Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy 

Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds 

Removed by Pump-and-Treat, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 

1996–2010
� Mass removed, in pounds 

50,000

25,000

35,000

45,000

30,000

40,000 Method 1 

Method 2 

Method 3 

Simple Sum of CVOC 

EXPLANATION

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5003
�

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
A B 

Graph 

Cover. Photo A, Pump and Treat plant; Photo B, Pump and Treat recovery well; Graph, shows 

mass of original trichloroethylene recovered based on analysis of influent to Pump and Treat plant 

(Method 1), analysis of withdrawal from recovery wells (Method 2), maximum monthly recovery 

based on Methods 1 and 2, (Method 3) (Photographs by Pierre J. Lacombe, U.S. Geological Survey, 

March 29, 2011) 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic 

Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, 

New Jersey, 1996–2010 

By Pierre J. Lacombe 

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy 

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5003 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Marcia K. McNutt, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, 

natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS 

For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, 

visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod 

To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the 

U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to 

reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.
�

Suggested citation:
�

Lacombe, P.J., 2011, Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2011–5003, 48 p.
�
iii 

Acknowledgments 

The author thanks Jeff Dale, Robert Lewandowski, and Brian Helland of the U.S. Department of 

the Navy for providing information on operations of the Pump-and-Treat system. Thanks also go 

to Thomas Imbrigiotta and Richard Dinacola of the U.S. Geological Survey for providing technical 

review comments that improved this report. 

v 

Contents 

Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................................iii
�

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1
�

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1
�

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2
�

Previous Investigations........................................................................................................................2
�

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed.......................................................................4
�

Results of Method 1: Removal Based on Influent to the Pump and Treat Building ...................5
�

Mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC Removed......................................................................................5
�

Mass of Original TCE Removed .................................................................................................5
�

Results of Method 2: Removal Based on Withdrawals from the Recovery Wells ...................11
�

Pumping and Withdrawals Rates for Nine Recovery Wells ...............................................11
�

TCE, cDCE, and VC Concentrations in Water Samples from Nine Recovery Wells........12
�

Mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC Removed....................................................................................12
�

Individual Recovery Wells...............................................................................................16
�

All Recovery Wells............................................................................................................18
�

Mass of Original TCE Removed ...............................................................................................19
�

Results of Method 3: Removal Based on Maximum of Methods 1 and 2 ..................................27
�

Discussion of Difference in Masses Based on Methods......................................................................30
�

Summary and Conclusions.........................................................................................................................31
�

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................32
�
vi 

Figures
�

1.	� Map showing locations of pump-and-treat wells, underground pipeline, and 

building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 2010.................................................3 

2.	� Graphs showing influent volume to the Pump-and-Treat building (A) monthly 

and (B) cumulatively, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010 .......................................................................................................................................6 

3.	� Graph showing monthly concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) in influent to the Pump and Treat building, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.......................................................7 

4.	� Graphs showing monthly mass of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed from influent to the Pump and 

Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ............................8 

5.	� Graph showing cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene 

(cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) removed from influent to the Pump and Treat 

building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................9 

6.	� Graphs showing amount of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), 

and vinyl chloride (VC) and total chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOC) / 

original TCE removed (A) monthly, (B) cumulatively, and (C) mass in pounds of 

original TCE removed cumulatively from influent to the Pump and Treat building, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.....................................................10 

7.	� Graphs showing mass of (A) monthly simple sum of trichloroethylene (TCE), cisdichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) and (B) cumulative simple sum of 

the above and total chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) removed from 

influent to the Pump and Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, 

NJ, 1996–2010..............................................................................................................................11 

8.	� Graphs showing (A) pumping rate, (B) concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE), 

cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) in groundwater samples, (C) 

monthly mass removed, and (D) cumulative mass removed of TCE, cDCE, and VC 

from recovery well 15BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010 .....................................................................................................................................12 

9.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 20BR, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................................15 

10.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ,1996–2010 .......................................................................................16 

11.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................................17 

12.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................................18 

13.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well WDW, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................................19 
14.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air 

Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................20 

15.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................................21 

16.	� Graphs showing (A) pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound 

(CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly recovery of CVOC, 

and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................................22 

17.	� Graphs showing mass of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene 

(cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed from each recovery well, Naval Air 

Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 ......................................................................23 

18.	� Graphs showing monthly mass of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed based on withdrawals from the 

recovery wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010........................24 

19.	� Graph showing cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene 

(cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) removed based on withdrawals from the recovery 

wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.........................................25 

20.	� Graphs showing amount of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), 

and vinyl chloride (VC) and total original TCE removed (A) monthly, (B) cumulatively, 

and (C) mass of original TCE removed from groundwater by pumping the recovery 

wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.........................................26 

21.	� Graphs showing amount of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene 

(cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed monthly from groundwater using 

Method 1 from influent to the Pump and Treat building and using Method 2 from 

groundwater pumped from the recovery wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, 

West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010....................................................................................................28 

22.	� Graphs showing number of pounds of original trichloroethylene (TCE) removed 

(A) monthly and (B) cumulatively using Method 3, Naval Air Warfare Center, 

West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010....................................................................................................29
�

23.	� Graph showing mass removed of original trichloroethylene (TCE) using Methods 1, 

2, and 3 and reported simple sum of the mass of TCE, cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), 

and vinyl chloride (VC) removed, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010 .....................................................................................................................................31 

vii 
viii 

Tables 

1.	� Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and original TCE removed based on volume 

of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant 

(Method 1), Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through 

December 2010............................................................................................................................33 

2. Reported influent to Pump and Treat plant; reported and calculated pumping rates 

from recovery wells; monthly and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cisdichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and original TCE removal from recovery 

wells (Method 2), Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through 

December 2010 (Separate file at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5003/) 

3.	� Average annual concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in 

water samples from recovery wells, for the Pump and Treat plant, Naval Air 

Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010 .....................................................................13 

4.	� Mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) 

recovered by each Pump-and-Treat recovery well, Naval Air Warfare Center, 

West Trenton, NJ, February 1996–December 2010 ...............................................................15 

5.	� Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and original TCE removed determined by using 

the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

February 1996 through December 2010...................................................................................43 

6.	� Mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), 

and original TCE removed by the Pump and Treat system, determined using 

Methods 1, 2, and 3, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010................30 
ix 

Conversion factors
�

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi) 

Volume 

liter (l) 0.2642 gallon (gal) 

Mass 

gram (g) 0.002205 pound (lb) 

Flow rate 

liter per second (l/s) 0.2642 gallon per minute (gal/min) 

Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds 

Trichloroethylene Dichloroethylene Vinyl chloride 

(TCE) (cDCE and tDCE) (VC) 

Molecular weight (grams per mole) 131.39 96.95 62.498 

(moles per gram) 0.007611 0.010315 0.016001 

Density (grams per cubic centimeter) 1.46 1.28 0.91 

(cubic centimeter per gram) 0.684932 0.78125 1.098901 

Moles to pounds 0.289715 0.213775 0.13779 

Pounds to moles 1.6782E-05 7.8507E-05 1.2178E-04 

Gallons per pound 0.082 0.094 0.132 

Pound per gallon 12.183 10.681 7.594 

 

 

 

 

Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds 

Removed by Pump-and-Treat, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 

1996–2010 

By Pierre J. Lacombe 

Abstract 

Pump and Treat (P&T) remediation is the primary technique used to contain and remove trichloroethylene (TCE) and 

its degradation products cis 1-2,dichloroethylene (cDCE) and 

vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. Three methods were 

used to determine the masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed 

from groundwater by the P&T system since it became fully 

operational in 1996. Method 1, is based on the flow volume 

and concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in groundwater 

that entered the P&T building as influent. Method 2 is based 

on withdrawal volume from each active recovery well and the 

concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in the water samples 

from each well. Method 3 compares the maximum monthly 

amount of TCE, cDCE, and VC from Method 1 and Method 2. 

The greater of the two values is selected to represent the 

masses of TCE, cDCE and VC removed from groundwater 

each month. 

Previously published P&T monthly reports used 

Method 1 to determine the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC 

removed. The reports state that 8,666 pounds (lbs) of TCE, 

13,689 lbs of cDCE, and 2,455 lbs of VC were removed by the 

P&T system during 1996–2010. By using Method 2, the mass 

removed was determined to be 8,985 lbs of TCE, 17,801 lbs of 

cDCE, and 3,056 lbs of VC removed, and Method 3, resulted 

in 10,602 lbs of TCE, 21,029 lbs of cDCE, and 3,496 lbs of 

VC removed. To determine the mass of original TCE removed 

from groundwater, the individual masses of TCE, cDCE, and 

VC (determined using Methods 1, 2, and 3) were converted to 

numbers of moles, summed, and converted to pounds of original TCE. By using the molar conversion the mass of original 

TCE removed from groundwater by Methods 1, 2, and 3 was 

32,381 lbs, 39,535 lbs, and 46,452 lbs, respectively, during 

1996–2010. 

P&T monthly reports state that 24,805 lbs of summed 

TCE, cDCE, and VC were removed from groundwater. The 

simple summing method underestimates the mass of original 

TCE removed by the P&T system. 

Introduction 

The U.S. Navy installed a pilot Pump-and-Treat (P&T) 

system (fig. 1) at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West 

Trenton, NJ, on March 15, 1995. The P&T containment system was designed to create a cone of depression in the Site 1 

and Site 3 Plumes that would (1) prevent flow of chlorinated 

volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) to the surrounding 

neighborhood where it might contaminate water-supply wells; 

and (2) prevent contaminated groundwater from discharging to 

nearby intermittent streams that flow in the West Ditch culvert 

and the Gold Run culvert. In addition, the P&T system was 

designed to remove trichloroethene (TCE) and its degradation 

products cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride 

(VC) from the subsurface. 

The pilot P&T system in 1995 consisted of one recovery 

well, an underground transmission line, and the P&T building where the contaminated water was treated. The pilot P&T 

system was put into full operation in February 1996. By April 

1998, upgrades to the P&T system were completed, and the 

expanded P&T system consisted of an expanded underground 

transmission line network and 14 recovery wells that could be 

pumped at the Navy’s discretion. In 1998, wells 04BR, 08BR, 

15BR, 16BR, 20BR, 22BR, 29BR, 31BR, 41BR, 45BR, 

48BR, BRP-01, BRP-02, and West Ditch well (WDW) were 

available for use as recovery wells for the P&T system. In 

2004, well 56BR was added to the recovery system. The P&T 

system operated continuously during 1996–2010, except for 

during short periods of maintenance and power outages. 

The Navy used TCE as a heat transfer agent while performing tests on jet engines during 1953–95. The Navy had 

a 25,000-gallon (304,607 pounds (lbs)) capacity TCE piping 

system with associated valves, pumps, and heat exchanger, 

as well as three TCE tanks that held a total of 12,825 gallons 

(156,264 lbs). TCE occasionally would leak from valves, 

joints, pumps, tanks, and pipes. In addition, TCE was discarded at the NAWC if it was contaminated with water 

condensation. There is no concise estimate of how much TCE 

leaked or was discarded at the NAWC. Rogers, Golden, and 
 

 

2 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Halpern, (1986) estimated that during 1951–55 the volume of 

TCE that was disposed of (leaked to waste) was 5,000 gallons 

(60,915 lbs) and further estimated that during 1951–55 leakage 

was 10 percent of the waste (leakage) generated after 1955. 

Rogers, Golden, and Halpern, (RGH; 1986) estimated that 

50,000 gallons (609,150 lbs) of TCE leaked during 1955–86. 

RGH estimated that only 1 percent or 500 gallons (6,092 lbs) 

of the leakage entered the ground and the rest evaporated. 

RGH report that tests of three condenser tubes were found to 

leak refrigerant (TCE) in 1980. RGH also estimated 500 gallons of TCE leaked from a test building at a rate of 20 gallons 

per year for 25 years. In total, RGH estimated that 55,500 

gallons or 676,166 lbs of TCE leaked at NAWC. 

On the basis of CVOC concentrations in groundwater, 

Lacombe (2007) estimated that 2,900 to 47,400 liters (9,334 

to 152,600 lbs) of TCE were in the subsurface in 2006. The 

lesser estimate assumes that the CVOC is in the fracture 

system only, and the greater estimate assumes that the CVOC 

is in the fracture system, adsorbed to the rock matrix, and that 

pure TCE exists in some fractures. 

Jet fuel, used during engine tests, also leaked from fuel 

storage tanks and transmission pipes. The jet fuel tanks and 

pipes were in the same location as most of the TCE storage 

tanks and transmission pipes. Because of the fuel spill and 

the local bedrock geology, much of the TCE in the shallow 

bedrock biodegraded to various CVOCs and ethane. Analysis 

of groundwater at NAWC showed that the major CVOCs present are TCE and the major degradation products, cDCE and 

VC. Minor CVOCs include trans-1,2-dichloroethene (tDCE), 

1,1-dichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene (PCE). Most of 

the DCE found at the NAWC is cDCE. Only a small mass of 

tDCE has been removed (49 lbs). In this report, cDCE and 

tDCE are generally combined and are referred to cumulatively 

as cDCE. 

The first monthly report that documents P&T operations was published for February 1996. During February 1996 

through December 2010, the Navy produced 178 monthly 

P&T operation reports to document influent rates, CVOC 

concentrations, groundwater pumping rates, and monthly 

and cumulative TCE, cDCE, and VC removals. Reports for 

2 months are not available (Sept. 1997 and July 1998.) The 

study discussed in this report was conducted, in cooperation 

with the U.S. Navy, to compile and reinterpret the data from 

the 178 months. 

Purpose and Scope 

This report documents the monthly and cumulative mass 

of TCE, cDCE, and VC, as well as the monthly and total mass 

of original TCE removed by the P&T containment system. 

Original TCE is the compound that leaked from the storage 

and piping system at the NAWC. Much of the original TCE 

degraded in the past 45 years to cDCE and VC. The mass of 

TCE, cDCE, and VC removed was determined using three 

methods. Method 1 uses flow rates and CVOC concentrations 

of influent entering the P&T building. Method 2 uses the 

pumping rates and CVOC concentrations in groundwater from 

the active recovery wells. Method 3 uses the maximum mass 

of TCE, cDCE, and VC that was removed monthly and is 

based on Methods 1 and 2. 

Removal of the contaminants documented in this report 

began in February 1996 and ended in December 2010. Data 

were obtained from 176 monthly P&T operations reports for 

the 178 months and 50 water-quality reports for the groundwater withdrawn by the recovery wells. The reported data are 

tabulated, graphed, and discussed. 

The masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC provided in this 

report vary from the masses stated in the monthly reports 

because of errors in adding or publication. The masses of 

TCE, cDCE, and VC vary from table to table in this report 

because of conversion factors and rounding errors. 

Previous Investigations 

Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation (1995) 

and EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., (1995) 

describe start-up of the P&T operations during 1995. At that 

time, each component of the P&T system was tested and 

evaluated, and by February 1996, the system was operational. 

From February 1996 through December 2010, 178 

monthly P&T system reports were prepared by environmental 

contractors of the U.S. Navy. The first monthly P&T report 

was published for February 1996 (Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, 1996). Monthly P&T reports from February 1996 through December 1998 present total volume of P&T 

influent and a short description regarding maintenance of, and 

problems with, operations. Graphs show the concentrations of 

TCE, cDCE, and VC in influent samples that were collected 

four to eight times per month. These early P&T reports do not 

document the amount of CVOC removed; however, it was 

possible to calculate the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC that was 

removed each month. 

From January 1999 through December 2010 (Foster 

Wheeler Environmental Corporation, 1999–2003; ECOR 

Solutions, Inc., 2003–10; H&S Environmental Inc., 2010), 

monthly P&T reports contain expanded data and information 

compared to the 1996–99 P&T reports. Each report presents 

the volume of influent, average influent flow rate, hours of 

operation and downtime, reasons for downtime, and TCE, 

cDCE, and VC concentrations in the samples of the influent 

groundwater. The reports also include instantaneous pumping 

rates from each active recovery well. In many reports, tDCE 

concentrations also are included. On the basis of influent flow 

rates and CVOC concentrations, Foster Wheeler Environmental Corp., ECOR Solutions, Inc., and H&S Environmental, 

Inc., documented the monthly and cumulative mass of TCE, 

cDCE, and VC that was removed by the P&T system. 

During February 1996 to December 1997, well 15BR was 

the only recovery well in operation. During January to March 

1998, wells 15BR and WDW were being used as recovery 
      

40°16'5" 40°16'10" 

45BR 

20BR 

BRP2 56BR 

15BR 29BR 

8BR 

BRP1 

4BR 

22BR 

16BR 41BR 

48BR 31BR 

40°16'5" 40°16'10"

Gold Run culverts 

West ditch culvert

Site 1 plume 

Site 3 plume 

NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA ARE WDELA

75° 74° 

41° 

40° 

39° 

0 10 20  MILES

OCEAN

ATLANTIC 

0 10 20  KILOMETERS

NEW JERSEY 

Study area

74° 

48' 

45" 

74° 

48' 

45" 

74° 

48' 

40" 

74° 

48' 

40" 

EXPLANATION 

In micrograms per liter, 

TCE concentration, 100 feet 

below land surface, June 2007 

1
 

10
 

100
 

1,000
 

10,000
 

100,000
 

0 100 200 300  FEET 

0 25 50 75  METERS 

Pump and treat building 

Original NAWC building 

Fence 

Pump and treat pipe line 

Gold Run 

Pump and treat well 

Introduction 

 

3 

Figure 1. Locations of pump-and-treat wells, underground pipeline, and building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 2010. 
 

 

	 	 	 	 	 		

 

 

 

 

 

 

	 	

 

 

 

4 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

wells though it is possible that additional wells were being 

used for recovery. During April 1998 to December 2000, 

recovery wells 15BR, 20BR, 41BR, 45BR, 48BR, and WDW 

were used. Pumping rates from these recovery wells during 

1998 are shown in this report to be equal. In all likelihood, 

withdrawals were not equal. Pumping rates were likely similar 

to those published in later reports. Pumping rates in these 

recovery wells during 1999 to 2000 are the reported recovery 

rates. In January 2001, the P&T system was reconfigured to 

pump from seven wells—15BR, 20BR, 22BR, 45BR, 48BR, 

WDW, and BRP-02. In July 2004, recovery well 56BR was 

added to the P&T system. During September to December 

1999, well 36BR was pumped as part of a second pilot test to 

evaluate an experimental nano-scale iron filing remediation 

method. Only a few hundred gallons of water were withdrawn 

during this test. 

Monthly P&T reports from 1999 through 2010 include 

the average monthly influent flow rates that were calculated 

by using two methods. The most commonly used method consisted of dividing the monthly influent flow rate by the number 

of minutes in the month that the P&T system was operating 

properly. The second and less frequently used method consisted of dividing the monthly influent flow rate by the number 

of minutes in the month. Five laboratories were used consecutively to analyze the P&T influent water samples for TCE, 

cDCE, and VC. 

Fifty quarterly and annual reports showing concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in groundwater samples from 

recovery wells were published by EA Engineering, Science, 

and Technology, Inc., during 1997 to mid 2003; by ECOR 

Solutions, Inc., during mid 2003 to early 2010; and by H&S 

Environmental, Inc., during early to late 2010. There were four 

groundwater quality reports for most years. However, there 

is no groundwater quality report for 1996, one report in 1997 

and 2002, and two reports in 1998 and 2003. The reports show 

that seven laboratories were used consecutively to analyze the 

groundwater samples for TCE, cDCE, and VC. During 1999 

and 2004, each laboratory was used for 1 year or less. 

Three Methods of Determining Mass of 

CVOC Removed 

Three methods were used in this study to determine the 

monthly masses of TCE, cDCE, VC, and original TCE that 

were removed by the P&T system. Method 1 calculations 

are based on monthly flow rate measurements and monthly 

CVOC concentration measurements of groundwater influent to the P&T building. Method 2 calculations are based on 

monthly pumping rates and average annual CVOC concentration measurements made on groundwater from each recovery 

well. Method 3 calculations are based on the greater of the 

two values determined by Methods 1 and 2 for each month. 

Because of independent rounding, sums are not equal in some 

instances. 

Method 1 was used to calculate the mass of TCE, cDCE, 

and VC that was removed from P&T influent each month; it is 

based on (1) the monthly influent volume to the P&T building 

and (2) average monthly concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and 

VC in influent to the building. 

The mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed was calculated using 

i

Mw = (Vinf )(iC ) k , (1) 

where 

i

Mw is mass of individual CVOC, in pounds; 

Vinf is monthly volume of influent, in gallons; 

i

C is concentration of each CVOC in influent, 

in micrograms per liter; and 

k is a constant to balance units. 

The mass of original TCE removed each month was also calculated using Method 1. 

The monthly mass was calculated by converting the 

mass of each CVOC compound to a number of moles of each 

compound. The number of moles were summed and converted 

to the mass of original TCE. 

TotalmM = (T

Mw)(Tmk) +( DMw)(Dmk) +( VMw)(Vmk) , (2) 

where 

TotalmM is the sum of the number of moles and 

i

mk is a constant to convert mass in pounds to 

number of moles of individual CVOC. 

The Navy used Method 1 to calculate the masses of TCE, 

cDCE, and VC removed each month, then summed the masses 

of TCE, cDCE, and VC that were removed each month to 

determine the total CVOCs removed. This summation does not 

adequately reflect the mass of original TCE that was removed. 

Method 2 was used to calculate the masses of TCE, 

cDCE, and VC that were removed each month on the basis of 

(1) the monthly withdrawals from each recovery well and (2) 

the average annual concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in 

water samples from each recovery well. 

Monthly discharge from a well was calculated using 

= (Qi / ∑Q) (Vinf V ) , (3) iw

where 

V is the monthly volume of withdrawal from an iw

individual recovery well, in gallons; 

Qi is the instantaneous rate of withdrawal 

reported for an individual recovery well, in 

gallons; and 

Q is the instantaneous rate of withdrawal 

reported for all recovery wells, in gallons. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 5 

The masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed from each 

recovery well were calculated using 

i

Mw = (Viw )( wC ) k , (4) 

where 

wC is the average annual concentration of TCE, 

cDCE, and VC for water samples from a 

recovery well. 

The mass of original TCE removed by Method 2 was 

calculated as described in Method 1. 

The simple sum of the masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC 

that were removed as calculated by Method 2 is included in 

this report. The simple summation is included for comparison 

with the simple sum method that was used in Method 1. 

Method 3 was used to calculate the masses of TCE, 

cDCE, and VC that were removed each month, based on the 

greater mass of Methods 1 or Method 2. The value determined 

using Method 1 was compared to the value from Method 2, 

and the greater of the two values was selected. This was done 

for each month during 1996–2010. 

Method 1, in general, produced greater mass removal 

for 1996 to 1998, and Method 2, in general, produced greater 

mass removal for 2000 to 2004. The mass removed monthly 

during 2005 to 2010 using the two methods was similar. 

Results of Method 1: Removal Based on Influent 

to the Pump and Treat Building 

The results of Method 1 are that the P&T building has 

received 280,088,872 gallons of influent during 1996–2010 

and removed 8,666 lbs of TCE, 13,689 lbs of cDCE, and 

2,456 lbs of VC. The mass of original TCE removed as calculated by Method 1 is 32,381 lbs. 

Mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC Removed 

Monthly influent volume to the P&T building (fig. 2A; 

table 1, at end of report) was about 500,000 gal during 

1996–97. Recovery well 15BR was the only well pumped during this time. Influent flow rate increased to about 1,500,000 

gal/mon during 1998–99 after the Navy increased the number 

of recovery wells to six. During 2000–09, the P&T system 

generally pumped eight recovery wells, and influent flow rates 

fluctuated from 750,000 to 2,500,000 gal/mon. Average influent flow rate was about 1,815,000 gal/mon during 2000–10. 

The cumulative volume of influent to the P&T building during 1996–2010 was 280,088,872 gal (fig. 2B). The volume 

accumulated at a relatively constant rate during 1996–99, and 

increased by a factor of 4 during 2000–10. 

Reported average monthly concentrations of TCE, cDCE, 

and VC in the influent to the P&T building are shown in 

figure 3 and table 1. During 1996–98, concentrations of the 

CVOCs are presented only on graphs in the monthly reports 

and were extrapolated for this report. During 1999–2004, 

three to five concentrations of each CVOC were given in each 

monthly report and the average monthly concentration for 

each CVOC typically was used for this report. However, for 

some months, the CVOC concentrations that are presented in 

this report are the values that were used in the monthly P&T 

reports to calculate the masses removed of TCE, cDCE, and 

VC. During 2005–09, only one concentration of each CVOC 

was reported monthly, and that concentration is included in 

this report (table 1). 

Monthly concentrations of TCE in the influent ranged 

from about 2,000 to about 25,000 μg/L during 1996–98 

(fig. 3). After 1999, average monthly concentrations of TCE 

rarely exceeded 5,000 μg/L, and generally declined from about 

5,000 to 2,000 μg/L. Monthly concentrations of cDCE in the 

influent ranged from 10,000 to 62,000 μg/L during 1996–98. 

After 1999, average monthly concentrations of cDCE rarely 

exceeded 10,000 μg/L. Monthly concentrations of cDCE 

steadily declined from about 10,000 to about 2,500 μg/L 

during 2000–10. Monthly concentrations of VC in the influent ranged from 2,000 to 10,000 μg/L during 1996–98. After 

1998, monthly concentrations rarely exceeded 2,000 μg/L. 

Monthly concentrations of VC declined from about 1,500 to 

less than 60 μg/L during 2000–10. 

The mass of TCE removed each month, based on measurements of influent to the P&T building, ranged from 3.6 to 

151 lbs with a mean of 49 lbs (fig. 4A; table 1). The general 

trend in the monthly mass of TCE removed was a slight 

decrease from a range of 60 to 80 pounds per month (lbs/mon) 

during 1996–2001 to a range of 30 to 40 lbs/mon during 

2007–09. 

The mass of cDCE removed each month ranged from 5.6 

to 309 lbs with a mean of 77 lbs (fig. 4B; table 1). Monthly 

mass removal of cDCE steadily decreased from about 

150 lbs/mon in the late 1990s to less than 50 lbs/mon in 2010. 

The mass of VC removed each month ranged from 0.5 to 

46 lbs with a mean of 14 lbs (fig. 4C). Monthly mass removal 

of VC decreased step wise from about 25 lbs/mon during 

1996–2003 to less than 5 lbs/mon during 2003–09. The maximum cumulative mass of each CVOC that had been removed 

(fig. 5) during 1996–2010 for TCE was 8,666 lbs, for cDCE 

was 13,689 lbs, and for VC was 2,456 lbs. 

Mass of Original TCE Removed 

The mass of original TCE removed each month was 

calculated by converting the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC 

from pounds to the number of moles (fig. 6A, table 1). The 

numbers of moles were summed (fig. 6A) to show the monthly 

and cumulative number of moles removed from influent to 

the P&T building (fig. 6B). The cumulative number of moles 

removed was converted to a mass of original TCE (fig. 6C) to 

show the mass of original TCE that was removed. 

The monthly number of moles of TCE removed ranged 

from 12 to 520 with a mean of 166. The monthly number of 

moles of cDCE removed ranged from 26 to 1,445 with a mean 
Influent, in gallons 

A. Monthly 

3,000,000 

2,500,000 

2,000,000 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

500,000 

0 

B. Cumulative

300,000,000 

250,000,000 

200,000,000 

150,000,000 

100,000,000 

50,000,000 

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

6 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 2. Influent volume to the Pump-and-Treat building (A) monthly and (B) cumulatively, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, 

NJ, 1996–2010. 

of 358. The monthly number of moles of VC removed ranged 

from 7 to 337 with a mean of 99. The total monthly number of 

moles of original TCE removed ranged from 60 to 2,165 with 

an average of 618. 

The cumulative number of moles removed during the 

period of operation for TCE is 29,911; for cDCE, 64,033; and 

for VC, 17,823. The cumulative number of moles of the original TCE removed is 111,767. The cumulative mass of original 

TCE removed from influent to the P&T building is 32,375 lbs. 

The Navy summed the masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC to 

report the total mass of CVOCs removed each month, as well 

as the cumulative mass of CVOC removed (fig. 7). As stated 

previously, the results of this summing are included for illustration purposes. The summed total cumulative mass of CVOC 

removed is 24,806 lbs. 
Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 7 

0 

10,000 

20,000 

30,000 

40,000 

50,000 

60,000 

70,000

Monthly concentration, in micrograms per liter 

VC

cDCE

TCE

EXPLANATION

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

Figure 3. Monthly concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) in influent to the 

Pump and Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Monthly mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

A. TCE

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

B. cDCE

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

C. VC

50 

45 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

8 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 4. Monthly mass of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed from 

influent to the Pump and Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 9 

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds

VC

cDCE

TCE

EXPLANATION

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
 

Figure 5. Cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) removed from influent to the 

Pump and Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Cumulative amount of original TCE removed, in pounds Cumulative amount removed, in moles Monthly amount removed, in moles 

0 

200 

400 

600 

800 

1,000 

1,400 

2,000 

2,200 

1,200 

1,600 

1,800 

A

VC

cDCE

TCE

EXPLANATION

Total CVOC / original TCE

80,000 

100,000 

120,000 

B

VC

cDCE

TCE

EXPLANATION

Total CVOC / original TCE

60,000 

40,000 

20,000 

0 

35,000 

C

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

10 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 6. Amount of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) and total chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds (CVOC) / original TCE removed (A) monthly, (B) cumulatively, and (C) mass in pounds of original TCE removed cumulatively 

from influent to the Pump and Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Mass removed, in pounds TCE, cDCE, and VC removed, in pounds

A

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

B

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

1996

EXPLANATION
 

TCE
 

cDCE
 

VC
 

Sum of TCE, cDCE, and VC
 

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 11 

Figure 7. Mass of (A) monthly simple sum of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) and (B) 

cumulative simple sum of the above and total chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) removed from influent to the Pump and 

Treat building, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 

Results of Method 2: Removal Based on 

Withdrawals from the Recovery Wells 

Eleven recovery wells were used to withdraw contaminated groundwater for the P&T system (15BR, 20BR, 41BR, 

45BR, 48BR, WDW, BRP-02, 22BR, 56BR, 8BR, and 29BR). 

Well 15BR was used for containment and recovery of contaminated water for 14 years (1996 through 2010). The other 

recovery wells were used for less than 1 to 12 years (table 2, 

separate file at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5003/	). The 

masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC that were removed each month 

from each recovery well were calculated by using (1) the volume of water withdrawn from each well, based on the reported 

instantaneous pumping rate, influent flow rate to the P&T 

building, and time of operation of the P&T system and (2) the 

concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in water samples from 

each recovery well. 

Pumping and Withdrawals Rates for Nine 

Recovery Wells 

The monthly instantaneous pumping rates for each of 

eleven recovery wells (figs. 8A to 16A; table 2) were obtained 

from data presented in the monthly P&T operations reports. 

The sum of the monthly instantaneous pumping rates of the 

operating recovery wells rarely equaled the monthly flow rate 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 15BR C. 15BR

20 250 

18 

16 200 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

150 

100 

50 

0 0 

B. 15BR D. 15BR

50,000 9,000 

45,000 

40,000 

35,000 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

8,000 

7,000 

6,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

12 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 8. (A) Pumping rate, (B) concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) in 

groundwater samples, (C) monthly mass removed, and (D) cumulative mass removed of TCE, cDCE, and VC from recovery well 15BR, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 

that was reported for the influent into the P&T building. The 

monthly average pumping rate for each recovery well was 

calculated by prorating the monthly instantaneous flow rate 

for each well on the basis of the monthly flow rate of influent 

to the P&T building (fig. 8A to 16A). The volume of water 

that was removed each month from each well was calculated 

on the basis of the monthly average pumping rate and the 

length of time that the P&T system was operating that month. 

(table 2). 

TCE, cDCE, and VC Concentrations in Water 

Samples from Nine Recovery Wells 

The concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in water 

samples from nine recovery wells (fig. 8B to 16B; table 3) are 

from quarterly and annual water-quality reports. The average annual concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC were used 

to calculate the amount of each CVOC removed from each 

recovery well. TCE, cDCE, and VC concentrations in water 

samples decreased in most recovery wells during 1998–2010. 

The decrease in concentration is a result of CVOC removal 

by the P&T system, monitored natural attenuation, enhanced 

biodegradation, thermal conductive heating, and removal of 

contaminated soil. 

Mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC Removed 

The masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC removed each month 

by pumping each recovery wells were calculated, based on the 

volume of water pumped each month and the average annual 
 

Table 3. Average annual concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in water samples from recovery wells, for the Pump and Treat plant, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.[TCE, trichloroethylene; cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; μg/L, micorgrams per liter; --, well not used for recovery; value in red, estimate, data not collected] 

Date 

Well 15BR Well 20BR Well 41BR Well 45BR Well 48BR Well WDW 

TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC 

(μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) 

1996 6,700 15,555 4,100 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1997 6,700 15,555 4,100 34 15,000 9,200 450 400 10 825 400 1 11 10 1 -- -- --

1998 3,000 11,000 3,000 185 11,450 4,500 300 390 19 3,567 1,023 3 539 15 1 172 2,025 1,040 

1999 9,850 35,500 3,650 8,590 78,000 26,700 430 440 36 3,529 470 3 988 24 3 227 741 112 

2000 8,500 18,125 1,570 5,806 76,300 21,740 717 587 33 3,924 478 5 1,073 35 3 221 487 4 

2001 10,800 19,333 1,850 1,0430 71,700 7,000 720 520 12 3,667 537 5 757 63 4 700 1,040 11 

2002 11,600 13,900 1,070 5,710 19,970 4,590 523 290 4 4,010 367 1 1,000 30 3 9 9 1 

2003 10,150 12,500 840 5,800 26,800 5,300 890 530 5 3,700 520 1 860 39 4 1,095 1,320 170 

2004 8,583 10,163 556 753 5,825 731 567 398 4 4,078 465 2 826 36 3 781 361 3 

2005 7,329 9,081 561 830 6,813 1,068 -- -- -- 4,095 434 3 850 33 2 1,081 404 3 

2006 6,739 8,180 430 372 4,520 638 -- -- -- 3,708 415 2 845 41 2 1,622 476 5 

2007 5,743 5,875 326 677 6,367 908 -- -- -- 4,293 446 2 825 34 1 809 224 1 

2008 5,201 5,077 310 595 5,340 846 -- -- -- 3,703 437 3 837 61 8 307 87 1 

2009 5,510 5,600 312 1,787 8,203 1,208 -- -- -- 4,045 405 2 743 31 5 3,200 93 1 

2010 5,253 6,023 386 797 4,756 737 -- -- -- 3,820 421 2 693 29 2 573 180 5 

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 13 
 Table 3. Average annual concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in water samples from recovery wells, for the Pump and Treat Plant, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.—Continued [TCE, trichloroethylene; cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; μg/L, micorgrams per liter; --, well not used for recovery; value in red, estimate, data not collected] Date Well BRP-02 Well 22BR Well 56BR Well 8BR Well 29BR TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC TCE cDCE VC 

(μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) 

1996 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1997 1 20,000 21,000 31 50 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1998 57 12,850 9,150 18 72 3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1999 247 22,667 15,000 12 32 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

2000 628 27,300 10,377 51 171 2 93,600 2,348 157 -- -- -- -- -- --

2001 3,693 18,033 3,520 50 200 1 175,000 7,950 292 -- -- -- -- -- --

2002 3,015 12,800 4,345 37 95 1 167,500 6,735 50 -- -- -- -- -- --

2003 1,755 8,880 2,375 33 298 1 190,000 7,800 50 -- -- -- -- -- --

2004 1,597 12,356 2,295 38 93 1 82,100 4,466 57 -- -- -- -- -- --

2005 1,685 16,300 4,090 39 90 0 17,525 840 29 -- -- -- -- -- --

2006 1,794 8,715 1,864 36 74 1 13,543 959 18 -- -- -- -- -- --

2007 1,397 18,067 4,010 42 80 1 13,055 1,100 27 -- -- -- -- -- --

2008 999 12,217 3,220 27 68 1 9,127 2,500 172 -- -- -- -- -- --

2009 1,365 1,915 169 21 52 1 14,900 2,265 71 -- -- -- -- -- --

2010 533 8,820 2,422 19 53 1 12,375 1,523 65 230 4 0 1,234 101 2 

14 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 20BR C. 20BR

16 300 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 0 

B. 20BR D. 20BR

30,000 8,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

7,000 

6,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 15 

Table 4. Mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) recovered by each Pump-and-Treat 

recovery well, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996–December 2010. 

15BR 20BR 41BR 45BR 48BR WDW BRP2 22BR 56BR 8BR 29BR Total 

In pounds 

TCE 5,133 1,063 37 1,059 450 138 231 8 848 3 12 8,983 

cDCE 8,452 7,587 35 129 20 85 1,422 24 43 0 1 17,798 

VC 997 1,693 2 1 2 22 338 0 2 0 0 3,056 

Figure 9. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 20BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 41BR C. 41BR

12 5 

10 4 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

8 

6 

4 

2 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

3 

2 

1 

0 0 

B. 41BR D. 41BR

1,000 40 

900 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

16 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 10. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 

concentration of TCE, cDCE, and VC in the water for that 

year (fig. 8C; table 2). The total mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC 

removed by each recovery wells is summarized in table 4. 

Individual Recovery Wells 

Well 15BR was the only recovery well used during 

1996–98 (fig. 8). In late 1998, withdrawals began in the 

other recovery wells, and concentrations of TCE and cDCE 

increased in water withdrawn from well 15BR. About half 

the TCE and cDCE and a third of the VC removed by the 

P&T system was in groundwater from recovery well 15BR 

(table 4). 

Removal of CVOCs from recovery well 20BR began in 

1998 (fig. 9). Concentrations of cDCE increased soon after 

withdrawals began but declined sharply in 2002 and again in 

2004. About half the cDCE and VC removed by the recovery 

wells was removed from water from well 20BR. 

Recovery well 41BR was used for removal of CVOCs for 

less than 3 years (fig. 10). The Navy stopped using the well 

because it caused increased CVOC concentrations in an area 

that the Navy decided was not part of the long-term objective 

of the remediation plan. 

Recovery from well 45BR began in 1998 (fig. 11). 

Concentrations of each CVOC stayed constant for the period 

of record. In 2004, pumping rates increased, and with that, 

CVOC removal rates increased. About 10 percent of the total 

TCE removed from the recovery wells was from well 45BR. 

Well 48BR is the only recovery well within the Site 3 

Plume (fig. 12). Withdrawals from the well began in 1998. The 

pumping rates and TCE concentrations have decreased over 

the recovery period. 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 45BR C. 45BR

12 18 

16 

10 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

8 

6 

4 

2 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 0 

B. 45BR D. 45BR

35,000 1,200 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

1,000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 17 

Figure 11. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 

Well WDW is the shallowest recovery well (fig. 13). The 

pump and riser pipe frequently became plugged with deposits 

likely generated by iron fixing bacteria. The Navy frequently 

had the pump and riser pipe cleaned. After each cleaning, 

the pumping rate increased, and CVOC recovery increased. 

Because of plugging and cleaning, recovery of CVOCs from 

the well fluctuated between cleanings. 

Recovery well BRP-02 was put into service in 2001 

(fig. 14). Concentrations of cDCE and VC in water samples 

from this well were greater than the concentration of TCE, and 

concentrations of cDCE and VC decreased over time. More 

VC was removed than TCE by this recovery well (table 3). 

Recovery well 22BR began withdrawing groundwater in 

2000 (fig. 15) in order to reduce contaminated groundwater 

discharges into the Gold Run culvert (fig. 1) at the south side 

of the NAWC. Pumping rates increased during 2000–10. This 

well has removed the least CVOCs of the P&T system, but it 

is essential in reducing contaminated groundwater discharge to 

the lower reach of Gold Run. 

Recovery well 56BR began withdrawals in 2004 (fig. 16). 

The well was put into operation because TCE concentrations 

were in excess of 200,000 μg/L, which can indicate the presence of pure phase TCE nearby. Soon after pumping began, 

TCE concentrations decreased to about 20,000 μg/L. The 

high recovery rate of 2004–05 decreased substantially during 

2006–09. Nearly 10 percent of the TCE removed by the P&T 

system was in water from this recovery well. 

Recovery wells 8BR and 29BR began operation February 

18, 2010; the purpose was to intercept contaminated groundwater that would otherwise discharge to the reach of the West 

Ditch between recovery wells 8BR and 56BR (fig. 1). With 

only 10.5 months of data, it is too soon to assess the data. 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 48BR C. 48BR

20 6 

18 

5 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

16 

14 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 0 

B. 48BR D. 48BR

1,400 500 

1,200 

1,000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

450 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

18 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 12. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 

All Recovery Wells 

A comparison of the mass of TCE, cDCE, and VC 

removed from the active recovery wells (fig. 17) shows that 

most TCE (57 percent) was removed by well 15BR and most 

cDCE and VC (90 and 88 percent, respectively) were recovered by pumping wells 15BR and 20BR. More CVOCs were 

removed by pumping these two wells than by pumping the 

other seven wells. 

The monthly mass of TCE removed by all recovery wells 

ranged from 0 to 137 lbs with an average of about 50 lbs 

(fig. 18A). The monthly mass of cDCE removed ranged from 

0 to 467 lbs with an average of 99 lbs (fig. 18B). The monthly 

mass of VC removed ranged from 0 to 113 lbs with an average of 17 lbs (fig. 18C). The low recovery rate during 1996 to 

1998 was because only well 15BR was operating. Starting in 

1999, TCE, cDCE, and VC monthly removal rates increased 

dramatically because of the increased number of recovery 

wells. The suite of recovery wells removed TCE, cDCE, and 

VC that was located in the highly transmissive fractures and 

TCE that was adsorbed to the walls of the fractures. For 7 

years during 1999–2005, the monthly removal of TCE was 

the greatest for the period of record. For 3 years during 1999 

to 2001, the monthly removal of cDCE was greatest for the 

period of record. While for only 2 years during 1999–2000, 

the monthly removal of VC was greatest for the period of 

record. These data show that VC in the high transmissive fractures was removed more quickly than cDCE, and cDCE was 

removed more quickly than TCE. 

Since 2005, recovery of the three CVOCs has decreased. 

This long-recognized “tailing” phenomenon is characteristic 

of most P&T systems (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. WDW C. WDW

10 8 

9 7 

8 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 0 

B. WDW D. WDW

6,000 160 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 19 

Figure 13. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well WDW, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 

1996). The tailing is interpreted to mean that the TCE, cDCE, 

and VC that has been recovered during 2005–09 has migrated 

from the low transmissive fractures and from rock matrix that 

is more removed from the high transmissivity fracture into the 

high transmissivity fractures. 

The sums of the masses of CVOCs removed by pumping 

the recovery wells are TCE, 8,983 lbs; cDCE, 17,798 lbs; and 

VC, 3,056 lbs (table 2, fig. 19). 

Mass of Original TCE Removed 

The mass of original TCE that was removed each month 

was calculated by converting the masses of TCE, cDCE, and 

VC from pounds to the number of moles of each compound 

(table 2). The number of moles was summed to show the 

monthly (fig. 20A) and cumulative number of moles (fig. 20B) 

removed from groundwater withdrawn from recovery wells. 

The cumulative number of moles removed was converted to 

show the pounds of original TCE that was removed (fig. 20C). 

The monthly number of moles of TCE removed ranged 

from 0 to 473 with a mean of 173. The monthly number of 

moles of cDCE removed ranged from 0 to 2,186 with a mean 

of 465. The monthly number of moles of VC removed ranged 

from 0 to 818 with a mean of 124. The sum of the monthly 

number of moles of CVOC removed ranged from 0 to 3,335 

with an average of 762. 

The cumulative number of moles of TCE removed during 

the period of operation was 31,012; cDCE was 83,269; and 

VC was 22,180. The cumulative number of moles of original 

TCE removed was 136,461 (table 2, fig. 20B). The cumulative 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. BRP­02 C. BRP­02

10 60 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 0 

B. BRP­02 D. BRP­02

40,000 1,600 

35,000 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

1,400 

1,200 

1,000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

20 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 14. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 

number of moles of original TCE was converted to obtain the 

mass of original TCE removed by the P&T recovery system; 39,528 lbs of original TCE has been removed by using 

Method 2. 

The Navy simply summed the masses of TCE, cDCE, 

and VC determined using Method 1 to report the total mass 

of CVOCs removed each month, as well as the cumulative 

mass of CVOCs removed. As stated previously the result of 

this simple addition is included for illustration purposes. The 

total cumulative mass of CVOCs removed calculated by using 

simple addition and based on Method 2 is 29,837 lbs. 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 22BR C. 22BR

18 1.0 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

16 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0 0.0 

B. 22BR D. 22BR

600 30 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 21 

Figure 15. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 
1996

199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011 

A. 56BR C. 56BR

3.0 90 

Pumping rate, in gallons per minute

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 0 

B. 56BR D. 56BR

1,000,000 900 

Concentration, in micrograms per liter 100,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

800 

700 

600 

500 

400 

300 

200 

100 

1 0

EXPLANATION

TCE Reported

cDCE Calculated

VC

22 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 16. (A) Pumpage rate, (B) chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) concentrations in groundwater samples, (C) monthly 

recovery of CVOC, and (D) cumulative recovery of CVOCs from recovery well 41BR, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 

1996–2010. 
 

Mass removed, in pounds Mass removed, in pounds Mass removed, in pounds

A. TCE 

10,000

EXPLANATION 9,000

15BR 

8,000 20BR 

41BR 

45BR 

7,000

6,000 48BR 

WDW 

BRP­02 

5,000

4,000 22BR 

56BR 

Cumulative TCE 

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 

B. cDCE 

20,000

EXPLANATION 18,000

15BR 

16,000 20BR 

41BR 

45BR 

14,000

12,000 48BR 

WDW 

BRP­02 

10,000

8,000 22BR 

56BR 

Cumulative cDCE 

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 

C. VC 

3,500 

EXPLANATION 

3,000  15BR 

20BR 

2,500  41BR 

45BR 

48BR 

WDW 

2,000 

BRP­02 

22BR 

56BR 

1,500 

1,000 

Cumulative VC 

500 

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 23 

Figure 17. Mass of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed from each 

recovery well, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Monthly mass removed, in pounds Monthly mass removed, in pounds  Monthly mass removed, in pounds

A. TCE

160
 

140
 

120
 

100
 

80
 

60
 

40
 

20
 

0 

B. cDCE

500
 

450
 

400
 

350
 

300
 

250
 

200
 

150
 

100
 

50
 

0 

C. VC

120
 

100
 

80
 

60
 

40
 

20
 

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

24 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 18. Monthly mass of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed based on 

withdrawals from the recovery wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 25 

0 

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

18,000

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds per month 14,000

16,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

VC

cDCE

TCE

EXPLANATION

Figure 19. Cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) removed based on 

withdrawals from the recovery wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
Mass of original TCE  removed, in pounds Cumulative amount removed, in moles per month Monthly amount removed, in moles 

3,500 

A. All Recovery wells 

2,000 

2,500 

3,000 

VC

cDCE

EXPLANATION

Total TCE

TCE

1,500 

1,000 

500 

0 

140,000 

B. All Recovery wells

100,000 

80,000 

120,000 

VC

cDCE

EXPLANATION

Total CVOC

TCE

60,000 

40,000 

20,000 

0 

40,000 

C. All Recovery wells

35,000 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

0 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

26 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 20. Amount of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) and total original TCE removed (A) 

monthly, (B) cumulatively, and (C) mass of original TCE removed from groundwater by pumping the recovery wells, Naval Air Warfare 

Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
 

 

 

27 

Results of Method 3: Removal Based on 

Maximum of Methods 1 and 2 

For Method 3, the greater value of the monthly number 

of moles for TCE, cDCE, and VC removed was selected from 

Methods 1 or Method 2 (fig. 21; table 5, at end of report). 

Method 1, in general, resulted in the greater monthly number 

of moles removed during 1996–98, and Method 2, in general, 

resulted in the greater monthly number of moles removed 

during 1999–2003. The monthly numbers of moles removed 

during 2004–10 were similar for both calculation methods. 

The summed monthly mass of original TCE ranged from 

52 to about 966 lbs with a mean of 259 lbs (table 5; fig. 22A). 

The cumulative mass of original TCE removed, using 

Method 3, during 1996–2010 was 46,452 lbs (fig. 22B). 

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 
Monthly amount removed, in moles Monthly amount removed, in moles Monthly amount removed, in moles 

600

A. TCE 

400

500 EXPLANATION

TCE Method 1 

TCE Method 2 

300

200

100

0 

2,500

B. cDCE

1,500

2,000

EXPLANATION

cDCE Method 1 

cDCE Method 2 

1,000

500

0 

900

C. VC

600

700

800

EXPLANATION

VC Method 1 

VC Method 2 

500

300

400

200

0 

1996 

100

1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

28 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Figure 21. Amount of (A) trichloroethylene (TCE), (B) cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and (C) vinyl chloride (VC) removed monthly from 

groundwater using Method 1 from influent to the Pump and Treat building and using Method 2 from groundwater pumped from the 

recovery wells, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
 

A. Original TCE 

0 

200

400

600

800

1,000

Monthly ammount removed, in moles 

100

300

500

700

900

B. Original TCE

0 

5,000

15,000

25,000

35,000

45,000

50,000

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

Cumulative mass removed, in pounds 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

Three Methods of Determining Mass of CVOC Removed 29 

Figure 22. Number of pounds of original trichloroethylene (TCE) removed (A) monthly and (B) cumulatively using Method 3, Naval Air 

Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 
 

 

 

30 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Discussion of Difference in Masses 

Based on Methods 

Masses of TCE, cDCE, and VC or origin TCE removed 

from groundwater by the P&T system should be the same 

whether using Method 1 or Method 2. The calculated masses 

removed are not similar. During 1996–98, the masses removed 

as calculated by Method 1 were greater than the masses 

calculated by Method 2 (fig. 21). During 1999–2004, the 

masses removed by Method 1 were sometimes much greater, 

sometimes equal, and sometimes much less than the masses 

removed by Method 2. During 2005–10, the masses removed 

by Method 1 and Method 2 were nearly identical. Plausible 

reasons for why the masses are different include (1) changes 

in concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in the transmission 

pipe between the water sample collection locations at the 

recovery wells and in the P&T building; (2) changes in the 

volume of water between the two water sampling locations; 

or (3) differences in the laboratory analyses of water samples 

from the two sampling locations. It is unlikely that changes 

occurred in concentrations of the three compounds or volume 

of water between the two sampling locations because the 

changes would likely be constant over time and the changes 

are not constant with time. 

It is likely that the difference in the monthly masses 

removed is a result of differences in the analytical results from 

the multiple laboratories that analyzed the water samples. 

During 1996–98 the influent water samples were analyzed 

by one laboratory, and the recovery well water samples were 

analyzed by another laboratory. The laboratory that analyzed 

influent water samples reported higher concentrations than the 

laboratory that analyzed water samples from the one active 

recovery well. During 1999–2004, influent water samples 

from the P&T building were analyzed by two laboratories, and 

CVOC concentrations remained relatively constant from one 

year to the next. During the same time, recovery well water 

samples were analyzed by five laboratories. Each laboratory 

analyzed the water samples for about 1 year. Some analytical 

results from the five laboratories showed wide fluctuations in 

TCE, cDCE, and VC concentrations from year to year. The 

fluctuations from year to year during 1999–2004 may be correct, but the fluctuations may also be a function of changes in 

analytical, calibration, and procedural methods between the 

laboratories. During 2005–10, two laboratories were used to 

analyze the influent, and one of those laboratories was used to 

analyze the recovery wells, water samples. Masses removed 

are nearly identical. 

One might ask, are the results from Method 1 or 

Method 2 more accurate? Method 1 shows high rates of 

removal of TCE and cDCE during the first few years of operation with lesser removal rates as time passes (fig. 21). This 

characteristic is normal for P&T systems. Method 2 shows 

a high rate of removal of TCE, cDCE, and VC when the 

P&T system was expanded from one recovery well to seven 

recovery wells in 1999 and then shows lesser removal of each 

compound as time passes (fig. 21). This too is normal for a 

P&T system. During 1999–2002, at the time the P&T system 

expanded, Method 1 showed an increase in masses removed 

of cDCE or VC as well as an increase in masses removed of 

TCE. It is believed that Method 2 better reflects the increase 

in removal of TCE, cDCE, and VC with the startup of the 

additional seven recovery wells. 

Calculations of the mass of original TCE removed, using 

Methods 1, 2, and 3, resulted in 32,381 lbs, 39,535 lbs, and 

46,452 lbs, respectively (table 6; fig. 23). Historically, the 

Navy used Method 1 to obtain monthly masses of TCE, cDCE, 

and VC, then summed the masses to obtain the total mass 

of CVOCs that was removed, 24,805 lbs. Summing of the 

masses of three CVOCs is not a preferred manner of obtaining 

a value for original TCE; it is used for comparison purposes. 

With Methods 3, it is possible to show that the P&T system 

removed 21,647 lbs more (186 percent) of original TCE than 

was stated in the monthly reports. 

Lacombe (2007) estimated that from 9,334 to 152,600 lbs 

of original TCE were in the subsurface in 2006. During 

2006–10, the P&T system removed an average of about 

1,200 lbs per year (fig. 21). The rate of removal of the CVOC 

by P&T will continue to decrease in the future. The P&T 

system as designed has controlled the off-site movement of 

contaminated groundwater toward the nearby neighborhood 

and the few supply wells in the neighborhood. The Navy 

annually monitors water quality in observation wells between 

the NAWC and the neighborhood to verify that no contaminant is migrating into the neighborhood. The P&T system also 

has reduced, but not eliminated, the discharge of contaminated groundwater to the West Ditch and the west branch of 

Gold Run, both intermittent streams. This problem has been 

addressed by increasing groundwater withdrawals from recovery wells near the intermittent stream, adding new recovery 

wells, and conducting research to determine the exact section 

of the intermittent stream where contaminated groundwater 

discharges. 

Table 6. Mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene 

(cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and original TCE removed by the 

Pump and Treat system, determined using Methods 1, 2, and 3, 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010. 

Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 

(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) 

TCE 8,666 8,985 10,602 

cDCE 13,689 17,801 21,029 

VC 2,456 3,056 3,496 

Original TCE 32,381 39,535 46,452 

Simple sum 24,805 29,837 35,053 
Mass removed, in pounds 

50,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 

EXPLANATION

Method 1 

Method 2 

Method 3 

Simple Sum of CVOC 

1996  1997  1998  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011 

reported simple sum of the mass of 

Summary and Conclusions 31 

Figure 23. Mass removed of original trichloroethylene (TCE) using Methods 1, 2, and 3 and reported simple sum of the mass of TCE, 

cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) removed, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, 1996–2010.

Summary and Conclusions 

A P&T system was designed in the early 1990s to 

remove and contain CVOCs in the aquifer that underlies the 

former NAWC property in West Trenton, NJ. The system was 

designed to create a cone of depression that would prevent 

movement of CVOC contaminated groundwater to the surrounding neighborhood where CVOCs might contaminate 

domestic supply wells. The P&T system was also designed to 

prevent contaminated groundwater from discharging to surface 

water, thus contaminating the ecological water supply. Lastly, 

the system was designed to remove TCE and its degradation 

products cDCE and VC from the subsurface. The P&T system 

consists of 14 recovery wells, underground transmission lines 

from the recovery wells to the P&T stripper building, and the 

P&T air stripper building. 

The Navy used TCE at NAWC as a heat transfer agent 

during tests of jet engines during 1953–95. TCE storage tanks, 

transmission lines, heat transfer units, and other related plumbing held 25,000 gallons (304,607 lbs) of TCE. TCE occasionally leaked from the plumbing system or was disposed if it 

became contaminated with water from condensation. The mass 

of TCE that leaked or was disposed of at the former NAWC 

is unknown. Estimates indicate that the amount of TCE that 

leaked or was disposed of ranged from 6,092 to 676,166 lbs. 

Reducing conditions exist in the bedrock aquifer at the 

NAWC. The conditions result, in part, from the carbon-rich 

mudstone rocks of the region and, in part, from the jet fuel 

that leaked or spilled at the NAWC. The reducing environment enabled much of the TCE to biodegrade to cDCE, VC, 

and ethane. Concentrations of TCE, cDCE, and VC in water 

samples have decreased in most recovery wells similar to 

decreases in most monitoring wells. The decrease is in part a 

result of contaminant removal by the P&T system as well as 

other activities at NAWC, including monitored natural attenuation, enhanced biodegradation, thermal conductive heating, 

and removal of contaminated soil. As much as 152,600 lbs of 

original TCE was previously estimated to be present in the 

bedrock at NAWC. 

About 250,000,000 gallons of contaminated groundwater 

was pumped and treated at NAWC during 1996–2010. Three 

methods were used to calculate the masses of TCE, cDCE, 

and VC, as well as the mass of original TCE, removed by the 

P&T system. Method 1 is based on the volume of influent 

to the P&T building and the concentration of each CVOC in 

influent to the P&T building. Method 2 is based on the volume 

of groundwater removed from each recovery well and the concentration of each CVOC in water samples from each recovery 

well. Method 3 consists of choosing the greater value from 

Method 1 or 2. The mass of original TCE removed by Methods 1, 2, and 3 are about 31,000 lbs, 38,000 lbs, and 45,000 

lbs, respectively. 

In theory, by using Methods 1 and 2, the calculated 

masses of TCE, cDCE, VC, and original TCE that were 

removed each month should be nearly identical. However, comparison of the two methods reveals that Method 

1 resulted in more original TCE removed during 1996–98 

than Method 2, and Method 2 resulted in more original TCE 

removed during 1999–2004 than Method 1. The two methods 

resulted in about the same amount of original TCE removed 

during 2005–10. The variations in calculated masses are 

believed to be the result of using multiple laboratories to analyze the water samples. 
32 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Large masses of CVOC were removed when the P&T 

system was first started in 1996 and again when the P&T 

system was expanded in 1999. During the past 5 years, the 

monthly removal rates have decreased substantially. The 

large masses initially removed were TCE, cDCE and VC held 

in the voids and adsorbed to the walls of higher transmissive fractures. During the past 5 years, the masses of CVOC 

removed are likely from voids and walls of low transmissive 

fractures and from deeper within the rock matrix. Continuing 

P&T activities will maintain the cone of depression to prevent 

movement of contaminated groundwater to surrounding residential communities and to surface-water ecological supplies, 

but lesser amounts of CVOC will be removed each month. 

References Cited 

EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc.,1995, Site 1 

Interim action well monitoring at Naval Air Warfare Center, 

Trenton, New Jersey, Report #3 (August 11, 1995): Hunt 

Valley, MD EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, 

Inc., 120 p. 

ECOR Solutions, Inc., September 2003 to November 2003, 

Groundwater pump & treat system, monthly report September 2003, NAWC Trenton, NJ: Ewing, NJ, ECOR Solutions, 

Inc., Individual reports of about 20 pages produced monthly 

from September to November 2003. 

ECOR Solutions, Inc., December 2003 to December 2009, 

Groundwater treatment plant report, Trenton, NJ: Ewing NJ, 

Individual reports of 15–20 pages produced monthly from 

December 2003 to December 2009. 

Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, November 7, 

1995, Safety, health, and emergency response plan, Naval 

Air Warfare center, Trenton, NJ; Pump-and-treat remediation of groundwater contaminated with DCE, TCE and VC: 

Houston, TX, 200 p. 

Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, February 1996 to 

December 1998, Groundwater treatment facility operations 

and maintenance monthly report, February 1996, Naval Air 

Warfare Center, Trenton, NJ: Ewing, NJ, Foster Wheeler 

Environmental Corporation, 5 p. Individual reports of 3–4 

pages produced monthly from February 1996 to 

December 1998. 

Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, February 1996, 

Groundwater treatment facility operations and maintenance 

monthly report, Naval Air Warfare Center, Trenton NJ: 

Ewing, NJ, Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 

Individual reports of 4 to 6 pages produced monthly from 

February 1996 to December 1998. 

Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, February 1996, 

Groundwater treatment facility operations and maintenance 

monthly report, Naval Air Warfare Center, Trenton NJ: 

Ewing, NJ, Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation. 

Individual reports of 15 to 20 pages produced monthly from 

January 1999 to August 2003. 

H&S Environmental, Incorporated, March 2010 to December 

2010, Groundwater treatment plant report, Trenton, NJ: 

Ewing NJ. Individual reports of 15–20 pages produced 

monthly from December March 2010 to December 2010. 

Lacombe, P.J., 2007, Estimating volume and removal of 

source TCE by pump and treat, ground water discharge, and 

bioremediation, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, 

NJ: National Groundwater Association Meeting, Portland, 

Maine, 2007, Poster. 

Rogers, Golden & Halpern, 1986, Initial Assessment Study 

Naval Air propulsion Center, Trenton, New Jersey: Philadelphia, PA, 122 p. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996, Pump-and-treat 

ground-water remediation, A guide for decision makers and 

practitioners: EPA/625/R-95/005, 90 p. 
 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Influent volume CVOC concentrations 

in influent 

Monthly CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Monthly

umulative

TCE

cDCE

VC

tDCE

TCE

cDCE

VC

tDCE

TCE

cDCE

VC 

(gal/ 

mon) 

C

(gallons) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (μg/L) (lb/ 

mon) 

(lb/ 

mon) 

(lb/ 

mon) 

(lb/ 

mon) (lb) (lb) (lb) 

Jan-1996 31 not started -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Feb-1996 28 208,413 208,413 3,000 15,000 2,500 15* 5.2 26.1 4.3 0.0 5 26 4 

Mar-1996 31 416,600 625,013 6,000 25,000 4,000 15* 20.9 86.9 13.9 0.1 26 113 18 

Apr-1996 30 596,400 1,221,413 18,000 35,000 8,000 15* 89.6 174.2 39.8 0.1 116 287 58 

May-1996 31 454,240 1,675,653 18,000 35,000 8,000 15* 68.2 132.7 30.3 0.1 184 420 88 

Jun-1996 30 390,050 2,065,703 15,000 35,000 5,000 15* 48.8 113.9 16.3 0.0 233 534 105 

Jul-1996 31 500,000 2,565,703 14,000 25,000 4,500 15* 58.4 104.3 18.8 0.1 291 638 123 

Aug-1996 31 646,700 3,212,403 13,000 30,000 4,000 15* 70.2 161.9 21.6 0.1 361 800 145 

Sep-1996 30 588,700 3,801,103 16,000 40,000 5,000 15* 78.6 196.5 24.6 0.1 440 997 170 

Oct-1996 31 468,200 4,269,303 18,000 42,000 6,000 15* 70.3 164.1 23.4 0.1 510 1,161 193 

Nov-1996 30 596,900 4,866,203 25,000 62,000 8,000 15* 124.5 308.8 39.9 0.1 635 1,470 233 

Dec-1996 31 202,500 5,068,703 25,000 60,000 10,000 15* 42.2 101.4 16.9 0.0 677 1,572 250 

Jan-1997 31 400,000 5,468,703 20,000 52,000 7,500 15* 66.8 173.6 25.0 0.1 744 1,745 275 

Feb-1997 28 468,600 5,937,303 18,000 50,000 7,500 15* 70.4 195.5 29.3 0.1 814 1,941 304 

Mar-1997 31 407,100 6,344,403 18,000 55,000 7,500 15* 61.2 186.9 25.5 0.1 875 2,128 330 

Apr-1997 30 590,200 6,934,603 18,000 55,000 7,500 15* 88.7 270.9 36.9 0.1 964 2,399 367 

May-1997 31 661,657 7,596,260 15,000 55,000 6,000 15* 82.8 303.7 33.1 0.1 1,047 2,702 400 

Jun-1997 30 586,500 8,182,760 6,000 20,000 2,000 15* 29.4 97.9 9.8 0.1 1,076 2,800 410 

Jul-1997 31 648,600 8,831,360 5,000 18,000 2,500 15* 27.1 97.4 13.5 0.1 1,103 2,898 423 

Aug-1997 31 680,900 9,512,260 8,000 26,000 4,000 15* 45.5 147.7 22.7 0.1 1,149 3,046 446 

Sep-1997 30 no report 9,512,260 -- -- -- -- 0 0 0 0 1,149 3,046 446 

Oct-1997 31 509,600 10,021,860 9,000 35,000 6,000 15* 38.3 148.8 25.5 0.1 1,187 3,195 471 

Nov-1997 30 449,200 10,471,060 12,000 37,000 7,000 15* 45.0 138.7 26.2 0.1 1,232 3,333 498 

Dec-1997 31 308,600 10,779,660 8,000 28,000 6,000 15* 20.6 72.1 15.5 0.0 1,253 3,406 513 

Jan-1998 31 362,000 11,141,660 9,000 30,000 5,000 15* 27.2 90.6 15.1 0.0 1,280 3,496 528 

Feb-1998 28 373,700 11,515,360 6,000 15,500 4,000 15* 18.7 48.3 12.5 0.0 1,298 3,545 541 

Mar-1998 31 474,344 11,989,704 5,000 18,000 4,000 15* 19.8 71.3 15.8 0.1 1,318 3,616 556 

Apr-1998 30 1,350,056 13,339,760 5,000 18,000 4,000 15* 56.3 202.8 45.1 0.2 1,375 3,819 601 

May-1998 31 1,295,600 14,635,360 4,000 12,500 4,000 15* 43.2 135.2 43.2 0.2 1,418 3,954 645 

Jun-1998 30 1,421,700 16,057,060 3,500 11,500 2,500 15* 41.5 136.4 29.7 0.2 1,459 4,091 674 

Jul-1998 31 no report 16,057,060 -- -- -- -- 1,459 4,091 674 

Aug-1998 31 1,101,700 17,158,760 1,200 2,000 500 10* 11.0 18.4 4.6 0.1 1,470 4,109 679 

Sep-1998 30 717,700 17,876,460 2,500 5,500 2,500 10* 15.0 32.9 15.0 0.1 1,485 4,142 694 

Oct-1998 31 1,353,100 19,229,560 3,500 10,000 2,200 10* 39.5 112.9 24.8 0.2 1,525 4,255 719 

Nov-1998 30 1,202,800 20,432,360 5,000 12,000 2,500 10* 50.2 120.5 25.1 0.2 1,575 4,376 744 

Dec-1998 31 1,520,500 21,952,860 4,000 9,500 2,000 10* 50.8 120.5 25.4 0.2 1,626 4,497 769 

Jan-1999 31 1,660,200 23,613,060 4,014 7,063 2,157 10* 55.6 97.9 29.9 0.2 1,681 4,595 799 

Table 1 33 
34 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Influent volume CVOC concentrations 

in influent 

Monthly CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Monthly

(gal/ 

mon) 

Cumulative

(gallons) 

TCE

(μg/L) 

cDCE

(μg/L) 

VC

(μg/L) 

tDCE

(μg/L) 

TCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

cDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

VC

(lb/ 

mon) 

tDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

TCE

(lb) 

cDCE 

(lb) 

VC 

(lb) 

Feb-1999 

Mar-1999 

Apr-1999 

May-1999 

Jun-1999 

Jul-1999 

Aug-1999 

Sep-1999 

Oct-1999 

Nov-1999 

Dec-1999 

28

31

X30

31

X30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,276,400

231,400

0 

1,888,100

0 

510,000

1,627,300

1,611,400

2,354,200

1,700,300

2,304,100

24,889,460 4,460 10,269 2,420 10* 47.5

7 

0 

65.6

0 

13.8

49.3

54.8

95.9

69.5

95.9

109.4 25.8

16 4 

0 0 

164.8 42.9

0 0 

32.1 9.4

79.7 19.6

86.8 24.2

137.9 37.7

94.0 19.9

128.0 29.8

0.2 

0 

0 

0.7

0 

0.1

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.8

1,729 4,704 825 

1,736 4,720 829 

1,736 4,720 829 

1,801 4,886 871 

1,801 4,886 871 

1,815 4,918 881 

1,864 4,998 900 

1,919 5,085 925 

2,015 5,224 962 

2,085 5,319 982 

2,181 5,447 1,012 

25,120,860 3,515 8,092 1,907 10* 

25,120,860 -- -- -- --

27,008,960 4,160 10,460 2,720 41 

27,008,960 -- -- -- --

27,518,960 3,249 7,549 2,199 26 

29,146,260 3,629 5,872 1,443 27 

30,757,660 4,071 6,457 1,800 42 

33,111,860 4,883 7,016 1,917 39 

34,812,160 4,900 6,625 1,400 40 

37,116,260 4,986 6,657 1,550 42 

Jan-2000 31 1,764,300 38,880,560 4,800 6,400 853 37 70.7 94.2 12.6 0.5 2,251 5,542 1,025 

Feb-2000 

Mar-2000 

Apr-2000 

May-2000 

Jun-2000 

Jul-2000 

Aug-2000 

Sep-2000 

Oct-2000 

Nov-2000 

Dec-2000 

29

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,762,800

1,858,300

2,014,800

1,746,300

1,975,800

1,893,500

2,134,000

1,538,500

952,000

1,434,300

1,833,000

40,643,360 4,525 6,212 1,525 37 66.6

78.5

87.9

72.9

75.9

26.9

41.0

48.8

25.4

58.7

75.0

91.4 22.4

102.4 26.1

108.5 25.6

92.9 20.8

95.9 17.7

74.3 6.8

50.2 33.5

47.5 27.6

39.3 11.1

88.6 20.4

113.2 26.0

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.5

0.2 

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.5

0.7

2,318 5,634 1,047 

2,396 5,737 1,073 

2,484 5,846 1,099 

2,557 5,940 1,119 

2,633 6,036 1,137 

2,660 6,110 1,144 

2,701 6,161 1,177 

2,749 6,209 1,205 

2,775 6,248 1,216 

2,833 6,338 1,236 

2,908 6,451 1,262 

42,501,660 5,060 6,600 1,680 37 

44,516,460 5,225 6,450 1,525 39 

46,262,760 5,000 6,375 1,425 36 

48,238,560 4,600 5,817 1,072 28 

50,132,060 1,700 4,700 430 13 

52,266,060 2,300 2,820 1,880 22 

53,804,560 3,800 3,703 2,150 29 

54,756,560 3,200 4,950 1,400 29 

56,190,860 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 

58,023,860 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 

Jan-2001 31 2,353,300 60,377,160 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 96.2 145.3 33.4 0.8 3,005 6,598 1,296 

Feb-2001 

Mar-2001 

Apr-2001 

May-2001 

Jun-2001 

Jul-2001 

Aug-2001 

Sep-2001 

Oct-2001 

Nov-2001 

Dec-2001 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,792,200

2,198,200

1,889,100

1,752,400

2,061,100

2,072,300

1,747,000

1,286,000

2,256,700

1,922,500

1,938,500

62,169,360 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 73.3

89.9

77.3

71.7

74.0

85.6

71.4

41.9

54.6

24.1

38.1

110.7 25.4

135.8 31.2

116.7 26.8

108.2 24.9

111.8 46.4

108.1 34.6

107.9 24.8

10.7 22.5

155.4 30.1

46.5 9.6

104.7 31.4

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.1

0.2

3,078 6,709 1,321 

3,168 6,845 1,352 

3,245 6,963 1,379 

3,317 7,072 1,404 

3,391 7,184 1,451 

3,476 7,293 1,485 

3,548 7,402 1,510 

3,590 7,413 1,532 

3,644 7,569 1,563 

3,668 7,616 1,572 

3,706 7,720 1,604 

64,367,560 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 

66,256,660 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 

68,009,060 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 

70,070,160 4,300 6,500 2,700 43 

72,142,460 4,950 6,250 2,000 49 

73,889,460 4,900 7,400 1,700 43 

75,175,460 3,900 1,000 2,100 59 

77,432,160 2,900 8,250 1,600 32 

79,354,660 1,500 2,900 600 6 

81,293,160 2,357 6,471 1,943 11 

Jan-2002 31 2,015,000 83,308,160 2,229 5,529 1,957 9 37.5 93.0 32.9 0.2 3,744 7,814 1,637 

Feb-2002 28 1,658,600 84,966,760 2,233 4,933 1,583 9 30.9 68.3 21.9 0.1 3,775 7,882 1,658 
Table 1 35 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Influent volume CVOC concentrations 

in influent 

Monthly CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Monthly

(gal/ 

mon) 

Cumulative

(gallons) 

TCE

(μg/L) 

cDCE

(μg/L) 

VC

(μg/L) 

tDCE

(μg/L) 

TCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

cDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

VC

(lb/ 

mon) 

tDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

TCE

(lb) 

cDCE 

(lb) 

VC 

(lb) 

Mar-2002 

Apr-2002 

May-2002 

Jun-2002 

Jul-2002 

Aug-2002 

Sep-2002 

Oct-2002 

Nov-2002 

Dec-2002 

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

2,074,000

1,891,300

1,241,400

1,831,400

2,209,100

1,754,300

1,721,400

2,193,000

1,996,500

2,321,700

87,040,760 2,875 6,750 2,000 11 49.8

50.1

25.4

48.5

52.2

43.9

34.5

53.4

37.9

47.2

116.8 34.6

105.8 26.4

53.9 14.0

115.4 24.5

129.1 27.0

100.0 22.0

75.7 21.1

122.3 32.6

90.4 23.1

112.4 31.7

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

3,825 7,999 1,693 

3,875 8,105 1,720 

3,900 8,159 1,734 

3,949 8,275 1,758 

4,001 8,404 1,785 

4,045 8,504 1,807 

4,079 8,580 1,828 

4,133 8,702 1,861 

4,171 8,793 1,884 

4,218 8,905 1,915 

88,932,060 3,175 6,700 1,675 13 

90,173,460 2,450 5,200 1,350 16 

92,004,860 3,175 7,550 1,600 12 

94,213,960 2,833 7,000 1,467 12 

95,968,260 3,000 6,833 1,500 14 

97,689,660 2,400 5,267 1,467 15 

99,882,660 2,920 6,680 1,780 8 

101,879,160 2,275 5,425 1,385 10 

104,200,860 2,433 5,800 1,634 12 

Jan-2003 31 2,307,200 106,508,060 2,775 5,475 1,475 9 53.4 105.4 28.4 0.2 4,271 9,011 1,944 

Feb-2003 

Mar-2003 

Apr-2003 

May-2003 

Jun-2003 

Jul-2003 

Aug-2003 

Sep-2003 

Oct-2003 

Nov-2003 

Dec-2003 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,691,100

2,080,800

1,766,500

1,904,300

1,891,400

2,235,400

1,081,700

1,163,500

1,471,500

1,465,100

1,273,900

108,199,160 9,417 4,334 1,350 10 132.9

150.6

42.3

33.4

26.8

32.5

9.6

3.6

56.5

59.9

24.4

61.2 19.1

81.2 21.4

87.0 19.2

58.8 16.2

55.3 16.6

77.0 21.7

26.2 7.6

5.6 3.0

79.8 7.0

73.4 4.2

59.4 14.8

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4,404 9,072 1,963 

4,555 9,154 1,984 

4,597 9,241 2,003 

4,630 9,300 2,020 

4,657 9,355 2,036 

4,690 9,432 2,058 

4,699 9,458 2,066 

4,703 9,464 2,069 

4,759 9,544 2,076 

4,819 9,617 2,080 

4,844 9,677 2,094 

110,279,960 8,675 4,675 1,234 10 

112,046,460 2,867 5,900 1,300 13 

113,950,760 2,100 3,700 1,021 10 

115,842,160 1,700 3,500 1,050 0 

118,077,560 1,744 4,125 1,164 11 

119,159,260 1,067 2,900 842 0 

120,322,760 368 575 310 0 

121,794,260 4,600 6,500 570 0 

123,259,360 4,900 6,000 340 0 

124,533,260 2,295 5,587 1,392 0 

Jan-2004 31 812,100 125,345,360 3,497 4,795 664 0 23.7 32.5 4.5 0.0 4,867 9,709 2,099 

Feb-2004 

Mar-2004 

Apr-2004 

May-2004 

Jun-2004 

Jul-2004 

Aug-2004 

Sep-2004 

Oct-2004 

Nov-2004 

Dec-2004 

29

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,540,230

1,708,399

2,264,424

2,154,300

2,507,400

2,421,300

2,444,200

2,396,300

1,649,300

1,282,200

983,300

126,885,590 3,493 5,586 739 0 44.9

62.2

71.6

71.7

85.6

82.7

85.5

75.8

54.9

45.9

73.7

71.8 9.5

83.4 8.3

90.5 7.9

68.2 5.9

87.7 3.8

76.6 4.4

73.3 3.3

69.8 4.0

56.3 3.8

45.9 3.6

81.1 4.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4,912 9,781 2,108 

4,975 9,864 2,117 

5,046 9,955 2,125 

5,118 10,023 2,131 

5,203 10,111 2,134 

5,286 10,187 2,139 

5,372 10,261 2,142 

5,447 10,330 2,146 

5,502 10,387 2,150 

5,548 10,433 2,153 

5,622 10,514 2,158 

128,593,989 4,363 5,850 582 0 

130,858,413 3,789 4,789 418 0 

133,012,713 3,988 3,793 328 0 

135,520,113 4,091 4,191 182 0 

137,941,413 4,093 3,791 218 0 

140,385,613 4,192 3,594 162 0 

142,781,913 3,790 3,490 200 0 

144,431,213 3,989 4,090 276 0 

145,713,413 4,290 4,290 336 0 

146,696,713 8,981 9,883 524 0 

Jan-2005 31 1,634,900 148,331,613 4,588 3,892 308 0 62.6 53.1 4.2 0.0 5,685 10,567 2,162 

Feb-2005 

Mar-2005 

28

31

1,948,400

2,185,460

150,280,013 4,188 3,690 301 0 

4,189 3,789 302 16 

68.1

76.4

60.0 4.9

69.1 5.5

0.0

0.3

5,753 10,627 2,167 

152,465,473 5,829 10,696 2,172
36 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Influent volume CVOC concentrations 

in influent 

Monthly CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Monthly

(gal/ 

mon) 

Cumulative

(gallons) 

TCE

(μg/L) 

cDCE

(μg/L) 

VC

(μg/L) 

tDCE

(μg/L) 

TCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

cDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

VC

(lb/ 

mon) 

tDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

TCE

(lb) 

cDCE 

(lb) 

VC 

(lb) 

Apr-2005 

May-2005 

Jun-2005 

Jul-2005 

Aug-2005 

Sep-2005 

Oct-2005 

Nov-2005 

Dec-2005 

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

30

2,349,400

2,216,200

1,817,600

1,683,200

1,102,300

1,223,400

1,096,600

1,750,400

1,842,100

154,814,873 3,790 4,192 479 0 

3,390 3,293 297 0 

2,795 4,193 745 0 

2,791 3,794 548 0 

3,587 4,392 402 0 

1,694 2,292 313 0 

2,699 3,988 918 0 

1,095 1,794 281 0 

3,291 3,688 332 0 

74.3

62.7

42.4

39.2

33.0

17.3

24.7

16.0

50.6

82.2 9.4

60.9 5.5

63.6 11.3

53.3 7.7

40.4 3.7

23.4 3.2

36.5 8.4

26.2 4.1

56.7 5.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

5,903 10,778 2,182 

5,966 10,839 2,187 

6,008 10,903 2,199 

6,048 10,956 2,206 

6,081 10,997 2,210 

6,098 11,020 2,213 

6,123 11,057 2,222 

6,139 11,083 2,226 

6,189 11,139 2,231 

157,031,073 

158,848,673 

160,531,873 

161,634,173 

162,857,573 

163,954,173 

165,704,573 

167,546,673 

Jan-2006 31 1,975,000 169,521,673 2,894 4,587 546 0 47.7 75.6 9.0 0.0 6,237 11,215 2,240 

Feb-2006 

Mar-2006 

Apr-2006 

May-2006 

Jun-2006 

Jul-2006 

Aug-2006 

Sep-2006 

Oct-2006 

Nov-2006 

Dec-2006 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,656,900

1,683,900

2,326,400

2,306,700

1,748,500

1,318,000

1,636,500

1,299,800

1,207,400

1,083,200

1,845,100

171,178,573 3,493 4,592 607 0 

2,996 3,693 377 0 

2,993 2,807 309 10 

3,590 3,293 291 10 

3,591 4,091 452 0 

2,891 4,191 536 0 

2,995 3,793 476 15 

3,688 3,393 286 0 

3,990 3,791 308 0 

4,093 3,097 177 0 

4,488 4,988 468 0 

48.3

42.1

58.1

69.1

52.4

31.8

40.9

40.0

40.2

37.0

69.1

63.5 8.4

51.9 5.3

54.5 6.0

63.4 5.6

59.7 6.6

46.1 5.9

51.8 6.5

36.8 3.1

38.2 3.1

28.0 1.6

76.8 7.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

6,285 11,279 2,248 

6,327 11,330 2,253 

6,385 11,385 2,259 

6,455 11,449 2,265 

6,507 11,508 2,272 

6,539 11,555 2,278 

6,580 11,607 2,284 

6,620 11,643 2,287 

6,660 11,682 2,290 

6,697 11,710 2,292 

6,766 11,786 2,299 

172,862,473 

175,188,873 

177,495,573 

179,244,073 

180,562,073 

182,198,573 

183,498,373 

184,705,773 

185,788,973 

187,634,073 

Jan-2007 31 2,162,400 189,796,473 4,289 4,189 371 0 77.4 75.6 6.7 0.0 6,843 11,862 2,306 

Feb-2007 

Mar-2007 

Apr-2007 

May-2007 

Jun-2007 

Jul-2007 

Aug-2007 

Sep-2007 

Oct-2007 

Nov-2007 

Dec-2007 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,834,500

1,991,000

970,700

809,800

1,448,300

2,068,500

2,102,100

2,004,300

1,858,900

1,760,500

1,913,700

191,630,973 3,690 3,788 418 0 

3,292 3,491 277 0 

2,691 2,790 222 0 

3,433 2,752 281 0 

1,944 1,853 149 8 

2,196 1,813 151 12 

2,434 1,613 131 29 

2,057 2,051 149 18 

2,263 1,508 103 64 

2,634 2,205 177 54 

2,573 2,473 294 138 

56.5

54.7

21.8

23.2

23.5

37.9

42.7

34.4

35.1

38.7

41.1

58.0 6.4

58.0 4.6

22.6 1.8

18.6 1.9

22.4 1.8

31.3 2.6

28.3 2.3

34.3 2.5

23.4 1.6

32.4 2.6

39.5 4.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.3

1.0

0.8

2.2

6,900 11,920 2,312 

6,955 11,978 2,317 

6,976 12,001 2,319 

7,000 12,019 2,320 

7,023 12,042 2,322 

7,061 12,073 2,325 

7,104 12,102 2,327 

7,138 12,137 2,330 

7,173 12,161 2,331 

7,212 12,194 2,334 

7,253 12,236 2,339 

193,621,973 

194,592,673 

195,402,473 

196,850,773 

198,919,273 

201,021,373 

203,025,673 

204,884,573 

206,645,073 

208,558,773 

Jan-2008 31 1,467,099 210,025,872 3,202 2,458 221 16 39.2 30.1 2.7 0.2 7,292 12,266 2,341 

Feb-2008 

Mar-2008 

Apr-2008 

29

31

30

1,417,900

1,504,700

2,082,900

211,443,772 3,583 2,409 194 17 

3,154 2,222 231 88 

1,933 874 132 52 

42.4

39.6

33.6

28.5 2.3

27.9 2.9

15.2 2.3

0.2

1.1

0.9

7,335 12,295 2,344 

7,374 12,324 2,346 

7,408 12,340 2,349 

212,948,472 

215,031,372 
Table 1 37 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Influent volume CVOC concentrations 

in influent 

Monthly CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

mass removed 

from influent 

Monthly

(gal/ 

mon) 

Cumulative

(gallons) 

TCE

(μg/L) 

cDCE

(μg/L) 

VC

(μg/L) 

tDCE

(μg/L) 

TCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

cDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

VC

(lb/ 

mon) 

tDCE

(lb/ 

mon) 

TCE

(lb) 

cDCE 

(lb) 

VC 

(lb) 

May-2008 

Jun-2008 

Jul-2008 

Aug-2008 

Sep-2008 

Oct-2008 

Nov-2008 

Dec-2008 

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,977,400

1,341,400

1,838,900

1,497,600

1,837,100

2,200,200

2,333,500

2,110,700

217,008,772 1,757 1,266 91 24 

2,242 1,268 80 9 

2,535 984 65 13 

3,216 1,608 72 72 

2,302 1,924 235 13 

1,618 2,070 338 44 

2,496 2,383 313 21 

2,038 2,390 341 17 

29.0

25.1

38.9

40.2

35.3

29.7

48.6

35.9

20.9 1.5

14.2 0.9

15.1 1.0

20.1 0.9

29.5 3.6

38.0 6.2

46.4 6.1

42.1 6.0

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.9

0.2

0.8

0.4

0.3

7,437 12,361 2,350 

7,462 12,376 2,351 

7,501 12,391 2,352 

7,541 12,412 2,353 

7,576 12,442 2,357 

7,606 12,480 2,363 

7,655 12,527 2,369 

7,690 12,570 2,375 

218,350,172 

220,189,072 

221,686,672 

223,523,772 

225,723,972 

228,057,472 

230,168,172 

Jan-2009 31 2,168,100 232,336,272 2,305 2,885 249 28 41.7 52.2 4.5 0.5 7,732 12,622 2,379 

Feb-2009 

Mar-2009 

Apr-2009 

May-2009 

Jun-2009 

Jul-2009 

Aug-2009 

Sep-2009 

Oct-2009 

Nov-2009 

Dec-2009 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

30

30

30

2,204,400

2,110,200

2,222,800

2,235,100

1,834,200

2,088,600

2,076,500

1,849,100

2,194,900

1,960,300

1,780,000

234,540,672 2,066 2,577 245 33 

1,704 1,936 221 17 

1,784 1,881 216 16 

2,144 2,220 193 38 

5,899 9,460 274 274 

1,968 2,874 57 17 

1,298 1,697 156 17 

1,847 2,566 305 19 

2,255 2,844 257 27 

2,525 3,894 452 31 

3,561 4,658 539 40 

38.0

30.0

33.1

40.0

90.3

34.3

22.5

28.5

41.3

41.3

52.9

47.4 4.5

34.1 3.9

34.9 4.0

41.4 3.6

144.8 4.2

50.1 1.0

29.4 2.7

39.6 4.7

52.1 4.7

63.7 7.4

69.2 8.0

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.7

4.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.6

7,770 12,670 2,384 

7,800 12,705 2,388 

7,833 12,740 2,392 

7,873 12,782 2,395 

7,964 12,931 2,400 

7,998 12,981 2,401 

8,020 13,011 2,403 

8,049 13,051 2,408 

8,090 13,104 2,413 

8,131 13,168 2,420 

8,184 13,238 2,428 

236,650,872 

238,873,672 

241,108,772 

242,942,972 

245,031,572 

247,108,072 

248,957,172 

251,152,072 

253,112,372 

254,892,372 

Jan-2010 31 1,975,100 256,867,472 2,136 2,930 267 0 35.2 48.3 4.4 0.0 8,220 13,286 2,433 

Feb-2010 

Mar-2010 

Apr-2010 

May-2010 

Jun-2010 

Jul-2010 

Aug-2010 

Sep-2010 

Oct-2010 

Nov-2010 

Dec-2010 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

1,810,900

2,092,500

2,247,200

2,327,300

2,236,200

2,273,900

2,101,900

1,954,400

2,146,600

2,123,600

1,906,900

258,678,372 2,415 2,455 99 26 

1,758 1,684 57 23 

2,373 1,877 123 16 

2,003 1,385 31 26 

2,304 2,074 32 16 

1,744 1,555 116 16 

2,326 2,058 131 97 

2,661 1,766 98 18 

2,272 3,014 357 22 

2,635 2,105 28 11 

2,922 2,664 239 19 

36.5

30.7

44.5

38.9

43

33.1

40.8

43.4

40.7

46.7

46.5

37.1 1.5

29.4 1.0

35.2 2.3

26.9 0.6

38.7 0.6

29.5 2.2

36.1 2.3

28.8 1.6

54.0 6.4

37.3 0.5

42.4 3.8

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.3

1.7

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.3

8,256 13,323 2,434 

8,287 13,353 2,435 

8,331 13,389 2,437 

8,370 13,416 2,438 

8,413 13,455 2,439 

8,446 13,485 2,441 

8,487 13,523 2,443 

8,530 13,552 2,445 

8,571 13,606 2,451 

8,618 13,644 2,452 

8,664 13,686 2,455 

260,770,872 

263,018,072 

265,345,372 

267,581,572 

269,855,472 

271,957,372 

273,911,772 

276,058,372 

278,181,972 

280,088,872 

Minimum≠0 202,500 368 575 28 4.0 3.6 5.6 0.5 0.1 

Mean 1,544,802 4,716 9,097 1,575 21 49 77 14 0 

Maximum 2,507,400 25,000 62,000 10,000 274 151 309 46 4 
38 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Monthly CVOC

 number of moles removed

 from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

number of moles removed 

from influent 

Original TCE 

removed 

from influent 

Navy reported, 

simple sum 

TCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

VC 

(moles/ 

mon) 

Summed

CVOCs

(moles/ 

mon) 

TCE 

(mole) 

cDCE 

(mole) 

VC 

(mole) 

Summed

CVOCs 

(mole) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb) 

Monthly

total CVOC 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Cumulative total

CVOCs 

(lb) 

Jan-1996 31 -- --

Feb-1996 

Mar-1996 

Apr-1996 

May-1996 

Jun-1996 

Jul-1996 

Aug-1996 

Sep-1996 

Oct-1996 

Nov-1996 

Dec-1996 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

18 122 32 172 

72 407 101 580 

309 815 289 1,414 

236 621 220 1,077 

169 533 118 820 

202 488 136 826 

242 758 157 1,157 

271 920 178 1,369 

243 768 170 1,181 

430 1,445 289 2,165 

146 475 123 743 

18 122 32 172 

90 529 133 752 

399 1,344 422 2,165 

635 1,965 642 3,242 

803 2,499 760 4,062 

1,005 2,987 896 4,888 

1,247 3,745 1,053 6,045 

1,519 4,665 1,231 7,415 

1,762 5,433 1,401 8,596 

2,191 6,878 1,691 10,760 

2,337 7,353 1,813 11,503 

50 50 

168 218 

409 627 

312 939 

238 1,177 

239 1,416 

335 1,751 

397 2,148 

342 2,490 

627 3,117 

215 3,332 

36 36 

122 157 

304 461 

231 692 

179 871 

182 1,053 

254 1,307 

300 1,607 

258 1,864 

473 2,338 

161 2,498 

Jan-1997 31 230 812 182 1,225 2,568 8,165 1,995 12,728 355 3,687 265 2,764 

Feb-1997 

Mar-1997 

Apr-1997 

May-1997 

Jun-1997 

Jul-1997 

Aug-1997 

Sep-1997 

Oct-1997 

Nov-1997 

Dec-1997 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

243 915 213 1,371

211 874 185 1,271

306 1,268 268 1,842

286 1,421 240 1,948

101 458 71 631

93 456 98 648

157 692 165 1,014

- - - -

132 697 185 1,014

155 649 190 995

71 338 112 521

 2,811 9,080 2,208 14,099 

3,022 9,955 2,393 15,369 

3,328 11,222 2,661 17,211 

3,614 12,644 2,901 19,159 

3,715 13,102 2,973 19,790 

3,809 13,558 3,071 20,438 

3,966 14,250 3,236 21,451 

3,966 14,250 3,236 21,451 

4,098 14,947 3,421 22,465 

4,253 15,596 3,611 23,460 

4,324 15,933 3,724 23,981 

397 4,084 

368 4,452 

534 4,986 

564 5,550 

183 5,732 

188 5,920 

294 6,214 

- 6,214 

294 6,507 

288 6,796 

151 6,947 

295 3,059 

274 3,333 

397 3,729 

420 4,149 

137 4,286 

138 4,424 

216 4,640 

- 4,640 

213 4,853 

210 5,063 

108 5,171 

Jan-1998 31 94 424 110 628 4,418 16,358 3,833 24,609 182 7,128 133 5,304 

Feb-1998 

Mar-1998 

Apr-1998 

May-1998 

Jun-1998 

Jul-1998 

Aug-1998 

Sep-1998 

Oct-1998 

Nov-1998 

Dec-1998 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

65 226 91 382

68 334 115 517

194 950 327 1,471

149 633 314 1,096

143 639 215 998

- - - -

38 87 33 158

52 155 109 315

136 529 180 846

173 564 182 920

175 565 184 924

 4,483 16,584 3,924 24,990 

4,551 16,918 4,039 25,507 

4,745 17,867 4,366 26,979 

4,895 18,500 4,680 28,075 

5,038 19,140 4,895 29,073 

5,038 19,140 4,895 29,073 

5,076 19,226 4,928 29,231 

5,128 19,381 5,037 29,546 

5,264 19,910 5,217 30,392 

5,438 20,474 5,400 31,311 

5,613 21,039 5,584 32,236 

111 7,239 

150 7,389 

426 7,815 

318 8,132 

289 8,421 

- 8,421 

46 8,467 

91 8,558 

245 8,803 

266 9,070 

268 9,338 

80 5,384 

107 5,491 

304 5,795 

222 6,017 

208 6,225 

- 6,225 

34 6,259 

63 6,322 

177 6,499 

196 6,695 

197 6,892 

Jan-1999 31 192 459 217 868 5,805 21,498 5,801 33,103 251 9,589 184 7,076 
Table 1 39 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Monthly CVOC

 number of moles removed

 from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

number of moles removed 

from influent 

Original TCE 

removed 

from influent 

Navy reported, 

simple sum 

TCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

VC 

(moles/ 

mon) 

Summed

CVOCs 

(moles/ 

mon) 

TCE 

(mole) 

cDCE 

(mole) 

VC 

(mole) 

Summed

CVOCs 

(mole) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb) 

Monthly

total CVOC 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Cumulative total

CVOCs 

(lb) 

Feb-1999 

Mar-1999 

Apr-1999 

May-1999 

Jun-1999 

Jul-1999 

Aug-1999 

Sep-1999 

Oct-1999 

Nov-1999 

Dec-1999 

28

31

X30

31

X30

31

31

30

31

30

31

164 513 187 864

23 73 27 123

0 0 0 0

226 774 311 1,312

0 0 0 0

48 151 68 267

170 375 142 687

189 409 176 774

331 649 273 1,253

240 443 144 827

331 603 216 1,150

 5,969 22,010 5,988 33,967 

5,992 22,084 6,015 34,091 

5,992 22,084 6,015 34,091 

6,219 22,858 6,326 35,402 

6,219 22,858 6,326 35,402 

6,266 23,009 6,394 35,669 

6,436 23,383 6,536 36,356 

6,625 23,792 6,712 37,129 

6,957 24,441 6,985 38,383 

7,197 24,883 7,129 39,209 

7,528 25,486 7,346 40,359 

250 9,839 

36 9,875 

0 9,875 

380 10,255 

0 10,255 

77 10,332 

199 10,531 

224 10,755 

363 11,118 

239 11,358 

333 11,691 

183 7,258 

26 7,284 

0 7,284 

274 7,558 

0 7,558 

55 7,614 

149 7,763 

166 7,929 

272 8,201 

184 8,385 

254 8,640 

Jan-2000 31 244 443 91 779 7,772 25,929 7,437 41,138 226 11,916 178 8,818 

Feb-2000 

Mar-2000 

Apr-2000 

May-2000 

Jun-2000 

Jul-2000 

Aug-2000 

Sep-2000 

Oct-2000 

Nov-2000 

Dec-2000 

29

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

230 430 163 823

271 482 189 942

303 510 186 1,000

252 437 151 840

262 451 128 841

93 348 49 490

141 237 243 621

168 224 200 593

88 185 81 354

202 417 148 767

259 533 189 980

 8,001 26,360 7,600 41,961 

8,272 26,841 7,789 42,902 

8,576 27,352 7,975 43,902 

8,827 27,789 8,126 44,741 

9,089 28,240 8,254 45,583 

9,182 28,588 8,303 46,073 

9,323 28,825 8,546 46,694 

9,492 29,049 8,747 47,287 

9,579 29,234 8,827 47,641 

9,782 29,651 8,975 48,408 

10,041 30,184 9,164 49,388 

238 12,155 

273 12,427 

290 12,717 

243 12,960 

244 13,204 

142 13,346 

180 13,526 

172 13,697 

102 13,800 

222 14,022 

284 14,306 

181 8,999 

207 9,206 

223 9,429 

187 9,616 

190 9,806 

108 9,914 

125 10,039 

124 10,163 

76 10,239 

168 10,407 

215 10,622 

Jan-2001 31 332 684 242 1,258 10,373 30,867 9,406 50,646 365 14,671 276 10,898 

Feb-2001 

Mar-2001 

Apr-2001 

May-2001 

Jun-2001 

Jul-2001 

Aug-2001 

Sep-2001 

Oct-2001 

Nov-2001 

Dec-2001 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

253 521 185 958

310 639 226 1,176

267 549 195 1,010

247 509 180 937

255 527 337 1,119

296 510 251 1,056

247 508 180 934

145 53 164 361

189 730 219 1,137

83 218 70 371

132 491 228 850

 10,626 31,388 9,591 51,605 

10,936 32,027 9,817 52,780 

 11,203 32,576 10,012 53,791 

 11,450 33,085 10,192 54,728 

 11,706 33,612 10,529 55,847 

12,001 34,122 10,780 56,903 

12,248 34,629 10,960 57,837 

12,392 34,682 11,124 58,199 

12,581 35,412 11,343 59,336 

12,664 35,630 11,412 59,707 

12,796 36,121 11,641 60,557 

278 14,948 

341 15,289 

293 15,581 

271 15,853 

324 16,177 

306 16,483 

271 16,753 

105 16,858 

329 17,187 

108 17,295 

246 17,541 

210 11,108 

258 11,366 

221 11,587 

205 11,792 

233 12,025 

229 12,255 

205 12,459 

76 12,535 

241 12,776 

80 12,856 

174 13,031 

Jan-2002 31 129 436 239 804 12,925 36,557 11,879 61,361 233 17,774 164 13,194 

Feb-2002 28 107 320 159 586 13,032 36,877 12,039 61,947 170 17,944 121 13,315 
40 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Monthly CVOC

 number of moles removed

 from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

number of moles removed 

from influent 

Original TCE 

removed 

from influent 

Navy reported, 

simple sum 

TCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

VC 

(moles/ 

mon) 

Summed

CVOCs

(moles/ 

mon) 

TCE 

(mole) 

cDCE 

(mole) 

VC 

(mole) 

Summed

CVOCs 

(mole) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb) 

Monthly

total CVOC 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Cumulative total

CVOCs 

(lb) 

Mar-2002 

Apr-2002 

May-2002 

Jun-2002 

Jul-2002 

Aug-2002 

Sep-2002 

Oct-2002 

Nov-2002 

Dec-2002 

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

172 547 251 971

173 496 192 861

88 253 102 442

168 541 177 886

180 605 196 981

152 469 159 780

119 355 153 627

184 573 236 994

131 424 168 722

163 527 230 919

 13,203 37,424 12,290 62,917 

13,376 37,920 12,482 63,778 

13,464 38,173 12,583 64,220 

13,632 38,713 12,761 65,106 

13,812 39,318 12,957 66,087 

13,964 39,787 13,116 66,867 

14,083 40,142 13,269 67,494 

14,267 40,715 13,506 68,488 

14,398 41,139 13,673 69,210 

14,561 41,665 13,903 70,129 

281 18,225 

249 18,474 

128 18,602 

257 18,859 

284 19,143 

226 19,369 

182 19,551 

288 19,839 

209 20,048 

266 20,314 

201 13,517 

183 13,699 

93 13,793 

189 13,981 

209 14,190 

166 14,356 

131 14,487 

208 14,696 

152 14,847 

191 15,039 

Jan-2003 31 184 494 206 885 14,745 42,159 14,109 71,014 256 20,570 187 15,226 

Feb-2003 

Mar-2003 

Apr-2003 

May-2003 

Jun-2003 

Jul-2003 

Aug-2003 

Sep-2003 

Oct-2003 

Nov-2003 

Dec-2003 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

459 287 138 884

520 381 155 1,056

146 408 139 693

115 276 118 509

93 258 120 471

112 361 158 631

33 122 55 211

12 26 22 60

195 373 51 619

207 343 30 580

84 278 107 470

 15,204 42,446 14,248 71,898 

15,724 42,827 14,403 72,954 

15,870 43,235 14,542 73,647 

15,985 43,511 14,660 74,156 

16,078 43,769 14,780 74,627 

16,190 44,130 14,938 75,258 

16,223 44,253 14,993 75,469 

16,236 44,279 15,015 75,529 

16,431 44,652 15,066 76,148 

16,637 44,995 15,096 76,729 

16,722 45,273 15,203 77,198 

256 20,826 

306 21,132 

201 21,333 

147 21,480 

137 21,617 

183 21,800 

61 21,861 

17 21,878 

179 22,058 

168 22,226 

136 22,362 

213 15,439 

253 15,693 

149 15,841 

109 15,950 

99 16,048 

131 16,180 

43 16,223 

12 16,235 

143 16,379 

137 16,516 

99 16,615 

Jan-2004 31 82 152 33 267 16,804 45,425 15,236 77,465 77 22,439 61 16,675 

Feb-2004 

Mar-2004 

Apr-2004 

May-2004 

Jun-2004 

Jul-2004 

Aug-2004 

Sep-2004 

Oct-2004 

Nov-2004 

Dec-2004 

29

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

155 336 69 560

215 390 60 665

247 423 57 728

248 319 43 609

296 410 28 733

286 358 32 676

295 343 24 662

262 327 29 617

190 263 28 481

158 215 26 399

254 379 31 665

 16,959 45,761 15,305 78,025 

17,173 46,151 15,365 78,690 

17,420 46,575 15,422 79,418 

17,668 46,894 15,465 80,027 

17,963 47,304 15,493 80,761 

18,249 47,663 15,525 81,436 

18,544 48,006 15,549 82,098 

18,806 48,332 15,578 82,716 

18,995 48,595 15,605 83,196 

19,154 48,810 15,632 83,596 

19,408 49,190 15,663 84,261 

162 22,601 

193 22,794 

211 23,005 

177 23,181 

212 23,394 

196 23,589 

192 23,781 

179 23,960 

139 24,099 

116 24,215 

193 24,407 

126 16,802 

154 16,956 

170 17,126 

146 17,271 

177 17,448 

164 17,612 

162 17,774 

150 17,924 

115 18,039 

95 18,134 

159 18,293 

Jan-2005 31 216 248 30 495 19,624 49,438 15,693 84,756 143 24,551 120 18,413 

Feb-2005 

Mar-2005 

28

31

235 281 36 551

264 325 40 628

 19,859 49,719 15,729 85,307 

20,123 50,044 15,769 85,935 

160 24,711 

182 24,893 

133 18,546 

151 18,698 
Table 1 41 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 

Date Days 

Monthly CVOC

 number of moles removed

 from influent 

Cumulative CVOC 

number of moles removed 

from influent 

Original TCE 

removed 

from influent 

Navy reported, 

simple sum 

TCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

mon) 

VC 

(moles/ 

mon) 

Summed

CVOCs 

(moles/ 

mon) 

TCE 

(mole) 

cDCE 

(mole) 

VC 

(mole) 

Summed

CVOCs 

(mole) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Original

TCE

removed 

(lb) 

Monthly

total CVOC 

(lb/ 

mon) 

Cumulative total

CVOCs 

(lb) 

Apr-2005 

May-2005 

Jun-2005 

Jul-2005 

Aug-2005 

Sep-2005 

Oct-2005 

Nov-2005 

Dec-2005 

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

30

257 385 68 709

216 285 40 541

146 298 82 526

135 249 56 441

114 189 27 330

60 109 23 192

85 171 61 317

55 123 30 208

175 265 37 477

 20,380 50,428 15,837 86,645 

20,596 50,713 15,877 87,186 

20,743 51,011 15,959 87,712 

20,878 51,260 16,015 88,153 

20,992 51,449 16,042 88,482 

21,052 51,558 16,065 88,675 

21,137 51,729 16,126 88,992 

21,192 51,852 16,156 89,199 

21,367 52,117 16,193 89,676 

205 25,098 

157 25,255 

152 25,407 

128 25,535 

96 25,630 

56 25,686 

92 25,778 

60 25,838 

138 25,976 

166 18,863 

129 18,993 

117 19,110 

100 19,210 

77 19,287 

44 19,331 

70 19,401 

46 19,447 

112 19,559 

Jan-2006 31 165 354 65 584 21,531 52,471 16,258 90,260 169 26,145 132 19,692 

Feb-2006 

Mar-2006 

Apr-2006 

May-2006 

Jun-2006 

Jul-2006 

Aug-2006 

Sep-2006 

Oct-2006 

Nov-2006 

Dec-2006 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

167 297 61 525

145 243 38 427

201 256 44 500

239 298 41 577

181 279 48 508

110 216 43 368

141 243 47 432

138 172 23 333

139 179 23 340

128 131 12 270

239 359 52 650

 21,698 52,768 16,319 90,785 

21,843 53,011 16,357 91,212 

22,044 53,267 16,401 91,712 

22,283 53,564 16,442 92,288 

22,464 53,843 16,490 92,797 

22,573 54,059 16,532 93,165 

22,714 54,302 16,580 93,597 

22,853 54,475 16,602 93,929 

22,991 54,653 16,625 94,269 

 23,119 54,784 16,636 94,540 

23,358 55,144 16,688 95,190 

152 26,297 

124 26,421 

145 26,566 

167 26,733 

147 26,880 

107 26,987 

125 27,112 

96 27,208 

98 27,307 

78 27,385 

188 27,573 

120 19,812 

99 19,911 

119 20,030 

138 20,168 

119 20,287 

84 20,371 

99 20,470 

80 20,550 

82 20,632 

67 20,698 

153 20,851 

Jan-2007 31 267 354 49 670 23,625 55,497 16,737 95,859 194 27,767 160 21,011 

Feb-2007 

Mar-2007 

Apr-2007 

May-2007 

Jun-2007 

Jul-2007 

Aug-2007 

Sep-2007 

Oct-2007 

Nov-2007 

Dec-2007 

28

31

30

31

30

31

31

30

31

30

31

195 271 46 513

189 271 33 494

75 106 13 194

80 87 14 181

81 105 13 199

131 147 19 297

147 135 17 299

119 162 18 299

121 114 12 247

134 155 19 308

142 195 34 371

 23,820 55,769 16,784 96,372 

24,009 56,040 16,817 96,866 

24,084 56,146 16,830 97,060 

24,164 56,233 16,844 97,241 

24,245 56,338 16,857 97,440 

24,376 56,486 16,876 97,737 

24,523 56,620 16,892 98,036 

24,642 56,782 16,911 98,335 

24,763 56,896 16,922 98,582 

24,897 57,052 16,941 98,890 

25,039 57,247 16,975 99,261 

149 27,916 

143 28,059 

56 28,115 

52 28,167 

58 28,225 

86 28,311 

87 28,398 

87 28,484 

72 28,556 

89 28,645 

107 28,752 

121 21,132 

117 21,249 

46 21,295 

44 21,339 

48 21,387 

72 21,459 

74 21,533 

72 21,604 

61 21,665 

75 21,740 

88 21,827 

Jan-2008 31 135 142 20 297 25,174 57,388 16,995 99,557 86 28,838 72 21,899 

Feb-2008 

Mar-2008 

Apr-2008 

29

31

30

146 134 17 297

137 136 21 293

116 75 17 208

 25,321 57,523 17,011 99,855 

25,457 57,658 17,032 100,148 

25,573 57,734 17,049 100,356 

86 28,924 

85 29,009 

60 29,070 

73 21,973 

72 22,044 

52 22,096 
 

Date Days 

TCE 

Monthly CVOC cDCE 

 number of moles removed

 from influent VC 

Summed

CVOCs

Cumulative CVOC 

number of moles removed 

from influent 

TCE 

cDCE 

VC 

Summed

CVOCs 

Original TCE 

removed 

from influent 

Original

TCE

removed 

Original

TCE

removed 

Navy reported, 

simple sum Monthly to CVOC tal Cumula- tive total

CVOCs 

May-2008 31

(moles/ (moles/ (moles/ (moles/ 

mon) mon) mon) mon) 

100 100 11 211

(mole) (mole) (mole) (mole) 

 25,673 57,833 17,060 100,567 

(lb/ (lb) mon) 

61 29,131 

(lb/ (lb) mon) 

52 22,148 

Jun-2008 30 87 67 7 160 25,760 57,900 17,067 100,727 46 29,177 40 22,188 

Jul-2008 31 134 72 7 213 25,894 57,972 17,074 100,940 62 29,239 55 22,244 

Aug-2008 31 139 98 7 244 26,033 58,070 17,080 101,184 71 29,309 62 22,306 

Sep-2008 30 122 139 26 287 26,155 58,209 17,107 101,471 83 29,393 69 22,374 

Oct-2008 31 103 182 45 329 26,258 58,391 17,152 101,800 95 29,488 75 22,449 

Nov-2008 30 168 219 44 431 26,425 58,610 17,196 102,231 125 29,613 102 22,551 

Dec-2008 31 124 198 44 366 26,549 58,808 17,239 102,597 106 29,719 84 22,635 

Jan-2009 31 144 247 33 423 26,693 59,055 17,272 103,020 123 29,841 99 22,734 

Feb-2009 28 131 225 33 388 26,824 59,279 17,305 103,408 113 29,954 91 22,824 

Mar-2009 31 104 161 28 293 26,928 59,440 17,333 103,701 85 30,039 68 22,893 

Apr-2009 30 114 165 29 308 27,042 59,605 17,362 104,009 89 30,128 72 22,965 

May-2009 31 138 197 26 361 27,180 59,802 17,388 104,370 105 30,232 86 23,051 

Jun-2009 30 312 697 30 1,039 27,492 60,499 17,419 105,410 301 30,533 244 23,294 

Jul-2009 31 118 236 7 361 27,610 60,735 17,426 105,771 105 30,638 86 23,380 

Aug-2009 31 78 139 20 236 27,688 60,874 17,446 106,007 68 30,707 55 23,435 

Sep-2009 30 98 187 34 319 27,787 61,060 17,480 106,326 92 30,799 73 23,508 

Oct-2009 30 143 246 34 423 27,929 61,306 17,514 106,749 122 30,922 99 23,606 

Nov-2009 30 143 300 54 497 28,072 61,607 17,567 107,246 144 31,065 113 23,719 

Dec-2009 30 183 327 58 567 28,254 61,933 17,626 107,813 164 31,230 131 23,850 

Jan-2010 31 122 226 32 379 28,376 62,159 17,657 108,193 110 31,340 88 23,938 

Feb-2010 28 126 175 11 312 28,502 62,335 17,668 108,505 90 31,430 76 24,013 

Mar-2010 31 106 139 7 253 28,608 62,474 17,676 108,758 73 31,503 62 24,075 

Apr-2010 30 154 166 17 336 28,761 62,640 17,692 109,094 97 31,601 82 24,157 

May-2010 31 134 128 4 267 28,896 62,768 17,697 109,361 77 31,678 67 24,224 

Jun-2010 30 148 182 4 335 29,044 62,951 17,701 109,696 97 31,775 83 24,307 

Jul-2010 31 114 139 16 270 29,158 63,090 17,717 109,966 78 31,853 65 24,372 

Aug-2010 31 141 177 17 334 29,299 63,267 17,734 110,300 97 31,950 81 24,453 

Sep-2010 30 150 136 12 298 29,449 63,403 17,745 110,598 86 32,036 74 24,527 

Oct-2010 31 141 255 46 441 29,590 63,658 17,792 111,039 128 32,164 102 24,628 

Nov-2010 30 161 175 4 340 29,751 63,833 17,795 111,380 99 32,263 85 24,713 

Dec-2010 31

Minimum≠0 

161 

12 

200 

26 

28 

7 

388 29,911 64,033

60 

 17,823 111,767 112

17 

 32,375 93 24,806 

12 

Mean 166 358 99 618 185 143 

Maximum 520 1,445 337 2,165 627 473 

42 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 1. Reported monthly data and cumulative mass of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed based on volume of influent and concentrations of CVOCs in influent to the Pump-and-Treat plant (Method 1), 

Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 1996 through December 2010.—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride; tDCE, trans-dichloroethylene; 

gal/mon, gallons per month; μg/L, micrograms per liter; lb/mon pounds per month; lb pounds; moles/mon, moles per month, Bold, published values; blue cells, 

data estimated from a published graph; orange cells, data calculated from published data; purple cells, data calculated from reported mass removed; --, no data; 

*, estimated data; purple numbers March–April 1998 combined report] 
 

 

 

 

 

Table 5 43 

Table 5. Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed determined by using the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 

1996 through December 2010 (Method 3).—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride] 

Date 

Method 1 

(CVOC removal 

based on influent to 

Pump and Treat plant) 

Method 2 

(CVOC removal based 

on withdrawals from 

recovery wells) 

Method 3 

(Greater of Method 1 and 2) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Jan-1996 no report 

Feb-1996 18 122 32 40 127 52 40 127 52 219 219 63 63 

Mar-1996 72 407 101 80 253 103 80 407 103 591 809 171 234 

Apr-1996 309 815 289 115 362 148 309 815 289 1,414 2,223 410 644 

May-1996 236 621 220 88 276 113 236 621 220 1,077 3,300 312 956 

Jun-1996 169 533 118 75 237 97 169 533 118 820 4,120 238 1,194 

Jul-1996 202 488 136 97 304 124 202 488 136 826 4,946 239 1,433 

Aug-1996 242 758 157 125 393 161 242 758 161 1,161 6,107 336 1,769 

Sep-1996 271 920 178 114 358 146 271 920 178 1,369 7,476 397 2,166 

Oct-1996 243 768 170 90 284 116 243 768 170 1,181 8,657 342 2,508 

Nov-1996 430 1,445 289 115 363 148 430 1,445 289 2,165 10,822 627 3,135 

Dec-1996 146 475 123 39 123 50 146 475 123 743 11,565 215 3,350 

Jan-1997 230 812 182 39 121 50 39 812 50 901 12,465 261 3,611 

Feb-1997 243 915 213 90 285 116 243 915 213 1,371 13,836 397 4,009 

Mar-1997 211 874 185 79 247 101 211 874 185 1,271 15,107 368 4,377 

Apr-1997 306 1,268 268 114 358 147 306 1,268 268 1,842 16,949 534 4,910 

May-1997 286 1,421 240 128 402 164 286 1,421 240 1,948 18,897 564 5,475 

Jun-1997 101 458 71 113 356 146 113 458 146 717 19,614 208 5,682 

Jul-1997 93 456 98 125 394 161 125 456 161 742 20,356 215 5,898 

Aug-1997 157 692 165 131 414 169 157 692 169 1,018 21,374 295 6,192 

Sep-1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,374 0 6,192 

Oct-1997 132 697 185 98 310 127 132 697 185 1,014 22,388 294 6,486 

Nov-1997 155 649 190 87 273 112 155 649 190 995 23,383 288 6,774 

Dec-1997 71 338 112 60 187 77 71 338 112 521 23,904 151 6,925 

Jan-1998 94 424 110 17 92 132 94 424 132 650 24,554 188 7,114 

Feb-1998 65 226 91 17 128 136 65 226 136 427 24,981 124 7,237 

Mar-1998 68 334 115 22 163 173 68 334 173 575 25,556 167 7,404 

Apr-1998 194 950 327 50 268 117 194 950 327 1,471 27,027 426 7,830 

May-1998 149 633 314 48 257 112 149 633 314 1,096 28,124 318 8,148 

Jun-1998 143 639 215 53 282 123 143 639 215 998 29,122 289 8,437 

Jul-1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,122 0 8,437 

Aug-1998 38 87 33 41 186 95 41 186 95 322 29,444 93 8,530 

Sep-1998 52 155 109 27 121 62 52 155 109 315 29,759 91 8,622 

Oct-1998 136 529 180 50 228 117 136 529 180 846 30,604 245 8,867 
 

 

 

 

 

44 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 5. Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed determined by using the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 

1996 through December 2010 (Method 3).—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride] 

Date 

Method 1 

(CVOC removal 

based on influent to 

Pump and Treat plant) 

Method 2 

(CVOC removal based 

on withdrawals from 

recovery wells) 

Method 3 

(Greater of Method 1 and 2) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Nov-1998 173 564 182 45 203 104 173 564 182 920 31,524 266 9,133 

Dec-1998 175 565 184 57 256 131 175 565 184 924 32,448 268 9,401 

Jan-1999 192 459 217 194 1,089 348 194 1,089 348 1,630 34,079 472 9,873 

Feb-1999 164 513 187 158 915 301 164 915 301 1,380 35,459 400 10,273 

Mar-1999 23 73 27 32 202 72 32 202 72 306 35,765 89 10,362 

Apr-1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,765 0 10,362 

May-1999 226 774 311 280 1,883 718 280 1,883 718 2,881 38,646 835 11,196 

Jun-1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,646 0 11,196 

Jul-1999 48 151 68 76 530 207 76 530 207 813 39,460 236 11,432 

Aug-1999 170 375 142 220 1,463 569 220 1,463 569 2,252 41,712 652 12,084 

Sep-1999 189 409 176 217 1,363 492 217 1,363 492 2,072 43,783 600 12,685 

Oct-1999 331 649 273 335 2,181 807 335 2,181 807 3,323 47,106 963 13,647 

Nov-1999 240 443 144 250 1,648 618 250 1,648 618 2,516 49,622 729 14,376 

Dec-1999 331 603 216 332 2,186 818 332 2,186 818 3,335 52,958 966 15,343 

Jan-2000 244 443 91 217 1,347 481 244 1,347 481 2,072 55,030 600 15,943 

Feb-2000 230 430 163 217 1,293 455 230 1,293 455 1,978 57,008 573 16,516 

Mar-2000 271 482 189 212 1,265 445 271 1,265 445 1,982 58,989 574 17,090 

Apr-2000 303 510 186 227 1,275 439 303 1,275 439 2,018 61,007 585 17,675 

May-2000 252 437 151 195 1,122 391 252 1,122 391 1,765 62,772 511 18,186 

Jun-2000 262 451 128 216 1,232 429 262 1,232 429 1,923 64,695 557 18,743 

Jul-2000 93 348 49 208 1,185 413 208 1,185 413 1,806 66,501 523 19,266 

Aug-2000 141 237 243 241 1,336 457 241 1,336 457 2,034 68,535 589 19,856 

Sep-2000 168 224 200 163 792 255 168 792 255 1,215 69,750 352 20,208 

Oct-2000 88 185 81 99 409 120 99 409 120 627 70,377 182 20,389 

Nov-2000 202 417 148 131 365 72 202 417 148 767 71,144 222 20,612 

Dec-2000 259 533 189 168 467 92 259 533 189 980 72,124 284 20,896 

Jan-2001 332 684 242 297 887 168 332 887 242 1,461 73,586 423 21,319 

Feb-2001 253 521 185 232 680 127 253 680 185 1,118 74,704 324 21,643 

Mar-2001 310 639 226 324 1,159 194 324 1,159 226 1,710 76,413 495 22,138 

Apr-2001 267 549 195 322 1,671 266 322 1,671 266 2,259 78,673 655 22,793 

May-2001 247 509 180 300 1,539 245 300 1,539 245 2,085 80,758 604 23,397 

Jun-2001 255 527 337 358 1,800 286 358 1,800 337 2,495 83,252 723 24,119 

Jul-2001 296 510 251 366 1,770 278 366 1,770 278 2,414 85,666 699 24,819 

Aug-2001 247 508 180 310 1,454 229 310 1,454 229 1,993 87,659 577 25,396 
 

 

 

 

 

Table 5 45 

Table 5. Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed determined by using the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 

1996 through December 2010 (Method 3).—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride] 

Date 

Method 1 

(CVOC removal 

based on influent to 

Pump and Treat plant) 

Method 2 

(CVOC removal based 

on withdrawals from 

recovery wells) 

Method 3 

(Greater of Method 1 and 2) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Sep-2001 145 53 164 212 980 149 212 980 164 1,356 89,015 393 25,789
	

Oct-2001 189 730 219 374 1,699 273 374 1,699 273 2,346 91,361 680 26,469
	

Nov-2001 83 218 70 315 1,397 229 315 1,397 229 1,941 93,303 562 27,031 

Dec-2001 132 491 228 319 1,334 217 319 1,334 228 1,881 95,184 545 27,576 

Jan-2002 129 436 239 284 594 153 284 594 239 1,116 96,300 323 27,900 

Feb-2002 107 320 159 241 483 119 241 483 159 883 97,183 256 28,155 

Mar-2002 172 547 251 349 714 170 349 714 251 1,315 98,498 381 28,536 

Apr-2002 173 496 192 307 635 152 307 635 192 1,134 99,632 329 28,865 

May-2002 88 253 102 195 341 69 195 341 102 637 100,269 185 29,050 

Jun-2002 168 541 177 284 640 166 284 640 177 1,101 101,371 319 29,369 

Jul-2002 180 605 196 347 780 205 347 780 205 1,332 102,703 386 29,754 

Aug-2002 152 469 159 281 634 168 281 634 168 1,082 103,785 314 30,068 

Sep-2002 119 355 153 368 874 231 368 874 231 1,473 105,258 427 30,495 

Oct-2002 184 573 236 361 818 218 361 818 236 1,416 106,674 410 30,905 

Nov-2002 131 424 168 306 687 180 306 687 180 1,173 107,847 340 31,245 

Dec-2002 163 527 230 339 836 229 339 836 230 1,406 109,252 407 31,652 

Jan-2003 184 494 206 336 843 187 336 843 206 1,385 110,637 401 32,053 

Feb-2003 459 287 138 231 570 125 459 570 138 1,167 111,805 338 32,392 

Mar-2003 520 381 155 302 708 139 520 708 155 1,384 113,188 401 32,792 

Apr-2003 146 408 139 253 594 117 253 594 139 987 114,175 286 33,078 

May-2003 115 276 118 259 654 148 259 654 148 1,061 115,236 308 33,386 

Jun-2003 93 258 120 242 644 151 242 644 151 1,038 116,274 301 33,686 

Jul-2003 112 361 158 296 770 177 296 770 177 1,243 117,517 360 34,047 

Aug-2003 33 122 55 71 161 40 71 161 55 288 117,805 83 34,130 

Sep-2003 12 26 22 170 418 91 170 418 91 678 118,483 196 34,326 

Oct-2003 195 373 51 237 593 128 237 593 128 958 119,441 277 34,604 

Nov-2003 207 343 30 204 490 112 207 490 112 808 120,249 234 34,838 

Dec-2003 84 278 107 166 384 85 166 384 107 657 120,906 190 35,028 

Jan-2004 82 152 33 76 139 21 82 152 33 267 121,173 77 35,106 

Feb-2004 155 336 69 136 320 55 155 336 69 560 121,733 162 35,268 

Mar-2004 215 390 60 157 344 57 215 390 60 665 122,398 193 35,460 

Apr-2004 247 423 57 216 423 64 247 423 64 735 123,132 213 35,673 

May-2004 248 319 43 226 372 47 248 372 47 666 123,798 193 35,866 

Jun-2004 296 410 28 250 394 49 296 410 49 755 124,553 219 36,085 
 

 

 

 

 

46 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 5. Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed determined by using the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 

1996 through December 2010 (Method 3).—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride] 

Date 

Method 1 

(CVOC removal 

based on influent to 

Pump and Treat plant) 

Method 2 

(CVOC removal based 

on withdrawals from 

recovery wells) 

Method 3 

(Greater of Method 1 and 2) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Jul-2004 286 358 32 365 370 43 365 370 43 777 125,330 225 36,310 

Aug-2004 295 343 24 389 365 39 389 365 39 793 126,123 230 36,540 

Sep-2004 262 327 29 385 351 36 385 351 36 772 126,894 224 36,763 

Oct-2004 190 263 28 246 287 38 246 287 38 571 127,465 165 36,928 

Nov-2004 158 215 26 208 228 28 208 228 28 464 127,929 134 37,063 

Dec-2004 254 379 31 148 243 25 254 379 31 665 128,594 193 37,256 

Jan-2005 216 248 30 251 372 85 251 372 85 708 129,302 205 37,461 

Feb-2005 235 281 36 330 386 75 330 386 75 791 130,093 229 37,690 

Mar-2005 264 325 40 344 456 98 344 456 98 897 130,990 260 37,950 

Apr-2005 257 385 68 473 408 81 473 408 81 963 131,953 279 38,229 

May-2005 216 285 40 448 395 81 448 395 81 924 132,877 268 38,496 

Jun-2005 146 298 82 221 347 93 221 347 93 661 133,538 191 38,688 

Jul-2005 135 249 56 178 198 55 178 249 56 483 134,021 140 38,828 

Aug-2005 114 189 27 129 107 20 129 189 27 345 134,366 100 38,928 

Sep-2005 60 109 23 168 125 29 168 125 29 322 134,688 93 39,021 

Oct-2005 85 171 61 128 117 37 128 171 61 360 135,048 104 39,125 

Nov-2005 55 123 30 210 267 74 210 267 74 551 135,599 160 39,285 

Dec-2005 175 265 37 287 341 77 287 341 77 706 136,305 205 39,490 

Jan-2006 165 354 65 162 277 48 165 354 65 584 136,888 169 39,659 

Feb-2006 167 297 61 139 234 41 167 297 61 525 137,413 152 39,811 

Mar-2006 145 243 38 141 201 32 145 243 38 427 137,840 124 39,934 

Apr-2006 201 256 44 184 272 47 201 272 47 519 138,359 150 40,085 

May-2006 239 298 41 182 289 55 239 298 55 591 138,950 171 40,256 

Jun-2006 181 279 48 140 232 45 181 279 48 508 139,458 147 40,403 

Jul-2006 110 216 43 107 182 36 110 216 43 368 139,827 107 40,510 

Aug-2006 141 243 47 153 222 44 153 243 47 444 140,270 129 40,638 

Sep-2006 138 172 23 122 140 13 138 172 23 333 140,603 96 40,735 

Oct-2006 139 179 23 111 123 11 139 179 23 340 140,943 99 40,833 

Nov-2006 128 131 12 112 140 16 128 140 16 284 141,227 82 40,916 

Dec-2006 239 359 52 184 279 40 239 359 52 650 141,877 188 41,104 

Jan-2007 267 354 49 170 333 71 267 354 71 692 142,569 200 41,304 

Feb-2007 195 271 46 146 150 12 195 271 46 513 143,082 149 41,453 

Mar-2007 189 271 33 151 256 44 189 271 44 504 143,586 146 41,599 

Apr-2007 75 106 13 77 95 14 77 106 14 196 143,782 57 41,656 
 

 

 

 

 

Table 5 47 

Table 5. Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed determined by using the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 

1996 through December 2010 (Method 3).—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride] 

Date 

Method 1 

(CVOC removal 

based on influent to 

Pump and Treat plant) 

Method 2 

(CVOC removal based 

on withdrawals from 

recovery wells) 

Method 3 

(Greater of Method 1 and 2) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

May-2007 80 87 14 69 81 12 80 87 14 181 143,963 52 41,708 

Jun-2007 81 105 13 139 140 15 139 140 15 295 144,258 85 41,794 

Jul-2007 131 147 19 177 123 10 177 147 19 344 144,602 100 41,893 

Aug-2007 147 135 17 182 128 10 182 135 17 334 144,935 97 41,990 

Sep-2007 119 162 18 160 158 20 160 162 20 342 145,277 99 42,089 

Oct-2007 121 114 12 134 182 33 134 182 33 349 145,626 101 42,190 

Nov-2007 134 155 19 126 159 27 134 159 27 319 145,945 93 42,282 

Dec-2007 142 195 34 147 218 39 147 218 39 403 146,348 117 42,399 

Jan-2008 135 142 20 104 157 33 135 157 33 325 146,674 94 42,494 

Feb-2008 146 134 17 122 96 9 146 134 17 297 146,971 86 42,580 

Mar-2008 137 136 21 89 93 12 137 136 21 293 147,264 85 42,665 

Apr-2008 116 75 17 117 213 55 117 213 55 385 147,649 112 42,776 

May-2008 100 100 11 117 160 34 117 160 34 311 147,960 90 42,866 

Jun-2008 87 67 7 89 74 8 89 74 8 171 148,131 50 42,916 

Jul-2008 134 72 7 118 89 8 134 89 8 231 148,362 67 42,983 

Aug-2008 139 98 7 88 115 24 139 115 24 278 148,640 80 43,063 

Sep-2008 122 139 26 92 174 43 122 174 43 339 148,979 98 43,161 

Oct-2008 103 182 45 107 187 41 107 187 45 339 149,318 98 43,260 

Nov-2008 168 219 44 109 194 43 168 219 44 431 149,749 125 43,385 

Dec-2008 124 198 44 95 164 36 124 198 44 366 150,115 106 43,491 

Jan-2009 144 247 33 140 179 31 144 247 33 423 150,538 123 43,613 

Feb-2009 131 225 33 144 182 31 144 225 33 402 150,940 116 43,730 

Mar-2009 104 161 28 135 172 29 135 172 29 336 151,276 97 43,827 

Apr-2009 114 165 29 153 200 33 153 200 33 386 151,662 112 43,939 

May-2009 138 197 26 142 206 36 142 206 36 383 152,045 111 44,050 

Jun-2009 312 697 30 118 164 28 312 697 30 1,039 153,084 301 44,351 

Jul-2009 118 236 7 136 178 29 136 236 29 401 153,485 116 44,467 

Aug-2009 78 139 20 131 168 27 131 168 27 327 153,812 95 44,562 

Sep-2009 98 187 34 143 173 24 143 187 34 364 154,175 105 44,667 

Oct-2009 143 246 34 180 196 24 180 246 34 460 154,635 133 44,800 

Nov-2009 143 300 54 163 198 27 163 300 54 517 155,153 150 44,950 

Dec-2009 183 327 58 139 161 20 183 327 58 567 155,720 164 45,114 

Jan-2010 122 226 32 131 203 43 131 226 43 400 156,120 116 45,230 

Feb-2010 126 175 11 111 167 36 126 175 36 337 156,457 98 45,328 
 

 

 

 

 

48 Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010 

Table 5. Monthly and cumulative number of moles of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and 

original TCE removed determined by using the maximum of Methods 1 and 2, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ, February 

1996 through December 2010 (Method 3).—Continued 

[CVOC, chlorinated volatile organic compound; TCE, trichloroethylene, cDCE, cis-dichloroethylene; VC, vinyl chloride] 

Date 

Method 1 

(CVOC removal 

based on influent to 

Pump and Treat plant) 

Method 2 

(CVOC removal based 

on withdrawals from 

recovery wells) 

Method 3 

(Greater of Method 1 and 2) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

cDCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

VC 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(moles/ 

month) 

Summed 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Cumulative 

original 

TCE 

(pound) 

Mar-2010 106 

Apr-2010 154 

May-2010 134 

Jun-2010 148 

Jul-2010 114 

Aug-2010 141 

Sep-2010 150 

Oct-2010 141 

Nov-2010 161 

Dec-2010 161 

139 7 142 137 13 142 139 13 294 

166 17 142 164 21 154 166 21 340 

128 4 151 169 19 151 169 19 339 

182 4 140 157 18 148 182 18 349 

139 16 148 163 19 148 163 19 329 

177 17 139 152 18 141 177 18 335 

136 12 132 123 12 150 136 12 298 

255 46 149 165 27 149 255 46 449 

175 4 134 218 44 161 218 44 423 

200 28 121 196 40 161 200 40 400 

156,751 

157,091 

157,430 

157,779 

158,108 

158,443 

158,741 

159,190 

159,614 

160,014 

85 

99 

98 

101 

95 

97 

86 

130 

123 

116 

45,413 

45,512 

45,610 

45,711 

45,806 

45,903 

45,990 

46,120 

46,242 

46,358 

Minimum ≠ 0 12 

Average 166 

Maximum 520 

26 7 17 74 8 32 74 8 181 

358 99 173 465 124 203 550 141 894 

1,445 337 473 2,186 818 520 2,186 818 3,335 

52 

259 

966 

Total moles 29,911 

Total pounds 8,666 

Cumulative 

moles

Cumulative 

Pounds

64,033 17,826 31,012 83,269 22,180 36,594 98,369 25,375 160,338 

13,689 2,456 8,985 17,801 3,056 10,602 21,029 3,496 46,452 

Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 

 111,762 136,461 160,338 

32,381 39,535 46,452 

45,208 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For additional information, write to: 

Director 

U.S. Geological Survey 

New Jersey Water Science Center 

Mountain View Office Park 

810 Bear Tavern Rd., Suite 206 

West Trenton, NJ 08628 

or visit our Web site at: 

http://nj.usgs.gov/ 
Lacombe—Mass of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Removed by Pump-and-Treat, NAWC, New Jersey, 1996–2010—Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5003