### **CHAPTER 201—GENERAL**

#### SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL

Sec.
20101.
Purpose.
20102.
Definitions.
20103.
General authority.
20104.
Emergency authority.
20105.
State participation.
20106.
National uniformity of regulation. 1

20107.
Inspection and investigation.
20108.
Research, development, testing, and training.
20109.
Employee protections.
20110.
Effect on employee qualifications and collective bargaining.
20111.
Enforcement by the Secretary of Transportation.
20112.
Enforcement by the Attorney General.
20113.
Enforcement by the States.
20114.
Judicial procedures.
20115.
User fees.
20116.
Rulemaking process.
20117.
Authorization of appropriations.
20118.
Prohibition on public disclosure of railroad safety analysis records.
20119.
Study on use of certain reports and surveys.
20120.
Enforcement report.
20121.
Repair and replacement of damaged track inspection equipment.

#### SUBCHAPTER II—PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF SAFETY

20131.
Restricted access to rolling equipment.
20132.
Visible markers for rear cars.
20133.
Passenger cars.
20134.
Grade crossings and railroad rights of way.
20135.
Licensing or certification of locomotive operators.
20136.
Automatic train control and related systems.
20137.
Event recorders.
20138.
Tampering with safety and operational monitoring devices.
20139.
Maintenance-of-way operations on railroad bridges.
20140.
Alcohol and controlled substances testing.
20141.
Power brake safety.
20142.
Track safety.
20143.
Locomotive visibility.
20144.
Blue signal protection for on-track vehicles.
20145.
Report on bridge displacement detection systems.
20146.
Institute for Railroad Safety.
20147.
Warning of civil liability.
20148.
Railroad car visibility.
20149.
Coordination with the Department of Labor.
20150.
Positive train control system progress report.
20151.
Railroad trespassing, vandalism, and highway-rail grade crossing warning sign violation prevention strategy.
20152.
Notification of grade crossing problems.
20153.
Audible warnings at highway-rail grade crossings.
[20154.
Repealed.]
20155.
Tank cars.
20156.
Railroad safety risk reduction program.
20157.
Implementation of positive train control systems.
20158.
Railroad safety technology grants.
20159.
Roadway user sight distance at highway-rail grade crossings.
20160.
National crossing inventory.
20161.
Fostering introduction of new technology to improve safety at highway-rail grade crossings.
20162.
Minimum training standards and plans.
20163.
Certification of train conductors.
20164.
Development and use of rail safety technology.
20165.
Limitations on non-Federal alcohol and drug testing by railroad carriers. 2

20166.
Emergency escape breathing apparatus.
20167.
Reports on highway-rail grade crossing safety.
20168.
Installation of audio and image recording devices.
20169.
Speed limit action plans.
20170.
Pre-revenue service safety validation plan.
20171.
Requirements for railroad freight cars placed into service in the United States.

#### **Editorial Notes**

#### Amendments

**2021**—Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title II, §§22403(b)(2), 22415(b), 22416(b), 22425(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 736, 747, 748, 756, added items 20167 and 20169 to 20171.

2015–Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §§11301(c)(1), 11411(b), 11413(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1648, 1687, 1689, added items 20121 and 20168 and struck out items 20154 "Capital grants for rail line relocation projects" and 20167 "Railroad safety infrastructure improvement grants". Items 20121 and 20168 were added to the analysis for this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding directory language adding those items to the analyses for subchapters I and II of this chapter, respectively.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title I, §§103(b), 104(b), 105(b), 107(b), 109(b), title II, §§203(b), 204(b), 205(b), 208(b), 210(b), title III, §303(b), title IV, §§401(b), 402(e), 406(b), 409(b), 413(b), 418(b), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4856, 4858–4860, 4867, 4869, 4871, 4873, 4876, 4877, 4879, 4883, 4884, 4886, 4887, 4889, 4892, added items 20116 and 20118 to 20120, substituted "Railroad trespassing, vandalism, and highway-rail grade crossing warning sign violation prevention strategy" for "Railroad trespassing and vandalism prevention strategy" in item 20151 and "Notification of grade crossing problems" for "Emergency notification of grade crossing problems" in item 20152, and added items 20156 to 20167.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title IX, §§9002(a)(2), 9005(b)(2), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1921, 1925, added items 20154 and 20155.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(g)(2), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724, struck out item 20116 "Biennial report".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–440, title II, §§206(b), 207(b), 210(b), 211(b), 212(b), 213(b), 214(b), 215(b), 219(b), title III, §§301(b), 302(b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4621–4624, 4626, 4628, substituted "Biennial" for "Annual" in item 20116 and "cars" for "equipment" in item 20133 and added items 20145 to 20153.

1  Section catchline amended by Pub. L. 110–53 without corresponding amendment of chapter analysis.

2  So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.