Opinion issued April 25, 2024

In The

Court of Appeals 

For The

First District of Texas 

————————————

NO. 01-23-00783-CV

———————————

ALI NAWAZ PATHAN, Appellant

V.

MARIA PEREZ BARBOZA, Appellee

On Appeal from the 113th District Court

Harris County, Texas

Trial Court Case No. 2022-75534

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellant, Ali Nawaz Pathan, proceeding pro se, challenges the trial court’s 

rendition of summary judgment in favor of appellee, Maria Perez Barboza, in 

Barboza’s suit against Pathan for trespass to try title, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, 
2

fraudulent inducement, “filing fraudulent deed and lien,” unjust enrichment, money 

had and received, and declaratory judgment.

We dismiss the appeal.

On January 29, 2024, Pathan filed an appellant’s brief with this Court. On 

February 6, 2024, this Court notified Pathan that his appellant’s brief did not comply

with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure because, among other things, it did not 

“give a complete list of all parties to the trial court’s judgment or order appealed 

from, and the names and addresses of all trial and appellate counsel”; contain a table

of contents “indicat[ing] the subject matter of each issue or point, or group of issues 

or points”; contain an index of authorities; “state concisely the nature of the case,” 

“the course of the proceedings,” and “the trial court’s disposition of the case,”

“supported by record references”; “include a statement explaining why oral 

argument should or should not be permitted”; “state concisely all issues or points 

presented for review”; “state concisely and without argument the facts pertinent to 

the issues or points presented,” “supported by record references”; “contain a 

succinct, clear, and accurate statement of the arguments made in the body of the 

brief”; and “contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with 

appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(a), 

(b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i). Pathan’s January 29, 2024 appellant’s brief also 
3

failed to comply with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4. See TEX. R. APP. P.

9.4.

Thus, on February 6, 2024, the Court struck Pathan’s January 29, 2024 

appellant’s brief and ordered Pathan to file a corrected appellant’s brief that 

complied with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure within thirty days of the date 

of the Court’s order. The Court informed Pathan that if he did not file a corrected 

appellant’s brief that complied with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, it

would strike his corrected brief, prohibit Pathan from filing another, proceed as if 

Pathan had failed to file an appellant’s brief, and dismiss his appeal. See TEX. R.

APP. P. 38.8(a)(1), 38.9(a), 42.3(b), 43.2(f); see also Tucker v. Fort Worth & W. R.R. 

Co., No. 02-19-00221-CV, 2020 WL 3969586, at *1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth June 

18, 2020, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (striking amended brief and dismissing appeal for 

want of prosecution where appellant ordered to file amended brief but amended brief 

also failed to comply with Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure); Tyurin v. Hirsch & 

Westheimer, P.C., No. 01-17-00014-CV, 2017 WL 4682191, at *1–2 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 19, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (same). On March 4, 2024, 

appellant filed his corrected brief.

“An appellate brief is meant to acquaint the court with the issues in a case and 

to present argument that will enable the court to decide the case.” Schied v. Merritt, 

No. 01-15-00466-CV, 2016 WL 3751619, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 
4

July 12, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (internal quotations omitted). The Texas Rules 

of Appellate Procedure control the required contents and organization of an 

appellant’s brief. Id.; see TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1. They contain “specific requirements 

for briefing that require, among other things, that an appellant provide . . . an 

argument that is clear and concise with appropriate citations to authorities and the 

record.” Tyurin, 2017 WL 4682191, at *1 (internal quotations omitted); Lemons v. 

Garmond, No. 01-15-00570-CV, 2016 WL 4701443, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston 

[1st Dist.] Sept. 8, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (internal quotations omitted); see 

also TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i); Irisson v. Lone Star Nat’l Bank, No. 13-19-00239-CV, 

2020 WL 6343336, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg Oct. 29, 2020, no 

pet.) (mem. op.) (“When an appellant’s brief fails to contain a clear and concise 

argument for the contentions made with appropriate citations to authorities, the 

appellate court is not responsible for doing the legal research that might support a 

party’s contentions.”). 

The appellate briefing requirements are mandatory. M&E Endeavors LLC v. 

Air Voice Wireless LLC, Nos. 01-18-00852-CV, 01-19-00180-CV, 2020 WL 

5047902, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Aug. 17, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.). 

“Only when [the Court is] provided with proper briefing may [it] discharge [its]

responsibility to review the appeal and make a decision that disposes of the appeal 

one way or the other.” Bolling v. Farmers Branch Indep. Sch. Dist., 315 S.W.3d 
5

893, 895 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.); see also Roberts for Roberts v. City of 

Texas City, No. 01-21-00064-CV, 2021 WL 5702464, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston 

[1st Dis.] Dec. 2, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (appellate court may not “abandon[] its 

role as judge and assum[e] the role of advocate for a party”).

In Texas, an individual who is a party to civil litigation has the right to 

represent himself at trial and on appeal. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 7; Steele v. Humphreys, 

No. 05-19-00988-CV, 2020 WL 6440499, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Nov. 3, 2020, 

no pet.) (mem. op.); Bolling, 315 S.W.3d at 895; see also Ex parte Shaffer, 649 

S.W.2d 300, 302 (Tex. 1983). The right of self-representation carries with it the 

responsibility to adhere to the rules of evidence and procedure, including the Texas 

Appellate Rules of Procedure, if a party chooses to represent himself at the appellate 

level. Steele, 2020 WL 6440499, at *2; Bolling, 315 S.W.3d at 895; see also 

Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184 (Tex. 1978) (“[N]o basis exists 

for differentiating between litigants represented by counsel and litigants not 

represented by counsel in determining whether the rules of procedure must be 

followed.”); Yeldell v. Denton Cent. Appraisal Dist., No. 2-07-313-CV, 2008 WL 

4053014, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 29, 2008, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (“On 

appeal, as at trial, the pro se appellant must properly present her case.”). Thus, a pro 

se litigant is held to the same standard as a licensed attorney and must comply with 

the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Garrett v. Lee, No. 01-21-00498-CV, 
6

2021 WL 5702177, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 2, 2021, pet. denied) 

(mem. op.); Holz v. United States of Am. Corp., No. 05-13-01241-CV, 2014 WL 

6555024, at *1–2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Oct. 23, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.); Yeldell, 

2008 WL 4053014, at *2 (“[A]ll parties appearing in the appellate courts of Texas 

must conform to the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.”).

An appellate court must examine an appellant’s brief for compliance with the 

Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. Steele, 2020 WL 6440499, at *2; Lipscomb v. 

City of Dallas Police, No. 05-16-01090-CV, 2017 WL 1149674, at *1 (Tex. App.—

Dallas Mar. 27, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.). If the court determines that the briefing 

rules have been flagrantly violated, it may require a brief to be amended, 

supplemented, or redrawn. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.9(a); Irisson, 2020 WL 6343336, 

at *3; see also Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284

(Tex. 1994). When an appellant is allowed an opportunity to file a corrected 

appellant’s brief, he is given a reasonable amount of time to do so. See Irisson, 2020 

WL 6343336, at *3. If the appellant files another appellant’s brief that does not 

comply with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, an appellate court may strike 

the brief, prohibit appellant from filing another, and proceed as if the appellant failed 

to file a brief. See TEX.R. APP. P. 38.9(a); Tucker, 2020 WL 3969586, at *1 (striking 

amended brief and dismissing appeal for want of prosecution where appellant 

ordered to file amended brief but amended brief still did not comply with Texas 
7

Rules of Appellate Procedure); Tyurin, 2017 WL 4682191, at *1–2 (same); see also

TEX. R. APP. P. 38.8(a)(1) (where appellant has failed to file brief, appellate court 

may dismiss appeal for want of prosecution), 42.3(b), 43.2(f).

Although Pathan was given an opportunity to file a corrected appellant’s brief 

that complied with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, he has failed to do so. 

See Garrett, 2021 WL 5702177, at *3 (appellant given opportunity to cure defects 

in his briefing, but he failed to do so); Steele, 2020 WL 6440499, at *1–3 (same). 

On March 4, 2024, Pathan filed a corrected appellant’s brief, but it does not “state 

concisely the nature of the case,” “the course of the proceedings,” and “the trial 

court’s disposition of the case,” “supported by record references”; “state concisely 

and without argument the facts pertinent to the issues or points presented,” 

“supported by record references”; “contain a succinct, clear, and accurate statement 

of the arguments made in the body of the brief”; and “contain a clear and concise 

argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to 

the record.” See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(d), (g), (h), (i); In re Hammond, No. 

04-17-00371-CV, 2018 WL 843062, at *1–3 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Feb. 14, 

2018, no pet.) (mem. op.) (appellant’s brief violated Texas Rules of Appellate 

Procedure where it did not “include a clear and concise argument for the contentions 

made”); Bolling, 315 S.W.3d at 896 (“[S]tatements of fact must be supported by 

direct references to the record that are precise in locating the fact asserted. If record 
8

references are not made or are inaccurate, misstated, or misleading, the brief fails. 

And, just as importantly, existing legal authority applicable to the facts and the 

questions [the appellate court is being] called on to answer must be accurately cited. 

References to legal authority that have nothing to do with the issue to be decided are 

contrary to the requirement[s] of [the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure]. 

References to sweeping statements of general law are rarely appropriate. If [the 

court is] not provided with existing legal authority that can be applied to the facts of 

the case, the brief fails.”); see also Golden v. Milstead Towing & Storage, Nos. 

09-21-00043-CV to 09-21-00045-CV, 2022 WL 1412303, at *2 (Tex. App.—

Beaumont May 5, 2022, no pet.) (mem. op.) (appellant’s brief did not comply with 

Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.1(i) where it was disjointed and difficult to 

follow and appellant’s arguments were confusing); Amrhein v. Bollinger, 593 

S.W.3d 398, 402–03 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2019, no pet.) (appellant’s brief did not 

comply with Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure where it did not provide “succinct, 

clear, and accurate arguments addressing how [appellant’s] complaints ha[d] 

merit”).

Pathan’s March 4, 2024 corrected appellant’s brief also does not comply with 

Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4. See TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4; see also Porter v. 

Kennard Law PC, No. 01-22-00153-CV, 2022 WL 11413164, at *5–6 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] Oct. 20, 2022, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (striking appellant’s 
9

corrected brief and dismissing appeal where corrected brief, among other things, did 

not comply with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4); Shull v. Westover Crossing 

(San Antonio) Homeowners’ Ass’n, No. 04-15-00692-CV, 2016 WL 7119051, at *1–

2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Dec. 7, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (striking appellant’s 

amended brief and dismissing appeal where amended brief did comply with Texas 

Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4). This Court cannot remedy the deficiencies in 

Pathan’s corrected appellant’s brief for him. See Porter, 2022 WL 11413164, at *5–

6; Strange v. Cont’l Cas. Co., 126 S.W.3d 676, 678 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. 

denied).

When, as here, an appellant files an appellant’s brief that does not comply 

with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure and then files a corrected brief or 

amended brief that also does not comply, “the [appellate] court may strike the brief, 

prohibit the [appellant] from filing another, and proceed as if the [appellant] had 

failed to file a brief.” TEX. R. APP. P. 38.9(a); see also Garrett, 2021 WL 5702177, 

at *3; Tyurin, 2017 WL 4682191, at *2. When an appellant fails to file an appellant’s 

brief, the Court may dismiss his appeal for want of prosecution. TEX. R. APP. P.

38.8(a)(1); Garrett, 2021 WL 5702177, at *3; Tyurin, 2017 WL 4682191, at *2. 

Accordingly, we strike Pathan’s March 4, 2024 corrected appellant’s brief, and we 

dismiss the appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.9(a), 42.3(b), 43.2(f); Garrett, 2021 WL 
10

5702177, at *3; Tyurin, 2017 WL 4682191, at *2. We dismiss any pending motions 

as moot.

Julie Countiss

Justice

Panel consists of Justices Kelly, Countiss, and Rivas-Molloy.