# Appendix D1

Onroad Sources

# MOBILE EMISSIONS INPUT DEVELOPMENT

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

### LIST OF REFERENCES

1. VinPOWER, Copyright: ESP Data Solutions Inc., Product version 4.0.0.16

2. RegistrationDistributionConverter_Veh16 http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/moves/tools.htm

3. AAD VMT Calculator HPMS.XLS http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/moves/tools.htm

### TABLE OF CONTENTS

BACKGROUND

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 1

INPUT DATA DEVELOPMENT

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 1

AGE DISTRIBUTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 2

AVERAGE SPEED DISTRIBUTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 3

RO AD TYPE DISTRIBUTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 5

SOURCE TYPE POPULATION

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 8

VEHICLE TYPE VMT

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 8

RAMP FRACTIO N

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 9

METEOROLOGY

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 9

FUEL SUPPLY & FORM ULATION

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 9

INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE (I/M) PROGRAMS

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 9

### LIST OF TABLES

Table 1

– MOVES Input Categories

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 2

Table 2

– VHT Distribution for Refuse Trucks (Average Weekday)

................................ ................................ 4

Table 3

– VHT Distribution of School Buses (6:00 am

– 6:00 pm)

................................ ................................ .. 6

Table 4

– VHT Distribution of Transit Buses

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 7

Table A1 ( A ttachment )

- Population Mapping from MOBILE6.2 Vehicle Types to MOVES Source Types



### LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1

– MOVES Modeling Process

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 1

Figure 2

– VMT Distribution Development Process

................................ ................................ ................. 81



### BACKGROUND

Th is technical report documents how the various input categories needed for successful MOVES model runs were developed. It covers the development of both travel

- related inputs, which are based on the

MWCOG/TPB regional travel demand model (Version 2.3. 52), and non

- travel related inputs (i.e., meteorology, fuel supply and formulation, and Inspection/Maintenance Programs), which were provided by agencies from the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Virginia

, and the state of Maryland. These inputs are being provided in Appendix D2 (MOVES2010a county input databases)

.



### INPUT DATA DEVELOPMENT

Input data from ten broad categories were used in the MOVES County Manager in order to generate the

mobile emissions inventories. The modeling sequence that was followed is graphically illustrated in Figure

1

.

Figure 1

– MOVES Modeling Process

I nput data were obtained from a variety of sources (Table 1). Special emphasis was placed on the inclusion

of local data

– where available

– instead of MOVES default values, which were derived from national data as opposed to regional/local data.2 Table 1

– MOVES Input Categories

A GE DISTRIBUTION

On a triennial basis since 2005, the Departments of Motor Vehicles (DMV) of the District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia supplied MWCOG/TPB vehicle registration data for use in Air Quality Conformity

Determinations. The se databases contain a broad range of attributes of the vehicles registered in the Washington region

.

Prior to being used as inputs in MOVES model runs, the “raw” vehicle registration data

– also known as

Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN)

– were decoded using a commercial decoding software program ( 1 )

. Due to the structure of the decoding software program, t he VIN database decoding was ac hieved in two steps: (1) the “raw” data was decoded to a Mobile 6.2

- compatible format (vehicle populations distributions

stratified in 16 vehicle classes and in 25 vehicle age categories ) ; and (2) the Mobile 6.2

- compatible vehicle population distributions were converted to a MOVES

- compatible format (vehicle population distributions

stratifi ed in 13 vehicle classes and in 31 vehicle age categories) using an EPA

- developed converter ( 2 ) while following the process recommended by EPA

. The vehicle population mapping process is shown in greater detail in Table A1 in the A ttachment of this report.

The vehicle population databases were reviewed by the MWCOG/TPB technical oversight committees and

went through public comments prior to becom ing approved for transportation planning applications. The

2011 VIN database was formally approved by MWCOG/TPB c oncurrently with the 2012 CLRP Air Quality Conformity Determination ( July 2012 )

. Such data was originally provided by the state agencies of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the state of Maryland in Mobile 6.2

- format for use

in Air Quality Conformity Determination analyses. This data was also converted to MOVES

- compatible format for inclusion in MOVES model runs. Base year 20 11 emissions inventories were based on the 20 11

VIN

.3

A VERAGE SPEED DISTRIBUTION

The MWCOG/TPB regional travel demand model derives travel

- related outputs

– such as VHT

-- used for Air Quality Conformity by six travel markets:

1. Light Duty Vehicles/Single Occupancy Vehicles (SOV)

2. Light Duty Vehicles/High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV2)

3. Light Duty Vehicles/High Occu pancy Vehicles (HOV3+)

4. Airport Passenger Trips

5. Commercial Vehicles

6. Trucks

A custom post processor (i.e., the V2.3 Post Processor) was developed in order to account for Vehicle Hours of Travel (VHT) stratified by three major vehicle type categories: passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles and heavy duty vehicles. The conversion of the VHT totals by the six travel markets to VHT totals by the three major vehicle type categories was done as follows:

 Passenger V ehicles (PVs) = SOV + HOV2 + HOV3+ + Airport P assenger T rip s

 Commercial Vehicles (CVs) = Commercial Vehicles

 Heavy D uty V ehicles (HDVs) = Trucks

For each of the three major vehicle type categories, hourly VHT distributions were derived by MOVES

compatible speed bin s

, by jurisdiction (i.e., county ) , and road type. MOVES calls for 16 speed bins along a continuous spectrum of speeds ranging from a low value of 2.5 mph to a high value of 75 mph in

increments of 5 mph. MOVES also calls for four road types: restricted access facilities ( i.e., freeways and expressways) in urban and rural settings and unrestricted access faciliti es (i.e., major/minor arterials,

collectors and local roads ) in urban and rural settings. Average Speed Distribution by the 16 MOVES

compatible speed bins was achieved as follows:

VHT Distribution to Restricted Facilities ( all vehicle type categories) :

 Weekday VHT Distribution :

- All Day: Hourly distribution for all vehicles (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

 Weekend VHT Distribution:

- 11:00 am

– 7 :00 pm: Distribution across the 13 MOVES

- compatible vehicle type categories reflecting the 3:00 pm hour on a weekday ( as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

- 7 :01 pm

– 10:59 am: Distribution across the 13 MOVES

- compatible vehicle type categories reflecting the 12:00 am hour on a weekday (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

VHT Distribution to Unrestricted Facilities ( a ll vehicle type categories plus I ntercity B us ). Refuse Trucks, School Buses and Transit Buses were accounted separately in a section that follows.

 Weekday VHT Distribution :

- All Day: : Hourly distribution for all vehicles (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)4

 Weekend VHT Distribution:

- 11:00 am

– 7 :00 pm: Distribution across the 13 MOVES

- compatible vehicle type categories reflecting the 3:00 pm hour on a weekday (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

- 7 :01 pm

– 10:59 am: Distribution across the 13 MOVES

- compatible vehicle type categories reflecting the 12:00 am hour on a weekday (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

VHT Distribution to Unrestricted Facilities of Refuse Trucks : Refuse Trucks operate on a 3

- phase cycle : Phase 1 is the period of driving from the dispatch garage to trash collection sites; Phase 2 is the period of the actual trash/recycle collection; Phase 3 is the period of driving back to transfer stations. Based on the local da ta provided by Fairfax County

, VA, the average speed of Phase 1 and Phas e 3 is within the MOVES S peed B in 6 range, and the average speed of Pha se 2

is within the MOVES S peed B in 2.

Weekday VHT Distribution (Table 2) :

- 5 :00 am

– 5 :00 pm ( Trash Collection): V HT hourly d istribution consists of Phase s 1, 2 and 3

.

- 5 :0 0 pm

– 5:00 am (On R oad Phase) : VHT hourly d istribution consists of Phase 2

.

Speed Bins Speed Range 5:00 AM

- 5:00 PM 5:01 PM

- 4:59 AM

1 speed < 2.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

2 2.5mph <= speed < 7.5mph 62.65% 0.00%

3 7.5mph <= speed < 12.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

4 12.5mph <= speed < 17.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

5 17.5mph <= speed <22.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

6 22.5mph <= speed < 27.5mph 37.35% 100.00%

7 27.5mph <= speed < 32.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

8 32.5mph <= speed < 37.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

9 37.5mph <= speed < 42.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

10 42.5mph <= speed < 47.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

11 47.5mph <= speed < 52.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

12 52.5mph <= speed < 57.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

13 57.5mph <= speed < 62.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

14 62.5mph <= speed < 67.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

15 67.5mph <= speed < 72.5mph 0.00% 0.00%

16 72.5mph <= speed 0.00% 0.00%

Table 2

– VHT Distribution for Refuse Trucks (Average Weekday)

W eekend VHT Distribution :

- All Day: VHT d istribution made up of Phase 1 and Phase 3 (on road phases) Source: Fairfax Co., VA5

VHT Distribution to Unrestricted Facilities of School Buses:

W eekday VHT Distribution :

- 6:00 am

– 6 :00 pm: VHT d istribution from Fairfax County , VA school bus speed data. ( Table 3)

- 6:0 0 pm

– 6:00 am: VHT d istribution of heavy duty vehicles (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

Weekend VHT Distribution:

- 11:00 am

– 7:00 pm: VHT Distribution of heavy duty vehicles at 3:00 pm on a weekday (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

- 7:0 0 pm

– 1 1 : 00 am: VHT Distribution of heavy duty vehicles at 12:00 am on a weekday (as derived from the V2.3 Post Processor)

VHT Distribution to Unrestricted Facilities of T ransit B uses Weekday VHT Distribution (Table 4) :

- 6:00 am

– 9:00 am: VHT distribution from WMATA’s transit bus speed data of AM peak period

- 9:0 0 am

– 3:00 pm: VHT distribution from WMATA’s transit bus speed data of off

- peak period

- 3:00 pm

– 6:00 pm: VHT distribution from WMATA’s transit bus speed data of PM peak period

- 6:0 0 pm

- 6: 00 am: VHT distribution from WMATA’s transit bus speed data of off

- peak period

Weekend VHT Distribution (Table 4) :

- All Day: VHT distribution from WMATA’s transit bus speed data of off

- peak period.

R OAD TYPE DISTRIBUTION

The Version 2.3 Post Processor accounts for VMT by three vehicle types : passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles and heavy duty vehicles

. In the MOVES environment, 13 vehicle type categories are identified. The challenge was to “expand” the VMT allocations (as percentages of the total) from the three vehicle type categories to the 13 MOVES

- compatible vehicle type categories. The Version 2.3 Post Processor also accounts for VMT by two facility types: restricted access facilities ( i.e., freeway s and expressway s )

, and

unrestricted access fa cilities ( i.e., major/minor arterials, collectors and local roads). The VMT allocated to each of the three vehicle type categories is also stratified by the two facility types.

The VMT distribution by Vehicle Class Type and Facility Type was done as foll ows:

 Passenger Vehicles (PVs) VMT percentage s ( by facility type ): From the V2.3 Post Processor applied to motorcycles, passenger cars and passenger trucks

 Commercial Vehicles (CVs) VM T percentage s ( by facility type ): From the V2.3 Post Processor applied

t o light commercial trucks

 Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) VMT percentage s ( by facility type ): From the V2.3 Post Processor applied

to single unit short haul and long haul trucks, and combination short and long haul trucks

 Refuse Trucks and Motor Homes: MOVES default percent value

 Local network VMT percentages

– based on local data supplied by bus operators

– were applied to

scho ol, transit and intercity buses6

Source: Fairfax Co., VA

Table 3

– VHT Distribution of School Buses (6:00 am

– 6:00 pm)7 Source: Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMA TA)

Table 4

– VHT Distribution of Transit Buses8

Urban versus rural percentage split factors were subsequently applied to differentiate VMT allocations

between urban and rural facilities. These factors varied by jurisdiction as they were based on the latest Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) VMT data provided by the three state transportation agencies

. Figure 2 graphically illustrates the process that was followed to allocated VMT percentages by vehicle type class and road type in a format that is MOVES

- compatible.

Figure 2

– VMT Distribution Development Process

S OURCE TYPE POPULATION

The 20 11 VIN profile was used for the base year 20 11 analysis

.

Each vehicle population profile reflect s an actual (and unique) composition of the regional vehicle fleet at a given point in time. The “raw” 2011 VIN data was decoded using a commercial decoding software program.

Since the “raw” data were a 1 00

- percent sample of the registered vehicles in the non

- attainment area no further data expansion was needed.

T he v ehicle population distributions

– composition and age

-- were converted to a MOVES

- compatible format (i.e., 13 MOVES vehicle types) using the standard EPA

- developed vehicle p opulation m apping t able (Table A1 in the Appendix section of this report).

V EHICLE TYPE VMT

MOVES requires annual VMT by six H ighway P erformance M onitoring S ystem (HPMS) vehicle type s instead of the 13 MOVES vehicle type s

. The V2.3 Post Processor produces average annual weekday VMT

estimates by three vehicle types: passenger vehicles

, commercial vehicles and heavy duty vehicles

. Based9

on the VMT percent by 13 HPMS vehicle types and the vehicle registration data, a verage annual weekday VMT in three vehicle types from the V2.3 post processor and the local bus

, VMT estimates are split into six HPMS vehicle types

.

The average annual weekday VMT by six HPMS vehicle types is then fed into the EPA

- provided annual VMT converter ( AAD VMT Calculator HPMS.XLS ) ( 3 ) with local monthly adjustment factors and weekend

day adjustment factors. The converter develops annual VMT in six HPMS vehicle types required as an input to MOVES with two additional ou tputs (i.e., ’monthVMTfraction’ and ’dayVMTfraction’ )

. The local “hourlyVMTfraction” is also provided as part of the annual VMT input

.

R AMP FRACTION

Local data was used to estimate the local ramp fraction using a method approved by the MOVES Task

Force . The locally

- derived percentage is equal to 8 percent of VHT

, the same as the MOVES default value.

M ETEOROLOGY

Meteorology data used in the base year 2011 onroad mobile emissions analysis were developed using the monthly average hourly data for 2011 for the Dulles and Reagan National airports. Temperature and dew point temperature d ata were averaged for each hour in each month to develop a single set of these two parameters for the Washingt on, DC

- VA

- MD ozone nonattainment region. Then hourly relative humidity data for each month were developed using the above two parameters. In this way, a regional set of hourly temperature and relative humidity data were developed for the period January thr ough December for 2011, which were used in the MOVES2010a analysis for all counties in the nonattainment region.

While the annual emissions analysis used meteorology data for the period January through December for 2011, the ozone season day analysis onl y used data for July.

FUEL SUPPLY & FORMULATION

The District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia provided fuel characteristics data in the MOVES

- ready

format.

INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE (I/M) PROGRAMS

The District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia provided details of I/M programs in the MOVES

- ready

format.

STATE SPECIFIC CONTROL PROGRAMS

1. Early NLEV : The District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia adopted an Early NLEV program , which

is reflected in the base year 2011 emission analysis.10

2. S tage II: V aries by area as follows:

 District of Columbia: Refueling vapor program adjustment

- 0.9, Refueling spill program adjustment

- 0.5 (MOVES2010a defaults)

 Maryland: Refueling vapor program adjustment

- 0.7, Refueling spill program adjustment

- 0.7 (MOVES2 010a Stage II database file

- md_stageii)

 Virginia: Refueling vapor program adjustment

- 0.56, Refueling spill program adjustment

- 0.56 ( MOVES2010a Stage II database file

- va_stage2_input_update2013feb )

3. CAL

- LEV II/ZEV Programs : Since 2011 Maryland adopted CAL

- LEV II program and as such it is

reflected in the base year 2011 emission analysis

. T he following auxiliary files

, provided by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE), were used to model these programs in the Mar yland jurisdictions : MOVES2010a Cal

- Lev II Database file

- md_levii;

MOVES2010a ZEV MS

- Excel file

- ZEV_AVFT_MD_2010a.xls

# A ttachmentTABLE A1

- Population Mapping from MOBILE6.2 Vehicle Types to MOVES Source TypesTABLE A 1

- Population Mapping from MOBILE6.2 Vehicle Types to MOVES Source Types (continues)