JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 JUNE 1991

ANNIVESUMMRY

A N N I V E R S A R Y

1941 - 1991 'PRS Report--

Epidemiology

AIDS

I I5R1UTnON BTATmam~ A

Apprve~d tom pabft roe="a

j9g050 002QUAIN W a

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161
Epidemiology

AIDS

JPRS-TEP-91-012 CONTENTS 5 June 1991

[This EPIDEMIOLOGY report contains only material on AIDS. Other epidemiology topics are covered in a later

issue.]

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

ANGOLA

Official Discusses AIDS Figures [Maputo NOTICIAS, 18 Apr 91] ................................................... I

BOTSWANA

'Up To 67,000' Infected With AIDS Virus

[Johannesburg South African Broadcasting Corporation Network, 30 May 91] ................................ I

CAMEROON

Over 200 New AIDS Cases Reported [Yaounde CR TV Radio Network, 12 May 91] ..................... 1

AIDS Prevention Committee Reorganized [Yaounde CRTV Radio Network, 23 May 91] .............. 1

KENYA

Official Says Over 17,000 AIDS Cases in Country

[Nairobi Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Network, 29 May 91] .................................................... 1

MOZAMBIQUE

Fifteen AIDS Cases in Cabo Delgado Province

[M aputo Radio M ozambique Network, 20 M ay 91] .......................................................................... 1

NAMIBIA

Official Releases 'Shocking' AIDS Statistics [Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 4 May 91] .... 2

NIGERIA

AIDS Conference Postponed Due to Lack of Funds [Lagos Radio Nigeria Network, 23 May 91] .. 2

SOUTH AFRICA

Health Official: AIDS Threat to Cape Town

[Clive Sawyer; Cape Town THE ARGUS, 12 M ar 91] ..................................................................... 2

ANC Launches AIDS Education Campaign

[Sipho Ngcobo; Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Mar 91] ......................................................... 2

HIV Incidence Among Pregnant Women Surveyed [Cape Town THE ARGUS, 18 Mar 91] .......... 3

AIDS Statistics Released 16 May [Johannesburg SAPA, 16 May 91] ................................................ 3

Government Reports 'About 100,000' AIDS Carriers

[Johannesburg South African Broadcasting Corporation Network, 21 May 91] ................................ 4

SWAZILAND

WHO Director General Shocked at AIDS Statistics

[Vusie Ginindza; Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 3 May 91] ......................................... 4

Health Workers 'Alarmed' at rise in AIDS, Homosexuality

[Vusie Ginindza; Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 15 May 91] ...................................... 4
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 2 AIDS

TANZANIA

Kagera Region Reports 30,000 AIDS-Related Deaths

[Dar es Salaam Radio Tanzania Network, 9 M ay 91] ..................................................................... 5

ZAMBIA

Over 4,000 AIDS Cases Reported in Zambia by Dec 1990 . [Lusaka Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation Network, 9 May 91] ...................................... 5

ZIMBABWE

Bulawayo Report Says AIDS Kills 27 in March 1991 [Johannesburg Radio RSA, 15 May 91] ...... 5

HIV Positive Study Shows Male Prevalence [Harare THE HERALD, 27 Mar 91] ......................... 6

CHINA

An Epidemiological Study on HIV Infection in Ruili County, Yunnan Province

[Zhang Jiapeng, Cheng Hehe et al.; ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL

OF EPID EM IOLO G Y] Feb] ........................................................................................................................ 7

VD, AIDS Spreading Widely [Huang Chin; Hong Kong MING PAO YUE KAN No 302, Feb 91] ........... 7

Report Notes Over 1,000 AIDS Virus Carriers in Yunnan [Hong Kong MING PAO, 4 May 91] ............ 9

First Case of AIDS Found in Sichuan [Su Bing; Beijing ZHONGGUO XINWEN SHE, 12 May 91] ...... 10

EAST ASIA

BURMA

Prevention of AIDS Viewed as National Priority

[Rangoon THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY, 13 Apr 91] ............................................................ 11

SINGAPORE

Four More Singaporeans Infected With AIDS in March

[Singapore THE SUNDAY TIM ES, 12 M ay 91] ............................................................................... 1

Health Ministry Says Four More Men Infected With AIDS

[Singapore THE STRAITS TIM ES, 29 M ay 91] ............................................................................... 1I 

THAILAND

Profile of AIDS Victims in Lampang [Bangkok DAO SIAM, 5 Mar 91] ......................................... 12

Chiang Mai Expert Views AIDS Spread [Bangkok SIAM RAT, 11 Mar 91] .................................. 12

Education, Health Ministries To Cooperate on AIDS [Bangkok DAO SIAM, 11 Mar 91] ............. 13

Medical Official Views IV Drug Use, AIDS [Bangkok DAO SIAM, 16 Mar 91] ........................... 13

Health Official on AIDS Budget, Foreign Help [Bangkok DAILY NEWS, 18 Mar 91] .................. 14

AIDS Sampling Shows Diversified Risk Groups

[James Fahn; Bangkok THE NATION, 19 M ar 91] ....................................................................... 14

Army Doctor Comments on HIV Surveys, Behavior Trends

[Danaiya Usher, Mukdawan Sakboon; Bangkok THE NATION, 22 Mar 91] ................................ 16

HIV Incidence in North Reviewed [Bangkok BANGKOK POST, 9 Apr 91] ................................... 17

Over 9,000 Test HIV Positive in 3 Northern Provinces

[Nirundon Suchari, Bangkok THE NATION, 17 May 91] .............................................................. 17

Nearly 300,000 Thais HIV Positive [Hong Kong AFP, 26 May 91] ............................................... 17

EAST EUROPE

REGIONAL AFFAIRS

Sweden Helping East Europe Fight AIDS

[Anna-Lena Haverdahl; Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET, 24 Mar 91] .................................... 19
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 3 AIDS

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

AIDS Statistics From Czech Republic [Prague RUDE PRAVO, 21 May 91] .................................. 19

POLAND

AIDS Incidence Among Drug Users Increasing [Warsaw GAZETA WYBORCZA, 10 May 91] ..... 19

LATIN AMERICA

ARGENTINA

Five Hundred AIDS Deaths During 1982-90 [Buenos Aires TELAM, I May 91] ......................... 20

BRAZIL

AIDS Rising Among Sao Paulo Drug Users

[Neldson Marcolin; 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO, 18 Apr 91] ....................................................... 20

Health Ministry Provides AIDS Update

[Brasilia Radio Nacional da Amazonia Network, 17 May 91] ....................................................... 20

CHILE

Minister Voices 'Concern' Over AIDS Increase [Santiago Radio Chilena Network, 3 May 91] ...... 21

CUBA

Update of AIDS Cases, AIDS-Related Deaths [Havana Radio Progreso Network, 24 May 91] ...... 21

HONDURAS

Alarming Increase in AIDS [Tegucigalpa LA TRIBUNA, 15 Mar 91] ............................................ 21

PANAMA

Health Ministry Records 266 Cases of AIDS, 161 Deaths

[Jose Gonzalez, Panama City EL SIGLO, 22 May 91] ................................................................... 22

ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

Three New AIDS Cases Recorded [Bridgetown CANA, 14 May 91] .............................................. 22

URUGUAY

Eighty AIDS Fatalities Confirmed; Many Infected [Madrid EFE, 3 May 91] ................................ 22

VENEZUELA

Health Ministry Reports 637 People Victims of AIDS [Madrid EFE, 8 May 91] ......................... 22

NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA

BANGLADESH

AIDS Problem Needs Urgent Attention [Dhaka THE NEW NATION, 15 Apr 91] ...................... 23

PAKISTAN

AIDS Testing Center Established at Port Office [Karachi DA WN, 12 May 91] .............................. 23
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 4 AIDS

SOVIET UNION

Compulsory AIDS Insurance Introduced for Health Workers [Moscow TASS, 30 Apr 91] .................... 25

Over 600 Soviets, 586 Foreigners With AIDS Virus

[M oscow All-Union Radio M ayak Network, 3 M ay 91] ........................................................................... 25

Nine AIDS Cases Reported in Latvia [Riga Radio Riga International, 7 May 91] .................................. 25

News AIDS Treatment Said To Outperform U.S. Drug

[V. Sanatin; Moscow KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAPVDA, 25 May 91] ......................................................... 25

WEST EUROPE

REGIONAL AFFAIRS

EC To Adopt AIDS Action Plan

[Luxembourg OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 19 Jan 91] .......... 26

DENMARK

Funds for Home Care of AIDS Patients

[Jens-Arne Sorensen; Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 5 Feb 91] ...................................... 29

Study of Prostitution, AIDS Link [Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 21 Mar 91] .............. 29

Greenland AIDS Information Project Debate [Nuuk GRONLANDSPOSTEN, 22 Mar 91] ............ 30

Agency Acts To Protect Blood Supply ................................................................................................ 30

AIDS-Risk Donors Screened

[Jesper Olsen; Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 24 Mar 91] .................................... 30

Minister Issues Order

[Sten Tolderlund, Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 23 Apr 91] ............................... 30

Measures Seen Adequate

[Sten Tolderlund; Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 24 Apr 91] ............................... 31

Concern Over Hepatitis C [Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 27 Apr 91] ................. 32

Agency Issues Report on AIDS, Drug Link

[Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 28 Mar 91] ..................................................................... 32

Job Site AIDS Program Presented

[Anette Juul-Madsen; Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 17 Apr 91] ..................................... 33

FINLAND

Increased Funding for AIDS Centers [Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 15 Feb 91] .................. 33

New Projection Model for AIDS Cases [Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 16 Mar 91] ............... 33

Dispute Over Funding of AIDS Center [Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMA T, 18 Mar 91] ............... 34

IRELAND

Continuing Spread of AID S Reported ................................................................................................ 35

Actuaries' Report JEilish O'Regan; Dublin IRISH INDEPENDENT, 21 Mar 91] ................ 35

Latest Statistics [John Foley; Dublin IRISH INDEPENDENT, 19 Mar 91] ........................... 35

SWEDEN

'HIV' Man Reincarcerated by Authorities [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER, 21 Apr 91] .............. 36
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1

ANGOLA AIDS Prevention Committee Reorganized

AB2505204191 Yaounde CRTV Radio Network

Official Discusses AIDS Figures in French 1900 GMT 23 May 91

91P40260A Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese [Excerpt] In order to step up the fight against AIDS in

18 Apr 91 p 4 Cameroon, the National Committee for the Prevention

of AIDS has been reorganized by a decision by Public

[Excerpt] A source from the Angolan Ministry of Health Health Minister Joseph Mbede. Executive and consultainformed LUSA that close to 211 cases of AIDS were tive groups have been created within the committee. The

registered in Angola in December 1990. According to the service has become a combat unit which will henceforth

director of the National Anti-AIDS Program in Angola, operate within the directorate of the department of

Elsa Montez, the number does not necessarily reflect the preventive and rural medicine. This reorganization will

real situation since many cases are not reported and help to perpetuate efforts to fight AIDS in Cameroon.

many patients do not come to the hospital. Zaire and [passage omitted]

Cabinda Provinces are the most affected because they

border on Congo and Zaire, two countries with a high

rate of AIDS cases. Luanda is the province with the KENYA

highest number of registered cases.

Elsa Montez said that, in Angola, the 20-39 age bracket

shows the highest incidence-77.3 percent. In addition, Official Says Over 17,000 AIDS Cases in Country

the director of the National Anti-AIDS Program EA0306090691 Nairobi Kenya Broadcasting

announced the imminent creation of a documentation Corporation Network in English 1600 GMT 29 May 91

center in Luanda where people could receive more

information on the disease and appealed to national and [Text] Kenya currently has over 17,000 confirmed

international groups to take part in the fight against Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS, sufAIDS. [passage omitted] ferers. About 700 children of below five years old have

also been proved of suffering from the deadly disease.

The director of medical services, Prof. Joseph Oliech,

BOTSWANA decried the growth as shockingly unbearable since the

discovery of the first AIDS sufferer in the country in

1984. Giving a breakdown of recorded cases per prov- 'Up To 67,000' Infected With AIDS Virus ince, the Coast Province has stood in the first place with

MB3005144591 Johannesburg South African 7,985, followed by Nyanza having 3,848; Nairobi, 2,542;

Broadcasting Corporation Network in Afrikaans Western, 1,054; Eastern, 663; Central, 632; Rift Valley,

1400 GMT 30 May 91 594; while Northeastern Province comes last with 22

[Text] Up to 67,000 of Botswana's 1.3 million people reported cases.

could be infected with the AIDS virus. The medical director gave the revelation to the press in

his office today. He noted that the AIDS virus was

The coordinator of Botswana's AIDS control program, transmitted through sexual intercourse and appealed to

Dr. Machetso Mmudi, says if the spread of AIDS con- Kenyans to refrain from promiscuity. Noting that blood

tinues at its present rate, 135,000 people could be transfusion also contributed to the transmission of the

infected with the virus by the end of next year. disease, Professor Oliech appealed to all medical workers

in the country to see that blood was strictly screened

before transfusion. He said campaigns against the

CAMEROON scourge would continue and warned that currently there

was no cure for it, but for people to exercise prevention

Over 200 New AIDS Cases Reported measures.

AB1205203391 Yaounde CRTV Radio Network

in French 1900 GMT 12 May 91 MOZAMBIQUE

[Excerpt] The latest figures on the assessment of AIDS

cases in Cameroon were released this morning. Over 200

new cases were recorded for the January through 30 Fifteen AIDS Cases in Cabo Delgado Province

April period alone, which brings to 400 the total number MB2005123891 Maputo Radio Mozambique Network

of AIDS cases detected in our hospitals. The in Portuguese 1030 GMT2O May 91

Cameroonian Ministry of Health has just given this

figure to the WHO. As for the seropositives, they cur- [Text] The number of people in Cabo Delgado Province

rently make up two percent of the population, which, affected by AIDS has risen to 15. In addition to the nine

unfortunately, foretells an ever increasing number of AIDS cases confirmed by the national laboratory, six

patients in the months ahead. [passage omitted] cases were reported recently.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

2 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5 June 1991

NAMIBIA But Dr. Popkiss said preventive education could still

help.

Official Releases 'Shocking' AIDS Statistics In his annual report he said that by last June there were

MB1205060691 Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER 551 known HIV-infected people in the Western Cape

in English 4 May 91 p I and 71 with AIDS.

[Unattributed report: "AIDS Shock"] The City Council AIDS Training, Information and

[Text] Shocking [Tex] statistics tatitic Sockng onthetota on the total number nuberof of AIDS IDS Counselling month and distributed Centre had more about than 2,000 i170,000 incoming pamphlets calls ina

cases registered in Namibia since the beginning of this Engh and disarikaans pamphlets wn

year have been released. Mr. Stephen Titus, an epidemi- English and Xhosa. Afrikaans pamphlets will be sent out

ologist at the Windhoek State Hospital, told the this year.

Observer that the number of Namibians who were tested

positively for the disease during the first three months of Should Stay a Priority

this year, equalled about two thirds of the total number

of AIDS cases registered in 1990. Dr. Popkiss said AIDS should remain a priority of the

He described the situation as being "alarming" and said council, the State and the private sector.

people who were tested HIV-positive would possibly Excluding syphilis and gonorrhoea, the number of new

suffer from full-blown AIDS within five-to ten years. He cases of sexually transmitted diseases increased by 51.23

added that a positive HIV-test was a death certificate. percent in 1989/1990. [Passage omitted]

A total of 220 HIV-positive cases were identified

between January and March this year, compared to 47 ANC Launches AIDS Education Campaign

during the same period last year. Of these, three were

children not older than four years of age. 91 WE0307A Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 17 Mar 91 p 7

Altogether 99 HIV-infected cases were registered in the

Central part of Namibia during the past three months.

This includes Windhoek, Swakopmund, Omaruru, Oka- [Article by Sipho Ngcobo: "ANC Spearheads Big AIDS

handja, Otjiwarongo, Outjo, Tsumeb, Grootfontein, Action Drive"]

Gobabis. Another 71 cases were registered in the Northeast of Namibia, 34 in the North-west and 15 in the South. [Text] The ANC has launched a mass house-to-house

campaign to educate people about the dangers of AIDS.

NIGERIA Campaign committee head Mzwai Piliso said this week

that the AIDS education campaign was part of a number

AIDS Conference Postponed Due to Lack of of mass campaigns launched by the ANC.

Funds Others included the education crisis campaign, the cam- AB2305235091 Lagos Radio Nigeria Network paign for the release of political prisoners and a signature in English 0600 GMT 23 May 91 campaign.

[Text] The national conference on AIDS and the other

sexually transmitted diseases planned to be held in Jos

on the 28th of this month to the fourth of next month has Urgent

been postponed indefinitely due to inadequate financial The signature campaign kicks off this week with counsupport. In a statement, the chairman of the local orga- trywide newspaper advertisements which have cost the

nizing committee, Professor Bendel, regrets any incon- organisation an estimated R120,000.

venience caused to intending participants.

Its aim is to mobilise the masses to campaign for a

SOUTH AFRICA constituent assembly and an interim government.

The AIDS campaign started in Natal with seminars by Health Official: AIDS Threat to Cape Town the ANC's health secretariat and will later be "taken into

91 WEO307B Cape Town THE ARGUS in English every house" by the organisation's branches. 12 Mar 91 p 1 Said Mr. Piliso: "the ANC sees the AIDS issue as

[Article by Clive Sawyer: "AIDS a Grave Threat to Cape something that needs urgent attention. The education of

Town-Popkiss] the masses is of vital importance."

[Excerpt] AIDS was a grave threat to Cape Town, Mr. Piliso said the ANC was concerned about the spread

according to Dr. Michael Popkiss, City Council Medical of AIDS and the complacency among South AfricansOfficer of Health. particularly the youth.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 3

He said it was alarming that many South Africans In the survey conducted during October/November

continued to ignore the killer epidemic. 1990, tests were done on 14,376 blood samples taken

from anonymous pregnant women attending ante-natal

"This is a deadly virus that cannot be ignored. We feel clinics.

we have to educate our people about the dangers of the

disease," Mr. Piliso said. A positive geographic distribution was also found.

The ANC's AIDS campaign comes at a time when the The highest incidence of HIV infection was found in

heterosexual spread of AIDS has reached alarming pro- Natal/Kwazulu (1.61 percent), followed by the Free State

portions. and Transvaal (0.58 and 0.53 percent respectively). The

According to the National Health and Population Devel- lowest incidence occurred in the Cape (0.16 percent).

opment Department, 446,000 South Africans are

expected to be HIV positive by the end of this year. The sample was selected from pregnant women because

they are believed to be most representative of the general

By late last year, the number of reported AIDS cases had population.

increased to 554. The number of deaths was 250-a 45

percent fatality rate. Extrapolations from the results gave an estimated total

of 73,948 HIV -infected people in South Africa at the

Of the total number of cases, 422 were men and most end [of] last year.

cases (198) occurred in the 20-39 age group.

The figures resulting from the survey, which will be

The department said the virus was taking a heavy toll on repeated annually and will probably be extended to

the most economically active age group. include the TBVC [Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda,

According to the World Health Organisation, about 45 Ciskei) regions, are necessary for the planning of propercent of South Africa's workforce could be HIV- grammes to manage and monitor the incidence of AIDS

positive if nothing is done to prevent the spread of the in South Africa, Dr. Venter said.

disease.

AIDS Statistics Released 16 May

Orphans MB1605201691 Johannesburg SAPA in English

At least one HIV-infected baby is born in South Africa 2006 GMT 16 May 91

every day.

[Text] Pretoria May 16 SAPA-Altogether 292 people At Soweto's Baragwanath hospital alone, 300 HIV out of a total of 722 AIDS-infected cases reported in

infected mothers gave birth last year-a threefold South Africa from 1982 to 1991 have died, bringing the

increase on 1989. case-fatality rate to 40 percent.

WHO estimates that by 1992 more than four million These figures, based on anonymous data supplied by the

children will have been born to infected mothers and an SA [South African] Institue for Medical Research, were

additional 10-million children will be orphaned as their released in Pretoria on Thursday by the Department of

parents die of the disease. Health and Population Development.

The organisation estimates that between eight and 10

million people world-wide are already HIV positive and Of the 722 reported cases, 535 were males ranging in age

about 1.2 million men, women and children have full- from up to nine years to more than 70 years, and 184

blown AIDS. females iFhe same age group.

According to the report, the majority of cases-deaths in

HIV Incidence Among Pregnant Women Surveyed brackets-as at May 6 this year occurred in the Transvaal, 355 (185); Natal, 220 (30); the Cape, 121 (64); and

91 WEO307C Cape Town THE ARGUS in English the [Orange] Free State, 236 (13). Johannesburg, Cape

18 Mar 91 p 7 Town, Durban and Bloemfontein-in that order-had

the most cases.

[Text] Pretoria-Dr. Rina Venter, Minister of National

Health and Health Services, has announced that the Transmission categories were given as homo/bisexual,

highest incidence of HIV positive pregnant women in 314, heterosexual, 270, haemophiliac, 16, blood transfuSouth Africa occurred in the Natal/Kwazulu region. sion, 20, paediatric, 101, and intravenous drug use, one.

Dr. Venter was announcing the results of the first Transmission by ethnic groups, male and female, were

national HIV survey of women attending ante-natal blacks, 356, whites 336, "coloureds," 22 and Asians,

clinics, five.
JPRS-TEP-91-01 2

4 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5 June 1991

Government Reports 'About 100,000' AIDS "But I have been made to believe that most people in

Carriers Swaziland die without being tested.

MB2105145091 Johannesburg South .4frican "This is very dangerous because all the people that a

Broadcasting Corporation Network in Afrikaans victim might have infected before his death will never

1400 GMT 21 May 91 know it until they have infected many others," he said.

[Text] There are already about 100,000 AIDS carriers in Dr. Nakajima emphasised that AIDS carriers should not

South Africa. The head of the AIDS division in the be revealed and condemned other countries that have

Department of National Health and Population Devel- resorted to revealing such patient.

opment, Dr. Amanda Holmesworth, said in Pretoria that

up to 300 people are infected with the AIDS virus daily. "Revealing them is not the solution but awareness in an

individual is important. Afterall, there is a 10 year She denied reports that the department is concealing the period between the contracting of the disease and

true AIDS situation. death," he said.

Dr. Holmesworth appealed to the media to approach

reports on the subject with sensitivity and not to sensationalize the issue. Health Workers 'Alarmed' at rise in AIDS,

Homosexuality

SWAZILAND MB1505085891 Mbabane THE TIMES OF

SWAZILAND in English 15 May 91 pp 1, 24

WHO Director General Shocked at AIDS

Statistics [Report by Vusie Ginindza: "Increasing Homosexual

MB0305082491 Mbabane THE TIMES OF Cases Cause Concern, Spread AIDS"]

SWAZILAND in English 3 May 91 p 1 [Text] Health workers yesterday expressed alarm at the

[Report by Vusie Ginindza: "AIDS May Wipe Out 80 fast increase in the number of homosexuals in this

Percent in Five Years"] country.

[Text] Director General of the World Health Organisa- Speaking at a conference on women and health, various

tion, Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, has said over 80 percent health field workers said they had noted with concern

(about 600,000 people) of the Swazi population will be that the practice of sodomy which is a relatively new

AIDS infected by 1996 if the present spread is not trend in the kingdom, was rising among young people

halted, and fuelling the dreaded spread of AIDS.

He said that he is shocked at the statistics on sexually Homosexuals, according to international health experts,

transmitted diseases recorded by the Mbabane Govern- are the most susceptible to the killer disease.

ment Hospital. "I've been told that most of the cases of The speakers said the practice had been found mainly

syphilis in the report have tested HIV positive," he said. among prisoners and school children.

Speaking during an exclusive interview with THE A spokesman for Care International Project Mrs. NomaTIMES before he left the country Dr. Nakajima stated joni Ntombela disclosed that out of 35 full blown AIDS

that he was very disappointed at the way surveys on the cases presently reported in Swaziland, 15 were found to

prevalence of AIDS were being conducted in the country be prisoners.

and said as far as he could see, the number of cases

nationwide is probably three times the figure that has This, she said, was believed to be associated with acts of

been reported. homosexuality among inmates.

The director general disclosed that an AIDS cure might A total of 576 prisoners had been tested during the

be available in the country in five years' time, that is survey, she said.

1996. Mrs. Ntombela was one of the two speakers who made

He said a few candidate medicines have already been presentations during the seminar which started on

picked for the final tests and they may confirm the best Monday and ends today.

in about four years. Participants were women from different campanies, gov-

"But even if the medicine comes, there would be no one ernment and non-governmental organisations in the

left here if Swazi people carry on like this," he said. country.

He expressed grave concern at the high incidence of Chief Nursing Officer, Mrs. Nester Shongwe, agreed

tuberculosis [TB] and sexually transmitted diseases and with Mrs. Ntombela and pointed out that it has long

explained that TB has now been confirmed a disease that been known that prisoners who have been starved of

attacks HIV positive people. some form of sexual release for a long time, engage in
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5

what is known as 'Emantanyula' [homosexualism] in who arrived in Bukoba yesterday for a six-day visit to the

which the inmates have anal sex with each other, region. Comrade Kimiti told the CCM secretary general

that besides the known figure of AIDS patients' deaths, In such cases, it has been explained, the AIDS virus can many patients were dying without being taken to hosbe spread through abrasions or cuts caused by the forced pital, thus increasing the number of deaths resulting

entrance and friction. from AIDS.

"During the mini-national survey we made recently we Concerning the orphans, the regional secretary said

talked to school children who made it clear that they also proper investigations were being carried out in the whole

resort to anal love making to avoid pregnancy. region in order to determine the actual number of

"But this, instead is giving rise to the killer disease- children who had lost their parents due to AIDS. He

"AIDSB " she said. added that the CCM regional committee, after considering the plight of such orphans, had launched an official

In response to this report, one participant wanted to fund to aid the children, called the Kagera Trust Fund,

know what is being done to curb the situation in prisons and that up to now it has collected a total of

since, she observed, people are sent there for rehabilita- 7,359,347.75 shillings.

tion and not to get diseases. The CCM secretary general was informed that the

A National AIDS Council representative stated that money was being used to assist orphans in, for example,

prisons have been listed among the target areas to be school fees, clothes and school equipment, and that the

visited for councilling this year. CCM headquarters has contributed 5 million shillings to

the fund.

Meanwhile, in five different schools, she said, two AIDS

cases were identified from 319 samples. Eight of the 117 ZAMBIA

samples taken from hospitals were found to be AIDS

cases. Over 4,000 AIDS Cases Reported in Zambia by

The rest were randomly taken from factories and com- Dec 1990

panies in the country. MB1005145091 Lusaka Zambia National Broadcasting

Mrs. Ntombela said the following behaviours are high Corporation Network in English 1800 GMT 9 May 91

risk for AIDS: [Text] Minister of State for Health, Alexis Luhila, has

praised efforts by the National AIDS Control Program, -Anal sex with or without a condom with an infected saying their work showed Third World countries were

person (because it gets torn in the process) not just sitting idle about solving the AIDS problem.

-Vaginal sex with someone who injects drugs. Speaking at the Ministry of Health's offices in Lusaka

today, Comrade Luhila said since there was no cure for

-Sharing syringes, razor blades, etcetera. AIDS, which has had 4,038 reported cases up to

December last year in Zambia, people must change their

-Sex with someone you don't know well or with sexual habits.

someone you know has several partners.

He was speaking when the mid-term plan internal review

-Unprotected sex (without condoms) with an infected committee of the National AIDS Control Program called

person, on him to present a draft report on achievements and

concerns they faced over the last year.

TANZANIA Speaking earlier, Review Committee Chairman Dr.

Gavin Chivamba said 14,000 AIDS-related diseases had

Kagera Region Reports 30,000 AIDS-Related been recorded in Zambia by December last year, and

Deaths there was need for increased communication and educaEA 1005142691 Dar es Salaam Radio Tanzania tional AIDS programs.

Network in Swahili 0330 GAIT 9 May 91 ZIMBABWE

[From the press review] Bulawayo Report Says AIDS Kills 27 in March

[Text] AIDS has already caused the death of some 1991

30,000 people, and left over 20,000 orphaned children. MB1505175491 Johannesburg Radio RSA in English

This news item was given prominence under the head- 1500 GMT 15 Mai, 91

line: AIDS kills 30,000 People in the Kagera Region. The

Chama Cha Mapinduzi [CCM, Revolutionary Party] [Text] Reports from Zimbabwe say 27 people, eight of

secretary for Kagera region Comrade Paul Kimiti, issued them children under the age of four, have died of AIDS

these figures when presenting the development report to or HIV-related diseases in Bulawayo during March this

Comrade Horace Kolimba, the CCM secretary general, year.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

6 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 5 June 1991

A Bulawayo City Council report said 16 of these were The study also showed that most of the females who are

males and II females. HIV positive are in the 15 to 19 years age group,

indicating that girls become sexually active earlier than

The 27 deaths represented 8.4 percent of the total boys.

number of deaths in Bulawayo for the period concerned.

Between 1986 and 1990, a total of 4,222 cases of AIDS Altogether 720 AIDS cases were reported in Zimbabwe had been diagnosed in Zimbabwe. The disease was twice

during the first three months of this year. Most of them as prevalent among males than females.

were in the 20 to 39 age group.

Between the 25 and 29 years age group, a total of 1,091

of the HIV positive cases are males while females

HIV Positive Study Shows Male Prevalence number much less at 333.

91WE0344A Harare THE HERALD in English Out of 100 married couples examined, 61 percent of the

27 Mar 91 p 7 men were HIV positive compared to 39 percent women.

[Text] The doctor in charge of research into the killer Prof. people, Latif while explained infected, that have most no positive of the HIV signs positive as the

disease, AIDS, in Zimbabwe, Professor Adam Latif, says disease will not be at an advanced stage.

most people who are HIV positive in the country are

men in the sexually active age group of 20 to 40 years. Among factors associated with HIV infection are the

history of a person's sexually transmitted diseases during Presenting a paper entitled: The Clinical Features, the previous two years and the history of his or her

Transmission and Progression of HIV Infection, to the genital ulcers in the same period, Prof. Latif noted.

16th general assembly of the Federation of African

Medical Students' Association at the University of Zim- According to Dr. Timothy Stamps, the Minister of

babwe's School of Medicine, Prof. Latif said a study he Health, more than 400,000 people will have died from

had conducted had shown that generally more men were AIDS by the year 2000 in Zimbabwe because many

HIV positive than women in Zimbabwe. people are already infected by the HIV virus.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 CHINA 7

An Epidemiological Study on HIV Infection in According to statistics from "VD monitoring centers"

Ruili County, Yunnan Province set up by the Disease Prevention Department in 16 key

54004805B Beijing ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE cities in China, the incidence of venereal disease in these

ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY] cities is 2.1 in 1,000 on average. In some cities it is even

in Chinese Vol 12 No 1, Feb 91 pp 9-11 as high as 33.6 in 1,000, which is the high level of the

incidence of VD in Western countries. For China as a

whole, the incidence of VD in 1989 increased by more

[Article by Zhang Jiapeng [1727 1367 7720], Cheng than 105 percent as compared with that in 1988. It must

Hehe [4453 0149 5440], et al.; Yunnan Province Sani- not be overlooked that all of the above-mentioned statary and Anti-Epidemic Station, Kunming] tistics are based on officially controlled data. However,

[Abstract] The study of 2,530 persons in Ruili county for experts estimate that, because of a lack of special orgaHIV infection showed that the high-risk population were nizations to treat VD and because of the widespread

drug users and the wives of infected persons. The intra- psychological attitude of hiding the sickness for fear of

venous drug users (IVDUs) have been seriously infected treatment, in reality the number of people infected by

by the highest rate of 67.98 percent. The sexual trans- venereal disease is probably two or three times higher

mission male to female have occurred, and two out of 64 than the number in the official statistics.

wives of infected husbands (3.13 percent) were affected.

Seventy five bums were examined and 10 (13.3 percent) VD Penetrates All Places

were positives. No positive was found in other population including prostitutes, waiters and waitresses of The Beijing Skin Disease Prevention and Treatment

hotels, doctors, clinic patients and blood donors. Research Center, set up in early 1987, was Beijing's first

organization for the treatment and prevention of VD.

According to its statistics, 427 cases of VD were reported

VD, AIDS Spreading Widely in 1987; this figure rose to 525 in 1988, and in 1989 it

91CM0288A Hong Kong MING PAO YUE KAN exceeded 1,000. The center also estimates that the

[MING PAO MONTHLY] in Chinese No 302, Feb 91 number of people infected with VD in Beijing, at the

pp 33-35 very least, is more than 50 percent higher than the

recorded figure.

[Article by Huang Chin (7806 2516): "VD and AIDS: In China's largest city. Shanghai, the first case of acute

China's New Problem"] gonorrhea was discovered in the autumn of 1979, after

which the number of people infected with VD increased

[Text] In 1964 the Chinese Government, led by Mao at an annual rate of 4.2 times. A characteristic of VD in

Zedong, announced to the world: Venereal disease (VD) Shanghai Municipality is that the proportion of infected

has basically been eliminated in China. Like the pride of teenagers is constantly rising. This rise is especially

the party of a country that claimed it "had neither evident in teenage disciplinary centers, as well as in

external nor internal debt," the pride of the CPC in this work-study schools and other organizations for the reedachievement did not last long. The Chinese Government ucation through labor of juvenile delinquents. Among

now "possesses" several tens of billion U.S. dollars in young girls guilty of sex offenses, the proportion infected

external and internal debt, and, since China opened up with VD is as high as 47 percent. When six young girls

to the outside world in 1979, VD has again quietly who had committed sex offenses were given physical

entered ihrough China's wide-open gates and is examinations on arriving at a woik-study school, five

spreading throughout the country. w.ere found to be infected with VIf They were only

about 15 years old.

VD Stages a Comeback In a public speech thb director of the Sichuan Skin

Before 1987, although there were VD cases reported in Disease Institute said that there have appeared two

China, they did not draw the attention of governments at clearly opposite trends in the growth of the two main

all levels, and thus there were no surveys and statistics. infectious skin diseases in China: one trend is that

After the beginning of 1987, interchange between China leprosy has been brought under control; the other trend

and foreign countries expanded, and reports of cases of is that the incidence of VD is constantly rising. In the

various kinds of VD constantly increased. From that Women's Training Academy, set tup by the Women's

time on VD prevention and treatment organizations. Federation in Chongqing City, Sichuan, of the 370

formally set up by officials. have appeared in Chinu and women taken into the academy-.women who were proshave compiled statistics on VD. itutes or who had been sexually promiscuous-I 19 were

found to be infected with VD, about a third of the total. Data from the Disease Prevention Department of

China's Ministry of Public Health shows that, in the 10 In the interior province of Shanxi, which has always been

years since the late seventies, when the first 7ase of regarded as a fairly "closed" area, a high proportion of

venereal disease was discovered, there have been more women are infected with VD. In the Health Care Instithan 204,000 cases reported, and they have extended to tute for Women and Children in Shanxi Province, in

all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. 1988 and 1989, of the 2,617 patients in the Women's
JPRS-TEP-91-012

8 CHINA 5 June 1991

Outpatient Department, the proportion of them found to problem by dealing vigorous blows to prostitution and

be infected with VD was as high as 34.6 percent, and other behaviors that transmit VD. It is reported that the

among them there were not a few girls under 15 years Ministry of Public Health will convene the second sesold. sion of the VD Experts Advisory Committee, which will

emphasize the discussion and formulation of some laws,

Why Is the VD Problem Becoming More Serious With regulations, and management methods concerning VD

Each Passing Day? and rules for the statistical monitoring of it.

The Chinese media blame the VD problem, which is

becoming more serious with each passing day, on "bour- Invasion of AIDS

geois liberalization." The media maintain that the

opening up of China's society to the outside world led to While VD was becoming widespread and prevalent in

an inundation of "bourgeois ideas" and "bourgeois China, another more fearsome sexually transmitted fatal

lifestyles," which caused the appearance in China of illness-AIDS--quietly slipped into the country. Several

prostitution, sexual promiscuity, and other phenomena years ago the shadow of AIDS enveloped Western counthat run counter to socialism, and which caused VD to tries, and the Chinese people were seemingly unaffected

become rampant. by it. At the most it was only a topic for conversation

over a cup of tea or after a meal, because they thought VD is really caused by prostitution and sexual promis- that this fearsome, incurable disease was so far away

cuity, but it is not necessarily related to the "bourgeoi- from China that it seemed to be on another celestial

sie." In any society, no matter whether it is capitalist or body.

socialist, these social phenomena exist, with the only

difference being whether they are public or not, acknowl- In June 1985 an Argentine with U.S. citizenship who was

edged or not. traveling in China died of an illness in Beijing's Xiehe

More than 10 years ago China initiated the policy of Hospital. In the report on his death, the doctors for the

reform thand 10penig ugo then iitsiatewld. t fomicy t first time put down in writing the name of the dreaded reform and opening up to the outside world. Air from the disease AIDS. This was the first case in history of AIDS outside world, through this gradually opening crack, bendicvrdothCiesmaln.Isfafu

slowly blew into China, which had been sealed off for being discovered on the overnthe mainland. Its fearful

manyyeas. msseon Te he hinee minlad gad- shadow had finally been cast over the land of China. For

many years. The masses on the Chinese mainland grad- several years afterward, the constant stream of foreigners ually widened their horizons, and they came to under- entering China were examined, and some were found to

stand that outside China's borders there existed a won- be infected with AIDS; as of 1989, a total of 23 forderful world unlike China. Out of curiosity and a sense

of novelty, they did not distinguish the good from the eigners, because they were infected, had been given a

bad in all the things flowing into China. They took in all deadline to leave the country.

of them. A large number of official traders and indi- In September 1988, a number of foreign students who

vidual households that had become wealthy, as well as had just started their studies at Zhejiang University were

drivers of automobiles who emerged with the develop- given routine physical examinations. A student from

ment of the economy, "dressing warmly and eating their Africa had a positive reaction to the AIDS antibody, and

fill, their thoughts turning to lascivious desire," naturally the departments concerned became extremely nervous.

sought carnal pleasure. A number of women who pur- Beijing sent personnel to reexamine the student, and the

sued money and a life of pleasure willingly engaged in result was an unambiguous confirmation that left no

business with their "capital," which they exchanged for room for doubt. The authorities in Hangzhou City

wealth, honor, and vanity. Growing swiftly in this kind immediately tightened their control of the student's

of soil in society, VD staged a comeback in China. activities, notified his country through diplomatic channels, and told him to leave China. However, this African,

Countermeasures Taken by Authorities who was close to death, for the sake of "indulging in

To deal with this serious social problem, China's Min- pleasures while there was still time," went so far as to

istry of Public Health established the VD Experts Advi- lose even the most rudimentary and intuitive knowledge

sory Committee and set up some VD monitoring net- of ethics. In the two or three days before leaving China

work points throughout China. At the same time VD is and returning to his own country, using gold necklaces as

no longer handled as a closely guarded secret. Over the a lure, he had sexual contacts with two women. Fortuorganizations called "skin disease institutes" the banner nately, China is a country in which everything that

directly naming them "VD prevention and treatment happens must be registered and filed. The relevant

centers" has been raised. In Beijing Municipality there organization, consulting the "register of visitors" at the

are VD prevention and treatment centers in the majority dormitories for foreign students studying in China,

of districts and counties, and six or seven hospitals have investigated and found these two Hangzhou women. It

opened special VD department outpatient services, promptly sent them to a hospital for examination. Even

though the result of the examination was negative,

However, the treatment of VD is still inactive and because the incubation period for AIDS can be as long as

passive. The authorities in Beijing are preparing to invite a dozen years, no expert could say with certainty that

experts to draw up some laws that will basically solve the they had luckily avoided disaster.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 CHINA 9

The fate of a male salesclerk in Beijing was even more has now assigned medical experts in all localities to

unfortunate than that of the two Hangzhou women. On prevent and treat AIDS. The central government has

31 October 1989, Cao Qing [2580 1987], deputy director allocated 27 million yuan in renminbi to enhance the

of the Disease Prevention Department in the Ministry of monitoring of AIDS in Yunnan. In the three years from

Public Health, appeared on a news hookup progam of 1990 to 1992, key examinations of 100,000 persons are

Beijing Central Television. Solemnly he told 300 million to be completed, representing 33 times the amount of

Chinese viewers: The first Chinese residing on the main- work done in this respect in the past. WHO has even

land to be infected with AIDS has been discovered. The expressed its concern about the situation in Yunnan, and

patient was a male salesclerk in a Beijing shop. Addicted has sent experts to provide support and to draw up a

to homosexuality, he caught this fatal disease of the three-year medium-term prevention and treatment plan.

century from a foreign sexual partner. Taking the place However, by October 1990 a total of 446 persons in

of a reporter, the government official broadcast the news China had been discovered to have had a positive

that in all probability this was not the only case on the reaction to the AIDS antibody. Of them 68 were forChinese mainland, and that it showed how much atten- eigners and the remaining 378 were Chinese citizens.

tion the Chinese Government was paying to the matter. And of the 378 persons, 368 had been monitored in

From this time on, everyone understood that China was Yunnan.

no longer a "pure land" free from AIDS. An American AIDS expert, Fu-si [1381 24481, thinks

Statistics in Western countries show that there is a direct that the disease is not yet a serious problem in China, but

ratio between the incidence of VD and the incidence of that, since one of the ways that AIDS is transmitted is

AIDS. In recent years the incidence of VD has shot up, either by the transfusion of blood or the injection of

providing an ominous signal that AIDS could become blood products, it is now a task of top priority to

prevalent on the Chinese mainland. According to Min- examine all blood donors in China for the AIDS virus.

istry of Public Health statistics up to the end of 1989, on Fu-si said that in China the testing for AIDS should not

the Chinese mainland there were 194 reported cases of be limited to some of its cities, but should be carried out

people infected with AIDS, of which 41 were foreigners nationwide. In light of this, the relevant departments in

and 153 were Chinese. Of the 153 Chinese, 146 were China have strengthened AIDS prevention and treataddicted to heroin, and all 146 were discovered in ment. All provinces, autonomous regions, and municiYunnan! palities have now begun to monitor the disease. The

Ministry of Public Health has set up three laboratories

That is to say, 21 times more persons were infected with for the authenticating of AIDS as a first step in systemAIDS by the injection of heroin into their veins than by atizing its prevention and treatment.

sexual contact. This unexpected result means that the In contrast to the various types of VD, which are

campaign "to wipe out pornography," which is being relatively controllable, AIDS is the "fatal disease of the

waged to prevent VD, will only be able to have a small century" and the greatest threat to mankind. On 20

effect. Another, more dreaded way to transmit AIDS- January 1988, WHO held in London a conference on

taking drugs-has now become the objective that needs AIDS, the declaration of which pointed out that AIDS

had become a serious problem for the entire world, and

Wanding, Ruili, Luxi, and Longchuan, respectively one called on the governments and peoples of all countries to

town and three counties in western Yunnan that border make strenuous efforts to deal with it.

on Burma, for geographical, nationality, and even his- Concluding Remarks

torical reasons, have always had close ties to Burma. The

"Golden Triangle," a famous drug base, is not far from VD and AIDS are not necessarily in direct proportion to

them, and so drug smuggling is rampant there and drug the degree of China's reform and its society's opening up

addicts are numerous. In addition, the educational level to the outside world. If the relevant quarters in China

is low and hygiene is poor. It is easy for AIDS to be would regard them as social problems and not "ideologtransmitted when drug addicts indiscriminately inject ical problems," and would do some more effective,

heroin into their bodies, actual work on them, I believe this would be more advantageous for the control and for the prevention and

The discovery of a large number of AIDS cases in treatment of VD and AIDS.

Yunnan shocked and drew the serious attention of

governments at all levels in China. On one hand, they are Report Notes Over 1,000 AIDS Virus Carriers in

strengthening measures to stop and punish drug smug- Yunnan

gling in order to control drug addicts and make them HKl105051791 Hong Kong MING PAO in Chinese

give up drugs. On the other hand, they stepped up the 4 May 91 p 6

monitoring of AIDS so that it would not be transmitted

to such an extent that it would become a disaster. [Report: "Number of AIDS Virus Carriers Estimated

The "AIDS prevention and treatment leading group," Around 2,000 in Yunnan"]

already set up in Yunnan Province and for which Vice [Text] In October 1989, positive HIV (or AIDS virus

Governor Chen Liying [7115 4539 5391] is responsible, carriers) was first discovered among drug addicts in
JPRS-TEP-91-012

10 CHINA 5 June 1991

Ruili County, Yunnan Province. In the last two years, it Although the authorities worked hard to promote the use

was found that drug addiction continued to become of contraceptives, only 2 percent of those people used

widespread in the areas inhabited by minority national- condoms.

ities in Yunnan Province. A research institute of a

central medical academy found in a preliminary survey The survey also showed that over 80 percent of those

in early 1990 that the number of people infected with people often crossed the frontier and procured drugs HIV stood between 1,000 and 2,000, and AIDS patients abroad. People infected with HIV in the adjacent would appear in the next few years. country increased rapidly in recent years, and this had an

In early 1990, a certain research institute of the National impact on the appearance of some 600 infection cases in

Academic of Preventive Medicine joined the Yunnan Ruili County.

Provincial Sanitation and Antiepidemic Station and the People who are infected with HIV generally undergo an

Ruili County Sanitation and Antiepidemic Station in incubation period of seven to eight years. Those who

conducting a survey by visiting the families of 225 drug have strong resistance to disease may even healthily live

addicts among the county's 346 drug addicts known to over 10 years after being infected with the virus. Therethe authorities. It was found that the drug addicts were fore, the experts expected that AIDS patients would

mostly male peasants of Dai and Jingpo Nationalities. appear successively in a number of years to come.

Apart from a very small number of people who had taken

drugs for more than 40 years, 70 percent of the drug First Case of AIDS Found in Sichuan

addicts began to take drugs after 1985. Only 20 percent

of them took opium. However, the proportion of those HK1305151991 BeiJing ZHONGGUO XINWEN SHE

who took heroin through intravenous injection increased in Chinese 1211 GMT 12 May 91

rapidly from 4 perent in 1984 to 13 percent in 1988 and [Report by correspondent Su Bing (5685 0393):

31 percent in 1989. "Sichuan Discovers Its First AIDS Virus Carrier"]

The drug addicts were poorly educated on the whole, and [Text] Chengdu, 12 May (ZHONGGUO XINWEN

lived in unsanitary conditions. Of these people, 51 SHE)-The director of the Sichuan provincial public

percent had no personal syringe, and 88 percent often health department Yin Dakui [3009 1129 1145] revealed

shared syringes with other people. They used water from to the press yesterday that the first AIDS virus carrier

wells and streams to dissolve the drugs, and mostly did has been found in Sichuan Province, indicating that the

not sterilize the syringes after injection. Through the use AIDS virus has entered this major inland province of

of the reagents supplied by an American company, it was China.

found that 80 percent of the addicts who took drug

through intravenous injection were positive HIV. The This middle-aged virus carrier is an male service laborer

rate of positive H IV among drug addicts in Yunnan was who came back from overseas in early April. In midon average 23 percent, against 25 to 30 percent in the April, the Sichuan provincial sanitation and antiepihigh-incidence areas in Thailand and the United States. demic station used three different methods to check this

man, and all serum tests proved positive. The provincial

Another reason for the rapid increase in AIDS virus sanitation and antiepidemic station then had some of its

carriers was the poor preventive means in their sex acts. staff take the serum to Beijing for testing. The tests

According to the statistics collc.-cted through the above- conducted by the AIDS Virus Testing Center of the

mentioned family visits, 32 percent of unmairied people research department of the Chinese Preventive Medicine

conceded that they had sex; and 43 percent of married Academy finally confirmed that this middle-aged man is

people admitted that they had extramarital sex. an AIDS virus cardier.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 EAST ASIA 11

BURMA activities concerning health, carried out under the guidance of the National Health Committee are gaining

momentum.

Prevention of AIDS Viewed as National Priority He said that all kinds of health personnel will be trained

91 WE0343A Rangoon THE WORKING PEOPLE'S and turned out to enable the health activities to gain

DAILY in English 13 Apr 91 pp 7, 12 success, and that a Nurses Training School should be

opened in Mandalay to increase the number of nurses as

[First paragraph is source-supplied introduction] more nurses are needed.

The meeting was attended by Minister for Home &

[Text] Committee Chairman SLORC [State Law and Religious Affairs and for Information and for Culture Lt. Order Restoration Council] Secretary-I Maj. Gen. Khin Gen. Phone Myint, Minister for Agriculture & Forests

Nyunt tells health personnel to carry out educative and and for Livestock Breeding & Fisheries Lt. Gen. Chit

Nyuventitel herkalthipersonlto cSar nioultecate a Swe, Deputy Attorney-General U. Khin Maung Aye,

preventive work against AIDS as national task. Director of Medical Services of the Ministry of Defence

Yangon, 12 April-Union of Myanmar National Health Brig. Gen. Kyaw Win, Director-General U. Thaung

Committee held its seventh meeting in the meeting hall Nyunt of the Attorney-General's Office and OSD Lt.

of the Universities Central Council this afternoon. Col. Pe Nyein of the SLORC Chairman's Office.

Chairman of the National Health Committee SLORC The meeting then adopted resolutions and ended at 3:30

Secretary-I Maj. Gen. Khin Nyunt attended the meeting p.m.

and delivered an address.

He said that educative and preventive work against SINGAPORE

AIDS disease must be accelerated more than at present,

that the infection of the disease in border areas becomes Four More Singaporeans Infected With AIDS in

widespread through cross-border trade and so, educative March

work needs to be carried out to effect changes in social

relations and activities in the areas, and that health BK1305 150491 Singapore THE SUNDAY TIMES

personnel in these areas are to carry out the educative in English 12 May 91 p 14

and preventive work as a national task. [Text] Another four male Singaporeans were found to be

Then, member of the National Health Committee Min- infected with the AIDS virus in March, bringing the total Then he meberof Ntioal ealh Comitee in- number of Singaporeans who have been infected with ister for Health and for Education Chief Commanding theA of viruspor73.

Officer of the Universities Training Corps Col. Pe Thein the AIDS virus to 73,

explained that international organizations are ready to According to the latest issue of the Epidemiological

render help in educative and preventive work on the News Bulletin, one of the four had full-blown AIDS.

disease and personnel concerned are to carry out the task

as a national duty. Of the 29 [as published] Singaporeans who have contracted AIDS. 18 have died.

He said that other expanded immunization programmes are gaining success and in this connection, the Tat- The bulletin, a publication of the Committee on Epimadaw will render help in areas not yet covered by the demic D)iseases, also said that the incidence of dengue

programmes. fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever remained high in

Marth, with a cumulative total of 198 cases reported. Then. Secretary of the National Health Commnitee

Director-General Dr. Aung Tun Thet of the Planning

and Statistics Department of the Ministry of Health Health Ministry Says Four More Men Infected

explained matters relating to the lasks to being carried With AIDS

out. 11K3105071291 Singapore TIlE STItIITS 7TMES

in lE.nglhsh 29 May' 91 p1

Members of the National Health Committee, the Deputy i

Attorney-General and Director-General of the Attorney- [Text] Four more Singaporean men were last month

General's Office participated in the discussions. found to be infected with the AIDS virus.

Then, the Secretary-I Maj. Gen. Khin Nyunt delivered The Health Ministry said that one of the four had

the concluding speech. already developed AIDS when he sought medical treat-

,nent. The men are believed to have contracted the virus He said that prevention of the AIDS disease is io hc through unprotected sex with multiple partners.

carried out as a national task by the entire mass that as

a first priority, projects aye to be laid down ibr border The latest cases bring to 77 the total number of Singaareas, and then, the task is to be extended throughout the poreans infected with the human immunodeficiency

country, and expressed pleasure for he has found out that virus (HIV).
JPRS-TEP-91-012

12 EAST ASIA 5 June 1991

This number includes 30 AIDS cases of whom 19 have outcasts. This is a major problem, because the disease is

died. Of the others, one has AIDS-related illnesses and spread by the husband. In the end, children often end up

46 are carriers, with the disease. This is a great danger. It is thought that

the AIDS virus will continue to spread. Today, this is a Another foreign female prostitute, who has since been major concern in Lampang Province.

been counselled and sent home, was also found to be

HIV-infected last month. So far, 11 foreign prostitutes Chiang Mai Expert Views AIDS Spread have tested positive. 91WEO311E Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai 11 Afar 91

The ministry advises the public to refrain from unpro- p 5

tected sex with casual partners and prostitutes, both here

and abroad. [Excerpt] [passage omitted] Dr. Wichan Withayasai, an

AIDS expert with the Faculty of Medicine at Chiang Mai

University, talked about the AIDS situation. He said

THAILAND that the actual number of people with AIDS is higher

than the number cited. This is because some people with

this disease have not reported in. The official figure Profile of AIDS Victims in Lampang today shows that there are 20,000 AIDS patients. These

91 WEO311A Bangkok DAO SIAM in Thai 5 Mar 91 people have the virus but do not exhibit any symptoms.

pp 14, 13 Making some calculations, within the next five years, 30

percent of these people will show symptoms of AIDS and

[Text] Dr. Nopphadon Sombun, the Lampang provincial die within one year. But this figure is lower than the

health officer, revealed that the Lampang provincial actual number. It is estimated that the actual number is

public health office has learned, from having monitored 10 times higher, that is, it is estimated that approxipeople with the AIDS virus, that the number of people mately 200,000 people have AIDS.

with AIDS has increased to 1,030. This is the largest

number in the north. Of these, 448 are prostitutes. Most Dr. Wichan said that 54 percent of the people contracted

of the others are men who like to frequent places of the disease from having sexual relations, such as during

entertainment. What is most disturbing is that the initiations, which is common behavior among Thai

number of housewives with the virus is increasing, youths from the age of 13 on up when they enter

Actually, preventing this disease is not difficult, because secondary schools and universities. In the past, this did

the virus can be spread only though fluids and impure not pose any danger as far as contracting a disease was

blood. If prostitutes, men who like to frequent places of concerned. But today, this can easily lead to contracting

entertainment, and intravenous drug users take proper a disease. Men also like to travel to other provinces and

precautions, such as using sterile needles and using visit the prostitutes in those provinces. There is also the

condoms when having sex with a prostitute, this will help custom of junior government officials providing senior

reduce the spread of this disease. government officials with the services of a prostitute. As

a result, the spread of AIDS from sexual relations is The public health units will continue to monitor things increasing. On the other hand, the spread of AIDS from

and search for people with the AIDS virus in order to the common use of needles used to inject drugs is

find a way to control this. What must be done immedi- declining.

ately is to carry on public relations activities and educate

the people about this, because they still do not under- "Today, 44 percent of the prostitutes have the AIDS

stand how to protect themselves. Another thing that virus. In Chiang Mai Province, the incidence of AIDS

must be done is to coordinate things with the mass media among prostitutes is higher than in any other place in the

and have the mass media help in carrying on public country. This is true for prostitutes who practice their

relations activities in order to inform the people on a trade both openly and in secret. The number of men with

broad scale about how to prevent this terrible disease, the AIDS virus, who are discovered to have the virus

when they have their blood checked for venereal disease, However, what is most distressing is that it is very is the highest in the country. The number of blood

difficult to protect prostitutes. because these people donors here found to have the AIDS virus is also the

move above frequently. Little has been achieved in highest in the country. But the incidence of AIDS among

monitoring those who earn their living as waitresses in drug addicts has declined. Among army recruits in the

restaurants. The incidence of AIDS among these people north, 53 percent have AIDS, which is the highest rate in

is very high. This is because many men think that girls the country," said Dr. Wichan.

who earn their living this way are free of the AIDS virus.

But the truth is quite different. Today, the spread of this Dr. Wichan added that AIDS is spreading quickly

disease can be controlled at established brothels. But it is through sexual intercourse. In particular, prostitutes in

very difficult to control this among girls who work at all areas have tested positive for AIDS. But the risk of

restaurants. Another group about whom there is much contracting AIDS from a prostitute is related to the price

concern is housewives, because they are usually of the prostitute's services. Seventy percent of those who

unwilling to cooperate if they contract MDS. They are sell themselves for a low price have the disease. The rate

afraid that if people find out, they will become social drops to 66 percent for those who sell themselves for a
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 EAST ASIA 13

higher price, and for those who charge 100-500 baht, the among those groups most at risk of contracting this

rate is 16 percent. Unless resolute action is taken to disease. The groups with the highest incidence of AIDS

control AIDS, it is thought that the number of people are IV drug users and those who contract the disease

with AIDS will quadruple this year. from engaging in sexual relations. These people can also

transmit AIDS to others. Thus, initial efforts to control

AIDS focused on these two groups. Later on, when Education, Health Ministries To CDooerate on studies were conducted on the spread of AIDS in ThaiAIDS land, it was found that the incidence of AIDS in Thai91WE0311C Bangkok 1),10M SI4M in Thai I I War W)l land can bc categorized as follows:

P11 Those who have contracted the disease from having

[Excerpt] [passage omitted] In his capacity as vice sexual relations. IV drug users. Those who have received

chairman of the Committee To Facilitate the Project To a blood transfusion. Those who have received the virus

Develop Educational Activities To Control AIDS. Dr. from their mother. Those whose risk factor is unknown.

Withun Saengsingkaeo, the deputy undersecretary of

public health, stated that this committee feels that the At the same time, the incidence of AIDS is probably still

incidence of AIDS will continue to rise. Many people in highest among drug users. But what is interesting is that

the five- to 20-year-old age group, which means the the number of those who have contracted the disease

school-age population or the nation's youth, have AIDS. from having sex is increasing. Thus, efforts to control

Thus, controlling this disease among this group is urgent, AIDS among drug users are focused on IV drug users,

because the youth of today are the people who will run which is the group that is most at risk because they share

the country tomorrow. The Ministry of Education feels needles.

that the spread of AIDS among children and youths can

be controlled. Principles in treating drug addicts:

The Committee To Facilitate the Project To Develop The 1979 Narcotics Act states that establishment of

Educational Activities To Control AIDS is composed of narcotics addicts rehabilitation centers must be

senior administrators from the Ministry of Education approved and announced in the government gazette.

and AIDS experts from the Ministry of Public Health. There are presently 163 clinics nationwide that provide

They have joined to discuss ways to control AIDS in drug rehabilitation services (another 17 are awaiting

schools in accord with the Ministry of Education's 1991 announcement in the government gazette). Of these, 102

AIDS Control Program. are subordinate to the Ministry of Public Health, 12 are

subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, two are subor- Mr. Somchai Wuttipricha, the deputy minister ofeduca- dinate to the Ministry of the Interior, 20 are subordinate

tion, who serves as the chairman of the above coI- to Bangkok, two are subordinate to the Office of Univermittee, said that the goal of the Ministry of Education's sity Affairs, and 25 are private clinics.

AIDS control program is to increase readiness on the

administrative front, control the spread of AIDS among The regulations on establishing such clinics have divided

youths more effectively, make public and private schools these clinics into three types:

throughout the country aware of the importance of this

problem, inform youths about the danger of AIDS, and 1. Outpatient and inpatient clinics that provide treatpromote wholesome habits and views that will help ment in all stages, that is, preparation, detoxification,

prevent youths from contracting AIDS. The Ministry of rehabilitation, and monitoring.

Education will hold seminars for senior administrators 2. Outpatient and inpatient clinics that handle preparato inform them of the policy and educational measures tion and detoxification services.

aimed at controlling AIDS. It will also hold training

seminars on how to control AIDS at schools, produce 3. Outpatient and inpatient clinics that provide rehabilmaterials for use at the seminars, and develop training itation and monitoring services.

manuals and other materials. Activities got underway at

the beginning of fiscal year 1991. As mentioned, the treatment and rehabilitation of drug

addicts is divided into four stages [as published]: The deputy minister of education said that the manuals

on controlling AIDS in schools, from the primary level to 1. Preparation before treatment: This includes obtaining

the secondary level, are expected to be ready in time for a personal history, gathering data on the person's use of

the 1991 school year. drugs, and encouraging the addict to get treatment.

Ministry of Public Health Regulation No. 6 on Narcotics

(1980) stipulates that this must be done within seven

Medical Official Views IV Drug Use, AIDS days. 91 WD0656E Bangkok DAO SIAM in Thai 16 Mar 91 p 5 2. Detoxification: This includes using alternative drugs,

treating the detoxification symptoms, or having the

[Text] Ever since the first case of AIDS in Thailand was addict simply stop taking any kind of drug. This stage is

reported in 1984, surveys have frequently been done limited to 45 days.
.1 PRS-TEP-91-012

14 EAS' V AS A. 5 June 1991

3. Rehabilitat w: lhii. incltid-, ftwusi. g, ,: (w .neW NV)5.-, ") mplin Shows Diversified Risk Groups

and in•prov,ýi lii' .r 0 ' a'h:.', . , t !.I' i :.:,,' /: '1 V !(lO '. it 

iTioralc. annd ,ln,, ad ;,,,;cc. ,o i 'it t , ,r .i. - , , .1 i:, ,: , p

return to so,,'w and.h ,e a happýy ,ild:.. ;.iv, -nl,

not las! ivl !!n1r !21, cl2days

Health Official o, AIDS Budget, Foreign I lelp is rapidly hc nning an

91 WlI031 ID lhaig/,oA, 0..411. Y NE IVS :i; Thai equ •p r i'is,'S"

18 Afa," ol p i

tI I - ,' :,:'gi;knt women at Bangkok hospitals e I:'..d ' I: , n!'.n " !o frýople infet(ed with [Text] In an inlerview. Dr, Thira Ramsut, the director- t:c Ill . I eads to AlE'S is sk.sr cktine

general of the P'cparoncni of (.onirounicahle Discast .. , . . (1)nto het'6 is to a cd thau.

Control. discuss,,d ihe reults of the: conteren,' - I ;' - ". .'. tested po,,itiwe Iri pt in t e

" M obtfi /4I rg t lc I 'r.. ih O C ther C(;untr;cs T` ) .( :n ro , ,co . ri t ' , -" +0 c w ith Ihr" ii t ir'i e

and Prcent AIDS." Vei' good results were aJiived. In

partic,,lar, the representati 'c from thie 17 inlie'nati oni Thc ,o)'nn It-,"i- r ýi ot meiriber, of traditional

orga.nizati(ons and countries -oncerned suggested four higl.rir.s gr,,,ps I', r. prostitutes and itIltraNOnOus

things that will benefil Thailand: drog users (IVi 's). I be findings, which nave been

backed up by nai;ion,,widc statistics recently released by

1) The AIDS Act, which is now under consideration and the Public Health Ministry, indicate that the AIDS

which will be submitted to Parliament, should not limit epidemic in Thailand is being spread by men who catch

or restrict the rights of people and it should not express the virus by visiting prostitutes and then infect their

any ill-will toward those who have AIDS, because that wives, who in turn pass it on to newborn babies.

could affect the help provided by toreign organizations. "The pattern is changing," says Dr. Wimon Siriwasin of

Rajawithi Hospital's Department of Obstetrics and

2) The data and other statistics that are collected and Gynecology. "When we fir,,t started testing, rmost of hbe analyzed on AIDS should be made public. The data positive cases were from high-risk groups like intrave..

should be reliable, and the data of the private and public nous drug users. Now most of the positive cases are

sectors should match, because various organizations housewives or labourers in the general population."

need to have data when considering ways to help. [passage omitted]

To date, the Ministry has claimed that only 25,000 cases

3) As for policy and the methods used to take action, of AIDS exist in Thailand, but sources at the Population

there should be close, systematic, and clear cooperation and Community Development Association (PDA) sug- between the Ministry of Public Health and the units gest that public health officials may soon radically revise

concerned, including private sector units. In particular, their estimate. These same sources assert that the actual

both public and private sector units should play a role in number of Thais infected by the HIV virus is closer to

formulating plans and implementing national-level 200,000.

AIDS control and prevention programs. Meetings should

be held with foreign organizations every year.

Ramathibodi

4) It must be possible to actually implement the plans. Ongoing tests at Ramathibodi found that the number of

The public and private sectors should join forces, and pregnant women who have HIV infection jumped threeplans should be coordinated at the national level in order fold in the second half of 1990: from a prevalence rate of

to resolutely control and prevent AIDS. 0.056 percent (0.56 seropositive cases per 1000 patients

tested) in the first six months of the year to 0.164 percent

Dr. Thira said that the 11 organizations will be happy to (1.64 seropositive cases per 1000 patients tested) in the

continue providing support through the AIDS program. latter half.

They will provide personnel and technical help in order While the sample of women tested is relatively small,

to control and prevent AIDS. As for the 1991 operating Drs. Samarn Phiromsawat and Mayuree Jiropinyo of the

budget, the plan has set a budget of approximately 392 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, called the

million baht for the period April 1991-March 1992. results "significant" in showing the rapid growth of

From this conference, it is thought that foreign organi- infection in the general population.

zations will provide approximately 175 million baht.

The other 217 million baht will come from the Thai The sampling was carried out as part of the hospital's

Government. The money will be spent to control the Ante-Natal Care (ANC) Programme, under which all

spread of AIDS in Thailand, said Dr. Thira in conclu- women who use Ramathibodi Hospital's facilities to give

sion. birth must sign up in advance and attend training
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 EAS'[ ASIA 15

classes. Testing for diseases which can affect babies- The latest prevalence rates among high-risk populations

such as hepalitis, syphilis and AIDS-is part of the are even more alarming. About 35 percent of all intraprogramme. Venous drug users are infected with HIV, as are six

ncrcent of all males with other sexually transmitted

Testing at Rarnathibodi began in eaily 1990. v;eiding diseases (S 'l)s).

two positive cases out " 3.568 pregnant women tested itn

the first half of the year. In the second half, the number Among lower-class prostitutes, HIV prevalence has

of positive cases climbed to nine out of :i,455 patients' jumped from 13.8 percent to 17.3 percent, while infecFour more women have already tested positive in the lion among upper-class prostitutes has gone from 2.73

first seven weeks of 1991. percent to 4.22 percent.

The PDA points out that the numbers get even worse if

Twenty to 40 percent of all babies born to HIV-infected one looks at specific provinces, since the epidemic tends

mothers contract AIDS within two years of birth and to be extremely severe in certain locales. For instance,

eventually die. prevalence rates for prostitutes in Bangkok, Phayao,

Chiang Mai and Lampang respectively are 18.9 percent, Ten of the women who have tested positive are now 42.4 percent, 45.6 percent and 46.1 percent.

under counselling at Ramathibodi. Interviews have

revealed that while the hospital's patients are generally These figures are mirrored by HIV prevalence rates

middle-class, most women who test positive come from among men who go to STD clinics, indicating that the

lower-middle class or working-class backgrounds, either spread of AIDS is largely caused by the tendency of Thai

earning low wages at menial jobs or working as house- men to go to prostitutes.

wives. Finally, the PDA reports that a survey of over 600 Thai

Eight of these women originally came from rural areas males conducted by Deemar-a social research organiand migrated to Bangkok for economic reasons. Seven of zation-revealed that 75 percent of Thai men have had

the eight came from the Northeast. sex with prostitutes; 44 percent of the men had their first

sexual experience with a prostitute (at the average age of

Although the women themselves do not exhibit high-risk 18); 26 percent of men have had multiple female partbehaviour, their husbands generally do: most of the aers in the last six months; 59 percent of men never use

husbands reportedly have frequent contact with prosti- a condom; and 86 percent of Thai men felt there was

tutes and refuse to wear condoms, saying they "don't very little likelihood of catching AIDS.

want to." Rajawithi

Eight of the women's husbands have also tested positive [Passage omitted] A more serious concern at the moment

for HIV infection. The other three are the second hus- are mothers who gave birth elsewhere (where no

bands of the seropositive women, who probably con- screening tests for HIV are given), but find their babies

tracted the disease from their previous spouse. are continually falling ill from diseases like, diarrhea and

measles. So far, three such cases were found to be a result

of a weakened immune system caused by AIDS (two Sentinel Survey have been confirmed).

The rate of growth in HIV infection as indicated by "Who knows how many babies born in the next few years

Ramathibodi's testing results is even less than that found will contract HIV infection before coming to a hospital

by a sentinel survey conducted by the Ministry of Public that can test for it?" asked Yupin.

Health. Accumulated data from ANC clinics all over

Thailand showed that prevalence rates among pregnant Rajawithi Hospital is run by the Public Health Ministry

women jumped from 0.21 percent in June 1990 to a and largely caters to Bangkok's lower classes. According

staggering 0.81 percent in December. to Dr. Manoon Chandavimool, chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, it delivers more

If the data is extrapolated to the Thai population at large, babies every year (around 18-20,000) than any other

it would mean that one out of every 125 Thai women of hospital in Thailand.

childbearing age (about 15 to 40) is now infected with the It has been testing all its pregnant women patients since

HIV virus that leads to AIDS. No one knows when the last May and has witnessed a higher overall prevalence

growth rate for this group will level off, but if it continues rate of its patients-0.22 percent-than that recorded at

as is for another six months, then roughly one out of Ramathibodi (which caters to a somewhat wealthier

every 40 young Thai women will be infected, clientele).

Prevalence rates among blood donors have also In January, it registered a prevalence rate of 0.45 perincreased, from 0.60 percent in June to 0.95 percent in cent. Of the nine pregnant women patients found to be

December. Data from some provinces is not yet avail- infected, two caught the virus from husbands who freable for both blood donors and pregnant women. quent prostitutes, another two had multiple sex partners
JPRS-TEP-91-012

16 EAST ASIA 5 June 1991

(but were not prostitutes). It could not be determined "We like to believe that because there are more motels

where the other five caught the virus, and discotheques in Bangkok, young city people are

more promiscuous, while innocent rural youths must be

Dr. Wimon noted it was often hard to find out conclu- protected from urban ways-but this seems to be totally

sively the details of patients' lifestyles. But of the 51 false.

positive cases the hospital has seen among pregnant

women since May three were IVDUs, 17 had husbands "Rural men seem to be having more sex before marwho frequent prostitutes and 12 patients' pasts could not riage," he said.

be determined.

Thaweesak's conclusions concur with a study completed

This means that 50-75 percent of the pregnant women at last year by Dr. Werasit Sittitrai of Chulalongkorn UniRajawithi who tested positive for HIV infection were not versity's Institute of Population studies.

members of traditional high-risk groups.

Last June Thaweesak conducted a detailed survey of

sexual behaviour among young poor northern men being

Army Doctor Comments on HIV Surveys, conscripted into the army. Behavior Trends Behavior Trngkk TQuestioning all 200 randomly drafted men in a single 91 WE0336 Bangkok THE NA TION in English battalion, most of them about 20 years old, Thaweesak

22 Mar 91pA2 learned that 97 percent of them already had sexual

experience, 50 percent before age 16, and 73 percent of

[Article by Danaiya Usher and Mukdawan Sakboon] the group had their first sex with a prostitute.

[Text] The ease with which drug addicts are able to be A growing number of these draftees is being turned away

tested in Bangkok and conventional beliefs about urban due to AIDS.

sexual mores are causing policy-makers to misdirect Half-yearly surveys of draftees from the North since late

their AIDS prevention efforts to big cities while thethat the rate of infection in this group is disease spreads uncontrolled in the countryside, a doctor steadily rising from 1 to 5 percent in December 1989, to

said yesterday. 2 to 10 percent in May 1990, to 5 to 14 percent in

In an interview with THE NATION during the Public December last year. (The higher end of the range refers

Health Ministry's National AIDS Conference, Dr. Thaw- to Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang and Phayao provisak Nopkeson urged that Acquired Immune Deficiency inces, while the lower end is from less "touristic"

Syndrome, or AIDS, is spreading the fastest in the Northern areas.)

provinces, particularly the northern region. Thaweesak stressed that the interviewees serve in the

"Policy-makers and the whole society must hurry up and army for only two years, and that the 200 are a repreaccept the realities of sexual behaviour in Thailand.. .the sentative sample of the general "low socio-economic

situation is changing every six months and AIDS is not level male youth" population in the North.

waiting for anyone," he said. His numbers compare with Bangkok studies, which

Ministry officials speaking at this week's conference suggest that young urban men are also sexually active,

projected that by 1994 there would be 50,000 people sick but less so than their rural counterparts.

from the incurable disease in Thailand, while a World

Health Organization study from last year estimated that One survey of Ramathibodi Hospital medical students

the number of Thais infected with the AIDS virus indicated that only 61 percent had sexual experience,

(without symptoms) could reach 1.6 million by 1995. only 8 percent before age 16, and 53 percent had their

first experience with a prostitute.

"In two or three years, you doctors will be inundated

with more patients than you can handle.. .so you must try Though it is much more difficult to do accurate surveys

to teach people in your communities so they will change of sexual mores among young Thai women due to

their attitudes and behaviour as soon as possible," said shyness and reluctance to talk about their private lives,

speaker Dr. Chanouanthong Thanasukarn of Mahidol the survey of young draftees may partially reflect the real

University yesterday morning. picture.

Doctors and public health officials from all regions of the "We found that 40 percent of all those interviewed have

country are attending the conference, which ends this had sex with female students. This suggests that young

afternoon. Several expressed exasperation about the rural women are also much more sexually experienced

growing number of infected people in their provinces, than most of us believe," he said.

and concern about how to handle the coming deluge. Thaweesak hypothesized that rural men may engage in

Thaweesak, who works at a Third Army Hospital in more sex before marriage than urban youths, but become

Phitsapuloke province, feels that one key is to correct more monogamous as they get older, while wealthier city

widespread misconceptions about sex. men may become more promiscuous as they age.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 EAST ASIA 17

Other studies show that heroin use is far less common in AIDS so far has killed three people in Chiang Mai, while

the North than in Bangkok. Thaweesak said because 10 others have developed full-fledged symptoms, Anan

addicts eventually come for treatment at government said. Sixteen more people have shown AIDS-related

clinics and are easy to test for AIDS, the apparent high symptoms.

prevalence of infected drug-users has twisted the overall picture. "AIDS is spreading fast in the outer districts, indicating we need tougher prevention measures," he said.

"The numbers are fooling us because we've been looking

at this from the wrong perspective ...the real danger of Sixty-five percent of the carriers in Chiang Mai conAIDS is in the rural areas, where 70 percent of the tracted HIV, which causes Acquired Immune Deficiency

population lives. We must direct our efforts there before Syndrome, through sexual intercourse. Most of the rest

it is too late," he said. were infected because of intravenous drug use, the

doctor said.

HIV Incidence in North Reviewed "Some men who have been infected are living a promis- 91WE0335 Bangkok BANGKOK POST in English cuous life. They are visiting prostitutes without using 9 Apr 91 p 3 condoms," he said.

[Text] Chiang Rai-More than 3,000 people tested for He said authorities, despite the discouraging trend, were

the AIDS virus here have been found HIV positive, continuing their educational campaign, focused on prostitutes. Tough action is being taken against brothels

More than a third are prostitutes. where prostitutes do not encourage customers to use

condoms, he said.

Public Health Ministry permanent secretary Uthai

Sudsuk said yesterday the number of HIV positive Anan said "disguised" inspectors were visiting brothels

victims had gone up to 3,429 with 1,842 being prosti- occasionally and "bribing" prostitutes to avoid using

tutes, 599 farmers and 362 having other jobs. condoms.

More prostitutes have become HIV carriers and only 30 "If prostitutes agree, we ask police to act against the

percent of their customers used condoms, brothels," the doctor said.

Teenagers and labourers rarely use condoms, Dr. Uthai In Chiang Rai, Dr Chamnan Hansutthisetchakun, a

said. senior public health official, said AIDS has infected 3,967 people. One victim has died.

The number of HIV victims in the northern province has

risen by 100 to 200 per month, he said. "The trend is going up. AIDS is spreading in every precinct in the province," Chaimnan said.

The permanent secretary told local people to stop selling

sex. As in Chiang Mai, prostitutes are the biggest group of

carriers, followed by farmers and workers. Sexual interMen were urged to use condoms, course is the main course of infection.

"We are facing great difficulties in our preventive Over 9,000 Test HIV Positive in 3 Northern efforts," Chamnan said. "People are not so cooperaProvinces tive."

BK1 705040791 Bangkok THE NATION in English

17 May 91 p A5 Lamphun's chief publichealth official Dr. Anuson Sitthirat said 1,029 people in his province were carrying

[Article by Nirundon Suchari] HIV. The majority of the carriers are young people aged

between 15 and 24.

[Text] Chiang Mai-AIDS is wreaking havoc in three "What worries us the most is the fact that people as

northern provinces where more than 9,000 people have "What wors us the mostis Act that peopl been found carrying the deadly Human Immunodefi- young as 15 years old are getting AIDS through sexual

ciency Virusd carHyind auth deadly o mar sunodeing t intercourse or drug abuse," he said. "We are afraid that ciency Virus (HIV) and authorities are sounding the the disease will spread to every level of people in alarm about a posible heterosexual AIDS epidemic. Lamphun."

Thirteen monks and 20 babies are among a total of 4,283

people found infected in Chiang Mai, where prostitutes

make up 40 percent (1,700) of the carriers, according to Nearly 300,000 Thais HIV Positive

Dr. Anan Lapsomtop, the province's chief public health BK2705060591 Hong Kong AFP in English 1548 GMT

official. 26 May 91

Farmers, government officials and students are also

among those infected, fuelling fear about a proliferation [Text] Bangkok, May 26 (AFP)-Nearly 300,000 Thais

of heterosexual infection, Anan said. have contracted the deadly virus that causes Acquired
JPRS-TEP-91-012

18 EAST ASIA 5 .June 1991

Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) disease, a senior "condom king," said the government must seriously

Thai government official said Sunday. consider curbing illegal prostitulion in the country as a meaiis to slow down the spre'ad of the disease.

Michai Wirawaithaya, minister attached to the Prime

Minister's Office, told reporters in a televised interview The minister said the majority of hlic AIDS infected

that according to the latest statistics the number of pcopl,: would eventually become full-blown cases in

carriers of the AIDS virus has risen dramatically to abut 10 years, and that they would die of the disease in

nearly 300,000 all over the country. about one year after developing symptoms.

According to a recent survey, about 200 Buddhist monks Official figures released by the Thai Public Health Minhave contracted AIDS, as well as an increasing number istry claim there are only 80,000 AIDS cases in Thailand,

f teenagers, the majority of them college and high and that 69 of 86 people known to full-blown cases have

s hool students, Mr. Michai said. died in the past three years.

MrMichai. Thailand's leading anti-AIDS activist who The number of AIDS cases compiled from 159 countries

has een successful in his family planning campaigns in as of March I by the Geneva-based World Health

the pAt decade and is fondly known here as the Organisation (WHO) totalled 334.315 worldwide.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 EAJ] EFUROF" 19

REGIONAL AFFAI,!RS ;.o,:r :.t i' a,'e in' ced through medical care. Today

.A: , I I' , t1:'- .." :i 4 ! cif 500 caseS of

Swedenl -elping Cast Europe Fitht AID1 Ii , (, r ,'AhiC' . '' ',., mnfectd through . ,... .*,..i., .. , i ";, . , ,i~'.r~o ed acses ¢'lq ~f ~ *,,)S•t',zh e,/rt,.%l17.',p'<,.i l. K'," -. :li ;,' 1 i: .'h:J ,;,.,,.: ;u:• 't: .I•n •

J I' ." I; ,'

].\rticlic 'y ,,%n al!-cn Ha\1rdai \ : . .. :;pre - ,. , - ,.• , I iL.. 01 tUftcC' d.l

Ftast !n fl, t- Swe(h1shi ii,,!p to 'P.III.P I turg r

Y u~osl~, u:'] hI 1 "',\ I ifit cvn ries, eiti, tile *x(Tp l' )1, of Poland

;:ld 'r..gr..;.:.ia th,-'r.:•nv•a c s ,-,rr,.Mz•ding infec- [Text] Part; -..f East Europe are in for an cxplosion a I,' V : l h',Oig th eC.

ioni ;i" .-l 'it on the -urfacc. s Ul) V t dhe H iV ulci'etc ion parma!eling the o. 1 .n id (fl' ) r rhA-t, : ;ný :7 1 Aet ,k iD ,- I!'.'I:"'. Marr,. 1ý ting

occurred :n tn,-: W'esi in thw m d-1980' t;, :.137' . m i.S 3 .iti:t:6 i :...ir and East

Ihis is cspec:ally true for countries such a,, 1 cian¢ and w ;idl'"1:" ',.

Yugoslkivia where rapid spreading of the. infe-Ii cn

among drug addicts has become a cause for n. Itc,t (7C. IOSLOVAKIA

the course of one vcar. from tie end of 1988 in-t' `990

the ,mmber ofl'IV-infccted dru,4addicts n W,'a. Ors,: AIDS Caaislicx From Czech Republic

fromi 12 to 4 i 7. .. 2 Q.'' ''u' P,7.j,• R ( D) PR.i '0 in ( 'zech

"The AIDS epidemic in Poland is on the point of 21 Alay 9!p 3

changing character. Every third female drug addict prostitutes herself for money to support her habit, It is very ['Fcxtl Prague-Aq of 30 April. 112 citizens of the Czech

disturbing to think how the infection is spreading to the Republic tested positive for the AIDS virus. Of these, 21

remaining population," said Frants Staugaard. coordi- persons became ill, and 12 of them died.

nator for WHO's AIDS program in East Europe. In addition, 63 foreigners who tested positive for the

AIDS virus were found in the territory of the Czech

Swedish Help Republic. one of them aheady in !he illness stage. All

Immediate contributions from the West. including these people lcft .Jul territory.

Sweden. are being sought to assist these countries, both

in the struggle against the infection and for care of the POLAND

already sick and dying.

At a seminar arranged by the Ministry of Health and AIDS Incidence Among Drug Users Increasing

Social Affairs, a number of proposals for cooperative AU1405144191 Warsaw GAZETA W}'BORCZA

projects between Sweden and East Europe were pre- in Polish 10 May 91 p 2

sented. For example, affilliates of Noah's Ark will set up

on a trial basis in Poland, Hungary, and Rumania. The [Unattributed report: "Who Is Suffering From AIDS"]

object is to offer to the sick and the infected care in a

homelike atmosphere as an alternative to already heavily [Text] "One cannot talk about an explosion of AIDS

overburdened medical care facilities, cases in Poland," says Professor Wieslaw Magdzik, head

of the Epidemiology Department at the State Institute of

Inside Medical Care Hygiene. According to State Institute of Hygiene statistics going back to 1985, 57 people have been registered as Special mass media seminars will be organized in having the illness in Poland, 33 of them have already

Sweden for journalists from these countries in order to died, and 1,448 people are registered as being infected.

give them support and tips on how popular opinion can

be influenced on these issues. Care personnel will be Prof. Magdzik believes that the epidemiological situainvited to Swedish hospitals and research establishments tion in Poland is not as bad as in other countries in

in order to learn more about caring for the sick. Repre- Western Europe. The greatest problem is the rapid

sentatives for the Swedish Physicians Association increase in infection among drug addicts since 1988.

against AIDS will visit Warsaw in order to explain the Currently, between 70 and 80 percent of those infected

needle-exchange program and to talk about the struggle with the HIV virus are drug addicts. A survey of a group

against AIDS among Swedish addicts, of almost 15,000 drug addicts revealed 1.100 carriers.

"The pattern of spreading of the infection in East Europe According to Marek Kotanski, chairman of the Young

diverges somewhat from that of West Europe, but the Peoples Movement To Combat Drug Addiction, the true

rate of increase is the same as it was in West Europe 5-6 number of carriers of the HIV virus among drug addicts

years ago," said Frants Staugaaard. While it is the drug is probably even more alarmirg. According to Kotanski,

addicts which account for the majority of AIDS cases in more than half of Poland's 100,000 drug addicts are

Poland and Yugoslavia, most of the AIDS cases in the infected with the virus.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

20 LATIN AMERICA 5 June 1991

ARGENTINA disease.'" announced Wander Ferreira da Silva, .Ir., professor of bioloy at the I(niversity College, who conFive Hundred AIDS Deaths During 1982-90 ccived the project. I-le has been working since 1987 on AIDS education programs, aimed primarily at adolesPY0205172491 Buenos Aires TELAM in Spanish cents. During the 20-minute program. he will answer

0016 GMT I May 91 questions about AIDS, collected from boxes that will be

[Summary] Buenos Aires, 30 Apr (TELAM)--During the placed throughout the city. The project is sponsored by

1982-90 period, 500 deaths caused by AIDS were the I.niversity Collegc and by Radio Independencia.

reported in the country while the number of proven

AIDS cases totaled 920. This was announced by Jose Consumer Market

Luis Urrursuno, the head of the national program for the

prevention of sexually communicated diseases and

AIDS. Urrursuno also explained that 99 cases were Sao Jose do Rio Preto. a municipio of 300,000 inhabitreported during the first quarter of this year and that ants, located 440 km from the capital, became aware of

there are between 50 and 100 healthy carriers for every AIDS for the first time in 1986, when 22 cases were

AIDS patient. reported. Four years later, in 1990, the number had

jumped to 414. The wealth of the interior, the growth of the middle class, and industrialization have led to the

BRAZIL expansion of the consumer market for drugs.

AIDS Rising Among Sao Paulo Drug Users According to Maria Luiza Diniz, owner of a homeo91WE0320A Sao Paulo O ESTADODESAO PAULO pathic pharmacy in the city, the home has become

in Portuguese 18 Apr 91 p 16 simply a reference point for the young people, who are at

loose ends. The mother of four sons, aged 13, 20, 22, and

[Article by Neldson Marcolin: "AIDS Spreading in Sao 28, Maria Luiza said that "people who live in the same

Paulo State" house often see one another only at meals and at bedtime."

[Text] A radio program unprecedented in Brazil will

premiere on 25 April in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, in the

interior of Sao Paulo State. The program is entitled Some clues can lead to the wrong conclusions, such as

"Everything you wanted to know about AIDS and were the notion that only those who are financially well off

afraid to ask," borrowing from the Woodie Allen film can afford drugs. Each gram of cocaine is worth an

("Everything you wanted to know about sex and were estimated 5,000 cruzeiros. When cut, the price of the

afraid to ask"). Broadcast over Radio Independencia cocaine drops to 3,000 cruzeiros per gram. According to

once a week, from 1230 to 1250 on Thursdays, the Irineu Luiz Maia, professor of infectious-contagious

20-minute program will be devoted to clearing up ques- diseases in the Sao Jose do Rio Preto Faculty of Meditions about AIDS, a disease that has been gaining cine, some time ago the traffickers found a means to

alarming proportions in the Sao Paulo interior, extend drug consumption to adolescents with limited

purchasing power. "The young people perform small

According to nephrologist Horacio Ramalho, president services in exchange for drugs," he explained.

of the Medical Society of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, there is

little precise knowledge about the profile of the drug The most visible result of this easy access to drugs is

addict in the interior. The only certainty is that 40 observed in the AIDS rate in the Rio Preto region. In

percent of those who are infected with the HIV virus 1990, there were 30 new cases of AIDS diagnosed per

have been or are intravenous drug users. month. This year the monthly average should go up to

40, according to dermatologist Tania Regina Bardon,

Record Seizures coordinator of the AIDS program of the Regional Health

Drug consumption in general has been on the rise Office, which is responsible for 28 cities in the region.

throughout Sao Paulo State. Last year the State Department of Narcotics (Denarc) broke the record for cocaine

seizures: 286 kg. "If there are more drugs in the state, Health Ministry Provides AIDS Update

naturally consumption rises," pointed out Deputy PY1705222891 Brasilia Radio Nacional da Amazonia

Renato D'Andrea, of the Information Division of the Network in Portuguese 1000 GMT 17 May 91

Denarc. This increase coincides with the large number of

individuals infected by contaminated needles in other

cities in the interior, such as Araraquara, Taquaritinga, [Summary] The Health Ministry has confirmed that

and Votuporanga, in the western part of the state. there are 17,373 AIDS cases in Brazil. According to the

Health Ministry AIDS Coordinating Board, by the end

"The radio program will help to inform more people in of 1995 there will be 90,000 confirmed cases of AIDS in

the interior about the forms of transmission of the the country.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 LATIN AMERICA 21

CHILE through the presence of HIV among prostitutes who go

to be examined at the "Miguel Paz Baraona" Health

Minister Voices 'Concern' Over AIDS Increase Center has increased since the AIDS Counseling Clinic

PY0505004091 Santiago Radio Chilena Network began to function in the center.

in Spanish 1700 GMT 3 May 91

[Excerpt] [passage omitted] Health Minister Jorge Doctor Tercero stated that the age group most affected

Jimenez de la Jara has expressed concern over the by AIDS is between 15 and 30, "which is a negative

increase in carriers of the AIDS virus in Chile. The total development since, in addition to being the econominumber of AIDS patients, however, remains stable, cally most active category, it is also the age group having according to the minister. He reported that there are the most children. This will have a negative impact on

officially nearly 300 AIDS patients in Chile. [passage the mother and child indicators."

omitted]

Regarding the distribution of cases by risk factors, het- CUBA erosexuals amount to 66 percent; prostitutes account for

90 cases (13 percent); homosexuals, 9 percent; and

Update of AIDS Cases, AIDS-Related Deaths bisexuals, 7 percent. In terms of death among all cases,

FL2405194491 Havana Radio Progreso Network 29 percent of the patients have already died and 39

in Spanish 1625 GMT 24 May 91 percent are still alive. The present condition of 32

[Text] Eighty new cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency percent of the cases is unknown.

Syndrome, AIDS, carriers were reported in the country

this year between the months of January and May. This Finally, Dr. Tercero said that in the course of 1990 and

information was provided by the Ministry of Public 1991 activities involving the study of death from the

Health's Epidemiology Department. So far, the number disease have increased. As an alternative solution a

of AIDS carriers in the country has climbed to 605. Of counseling clinic for infection with HIV was opened in

these, 433 are males and 172 are females. It was also September 1990. The objective was to improve the

reported that, of the 73 patients with AIDS symptoms, attention given to patients and to carry on improved 44 have died. The average age of AIDS patients is 24 control and follow up of AIDS cases among people found

years. To this day there is only one way to prevent to be HIV positive and in high-risk groups, such as

infection-prevention by selecting an adequate partner prostitutes and homosexuals.

and using prophylactics.

HONDURAS For their part Drs. Ricardo Leonel Dominguez and

Arturo Escobar from Health Region 5 stated that,

Alarming Increase in AIDS according to statistical tables, 145 cases have been

recorded until the present, of whom 74 percent are 91 WE0322A Tegucigalpa LA TRIBUNA in Spanish between 20 and 39 years of age. 15 Mar 91 p 11

[Text] In Public Health Region No. 3 AIDS continues to The communities most affected are Santa Rosa de

increase progressively, as it is also doing in Regions 5 Copan, La Entrada, Florida, Copan, and San Marcos de

and 6. This was stated by representatives of each of these Ocotepeque. Among risk groups in these areas 62 per- regions in the course of the Third Pan-American Tele- cent are heterosexuals and 21.3 percent are prostitutes.

conference on AIDS, which is being held in San Pedro Of the 145 patients infected with AIDS, 52 persons have

Sula. already died, which amounts to 35.8 percent.

Delia Tercero, an epidemiologist from Region 3, stated

that between 1984 and December 1990 some 688 cases To prevent the spread of this fatal illness, the region is

of AIDS were recorded. She pointed out that the areas carrying out strategies involving a controlled follow up. most affected are San Pedro Sula (79 percent increase), This program includes radio and television messages El Progreso (86 percent increase), Puerto Cortes (6 directed at all of the areas covered by this public health

percent increase), and Santa Barbara (2 percent sector. Furthermore, educational workshops are being

increase). held for community leaders, deputy mayors, teachers

She emphasized that smaller areas, such as Yoro and and students from schools and colleges, and army perSanta Cruz de Yojoa, are recording cases of AIDS, sonnel.

although for the moment the situation is not alarming. She said that in the areas most affected during 1990 52 Like the conditions in Regions 3, 4, and 5, the AIDS

percent of the cases (157) affected women, while 48 situation in Region 6 is also alarming, according to Dr.

percent (146) affected men. Luis Gustavo Amaya, who on 15 March will present a

She attached importance to the fact that, beginning with discussion of the situation in his health region in this

the fourth quarter of 1990, the detection of AIDS regard.
JPRS-TEP-91..012

22 LATIN AMERICA 5 June 1991

PANAMA cause ."A IIS -,'.ci 1iht ',,rc men :,; I wce "eomcn.

(f :-t4 i' 2 : 11;v I .lpe i. ~ I1):' ,'II)S a~od

!4calth N ,n.tisr.% f~eeords 266 Cases of AIDS, 161 2 I , 'I .

1'1.7'0 . " ! 'a ('it2l I-L SIGI.O in "pcuzioi tuil.Aik" 0''. I1 . ," ", 11th r ,.c, d, 22 .iaei •t : 12

.Arlicle by ,,e (J•o, to lez] .. RUIG 1').,

[Ic\t1 The I fcalcfl Ministry's Department for the Control of Sexuall, I , 7,mnittable Diseases has recorded 161

.AII)S rclaud .l'cth ',t.. "wf 21 May. Eight) ,4IDS Faitalities Confirmed; Many lifiecttd

t1Y04I50)25S91 A arid El'f" ih; *Spni h ii1L (,,1 / According ,•h, dLcparln'teict source, the latest figures of 3 Mat 91

people aflict:d výiih the AIDS virus in the whole country

amounts to ".1 ases, nw',t of which are males between

the ages of 2i1 d•od 44. [Summar• l Montevideo. 2 May (EFT). -ýkifh tho d,.':ath

of a young man in -,rtiga,. a tow.n on the Irotzilian The source also added that a certain number of those border, thc numbcr of fatal AIDS cases e,.the cowunrv

afflicted are wilthin the 15 to 19 year-old group which has increased to 80. Public Health Nlinisti•r l)i'cior

would seem to indicate a lack of sexual education and Eduardo Lasalvia has reported that the "iumber of people

preventative measures within this age group, carrying the AIDS virus, although many are still unaware

The department pointed out that 191 recorded cases are of it, could total 10,000.

due to contagion by sexual contact, the majority of which

are homosexuals and bisexuals, and to a lesser extent

heterosexual individuals. VENEZUELA

According to a department official, AIDS transmitted

through blood transfusions has been declining over the Health Ministry Reports 637 People Victims of

past few months due to modern techniques used in AIDS

analyzing blood samples. P.1 1005 231291 Madrid EFE in Spanish 2135 GA I7

The Health Ministry's Epidemiology Department has 8 May 91

organized an anti-AIDS committee comprising members

of different institutions whose task is to instruct all [Text] Caracas, 8 May (EFE)-According to statistics

public employees on how to prevent this illness from released today by the Ministry of Health and Social spreading. Welfare (SAS), AIDS has claimed the lives of 637

Venezuelans.

ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

Spokespersons for SAS indicated that there are 1,2 17

Three New AIDS Cases Recorded cases of AIDS in Venezuela, of these 1, 115 are men, that

FL1405135691 Bridgetown CANA in English is, 91.62 percent.

1243 GMT 14 May 91 The SAS statistics show that there are over 4,000 people

[Text] Kingstown, St. Vincent, May 14, CANA-St. in Venezuela infected with the virus that causes the

Vincent and the Grenadines recorded three new cases of disease.

the deadly Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) between November 1990 and April this year, The SAS states that there are 22 children under 10 years

health officials here said. Up to the end of April, 67 of age suffering from the disease and 29 new cases have

persons had tested positive for the HIV virus which been reported this year alone.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 23

BANGLADESH as far as our expertise and limited capabilities allow. The

representative government of the country is expected to

AIDS Problem Needs Urgent Attention work ow1 a policy that should be feasible enough to

AIWD DS Prole Ne eds V1rgen Attntion k q.alleviate the long protracted health grievances and unp91WD0 772 fhaka 71" ,VEHF N..i 1N tn l.iharcionatle negligence and deliberate evasion of duties be

15 ',pr 9/p1 5 dealt with harshly so that these do no! recur. This delta

country has been historically a disease prone region of

[Editorial: "AIDS in Bangladesh"] the subcontinent and it deserves priority to have the

[Text] Since the detection of the highly contagious AIDS strongcst and the most effective health ministry to take

virus the entire world has been found awestricken. up ameliorative steps to stave off all sorts of diseases

Billions of dollars are being spent in the western coun- including AIDS before we are taken hostage unaware.

tries to devise a cure and prevent it from taking human

toll. Anyone found to be affected by this killer virus

called HIV is treated there with special care and the PAKISTAN

patient is not allowed to keep physical contact with

others. But this world-wide consternation and sensible

precaution seem to have the least impact in our country AIDS Testing Center Established at Port Office

where such a fatal disease goes almost unnoticed, unat- BK1305024691 Karachi Del {WN in English 12 May 91

tended or untreated despite timely warning by the virol- p 3

ogists and medicine experts.

One of the two AIDS victims repatriated from abroad [Text] Karachi, May 9-A centre for testing AIDS dishas reportedly died recently at his home in Noakhali and ease has been set up at the Port Health Office in Keamari

the other hailing from Chittagong has been living at where compulsory blood analyses to detect human

large. The diagnoses were made in Papua New Guinea immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the sailors are

and Dubai and both of the patients at their first appear- being carried out.

ance in the country raised eyebrows of many. They were,

however, treated at the P.G. Hospital and were released The centre has been established by the National Institute

after one month without cure or improvement despite of Health [NIH], Islamabad and the World Health

the warning of the experts against the potential danger of Organisation (WHO), at which it will be mandatory for

infection if they are not quarantined. But the Ministry of the Pakistani sailors to under go tests. This is the first

Health paid no heed to it and turning down the sugges- such mandatory testing centre in the country.

tions of the Bangladesh AIDS Committee the patients

were set free to infect hundreds, as the experts fear,

through sexual contact, optical or nasal mucus, urine or The centre was opened by Dr. Syed Mohsin Ali, director,

vomited and excreted contents, the needles and utensils Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC]. The

used by the patients. Director of Central Health Establishment, Dr. Nafis

Bano was also present.

Even the issue was brought up at the Jatiyo Sangsad of

General Ershad in June last year and a heated discussion Designated as AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Centre, it has

followed but it was of no avail as no positive steps were been in operation for the past 45 days where 30 sailors

taken to treat the patients already affected and quaran- are being examined every day, under a plan for compultine them nor the inmates of families of the AIDS sory medical check.

patients were checked. No measures were passed to

undertake a diagnosis operation intended to minimise Dr. Sarwar Habibur Rahman, the Port Health Officer

susceptibility or importation of the disease from outside. said that one reactive HIV detected out of the large

Both the Sangsad of Ershad and the Ministry of Health number of sailors tested and the samples are being sent

have deliberately evaded their responsibilities endan- to the National Institute of Health in Islamabad for

gering public health. With this is admitted that there are 'confirmation.' The people who man this centre have

countless diseases and deaths caused which go unnoticed been trained at NIH.

and untreated and the Ministry of Health has proved its

fecklessness to take measures to resist them. Diarrhoea, Dr. Rahman said after detecting positive virus the

for instance, has recently broken out almost in epidemic patient would be informed properly about it without

form in the coastal regions of the country and the people giving him any psychological trauma and told to live

are dying in hundreds untreated as no saline or preven- with the killing disease.

tive measures are available. The Ministry has no onus

but to say the stock is exhausted. The tests will be carried out free of cost.

Killer disease like AIDS calls for urgent attention of the

conscious section of the citizens and the issue is worth Dr. Rahman said so far 84 HIV positive cases have been

discussion with right earnest to stall the infectious virus detected in the country at the JPMC, NIH and at the Aga
JPRS-TEP-91-012

24 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 5 June 1991

Khan University Hospital out of which 14 cases were the Aga Khan University Hospital, the Jinnah Postgradsuch they had to be notified to the WHO. uate Medical Centre and the latest at the Port Health Office.

The Director of Central Health Establishment, Dr. Nafis

Bano said at present testing for AIDS disease were She said a proposal was being considered to set up a

available at National Institute of Health in Islamabad, centre at Karachi Airport.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 SOVIET UNION 25

Compulsory AIDS Insurance Introduced for News AIDS Treatment Said To Outperform U.S.

Health Workers Drug

LD3004214791 Moscow TASS in English 1807 GMT PM2405214191 Moscow KOMSOMOLSKA YA

30 Apr 91 PRAVDA in Russian 25 May 91 p 2

[Text] Moscow April 30 TASS-A Soviet Government

resolution, made public here today, envisages compul- [Report by V. Sanatin report: "Comrade, Believe! A

sory state insurance of medical workers against infection Treatment for AIDS Has Been Found"]

with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

(AIDS) virus during the performance of their duties as

well as against disability or death of AIDS. The resolu- [Text] Sverdlovsk-The sensational rumor that an effection is put into effect from May 1. tive preparation for treating AIDS has been developed in

the Urals has been confirmed. It appears that the Urals

"Insurance will be effected at the expense of the union branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences has been

budget. The resolution envisages a premium of 2,000 looking long and hard for a means to combat the "plague

roubles to the insured medical worker in case of infec- of the 20th century." The scientists' quest was not

tion with the AIDS virus, advertised in the press. But work was under way with the licorice plant, which is common in the Urals and well

Should the insured person is incapacitated owing to known to folk medicine. From this plant, which belongs

AIDS, he or she will receive 10,000 roubles. In case of to th le mily, p nom poant ito the leguminous family, potent components of antideath of AIDS, the inheritors of the insured would be tumour drugs were extracted in the past. Now there is

paid 20,000 roubles. hope that licorice is capable of saving mankind from

immune deficiency.

Over 600 Soviets, 586 Foreigners With AIDS

Virus I was unable to establish the name of the new prepara- LD0305053391 Moscow All-Union Radio Mayak tion. But I was told at the Chemical Institute of the

Network in Russian 0030 GMT 3 May 91 Bashkir Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of

[Editorial Report] Moscow All-Union Radio Mayak Net- Sciences' Urals Branch that the new Soviet preparation,

work on 3 May carries a five-minute correspondent's having undergone initial tests, has proved many times

report on the "first international conference on self- more effective than the U.S. AZT drug.

destructing syringes," recently held in the United States.

Our scientists and pharmaceutists are only to be envied. After hearing the chairman of the Battle Against AIDS If we are the first on the "anti-AIDS" market, it will be

Association, who took part in the conference, explain a world sensation and a magnificent success. All that is

why such syringes might be of use in the USSR, the needed it to give the "green light," just once, to the

correspondent reports: "Five hundred and eighty-six originators of the preparation, and its tests and manuforeigners and 623 Soviets carrying the AIDS virus have facturers. Then they may have the chance to become

now been uncovered in our country. Every week, on billionnaires!

average, four or five people are added to this list."

iLatvia We must not forget that the sophisticated organic synNine AIDS Cases Reported in Lthesis laboratories across the ocean are no worse than

LD0705224891 Riga Radio Riga International ours. And that licorice grows not only in the Urals but

in English 2030 GMT 7 May 91 also in America's subtropics, in North Africa, and in

[Text] Nine inhabitants of Latvia are infected by AIDS Australia.

virus, Latvian Health Ministry informs. One patient, the

first in Latvia, has already died of AIDS. Will we let the fire-bird escape?
JPRS-TEP-91-012

26 WEST EUROPE 5 June 1991

REGIONAL AFFAIRS improvement of coverage can take place. as well as the

reliability and lhe comparahilit: of ;he data used:

EC To Adopt AIDS Action Plan Whereas the conciusions ofthe (Council and the Minis91AN0235 Lu.x-emhourg OFFICIAL JOURNAL 01 ters for Health oflie Memb;,:r Sw:,ic, Tc:1ing wthin the

THE EIUROPE,L N ('OMM UNITIES in English Council of 16 May 108). regai dine Hire activities on

No ('13, 19 .an 91 pp 6-11 AIDS pre.cention ond, oniwo!a ,t ( onmutt ity level called

upon the Commission to examine th,. possibilities for

["Proposal for a Decision of the Council and the Minis- harmonization with regard to condoms and HIV selfters for Health of the Member States Meeting Within the testing kits;

Council Adopting a Plan of Action in the Framework of

the 1991 to 1993 'Europe Against AIDS' Programme"- Whereas the resolution of the Council and Ministers for

COM(90)601 final] Health of the Member States, meeting within the

Council of 22 December 1989. on the fight against AIDS,

[Text] The Council and the Ministers for Health of the requested the Commission to develop exchanges of

Member States, meeting within the Council, information and experience defining in priority the

details and contents of an action plan integrating appro- Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European priate measures to prevent and control AIDS; Economic Community.

ddecision submitted by the Whereas the conclusions of the Council and the MinisHaving regard to the proposed ters for Health of the Member States, meeting within the

Council of 17 May 1990, on medical and psycho-social

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia- care services in relation to the AIDS epidemic, requested

ment, the Commission to examine the feasibility of developing

a consistent approach to costing the management of care

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social for HIV seropositive persons; Committee, Whereas the present plan of action for the programme

Whereas the increase in the AIDS epidemic is of major "Europe Against AIDS" contains the aforementioned

concern to Member States and the Community; requests; whereas it also contains other measures

Whereas the resolution of the European Parliament of 30 intended to contain the AIDS epidemic,

March 1989 on the fight against AIDS called on the Have decided as follows;

Commission for action in particular in the fields of

information and training of health professionals; Article 1

Whereas the resolution of the representatives of the 1. The Commission shall implement the 1991 to 1993

governments of the Member States, meeting within the action plan set out in the Annex in close coordination

Council of 29 May 1986, on AIDS, requested the Coin- with the competent authorities of Member States.

mission to organize an exchange of information and 2. The Commission will cooperate with international experience;2.TeCmisowilcoeaewtinrainl organizations active in this field such as the WHO and

Whereas the resolution of the Council and of the Minis- the Council of Europe.

ters of Education meeting within the Council of 23

November 1988, concerning health education in schools, 3. The Commission will regularly publish technical

expressed concern about the high incidence of AIDS, information on the progress of the action plan.

and invited the Commission to undertake a series of Article 2

actions at Community level;

Whereas the conclusions of the Council and Ministers 1. The Community funds required for the work to be

for Health of the Member States, meeting within theby foruHealth of the Memb89egardState ing wiepr nthin te the budget authority within the context of the appropri- Council of 16 May 1989, regarding the prevention of ations available for each year.

AIDS in intravenous drug users, requested the Commission to prepare and submit to the Council a programme Article 3

in this area;

1. The Commission will continuously assess the action

Whereas the conclusions of the Council and the Minis- undertaken and the priorities taking into account

ters for Health of the Member States, meeting within the emerging urgencies.

Council of 16 May 1989, on the improvement of the

general system for collecting epidemiological data, 2. The Council and the Ministers for Health of the

including the application of the new definition of AIDS Member States meeting within the Council will carry out

cases, asked the Commission to compare the system for an evaluation of the effectiveness of the actions underrecording notifications of AIDS cases at national and taken. To this end the Commission will submit a report

Community level in order to pinpoint where the on the subject during the second half of 1992.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 WEST EUROPE 27

tNN;V.X , Daig ns will b. carried out with a view to improving

Ii. ,:x;t'inr" carnwaiu•tns and to designing more effective

Chaptey tIn rimti 'vr 111 zliq I fi A l.-ll: in fhe

!PU;l l ll ily . lu k cIon ,(oimllrUllmn' level, a puiblicity campaign will need to

The .. r),r n"e I pe'CftiOil caln,,l l," srt-sse,[ entgh ;..it into, ,(,"'lnt !he i.xperiencc of the Member States in

3s t);n'," , no a ar ,'1in . nor c,'ecti-, trcaIr rnent iabe orde'r to enure ma.\imuni impact on the general public, Ti Meber Staes have beer actie for several years c. resulting i,r ,,.reasc! cwareness. This campaign will also Throe %ltvig iitfor ation and health for educatin lhe aim at pro- iding ini'ormatioji to prevent discrimination

general public in this field. It is of fundamental impor- against HIV-seroposiuve pcrsons and AIDS sufferers.

t aice to con title this work in order tl ensure the success 'rhe public and private organizations involved in the

of prevention efforts,. fight against AIDS will be closely associated with the

Different approaches are used in the Member States in prenaration and implementation of this action. Broad

prevcnutic strategics and prevention intervention coverage will bc givcn to the results of the actions.

methods aie under deveiopment and evaluation. This With the help of appropriate experts, the Commission

diversily cfapproach can tbe used to maximum benefit if ,ill establish a European code against AIDS and ensure

,here is an interactive knowledge of what is being done. its traisformation Into layman's language. DisseminaTherefore, exchanges of infbrmation are necessary and tion of the code will be made in all appropriate fora,

need to be promoted. including schools and the workplace.

A key role at Community level is to facilitate exchanges Action 2: Prevention of HIV Infection and Health

of experience, to evaluate results, and to promote new Education in Schools

approaches, so that the most effective approaches can be

promoted taking into account local needs and character- Exchanges of information will be encouraged and supistics. ported within the framework of health education in

schools. Specific seminars for teachers from the Member

Health education in schools is an essential part of health States will provide not only an opportunity for

promotion, arid within the limits of specific national exchanging experiences and knowledge, but also lay

educational policies and structures, appropriate arrange- down the foundations for broader cooperation.

ments should be made for coordinating healthpromotion measures, so that health education can be Where appropriate, exchanges of teaching materials proseen by children as a practical part of their lives. duced in Member States on health education related to

AIDS and HIV infection will be promoted and supRepeated efforts are necessary for prevention messages ported.

to be retained by the public and relevant target groups.

This will help them develop a real understanding of Action 3: Eurobarometer Surveys on AIDS and Its

AIDS problems and their consequences, in order to Prevention

contribute to a change in their attitudes. Repeated monitoring of public opinion and attitudes is

Simple messages can increase the general public's aware- necessary in order to assess the effectiveness of prevenness and improve the efficiency of an AIDS prevention tion efforts.

information campaign, in particular by the use of a

European code against AIDS which will take into Regular updating of Eurobarometer surveys will be caraccount the work already carried out in the Council of ried out in close cooperation with European specialists in

Europe. this field so as to determine to what extent Europeans are

informed about AIDS issues and prevention. Objectives: Chapter 2: Prevention and Treatment, Social Care, and

-To prevent the spread of the epidemic by providing Counselling

information on HIV risk factors, and therefore to Clinical trials have shown that the available treatments

avoid discrimination and stigmatization of HIV- do not cure the disease although they do appear to delay

its onset. New approaches are under development and

-To monitor attitudes towards AIDS in the general evaluation. Persons with AIDS need specific care, in

population of the Community. particular the rapid treatment of multiple infections due

to immunodeficiency.

Action 1: Informing the Public About AIDS Prevention Counselling is an important element in both care and

Campaigns preventive strategies. Intravenous drug users are a highrisk group for which treatments and social care are of

Member States have already gained valuable experience particular importance.

in the use of publicity campaigns to inform the public

about AIDS. A survey of current AIDS prevention Objectives:
J PRS-TEP-91-012

28 WEST EUROPE 5 June 1991

-To improve medical and psycho-social support to WHO report on costs, and the conclusions of the EuroHIV-positive and AIDS-symptomatic drug users: pean Health Committee with regard to the impact of AIDS on the organization of health care.

-To make counselling more accessible to all HIVpositive people: Action 6: Reduclion of HIV Transmission in Blood and

Blood-Based Products

-To prevent the spread of HIV infection among drug

users, their sexual partners, and offspring, In the pad., a cause oF'AIDS was the transmission of HIV

in blood and blood-dcrived products. Several measures

-To reduce HIV transmission in blood and blood based have now significantly reduced the risk of transmission.

products. Selection of blood and plasma donors and screening of

their donation for HIV antibodies is now systematically

Action 4: Exchanges of Experience on Counselling and carried out, in accordance with the recommendations of

Treatment Services the Council of Europe. Also, Directive 89/381/EEC

relating to medicinal products derived from human

Accessibility to counselling services, as well as telephone blood and plasma lays down requirements for manufacdirectories and other telephone information systems, are turing and purification processes to ensure, insofar as

necessary to assist both HIV-seropositive persons and technology permits, the absence of specific viral containAIDS sufferers. ination.

Crisis intervention help lines are increasingly available However, the risk of transmission can be reduced still

in Member States. The first European Conference on further. The attainment of European self-sufficiency in

AIDS hotlines, which took place in Amsterdam (April blood and blood-derived products has become a Com1989), has demonstrated their effectiveness not only in munity objective, through the promotion of voluntary

providing support in cases of crisis but also in serving as unpaid blood donations. The Commission will examine

an anonymous personalized information system. carefully the current situation and evaluate how best

This could lead to the establishment of a Community- these objectives can be achieved, bearing in mind its

wide directory of help lines. This should be done in close current cooperation with the Council of Europe in this

coordination with drug help lines, since HIV- field.

seropositive and AIDS-symptomatic drug users may Chapter 3: Epidemiological Assessments

have recourse to both systems.

Although statistics are available on the numbers of AIDS

With the growing mobility of people in the European cases, there are no reliable statistics for HIV seroprevaCommunity, there is a need to promote exchanges of lence.

experience between health care professionals on treatment services and medical care, so that they can cope Prevention, treatment, and risk reduction strategies and

better with an increasing number of patients coming the corresponding allocation of resources require knowlfrom different cultural backgrounds. edge of the patterns and trends of the AIDS epidemic.

Appropriate means will be established for exchanges of Objectives:

experience, and to develop effective treatment method- -To ensure and improve the availability and comparaologies. That could lead to a European guide of medical bto ensure and heaiabltanc HIV a

care and treatment facilities, which can be used further bility of data on AIDS, and HIV seroprevalence;

by Member States and the Commission to promote -To provide, through epidemiological studies on AIDS/

exchange visits. HIV, appropriate information for preventive policies.

Action 5: Development of Models for the Costing of the Action Data on 7: AIDS Improvements to the System for Gathering the

Management of AIDS

It is foreseen that there could be 150,000 persons with The European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS (WHO-EC Collaborative Centre in Paris) AIDS in the European Community in 1992. The average is playing a major role in gathering and analysing epideyearly cost for an AIDS patient has been estimated as miological data on AIDS.

being of the order of ECU 20,000 for medication,

hospitalization, home care, and psycho-social support. In order to improve the quality of the data, support will

Thus, ECU 3 billion will be required in 1992 to cover be given to national monitoring systems; to the accessithese costs, and this amount could be expected to bility of the Paris Centre's data base: and to improving

increase yearly as the number of AIDS victims rises. epidemiological information on the disease.

The Commission will examine the feasibility of devel- Proposals will be made on the establishment of a Comoping models for the costing of the management of munity-wide system, with a view to facilitating

AIDS, taking account of the available findings of the exchanges of information.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 WEST EUROPE 29

Action 8: Common Methodological Approaches To DENMARK

Ensure the Availability and Comparability of

Epidemiological Data on HIV Seroprevalence Funds for Home Care of AIDS Patients

HIV seroprevalence is becoming a central issue in devel- 91 WEO308A Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

oping strategies for prevention and care. The present in Danish 5 Feb 91 p 3

lack of knowledge is not a sufficient basis on which to

establish sound health policies. [Article by Jens-Arne Sorensen: "Additional Funds for

As a first step, a methodology should be agreed at Care of AIDS Patients"-first paragraph is BERCommunity level. LINGSKE TIDENDE introduction]

[Text] Until now, AIDS patients who wanted to die at

A survey will be made on current approaches deter- home had to remain at Hvidovre Hospital. Criticism has

mining HIV seroprevalence in the European Commu- now resulted in 800,000 additional kroner for the care of

nity, in order to provide information on the epidemio- the terminally ill.

logical situation regarding HIV transmission.

The much praised Hvidovre project, in which AIDS

patients can be cared for at home in the final months of

Chapter 4: Manpower Training and Development their lives, was about to come to a complete standstill for

The development of the actions contained in this pro- want of money.

gramme in terms of prevention, treatment, risk reduc- Yesterday the project was allocated 800,000 additional

tion, socioeconomic integration, as well as epidemiolog- kroner by the City of Copenhagen. Dr. Jens Ole Nielsen,

ical data collection and evaluation, requires the presence the head of Hvidovre Hospital's infectious diseases

of adequately trained personnel. department, which has approximately 20 AIDS patients,

Adaptation and improvement of training for health and said:

social care professionals can be ensured through "It is regrettable that patients have to wait to go home

exchanges of experience. when they have so little time left to live. So we requested

800,000 kroner for additional home care. I have just Objectives: been informed by Jorgen Frederiksen, the deputy mayor

in charge of hospitals, and by the hospital's administra- -- To provide health and social care professionals with tion that the funds have been granted."

an adequate knowledge of AIDS prevention and primary care of AIDS patients and HIV-seropositive Some AIDS patients at Hvidovre Hospital can now persons; fulfill their wish to die at home. For this they can thank

the National Federation of Gays and Lesbians (LBL).

-To develop an adequate core of specialists in AIDS

prevention, treatment, and psycho-social care of "We could not accept this inhumane treatment of dying

people with HIV or AIDS. patients. For that reason it is gratifying that the city has

stepped in. but at the moment this cannot satisfy the

need. The relevant fact is that it certainly does cost more Action 9: Systems of University Training for Health to hospitalize people than it does to care for them at

Care Workers; Mobility of Medical and Nursing home. The human costs haven't been taken into account

Students and in this context I would mention, for example, that a

Universities and bodies involved with professional single AIDS patient died at the hospital before he could Urainiversitises forhehand b socinv lvaed wthofesionl return home because of the project's poor funding. A

training courses for health and social care should become second patient, contrary to his own wish, was forced

more involved in the fight against AIDS with adequate back into the hospital after having been discharged, but

information and training on AIDS issues being pro- there was no money for home care," said Jakob Haff,

vided. LBL's AIDS coordinator.

To accelerate the education and continuous training of Until now, 1.2 million kroner were designated for the

professionals, the development of appropriate teaching home care project at Hvidovre Hospital. On an annual

materials and supports is necessary. basis, that covers approximately 10 hours of daily care

A survey will be made on the training and instruction from home care workers and nurses for two patients.

given in university education and training, and

exchanges of experience will be organized. Study of Prostitution, AIDS Link

91 WE0329B Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

A survey on existing teaching materials will be carried in Danish 21 Mar 91 p 2

out and, if appropriate, the promotion of exchanges of

materials, as well as the development of additional [Text] Odense-Men who buy sex from prostitutes in

training material. Odense want to have the goods without a condom. The
JPRS-TEP-91-012

30 WEST EUROPE 5 June 1991

customers are willing to pay double the price without a act as sponsors. We lack a place in which we can carry

condom-even at the risk of getting AIDS. Besides this, out such activities. We will need various things such as

AIDS information to prostitutes is not clear enough, coffee makers, paper, scissors, typewriters, photocopiers,

according to a study of female street prostitutes in and other similar materials as well," explained chief

Odense made by Fyn County. The county's AIDS com- district medical officer Klavs Find, who hoped everyone

mittee wanted to find out whether the prostitutes know would be interested and help out.

enough about HIV-infection and AIDS, and what information they need. Fyn County is now trying, together Agency Acts To Protect Blood Supply

with the county's treatment center and the YWCA's

shelter house, "Dueslaget," to help narco-prostitutes AIDS-Risk Donors Screened

especially. 91WE0328A BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish

24 Mar 91 p 3

Greenland AIDS Information Project Debate

91 WEO308B Nuuk GRONLANDSPOSTEN in Danish [Article by Jesper Olsen: "Sex-Buyers Must Not Give

22 Mar 91p 6 Blood"-first paragraph BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

introduction]

[Unattributed article: "AIDS Debate in a Workshop"- [Text] The Health Administration has expanded the

first paragraph is GRONLANDSPOSTEN introduction] AIDS-risk group because of an increasing number of

HIV-positive prostitutes. This means stricter rules for

[Text] Klavs Find, the chief district medical officer in blood donation.

Tasiilaq, is informing his colleagues in other agencies

about the AIDS campaign in town. Beginning 1 April the Health Administration will no

longer accept blood from persons who have been in close Nuuk-"The AIDS campaign which Paarisa conducted contact with a prostitute. The Administration has

two to three years ago is no longer having much of an expanded the circle of AIDS-risk groups-those that

effect." must not give blood-to include Danes who have "con-

"It's as if people are forgetting its message. So we're suited" the easy ladies of the street.

thinking about setting up an informal, operational work- Before having blood drawn, all donors must now read

shop which will provide, translate, interpret, and and sign a new pamphlet that says, among other things,

advance existing knowledge about AIDS." that blood donors must not have had sex with a prostiSo said Klavs Find, Tasiilaq's chief district medical tute within the past year.

officer, after concluding that the incidence of sexual The Health Administration's new guidelines go into

diseases in Greenland is rising, effect 1 April and replace the Administration's previous

"The idea about an operational workplace has been well definition of risk groups that was set in January 1988.

received by staff at the hospital, and we think we'll work Dr. Michael von Magnus from the Health Administrawith newspaper clippings, posters, discussions, scripts, tion told BERLINGSKE TIDENDE about the rule

and plays, and of course with tapes and videos," said change: "The risk that Danish prostitutes will transmit

Klavs Find, who went on to say: the disease is not very great. At any rate, the number of

"The aim will be to increase our all-round knowledge infected prostitutes is not rising. However, we know that

about the deadly disease and, in the light of this knowl- the transmission of the disease from this sector is very

edge, [learn] what the prospects are in Greenland's high abroad--particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia.

society. I have also proposed that young people in town But in the definition of a risk group we cannot differencan be involved in this informal work, so they can take a tiate behween visits to various prostitutes. Therefore we

tape recorder to the elderly in town and interview them would rather be on the safe side and let the risk group

about their views on life, etc. In this way the young can include all customers of prostitutes."

also feel they want to speak freely about everything. We The Health Administration does not know whether the

see ourselves holding an open house once a week, and expansion of the risk group will mean a fall in the

each time one or two people with professional expertise number of blood donors. Each year 400,000 units of

can inform the people about AIDS and its effects," said blood are donated to the country's blood banks.

Klavs Find, who is also providing information about the

idea to other agencies he will be working with. Minister Issues Order

"Our working method will be informal, I would like it to 91 WE0328B Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

be cheerful, and we want to have music with it. For this in Danish 23 Apr 91 p 1

reason we're providing information to our colleagues in

the schools, the social service administration, the trade [Article by Sten Tolderlund: "Minister Orders All Donor

school, hobby classes, clubs, the Greenland Trade, and Blood Checked"-first paragraph is BERLINGSKE

many other places, who can be active participants and TIDENDE introduction]
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 WEST EUROPE 31

[Text] The Health Administration was ordered yesterday could not answer yesterday whether the donor blood that

to begin a check of donor blood as soon as possible is already in the blood banks will also be checked for

throughout the whole country for the dangerous virus hepatitis C.

hepatitis C.

Several members of the Folketing's Health Committee Health Minister Ester Larsen (Radical Liberal Party) are quite dissatisfied with the report on the blood virus

stepped in immediately yesterday in the matter of the hepatitis C that Health Minister Ester Larsen (Radical

dangerous virus hepatitis C. This occurred after the Liberal Party) gave yesterday.

revelation of the matter in BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

Sunday. It is feared that between 2,000 and 5,000 Danes Immediately after TV journalist Bill Rathye on Channel are already infected. 2 and BERLINGSKE TIDENDE raised the issue

"I have asked the Health Administration to take steps to Sunday, the Health Committee decided to call in the

begin a screening of all donor blood in Denmark for the minister for consultation on Tuesday.

hepatitis C virus as rapidly as it can be done," Larsen

said after a hasty meeting with the Health Administra- But after the meeting yesterday the members of the

tion yesterday afternoon, committee said that the minister could not answer whether the blood presently in the blood banks will also "The important thing for me is for the country's citizens be checked for the hepatitis C virus.

to retain confidence in donor blood. In the meantime we

cannot assure full safety against all transfusion- Therefore a majority of the committee, consisting of

transmitted hepatitis C virus, but a new test will be able members of the Social Democratic Party, the Socialist

to prevent the transmission of a good bit of it." People's Party, the Christian People's Party, and the

The Health Administration now intends to establish Democratic Center have called the minister in for a new

guidelines for blood banks in all the country's hospi- consultation today to clear up whether "old" blood will

tals-in the same way it was done previously for hepa- be screened.

titis B and the AIDS virus.

On Monday the minister ordered the Health AdminisThe guidelines are expected to appear shortly, but before tration to begin screening "all donor blood in Denmark."

they can be put into practice, new equipment will be But there is still the question of whether this only applies

purchased. to the donor blood that will be drawn in the future or not.

"The original methods of detecting the virus were quite

imprecise. Therefore the Health Administration will The Health Committee asked the health minister in

delay its screening to await the arrival of more accurate yesterday's meeting whether blood that has already been

methods," the minister said. She finds no reason to

criticize the fact that the matter has been before the

Health Administration for a year. She does not think that "When the minister says to the press that the country's

Denmark is behind many other countries, citizens are to have complete confidence in donor blood,

this must obviously also apply to the existing blood in

Larsen said that she knew nothing of the matter until the blood banks. Otherwise people must expect to

BERLINGSKE TIDENDE wrote about it: "I am dis- become sick or to have their operations postponed," the

tressed that I was not told of the matter when we in the chairman of the Health Committee, Kopke Christensen

Health Ministry received the report from the Health (Progress Party) said.

Administration in February."

It will cost 15 million kroner a year on a national basis to dissatisfied "I don't feel with that the wgot fact a that clear the answer, minister and could I amalso not

check donor blood for hepatitis C, and the minister said answer how long it will be before the screening begins."

that she will now consult with the County Council

Association on where the money will come from. Birgilte Husmark (Socialist People's Party) said: "It is

not satisfactory that the minister could not say how soon

Measures Seen Adequate the screening could begin, just as she could not answer

91 WE0328C Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE whether it will include the blood that is already in

in Danish 24 Apr 91 p 5 storage.

[Article by Sten Tolderlund: "All Blood May Not Be "I am also critical of the long treatment of the matter in

Checked For Deadly Virus--firsi paragraph is BER- the Health Administration and in the Health Ministry.

LINGSKE TII)ENDF intioduction] The minister says that oniy recently have more accurate

methods for detecting hepatitis virus C appeared. Nev-

[Text] A majority in the Folketing's Health Committee ertheless, the National Hospital and the Aalborg Hoshas called in Health Minister Ester Larsen for another pital have screened blood since December 1989 and

consultation today. During consultation the minister found several cases of infected donors."
JPRS-TEP-91-012

32 WEST EUROPE 5 June 1991

Refused To Answer United States. But how many died specifically of hepatitis C is not known, since it could not be tested. Now

Karen Hojte Jensen (Conservative Party) reported that this can be done, and there is no doubt that hepatitis C the Health Administration in its report to the Health isabgpolm"D.Bcesid

Ministry did not take a position on whether the blood is a big problem," Dr. Bacher said.

that the blood banks have at present should be tested or The infected hemophiliacs are all thought to have been

not. infected before 1986, when an AIDS-test of donor blood

"The Health Administration must now give a "was introduced and at the same time heat treatment of supple- all blood medicine was begun to stop the AIDS infection.

mental opinion on this, but I am surprised that they have

not already done so," Jensen said. "The treatment is effective for many different forms of

Torben Lund (Social Democratic Party) said: "The min- virus. have been Therefore infected we do with not hepatitis think that C the after hemophiliacs the virusister refused to answer factual questions on why such a inactivation was initiated," Bacher said.

long time has gone by. The only explanation was that

there was such a pressure of work in the ministry. Now Today AIDS is the most common cause of death among

more time will be taken up in making guidelines, and a hemophiliacs. Ninety Danish hemophiliacs were

quite unnecessary sense of insecurity is being created in infected with AIDS before control of blood medicine was

the population." introduced five years ago. Up to now, nine Danish

Health Minister Ester Larsen said after the meeting that hemophiliacs have died of AIDS.

the guidelines for the blood banks will come "in a very

short time." Agency Issues Report on AIDS, Drug Link

91 WEO331A Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

Concern Over Hepatitis C in Danish 28 Mar 91 p 6

91 WE0328D Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

in Danish 27 Apr 91 p I [Ritzaus Bureau report: "Three Hundred Copenhagen

Addicts HIV Positive-Fewer Than in Other Major

[Article by George Hilton: "Eight of Ten Hemophiliacs Cities"]

Have Gotten Dangerous Virus"-first paragraph BER- [Text] (RB)-Between 250 and 300 drug addicts in

LINGSKE TIDENDE introduction] Copenhagen have been diagnosed as HIV positive. But

as a number of addicts do not want to be tested for the [Text] Danish hemophiliacs are thought to have been infection it is estimated that there may be over 300

infected with the feared liver sickness, hepatitis C, before infected substance abusers in the capital, according to

1986 when heat treatment of all hemophiliac medicine the Public Health Administration's publication, AIDSwas introduced. NYT.

About 300 of Denmark's 350 hemophiliacs are thought Copenhagen, which has between 2,000 and 3,000 drug

to have been infected with the feared liver inflammation, addicts, is not nearly as hard hit as other major cities,

hepatitis C, which all donor blood will now be tested for. however. Studies show that close to 65 percent of New

About 150 hemophiliacs are at risk of developing York's substance abusers are infected with HIV, due

chronic liver inflammation that can lead to cirrhosis of especially to the fact that hypodermic needles are not

the liver and liver cancer with fatal results, sold freely because of drug policy.

Dr. Theis Bacher of the blood bank at Slagelse Central It is estimated that 40 percent of the heroin addicts in

Hospital estimates that about 85 percent of the hemo- Stockholm are HIV positive. This may have something

philiacs have gotten the hepatitis C virus in their bodies. to do with the fact that in Sweden hypodermic needles

and syringes can be obtained only with a prescription.

They have gotten it from hemophiliac medicine, which is

made of blood from up to many thousands of donors. In Copenhagen needles and syringes-known as toolsare distributed free of charge to drug addicts. Currently

A total of between 2,000 and 5,000 Danes are infected this involves 50,000 needles a month. with hepatitis C. "We estimate that in the years ahead we will have a "Half of those who are infected with the severe form of constant case load of at least 20-30 substance abusers

liver inflammation, hepatitis C, become acutely sick, but with AIDS who require treatment," said chief public recover and regain their health. The other half get health physician Joel Fallov, who heads the Social Serchronic liver inflammation, which is feared because in vices Administration's AIDS work.

many cases it leads to various forms of liver damage or to

liver cancer after 10-15 years. The large number will lead to some problems as infection/medical wards have a top quota of eight drug

"Seven or eight years ago liver inflammation was the abusers at one time for fear of changing the nature of the

most common cause of death among hemophiliacs in the wards.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 WEST EUROPE 33

Job Site AIDS Program Presented FINLAND

91 WE0329A Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

in Danish 17 Apr 91 p 1 Increased Funding for AIDS Centers

91 WE0277C Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT

[Article by Anette Juul-Madsen: "Struggle Against AIDS in Finnish 15 Feb 91 p 7

at Job Site"-first paragraph BERLINGSKE TIDENDE

introduction] [Text] During the question and answer session of the

Parliament, Minister of Social Affairs and Health Mauri

[Text] Public and private job sites will have their own Miettinen [Conservative] straightened out some pubAIDS policy so that a person knows how he is to react if licity on the financial problems of the AIDS support

a fellow workers gets AIDS. A widely organized working centers.

group is about to mount a campaign that will begin next According to Miettinen, people have been given a

fall. skewed idea of the situation. It has been claimed that the

Next fall the authorities intend to begin an AIDS cam- support centers will meet with financial difficulties

paign in the country's job sites, both public and private, because the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health cut

and as many as possible. their funds for 1991.

"The support centers will get a total of 3.35 million

The campaign is being organized by a working group markkas in funds for 1991. This is 1.45 million markkas

with representatives from, among other places, the more than in 1990-that is, an increase of 76 percent,"

Health Administration, the National Association of Miettinen pointed out.

Communities, the Trade Union Federation and the

Danish Employers Association, the County Councils Out of the 3.35 million, 2.95 million will come through

Association, and the National Association of Homosex- the Finnish Slot Machine Association, and the restuals and Lesbians. 400,000 markkas-from the Ministry of Social Affairs

and Health.

In the Danish Employers Association, Section Leader

Jens Andersen says that AIDS is not considered the The Slot Machine Association had proposed a total

biggest problem at the job site, "but if we can help to get budget of 4 million markkas.

rid of a few myths, we would like to do so." Miettinen said that the budget submitted by the Slot

The goal of the campaign is to get every single job site to Machine Association was only a proposal. He pointed

form its own AIDS policy so that everyone knows how to out that the AIDS centers have already received the over

react if a fellow worker is infected or gets AIDS-to 700,000 markka cut out from the Association proposal.

make it easier for the HIV-positives and for those with Four hundred thousand markkas were given in the form

AIDS to "put their cards on the table" and to get rid of of a Christmas gift collection by the Parliamentary

myths and unnecessary fear. groups, and the rest has been provided "previously as

payments of deficits."

"It is important for HIV-positives and for those with

AIDS to be able to keep their jobs as long as possible. New Projection Model for AIDS Cases

"With the campaign we want to try to remove the fear 91 WEO290A Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMA T

and trembling that can force those with the disease out of in Finnish 16 Mar 91 p A 13

the work place," the head clerk in the Health Administration, Henning Jorgensen, said. [Text] The first model considered dependable in pronTV introduces the campaign, and the jecting the spread of the HIV virus has been developed at

A CBS program on vides the raise a s e Helsinki University by Markku Loytonen, an assistant

job sites will be offered videos that raise a series of professor in the Department of Geography. A projection questions such as: Is it infectious to use the same cups based on this model indicates that, within the next two

and silverware? What shall we do in case of a bloody yas, Fn will have 200 wihic the

accident at work? Should a person admit at his job site yearse Finland will have 200 new HIV cases, and the

that he is infected? disease will spread to all parts of the country.

Loytonen's research has attracted worldwide interest.

The videos will stop just before the conclusion is to be The Annals of the Association of American Geogra- reached and put the question up to debate. phers, the leading international series in geography,

"They will be supplemented with a newspaper, which is recently published Loytonen's article.

not an answer sheet, but which contains a reasonable Loytonen's method is based on the use of socioeconomic

guide to provide for a serious discussion," head clerk and demographic statistics to determine variables. To

Jorgensen said. predict Finnish trends, he uses five groups of variables.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

34 WEST EUROPE 5 June 1991

S. " .......... .................... . ......... ".. ....... 200 been based on the incubation period of the virus. How200 200 ever, the time estimates have continued to change, and

4 .--. incubation is now thought to take longer. Nowadays

nobody dares to make very definite predictions about

i .... t incubation periods.

H tI Loytonen's projection model has proved workable at

-.... I - least so far. It was quite accurate in predicting the 150 ............................... ........... F-• ........ -..-.-. -• . ........ ... ... ............ ......... ..... explosion in the num ber of H IV infections in Finland • ' '- 1 5 0 as e r

150 last year.

C_,. - -- The model can be applied to other countries, as well, said

."1993 Ioppuunmenness .Loytonen. Of course, the characteristics peculiar to each

.. sa n. 200 uutta tapausta geographic area will influence which variables will be lused in making the projections.

100 100 If Loytonen's projection model proves as reliable as it

100 .has been up to now, it will provide officials battling the

---t- .. . -. - HIV virus with guidelines on how to use their limited

. . .. funds. AIDS campaigns based on earlier models have

S. .been targeted at sexual minorities and drug addicts, but

the most recent statistics for Finland show that the

"_ i disease is spreading among heterosexuals and women

more rapidly than in any other European country.

50 _Chief 5. physician Olli Haikala from the environmental

division of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health

........... ... .... considers Loytonen's model better than any other preSsented so far. According to him, investigating the effects

10 ' of Loytonen's variables could lead educators to the right

. ...... ..... ............ .. 1 0 risk gro u p s.

"If any of the variables--travel, for example-expands

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 '•.t significantly at the same time that the number of HIV

cases goes up, we know of at least one group to which

educational effort should be directed."

Key: 1. Reported HIV Cases-2. 200 new cases by the

end of 1993 As far as the spread of AIDS is concerned, 1990 was the

darkest year in Finland's history. In the previous two

years, the number of new infections had already seemed

Among the variables depicting spatial interaction [pop- to be declining, but in 1990. a record number of 91 new

ulation movements], Loytonen includes Finnish vaca- infections were detected. All in ali, 382 cases have been

tion travel to foreign countries. foreign tourism to Fin- recorded in Finland.

land, and internal Finnish migration. During January and February of this year, I 1 new cases

The following variables indicate the rate o1 risk were reported, which indicates a possible annual total of

behavior: the number of gonorrhea cases, the number of about 70 cases. According to Haikala. the number ofnew

suspected drug offenses, and the number of people who infections varic greatly according to the time of year, so

live alone. one cannot draw any firm conclusions on the basis of the figures reported eari• in the year.

As an indicator for the commonness of safe sex, Loytonen uses the number of condoms sold.

Dispute Over Funding of AIDS Center

The general welfare of the population is represented by 91 PVEO290B Helsinkti HELSINGIN SINOMAT

the figures on the consumption of alcohol, the number of in Finnish 18 Mar p .4 9

unemployed, the number of people treated for intoxicant

abuse, and taxable income levels. [Text) The AIDS Support Center and the registered

association SETA [Sexual Equality] have requested the

The degree of urbanization is represented by the num- parliamentary ombudsman to conduct a speedy investibers of people living in population centers and by the gation of the legality of the conditions set on the AIDS

numbers of employees in financial and banking services, center funding.

According to Professor Loytonen. predictions by epide- The government had allotted SETA a total of 2.95

miologists have gone amiss mainly because they have million markkas for the AIDS center from the funds of
JPRS-TEP-91-012

5 June 1991 WEST EUROPE 35

the Finnish Slot Machine Association on condition that The spread among homosexuals is slowing down thanks

the center be separated from SETA by the end of the to major changes in their habits and sexual behaviour.

year. However, the Slot Machine Association did not But the report predicts a rise in the number of infected

specifically request at any point for changes to be made drug users over the next few years because of the extent

in the juridical status of the AIDS center. of drug abuse in the early 1980s.

Also, a 400,000-markka allotment by the Ministry of The trends in general have major implications for the

Social Affairs and Health had the condition that the insurance industry, the report says. Already the inciAIDS center become independent. However, the condi- dence of AIDS in the general population has prompted

tion was not justified in any way before the allocation life assurance companies to increase premiums for term

was made. assurance-that is, where cover is taken out for a fixed

Minister Tuulikki Hamalainen [Social Democrat] period at a cheap rate.

expressed a dissenting view on setting any conditions. Some companies have withdrawn the option of

extending a policy without a medical examination. A The AIDS center was established at the initiative of number have inserted a question on AIDS in their SETA. proposal forms while others ask specifically for marital

In the opinion of those requesting the inquiry, over- status.

seeing the use of the funds allotted to the center is quite But these measures alone will not be enough, the report

simple because the executive committee of the center, warns. Actuary Society spokesman Tom Collins insists

the yearly agenda, the estimated budget, and the bal- that if the spread of the disease among the general

ancing of the accounts are kept separate from SETA's community continues apace, then life premiums for

other activities. traditionally non-high-risk groups will inevitably

increase. IRELAND At the end of 1990 there were 179 reported cases of the

disease; 61 of these were in the 25 to 29 age group, while

Continuing Spread of AIDS Reported five were heterosexuals.

Actuaries' Report The number of children born HIV-positive is twice as

91 WE0325A Dublin IRISH 1NDEPENDEN7' high in Ireland as in the UK. but the prevalence of the

in English 21 Mar 91 p I disease is not as high as in most European countries.

Ninety one heterosexuals have tested HIV-positive, and

[Article by Eilish O'Regan: "AIDS To Push Up Cost of three heterosexual males and seven females in this group

Life Cover"] developed AIDS.

[Text] A new report warns of substantial increases in the The largest group of deaths-26-was in the homosexcost of life as AIDS continues to spread among the ual-bisexual community.

general population.

It confirms tha0 the disease is spreading more rapidly Latest Statistics

among heterosexoals than homrnsexuals or drug abusers

and predicts large rises TI !lng.tcrm lite assurance pre- 911'E0325A Dublin IRIStt INDEPENDENT

miums ifi 11 the en coft r1•,ucs. in Lnglish 19 Mar 91 p 3

'I-he Socie ., Triporil---compilcd ts by experts

who forecast insu'auru ,,sks,--sh',. that insutan-c" com- 1,\rticle by John Foley: "Heterosexual AIDS Increase

panics paid f499.396 in 24 suspected -N!l)S-rclatwd Alarms Cabinet"]

death claims last year.

It says more heterosexuals are contracting the disease [Text] Growing cabinet alarm over the impact here of

while on buslcins or holidav abroad, or fora, contact the AIDS epidemic has been increased by new data

with drug a3bu.Fers, alfto h -wrh overall number at the supplied to Ministers by the National AIDS Campaign,

moment is rclati, el klow which shows worrying new trends emerging.

Last nighl National -\i-S (o-,ordinao.,r I)r..Jarne \alsh Ministers' concern has increased as a result of the figures

agreed with findings Ile revealed that the per;eCntage of from the country's AIDS co-ordinator Dr. James Walsh,

heteroscxual tecred ha,' riser, from tthro ptrcent to showing a continuing increase in the incidence of the

seven of ,oual cases ia just two .,.ars disease amongst heterosexuals.

"It is steadily rising in the general population and As well as disclosing a doubling of cases in two years,

requires the closest observalion," he said. A large pro- figures from Dr. Walsh confirmed outbreaks in Kerry,

portion of heterosexuals affected are women. Donegal and other western counties.
JPRS-TEP-91-012

36 WEST EUROPE 5 June 1991

Disclosure that the epidemic is clearly spreading into the [Text] The so-called HIV man has left Sweden and gone

heterosexual population increased concerns at the back to Germany. He was taken into custody for police

existing levels of protection. observation in Goteborg on Wednesday.

Fourteen cases have occurred amongst members of the

heterosexual population with five deaths. While ten Incarceration occurred after the public health doctor

deaths have taken place of 17 cases amongst haemophil- received information that the man had resumed using

iacs. amphetamines.

These figures were especially of concern to Ministers and

lay at the basis of agreement that the condoms issue had "He requested permission to go to Germany," said

to be confronted. public health physician, Dr. Per Haglind.

And Mr. Haughey was about to announce a Government

initiative before the Circuit Court doubled fines in the The 47-year-old man, charged with sexually assaulting

Virgin Megastore appeal, government sources confirm. boys, had been previously incarcerated in Sweden. Several weeks ago, he flew on a chartered plane to Germany,

Latest figures show that 190 cases of full-blown AIDS but came back shortly afterwards to Goteborg. On

had been confirmed by March 6 last, of which 79 have Wednesday he was apprehended in accordance with the

already died. law concerning institutionalized psychiatric care and

Most of them are amongst the homosexual/bisexual was taken to the hospital for further examination.

community (72 cases with 27 deaths) and intravenous

drug abusers with 69 cases and 22 deaths. The man, a German citizen, requested to go to back to

Germany, and did so on Friday afternoon. How the Seven cases and six deaths have now been recorded return trip happened, Per Haglind declined to say, only

amongst a group classified as homosexual/bisexual/drug that he followed the man to "the edge of the Swedish

abusers. border."

And there have also been seven cases and five deaths

among babies born to intravenous drug abusers, Cabinet The public health doctor has come to the conclusion that

members have been told. there were no grounds for intervention on the basis of the

The collection of data on AIDS after the epidemic was public health laws.

discovered in the United States and Africa.

These and earlier figures have convinced Ministers that "I have also ascertained that there were not any grounds

argument against condoms on moral grounds had to be for interference from the public prosecutor's office. The

disregarded in favour of protecting the population. man is not regarded as having committed any crime. On

the psychiatric side, there were no grounds for proAnd while individual ministers may differ on the age of ceeding on the basis of the law on institutionalized

availability, all are now believed to be convinced of the psychiatric care. Nor were there grounds for proceeding

role of condoms as a public health instrument, on the basis of the law on treatment of drug addicts.

SWEDEN "He behaved in a manner which, from the point of view

of society, in so far as it pertained to Friday, must be

'HIV' Man Reincarcerated by Authorities regarded as acceptable. Thus, he may do as he pleases

91 WE0318C Stockholm DA GENS N YIETLR and he has chosen to go back to Germany."

in Swedish 21 Apr 91 p 12

The 47-year-old man was the first in Sweden to be taken

[Unattributed article: ".HIV Man' Back in Germany: into custody for the purpose of preventing the spread of

Escorted by Public Health Doctor to the Border"-fitst infection, lie had been moved around to a number of

paragraph is DAGENS NYHETER introduction] hospitals in Goteborg and Stockholm.
.1s

SPR.I.AGF IELD, . 22161

This is a U.S. Government publication. Its contents in no way represent the

policies, views, or attitudes of the U.S. Government. Users of this publication may

cite FBIS or JPRS provided they do so in a manner clearly identifying them as the

secondary source.

Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) and Joint Publications Research Service (JPRS)

publications contain political, military, economic, environmental, and sociological news, commentary,

and other information, as well as scientific and technical data and reports. All information has been

obtained from foreign radio and television broadcasts, news agency transmissions, newspapers, books,

and periodicals. Items generally are processed from the first or best available sources. It should not be

inferred that they have been disseminated only in the medium, in the language, or to the area indicated.

Items from foreign language sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed. Except for excluding certain diacritics, FBIS renders personal and place-names in accordance

with the romanization systems approved for U.S. Government publications by the U.S. Board of

Geographic Names.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets [I are supplied by FBIS/JPRS.

Processing indicators such as [Text] or [Excerpts] in the first line of each item indicate how the

information was processed from the original. Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically are enclosed in

parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear

from the original source but have been supplied as appropriate to the context. Other unattributed

parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by the source. Passages in boldface or italics are as published.

SUBSCRIPTION/PROCUREMENT INFORMATION

The FBIS DAILY REPORT contains current news provided by NTIS upon request. Subscriptions are

and information and is published Monday through available outside the United States from NTIS or

Friday in eight volumes: China, East Europe, Soviet appointed foreign dealers. New subscribers should

Union, East Asia, Near East & South Asia, Sub- expect a 30-day delay in receipt of the first issue.

Saharan Africa, Latin America. and West Europe.

Supplements to the DAILY REPORTs may also be U.S. Government offices may obtain subscripavailable periodically and will be distributed to regular tions to the DAILY REPORTs or JPRS publications

DAILY REPORT subscribers. JPRS publications, which (hardcover or microfiche) at no charge through their

include approximately 50 regional, worldwide, and sponsoring organizations. For additional information

topical reports, generally contain less time-sensitive or assistance, call FBIS, (202) 338-6735,or write

information and are published periodically, to P.O. Box 2604, Washington, D.C. 20013.

Department of Defense consumers are required to

Current DAILY REPORTs and JPRS publications are submit requests through appropriate command vallisted in Government Reports Announcements issued idation channels to DIA, RTS-2C, Washington, D.C.

semimonthly by the National Technical Information 20301. (Telephone: (202) 373-3771, Autovon:

Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, 243-3771.)

Virginia 22161 and the Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of Back issues or single copies of the DAILY

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- REPORTs and JPRS publications are not available.

ington, D.C. 20402. Both the DAILY REPORTs and the JPRS publications

are on file for public reference at the Library of

The public may subscribe to either hardcover or Congress and at many Federal Depository Libraries.

microfiche versions of the DAILY REPORTs and JPRS Reference copies may also be seen at many public

publications through NTIS at the above address or by and university libraries throughout the United

calling (703) 487-4630. Subscription rates will be States.