# Patent

## Title
Diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes

## Abstract

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/144,503 filed Nov. 2, 1993, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/490,444 filed Mar. 8, 1990, abandoned.

## Background
The invention relates to two immunogenic regions on the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) E7 protein, with one immunoreactive region being located 3' of nucleotide position 595 and the other being located 3' of nucleotide position 667 of the HPV 16 genome.

Papillomaviruses cannot be grown in culture. Hence genetic engineering methods are a prerequisite for the use of HPV DNA as a diagnostic aid and for obtaining the expression products, the use thereof as antigens, the isolation of antibodies and the preparation of corresponding diagnostic aids.

Durst et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 3813-3815 describe a new type of human papillomavirus (HPV) which they call HPV 16. The DNA sequence and the genome organization of this virus are reproduced in Seedorf et al., Virology 145 (1985) 181-185.

Smotkin and Wettstein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4680-4684 (1986) identified the E7 transcript as the most frequently occurring HPV transcript in the CaSki cell line and another cervical carcinoma which contains the HPV 16 DNA mainly as plasmid. Seedorf et al., EMBO J. 6, 139-144 (1987) then showed that the E7 protein is the most frequently occurring vital HPV 16 protein in those cell lines which contain HPV 16 in integrated form or as plasmid.

The E7 protein appears additionally to play a part in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. In addition, antibodies against E7 protein are common in patients with cervical carcinoma. The detection of HPV 16 E7 protein or the antibodies directed against it is therefore of interest in diagnosis.

On analysis of a shotgun expression bank of cloned HPV 16 DNA with a polyclonal antiserum against HPV16 E7 of rabbits, two immunoreactive regions were found within the E7 protein. The first region is in the N-terminal section of E7 and is represented by four phage clones of different sizes:

In these the 5' end of the clones corresponds to nucleotide position 595 on the HPV 16 genome.

Correspondingly, the amino acid sequence of the four classes is:

The second immunoreactive region of HPV 16 E7 was located at nucleotide position 667 on the HPV 16 genome:

and contains the 17 amino acids:

The invention accordingly relates to the abovementioned two immunoreactive regions, and the use thereof for diagnosis, therapy and as pharmaceuticals or vaccines.

The invention is furthermore contained in the examples and patent claims.

1. Preparation of the shotgun expression bank of the HPV 16 genome.

The HPV 16 DNA cloned in the bacterial plasmid vector sp65 was converted into an average fragment size of about 100 base-pairs (bp) by ultrasonic shearing and subsequent DNase I treatment.

The ends of these fragments were filled in using T4 DNA polymerase and E. coli DNA ligase. The phage expression vector fd-tet-J6 was cut with Pvu II, and blunt ligationing of the fragments was carried out. fd-tet-J6 is derived from the bacteriophage fd and has been described by G. P. Smith, Science 228, 1315-1317 (1985).

2. Detection of immunogenic reactions

After the recombinant phages had been plated out on E. coli K91, replicas on nitrocellulose filters were investigated for immunoreactive phages using specific sera. 200 recombinants reacted with the antiserum; 30 of these were further investigated by DNA sequence analysis.

The following results were obtained:

1. All recombinants contain E7-specific sequences.

2. Two immunogenic regions were found within the E7 protein. The first region was identified by means of 25 overlapping clones. These 25 clones could be divided into 4 classes:

In these the 5' end of the clones corresponds to nucleotide position 595 on the HPV 16 genome.

Correspondingly, the amino acid sequence of the four classes is:

The minimum size of this region is therefore 8 amino acids. Since monoclonal antibodies reacted only with class I and II, but the polyclonal antiserum reacted with all 4 classes, there are at least 2 different epitopes located on the antigen of class I or II.

A synthetic oligopeptide (met-leu-asp-leu-gln-pro-glu-thr-thr-asp-leu-tyr) corresponding to the amino acid sequence of class II was used in an ELISA and showed a distinct reaction with the abovementioned polyclonal rabbit serum against HPV 16 E7.

The second immunoreactive region of 17 amino acids was found in 5 clones and was located at nucleotide position 667 on the HPV 16 genome:

corresponding to the 17 amino acids

## Claims

1. An immunogenic sequence of HPV 16 E7 protein consisting of one of the following amino acid sequences:

2. A diagnostic aid for detecting specific antibodies against HPV 16 E7 proteins, comprising a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence as claimed in claim 1.

3. A monoclonal antibody which binds to an immunogenic sequence as claimed in claim 1.

4. A diagnostic aid comprising a monoclonal antibody as claimed in claim 3.