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Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308

Next Generation Hydrogen Station Composite 

Data Products

Data through Quarter 2 of 2013

S. Sprik, J. Kurtz, C. Ainscough, M. Post, G. Saur, and M. Peters

Technical Report 

NREL/TP-5400-60797

November 2013

This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.
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3

CDP-INFR-01

Hydrogen Dispensed by Quarter

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2009Q1

2009Q2

2009Q3

2009Q42010Q1

2010Q2

2010Q3

2010Q4

2011Q1

2011Q2

2011Q3

2011Q4

2012Q1

2012Q2

2012Q3

2012Q4

2013Q1

2013Q2

Hydrogen Dispensed By Quarter

Hydrogen Dispensed [1,000 kg]

 Cumulative Hydrogen Dispensed = 14,811 kg 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Cumulative Amount [1,000 kg]

All Sites By Quarter

Cumulative By Site

NREL cdp_infr_01

Created: Oct-14-13 4:22 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
4

CDP-INFR-02

Histogram of Fueling Rates

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Avg Fuel Rate (kg/min)

Number of Fueling Events [1,000]

Histogram of Fueling Rates

3 minute fill of

5 kg

3,880 Events

Average = 0.44 kg/min

2% >1 kg/min

0% >1.67 kg/min

Reference Line at 1 kg/min

2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone

NREL cdp_infr_02

Created: Oct-14-13 4:27 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
5

CDP-INFR-03

Histogram of Fueling Times 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Time (min)

Number of Fueling Events [1,000]

Histogram of Fueling Times

Average = 5.64 min

49% <5 min

13% <3 min

 Reference Line at 5 min

 2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone (5 kg in 3 min)

NREL cdp_infr_03

Created: Oct-14-13 4:28 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
6

CDP-INFR-04

Histogram of Fueling Amounts

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Amount Fueled (kg)

Number of Fueling Events [1,000]

Histogram of Fueling Amounts

 Average = 2.20 kg 

NREL cdp_infr_04

Created: Oct-14-13 4:28 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
7

CDP-INFR-05

Dispensed Hydrogen per Day of Week

Sun Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat 0

5

10

15

20

Dispensed Hydrogen [% of total]

Day of Week

Dispensed Hydrogen per Day of Week

0

5

10

15

20

9 kg/day avg

Daily Average [kg]

All Stations

Individual Stations

NREL cdp_infr_05

Created: Oct-14-13 4:29 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
8

CDP-INFR-06

Station Capacity Utilization 

1 2 3 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Station (Sorted By Increasing Station Capacity)

Capacity Utilization 1 [%]

Station Capacity Utilization

21.3%

Maximum Daily Utilization

Maximum Quarterly Utilization2

Average Daily Utilization2

NREL cdp_infr_06

Created: Oct-14-13 4:29 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2

Note: The focus for early stations

is geographic coverage

1

Station nameplate capacity reflects a variety of system design consderations including system capacity, throughput,

 system reliability and durability, and maintenance. Actual daily usage may exceed nameplate capacity.

2

Maximum quarterly utilization considers all days; average daily utilization considers only days when at least one filling occurred
9

CDP-INFR-07

Station Usage

1 2 3 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Station (Sorted By Increasing Station Capacity)

Fills Per Day 1

Station Usage

Maximum Daily Fills

Average Daily Fills2

NREL cdp_infr_07

Created: Oct-14-13 4:29 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2

Note: The focus for early stations

is geographic coverage

1

Excludes hydrogen fills of < 0.5 kg

2

Average daily fills considers only days when at least one fill occurred
10

CDP-INFR-08

Time Between Fueling 

<0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0

1

2

3

4

Simultaneous Fills

Back-to-Back Fills

6 % of fills are within 0-5 minutes of each other

85 % of fills have more than 20 minutes between them

3905 Total Fills

Time Between Fuelings* [min]

# of Fuelings [% of total]

Histogram of Time Between Fuelings

All Sites Combined

Individual Sites

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 0

20

40

60

80

Final Pressures for Fills with <5 Minutes in Between

# of Fuelings

Final Pressure [bar]

Previous Fill

Next Fill

NREL cdp_infr_08

Created: Oct-14-13 4:30 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2 *Time is from end of fill to start of next fill.
11

CDP-INFR-09

Fueling Final Pressures 

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

450 bar*

350 bar Fills (200 to 450 bar) 700 bar Fills ( > 450 bar)

Final Pressure [bar]

% of Fueling Events

Fueling Final Pressures

Avg Final Pressure = 346 bar

% of Fills > 350 bar = 41%

Number of Fills = 2057

Avg Final Pressure = 747 bar

% of Fills > 700 bar = 84%

Number of Fills = 1797

Average

Nominal

NREL cdp_infr_09

Created: Oct-14-13 4:30 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2 *The line at 450 bar separates 350 bar fills from 700 bar fills. It is slightly over 

the allowable 125% of nominal pressure (437.5 bar) from SAE J2601.
12

CDP-INFR-10

Cumulative Number of Stations

0

1

2

3

4

5

Number of Stations

Reporting Period

Cumulative Stations

NREL cdp_infr_10

Created Oct-10-13 8:07 AM
13

CDP-INFR-11

Hydrogen Stations by Type
14

CDP-INFR-12

Fueling Rates 350 vs. 700 bar

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Avg Fuel Rate (kg/min)

Number of Fueling Events

Histogram of Fueling Rates

350 vs 700 bar Fills

3 minute fill of

5 kg

Fill Type Avg %>1 %>1.67 Count

------------- ---------- ------- --------- --------

350 bar 0.42 5 1% 573

700 bar 0.37 3 0% 40

350 bar

700 bar

Reference Line at 1 kg/min

2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone

NREL cdp_infr_12

Created: Oct-14-13 4:31 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
15

CDP-INFR-13

Number of Fueling Events per Hour 

0 5 10 15 20 25 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Number of Fuelings in an Hour

Frequency [% of total]

Number of Fuelings Per Hour

NREL cdp_infr_13

Created: Oct-14-13 4:31 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2

Average: 1.4 per hour

Median: 1.0 per hour

Max: 23.0 per hour
16

CDP-INFR-14

Hydrogen Dispensed per Hour

0 5 10 15 20 25 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Amount Fueled in an Hour [kg]

Frequency [% of total]

Hydrogen Dispensed Per Hour

NREL cdp_infr_14

Created: Oct-14-13 4:31 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2

Average: 2.9 kgs per hour

Median: 2.5 kgs per hour

Max: 20.8 kgs per hour
17

CDP-INFR-15

Number of Fills by Time of Day 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Number Included

7,440 fills

Number of Fueling Events per Time of Day

Time of Day [hours]

Total Number of Fills [% of Total]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Max and Avg Number of Fills

Total

Max

Average

NREL cdp_infr_15

Created: Oct-14-13 4:32 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
18

CDP-INFR-16

Fueling Amounts per Time of Day 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Amount Included

14,920 kg

Fueling Amounts per Time of Day

Time of Day [hours]

Total Dispensed [% of Total]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Max and Avg Dispensed [kg]

Total

Max

Average

NREL cdp_infr_16

Created: Oct-14-13 4:32 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
19

CDP-INFR-17

Fueling Rates by Amount Filled 

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Average Fuel Rate [kg/min]

Number of Fueling Events

Histrogram of Fueling Rates by Amounts

0 to 0.5 kg

0.5 to 1 kg

1 to 2 kg

2 to 4 kg

4 to 6 kg

Reference Line at 1 kg/min

2012 MYPP Tech Val Milestone

NREL cdp_infr_17

Created: Oct-14-13 4:33 PM | Data Through: 2013Q2
20

CDP-INFR-18

Fueling Amount vs. Time to Fill