Professional Paper No. 5 Series H, Forestry, 2 

DEPARTMENT O.F THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 

THE 

FOR.ESTS OF WASHINGTON 

A REVISION OF EsrriMATES 

BY 

HENRY GANNETT 

W ASI-IINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1902 

......... 2D -

CONTENTS. 

"Letter of transmittal .........•••...................................•...................... 

Sources of information .. _ ........ _ ............................................. _ .......... . 

Stand of tin1 ber .......................................................................... . 

Classification of lands ........ · ............................................................ . 

Adams County ...................................................... ~ ............... . 

Asotin County ....................................................................... . 

Chehalis County ............................ _ . __ ...... _ ... _ ...... _ .......... _ ........ . 

Chelan County ...................................................................... . 

Clallam County ...................................................................... . 

Clarke Conn ty ....................•...•............................................... 

Colun1bia County .................................................................... . 

Cowlitz County ............................................. _ .... _ ................•... 

Douglas County ......... .: ............................................................ . 

Ferry County .............................. _ ......................................... . 

Franklin County .......................................•.............................. 

Garfield County ..................................................................... . 

Island County ..... _ .. ___ ............................. _ ..... ___ ................. _ ..... . 

· ~i!~~:u~~;~~~T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Kitsap County ....................................................................... . 

Kittitas County ........ _· ............................................................. . 

Klickitat County ................................ ~ ............... ·- ................... . 

~~:e:l:~uo~~t; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Mason County ....................................................................... . 

Okanogan County ....................... _ ............................................ . 

Pacific County ....................................................................... . 

Pierce County ............... _ ....................................................... . 

San Juan County .......................... __ ........................................ . Skagit County ....... __ .. __ . _ . __ .. _. _ ... _____ ... __ . __ . _ . __ ...... _ ...... _ .. _. _. ___ . __ · __ 

Skamania County .................................................................... . 

Snohomish County .................................... _ ............................. . 

Spokane County ......... __ . _ ..... _ .. _ ..... _. ___ . _ ..... __ ............................ . 

Stevens County._._ .. __ . __ .. _ .......... __ . ___ ... _ .. ___ ............................... . 

Thurston County .. _ ................ _. _. _ . _ .......................................... . 

W ahkiakum County ...... _ ... _ . _ .. ___ . _ .. _. _ . ______ .. _ ................. -.............. . 

Walla walla County ....................... __ ......................................... . 

Whatcom County., .......... _ ............ _._ ........................................ . 

Whitman County ..... _ ..... _ ............................ _ ........................... . 

Yakima Conn t y .. _ .......... __ ....... ___ ..• _ .... ____ .. _ ................•............. Index .••.• ___ . ____ . _ . ____ . ____ . _____ . _____ .. __ ... ____ . _________________ . __ . __ .. ___ . ____ . _ 

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PLATE I. Land-classification map of Washington .......... _ ... _ ........• 0 0............. In pocket. 

3 

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

U NtTED STATES GEoLOGICAL SuRVEY, 

lfTashington, JJ. 0., June 17, 1901£. 

SIR: I transmit herewith, for publication in the series of Professional Papers, a 

revision of the estimates of the standing timber and its distribution in the State of 

Washington. 

Very respectfully, yours, HENRY GANNETT, 

Geographer. 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, 

JJirrector United States Geological Survey. 

5 

.. 

THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

(A REVISION OF ESTIMATES.) 

By HENRY GANNETT. 

With the exception of the red wood forests of California the forests of western 

Washington are among the densest, heaviest, and most continuou~ in the United 

State~-!. Exeept for a few prairie op(mings, and except where removed hy fire and 

the ax, they cover the country as a thiek mantle from ~t line high np on the Ca1·wade 

Range westward to the shores of the Paeitie. In all this region only the Olympics 

rear a few summits above the forests. Not only are the forests dense overhead, 

but the undergrowth is dense and tangled beneath. The trees are high, reaching 

12 to 15 feet in diameter and 250 feet in height, with clear trunks for 100 or more 

feet. The timber is mainly red fir (l~~eudotsuya· tarr1~{oUa.) mingled with spruce, 

hemlock, and cedar. 

SOURCES OF INFORMATION. 

Since the publication, in the Twentieth Annual Report, of the land-classification 

map of the State of Washington and the statisties of its standing timher, examinations have heen made, somewhat in detail, of the n10untain regions of the State, 

including the Olympic and Mount Rainier forest reserves. The first of these 

comprises the Olympic Mountains and the country westward, and the seeond a 

considerable part of the Cascade Range. Besides this, an examination has been 

made during the last season of the region in the Cascade Range lying between the 

northern limit of the Mount Rainier Forest Reserve and National Park on the south 

and the southern limit of the Washington Reserve on the north. 

These examinations have resulted in increasing greatly the estimated stand of 

timber in the State above the figures published in the Twentieth Annual Report. 

The additions consist in part of large tracts of heavy stand of species now in use 

by lumbermen, ineluding red fir, cedar, 8pruce, and hemlock, and in part of ~pecies 

which are known to be of value although not at present utilized, such, for instance, 

as the lovely fir. 

7 -
/ 

8 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

These mountain regions are not regarded by the lumbermen of to-day as containing merchantable timber, largely because of the inaccessibility of the forests. 

The Washington lumberman is skin1ming the cream. He is taking only the best and 

heaviest of the timber and that which is most accessible, and, from his point of view, 

timber within the mountains, being difficult to log, is not regarded as having any 

present value. That it will come into the market eventually, when the more accessible timber is exhausted, it is of course unnecessary to say, and on this account it 

should properly be included in a statement of the timber assets of the State. The 

inclusion of these bodies of timber raises the total stand of the State from 114,778,000 

M feet B. M. to 195,687,966 M feet B. M. 

Besides the information derived from the examinations above noted, the sources 

of information concerning the lands and forests of Washington are as follows: 

The Northern Pacific Railway Company, which has made most elaborate cruisings of that part of its land grant situated west of the Cascade Range, has, with great 

liberality, through its general manager, Mr. Thomas Cooper, furnished an abstract 

of all the information in its possession regarding timber landR, including not only the 

statistics of standing timber, but maps showing the areas at present forested, those 

naturally unforested, those which have been cut over, and those which have been 

burned. These statistics have been compiled and the maps have been prepared by 

Messrs. John M. Rankine and George H. Plummer, of the Northern Pacific Railway 

office. The commissioner of the State land offire has furnished abstracts of all cruisings made for the selection of lands for the State. Besides the above, several lumber 

companies and owners of timber land have placed their information at the disposal 

of this office. 

The collection of data and preparation of estimates for the counties east of the 

crest of the Cascade Range has been done by Mr. Fred G. Plummer, who devoted 

the winter months of 1898-99 to this work. 

Altogether, cruisings of more than 2,000,000 acres have been collected. These 

are scattered widely over the State and represent the stand of timber under all the 

different conditions of rainfall, temperature, soil, slope exposure, relief, and altitude. 

The other factor necessary for obtaining the total stand of timber, the area of 

merchantable timber, has been obtained from the same sources in the greatest detail, 

and with this the areas which have been logged and which have been burned in 

recent years. 

In connection with data regarding the stand of timber, its distribution as to 

species has been obtained, the classification being that recognized by lumbermen. 
THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 9 

STAND OF TIMBER. 

From these data the total amount of timber in the State, under the Washington 

lumbering practice, is estimated at 195,688 million feet B. M. Of this amount 

nearly nine-tenths, or 175,120 million feet, are west of the crest of the Cascade 

Range. The remainder, 20,568 million feet, is upon its eastern slope and in the 

northern and eastern portions of the State. 

· The State of Washington is naturally divided into two parts, which differ from 

each other widely in respect to timber growth. The line of division is the crest of 

the Cascade Range, running from the north to the south line of the State. West of 

it the country is heavily forested, or was before lumbering operations commenced. 

In this part of the State the areas naturally devoid of timber are few and small and 

altogether trifling in proportion to the total area. East of it the land is mainly without timber, and where timber exists it is sparse and its quality is inferior. 

Moreover, there is a great difference in the species. West of the Cascade Range 

the prevailing species, which forms nearly one-half of the entire forest, is red fir. 

This and cedar, hemlock, spruce, and lovely fir (Abies amabilis) compose the forest. 

Fir is found in almost all parts of this region, and throughout the Sound Valley 

little of any other species is found, the forests being almost pure fir. East of the 

Cascade Range the forest consists mainly of pine, principally yellow pine, though in 

the northeast corner of the State a little white pine is intermingled. Red fir is 

found scattered through the pine forests in considerable proportion, and ·in the 

northeastern part of the State larch is abundant. Small proportions of hemlock 

and cedar are also found, and a trifling amount of spruce and oak. 

The following table gives the stand of timber of the species recognized by the 

lumbermen, in thousands of feet B. M., with the percentage which each bears to the 

total amount: 

Amount and percentage of species of timber in Washington. 

Speeies. M feet n. M. Per cent. 

Red fir ____ • ______________________ . _ . _________ ... ___ . _______ . __ .. ___ . __ . 90,592,926 46 

Spruce ______ . ___________________ . __________________ •••• ___________ . ___ . 8,220, 723 4 

Cedar . _ . _______ . __ . _______ . _ . ___ . ____ ... ___ . ___________ . _____ . ___ . _ . __ _ 22,646,071 12 

Hemlock _ ..• ___ ... ______ . _________ .. ________ . ___ . ____ . _______ .. _______ . 

Lovely fir __ • ___ . ____ .. __ . _____ . ______ . _______ . ____ .. _____ .. ____ ... ______ I 

41,571,330 21 

8,787,500 5 

Larch ... _ .. _ .. ____ . ____ .. ____ . _ . _ ... _____ ... _ . _____ ...... _ .. _______ . _ . _ 4, 776,034 2 

Yell ow pine _ •...... __ . _ ... ~ ... _ ...... __ ...... __ ... _ .. __ ........ ______ .. 13,082,280 7 

~~~~ =~": ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-:::::::::::-: :1-----· 1,231,299 1 

4,779,803 2 

195,687,966 ·------· 
10 THE FOR.ESTS OF WABHINGTON. 

Dividing the State into the two parts above given, the following tables show the 

stand of timber in each, with the amount and percentage of the prevailing species: 

&anding timber in Washington. 

C'OUNTIES WEST OF C'ASC'ADE RANGE. 

M feet B. M. 

Total stand _________________________________________________ ....... _ 175, 120, 112 

Fir _____________ .. _ . ________________________ . __ .. ________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8f), 881, 834 

Per cent of fir ____________________________ . _____ . ________ . ___ . __ .•. _ 49 

C'OUNTIES EAST OF CASCADE RANGE. 

M feet B. M. 

Total stand ______ ... __ :· __ . __ . ________________________ .... __ .... _. __ . 20, 567, 854 

Yellow pine _________ . __ . ___ . __ .. ____ . ________ . __ ... _ ... _. __ . _. _ .... _ 12, 851, 435 

Per cent of yellow pine._ •.•.••. _________ .... " ... ____ ........ _ .. _ .. _. 61 

The following table gives the amount of merchantable timber in each county, 

<·la:-;sified by ~pecies, in thousands of feet B. M., as at present estimated by lumbermen. 

If it were cut under the practice which prevails at pre~ent, these figures represent a 

dose approximation to the amount which would be realized. There is no question, 

however, that, as in the ease of the eastern white pine, a mueh larger amount will 

ultimately be realized, for several reasons: 

First, the standard will certainly be lowered, so that instead of utilizing only 

one-third of the tree two-thirds may be used, and many small trees now destroyed 

by fire in the culled areas will be eut; second, species not now used may come into 

the market; third, areas now considered inaccessible will serve as sources of supply; 

fourth, the new growth on cut and burned areas will reacl~ merchantable size long 

before the old growth is exhausted. 

Summary (!f standing timber ln TVa.~hington, l)y f'Onntie.'l. 

I 

Total 'land. I A V~:::"ie~ml - ----- -----~--' --------- -

County. Red fir. Sprllf'l'. Cedar. 

I .lfject B. Jf. Ji'cef B. JI. Jljcet B. JI. Jljeet B. M. JI.feet B. JJI. 

Adatns ____ . _________ . ' ______ . _______ . _ _ _____ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _______ .•• 

Asotin _______________ I 79, 400 1, 200 15, 880 ________________________ . __ • 

Chehalis _____________ ! 27,632,828 25,000 10,957,668 3, 165,557 -1, 759,920 

Chelan______________ 3, 095,430 1, 810 377,443 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47,070 

Clallam _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2.5, 7 42, 775 29, 300 \ 6, 482, 650 2, 393, 18.5 2, .537, 620 

Clarke----·--------- 711,5.52 9,300 i 697,092 -------------- 14,-160 

Columbia .. __________ 182,.500 1, 700 36,500 9, 125 _____________ . 

. Cowlitz._____________ 7, 492, 647 17,800 5, 683,311 1, 089 786, 69! 

Douglas------------- 31,000 1,000 7,750 ----------------------------

Ferry __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 666, 500 1, 200 333, 300 __________ . _. ___ . __ .. ______ • 

Franklin ___ . _ . _ . __ . _ 

Garfield _ • _ ... ______ _ 149, 700 2,000 29,940 7,485 ........ -.... -.--..... -- I~land ___ . ______ . ___ _ 430,000 ................................ 250,000 ... ----- .......... -.. -... 180,000 

Jefferson _____ .•.• _ . _ 20,691,355 26, 700 3,033,175 843,250 2,712,790 
STAND OF TIMBER. 11 

Summary of standing timber in Washington, by counties-Continued. 

County. Total stand. Average stand Red fir. Spruce. Cedar. per acre . 

.Jifeet B . .JI. Feet B. JI. Jf feet B. llf. JI feet B. "lf. Jlfeet B. ~1I. 

King ... _ .... _ .....•.. 11,857,431 14,300 6,306,494 348, 103 1,555,209 

Kitsap .. _ ... __ .....•. 1,140,900 9,000 1,140,900 -------------· ................................. 

Kittitas _ ............. 3,171,312 5,260 546,556 ---------·---- 131,000 

Klickitat ... __ . __ .. __ . 743,000 1,400 336,300 -------------- .............................. 

Lewis .. _ ... ___ . _. ____ 11,378,162 12,800 8,848,113 -------------- 1,137,426 

Lincoln ....... ___ .. _. 12,000 300 1,800 -------------- ................................. 

Mason. __ .--·· ___ .... _ 7,029,429 15,000 4,953,121 8,492 437, 778 

Okanogan __ . _. _ ...... 3,831,260 1,340 533, 100 -------------- --·------------ Pacific --------------- 7,813,067 16,300 5,498,224 814,953 713,238 

Pierce .. _ .......... _ .. 10,868,440 15,700 6, 798,950 200,871 1,286,573 

San Juan __ . __ .. _ .... ____ .. __ .. _ .. __ . . _ . _ ...... _ . _ . . . _ ... _____ ............ __ .. _ _ .. __ .. __ . _ .. __ 

Skagit_._ .. __________ .

1

1 11, 098, 111 11, ooo 6, 297, 350 il 1R4, 096 2, 716, 326 

Skamania------------! 11,870,815 15,300 6,117,212 -------------- 455,115 

Snohomish ... _____ ... l 10, 892, 195 13,500 I 7, 356, 337 42,955 2, 050,630 

Spokane._ .. __ .. ______ 716,000 2, 100 32, 680 ... _ .... _..... 29,560 

Stevens __ .. ___ .. ___ .. 2, 701,680 1,100 297,185 .............. -------- 27,017 

Thurston ____ . _____ ... 2, 787,343 10, 100 2,608,125 462 108,949 

W ahkiakum _ . ___ . ____ : 2,974,107 27,000 1,947,150 1S2,520 301,757 

Wallawalla . ___ . ____ . _ 5,500 260 1,625 ..... -...... -.. -... -..... -..................... --- ....... 

Whatcom ......................... 2, 7,08, 955 3,000 1,905,962 18,580 596,342 

Whitman ... _ ... __ .. _. 35,000 3,000 ............................. -----·-------- ------ ................. 

Yakima ____ . ___ . " .... 4,147,572 3,620 1,261,033 .. --- .. -... -........ -..... 60,600 

Total. __ .... ___ . 195,687,966 9,355 90,592,926 8,220,723 22,646,071 

County. Hemlock. Lovely fir .. ! Larch. Yellow pine. White fir. I Other species. 

Adams-------.----.• - -~:~e~ ~--·~·-- --.J~:~~ ~--~·-_I_ -.J~:~e~ ~--~·-. -:~:~e~ ~--.J~~- -_"l~:~e~ ~--1~-- .1. :~:~e~ ~--~·-- Asotin _ . __ . __ .. __ . _ _ _ ...... ___ . . . . _ ... ___ . __ . 7, 940 4 7, 640 . 7, 940 1- __ ........ _ 

Chehalis ... __ . . . . . . . . 6, 649, 683 . __ . ___ . _ .. _ 2, 100, 000 _ .. ___ . _ .•. _ . ___ .. _ . _ .. _ .. __ .. __ . __ _ 

Chelan .. _ ..... _ .... _ ......... _. __ ...... _ .. _ _ _ 78, 450 2, 440, 067 31, 380 I 121, 020 I 

~:~-:::::: :::::::: -~~: ~ ~~:~~~- --~: ~~~: ~~- :::::::::::: :::::::::::: -::::::::::: j:::::::::::: 

Columbia __ ................... __ ........• __ .. 18, 250 109, 500 9, 125 .. _. ___ .. __ . - I Cowlitz .. _ ...... ___ .. . 953, 430 _ ... ____ . _ _ _ 68, 126 _ .. __ .. __ . __ . ___ ._. _____ I _____ ._ •• __ • 

I 23, 250 ----- --- ---.• -----. ------ 999,900 ____________ ! ___________ _ 

Douglas .. _ ... _ ... _ . . . . _ ... _ . _ .. _ _ . ___ . . . . . . . . _ .... _ . _ ... _ 

Ferry _ . _ . __ . _ .... __ -. . _ ... __ ... _ . . .. _ . _ . __ . . . 333, 300 

Franklin . __ . _ .. _ .... ___ ..... _ . __ . _ . _____ .. ___ . ______ .. __ • • ________ . _ _ _ _ ________ .- _ _ __ . ______ _ 

Garfield ______________ ------------------------ 14,970 89,820 7,485 r------------

Island .. _ ... _ .... __ . . . ....... __ . . . ..... __ . . . . . __ .. _ . __ . _ . • .. _ ....• -. . . ...... -.... 1 

• - - •• - • - - - • -

Jefferson ... _ . ___ . . . . . 8, 920, 140 5, 182, 000 . ___ .. ___ . __ . __ .. __ .. _ .. ___ . ____ .. _ . 1

• __ ••• _____ • 

King................. 2, 712, 971 .... _ ... __ ... __ . __ .. __ ..... ___ ..... _ 75, 233 859, 421 
12 THE FORESTS OF W A.SHINGTON. 

Summary of standing timber in Washington, by countie.~-Continued. 

County. Hemlock. I Lovely fir. I Larch. Yellow pine. White fir. j Other species .. 

I I . ~!feet B. ~f. Feet B. !If. 1 Mfeet B. !If: ~!feet B. ~f. Mfeet B. 1fl. .llfeet B. M. 

Ki tsa p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______ • ___ 1 ___ • ________ i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ____ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __________ _ 

Kittitas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265,911 1

• ___ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150,645 1, 349, 200 520,000 208, 000 

Klickitat ..... ____ . _ _ _ 71, 400 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10, 500 321, 100 ___ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 700 

Lewis ... _____ . ___ . __ _ 929, 755 ---- - - - - - - - - 1,406 158,941 302,521 

Lincoln . _ ... ______ . _ _ _ ___________ 1

• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10, 200 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ . ______ • 

Mason ...... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 1 7 4, 038 456, 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ . ____ . _ _ _ ___ . . . . . . . . . .......... . 

Okanogan ....... _ .... ____ . ______ -~- ______ . _ _ _ 533, 100 2, 765, 060 .. __ .. _________ ..... __ .. 

Pacific ......... ___ . . . 786, 652 1 • __ • ___ • _____ •••••••• _ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• - - - - - - - - - • - - - - - -

::n;~~::::::::::::: --~: ~9,_ ~~~- :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: -----~~·-~-I-----~~:~~~ Skagit .......... ___ .. 1, 900, 339 ___________ .

1

• _____ ••••••• __ •• _. _ ••••••••••••••.••••.•••••••• 

Skamania ...... _ ... _. 1, 948, 042 __ .. _______ .I 551, 990 230, 845 295, 207 2, 272, 404 

Snohomish._ ... ____ .. 1, 055, 737 _______________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64, 423 322, 113 

Spokane ...... _ ........ _ ...... _ . __ . _ . ___ .. _ _ _ 121, 360 532, 400 _ . __ . ______ . ___ . 

Stevens .............. _ .. ~-- ____ .......... __ .. 351, 218 2, 026, 260 ............ ____ ....... . 

~a:::::~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n::: ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Walla walla ... __ .. . .. . . __ . ___ .. .. . __ .. ___ .. _ _ _ 1, 62 5 2, 250 ........... -I- ... ----- ---

;~:~:: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.I-- --~ ~~~ ~~~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - -~;: ~~~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Yakima______________ 123,074 ------------ 433,154 2,099,788 ............ 269,923, 

Total .... _ .... -141,571,330 8, 787,500 4, 776,034 13,082,280 1, 231., 2991 4, 779,803 

The stand is heaviest in Clallam County, in the northern part of the Olympic 

Peninsula. The next heaviest is in W ahkiakum, in the southwest, near Columbia 

River. In western w·ashington the average stand is 16,000 feet; in eastern Washington it is but 1,800 feet B. M. 

The entire area of Washington is 66,880 square miles. Of this, 34,245 square 

miles, or 51 per cent of its area, are covered with merchantable timber. 

CLASSIFICATION OF LANDS. 

The entire area of the nineteen counties of western Washington is 24,552 square 

miles. Of this area but 16,554 square miles, or two-thirds, are regarded as containing 

merchantable timber. Besides this, an area of 2, 771 square miles has already been 

logged; a much greater area, 4,069 square miles, of merchantable timber has been 

burned. In other words, out of an area of 23,394 square miles formerly covered 

with merchantable timber, 12 per cent has been cut, 17 per cent has been destroyed 
OLASSIFIOATION OF LANDS. 13 

by fire, and the remainder is still covered with standing timber. In this area there 

are only 1,158 square miles which are naturally timberless. 

If we assume that the logged area contained, on an average, the same amount of 

timber per acre as is still standing in other areas, it appears that since lumbering 

began in this region there have been cut from it 30,000 million feet B. M. 

If we make the same assumption regarding the burned area, it appears that 

there has been destroyed by fire, without the least benefit to the world, the enormous 

amount of 43,000 million feet B. M. of lumber. Anyone who has passed the late 

summer and early fall in this State realizes the enormous destruction which takes 

place annually at this season. There are fires everywhere, and for weeks at a time 

the smoke from them lies as dense as the fog on the New England coast. 

These are impressive facts. In less than a generation nearly one-third of the 

timber in one of the richest timber regions on this continent has been destroyed, 

and of that destruction much more than half has been caused by fire. Nearly two 

years' supply of lumber for the United States. has been thus destroyed. Assuming· 

that the timber so destroyed would, if standing no~, have a value' of $1 per 1,000 

feet, it appears that not less than $43,000,000 worth has gone up in smoke-a dead 

loss to the people of the State. 

In eastern Washington, out of an entire area of 42,328 square miles, 17,691 

square miles only are now covered with merchantable timber, or only two-fifths of 

the area. Of the area at one time timbered, 1,458 square miles have been cut over 

and 557 square miles have ·been burned. These figures present a strong contrast 

with similar figures for western Washington, in respect to both cut and burned 

areas. The reason for it lies in the fact that in this part of the State the cutting 

is done only for local consumption and never for export, and in these open, sparse 

forests of yellow pine fires do not run freely or cause much damage. 

The following table shows the classification of lands in the eastern and western 

parts of the State: 

Clas8~fication of lands in Washington, east and west of Cascade Range. 

Class. West of Cascade Range. East of Cascade Range. The State. 

Square miles. Per cent. Squa"mile'·lfu- "n' Square miles. Per cent. 

Total ..... _ .. ___ .. __ . _ . __ . _ . ____ . _ 24,552 42, 328 -------- 66,880 ··-----

Merchantable-timber area ............... 16,554 67 17,691 42 34,245 51 

Timberless area ......................... 582 3 22,620 54 23,202 35 

Out area ............. ___ ................ 2, 771 11 1,458 3 4,229 6 

Burned area ............................ 4,069 17 557 1 4,626 7 

Rocky and barren ....................... 315 1 2 -------- 317 

Mountain meadows ......... __ .· ......... 261 1 261 } 1 ·--------- -------- i ---
14 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

The following table presents the classification of lands by counties: 

Classification of land.s in Washington by counties. 

- ------------------------~----------~------ ---~~----

County. 

----------------~ ----1-----1 

Burned 

area. Rocky 

area. Mountain 

meadows. 

Sqna-re rnilcs. Square miles. Square m-iles. Sqnare -mileB. Square -miles. Squ.me miles. 

Adan1s .................................... . 

Asotin .......................... . 

Chehalis ........................ _ 

Chelan ........ _ ....... ___ ... _ . __ _ 

Clallam . __ ... ___ ... ___ .... __ .. _ . _ 

clarke ___ .. _____ . _______ . _______ .

1 

Columbia ...... _ .. ______ .. ______ _ 

Cowlitz--------------------------

Douglas . __ ..... _ .... _ ... _ .... " ... 

Ferry ...•........................ 

105 

1,714 

2,665 

1,370 

119 

164 

646 

49 

2,270 

Franklin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... __ .... 

Garfield ............•.. ~ . . . . . . . . . . 128 

1,696 

520 

282 

7 

530 

4, 713 

38 

1,251 

527 

Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... -. 

Jefferson ........................ . 1, 211 ..... -.. ------ King ...................... -- -- .. - 1,289 8 

Kitsap ........•.................. 210 -- ..... -... -- .. - Kittitas .................... _ ... _ . 941 1,261 

Klickitat ....... _ ............ _. _ .. 825 1,197 

Lewis ........•................... 1,396 45 

Lincoln ..................... ___ .. 63 2,036 

Mason---------------·----------- 729 ---------· Okanogan ....................... . 4,468 850 

Pacific .......................... . 764 40 

Pierce .......... -..... -...... -.. . 1,079 159 

San Juan .......... _ .... _ .... _ ........... __ . . . . _ ...... . 

Skagit ......... _ ..... _........... 1, 576 90 

Skamania ....................... . 

Snohomish ...................... _ 

Spokane ........... _ .... _ ...... _ . 

1,209 

1,252 

530 

44 

28 

654 

Stevens .................... _ . . . . . 3, 643 120 

Thurston......................... 430 106 

W ahkiakum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 22 

Wallawalla ................ _...... 33 1, 230 

I) ---------- ---------- ----------

HO 

26 

113 

20 

182 

82 

60 42 12 

97 . -. -.... -. . ----- --- -

236 33 48 

498 9 1 · • • • • • • • • • 

--········ __________ ! _________ _ 

385 32 I • • • • • • • • • • 

6 ---------- ---------- ·---------

5 ---------- ·········-

70 .. -..... -. -.......... -. ----.. -

238 

81 

361 

175 

94 

26 

71 

200 

199 

56 

200 

187 

196 

31 

252 

585 

23 

161 

38 

14 

170 

158 

393 

128 187 

22 --------------------

118 

31 

813 

31 

11 . -.-- ... --

20 14 

65 ---------- ----------

76 40 . -- -- .. ---

12 --.. --- --- --. --... --

459 

119 

8 

159 

66 ----------·----------

40 ·--------- ----------

Whatcom 636 ------------------·· . _ ...................... , 1, 387 33 

Whitman ....................... -I 19 1, 977 109 .......................... -.--

Yakima .... ----------------------: 1,788 3,738 117 139 2[----------

Tota\ ----------------------:-3-4,-2-45- ~~2~3~,2-02~ ~29-- --4~626 ~317~---- -~ ------------~-~--------------'------
ADAMS, ASOTIN, AND CHEHALIS COUNTIES • 15 

.ADAMS COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southeastern part of the State. Its surface consists of a 

broadly undulating plateau of basalt, containing few stream C<?urses, but many 

coulees. 

The county contains no timber whatever, except strips of willow, alder, and 

aspen along the few streams. 

ASOTIN COUNTY. 

This is the southeasternmost eounty of the State. It consists mainly of the 

undulating, timberless, basalt plain of Snake River, but into its western.edge extends 

the end of a spur from Blue Mountains, which bears some timber. 

Classification of lands in Asotin County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ________ •... ___ . ____ . ___________________ .. _ .. _______ .... ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 631 

Merchantable-timber are:;~. _ .. ___ ... _. ___________________ .. ___ .... ______ . _ ... _ 105 

Timberless area ... _ •... ____ ._ .... ___ . _______________________ . _ .. __ .. _....... 520 

Cut area •.•• _ ....... _ ...• _ ••.... _____ . ________ . _______ ... __ . ______ ... __ ...•• 6 

Estimate of timber in Asotin County. 

M feet B. M. 

Pine·-------------------------------------------------------------------- 47,640 

Red fir ••••• _ •.•••..•..... _ ....•.•.. __ . ____ . ___ . ___ ....•. _ ... __ ... _ ..• _ . • 15,880 

Larch .... _ ..•.....................•. ___ . ______ . ____ .. _ .. ·_ ... _. _ ... _. _ .. _ 7,940 

White fir •.........••..... __ .... _ ... ___ . ___ .. _ .. ___ . _ ... ___ ... _ . _ . __ . • . • . 7, 940 

Total. __ .... _ ........... _ ... ____ .. _ .... __ ... _ ..... _. _ .............. 79,400 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 1,200. 

Besides the above there is on the cut area a small amount, estimated at 2,000,000 

feet, still standing, which, added to the above estimate, gives a total of 81,400 M 

feet B. M. for the county. 

CHEHALIS COUNTY. 

This county borders upon the Pacific Ocean, and on the north extends far up 

into the Olympic Mountains. The northern portion is high and rugged, and in other 

portions there are numerous small prairie tracts. Aside from these areas the county 

was originally heavil,r forested, mainly with fir in the interior and with spruce and 

cedar upon the coast. There have been few fires in this county~ and the burned area 

is trifling. Lumbering has, however, been carried on extensively upon the streams 

flowing into Grays Harbor, and especially upon Chehalis River, nearly one-tenth of 

the timbered area of the county having been denuded of its forests. 
16 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

Classification of lands in Chehali,s County. 

Square miles. 

Total area------------------------------------------------·--·------------ 1,968 

Merchantable-timber area _. _____ . _ •.. _ ... _ ... __ . _ . ____ .. _ ...... __ .. . . . . . . . 1, 714 

Barren and rocky_ .•...................... _ ................ ___ .. _._. __ .___ 42 

Burned area .. __ .. _________ .. __ ... _ .•.. _ . ____ .... ____ . ____ .. ___________ . _ _ 60 . 

Mountain meadows _. _________ . ___ .. _. _. _____ . _____ .... _ .. __ .. _ ... __ . ___ . _ 12 

Cutarea---------------------------·-·-··----····------------------------- 140 

Estimate of timber in Chehalis County. 

M feet B. M. 

Red fir_ .... _ .. ____ ... _ ... __ .• _ .• _ •...•...• _ .•••• _ ... ___ .• _ ••• __ .... _ 10, 957, 668 

Spruce ____ . _. __ . ____ . ___ . _ . _. _ . __ .. _ . ___ ..... __ .. ____ .• __ .. ____ .. _ _ _ 3, 165, 557 

Cedar _ ... __________ .• __ . __ ... _____ ..•••..• _. _ .... _ .. _ .. _. _. _____ ... _ 4, 759, 920 

Hemlock . __________________________________ • _____________________ ... 6, 649, 683 

Lovely fir • ___ .. _________ ••• _____ . ____________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 100, 000 

Total ••• ______ . ______ . __________ . ______________ ••• ~ _______ . ____ 27, 632, 828 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 25,000. 

CHELAN COUNTY. 

This county has been recently formed from parts of Kittitas and Okanogan counties. It lies upon the slope of the Cascade Range, extending eastward to Columbia 

River. Much the larger part of its area is mountainous, and is sparsely timbered, 

mainly with yellow pine. 

Classification of lands in Chelan County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _______ • _ • ______ . __ . __ • _ .. ___________ . ________________ .- ___ . __ • _ _ _ 3, 070 

Merchantable-timber area .. ____ . _____ . _______________________ . __ ... __ .. __ . 2, 665 

Timberless area . ____________________ . ____ . __________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ 282 

Burned area _ . _ . ____ . _____ •. ____ .• ________ . ___________________ . _____ . _ _ _ _ _ 97 

Cut area. _ .. ___________ •• ____ ••••••• ________ . _____ .. _ •• _ .• __________ • _ . _ _ _ 26 

Estimate of timber in Chelan County. 

M feet B. M. 

Yell ow pine _______ • _________ • ____ . _____ •. __ . ______________ . _______ . __ . 2, 440, 067 

Red fir ... _ . ____ . ___________ • _ •• ____ • _______ ••• · _________________ . ____ . _ 377, 443 

Tamarack _______ • ____ ••• _ •• ____ ~ ___ •.• _ • __ ·- _______ . ______ . __ . __ .... _ . . 78, 450 

Cedar .••• ____ .. _. ____ . __ .. _. _. _. _. __ .. ___ ... _________ . __________ . _ _ _ _ _ 47, 070 

Lodgepole pine .. _________ .. ________________ . __ . _____ . _______ .. __ • _ _ _ _ _ _ 18, 497 

White fir. ________ . __ . _ • _________ • _______________________ . _ . _ .......... _ 31, 380 

Other species . _ ... ____ .• ___ . _ ..... _ .. _ ...•.. __ ..•.•.. _ • _ ... _ •.. _ . ___ . _ _ _ 102, 523 

Total .. __ . _ .... _ ... _ .•.. _______ .... ________ ....••••• _ ••••••. ~ . • • 3, 095, 430 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 1,810. 
CLALLAM AND CLARKE COUNTIES. 17 

CLALLAM COUNTY. 

This county occupies tbe northern part of the Olympic Peninsula. The southern 

portion of the county comprises a part of the Olympic Mountains. The remainder 

of the area was heavily forested, but the ax has made inroads into the forests along 

the shores of Puget Sound as far west as Crescent Bay, and fires have extended 

inland from these cuttings to the mountains, destroying considerable areas of timber. 

The western part of the county is still an unbroken forest. 

The forests of this county are remarkable in the fact that they contain a large 

proportion of hemlock, the amount of this tree being much greater than that of the 

red fir. 

Cla.ss{fication of lands in Clallam County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ............................................................. _ . . 1, 807 

Merchantable-timber area ................................................. 1, 370 

Rocky and barren ..................................................... ___ . 33 

Burned area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 

Mountain meadows ....................... _ .... _ ...................... _ . . . 48 

Cut area.................................................................. 113 

Prairie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Estimate of timber in Clallam County. 

M feet B. M. 

Red fir ................................................... _. . . . . . . . . . . 6, 482, 650 

Spruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 393, 185 

Cedar ............................. ~................................. 2, 537, 620 

Hemlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 179, 820 

Lovely fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 149,500 

Total .......................................................... 25, 742, 775 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 29,300. 

CLARKE COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southwestern part of the State, bordering on the south 

and west on Columbia River. Originally it was entirely covered with heavy forests, 

with the exception of a few small prairie tracts. 

But little timber has been cut in the county, lumbering being principally confined 

to the line of the Portland, Vancouver and Yakima Railroad, and, on the other 

hand, the timber in more than two-thirds of the county has been destroyed by fire, 

the burned areas lying principally in the southern and western parts, leaving large 

bodies of forest in the eastern part. 

The forest consists almost exclusively of fir, there being very little cedar and 

hemlock, and no spruce whatever. 

9475-No. 5-02-2 
18 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

Classijicatian of lands ·in Clarke County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ....... _· ....... _ .............. ._ ....... __ ........• ___ ....... _ ..... _ 646 

Merchantable-timber area . _ .. _ ...... _. _. _ ........................ _ ...... __ .. 119 

Barren and rocky ................. _ . . . ................................ __ . . . 9 

Burned area ..... _ ......... _ ..... _ .......................... __ ..•... . _ .... _ 498 

Cut area ................ ~................................................... 20 

Estimate of timber in Clarke County. 

M feet B. M. 

Fir ...................... _ ........ __ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697, 092 

Cedar ............. _ ........ __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 460 

Total ....... _ ........ _ ..... __ .............•.............••........ 711, 552 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 9,300. 

COLUMBIA COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southeastern portion of the State. Its southern part is 

occupied by the Blue Mountains, the crest of which runs across the county. Southward they descend rapidly to the canyon of Grande Ronde River and northward to the 

Columbia Plains. The greater part of the county consists of these plains, which are 

timberless, with a broadly undulating surface traversed by few streams. The northwest slope of the Blue :Mountains was formerly well timbered with pine and fir, but 

this has mainly been logged off. The summits of these mountains are sparsely 

timbered, while the s~mthern slopes are timbered quite heavily for this region. 

There have been no burns in the county. 

Class·ijication of lands in Columbia County. 

Square miles. 

Total area .........•............ _.. . . . . • . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876 

Merchantable-timber area .... __ .. _ .....• _ ••• ____ •....... _....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 

Cutarea ..... _______________________________________________________________ 182 

Timberless area ...................... _ •.•...•..• _ . . • . • . • • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 530 

Estimate of timber in Columbia County. 

M feet B. M. 

Pine ... _ .•.••••..... _ . ___ . _ .. _ .....••. __ . __ . _ . ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 109, 500 

Red fir ........... _ . __ .. __ . _ .. _ . _ ..... __ ........... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 500 

Larch ......••..........•.......... _ ...... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 250 

White fir ........ __ .•...•.•.•.......•.•. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 125 

Spruce _ ................••. __ ••.•.•.. _. _ ................ _... . . . . • . . . • . . . . 9, 125 

Total ........ _ ..... __ . _ ... _ .. _ . ____ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 500 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 1, 700. 

Scattered over the cut area is standing timber to the amount of 60 million feet, 

which, added to the above estimate, gives a grand total of 242,500 M feet B. M. for the 

county. 
COWLITZ AND DOUGLAS COUNTIES. 19 

COWLITZ COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southern part of the State, being limited on the south 

by Lewis and Columbia rivers. The eastern portion of the county comprises the 

western slopes of Mount St. Helens, and includes a considerable area of rugged 

mountainous country. Aside from this and a few areas of prairie, the county was 

originally covered with fine merchantable forests. ~_,ires have, however, been 

extremely disastrous in this county, destroying the timber on large areas, 

particularly in the eastern and southern parts. Lumbering has been carried on 

along Columbia and Cowlitz rivers, and considerable areas have thus been denuded; 

but this bears little cmnparison to the areas denuded by fire, which comprise fully 

one-third of the portion originally eoverecl by merchantable forest:o;. 

Classificatiou of lands in Cowlitz County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ............ _ ........................................ _ ....... _ . . l, 14.5 

Merchantable-timber area .. · .................. _ ......... _ ..... __ ..... _..... 646 

Barren and rocky _ .. ____ .... ___ ........ _____ . __ . ________________ . __ .. __ . . . 32 

Burned area . ____ . _ . _ .. _ ... _ . __ . __ . ______ . __ . _ . _ ..... __ ........... _ . . . . . . . 385 

Cut area .. _ ... __ . _ . _____ ... _ .. _____ . __ .. _ ...... _ . _ .. ___ ........... _ ..... _ _ 82 

Estimate of timber in Cowlitz County. 

M fl'et B. ~I. 

Fir _____ .. ________ . ____ . __ .. __________ ._. ___ ... ____ .... _____ ._. __ ._ .. _ 5, 683, 311 

Spruce ......... _________ ... _ ... _ .. __ . ______ ..... _ .. __ .. ___ .. ___ .. _... 1, 089 

Cedar __ ... __ . _ . _ . ___ . __ .. _ ..... _ . ____ . __ ..... _ ..... _______ .. ___ .. ___ . 786, 691 

Hemlock ... __ ....... _ . __ ..... ____ . __ ..... _ . __ . __ ....... _ ... ____ .. _ . . . 953, 430 

Larch _ . _ .. ___ .. _ . __ ............... _ ... _ . __ .. ___ ...... _ ... _____ . ___ . _ . 68, 126 

Total .. _. __ .. _ .. ____ ._. __ . ______ ._ .. _ .. ____ ... _._._. __ .. __ .. _ ... 7, 492, 647 

Avera~e stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 17,800 

DOUGLAS COUNTY. 

This county lies a little east of the center of the State, its area being comprised 

entirely within the great plains of the Columbia. It is bordered on the north and 

west by Columbia _River, flowing in a deep and narrow valley. The surface of the 

county is broadly undulating, consisting of a basalt plateau, intersected by coulees and 

stream canyons. It is almost entirely treeless, only about 1 per cent of its area being 

timbered, the timbered areas lying in narrow strips on the edge of the plateau near 

Columbia River. Along Columbia River, between Wenache and Virginia, are a few 

scattered pines and firs. 

Classificalion of lands in Douglas County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ...................... ___ ......... _ ....... _ .. _ .. __ ... ____ ... _ . _ . 4, 76~ 

Merchantable-timber area _ .. ______ ....... _ .. ___ . _ . ___ . _ . _. _ .. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 

Cut area _________ ... ____________ . ____ . __ .. _______________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 

Timberless area_. ______________________ . ____________________________ •. __ .. 4, 7];) 
20 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

Estimate of timber in Douglas County. 

M feetB.M. 

Yell ow pine ........ _ . _ ....... __ .... __ ............ _ ...•••• _ •• _ • ________ . . 23, 250 

Fir ........ _ ... _ . ___ ....... _ .. _ . __ ........ _ ........ __ .. _ .. _ •.• _ •••..... _. 7, 750 

Total ..... _ .................................... _. _ ..... ___ . __ . _. _.. 31, 000 

Average stand per aere of timbered land in feet B.l\L, 1,000. 

FERRY COUNTY. 

This is a new county, formed in 1899 from the western part of Stevens County, 

in the northeastern part of the State. Its surface is almost entirely m~untainom~ 

and broken~ and is throughout covered with timber, although the timber is 

nowhere dense. But one burn of any magnitude has occurred in the county in 

recent times, and no appreciable amount of timber has been cut. 

C1ass·ification of lands in Ferry County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ..... _ ................. __ .......... _ .. ____ .. _ ..... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 313 

Merchantable-timber area ........ _ ... __ . _ ... ___ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 270 

Burned area ........................ _ . _ .............. -. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Timberless area ........ __ ... _. _ .. __ ...... _....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 

Estimate of timber in Ferry County. 

Pine ............ - - --.. - -- - - - - --- - - ----------- -------- --- ------ ---- ---

Fir_ .. _ ............. _ ......... _ .................................. -... . 

Larch ..... ___ ... __ .. ___ .... _ . __ .. __ . __ . __ . __ . _ ...... ___ .. _ .... __ . ___ . 

M feet B. M. 

999,900 

333,300 

333,300 

Total ............................................ _ ....... _ ...... 1, 666, 500 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 1,200. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY. 

This county, which lies in the southeastern part of the State, in the angle between 

Snake River and the Columbia, is utterly timberless. 

GARFIELD COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southeastern part of the State, extending from Snake 

River southward to the Oregon line. The southern part includes a narrow section 

of the Blue Mountains. These are forested except on the northern slope, which has 

been largely cut over. The northern portion of the county is comprised in the 

undulatmg plain of Snake River and is timberless. 

Classification of lands in Garfield County. Square miles. 

Total area ..................... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 

Merchantable-timber area ................................................... 128 

Cut area .. _ ........... _ .... _ ...... _. _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 

Timberless area .•.••...•••..••....•••.•.••••••••••.••••••.•••....•...••••••. 527 
lSLAND AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. 2i 

E~timrrte of tirnber in Ga1jield County. 

M. feet B. M. 

Pine _____ . ___ ................. __ ............ _ . __ ... _ .. ___ ........ _ . . . . . . 89, 820 

Red fir _____________________ . ______ .... _____ . _. _ .... __________ . __ .. __ . _.. 29, 940 

IJarch ________ . __________________________ . ________________ . __ .. ___ . . . . . . . 14, 970 

\Vhite fir __________ .. _. _. _ . _. _. _____ . _______ . ___ . _.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 485 

Spruce ........................... _...................................... 7, 485 

Total ................. _ ........ _ ............ _,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 700 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 2,000. 

Scattered over the cut area is standing timber to the amount of about 20 million 

feet, whieh, added to the above figures, givef-1 a total for the county of 169,700 M 

feet B. M. 

ISLAND COUNTY. 

This comprises a group of islands in the northern part of Puget Sound, including Whidby and Camano isl~nds. These islands originally were entirely covered 

with fir forests, but have been almost completely denuded by the ax. 

ClaRsijication of lands in I.~lwul County. 

Square miles. 

Total area, all logged. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 

Estimate of timber in Island County. 

M feet B. M. 

Fir .......................................... _ ....... __ •..... _ .. ______ . . 250, 000 

Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180, 000 

Total ............................................................. 430, 000 

The above timber is reported as still standing on culled land. 

JEFFERSON COUNTY. 

This county lies on the Olympic Peninsula, stretching from Hood Canal on 

the east to the Pacific Ocean. The central portion of the county, comprising threefourths of it, lies within the Olympic Mountains and contains much rugged country 

on which the stand of timber is light. Elsewhere the county was formerly heavily 

forested-on the east with fir, on the west mainly with cedar and spruce. The timber 

of the eastern portion has been largely destroyed, either by the ax or by fire, mainly 

by the latter. The timber in the western portion of the county has as yet suffered 

little from either cause. 

The forests of this county are remarkable because of the large proportion of 

hemlock and lovely fir, more than half the forest being of these species, while of fir, 

elsewhere the most abundant species, there is comparatively little. 
22 THE FORESTS Olf W .ASHINGTON. 

Classification of lmuls in Jefferson County. 

Square miles. 

Total area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 765 

Merchantable-timber area ................................................. 1, 211 

Rocky and barren. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 

Burned area ................ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 

Mountain meadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 

Cut area .............................. _..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~1 

Estimate of timber in Je.fj'erson County. M feet B. M. 

Red fir ....................................... :. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 033, 175 

Rpruce ... _. _ ................. __ ........... _ ......... _,_ .. _ ..... ___ .. 843,250 

Cedar . _ ..................... _____ ............ __ . _ . _ ............. _ . . . 2, 712, 790 

Hetnlock ..................... _ ....... __ ............................. 8, 920,140 

Lovely fir ................ _ .......... _............................... 5, 182,000 

Total. ..................... __ ....... _ ............ _ ............. 20,691,355 

Average f'!tand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 2G,700. 

KING COUNTY. 

This county is in the middle of the State uorth and south, and extends from the 

crest of the Cascade Range westward to the shores of Puget Sound. l\lluch of the 

eastern part of the county lies high up in the Cascade Range, where the stand of 

timber is light. Aside from this and a few trifling areas of prairie, the county was 

originally heavily forested, but the forests have been largely removed by fire and the 

ax. The latter has taken the timber from Vashon and Maury islands, from the 

shores of Puget Sound and of Lakes Washington and Sammamish, and from a broad 

belt along the line of the Northern Pacific Railway, together with other smaller areas 

in the interior of the county. Fires have done a vast amount of damage in various 

parts of the county, mainly in its central portion, although the mountainous regions 

haye not escaped injury. 

Classification of land.s in King County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ..................................... _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 051 

Merchantable-timber area ....................................... __ __ __ __ __ 1, 289 

Burned area .......................... _ ................ _ ............ _ . . . . . 393 

Bare area ...................................... _ .................... __ . _ . . 8 

Cut area ........................................ _ ..................... _. . . 361 

Estimate of timber in King County. M feet B. M. 

Red fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 306, 494 

Hemlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 712, 971 

Cedar _. __ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 555, 209 

Engehnann spruce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ . 

Lovely fir .................. _ ....... _ ....................... _ .... _ .. . 

348,103 

439,821 
kiTSAP AND KITTITAS COUNTIES. 

Estimate of timlJer ·in King Cmmty-Continued. 

White fir. ___ ._ .. _______________ .. ____ . _________ . _________________ ... 

''rhite pine _______________ . ______ . _____________________________ . ____ _ 

Noble fir ________________ . __________________________________________ _ 

Other species ___ ....... _ ........ _ ........... --.. - - -.. - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - -

f 

M feet B. M. 

75,233 

130,577 

29,366 

259,657 

Total. _______________________ . ____ . ___ . ______ . _____ ..•..• _ _ _ _ _ _ 11, 857, 431 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 14,300. 

KITSAP COUNTY. 

23 

This county occupies the northern part of the peninsula separating Hood Canal 

from Puget Sound. It was originally entirely covered with heavy fir forests. These 

have been removed almost completely by the ax from the shores and the islands 

bordering them. Only a trifling area in the southern portion of the county has 

been burned, while nearly half the area has been logged. The standing timber 

consists entirely of fir. 

Classification of lands in K1~tsap County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ___ • _ . _________ .. ___ ·- . _____ .. _ . ______ . _ .... ___ ..... _ .... _ .. __ ... _. 407 

Merchantable-timber area ____ . __ .. __ .. _. _ ..... _ .... _ ................. _ ... - _. 210 

Cut area. ____________ . __ . __ .... _. __ .. _____________ . ___ ._ ......... _ .......... 175 

Burned area . __________ . _____ .. ________ . ______ . ___ ..... _ ......... _ ... _ ... -. . 22 

E.9timate of tim,ber in Kitsap G'ounty. 

M feet B. M. 

Fir ____ .. __ ..... _ .... _. ___ ._. ____ ..... ______ . ________ .. _. ____ . ___ . ____ 1, 140, 900 

Average stand per aere of timbered land in feet B. M., 9,000. 

KITTITAS COUNTY. 

This county lies in the middle of the State north and south, and stretches from 

Columbia River to the crest of the Cascade Range. The southeastern portion of the 

county is within the plains region, while the western portion comprises high and 

rugged mountain spurs. The plains portion is without timber, excepting a narrow 

strip along Yakima River. The mountain portion is timbered, but by no means 

heavily, with yellow pine, fir, and larch. Some timber has been cut from this area, 

especially west of Ellensburg, and in patches in the mountains in the neighborhood 

of the Northern Pacific Railway. The burned areas are trifling in extent. 

Classification of lands in Kitti.tas County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ___ . ____ .. ___________ . ______ . _. ___________ ... _______________ • _. _ 2, 414 

Merchantable-timber area ___ . __ . _ .. _ .. _ ... _______ .. __ ... ___ . __ .... _ .. _ . . . . 941 

Burned area._ .•.. _____ .. _ .. __ . _______ ._. _______ .... ___ . ___ .______________ 118 

Timberless area ___ . ___ . ____ . _________ . ___ . ____ ._ ... _______ . _____ . ________ . 1, 261 

Cut area ••••••... _ ... _ .. ___ ... _ . ___ .. ___ .. _ . ____ ... _ •... _ • ____ • _ . ___ . _ . . . . 94 
24 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

Estimate of timber in Kittitas County. 

M feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ____________________________ ... __ .. ____ . __ ._. __ . _____ ._. __ 1, 349,200 

Red fir _________ .. _ .. __ . __ . _ .. _____________________________ .. _______ . _ 546, 556 

Hemlock _____________________________________________ . ___ . _____ . _. __ . 265, 911 

Tamarack _______ . ____ . ___________________________________ . __ . ___ . _ _ _ _ 150, 645 

White fir _____ . _____________ _'. _________ . ____________________________ . _ 

Cedar _________ -.- ____________________________________________________ _ 

Lovely fir ___________________________________________________________ _ 

Other species ________________________ . __________ .. _ . ___ -. -- - ------ ----

520,000 

131,000 

78,000 

130,000 

Total. _________________________________________________________ . ~), 171, 312 

Average staml per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 5,260. 

KLICKITAT COUNTY. 

This county occupies a long, narrow strip bordering upon Columbia River. 

Its western end is in the foothills of the Cascade Range, whence it stretches far 

eastward into the plains. The western portion of the county is timbered, and in 

eertain small areas heavily so. The eastern portion, comprising by far the largest 

part of the county, is without forests. A few small areas have been cut, and at 

the western end of the county the great burns of the adjoining county, Skamania, 

have extended into it. These burns have occurred in recent years and restocking 

is only just commencing upon them. 

Cla.~s~fication of lands in Klickitat County. Square miles. 

Total area. _________________________________ . _____ ........ ____ .. ___________ 2, 079 

Merchantable-timber area __ ._ .. _____ . ___ . ________ .. __________ . ___ . _______ . 825 

Burned area ... ___ . _ .. _ ...... __________ ................. _ ....... ___ .. ___ . . 31 

Cut area ....... _ ....... __ ..... _ ..... ___ . _ . _ .... _ ... _ .. _ ... _ . _ .. __ .. _____ . 26 

Timberless area_ .. ___ . _____ .... ____ . ___ .... . ·- ___ .... __ ............ _ .. _ ... 1, 197 

Estimate of timber in Klickitat County. 

M feet B. M. 

Red fir .. _____ . ________ . ______________ ... _ ........ _ ... _____ ... _ . _ . ___ . _ . 336, 300 

Pine . __ .. _ .. _. ___ . __ . _ .. ___ . _ , ________ . _ . _ .... _ .... _ . __ ..... __ . _. ___ .. _ 321, 100 

Hmnlock . __ . __ ... _ ..... _ ..... __ .. __ ... _ .............. _ ... ____ .. __ .... _ . 71, 400 

Larch ____ ......... __ ........ ___ . ______ . ____ .. __ ........ _ ......... _ .. _. . 10, 500 

Oak .. _ ....... __ ... _ ......... _ .... _ ... _ .. _ ....... __ ................. _ _ _ _ 3, 700 

Total. _ .. _ . _ ...... __ . _____ .. __ .. _ .. ____ ..... __ ..... __ .... _ . ___ . _ _ _ 7 43, 000 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. 1\I., 1, 400. 

LEWIS COUNTY. 

This county is situated in· the southwestern part of the State, and extends from 

the crest of the Cascade Range on the east to the Coast Range on the west, including 

the valley of Cowlitz River. A considerable portion of its area, therefore, is included 
LEWIS AND LINCOLN COUNTIES. 25 

within the Cascade Range, where the stand of tilnber is light. There are many 

prairies scattered over its surface, which further reduce the original area of 

merchantable timber. 

The timber upon more than one-third of the area of this county has been hurned, 

the burned areas lying mainly in the eastern half of the county, though they are not 

by any means confined to this part. The cutting of timber has been carried on 

mainly in the neighborhood of the Northern Pacific Railway, which traverses the 

county fron1 north to south. 

Classification of lands in Lewis County. 

Square miles. 

Total area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 336 

Merchantable-timber area ........................... _ ..................... 1, 396 

Rocky and barren ................................ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Timberless area........................................................... 45 

Burned area .................. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 

Cut area............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 

Estimate of timbe1· in Lewi3 County. 

M feet B.M. 

Red fir ........ _ ............ _ ......... _ ......... __ .. _ ......... _ .. _... R, 848, 113 

Hemlock .. _ ......... _ ........ _ .. _ ....... _ ....... _ ............ _...... 929, 755 

Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 118, 97 5 

White fir .................... _ •....... _.............................. 158, 941 

Noble fir ........................... _ ............................... . 

Alaska cedar ....................................................... . 

Larch ................................. ~ ............................ . 

Other species ..............•.......... _ .......................•...... 

143,491 

18,451 

1,406 

159,030 

TotaL ............ _ ..... ~ ...................................... 11, 378, 162 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 12,800. 

LINCOLN COUNTY. 

This county lies in the eastern portion of the State, upon the great plains of the 

Columbia, and is bordered on the north by Columbia and Spokane rivers. Its surface is a broad, undulating, basalt plain, traversed by a few stream courses and numerous coulees. The timber consists mainly of yellow pine, and is found in the northern 

part of the county, near Columbia and Spokane rivers. Formerly it extended in a 

continuous belt across the county in the neighborhood of these streams, but most of 

it has been cut away for cord wood and saw logs. The stand is very light. 

Classification of lands in Lincoln County. Square miles. 

T )tal area ... _ ............................. _ .. _... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 299 

Merchantable-timber area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 

Cut area ... _ ..... __ ... _ .... _ ... __ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 

Timberless area •..••............................•..•.•••••••••.••..••••... 2, 036 
1'1IE FOR:E~STS OF WASHINGTON~ 

Estimate of timber in Lincoln County. 

Mfeet B. M. 

Pine __ . _ .•••••••••.•••••...•. _ .••• _. __ •. _ .. _ ••• __________ ••••••••••• _ _ _ _ 10, 200 

Fir._._ ..... __ ._ .• __ ... _._ •.• _______ . _____ ._ ••. __ . __ ._ .•. ___ . __ ••. _ .. ___ . 1, 800 

Total. _ .... __ .. ________ . ____________ • _____________ • _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 12, 000 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 300. 

Scattered over the cut area is a little standing timber, amounting to about 

2,000,000 feet, which, added to the above estimate, gives a total of 14,000 M feet 

B. M. for the county. 

MASON COUNTY. 

This county includes the southeastern part of the Olympic Mountains and much 

of the country bordering Hood Canal. With the exception of a few small prairie 

tracts, it was originally heavily timbered. Fires have done little damage, but timber cutting has been extensive. The forests have been removed from the shores of 

Hood Canal and other inlets from Puget Sound, as well as from much of the interior 

of the county; indeed, it appears that nearly two-fifths of the area has been logged. 

The forest consists almost entirely of fir, the amount of other species being 

trifling. 

Cla.~sification of lands in Mason County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _ ... _ . _ ... ____ . ___ . ______ . __________ . _ . __ . __ . __ . _ . __________ . _ . _ . . 993 

Merchantable-timber area ______ ... ___ ...... _______ . _ ..... ____ ..... ______ .... 729 

Barren and rocky .. _ . _ ... _ .. ___ .. _ . ________ . _ . _ ........ _ • _ .. _ .... __ . __ . . . . . . 20 

Burned area __ ... __ . _____ . _ .. _ . _ . ____ . ___ .. __ .. _ .... _ ... __ . __ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . . . . . 31 

Mountain 1neadows .. __ .. ________ .. ___ . _____ ... ___ . _ .. _____ . ____ . _ ..... _ .. _ _ 14 

Cut area __ .... _ .. ____ . _ . _ . _ .. __ .. ___ . _ . ·_ . _ . _____ .... __ .. _ .. ________ . ___ ... _ _ 199 

E.stimate of th:~ber ht Ma8on County. 

M feet B. M. 

Red fir __ . _ .. _ ......... _ . ___ . __ .. ___________ . _ ......... _ .. ___ ... __ . _ . . 4, 953, 121 

Spruce .. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ .. __ .. __ .. _________________ .. __ . ______ •. ___ . _ . _ . _ .. _ ' 8, 492 

Cedar .. ____ . __ . ________ ..... ___ . _ .... _ .. __ . __ .. __ .. _ . __ . . . . . • • • • • . . . . 437, 778 

Hemlock .. _____ ... _ .. ___ ... _ . _ .. _ .......... __ •.... __ . __ ..... _ .... _ . . . 1, 17 4, 038 

Lovely fir . _ . _____ ... ______________________________________ ... ___ .. _ . _ 456, 000 

Total _ . ____ . __________ . ______________________ . _____ . ___ . ___ . ___ . 7, 029, 429 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 15,000. 

OKANOGAN COUNTY. 

This large county lies in the northern part of the State, along the Canadian 

border, and about midway between the east and west boundaries. A large part of 

the county is comprised within the limits of the Washington Forest Reserve, where 

the stand of timber is light. Most of the remaining part of the county 1S timbered 

but little. It is, in the main, a mountainous region, containing, however, the broad 
OKANOGAN AND PACIFIC COUNTIES. 27 

valley of Okanogan River, which traverses it from north to south, while along the 

southern edge flows Columbia River in a narrow valley. No lumbering has been 

carried on in the county, and the forests have not suffered in recent times by fire. 

Classification of lands in Okanogan County. Square miles. 

Total area _____________________ . _ .. ________ ... ______________ .. ____ ... ___ . . 5, 318 

Timbered area .. _ .......... _ ... ______ ..... _ .... __ ....... _ .... _ ..... _ ...... 4, 468 

Timberless area ........................................... ___ ............. 850 

Estimate of timber in Okanogan County. 

M feet B. M. 

Yellow pine ••....... __ ....•••... __ . _. _ .. _. _ ........•••. _ ........ __ .. . 2, 765, 060 

Fir ••••...• _ ...•.••.•.. __ •...........•.•.•.. __ .• _.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533, 100 

Larch .... ___ .. _ ......... _ ..•.... _ ... _ .. _ .......... _ ...... _ . . . . . . . . . . . 533, 100 

Total ............ _. _ ...................... _ ..... _ ..... _ ....... __ 3, 831, 260 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 1,340. 

PACIFIC COUNTY. 

This is the southwesternmost county of the State, bordering upon the Pacific 

Ocean and Columbia River. In the interior its surface is somewhat broken by the 

Coast Range, although the relief is nowhere great. It is drained by Willapa and 

Nasel rivers. 

Originally the entire surface, with the exception of a few sandy tracts near the 

coast, was covered with fine forests, composed almost entirely of fir in the interior 

and of cedar and spruce near the coast. 

Logging has been carried on along the two rivers above mentioned, and to some 

extent immediately on· the eoast. Altogether only an area of 42 square miles has 

been logged. 

Fires have not been especially prevalent or destructive in this eounty, having 

destroyed the timber upon an area of only 59 square miles .. 

Classification of lands in Pacific County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ....... _ .•.......... _ ................. _ ..•.......•... _ . . . . . . . . • • • • 925 

Merchantable-timber area ..........••.•..•.••....•..•..... _ . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . 764 

Cut area ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • . • . • . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . • . . . 56 

Titnberless area......... . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . 40 

Burned area . ___ ........... _ • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . 65 

Estimate of timber in Pacific County. MfeetB. M. 

Fir .••. _ .... _ .................................. _ ... _ . • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • 5, 498, 224 

Spruce ............................................. _ . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 814, 953 

Cedar ..... _ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·713, 238 

Hemlock ..........•.........•. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 786, 652 

Total ........ _ .............................. __ . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • . . . 7, 813, 067 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 16,300. 
28 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

l'IERCE COUNTY. 

This, one of the western counties of the State, extends from the crest of the 

CaRcade Range westward to Puget Sound, and includes several islands in the sound. 

In the east it includes Moun~ Rainier, with an altitude exceeding 14,500 feet, from 

whose summit radiate great areas of snow and ice. A large area in the eastern part 

of this county, lying high up in the range, is sparsely timbered. A considerable area 

has been logge.d, including nearly all of the islands, large tracts around the city of 

Taeoma, and others along White and Puyallup rivers. 

This county has been singularly free from fires, only a trifling area having as yet 

been burned. There are, however, large tracts covering many scores of square miles 

south ofthe eity of Tacoma which are naturally timberless. 

Cla:;;:rijication of lands 'in Pierce County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ____________ . __________________ . _______________ .. __________ . _. __ 1, 554 

Merchantable-timber area ____ . _ .. ___ . _ ... ___ _ 

Uocky and barren .... __ . ______ .... _________ ._ 

Thn berless area _ . __ . ____ . _ .. __ . ____ .. ____ . _ _ _ _ __________________________ . 

1,079 

40 

159 

76 

200 

Burned area ______ -.- _. __ .. _ .. _ ... _. _ ... _. _ _ _ _ _ ____ . ___ .. - --.--- ..... ------

Cut area. ____ .. __ .. ___ .... ___ .. _____ . ___ .. ____ . __ .. _____ .•..•. ___________ _ 

Estimate of timber in Pierce County. 

M feet B. M. 

Red fir _ .. __ . _____ . _ .. ___ .. _ . ___________ ... ___________ . __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, 798, 950 

Spruce ... __ . _________ . ________ .. ____ . __ .. _____ . _________ • ________ ... 200,. 871 

Cedar ... ___ . _____________ . __ . ___ . ____ ... ____ . ____ .. ______________ . _. 1, 192, 539 

Hemlock ___ ... ____ ... ____ .. ___ .............. _ . _ ... - --. __ - -.... -. - - - -

White pine .... ___ . ____ ..•. ___ . ____ .... _ .. ___ .. _ ... ___________ . _ ..... 

Noble fir _ .. _____ . _______ .. ___ . _____ . __ . ___ . ________________________ . 

vVhi te fir _ . ___ . _________________________ . ________________ . __________ _ 

Alaska cedar __ .... _____ .. _ .. ____________ . ___ .. ___ . __________________ . 

Other species. ____________ . _______ .. ____________ . ___________________ . 

2,099,780 

86,878 

93,458 

61,565 

94,034 

240,365 

Total. _________ . _ ..... ____ . ________ ~ ______________ . ____ . _ . ___ . . 10, 868, 440 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 15,700. 

SAN JUAN COUNTY. 

This, one of the northwestern counties of the State, is composed entirely of 

islands in Puget Sound, the principal of which are San Juan, Orcas, Lopez, Blakely, 

Shaw, and Waldron. 

All these islands were originally covered with a heavy forest, eomposed of red 

fir almost exclusively, but, being easily accessible, the entire area has been logged. 
SKAGIT AND SKAMANIA COUNTIES. 29 

SKAGIT COUNTY. 

This is in the northwestern portion of the State, and extends from the erest of 

the Caseade Range to Puget Sound~ ineluding a number of islands in the sound. 

The eastern portion, ineluding mueh more than half the county, being mountain0us, 

has a light stand of timber. The western portion, eomprising perhap~ one-third of 

the county, was formerly entirely forested, with the exception of a consider&.hle 

tract of prairie about the mouth of Skagit River. 

There have been no fires of magnitude within the eounty, but logging has been 

extensively carried on. The islands have been cleared entirely, and the lands in the 

neighborhood of the coast and the immediate valley of Skagit River have been 

cleared as far up as the mouth of the Sank. 

Classification of lands in Skagit County. 

Square miles. 

Total area. ____ . ____ ........ _ ...... __ .... _ ........ _ .......... _ ........ -_-. 1, 874 

Merchantable-timber area _ .......... ___ ........ _ ....... -- ......... -- ..... - 1, 576 

Burned area •.. _ ... _ . __ .. _ ..... _ . __ .. __ ........ _ . __ .... _ - - _ .......... - - - - . 12 

Cut area ........ __ .. __ .. _ .... _ .... _. _ .. _ . _ ........ ____ .... _. ___ . _. _ ... __ . _ 196 

Timberless area ... ________ .. _ ..... _ ................. ___ ._._. ___ ... _ .. _____ 90 

Estimate of timber in Skagit County. 

M feet B.M. 

Fir_._._._. _ .. _________ . ________ .... _ ..... _ .... ___ .. _ .. __ -. ___ ... ___ . _ 6, 297, 350 

Cedar _ .. _ . __ ... __ . __ . __________ . _ . _ .... __ .. _ . _ ... ___ .. ________ . __ . . . 2, 716, 326 

Hemlock ____________________ .. ___ .... _. _ .... _. _ ... _ .. _. ________ . _... 1, 900, 339 

Spruce __ . __ . __ . ____ . _____ . _. _. _ ... __ .... · .... _. _ .. _ ... __ . _. ___ .. __ . _. 184,096 

Total ..... ______ . ____________________ ... _._._.~ __ .. ___________ . 11,098, 111 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 11,000. 

SKAMANIA COUNTY. 

This county is in the southern portion of the State, bordering on Columbia 

River, and extending thence northward well into the Cascade Range. In the northwestern portion of the county is the extinct volcano of St. Helens, while well into 

the northeast extend the western spurs of Mount Adams. The northern portion of 

the county is therefore extremely rugged, mountainous, and elevated, and the spurs 

from these mountains extend southward nearly to Columbia River. 

The northern half of the county has a light stand of n1erchantable timber, 

although, with the exception of the summits of the highest mountains, which are 

above timber line, it is wooded. The southern half was at one time quite heavily 

timbered, especially toward the west. In recent years, however, fires have destroyed 

the timber in more than half the area of the county. The fires have invaded the 

eastern and western portions, leaving between them a narrow belt of forests, together 
30 'l'BE !fORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

with a broad strip along Columbia River; indeed, the timber upon more than half 

the area of the county has been thus destroyed. 

But little of the timber of this county has been eut. Logging operations extend 

along Columbia River across the county, reaching perhaps a mile back from the river 

and up a few of the streams flowing into it. 

The forests of this county eonsist largely of fir and hemlock. The nmount of 

cedar is trifling, and there is no spruce. 

Classification of lands iu Skamania County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ...•••..•••..• __ ........• _ • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7 43 

Merchantable-timber area._ .. _. __ ............ ___ .......................... 1, 209 

Burned area ...•.. ____ ••...... __ ................................. _ ...... _ . 459 

Timberless area. __ . ___ ._._. ___ .. _. __ ._._ ...... _ .... _ ........ _............. 44 

Cut area._ ••• _ •• ___ ._ •.. _ .• __ . ____ .. _ ...... _ .. _ ......... _................. 31 

Estimate of timber in Skamania County. 

l\1 feet B. M. 

Red fir _ .• _______ .. ____ ...... ___ . _ . ___ . _ ............. __ ........... _ . . 6, 117, 212 

Cedar ..... __ ... _. _. _. _ ... __ ....... __ .. _ .. __ • __ .. __ ......... . . . . . . . . . 455, 115 

Hemlock . __ .•......... _ .... _ ......... _ ............................. . 

Noble fir ___ ... _ . _ ... _ . ___ ....... __ .. _ . _ ... _ . . . . _ . _ ................ . 

Lovely fir _ ..... _ . ___ ........ __ .. _. __ ......... _ ... _ . _ ............... . 

Tamarack ............... __ ....... _ ....... _ ...... _ .................. . 

White fir . _ .. ___ ... _ ... _______ .. ___ .... __ . ___ . _ .. ____ .. _ . __ .. _ . _ . _ ... . 

Yellow pine .. _ ..... __ . ____ ... _ .. ___ . __ .. ___ . _ • __ ..... _ . ___ . ___ . __ . __ 

White pine •. _ .. ___ ................... ___ .... _ .... ___ ............... . 

Larch . __ .•. _ .. __ ... _____________ . __ .. __ . _ . _____ . _________ . ______ ~ _ . _ 

Other species ......• _ •.•. _ ..• __ . _ ••• _ •.• __ .•..• _ • _ ......... -........ . 

1,948,042 

980,065' 

639,605 

539,290 

295,207 

230,845 

229,573 

12, 700 

423,161 

Total __________________________________________________________ 11,870,815 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 15,300. 

SNOHOMISH COUNTY. 

This county extends from the crest of the Cascade Range to Puget Sound. The 

eastern part is composed of high and rugged mountains, with a light stand of timber. 

The western half was originally forested, with the exception of a few tracts of 

prairie. Logging has, however, been carried on extengively in this county, twofifths of the area formerly timbered having been stripped by the ax. Burns have 

not been extensive or destructive. 

Classification of lands in Snohomish County. Square miles. 

Total area . _. _ •...... _ .................................................... 1, 651 

Merchantable-timber area _ .... _. _ ....... _. _ ........................... -... 1, 252 

Burned area .... ·. _ .. _ .......... _ ........................................ -- 119 

Timberless area .. _ ....... _ ..... _ ...... _ .............................. - ---. 28 

Cut area .. _ .•• _ • __ ................................... --...... -.• -.------- 252 
SPOKANE COUNTY. 

Estimate of timber in Snohomish County. 

M feet B. M. 

Red fir .............. " ...... _. _ ..... _______________________ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7, 356, 337 

Cedar .. __ .. __ . __ . _ . _ . ________________________ . _____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 050, 630 

Hemlock ___________________________________ ~ ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 055, 737 

Lovely fir . ___________________________________________ . _____________ _ 

White fir . __ . ________________ .. ______ .. __ . ____ . ___ . ___ . _ . ___________ _ 

Engelmann spruce _ . ____ . __ . _ .. _________ ... __ .. __ .. ____ ............. _ 

Other species _ . _ . _ .... _____ . _ . _ . ____ . _ . _ . _ .. __ .. ________ ............ . 

214, 742 

64,423 

42,955 

107,371 

Total ... ________ . __________ ... ____ ... __ . _ .. _ ... ___ . _. __ .. ___ ... 10, 892, 195 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 13,500. 

SPOKANE COUNTY. 

31 

This county is situated along the Idaho houndary, and lies about midway 

.:>etween the north and south boundaries of Washington. The eastern part is 

somewhat hilly and broken, while the western part consists of a portion of the 

great basaltic plain of the Columbia, intersected by numerous coulees, but traversed 

by few flowing streams. 

Much of the area of this county was formerly timbered, but the timber has 

been in great part cut away to supply the needs of Spokane and other towns. 

Very little of the timber has suffered from fire. 

Classification of lands in Spokane .County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ........... __ ....... _ . _ .... _ ... _ . _ . _ . _ . _ ... __ . _ ..... _ ..... ____ . . 1, 777 

Merchantable-timber area __ ......... _. ____ ._._._ .. _. ___ ....... _ ..... _..... 530 

Burned area ... _ . ___ .. _ ........ _ ..... __ .. __ . _ .. _ .. _ . _ .. _ .... __ ..... __ . __ . . 8 

Cut area. ___ ... _ ..... _. _ . __ .. ___ ... _ .. _ . ____ . ____ .. __ ..... _ .. __ . . . . . . . . . . . 585 

Timberless area __ ........ __ .. ___ .. __ .... ___ . _ ... ____ ..... ___ ........ __ . . . . 654 

Estimate of timber in Spokane County. 

M feet B. M. 

Pine ... _ ........... ___ ... _. ___ . _________ .. _____ .... __ . _ . _ .. _. . . . . . . . . . . 532, 400 

Larch .. __ . _ .... ___ ........ _ ..... _ .. ___ . _ . __ . _ .. _ . __ .. _ .......... _ ... __ . 121, 360 

Fir ..... _ .. _ ... _ ................ _ . . ___ ... _ . _ .................... _ . . . . . 32, 680 

Cedar ____ . __ ...... _ ... _ .... _ ............. _ .. _ .. __ .. ~ _ ...... _........... 29, 560 

Total ..... _ ....... _ .... _ .... __ .... __ .. _ ........ __ ............ _ . . . 716, 000 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 2,100. 

In the cut area there is still standing scattered timber estimated altogether at 

50 million feet, which, added to the above, gives a total of 766,000 M feet B. M. 

foi the county. 
32 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

STEVENS COUNTY. 

This is the northeastern county of the State. It is bordered on the west by , 

Columbia River, while much of its southern boundary is formed by Spokane River. 

It is, in the main, a mountainous region, but is intersected by the broad valleys of 

Clark Fork and other streams. Nearly all of its area is timbered, but nowhere 

densely. Burned areas are more extensive here than in any other of the eastern 

counties, and there has been considerable cutting in scattered localities. 

The species of timber found in the county consist of pine, in which is included 

both yellow and Western white pine, which are not distinguished, red fir, larch, and 

cedar. In the western portion of the county, along Columbia River, the timber consists almost entirely of pine, only 4 per cent being fir and 1 per cent larch. In the 

neighborhood of Colville River the proportion of pine diminishes to 75 per cent and 

that of fir and larch increases to 10 per cent each, while the proportion of cedar reaches 

5 per cent. In the southeastern part of the county the proportion of pine is still 

further reduced to 60 per cent, while larch increases to 30 per cent, the remainder 

being made up of equal proportions of fir and cedar. Along the line of the Great 

Northern Railroad, in the southern corner of the county, the proportion of larch is still 

greater, reaching 50 per cent in certain small areas. 

Classification of lands ·in Stevens County. 

Square miles. 

Total area ................................ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . 3, 945 

Merchantable-timber area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 643 

Cut area.............................................................. 23 

Burned area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 

Timberless area ............................................. -....... -.. 120 

Estimate of timber ·in Stevens County. 

M feet B. M. 

Pine .. _ ....................... ____ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 026, 260 

l-arch .. __ . _ .... __ ... _. _. _. __ .. _ . ____ .. __ ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 351, 218 

Fir_ ..................... _ ...... _ . _ .......... _ .••.. _ ..... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . 297, 185 

Cedar .. _ .............................................. __ ._........... 27,017 

TotaL_ .... _ ....... ___ ........ _ ............. _ .........••........ 2, 701, 680 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 1, 100. 

THURSTON COUNTY. 

This county lies in the western part of the State, bordering on the north upon 

Puget Sound. Its area was, with the exception of numerous prairie tracts, originally covered entirely with fine forests, mainly of fir. At present all the forests in 

the neighborhood of Puget Sound have been cut away. Fires have not been preva-. 

lent, and but little timber has been destroyed by this means. 
THURSTON AND W AHKIAKUM COUNTIES. 33 

Classification of lands in Thurston County. 

Square miles. 

Total area •••••.•.•............•................. __ ...... ___ :. • . . . . . • . 763 

Merchantable-timber area ..... __ .. _ .... ___ . ___________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 430 

Burned area . _ .•... _ ~ •..• ____ . _ ..••••.. _ . __ ...... _ . _ ...... __ . _ . . . . . . . . 66 

Cutarea •••.••••..•.•.•••.. ·-···------------------------------------·· 161 

Timberless area .••.•... _ •.....• _._._ ....•. _. _____ .. _ ... _._._.......... 106 

Estimate of timber in Thurston County. 

M feet B. M. 

Fir .....••••••••....••.•...•..... _ - _-. ____ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 608, 125 

Spruce···················-······-----------------------------------·· 462 

Cedar·----·-···············------------------------------------------ 108,949 

Hem lock .••••..•.••••...... _ ...... _ . _ . __ .• ________ .. ______ ..... _..... . 69, 807 

Total. _ ••.•.....•..•.... ___ .. _ ..... ___ ... ______ .. _____ . _ . ___ • __ . 2, 787, 343 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 10,100. 

WAHKIAKUM COUNTY. 

This county lies in the southwes~ern part of the State, bordering Columbia 

River. With the exception of some islands in the Columbia. and small tracts about 

the mouths of certain tributary streams, the entire area was heavily forested. 

Lumbering· has been carried on along the shores of the Col mn bia and on Gray and 

Deep rivers. Fires also have be.en somewhat prevalent in the county, but nwre 

than two-thirds of its area is still covered by fine forests. 

Classification of lands in lVahkiakwn County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _ ... _ .... _ . _____ .. _ . _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 

Merchantable-timber area ... _______________________________________ . _ 173 

Burned area ____________ . __________________________________________ . _ 40 

Cut area ... ___ ..... ___________ . _________ . _______ . _________ ... _ ... _ _ _ _ 38 

Timberless area ___________________________________________ .. _______ .. 22 

Estimate of timber ·in Wahkiakum Cottnty. 

M feet B. l\I. 

Fir ...••... --------·-------------------------------------------------- 1,947,150 Spruce ....•...••. __ .. _ . _ .. ______________________ . ___________________ _ 

Cedar----------···---------------------------------------------------

Hemlock __ ..•••••••.. __ ..•...••... __________ . __ . _ . __ . __ .... _ . - - --. - --

182,520 

301, 757 

542,680 

Total ..•.•• ·---------------------------------------------------- 2,974,107 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 27?000. 

W .ALLA W .ALLA COUNTY. 

This county lies in the south~rn part of the State, being bordered on the 'north 

'by Snake River and on the west by Columbia River. Its surface is an undulating 

plain, sloping northward and westward from Blue Mountains. 

9475-No. 5-02-3 
34 THE FORESTS OF W .ASHINGTON. 

The amount of timber in this county was originally small, and this has been 

entirely logged off, with the exception of about 4:,500,000 feet left standing after 

logging operationl':l. Of thi..,, about half is pine, one-fourth fir, and one-fourth larch. 

Clossi;fication of lands in Walluwalla. County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _____ . ___ . _____ . _____ . _____ . _____ . _______________ . _ ... _ .... __ .. _ 1, 277 

Merchantable-timber area .. __ .. _ .. __ . ______ .. _______________ . _____________ . 33 

Cut area _____________ ... ____________________ . _______ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 

Timberless area ____ . _ . _________ . _ . __________ . _____ .. _ •. _ . ___________ . _ _ _ _ _ 1, 230 

Estimate of t·imber in Trallawalla County. 

M feet B.M. 

Pine . _________________________________________________________________ .. _ 2, 250 

Fir ____ ._.-.-. ____ . _________ ._. _______ . _. _______ .... __ .............. ___ ... _ 1, 625 

Larch _______ . _______________________________ ... _ ...... _. _________ . ___ . _ _ _ 1, 625 

Total. ___ . __ ........ ____ ..... ____ .... _ .. _ .. __ . __ . _ .. __ .. _. _ .... _.... 5, 500 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. lVI., 213. 

WHATCOM COUNTY. 

This is the most northern county of the State west of the Cascade Range. It 

extends west from the summit of the range to the shores of Puget Sound. In the 

eastern half of the county are found Mounts Baker and Shuksan, two great extinct 

volcanoes, rising high above timber line. This eastern mountainous half of the 

county has a light stand of timber. The western hal£ was originally very heavily 

tim be red. Its forests were probably as dense as those of any other county in the 

State, but they have been almost entirely destroyed by fire. Certa-in areas along the 

coast, on Nooksak River and on the Bellingham Bay and British Columbia Railroad, 

have been logged, but the amount of timber thus utilized is small as compared with 

that destroyed by fire. To illustrate the extent of this devastation, it may be stated 

that out of a timbered area of 1,387 square miles not less than 636 square miles have 

been burned; 170 square miles have been logged. 

The forest consists almost entirely of fir and cedar, the amounts of hemlock and 

spruce being trifling. 

Classification of lands in Whatcom County. 

Square miles. 

Total area .... _ ..• ___ ..... _ ... _ ••••• _. _ ...•••.••••••. _____ ••••••... _ _ _ 2, 226 

Merchantable-timber area.----- .••... _.---- .. ---- .•...... --- ...•• ----- 1, 387 

Burned area ......... _ .... _ •............ __ ..•..•.....•......• -•.••• -• • 636 

Cut area __ .......••.• _ •..••...•.. __ ...................• __ ... -.••••• -• . 170 

Timberless area .•••••••..•.•••... _.................................... 33 
WHITMAN AND YAKIMA COUNTIES. 35 

Estimate of timber in Whatcom County. 

M feet B.M. 

Fir. ____ .. ___________ . ___ . ___ .. _._. _______ . _____ . _____________ .•.•. ___ 1, 905, 962 

Cedar ...... _ . _ ..... _______ . _ ....... _ . _ ............... _ . . . . . _ ...... _ . 596, 342 

Hernlock .. _ . ___ . _ ..... _ .. _ .. _ .. _ ... _ ........ _ ... _ ........ ___ ... _ ... _ . 188, 071 

Spruce ...... _ ... _ ........ _ .... _. _ .. ·- .. ___ ............ _ •. ~. _. _ •..• _. _. 18, 580 

Total ............................. _ ................. ___ ••. _ •..•. 2, 708, 955 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 3,000. 

WHITMAN COUNTY. 

This county is in the eastern part of the State, bordering upon Idaho. It::~ 

surface is a broadly undulating plain of basalt sloping to the eastward. 

It formerly contained a few small areas of timber land_ in the eastern and northern parts, but these have been logged over; leaving, however, a small amount of 

timber still standing. 

Class{fication of land:,: in Whitman County. 

Square miles. 

Total area _ ........... _ ... _ .. __ .. _____ . ___ . ____ . ___ ... __ ...... _. _. _ ... _ •. _ 2, 105 

Merchantable-timber area ____ . __ . ____ .. ___ . ____ . ___ . ____ ................. _ 19 

Cut area _______ ... __ .. _._._. __ .. __ . ___ .. _._ ... ___ .. __ ................. __ .. 109 

Timberless area _ ..... _ .. _ .. _ . __ . _____ . ______ . __ . ___ . _____ . _ . ___ .... _ .. _ _ _ _ 1, 977 

Estimate of timber ·in TVhitman County. 

M feet B. M. 

Yellow pine _ . _ ............ _ ... _ ... __ . ______ . ___ ....... _. ___ . _. _. _ ..••.. _ 35, 000 

Average stand per acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 3,000. 

In the cut areas there is still standing a little timber, estimated at 35 million 

feet, consisting mainly of yellow pine. 

YAKIMA COUNTY. 

This county lies in the middle-southern portion of the State, being bordered 

upon the east by the Columbia River, and extending on the west to the crest of 

the Cascade Range. The western portion of the county is inelucled within the Mount 

Rainier Forest Reserve. The estimates of area and of stand of timber do not 

include the reserye portion. 

The eastern portion of the county cow;;ists of a broadly undulating plain, and is 

without forests. The western portion lies in the Cascade Range, is mountainous and 

broken, and is timbered throughout, hut for the most part not heavily. There has 

been considerable cutting in the lower edges of the mountain forests, particularly 

upon Naches Hiver, where a large areu has been logged. There are no burns except 

in the southwest corner of the county. 
36 THE FORESTS OF WASHINGTON. 

Classification of lands in Yakima. County. 

Square :t;niles. 

Total area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 5, 784 

Merchantable-timber area ..... ______________ .. ______ ••.... _. _______ ... ____ 1, 788 

Rocky and barren _________________ . ____ .. ___ . _ .... _____ ..•... _ ...••..... ". 2 

Burned area.· ..... _. ____ .... _ ... _ ...... _._._ ..... __ ._ ...... _ ....•.....•.. _ 139 

Timberless area_._._ ....... _._._ .... ·. __ .. ____ ._._ .. ___ .... _ •.•..•.•..••••. 3, 738 

Cut area ..... _ .... __ . _ .. ___ ... ___ ........ _ .. _ .. ___ ... _ ......•.••••••. 0 • • • • 117 

Est-imate of timber in Yakima County. 

M feet B. M. 

Fir._ ..•... _ ... _ .. _. ______ .. _ .. _______ . _________ ..... _ ......... _ ..• __ . 1, 261, 033 

Yellow pine ____ . _____ .... ____ .. __________ . _________ . _. __ . __ . _ . _ ..... _ 2, 099, 788 

Tarnarack __ .. _. ____ .. ___ .. ____ ... _ ..... _ ... ___ ... _ . ____ .. _ ....... __ . _ 433, 154 

White pine ______ . ____ .............. ____ ._._ .. ________ .. ___ .. _. ____ .__ 93, 406 

Mountain fir .. _ ... _ .· ...... _ ... _ ...... __ .... _. _. _. _ .. ___ ... _____ .. _. _ .. . 

Patton he1nlock ______ . __ ... ___ . ____ ..... _____ . _ . _ ... __ . ___ . _ . _ ... _ .. . 

Hemlock .... ___ .. __ ._. ___ .. __ . ____ .. _ . __ .... ___ ..... __ .... __ ... __ ... 0 

Lodgepole pine ...•... __ .. _ ..... ___ . _ . _____ . __ . ____ .... _ . ___ . ___ ..... . 

Cedar •••............. _ .......... _ . _ ..... _______ ............•....••... 

Other species _ .............. ~ _ .. _ .......... Q •• Q ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

2,957 

1, 774 

121,300 

1,183 

60,600 

172,377 

TotaL ••............. ___ ... _ ........ ~ _ ... _ ...... 0 •• 0- G •••••••••• 4, 247, 572 

Average stand pe:r acre of timbered land in feet B. M., 3,620. 
INDEX. 

Page. 

Adams County, features of............................ 15 

lands in, classification of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

Area of the State • . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 13 

Asotin County, lands in, character and classification of 14,15 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 10-11,15 

Burned area, extent of........................ . . . . . . . . 13 

Cascade Range, counties east of, fire in, destruction by 13 

timber in, total stand of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

yellow pine in, amount and percentage of . . . . 10 

counties west of, fir in, amount and percentage of 10 

fire in, destruction by. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13 

timber in, total stand of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

division of timber growth of State by............. 9,10 

examination of region in.......................... 7 

lands east and west of, classification of. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Cedar, amount and percentage of ........•............. 

summary of, by counties ........................... 10-11 

Chehalis County, lands in, character and classification 

of •......................................... 14,16 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 10-11,16 

Chelan County, lands in, character and classification 

of ••.•••....•............................... 14,16 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 10-11, 16 

Clallam County, fires in, destruction by............... 17 

· forests of, character of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

lands in, character and classification of ........... 14,17 

timber in, amount and kinds of ............. 10-11, 12, 17 

Clarke County, fixes in, destruction by................. 17 

forests of, character of • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

lands in, character and classification of ......... 14,17-18 

timber in, amount and kinds of ........... : ....... 10, 18 

Classification of lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-36 

tables showing .......................••.•.......... 13, 14 

Columbia County, lands in, character and classification 

of .......................................... 14,18 

timber in: amount and kinds of ................ 10-11, 18 

Cooper, Thomas, information furnished by . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Cowlitz County, fires in, de'ltruction by................ 19 

lands in, character and classification of ........... 14, 19 

timber in, amount and kinds of ...•............ 10-11,19 

Douglas County, lands in, character and classification 

of •..••.•.•................................. 14,19 

timber in, amount and kinds of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11, 20 

Ferry County, lands in, character and classification of 14,29 

timber in, amount and kinds of..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11, 20 

Fir, amount and percentage of, west of Ca~cade Range 10 

Fir, lovely, amount and percentage of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

summary of, by counties ........................... 11-12 

Fir, nid, amount and percentage of.................... 9 

summary of, by counties .......................... .' 10-11 

Fir, white, amount and percentage of. ............... ·. 9 

summary of, by counties .....•............•....... 11-12 

Page. 

Fire, timber destroyed by ........ ; .................... 12-13 

Forests of western Washington, character of ......... . 

Franklin County, lands in, classification of........... 14 

Garfield County, lands in, character and classification 

of ..........................•............... 14,20 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 10-11,21 

Hemlock, amount and percentage of.................. 9 

summary of, by counties .......................... · 11-12 

Island County, lands in, character and classification 

of .......................................... 14,21 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................... 10,21 

Jefferson County, forests of, character of.............. 21 

lands in, character and classification of. ....... 14, 21, 22 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 10-11,22 

King County, fires in, •destruction by.................. 22 

lands in, character and classification of ........... 14,22 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11, 22-23 

Kitsap County, lands in, character and classification 

of .......................................... 14,23 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................... 11,23 

Kittitas County, lands in, character and classification 

of .......................................... 14,23 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,24 

Klickitat County, fires in, destruction by . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

lands in, character and classification of ........... 14,24 

timber in, amount and kinds of ............. ~ .. 11-12,24 

Land-classification map of the State ............. In pocket. 

Lands, classification of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-36 

by counties.................................... 14 

east and west of Cascade Range.............. 13 

rocky and barren, extent of...................... 13 

timberless, extent of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Larch, amount and percentage of..................... 9 

summary of, by counties ................... : ....... 11-12 

Lewis County, fires in, destruction by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 

lands in, character and classification of ........ 14,24-25 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ............... 11-12,25 

Lincoln County, lands in, character and classification 

of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 25 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ....... ········ 11-12,26 

Lovely fir, amount and percentage of................. 9 

summary of, by counties .......................... 11-12 

Mason County, forests of, character of . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . 26 

lands in, character and classification of ........... 14,26 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,26 

Meadows, mountain, extent of........................ 13 

Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, examination of....... 7 

:Mountain regions of the State, examination of . . . . . . . 7 

Northern Pacific Railway Company, information furnished by ...................... ·............ 8 

Okanogan County, lands in, character and classification of .....••.......................•.•. 14,26-27 

37 
38 INDEX. 

Page. 

Okanogan County, timber in, amount and kinds of. 11-12,27 

Olympic Forest Reserve, examination of.............. 7 

Pacific County, fires in, destruction by................ 27 

forests of, character of.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 

lands in, character and classification of. .......... 14,27 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,27 

Pierce County, lands in, character and classification 

of .......................................... 14,28 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,28 

Pine, yellow, amount and percentage of.............. 9,10 

summary of, by counties .......................... 11-12 

Plummer, G. H., aid by................................ 8 

Rankine, J. M., aid by ................................ . 

Red fir, amount and percentage of.................... 9 

summary of, by counties ......................... 10-11 

Han Juan County, lands in, character of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 

classification of........................ . . . . . . . . 14 

Skagit County, lands in, character and rlassification 

of .......................................... 14,29 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,29 

Skamania County, fires in, destrurtion by ............ 29-30 

forests of, character of............................. 30 

lands in, charaeter and elassification of. ....... 14, 29, 30 

timber in, amount and kinds of ..... ~. . . . . . . . . . 11-12, 30 

Snohomish County, lands in, character and classifieation of ..................................... 14,30 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,31 

Sound Valley, forests of, character of.................. 9 

Spokane County, lands in, character and rlassification 

of .......................................... 14,31 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,31 

Spruce, amount and percentage of.................... 9 

summary of, by c~mnties .......................... 10-11 

Stevens County, lands in, character and classification 

of .......................................... 14-32 

Stevens County, timber in, amount and kinds of. .. 11-12,32 

0 

Page. 

Thurston County, lands in, character and classification of .................................... 14,33 

timber in, amount and kinds of ................ 11-12,33 

Timber, amount of, in the State....................... 9 

average stand of, in eastern and western ''\Tm;hington ........................................ . 

estimated stand of, increase of ................... . 

growth of, division of the State a:o; to ............. . 

merchantable, area and percentage of ........... . 

mountain areas of, value of. ...................... . 

species of, table showing amount and percentage 

of ......................................... . 

12 

7 

9 

12-13 

8 

9 

stand of, sources of information as to.............. 7-8 

table showing summary of, by counties ........... 10-12 

total stand of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Wahkiakum County, lands i.n, character and classification of............ . . .. . . ....... .. . . ... . 14,33 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ............... 11-12,33 

Wallawalla County, lands in, character and dassification of ................................ 14,33-34 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ............... 11-12,34 

Washington, land-elassification map of .......... In pocket. 

Whatcom County, fires in, destruction by............. 34 

lands in, charaeter and elassification of. ....... 14, 34, 35 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ............... ll-12, 35 

White fir, amount and percentage of........ . . . . . . . . . . 9 

summary of, by counties .......... 00 .............. 11-12 

Whitman County, lands in, eharacter and classification of ......................... 00 • • • • • • • • • • 14, 35 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ............... 11-12,35 

Yakima County, lands in, eharaeterand classification 

of ....................................... 14,35-36 

timber in, amount and kinds of. ................ 11-12,36 

Yellow pine, amount and percentage of.............. 9,10 

summary of, by counties. 0 0 0 .. 0. 0 ••• 0 0 ...... 0. 0. 0 0 0 11-12 
PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

[Professional Paper No. f>.] 

The serial publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual Reports, (2) 

Monographs, (3) Professional Papers, (4) Bulletins, (5) Mineral Resources, (6) Water-Supply and 

Irrigation Papers, (7) Topographic Atlas of the United States-folios and separate sheets thereof, (8) 

Geologic Atlas of the United States-folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost 

of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had on 

application. 

The Bulletins, Professional Papers, and ·water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, and the 

total number issued is large. They haYe therefore been classified into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and 

mineralogy; E, Chemistry and physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; 

.T, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, Methods of hydrographic investigation; N, ·water power; 0, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. This paper is the 

second in series H. The first is Professional Paper No. 4, The Forests of Oregon, by Henry Gannett, 

now in press ( 36 pp., 7 pls.). 

Three volumes on forestry have been published, as Part V of the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and 

Twenty-first annual reports, each consisting of several papers. 

Correspondence should be addressed toThe DIRECTOR, 

November, 1902. 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 

WASHINGTON, D. 0. 

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. 

[Take this leaf out and paste the separated titles upon three of your catalogue 

cards. The first and second titles need no addition; over the third write that 

subject under which you would place the book in your library.] . 

United States. Department of the interior. ( [~ S. geological .~urvey.) 

Professional Paper No.5 Series H, Forestry, 2 I Department of 

the interior I United States geological survey I Charles D. Walcott, 

director I - I The I forests of washington I by I Henry Gannett I 

[Vignette] I 

Washington I government printing office 11902 

4°. 38 pp., 1 pl. 

Gannett (Henry). 

Professional Paper No.5 Series H, Forestry, 2 I Department of 

the interior I United States geological survey I Charles D. Walcott, 

director I - I The I forests of Washington I by I Henry Gannett I 

[Vignette] I 

'Vashington I government printing office I 1902 

4°. 38 pp., 1 pl. ' 

Professional Paper No. 5 Series H, Forestry, 2 I Department of 

the interior I United States geological survey I Charles D. 'Valcott, 

director I - I The I forests of 'V ashington I by I Henry Gannett I 

EVignette] I 

'V ashington I ~overnment printing office I 1902 

4°. 38 pp., 1 pl. 

9475--No. 5--02----4 

III