P.1 

OAR Box 1830 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

25) IV-B-21 

Docket Number: 

A-87-11 

Printed 11/13/2008 7:20:52 AM Sheet 25 of 232 
P.2 

A-87-11 

Compilation of Analytical Charts 

For Onboard and Stage II 

March 1992 
P.3. 

i 

1 

I 

In a "ecent EPA study on gasoline volatility and evaporative emissions, several strategies for the control of excess evaporative emissions were evaluated (I-A-66). One of these strategies, referred to as 

the vehicle control approach, is to increase the volatility of the 

certification fuel from 9.0 to 11.5 psi and make other test procedure 

changes to require improved purge capability. This would require 

vehicle manufacturers to improve evaporative emission control systems 

to capture and purge a larger evaporative load. This would have 

Implications for onboard costs, since onboard systems and the refueling 

test procedure would accomplish, at least to some extent, the same ends. 

For example, vehicle excess evaporative emission controls implemented 

concurrently with onboard would reduce costs in areas such as canister 

size, purge control, and certification. Therefore, the cost of the 

onboard system incremental to the costs associated with the control of 

excess evaporative emissions can be estimated by subtracting the costs 

associated with the vehicle excess evaporative control approach (taken 

from the volatility study mentioned above) from the onboard hardware 

estimates provided earlier. The calculations of the Incremental onboard 

posts are shown below. HDGV costs are discussed more fully in the 

following section. 

Onboard Hardware Costs Incremental to 

1989-1993 

1994-1999 

2000+ 

Excess Evaporatl 

LDV 

$20.00 

2.90 

17.10 

17.70 

2.00 

15.70 

16.30 

2.00 

14Y30 

ve Emission 

LDT* 

$27.20 

3.80 

23.40 

24.20 

2.60 

2Uo 

22.60 

2.60 

20.OU 

Control 

HDGV* 

$34.80 

4.20 

30.60 

29.80 

3.50 

26.30 

29.40 

3.50 

25.90 

The Incremental onboard.hardware costs (bottom line values above) 

are the costs used to calculate the total incremental onboard cost and 

cost effectiveness values discussed elsewhere in this document. 

Since only a single cost is given for the vehicle evaporative emission control system improvements for LDT's and HDGV's, the weighted 

average LDT and HDGV onboard hardware costs are shown. 

2-108 
P.4 

TABLE 1-1. OZONE NONATTAINMENT AREAS 

CLASSIFIED MODERATE OR ABOVE 

Extreme 

Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin, CA 

Severe 

Baltimore, MD 

Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN 

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX 

Milwaukee-Racine, WI 

New York-N New Jer-Long Is., 

NY-NJ-CT 

Philadelphia-Wilm-Trent, 

PA-NJ-DE-MD 

San Diego, CA 

Southeast Desert Modified 

AQMA, CA 

Ventura Co, CA 

Serious 

Atlanta, GA 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 

Boston-Lawrence-Worcester 

(E.MA), MArNH 

El Paso, TX > 

Greater Connecticut 

Muskegon, MI 

Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, 

NH 

Providence (All RI), RI 

Sacramento Metro, CA 

San Joaquin Valley, CA 

Sheboygan, WI 

Springfield (Western MA), MA 

Washington, DC-MD-VA 

Moderate 

Atlantic City, NJ 

Charleston, WV 

Charlotte-Gastonia, NC 

Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY 

Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH 

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 

Dayton-Springfield, OH 

Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI 

Grand Rapids, MI 

Greensboro-Winston Salem-High 

Point, NC 

Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY 

Kewaunee Co, WI 

Knox & Lincoln Cos, ME 

Lewiston-Auburn, ME 

Louisville, KY-IN 

Manitowoc Co, WI 

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-W. Palm 

Beach, FL 

Monterey Bay, CA 

Nashville, TN 

Parkersburg, WV 

Phoenix, AZ 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 

Portland, ME 

Raleigh-Durham, NC 

Reading, PA 

Richmond-Petersburg, VA 

Salt Lake City, UT 

San Francisco-Bay Area, CA 

Santa Barbara-Santa 

Maria-Lompoc, CA 

St Louis, MO-IL 

Toledo, OH 

Source: 56 Federal Register 56692, 40 CFR 81, Air Quality 

Designations; Final Rule. November 6, 1991. 

1-5 
u £ 2 i.»jwy»iwB!W!aaMB nnwiiis iniB 

P.5 

TABLE 2-2 . GASOLINE THROUGHPUT PERCENTAGES OF 

NATIONAL TOTAL FOR OZONE NONATTAINMENT 

AREAS CLASSIFIED MODERATE OR ABOVE 

Nonattainment Areas 

Percentage 

of 

National 

Throughput 

Nonattainment Areas 

Percentage 

of 

National 

Throughput 

Extreme 

Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin, CA 

Baltimore, MO 

Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN 

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX 

Milwaukee-Racine, UI 

New York-N New Jer-Long Is, NY-NJ-CT 

Atlanta, GA 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 

Boston-Lawrence-Worcester (E.MA), 

MA-NH 

El Paso, TX 

Greater Connecticut 

Muskegon, MI 

Atlantic City, NJ 

Charleston, WV 

Charlotte-Gastonia, NC 

Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY 

Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH 

Dallas^Fort Worth, TX 

Dayton-Springfield, OH 

Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI 

Grand Rapids, MI 

Greensboro-Winston Salem-H Point, NC 

Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY 

Kewaunee Co, UI 

Knox & Lincoln Cos, ME 

Lewiston-Auburn, ME 

Louisville, KY-IN 

Manitowoc Co, WI 

4.81 

Severe 

0.99 

2.52 

1.64 

0.52 

4.97 

1.18 

0.27 

0.18 

2.40 

0.17 

1.26 

0.05 

PhUadelphia-Vilm-Trent, PA-NJ-DE-MD 

Southeast Desert Modified AQMA, CA 

San Diego, CA 

Ventura Co, CA 

Serious 

Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, NH 

San Joaquin Valley, CA 

Providence (All RI), RI 

Sacramento Metro, CA — 

Sheboygan, WI 

Springfield (Western MA), MA 

Washington, DC-MD-VA 

1.91 

a 

0.86 

0.23 

13.64 

0.13 

0.98 

0.35 

0.73 

0.00 

0.31 

1.12 

9.13 

Moderate ': 

0.12 

0.12 

0.25 

0.60 

1.10 

1.63 

0.35 

1.76 

0.25 

0.30 

0.09 

0.01 

0.03 

0.08 

0.34 

0.03 

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-W. Palm Beach, 

FL 

Monterey Bay, CA 

Nashville, TN 

Parkersburg, WV 

Phoenix, AZ 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 

Portland, ME 

Raleigh-Durham, NC 

Reading, PA 

Richmond-Petersburg, VA 

Salt Lake City, UT 

San Francisco-Bay Area, CA 

Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA 

St Louis, MO-IL 

Toledo, OH 

1.52 

0.23 

0.37 

0.07 

0.84 

0.86 

0.17 

0.26 

0.13 

0.07 

0.30 

2.16 

0.13 

1.06 

0.20 

15.50 

Source: Nonattainment designations from 56 FR 56692 (See Table 1-1) 

Gasoline consumption percentages estimated using 1985 NEDs fuel use report 

* Gasoline consunption not reported because the consumption for this area and the LA South Coast Air Basin 

consumption cited above overlap, and sufficient information is not in the database to allow proportion 

this area's consumption from the LA consunption. 

2-8 

ntuuMmim.mmmmmiimmimsiUlSKIt mmm 
P.6 

TABLE 2-3. ESTIMATED GASOLINE CONSUMPTION BY STATE FOR 

MODERATE AND ABOVE OZONE NONATTAINMENT AREAS 

4 . i; 

I; 

• * 

* 

STATE 

ALABAMA 

ALASKA 

ARIZONA 

ARKANSAS 

CALIFORNIA 

COLORADO 

CONNECTICUT 

DELAWARE 

DISTRICT OF COL. 

FLORIDA 

GEORGIA 

HAWAII 

IDAHO 

ILLINOIS 

INDIANA 

IOWA 

KANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

LOUISIANA 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MICHIGAN 

MINNESOTA 

MISSISSIPPI 

MISSOURI 

MONTANA 

NEBRASKA 

NEVADA 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

NEW JERSEY 

NEW MEXICO 

NEW YORK 

NORTH CAROLINA 

NORTH DAKOTA 

OHIO 

OKLAHOMA 

OREGON 

PENNSYLVANIA 

RHODE ISLAND 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

TENNESSEE 

TEXAS 

UJAH 

VERMONT 

VIRGINIA 

WASHINGTON 

WEST VIRGINIA 

WISCONSIN 

WYOMING 

NATIONWIDE 

SOURCES: 

| TOTAL 1990 

| THROUGHPUT 

I (1000 gal) (1) 

I 2,120,444 

I 274,133 

| 1,678,470 

I 1,264,427 

I 13,304,359 

1 1,547,261 

I 1,445,681 

I 347,026 

I 175,799 

1 6,212,149 

I 3,571,616 

I 388,769 

I 491,663 

I 5,224,728 

1 2,696,329 

I 1,376,510 

1 1,251,101 

I 1,850,610 

I 2,024,455 

I 611,394 

I 2,157,151 

I 2,433,953 

I 4,371,053 

I 2,077,581 

I 1,265,062 

I 2,752,483 

| 444,349 

I 795,515 

I 651,818 

| 510,137 

| 3,547,006 

| 811,429 

I 6,119,254 

I 3,337,499 

| 352,200 

| 5,765,788 

I 1,712,492 

| 1,366,546 

I 4,733,852 

| 381,057 

| 1,618,044 

| 393,896 

| 2,613,637 

| 8,859,492 

| 734,344 

| 290,641 

| 3,027,842 

I 2,311,131 

I 835,298 

I 2,123,146 

I 262,113 

I 116,512,733 

PERCENTAGE OF 

THROUGHPUT IN 

MODERATE AND ABOVE 

OZONE NONATTAINMENT 

AREAS (2) 

OX 

OX 

57X 

OX 

94X 

OX 

100X 

77X 

100X 

31X 

40X 

OX 

OX 

61X 

12X 

OX 

OX 

26X 

14X 

58X 

86X 

100X 

55X 

OX 

OX 

34X 

OX 

OX 

OX 

61X 

98X 

OX 

49X 

28X 

OX 

50X 

OX 

OX 

49X 

100X 

OX 

OX 

16X 

45X 

45X 

OX 

13X 

OX 

27X 

35X 

OX 

43X 

MODERATE AND 

ABOVE OZONE 

NONATTAINMENT 

1990 THROUGHPUT 

(1000 gal) 

0 

0 

964,833 

0 

12,477,101 

0 

1,445,681 

266,202 

175,799 

1,904,708 

1,442,491 

0 

0 

3,197,686 

325,161 

0 

0 

479,449 

286,315 

353,101 

1,849,060 

2,433,953 

2,389,559 

0 

0 

943,204 

0 

0 

0 

312,603 

3,482,556 

0 

3,020,510 

948,253 

0 

2,860,051 

0 

0 

2,315,213 

381,057 

0 

0 

417,739 

3,958,250 

332,915 

0 

393,675 

0 

224,213 

746,396 

0 

50,327,735 

(1) Federal Highway Administration, Monthly Gasoline Reports 

As Reported in 1991 NPN Factbook 

(2) Preliminary estimate based on 1987-89 design values 

or 1988-90 design values for a few areas 

2-9 
P.7 

Projected Fuel Consumption 

Year 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

NewLDGV 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

' 0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

1.824 

: 3.707 

4.714' 

4.795 

, 4.880 

'- 4.958 

5.042 

5.130 

• 5.217 

5.306 

' 5.396 

5.486 

', 5.578 

| 5.673 

5.767 

5.847 

5.943 

6.041 

6.140 

6.240 

6.326 

6.414 

6.503 

6.592 

6.683 

NewLDGT 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

1.043 

2.155 

2.777 

2.862 

2.943 

3.027 

3.107 

3.192 

3.277 

3.363 

3.446 

3.531 

3.612 

3.699 

3.783 

3.863 

3.946 

4.036 

4.117 

4.208 

4.292 

4.377 

4.464 

4.551 

4.639 

BaseM4.1FC 

New HDGV 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.162 

0.338 

0.441 

0.459 

0.478 

0.496 

0.515 

0.534 

0.554 

0.573 

0.592 

0.610 

0.629 

0.647 

0.665 

0.685 

0.703 

0.721 

0.739 

0.757 

0.772 

0.787 

0.802 

0.817 

0.832 

LDGV 96+ 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

1.824 

6.535 

12.919 

19.386 

25.581 

31.577 

37.315 

42.323 

46.541 

50.320 

53.980 

57.652 

61.213 

64.461 

67.159 

69.224 

71.162 

72.983 

74.715 

76.350 

77.692 

78.992 

80.253 

81.486 

82.790 

LDGT96+ 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

1.043 

3.993 

8.323 

12.895 

17.361 

21.449 

25.057 

27.962 

30.335 

32.337 

34.235 

36.378 

38.725 

41.061 

43.157 

44.836 

46.447 

48.034 

49.592 

51.057 

52.317 

53.537 

54.737 

55.921 

57.189 

HDGV 96+ 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.000 

0.162 

0.606 

1.261 

1.955 

2.630 

3.312 

4.009 

4.669 

5.262 

5.775 

6.234 

6.755 

7.333 

7.913 

8.432 

8.905 

9.320 

9.724 

10.109 

10.467 

10.762 

11.040 

11.306 

11.559 

11.845 

All Gas Veh 

89.909 

90.683 

91.510 

92.578 

93.993 

95.725 

97.418 

99.112 

100.963 

102.890 

105.006 

107.132 

109.327 

111.600 

113.827 

116.152 

118.540 

120.947 

123.369 

125.834 

128.299 

130.514 

133.031 

135.576 

138.131 

140.712 

142.981 

145.304 

147.648 

150.016 

152.407 

3/5/92 
P.8 

Table 3-19. COMPARISON OF STAGE II AND ONBOARD IMPACTS 

UNDER TWO AVERAGE GASOLINE RVP's 

(33-YEAR ANALYSIS) 

Regulatory 

Strategy 

Onboard (Incremental 

to Evap 

49-State 

61 Areas 

Stage II a 

Nationwideb 

- Exempt <2,000 

- Exempt <10,OOU 

- Exempt <1U, <50 

61 Areas0 

- Exempt <2,000 

- Exempt <10,UUU 

- Exempt <10, <50 

Stage I 

Average Annual 

VOC Emission Reduction, 

103 Mg/yr 

RVP=12.6 

28U 

110 

230-330 

210-310 

180-260 

83-13U 

78-120 

66-100 

310 

RVP=11.3 

250 

97 

200-300 

190-280 

160-230 

75-120 

70-110 

59-88 

280 

Annualized Costs 

Including Enforcement, 

$ Million/yr 

RVP=12.6 

180 

180 

320-390d 

200-240 

170-190 

110-190 

73-120 

58-92 

74 

RVP=11.3 

190 

190 

320-390d 

200-250 

170-190 

110-200 

74-130 

59-95 

76 

Cost Effectiveness, 

$/Mg VOC 

Reduced 

RVP=12.6 

85U 

2,170 

1,660-1,300 

1,110-860 

1,060-310 

1,670-1,350 

1,140-910 

1,080-850 

260 

kVP=11.3 

1.U40 

2,690 

1,860-1,460 

1,260-980 

1,200-920 

1,940-1,570 

1,340-1,060 

1,260-1,UUU 

29U 

a

In-use cost effectiveness for service stations on the margins of exemption levels is as 

follows: 2,UUO gal/mo, $13,600-$10,800/Mg; 10,000 gal/mo, $3,20O-$2,30O/Mg; 50.U00 gal/mo, 

$1,400-51,100/Mg. 

bRanges of values for Stage II-Nationwide are from minimal' enforcement (7-year phase-in) 

to annual enforcement (3-year phase-in). 

cRanges of values for Stage I I in nonattainment areas are from minimal enforcement, highdifficult y implementation phase-in to annual enforcement, low-difficulty implementation 

phase-in. 

dCost differences between 12.6 RVP and 11.3 RVP are 2-3%. This difference is lost in 

rounding the numbers for presentation in the table. 

3-29 
MAY 13198 7 

Table 3-20. RVP IMPACTS ON COST EFFECTIVENESS OF VOC REDUCTIONS IN 

NA AREAS CONSIDERING OTHER BENEFITS 

($/Mg) 

61 Areas 61 Areas 

Onboard (Incremental to 

Evap) ' • 

NA area VOC reduction 

|only 

In NA areas, if benzene 

Incidence reductions 

are valued at $7.5 MM 

In NA areas. If $250/Mg 

benefit for AA reduction 

and benzene Incidence 

reduction 1s valued at 

$7.5 MM 

In NA areas. If $250/Mg 

benefit for AA reduction, 

and benzene and >_ C-6 

Incidence reductions 

are valued at $7.5 MM 

In NA areas, If $250/Mg benefit 

for AA reduction and benzene 

and total vapors incidence 

reductions are valued at 

$7.5 MM 

12.6 RVP 

2,170 

1.880 

11.3 RVP 

2,690 

2,370 

1,490 1,980 

850 1,260 

[Benefit]3 [Benefit]9 

Stage II (Exempt <10,000) 

NA area VOC reduction 

only 

In NA areas, If benzene 

Incidence reductions 

are valued at $7.5 MM 

i 

In NA areas. If benzene 

and _> C-6 Incidence 

reductions are 

valued at $7.5 MM 

In NA areas. If benzene 

and total vapors incidence 

reductions are valued at 

$7.5 MM 

High-Low Difficulty0 

In 27 or 61 Areas In 27 or 61 Areas 

12.5 m 

1,140-910 

1,030-800 

750-520 

[Benefit] 3 

11.3 RVP 

1,340-1,060 

1,210-940 

890-620 

[Benefit]3 

3

[Benef1t] • Benefits outweigh the costs. 

DRange from minimal enforcement with high difficult y implementation phase-in 

to annual enforcement with low difficult y implementation phase-in. 

3-30 
P.10 

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4-54