§ 578.3 Definitions. As used in this part: *Act* means the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 11371 *et seq.*).
*Annual renewal amount* means the amount that a grant can be awarded on an annual basis when renewed. It includes funds only for those eligible activities (operating, supportive services, leasing, rental assistance, HMIS, and administration) that were funded in the original grant (or the original grant as amended), less the unrenewable activities (acquisition, new construction, rehabilitation, and any administrative costs related to these activities).
*Applicant* means an eligible applicant that has been designated by the Continuum of Care to apply for assistance under this part on behalf of that Continuum.
*At risk of homelessness.* ( 1 ) An individual or family who: ( i ) Has an annual income below 30 percent of median family income for the area, as determined by HUD;
( ii ) Does not have sufficient resources or support networks, *e.g.,* family, friends, faith-based or other social networks, immediately available to prevent them from moving to an emergency shelter or another place described in paragraph (1) of the “Homeless” definition in this section; and
( iii ) Meets one of the following conditions: ( A ) Has moved because of economic reasons two or more times during the 60 days immediately preceding the application for homelessness prevention assistance;
( B ) Is living in the home of another because of economic hardship;
( C ) Has been notified in writing that their right to occupy their current housing or living situation will be terminated within 21 days of the date of application for assistance;
( D ) Lives in a hotel or motel and the cost of the hotel or motel stay is not paid by charitable organizations or by federal, State, or local government programs for low-income individuals;
( E ) Lives in a single-room occupancy or efficiency apartment unit in which there reside more than two persons, or lives in a larger housing unit in which there reside more than 1.5 people per room, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau;
( F ) Is exiting a publicly funded institution, or system of care (such as a health-care facility, a mental health facility, foster care or other youth facility, or correction program or institution); or
( G ) Otherwise lives in housing that has characteristics associated with instability and an increased risk of homelessness, as identified in the recipient's approved consolidated plan;
( 2 ) A child or youth who does not qualify as “homeless” under this section, but qualifies as “homeless” under section 387(3) of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5732a(3)), section 637(11) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9832(11)), section 41403(6) of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14043e-2(6)), section 330(h)(5)(A) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(h)(5)(A)), section 3(m) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(m)), or section 17(b)(15) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786(b)(15)); or
( 3 ) A child or youth who does not qualify as “homeless” under this section, but qualifies as “homeless” under section 725(2) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11434a(2)), and the parent(s) or guardian(s) of that child or youth if living with her or him.
*Centralized or coordinated assessment system* means a centralized or coordinated process designed to coordinate program participant intake assessment and provision of referrals. A centralized or coordinated assessment system covers the geographic area, is easily accessed by individuals and families seeking housing or services, is well advertized, and includes a comprehensive and standardized assessment tool.
*Chronically homeless* means: ( 1 ) A “homeless individual with a disability,” as defined in section 401(9) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11360(9)), who: ( i ) Lives in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or in an emergency shelter; and
( ii ) Has been homeless and living as described in paragraph (1)(i) of this definition continuously for at least 12 months or on at least 4 separate occasions in the last 3 years, as long as the combined occasions equal at least 12 months and each break in homelessness separating the occasions included at least 7 consecutive nights of not living as described in paragraph (1)(i). Stays in institutional care facilities for fewer than 90 days will not constitute as a break in homelessness, but rather such stays are included in the 12-month total, as long as the individual was living or residing in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or an emergency shelter immediately before entering the institutional care facility;
( 2 ) An individual who has been residing in an institutional care facility, including a jail, substance abuse or mental health treatment facility, hospital, or other similar facility, for fewer than 90 days and met all of the criteria in paragraph (1) of this definition, before entering that facility; or
( 3 ) A family with an adult head of household (or if there is no adult in the family, a minor head of household) who meets all of the criteria in paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition, including a family whose composition has fluctuated while the head of household has been homeless.
*Collaborative applicant* means the eligible applicant that has been designated by the Continuum of Care to apply for a grant for Continuum of Care planning funds under this part on behalf of the Continuum.
*Consolidated plan* means the HUD-approved plan developed in accordance with 24 CFR 91.
*Continuum of Care and Continuum* means the group organized to carry out the responsibilities required under this part and that is composed of representatives of organizations, including nonprofit homeless providers, victim service providers, faith-based organizations, governments, businesses, advocates, public housing agencies, school districts, social service providers, mental health agencies, hospitals, universities, affordable housing developers, law enforcement, organizations that serve homeless and formerly homeless veterans, and homeless and formerly homeless persons to the extent these groups are represented within the geographic area and are available to participate.
*Developmental disability* means, as defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15002): ( 1 ) A severe, chronic disability of an individual that— ( i ) Is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments;
( ii ) Is manifested before the individual attains age 22;
( iii ) Is likely to continue indefinitely;
( iv ) Results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity: ( A ) Self-care;
( B ) Receptive and expressive language;
( C ) Learning;
( D ) Mobility;
( E ) Self-direction;
( F ) Capacity for independent living;
( G ) Economic self-sufficiency.
( v ) Reflects the individual's need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services, individualized supports, or other forms of assistance that are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated.
( 2 ) An individual from birth to age 9, inclusive, who has a substantial developmental delay or specific congenital or acquired condition, may be considered to have a developmental disability without meeting three or more of the criteria described in paragraphs (1)(i) through (v) of the definition of “developmental disability” in this section if the individual, without services and supports, has a high probability of meeting these criteria later in life.
*Eligible applicant* means a private nonprofit organization, State, local government, or instrumentality of State and local government.
*Emergency shelter* is defined in 24 CFR part 576.
*Emergency Solutions Grants (ESG)* means the grants provided under 24 CFR part 576.
*Fair Market Rent (FMR)* means the Fair Market Rents published in the Federal Register annually by HUD.
*High-performing community (HPC)* means a Continuum of Care that meets the standards in subpart E of this part and has been designated as a high-performing community by HUD.
*Homeless* means: ( 1 ) An individual or family who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, meaning: ( i ) An individual or family with a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a car, park, abandoned building, bus or train station, airport, or camping ground;
( ii ) An individual or family living in a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designated to provide temporary living arrangements (including congregate shelters, transitional housing, and hotels and motels paid for by charitable organizations or by federal, State, or local government programs for low-income individuals); or
( iii ) An individual who is exiting an institution where he or she resided for 90 days or less and who resided in an emergency shelter or place not meant for human habitation immediately before entering that institution;
( 2 ) An individual or family who will imminently lose their primary nighttime residence, provided that: ( i ) The primary nighttime residence will be lost within 14 days of the date of application for homeless assistance;
( ii ) No subsequent residence has been identified; and
( iii ) The individual or family lacks the resources or support networks, *e.g.,* family, friends, faith-based or other social networks, needed to obtain other permanent housing;
( 3 ) Unaccompanied youth under 25 years of age, or families with children and youth, who do not otherwise qualify as homeless under this definition, but who: ( i ) Are defined as homeless under section 387 of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5732a), section 637 of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9832), section 41403 of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14043e-2), section 330(h) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(h)), section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012), section 17(b) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786(b)), or section 725 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11434a);
( ii ) Have not had a lease, ownership interest, or occupancy agreement in permanent housing at any time during the 60 days immediately preceding the date of application for homeless assistance;
( iii ) Have experienced persistent instability as measured by two moves or more during the 60-day period immediately preceding the date of applying for homeless assistance; and
( iv ) Can be expected to continue in such status for an extended period of time because of chronic disabilities; chronic physical health or mental health conditions; substance addiction; histories of domestic violence or childhood abuse (including neglect); the presence of a child or youth with a disability; or two or more barriers to employment, which include the lack of a high school degree or General Education Development (GED), illiteracy, low English proficiency, a history of incarceration or detention for criminal activity, and a history of unstable employment; or
( 4 ) Any individual or family who: ( i ) Is fleeing, or is attempting to flee, domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, or other dangerous or life-threatening conditions that relate to violence against the individual or a family member, including a child, that has either taken place within the individual's or family's primary nighttime residence or has made the individual or family afraid to return to their primary nighttime residence;
( ii ) Has no other residence; and
( iii ) Lacks the resources or support networks, *e.g.,* family, friends, and faith-based or other social networks, to obtain other permanent housing.
*Homeless Management Information System (HMIS)* means the information system designated by the Continuum of Care to comply with the HMIS requirements prescribed by HUD.
*HMIS Lead* means the entity designated by the Continuum of Care in accordance with this part to operate the Continuum's HMIS on its behalf.
*Permanent housing* means community-based housing without a designated length of stay, and includes both permanent supportive housing and rapid rehousing. To be permanent housing, the program participant must be the tenant on a lease for a term of at least one year, which is renewable for terms that are a minimum of one month long, and is terminable only for cause.
*Permanent supportive housing* means permanent housing in which supportive services are provided to assist homeless persons with a disability to live independently.
*Point-in-time count* means a count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons carried out on one night in the last 10 calendar days of January or at such other time as required by HUD.
*Private nonprofit organization* means an organization: ( 1 ) No part of the net earnings of which inure to the benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or individual;
( 2 ) That has a voluntary board;
( 3 ) That has a functioning accounting system that is operated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or has designated a fiscal agent that will maintain a functioning accounting system for the organization in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and
( 4 ) That practices nondiscrimination in the provision of assistance. A private nonprofit organization does not include governmental organizations, such as public housing agencies.
*Program participant* means an individual (including an unaccompanied youth) or family who is assisted with Continuum of Care program funds.
*Project* means a group of eligible activities, such as HMIS costs, identified as a project in an application to HUD for Continuum of Care funds and includes a structure (or structures) that is (are) acquired, rehabilitated, constructed, or leased with assistance provided under this part or with respect to which HUD provides rental assistance or annual payments for operating costs, or supportive services under this subtitle.
*Recipient* means an applicant that signs a grant agreement with HUD.
*Safe haven* means, for the purpose of defining chronically homeless, supportive housing that meets the following: ( 1 ) Serves hard to reach homeless persons with severe mental illness who came from the streets and have been unwilling or unable to participate in supportive services;
( 2 ) Provides 24-hour residence for eligible persons for an unspecified period;
( 3 ) Has an overnight capacity limited to 25 or fewer persons; and
( 4 ) Provides low-demand services and referrals for the residents.
*State* means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and the Virgin Islands.
*Subrecipient* means a private nonprofit organization, State, local government, or instrumentality of State or local government that receives a subgrant from the recipient to carry out a project.
*Transitional housing* means housing, where all program participants have signed a lease or occupancy agreement, the purpose of which is to facilitate the movement of homeless individuals and families into permanent housing within 24 months or such longer period as HUD determines necessary. The program participant must have a lease or occupancy agreement for a term of at least one month that ends in 24 months and cannot be extended.
*Unified Funding Agency* (UFA) means an eligible applicant selected by the Continuum of Care to apply for a grant for the entire Continuum, which has the capacity to carry out the duties in § 578.11(b), which is approved by HUD and to which HUD awards a grant.
*Victim service provider* means a private nonprofit organization whose primary mission is to provide services to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking. This term includes rape crisis centers, battered women's shelters, domestic violence transitional housing programs, and other programs.