NOT. ATM2) GOTO 358

WRITE (11, 426)

input atmospheric type

WRITE (11, 425)

READ (11, 410, ERR=26) AIM

IF ((ATM .NE. 1).AND. (ATM .NE. 2)
.AND. (ATM .NE. 3).AND. (ATM .NE. 4)
.AND. (ATM .NE. 5)) GOTO 26

GOTO 30

WRITE (11, 438)
GOTO 14

IF (DATSET) GOTO 352

input altitude

WRITE (11, 435)

READ (11, 415, ERR = 355) ALT

IF ((ALT .GT. 85.) .OR. (ALT .LP. 0.0)) GOTO 355
IF (DATSET) GOTO 402

GOTO 498

WRITE (11, 440)

GOTO 351

input aerosol
WRITE (11, 445)

READ (11, 410,BRR=490) AER

IF ((AER .NE, @).AND. (AER .NE, 1)) GOTO 403

RETURN

WRITE (11, 459)
GOTO 491

FORMAT (I1)
FORMAT (F5.2)
FORMAT (/"ATMOSPHERIC MODELS ARE:"/7X,"1 - TROPICAL"/7X,
"2 - MIDLATITUDE SUMMER"/7X,"3 - MIDLATITUDE WINTER"/7X,
"4 ~ SUBARCTIC SUMMER"/7X,"5 — SUBARCTIC WINTER"//)
FORMAT (/"ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE ATMOSPHERE YOU WOULD LIKE")
FORMAT (/"RE-ENTER ATMOSPHERIC MODEL")
FORMAT (/"ENTER ALTITUDE IN km (8.0 ~ 85.0)"/7X,
"AN ALTITUDE OTHER THAN ZERO THAT IS A WHOLE NUMBER"/7X,
"MUST BE ENTERED WITH A DECIMAL, E.G. '12' WOULD BE"/7X,
"ENTERED AS '12.0'")
FORMAT (/"RE-ENTER ALTITUDE (9.0 TO 85.0)")
FORMAT (/"AEROSOL: CLEAR (0) OR HAZY (1)? ENTER 9 OR 1")
FORMAT (/"RE-ENTER AEROSOL: CLEAR (8) OR HAZY (1)?")
END

39



NOTE: The Kingslake article contained only the data for glasses 1 through 11. ‘The remainder of
the Kingslake-Conrady data was reprinted by Herzberger (1942), where we obtained it. Note that Dr.
Herzberger found some minor errors in the far red and near infrared region of the spectrum. ‘hese errors
resulted from Kingslake's use of some early and slightly inaccurate data on the temperature coefficient
of the refractive index of rock salt in calibrating the wavelength scale of his refractometer.

2.7.1.11.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1.91E-6 to 1,1§-5 meters)
RFXGLASS18, RFXGLASS19

See 2.7.1.18.2: "Germanium": RFXGERM5.

2.7.1.11.3
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (5.77E-7 to 1.19E-5 meters)
REXGLASS20

Rodney et al. (1958) determined the real refractive indices of an arsenic trisulfide prism with
refracting angle of 25 degrees in the wavelength range 5.77E-7 to 1.19E-5 meters, ‘The sample was
measured at temperatures near 19, 25, and 31 degrees C. ‘he averaged thermal coefficients of the refrac~
tive index were used to reduce all data to 25 degrees C.

2.7.1.11.4

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4.8E-7 to 6.9E-7 meters)
RFCKGLASS1

The data represent the refractive indices for Corning Glass code 0080/0081. glass in the wave-
length range 4.8B-7 to 6.9E-7, as taken from correspondence with Herbert Hoover of Corning Glass Works in
Corning, New York. Hoover suggests the best guess for the real refractive index at 6.943E-7 meters is
1.505 4/- 0.003. ‘he large uncertainty allows for the fact that normal variations in manufacturing are
occasionally this large. In case the index must be known closer than 0.601, consideration must be given
the state of annealing, because rapidly cooled glass has a lower index than well-annealed glass.

Hoover estimates an absorption coefficient for code 9989 glass (having about 9.04% total iron) of
G.14 cml in determining refractive indices. He proposes this as a safe upper bound. It should be noted
that a substantially clear glass with dissolved-iron as a colorant has a smaller spectral absorption
coefficient near the middle of the wavelength range (5.5E-7 to 6E-7). Hoover advises if for your use you
cannot assume a constant absorption coefficient over the 4.8E-7 to 6.943E-7 meter range, you can make a
second approximation by assuming equal values at each end and a value one-half as large at 5.75E-7, and
interpolating on a smooth curve through the three points for other values. Since we used the figures
derived from an absorption coefficient of 9.14 cm“ for 6.943E-7, all of the other estimates represent
upper bounds.

2.7.1.12 Graphite

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2.5E-7 to 6E-6 meters)
RECXGRAPH

See 2.7.1.6:

"Calcite".

2.7.1.13 Gypsum

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 6E-6 meters)
RECXGYPS

See 2.7.1.

: "Calcite".

2.7.1.14 KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate)

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 25-6 meters)
RFXKDPO, RFXKDPE

See 2.7.1.1: "ADP".

2.7.1.15 Mascagnite

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 2E-6 meters)
RECXMASCAG

See 2.7.1.6: "Calcite".



SUBROUTINE INTVEC (H20, LEN, VEC)

Creates a user-entered integer array; max. length
59. Input session is terminated upon entry of a

t99',

Note: ‘The program stops if there is not at least one

value entered into the array.

C------ Non-standard Format Code (statement number): 1199, 1260

Parameter list
Input - logical
H20: specifies which substance is being used
Input/Output - integer
LEN: length of the array
Output - integer
VEC: integer array

INTEGER VEC (5)
INTEGER LEN
LOGICAL H20

C----- entry procedure

WRITE (11,1900)

build vector

DO 15 I=1,50

WRITE (11,1209)
7) IP (H20) READ (11, 9@G, BRR=11) VEC(I)
IF (.NOT.H20) READ (11, 920, ERR=11) VEC(Z)
IF ((VEC(I) .EQ.99) .OR. (VEC (I) .BQ.999)) GOTO 20

GOTO 15
ll WRITE (11,1100)
GoTo 16

15 CONTINUE

GOTO 21
cC—---— check array length for error; return
20 IF (1,BQ.1) GOTO 22

LEN = I-1

RETURN
21 LEN=I

RETURN
22 WRITE (11,1360)

LEN=-1

RETURN
990 FORMAT (12)

926 FORMAT (13)
1690 FORMAT ("ENTER EACH VALUE IN CORRECT UNIT, WAIT FOR"/

$ "PROMPT ':', THEN CONTINUE. TYPE '99' WHEN FINISHED."/)
1106 FORMAT ("INCORRECT ENTRY. PLEASE RE-ENTER"/":",Z)

1209 FORMAT (":",2)
1300 FORMAT ("ERROR: YOU MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE VALUE"/
$ "IN THIS ARRAY. PROGRAM TERMINATED.")
END

51



SUBROUTINE VECTOR ( LEN, VEC)

Creates a user-entered array of exponents; max. length = 58.
Input session is terminated upon entry of '-l'.

Note: the program stops if there is not at least one
value entered into the array.

Non-standard Format Code (statement label): 1108, 1206

Parameter list
input/output - integer
LEN: length of array
output - real
VEC: real array

DIMENSION VEC (58)
INTEGER LEN

c——— entry procedure
WRITE (11, 958)
WRITE (11,1006)

Co build vector
DO 15 1=1,58
WRITE (11,1200)
lo READ (11, 908, ERR= 11) VEC(I)
IP (VBC(I).LT.0) GOO 26
GOTO 15
ll WRITE (11,1100)
GOTO 16
15 CONTINUE
GOTO 21
C—---- check array length for error; return
20 IF (I.BQ.1) GOTO 22
LEN = I-1
RETURN
21 LEN=1
RETURN
22 WRITE (11,1300)
LEN=-1
RETURN

900 FORMAT (E7.2)
950 FORMAT ("USE EXPONENTIAL NOTATION OF THE FORM 'digit'E'exponent'"/
$ “WHERE THE ENTIRE EXPRESSION CCCUPIES 7 SPACES"/)
1000 FORMAT ("ENTER EACH VALUE IN CORRECT UNIT, WAIT FOR"/
$ "PROMPT ':', THEN CONTINUE. TYPE '-1' WHEN FINISHED."/)
1108 FORMAT ("" "2"42)
1200 FORMAT (
1360 FORMAT ("ERROR: YOU MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE VALUE"/
$ “THIS ARRAY. PROGRAM TERMINATED")
END

NCORRECT ENTRY. PLEASE RE-ENT!

57



2.7.1.18.6
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1E-7 to 1.65E-7 meters)
RFCXQUA3, RFCXQUA4

Lamy (1977) gave the near-normal incidence reflectance measurements (complex) of crystal and
fused quartz (ordinary ray) in the 18-7 to 1.65E-7 meter wavelength interval.

2.7.1.19 Salt

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 1£-4 meters)
RECXSALT

See 2.7.1.3.2: "Ammonium Sulphate": RFCXAMSP4,

2.7.1.26 Sapphire

2.7.1.20.1
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2.54E-7 to 6.91E-7 meters)
REXSAPPH1O, RFXSAPPHIE

Jeppeson (1958) measured the ordinary and extraordinary real refractive indices for synthetic
sapphire at 24 degrees C in the wavelength range 2.54E-7 to 6.91E-7 meters. He reports that between 4E-7
and 6.9E-7 meters the measurements are good to about four parts in the fifth decimal place. ‘this error
increases towards the violet.

2.7.1.20.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2.65E-7 to 5,58E-6 meters)
REXSAPPH2

Malitson (1962) measured the real refractive index of a synthetic sapphire prism, with reflecting
angle near 49 degrees, at 46 wavelengths from 2.65E-7 to 5.58E-6 meters at controlled room temperatures
near 24 degrees C.

2.7.1.26.3

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (RFXSAPPH3: 2.65E-7 to 4.25E-6, RFXSAPPH4 - 6: 4.@5B-7 to
7.07E-7 meters)
RFXSAPPH3 to RFXSAPPH6

Malitson et al. (1958) collected data on the real refractive indices of a synthetic sapphire
prism, for the ordinary ray. The indices in the ultraviolet and infrared (2.65E-7 to 4,26E-6 meters)

were measured at controlled room temperatures near 19 and 24 degrees C. In the visible region (4.@5E-7
to 7.@7E-7 meters) measurements were made at three temperatures near 17, 24, and 31 degrees C.

2.7.1.20.4
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 6E-6 meters)
RECXSAPPHL
See 2.7.1.6: "Calcite".
2.7.1.26.5
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (RFCXSAPPH20: 2E-7 to 3.3E-4, RFCXSAPPH2E: 9E-6 to 3.3E-4
meters)
RECXSAPPH20, RFCXSAPPH2E

See 2.7.1.3.2: "Ammonium Sulphate": RFCXAMSP4.

2.7.1.21 Silica

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (3,.65E-7 to 1.53E-6 meters)
RFXSILICA

See 2.7.1.1: "ADP".

2.7.1.22 Silicon

2.7.1.22.1
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2.55E-6 to 1.93E-5 meters)
RFXSILIC1] to RFXSILIC4
See 2.7.1.10.1: "Germanium": RFXGERM1.

il



WORLD DATA CENTER A

for

Meteorology

and
ey WORLD DATA CENTER A

for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics |
REPORT UAG89
ATMOSPHERIC HANDBOOK

Atmospheric Data Tables
Available on Computer Tape

|
|
|
|
|
'
|

by
V.E. Derr

NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories
325 Broadway

Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA iy,

July 1984

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE, DATA. AND INFORMATION SERVICE
Boulder, Colorado, USA 80303



SUBROUTINE AERRD (AER, AERABS ,AERSCAT)

c Opens and reads one of the two aerosol files.
C----— he files contain absorption and scattering
coefficients for aerosols as a function of altitude
in the range  - 85 km.

C------ Non-standard Format Code (statement labels): 263
DIMENSION AERABS (33), AERSCAT(33)
INTEGER AER

C------ open AER

CHEER EERE

IF (AER .EQ. 6) OPEN 9, “ABRXCLR", ERR = 250
IF (AER .EQ. 1) OPEN 9, "AERXHAZ", ERR = 260
CHEE EEE EHH

C------ read AER
po 6@ T= 1, 33
READ (@,263) AERABS(I), AERSCAT(I)

60 CONTINUE

CHEE
CLOSE

CHEE EE
RETURN

258 WRITE (11, 261)
STOP

266 WRITE (11, 262)
STOP

261 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING AERXCLR")
262 FORMAT (/"ERROR OPENING AERKHAZ")
263 FORMAT (2 (2X,1PE11.4))

END

32



3.2.4: Solar Spectral Irradiance
Entry Key: sequence #, wavelength (m), solar spectral irradiance (watts m2 m7)

Format: [15,2(2X,1PE11.4)]

File Name Range ‘Temp. Source/
Tape File #
FLUXL 1,2E-7 - 1B-4 Thekaekara (1972)/ 35

FLUX2 2.5E-16 - 1.95E-2 Smith & Gottlieb (1974)/ 36

3.2.5: Sky Spectral Radiance

Entry Key: sequence #, wavelength (m), spectral radiance (watts m2 m7)
NOTE: This quantity is spectral radiance density: watts per square meter, per meter of wavelength.

Format: (15,2(2X,1PE11.4)]

Pile Name Range ‘Temp. Source/
Tape File +

SKYBACSL - 3.1E-7 - 7,2E-7
SKYBACIO "

Clark (1969) /37
"/ 38

3.2.6: Rayleigh Coefficients: Air

Entry Key: MASSXSCAT - sequence #, wavelength (m), mass scattering coefficient (m2 yh)
: VOLXSCAT ~ sequence #, wavelength (m), volume scattering coefficient (m>1)
: RAYXSCATCROSS - sequence #, wavelength (m), scattering cross section (m2)

Format : [15,2(2X,1PE1@.4)]

File Name Range Source/

Tape File #
MASSXSCAT 28-7 - 28-5 arc Penndorf (1957) /39
VOLXSCAT " " "/ 49
RAYXSCATCROSS " " "/ Al

3.2.7 Refractive Indices: Aerosols, Air, Ice, Liquid H20 (in alphabetic order)

NOTE: The file name prefixes "RF", "RFI", and "RFC" refer to real, imaginary, and complex refractive
index files, respectively, with the exception of the microwave files used by program MICRO, which contain
complex data. Aerosol files are divided into these three data types, and then listed alphabetically
within these categories.

File names preceded by "**" indicate they are the microwave refractive index files, used in
program MICRO; these asterisks are not part of the file name.

RF+ files: sequence #, wavelength (m), wavenumber (cm71), real refractive index

RFI+ files: sequence #, wavelength (m), wavenumber (cm71), imaginary refractive index

RFC+ files: sequence #, wavelength (m), wavenumber (cm71), real refractive index, imaginary
refractive index

MICRO files: sequence #, wavelength (m), real refractive index, imaginary refractive
index, source (real index), source (imaginary index)

Entry Ke

Format: RF and RFI files: [I5,3(2X,1PE13.6)]
: REC files: [15,4(2X,1PE13.6)]
: Microwave files: [15,3(2X,1PE13.6) ,2(5X,A2)]

28



GLACIOLOGY (Snow and Ice)

World Data Center A: Glaciology
(Snow and Ice)

Cooperative Inst. for Research in
Environmental Sciences

University of Colorado

Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA

Telephone: (303) 492-5171

MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
(Gravity, Magnetics, Bathymetry,
Seismic Profiles, Marine Sediment,
and Rock Analyses):

World Data Center A for Marine
Geology and Geophysics

NOAA, E/GC3

325 Broadway

Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA

Telephone: (303) 497-6487

METEOROLOGY (and Nuclear Radiation)
World Data Center A: Meteorology
National Climatic Data Center

NOAA, E/CC.

Federal Building

Asheville, North Carolina 28801 USA
Telephone: (704) 259-0682

OCEANOGRAPHY
World Data Center A: Oceanography
National Oceanographic Data Center
NOAA, E/OC
2001 Wisconsin Avenue, NW
Page Bldg. 1, Rm. 414
Washington, D.C. 20235 USA
- Telephone: (202) 634-7510

WORLD DATA CENTER A
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW

Washington, D.C. 20418 USA

World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office
and the following eight Subcenters:

COORDINATION OFFICE
World Data Center A
National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20418 USA
[Telephone: (202) 334-3359]

ROCKETS AND SATELLITES

World Data Center A: Rockets and
Satellites

Goddard Space Flight Center

Code 601

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA

Telephone: (301) 344-6695

ROTATION OF THE EARTH

World Data Center A: Rotation
of the Earth

U.S. Naval Observatory

Washington, D.C. 20390 USA

Telephone: (202) 254-4547

SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS (Solar and
Interplanetary Phenomena, lonospheric
Phenomena, Flare-Associated Events,
Geomagnetic Variations, Aurora,

Cosmic Rays, Airglow):

World Data Center A

for SolarTerrestrial Physics
NOAA, E/GC2
325 Broadway
Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA
Telephone: (303) 497-6323

SOLID-EARTH GEOPHYSICS (Seismology,
Tsunamis, Gravimetry, Earth Tides,
Recent Movements of the Earth's

Crust, Magnetic Measurements,
Paleomagnetism and Archeomagnetism,
Volcanology, Geothermics):

World Data Center A

for Solid-Earth Geophysics
NOAA, E/GC1
325 Broadway
Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA
Telephone: (303) 497-6521

|

World Data Centers conduct international exchange of geophysical observations in accordance with the principles set forth
by the International Council of Scientific Unions. WDC-A is established in the United States under the auspices of the National
Academy of Sciences. Communications regarding data interchange matters in general and World Data Center A as a whole
should be addressed to World Data Center A, Coordination Office (see address above). Inquiries and communications concern-
ing data in specific disciplines should be addressed to the appropriate subcenter listed above.


C------ begin DO
DO 72 I=1,TEMPLEN

‘TEMP=TEM (I)
GOTO 47
C------ single entry mode
40 DATSET=. FALSE.
C—----- enter temperature
41 WRITE (11,159)

IF (ICE) GOTO 43
WRITE (11, 175)
WRITE (11, 1000)

42 READ (11, 96, ERR=46) TEMP
CHK=H2OTEMP (TEMP )
GOTO 45

43 WRITE (11, 209)
WRITE (11, 1990)

44 READ (11, 97, ERR=46) TEMP
CHK=ICETEMP (TEMP )

45 IF (.NOP.CHK) GOTO 46
GOTO 47

46 WRITE (11,1001)
IF (820) GOTO 42
GOTO 44

47 IF (ICE) CALL ICEOPEN (TEMP )

IF (H20) CALL H2OPEN (TEMP )
CALL SUBHDR (-OUT,TEMP,ICE )
CALL KEY (8 )

CALL RD (11, MICFIL)

C------ save values?
IF (OUT.EQ.0) GOTO 50
WRITE (11,1160)
WRITE (11,125)
CALL READANS (ANS )
IF (ANS.EQ.0) GOTO 56
CALL SUBHDR (1,TEMP,ICE )
CALL KEY (1 )
CALL RD (2, MICFIL)
WRITE (2,999)

C------ interpolation?
50 WRITE (11,1209)
WRITE (11,125)
CALL READANS (ANS )
IF (ANS.EQ.1) GOIO 68
CH HE
CLOSE 1
CH tt
IF (DATSET) GOTO 70
GOTO 69

—- yes; create wavelength array,prepare data
array, interpolate
IF (ANS.EQ.1) WRITE (11,1360)
CALL VECTOR ( LAMLEN, LAM)
IF (LAMLEN.LT.@) GOTO 89
CALL DAT ( DATVEC,DATREAL,DATIMAG , DATSIZ)
CALL INTERP (LAM, LAMLEN, DATVEC, DATREAL , DATIMAG,
$ DATSIZ, RFREAL, IMAG)
CALL SUBEDR (OUT,TEMP,ICE )
CALL KEY (OUT )
CALL RFPRINT (LAM,LAMLEN,RFREAL,IMAG,OUT )
IF (OUT.EQ.1 WRITE (11,258)
IF (DATSET) GOTO 78

another temp?

WRITE (11,1490)
WRITE (11,125)

CALL READANS (ANS )
IF (ANS.EQ.@) GOTO 74
GOTO 41

~ end DO

WRITE (11,999)
CONTINUE

44



APPENDIX B: Computer Tape File Descriptions [FILEXDESCRIP, 9]

This section briefly describes the contents of single or groups of files on the Atmospheric
Handbook computer tape, as listed in APPENDIX A, tape file 6, "LISTFILEO".

Tape
File
Number Description

"LISTPILEO" - List of all data files on Atmospheric Handbook tape and corresponding tape file
number. Each file corresponds to a singular data file. Sections of files are grouped according to
atmospheric area. (NOTE: When printed as a bound document, file 9 should not be considered part
of the text, and should therefore not be printed. File @ exists solely as an aid for someone
using the Atmospheric Handbook in tape format, to enable easy initial identification of the tape
and its contents.)

i: "INTRO" - Introduction to the evolution, present aims, and future prospects of the Atmospheric

Handbook .

"CONTENTS" - Table of contents of the Atmospheric Handbook.

"DATAXDESCRIP" ~ A brief description of each atmospheric area covered by the Handbook data files:

definition of data file variables, ranges, and units, listing of file names, and description of

data source.

"GUIDE" - General user notes and technical information needed to access/understand the computer

tape, data files, and computer programs: Introduction to Tape Organization, Data File Structure,

Deciphering File Names, Unit Notation, Significant Figures, Computer Programs: ATTENCOEF and

MICRO, Data Retrieval Example, Data File Examples.

5: "FORMATS" - Technical information on each data file in tabular form: data file variable defini-
tions, units, and ranges, FORTRAN format statements used to create the file(s), temperature,
source, and computer tape file number.

"THANKS" - Acknowledgments.

"REF" - A list of all references cited in file 3.

“LISTFILEO" - See file @.

“FILEXDESCRIP" - Brief description of files listed in file 0.
Attenuation Coefficients, Hj0

16: Standard Atmospheres

17-34: Cloud Drop Size Distributions

35-36: Solar Spectral Irradiance

37-38: Sky Spectral Radiance

39-41: Rayleigh Air Coefficients

42-144: Refractive Indices, Aerosols

145-149:Refractive Indices, Air

159-152:Refractive Indices, Ice (does not include microwave files). See also files 221-225.

153-163:Refractive Indices, Liquid H0 (does not include microwave files)
164-170:Relative Reflectance: Ice, H70
171-187:Attenuation Coefficients, Atmospheric; Program ATTENCOEF
188-217:Select Refractive Indices for H70 and Ice, microwave; Program MICRO. (Note that file 178 is used by both
ATTENCOEF and MICRO and thus should be loaded with both file sets). Additional microwave ice
refractive index data, located in files 222-225, were acquired after the completion of program
MICRO, and thus are not available to the user through the program.

218-219:"APPENDIXC" and "APPENDIXD" - Programs ATTENCOEF and MICRO. These two files were made by
appending files 171-187 and 188-217. The individual program and subroutine files should be
loaded as needed to run the programs; tape files 218 and 219 should be printed as needed for
casual reference or interest, as when compiling an Atmospheric Handbook reference manual.

226: “FACIS" - A list of useful atmospheric constants and conversions.

221-225:Refractive Indices, Ice (includes some data for microwave wavelengths)

28



SUBROUTINE BUILDVEC (DATSET,OUT, INTERP )

C------ When DATSET is true, BUILDVEC is called by ATTEN to
- create the user-entered array. BUILDVEC calls INPT
- and ATTEN. The maximum array size is 50.

-- WARNING: If the user does not enter at least one value
— the array, the program terminates immediately.

INTEGER  AIMVEC(58) , AERVEC (50)
DIMENSION ALTVEC (50)

INTEGER AIM, AER, VECSIZ, OUT
REAL ALT

LOGICAL AIM2,DATSET, INTERP

AIM2 = FALSE.
C------ entry specifications
WRITE (11,319)

C—---- create array
Do 108 K = 1, vEcsiz
715 READ (11,312, ERR = 88) AIM

IF (AIM.EQ.9) GOTO 119
READ (11, 313, ERR=85) ALT
READ (11, 312, ERR=99) AER
call to INPT
Note that when INPT is called from BUILDVEC, all. variables
in the parameter list are input variables.
CALL INPT (DATSET,AIM2,ATM,ALT,AER )
AIMVEC(K) = ATM
ALTVEC(K) = ALT
AERVEC(K) = AER
WRITE (11,315)

GOTO 100
80 WRITE (11,320)
GOTO 75
85 WRITE (11, 321)
GOTO 76
90 WRITE (11, 322)
GOTO 77
198 CONTINUE
coro 199
110 IF (K.BQ.1) GOTO 111
VECSIZ = K-1
GOTO 199
111 WRITE (11,409)
STOP
C= call to ATTEN

199 DO 266 K = 1,VECSIZ
CALL ATTEN (ATMVEC(K) ,ALTVEC(K) ,AERVEC(K) ,DATSET,INTERP, OUT )
200 CONTINUE

IF (OUT.EQ.1) WRITE (11, 330)
c—- prepare for termination
IF (OUT .BQ. ) GOTO 250
IF (OUT .NE. 6) OUT = -OUT
Goro 308
250 our = -10
308 CALL ATTEN (ATM,ALT,AER,DATSET, INTERP, OUT )
RETURN
310 FORMAT (/"ATMOSPHERIC MODELS ARE:"/3X,"1 ~ TROPICAL"/3X,
"2 - MIDLATITUDE SUMMER"/3X,"3 — MIDLATITUDE WINTER"/3X,
"4 — SUBARCTIC SUMMER"/3X,"5 — SUBARCTIC WINTER"//
"ENTER: 1. # OF ATMOSPHERIC MODEL (1-5)"/7X,
"2. ALTITUDE IN km (0.0 ~ 85.0)"/11X,
ALTITUDE OTHER THAN ZERO THAT IS A WHOLE NUMBER"/11X,
"MUST BE ENTERED WITH A DECIMAL, E.G. '12' WOULD BE"/11X,
INTERED AS '12.0°."/7X,
’. AEROSOL TYPE - CLEAR (8) OR HAZY (1)"//
"ENTER BACH VALUE ON A SEPARATE LINE, AFTER THE THIRD"/
"VALUE IN EACH SET HAS BEEN ENTERED, WAIT FOR THE"/
"PROMPT, '$', THEN CONTINUE."//
“WHEN YOU WISH TO STOP ENTERING VALUES, ENTER A ZERO"/
“APTER YOU RECEIVE THE PROMPT

DONNNAODDDDOD

37



5. REFERENCES [REF, 7]
BARNES, A.A., Jr.
BERTIE, J.E., H.T. LABBE,
and E, WHALLEY

BIENIEWSKI, T.M., and
S.d. CZYZAK

CARRIER, L.W., G.A. CATO,
and K.J. VON ESSON

CARRIER, L.W., G.A. CATO,
and K.J. VON ESSON

CHANDRASEKHARAN, V., and
A. DAMANY

CLARK, W.M.

CLARKE, G.L., and
LR. JAMES

COLLIE, C.H., J.B. HASTED,
and D.M. RITSON

CZYZAK, S.J., W.M. BAKER,
R.C. CRANE, and J.B. HOWE

DEIRMENDJIAN, D.
DOWNING, H.D., and
D. WILLIAMS

DUNSMUIR, R., and J. LAMB

GALLERY, W.O., F.X. KNEIZYS,

and S.A. CLOUGH

GLASS, M. and
D.J. VARLEY

GRAMS, G.W.,

I.H. BLIFFORD, JR., B.G.
SCHUSTER and J.J. DE LISI
GRAY, D.E.

HALE, G.M., and

M.R. QUERRY

HERZBERGER, M.
HEYMSFIELD, A.J.
HEYMSFIELD, A.J., and
L.J. JABNSEN

ICENOGLE, H.W.,
B.C, PLATT, and
W.L. WOLFE

IRVINE, W.M., and
J.B, POLLACK

1977

1969

1963

1965

1967

1968

1969
1939

1948

1957

1963

1975

1945

1981

1978

1972

1963

1973

1942

1975

1974

1976

1968

Weather Document for TDV-1, Sixty Day Report, APGL,
Bedford, MA, Table G, July 15, 1977.

Journal of Chemical Physics, 50, No. 16, pp. 4501~4526.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, pp. 496-497,
April 1963.

Final Report - Laser Systems Study, Part III: Effect of
Clouds. Prepared for U.S. Naval Ordnance Labs by Xerox
Electro Optical Systems, Corona, California, Contract N123
(62738) 34515A(X), EOS report 4449 - Final III.

Applied Optics, 6, No. 7, pp. 1209-1216.

Applied Optics, 7, No. 4, pp. 687-688.

S.P.I.E. Journal, 7, pp. 40-45.
Journal of the Optical Society of America, 29, pp. 43-55.

Physical Society: 60, 71, 145.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 47, No. 3, pp. 240-243.

"Complete Microwave Scattering and Extinction Properties of
Polydispersed Cloud and Rain Elements", The Rand Corporation.

Journal of Geophysical Res., 80, No. 12, pp. 1656-1661.

"The Dielectric Properties of Ice at Wavelengths of Three and
Nine Centimeters", Manchester University, Dept. #61.

Computer code for FCSDATM by Gallery, Kneizys, and Clough,
AFGL, Optical Physics, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA.

"Observations of Cirrus Particle Characteristics Occurring
with Halos", AMS preprint, Cloud Physics and Atmospheric
Electricity Conference, Issaquah, WA, July 31-August 4, 1978,
pp. 1-3.

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 29, pp. 980-905.

American Institute of Physics Handbook, 2nd ed.,
McGraw-Hill, NY.

Applied Optics, 12, No. 3, pp. 555-563.

Journal of the Optical Society of America, 32, pp. 78-77.

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32, pp. 709-808.

"Microstructure of Tropopause Cirrus Layers", AMS preprint,
Sixth Conference on Aerospace and Aeronautical Meteorology,
El Paso, TX, pp. 43-48.

Applied Optics, 15, No. 10, pp. 2348-2351.

Icarus, 8, pp. 324-360.

23



2.7.1.5.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (5.5E-7 to 1.4E-6 meters)
RFXCDS20, RFXCDS2E

Cayzak et al. (1957) determined the real refractive index of single synthetic zinc sulfide
(2.7.1.24.2, ordinary ray) and cadmium sulfide crystals (ordinary and extraordinary rays) in the wave-
length range 4.4E-7 to 1.48-6 meters (ZnS) and 5.5E-7 to 1.4E-6 meters (CdS). ‘The prisms used were cut
to angles between 10 and 15 degrees.

2.7.1.6 Calcite

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (2E-7 to 6-6 meters)
RECXCALCE, RECXCALCO

Ivlev and Popova (1974) examined the optical constants of various chemical compounds constituting
the atmospheric aerosol including calcite, graphite (2.7.1.12), gypsum (2.7.1.13), mascagnite (2.7.1.15),
quartz (2.7.1.18.5), sapphire (2.7.1.20.4), and sodium nitrate (2.7.1.23). In the original data tables,
Ivlev and Popova left large gaps between data entries (which correspond to "~1" in the Handbook tables) ,
with no directions for proper interpretation. With the exception of three entries for the real index of
graphite at 1.1E-6, 1,2E-6, and 1.9E-6 meters, for which the authors entered "?", there are at least two
ways in which to interpret the gaps: 1) values were out of range; 2) values did not change from the last
entry before the gap, until the next cited index. Additionally, the authors seemingly distinguished be-
tween the value of "197%", where X is any integer, and "1 x 19%" with the same value for X; we chose not
to draw a distinction between the two representations.

The data in RFCXCALCE and any other associated data files are reproduced from Ivlev and Popova
(1972) with permission from Plenum Publishing Corporation, copyright holder.

2.7.1.7 Calcium Fluoride

Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4.05E~-7 to 7.68E~7 meters)
RFXCAF1 to RFXCAF3

Malitson (1963) reproduced real refractive index data from experiments done at the National
Bureau of Standards in 1944, The indices were determined for two samples of synthetic fluorite prisms
for nine visible wavelengths (4.05E-7 to 7.68E-7 meters) at temperatures of 15, 35, and 55 degrees C.
Malitson states that the real refractive index values of both prisms were averaged. ‘The values were
taken from previously published reports by Stockberger and Early (1944) and Stockberger (1949). Malitson
states that the uncertainty of these index measurements is estimated at 2E-6.

2.7.1.8 Dust

2.7.1.8.1
Imaginary Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (3E-7 to 1.7E-6 meters)
REIXDUST1 to RFIXDUST1®

Lindberg et al. (1976) determined the imaginary part of the complex refractive index for dust
samples from the Panama Canal Zone, Germany, France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, and
various locations in the United States in the wavelength range 3E-7 to 1.7E-6 meters. ‘The samples were
collected by air filtration using ultra-thin cellulose membranes. ‘Their values for the imaginary index
are dependent on the assumption that the specific gravity of the particulate matter is 2.2. The authors
claim their values for the index are an underestimate by some amount less than a factor of 2.

Transmission spectroscopy examination of each sample led to the following profiles of sample com-
position: samples from Europe were often dominated by ammonium sulphate and some strong spectrally broad
absorber such as free carbon which led to a relatively high imaginary index in the visible spectrum.
Samples from less populated desert areas in the U.S. and Israel showed the presence of silicate clay
minerals, quartz, calcite, and gypsum, and proportionately less ammonium sulfate and carbon. Samples
from industrial or high population density areas had a significantly higher imaginary index than those
from more remote desert locations. ‘This presumably was because urban samples contained more free carbon
from various man-made combustion sources, whereas desert areas had a stronger soil component which tended
to reduce the overall imaginary index.

2.7.1.8.2
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (3E-7 to 1.7E-6 meters)
RFCXDUST1 to RFCXDUST3

These tables (Lindberg, 1977) contain imaginary index data from experiments at White Sands
Missile Range in New Mexico in the wavelength range 3E-7 to 1,7E-6 meters, Dust from three geographic
locations was measured by diffuse reflectance methods. ‘The dry material as collected on cellulose ester
membrane filters was dissolved in acetone and centrifuged to recover the particulate matter. The tables
contain infrared laser line imaginary index measurements Lindberg obtained using a spectrophone tech~
nique.



UAG-21

UAG-22

UAG-23

UAG-23A

UAG-24

UAG-25

UAG-26

UAG-27

UAG-28

UAG-29

UAG-30

UAG-31

UAG-32

UAG-33

UAG-34

UAG-36

UAG-37

UAG-38

UAG SERIES OF REPORTS (Continued)

PRELIMINARY COMPILATION OF DATA FOR RETROSPECTIVE WORLD INTERVAL JULY 26 - AUGUST 14, 1972, by
J. Virginia Lincoln and Hope I. Leighton, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
NOAA, Boulder, CO, November 1972, 128 pp.

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES (AE) FOR 1970, by Joe Haskell Allen, National Geo-
physical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO, November 1972, 146 pp

U.R.S.1. HANDBOOK OF IONOGRAM INTERPRETATION AND REDUCTION, Second Edition, November 1972,
edited by W.R. Piggott, Radio and Space Research Station, Slough, UK, and K. Rawer, Arbeits-
gruppe fur Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, November 1972, 324 pp, $1.75.

U.R.S.1. HANDBOOK OF IONOGRAM INTERPRETATION AND REDUCTION, Second Edition, Revision of Chapters
1-4, edited by W.R. Piggott, Radio and Space Research Station, Slough, UK, and K. Rawer, Ar-
beitsgruppe fur Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, November 1972, 135 pp, $2.14.

DATA ON SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAJOR GROUND LEVEL COSMIC RAY EVENTS OF
24 JANUARY AND 1 SEPTEMBER 1971, Parts 1 and 2, compiled by Helen E. Coffey and J. Virginia Lin-
coin, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestriai Physics, NOAA, Boulder, CO, December 1972, 462
pp, $2.00 (includes Parts 1 and 2).

OBSERVATIONS OF JUPITER'S SPORADIC RADIO EMISSION IN THE RANGE 7.6-41 MHZ, 9 SEPTEMBER 1968
THROUGH 9 DECEMBER 1971, by James W. Warwick, George A. Dulk and David G. Swann, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO, February 1973, 35 pp

DATA COMPILATION FOR THE MAGNETOSPHERICALLY QUIET PERIODS FEBRUARY 19-23 AND NOVEMBER 29 - DE-
CEMBER 3, 1970, compiled by Helen £. Coffey and J. Virginia Lincoln, World Data Center A for
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, CO, May 1973, 129 pp

HIGH SPEED STREAMS IN THE SOLAR WIND, by D.S. Intriligator, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA, June 1973, 16 pp.

COLLECTED DATA REPORTS ON AUGUST 1972 SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL EVENTS, Parts 1, 2 and 3, edited by
Helen E. Coffey, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, Boulder, CO, July
1973, 932 pp, $4.50.

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11) FOR 1968, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, October 1973, 148 pp.

CATALOGUE OF DATA ON SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS, prepared by NOAA Environmental Data Service,
Boulder, CO, October 1973, 317 pp, $1.75. Supersedes catalogs UAG-11, 15 and 20

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(11) FOR 1969, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, February 1974, 142 pp.

SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 3.3 MM FOR THE YEARS 1967-1969, by Earle B. Mayfield, Kennon
P. White III, and Fred I. Shimabukuro, Aerospace Corp., E1 Segundo, CA, April 1974, 26 pp.

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(10) FOR 1967, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, May 1974, 142 pp.

ABSORPTION DATA FOR THE IGY/IGC AND IQSY, compiled and edited by A.H. Shapley, National Geophys-
ical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder, CO; W.R. Piggott, Appleton Laboratory, Slough,
UK; and K. Rawer, Arbeitsgruppe fur Physikalische Weltraumforschung, Freiburg, GFR, June 1974,
381 pp, $2.00.

AN ATLAS OF EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET FLASHES OF SOLAR FLARES OBSERVED VIA SUDDEN FREQUENCY DEVIA-
TIONS DURING THE ATM-SKYLAB MISSIONS, by R.F. Donnelly and E.L. Berger, NOAA Space Environment
Laboratory; Lt. J.D. Busman, NOAA Commissioned Corps; B. Henson, NASA Marshall Space Flight Cen-
ter; T.B. Jones, University of Leicester, UK; G.M. Lerfald, NOAA Wave Propagation Laboratory; K.
Najita, University of Hawaii; W.M. Retallack, NOAA Space Environment Laboratory and W.J. Wagner,
Sacramento Peak Observatory, October 1974, 95 pp.

AURORAL ELECTROJET MAGNETIC ACTIVITY INDICES AE(10) FOR 1966, by Joe Haskell Allen, Carl C.
Abston and Leslie D. Morris, National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, Boulder,
CO, December 1974, 142 pp

MASTER STATION LIST FOR SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS DATA AT WDOC-A FOR SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS,
by R.W. Buhmann, World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, CO; Juan D. Roe-
derer, University of Denver, Denver, CO; and M.A. Shea and D.F. Smart, Air Force Cambridge Re-
search Laboratories, Hanscom AFB, MA, December 1974, 110 pp, $1.60



C------ different substance?

74

89

98

91
94

96
97
98

106
125
158
175

208
225

250

999

1600
1001
1160
1200
1300
1490
1598
1668

an

DOOD DDNDHOUNH

WRITE (11,1590)
WRITE (11,125)

CALL READANS (ANS )
IF (ANS.EQ.@) GOTO 89
GOTO 9

IF ((OUT.EQ.1).OR. (OUT.EQ.2)) WRITE (11,1609)
STOP

FORMAT (/"PRINT OPTION: "/3X,"@: RESULTS TO SCREEN ONLY"
/3X,"1: RESULTS TO DISKFILE"/3X,"2: RESULTS TO BOTH",z,
" SCREEN AND DISKFILE"/)
FORMAT ("ENTER @, 1, OR 2")
FORMAT ("INCORRECT ENTRY")
FORMAT (I1)
FORMAT (12)
FORMAT (13)
FORMAT ("USE EXPONENTIAL NOTATION OF THE FORM 'digit'E'exponent'"/
“WHERE"/7X,
": 'digit' IS ANY NUMBER, THE NUMBER MUST INCLUDE"/10X,
"A DECIMAL AND MUST OCCUPY 4 SPACES;"/7X,
": ‘E' IS THE LETTER 'E';"/7X,
‘exponent! IS A SIGNED OR UNSIGNED INTEGER CONSTANT."/19X,
‘exp' MUST OCCUPY 2 SPACES."//

‘EXAMPLES : NUMBER YOU ENTER"/
------ ny]
" 2E6 2. 00E06"/
" 2E-6 2.00B-6"/
" 275E-8 275.E-8, 2.75E-6"/)

FORMAT (/"REFRACTIVE INDICES FOR WATER (8) OR ICE (1)?")
FORMAT ("ENTER @ OR 1")
FORMAT (/"AVAILABLE TEMPERATURES (degrees C) :"/)
FORMAT. ("~8"/"9"/"10"/"18" /"20"/"39"/" 49" /"5Q"/"69"/

"75"/)
FORMAT ("-59"/"-36"/"~10"/"g"/)
FORMAT (/"WILL YOU BE ENTERING TEMPERATURES SINGLY (d)"/

"OR INTO AN ARRAY (1)?")
FORMAT ("COMPLETED")
FORMAT ()
FORMAT (/"ENTER TEMPERATURE (C) :")
FORMAT ("RE-ENTER TEMPERA‘ ")
FORMAT (/"DO YOU WANT THIS FILE SENT TO DISK? (0=NO, 1=YES)")
FORMAT (/"DO YOU WANT ANY INTERPOLATIONS? (@=NO, 1=YES)")
FORMAT (/"ENTER WAVELENGTH (meters) :")
FORMAT (/"WOULD YOU LIKE ANOTHER TEMPERATURE? (O=NO, 1=YES)")
FORMAT (/"WOULD YOU LIKE A DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE? (@=NO,1=YES)")
FORMAT (/"CHECK 'MICOUT' FOR OUTPUT. REMEMBER TO RENAME THIS FILE.")
END

45



SUBROUTINE H20PEN (TEMP )

- opens h2o data file

INTEGER TEMP

CHEE

IF (TEMP.EQ. - 8) OPEN
IF (TEMP.BQ. 6) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 16) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 18) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 26) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 30) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 40) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 50) OPEN
IF (TEMP.EQ. 69) OPEN
IP (TEMP.EQ. 75) OPEN

1, "RFH2OMN" , ERR=1000

1, "REH20M0" ,ERR=1500

1, "RFH20M16" , ERR=2000
1, "REH20M18" , ERR=2500
1, "RFH20M26" , ERR=3000
1, "RFH20M30" , ERR=3500
1, "REH20M40" ,ERR=4000
1, "REH20M50" , ERR=4509
1, "RFH20M69" , ERR=5000
1, "REH20M75" , ERR=5509

CH

RETURN
1000 = WRITE (11,1991)

STOP
1500 WRITE (11,1581)

STOP
2000 © WRITE (11,2001)

STOP
2500 = WRITE (11,2501)

STOP
3000 = WRITE (11,3001)

STOP
3500 © WRITE (11,3501)

STOP
4900 WRITE (11,4061)

STOP
4500 WRITE (11,4501)

STOP
5000 WRITE (11,5001)

STOP
5500 WRITE (11,5501)

STOP
1001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20MN8")
1501 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M0"
2001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M10")
2501 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M18")
3001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M20")
3561 © FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M30")
4001 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M49"
4501 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M59")
5061 FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M69")
5501

FORMAT ("ERR OPENING RFH20M75")

END

47



2.7.1.16 Molybdenite

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (3.3E-4 to 5E-4 meters)
RECXMOLYB

Meyer (1926) gave the averaged results of experiments which determined the complex refractive
index of molybdenite for nine wavelengths in the range 3.3E-4 to 5E-4 meters. Observations were made at
various angles of incidence for the same wavelength, (65, 70, and 76 degrees) and averaged. Meyer
reported that individual observations varied about 5% from the average.

2.7.1.17 Polystyrene Latex

Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (9.3E-6 to 1.06E-5 meters)
RECXPLTX1 to RFCXPLTX5S

See 2.7.1.3.1: "Ammonium Sulphate": RFCXAMSP1.

2.7.1.18 Quartz

2.7.1,18.1
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (4,96E-5 to 4,95E-4 meters)
RFXQUAIO, RFXQUALE

Russell and Bell (1967) obtained the real refractive index of crystal quartz in the wavelength
range 4.96E-5 to 4.95E-4 meters, with the asymmetric Fourier-Transform method. ‘The extrapolated, zero-
frequency real refractive indices are 2.1062 (ordinary), and 2.1538 (extraordinary) with an experimental
uncertainty of +/- 9.001.

The total, estimated probable error in the measured values contained in the data table is +/-
9.061, except at frequencies less than 25 cm! and greater than 175 cm~!, where, the authors claim, the
error can be somewhat greater.

2.7.1.18.2
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1.6E-4 to 3.49E-3 meters)
REXQUAZ

Laikin (1961) measured the real refractive index of a 3@-degree synthetic quartz prism for the
ordinary ray, in the wavelength range 1.6E-4 to 3.49E-3 meters, at 47 degrees F. ‘he indices were
corrected to air. Laikin reported the accuracy of the indices good to 6E-5.

2.7.1.18.3
Real Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (1.44E-7 to 2.31E-7 meters)
RFXQUA30, RFXQUA3E

Chandrasekharan and Damany (1968) reported the measurements of the ordinary and extraordinary
real refractive indices of synthetic quartz in the vacuum ultraviolet in the wavelength range 1.44E-7 to
2.31E-7 meters as deduced from the determination of the orders of interference fringes in a thin parallel
plate. ‘he ordinary and extraordinary channeled spectra were obtained by interference in transmission
and recorded at room temperature. ‘he authors estimate the absolute error in the indices to be less than
5.001.

2.7.1.18.4
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (7.68E-7 to 3.6E-5 meters)
RECXQUA1O, RFCXQUALE

Peterson and Weinman (1969) tabulated the complex indices of quartz in the wavelength range
7. 78-7 to 3.6E-5 meters. An ensemble of spherical dust particles was utilized in conjunction with Mie
theory to determine the extinction coefficient and other optical properties. The data in Peterson and
Weinman were originally collected by Spitzer and Kleinman (1961) at a temperature of 24 degrees C.
Wavelengths shorter than 5E-6 meters were compiled by D.E. Gray (1963).

2.7.1.18.5
Complex Refractive Index vs. Wavelength (5E-7 to 6E-6 meters)
RECXQUA20, RFCXQUA2E

See 2.7.1.6: "Calcite".

16