# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls
For the Eig hth Circu it

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No. 1 6- 39 74

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Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Ken ne th Davi d Haa g

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

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App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa - Dub uq ue

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Su bm it te d: Octo be r 16 , 20 17
Fil ed : No ve m

be r 28 , 20 17 [Un pu bl is he d]

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Befo re SM ITH, Chi ef J ud ge , GRUENDER and BENTON, Circu it Ju dg es

.

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PER CURI AM.

Ken ne th D. Haag pl ed g u i l t y to in te rs ta te tra ns m is si on , vi a te le ph on e, of a
th reat to in

jure an ot he r pe rs on in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. § 87 5( c). The di st ric t co ur t 1

The Hon or ab le Lin da R. Rea de

, Ch ie f Ju dg e, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Co ur t fo r 1
th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa

.se nt en ced hi m to 33 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t an d th ree y ears ’ su pe rv is ed rel eas e. He

vi ol at ed th e co nd it io ns of rel eas e an d serv ed an ot he r 10 m on th s. He agai n vi ol at ed

th e co nd it io ns of rel eas e. The co ur t se nt en ced hi m to an ad di ti on al 10 m on th s an d

on e y ear o f su pe rv is ed rel eas e. He ap pe al s. Hav in g ju ris di ct io n u nd er 2 8 U.S.C. §

12 91 , th is co ur t af

fir m s.

Haag vi ol at ed th e co nd it io ns of h is fir st ter m of su pe rv is ed rel eas e b y fai li ng

to co m pl y wit h m en ta l-h eal th tre at m en t, su bs ta nc e-ab us e te s t i ng , an d pr ob at io nof fic er di rect io ns

. The di st ric t co ur t m od ifi ed th e co nd it io ns

. Abo ut a y ear la te r, Haag vi ol at ed th em

. The co ur t rev ok ed hi s su pe rv is ed rel eas e, se nt en ci ng hi m to 10

m on th s’ im

pr is on m en t an d two y ears ’ su pe rv is ed rel eas e wit h th e fo ll owi ng sp eci al

co nd it io ns : “ pa rti ci pa te in a m en ta l he al th ev al ua ti on an d/ or tre at m en t pr o g r a m,”

“ ta ke al l m ed ic at io ns pr es cri be d to [h im ] by a li cen se d ps y ch ia tri st or ph y si ci an ,” an d

“ res id e in a Res id en ti al Reen try Cent er fo r a peri od of up to 12 0 d ay s” aft er re le as e

an d “ ab id e b y

all [it s] rul es an d re gu la ti on s.”

W it hi n a m on th of hi s se co nd rel eas e, Haag vi ol at ed th e co nd it io ns

. He fai le d

to co m pl y wit h m en ta l-h eal th tre at m en t a n d r e en try-cen te r ru le s. The cen te r

req ue st ed hi s rem ov al

. The di st ric t co ur t ag ai n rev ok ed hi s su pe rv i s e d r e l e a se ,

se nt en ci ng hi m to 10 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t an d on e y ear of su pe rv is ed rel eas e. Haag

ap pe al s.

Thi s co ur t rev ie ws “ th e de ci si on to rev o ke su pe rv is ed rel eas e fo r ab us e of

di sc ret io n.” Uni te d St at es v. Fro sc h

, 75 8 F.3d 10 12

, 10 14 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 ). A co ur t

m ay rev ok e if it “ fin ds by a pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce th at th e de fen da nt vi ol at ed

a co nd it io n of su pe rv is ed rel eas e.” 18 U.S.C. § 35 83 (e)( 3)

. “ A se nt en ce wit hi n th e
Gui de li ne s ran ge is acco rd ed a pr es um pt io n of subs ta

nti ve re as ona

ble ness on ap pe al .”

Uni te d S ta te s v. Pet re ik is , 55 1 F .3d 82 2, 8 24 (8t h C ir. 2 00 9)

.

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-Haag arg ue s hi s se nt en ce is “ gr eat er th an ne ces sa ry ” fo r hi s vi ol at io ns

. Thi s

arg um en t is wit ho ut m eri t. One co nd it io n r e q u i r e d Haag to ta ke “ al l m ed ic at io ns

pr es cri be d” by hi s l ic en se d p sychi at ris t o r ph y si ci an . The d is tri ct co ur t fo un d, b y a

pr ep on de ran ce, he vi ol at ed th is co nd it io n ba se d on hi s ex te ns iv e hi st or y of no nco m pl ia nc e:

Mr. Haag do es n o t a c cep t a di ag no si s of sc hi zo ph ren ia

. He al way s, is

m y m em or y , ha v i n g ha d hi m in co ur t m ul ti pl e ti m es , he al way s
q u e s t i on s th e di ag no se s, as well as th e tre at m en t. He ha s co ns is te nt l y refu se d to co m

pl y , kn owi ng fu ll well th at th at is go in g to res ul t in co ur t

act io n, an d th at ha sn ’t ch an ge d. Thi s is jus t a co nt in ui ng p o s i t i o n by
Mr. Haag

. I un de rs ta nd th at pe op le who ta ke cert ai n m ed i c a t i o n s fo r

m en ta l i l l ne ss do n’t li ke th e si de effe ct s. I ap pr eci at e th at

. Bu t if th e ch oi ce is li vi ng in th e co m m un it y an d no t be in g a da ng er or e n du rin g

so m e of th e si de effe ct s or wor ki ng wit h a ps y ch ia tri st to ge t th e do sa ge le ve l su ch th at th e si de effe ct s ar e mi n i mi z e d, it se em s to m e th at Mr. Haag is fu ll y cap ab le of m ak in g th e la tt er de ci si on , b u t h e ch oo se s in st ead to jus t fi gh t t he th in g c on ti nu al ly.

Ano th er c o n d i ti on req ui red Haag to fo ll ow th e ru le s of th e reen try cen te r.
Not in g “ a pa tt ern ” of “ th reat en in g beh av io r,” t he di st ric t co ur t fo un d a vi ol at io n b y

a pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce. Brea ki ng “ ru le s of th e reen try cen te r” m ay “ warra nt

th e rev oc at io n o f a s up erv is ed rel eas e,” i f a d efen da nt ’s act io ns in di cat e “ pe rv as iv e

un wil li ng ne ss to co m

p l y w it h co ur t or de rs an d th e or de rs of a reen try cen te r.” Se e
Uni te d St at es v. Mel to n , 66 6 F.3 d 51 3, 51 5- 16 (8 th Ci r. 20 12 ) (in t e r n al qu ot at io n

m ark s om it t e d )

. Se e al

so Uni te d St at es v. Bur kh al te r , 58 8 F.2 d 60 4, 60 7 (8 th Ci r.
19 78 ) (u ph ol di ng pr ob at io n rev oc at io n whe re th e de fen da nt ’s “ vi ol at io ns are no t

pa rti cu la rly s e r i o u s in te rm s of th ei r da ng er to so ci et y ,” bu t “ hi s be ha vi or in di cat es

a pe rv as iv e un wil li ng ne ss to fo ll ow th e reh ab il it at io n pro gr am ” an d an “ in ab il it y to

acce pt res po ns ib il it y an d to li ve wit hi n th e ru le s of hi s pr ob at i o n ”). Rev oc at io n is

“ wit hi n t he so un d d is cret io n o f th e d is tri ct co ur t.” Mel to n , 66 6 F .3d at 5 17

.

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-Haag al so be li ev es th e di st ric t co ur t fai le d to co ns id er hi s pr efer red tre at m en t

op ti on s or ot he r “ ki nd s of se nt en ces av ai la bl e.” The di st r i c t c ou rt co ns id ered

al te rn at iv e p la cem en ts , in cl ud in g Haa g’s p ro po se d P en n C en te r pl acement:

And th e ot he r pr ob le m is

, be cau se of hi s be ha vi or , he ha s be en rem ov ed
fro m th e res id en ti al reen try cen te r. He ne ed s su pe rv is io n. I do n’t ha ve

an y pl ace to pu t hi m

. He’s a th reat en in g pe rs on

. Tha t’s be en hi s hi st or y wit h t hi s C ou rt si nc e I m et up wit h hi m whe n I se nt en ced hi m in 20 13

.

. . . .

W he n so m eb od y is in a res id en ti al reen try cen te r an d th ey do n’t ob ey th e ru le s an d t he y

ge t k ic ke d ou t an d th e Co ur t th in ks th at su pe rv is io n is ne ces sa ry to reo rie nt so m eo ne to th e co m m un it y , it do es n’t le av e m e

m an y op ti on s.

. . . .

I ha ve no pl ace to pu t hi m in th e co m m un it y th at wou ld as su re th e sa fet y

o f th e co m

m un it y

. I kn ow ab so lu te ly no th in g ab ou t th e Pen n C e n t e r

. It’s p ur e sp ecu la ti on th at th ey ha ve faci li ti es for hi m , th at th e fac il it ie s

wou ld be ap pr op ria te fo r hi m

. It cert ai nl y wou ld no t be a co nt ro ll ed

en vi ro nm en t l ik e y ou ha ve in a co m m un it y co rrec ti on s cen te r or in th e Bu reau of P ris on s.

Im po si ng a wit hi n- gu id el ine se nte nc e, the dis tr ic t co ur t tho ro ug hl y co ns id ered Haag ’s

m en ta l he al th

, hi st or y of no n- co m pl ia nc e, an d “ each an d ev ery fact or un de r 18 Uni te d

St at es Co de Sect io n 35 53 (a) th at ap pl y in a rev o c a t io n pr oc eed in g.” The co ur t di d

no t ab us e it s di sc ret io n in rev ok in g Haag ’s su pe rv is ed rel eas e an d se nt en ci ng hi m to

10 m on th s.

* * * * * * *

The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed

.

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