ýRS-TND-89-O 17

19 AUGUST 1989

FOREIGN

BROADCAST

INFORMATION

SERVICE

JPRS ReportNuclear

Developments

19980716 108

I ISThtBU'1N SAT~VMh~ A

T9lUZ UO JApproved for publIc release;

191• U(T I A ' "13I-. ,•I,:' fDistribution Unlimited

•-O'T SS330,.,:I -"Nj.J..IU

311H

IUN DTS I - -- .. ., DTIC QUALIT lSPECTED 3
Nuclear Developments

.IWIRS-TNID-89-017 ('()NTENi S 29(), U UST 1989

CHINA

France Training Chinese Engineers To Run Nuclear Power Plant

/ oinng Kon, ,S L7'771I CHINt A AI ORNING PO T 22.tl .................................................................... I

Report Updates Dava Bay Plant Progress /llong Kong Z/tONGUO 7'ONGXNA. SII . ............. I

EAST ASIA

NORTH KOREA

Denial of Nuclear W eapons Production Cited [Seoul Radio ........................................................... 3

SOUTH KOREA

North Korean Nuclear Program Denounced [CItOSON ILBO 9 ug] ............................................. 3

U.S., South Urge Nuclear Inspections of North /T7LE KOREA ttERALD 13.lw,, ............................. 4

U.S. Newspaper Story on North Korean Nuclear Plant Discussed

/77t E KO R EA IIER.A LD 22 A tg ..................................................................................................... 4

Editorial Warns Against Nuclear Arms Development in Korea [ttANGYORE SINAMUN 13.lug] ..... 5

Nuclear Plants Planned To Meet Electricity Demand IYONILIP ..................................................... 5

EAST EUROPE

INTRABLOC AFFAIRS

International Nuclear Energy Conference Ends [East Berlin NEUES DEUTS(tCIILND 19,hu/] ........ 7

Soviet Firm To Modernize Hungarian Nuclear Plant /725'5/ . ................................................... 7

CSSR, Hungary Discuss Nuclear Cooperation [Budapest AITII ............................................................ 7

BULGARIA

Article Criticizes State Nuclear Power Policy [POGLED No 32, 7 Ang/ ......................................... 7

LATIN AMERICA

ARGENTINA

Commission Reports on Nuclear Plant's Flaws [CLARIN 6 .ug/ .................................................... 9

Tlatelolco, Other Treaties Will Not Be Ratified [NOTICLIS ARGENTINA .......................... 9

Suspension of Power Rationing Announced [Bnenos Aires Radio] .................................................. 10

CNEA Held Responsible for Inactive Mine [NOTI(CIASARGENTINAS] ...................................... 10

BRAZIL

Purchase of Nuclear Materials Reported [FOLILI DE SAO 1P `1ULO 13 Aog/ ................................ 10

Special Defensive Equipment To Be Produced /0 GLOBO 14 Aug] ............................................... 10

Private Company To Prospect for Uranium [Brasilia Radio . ......................................................... II

CHILE

Construction of Thermonuclear Plant Under Study [Madrid EFE' ................................................. II
.JPRS-TNI)-89-017

29 AUGUST 1989 2

NEAR FAST & SOU1'-I ASIA

EGYPT

Nuclear Program Path Strewn With Obstacles ILondon AL-MAJALLAH 3 Jut] .............................. 12

INDI A

Newspaper Complains About U.S. Pressure [TIHE HINDUSTAN TIMES 31 Jut] ........................ 12

Minister Details Nuclear Cooperation With USSR [Moscow PRA VDA 14 Aug] ...................... 14

Future Nuclear Reactor Plans Detailed fIslamnahad Radio] ............................................................. 14

IRAN

IAEA Secretary General Interviewed /ITchran TI]/ .......................................................................... 14

LIBYA

Libyan Chosen as Arab Atom ic Energy Head /JANA] ...................................................................... 17

PAKISTAN

Official Notes PRC Concern Over Indian Missile [DAWN 26 Jul] ................................................ 17

N uclear Pact W ith India Ratified [Islam abad Radio] ......................................................................... 18

"Islam ic Bom b' Author Denounces Arrest to Press [AFP] ................................................................... 18

SOVIET UNION

PRC Scientists Visit Dubna Nuclear Institute [Moscow International] ........................................... 19

Atom ic Energy M inistry To Change Focus [TASS/ .......................................................................... 19

Public Union on Nuclear Safety Issues Set Up /MOSKOVSKAYA PRAVDA 27Jut! ..................... 19

Nuclear Safety Committee on July Stoppages /Moscow International] ........................................... 19

Suspension of Nuclear Reactor Construction Urged ITASS] ...................................................... 20

Situation Around Chernobyl 'Markedly Improved' ITASS] ............................................................ 20

Chernobyl Radiation Affects Plants, W ildlife fTASS] .................................................................... 20

\VEST EUROPE

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

Missile Technology Transfers to India Examined IDIE ZEIT 4 Aug] ............................................ 22

Firm Illegally Reexports Nuclear Technology [AFP] ...................................................................... 24

Public Prosecutor Investigates Technology Transfer ........................................................................... 24

Businessman Allegedly Sold Nuclear Plans IDPA] ................................................................ 24

Further on Investigation [FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU 24 Aug] .................................... 24
J PRS-TN D-89-017

29 August 1989 CHINA 1

France Training Chinese Engineers To Run tinder an arrangement between the C'hinese and Hong

Nuclear Power Plant Kong partners of the Dava Bay project, 70 percent of the

IIK220S021389 huntlo. KnOt' SOU7T1 (71IN. I nuclear-generated electricity is earmarked for consumptlORNIV; POST in Fl?4lish 22. I u,(, 891/ 5 tion in the territory.

[By And\ Ho] Report Updates Daya Bay Plant Progress

lK1108071()89 llnt' lnot' ZIION/011- TOK;.ngx

[Text] A group of 47 Mainland Chinese engineers who 1 ( Il 20 < luS Sin iC (hincese 1013 (ILT 20 .lig 89

will be responsible for the day-to-day operation of the

future Daya Bay nuclear power plant is now in France on [Report by Luo Ping (7482 1627): "The Construction

a training course. Project of the Dava Bay Nuclear Power Plant Makes

On completion of the course they will be issued French- Smooth Progress"--ZHONGGUO TONGXUN SHE

recognised diplomas by the technical consultant to the headline]

$28.8 billion Sino-Hong Kong atomic-power scheme.

Electricite de France. [Text] Hong Kong, 20 Aug (ZHONGGUO TONGXUN

The team is among the first of 115 engineers recruited to SHE)-Various design, equipment manufacturing. and

be the elite corps responsible for the operation. mainte- construction projects of the Daya Bay Nucar Power

nance and safety of the two pressurised water reactors to Plant. the first nuclear plant built by a Sino-foreign

be installed at Daya Bay. about 30 kilomertres northeast venture in China. have been making smooth progress

in Shcnzhen. since last year. The civil engineering project has reached

its peak and the work of installing equipment will begin

The Chinese engineers will be assigned to a French within this year. The first group of backbone personnel

nuclear power station equipped with Framatome- responsible for the operation of the nuclear power plant

designed reactors similar to those planned for Daya Bay. is now being trained in France. All aspects of the projects

are advancing according to the schedule.

They are required to take part in operating the station

and to perform maintenance tasks under the supervision The nuclear island project is making steady progress.

of French instructors. The large globe-shaped safety shell of the first reactor has

been erected. and the complicated internal structure of

The "shadow training program" in France is the fourth this solidly-built safety shell will soon be completed.

of a five-stage. three-year course for the Daya Bay Three water tanks for maintaining the safe operation of

nuclear engineers. the power plant have been delivered to the construction

The final phase of training will take place at an on-site site from France and have been installed.

training centre, which is equipped with a simulator The construction of the second reactor's plant is being

capable of duplicating normal and emergency situations advanced slightly ahead of schedule, and the construeat the plant. tion of the safety shell is being smoothly conducted. The

French and British specialists will work with the Chinese steel internal layer has been built and is 18 meters tall.

Frengin s ind Btshe start-upeciandstsmmiswong w the planese The plant for handling nuclear fuel and the plant for engineers in the star~t-up and commissioningof the plant. supporting nuclear equipment are also being built

The Dava Bay engineers will also be assessed by the smoothly. The two nuclear reactors are equipped with

Chinese National Nuclear Safety Administration before diesel generators for emergency use, and the oil tanks for

they are allowed to work at the atomic station. these generators have also been installed.

The administration has set up a supervisory office at the The projects related to the conventional islands have

Daya Bay site to monitor the performance of the devel- also advanced smoothly. Each conventional island will

oper-the Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Venture be equipped with a 90-billion-kilowatt turbogenerator.

Company-and its contractors. The concrete structure project of the first turbine plant

has been completed, and the foundation for the turboThe engineers will be supported by some 200 technicians generator and the steel structure of the roof will soon be

and foremen as well as 320 workers and clerks, completed. At the same time, the project of the second

turbine plant has been started.

Meanwhile. construction work at Daya Bay is proceeding on schedule with the installation of three There will be some pumps for taking sea water to the

French-made "safety injection accumulators" which condensors near the conventional island, and the first

stores water to cool down the reactors in case of a severe pump house will soon be completed. accident. Now, the makeshift moles of the nuclear power plant are

Also, about two-thirds of the 90 centimetre-thick, 56.7 being expanded, and three permanent moles will be

metre-high shell for the containment building of the first built. The eastern mole will be 560 meters long, and will

reactor unit has been completed. stretch into Daya Bay. The moles will protect the whole
JPRS-TND-89-017

2 CHINA 29 August 1989

site from the impact of typhoons. In addition, an equip- general supervision over every project in the nuclear

ment wharf has been built inside the eastern mole for power station. From 1987 to May this year, the quality

discharging the heavy-duty equipment successively guarantee station carried out more than 60 overall

delivered from Europe, and the wharf has been put into inspections and 1,748 routine checks in the main plants

operation. The other two moles are also under construe- of the nuclear island, the conventional islands, and the

tion. supporting facilities, where the HCCM Nuclear Power

The relevant construction companies and suppliers are Construction Joint Company is responsible for the civil

now busy advancing the projects. The installation of the engineering projects. Bokede [2672 0344 1795] Comnuclear island was contracted to Famatong [3127 7456 pany of the United States acts as quality guarantee

6639] Group. and No.2 Company and No.3 Company of adviser to the Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Comthe Nuclear Industrial Corporation are sub-contractors. pany, and has sent nine quality guarantee engineers to

The installation works on the conventional islands are assist the quality guarantee work of the joint company.

contracted to the Shandong Power Construction Company wiih tilhe General Turbogenerator Company of As for training, all the 115 engineers responsible for the

Britain as the technical adviser. The installation works of operation, maintenance, and security of the nuclear

the supporting projects are contracted to the Northeast power station are key personnel, who must receive

Power C(onstruction Company. They have now all training for not less than 3 years and must take training

arrived at the cyonsrction site and begun the prepara- courses in five stages. The first group of 47 trainees have

"tory works. begun their fourth-stage training in France. Other

There is strict supervision over quality control and trainees are receiving other training courses in Europe

guarantee. The Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint Com- and are learning the operation of various equipment in

pany has set up a quality guarantee station to exercise the plants of the suppliers.
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 EAST ASI\ 3

NORTH KOREA they truly desire peace and arms reduction. U.S. satellite

photos have reportedly spotted that the North Korean

Denial of Nuclear Weapons Production Cited authorities, since the early eighties, have been building a

large facility near the large research nuclear reactor in

SK1708221289 Seoutl Domestic Serrice in Aorean Yongbyon, North Pyongan Province, which appears to

2100 G/AIT 17 .1i~ 89 be a nuclear fuel reprocessing facility separating pluto-

[Text] According to a report of Xinhua-Yonhap News nium from nuclear fuel.

Agency frlom Pyongyang. North Korea yesterday denied

foreign news reports that North Korea is preparing for For clarification, the North Korean authorities, as we do,

production of nuclear weapons. In a news conference, Yi must accept the IAEA's inspection and monitoring

Song-ho, vice chairman of the North Korean antinuclear according to the NPT regulations. If they refuse to do so.

peace committee, said that North Korea policy is this will prove that they have a desire to develop nuclear

antiwar and antinuclear and that North Korea does not weapons. And, in this case, they must explain who would

have the technological know-how to produce nuclear be the target of mass destruction through the nuclear

weapons. Yi Song-ho denounced the U.S. side's argu- weapons they would manufacture.

ment that North Korea wants to produce nuclear

weapons as one for justifying U.S. nuclear deployment in The North Korean authorities habitually try to make

Korea. excuses that they had to adopt the four-point military

line in late 1962, because they saw that the Soviet Union

SOUTH KOREA was unable to offer active military support to Cuba at the

time of the Cuban crisis, for fear of U.S. nuclear retaliation. We can move backward one hundred steps and say North Korean Nuclear Program Denounced what they claim is true. But, still, it was already a long

SKI008131789 Seoul CHOSON ILBO in Korean time ago that the military strength of North Korea, built

9 Aug 89 p 2 up according to the four-point military line, grew much

more formidable than necessary to overwhelmingly

[Editorial: "Nuclear Bombs of 'Peace-Loving People"'] crush the "U.S. imperialists' aggressive ambition."

[Text] Those who shout peace and build up military They have as many as three times more mechanized and

power at the same time are the same as those contempt- armored units than we do: two times stronger fire power;

ible hooligans who wield a fist after making people stand arregular ar o e ours byaout 400.000 at ase Cetailytheword, e tink knws hatthe a regular army, outnumbering ours by' about 400,000

at ease. Certainly, the world, we think, knows that the troops; and reservists that are superior in combat capaNorth Korean authorities have more firequently talked bilities. fire power, and numbers. But, still not satisfied,

about peace. national reunification, and the nuclear they are manufacturing nuclear weapons. Somebody

withdrawal than we have. However, the North Korean t are manfng nulear weap.

authorities, who claimed that they loved peace so much must Stop this awful military buildup.

and ardently longed for national reunification, and who

called for the withdrawal of nuclear weapons, saying that According to news reports, we, too, have developed

they were an obstacle to peace and national reunifica- maximum 256-kilometer-range ground-to-ground mistion, have been making nuclear bombs. siles. But, these missiles are behind North Korea's 304-

km-range Scud B missiles.

Some may say that this is not 100-percent accurate

information. However, we strongly call for the North Somebody must stop this formidable arms race. We are

Korean authorities to immediately conclude, as a follow- well aware who must be stopped first. However, we have

up step after joining the Nonproliferation of Nuclear no desire and see no need to debate on this. All in all, the

Weapons Treaty [NPT], a safeguards agreement with the ever-growing stockpile of weaponry in the armories on

International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA]. This is a the small Korean peninsula must be removed. Which

responsibility, side has more powerful destructive means and which

side would be annihilated by them must be clarified. We joined the NPT in 1975, 10 years earlier than North Then, the stronger side must reduce its power first. The

Korea. and, immediately after this, we concluded a safeguards agreemenitaswell. accord thiswe o Kl d is primitive trick of shouting peace and wielding fist must safeguards agreement as well. Accordingly, the ROK is now be abandoned. Instead, arms reduction, which can under the IAEA's stringent and precise monitoring with appear convincing to anyone, must begin. First of all, the regard to its nuclear facilities and in the use Of nuclear North Korea's atomic reactor, which has been spotted by

materials, the satellite, must be inspected by the international

Whenever they open their mouths, the North Korean agency.

authorities rave on the theory of peaceful reunification

and demand that we jointly reduce armed forces. In this Only then can North-South mutual arms reduction be

regard, they should make efforts so that the arms reduc- pursued and, after an agreement is reached on this, can

tion and peace of North and South Korea will be equally the U.S. troops be withdrawn from South Korea. This is

guaranteed according to some objective standards, if the proper course.
JPRS-TND-89-017

4 EAST ASIA 29 August 1989

IS.., South UTrge Nuclear Inspections of North Minister Yi reached agreements with U.S. officials for

N;\I3(13, '322)Y 5coiu/ 111E KOII•I IIER, ILD in various joint research activities in nuclear and other

wl'i uI l,13n,, ,93 up-to-date technologies during his three-day stay in

Washington, according to Korean officials.

[Tc\tJ Korea and the Uniled States have urged north The Korean minister visited the U.S. Nuclear RegulaKorea to sign an agreement that will place its nuclear tory Commission (NRC) and the National Science Founfaicil tics under international inspection, the Ministry of dation.

Science and Tcchnology reported yesterday. The action came in a meeting between Science and Among the Korca-U.S. joint projects are research into .fcchniology Minister Yi Sang-hui and Reginald Bartho- cold fusion at room temperature, superconducting super

lonicw1. the I1.S. under-secretary for security assistance colliders (SSCS), integral fast reactors and environ-

-mental protection and space technologies. and science and technology, in Washington Friday.

Yi \ isitcd the [ I.S. capital Aug. 9-11 on the last leg of his

threC-nation tour. which had also taken him to Canada U.S. Newspaper Story on North Korean Nuclear

and Japan. Plant Discussed

SK2208000189 Seoul TIlE KOREA HERALD in Quoting a report by \i s aides in Washington, the English 22 Aug 89 p 1

Korean ministry said )i and Bartholomew shared the

\ that north Korea should fulfill the safeguards of the

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) by late [Text] Washington (YONHAP)-North Korea is conSeptember w\ hen the 33rd IAEA Congress is to be held in structing a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant near an experV\icnna. Austria. imental nuclear reactor at Yongbyon north of Pyongyang

with technical assistance from the Soviet Union, THE North Koica. although it signed the Nuclear Nonprolif- NEW YORK TIMES reported Sunday.

cration Treat\ (NPT) in 1985. has yet to complete the

sali'guard(s. thus keeping its nuclear facilities from being The TIMES said in a story entitled, "'From the Great

inspected b\ international officials. Leader to the Dear Leader," at least two Asians.

Seoul officials said Pyongyang has not had any negotia- including one who makes regular visits to North Korea.

tions with the IAEA in ignorance of the NPT stipulations witnessed the nuclear facility due to an error made by a

that require a member country to begin negotiations North Korean military intelligence unit.

within six months of N PT membership and follow the safeguards within 18 months from when the negotiations Nicholas Kristof, Beijing branch chief of THE TIMES in can. 1 o fLondon, contributed to THE NEW YORK TIMES mag- began, azine the story he wrote after attending the World

North Korea, which received four 440MW power- Festival of Youth and Students held in Pyongyang early

generating reactors fr'om the Soviet Union in 1985, last month.

reportedly is striving to build nuclear weapons by constructing nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. The influential daily quoted one of the two Asians. who

has a close tie with North Korean leadership, during an

Recent reports said that north Korea has built a nuclear interview, as saying that there was a facility near the

fuel processing plant in Yongbyon. north of Pyongyang, Yongbyon reactor that appeared to be a nuclear reprowhere nuclear reactors have been in existence. cessing plant, which is under construction with Soviet

The second Yongbhon plant could extract plutonium, technology assistance.

the rass material from atomic weapons, from spent Kristof reported that if his remark is proved to be true, it

nuIclear fuel rods. would certify fears by South Korea and Western counDuring the Washington meeting. Korean officials said, tries that North Korea is developing nuclear weapons

Yi and Bartholomew agreed that the two governments capability.

should reestablish a bilateral science and technology Kim Chong-il, heir-apparent to North Korean leader

agreement in the near future. Kim ll-song, has been deeply involved in state affairs,

The Korea-l .S. Science and Technology Agreement, said the daily, quoting a foreigner living in Pyongyang as

which had been signed in 1976, expired last October and saying that the transfer of duties has been apparent in the

the United States has refused to renew the pact, past five months.

demanding Seoul guarantee protection of U.S. intellectural property rights in Korea. The daily predicted that there is a possibility that the

generation of Kim Il-song era could oppose the power

The breakthrough was made by Yi's promise that Seoul succession to Kim Chong-il after the death of Kim

xould introduce food patents and guarantee the protec- ll-song. Kim Chong-il will initially take over the leadertion of secret militar\ patents of'the United States. ship with no hitch.
J1 PRS-TN 1)-89-1117

29 August 1989 EAST ASIA 5

The daily said Kim Chong-il's sticking power would structure between them. Because of their formidable

depend on the loyalty of the military, noting that North destructive power, however, nuclear weapons are still

Korean military leaders have recently been reshuffled. very dangerous, even as a means of deterring war.

Editorial \Varns Against Nuclear Arms If and when either North or South develops nuclear

Development in Korea weapons and takes possession of them, it can invite the

other to do the same. If and when this happens, the

SKI 70,SI3458•'9 Seoul IL ,(;}YORLE SIAAIIUN in Korean, North and South will find it unavoidable to enter a race

13 .luit- 891 0 of developing nuclear weapons, something that is

beyond our imagination. In the face of these news [Editorial: ".Nuclear Weapons' That Will Bring Annihi- reports that make both the North and South appear to be

lation to the Nation-The North and the South Should developing nuclear weapons in a competitive manner,

Not Develop Nuclear Weapons"] we should remember what Taiwan's former President

[Text],A report that North Korea has been spotted building Chiang Kai-shek is supposed to have told his son Chiang n[clear fuel reprocxssing facitities capable of separating Ching-kuo: Although we are in a standoff, the Chinese

plutonium from nuclear fuel in an area close to Yongsyont people should never toy with the idea of annihilating the

plutoniumthe nucea fuel in fromug ancea arecosptonogbon North Pyongan Province, has been followed by another other through the use of nuclear weapons.

report that U.S. technology codes useful for developing

atomic bombs have been sold to many countries, including

South Korea. through lawful channels. Moreover, on 7 Nuclear Plants Planned To Meet Electricity

August. the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Demand

stated that both the North and South have deployed SK1708065489Seold YONILIP ini English

ballistic nuclear missiles for actual warfare. 0216 GMT 17 Aug 89

We are not sure whether such reports are based on

confirmed data or not. Nor are we certain whether or not [Text] Seoul, Aug 17-South Korea needs to build 50

these reports have any relation to the presence of nuclear nuclear power plants by the year 2031 to meet 40 percent

weapons deployed on the Korean peninsula. However, of the demand for electricity.

these news reports. in conjuring up a picture of both

North and South emerging from a conventional arms Demand will reach 454,158 megawatts in 2031, about

race and embarking upon a race to develop nuclear six times the 1988 figure, and atomic energy should

weapons, awaken a genuinely wretched feeling in our supply 40 percent of the total, a research report said

minds. We are well aware of just how formidable the Wednesday.

nuclear weapons arc. If these reports turn out to be true,

what are both the North and South trying to prove by The report, prepared by the Institute of Energy Studies at

arming themselves with nuclear weapons? Ajou University, was presented to a policy meeting of the Energy and Resources Ministry.

It is apparent to everyone that the world is now moving

toward a new detente. The United States and the Soviet The nation's appetite for electricity will grow 6 percent

Union. the two superpowers that have been engaged in a per annum between 1989 and 2001, 4 percent between

fierce arms race, have now agreed to partial arms reduc- 2002 and 2011, 3.6 percent between 2012 and 2021 and

tion in their arsenals, and regional feuds in various parts 3.1 percent between 2022 and 2031, it predicted.

of the world in which the two superpowers have exercised their influences now show signs of settlement. In To meet the demand, the nation needs 50 more nuclear

addition. China and the Soviet Union, the two countries power stations, 65 coal-fired power plants and 40 fueled

that had long entertained hostile relations, have now by oil and liquified natural gas, it said.

improved bilateral relations after holding summit talks

early this year. Taking advantage of such a mood of The government should develop state-of-the-art technoldetente. even our country is now actively engaged in ogies to improve safety so that people no longer feel

economic exchanges with such communist countries as uneasy about atomic power plants and they win popular

the Soviet Union, China, and East European countries, confidence, it said.

We cannot help asking: Why do the North and South run

counter to such a mood of detente. and why can they not The report recommended that the government establish

abandon nuclear weapons at a time when the interna- a firm policy on the disposal of radioactive waste and

tional community is on the move toward detente? inform people living near plants of the whole procedure

of their construction and operation. We know that countries with no power are unable to

guarantee their own security in such an international era It suggested the government form an independent body for

as today. There is no denying that the North and South public information on atomic plants that would be in

should inevitably maintain military power until such charge of such matters as holding public hearings and other

time as they have reached an agreement on a firm peace briefing sessions related with nuclear administration.
JPRS-TND-89-017

6 EAST ASIA 29 August 1989

It also said the government should take public opinion During the meeting, Energy and Resources Minister Yi

into account in selecting sites and offer optimal compen- Pong-so said the government will set up a long-term

sation for local residents from the stage of land purchases nuclear power development program based on the report. to construct ion and operation. Korea has eight nuclear power plants in operation and three

The governmnent should also settle problems raised by plants under construction with three more due by 2001.

residents near atomic plants by conducting thorough

investigations of allegations of radioactive contamina- In 1988, atomic energy generated 40.1 billion kilowattlion at the earliest date. hours of electricity, or 46.9 percent of the total, Yi said.
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 EAST EUROPE 7

INTRABLOC AFFAIRS However, it is much more profitable for the enterprise to

have a foreign trade firm and conclude deals independently, as all foreign currency goes to its account.

International Nuclear Energy Conference Ends whereas earlier ministries took the lion's share.

A U2007114189 East Berlin NEUES DEUTSCJILAND Economic reforms in the Soviet Union are abolishing

in German 19 Jul 89 p 2 this injustice, establishing ventures' independence and

[ADN report: "International Conference on Nuclear granting them the right to directly enter the foreign

Power Plants"] market.

[Text] East Berlin (ADN)-On Tuesday [18 July] representatives of the state control organs of Bulgaria. the CSSR, Hungary Discuss Nuclear Cooperation

CSSR, the GDR, and the USSR, which are working in LD1808211589 Budapest MT! in Eng/ish

the field of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, concluded 1636 GMT 18 Aug 89

their 2-day conference at the GDR State Office for

Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection in Berlin. Proceeding from the safety recommendations worked out by [Text] Budapest, August 18-A discussion was held

the IAEA, which reflect the worldwide consensus on a between Hungarian and Czechoslovak experts in

number of problems of nuclear safety, specific questions Budapest on August 15-18, on the possibility of cooperof further developing the safety of nuclear power plant ation on the nuclear safety, radiation protection and

reactors in the countries represented at the conference exchange of information concerning nuclear power stawere discussed. tions. The discussions were attended by representatives

of the Hungarian National Atomic Energy Committee

and their Czechoslovak counterpart. including experts of

Soviet Firm To Modernize Hungarian Nuclear Plant the relevant Hungarian and Czechoslovak ministries. As

LD1508123889 Moscow TASS in English a result, a draft agreement was worked out by the

1202 GMT 15 Aug 89 participants on steps to be taken.

[Text] Kharkov August 15 TASS-A foreign trade firm, An important item of the agreement under elaboration is

set up at Kirov plant in Kharkov, has signed the first the speedy and accurate information to be provided to

cooperation agreement with the Hungarian Paks nuclear the public on all important aspects of the utilization of

power station. The Soviet firm has received an order to atomic energy. In the preparatory process, Hungarian

modernise the oldest nuclear power unit at the station experts will also visit the nuclear power station being

with a capacity of 440,000 kilowatts. constructed in the vicinity of Moh. in Czechoslovakia

[CSSR] close to the Hungarian border. In addition they

"-We will replace steel rotors, fix more effective blades will be acquainted with the installations serving the

and improve settings at both turbines made at our safety of the population and the environment.

plant," said Mikhail Virchenko, the Kirov plant's chief

engineer.

"It is not that we are concerned over these turbines' BULGARIA

reliability. The replacement of the turbines' parts was

timed to coincide with regular short-time shut-downs for

check-ups and refueling. The first shut-down will be this Article Criticizes State Nuclear Poiwer Policy

autumn, and we have made the required parts. Thanks to A U0908110289

the modifications, the power capacity of the unit will

increase by 15,000 kilowatts with the same fuel con- [Editorial Report] Sofia PO(GLED No 32 in Bulgarian on

sumption," Virchenko said. 7 August on pages 8 and 9 publishes a 1.200-word article

The Soviet firm has concluded another contract with by Ivan Genov entitled "Is the Nuclear Energy Industry

Bulgaria. It is planned to modernise eight kharkov-made Indispensible'?"

turbines with a power capacity of 760,000 kilowatts at the Bulgarian Kozlodui nuclear plant. Genov explains that his article is in response to the article

by Academician Prof Nikola Todoricv entitled "'Water.

The deliveries of finished units will begin next year, and Coal or Uranium?" published in POGLED No 28 of 10

the modernisation will be completed in the next five-year July. He contests Todoriev's "'categorical assertion" that

period (1991-1995). The Soviet firm guarantees the exten- "there remains only one possibility: the further utilization

sion of the maximum term of operation and the increase of of nuclear energy to meet energy requirements." the plant's power capacity by 60,000 kilowatts. Genov continues by arguing that nuclear power plants

The Kirov plant is a major exporter of power equipment, are "a symbol of the extensive economy." which is now

and its turbines are operating in many European, Asian, completely out of fashion. He offers Soviet data on the

Latin American and African states. immense cost of constructing new plants and quotes
,JPRS-TND-89-017

8 EAST EUROPE 29 August 1989

other figures 'from West European experts" showing waste and also notes the falling worldwide trend in lhe

that the elcetricity generating costs of nuclear plants are numbers of new nuclear plants under construction.

in fact much higher than for conventional types of power

stations. He also points out that the direct costs of Genov concludes his article with a general survey of

eliminating the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster alternative energy sources. Comm1enting: "'Surely the

were 8 billion rubles, while the Three Mile Island nuclear flaccid statement in the article 'Water. Coal, or Uraplant accident cost the United States $1 billion. "There nium?' that 'new energy sources play no significant part

is no doubt." says Genov, "that such costs (heaven in forming the energy balance' is an alarming indication

forbid!). calculated for the scale of Bulgaria, would have of an inadmissible departmental apathy toward the vanruinous economic consequences." guard field of nontraditional energy sources (wind. the

sun, hydrogen. geothermal sources, tides, bioenergy. and

Genov briefly points out the imponderable ecological so on)," he urges that Bulgaria should allocate substandangers posed by the problem of disposal of radioactive tial funds to serious research in these areas.
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 LATIN AMERICA 9

ARGENTINA The first signs of flaws in Atucha I appeared in 1985. but

they were not obvious then. Only now, in retrospect. are

those sign properly understood. For example. the tenCommission Reports on Nuclear Plant's Flaws perature of the heavy water in the moderator varies a fev\

PY0808163089 Btenos Aires CLARIN in Spanish degrees. The Energy Secretary visited the Atucha I plant

6,4-lug 89 p 19 for the first time last week, to hear opinions from the

CNEA [National Commission for Atomic Energy]

experts. No one had visited the plant before, when the

[Text] The Public Works and Service Ministry and the problems began to develop.

Energy Secretariat have received a report prepared by

experts who were commissioned to determine what is All the repair deadlines are tentative. In the opinion of

happening at the Atucha I nuclear plant, the reasons for experts, only part of the Atucha I plant can be back in

the delay in its repairs, and its future operation, which is operation by late September.

indispensable for the national energy system to operate

normally. Tlatelolco, Other Treaties Will Not Be Ratified

According to the report, the difficulties affecting the PYII08164089 Buenos Aires NOTIC7IiS

nuclear plant after 14 years in operation are unprece- ARGENTINAS in Spanish 2250 G(.T I7'0. li' 89

dented, even in countries where nuclear technology is

advanced. One of those countries (FRG) has submitted a [Text] Buenos Aires, 10 Aug-Mario Campora. secretari

plan to repair Atucha 1. At the negotiation table with for Multilateral and Special Affairs of the Foreign MinArgentine experts, however, the German specialists con- istry, reaffirmed today that Argentina will not ratify' the

tended that those repairs cannot be made. Tlatelolco Treaty, nor will it sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (TNP), and he highlighted the peaceful

The official report indicates precision tools for the repair goals of the Argentine nuclear program.

job had to be designed. Those tools must be capable of During a news conference at the Foreign Ministr\.

being operated from a distance of 11 meters through a hole Ambassador Campora was asked about a press report

12 cm in diameter. The tools were specially manufactured, indicating that the government was studying the possiand some of them proved unsatisfactory. The tools have to bility of signing the Tlatelolco Treaty, to which he

be redesigned, and the repair job has therefore been replied that "'there are no changes in Argentina's tradidelayed. The personnel to operate the manipulator-a tional position," and he stressed that the Justicialist

robot-must be trained. Many technicians operate the Party's platform is "very explicit in this respect."

robot well during trials, but are discouraged by the obstacles to working with it inside the reactor. He stated that the Peronist election platform stressed the

continuation of "Argentina's independent program, and

There were other nontechnical problems at Atucha 1. it did not promote the ratification of those trcaties."

Great Britain could have provided help in 4 to 5 months, Asked about the importance of the visit of Richard

but suspended relations stood in the way of getting that Kennedy, U.S. ambassador for nonproliferation polic.

help. Furthermore, the head ofthe prior government had who will arrive next week, Campora said that '*the

to be convinced that, to import necessary elements, the tendency regarding relations on nuclear matters is

"buy Argentine product" restriction had to be lifted, becoming more and more positive."

There were obstacles in clearing imported items through He reiterated that Argentina believes that the TNP

customs and unexpected difficulties in opening the letters contains "an obstacle to the independent nuclear proof credit. The official report that has recently been sub- grams of developing countries."

mitted mentions a case some time ago: A foreign manu- He said that "as an alternative to nonproliferation

facturer of a part needed to repair Atucha 1 had offered to control we are proposing much closer cooperation with

make delivery in 8 weeks at a certain price, adding that the Brazil." He maintained that replacing Argentinedelivery time could be shortened with a 10-percent price Brazilian rivalry with cooperation gives "rs the best

increase. Nothing could be done because of the indecision safeguan agait c ooperation ae d the best

of the Executive Branch, the Economy Ministry, and the safeguard against nuclear proliferation,r and the develCentral Bank in opening the letter of credit in the last opment of nuclear technology for military use.

stages of the Alfonsin government. He also stated that during President Carlos Menem's

visit to Brazil from 22,) to 24 August. annexes to the

According to experts, design is the shortcoming of Nuclear Cooperation Protocols will be signed. Private

Atucha 1. Its manufacturers, however, cannot by held Argentine enterprises will thereby be able to participate

responsible for that, because the plant has been in in the construction of the Angra II nuclear plant with an

operation for 15 years, and at the time it was built there investment of approximately $15 million, while Brawas not the expertise nor the technical problems that zilian enterprises will participate in the construction of

now exist. Atucha I1.
JPRS-TND-89-017

10 LATIN AMERICA 29 August 1989

Suspension of Power Rationing Announced BRAZIL

P)Y1508035689 But eosAires l)onestic Serv'ice in

Spanish 1600 GAIT 15,Iug- 89 Purchase of Nuclear Materials Reported

[Text] Energy Secretary Julio Cesar Araoz has PY1508030089 Sao Paulo FOLIJA DE SA 0 Rt ULO in

announced that as of tomorrow, tile electric energy cuts Porlugucese 13 .lug 89p ,-Iwill be suspended all over the country. The suspension [By special correspondent in Luxembourg Tania Malwill last until the end of next week. He added that the

Embalse nuclear plant will resume operations in 2 or 3 heiros]

weeks. Araoz said the Atucha I plant is expected to [Excerpts] The National Commission for Nuclear Energy

resume operations between 23 and 30 October. (CNEN) owes approximately $10 million to Luxembourg's Gradel Corporation. The debt was contracted in

1981, when the CNEN purchased nuclear material proCNEA Held Responsible for Inactive Mine duced by Gradel. The commission has never reported

P)1608174089 Buenos Atires NOTICI IS this purchase. The CNEN, which is a self-managed

AR(iENTINAS in Spanish 1320 GIT 16 tug 89 institution subordinate to the Presidency, has transferred approximately $1.2 million to Luxemburg annu-

[Text] Cordoba, 16 Aug-The Sanchez Grandl Company ally in order to meet this obligation. [passage omitted]

is holding the National Commission for Atomic Energy Gradel director Eugene Biver has said that his company

(CNEA) responsible for the paralyzation of the activities supplies equipment to countries of Euratom (European

at the Los Gigantes mine. stating that the CNEA owes Nuclear Energy Community), which was formed by

the Sanchez Granel Company 500 million australs in France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the FRG, and

work certificates to July 1989. Belgium. Euratom was founded in 1958, and its headquarters is in Brussels. It was recently joined by Portugal,

Jorge Armando Berisso, the deputy manager of the Los Spain. Italy, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, and the United

Gigantes mining complex. added that the Sanchez Kingdom.

Granel Company has been asking the CNEA to expand In 1981, when CNEN and Gradel closed their deal, the

the deposit's exploration program in order to assess the commission started operating four secret bank accounts,

available reserves but that, so far. the necessary funds which were known as "Deltas," as reported by FOLHA DE

have not been forthcoming. SAO PAULO in 1986. The funds in those accounts were

used for the parallel nuclear program. They have not yet

Berisso denied that the Sanchez Granel Company is been closed; they remain open under other names.

trying to justify the possible removal of the facilities at

which the raw nuclear fuel that is used in the Embalse In 1981, the CNEN and the Navy began assembling the

and Atucha nuclear power plants is extracted. Aramar experimental center in Ipero (125 km west of

Sao Pualo). The center enriches uranium for use by the

first Brazilian nuclear submarine. The center is not

The Los Gigantes mining complex has been virtually tinder the supervision of the International Atomic

paralyzed since last June. This has forced the Mine- Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria.

workers Labor Association to demand the government's

intervention in order to solve the situation of 150

Sanchez Granel Company workers, Special Defensive Equipment To Be Produced

PY1508004089 Rio dc laneiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese Cordoba Province legislators have presented a draft 14 ug89p 17

statement in which the CNEA is asked "to immedialely

approach the problem and seek the best solutions so that [Text] Sao Paulo-The Army Staff and the Sao Paulo

the national atomic program will not be affected." State Federation of Industries (FIESP) will arrange to

produce military equipment in Brazil for defense against

In addition, the legislators warned that if work is not chemical. biological, and nuclear weapons. In the next

resumed at Los Gigantes-the world's lowest grade ore few days an Army stall officer will meet at the FIESP

deposit-in the midterm, the fuel reserves for the oper- with industrialists who want to produce equipment such

ation of the nuclear power plants could be depleted and as automatic chemical agent detectors, signal systems for

thus aggravate the energy crisis, contaminated areas, decontamination pumps. stretchers,

rain power meters [calculador de potencia de precipitaConcerning the uranium deposit's reserves, it has been cao]. and radioactivity simulators.

explained that the (low grade) ore in the Los Gigantes Nelson Abbud Joao, director of FIEFP's industrial prodeposit has diminished from 290 grams per ton of rock motion department (DMI), has said that the Army is

to 150 grams. getting ready to face situations like the accident with
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 LATIN AMERICA 11

Cesium-137 in Goiania, when it had to import radioac- The private contractor will spend $10 million to study

tivity control equipment. Businessman Mauro Daffre of the economic feasibility of exploiting the Lagoa Real

Protin, Individual Protection Equipment, who is the deposits. A $100 million investment will be made to

president of the Union of Job Protection and Safety construct a mineral-industrial complex for the producIndustries, has stressed that Brazilian industry can meet tion of uranium concentrate, which is the raw material

the needs of the Army, including the production of for nuclear reactor fuel. The complex, which will be built

nuclear protection equipment. in the district of Caitite, will generate 600 jobs.

Brazilian Uranium will sign two other contracts with

The products that the Army wants to be produced in private companies for prospecting for uranium in (GonBrazil are, among others, rapid chemical decontamina- dore), Minas Gerais, and in (Itatiai), Ceara.

tion gloves, self-injecting syringes, protective clothing,

and adhesive detection paper. CHILE

Construction of Thermonuclear Plant Under Studs

Private Company To Prospect for UraniumP168489 adidEEnSais PY1608144889 Madrid EFE in Spanish

PY1609005889 Brasilia Domestic Service in Portuguese 1916 GMT 15 Aug 89

2200 GAIT 15 Aug 89 [Text] Santiago, 15 Aug-General Herman Brady, president of the National Nuclear Energy Commission, has

[Text] During a ceremony attended by President Jose said that Chile may build a thermonuclear plant to meet

Sarney, Brazilian Uranium, a state-run company, signed a the increasing demand of electricity.

contract with the (Andrade Gutierrez) Mining Company

for the exploitation of Brazil's largest uranium deposit, During a news conference, Brady said that the construelocated in Lagoa Real, Bahia. The ceremony, held at tion of a thermonuclear plant, which has already been

President Sarney's office on the third floor of Government analyzed on various occasions, is technically feasible but

House, marked the beginning of the participation of pri- will depend on available financial resources.

vate companies in the Brazilian nuclear program. Brady was accompanied by Richard Kennedy, U.S.

ambassador at large for nonproliferation, who will end

President Sarney said that this is another step by which his official visit to Chile today.

the public and the private sectors are joining efforts to Kennedy said that the United States might support the

implement the Brazilian nuclear program. National

Commission for Nuclear Energy-CNEN-President peaceful use of nuclear energy in Chile.

Rex Nazareth said that the participation of the private Kennedy added that "the U.S. Government is providing

sector in uranium prospecting will not end the state some support to Chile. Proof of this is the fact that

monopoly in the nuclear industry which is provided for Chilean students are taking advanced studies in the

in the Constitution. United States."
J PRS-TN D-89-017

12 NEAR EAST' & SOUIT HASIA 29 August 1989

E GY IY I was scheduled to be made in 1986: however, the Chernobyl accident in the Soviet Union in April 1986 had a

Nuclear Program Path Strewn With Obstacles negative effect on the Egyptian program, and a new wave

1004000 London . 1-11. ILL.III inof opposition to the project ensued.

3 JII S9 /? 35

[Article: "Problenis of the Egyptian Nuclear Program"] INDIA

[Excerpts] I)uring his visit to Cairo in the suLnmcr o0

1974. former American President Richard Nixon oflcred Newspaper Complains About U.S. Pressure

to supply Egypt with nuclear power plants with a BKO908113589 Delhi T1E HINDUSTAIN 7TItIES in

capacity of 1.800 mcgawatts. [passage omitted] English 31 JIul 89 ) 13

It was difficult for Egypt to find anly advanced country to [K. Subrahmanyam article entitled "U.S. at the Old

help her with her nuclear program, because all of themn

had agreed to impose almost the same conditions. At the Game']

same time. the Egyptian nuclear program faced

increasing domestic opposition after the accidental [Text] In 1974, following the Pokharan nuclear test the

escape of radiation from the Three Mile Island reactor in United States, Canada and other Western countries

the United States in 1979. Local pressures in Alexandria joined together in applying pressure on India to disconand surrounding areas forced the Egyptian government tinue the nuclear tests. The Indian leadership buckled

to abandon its original plan to build the first Egyptian under the pressure and discontinued further testing.

reactor in the Sidi Kurayr area, near Alexandria. New Encouraged by that precedent, the United States Adminstudies had to be made to select an alternative site. istration presumably is attempting to repeat that exercise

and this time try to dissuade India froil continuing The nuclear project was strengthened the following year further tests of Agni missile. Given our past record one with the formation of tile Higher Council for Energy. It cannot blame the U.S. Administration and the senators

made new studies that confirmed the importance of friom making their attempts. One hopes that India of

generating electricity from inuclear power as a vital 1989 is not the India of 1974 and this time the countrv

necessity for development in Egypt. In order to over- will be able to rebuff such monopolistic approach of

conic international restrictions imposed on nuclear tech- sonie dominant powers arrogantly establishing the docnology transfer. Egypt had to approve the nuclear arms trine that missiles and sophisticated technologies are to

nonproliferation agreement. It did so in February 1981. be controlled solely by them and the developing nations

are to be prevented by various means frlom catching up Egypt's approval of tie treaty provided a great opportu- with them in technology. In their attempt, with their

nil\ for expanding the scope 01' iuclear cooperation control of world-wide mass media a significant amount

bet\scen Egypt and the advanced countries in tilis area. ofdisinformation has been generated to mislead both the

In March 1981, a nuLiclear cooperation agreement was American people and the rest of the world.

signed with France. In the same month. tile Americans

agreed to sign the agreement over which they had pro- The United States built its atomn bomb withil the hlp of

crastinated for 5 years. Agreements with West Germany dozens ofcemigre scientists who fled from Europe. So was (1981). Canada (1982), Britain (1983), and Switzerland the case with the hydrogen bomb. The U.S. missile

and Belgium (1984) followed. Also, there were under- program was initiated by a famous Chinese scientist Dr

standings between Egypt and Sweden and Niger, which Qian Xueseni who as a colonel in the U.S. Army recruited are considered important sources of uranium, all the talented German rocket scientists from tile Peencmunde establishnmenis in Germany at the end of the These agreements allow Egypt to obtain reactors from Second World War to build missiles for the U.S. This

these countries. The prevailing teindency among Egyp- included Dr Wcrncr von Braun who launched the

tian officials was to obtain one or two reactors Irom each manned mission to moon. It also included a number of

countrv. so as to avoid b)ecoiliing subject to a siilgle cx-Nazis whom the U.S. protected and shielded. Even

country's monopoly. and so that by the year 2000 there today tile U.S. has borrowed the Soviet technology for

would be eight Egyptian reactors, in accordance with the their neutral particle beanl [term as published] for their

plan laid down for generating power. The shares of tile Star Wars.

French offering were increasing. since it pro\ ided ideal

conditions. However. the Americans encouraged a dif- Given this background it is amusing to read about sonie

ferent direction-opening the Egyptian nuclear project U.S. congressmen and so-called experts talking of India

to bidding among international corporations, on the having obtained technology for its missile from abroad.

ground that this would provide an opportunity to choose One expert even talked of the Agni's nose cone resemthe best of the offered bids. This method was adopted. bling the German one. So far only German missiles have

The bidding "as opened in 1983. and examination and been fired by the Germans who worked in tile missile

study of the bids continued until 1985. A final decision and space programs of the United States and Germany

to begin building the first Egyptian nuclear power plant by itself has no independent missile program.
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 13

Now comes the announcement that U.S. would not sell U.S. while the Western Europeans and the Japanese ma\

to India combined acceleration and vibration climatic go along with the U.S. in terms to paying lip-service to

test system (CAVCTS) in order to prevent this country U.S. sponsored missile control regime the Western govfrom developing missiles. This reminds one of a Tamil ernments have no control over the movement of talented

proverb about a cantankerous person hiding the comb of personnel or exports of subsystems. The man who

the bride with the object of preventing the marriage from designed the nuclear export control trigger list, Claude

taking place. The engineering firms in India have the Zangger of Switzerland, himself authorized export of

capability to make the (CAVCTS) equipment and the subsystems required for the uranium hexaflouride circuIndian program will go through without any U.S. help. lation system to Pakistan as that system was not in the

The Canadians stopped their aid to our nuclear program trigger list since he did not think that a developing nation

in 1974. Though there were delays we pressed ahead with could set up a uranium enrichment plant.

our reactor program. Now the Canadians would like to

come back but we have no need for them. India has proposed that both nuclear weapons and

chemical weapons should be outlawed and eliminated

It is not a coincidence the Americans have launched a and there should be a total nondiscriminatory verificasimultaneous propaganda campaign about Indian sale of tion regime for all nations.

chemicals to West Asia which allegedly could be used to This is the only way in which nuclear and chemical

make chemical weapons. The chemical in question, thionyl

chloride, is two steps away from any chemical weapon and wapons can be eliminated and the world can be made

is not in the list of precursor materials drawn up in Paris safe from proliferation both the ongoing one by the

and in Geneva which are not to be sold. In fact the only industrialized nations and China and the impending

process in which this chemical can be used to make a proliferation by threshold countries. [sentence as pubpoison gas can be carried out more easily by the cheaper lished] But the U.S. and its supporters unrcalistically

and commonly available hydrochloric acid. Thionyl chlo- hope to keep such weapons in their cartelized control

ride is used commonly for detergents, cosmetics, and many and prevent the other nations, especially non-white

other innocuous substances. developing nations, from having them. They have developed a strategy of "Discriminate Deterrence" by which

The fact of the matter is the poison gas plant in Iraq was they aim to use missiles of high accurancy with stand off

built with West German help. The U.S. controls are so capabilities in developing world even while preaching

sloppy that Israelis took away from that country hun- non-proliferation of such weapons to those countries dreds of kilograms of weapon grade enriched uranium which are the intended victims of such punitive coercive

and Pakistanis Kryton switches. Pakistan got all its diplomacy by the U.S. and other industrial countries.

equipment for its uranium enrichment plant from They oppose Gorbachev's plea for stopping missile modequimen foritsuraium nrihmet plnt rom ernization and insist that missile modernization is a

Western Europe. Just now the U.S. is reported to be nityor theinse tt th e mer time they

applying pressure on France not to sell the vibration necessity for their own security. At the same time they

climatic test machine to Brazil. Earlier the U.S. failed to argue that other nations should not develop missiles. To

stop the West Germans from transferring to Brazil recall the words of late Ambassador V.C. Trivedi during

technology on uranium enrichment. Geneva non-proliferation treaty negotiations in 1965 they want to disarm the unarmed.

What the Americans overlook is that there are thousands Attempting to stop missile and chemical weapons proof scientists in the Western world who have worked in liferation even while the industrialized nations conthe chemical, nuclear and missile programs who can be tinued to proliferate them is a futile exercise. The NPT

hired at appropriate prices by rich Arab countries. They [Nonproliferation Treaty] could not stop Israel, India,

are helping Iraq, Egypt, and Argentina in CONDOR Pakistan, Brazil, Argentina and South Africa friom develmissile program. The U.S. threw out Dr Qian Xuesen in oping adequate know-how to make the weapons. The

1955 and he went to his native land and built the missile non-proliferation regime does not stop Israel

Chinese missiles. The British scientists disbanded from from developing Jericho II, China from selling CSS-2

the Manhattan atomic bomb project fabricated the missiles to Saudi Arabia, Silkworm missiles to Iran and

British bomb. The American approach to stopping other M-9 missiles to Syria. The joint Iraq-Egypt-Argentinian

countries from having weapons they develop with brains missile project is not going to stop, nor Pakistani missile

borrowed from the rest of the world is the same as that of projects. As the West increases economic pressures on

gods in the Greek fable who wanted to preventy man- China, they would sell more missiles to Arabs to earn

kind form having the secret of fire. But Prometheus stole foreign exchange.

the secret of fire for the benefit of mankind.

The chemical weapons are very easy to make for any

The American Administration and Congress are still to country which has a pesticide industry. Hundreds of

reconcile themselves to the inexorable fact that the U.S. European scientists are waiting to sell their services.

is no longer the hegemonic power it was and it no longer Given this international situation which is beyond U.S.

controls the scope and extent of technology it did in the capacity to control it would do well to listen to the Indian

fifties. Western Europe and Japan are its competitors advice and join in a cooperative international effort to

and a vast amount of technology is available outside the ban and then eliminate chemical and nuclear weapons. If
JPRS-TND-89-017

14 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 29 August 1989

the U.S. continues to persist in its hegemonistic dreams infrastructure. It is planned that construction work will

then India wsill have to protect its own national security begin in 1992, with both power units scheduled to start

in the best possible way. So long as "'discriminate deter- generating electricity by 1999.

rence" is pursued by U.S, China continues to have

missiles and sell them. India cannot afford to give up its According to Nuclear Power Department plans, the total

missile program. on-line capacity of India's nuclear power stations should

reach 10,000 megawatts by tile end of the century. Today the U.S. has no economic clout vis-a-vis India. If accounting for 10 percent of the country's total power

they think of reducing aid to India they should give capacity.

thought to the possibility that India might be compelled

to sell technology including various kinds of weapon

technology. India has been exercising extraordinary Future Nuclear Reactor Plans Detailed

restraint in regard to transfer of weapon technology. The BK1208163189 Islamabad Domestic Service in LUrdu

U.S. Congress may now refuse to sell India combined 1500 GMT 12 .nig 89

acceleration and climatic vibration test machine. When

India develops those machines in the next few years the [Text] India is constructing another 12 nuclear reactors of

U.S. will have no hold on India selling it to other 235 megawatts capacity each and 6 reactors of 500 megacountries. A noted U.S. strategist. who worked on Pres- watts capacity each, to be complete by the year 2000. The

ident Reagan's White House staff, Geoffirey Kemp, first reactor of this series at Narora reached criticality in

recently warned his countrymen India was not Libya and March this year. Other than this, India has decided to

it would be counterproductive to club them together. construct two more reactors of 1,000 megawatts capacity

Some of the U.S. senators and congressmen with their each with Soviet assistance. This was stated by the secreparochialist fixations may not be aware that even in their tary of the Department of Atomic Energy of India. Mr own country the Indian community has contributed M.R. Srinivasan, in an interview to an Indian weekly. He

significantly to the U.S. scientific achievements. It said overall 32 nuclear reactors will start operating in India

should be made known to them that India has a reservoir by the year 2000, out of which 26 reactors will be designed of scientific and technical talent. The Indian missile and built with indigenous technology.

program should be pressed ahead with full vigor without

undue worry about U.S. pressure.

IRAN

Minister Details Nuclear Cooperation With USSR

t'11170808,1389 1loscow PR.I I 'D. 1 (Second Edition) iii IAEA Secretary General Interviewed

Russian 14. lu, 89 p 5 NC1208085489 Tehran Television Service in Persian

1415 (GMT 11 ,TIug 89

[Own correspondent 0. Kitsenko dispatch: "Developing

the Nuclear Power Industry"] [Interview with Hans Blix, secretary general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, by an unidentified [Text] Delhi. 13 Aug-India is now one of the countries correspondent of the Science Group of the Voice and

devoting much attention to the development of the Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran during Blix's

nuclear power industry. The Narora Atomic Power Sta- recent trip to Iran: recorded in English with superim- tion in Ultar Pradesh State recently became the coun- posed Persian translation]

try's fourth operational nuclear power station when its

first power unit, with a capacity of 235 megawatts, was [Excerpts] [Interviewer] [Passage omitted] Our guest is Mr

commissioned. Hans Blix who is the secretary general of the International

Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA]. It is a unique opportunity This. and the immediate development prospects of the for us to interview him during a friendly meeting.

country's nuclear power industry, was covered in a reply

to a parliamentary question presented by Minister of Mr Hans Blix, thank you very much for participating in

Science and Technology K.R. Narayanan. In addition to this scientific program. I would like to ask some friendly

the four operational stations. India is now building three questions about your trip to our country, about your

more nuclear power stations. The government has mission, and about your proposals for Iran's future in the

decided to create a few more nuclear power stations with field of energy. I welcome you to Iran, and ask my first

four 235-megawatt power units and six 500-megawatt question on your mission.

power units. [Blix] The IAEA is an intergovernmental organization

The minister dwell in detail on Soviet-Indian coopera- with 150 member countries, like the United Nations or

tion in this sphere. Under an agreement signed in FAO. The Iranian Government invited me to discuss

November 1988. two nuclear power units of 1,000 with your officials the assistances and services that this

megawatts each will be built in India with assistance agency can extend to your country in the field of atomic

from the Soviet Union. Studies are currently Under way energy and its peaceful use, in industry, agriculture, and

on their location and the creation of the necessary medicine, and in setting up nuclear power plants.
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 15

[Interviewer] When referring to developing countries, we much information on these installations and tests. Your

are speaking primarily about the peaceful use of atomic activities are of a high standard. [Passage omitted]

energy. Talking about Iran especially, what is in mind is

the use of nuclear energy for producing electricity. When a For more rapid results, the government, too, should

country has immense oil resources, do you think it is to its undertake certain things. We have seen many examples.

benefit to use nuclear power in terms of producing energy? Some governments which wanted to set up installations

for the use of nuclear energy faced problems during the

initial years, and these led to high costs. Therefore, if a [Blix] Yes. I think so. At some point, at any rate, oil and its government decides to take a step in the nuclear field, it

resources will be finished. This applies to gas as well. Of should be prepared to undertake some commitments.

course. we hope that will be a long time from now. These commitments concern management, prevention,

Moreover, we know that we can use both oil and gas for and control, and of course these should be coordinated

purposes other than consumption. For example, they can through extensive industrial plannings.

be used in the petrochemical industries where the molecules of oil are extremely valuable. It is a shame that when [Interviewer] You referred to problems such as the war

uranium can be used to produce electricity to use these which delayed the nuclear activities in Iran. Can a

valuable molecules instead, because uranium, contrary to country like Iran, in view of the problems that it is

oil, can be used only for the production of energy. facing, be able to provide its electricity through nuclear

power?

Of course, today the world relies mainly on fossil fuel [Blix] I should say that we do not tell member countries

such as gas, oil, and coal: and this situation will continue what they should do. The governments themselves

for years to come. For a country like Iran, it is natural for decide. If you ask me if we have experts, researchers, and

these resources to be used. However, I think that the other means to help, I can say yes and of a high standard,

creation of possibilities for using nuclear energy in Iran too. If you ask me if it is economically wise for this step

is logical. to be taken, I think that your government should answer

and not I. The construction of a nuclear power plant is

[Interviewer] What is your opinion of Iran's current posi- very expensive, and much more expensive than the

tion in the use of nuclear energy? In other words, do you construction of a power plant that operates on coal, gas,

consider the situation in Iran favorable for moving toward or oil. On the other hand, a nuclear power plant is less

the creation of possibilities to produce nuclear energy? expensive in the long run because its fuel-uranium-is

economical and much cheaper than gas, coal, and oil.

[Blix] Your nuclear power programs were relatively ambi- [passage omitted]

tious. In addition to the Bushehr Power Plant, there were A point that I should emphasize is that the main reason

installations in other parts of your country. Moreover, I support nuclear fuel is for environmental purposes. In

forecasts were made on the industrial use of nuclear power. my country, Sweden. we have seen the destruction of

Then the revolution came and then the war. Now you have thousands of lakes because of acid rain resulting from

the Bushehr Nuclear Plant installations on which you have excessive coal and oil burned in European countries and

spent a great deal. These installations are ready construe- in Sweden. Nuclear fuel does not produce any sulphate

tionwise, that is as far as concrete and construction frame- dioxide or nitrogen oxide and all its waste can be

work. However. they are not completed as far as installa- controlled. This is why I prefer nuclear fuel to all other

tions and equipment are concerned. Much force has been fuels. [Passage omitted]

used to build them and it is a pity that you have not

continued them and completed them. Of course, the dam- [Interviewer] You recall the news some years ago on the

ages inflicted during the war, the taxes, economic expen- Chernobyl incident and on its safety and its wastes.

ditures, and the time required for their completion by the What is your opinion on this?

government should be calculated and the necessary decisions made so that this building can become the Bushehr [Blix] I think that the waste issue is not a big problem.

Nuclear Power Plant. We have very advanced technology on dumping nuclear

waste outside the biosphere even for the next thousand

years. As for the safety issue, I should say that any type [Interviewer] In view of the visit you paid to the Iranian of power-producing resource has its own risks. If you use

Atomic Energy Organization [IAEO], how do you assess water to produce electricity, there is the risk of the dam

the Iranian experts as far as the recommencement of the bursting and we have seen such incidents where thounuclear installations for energy production are con- sands of people died. Recently there was a gas leak in a

cerned, and do you think that they have the necessary power plant in the Soviet Union which led to an exploscientific and expertise capabilities? sion on two trains where 600 people were killed. About a

year ago, an oil platform sunk, killing 150 experts,

[Blix] Our impression is that the scientific level in Iran is engineers, and researchers. Of course, Chernobyl was the

high. You have been working in this field for a long time. most severe incident in the nuclear field and 31 people

You have capable scientists, experts, and technicians. I were killed. I do not want to say that nuclear power is

inspected your laboratories in Tehran today. I gained without risks, but I say that if you want electricity, you
JPRS-TND-89-017

16 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 29 August 1989

should look for ways to ensure the fuel resources for it. stations. Now, if you wish, you can either go for the

And any resource you choose to ensure electricity will nuclear bombs or for nuclear power. It is a question of

have its own risks. In my view, nuclear power has fewer your will.

risks compared to other resources for the production of

energy. If a comparison takes place between all the [Interviewer] Therefore, there is a difference in the

deaths and damages of all the incidents that have taken technology of each one of these.

place, then this point will be further clarified. [Blix] Yes, their technologies are completely different.

[Interviewer] What percentage of today's power plants However, the nuclear science in both is the same.

are using nuclear energy? [Interviewer] Therefore, the mere fact of having a

[Blix] Today 17 percent of the world's electricity is nuclear power plant does not necessarily mean having a

produced by nuclear energy, about 20 percent by water nuclear bomb.

resources, and the remainder by coal, gas, and oil. [Blix] No, on the contrary, the organization that I

represent has the duty to monitor the peaceful use of [Interviewer] Still, in view of these figures and facts, do nuclear power in its member countries and it tries to

you believe that the risks of nuclear energy are fewer? prevent any military use of nuclear power. We send our

[Blix] Yes, I certainly think that the risks in using nuclear inspectors to all the countries that have promised to use

energy are within a logical limit. This, of course, does not nuclear energy only for peaceful purposes in order to

mean that we can have peace of mind. We should pay confirm that they are doing so.

more attention to the issue of safety more and more each [Interviewer] And are you sure that the information that

day. This is something that has always applied whenever governments give you on their activities are true?

a new technology has been introduced, and I should say

that the issue of safety in nuclear energy has made [Blix] We are confident that all the countries that have

spectacular progress. [passage omitted] promised not to use nuclear energy for military purposes

have remained faithful to their promise and that their

[Interviewer] But I am still not convinced about nuclear installations have been set up only for the purposes of

waste. The reports appearing in the press and on the radios electricity and industry. Of course some countries have

all speak of the disputes that have started on the issue of refused to accept our representatives and inspectors. But

nuclear waste. Do you think that we can have a technology I cannot name those countries here.

that can protect ourselves from nuclear waste?

[Interviewer] Do your inspectors go to military areas and

[Blix] Yes certainly. I would even say that the solutions to weapons' factories?

to and technologies on nuclear safety have progressed

very much and more results have been achieved on this [Blix] No. They do not go to weapons' factories in five

in comparison with fossil fuel. I will tell you how it is countries that manufacture weapons in the world-that

done. Last year the total number of nuclear power is, the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union.

generators throughout the world produced about 7,000 and China. Of course they have access to their peaceful

tonnes of nuclear waste. This waste is to a great extent installations, but not to their military centers.

radioactive and great precision should be taken to control this. This waste is put in water tanks for many years [Interviewer] Then what is the purpose of your organiin order to reduce its radiation and radioactivity. zation?

Another solution is to place nuclear waste in copper [Blix] The first purpose is our insistence that member

capsules and bury them deep inside the earth in areas countries make peaceful use of nuclear energy. Some

that have been geologically stable for thousands of years examples are in the field of nuclear medicine, the use of

and which will remain stable forever. Another solution is nuclear energy in agriculture such as the improvement of

to find a way to reduce nuclear waste. At any rate, seeds, the use of nuclear energy in industries such as the

whichever solution is picked will be the techniques and polymer industries and, finally, in the field of electricity

methods used today and which do not cause concern production. Also, we help interested countries to make

among those who use this kind of energy resource. use of nuclear energy facilities and to help their indus-

[Interviewer] Mr Blix, when people speak of nuclear tries to flourish. Meanwhile, we place safety standards at

power, they confuse its meaning with the atomic bomb. their disposal. Moreover, through continuous inspecCan you please clarify the relationship that nuclear tions, we prevent the idea of setting up nuclear installapower has with the atomic bomb? tions for military purposes.

[Blix] Yes, certainly. Of course [Interviewer] My last question is a personal question. the basis of nuclear Are you a nuclear scientist?

science is the same for nuclear power and the nuclear

bomb. But a noteworthy point is that all the governments [Blix] No, I am a lawyer.

that have a nuclear bomb intially manufactured the

nuclear bombs and then sought to set up nuclear power [Interviewer] Then why are you in this business'?
J PRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 17

[Blix] It is a peculiar story. As a student, immediately conclusion of the corporation's general conference sesafter World War 11, 1 wanted to work to help build a sions held at the Arab League in Tunisia today.

better world. Therefore, I started studying international

law because I think that the world needs more law and The conference asserted the importance of backing

less violence. Therefore, I studied for years and partici- ACAE to complete its scientific projects to help the Arab

pated in disarmament activities. And as I said before, countries in the use of atomic energy for peaceful pursince nuclear energy does not pollute the environment poses.

and create acid rain, I started my activities in this field in At the conclusion of its sessions the ACAE general

my country, Sweden. [Passage omitted] conference approved the five-year plan for the projects

[Interviewer] What are the limits of your organization's and the annual plan for 1990. It also approved the

activities? Can you prevent illegal activities? project for coordination amongst Arab countries in the

international conference for atomic energy due to be

[Blix] No. We have neither a police force, nor an army. held in Vienna next al-Fatih [September] month.

But we have inspectors who travel throughout the world

and report on violations to the world through the mass

media. You, who work in the mass media, know the PAKISTAN

power of telecommunications. This is something we can

do and something that causes reactions. Official Notes PRC Concern Over Indian Missile

[Interviewer] Again, my final question, and of course this BKI008100189 Karachi DA W7

N in English

is the second time I am asking the final question. At any 26 Jdl 89 p 3

rate, what is your forecast on developing countries, and

especially Iran, and the future that they have in nuclear [Text] Islamabad, July 25-The Senate Chairman, Mr

energy? Will Iran basically have a future in nuclear Wasim Sajjad, has presented to President Ghulam lshaq

energy? Khan the report of his recent visit to China which notes

an increased concern of the Chinese authorities over the

[Blix] Yes, I think so. The only question is when you start launching of Indian Agni missile, it was reliably learnt

and when you want to start. I think that you need more here on Tuesday [25 July].

programs in the field of nuclear energy. When the

information coming from industrial countries on nuclear In his detailed report, Chairman Wasim Sajjad has

energy is little, definitely the information that the devel- covered the discussions that his high-powered 10

oping countries will have on nuclear energy will also be member delegation had with Chinese leaders who reportlittle. We are acquainted with water energy, oil energy, edly informed their guests also about the recently held

and wind energy and are used to these. But people do not Sino-Soviet summit and the talks the Chinese leaders

know anything about radiation, even though there is sun had with Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

radiation and you see it every day, especially here in The Senate Chairman is believed to have been told by

Tehran, where its radiation is strong. Nevertheless, the Chinese authorities that China felt equally concerned

people do not know about it. They know about X-ray over the launching of Indian Agni missile and had

which is radiated at their body only in name. The same recorded their concern in the meeting with the Indian

applies to nuclear energy which is a mystery to many. We Premier.

should remove the negative thoughts that exist on this.

We should be careful of X-rays and even sun radiation. The delegation was stated to have been apprised by the

However, ill thoughts are something else. We should Chinese authorities about latter's relations with the

become acquainted with all these energies and harness Soviet Union and India. They said China would surely

them. Developing countries should only use nuclear like to improve its relations with Moscow and New

energy for their needs and not for nonpeaceful purposes. Delhi, but at the same time wanted them to end their

[Interviewer] I thank you very much for having given us interference in Kampuchea and Tibet respectively.

some of your time and for having participated in our According to sources the report of the Senate Chairman

program. also contains certain suggestions formulated in the light

of the discussion that the delegation had held with

Chinese leaders especially on regional issues. LIBYA

The report presented to the President reportedly suggests

that China had received unparalled support and cooperLibyan Chosen as Arab Atomic Energy Head ation from Pakistan when faced with a mini-insurgency

LD0808172189 Tripoli JAN.I in English about two months ago. Chinese authorities are believed

1631 G21T1 Aug 89 to have highly appreciated the visit of Senate delegation

to Beijing at a time when it was confronted with its

[Text] Tunis, Hannibal [August] 8, Jamahiriyah News internal crisis and was wrongly accused by the West of

Agency-Great Jamahiriyah was chosen president of the committing recesses on its yosuth, especially the student

Arab Corporation of Atomic Energy [ACAE] at the community.
JPRS-TND-89-017

18 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 29 August 1989

The Chinese leaders are said to have told the delegation Mr Malik was detained on August 6 allegedly over "Dr

that the number of killings during the disturbances was Abdul Khadir Khan and the Islamic Bomb," his book on highly inflated in reports that appeared in Western Press. the founding father and director of the Nuclear Research

Centre at Kahuta, east of Islamabad. He was arrested by Chinese leaders are said to have offered the Pakistan the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) for allegedly

delegation to expand military and economic cooperation including material "prejudicial to the national interest"

between the two countries. Offer has reportedly been in the book, which was published in June. But, he told a

made to further enhance Chinese participation in the news conference here, "99 per cent of the questions"

bigger industrial projects of Pakistan and expansion of asked him during his "interrogation" had to do with his

those industries which were established with the active newspaper and its "funding" rather than the book.

financial and technical support of China.

Mr Malik, 52, who was released on bail Monday,

defended the "independent policy" of the PAKISTAN

Nuclear Pact With India Ratified OBSERVER, the country's only evening paper. "We are

BKJ008115189 Islamabad Domestic Service in English an opposition paper, we support the government on

1100 GMT 10 Aug 89 basic issues," he said. He "no special relationship" with

the opposition Islamic Democratic Alliance (IJl), [Excerpt] The Federal Cabinet at its meeting in although two influential members of the IJI, former

Peshawar today discussed law and order, internal situa- Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo, and chairman

tion in the country, relations between the federal govern- of opposition in Parliament, Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi.

ment and the provinces, and took a number of decisions. were among "many" people who called him upon his

The meeting was presided over by the prime minister, release.

Ms Benazir Bhutto. Briefing the newsmen, the minister

of state for information and broadcasting, Mr Javed Mr Malik said he had received no charges against him in

Jabbar, said that the Federal Cabinet ratified the agree- writing, nor a "written complaint from the Pakistani

ment of nonattack on each other's nuclear installations Government" on his book. He did not rule out suing the

between Pakistan and India. The agreement was signed authorities for his "illegal detention."

on secretarial level on the 31st December last year. It Mr Malik said his book was based on published articles

also ratified the agreement on scientific and technical and on Pakistani and foreign books as well as "personal

cooperation between Pakistan and the Republic of opinions" on the nuclear program, adding that it had

Brazil. [passage omitted] "nothing to do with the secrets of Pakistan." The book

contained nothing new on the nuclear policy of Prime

'Islamic Bomb' Author Denounces Arrest to Press Minister Benazir Bhutto government, he said.

BK2308012489 Hong Kong AFP in English He recalled that Ms Bhutto's predecessor, General

2200 GMT 22 Aug 89 Muhammed Ziaul Haq, "tried to stop the publication"

[Text] Islamabad, Aug 22 (AFP)-Zahid Malik, owner of his book.

and editor-in-chief of the PAKISTAN OBSERVER, Ms Bhutto has stated on numerous occasions that her

accused the authorities Tuesday of illegally detaining government does not possess any nuclear missiles and

him for two weeks for his journalistic activities, has no intention of manufacturing them.
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 SOVIET UNION 19

PRC Scientists Visit Dubna Nuclear Institute "If one is to speak about the prospects of the industry, it

011'1908233789 Moscow International Service in will still have its defence production program, but civil

Mandarin 1400 GAIT 9 Aug 89 products will account for an ever growing share of its

total output. The industry designs nuclear steam gener-

[Text] The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is located ating units. To make these units secure, a greater volume

in Dubna, which is some 130 km north of Moscow by the of design work and stand tests will be made. Enterprises

Volga River. The II socialist member states of the which manufacture equipment for nuclear power staCouncil for Mutual Economic Assistance are members tions will also be in our industry. We shall also supervise

of the institute. The PRC was also a member of the the exploitation of nuclear power stations".

institute from 1956-when the institute was foundedto 1965. Chinese scientists stopped participating in the

work at Dubna as of 1965. A few days ago, some A unified complex of designing, construction and safe

scientists from China's Research Institute of Atomic exploitation of nuclear power stations is thus being

Energy Sciences came to Dubna. They included Prof created.

Wang Ganchang, who worked as deputy director of the

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research from 1956 to 1960; The industry will put out consumer goods and construcProf (Ding Datao), who has also served in Dubna for tion materials, products made of rare metals and rareseveral years; and (Wang Guogang), a young expert who earth elements, and computers in increasing quantities,

is on his first trip to Dubna. Konovalov said.

Prof Wang Ganchang and his Chinese colleagues were

received at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on 8

August. Academician (Kishi), director of the Joint Insti- Public Union on Nuclear Safety Issues Set Up

tute for Nuclear Research and Hungarian scientist, PMIlO8153389 M)oscow MOSKOVSKAYA PRAVDA in

briefed the Chinese scientists on the institute's activities Russian 27 Jul 89 p 1

and its scientific and technological achievements.

During their talks, it was noted that Chinese experts [MOSKOVSKAYA PRAVDA-TASS report: "Constitumade important contributions to theoretical research ent Conference of One of the First Organizations of the

and experiments during their stay in Dubna from 1956 'Chernobyl' All-Union Voluntary Self-Managed Public

to 1965. Union Held"]

In his interview by this station's reporter, Prof Wang

Ganchang said that he was glad to revisit the Joint [Text] G. Kuznetsov, deputy chief of the USSR

Institute for Nuclear Research, where he carried out Academy of Sciences Vernadskiy Institute of Geochemsome of his scientific activities after so many years had istry and Analytical Chemistry permanent radiopassed. He was also delighted to meet his old colleagues, istry expedition Chemiste p ermat of

with whom Chinese scientists worked to produce certain geochemistry expedition to eliminate the aftermath of results during the early years after the founding of the the Chernobyl accident, has become chairman of the

institute, union's primary organization, which comprises staffers of several USSR Academy of Sciences scientific research

The Chinese physicists will also visit the institute's institutes. The primary organization's work plans consist

nuclear reaction laboratory and the neutron physics of public monitoring of radiation in Moscow's environlaboratory, where two fast neutron pulsed reactors are ment, the setting up of a database on all cases of nuclear

located. The Chinese guests will also visit the high energy accidents in our country and abroad, the compilation of

laboratory, which is famous for its synchrocyclotron, a list of people who have suffered thereby, and the

which has been used by Prof Wang Ganchang, Prof provision of legal and social assistance to them. Plus

(Ding Datao), and many other Chinese experts to carry helping make the population more aware of radiation in

out scientific research. The Chinese physicists also plan the environment and liaising with foreign public organito visit Serpukhov High Energy Physics Institute in zations and movements in the struggle for a safe world.

suburban Moscow, which has the largest proton accelerator in the Soviet Union.

Nuclear Safety Committee on July Stoppages

Atomic Energy Ministry To Change Focus LD1308001289 Moscow World Service in English

LD2607174989 Moscow TASS in English 2100 GMT 12 Aug 89

0943 GMT 26 Jul 89

[Text] Moscow July 26-The Soviet Ministry of Medium- [Text] The recently created Committee for Control of

Machine Building, whose activities were once top secret, Safety in Industry and Nuclear Power Engineering says

and which is now called the Ministry of Atomic Energy July was a quite month for the Soviet nuclear power

and Industry, will largely change its focus, according to plants. Only four sudden stoppages and five unforeseen

Minister Vitaliy Konovalov interviewed by the PRAVI- energy slumps were registered across the country last

TELSTVENNY VESTNIK newspaper, month. No safety regulations were violated and there
JPRS-TND-89-017

20 SOVIET UNION 29 August 1989

were no radioactive leaks. Information about the perfor- Situation Around Chernobyl 'Markedly Improved'

mance of nuclear power plants is supplied to the corn- LD0408130289 Moscow TASS in English

mittee by its own inspectors at each plant. 1245 GMT 4 Aug 89

Suspension of Nuclear Reactor Construction Urged [Text] Kiev, August 4-"The situation in the area around

the Chernobyl nuclear power station has markedly LDO808120689Moscow TASSin English improved since the accident," Vladimir Bebeshko, 1104 GMT 8 Aug 89 director of the Soviet Clinical Radiology Institute, told

TASS.

[Text] Kiev, August 8-By TASS correspondent Aleksey "This happened due to the decay of short-life radionuclides and also an unexpected drop in the amount of

Academician Boris Paton, people's deputy of the USSR Caesium- 137 being passed down the food chain from soil

and president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, has into vegetation and then-into milk and meat."

called for suspending the construction of nuclear power

stations in the Ukraine until a new generation of nuclear Because of the significant improvements in radiation readreactors with an increased degree of safety are developed. ings and also as a result of the implementation of restrictive measures, radiation doses for the overwhelming

He emphasised that water-moderated and water-cooled majority of the population appeared to be significantly

power reactors as well as those of RMBK and VTTR lower than established limits, the scientist said.

type are morally and technically obsolescent. These doses are three times lower in the rigid control

In his view, it is possible to increase the capacity of zone and 10 times lower in the sanitary monitoring zone.

nuclear power stations only by using plants which meet Only in some populated localities did some residents

new rigid safety requirements. show a slight overdose. In carrying through measures to

enhance the safety of the population in the areas affected

Radiation dangers associated with the development of by the accident, the Soviet Government has recently

nuclear power engineering became particularly obvious decided to resettle residents of those settlements.

following the Chernobyl accident three years ago. Bebeshko emphasised that although almost 40 months

The consequent contamination of farm produce with have passed since the Chernobyl tragedy, its impact on

radionuclides may result in the supply of radioactive the destinies of thousands of people continues to be felt.

food to the population of not only the Ukraine but also The state does not slacken efforts to deal with the

other regions of the country, the academician warns, consequences of the accident and the best minds are

involved in this work.

Paton's opinion is that about 90 per cent of the republic's

territory is unfavourable for the siting and safe operation The conclusions by experts of the World Health Organof nuclear power stations from geological and hydrogeo- isation, who visited the USSR at the invitation of the

logical points of view. Soviet Government, bear out that these measures have

been effective. They praised Soviet scientists' actions to

Besides, according to scientific data, the saturation of the overcome the consequences of the Chernobyl accident.

Ukraine with nuclear power stations would inevitably

lead to an increase in radiation background levels and

deterioration of people's health. Chernobyl Radiation Affects Plants, Wildlife

Paton believes that the alternative to further construe- LD1408082889 Moscow TVSS in English 0755 GMT 14 Au- 89

tion of nuclear power stations on the republic's territory

is the large scale introduction of power-saving technologies and the use of such sources of power as the sun, wind [Text] Minsk August 14-By TASS Correspondent

and thermal waters. Aleksandr Kryzhanovskiy:

It is necessary to thoroughly analyse power consump- Authorities in Belorussia have decided to set up a special

tion, which will reveal reserves equal to the capacity of sanctuary on the territory of three regions, stricken by

several nuclear power stations, the scientist said. the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, from where the population was evacuated.

"Unfortunately, the departmental approach has not yet

disappeared in this important field either," Paton said. Specialists want to know how radiation affects wildlife

"The Ministry of the Nuclear Power Engineering and and plants, and what its present and future consequences

Industry is a bastion that is hard to penetrate. But this are. High levels of radiation in the first period seriously

should be done to prevent a recurrence of Chernobyl- damaged pines and spruces within 6 to 7 kilometers of

type disasters. Science, and not departmental interest, the nuclear station. Nearly 1,000 hectares of forest are

should have the final say." expected to die in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster.
J PRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 SOVIET UNION 21

With radiation levels in the affected forests reaching Hedgehogs, shrews, as well as bank voles which are

300-450 rads (man develops acute radiation sickness at rather common in the republic, were found to have high

levels of 300 rads and more) and needles of a pine-tree concentrations. Although rodents developed genetic

retain the same shape but increase their mass ten times. abnormalities, no marked changes occurred in their

On the border between the dead, or the so-called "red", condition and behaviour.

forest, there are giant conifers, whose growth was

affected by the tragedy. Oak leaves are half of the size of High concentrations of radionuclides were found in

burdock and there are acacia trees with blades as large as teals, mallards and coots, the main objects of hunting.

a child's palm. Wild ducks are comparatively "clean", as they moved

High concentrations of radioactivity were found on the from the zone to fish breeding farms where they feed on

bottom of water reservoirs. Belorussian specialists in combined fodder.

hydrobiology and ichthyology studied invertebrates and

fish and discovered a high concentration of radioactivity Among the mammals, wild boars, foxes and rabbits have

in fish of prey, like pike and perch. Water bugs and the highest level of radioactivity, while elk, deer, roe deer

leeches were found to have the same high dose. In bream and wolf are least affected. Specialists have not so far

and roach, the liver is most contaminated, with the skin, noted abnormal behaviour which could be traced to

skeleton and muscles affected to a smaller extent, radioactivity.
JPRS-TND-89-017

22 WEST EUROPE 29 August 1989

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY their stories on the WALL STREET JOURNAL. The

fact that this explosive revalation caused no greater echo

here perhaps has something to do with Milhollin. He is,

Missile Technology Transfers to India Examined in fact, the author of the study about the origins of

51003024 Hamburg DIE ZElT in German Indian missile know-how and is thus the real source of

4 Aug 89p 18 the WALL STREET JOURNAL report. Government

officials in the FRG do not like to hear Milhollin's name.

[Article by Wolfgang Hoffmann: "The Agni Affair"] This is because the research and analyses of the U.S.

professor once before embarrassed the federal govern- ment in Bonn.

[Text] While German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich

Genscher has for years been exhausting himself in working Milhollin, director of the University of Wisconsin

for peace, more and more of his countrymen have been School of Law, is head of a project for nuclear weapons

coming under suspicion of dubious transactions-namely control located in Washington. In this capacity, he has

weapons deals. The most recent accusation, which again documented the participation of German companies in

originates in the United States, is that the nuclear-capable the efforts of several Third World countries to acqurie

medium-range missiles that India has recently acquired nuclear weapons technology. Bonn thus came indirectly

are-at least in part-of German origin, under suspicion of having-to put it mildly-not taken

the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty very seriously. Previously, only companies and their managers had been Shortly before Milhollin was to testify before the nuclear

accused of making profits by selling nuclear knowledge investigation committee in Bonn last year, various negor deadly military poisons. Now, for the first time, ative rumors about him were circulated. The purpose of

scientists have also come under suspicion. In early July these rumors, which originated in the German Embassy

the American business newspaper WALL STREET in Washington, became apparent only when Milhollin

JOURNAL reported about the first test of an Indian testified before the committee. It was to undermine the

medium-range missile. The paper traced the origin of the credibility of the witness. The attempt was, however,

missile technology to both the United States and the unsuccessful, not the least because the nuclear investigaFederal Republic of Germany and named the parents, tion committee not only found a good deal of evidence in

NASA and DLR, the German Insititution for Aerospace the files of government departments that confirmed

Research and Testing, which, until the foundation of Milhollin's report, but also discovered additional mateDARA, the German Space Agency, was the German rial, of which Milhollin had not known.

counterpart of NASA.

nof medium- and long-range ballistic The methodology of Milhollin's latest study on possible Indian acquisition oxemediat long-range ballist DLR participation in an Indian program to develop

missiles has been expected at least since India's first strategic missiles is solid. The plausible sounding consuccessful test of an atomic bomb in 1974. Its success has clusions lead to the accusation that DLR scientists have

been an established fact since 21 May 1989. The German since the 1970s been instructing their partners in the Press Agency (DPA) reported on 22 May that, at 0717 Indian Space Research Orgainization (ISRO) in three

hours local time, a missile with the code name "Agni" essential technologies: missile guidance, missile testing,

(the Sanskrit word for fire), was launched from the and the technology required for the production of comChandipuros Ses missile-testing area, 1,300 kilometers positee te rals, whired for missile ose souteas ndin of caita, he Ne Dehi.The ang of posite-fiber materials, which are needed for missile nose southeast of the Indian capital, New Delhi. The range of cones and nozzles.

the 2-stage missile is 2,500 kilometers, far enough to

reach central targets in the neighboring countries of Milhollin also provided proof for his individual charges.

China and Pakistan. For example, DLR provided India with a so-called

The test must have been successful. DPA was later able interferometer, which is indispensible for gudiing misto report that "about 400 scientists at the test site [had] siles. In addition, there were transfers of the far more

had broken out in loud cries of joy. It is possible that complex know-how which is required for missile guidGerman scientists in Oberpfaffenhofen, the most impor- ance which is independent of ground signals. Beyond

tant center of the DLR, were also secretly happy about this, a model of an Indian missile section was allegedly

the Sanskrit fire in the sky. tested by DLR in the mid-I 970's. Precisely this section is

supposed to be identical with the first stage of the Agni

Gary Milhollin, an American professor and scientist, is, military missile, which was tested in May.

at any rate, convinced that India's military missile

program was inconceivable without German DLR assis- DLR does not dispute Milhollin's facts. It does, however,

tance. According to Milhollin, "more than any other disagree with their interpretation as grounds for an

developed country, the FRG will be responsible" for the accusation. DLR spokesman Rolf-Michael Schmidt

fact that "the strategic balance in Asia [will] change." insists: "We were never involved in work on guidance or

control of Indian missiles." According to Schmidt, the

In the FRG, only the Berlin newspaper TAZ and the interferometer which Milhollin refered to, can only be

French news agency AFP reported extensively about the used for high-altitude research rockets, and, in the same

possible complicity of German scientists. Both based way, as far as the other charges are concerned, the
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 WEST EUROPE 23

technology supplied by DLR is only useful in giving or even reconsider its cooperation with India. The DLR

individual scientists on the ground direct access to an statement on this matter maintains: "The DLR is coopexperiment in space. The various guidance systems are erating with the civilian Indian space agency ISRO in the

of very different types. The conclusion of the DLR: "It is area of space flight on the basis of a government agreeinconceivable that the Agni guidance system could have ment. The continuation of cooperation with India in the

been derived from cooperation with the DLR/ISRO. field of civilian space flight remains justified in the

There are no DLR contacts to Indian organizations opinion of the DLR." In addition, the text, which was

which could have or, in fact, did directly or indirectly given to DIE ZEIT, states: "International space flight

give out information of this nature." cooperation is an especially important part of future

programs in the fields of communications, environThis defense does not sound very plausible. Is it possible mental protection and the monitoring of the earth."

that German scientists were so naive that during more

than a decade of close cooperation with their Indian However, an additional admission that peaceful coopercolleagues they never noticed what was behind the ation does not prevent misuse for military purposes

civilian program? The fact that the cooperation was and would have been candid. The fact that this is not an

still is very close and by no means casual is demonstrated eccentric consideration is proven by the agreement of the

by the minutes of a DLR/ISRO conference in Bangalore nations of the world economic summits-the U.S., Great

in January 1982. In his opening speech, Indian professor Britain, France, Italy, Canada, the FRG and JapanD. Dhawan described the highpoints of the Indian space which established the so-called Missile Technology Conprogram and emphasized "the important role which trol Regime in 1987. This agreement provides guidelines

cooperation with ISRO and DLR had played in it." for exports of missile technologies. These guidelines, which do not have the force of international law, are a

Statements of this kind about successful cooperation are, kind of supplement to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation

however, still not proof of the validity of the charges. Treaty. They are supposed to prevent potential atomic

They are at best indications of the quality of the coop- bomb nations, such as India, Pakistan, Brazil or Argeneration. More telling is a fact which Milhollin uses to tina, from obtaining nuclear weapons delivery vehicles.

refute the DLR defense: "The early ballistic missiles in In this context, the question of whether or not the

the superpowers' arsenals used interferometers for guid- "contintuation of cooperation with India," praised by

ance." In addition, Milhollin says that "there is no the DLR, is really still justified appears legitimate.

difference between a high-altitude research rocket and a

ballistic missile. A missile is a missile." The mention of another fact is necessary to maintain the

candor of the, discussion: the U.S., the initiator of the

For those who are not convinced by this argument, Mil- missile regime, itself shares responsibility for Indian

hollin refers to details in the minutes of the German- acquisition of important missile technology. When the

Indian space-flight conference. The text clearly shows that first U.S. charges against the DLR were made, Dieter

the cooperation also includes the development of an "inde- Wurzel, the DLR's Washington representative, payed

pendent guidance system" with which "the position, the back with the same coin. He told the WALL STREET

speed and the performance" of a rocket payload in space JOURNAL that the U.S. is much more directly involved

can be determined. These, however, are all also functions in the Agni case. It was NASA which trained S. Abdul

which are required for the guidance of ballistic missiles. Kalam, the engineer who now heads the team which runs

India's military program.

The other charges are for the most part confirmed by

DLR, but they are given a different interpretation. For But the Americans ignore this. Without the slightest sign

example, the wind tunnel test of an Indian rocket is of being concerned about U.S. involvement, Senators

admitted, but, according to DLR, it is unaware of Jeff Bingaman, John Glenn and Claiborne Pell have

whether or not this was part of the Agni military missile. requested an official investigation in identical letters to

The DLR also does not deny its help in transferring the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Defense Departcomposite-fiber technology for missile nose cone and ment and NASA. The purpose of this investigation is to

nozzle production. It does however point out: "It should determine whether the DLR technology transfer

not be forgotten in this context, that composite-fiber involved American know-how. The Senators showed no

technologies are basic technologies, which are used to interest in whether and what NASA might have transmanufacture tennis rackets, skis and other sports equip- ferred to India. This, in turn, should strengthen those in

ment, as well as car and airplane parts, light containers, the FRG who view American crticicism of German

and, in addition, also rocket nose cones. technology exports as simply the envy of the unsuccessful rival.

This example makes it very clear that no longer or only

to a limited extent can a distinction be made between the The fact that the U.S., in fact, does not always take

transfer of military and civilian know-how. For the nonproliferation of sensitive technologies as seriously as

DLR, this is evidently also the reason that the institute's it expects its allies to do is proven by Washington's latest

management has a clear consicence and, even after the billion dollar deal. President George Bush wants to sell

launcing of the Agni missile, sees no reason to terminate Pakistan the very F-16 bombers with which it can
JPRS-TND-89-017

24 WVEST EUROPE 29 August 1989

transport over long distances something that German aid But NTG general manager Juergen Ickes told AGENCE

helped them to acquire-the Islamic bomb. FRANCE-PRESSE that the investigation involved only

the company's former technical manager Rudolf Ortmayer and not the company as a whole.

Firm Illegally Reexports Nuclear Technology The magazine also said that in 1987, NTG shipped

A U2108144689 Paris 11P in English U.S.-origin components for a reactor refuelling machine

1434 GMT 21 ..ht- 89 to India under a Canadian license.

[Text] Bonn. Aug 21--A West German firm has The ththerfelnmaiecodbeudasn article quoted Western intelligence sources as usf- saving

obtained high-technology nuclear-related products from that the refuelling machine could be used as an "unsafethe United States and re-exported them illegally to guarded reactor" in India.

Pakistan and India. a specialized trade magazine Canadian authorities prohibited the export of the equipreported here Monday. ment by Canadian firms in 1986.

The magazine, NUCLEARFUEL, said that in 1986

NTG Neue Technologien GmbH re-exported from West Public Prosecutor Investigates Technology

Germany two high-powered lasers manufactured in the Transfer

United States to the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) for use in the production of nuclear fuel. Businessman Allegedly Sold Nuclear Plans

LD2308202489 Hamburg DPA in German NTG "systematically sought, and in some cases 1938 GAT 23 Aug 89

obtained, technology from U.S. companies for nuclearrelated programs in Pakistan and India over the past few [Text] Frankfurt (DPA)-The public prosecutor's office

years," the report said. in Hanau has received a tip from a U.S. journalist about

the sale of secret military plans from the FRG to Paki- The magazine said NTG purchased the lasers for stan, India, and South Africa. Authorities are following

143.942 dollars and sold them to Pakistan for 425,000 up on the tip but cannot yet say whether or not it is

dollars. correct, Public Prosecutor Albert Farwick said on

The alleged transaction appeared to be in violation of Wednesday in Frankfurt.

U.S. Commerce Department restrictions on high- According to the daily newspaper FRANKFURTER

technology exports and would also contravene Coordi- RUNDSCHAU, Rudolf Ortmayer, the former managing

nating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls director of the company Neue Technologien Gmbh

(COCOM) regulations on laser sales. (NTG), is said to have delivered more than 50 plans for

COCOM, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's nuclear and military technology plants to Pakistan,

watchdog agency for high-technology exports from India, and South Africa from Gelnhausen in East Hesse

Western countries, must issue a license for exports of via a company in the United States. Investigations of

lasers with a wavelength above 0.06 micrometers and an Ortmayer have been under way for a long time because

impulse energy of 0.5 joules or more. of suspicions of the illegal export of parts for nuclear

technology plants.

The two lasers in question had wavelengths of 1.06

micrometers and an impulse energy of 25 joules and Further on Investigation

were described by their manufacturer, Coherent Gen- AU2408101189 Frankflurt/Main FRANKFURTER

eral, as the "most powerful lasers of their type." R UNDSCHA U in German 24 Aug 89 p 4

The sales also appeared to have been made without the required administrative authorization for exports of [Report by FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU staffer

sensire sensitive materialafro material dtive from W est sthermzaony Germany's sr Feoral Federal Offi offie Bernd Salzmann: "Hanau State Prosecutor Investigates ce Saeo S crtMl ayPan "

of the Economy. Sale of Secret Military Plans"]

NTG, formerly known as NTG Nukleartechnik GmbH, [Text] Gelnhausen, 23 August-The affair concerning

has been under investigation by West German criminal illegal nuclear exports from the FRG to Pakistan, India,

justice authorities jusic for the athoitesforth pasts year ea following flloin revelations rveltins received and South by Africa FRANKFURTER is expanding. According RUNDSCHAU to information from cirthat the company had exported an array of nuclear- re ilia wt BoNn's Nuclear I t on cinrelated technolgv to India and Pakistan, the report said. cles familiar with Bonn's Nuclear Investigation Corn- "r h mittee, the Hanau Office of the State Prosecutor is

The federal prosecutor in charge of the investigation, currently examining the tip-off, according to which the

Reinhard Huebner, told the magazine that so far there former managing director of the company Neue Techhad not been sufficient grounds to investigate the firm's nologien GmbH (NTG), Rudolf Maximilian Ortmayer,

business in the United States. is said to have illegally delivered more than 50 plans for

plants to the above-mentioned countries via a U.S.

"That no longer seems to be the case," he added. company. These plans are said to provide information
JPRS-TND-89-017

29 August 1989 WEST EUROPE 25

about U.S. know-how in nuclear acceleration, fusion, Bonn's Nuclear Committee expressed concern about the

and laser technology, and some of them are reported to new suspicions. Some people call it the largest illegal

have been military secrets. information transfer in FRG history. If the accusation

proves to be well-founded, it would be an important

Ortmayer is suspected of having carried out this "know- indication of the obvious lack of a working control

how transfer" over many years, independently of the system not only in the FRG, but also in other countries.

NTG company. which is based in Gelnhausen in Hesse.

The Hanau State Prosecutor's Office has been investi- Further indication of insufficient control methods in the

gating NTG in connection with the illegal export of FRG might be provided by a tape-recorded telephone

components for the production of nuclear fuel elements conversation between Ortmayer and an employee in the

to Pakistan, India, and South Africa. A company called Foreign Economy Department of the FRG Economics

"Scientific International," which was founded by Ort- Ministry, which was allegedly conducted in connection

mayer in the United States in 1984, is said to have with the illegal export of goods made of zirkaloy [as

played a key role in this case. published], an alloy for producing fuel elements, to Pakistan. According to information from FRANKFURTER

According to the tip-off, Ortmayer is said to have bribed RUNDSCHAU, the French Government told the FRG

staffers in U.S. institutes, research institutions, and Government that the former managing director of NTG

military laboratories to obtain plans, parts of which were had bought this material in France, and it was allegedly

military secrets. He is said to have even managed to destined to be supplied to India. This information was

procure NASA plans. In other instances Ortmayer alleg- passed on from the FRG Foreign Ministry to the Ecoedly illegally bought FRG technology from employees of nomics Ministry, it was stated. Although Ortmayer did not

certain companies. try to receive a license from FRG authorities to resell this

material, no official body showed any interest in the

The State Prosecutor's Office in Hanau, which is cur- whereabouts of the delicate material. However, Ortmayer

rently investigating Ortmayer for illegally exporting was told on the telephone by that employee in the Ecoparts of nuclear technology plants, confirmed that it has nomics Ministry that there is such information.

information that goes beyond the results yielded by the

investigations up to now. On Wednesday [23 August], State Prosecutor Farwick refused to comment on the

Public Prosecutor Albert Farwick told FRANK- content of the illegally taped telephone conversation.

FURTER RUNDSCHAU that he will examine this "in Without making any further reference to the abovean adequate manner." He said that, for the time being, mentioned telephone conversation, he merely said that

he cannot say whether the accusations regarding the "quite a few telephone conversations were tape recorded."

transfer of plans are correct. These recordings may not be used as evidence in court.