Census of Tribal Justice

Agencies in Indian 

Country, 2002

• Law enforcement

• Courts and administration

• Corrections and intermediate sentences 

• Criminal history records and justice statistics

 

Bureau of Justice Statistics

U.S. Department of Justice

Office of Justice Programs
U.S. Department of Justice

Office of Justice Programs

810 Seventh Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20531

Alberto R. Gonzales

Attorney General

 

Office of Justice Programs

Partnerships for Safer Communities

Regina B. Schofield

Assistant Attorney General

World Wide Web site:

http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov

 

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Lawrence A. Greenfeld

Director

World Wide Web site:

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs

 

For information contact

National Criminal Justice Reference Service

1-800-851-3420
Census of Tribal Justice

Agencies in Indian

Country, 2002

By Steven W. Perry

BJS Statistician

December 2005, NCJ 205332

U.S. Department of Justice

Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics
U.S. Department of Justice

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Lawrence A. Greenfeld, Director

Steven W. Perry, BJS Statistician,

wrote the report under the supervision

of Steven K. Smith. Mark Motivans

provided the statistical review. Also at

BJS, Thomas Cohen, Matthew

Hickman, and Stephanie Ross

commented on drafts of the report.

Tina Dorsey, Tom Hester and

Marianne Zawitz produced and edited

the report. Jayne Robinson prepared

the report for final publication.

Valuable comments were contributed

by Norena Henry, American Indian/

Alaska Native Affairs Desk in the Office

of Justice Programs. Also, Stella

Ogunwole of the Census Bureau, U.S.

Department of Commerce, provided a

special tabulation of Indian country

residents based on Census 2000 data

used in this report.

Highlights v

Introduction 1

Table 1— American Indian and

 Alaska Native (AIAN) population, 

 by place of residence, 2000

Figure 1 — Map of States, 

 by Public Law 83-280 Status

Table 2 — Number of tribes,

 by State, Public law 280 status,

 and court systems

Law Enforcement

Table 3 — Tribal law enforcement

Table 4 — Tribal cross deputization

 and authority recognition on and

 off reservation

Courts 

Figure 2 — Federal, State, and

 tribal court systems

Table 5 — Tribal court systems

Table 6 —Type of separate courts

Table 7 — Tribal justice system 

 full-time staff 

Corrections 

Table 8 — Tribal criminal detentions

Table 9 — Tribal court intermediate

 adult sanctions

Criminal history records 

Table 10 — Tribal law enforcement

 criminal justice data access

Table 11 — Tribal offender, incident

 data, and measuring tribal crime

Table 12 — Tribal justice agencies

 electronically networked

Table 13 — Tribal justice criminal

 statistics electronic sharing

Appendix

• 2002 Census of Tribal Justice

Agencies non-participants

• Questionnaire

 Contents

ii Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies,

2002

• Over 92% (314) of the 341 federally

recognized American Indian tribes in

the lower 48 States participated in the

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies,

2002. (See respondent description

below).

• Public Law 280 establishes criminal

justice responsibilities among American

Indian tribes with tribal land, the States

in which tribes are located, and the

Federal Government. Public Law 280 is

mandatory or optional for 204 tribes,

about two-thirds of the total in the lower

48 States.

• During 2000 an estimated 44%

(1,021,747) of all American Indians 

resided in Indian Country – reservations, trust land, and/or communities.

Law enforcement

• 165 of the 314 responding tribes

employed 1 or more full-time sworn

officers with general arrest powers. 

• Almost all (99%) had cross deputization agreements with another tribal

or public agency.

• 56% (93) of the tribes that employed

1 or more full-time sworn officers with

general arrest powers were also recognized by their State to possess arrest

authority.

Courts and administration

• An estimated 59% (188) of the 314 

tribes had some form of judicial 

system.

• Eighty-four percent of the tribal justice

systems operating in Indian Country

handled misdemeanor cases.

• 175 tribes had a formal tribal court. 

Of these:

– About 174 had a separate,

 general jurisdiction tribal court,

– 91 had an appellate court,

– 80 had a juvenile court,

– 51 had a family court, and

– Over 60% (112) provided victim 

 services.

• Sixty percent of the tribes had written

family codes for:

– establishing paternity,

– issuing a child support order, 

– enforcing a child support order,

– modifying or adjusting a child, and 

 support order.

• Nearly a third (97) of the tribes had a 

child support enforcement program. 

Corrections and intermediate

sentences 

• About 23% (71) of the responding

tribes provided their own detention

function. About two-thirds relied on

local or county agencies to provide a

jail or detention facility.

• 24 of the 314 tribes had their own

residential juvenile facility available for

placing juveniles who committed

offenses on tribal lands. An estimated

68% (119) of tribes placed juveniles in

neighboring county or nontribal agency

residential facilities.

• About 44% of all tribes (314) imposed

some type of intermediate sanction for

offenses.

• At least three-fourths of the 175 tribes

that operated tribal courts could order:

– monetary fines without, 

 incarceration (84%), 

– alcohol rehabilitation (79%), 

– counseling/therapy (79%), 

– community service (78%), 

– drug rehabilitation (74%), and

– restitution without 

 incarceration (74%).

• Over two-thirds of the tribes with a

tribal judicial system imposed probation

for adults (130) or juveniles (124). 

Criminal history records 

and justice statistics

• 75% of the tribes recorded crime

incidents on the reservation manually

and/or electronically.

• Over half of the tribes had access to

the National Criminal Information

Center (NCIC).

• An estimated 54 tribes submitted

information on tribal sex offenders to

the National Sex Offender Registry

(NSOR).

• Less than 12% of the tribes reported

their justice agencies were electronically networked with other justice

agencies on or off the reservation.

• 14 tribes routinely shared crime 

statistics with neighboring local 

governments, the State, or the FBI.

Highlights

 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 iii

Census respondents

American Indians in the United

States belong to approximately 562

federally recognized tribes — as well

as bands and clans — that have a

distinct history, culture, and often a

separate language (Federal

Register, Vol. 68, No. 234, December 5, 2003). Three hundred fortyone federally recognized American

Indian tribes are located in the lower

48 States. 

This report summarizes results of 

the 2002 Census of Tribal Justice

Agencies. Participation by Alaska

Native tribes or villages was not

extensive enough to enable their

inclusion. Thus, this report provides

data for Indian tribes located in the

lower 48 States of the continental

United States.

Overview

Purpose

This report describes the characteristics

of tribal — 

• law enforcement

• courts and administration

• corrections and intermediate

sanctions

• criminal history records

• justice statistics. 

The report addresses basic questions

about the criminal justice system in

Indian country: 

Which tribes have sworn law

enforcement personnel and the

source of authority? 

What are the number and types of

tribal court systems? 

Who performs the tribal detention

function and what types of sanctions

are to be imposed? 

Do tribes have access to State and

national criminal record systems?

The 13 tables present individual agency

data for tribal criminal justice agencies

across the United States. The table

notes describe the data used and

provide information for interpreting the

tables.

The publication is divided into four

parts, according to broad topical areas:

Part I: Law enforcement (tables 3-4)

• sworn law enforcement personnel

• source of tribal law enforcement

authority

• estimated number of sworn full-time

law enforcement officers reported in

2000

• cross-deputization agreements

• law enforcement reciprocity with local

and State authorities for crimes

committed on and off tribal land.

Part II: Courts and administration

(tables 5-7)

• tribal justice systems 

• BIA Court of Indian Offenses 

• types of tribal operated court systems

 

• number of full-time judges, 

prosecutors, public defenders, and

peacemakers.

Part III: Corrections and intermediate

sanctions (tables 8-9)

• tribal detention facilities 

• types of adult intermediate sanctions

(for example, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, and fines without incarceration).

Part IV: Criminal history records and

justice statistics (tables 10-13) 

• access to the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) 

• sharing of tribal criminal history

records with State repositories or the

FBI

• participation in the National Sex

Offender Registry (NSOR) 

• types of criminal incidents recorded

• method of recording crimes

• tribal justice agencies electronically

networked within and outside the tribe 

• sharing of crime statistics with Bureau

of Indian Affairs (BIA), FBI, and local

governments.

Compilation of census data

The data presented was compiled from

the Census of Tribal Justice Agencies

for 2002. Federally recognized tribes

across the United States responded to

the questionnaires. Policy Studies, Inc.,

collected the data on behalf of BJS. 

Justice and criminal jurisdiction

background in Indian country

Criminal jurisdiction — the governmental powers to make and/or enforce laws

— in Indian country is divided among

the Federal, State, and tribal governments. Jurisdiction in a specific incident

depends on the nature of the offense,

whether the offender or victim was a

tribal member, and the State in which

the crime occurred. 

 

Introduction

 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 1

Tribal Justice on the web

All of the tables in this report are

available in a spreadsheet format on

the BJS website: <http://www/ojp.

usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/ctjaic02.htm>.

Other information not published in

this report, either because of low

response rates or because it has only

specialized interest, is also in a digital

table on the web. The web-only table

cover the following subjects:

• Criminal investigation functions

• Criminal case referral to U.S.

 attorneys office

• Number and type of separate courts

• Tribal court judge selection

• Judicial staffing

• Tribal victims services

• Tribal reliance on State courts 

 for judicial services

• Tribal reliance on county/municipal

 social service agencies. 
Public Law 83-280 (commonly referred

to as Public Law 280 or P.L. 280)

conferred jurisdiction the Federal

Government to six State governments.

Congress extended criminal jurisdiction

over tribal lands to California, Minnesota (except the Red Lake

Reservation), Nebraska, Oregon

(except the Warm Springs

Reservation), Wisconsin, and Alaska.

These are mandatory P.L. 280 States

(figure 1). 

Public Law 280 also permitted other

States to acquire jurisdiction at their

option. These States could take partial

jurisdiction until the 1968 amendment to

the law. The optional P.L. 280 States

assumed jurisdiction either in whole or

in part over Indian country within their

boundaries: Nevada, Idaho, Iowa,

Washington, South Dakota, Montana,

North Dakota, Arizona, and Utah

operate under this arrangement.

In States where P.L. 280 does not

apply, the Federal Government retains

criminal jurisdiction for major crimes

committed under the "Indian Country"

Crimes Act (Title 18, United States

Code, Section 1152), the Indian

Country Major Crimes Act (Title 18,

United States Code, Section 1153), and

the Assimilative Crimes Act (Title 18,

United States Code, Section 13). The

1994 Crime Act expanded Federal

criminal jurisdiction in Indian country in

such areas as guns, violent juveniles,

drugs, and domestic violence.

Tribal authority to sentence offenders in

Indian country is limited to a maximum

of 1 year of imprisonment and a $5,000

fine or both. (For a detailed discussion

of criminal jurisdiction and sentencing in

Indian country, see 18 U.S.C. Subsection 13; 1151; 1152; 1153; 1162; and 25

U.S.C. Subsection 1302.). 

American Indians and reservations 

in the United States

In 2000, American Indians and Alaska

Natives accounted for 4.3 million, or

1.5%, of the 281 million persons in the

United States. This population includes

persons who reported their race as

“American Indian or Alaska Native” with

or without another racial category.

About 2.5 million (0.9%) of the U.S.

population, listed only American Indian

or Alaska Native, and 1.8 million, as

American Indian or Alaska Native as

well as one or more additional races

(table 1). 

2 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Figure 1

Non-PL 280 States

Optional PL 280 States

Mandatory PL 280 States

PL 280 Status

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Special tabulation.

<http://www.census.gov/pubinfo/www/NEWamindML1.html >.

Outside tribal areas 1,568,608 64.1% 1,725,510 92.4%

Alaska native village statistical areas 57,964 2.4 5,792 0.3

79,204 3.2 14,553 0.8

State-designated American Indian

 statistical areas

State reservations 917 0.0 100 0.0

Tribal-designated statistical areas 2,221 0.1 2,089 0.1

Oklahoma tribal statistical areas 227,043 9.3 99,360 5.3

512,032 20.9 20,472 1.1

Federal reservations and/or

 off-reservation trust lands

All American Indian areas 821,417 33.5 136,354 7.3

879,381 35.9% 142,366 7.6%

All American Indian and Alaska Native

 tribal areas

All areas 2,447,989 100.0% 1,867,876 100.0%

Number Percent Number Percent

AIAN alone AIAN in combination

Table 1. American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) population,

by place of residence, 2000
An estimated 43.5% or 1,021,747 of all

American Indians who identified

themselves as American Indian or

Alaska Native indicated they resided on

a Federal reservation or in a tribal

statistical area during Census 2000. 

This report summarizes the BJS results 

from participants in the 2002 Census of

Tribal Justice Agencies. Participation by

Alaska Native tribes or villages was not

extensive enough to enable their inclusion. Ninety-two percent (314) of the

341 tribes in the continental United

States participated. 

The majority (65%) of the 314 tribes are

located within "mandatory" (123) or

"optional" (81) P.L. 280 States (table 2).

About 110 tribes are located in non-PL

280 States. 

About 188 tribes reported they have

some form of a justice system. More

than a fifth (39) of those tribes

supported the services of an indigenous

court; almost a quarter received judicial

services from a BIA-operated Court of

Indian Offenses (CFR); and a majority

(175) of the tribes had tribal courts.

Almost 75% (140) of the tribes relied on

the States for some justice services (for

example, correctional and counseling

services). 

 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 3

*BIA-operated Court of Indian Offenses.

Total 314 188 39 46 175 140

Wyoming 2 2 0 0 2 0

Wisconsin Mandatory 11 9 2 0 7 8

Washington Optional 29 26 7 3 22 8

Utah Optional 4 2 0 2 2 2

Texas 3 2 2 0 2 2

South Dakota 9 9 0 2 9 0

South Carolina 1 0 0 0 0 1

Rhode Island 1 0 0 0 0 1

Oregon Mandatory 8 8 1 0 8 6

Oklahoma 37 18 0 22 16 5

North Dakota Optional 3 3 0 0 3 0

North Carolina 1 1 0 0 1 0

New York 4 2 1 0 1 2

New Mexico 21 20 10 1 19 6

Nevada Optional 16 14 1 4 13 6

Nebraska Mandatory 4 3 0 2 3 2

Montana Optional 6 6 1 0 5 0

Mississippi 1 1 1 0 0 0

Minnesota Mandatory 12 12 3 0 12 4

Michigan 12 9 2 1 9 3

Massachusetts 1 1 1 0 1 1

Maine 4 2 0 0 2 4

Louisiana 4 3 0 1 3 2

Kansas 4 4 0 0 4 0

Iowa Optional 1 0 0 0 0 1

Idaho Optional 4 4 1 0 4 1

Florida Optional 1 0 0 0 0 1

Connecticut 2 2 1 0 2 0

Colorado 2 1 0 1 1 0

California Mandatory 88 7 2 7 7 74

Arizona Optional 17 16 3 0 16 0

Alabama 1 1 0 0 1 0

Relying 

on State

courts 

Tribal 

courts

CFR* 

courts

Indigenous

courts

Tribal 

justice

systems

Participated in

census

Public Law 

State 280 status

Number of tribes using

Table 2. Number of tribes, by State, Public Law 280 status, and court systems 

Law enforcement in Indian country

Adding to jurisdictional complexities in

Indian country, law enforcement

authority is dispersed among Federal,

State, local and tribal agencies. 

Among the tribes' inherent powers are

the authority to exercise criminal jurisdiction over all tribal members and the

authority to arrest and detain

non-Indians for delivery to State or

Federal authorities for prosecution.

These tribal police powers are generally limited to the reservation. The work

of tribal police is often critical to resolving criminal cases referred to State and

Federal agencies because tribal police

usually discover the crime, interview

witnesses, and grasp the circumstances involved. Often tribal police

refer cases to U.S. attorney’s offices for

investigation, as tribal courts generally

hear only misdemeanor cases. 

The Federal Government — Bureau of

Indian Affairs (BIA) and Federal Bureau

of Investigation (FBI) — investigates

crimes and directly enforces the law in

Indian country. BIA also affects law

enforcement indirectly by providing

funding to tribal governments.* 

Public Law 93-638, the Indian SelfDetermination of Act 1975, affords

tribes — through Federal grants and

contracts — the opportunity to provide

for their own police departments and

other institutional services.

Public safety on reservations in P.L.

280 States is primarily the responsibility

of local and tribal law enforcement. BIA

directly provides policing for those

tribes that request services and do not

have 638 contracts and that are not in

P.L. 280 States. 

Tribal law enforcement agencies

In 2001 half the tribes employed at

least 1 full-time sworn officer with

general arrest powers (table 3).

• About 95 (58%) of the 165 tribes with

at least 1 full-time sworn officer were in

a mandatory or optional P.L. 280 State.

• Nearly 80% (130) of the 165 tribes

with at least 1 sworn officer indicated

that their law enforcement agencies

operated through a P.L. 93-638

contract or self-governance compact. 

• Among the tribes operating with P.L.

638 contracts, about 56% (73) were

located in a mandatory or optional 

P.L. 280 State.

Cross deputization agreements

Cross deputization agreements have

been used to enhance law enforcement

capabilities in areas where State and

tribal lands were contiguous and intermingled. Under some agreements,

Federal, State, county/local, and/or

tribal law enforcement officers have the

power to arrest Indian and non-Indian

wrongdoers wherever the violation of

law occurs. 

• About 99% of the 165 tribal law

enforcement agencies with at least one

sworn officer with arrest powers have

cross deputization agreements with 

BIA law enforcement, neighboring

tribes/villages, neighboring nontribal

authorities, or Federal law enforcement

agencies other than BIA (table 4).

• Among the 163 tribes that reported

having cross deputization agreements,

over half (84) of the agreements were

with neighboring nontribal authorities.

• An estimated 53% (86) of the tribal

police with cross deputization agreements were in mandatory or optional

P.L. 280 States.

Tribal and State law enforcement 

reciprocating authority

Sometimes only one governmental

unit, State or tribal, is willing to crossdeputize. In such instances, States

have recognized tribal police to have

peace officer authority — to arrest tribal

offenders off the reservation or detain

nontribal offenders on the reservation.

• About 57% (93) of the 165 tribes with

tribal law enforcement officers reported

being recognized by the State to have

peace officer authority. 

• Among the 93 tribes with police

officers recognized by the State, 54%

were in mandatory or optional P.L. 280

States.

• About 74 (45%) of the tribes with law

enforcement personnel had arrest

authority over tribal members off the

reservation, with 55% in mandatory or

optional P.L. 280 States.

• Almost 101 (62%) tribes with at least

1 sworn officer reported having arrest

authority over non-Indians on tribal

reservations. The majority (60%) of

tribes with arrest authority over

non-Indians on the reservation were in

mandatory or optional P.L. 280 States.

For an in depth discussion on tribal law

enforcement, see the BJS report Tribal

Law Enforcement, 2000

<http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/

pdf/tle00.htm>.

Law enforcement

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 5

*Office of Associate Attorney General, U.S.

Department of Justice, Indian Country Law

Enforcement Review, December 1999. The BIA

funds many tribal governments to conduct their

own law enforcement through what is called a

638 contract or compact (P. L. 93-638, the

Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)).
6 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

no . . . . . .

Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell 

 Reservation of California

Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no . . . . . .

Elk Valley Rancheria no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur 

 Bank Rancheria (California)

Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians yes no . . .

Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no . . . . . .

Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no . . . . . .

Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria no . . . . . .

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation no . . . . . .

Cedarville Rancheria no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of 

 California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long) Group

Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the Sheep

 Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California)

Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no . . . . . .

Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria yes no . . .

no . . . . . .

Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa

 Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria

yes yes 17

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the 

 Cabazon Reservation

Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians no . . . . . .

Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California no . . . . . .

Blue Lake Rancheria no . . . . . .

Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria no . . . . . .

Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians 

 of the Big Pine Reservation

Big Lagoon Rancheria no . . . . . .

Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no . . . . . .

Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no . . . . . .

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no . . . . . .

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes yes 7

yes yes 14

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian

 Reservation

yes yes 36

White (River) Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache

 Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes yes

Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes 76

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes 25

yes yes 51

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the 

 Salt River Reservation (Arizona)

yes yes . . .

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, 

 California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes . . . . . .

Navajo Nation yes yes 321

no . . . . . .

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes no 9

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes no 9

yes yes 58

Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation yes yes 20

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona yes yes 12

Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation yes no 12

Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes 6

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 7

no . . . . . .

Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians 

 of the Santa Ysabel Reservation (California)

no . . . . . .

Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians

 of the Santa Ynez Reservation (California)

no . . . . . .

Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa 

 Rosa Rancheria (California)

no . . . . . .

Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California

no . . . . . .

San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians 

 of the San Manuel Reservation, California

Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no . . . . . .

Round Valley Reservation no . . . . . .

Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the 

 Rincon Reservation, California

Resighini Rancheria no . . . . . .

Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

Redding Rancheria no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission

 Indians of California

Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout

 Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring 

 Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch)

Pinoleville Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the 

 Pechanga Reservation (California)

no . . . . . .

Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma 

 and Yuima Reservation (California)

Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no . . . . . .

yes no . . .

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala 

 Reservation, California

Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no . . . . . .

Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

Mesa Grande Band of Diequeno Mission Indians no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the 

 Manzanita Reservation (California)

no . . . . . .

Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point

 Arena Rancheria (California)

Lytton Rancheria no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the 

 Los Coyotes Reservation, California

no . . . . . .

La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the 

 La Posta Indian Reservation (California)

La Jolla Band of Luiseno Mission Indians no . . . . . .

Karuk Tribe of California no . . . . . .

Jamul Indian Village no . . . . . .

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California yes yes . . .

Ione Band of Miwok Indians no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the 

 Inaja and Cosmit Reservation (California)

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians yes no . . .

Hoopa Valley Tribe yes yes 7

Guideville Rancheria no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waikai

 Indians of California

Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no . . . . . .

Graton Rancheria no . . . . . .

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes yes . . .

no . . . . . .

Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians 

 of the Fort Independence Reservation (California)

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
8 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

yes yes . . .

Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously 

 listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin 

 Potawatomie Indians of Michigan)

yes yes . . .

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa 

 Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes yes . . .

Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes 5

Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes 7

Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no . . . . . .

Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no . . . . . .

Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe yes yes 9

Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no . . . . . .

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana yes yes 7

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes 9

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes yes . . .

yes no 8

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas

 (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)

yes yes 10

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo

 Reservation in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes yes 10

Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no . . . . . . Iowa

yes yes 18

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall 

 Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes yes 23

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no . . . . . .

Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes yes . . .

yes yes 67

Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton,

 Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations

Florida

Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no . . .

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes yes 16

no . . . . . .

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation,

 (Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah)

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes yes 13

Yurok Tribe no . . . . . .

yes yes . . .

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart 

 Community, and Washoe Ranches)

no . . . . . .

Upper LakeBand of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake 

 Rancheria of California

no . . . . . .

United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn 

 Rancheria of California

Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne 

 Rancheria of California

Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation no . . . . . .

Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no . . . . . .

Table Mountain Rancheria no . . . 14

Table Bluff Reservation — Wiyot Tribe, California no . . . . . .

Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no . . . . . .

Susanville Indian Rancheria no . . . . . .

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no . . . . . .

Smith River Rancheria no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, 

 Shingle Springs Rancheria (California)

Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no . . . . . .

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000 

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 9

yes yes . . .

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian

 Reservation (Nevada)

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony (Nevada) yes yes 3

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes yes 9

yes no . . .

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort

 McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes 2

yes yes 1

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation

 (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes no . . .

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska yes yes . . .

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no . . . . . .

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes yes 7

Northern Cheyenne Tribe no . . . . . .

yes yes 10

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap 

 Reservation of Montana

yes yes . . .

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the

 Flathead Reservation (Montana)

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation yes yes 13

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation no . . . 23

 of Montana

yes yes 31

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian

 Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes 38

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no . . . . . .

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no . . . . . .

yes yes . . .

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota 

 (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community no . . . . . .

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation yes no . . .

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes 17

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe yes no . . .

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no . . . . . .

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation yes yes . . .

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no . . . . . .

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no . . . . . .

yes no 1

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota

 (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community 

 of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the 

 Lower Sioux Reservation)

Minnesota

Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no . . . . . .

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes 15

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes 37

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians yes yes . . .

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians no . . . . . .

yes yes . . .

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , Michigan 

 (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands 

 Odawa Indians of Michigan)

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan yes no . . .

yes yes 8

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, 

 Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band 

 of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

yes yes 15

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously 

 listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse

 and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse

 Reservation, Michigan)

Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no . . . . . .

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000 

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
10 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

no . . . . . .

Delaware Nation, Oklahoma (formerly Delaware 

 Tribe of Western Oklahoma)

yes yes 4

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian 

 Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes yes . . .

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes yes 20

Chickasaw Nation no . . . . . .

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma yes yes 8

Cherokee Nation yes yes 11

Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma yes no . . .

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) no . . . . . .

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes 9

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes yes 26

yes no 21

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, 

 (North Dakota)

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no 9

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no 30

Tuscarora Nation no . . . . . .

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes yes 14

Onondaga Nation of New York no . . . . . .

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no . . . . . .

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes yes 22

Pueblo of Zia no . . . . . .

Pueblo of Tesuque yes yes 9

Pueblo of Taos yes yes 7

Pueblo of Santo Domingo no . . . . . .

Pueblo of Santa Clara yes yes 9

Pueblo of Santa Ana yes yes 12

Pueblo of Sandia yes no 8

Pueblo of San Juan yes yes 6

Pueblo of San Ildefonso no . . . . . .

Pueblo of San Felipe no . . . . . .

Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes 7

Pueblo of Picuris no . . . 3

Pueblo of Nambe no . . . . . .

Pueblo of Laguna yes yes 10

Pueblo of Jemez yes no . . .

Pueblo of Isleta yes yes 14

Pueblo of Cochiti no . . . . . .

Pueblo of Acoma yes yes 8

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no . . .

yes no 18

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla

 Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation (Nevada) yes yes . . .

yes yes 3

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and 

 Campbell Ranch, Nevada

Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no . . . . . .

Walker River Paiute Tribe no . . . 4

yes yes 2

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada 

 (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko 

 Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band)

Summit Lake Paiute Tribe no . . . . . .

no . . . 14

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation,

 Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes yes 9

yes yes 7

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake 

 Reservation (Nevada)

yes yes . . .

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation 

 and Colony, Nevada

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000 

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 11

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah no . . . . . .

no . . . . . .

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes,

 Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes,

 Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band 

 of Paiutes)

Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no . . . . . .

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes yes 1

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes yes 11

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no . . . . . .

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no . . . . . .

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no . . .

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no . . .

yes yes 13

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse 

 Reservation (South Dakota)

Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes yes 35

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes 58

yes no . . .

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation

 (South Dakota)

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes yes . . .

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no 8

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes 53

no . . . . . .

Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba 

 Tribe of South Carolina)

South Carolina

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island yes yes 3

Klamath Indian Tribe no . . . . . .

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes no . . .

Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes yes 3

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon yes yes 33

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation yes yes 15

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians yes yes 1

no . . . . . .

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, 

 and Siuslaw Indians

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon no . . . . . .

yes yes 4

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian

 Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes 3

no . . . . . .

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, 

 and Tawakonie)

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes 4

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no . . . . . .

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no . . . 3

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes yes 6

Quapaw Tribe of Indians no . . . . . .

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes 8

Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes yes 3

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes 6

Osage Tribe yes yes 3

Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes yes 17

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes 7

Kialegee Tribal Town no . . . . . .

Kaw Nation yes yes 5

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes 5

Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no . . . . . .

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes . . .

Delaware Tribe of Indians no . . . . . .

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000 

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
12 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable. Data on full-time sworn officers are from the 2000 Census of State and local law enforcement agencies.

no . . . . . .

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River 

 Reservation (Wyoming)

Wyoming

yes no . . .

Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican

 Indians of Wisconsin)

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no . . .

no . . . . . .

Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the Mole

 Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Wisconsin)

yes yes . . .

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin yes no . . .

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin yes yes . . .

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians yes yes . . .

no . . . . . .

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa 

 Indians of Wisconsin

no . . . . . .

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin

 Winnebago Tribe)

no . . . . . .

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin 

 (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community

 of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians)

yes no . . .

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians 

 of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes 1

Tulalip Tribes yes yes . . .

yes yes 7

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation

 (Washington)

yes yes 11

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation

 (Washington)

Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes . . .

Squaxin Island Tribe of (Island) Reservation yes yes 7

Spokane Tribe yes no . . .

Snoqualmie Tribe no . . . . . .

Skokomish Indian Tribe yes no 5

yes yes 4

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian 

 Reservation, Washington

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes 1

Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no . . . . . .

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation (Washington) yes yes 15

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation (Washington) yes yes . . .

Puyallup Tribe Reservation yes yes 17

Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes 5

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes . . .

yes yes 11

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation,

 (Washington)

no . . . . . .

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation

 (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe yes yes 4

Lummi Tribe yes yes 16

yes yes 5

Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha 

 Reservation (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community yes yes 1

Jamestown S’Klallam no . . . . . .

Hoh Indian Tribe yes yes . . .

Cowlitz Indian Tribe no . . . . . .

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes yes 21

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes yes 5

yes yes . . .

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation

 (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the 

 Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation)

Washington

Number of full-time 

sworn officers with 

arrest powers reported 

in 2000 

Tribal law 

enforcement 

agency operates

through a PL 

93-638 or selfgovernance 

contract

Tribe has at 

least one sworn 

law enforcement

officer with 

State Tribal name arrest powers

Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 13

yes no yes no yes yes yes

Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, 

 Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood, 

 and Tampa Reservations

Florida

Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no no no no no yes

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no no no no no yes

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no no no yes no yes

yes no no no no no yes

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and 

 California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford

 Community, Stewart Community,

 and Washoe Ranches)

no no no no no no no

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians

 of the Pala Reservation (California)

no no no no no yes yes

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk

 Indians of California

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no no no

Hoopa Valley Tribe no no yes no yes yes yes

yes no yes no yes yes yes

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona,

 California, and Nevada

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no no yes

no no no no no no no

Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville

 Rancheria

yes no no no no no yes

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission

 Indians of the Cabazon Reservation

California

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no yes no yes no yes

no no yes yes yes yes yes

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp

 Verde Indian Reservation

yes yes yes no yes no yes

White (River) Mountain Apache Tribe

 of the Fort Apache Reservation

 (Arizona)

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona no no yes no yes yes yes

Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes no yes yes yes

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no yes no yes yes no

yes no yes no yes no yes

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian

 Community of the Salt River 

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes no yes yes yes yes yes

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma

 Indian Reservation (California 

 and Arizona)

. . . . . . Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navajo Nation yes no yes yes yes no yes

yes no no yes yes no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai

 Indian Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes no yes yes yes yes yes

yes no no no yes yes yes

Gila River Indian Community of the

 Gila River Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council yes no yes no yes no yes

 Reservation no no no no yes yes no

yes

no no yes no yes yes

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the

 Mericopa Indian

Arizona

no no yes yes no yes yes

Poarch Band of Creek Indians 

 of Alabama

Alabama

NonIndians 

on the

reservation 

Tribal

members 

off the 

reservation 

by State to

have peace

officer 

authority 

Federal law

enforcement other

than BIA 

Neighboring

non-tribal

authorities

Neighboring

State Tribal name BIA tribes

 Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over–

Tribal law enforcement agency

Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002
14 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

no no yes no no no no

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa

 Indians of Michigan

yes no yes no yes yes yes

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe 

 of Michigan

no no yes no yes yes yes

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians

 (previously listed as the Pokagon

 Band of Potawatomi Indians of

 Michigan)

yes no yes no yes no yes

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa

 Indians, Michigan (previously listed

 as the Little Traverse Bay Bands

 Odawa Indians of Michigan)

no no no no no no yes

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Little River Band of Ottowa Indians

 of Michigan)

no no yes no yes yes yes

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa, Michigan

 (previously listed as Lac Vieux 

 Desert Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

yes no yes no yes no no

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community

 of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands 

 of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse

 Reservation, Michigan)

yes no yes no yes yes yes

Hannahville Indian Community, 

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Hannahville Indian Community 

 of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians

 of Michigan)

no no yes no yes yes yes

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa 

 and Chippewa Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine no no no no yes yes yes

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no no no yes yes yes

no no no no no no no

Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head

 (Aquinnah)

Massachusetts

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no yes no yes yes yes

Jena Band of Choctaw Indians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no yes no yes yes yes

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes no yes yes yes yes yes

yes no no no no no no

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in

 Kansas and Nebraska

yes no no no no yes yes

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians,

 Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band

 of Potawatomi Indians)

yes no no no no no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the

 Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no yes no yes yes yes

yes no no yes yes yes yes

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the 

 Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no no no no yes no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

yes no yes no no no no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur

 D'Alene Reservation (Idaho)

Idaho

NonIndians 

on the 

reservation 

Tribal

members 

off the 

reservation

by State to

have peace

officer 

authority

Federal law

enforcement other

than BIA 

Neighboring

non-tribal

authorities

Neighboring

State Tribal name BIA tribes

Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over–

Tribal law enforcement agency

Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 15

no no no no no no no

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone

 Indians of Nevada (Four constituent

 bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko

 Band, South Fork Band, and Wells

 Band)

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no no no no yes no yes

no no yes no yes no yes

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the

 Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada)

yes no no no yes yes no

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the

 Fallon Reservation and Colony

 (Nevada)

no no no no no no yes

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the

 Moapa River Indian Reservation

 (Nevada)

no no no no yes no yes

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock

 Indian Colony, Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute no no no no no yes yes

no no no no no no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone

 Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian

 Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no no no no yes no no

no no no no no no no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the

 Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes no yes no yes

yes no yes

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee no no no no

 Reservation of Nebraska

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no no no

Northern Cheyenne Tribe

no no no no no no no

Fort Belknap Indian Community 

 of the Fort Belknap 

 Reservation of Montana

yes no yes no yes no no

Confederated Salish and Kootenai

 Tribes of the Flathead

 Reservation (Montana)

no no no no no yes yes

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky

 Boy’s Reservation

no no yes no yes no yes

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of 

 Fort Peck Indian Reservation

 (Montana)

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes no no no yes no yes

no no no no no no no

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians,

 Minnesota (previously known as

 the Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians of the Red Lake 

 Reservation, Minnesota)

no no yes no yes no yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White

 Earth Reservation

no no yes no yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille

 Lacs Band of Ojibwe

no no yes no yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech

 Lake Band of Ojibwe

no no yes no yes no yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond

 du Lac Reservation

no no yes no yes no yes

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the

 State of Minnesota (previously

 listed as the Lower Sioux Indian

 Community of Minnesota

 Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the

 Lower Sioux Reservation)

Minnesota

NonIndians 

on the

reservation 

Tribal

members 

off the 

reservation 

by State to

have peace

officer 

authority 

Federal law

enforcement other

than BIA 

Neighboring

non-tribal

authorities

Neighboring

State Tribal name BIA tribes

Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over–

Tribal law enforcement agency

Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002
16 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes yes yes

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no yes no

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes no yes no no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no yes no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no yes no yes yes yes

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no no no no no no

Osage Tribe yes no yes no yes yes yes

Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no yes yes yes yes yes

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no yes yes no no no no

Kaw Nation no no no no no no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no yes no yes yes yes

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes yes no yes yes yes

yes no no no yes yes yes

Comanche Nation [formerly the

 Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes no yes no yes yes yes

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes no yes no no no no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no yes no yes no no

Cherokee Nation no no yes no yes yes yes

Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no no

no no yes no yes yes no

Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians

 of Oklahoma

Oklahoma

no no no no no yes yes

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa

 Indians of North Dakota

yes no yes yes no no yes

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort

 Berthold Reservation, North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no no no no no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no no no no yes no yes

yes no no no no yes no

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians 

 of New York

New York

yes no yes no yes no yes

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation,

 (New Mexico)

Pueblo of Tesuque no no yes no yes yes yes

Pueblo of Taos yes no yes no yes yes yes

Pueblo of Santa Clara no no no no yes no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana no no yes no yes no no

Pueblo of Sandia yes no yes no yes no yes

Pueblo of San Juan no no yes no no no yes

Pueblo of Pojoaque no no yes no yes yes yes

Pueblo of Laguna no no yes no no yes yes

Pueblo of Jemez no no no no no no no

Pueblo of Isleta yes no yes no yes no yes

Pueblo of Cochiti

Pueblo of Acoma yes no yes no yes yes yes

Mescalero Apache Tribe no no no no no no no

no no yes no yes yes no

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico

 (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe

 of the Jicarilla Apache Indian

 Reservation)

New Mexico

no no yes no no no yes

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the 

 Yomba Reservation, Nevada

yes no no no no no yes

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the 

 Yerington Colony and Campbell

 Ranch, Nevada

NonIndians 

on the 

reservation 

Tribal 

members 

off the 

reservation 

by State to

have peace

officer 

authority 

Federal law

enforcement other

than BIA 

Neighboring

non-tribal

authorities

Neighboring

State Tribal name BIA tribes

Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over–

Tribal law enforcement agency

Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 17

no no yes no no no no

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the 

 Shoalwater Bay Indian

 Reservation (Washington)

no no yes no yes yes yes

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe 

 of Washington

no no no no yes yes no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt

 Reservation (Washington)

no no no no no no no

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete 

 Reservation (Washington)

Puyallup Tribal Council no no yes no yes yes yes

Port Gamble Indian Community yes no no no no no no

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no no yes

yes no no yes no yes yes

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually

 Reservation (Washington)

Makah Indian Tribe no no no no no no no

Lummi Tribe no no no no no yes no

no no no no no no no

Lower Elwha Tribal Community 

 of the Lower Elwha Reservation

 (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community yes yes no yes yes no yes

Jamestown S’Klallam Tribal Council

Hoh Indian Tribe no no no no no no no

no no yes no yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the Colville

 Reservation

no no no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis

 Reservation

no no no no no yes no

Confederated Tribes and Bands 

 of the Yakama Nation (formerly 

 the Confederated Tribes and 

 Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation

 of the Yakama Reservation)

Washington

no no no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Goshute

 Reservation

Utah

Texas Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no no no no no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no yes yes no no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of no no yes no yes no yes

 North and South Dakota

no no no no no no no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe 

 of the Lake Traverse Reservation, 

 South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe no no no no no no no

Oglala Sioux Tribe no no no no no no no

yes no no no no no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the 

 Lower Brule Reservation (South

 Dakota)

no no yes yes yes yes yes

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe 

 of South Dakota

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no no no yes no yes

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no yes no yes no no no

yes no no no no no no

Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode

 Island

Rhode Island

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no yes yes

Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no yes no no yes yes

yes no yes

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs no no yes no

 Reservation of Oregon

no yes yes

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla no no yes no

 Indian Reservation

no no yes no yes yes yes

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz

 Reservation

no no yes no yes no yes

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns

 Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon

Oregon

NonIndians 

on the 

reservation 

Tribal 

members 

off the

reservation 

by State to

have peace

officer 

authority 

Federal law

enforcement other

than BIA 

Neighboring

non-tribal

authorities

Neighboring

State Tribal name BIA tribes

Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over–

Tribal law enforcement agency

Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002
18 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

no no yes no yes yes yes

Stockbridge Munsee Community,

 Wisconsin (previously known as

 the Stockbridge Munsee 

 Community of Mohican

 Indians of Wisconsin)

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no yes no yes yes yes

no no yes no yes yes yes

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no yes no yes yes yes

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no no no yes no yes

no no no no yes no yes

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

no no yes no yes yes yes

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe

 of Chippewa Indians of the Bad

 River Reservation

Wisconsin

no no no no no yes yes

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 

 of Washington

Tulalip Tribes yes no yes no no yes yes

no no yes no no no yes

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish

 Reservation (Washington)

no no no no no no no

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the 

 Port Madison Reservation

 (Washington)

Stillaguamish Tribe yes no yes no no yes no

Squaxin Island Tribe no no yes no yes yes yes

Spokane Tribe yes no no no no no yes

Skokomish Indian Tribe no no no no yes yes no

NonIndians 

on the

reservation 

Tribal 

members 

off the 

reservation 

by State to

have peace

officer 

authority 

Federal law

enforcement other

than BIA 

Neighboring

non-tribal

authorities

Neighboring

State Tribal name BIA tribes

Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over–

Tribal law enforcement agency

Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002
Courts, caseloads, and special

judicial services

The complexity of criminal jurisdiction

in Indian country among the Federal,

State, and tribal authorities also carries

forward to the forums that decide criminal cases in Indian country. Some

issues are handled directly by indigenous forums or tribal courts; others are

sent through the Federal court system;

and still others are handled by State

courts (figure 1).

Tribal justice systems in Indian country 

The court systems operating in Indian

country vary by tribe. The Indian

country judicial system revolves around

a core of four legal institutions: Court of

Indian Offenses (Code of Federal

Regulations or CFR), tribal courts of

appeal, tribal courts of general jurisdiction, and indigenous forums (also

known as traditional courts). In 2002,

about 60% (188) of all the tribes had

some form of a tribal justice system. 

Indigenous forum

Historically, most tribes addressed

criminal activity by consensus through

"indigenous forum"– often referred to

as peacemaking, council of elders, and

sentencing circles. Indigenous courts

have served one of the most important

roles exercised by tribal government:

resolving disputes in the community,

which may also extend to nonmembers who consent. 

Courts

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 19

U.S. Supreme Court

State supreme court

State appellate court U.S. Federal district court

* General Crimes Act

* Major Crimes Act

* Assimilative Crimes Act

* Tribal Justice Habeas

 Corpus Petition

Tribal

judicial

system

Federal

justice State

justice

Federal, State, and tribal court systems in the United States

State trial court

(Public Law 280 States)

Court of Indian Offenses (CFR)

Indigenous forum (known as

Traditional court)

Tribal court of appeals

Tribal court

U.S. court of appeals

Major felony

offender and victim crimes

and non-Indian

Misdemeanor

Indian offenders and victims

crimes among Habeas

corpus

Source: Adapted from Vine Deloria and Clifford M. Lytle, American Indians, American Justice, University

of Texas Press, 1983.
A primary goal of the indigenous courts

has been dispute resolution, to

mediate the case to the satisfaction of

all parties. In 2002 about 39 (21%) of

all tribes with a justice system reported

operating an indigenous court in their

tribal jurisdiction (table 5). 

Court of Indian Offenses

The U.S. Department of Interior initially

set up the Court of Indian Offenses

(CFR) to handle less serious criminal

offenses and to resolve disputes

between tribal members in Indian

country. In 1883 the CFR Courts were

made a regular part of the BIA activities on the reservations, operating

under written guidelines set down in

the Code of Federal Regulations.

Between the 1880's and 1934, the

CFR court system operated in about

two-thirds of all reservations.

In 2002, about 46 tribes operated

under a CFR court on their reservation.

Among the 188 tribes with some form

of tribal justice system, about 25% (46)

had CFR courts. 

Tribal courts

Passage of the Indian Reorganization

Act in 1934, encouraged tribes to enact

their own laws and establish their own

modern tribal courts. Tribes that could

not afford to set up their own courts

retained CFR courts operated by BIA,

but the majority of tribes have established a formal tribal court system.

Modern tribal courts, unlike the CFR

courts, are under tribal control and are

directly oriented to the needs of tribal

members. Some tribes have developed a hybrid or blended judicial

system that incorporates the dispute

resolution elements of indigenous or

CFR courts and the more modern

focus to ensure due process. 

Tribal courts were designed to operate

and enforce tribal constitutions and

codes. About 175 (56%) of all tribes

operated tribal courts on their reservation in 2002. Appeals from tribal trial

courts are rare, although most tribes

do provide some form of judicial review

in criminal cases. Fifty-eight percent

(103) of the tribal courts also had an

appellate court. 

Inter-tribal court system

Where it is economically and administratively feasible, a consortium of tribal

governments (small or remotely

located tribes) share a court (for

example, the Northwest Inter-tribal

Court System and the Southwest Intertribal Court of Appeals). Member tribes

of an intertribal court have joined their

limited resources to ensure that each

tribe is able to have a court by sharing

judges, prosecutors, and related court

services. 

About 15 (8%) of the 188 tribes that

had some form of tribal justice system,

were members of an intertribal justice

system in 2002. Some member tribes

of the intertribal court consortium were

entitled to appeal matters to a court of

last resort. 

Types of cases and courts

The types of cases handled by the

tribal justice systems vary with the

tribes and types of courts operating in

Indian country. In 2002 about 84% of

all tribes with some form of tribal

justice system handled criminal misdemeanor cases (table 6).

Most tribal courts heard traffic cases

(160), juvenile (157), family law cases

(147), domestic violence protective

orders (157), civil matters (182),

probate (115), and wildlife offenses

(123). 

Over half (174) of all tribes indicated

they had at least one general jurisdiction tribal court. Twenty-five percent

(80) had a juvenile court, and 16% (51)

had a separate family court. 

Full-time court employees and

services for juvenile and family

cases

In 2002 an estimated 200 judges, 153

prosecutors, and 20 peacemakers

were employed full time in Indian

country (table 7). 

On account of limited personnel and

resources, some tribes relied on State

courts for judicial services. About 140

(45%) of all tribes relied on State court

judicial services in some form. 

An estimated 179 (57%) of all tribes in

Indian country ordered treatment in

juvenile and/or family cases using

county/municipal social service

agencies (not shown in table).

Child support enforcement program

Just under a third (97) of all the tribes

reported having a child support

enforcement program. A third of the

tribes had tribal family codes for establishing paternity (115), codes for establishing a child support order (119),

codes for enforcing a child support

order (120), and codes for modifying or

adjusting a child support order (115). 

20 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 21

no no . . . . . . . . .

California Valley Miwok Tribe,

 California (formerly the Sheep

 Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk

 Indians of California)

Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Cahto Indian Tribe of the 

 Laytonville Rancheria

no no . . . . . . . . .

Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun

 Indians of the Colusa Indian

 Community of the Colusa

 Rancheria

yes yes yes no no

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of the 

 Cabazon Reservation

Buena Vista Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

no no

Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony

 of California

Blue Lake Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians

 of the Big Valley Rancheria

no no . . . . . . . . .

Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Big Pine Band of Owens Valley

 Paiute Shoshone Indians of 

 the Big Pine Reservation

Big Lagoon Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

no no

Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians of California

. . . . . . . . .

no no

Bear River Band of Rohnerville

 Rancheria

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes . . . yes no no

yes no yes no no

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the

 Camp Verde Indian Reservation

yes no yes no no

White Mountain Apache Tribe

 of the Fort Apache Reservation,

 Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no yes no no

Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes no no

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian

 Community of the Salt River

 Reservation, Arizona

yes no yes no no

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma

 Indian Reservation, California

 and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes no yes no no

Navajo Nation yes no yes yes no

yes no yes no no

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians

 of the Kaibab Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes no yes no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the

 Hualapai Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes no yes yes yes

yes no yes no no

Gila River Indian Community 

 of the Gila River Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes no yes yes no

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal

 Council

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

yes . . . yes no no

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the

 Mericopa Indian Reservation

Arizona

yes no yes no no

Poarch Band of Creek Indians 

 of Alabama

Alabama

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

State Tribal name system

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002 
22 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

no no . . . . . . . . .

Manchester Band of Pomo

 Indians of the Manchester-

 Point Arena Rancheria

 (California)

Lytton Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of the Los

 Coyotes Reservation, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

La Posta Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians of the La Posta

 Indian Reservation (California)

no no . . . . . . . . .

La Jolla Band of Luiseno Mission

 Indians

Karuk Tribe of California no no . . . . . . . . .

Jamul Indian Village no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk

 Indians of California

Ione Band of Miwok Indians no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission

 Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit

 Reservation (California)

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no

Hoopa Valley Tribe yes no yes no no

Guideville Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Grindstone Indian Rancheria 

 of Wintun-Waikai Indians 

 of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Greenville Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians

Graton Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

yes no yes no no

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of

 Arizona, California, and Nevada

no no . . . . . . . . .

Fort Independence Indian

 Community of Paiute Indians 

 of the Fort Independence

 Reservation (California)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Fort Bidwell Indian Community 

 of the Fort Bidwell Reservation

 of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians of California

Elk Valley Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Elem Indian Colony of Pomo

 Indians of the Sulphur Bank

 Rancheria (California)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

yes no yes yes no

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo

 Indians

no no . . . . . . . . .

Cortina Indian Rancheria of

 Wintun Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Cher-Ae Heights Indian Commu-

 nity of the Trinidad Rancheria

yes no yes yes no

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the

 Chemehuevi Reservation

Cedarville Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Capitan Grande Band of Diege-

 uno Mission Indians of 

 California; Barona Group and

 the Viejas (Baron Long) Group

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Campo Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians Band of

 Diegueno Mission Indians

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 23

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no yes . . . . . . . . .

Smith River Rancheria no yes . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Shingle Springs Band of Miwok

 Indians, Shingle Springs

 Rancheria, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Sherwood Valley Rancheria of

 Pomo Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians of the Santa

 Ysabel Reservation, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Santa Ynez Band of Chumash

 Mission Indians of the Santa

 Ynez Reservation, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Santa Rosa Indian Community 

 of the Santa Rosa Rancheria,

 California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of the Santa

 Rosa Reservation, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

San Manuel Band of Serrano

 Mission Indians of the San

 Manuel Reservation, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Rumsey Indian Rancheria of

 Wintun Indians of California

Round Valley Reservation no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Robinson Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission

 Indians of the Rincon 

 Reservation, California

Resighini Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Redwood Valley Rancheria of

 Pomo Indians of California

Redding Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Ramona Band or Village of

 Cahuilla Mission Indians of

 California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend

 Rancheria, Lookout Rancheria,

 Montgomery Creek Rancheria,

 Roaring Creek Rancheria, XL

 Ranch)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Pinoleville Reservation of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Picayune Rancheria of

 Chukchansi Indians

no no . . . . . . . . .

Pechanga Band of Luiseno

 Mission Indians of the

 Pechanga Reservation

 (California)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission

 Indinas of the Pauma and

 Yuima Reservation (California)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the

 Lone Pine Community

no no . . . . . . . . .

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission

 Indians of the Pala Reservation,

 California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Middletown Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians

no no . . . . . . . . .

Manzanita Band of Diegueno

 Missions of the Manzanita

 Reservation (California)

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
24 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

yes no yes yes no

Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head

 (Aquinnah)

Massachusetts

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes yes no no

Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no . . . no no

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana yes no yes no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri 

 in Kansas and Nebraska

yes no yes no no

Prairie Band of Potawatomi

 Indians, Kansas (formerly the

 Prairie Band of Potawatomi

 Indians)

yes no yes no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the

 Kickapoo Reservation in

 Kansas

yes no yes no no

Iowa Tribe of Kansas and 

 Nebraska

Kansas

no no . . . . . . . . .

Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi

 in Iowa

Iowa

yes no yes yes no

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the

 Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no yes no no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur

 D'Alene Reservation (Idaho)

Idaho

no no . . . . . . . . .

Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania,

 Big Cypress, Brighton, Holly-

 wood, and Tampa Reservations

Florida

Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no yes no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes no yes yes no

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute

 Mountain Reservation, Colo-

 -rado, New Mexico, and Utah

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no yes no no

Yurok Tribe yes no yes no yes

yes no yes no no

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and

 California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woods-

 ford Community, Stewart

 Community, and Washoe

 Ranches)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Upper Lake Band of Pomo

 Indians of Upper Lake 

 Rancheria of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

United Auburn Indian Community

 of the Auburn Rancheria 

 of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Twenty-nine Palms Band of

 Mission Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk

 Indians of the Toulumne

 Rancheria of California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Tule River Indian Tribe of the

 Tule River Reservation

no no . . . . . . . . .

Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of California

Table Mountain Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Table Bluff Reservation — 

 Wiyot Tribe, California

no no . . . . . . . . .

Sycuan Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians of California

Susanville Indian Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . .

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 25

yes no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Mille

 Lacs Band of Ojibwe

yes no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe -

 Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

yes no yes no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe -

 Grand Portage Reservation

yes no yes no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Fond

 du Lac Reservation

yes no yes no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Bois

 Forte Band of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Lower Sioux Indian Community

 in the State of Minnesota

 (previously listed as the Lower

 Sioux Indian Community of

 Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux

 Indians of the Lower Sioux

 Reservation)

Minnesota

no no . . . . . . . . .

Scotts Valley Band of Pomo

 Indians

yes no yes no no

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan

yes no yes no no

Saginaw Chippewa Indian 

 Tribe of Michigan

yes no yes no no

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi

 Indians (previously listed as 

 the Pokagon Band of Pota-

 watomi Indians of Michigan)

no no . . . . . . . . .

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish

 Band of Pottawatomi Indians

yes no yes no no

Little Traverse Bay Bands of

 Odawa Indians, Michigan 

 (previously listed as the Little

 Traverse Bay Bands Odawa

 Indians of Michigan)

yes yes yes yes no

Little River Band of Ottowa

 Indians, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Little River Band

 of Ottowa Indians of Michigan)

yes no yes no no

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa, Michigan

 (previously listed as Lac Vieux

 Desert Band of Lake Superior 

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

yes no yes no no

Keweenaw Bay Indian Commu-

 nity, Michigan (previously listed

 as the Keweenaw Bay Indian

 Community of L'Anse and

 Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa

 Indians of the L'Anse Reser-

 vation, Michigan)

Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no . . . . . . no

yes no yes no no

Hannahville Indian Community,

 Michigan (previously listed as

 the Hannahville Indian

 Community of Wisconsin

 Potawatomie Indians of 

 Michigan)

yes no yes yes no

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa

 and Chippewa Indians of

 Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes no yes no no

Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes no yes no no

Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . .

Aroostook Band of Micmac

 Indians of Maine

Maine

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
26 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Summit Lake Paiute Tribe no no . . . . . . . . .

yes yes yes no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the

 Duck Valley Reservation,

 Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of 

 the Pyramid Lake Reservation

 (Nevada)

yes no yes no no

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the

 Fallon Reservation and Colony,

 Nevada

yes no yes no no

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians 

 of the Moapa River Indian

 Reservation (Nevada)

yes yes yes no no

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the

 Lovelock Indian Colony,

 Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and

 Shoshone Tribes of the Fort

 McDermitt Indian Reservation

 (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes no no

yes no yes yes no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of 

 the Duckwater Reservation

 (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes no no

no yes yes . . . . . .

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee

 Reservation of Nebraska

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes no yes

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes yes yes no no

Northern Cheyenne Tribe yes no no no no

yes no yes no no

Fort Belknap Indian Community

 of the Fort Belknap Reser-

 vation of Montana

yes no yes no no

Confederated Salish and

 Kootenai Tribes of the

 Flathead Reservation 

 (Montana)

yes no yes no no

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky

 Boy’s Reservation

yes no yes no no

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet

 Indian Reservation of Montana

yes no yes yes no

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of

 Fort Peck Indian Reservation,

 Montana

Montana

yes no no yes no

Mississippi Band of Choctaw

 Indians

Mississippi

yes no yes no no

Upper Sioux Community of

 Minnesota

yes no yes no no

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux

 Community of Minnesota

yes no yes no no

Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians, Minnesota (previously 

 known as the Red Lake Band

 of Chippewa Indians of the

 Red Lake Reservation,

 Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community yes no yes no no

yes no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe -

 White Earth Reservation

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 27

yes no yes no no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes 

 of Oklahoma

Cherokee Nation yes no yes no no

Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no yes yes . . . . . .

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no yes yes . . . . . .

no no yes . . . . . .

Alabama-Quassarte Tribal 

 Town (Oklahoma)

yes no yes no no

Absentee- Shawnee Tribe 

 of Indians of Oklahoma

Oklahoma

yes no yes no no

Turtle Mountain Band of

 Chippewa Indians of North

 Dakota

yes no yes no no

Three Affiliated Tribes of the 

 Fort Berthold Reservation,

 North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Eastern Band of Cherokee

 Indians

North Carolina

Tuscarora Nation no no yes . . . . . .

yes no yes no no

St. Regis Band of Mohawk

 Indians of New York

Onondaga Nation of New York yes no no yes no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no

yes no yes no no

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reser-

 vation, New Mexico

Pueblo of Zia yes no yes no no

Pueblo of Tesuque yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Taos yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes yes yes no

Pueblo of Santa Clara yes no yes no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Sandia yes no yes no no

Pueblo of San Juan yes no yes no yes

Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no yes yes no Pueblo of San Felipe no no . . . . . . no

Pueblo of Pojoaque yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Picuris yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Nambe yes no yes no no

Pueblo of Laguna yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Jemez yes no yes yes no

Pueblo of Isleta yes no yes no no

Pueblo of Cochiti yes no no yes no

Pueblo of Acoma yes . . . yes no no

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New

 Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla

 Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla

 Apache Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

yes no yes no no

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the

 Yomba Reservation, Nevada

yes no yes no no

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the

 Yerington Colony and

 Campbell Ranch, Nevada

no no . . . no no

Winnemucca Indian Colony 

 of Nevada

Walker River Paiute Tribe yes no yes no no

yes yes no no no

Te-Moak Tribe of Western

 Shoshone Indians of Nevada

 (Four constituent bands: Battle

 Mountain Band, Elko Band,

 South Fork Band, and Wells

 Band)

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
28 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

no no . . . . . . . . .

Narrangansett Indian Tribe of

 Rhode Island

Rhode Island

Klamath Indian Tribe no yes . . . . . . . . .

yes no yes no no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua

 Indians

Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes no yes no no

yes no yes no no

Confederated Tribes of Warm

 Springs Reservation of Oregon

yes no yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the

 Umatilla Indian Reservation

yes no yes yes no

Confederated Tribes of the 

 Siletz Reservation

yes no yes no no

Confederated Tribes of Coos,

 Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw

 Indians

yes no yes no no

Confederated Tribes Grand

 Ronde Community of Oregon

yes no yes no yes

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns

 Paiute Indian Colony 

 of Oregon

Oregon

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no yes . . . . . . . . .

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes

 (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and

 Tawakonie)

yes no yes no no

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians 

 of Oklahoma

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no yes . . . . . . . . .

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no yes . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

no yes

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of

 Oklahoma

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no yes . . . . . . . . .

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes no yes no no

no yes

Quapaw Tribal Business

 Committee

yes no yes no no

Ponca Tribe of Indians 

 of Oklahoma

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Peoria Tribe of Indians 

 of Oklahoma

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes no yes no no

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no yes no no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes no no no

Osage Tribe yes no yes no no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes no yes no no

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no yes . . . . . . . . .

Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no yes . . . . . . . . .

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes no yes no no

Kialegee Tribal Town yes no yes no no

Kaw Nation yes no yes no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no yes no no

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Fort Sill Apache Tribe 

 of Oklahoma

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Eastern Shawnee Tribe 

 of Oklahoma

Delaware Tribe of Indians yes no yes no no

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Delaware Nation, Oklahoma

 (formerly Delaware Tribe of

 Western Oklahoma)

yes yes no no no

Comanche Nation [formerly 

 the Comanche Indian Tribe

 (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes yes yes no no

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes no no

Chickasaw Nation no yes yes no no

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 29

Puyallup Tribal Council yes no yes yes no

Port Gamble Indian Community yes . . . no no yes

yes yes yes no yes

Nooksack Indian Tribe of

 Washington

yes no yes no no

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nis-

 qually Reservation, Washington

yes no yes no no

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the

 Muckleshoot Reservation

 (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe yes no yes no no

Lummi Tribe yes no yes yes no

yes no yes no no

Lower Elwha Tribal Community 

 of the Lower Elwha Reservation

 (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community yes no yes yes no

Jamestown S’Klallam yes no no no yes

Hoh Indian Tribe yes no yes yes no

Cowlitz Indian Tribe yes no

no no yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the 

 Colville Reservation

yes no no no yes

Confederated Tribes of the

 Chehalis Reservation

yes no yes yes no

Confederated Tribes and Bands 

 of the Yakama Nation (formerly

 the Confederated Tribes and

 Bands of the Yakama Indian

 Nation of the Yakama

 Reservation)

Washington

yes no yes no no

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah 

 and Ouray Reservation, Utah

yes yes . . . . . . . . .

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar

 City Band of Paiutes, Kanosh

 Band of Paiutes, Koosharem

 Band of Paiutes, Indian Peaks

 Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits

 Band of Paiutes)

no yes . . . . . . . . .

Northwestern Band of Shoshoni

 Nation

no . . . . . . . . . . . .

Confederated Tribes of the

 Goshute 

Utah

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes no yes yes no

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no no . . . yes

yes no yes yes no

Alabama-Coushatta Tribes 

 of Texas

Texas

yes no yes no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South

 Dakota

yes no yes no no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe 

 of North and South Dakota

yes no yes no no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe 

 of the Lake Traverse

 Reservation, South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes no yes no no

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes no yes no no

yes yes yes no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the

 Lower Brule Reservation (South

 Dakota)

yes no yes no no

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe 

 of South Dakota

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no yes no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes yes no no

no no . . . . . . . . .

Catawba Indian Nation (also known

 as Catawba Tribe of South

 Carolina)

South Carolina

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
30 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

yes no yes no no

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone

 Tribe of the Wind River 

 Reservation (Wyoming)

Wyoming

no no . . . . . . . . .

Stockbridge Munsee Community,

 Wisconsin (previously known

 as the Stockbridge Munsee

 Community of Mohican Indians

 of Wisconsin)

yes no yes no no

St. Croix Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

no no yes . . . no

Sokaogon Chippewa Community,

 Wisconsin (previously known

 as the Sokaogon Chippewa

 Community of the Mole Lake

 Band of Chippewa Indians,

 Wisconsin)

yes no yes no no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin

yes no no no no

Oneida Tribe of Indians 

 of Wisconsin

yes no yes no no

Menominee Indian Tribe 

 of Wisconsin

yes . . . yes no no

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians

 of Wisconsin

yes no yes no no

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of

 Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

yes no no yes no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin

 (formerly the Wisconsin

 Winnebago Tribe)

yes no yes no no

Forest County Potawatomi

 Community, Wisconsin (previ- 

 ously Forest County Potawa-

 tomi Community of Wisconsin

 Potawatomi Indians)

yes no yes yes yes

Bad River Band Lake Superior

 Tribe of Chippewa Indians

 of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

yes no yes no no

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 

 of Washington

Tulalip Tribes yes no yes no yes

yes no yes no yes

Swinomish Indians of the Swino- 

 mish Reservation, Washington

yes yes yes no no

Suquamish Indian Tribe of 

 the Port Madison Reservation,

 Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe yes no yes yes yes

Squaxin Island Tribe yes no yes no no

Spokane Tribe yes no yes no no

Snoqualmie Tribe no no . . . . . . . . .

Skokomish Indian Tribe yes no no no 1

yes no yes no no

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the

 Shoalwater Bay Indian

 Reservation, Washington

yes yes yes yes yes

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe 

 of Washington

Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no no . . . . . . . . .

yes no yes no no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt

 Resevation, Washington

Intertribal court

system

Indigenous

methods and/or

Tribal courts forum

Availability of BIA 

Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR

Court) 

Operates

tribal justice

system

State Tribal name

Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 31

yes yes yes yes no

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the

 Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no no no no

yes yes yes yes no

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the

 Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no no no no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes no no no no

yes yes no no no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur

 D'Alene Reservation (Idaho)

Idaho

Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no no no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes no no no yes

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no no no no

Yurok Tribe yes no no no no

yes yes no no no

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and

 California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford

 Community, Stewart Community,

 and Washoe Ranches)

Hoopa Valley Tribe yes yes yes no no

yes no no no no

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona,

 California, and Nevada

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no yes no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the

 Chemehuevi Reservation

yes yes no no no

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission

 Indians of the Cabazon

 Reservation

California

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no no no no

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp yes no no no no

 Verde Indian Reservation

yes yes no no no

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the

 Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no no no no

Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes no no no

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes no

yes yes no no no

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian

 Community of the Salt River

 Reservation, Arizona

yes yes yes no no

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma

 Indian Reservation, California 

 and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes yes yes no no

Navajo Nation yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes no no no

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the

 Kaibab Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

yes yes yes no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Huala-

 pai Indian Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes yes yes yes no

yes yes no no no

Gila River Indian Community 

 of the Gila River Indian Reser-

 vation (Arizona)

yes yes no no no

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal

 Council

yes no no no no

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the

 Mericopa Indian Reservation

Arizona

yes yes no no no

Poarch Band of Creek Indians 

 of Alabama

Alabama

Peacemaking/

circle

sentencing

Wildlife

Juvenile court Family court conservation

General 

jurisdiction 

State Tribal name tribal court

Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002
32 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

yes no no yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — 

 Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

no no no yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe —

 Grand Portage Reservation

yes no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — 

 Fond du Lac Reservation

yes yes no yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois

 Forte Band of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes yes no yes no

no no no no no

Lower Sioux Indian Community in

 the State of Minnesota (previously

 listed as the Lower Sioux Indian

 Community of Minnesota

 Mdewakanton Sioux Indians 

 of the Lower Sioux Reservation)

Minnesota

yes yes yes yes no

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa

 Indians of Michigan

yes yes no no no

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe 

 of Michigan

yes yes yes yes no

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi

 Indians (previously listed as the

 Pokagon Band of Potawatomi

 Indians of Michigan)

yes no no no no

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa

 Indians, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Little Traverse Bay

 Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan

yes no no no yes

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Little River Band of Ottowa

 Indians of Michigan)

yes yes no no no

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa, Michigan

 (previously listed as Lac Vieux

 Desert Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

yes yes no no no

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community

 of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands

 of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse

 Reservation, Michigan)

yes no no no no

Hannahville Indian Community,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Hannahville Indian Community of

 Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians 

 of Michigan)

yes yes no yes no

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa 

 and Chippewa Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes no

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes no

yes no no no yes

Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head

 (Aquinnah)

Massachusetts

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes no no no

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana yes no no no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes yes no no

yes yes yes yes no

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri 

 in Kansas and Nebraska

yes no no no no

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians,

 Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band

 of Potawatomi Indians)

Peacemaking/

circle

sentencing

Wildlife

Juvenile court Family court conservation

General 

jurisdiction 

State Tribal name tribal court

Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 33

no no no no no

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the

 Yomba Reservation, Nevada

yes yes no no no

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the 

 Yerington Colony and Campbell

 Ranch, Nevada

Walker River Paiute Tribe yes no no no no

no no no no no

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone

 Indians of Nevada (Four constitu

 ent bands: Battle Mountain Band,

 Elko Band, South Fork Band, and

 Wells Band)

yes no no no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck

 Valley Reservation, Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no no no no

yes no no no no

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the

 Pyramid Lake Reservation

 (Nevada)

yes yes yes no no

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the

 Fallon Reservation and Colony,

 Nevada

yes no no no no

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the

 Moapa River Indian Reservation

 (Nevada)

yes yes yes no no

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the

 Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian yes no no no no

no no no no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shos-

 hone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt

 Indian Reservation (Nevada and

 Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes yes no

yes yes no no no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the

 Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes yes yes yes no

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska yes no no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes no no no no

Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Fort Belknap Indian Community 

 of the Fort Belknap Reservation 

 of Montana

yes yes yes no no

Confederated Salish and Kootenai

 Tribes of the Flathead

 Reservation (Montana)

yes no no no no

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky

 Boy’s Reservation

yes no yes no no

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet

 Indian Reservation of Montana

yes yes yes no yes

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort

 Peck Indian Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes yes yes yes

Upper Sioux Community of yes no no no no

 Minnesota

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux no no no no no

 Community of Minnesota

yes yes yes no no

Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians, Minnesota (previously

 known as the Red Lake Band of

 Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake

 Reservation, Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community yes no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — 

 White Earth Reservation

yes no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe —

 Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

Peacemaking/

circle

sentencing

Wildlife

Juvenile court Family court conservation

General 

jurisdiction 

State Tribal name tribal court

Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002
34 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

yes no no no no

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of

 Oklahoma

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes no no no no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no no no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes yes no no no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes yes yes no

Osage Tribe yes no no no no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes no no no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no

Kialegee Tribal Town yes no no no no

Kaw Nation yes no no no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no

Delaware Tribe of Indians yes no no no no

yes yes no no no

Comanche Nation [formerly the

 Comanche Indian Tribe

 (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes no no no no

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes no no no no

yes yes no no no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of

 Oklahoma

Cherokee Nation yes no no no no

yes no no no no

Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians

 of Oklahoma

Oklahoma

yes no no no no

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa

 Indians of North Dakota

yes yes yes yes no

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort

 Berthold Reservation, North

 Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes yes no no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no no no no

no no no no no

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians 

 of New York

New York Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no no

yes yes no no no

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation,

 New Mexico

Pueblo of Zia yes yes yes no no

Pueblo of Tesuque yes no no no no

Pueblo of Taos yes no no no yes

Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes yes no no

Pueblo of Santa Clara yes yes yes no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana yes no no no no

Pueblo of Sandia yes no no no no

Pueblo of San Juan yes no no no no

Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no no no no

Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Picuris yes no no no no

Pueblo of Nambe yes no no no no

Pueblo of Laguna yes no yes no no

Pueblo of Jemez yes yes no no no

Pueblo of Isleta yes no no no no Pueblo of Cochiti no no no no no

Pueblo of Acoma yes no no no no

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes no

yes no no no no

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico

 (formerly the Jicarilla Apache

 Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache

 Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

Peacemaking/

circle

sentencing

Wildlife

Juvenile court Family court conservation

General 

jurisdiction 

State Tribal name tribal court

Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 35

Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes yes no

yes no no no no

Nooksack Indian Tribe of

 Washington

yes no no no no

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the

 Nisqually Reservation,

 Washington

yes no no no no

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the

 Muckleshoot Reservation

 (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe yes yes no no no

Lummi Tribe yes no no no no

yes no no no no

Lower Elwha Tribal Community of

 the Lower Elwha Reservation

 (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community yes no no no yes

Jamestown S’Klallam no no no yes no

Hoh Indian Tribe yes no no no no

yes yes yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the Colville

 Reservation

yes yes yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis 

 Reservation

yes yes yes yes no

Confederated Tribes and Bands 

 of the Yakama Nation (formerly

 the Confederated Tribes and

 Bands of the Yakama Indian

 Nation of the Yakama

 Reservation)

Washington

yes yes yes no no

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah 

 and Ouray Reservation, Utah

yes no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Goshute

 Reservation

Utah

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes yes no no no

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas yes no no no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no no no no

no yes yes no no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North

 and South Dakota

yes no no no no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe 

 of the Lake Traverse Reservation,

 South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes no

yes no no no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower

 Brule Reservation (South Dakota)

yes no no no no

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe 

 of South Dakota

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no no no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes no no no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes no no no no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes no no no no

yes no no no no

Confederated Tribes of Warm

 Springs Reservation of Oregon

yes no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla

 Indian Reservation

yes no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz

 Reservation

yes no no no no

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower

 Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians

yes yes yes no no

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde

 Community of Oregon

yes no no no no

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns

 Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Peacemaking

/circle

sentencing

Wildlife

Juvenile court Family court conservation

General 

jurisdiction 

State Tribal name tribal court

Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002
36 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

yes yes no no no

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe 

 of the Wind River Reservation

 (Wyoming)

Wyoming

yes yes yes yes yes

Stockbridge Munsee Community,

 Wisconsin (previously known as

 the Stockbridge Munsee 

 Community of Mohican Indians 

 of Wisconsin)

yes no no no no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no no yes no

yes no no no no

Menominee Indian Tribe of

 Wisconsin

yes yes yes yes no

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians of

 Wisconsin

yes no no no no

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians of

 Wisconsin

yes no no no no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin

 (formerly the Wisconsin 

 Winnebago Tribe)

yes no no no no

Forest County Potawatomi 

 Community, Wisconsin

 (previously Forest County

 Potawatomi Community of

 Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians)

yes no yes yes yes

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe

 of Chippewa Indians of the Bad

 River Reservation

Wisconsin

yes yes yes yes no

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of

 Washington

Tulalip Tribes yes no yes yes no

yes no no no no

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish

 Reservation, Washington

yes no no no no

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port

 Madison Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes yes yes no

Squaxin Island Tribe yes no no no no

Spokane Tribe yes yes no no no

Skokomish Indian Tribe yes yes no no no

yes no no no no

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the 

 Shoalwater Bay Indian

 Reservation, Washington

yes yes yes yes yes

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of

 Washington

yes no no no no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt

 Resevation, Washington

yes no no no no

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete

 Resevation, Washington

Puyallup Tribal Council yes no no no yes

Peacemaking/

circle

sentencing

Wildlife

Juvenile court Family court conservation

General 

jurisdiction 

State Tribal name tribal court

Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 37

0 0 0 0 0 0

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians,

 Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band 

 of Potawatomi Indians)

1 3 1 1 0 0

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the 

 Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska 1 0 1 0 0 0

3 0 3 2 0 0

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort

 Hall Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho 1 0 1 0 0 0

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho 1 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 1 1 0 0

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur

 D'Alene Reservation (Idaho)

Idaho

Mohegan Indian Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe 1 0 0 0 0 0

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute

 Mountain Reservation, Colorado,

 New Mexico, and Utah

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe 2 0 1 1 0 0

Yurok Tribe 0 0 0 0 2 0

1 0 1 3 0 0

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and 

 California (Carson Colony, Dressler-

 ville Colony, Woodsford Community,

 Stewart Community, and Washoe

 Ranches)

Hoopa Valley Tribe 1 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 0

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona,

 California, and Nevada

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the

 Chemehuevi Reservation

2 0 1 0 1 0

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission

 Indians of the Cabazon Reservation

California

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 2 1 0 0

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp

 Verde Indian Reservation

0 0 0 0 0 0

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the

 Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona 1 0 1 0 0 4

Tohono O'odham Nation 5 0 6 5 1 0

San Carlos Apache Tribe 5 3 2 1 0 0

6 0 5 4 1 0

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian

 Community of the Salt River 

 Reservation, Arizona

1 0 0 0 0 0

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma

 Indian Reservation, California 

 and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council 3 3 2 2 0 0

Navajo Nation 15 3 22 5 8 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the

 Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona)

2 0 2 0 0 0

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai

 Indian Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe 4 1 3 4 2 0

5 0 0 0 0 0

Gila River Indian Community of the

 Gila River Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council 3 0 3 2 0 0

2 0 1 1 0 0

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the

 Mericopa Indian Reservation

Arizona

0 0 0 0 0 0

Poarch Band of Creek Indians 

 of Alabama

Alabama

Peacemakers

Staff 

attorneys

Public

 Prosecutors defenders

Appellate court

judges

Tribal court

State Tribal name judges

Number of full-time personnel

Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working 

in the tribal justice system, 2002 
38 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Prairie Island Indian Community 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 3 1 0 1 1

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White

 Earth Reservation

1 0 3 6 1 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille

 Lacs Band of Ojibwe

0 0 1 0 0 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech

 Lake Band of Ojibwe

0 0 0 0 0 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand

 Portage Reservation

0 0 0 0 0 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond 

 du Lac Reservation

1 0 1 1 0 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois

 Forte Band of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe 1 3 1 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 2 0

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the

 State of Minnesota (previously listed

 as the Lower Sioux Indian Commu-

 nity of Minnesota Mdewakanton

 Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux

 Reservation

Minnesota

Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians

1 0 1 1 0 0

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa

 Indians of Michigan

2 3 1 0 1 0

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe 

 of Michigan

0 0 0 0 0 0

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians 

 (previously listed as the Pokagon

 Band of Potawatomi Indians of

 Michigan)

0 0 0 0 2 0

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa

 Indians, Michigan (previously 

 listed as the Little Traverse Bay

 Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan)

0 0 1 0 0 1

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Little River Band of Ottowa Indians

 of Michigan)

1 0 1 1 0 0

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa, Michigan 

 (previously listed as Lac Vieux

 Desert Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

2 0 2 1 0 0

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community,

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community 

 of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of

 Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse

 Reservation, Michigan)

0 0 0 0 2 0

Hannahville Indian Community, 

 Michigan (previously listed as the

 Hannahville Indian Community of

 Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians 

 of Michigan)

1 1 1 0 0 1

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head

 (Aquinnah)

Massachusetts

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe 1 0 0 0 0 0

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana 1 3 1 0 0 0

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana 1 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 0

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in

 Kansas and Nebraska

Peacemakers

Staff 

attorneys

Public

 Prosecutors defenders

Appellate court

judegs

Tribal court

State Tribal name judges

Number of full-time personnel 

Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working

in the tribal justice system, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 39

Pueblo of Isleta 2 0 1 1 0 0

Pueblo of Cochiti 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Acoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mescalero Apache Tribe 3 0 1 0 0 0

2 0 1 1 0 0

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico

 (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe

 of the Jicarilla Apache Indian

 Reservation)

New Mexico

0 0 0 0 0 0

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba

 Reservation, Nevada

1 0 1 0 0 0

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the 

 Yerington Colony and Campbell

 Ranch, Nevada

Walker River Paiute Tribe 0 0 0 0 1 5

0 0 0 0 0 0

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone

 Indians of Nevada (Four constituent

 bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko

 Band, South Fork Band, and Wells

 Band)

1 0 1 0 0 0

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck

 Valley Reservation, Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the

 Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada)

0 0 0 0 0 0

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon

 Reservation and Colony, Nevada

0 0 0 0 0 0

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the

 Moapa River Indian Reservation

 (Nevada)

1 0 1 0 1 0

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock

 Indian Colony, Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian 0 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 0

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone

 Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian

 Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 0 0

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the

 Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska 1 0 1 1 0 0

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska 0 0 1 1 0 0

Northern Cheyenne Tribe 2 0 1 0 0 0

2 0 1 1 0 0

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the

 Fort Belknap Reservation of

 Montana

4 0 2 4 6 0

Confederated Salish and Kootenai

 Tribes of the Flathead

 Reservation (Montana)

3 1 1 0 0 0

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky

 Boy’s Reservation

2 1 2 2 0 0

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian

 Reservation of Montana

4 0 3 0 1 0

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort

 Peck Indian Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians 4 1 0 1 1 1

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 1 1 2 0

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux

 Community of Minnesota

4 4 3 1 0 0

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians,

 Minnesota (previously known as the

 Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians

 of the Red Lake Reservation,

 Minnesota)

Peacemakers

Staff 

attorneys

Public

 Prosecutors defenders

Appellate court

jjudges

Tribal court

State Tribal name judges

Number of full-time personnel 

Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working 

in the tribal justice system, 2002
40 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0

Coquille Tribe of Oregon 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 0 3 0 2 0

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs

 Reservation of Oregon

1 0 1 1 0 0

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla

 Indian Reservation

0 0 0 0 1 0

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz

 Reservation

0 0 0 0 1 0

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower

 Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians

0 0 0 0 5 0

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde

 Community of Oregon

0 0 0 0 0 0

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute

 Indian Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0

Osage Tribe 1 0 1 1 0 0

Muscogee (Creek) Nation 0 0 1 0 0 0

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kialegee Tribal Town 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kaw Nation 0 0 0 0 0 0

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Delaware Tribe of Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Comanche Nation [formerly the

 Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation 0 0 0 0 0 0

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma 3 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes 

 of Oklahoma

Cherokee Nation 0 0 0 0 5 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians

 of Oklahoma

Oklahoma

3 0 1 1 0 0

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa

 Indians of North Dakota

2 0 1 0 0 0

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort

 Berthold Reservation, North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota 2 0 1 0 0 0

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians 3 3 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians 

 of New York

New York Onondaga Nation of New York 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Zia 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Tesuque 1 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Taos 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Santo Domingo 2 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Santa Clara 1 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Santa Ana 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Sandia 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pueblo of San Juan 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of San Ildefonso 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Picuris 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Nambe 1 0 0 0 0 0

Pueblo of Laguna 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pueblo of Jemez 0 0 0 0 0 0

Peacemakers

Staff 

attorneys

Public

 Prosecutors defenders

Appellate court

judges

Tribal court

State Tribal name judges

Number of full-time personnel 

Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working 

in the tribal justice system, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 41

Squaxin Island Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spokane Tribe 0 0 1 1 1 0

Skokomish Indian Tribe 0 0 1 0 0 5

0 0 0 0 0 0

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the 

 Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation,

 Washington

0 0 0 0 0 1

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of

 Washington

1 0 0 0 1 0

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt 

 Reservation, Washington

1 0 0 0 0 0

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete 

 Reservation, Washington

Puyallup Tribal Council 2 0 2 0 0 0

Port Gamble Indian Community 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington 0 0 1 0 0 0

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually 0 0 0 0 1 0

 Reservation, Washington

0 0 0 0 0 0

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the

 Muckleshoot Reservation 

 (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe 1 0 1 1 0 0

Lummi Tribe 1 0 1 2 6 0

1 0 0 0 0 0

Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the

 Lower Elwha Reservation 

 (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jamestown S’Klallam 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hoh Indian Tribe 1 0 0 0 0 0

3 0 3 2 3 0

Confederated Tribes of the Colville

 Reservation

1 3 1 0 0 0

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis

 Reservation

3 0 2 2 0 0

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the

 Yakama Nation (formerly the 

 Confederated Tribes and Bands 

 of the Yakama Indian Nation of the

 Yakama Reservation)

Washington

0 0 2 0 0 0

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and 

 Ouray Reservation, Utah

0 0 0 0 0 0

Confederated Tribes of the Goshute

 Reservation

Utah

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo 0 0 0 0 0 0

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas 0 0 0 0 0 0

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota 1 0 1 0 0 0

2 0 1 0 0 0

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North

 and South Dakota

0 0 0 1 0 0

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the

 Lake Traverse Reservation, 

 South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe 3 6 3 2 0 0

Oglala Sioux Tribe 3 4 4 30 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 0

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower

 Brule Reservation (South Dakota)

0 0 0 0 0 0

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of 

 South Dakota

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe 3 0 3 2 0 0

Peacemakers

Staff 

attorneys

Public

 Prosecutors defenders

Appellate court

judges

Tribal court

State Tribal name judges

Number of full-time personnel 

Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working 

in the tribal justice system, 2002
42 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . . Not reported or applicable.

3 0 1 0 0 0

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe 

 of the Wind River Reservation

 (Wyoming)

Wyoming

0 0 0 0 0 0

`Stockbridge Munsee Community,

 Wisconsin (previously known as the

 Stockbridge Munsee Community of

 Mohican Indians of Wisconsin)

1 0 1 0 1 0

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin 0 3 0 0 1 0

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin 2 1 2 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 0

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians of

 Wisconsin

0 0 0 0 1 0

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians of

 Wisconsin

2 0 0 1 1 0

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin

 (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago

 Tribe)

1 0 1 0 2 0

Forest County Potawatomi

 Community, Wisconsin (previously

 Forest County Potawatomi 

 Community of Wisconsin 

 Potawatomi Indians)

0 0 0 0 0 0

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of

 Chippewa Indians of the Bad River

 Reservation

Wisconsin

1 1 1 0 0 0

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of

 Washington

Tulalip Tribes 1 0 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish

 Reservation, Washington

1 0 1 0 3 0

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port

 Madison Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

Peacemakers

Staff 

attorneys

Public

 Prosecutors defenders

Appellate court

judges

Tribal court

State Tribal name judges

Number of full-time personnel 

Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working 

in the tribal justice system, 2002 
Sentencing, sanctions and

supervision

Criminal sentencing in tribal courts is

generally limited to a maximum of 1

year of imprisonment and a $5,000 fine

or both [25 U.S.C § 1302(7)(3)]. By

constitution, some tribes further restrict

the types of sentences imposed in their

respective courts. 

 

Detention in Indian country

The detention of offenders for offenses

that occur in Indian country varies by

crime, the State’s P.L. 280 status, and

the existence of a tribal jail. In 2002

nearly 68% (212) of the tribes were

provided detention services from a

local county government (table 8). 

About 23% (71) of all tribes provided

their own detention function. Among

the 175 tribes that had their own tribal

courts, an estimated 35% (62) had

detention facilities for persons who

committed offenses on the reservation.

Adult intermediate sanctions

Intermediate sanctions include restitution, reconciliation, substance abuse

programs, community service, counseling, fines, and other types of sentences

without incarceration. In 2002 slightly

less than half of all tribes provided

some intermediate sanctions against

adults for criminal violations in Indian

country (table 9). 

Over two-fifths of 314 tribes participating in the census provided monetary

fines without incarceration; counseling

or therapy; alcohol rehabilitation; some

type of community service; drug

rehabilitation; restitution without incarceration; and victim-offender reconciliation. 

The provision of intermediate sanctions

for adults varied by the type of justice

forum operating in the tribal jurisdiction.

The majority of the tribes with a justice

forum provided intermediate sanctions

to adults that included drug or alcohol

rehabilitation, counseling or therapy to

the offender, and some type of community service.

For the 175 tribes operating their own

tribal courts, 84% provided monetary

fines without incarceration; 79%,

counseling or therapy; 79%, alcohol

rehabilitation; 78%, some type of

community service; 74%, drug rehabilitation; 74%, restitution without incarceration; and 22%, victim-offender

reconciliation for adults. 

 

Juvenile intermediate sanctions

Out of 314 participating tribes, 45%

provided counseling or therapy; 44%,

alcohol rehabilitation; 44%, monetary

fines without incarceration; 43%, some

type of community service; 41%, drug

rehabilitation; 36%, restitution without

incarceration; and 12%, victim-offender

reconciliation for juveniles. As with the

adults, a majority of the tribes operating

a tribal court provided intermediate

sanctions to juveniles that included

drug or alcohol rehabilitation, counseling or therapy to the offender, and

some type of community service.

Among the 175 tribes operating their

own tribal courts, about 75% provided

counseling or therapy; 74%, alcohol

rehabilitation; 73%, some type of

community service; 71%, monetary

fines without incarceration; 70%, drug

rehabilitation; 62%, restitution without

incarceration; and 21%, victim-offender

reconciliation for juvenile offenders.

Probation

Probation in Indian country, similar to

that imposed by Federal and State

courts, is a part of the sentencing

process providing an alternative to

imprisonment by allowing a convicted

offender to stay in the community,

usually under conditions and the supervision of a probation officer. A violation

of the probation terms can lead to its

revocation and to imprisonment. 

Forty-one percent of all tribes (314) 

maintained a probation function for

adults (not shown in table). Thirty-nine

percent provided probation for

juveniles. The provision of probation for

adults and juveniles varied slightly by

the type of justice system. Among the

175 tribes operating their own tribal

courts, about 70% offered probation to

adults, and 66% to juveniles. 

Residential programs

In 2002 less than 10% of all tribes

(314) reported having their own juvenile

residential facility (not shown in table).

For juveniles who had committed

offenses on tribal land, tribes were

more likely to use the residential facilities of the local county or non-tribal

agencies than the facilities of another

tribe. About 41% indicated the use of a

county facility or that of a non-tribal

agency to place juveniles; about 17%

used the residential facility of another

tribe.

On the 175 reservations with a tribal

court system, about 13% had their own

juvenile residential facility. Approximately 26% of the tribes with their own

tribal court system used the juvenile

residential facilities of another tribe,

and 68% placed juveniles in county or

non-tribal agency facilities.

For an indepth analysis of correctional

facilities on reservations, see BJS

Bulletin, Jails in Indian Country, 2003,

(NCJ 208597) at <http://www.ojp.

usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/abstract/jic03.htm>.

Corrections

 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 43
44 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Elk Valley Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur 

 Bank Rancheria (California)

Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no yes yes no

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no yes no

Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no no yes no

Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no no yes no

Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad

 Rancheria

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation yes no no no yes no

Cedarville Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of

 California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long)

 Group

Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no no no no yes no

no no no no no no

California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the

 Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of

 California)

Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no no no yes no

Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no yes no no no

no no no no yes no

Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian

 Community of the Colusa Rancheria

no no no yes no no

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Cabazon Reservation

Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians no no no no yes no

Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California no no no no yes no

Blue Lake Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley

 Rancheria

Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no no no no

no no no no yes no

Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone 

 Indians of the Big Pine Reservation

Big Lagoon Rancheria no no no yes no no

Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no yes no

Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no no no no yes no

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no no no yes no

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no no no yes no

yes no no no yes no

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian

 Reservation

no no yes no no no

White Mountain Apache Tribe 

of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no no no yes no

Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes no no no

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no yes no no no

no no yes no no no

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt

 River Reservation, Arizona

no no no no yes no

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation,

 California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council no no yes no no no

Navajo Nation no no yes no no no

no no no no no no

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes no no no no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes no no no no no

no no yes no no no

Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council no no no no yes no

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no no no no yes no

no no yes no no no

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian

 Reservation

Arizona

Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no no no yes no

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 45

no no no no yes no

Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa 

 Rancheria, California

no no no no yes no

Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the 

 Santa Rosa Reservation, California

no no no yes yes yes

San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the 

 San Manuel Reservation, California

Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no no yes no

Round Valley Reservation no no no no yes no

Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon

 Reservation, California

Resighini Rancheria no no no no yes no

Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

Redding Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no yes no no

Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of California

Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout

 Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring

 Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch)

Pinoleville Rancheria Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the

 Pechanga Reservation (California)

no no no no yes no

Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma 

 and Yuima Reservation (California)

Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala 

 Reservation, California

Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no no no

Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

Mesa Grande Band of Diejueno Mission Indians no no no no yes no

no no no no no no

Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the

 Manzanita Reservation (California)

no no no yes yes no

Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the 

 Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria (California)

Lytton Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California

no no no no yes no

La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the 

 La Posta Indian Reservation (California)

La Jolla Band of Luiseno Missions Indians no no no no yes no

Karuk Tribe of California no no no no yes no

Jamul Indian Village no no no no yes no

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no yes no yes no

Ione Band of Miwok Indians no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja 

 and Cosmit Reservation (California)

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no no yes no

Hoopa Valley Tribe no no no no no no

Guideville Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waikai 

 Indians of California

Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no no no no yes no

Graton Rancheria no no no no yes no

yes no yes yes yes no

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, 

 and Nevada

no no no no yes no

Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians 

 of the Fort Independence Reservation (California)

no no no no yes no

Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell 

 Reservation of California

Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no yes no

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions 

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
46 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Penobscot Tribe of Maine no no no yes yes no

Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no no yes yes no

Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no no yes yes no

Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no no no no no no

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no no yes no

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no no no yes no

Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no no yes yes no

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no yes no no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no no no yes yes no

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska no no yes no yes no

no no yes yes yes no

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly 

 the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)

no no yes no yes no

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation 

 in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska no no no no yes no

no no yes no no no

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation 

 of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho no yes no no yes no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no yes no yes yes no

no yes yes yes yes no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation

 (Idaho)

Idaho

Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no no yes yes no

no no no no yes no

Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton,

 Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations

Florida

Mohegan Indian Tribe no no no yes no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no no no no no

yes no no no no no

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation,

 Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe no no yes no no no

Yurok Tribe no no yes no yes no

yes no no no yes no

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart

 Community, and Washoe Ranches)

no no no no yes yes

Upper LakeBand of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake 

 Rancheria of California

no no no no yes no

United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria

 of California

Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne

 Rancheria of California

Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of California

Table Mountain Rancheria no no yes no yes no

Table Bluff Reservation - Wiyot Tribe, California no no no yes yes no

Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no no no no yes no

Susanville Indian Rancheria no no no no yes no

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no no no yes no no

Smith River Rancheria no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs

 Rancheria, California

Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no

no no no no no no

Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the

 Santa Ysabel Reservation, California

no no no no yes no

Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the

 Santa Ynez Reservation, California

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 47

. . . yes no no no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort

 McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes no no no no no

no no no no yes no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater 

 Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no no yes no yes no

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska no no no no yes no

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no no yes yes no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no yes no no no

Northern Cheyenne Tribe yes no no no no no

no no yes no yes no

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap

 Reservation of Montana

no no yes no no no

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the 

 Flathead Reservation (Montana)

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation no no yes no no no

yes no yes no no no

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation 

 of Montana

no no no no no no

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian 

 Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians no no yes no no no

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no yes yes no

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no no yes no

no no no no no no

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota 

 (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community no no no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - White Earth Reservation no no no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe no no no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Grand Portage Reservation no no no no yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Fond du Lac Reservation no no no yes yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no no no no yes no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no no no yes no

no no no yes yes no

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota

 (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community

 of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower

 Sioux Reservation)

Minnesota

Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no yes no

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no no yes yes no

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as

 the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan)

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands

 Odawa Indians of Michigan)

no no no yes yes no

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians 

 of Michigan)

no no yes no no no

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, 

 Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band 

 of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

no no no no yes no

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of

 L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians 

 of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan)

Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no no no yes no

Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously no no no no yes no

 listed as the Hannahville Indian Community 

 of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan)

yes yes yes no yes no

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians 

 of Michigan

Michigan

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
48 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no no no yes no

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no no

Chickasaw Nation no no no no yes no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes no

Cherokee Nation no no yes no no no

Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no no

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no no

Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) no no no no yes no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no yes yes no

yes no no no no no

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North

 Dakota

yes no no no no no

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation,

 North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no no no no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no yes no yes yes no

Tuscarora Nation no no no no yes no

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York no no no yes no no

Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no yes no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no no no no no

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico no no yes no no no

Pueblo of Zia no no no yes yes no

Pueblo of Tesuque no no no no yes no

Pueblo of Taos no no yes no yes no

Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes no no no yes no

Pueblo of Santa Clara no no no no no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana no no no yes yes no

Pueblo of Sandia no yes yes yes yes no

Pueblo of San Juan no no yes no no no

Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no yes no yes no

Pueblo of San Felipe yes no no no no no

Pueblo of Pojoaque no no no no yes no

Pueblo of Picuris yes yes no no no no

Pueblo of Nambe yes no no no yes no

Pueblo of Laguna no no yes yes yes no

Pueblo of Jemez yes no no no yes no

Pueblo of Isleta no no no no yes no

Pueblo of Cochiti yes no no no no no

Pueblo of Acoma no no yes no yes no

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no no no no no

no no yes no no no

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla

 Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

yes no no no yes no

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation,

 Nevada

yes no no no yes no

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony 

 and Campbell Ranch, Nevada

Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no no no no yes no

Walker River Paiute Tribe no no yes no no no

yes no no no yes no

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada

 (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko

 Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band)

Summit Lake Paiute Tribe yes no no no no no

yes no no no no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation,

 Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake 

 Reservation (Nevada)

no no yes no no no

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation 

 and Colony, Nevada

yes no no yes no no

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River

 Indian Reservation (Nevada)

no no no no yes no

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony,

 Nevada

Las Vegas Paiute Tribe yes no no no yes no

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 49

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no yes no no no

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no no no no yes no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no yes yes no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no yes no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no no no no no

no no yes no no no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse

 Reservation, South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no

Oglala Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no

yes no no no no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule 

 Reservation (South Dakota)

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no yes no

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no

no no no no yes no

Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe 

 of South Carolina)

South Carolina

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island no no yes yes no no

Klamath Indian Tribe no no no yes yes no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no yes no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no no no yes no

no no yes no no no

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation 

 of Oregon

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation no no no no yes no

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and 

 Siuslaw Indians

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon no no no yes yes no

no no no no yes no

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian 

 Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, 

 and Tawakonie)

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town yes yes no no no no

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Quapaw Tribe Indian yes no no no yes no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no yes no no no

Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no no no no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no yes no no no

Osage Tribe no no yes no yes no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no no no yes no

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no

Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Kialegee Tribal Town no no yes no no no

Kaw Nation no no no no yes no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes no no no

Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no no

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Delaware Tribe of Indians yes yes no yes no no

yes no no no no no

Delaware Nation, Oklahoma [formerly Delaware 

 Tribe of Western Oklahoma]

no no yes no yes no

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian 

 Tribe (Oklahoma)]

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
50 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

no no no no yes no

Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the

 Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indinas, Wisconsin)

no no no no yes no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no no yes yes no

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no yes no no no

no no no no yes no

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no yes yes no

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no yes yes no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the 

 Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)

no no no no yes no

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin 

 (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community 

 of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians)

no yes no yes yes no

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa 

 Indians of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no no yes no no no

Tulalip Tribes no yes yes no yes no

no no yes no yes no

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation,

 Washington

no no yes no no no

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison 

 Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe no no yes no yes no

Squaxin Island Tribe no no no no no no

Spokane Tribe yes no no no no no

Snoqualmie Tribe no no no no yes no

Skokomish Indian Tribe no no no no no no

no no yes no no no

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian 

 Reservation, Washington

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no yes no

Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no no no no no no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Resevation, Washington no no yes no no no

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Resevation, Washington no no no no yes no

Puyallup Tribal Council no no yes no no no

Port Gamble Indian Community no yes yes yes yes no

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no yes no

no no yes no no no

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation,

 Washington

no no no no yes no

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot 

 Reservation (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe no no yes no no no

Lummi Tribe no no no no yes no

no no no no yes no

Lower Elwha Tribal Community 

of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community yes no no no yes no

Jamestown S’Klallam no yes no yes yes yes

Hoh Indian Tribe no no yes no no no

Cowlitz Indian Tribe no no no yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation no no no no yes no

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation no no yes no no no

no no yes no no no

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation

 (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the

 Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation)

Washington

yes no no yes yes no

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray 

 Reservation, Utah

no no no no yes no

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes,

 Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes,

 Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band 

 of Paiutes)

Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no no no yes yes no

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation no no yes no no no

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 51

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

*Persons detained by the FBI are held at a Federal Bureau of Prison (BOP) facility.

Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation yes no no no no no

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) yes no no no no no

no no no yes yes no

Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of

 Mohican Indians of Wisconsin)

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes no

State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions

Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002
52 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no no no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes yes yes yes

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and no no no no yes

Nebraska

yes yes yes yes yes

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly

 the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)

yes yes yes yes yes

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation 

 in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation

 of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes yes yes yes yes

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes yes no yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation

 (Idaho)

Idaho

Mohegan Indian Tribe no no no no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Yurok Tribe no no no no no

yes yes no yes yes

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart

 Community, and Washoe Ranches)

Hoopa Valley Tribe no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, 

 and Nevada

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no

no no no no no

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi

 Reservation

yes no yes no yes

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the

 Cabazon Reservation

California

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian

 Reservation

yes yes yes yes yes

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache 

 Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes yes yes yes yes

Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes yes yes yes

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

no yes yes yes yes

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the 

 Salt River Reservation, Arizona

no yes yes yes yes

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation,

 California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes yes yes yes yes

Navajo Nation yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes yes yes yes yes

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation yes yes yes yes yes

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona

yes yes yes yes yes

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian

 Reservation

Arizona

Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes yes yes yes

Fine without

incarceration

Counseling/

therapy

Community

service

Alcohol 

rehabilitation

Drug

State Tribal name rehabilitation

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing

Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

 
 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 53

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes yes yes yes yes

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation 

 of Nebraska

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes yes no no yes

Northern Cheyenne Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap

 Reservation of Montana

no yes yes yes yes

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead

 Reservation(Montana)

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation 

 of Montana

yes yes yes yes yes

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian 

 Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes yes yes yes

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no no no

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no yes yes no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota 

 (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community no yes no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no no no yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band 

 of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no yes

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of 

 Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian

 Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians

 of the Lower Sioux Reserva

Minnesota

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes yes yes yes

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed

 as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians 

 of Michigan)

no no yes no no

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , Michigan

 (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands

 Odawa Indians of Michigan

yes yes yes no yes

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan 

 (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa

 Indians of Michigan)

yes yes yes yes yes

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa,

 Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band

 of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

yes yes yes yes yes

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community 

 of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians

 of the L'Anse Reservation, Mi

yes yes yes yes yes

Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Hannahville Indian Community 

 of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan)

yes yes no no yes

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa 

 Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes yes

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes yes

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes yes yes yes yes

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no yes yes yes

Fine without

incarceration

Counseling/

therapy

Community

service

Alcohol

rehabiliation

Drug

State Tribal name rehabilitation

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing 

Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

 
54 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

yes yes yes yes yes

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians 

 of North Dakota

yes yes yes yes yes

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold 

 Reservation, North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes yes no no yes

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes yes yes yes yes

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York no yes yes yes yes

New York Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no no

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Zia no yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Tesuque yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Taos yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Santa Clara yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Santa Ana yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Sandia yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of San Juan yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of San Felipe

Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Picuris yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Nambe yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Laguna yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Jemez yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Isleta yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Cochiti yes yes yes yes yes

Pueblo of Acoma yes yes yes yes yes

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla

 Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian

 Reservation)

New Mexico

yes yes yes yes yes

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation,

 Nevada

yes yes yes yes yes

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony 

 and Campbell Ranch, Nevada

Walker River Paiute Tribe yes yes no yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada

 (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, 

 Elko Band, South Fork Band and Wells Band)

no no no no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley 

 Reservation, Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake 

 Reservation (Nevada)

yes yes yes yes yes

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation 

 and Colony, Nevada

yes yes yes yes yes

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River 

 Indian Reservation (Nevada)

yes yes yes yes yes

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony,

 Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no yes

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort

 McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater 

 Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Fine without

incarceration

Counseling/

therapy

Community

service

Alcohol

rehabilitation

Drug

State Tribal name rehabilitation

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing 

Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

 
 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 55

Kalispel Indian Community yes yes yes yes yes

Jamestown S’Klallam yes yes no yes no

Hoh Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes yes yes yes yes

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation

 (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the

 Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation)

Washington

yes yes yes yes yes

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray 

 Reservation, Utah

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes yes yes yes yes

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes yes yes yes no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes yes yes yes no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota no yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse

 Reservation, South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes yes no yes yes

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule 

 Reservation (South Dakota)

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no yes yes yes yes

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no yes yes yes yes

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation 

 of Oregon

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation yes yes yes yes no

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no no

no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua 

 and Siuslaw Indians

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community

 of Oregon

yes yes yes yes yes

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian 

 Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no yes no yes

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no yes yes yes yes

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes yes yes no

Osage Tribe no no yes yes yes

Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes yes yes yes yes

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes

Kialegee Tribal Town no no no yes no

Kaw Nation no no no yes yes

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes

Delaware Tribe of Indians no no no no yes

no no yes no no

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian 

 Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes yes yes yes yes

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes

Chickasaw Nation

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma yes yes yes no yes

Cherokee Nation yes yes yes yes yes

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes

Fine without

incarceration

Counseling/

therapy

Community

service

Alcohol 

rehabilitation

Drug

State Tribal name rehabilitation

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing 

Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

 
56 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . . Not reported or applicable.

Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation yes yes no no yes

yes yes no no yes

Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation

 (Wyoming)

Wyoming

no no yes yes yes

Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community 

 of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin)

yes yes no no no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin yes yes yes yes yes

no no no yes yes

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no no no

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no no no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the 

 Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)

no no no no no

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin

 (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community 

 of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians)

yes yes yes yes yes

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa

 Indians of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes

Tulalip Tribes yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation,

 Washington

yes yes yes yes yes

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison 

 Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Squaxin Island Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Spokane Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Skokomish Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay 

 Indian Reservation, Washington

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes

Samish Indian Tribe, Washington

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Resevation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Resevation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes

Puyallup Tribal Council yes yes yes yes yes

Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes yes no

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation,

 Washington

yes no no yes no

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot 

 Reservation (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Lummi Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

yes yes yes yes yes

Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower 

 Elwha Reservation (Washington State)

Fine without

incarceration

Counseling/

therapy

Community

service

Alcohol

rehabilitation

Drug

State Tribal name rehabilitation

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing 

Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing

 
Collection and sharing of data 

for criminal justice statistics

Tribes differ in their access to State

and national record systems, in how

they measure incidents of crime, and 

in how they integrate and share criminal justice information. 

The National Crime Information Center

Operated by the FBI, the National

Crime Information Center (NCIC) is a

computerized index of criminal justice

information (for example, files on criminal history, fugitives, stolen property,

and missing persons). Data indexed by

NCIC are provided by the Federal,

State, local, and foreign criminal justice

agencies and by authorized courts.

NCIC is available to law enforcement

agencies 365 days a year. 

About 55% of the tribes had access to

NCIC (table 10). Seventy-two percent

of tribes did not submit criminal history

records to the State or Federal repositories. Almost 18% (55) of the tribes

reported submitting criminal history

records to a State and 17% to the FBI.

National Sex Offender Registry

The FBI's National Sex Offender

Registry (NSOR) is a network of State

sex offender registries across the

United States. Initially each State registry was responsible for registering and

tracking the movements of sex offenders within its jurisdiction. However,

when registered offenders moved from

one State to another, individual States

could not track them.

The Lychner Act of 1996 imposed two

major obligations on the FBI effective

October 3, 1997: 

1. To establish a national database at

the FBI to track each person convicted

of a criminal offense against a minor or

of a sexually violent offense.

2. To register and verify the addresses

of sex offenders who reside in States

that do not have a "minimally sufficient"

sex offender registry program.

For most offenders, address verification is yearly, but for those who have

been designated as a sexually violent

predator, address verification is

required every 90 days. (For a detailed

discussion of the NSOR, see

<http://www.fbi.gov>.)

In 2002, 54 tribes (18%) reported they

submit offender information to the

NSOR (table 11). 

Number and types of crime 

 

Nearly 70% (213) of the tribes recorded

the number and types of criminal

incidents occurring in their jurisdiction.

The method of tribal recording of crime

on the reservations was manual (29%),

electronic (24%), or both (47%).

Among all tribes with a tribal justice

system, there was an average of 784

criminal cases and 523 civil cases filed

during the prior calendar year. The

Navajo reservation had the largest

number of criminal (31,057) and civil

(46,876) cases filed during 2001. 

The tribal justice agencies reported that

the majority of the criminal and civil

offenses filed in the last calendar year

were against American Indians.

However, on average 5 criminal and 

44 civil cases involved a non-Indian

defendant in the prior calendar year.

The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe 

of Michigan reported the largest

number of criminal (500) and civil

(1,500) cases filed against non-Indian

defendants during 2001. 

Integrated justice information systems

An integrated criminal justice information system uses technology to allow

the seamless sharing of information at

critical decision points throughout the

justice system. In many tribes today,

integration efforts are under way to link

tribal agencies not only to State and

Federal record systems but also to

other tribal agencies.

The information shared can include all

criminal justice related data, such as

photographs, fingerprints, DNA identification records, case records, court

calendars, electronic messages, and

documents. Integration allows a single

agency — like a tribal police department, a prosecutor’s office, a court, or

a corrections program — to distribute

information among its own personnel

and to share that information with multiple justice agencies. 

In 2002 less than 10% (27) of the tribes

reported their justice agencies were

electronically networked with other

justice agencies on the reservation

(table 12). About 12% (36) of the tribes

indicated justice agencies in the tribe

were electronically networked with

justice agencies outside the tribe.

About 12 tribes reported they routinely

shared crime statistics with neighboring

local governments; 14, with the State

government; and 13, with the FBI (table

13). Tribes were least likely to report

routinely sharing crime statistics 

with other tribes (6). 

 

 

 

Criminal history records

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 57
58 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California yes yes no

Elk Valley Rancheria no yes yes

no no yes

Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur

 Bank Rancheria (California)

Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no

Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California yes yes no

Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no

Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

no no no

Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad

 Rancheria

yes no no

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi

 Reservation

Cedarville Rancheria no no no

no no no

Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of

 California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long)

 Group

Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians yes no yes

no no no

California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the

 Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of

 California)

Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no no

Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no no

yes no no

Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa

 Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria

no no no

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the

 Cabazon Reservation

Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians no no no

Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California yes no no

Blue Lake Rancheria yes no no

yes no no

Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley

 Rancheria

Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no

no no no

Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians

 of the Big Pine Reservation

Big Lagoon Rancheria no no no

Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no

Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no no no

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no no

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no yes

yes no no

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian

 Reservation

yes yes yes

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache 

 Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no no

Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no no

yes no no

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt

 River Reservation, Arizona

yes yes no

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation,

 California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council . . . . . . . . .

Navajo Nation yes yes yes

no no no

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe yes yes yes

yes no no

Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation yes no no

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no no no

yes no no

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian

 Reservation

Arizona

Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes no

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002 
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 59

no no no

Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians 

 of California

yes no no

Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the

 Santa Ysabel Reservation, California

no no no

Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the

 Santa Ynez Reservation, California

no no no

Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa

 Rancheria, California

no no no

Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the

 Santa Rosa Reservation, California

no no no

San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians 

 of the San Manuel Reservation, California

Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no

Round Valley Reservation no no no

Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

no no no

Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon

 Reservation, California

Resighini Rancheria no no no

Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no yes no

Redding Rancheria yes no yes

no no no

Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians

 of California

Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

no no no

Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout

 Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring

 Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch)

Pinoleville Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no no no

no no no

Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the

 Pechanga Reservation (California)

no no no

Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma

 and Yuima Reservation (California)

Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no no no

no no no

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala

 Reservation, California

Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no

Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no no no

no no no

Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians 

 of the Manzanita Reservation (California)

. . . no no

Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the

 Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria (California)

Lytton Rancheria yes no no

no no no

Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California

no no no

La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the

 La Posta Indian Reservation (California)

La Jolla Band of Luiseno Missions Indians no no no

Karuk Tribe of California no yes no

Jamul Indian Village no no no

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no no

Ione Band of Miwok Indians yes no no

no no no

Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja 

 and Cosmit Reservation (California)

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no

Hoopa Valley Tribe no no yes

Guideville Rancheria no no no

no no no

Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waika

 Indians of California

Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no no yes

Graton Rancheria no no no

yes no no

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California,

 and Nevada

no no no

Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians

 of the Fort Independence Reservation (California)

no yes no

Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell 

 Reservation of California

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002
60 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

yes no no

Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of 

 Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan)

yes yes no

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa 

 Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes yes

Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes no

Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no no

Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no no no

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes no

Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no no

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no yes no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes no

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes no no

yes no no

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly

 the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)

yes yes no

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation 

 in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no no

yes no no

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation

 of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes no no

yes no no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation

 (Idaho)

Idaho

Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no yes

yes yes no

Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton,

 Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations

Florida

Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes no no

no no no

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation,

 Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no no

Yurok Tribe yes no no

yes yes yes

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart

 Community, and Washoe Ranches)

no no no

Upper LakeBand of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake

 Rancheria of California

no no yes

United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn 

 Rancheria of California

Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no no no

no no no

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne

 Rancheria of California

Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation yes no no

no no no

Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians

 of California

Table Mountain Rancheria no no no

Table Bluff Reservation and Wiyot Tribe, California . . . no no

Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no no no

Susanville Indian Rancheria no no no

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians yes no yes

Smith River Rancheria no no no

no no no

Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, 

 Shingle Springs Rancheria, California

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 61

yes no no

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony,

 Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes no no

yes no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort

 McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes

yes no no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater 

 Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes yes no

no no no

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation 

 of Nebraska

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes

Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no no

no yes no

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap

 Reservation of Montana

yes yes yes

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead

 Reservation (Montana)

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy's Reservation yes no no

yes no no

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation 

 of Montana

yes no no

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian 

 Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes no no

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no no yes

no no no

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota 

 (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation yes yes yes

no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band 

 of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no no

no yes yes

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota

 (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community

 of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the 

 Lower Sioux Reservation

Minnesota

Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes no no

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes no

yes yes yes

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed

 as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians 

 of Michigan)

. . . no no

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi

 Indians

yes no yes

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , Michigan

 (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands

 Odawa Indians of Michigan)

yes no no

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians 

 of Michigan)

yes no no

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa,

 Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band 

 of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

yes no yes

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of

 L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians 

 of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan)

Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no no

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2005
62 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

no no no

Delaware Nation, Oklahoma (formerly Delaware Tribe 

 of Western Oklahoma)

yes no no

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian 

 Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes no no

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes no no

Chickasaw Nation yes yes no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no no

Cherokee Nation yes no no

Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no no

Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) yes no no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no

yes no no

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North

 Dakota

yes no yes

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation,

 North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no no

Tuscarora Nation yes no no

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes yes no

Onondaga Nation of New York yes no no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no no

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes no yes

Pueblo of Zia no no no

Pueblo of Tesuque yes no no

Pueblo of Taos yes no yes

Pueblo of Santo Domingo no no no

Pueblo of Santa Clara yes no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana yes no no

Pueblo of Sandia yes yes yes

Pueblo of San Juan no no no

Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no no

Pueblo of San Felipe no no no

Pueblo of Pojoaque yes no yes

Pueblo of Picuris no no no

Pueblo of Nambe no no no

Pueblo of Laguna yes no no

Pueblo of Jemez no no no

Pueblo of Isleta yes no no

Pueblo of Cochiti no no no

Pueblo of Acoma yes no no

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no yes

yes no no

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla

 Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

no no no

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation,

 Nevada

yes no no

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and

 Campbell Ranch, Nevada

Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no no yes

Walker River Paiute Tribe yes yes no

yes no no

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada

 (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko

 Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band)

no no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation,

 Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no no

yes no no

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake 

 Reservation (Nevada)

yes no no

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation 

 and Colony, Nevada

yes no yes

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River 

 Indian Reservation (Nevada)

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 63

no no yes

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation,

 Utah

yes no no

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes,

 Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes,

 Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits

 Band of Paiutes)

Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no no no

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes no yes

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes no yes

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas yes yes no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no yes

yes no no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse

 Reservation, South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes no yes

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes no yes

no no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation

 (South Dakota)

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes no no

no no no

Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe

 of South Carolina)

South Carolina

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe no no no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes yes no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes no no

yes no yes

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation 

 of Oregon

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no yes no

no no no

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, 

 and Siuslaw Indians

. . . . . . . . .

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community 

 of Oregon

yes yes yes

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony 

 of Oregon

Oregon

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

yes no no

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, 

 and Tawakonie)

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no no no

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes no no

Quapaw Tribal Business Committee yes yes no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no

Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes no no

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes no yes

Osage Tribe yes yes no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes no no

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

Klamath Indian Tribe no no no

Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no

Kialegee Tribal Town no no no

Kaw Nation yes no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes yes

Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no

Delaware Tribe of Indians yes no no

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002
64 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

yes no no

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River

 Reservation (Wyoming)

Wyoming

yes no no

Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of

 Mohican Indians of Wisconsin)

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes yes no

no no no

Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously

 known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the

 Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indinas, Wisconsin)

no no no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin yes yes no

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no yes no

yes no no

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin

 Winnebago Tribe)

no no no

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin

 (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community 

 of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians)

yes yes no

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa

 Indians of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes no no

Tulalip Tribes yes no no

yes no no

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation,

 Washington

yes no no

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison

 Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe yes no yes

Squaxin Island Tribe yes no no

Spokane Tribe no no no

Snoqualmie Tribe no no no

Skokomish Indian Tribe yes no no

yes no no

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian

 Reservation, Washington

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes no

Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no yes no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation, Washington yes no yes

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation, Washington yes no no

Puyallup Tribal Council yes no no

Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes no no

yes no no

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation,

 Washington

no no no

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot 

 Reservation (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe yes no no

Lummi Tribe yes yes yes

yes no yes

Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha

 Reservation (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community no no no

Jamestown S'Klallam Tribal Council no no no

Hoh Indian Tribe yes no no

Cowlitz Indian Tribe no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes no no

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes no no

yes no no

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation

 (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the

 Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation)

Washington

State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI

Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to:

Access to National

Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 65

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Big Pine Band of Owens Valley

 Paiute Shoshone Indians 

 of the Big Pine Reservation

Big Lagoon Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bear River Band of Rohnerville

 Rancheria

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer 40 0 27 0

database

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe no yes

270 0 74 14

Computer

yes yes database

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the

 Camp Verde Indian

 Reservation

. . . yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

White Mountain Apache Tribe

 of the Fort Apache 

 Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona no no . . . 20 0 7 1

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

computer

database

Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes

3,512 0 4,131 39

Computer

San Carlos Apache Tribe no yes database

825 0 216 110

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Salt River Pima-Maricopa

 Indian Community of the 

 Salt River Reservation,

 Arizona

6 0 73 25

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Quechan Tribe of the Fort

 Yuma Indian Reservation,

 California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council . . . yes . . . 289 0 159 78

Manually 31,057 0 46,876 0

and

computer

database

Navajo Nation yes yes

no yes Manually 100 0 280 0

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians

 of the Kaibab Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

yes yes Manually 400 0 40 0

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the

 Hualapai Indian Reservation

 (Arizona)

Manually 1,609 0 259 . . .

and

computer

database

Hopi Tribe no yes

no yes Manually 1,450 0 534 . . .

Gila River Indian Community 

 of the Gila River Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

131 0 63 . . .

Computer

no yes database

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal

 Council

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

197 15 216 15

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Ak-Chin Indian Community 

 of Mericopa Indian

 Reservation

Arizona

no yes Manually 27 0 41 3

Poarch Band of Creek Indians

 of Alabama

Alabama

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
66 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fort Bidwell Indian Community

 of the Fort Bidwell 

 Reservation of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians of California

Elk Valley Rancheria yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Elem Indian Colony of Pomo

 Indians of the Sulphur Bank

 Rancheria (California)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo

 Indians

yes yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cortina Indian Rancheria of

 Wintun Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cold Springs Rancheria of

 Mono Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cher-Ae Heights Indian

 Community of the Trinidad

 Rancheria

yes no . . . 0 0 . . . . . .

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the

 Chemehuevi Reservation

Cedarville Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Capitan Grande Band of 

 Diegeuno Mission Indians of

 California; Barona Group and

 the Viejas (Baron Long)

 Group

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Campo Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians 

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California Valley Miwok Tribe,

 California (formerly the

 Sheep Ranch Rancheria of

 Me-Wuk Indians of

 California)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cahuilla Band of Mission

 Indians

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cahto Indian Tribe of the

 Laytonville Rancheria

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun

 Indians of the Colusa Indian

 Community of the Colusa

 Rancheria

0 0 200 199

Manually

and

computer

database

. . . yes

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of the

 Cabazon Reservation

. . . . . . . . . . . . Buena Vista Rancheria of no no . . .

 Me-Wuk 

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony

 of California

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . and

computer

database

Blue Lake Rancheria no yes . . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Big Valley Band of Pomo 

 Indians of the Big Valley

 Rancheria

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 67

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the

 Lone Pine Community

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission

 Indians of the Pala 

 Reservation, California

. . . . . . . . . . . . no yes Manually

Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians of California

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Middletown Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Mesa Grande Band of Mission

 Indians

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Manzanita Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians of the

 Manzanita Reservation

 (California)

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Manchester Band of Pomo

 Indians of the Manchester-

 Point Arena Rancheria

 (California)

. . . . . . . . . . . . Lytton Rancheria no no . . .

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of the Los

 Coyotes Reservation,

 California

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

La Posta Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians of the La

 Posta Indian Reservation

 (California)

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

La Jolla Band of Luiseno

 Indians

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

Karuk Tribe of California yes yes database

. . . . . . . . . . . . Jamul Indian Village no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk

 Indians of California

. . . . . . . . . . . . Ione Band of Miwok Indians no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission

 Indians of the Inaja and

 Cosmit Reservation

 (California)

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . and

computer

database

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians yes

Manually 3 0 60 10

and

computer

database

Hoopa Valley Tribe yes yes

Guideville Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Grindstone Indian Rancheria 

 of Wintun-Waikai Indians 

 of California

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Greenville Rancheria of Maidu

 Indians

. . . . . . . . . . . . Graton Rancheria no no . . .

116 0 680 516

Computer

yes yes database

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of

 Arizona, California, and

 Nevada

. . . . . . . . . . . . no no . . .

Fort Independence Indian

 Community of Paiute Indians

 of the Fort Independence

 Reservation (California)

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
68 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Sycuan Band of Diegueno

 Mission Indians of California

Susanville Indian Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smith River Rancheria yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shingle Springs Band of Miwok

 Indians, Shingle Springs

 Rancheria, California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sherwood Valley Rancheria 

 of Pomo Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno 

Mission Indians of the Santa

 Ysabel Reservation, California

yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Santa Ynez Band of Chumash

 Mission Indians of the Santa

 Ynez Reservation, California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Santa Rosa Indian Community

 of the Santa Rosa Rancheria,

 California

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla

 Mission Indians of the Santa

 Rosa Reservation, California

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

San Manuel Band of Serrano

 Mission Indians of the San

 Manuel Reservation,

 California

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Rumsey Indian Rancheria of

 Wintun Indians of California

Round Valley Reservation no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Robinson Rancheria of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rincon Band of Luiseno

 Mission Indians of the Rincon

 Reservation, California

Resighini Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Redwood Valley Rancheria 

 of Pomo Indians of California

Redding Rancheria no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ramona Band or Village of

 Cahuilla Mission Indians of

 California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Potter Valley Rancheria of

 Pomo Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pit River Tribe (includes Big

 Bend Rancheria, Lookout

 Rancheria, Montgomery

 Creek Rancheria, Roaring

 Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pinoleville Reservation of Pomo

 Indians of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Picayune Rancheria of

 Chukchansi Indians

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Pechanga Band of Luiseno

 Mission Indians of the

 Pechanga Reservation

 (California)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pauma Band of Luiseno

 Mission Indians of the

 Pauma and Yuima 

 Reservation (California)

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

Information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number 

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 69

. .

.

. .

.

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no no . . . . . . . . .

468 0 284 56

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the

 Coeur D'Alene Reservation

 (Idaho)

Idaho

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Sac and Fox Tribe of 

 Mississippi in Iowa

Iowa

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Seminole Tribe of Florida,

 Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton,

 Hollywood, and Tampa

 Reservations

Florida

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

Mohegan Indian Tribe no yes database

Manually 14 0 84 2

and

computer

database

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no yes

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . no yes

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute

 Mountain Reservation,

 Colorado, New Mexico and

 Utah

Manually 444 0 311 0

and

computer

database

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe no yes

Yurok Tribe no no . . . 0 0 3 0

250 0 150 . . .

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and

 California (Carson Colony,

 Dresslerville Colony, Woods-

 ford Community, Stewart

 Community, and Washoe

 Ranches)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Upper Lake Band of Pomo

 Indians of Upper Lake 

 Rancheria of California

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

United Auburn Indian 

 Community of the Auburn

 Rancheria of California

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Twenty-Nine Palms Band of

 Mission Indians of California

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk

 Indians of the Toulumne

 Rancheria of California

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tule River Indian Tribe of the

 Tule River Reservation

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Torres-Martinez Band of

 Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of California

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

computer

database

Table Mountain Rancheria no yes

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table Bluff Reservation 

 — Wiyot Tribe, California

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
70 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

279 0 34 34

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Hannahville Indian Community,

 Michigan (previously listed as

 the Hannahville Indian

 Community of Wisconsin

 Potawatomie Indians 

 of Michigan)

48 10 0 0

Computer

no yes database

Grand Traverse Band of 

 Ottawa and Chippewa Indians

 of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine no yes 121 0 72 41

Manually 83 0 25 3

and

computer

database

Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Houlton Band of Maliseet

 Indians

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aroostook Band of Micmac

 Indians of Maine

Maine

0 0 0 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head

 (Aquinnah)

Massachusetts

Manually 2 0 50 3

and

computer

database

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes

Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually 2 0 490 231

and

computer

database

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no yes

Manually 7 0 99 73

and

computer

database

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no yes

2 0 33 23

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri 

 in Kansas and Nebraska

5 1 47 33

Computer

no yes database

Prairie Band of Potawatomi

 Indians, Kansas (formerly 

 the Prairie Band of 

 Potawatomi Indians)

no yes Manually 20 0 66 10

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of 

 the Kickapoo Reservation 

 in Kansas

10 7 11 3

Manually

and

computer

database

. . . yes

Iowa Tribe of Kansas and

 Nebraska

Kansas

no yes Manually 2,500 . . . 394 49

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of

 the Fort Hall Reservation 

 of Idaho

Manually 296 0 0 0

and

computer

database

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes yes

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 71

no no . . . 0 0 0 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe —

 Grand Portage Reservation

50 0 20 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — 

 Fond du Lac Reservation

350 0 50 5

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe —

 Bois Forte Band of Chippewa

Manually 350 0 50 5

and

computer

database

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes yes

0 0 0 0

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Lower Sioux Indian Community

 in the State of Minnesota

 (previously listed as the

 Lower Sioux Indian Com-

 munity of Minnesota

 Mdewakanton Sioux Indians

 of the Lower Sioux

 Reservation)

Minnesota

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scotts Valley Band of Pomo

 Indians

112 0 425 89

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan

609 500 1,655 1,500

Computer

yes yes database

Saginaw Chippewa Indian 

 Tribe of Michigan

0 0 0 0

Computer

yes yes database

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi

 Indians (previously listed as

 the Pokagon Band of

 Potawatomi Indians of

 Michigan)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . no

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish

 Band of Pottawatomi Indians

7 0 25 5

Computer

no yes database

Little Traverse Bay Bands of

 Odawa Indians, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Little

 Traverse Bay Bands Odawa

 Indians of Michigan)

3 0 145 40

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Little River Band of Ottowa

 Indians, Michigan (previously

 listed as the Little River Band

 of Ottowa Indians of

 Michigan)

51 0 175 85

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa, Michigan

 (previously listed as Lac

 Vieux Desert Band of Lake

 Superior Chippewa Indians 

 of Michigan)

255 0 46 0

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Keweenaw Bay Indian 

 Community, Michigan (pre-

 viously listed as the Kewee-

 naw Bay Indian Community

 of L'Anse and Ontonagon

 Bands of Chippewa Indians

 of the L'Anse Reservation,

 Michigan)

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
72 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no yes Manually 25 0 30 15

22 0 13 2

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe 

 of the Duckwater Reservation

 (Nevada)

Nevada

Manually 30 0 0 0

and

computer

database

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no yes

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

yes yes database

Santee Sioux Tribe of the

 Santee Reservation of

 Nebraska

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no 0 0 17 8

Computer 2,000 0 1,300 1

database

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no yes

Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no 2,000 0 400 0

2,804 0 292 34

Computer

no yes database

Fort Belknap Indian Community

 of the Fort Belknap 

 Reservation of Montana

2,000 0 400 133

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Confederated Salish and

 Kootenai Tribes of the

 Flathead Reservation

 (Montana)

1,400 0 30 30

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Chippewa Cree Indians of

 Rocky Boy’s Reservation

no yes Manually 7,795 100 406 200

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet

 Indian Reservation of

 Montana

3,036 0 943 250

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes 

 of Fort Peck Indian 

 Reservation, Montana

Montana

yes yes Manually 1,873 0 1,000 85

Mississippi Band of Choctaw

 Indians

Mississippi

no yes Manually 0 0 27 11

Upper Sioux Community 

 of Minnesota

yes no . . . 0 0 25 5

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux

 Community of Minnesota

2,996 0 582 0

Computer

no yes database

Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians, Minnesota 

 (previously known as the 

 Red Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indians of the Red Lake

 Reservation, Minnesota)

0 0 15 1

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Prairie Island Indian Community

 of Minnesota

498 10

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe —

 White Earth Reservation

710 0 600 0

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — 

Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

no no . . . 0 0 20 0

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe —

 Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 73

Manually 1,075 0 200

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Isleta no yes

Manually 90 0 1

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Cochiti no yes

Manually 655 0 83

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Acoma no yes

Computer 2,500 0 600

database

Mescalero Apache Tribe no yes

1,200 2 1,400

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New

 Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla

 Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla

 Apache Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

0 0 5 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the

 Yomba Reservation, Nevada

200 0 12 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the

 Yerington Colony and

 Campbell Ranch, Nevada

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Winnemucca Indian Colony 

 of Nevada

Computer . . . . . . . . . . . .

database

Walker River Paiute Tribe no yes

no yes Manually 83 1 87 3

Te-Moak Tribe of Western

 Shoshone Indians of Nevada

 (Four constituent bands:

 Battle Mountain Band, Elko

 Band, South Fork Band, and

 Wells Band)

Summit Lake Paiute Tribe no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no yes Manually 156 0 92 20

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the

 Duck Valley Reservation,

 Nevada

Computer 274 0 . . . 41

database

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no yes

220 . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of

 the Pyramid Lake 

 Reservation (Nevada)

0 0 0 0

Computer

yes yes database

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the

 Fallon Reservation and

 Colony, Nevada

no yes Manually 100 0 40 20

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians

 of the Moapa River Indian

 Reservation (Nevada)

6 0 8 0

Computer

no yes database

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the

 Lovelock Indian Colony,

 Nevada

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute

 Indians

47 0 37 0

Computer

no yes database

Fort McDermitt Paiute and

 Shoshone Tribes of the Fort

 McDermitt Indian Reserva-

 tion (Nevada and Oregon)

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
74 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

. .

.

. .

.

Computer 800 0

database

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota no yes

. .

.

. .

. 1,800 6

Computer

yes yes database

Eastern Band of Cherokee 

 Indians

North Carolina

Tuscarora Nation no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 0 109 3

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

St. Regis Band of Mohawk

 Indians of New York

Onondaga Nation of New York no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,131 0 340 200

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni 

 Reservation, New Mexico

Manually 200 0 4 0

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Zia no yes

Manually 32 0 60 35

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Tesuque no yes

Manually 162 0 322 80

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Taos yes yes

Manually 540 0 20 30

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes

Manually . . . 517 2 63

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Santa Clara no yes

Manually . . . 150 0 150

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Santa Ana no yes

Manually . . . 40 0 18

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Sandia no yes

Pueblo of San Juan no yes Manually . . . 55 5 17

Pueblo of San Ildefonso no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pueblo of San Felipe no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually . . . 200 0 100

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes

Pueblo of Picuris no yes Manually . . . 15 0 10

Pueblo of Nambe no yes Manually . . . 22 0 700

Manually . . . 950 0 500

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Laguna no yes

Manually . . . 375 0 110

and

computer

database

Pueblo of Jemez no yes

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 75

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Peoria Tribe of Indians of

 Oklahoma

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no yes Manually 31 no . . . 45

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 36

.

Manually 19 no

and

computer

database

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no yes

. . 20

.

Computer 27 no

database

Osage Tribe no yes

Manually 43 yes 69 25

and

computer

database

Muscogee (Creek) Nation no yes

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually 10 yes 38 10

Kialegee Tribal Town no no 0 no 0 0

Kaw Nation no yes Manually 1 no 30 0

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually 2 no 5 1

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fort Sill Apache Tribe of

 Oklahoma

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eastern Shawnee Tribe 

 of Oklahoma

Delaware Tribe of Indians no no . . . 0 0 1 0

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware Nation, Oklahoma

 ([formerly Delaware Tribe 

 of Western Oklahoma)

50 25 0 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Comanche Nation [formerly the

 Comanche Indian Tribe

 (Oklahoma)]

Manually 9 0 28 24

and

computer

database

Citizen Potawatomi Nation no yes

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no yes Manually 13 0 1 0

Chickasaw Nation no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes 

 of Oklahoma

Cherokee Nation no yes Manually 65 0 80 7

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Caddo Indian Tribe of

 Oklahoma

Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama-Quassarte Tribal

 Town (Oklahoma)

13 0 33 5

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Absentee- Shawnee Tribe 

 of Indians of Oklahoma

Oklahoma

4,800 0 . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Turtle Mountain Band of

 Chippewa Indians of 

 North Dakota

1,777 0 . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Three Affiliated Tribes of the

 Fort Berthold Reservation,

 North Dakota

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
76 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Manually 1,800 . . . 350 . . .

and

computer

database

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes yes

Manually 7,511 0 1,628 100

and

computer

database

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no yes

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Catawba Indian Nation 

 (also known as Catawba 

 Tribe of South Carolina)

South Carolina

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Narrangansett Indian Tribe 

 of Rhode Island

Rhode Island

Klamath Indian Tribe no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 0 12 75

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua

 Indians

519 0 307 0

Manually

and

computer

database

yes yes

Confederated Tribes of Warm

 Springs Reservation 

 of Oregon

132 . . . 56 5

Computer

no yes database

Confederated Tribes of the

 Umatilla Indian Reservation

no yes Manually 0 0 200 99

Confederated Tribes of the

 Siletz Reservation

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Confederated Tribes of Coos,

 Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw

 Indians

. . . no . . . 0 0 85 25

Confederated Tribes Grand

Ronde Community of Oregon

197 0 252 138

Computer

no yes database

Burns Paiute Tribe of the 

 Burns Paiute Indian Colony 

 of Oregon

Oregon

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

computer

database

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes

 (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and

 Tawakonie)

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of

 Oklahoma

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

no yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of

 Oklahoma

Computer . . . . . . . . . . . .

database

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no yes

34 no 44 20

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Sac and Fox Nation of

 Oklahoma

no yes Manually

Quapaw Tribal Business

 Committee

no yes Manually 50 yes 55 15

Ponca Tribe of Indians of

 Oklahoma

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 77

Cowlitz Indian Tribe no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Confederated Tribes of the

 Colville Reservation

100 0 158 91

Computer

no yes database

Confederated Tribes of the

 Chehalis Reservation

3,500 25 1,500 10

Manually

and

computer

no yes database

Confederated Tribes and Bands

 of the Yakama Nation 

 (formerly the Confederated

 Tribes and Bands of the

 Yakama Indian Nation of the

 Yakama Reservation)

Washington

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah

 and Ouray Reservation, Utah

no no . . . . . . . . . 338 29

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah

 (Cedar City Band of Paiutes,

 Kanosh Band of Paiutes, 

 Koosharem Band of Paiutes,

 Indian Peaks Band of

 Paiutes, and Shivwits Band

 of Paiutes)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northwestern Band of Shoshoni

 Nation

Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

and

computer

database

Confederated Tribes of the yes yes

 Goshute Reservation

Utah

Manually 2 0 15 0

and

computer

database

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no yes

no yes Manually 0 0 206 142

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe 

 of Texas

no yes Manually . . . . . . 0 0

Alabama-Coushatta Tribes 

 of Texas

Texas

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South

 Dakota

2,683 0 966 0

Computer

yes yes database

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of

 North and South Dakota

3,000 0 2,000 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux 

 Tribe of the Lake Traverse

 Reservation, South Dakota

Manually 1,752 0 539 5

and

computer

database

Rosebud Sioux Tribe no yes

Manually 2,000 0 0 0

and

computer

database

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes

yes yes Manually . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the

 Lower Brule Reservation

 (South Dakota)

no yes Manually 72 0 100 20

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe

 of South Dakota

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
78 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

18 2 . . . 4

Computer

yes yes database

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe 

 of Washington

Computer 156 0 . . . 229

database

Tulalip Tribes no yes

200 0 . . . 360

Computer

no yes database

Swinomish Indians of the

 Swinomish Reservation,

 Washington

81 . . . . . . 393

Computer

no yes database

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the 

 Port Madison Reservation,

 Washington

Manually 120 0 35

and

computer

database

Stillaguamish Tribe no yes

Squaxin Island Tribe no yes Manually 100 0 150 75

Spokane Tribe no yes Manually 1,000 0 200 50

Snoqualmie Tribe yes no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Skokomish Indian Tribe no yes Manually 0 0 0 0

25 0 100 60

Computer

no yes database

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the

 Shoalwater Bay Indian Reser-

 vation, Washington

16 47 7 3

Computer

yes yes database

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of

 Washington

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Samish Indian Tribe,

 Washington

252 0 131 1

Computer

no yes database

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt

 Resevation, Washington

no yes Manually 190 0 4 0

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete

 Resevation, Washington

Computer 245 0 451 60

database

Puyallup Tribal Council no yes

Port Gamble Indian Community no yes Manually 121 52 90 52

10 0 38 0

Computer

no yes database

Nooksack Indian Tribe of

 Washington

. . . . . . 200 100

Manually

and

computer

database . . . yes

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the

 Nisqually Reservation,

 Washington

no yes Manually 0 0 73 5

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the

 Muckleshoot Reservation

 (Washington State)

Manually 500 10 200 50

and

computer

database

Makah Indian Tribe no yes

Manually 470 0 350 1

and

computer

database

Lummi Tribe no yes

yes no . . . 120 0 35 5

Lower Elwha Tribal Community

 of the Lower Elwha Reserva-

 tion (Washington State)

Manually 39 0 132 75

and

computer

database

Kalispel Indian Community no yes

Jamestown S’Klallam no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manually 150 0 25

and

computer

database

Hoh Indian Tribe no yes

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 79

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

1,330 12 228 40

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe

 of the Wind River Reservation

 (Wyoming)

Wyoming

0 0 238 35

Computer

no yes database

Stockbridge Munsee 

 Community, Wisconsin 

 (previously known as the

 Stockbridge Munsee 

 Community of Mohican

 Indians of Wisconsin)

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

no yes database

St. Croix Chippewa Indians 

 of Wisconsin

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sokaogon Chippewa 

 Community, Wisconsin 

 (previously known as the

 Sokaogon Chippewa 

 Community of the Mole 

 Lake Band of Chippewa

 Indinas, Wisconsin)

0 0 230 5

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of

 Wisconsin

0 0 110 5

Computer

yes yes database

Oneida Tribe of Indians of

 Wisconsin

350 0 800 0

Manually

and

computer

database

no yes

Menominee Indian Tribe of

 Wisconsin

12 0 59 3

Computer

yes yes database

Lac du Flambeau Band of 

 Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no . . . 0 0 150 5

Lac Courte Oreilles Band 

 of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no yes Manually 1 0 211 . . .

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin

 (formerly the Wisconsin

 Winnebago Tribe)

no no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Forest County Potawatomi

 Community, Wisconsin 

 (previously Forest County

 Potawatomi Community of

 Wisconsin Potawatomi

 Indians)

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer

yes yes database

Bad River Band Lake Superior

 Tribe of Chippewa Indians 

 of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

Involved a 

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Involved a

non-Indian

defendant

Filed during

the last calendar year

Method of

recording

crimes

type of crime

incidents in tribal jurisdiction

National Sex 

Offender RegState Tribal name istry (NSOR)

information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number

Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002
80 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes no

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no yes

no yes

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas 

 and Nebraska

no no

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas

 (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi

 Indians)

no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo

 Reservation in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska no no

no no

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall

 Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho no no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no no

no no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene

 Reservation (Idaho)

Idaho

Mohegan Indian Tribe no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no

Yurok Tribe no no

no no

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California

 (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony,

 Woodsford Community, Stewart Community,

 and Washoe Ranches)

Hoopa Valley Tribe no yes

no no

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California,

 and Nevada

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no

no no

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi

 Reservation

yes no

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Cabazon Reservation

California

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe no no

no yes

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde

 Indian Reservation

no no

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort

 Apache Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes yes

Tohono O'odham Nation no no

San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes

no no

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community

 of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona

no no

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian 

 Reservation,California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council . . . . . .

Navajo Nation no no

no no

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab

 Indian Reservation (Arizona)

no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian

 Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe no no

no no

Gila River Indian Community of the Gila 

 River Indian Reservation (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council no no

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona . . . . . .

no no

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa

 Indian Reservation

Arizona

Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no

State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe

 Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies —

Table 12. Tribal justice agencies by whether electronically networked, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 81

no no

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s

 Reservation

no no

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian 

 Reservation of Montana

yes yes

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck

 Indian Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians no no

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no

no no

Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community 

 of Minnesota

no no

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, 

 Minnesota (previously known as the Red

 Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red

 Lake Reservation, Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community no no

no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth

 Reservation

no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band

 of Ojibwe

no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake

 Band of Ojibwe

no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage

 Reservation

no yes

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac

 Reservation

no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte 

 Band of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no

no no

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State 

 of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower

 Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota 

 Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower

 Sioux Reservation)

Minnesota

yes yes

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians 

 of Michigan

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes

no yes

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians 

 (previously listed as the Pokagon Band 

 of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan)

yes no

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians,

 Michigan (previously listed as the Little

 Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians 

 of Michigan)

no yes

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Little River Band of

 Ottowa Indians of Michigan)

no no

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as 

 Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan)

no no

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay

 Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon

 Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse

 Reservation, Michigan)

yes no

Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian

 Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie

 Indians of Michigan)

no no

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and

 Chippewa Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine no yes

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no

State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe

 Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies —

Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002
82 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

no yes

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians 

 of New York

Onondaga Nation of New York no no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York . . . . . .

Pueblo of Zia no no

Pueblo of Tesuque no no

Pueblo of Taos no no

Pueblo of Santo Domingo no no

Pueblo of Santa Clara no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana no no

Pueblo of Sandia no no

Pueblo of San Juan no no

Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes yes

Pueblo of Pojoaque no no

Pueblo of Picuris no no

Pueblo of Nambe no no

Pueblo of Laguna yes no

Pueblo of Jemez no no

Pueblo of Isleta no no

Pueblo of Cochiti no no

Pueblo of Acoma yes yes

Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no

no yes

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly

 the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla

 Apache Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

no no

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba 

 Reservation, Nevada

no no

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony

 and Campbell Ranch, Nevada

Walker River Paiute Tribe no yes

no yes

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians

 of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle

 Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork

 Band, and Wells Band)

no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley

 Reservation, Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no no

no no

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid

 Lake Reservation (Nevada)

no no

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon 

 Reservation and Colony, Nevada

no no

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa

 River Indian Reservation (Nevada)

no no

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian

 Colony, Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes yes

no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes 

 of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation

 (Nevada and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no no

no no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater

 Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no no

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no

Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no

no no

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort

 Belknap Reservation of Montana

Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no

no no

Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort

 Belknap Reservation of Montana

yes yes

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes 

 of the Flathead Reservation (Montana)

State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe

 Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies —

Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 83

no no

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray

 Reservation, Utah

no no

Confederated Tribes of the Goshute

 Reservation

Utah

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no

no no

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and 

 South Dakota

yes no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake

 Traverse Reservation, South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes no

Oglala Sioux Tribe yes no

no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule

 Reservation (South Dakota)

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no

no no

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs 

 Reservation of Oregon

no yes

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian

 Reservation

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no

no no

Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua,

 and Siuslaw Indians

no no

Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community

 of Oregon

no no

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian

 Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no

Osage Tribe no no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation no yes

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no

Kialegee Tribal Town no yes

Kaw Nation no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no

Delaware Tribe of Indians no no

no no

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche

 Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no

Cherokee Nation no no

no yes

Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians 

 of Oklahoma

Oklahoma

no no

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New

 Mexico

no no

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians 

 of North Dakota

no no

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold

 Reservation, North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no yes

State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe

 Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies —

Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002
84 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Note: States without tribal data are omitted.

. . . Not reported or applicable.

no no

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the

 Wind River Reservation (Wyoming)

Wyoming

no no

Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin

 (previously known as the Stockbridge

 Munsee Community of Mohican Indians 

 of Wisconsin)

no no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no

no no

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin

no no

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin

yes no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly

 the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)

no no

Forest County Potawatomi Community,

 Wisconsin (previously Forest County

 Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin

 Potawatomi Indians)

yes yes

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of

 Chippewa Indians of the Bad River 

 Reservation

Wisconsin

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no yes

Tulalip Tribes no no

yes yes

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish

 Reservation, Washington

no . . .

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison

 Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes

Squaxin Island Tribe no no

Spokane Tribe no no

Snoqualmie Tribe . . . . . .

Skokomish Indian Tribe no no

no no

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater 

 Bay Indian Reservation, Washington

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes

no no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation,

 Washington

no no

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation,

 Washington

Puyallup Tribal Council no yes

Port Gamble Indian Community no no

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no yes

yes no

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually 

 Reservation, Washington

no no

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot

 Reservation (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe no yes

Lummi Tribe yes no

no no

Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower

 Elwha Reservation (Washington State)

Kalispel Indian Community no no

Jamestown S'Klallam Tribal Council no no

Hoh Indian Tribe no no

yes yes

Confederated Tribes of the Colville

 Reservation

no yes

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis

 Reservation

no no

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the

 Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated

 Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian

 Nation of the Yakama Reservation)

Washington

State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe

 Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies —

Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 85

no no no no no

Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the

 Toulumne Rancheria of California

Table Mountain Rancheria no no no no no

no no no no no

Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians 

 of California

Susanville Indian Rancheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no no no no no

no no no no no

Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle

 Springs Rancheria, California

no no no no no

Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California

no no no no no

San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians 

 of the San Manuel Reservation, California

no no no no no

Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of

 California

Round Valley Reservation no no no no no

no no no no no

Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the

 Pechanga Reservation (California)

no no no no no

Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala

 Reservation, California

no no no no no

Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of

 California

no no no no no

Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians 

 of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California

Karuk Tribe of California no no no no no

Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no no no no

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no

Hoopa Valley Tribe no no yes yes no

no no no no no

Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, 

 and Nevada

Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no

no no no no no

Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of

 California

Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no no no no

no no no no no

Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the

 Cabazon Reservation

Blue Lake Rancheria no no no no no

no no no no no

Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley

 Rancheria

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no no no no

Yavapai-Prescott Tribe no no no no no

no no no no yes

Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian

 Reservation

no no no no no

White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache

 Reservation, Arizona

Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tohono O'odham Nation no no no no no

San Carlos Apache Tribe no no no no no

no no no no no

Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the

 Salt River Reservation, Arizona

no no no no no

Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian 

 Reservation, California and Arizona

Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navajo Nation no no no no no

no no no no no

Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab 

 Indian Reservation (Arizona)

no no no no no

Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian 

 Reservation (Arizona)

Hopi Tribe no no no no yes

no no no no no

Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River

 Indian Reservation (Arizona)

Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council no no no no no

Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no no no no no

no no no no no

Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa 

 Indian Reservation

Arizona

Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no no no no

FBI BIA

State

government

Local government (county 

State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal)

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics

Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002
86 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

no no no no . . .

Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Little River Band of

 Ottowa Indians of Michigan)

no no no no . . .

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior

 Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac

 Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Michigan)

no no no no . . .

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan

 (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian

 Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of

 Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, 

 Michigan)

no no no yes . . .

Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan 

 (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian

 Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians 

 of Michigan)

no no no no . . .

Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa

 Indians of Michigan

Michigan

Penobscot Tribe of Maine no yes yes yes . . .

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no no no . . .

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no no . . .

Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no no no . . .

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no no no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no no no no no

no no no no no

Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas 

 and Nebraska

no no no no no

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas

 (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)

no no no no yes

Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo 

 Reservation in Kansas

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska no no no no no

no no no no no

Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall 

 Reservation of Idaho

Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho no no no no no

Kootenai Tribe of Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no no no no no

Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene 

 Reservation (Idaho)

Idaho

Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no no no no

no no yes yes yes

Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress,

 Brighton, Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations

Florida

Mohegan Indian Tribe no no no no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no no no no

no no no no no

Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain 

 Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe no no no no no

no no no no yes

Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson

 Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford

 Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe

 Ranches)

no no no no no

United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn

 Rancheria of California

no no no no no

Twenty-nine Palms Band of Mission Indians 

 of California

FBI BIA

State

government

Local government (county 

State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal)

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics

Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 87

Summit Lake Paiute Tribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

no no no no no

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley 

 Reservation, Nevada

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no no no no no

no no no no no

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake

 Reservation (Nevada)

no no no no yes

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation

 and Colony, Nevada

no no no no no

Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River

 Indian Reservation (Nevada)

no no no no no

Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian

 Colony, Nevada

Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian no no no no no

no no no no no

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the

 Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada 

 and Oregon)

Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no no no no no

no no no no no

Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater

 Reservation (Nevada)

Nevada

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no

no no no no no

Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation 

 of Nebraska

Ponca Tribe of Nebraska

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no

no no no no no

Fort Belknap Indian Community

 of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana

no no yes no yes

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the

 Flathead Reservation (Montana)

no no no no no

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s

 Reservation

no no no no no

Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation

 of Montana

no no no no no

Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian

 Reservation, Montana

Montana

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians no no no no no

Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no yes no no no

yes no yes no yes

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota

 (previously known as the Red Lake Band of

 Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation,

 Minnesota)

Prairie Island Indian Community no no no no no

no no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth

 Reservation

no no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band 

 of Ojibwe

no no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac

 Reservation

no no no no no

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band 

 of Chippewa

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no no no no

no no no no no

Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of

 Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux

 Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton

 Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation)

Minnesota

no no no no no

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians 

 of Michigan

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan no no no no no

no no yes yes no

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously

 listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi

 Indians of Michigan)

no no no no . . .

Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians,

 Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse

 Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan)

FBI BIA

State

government

Local government (county 

State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal)

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics

Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002
88 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no

Quapaw Tribal Business Committee no no no no no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no no no yes

Osage Tribe no no no no no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no no no no

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Kaw Nation no no no no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

no no no no yes

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian

 Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no no no no

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no

Chickasaw Nation no no no no no

Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes

Cherokee Nation no no no no no

Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no

no no no no no

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians 

 of North Dakota

no no no yes yes

Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold 

 Reservation, North Dakota

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota no no no no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no no no no no

St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes no yes no no

Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico no no no no no

Pueblo of Zia no no no no no

Pueblo of Tesuque no no no no no

Pueblo of Taos no no no no no

Pueblo of Santo Domingo no no no no yes

Pueblo of Santa Clara no no no no no

Pueblo of Santa Ana no no no no no

Pueblo of Sandia no no no no no

Pueblo of San Juan no no no no no

Pueblo of Pojoaque no no no no no

Pueblo of Picuris no no no no no

Pueblo of Nambe no no no no no

Pueblo of Laguna no no no no no

Pueblo of Jemez no no no no no

Pueblo of Isleta no no no no no

Pueblo of Cochiti no no no no no

Pueblo of Acoma no no no no no

Mescalero Apache Tribe no no no no no

no no no no no

Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the 

 Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache

 Indian Reservation)

New Mexico

no no no no no

Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation,

 Nevada

no no no no no

Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony 

 and Campbell Ranch, Nevada

Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Walker River Paiute Tribe no no no no yes

no no no no yes

Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of

 Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain

 Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells

 Band)

FBI BIA

State

government

Local government (county 

State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal)

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics

Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 89

. . . no no no no

Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake

 Traverse Reservation, South Dakota

Rosebud Sioux Tribe . . . no no no no

Oglala Sioux Tribe . . . no no no no

. . . no no no no

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule 

 Reservation (South Dakota)

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota . . . no no no no

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe . . . no no yes no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no no no no

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe no no no no no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon no yes no yes yes

no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation

 of Oregon

no no no yes no

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian

 Reservation

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no no

no no no no no

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian

 Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

no no no no no

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi,

 Waco, and Tawakonie)

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no no no no no

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes

Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no

Quapaw Tribal Business Committee no no no no no

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no no no yes

Osage Tribe no no no no no

Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no no no no

Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Kaw Nation no no no no no

Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

no no no no yes

Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian

 Tribe (Oklahoma)]

Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no no no no

Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no no

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no yes no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no no no no

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island no no no no no

Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no

Coquille Tribe of Oregon no yes no yes yes

no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation

 of Oregon

no no no yes no

Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian

 Reservation

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no no

no no no no no

Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian

 Colony of Oregon

Oregon

Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

no no no no no

Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi,

 Waco, and Tawakonie)

Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no

Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no no no no no

Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no

FBI BIA

State

government

Local government (county 

State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal)

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics

Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002
90 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 

Note: States with no tribal data are omitted.

. . .Not reported or applicable.

no no no no yes

Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind

 River Reservation (Wyoming)

Wyoming

no yes no no no

Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin 

 (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee

 Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin)

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no no

no yes no no no

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians

 of Wisconsin

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no yes no no no

Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no no no no

no no no no no

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

 Indians of Wisconsin

no no no no no

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the

 Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe)

no yes yes yes no

Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa

 Indians of the Bad River Reservation

Wisconsin

Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no

Tulalip Tribes no no no no no

no no no no no

Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation,

 Washington

no no no no no

Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison

 Reservation, Washington

Stillaguamish Tribe no no no no no

Squaxin Island Tribe no no no no no

Spokane Tribe no no no no no

Skokomish Indian Tribe no no no no no

no no no no yes

Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian

 Reservation, Washington

Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes no yes

no no no no no

Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation,

 Washington

no no no no no

Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation,

 Washington

Puyallup Tribal Council no no no no no

Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes yes yes

Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no

no no no no yes

Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation,

 Washington

yes no no no yes

Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot

 Reservation (Washington State)

Makah Indian Tribe no no no no no

Lummi Tribe no yes yes no no

Kalispel Indian Community no no no no no

Jamestown S'Klallam Tribal Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hoh Indian Tribe no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation no no no no no

Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation no no no no no

no no no no no

Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama

 Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and

 Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the

 Yakama Reservation)

Washington

yes yes yes yes yes

Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray

 Reservation, Utah

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation no no no no no

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no no no yes

Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no no no no no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no no no

Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no yes

no no no yes yes

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and 

 South Dakota

FBI BIA

State

government

Local government (county 

State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal)

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics

Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002
Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 91

Appendix

• 2002 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies non-participants

• Questionnaire
92 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country

Utah Skull Valley Band of Goshutes No

United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians No

Oklahoma Miami Tribe of Oklahoma No

Tonawanda Band of Seneca Refused

Seneca Nation of New York Refused

New York Oneida Indian Nation of New York No

Montana Crow Tribe of Montana No

Michigan Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan No

Florida Miccosukee Indian Tribe Refused

Utu Utu Gwaitu Paiute Tribe No

San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Indians No

Quartz Valley Reservation No

Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians No

Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community No

Northfork Rancheria Refused

Morongo Band of Mission Indians Refused

Mechoopda Indian Tribe of the Chico Rancheria Refused

Lower Lake Rancheria No

Kashia Band of Pomo Indians No

Death Valley Timbi-Sha Shoshone Band of California No

Cuyapaipe Community of Mission Indians No

Chicken Ranch Rancheria Refused

Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians Refused

California Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Refused

San Juan Southern Paiute No

Havasupai Tribe No

Colorado River IndianTribes of the Colorado River Indian No

Reservation

Arizona

State Tribal name Tribal justice census participant status

2002 Census of tribal justice agencies non-participants
2002 CENSUS OF TRIBAL JUSTICE AGENCIES IN

AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE TRIBAL 

JURISDICTIONS

Survey sent to: 

Please correct any error in name, mailing address and zip code in the space below. 

INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY 

Name Title/Position

Name of Tribe/Village/Organization

TELEPHONE Area Code Number FAX Area Code Number 

E-MAIL 

ADDRESS 

Please return your completed survey by October 15, 2002 in the enclosed stamped 

envelope to Policy Studies Inc.; 999 18th Street, Suite 1000; Denver, Colorado 80202

Form TJA 9-1-02
INTRODUCTION 

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), U.S. Department of Justice, through Falmouth Institute 

and Policy Studies Inc., is conducting a census of tribal justice agencies in American Indian and 

Alaska Native tribal jurisdictions. This is the first comprehensive effort to identify which justice 

agencies are operating in tribal jurisdictions, what services those agencies provide, and what 

information they collect and keep. Once our analysis is completed, we will send a copy of the 

survey findings to all respondents. The findings also will be posted on the BJS website 

(http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs) and BJS will compile and make available a national directory of

justice agencies in tribal jurisdictions throughout the country. 

In some instances, we have mailed this survey to more than one person in a tribe or village

because we did not know who was best able to answer the questions. If you are not the

appropriate person to respond to this survey, please give it to someone who might be more 

appropriate. 

You may complete and submit your survey using any of the following four options: 

• Mail: send your completed survey in the enclosed stamped envelope to Policy Studies Inc.; 

999 18th Street, Suite 1000; Denver, Colorado 80202. 

• Fax: submit your completed survey by fax to 303-295-0244. 

• Telephone: Call toll free 1-800-992-4489 extension 105 and leave a message. Someone from 

our team will call you to complete the survey over the telephone. 

• Internet: If you have access to the Internet, you may complete the survey on line at 

www.justicesurvey.com. 

Please be assured that your tribe’s responses will not be identified with you individually. We ask 

for your name and contact information above only so that we can follow up with you on specific 

questions if necessary. 

If you have questions or need assistance, you may call toll free and leave a message at 1-800-

992-4489 extension 105 or send an e-mail message to Tracy Griffith at tgriffith@policystudies.com. A member of our survey administration team will respond promptly. 

Thank you for your cooperation in this important data collection effort. Your responses are 

critically important to the success of this survey. 

OMB No 1121-0252 Approval Expires 12/31/2004

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended (42 USC 3732), authorizes this

information collection. This request for information is in accordance with the clearance require of the Paperwork

Reduction Act of 1908, as amended (44 USC 3507). The burden of this data collection is estimated to average

20 minutes per response, including time to review instructions, gather the information needed, and enter and

review the information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate, or any other aspect of this data

collection, including suggestions on how to reduce this burden, to the Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 810

Seventh Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20531. Do NOT send your completed survey to this address. 
A7. Which of the following provide law enforcement 

services for your tribe?

(Mark (X) all that apply) A1. Does your tribe have a law enforcement 

agency employing sworn tribal personnel with 

general arrest powers? 1. BIA 

2. State 

3. Local 1. Yes 4. Tribal law enforcement 2. No Æ SKIP TO QUESTION A7 5. Village Public Safety Officers (VPSOs) 

6. Village Police Officers (VPOs) 

7. Traditional law enforcement A2. Does your tribal law enforcement agency

operate through a PL 93-638 or selfgovernance contract? 

8. Game/Fisheries Warden

9. Housing Authority

10. Casino Security

11. Other (describe below) 1. Yes 

2. No

A8. Who performs the following law enforcement

functions in your tribe? A3. With which of the following Does your tribal 

law enforcement agency have cross 

deputization agreements? (Mark (X) all that apply)

(Mark (X) all the apply) Uniform

Officers

Criminal 

Investigation Detention

1. BIA 

2. FBI 

3. Tribal 

4. State 

5. County

6. Traditional 

7. Other 

1. BIA 

2. FBI 

3. Tribal 

4. State 

5. County

6. Traditional 

7. Other 

1. BIA 

2. FBI 

3. Tribal 

4. State 

5. County

6. Traditional 

7. Other 

1. BIA law enforcement 

2. Neighboring tribes/villages 

3. Neighboring non-tribal authorities 

 (e.g. state, county, local) 

4. Federal law enforcement other than BIA 

 (e.g. FBI, Customs, US Marshals Service) 

5. None of the above 

A9. For juvenile offenses committed on your tribal 

land, to which justice authorities may cases be 

referred? 

A4. Are your tribal law enforcement officers 

recognized by the state and have state peace 

officer authority? 

(Mark (X) all that apply) 1. Yes 

2. No 1. Tribal justice authorities 

2. County justice authorities 

3. State justice authorities 

A5. Do your tribal law enforcement officers have 

arrest authority over tribal members off the 

reservation? 

4. Federal justice authorities 

A10. For which types of land are tribal law 

enforcement services provided? 1. Yes 

2. No (Mark (X) all that apply)

1. Reservation land

A6. Do your tribal law enforcement officers have 2. Tribal Communities 

arrest authority over non-Indians on the 

reservation? 

3. Alaska Native Villages 

4. Trust Land 

5. Other (describe below)

1. Yes 

2. No

SECTION A- LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

IN TRIBAL JURISDICTIONS
A11. Is the land base contiguous? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

A12. How many CRIMINAL cases during the last 

calendar year were referred to the U.S. 

Attorney’s office? 

__________ Mark (X) if number is an 

 estimate 

A13. Who refers criminal cases to the U.S. 

Attorney’s Office? 

(Mark (X) all that apply) 

1. Tribal law enforcement 

2. BIA law enforcement 

3. FBI 

4. Other (describe below) 

A14. Does your tribe have access to the National 

Crime Information Center (NCIC)? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

A15. To which of the following does your tribe 

submit its criminal history records? 

(Mark (X) all that apply) 

1. State repository 

2. FBI 

3. None of the above 

A16. Does your tribe submit information to the 

National Sex Offender Registry (NSOR) 

1. Yes 

2. No 

A17. Does your tribe record the number and types of 

crime incidents occurring in your tribal 

jurisdiction? 

3. Yes 

4. No ÆSKIP TO SECTION B 

A18. What method do you use to record crime 

incidents in your tribal jurisdiction? 

(Mark (X) only one) 

1. Incidents are recorded manually 

2. Incidents are recorded in computer databases 

3. Both (1) and (2) 

A19. With which of the following does your tribe 

routinely share crime statistics? 

(Mark (X) all that apply) 

1. Other tribes 

2. Alaska native corporations 

3. Local government (county or municipal) 

4. State government 

5. FBI (Uniform Crime Reports, NIBRS, etc.) 

6. BIA 

7. None of the above 

A20. With which of the following does your tribe share 

crime statistics electronically? 

(Mark (X) all that apply) 

1. Other tribes 

2. Alaska native corporations 

3. Local government (county or municipal) 

4. State government 

5. FBI (Uniform Crime Reports, NIBRS, etc.) 

6. BIA 

7. None of the above 
B1. Does your tribe have a tribal justice system? B4. Please indicate the type and number of separate

(As defined in the Indian Tribal Justice Support courts in your tribal justice system.

Act, “tribal justice system” means the entire 

judicial branch, and employees thereof, of an 

Indian tribe, including (but not limited to) 

traditional methods and forums for dispute 

resolution, lower courts, appellate courts 

(including intertribal appellate courts), 

alternative dispute resolution systems, and circuit 

rider systems, established by inherent authority

whether or not they constitute a court of record). 

(Mark (X) all the apply)

B4. Type of Court 

B5. Number 

 of Courts 

1. General jurisdiction tribal court 

2. Juvenile court

3. Family court 

4. Wildlife conservation court 

5. Appellate court 

6. Peacemaking/circle sentencing 

7. Other (describe below)

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

1. Yes 

2. NoÆSKIP TO SECTION C 

B2. Which type of tribal court system operates in

your tribal jurisdiction? 

(Mark (X) all the apply)

1. Tribal courts 

B6. Does your tribal justice system use any of the

following intermediate sanctions in criminal 

sentencing?

2. Appellate courts 

3. Circuit rider systems 

4. Traditional methods and /or forums for 

Consider “intermediate sanctions” as sentences other

than incarceration

dispute resolution (e.g. peacemaking, 

circle sentencing) 

5. Inter-tribal court system (Please list (Mark (X) all that apply) tribe(s) below) B6. 

Adult 

B7. 

Juvenile

1. No intermediate sanctions

2. Drug rehabilitation 

3. Alcohol rehabilitation

4. Community service 

5. Counseling/ therapy 

6. Fine without incarceration

7. Restitution without incarceration

8. Victim-Offender reconciliation

9. Other (describe below)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

6. Other (describe below)

B3. Which of the following types of cases are 

handled by your tribal justice system? 

(Mark (X) all the apply)

1. Criminal misdemeanor cases

2. Traffic violations 

3. Juvenile offenses (delinquency, status offenses) 

4. Other juvenile (e.g. child welfare, adoption) 

5. Family law cases (e.g. divorce, paternity) 

6. Domestic violence protective orders 

B8. Does your tribal justice system maintain a probation

function for _________?

7. Civil matters 

8. Probate Matters 

9. Wildlife offenses (e.g. hunting, fishing) 

10. Other cases (describe below) B8. Adults B9. Juveniles 

1. Yes 

2. No

1. Yes 

2. No

SECTION B – TRIBAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: 

TRIBAL COURTS AND SERVICES
B10. Which, if any, of the following nonresidential programs does your tribe have 

available for placing juveniles who commit 

offenses on your tribal land? 

(Mark (X) all the apply) 

1. No non-residential programs 

2. County, state or federal social service 

 agencies 

3. Tribal social service agencies 

4. Tribal informal juvenile probation 

5. Tribal formal juvenile probation 

6. Other (describe below) 

B11. Which, if any, of the following residential 

juvenile facilities (treatment, detention, 

correctional) are available for placing juveniles 

who commit offenses on your tribal land? 

(Mark (X) all the apply) 

1. Your tribe’s residential juvenile facilities 

2. Another tribe’s residential juvenile facilities 

3. County or other non-tribal residential 

 juvenile facilities 

4. None of the above 

B12. Which types and how many of the 

following personnel work in your tribal 

justice system? 

Type of justice system 

personnel 

B12. 

Number 

Full Time 

B13. 

Number 

Part-time 

1. Trial court judges 

2. Appellate court judges 

3. Court administrators 

4. Court interpreters 

5. Prosecutors 

6. Public defenders 

7. Probation officers 

8. Parole officers 

9. Peacemakers 

10. Bailiffs/Process servers 

11. Staff Attorneys 

12. Support and other staff 

13. Total Staff 

1. _______ 

2. _______ 

3. _______ 

4. _______

5. _______ 

6. _______ 

7. _______ 

8. _______ 

9. _______ 

10. _______

11. _______

12. _______

13._______ 

1. _______ 

2. _______ 

3. _______ 

4. _______

5. _______ 

6. _______ 

7. _______ 

8. _______ 

9. _______ 

10. _______ 

11. _______ 

12. _______ 

13. _______ 

B14. How are tribal court judges selected? 

(Mark (X) all the apply) 

1. Elected 

2. Appointed and /or hired 

3. Other (describe below) 

B15. What is the term of office for a tribal court 

judge? 

(Mark (X) all the apply) 

1. 1 year 

2. 2 years 

3. 3 years 

4. 4 years 

5. Other __________ 

B16. Are jury trials available in your tribal court 

system for civil trial cases? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

B17. Does your tribe count the number of matters 

 brought before your tribal justice system? 

1. Yes 

2. NoÆSKIP TO QUESTION B24 

B18. How are criminal cases counted in your court 

 system? 

(Mark (X) all the apply) 

1. Number of charges 

2. Number of defendants 

3. Number of incidents 

4. Other (describe below) 
B19. What method is used to count the number of

matters in your tribal court or tribal justice 

forum(s)?

B26. Are any justice agencies in your tribe 

electronically networked with justice agencies 

outside your tribe (e.g., tribal law enforcement 

and county/municipal law enforcement)? 

(Mark (X) all the apply)

1. Yes 

1. Matters are counted manually 2. No

2. Matters are counted in computer 

 databases

3. A combination of (1) and (2)

4. Other (describe below)

C1. Does your tribe have a BIA Court of Indian 

Offenses (CFR Court) available? B20. How many CRIMINAL cases were filed in

your tribal justice system during the last

calendar year? 1. Yes 

2. No ___________ Mark (X) if number is an 

 estimate C2. Does your tribe rely on State courts for judicial 

services? B21. How many of these CRIMINAL cases filed 

during the last calendar year involved a nonIndian defendant? 

1. Yes 

2. No

___________ Mark (X) if number is an C3. Does your tribe rely on county/municipal social 

service agencies for court ordered treatment in 

juvenile and/or family cases? 

 estimate

B22. How many CIVIL cases were filed in your

tribal justice system during the last calendar 

year? 

1. Yes 

2. No

___________ Mark (X) if number is an C4. Does your tribe have a child support enforcement 

program? estimate

B23. How many of these CIVIL cases filed during 

the last calendar year involved a non-Indian 

defendant? 

1. Yes 

2. No

C5. For which of the following child support processes 

does your tribe have family codes? ___________ Mark (X) if number is an 

 estimate

(Mark (X) all the apply) B24. Does your tribal justice system provide 

victim services? 1. Establishing paternity 

2. Establishing a child support order 

1. Yes 3. Enforcing a child support order 2. No 4. Modifying or adjusting a child support order 

5. None of the above B25. Are any justice agencies in your tribe 

electronically networked with other justice

agencies in your tribe (e.g., law enforcement 

and prosecution)?

1. Yes 

2. No

SECTION C – OTHER TRIBAL JUSTICE 

SERVICES

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION AND PROMPT REPLY TO THIS SURVEY 
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS