Executive Summary

A new information source, the Local

Employment Dynamics (LED) program for

West Virginia, shows:

• The workforce is aging. From 1997

through 2002, an increasing percentage of the workforce was 45 years and

older. The proportion of people 65

years and older who continue working

has also increased, but slightly.

• Industries in which more than 1-in-5

workers were 55 years and older in

2002 include: membership organizations, real estate, and personal services. Of these three industries, personal

services and real estate can be found

in the list of top 10 industries employing workers 65 years of age and older.

• An example of an industry with a high

turnover rate for workers 55 years and

older is business services.

• An example of an industry with a low

turnover rate for older workers is

health services.

• Industries where workers 65 years and

over are most likely to be employed

include health services, business services, social services, and eating and

drinking places. Miscellaneous retail is

also an important source of work for

the oldest workers.

• On average, in 2002, for workers 65

years and over, about 918 jobs were

created and 1,342 were lost. 

• Of the industries that employed more

than 500 workers 65 years and older,

the highest paying was health services

($2,561 a month). The industry with

the highest average monthly earnings

in 2002 for workers 65 years and older

was primary metal industries ($4,906),

but the number of such workers was

only 64. 

Introduction

A large wave of workers born during the

Baby Boom of 1946 to 1964 will be leaving the workforce over the next few

decades. A larger share than in past generations may "retire" to collect the pensions they earned over their work life and

then continue working part-time or in

more flexible working arrangements.1

Decision makers are looking at the economic and policy implications for a wide

range of programs and institutions,

including Social Security and Medicare;

financial markets; the housing market;

and recreation, transportation, and healthcare systems.

What the workforce of the future looks

like will depend on many factors. This

report focuses on one possible scenario

that some scholars consider to be reasonable. It assumes that Baby Boomers replicate the retirement behavior of previous

U.S.Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Issued July 2004

LED/OW-WV

A Profile Of Older Workers In 

West Virginia

By 

Nick Carroll 

and 

Cynthia Taeuber

Sponsored by the 

National Institute on Aging

National Institutes of Health

Department of Health and 

Human Services

Local Employment Dynamics

1 The term "retirees" refers to workers who collect

pensions - who may have varied labor market experiences. Some may completely leave the labor force and

others may continue to work. Of those who continue to

work while they receive pensions, some may work fewer

than 35 hours a week, some may work only part of the

year, and others may continue in the labor force yearround and full-time. 

U S C E N S U S B U R E A U

Helping You Make Informed Decisions
generations and that immigrant

workers do not fill all of the jobs

left vacant by these retirements. If

these assumptions prove accurate:

The United States will lose the

services of millions of highly

skilled, experienced workers.

Because of the baby dearth that

followed the Baby Boom, there

will not be many new workers to

replace them, even as the senior

adult population grows significantly. Labor force growth is

expected to fall from 1.1 percent per year in the 1990s to

0.36 percent per year in the

period 2010 to 2020.2

Regardless of how the future

unfolds, information about the

workforce decisions made by the

Baby Boomers can be useful to a

number of groups. Decision makers in West Virginia need to know

which industries and regions of the

state are likely to be most affected

by changes in the size and composition of the labor force in coming

decades. Similarly, businesses

need such information both to

make more informed plans for

transitions and to pinpoint potential problem areas and new opportunities. Older workers who want

to continue working need to know

in what industries and in what

areas of West Virginia jobs are

available, how flexible businesses

are about their working arrangements, and the level of earnings

they can expect.

The Census Bureau, together with

state partners, is developing several new sources of information to

support these needs. The Local

Employment Dynamics (LED) program, one of the newest resources,

produces workforce indicators that

are updated every quarter for each

partner state and its metropolitan

areas, counties, and Workforce

Investment Areas.3 Statistics are

available without cost on the program's Web site

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov/> and

additional indicators are available

from partner states. The statistics

are historical and come from multiple, high-quality information

sources that include most of the

working population (see "Sources

and Accuracy of the Data" at the

end of this report for additional

information about coverage). 

The LED program is a partnership

between the Census Bureau and

participating states. As of February

2004, 29 states are partners with

the Census Bureau in creating this

information.4 Those 29 states cover

about 65 percent of America's

workers. Additional states are planning to join the partnership.

This report uses Quarterly

Workforce Indicators (QWIs) from

the LED program for the state of

West Virginia to focus on two

groups of older workers: those

who are likely to be receiving pension income (65 and older), and

the preretirement group (55-64

years old). People in the preretirement group may collect pensions

within the next ten years, but may

or may not continue to participate

in the labor force. 

With the LED, we can respond to

questions such as:

What changes are occurring in

the age composition of the workforce in a geographic area?

Which industries will be most

affected by the departure of

older workers from the workforce?

In what industries do older people tend to continue working

and under what circumstances?

Which industries create jobs for

older workers? Suffer the most

job losses? 

Which industries have the lowest

job turnover rates for older

workers?

How much do older workers

earn in various industry groups

and geographic areas?

As the LED statistics in this report

show, older workers in West Virginia

have been an increasing proportion

of the labor force. We learn from

the LED information that older

workers tend to be employed in the

same industries that employ large

numbers of younger workers, but

the best-paid are those who work in

financial and scientific firms with

relatively few older workers. We do

not know yet whether West Virginia

will undergo rapid and massive

changes, or gradual changes due to

the retirement of experienced workers of the Baby Boom generation

along with the movement of workers into and out of West Virginia.

We do know that both have the

potential to affect the age distribution of the workforce significantly.

Planners in West Virginia will be

able to keep an eye on the impact

2 U.S. Census Bureau

2 Penner, Rudolph, Pamela Perun, and

Eugene Steuerle. "Legal and Institutional

Impediments to Partial Retirement and PartTime Work by Older Workers," The Urban

Institute, 2002. 

3 Other related information sources from the

Census Bureau include the American

Community Survey <http://www.census.gov

/acs/www > and the economic census

<http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/econ2002

.html>.

4 As of February 2004, the partner states

whose data were being processed were: CA,

CO, FL, IA, ID, IL, KS, MD, MN, MO, MT, NC, NJ,

NM, OK, OR, PA, TX, VA, WA, WI, and WV.

Additional partner states include: AR, DE, GA,

KY, ME, MI, and ND. This is an ongoing project

and additional states are expected to join.

Quarterly Workforce

Indicators for partner states

and detailed information

about the LED program are

available at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov> 
of such factors and emerging trends

by using the LED statistics.

How is the age composition of

the workforce in West Virginia

changing?

The aging of Baby Boom workers

led to an increase in the proportion

of the workforce 45 years and

older from 1997 to 2002 in West

Virginia. Many planners anticipate

this proportion will grow even

more rapidly over the next two

decades unless a large influx of

younger workers comes into West

Virginia. In 1997, about 69 percent of West Virginia workers were

14-to-44 years old (Figure 1). By

2002, that figure had dropped to

about 65 percent of workers.

Twenty percent of West Virginia

workers were 45-to-54 years old in

1997 and 23 percent were in that

age group in 2002.

The falling share of younger workers occurred across the economy

of West Virginia. The share of

workers in West Virginia who are

65 and older, the traditional age

when most workers leave the labor

force permanently, increased from

about 2.1 percent to 2.5 percent,

from 1997 to 2002. 

Which industries will be most

affected by the aging

workforce? 

Unless there is an infusion of new

workers from outside West

Virginia, or from other West

Virginia industries, the industries

identified in Figure 25 are those

likely to be most affected by the

aging of the workforce.6 If older

workers seek either more flexibility

U.S. Census Bureau 3

Beginning-of-Quarter

Employment

Total number of workers 

who were employed by the

same employer in the 

reference and previous 

quarters

Skill Level

Quarters of work experience

5 Workers in private households are not

shown in the text because the coverage of private households is low relative to other industries. 

6 Because the QWIs come from a mixture of

sources, they are not directly comparable with

statistics from worker-based surveys such as

the decennial census, the American Community

Survey, and the Current Population Survey.

Industries are based on the Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) system. The LED program

will convert from the SIC system to the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

in early 2004. Some classification titles appear

to be similar but the detailed industry groups

that compose the categories may differ

between the SIC and NAICS systems. In addition, since the QWIs are updated quarterly, the

numbers in this report may differ slightly from

those on the current Web site. 

Figure 1.

West Virginia Workforce by Age Group: 1997 to 2002

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, Local Employment Dynamics program's 

Web site at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

[Percent of beginning-of-quarter employment]

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Apr-97 Apr-98 Apr-99 Apr-00 Apr-01 Apr-02

65+

14-44

45-54

55-64 
in hours or leave these industries

completely, companies may suffer

a considerable loss of skills and

knowledge. Thus, industries with

a high proportion of workers near

retirement might need, for example, to plan for increased training

to respond to the loss of older

workers and their institutional

knowledge. 

Figure 2 shows that the membership organizations and real estate

industries in West Virginia had a

high proportion of older workers--

about 16 percent and approximately 14 percent were 55-64 years

old, respectively. About 6 percent

and 9 percent were 65 years and

older, respectively. Other industries

with a relatively high proportion of

workers 55 years and older included industrial and commercial

machinery (15 percent), depository

institutions (15 percent), and educational services (16 percent).

Membership organizations, real

estate, and personal services, proportionally, have a larger number

of older workers. (Appendix Table

A1). 

The demand for older workers

and job stability

An indicator of the degree to which

businesses need older workers is

the turnover rate of older workers

within an industry. Industries with

a history of relatively high

turnover rates may have little need

for specific skills and may find it

easy to replace employees. As a

result, firms in such industries may

be likely to pay relatively low

wages. A relatively low turnover

rate for a specific age group, such

as older workers, may indicate that

workers in that age group are relatively skilled or not readily

replaced. The LED data enable us,

for the first time, to identify the

nature of demand for older workers in particular industries. 

The job turnover rate is also a

measure of job stability. Older

workers who work in low turnover

industries may spend less time

looking for work and re-training

for new jobs. The average quarterly turnover rate for all workers in

West Virginia was 11.1 percent in

2002 (although this includes the

relatively high turnover rates of

teenagers and young adults).7 For

workers 65 years and older, it was

8.3 percent, and for those 55-64

years, 7.4 percent. 

The industries in Figure 2 with the

highest average quarterly turnover

rates for workers 65 years and

4 U.S. Census Bureau

Figure 2.

Selected Industries With a High Proportion of 

Older Workers by Age, for West Virginia: 2002

Note: Details do not cover the total workforce in these age categories.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, 

Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Appendix Table A1, and Web site at 

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

Total, all industries

Construction other than 

building

Motor freight transportation

Insurance agents/brokers

Wholesale trade - durables

Personal services

Educational services

Depository institutions

Industrial/commercial

machinery

Real estate

Membership organizations

55-64

65+

[Percent of industry's workers. Includes only industries that employed 100 

or more workers in each age category in West Virginia]

15.7

6.5

14.4

8.7

13.1

2.2

13.0 

2.4

13.0 

3.1

12.8

8.4

12.1

3.0

11.8

3.4

11.3 

3.1

10.9 

1.6

9.9

2.5

7 This is a simple average of four quarters in

a calendar year.
older in 2002 were construction

other than building (average quarterly turnover rate of 13.9 percent), educational services (9.9

percent), and motor freight transportation (8.3 percent). Industries

from Figure 2 with lower average

quarterly turnover rates for this

age group include wholesale tradedurables (6.3 percent) and industrial and commercial machinery (5.5

percent). Average quarterly

turnover rates for 2002 for these

and other industries are shown in

Appendix Table A2. 

Of the top ten industries in West

Virginia employing workers 65

years and older in 2002 (Table 1

and Figure 3), business services

(12.7 percent) and eating and

drinking places (11.4 percent) had

the highest average quarterly

turnover rates; the lowest was

wholesale trade - durables 

(6.3 percent). 

Where do older workers work?

This section asks where older

workers are most concentrated

because the types of work performed by today's older workers

may indicate the work that older

people will perform in the future.

Planners might also examine the

type of work done by younger age

groups, such as those 35-44 years

old, for the changes they might

expect among older workers, given

differences in the type of education different age groups received

and changes in the needs of industries. 

As shown in Figure 3, the industries where workers 65 years and

over were most likely to be

employed in West Virginia in 2002

were health services (11.6 percent), business services (6.0 percent), and social services (5.5 percent). Health services employed

over 1,500 workers who were 65

years and older, while business

services and social services

employed over 700 each. Slightly

more than half of workers 65 years

and older in West Virginia were

employed in the ten industries

shown in Figure 3, compared with

47 percent of all workers. Older

and younger workers may be

employed in distinctly different

types of firms within these industries, however, and may be

assigned different tasks. 

Between 1997 and 2002, there were

few changes in the top ten industries

that employed the largest number of

workers 65 and older in 2002 (Table

2).8 Despite the shuffling in rank,

service industries have long been the

major employers of the oldest workers in West Virginia. 

Employment dynamics and

older workers

The employment numbers in the

preceding section show only one

part of the employment picture.

Even when levels of employment in

an industry change little, enormous

change can occur in the underlying

numbers. Economists refer to the

underlying changes as "job gain"

U.S. Census Bureau 5

8 Historical statistics are consistent in the

LED program, so it is possible to make comparisons of statistics over time.

Table 1.

Job Stability in West Virginia by Industry: 2002

[Top 10 industries statewide employing workers 65 and older]

Industry Workers 65

and older

(number)

Average quarterly

turnover rate

for workers

65 and older

(percent)

Average quarterly

turnover rate

for workers

14 and older

(percent)

Workers 14

and older

(number)

Health services .............................. 1,562 6.6 7.8 79,121

Business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 12.7 18.9 29,714

Social services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 8.7 12.7 20,291

Eating and drinking places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 11.4 19.7 45,848

Miscellaneous retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 7.4 11.4 14,690

Car dealers and gas stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 7.4 11.8 17,004

Food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 7.4 13.2 19,302

Wholesale trade–durables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 6.3 8.0 17,735

Personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 6.9 12.0 6,153

Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 6.9 9.8 4,888

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002,

Appendix Tables A1 and A2. See Web site at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

Turnover Rate — A measure

of workforce stability, the

turnover rate reflects the

movement of workers into

and out of jobs.

Turnover rate = 

(A worker who retires is

included in the turnover rate.)

* ( ) 2

1

, -1

+

t t

t t

average employment

accessions separations
and "job loss." Even if employment

levels in an industry stay the same,

some firms add jobs and others

eliminate jobs. So, while Figure 3

identifies the industries that

employed a high proportion of workers 65 years and older in West

Virginia in 2002, LED program data

reveal more detail. LED indicators

also tally the number of jobs gained

and lost by older workers in the

West Virginia economy.9

The LED statistics reveal that, on

average in West Virginia in 2002, for

workers 65 years and older, 918

jobs were created a quarter

(Appendix Table A4) and 1,342 were

lost (Appendix Table A5) - on average, a net decrease of 424 such

workers employed a quarter. The

industries that created the most jobs

on average a quarter for workers 65

years and older (Table 3) were health

services (81 jobs), business services

(75 jobs), and eating and drinking

places (69 jobs). The industries that

lost the most jobs for the oldest

workers were the same: health services (124 jobs a quarter lost on average), business services (112 jobs),

and eating and drinking places (88

jobs). These changes represented,

in West Virginia in 2002, an average

net loss of 43 jobs in health services, 37 in business services, and 19

in eating and drinking places.

What do older workers earn?

On average, full-quarter workers

65 years and older in 2002 earned

$1,792 a month in West Virginia,

and workers of all ages averaged

$2,442 a month (Table 4 and

Appendix Table A6).

As is the case for all workers, the

average earnings levels of older

workers vary greatly among industries. For example, in health services, which employed 11.6 percent

of all workers 65 years and older

in West Virginia in 2002, the average monthly earnings were

$2,561. Workers 14 and older in

that industry had average monthly

earnings of $2,804. About 6.0

percent of the oldest workers in

West Virginia were employed by

the business services industry,

with average monthly earnings of

$1,252. Of the top ten industries

of older workers in West Virginia in

2002, the industry with the highest average monthly earnings was

health services, while the lowest

was eating and drinking places,

with an average of $1,038 a

month.

Among all industry groups employing more than 100 workers 65

years and older, industrial and commercial machinery had the highest

average monthly earnings in 2002 -

$3,045 - compared with $2,922 for

6 U.S. Census Bureau

Figure 3.

Workers 65 Years and Older in Selected Industries 

for West Virginia: 2002

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, 

Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002, Appendix Table A3. See Web site at 

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

[Percent of workers aged 65+ years]

Real estate

Personal services

Wholesale trade - durables

Food stores

Car dealers and gas stations

Miscellaneous retail

Eating and drinking places

Social services

Business services

Health services 11.6

6.0

4.6

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.2

5.5

Job Gain — New jobs created

either by new businesses

opening or by existing firms

adding new jobs

Job Loss — Jobs lost to the

economy when businesses

close or reduce employment

Net Job Flow — The difference

between current and previous

beginning-of-quarter employment across all businesses

9 Job losses for older workers can happen in

two ways - a firm can actually reduce employment, or it can substitute a younger worker for

an older worker who may have taken another

job, retired, or left involuntarily.
all workers in this industry (Table

5). The number of workers 65

years and older in this industry is

relatively small - 110 workers.

Other high paying industries

include engineering, accounting,

and research ($2,984), and construction other than building

($2,845). Two industries that

employed 500 or more workers 65

years and older were relatively high

paying. These industries were

health services with average earnings of $2,561 a month, and wholesale trade-durables with average

earnings of $2,370.

Summary

This report provides answers to

several key questions related to

the aging of West Virginia's workforce:

• What is the age composition of

the workforce and what are the

changes over time?

• Which industries are likely to be

affected by the aging of the

workforce?

U.S. Census Bureau 7

Table 2.

Top Ten Employers in West Virginia Employing Workers 65 and Older by Rank:

1997 and 2002

1997

rank

2002

rank Industry

Number of workers 65 and older

Percent change,

1997-2002

Number of workers

1997 2002 14 and older, 2002

1 1 Health services .................... 1,259 1,562 24.1 79,121

3 2 Business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 811 53.6 29,714

2 3 Social services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 736 22.3 20,291

9 4 General merchandise stores . . . . . . . . 456 631 38.4 18,230

4 5 Eating and drinking places . . . . . . . . . . 518 624 20.5 45,848

5 6 Miscellaneous retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 574 15.3 14,690

10 7 Car dealers and gas stations . . . . . . . . 443 553 24.8 17,004

7 8 Food stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 536 10.1 19,302

5 9 Wholesale trade–durables . . . . . . . . . . 498 530 6.4 17,735

8 10 Personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 516 10.7 6,153

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, Local Employment Dynamics program, 1997 and

2002, Appendix Tables A1 and A3. See Web site at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

Table 3.

Job Gains and Losses Among Industry Groups in West Virginia: 2002

[Average number of jobs per quarter]

Top ten industries that created jobs

for workers 65 and over Jobs created1 Jobs lost1 Net change2

Total employment

65 and older 14 and older

Health services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 124 –43 1,562 79,121

Business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 112 –37 811 29,714

Eating and drinking places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 88 –19 624 45,848

Miscellaneous retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 54 –13 574 14,690

Social services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 68 –28 736 20,291

Personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 43 –3 516 6,153

Construction–special trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 44 –6 281 17,077

Hotels and other lodging places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 38 –2 309 9,390

Car dealers and gas stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 47 –14 553 17,004

Engineering, accounting, and research . . . . . . . . . . . 30 33 –3 305 12,931

1 Averages are rounded to whole numbers. 2 Computed from actual averages, not from the rounded whole numbers as shown in this table.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002,

Appendix Tables A1, A4, and A5. See Web site at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

Full-Quarter Employment

Total number of workers who were employed by the same employer

in the reference, previous, and subsequent quarters

Average Earnings for Full-Quarter Employees

Total earnings of all workers employed the full quarter divided by the

number of such workers 
• Which industries have the lowest turnover rates of older workers?

• In which industries are older

workers most likely to be

employed?

• How much do older workers

earn?

In West Virginia in 2002, the industries that employed the highest

proportions of workers 55-64

years old, and hence were likely to

be affected by retirements in the

coming decade were membership

organizations and real estate.

Health services and business services had high proportions of workers 65 years and older. In terms of

pay, older workers tended to fare

best in industries where few older

workers were employed. Also,

older workers, like all workers,

tended to earn higher incomes in

industries that employed highly

trained professionals.

SOURCES AND ACCURACY

OF THE DATA

Background

The U.S. Census Bureau and partner states produce Quarterly

Workforce Indicators (QWIs) for

each state, metropolitan area,

county, and Workforce Investment

Board area. QWIs for other geographic areas are available through

the state partners. 

The QWIs are updated each quarter

and annual averages are available

at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

8 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 4.

Average Monthly Earnings Among Top Ten Industries of Workers 65 Years and Older in

West Virginia by Age: 2002

[Full-quarter earnings]

Industry

Average monthly

earnings for workers

65 and older

(dollars)

Average monthly

earnings for workers

14 and older

(dollars)

Workers 65

and older

(number)

Workers 14

and older

(number)

Health services .............................. 2,561 2,804 1,562 79,121

Business services ........................... 1,252 1,750 811 29,714

Social services .............................. 1,052 1,369 736 20,291

Eating and drinking places .................... 1,038 970 624 45,848

Miscellaneous retail .......................... 1,476 1,763 574 14,690

Car dealers and gas stations .................. 1,498 2,132 553 17,004

Food stores . ................................ 1,059 1,283 536 19,302

Wholesale trade–durables .................... 2,370 3,068 530 17,735

Personal services . . .......................... 1,126 1,510 516 6,153

Real estate ................................. 1,942 1,953 425 4,888

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002,

Appendix Table A6. See Web site at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

Table 5.

Average Monthly Earnings of Workers in West Virginia by Age: 2002

[Full-quarter earnings. Includes only industries that employed 100 or more workers 65 and older in West Virginia]

Industry

Average monthly

earnings of workers

65 and older

(dollars)

Average monthly

earnings of workers

14 and older

(dollars)

Workers 65

and older

(number)

Workers 14

and older

(number)

Industrial and commercial machinery ........... 3,045 2,922 110 4,906

Engineering, accounting, and research ......... 2,984 3,178 305 12,931

Construction other than building . .............. 2,845 3,294 104 6,515

Health services .............................. 2,561 2,804 1,562 79,121

Legal services ............................... 2,555 3,036 158 5,872

Construction–special trade .................... 2,402 2,609 281 17,077

Wholesale trade–durables .................... 2,370 3,068 530 17,735

Insurance agents and brokers ................. 2,251 2,649 170 4,993

Building construction–general contractors ....... 2,189 2,297 147 9,797

Depository institutions ........................ 2,173 2,396 255 10,822

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and the West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002,

Appendix Tables A1 and A6. See Web site at <http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
Overview

The QWIs are key economic indicators selected jointly by the Census

Bureau and its partner states. Each

QWI provides a critical measure of

an area's economy and is a tool to

understand changes in the core

performance of local economies. 

The QWIs are updated 7 months

after the end of a quarter, which

makes them a current and a historical time series to monitor economic change. They serve as early

indicators to states and local areas

of emerging trends and help to

identify turning points in the

dynamics of the workforce and

specific industries. 

The database covers about 98 percent of the labor force.10 The QWIs

are derived from state administrative records and basic demographic information from other existing

sources. Some information about

the workforce is not now available

in this database, including hours

and weeks worked, educational

attainment, occupation, and

whether workers worked for an

entire quarter or a part of the quarter. The Census Bureau is working

on long-term plans to include

information of this type, particularly educational and occupational

information. There are other types

of errors in administrative data,

including coding errors in personal

identifiers, coding errors in business identifiers, and errors in wage

records (see the technical documentation on 

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>). 

Because the QWIs come from a

mixture of sources, they are not

directly comparable with statistics

from worker-based surveys, such

as the decennial census, the

American Community Survey, and

the Current Population Survey.

Industries are based on the

Standard Industrial Classification

(SIC) system. The LED program

will convert from the SIC system to

the North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS) in

early 2004. Some classification

titles appear to be similar but the

detailed industry groups that compose the categories may differ

between the SIC and NAICS systems.

Enhanced Unemployment

Insurance (UI) wage records are the

basic data source for the QWIs.

Administrative records and the surveys differ in coverage, the timing

of data collection, and concept definitions. The QWIs are not exactly

comparable with establishment

surveys either, such as those from

the Bureau of Labor Statistics'

Quarterly Census of Employment

and Wages (QCEW) program, which

capture employment at an establishment on the 12th of the month.

The LED database can respond to a

wide variety of questions about

the workforce because it allows

multiple definitions of "employment." That is because the QWIs

are job-based statistics and different from the worker-based statistics familiar to many researchers.11

The LED database includes all jobs

held:

1. In a quarter, regardless of length

of time the job is held

2. At the beginning of a quarter (the measure used in this

report)

3. At the end of a quarter

4. For a full quarter

The measure that is closest to the

QCEW definition of employment is

the second one, jobs held at the

beginning of a quarter. This second measure has the additional

advantage that the trends are similar to those shown by worker-based

surveys such as the decennial census, although the levels differ. 

Another difference among datasets

is measurement of earnings.

According to the BLS Handbook of

Methods (1997), UI wage records

measure "gross wages and salaries,

bonuses, stock options, tips, and

other gratuities, and the value of

meals and lodging, where supplied." They do not include Old Age

Survivor and Disability Insurance

(OASDI), health insurance, workers'

compensation, unemployment

insurance, private pensions, and

welfare funds. The LED database

does not include the number of

hours or weeks an employee

worked. Thus, what appears for an

industry such as retail trade to be

low average earnings in a given

year or quarter may be the result of

relatively low hourly wages, not

working many hours in the time

period, or both. In retail trade,

much of the work is part-time and

this affects the LED measure of

average earnings. 

The confidentiality of the

statistics is protected

The Census Bureau and the state

partners are committed to protecting the confidentiality of the data in

the LED files. Technically, the

approach to avoid disclosure of individual information is to combine cell

suppression methodology with the

addition of statistical noise, controlU.S. Census Bureau 9

11 For the QWIs, a "job" is defined as equivalent records for an employer and employee.

10 The database for each state covers about

98 percent of nonagricultural, private wage and

salaried employment. Most state and local government employees are included, but many federal workers are not (depending on the state).

The remaining 2 percent are railroad workers

and workers for some non-profit organizations.

Self-employed workers and independent contractors are not in the covered universe. See:

U.S. Census Bureau, David W. Stevens and Julia

Lane, "Employment That Is Not Covered By

State Unemployment," Technical Paper No. TP2002-16, January 2002, available on

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
ling key measures to county

employment levels as reported by

the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In

plainer English, the statistical techniques the Census Bureau uses

mean that the actual statistics are

not shown if the numbers in a cell

are small. Rather, the statistics that

are shown are "fuzzy," that is, close

to the actual information but not

exact.

Only Census Bureau employees or

individuals who have Special Sworn

Status are permitted to work with

the data. Everyone who has access

to Title 13 data must have an official

security clearance based on a background check, including fingerprinting. Additionally, they are subject to

a fine of up to $250,000, up to five

years in jail, or both, if confidential

information is disclosed. The

Census Bureau and state data custodians review all projects before

release to avoid disclosure of confidential information. 

More detailed information about the

confidentiality protection system is

available under the "Confidentiality"

menu at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>. 

Why the Census Bureau

produces the LED statistics

The Census Bureau and the state

partners are committed to protecting the integrity of information and

producing the highest quality statistics. We accomplish this by

ensuring that the LED program is

consistent with the Census

Bureau's legal authority and mission, that the methodologies used

are the best alternatives, and that

the LED program produces demonstrated benefits. 

The state partners and the Census

Bureau both benefit from the LED

program. The state partners fulfill

their mandate to provide high

quality regional labor market information and the Census Bureau

improves the economic and demographic survey estimates and intercensal population estimates.

Specifically, the LED program supports Census Bureau research on

improving the quality, use, and

analysis of its census, survey, and

estimation-based data products.

Estimates of the employed population by demographic, geographic,

and industrial detail enhance the

Census Bureau's existing agencywide programs. In particular, estimates of workers in each county

and industry, in conjunction with

statistical information about

employers, will provide long-needed and critical but previously

unavailable information for key

programs such as the demographic

survey estimates and the intercensal population estimates program. Census Bureau programs

will benefit from new information

on turnover, job gain, and job loss

by age and sex, and information

on the employment of individuals

in each county. 

More information about the benefits of the LED program may be

found on the LED Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Research for and production of this

report were supported under an

interagency agreement with the

Behavioral and Social Research

Program, National Institute on Aging,

Agreement No. Y1-AG-9415-01.

10 U.S. Census Bureau
U.S. Census Bureau 11

Table A1.

West Virginia Employment by Industry and Age: 2002

[Beginning-of-quarter employment]

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years

and older

Total . . ................................................ 354,397 125,624 53,978 13,427 547,427

Agriculture

Agricultural production–crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 130 86 46 682

Agricultural production–livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 *57 *41 *6 327

Agricultural services . ........................................ 2,451 429 149 45 3,074

Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 *21 14 3 108

Fishing, hunting, and trapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4 - - 20

Mining

Metal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 22 7 *4 84

Coal mining . . . ............................................. 7,041 7,310 2,082 76 16,509

Oil and gas extraction ....................................... 2,506 1,083 381 91 4,061

Mining and quarrying–nonmetallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 279 146 11 824

Construction

Building construction–general contractors ...................... 6,607 2,206 838 147 9,797

Construction other than building . . . ........................... 4,126 1,573 712 104 6,515

Construction–special trade ................................... 11,724 3,558 1,514 281 17,077

Manufacturing

Food and kindred products .................................. 3,249 1,034 445 77 4,805

Tobacco products ........................................... ---- -

Textile mill products ......................................... *309 *153 *75 *13 *551

Apparel from fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 208 128 27 783

Lumber and wood products .................................. 8,037 2,048 1,020 163 11,268

Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 132 *64 19 598

Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 261 139 14 1,166

Printing and publishing ...................................... 3,883 1,128 511 159 5,681

Chemicals . . . .............................................. 4,634 4,884 1,926 91 11,534

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 237 127 12 770

Rubber and plastics ......................................... 2,905 788 286 40 4,019

Leather and leather products ................................. ---- -

Stone, clay, and glass ....................................... 2,555 1,514 796 81 4,946

Primary metal industries ..................................... 3,872 *4,813 1,537 64 10,288

Fabricated metal products ................................... 3,257 1,484 608 73 5,421

Industrial and commercial machinery .......................... 2,859 1,295 641 110 4,906

Electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 361 323 16 1,445

Transportation equipment .................................... 2,648 908 296 20 3,872

Measuring and analyzing instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 439 153 31 1,562

Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 234 101 22 904

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation . . .................................... ---- -

Local and suburban transit ................................... 1,203 260 125 82 1,670

Motor freight transportation .................................. 6,489 2,435 1,175 328 10,426

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 309 126 27 1,230

Transportation by air ........................................ 1,540 *400 119 14 2,074

Pipelines, except natural gas ................................. ---- -

Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 129 *55 *7 640

Communications . ........................................... 4,446 *1,712 616 80 6,854

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . ....................... 4,403 3,780 *1,110 52 9,345

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade–durables ................................... 10,519 4,541 2,145 530 17,735

Wholesale trade–nondurables ................................ 7,200 2,731 1,239 293 11,463

Retail Trade

Building materials and hardware dealers ...................... 3,904 1,155 546 235 5,840

General merchandise stores ................................. 12,202 3,522 *1,876 *631 18,230

Food stores . ............................................... 13,823 3,368 1,574 536 19,302

Car dealers and gas stations ................................. 11,726 3,163 1,563 553 17,004

Apparel and accessory stores ................................ 3,515 599 305 136 4,554

Home furniture stores ....................................... 2,781 837 389 167 4,174

Eating and drinking places ................................... 39,254 4,253 1,717 624 45,848

Miscellaneous retail ......................................... 9,886 2,871 1,360 574 14,690

APPENDIX TABLES
12 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A1.

West Virginia Employment by Industry and Age: 2002 — Con.

[Beginning-of-quarter employment]

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years

and older

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions ....................................... 6,333 2,823 1,412 255 10,822

Nondepository institutions .................................... 1,878 378 132 23 2,411

Security and commodity brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 214 98 21 765

Insurance carriers .......................................... 2,100 *796 313 43 3,251

Insurance agents and brokers ................................ 2,983 1,250 591 170 4,993

Real estate ................................................ 2,490 1,270 704 425 4,888

Holding and other investment offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 155 83 22 575

Services

Hotels and other lodging places . ............................. 6,180 1,919 983 309 9,390

Personal services . . ......................................... 3,441 1,410 786 516 6,153

Business services .......................................... 21,367 5,145 2,391 811 29,714

Car repair, services, and parking ............................. 3,727 856 372 182 5,136

Miscellaneous repair services ................................ 1,944 720 336 93 3,092

Motion pictures ............................................. 1,360 131 46 25 1,562

Amusement and recreation . . . ............................... 7,236 1,598 823 *357 10,014

Health services ............................................. 49,476 20,117 7,966 1,562 79,121

Legal services .............................................. 3,835 1,356 523 158 5,872

Educational services ........................................ 2,413 1,142 550 132 4,236

Social services ............................................. 12,915 4,487 2,153 736 20,291

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 34 20 10 161

Membership organizations . . ................................. 2,667 1,663 874 359 5,563

Engineering, accounting, and research ........................ 8,399 2,971 1,257 305 12,931

Private households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 431 342 196 1,485

Services, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 24 5 4 91

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at

<http://lehd-test/net/factsheets/index.php>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and West Virginia Bureau of Employment, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002. See Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
U.S. Census Bureau 13

Table A2.

Average Quarterly Turnover Rates in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002

[In percent]

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years

and older

Total . . ................................................ 21.5 7.3 7.4 8.3 11.1

Agriculture

Agricultural production–crops ................................. 24.1 14.7 11.3 *11.4 14.9

Agricultural production–livestock .............................. *10.6 *4.1 *4.7 *36.6 *6.9

Agricultural services . ........................................ 23.1 11.6 *11.2 *9.4 17.7

Forestry ................................................... *13.3 *36.4 *14.6 - *15.4

Fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................ ---- 15.6

Mining

Metal mining ............................................... - - - - 3.7

Coal mining ................................................ 20.2 6.6 6.7 11.6 9.4

Oil and gas extraction ....................................... 16.5 4.7 5.1 *5.9 7.7

Mining and quarrying–nonmetallic ............................ 15.6 *6.0 *4.3 *8.6 7.9

Construction

Building construction–general contractors ...................... 24.4 12.3 12.6 11.1 15.7

Construction other than building . ............................. 26.8 15.3 15.5 *13.9 17.6

Construction–special trade ................................... 24.7 15.1 14.4 12.0 17.1

Manufacturing

Food and kindred products .................................. 22.6 7.6 6.2 *8.8 10.4

Tobacco products ........................................... ---- -

Textile mill products ......................................... 18.1 *11.7 *9.3 - 11.4

Apparel from fabrics ........................................ 21.4 8.8 *9.5 *9.5 10.1

Lumber and wood products .................................. 20.8 6.4 6.1 9.4 8.8

Furniture and fixtures ....................................... 22.3 4.7 *3.5 - 7.1

Paper and allied products .................................... 18.8 6.4 *5.3 *15.1 8.2

Printing and publishing ...................................... 21.0 7.6 6.8 7.7 9.7

Chemicals . . . .............................................. 20.5 6.2 9.7 *11.8 7.3

Petroleum refining .......................................... 18.3 *7.8 8.2 *22.0 10.2

Rubber and plastics ......................................... 22.4 6.2 6.7 *6.3 7.7

Leather and leather products ................................. ---- -

Stone, clay, and glass ....................................... 18.8 8.1 9.4 *17.2 10.7

Primary metal industries ..................................... 16.7 2.1 4.7 *6.1 3.3

Fabricated metal products ................................... 12.9 5.2 5.8 *7.0 6.2

Industrial and commercial machinery .......................... 16.8 4.4 4.7 *5.5 6.6

Electronic and electrical equipment ........................... 16.8 6.8 *8.2 *18.8 8.0

Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 3.7 6.8 *15.5 4.3

Measuring and analyzing instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.9 *7.6 *12.2 7.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................. 24.6 5.8 *4.5 - 9.1

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation . . .................................... ---- -

Local and suburban transit ................................... 20.0 9.9 9.6 10.0 13.4

Motor freight transportation .................................. 23.7 9.4 8.7 8.3 12.3

Water transportation ........................................ 12.8 5.8 *4.2 *5.1 6.9

Transportation by air ........................................ 16.6 5.4 *8.2 *10.7 7.1

Pipelines, except natural gas ................................. ---- -

Transportation services ...................................... 15.0 9.4 *9.8 - 11.3

Communications . ........................................... 24.3 19.3 16.1 10.1 16.4

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . ........................ 26.8 2.5 4.8 *5.6 3.6

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade–durables . . . ................................ 22.3 6.0 6.5 6.3 8.0

Wholesale trade–nondurables ................................ 19.0 6.5 6.6 8.1 9.0

Retail Trade

Building materials and hardware dealers ...................... 17.0 6.2 5.5 6.8 8.9

General merchandise stores ................................. 18.5 6.0 5.5 5.5 9.7

Food stores . ............................................... 20.9 7.0 7.3 7.4 13.2

Car dealers and gas stations ................................. 21.2 8.0 7.2 7.4 11.8

Apparel and accessory stores ................................ 23.0 9.7 6.0 *7.3 16.8

Home furniture stores ....................................... 22.5 6.5 7.2 5.9 11.3

Eating and drinking places . . ................................. 23.6 11.7 10.6 11.4 19.7

Miscellaneous retail ......................................... 19.8 7.3 6.7 7.4 11.4
14 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A2.

Average Quarterly Turnover Rates in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002 — Con.

[In percent]

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years

and older

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions ....................................... 17.7 3.7 4.1 5.9 6.0

Nondepository institutions .................................... 24.5 11.4 9.6 *12.6 15.0

Security and commodity brokers .............................. 16.2 8.1 *10.0 *13.6 10.5

Insurance carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 4.6 6.0 *9.7 6.9

Insurance agents and brokers ................................ 20.5 5.0 5.1 6.9 7.9

Real estate ................................................ 23.5 7.5 6.8 6.9 9.8

Holding and other investment offices .......................... 16.9 4.4 *4.9 *7.2 6.5

Services

Hotels and other lodging places . ............................. 24.9 9.5 9.2 12.1 14.0

Personal services . . ......................................... 20.7 9.4 7.6 6.9 12.0

Business services .......................................... 29.1 14.0 13.1 12.7 18.9

Car repair, services, and parking ............................. 21.5 8.2 8.7 6.7 12.1

Miscellaneous repair services ................................ 15.8 7.3 7.6 *6.0 9.5

Motion pictures ............................................. 20.8 *9.2 *13.2 *10.7 17.6

Amusement and recreation . . . ............................... 23.9 10.6 9.8 11.9 15.9

Health services ............................................. 18.0 5.5 4.8 6.6 7.8

Legal services .............................................. 22.1 6.8 6.6 *7.1 9.1

Educational services ........................................ 32.6 7.7 6.9 10.0 11.2

Social services ............................................. 23.9 9.3 7.7 8.7 12.7

Museums, galleries, and gardens ............................. *28.6 *9.4 *5.5 - *12.6

Membership organizations . . ................................. 21.6 8.2 7.6 6.7 10.6

Engineering, accounting, and research ........................ 22.3 8.0 9.0 8.7 10.8

Private households ......................................... 21.6 11.2 11.6 9.0 12.6

Services, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *11.0 *7.8 - - *12.4

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at

<http://lehd-test/net/factsheets/index.php>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and West Virginia Bureau of Employment, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002. See Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
U.S. Census Bureau 15

Table A3.

West Virginia Employment by Industry and Age: 1997 and 2002

[Beginning-of-quarter employment]

Industry

Under 65 years 65 years and older

1997 2002 1997 2002

Total . . ......................................................... 529,694 533,999 11,373 13,427

Agriculture

Agricultural production–crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 636 57 46

Agricultural production–livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 321 10 *6

Agricultural services . ................................................. 3,053 3,028 29 45

Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 102 - 3

Fishing, hunting, and trapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 19 - -

Mining

Metal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 77 - *4

Coal mining . . . ...................................................... 19,224 16,433 61 76

Oil and gas extraction ................................................ 3,623 3,970 89 91

Mining and quarrying–nonmetallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 813 11 11

Construction

Building construction–general contractors ............................... 9,878 9,651 138 147

Construction other than building . . . .................................... 8,759 6,411 102 104

Construction–special trade ............................................ 16,570 16,796 222 281

Manufacturing

Food and kindred products ........................................... 4,768 4,727 90 77

Tobacco products .................................................... - - - -

Textile mill products .................................................. 1,155 *538 20 *13

Apparel from fabrics ................................................. 1,710 755 26 27

Lumber and wood products ........................................... 9,844 11,105 114 163

Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 579 *14 19

Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114 1,152 20 14

Printing and publishing ............................................... 4,959 5,522 124 159

Chemicals . . . ....................................................... 15,206 11,443 74 91

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 759 *7 12

Rubber and plastics .................................................. 2,524 3,978 17 40

Leather and leather products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 - 10 -

Stone, clay, and glass ................................................ 6,182 4,864 80 81

Primary metal industries .............................................. 12,305 10,222 59 64

Fabricated metal products ............................................ 6,184 5,348 56 73

Industrial and commercial machinery ................................... 5,851 4,796 86 110

Electronic and electrical equipment .................................... 1,892 1,428 17 16

Transportation equipment ............................................. 2,947 3,852 *7 20

Measuring and analyzing instruments .................................. 1,692 1,531 27 31

Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 882 *22 22

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation . . ............................................. - - - -

Local and suburban transit ............................................ 1,434 1,588 39 82

Motor freight transportation ........................................... 10,884 10,098 225 328

Water transportation ................................................. 1,096 1,203 21 27

Transportation by air ................................................. 2,171 2,059 14 14

Pipelines, except natural gas .......................................... - - - -

Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 634 20 *7

Communications . .................................................... 8,477 6,774 87 80

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . ................................ 10,488 9,292 49 52

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade–durables ............................................ 19,040 17,206 498 530

Wholesale trade–nondurables ......................................... 11,271 11,170 298 293

Retail Trade

Building materials and hardware dealers ............................... 5,919 5,605 191 235

General merchandise stores .......................................... 16,070 17,600 *456 *631

Food stores . ........................................................ 22,828 18,766 487 536

Car dealers and gas stations .......................................... 16,837 16,452 443 553

Apparel and accessory stores ......................................... 4,137 4,418 147 136

Home furniture stores ................................................ 4,630 4,006 179 167

Eating and drinking places ............................................ 43,208 45,224 518 624

Miscellaneous retail .................................................. 13,102 14,117 498 574
16 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A3.

West Virginia Employment by Industry and Age: 1997 and 2002 — Con.

[Beginning-of-quarter employment]

Industry

Under 65 years 65 years and older

1997 2002 1997 2002

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions ................................................ 10,536 10,567 249 255

Nondepository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 2,387 18 23

Security and commodity brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 744 15 21

Insurance carriers ................................................... 3,470 3,208 53 43

Insurance agents and brokers ......................................... 4,033 4,824 131 170

Real estate ......................................................... 4,583 4,463 406 425

Holding and other investment offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 553 23 22

Services

Hotels and other lodging places . ...................................... 9,298 9,081 267 309

Personal services . . .................................................. 5,817 5,637 466 516

Business services ................................................... 24,500 28,903 528 811

Car repair, services, and parking ...................................... 4,385 4,955 128 182

Miscellaneous repair services ......................................... 2,645 2,999 56 93

Motion pictures ...................................................... 1,416 1,537 18 25

Amusement and recreation . .......................................... 6,394 9,657 272 *357

Health services ...................................................... 68,685 77,558 1,259 1,562

Legal services ....................................................... 5,012 5,713 113 158

Educational services ................................................. 3,745 4,104 108 132

Social services ...................................................... 17,638 19,556 602 736

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 149 9 10

Membership organizations . . .......................................... 5,240 5,204 347 359

Engineering, accounting, and research ................................. 11,014 12,627 293 305

Private households .................................................. 1,788 1,289 230 196

Services, not elsewhere classified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 86 *4 4

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at

<http://lehd-test/net/factsheets/index.php>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and West Virginia Bureau of Employment, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002. See Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
U.S. Census Bureau 17

Table A4.

Composition of Job Gain in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

Total . . ................................................ 35,613 6,652 2,792 918

Agriculture

Agricultural production–crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 37 18 14

Agricultural production–livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 *3 *2 1

Agricultural services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 38 15 4

Forestry ................................................... 6 2 1 -

Fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................ 1 1 - -

Mining

Metal mining ............................................... 3 - - -

Coal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 320 83 6

Oil and gas extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 54 17 5

Mining and quarrying–nonmetallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5 3 1

Construction

Building construction–general contractors ...................... 1,138 205 75 21

Construction other than building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 184 74 13

Construction–special trade ................................... 1,842 409 156 38

Manufacturing

Food and kindred products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 15 7 1

Tobacco products ........................................... - - - -

Textile mill products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 *2 *1 -

Apparel from fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9 2 1

Lumber and wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 91 39 15

Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 *5 *1 -

Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 3 -

Printing and publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 32 14 6

Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 40 22 3

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 13 6 1

Rubber and plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 23 7 1

Leather and leather products ................................. - - - -

Stone, clay, and glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 114 59 13

Primary metal industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 *18 10 2

Fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 25 10 3

Industrial and commercial machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 31 12 4

Electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5 2 -

Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 14 6 1

Measuring and analyzing instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 8 1 -

Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6 3 1

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation . . .................................... - - - -

Local and suburban transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 22 9 6

Motor freight transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 167 71 21

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 11 3 1

Transportation by air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 31 7 1

Pipelines, except natural gas ................................. - - - -

Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 8 *3 *1

Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 446 150 9

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 62 *18 1

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade–durables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 155 71 24

Wholesale trade–nondurables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 102 46 20

Retail Trade

Building materials and hardware dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 53 24 12

General merchandise stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 *70 *41 *17

Food stores . ............................................... 1,405 173 88 33

Car dealers and gas stations ................................. 1,243 185 84 33

Apparel and accessory stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 42 15 9

Home furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 46 21 9

Eating and drinking places ................................... 5,013 409 148 69

Miscellaneous retail ......................................... 1,154 173 78 41
18 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A4.

Composition of Job Gain in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002 — Con.

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 67 28 7

Nondepository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 13 8 1

Security and commodity brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 21 12 3

Insurance carriers .......................................... *106 *25 12 3

Insurance agents and brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 52 23 10

Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 94 51 25

Holding and other investment offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7 2 -

Services

Hotels and other lodging places . ............................. 1,006 172 85 36

Personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 141 75 40

Business services .......................................... 2,459 434 211 75

Car repair, services, and parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 54 24 10

Miscellaneous repair services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 33 13 6

Motion pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 13 5 3

Amusement and recreation . . . ............................... 1,438 145 84 *37

Health services ............................................. 3,029 726 278 81

Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 66 22 7

Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 81 41 11

Social services ............................................. 1,445 273 119 40

Museums, galleries, and gardens ............................. 9 2 2 2

Membership organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 122 56 22

Engineering, accounting, and research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 210 98 30

Private households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 49 32 16

Services, not elsewhere classified ............................ 6 2 1 -

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at

<http://lehd-test/net/factsheets/index.php>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and West Virginia Bureau of Employment, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002. See Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
U.S. Census Bureau 19

Table A5.

Composition of Job Loss in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

Total ...................................................... 35,207 8,553 4,375 1,342

Agriculture

Agricultural production–crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 33 19 14

Agricultural production–livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 *4 *2 *2

Agricultural services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 61 21 7

Forestry ................................................... 9 4 2 -

Fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................ 1 - - -

Mining

Metal mining ............................................... 2 1 1 1

Coal mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 434 162 12

Oil and gas extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 51 21 7

Mining and quarrying–nonmetallic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 11 6 *1

Construction

Building construction–general contractors ...................... 1,143 266 109 21

Construction other than building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 243 117 20

Construction–special trade ................................... 2,131 568 258 44

Manufacturing

Food and kindred products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 57 24 9

Tobacco products ........................................... - - - -

Textile mill products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *14 *5 *3 *1

Apparel from fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 26 17 2

Lumber and wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 102 62 18

Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 *6 *4 2

Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 18 10 2

Printing and publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 44 23 11

Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 493 293 12

Petroleum refining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 21 14 2

Rubber and plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 22 13 3

Leather and leather products ................................. - - - -

Stone, clay, and glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 240 139 25

Primary metal industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 *116 101 7

Fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 93 47 8

Industrial and commercial machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 61 39 9

Electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 11 14 2

Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 36 27 3

Measuring and analyzing instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 8 5 2

Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 16 7 1

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation . . .................................... - - - -

Local and suburban transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 20 10 9

Motor freight transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 221 120 36

Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 20 8 2

Transportation by air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 14 12 2

Pipelines, except natural gas ................................. - - - -

Transportation services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 14 *7 *1

Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 332 113 9

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 95 *82 4

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade–durables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 295 173 43

Wholesale trade–nondurables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 163 75 28

Retail Trade

Building materials and hardware dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 65 32 21

General merchandise stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 *134 *74 *35

Food stores . ............................................... 1,459 203 116 47

Car dealers and gas stations ................................. 1,257 231 120 47

Apparel and accessory stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 46 20 14

Home furniture stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 53 34 12

Eating and drinking places ................................... 5,247 464 179 88

Miscellaneous retail ......................................... 1,205 236 114 54
20 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A5.

Composition of Job Loss in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002 — Con.

Industry 14-44 years 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 67 48 17

Nondepository institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 32 9 4

Security and commodity brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 22 10 3

Insurance carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 *38 22 6

Insurance agents and brokers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 58 35 14

Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 93 51 36

Holding and other investment offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7 6 2

Services

Hotels and other lodging places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 153 87 38

Personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 134 75 43

Business services .......................................... 2,476 492 269 112

Car repair, services, and parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 77 35 13

Miscellaneous repair services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 51 22 9

Motion pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 15 7 4

Amusement and recreation . . . ............................... 1,230 133 76 *44

Health services ............................................. 2,364 735 350 124

Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 66 28 10

Educational services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 49 31 14

Social services ............................................. 1,139 276 137 68

Museums, galleries, and gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3 2 2

Membership organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 134 77 32

Engineering, accounting, and research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 204 108 33

Private households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 55 49 26

Services, not elsewhere classified ............................ 7 3 1 -

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at

<http://lehd-test/net/factsheets/index.php>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and West Virginia Bureau of Employment, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002. See Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.
U.S. Census Bureau 21

Table A6.

Average Monthly Earnings in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002

[Full-quarter earnings, in dollars]

Industry 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years

and older

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,110 2,926 1,792 2,442

Agriculture

Agricultural production–crops ................................. 1,812 1,418 1,386 1,575

Agricultural production–livestock .............................. *2,593 *2,346 *1,234 2,366

Agricultural services . ........................................ 2,580 1,887 1,604 1,823

Forestry ................................................... *2,998 *4,091 *2,937 2,706

Fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................ *2,043 - - 1,962

Mining

Metal mining ............................................... 4,046 2,899 *2,330 2,967

Coal mining ................................................ 4,468 4,350 4,547 4,280

Oil and gas extraction ....................................... 3,792 3,192 2,181 3,118

Mining and quarrying - nonmetallic ............................ 3,930 3,611 *3,022 3,335

Construction

Building construction–general contractors ...................... 2,787 2,696 2,189 2,297

Construction other than building . . . ........................... 3,723 4,126 2,845 3,294

Construction–special trade ................................... 3,060 3,221 2,402 2,609

Manufacturing

Food and kindred products .................................. 2,441 2,294 2,329 2,217

Tobacco products ........................................... *3,634 *3,622 *2,862 3,352

Textile mill products ......................................... *2,359 *2,394 *1,678 *2,141

Apparel from fabrics ........................................ *1,628 1,217 985 1,456

Lumber and wood products .................................. 2,514 2,605 2,084 2,181

Furniture and fixtures ....................................... *2,493 *2,490 *1,943 *2,302

Paper and allied products .................................... 2,935 2,942 *4,502 2,688

Printing and publishing ...................................... 2,455 2,323 2,066 2,344

Chemicals . . . .............................................. 5,451 5,857 *9,239 5,266

Petroleum refining .......................................... 4,258 4,490 *2,111 3,918

Rubber and plastics ......................................... 2,982 3,050 2,929 2,510

Leather and leather products ................................. *765 *613 *1,129 454

Stone, clay, and glass ....................................... 2,902 2,996 1,835 2,608

Primary metal industries ..................................... *4,705 4,536 4,906 4,273

Fabricated metal products ................................... 3,191 3,357 3,513 2,878

Industrial and commercial machinery .......................... 3,537 3,408 3,045 2,922

Electronic and electrical equipment ........................... 3,436 3,189 *2,480 3,058

Transportation equipment .................................... 3,946 3,516 2,826 4,079

Measuring and analyzing instruments ......................... 3,292 3,008 2,714 2,751

Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................. *2,345 1,997 *1,498 2,050

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

Railroad transportation . . .................................... *1,855 *2,170 *2,307 2,072

Local and suburban transit ................................... *2,300 1,446 853 1,616

Motor freight transportation .................................. 2,681 2,604 1,720 2,456

Water transportation ........................................ 4,406 *4,093 *3,020 3,706

Transportation by air ........................................ *4,083 *4,130 *1,223 3,164

Pipelines, except natural gas ................................. *3,033 *3,394 - 2,837

Transportation services ...................................... 3,016 *3,147 *1,203 2,610

Communications . ........................................... *3,716 *3,752 2,082 3,036

Electrical, gas, and sanitary services . ......................... 5,480 *5,486 2,433 5,077

Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade–durables ................................... 3,677 3,583 2,370 3,068

Wholesale trade–nondurables ................................ 3,289 2,929 1,684 2,984

Retail Trade

Building materials and hardware dealers ...................... 2,173 1,892 1,380 1,888

General merchandise stores ................................. *1,426 *1,228 *920 1,239

Food stores . ............................................... 1,658 1,480 1,059 1,283

Car dealers and gas stations ................................. 2,616 2,446 1,498 2,132

Apparel and accessory stores ................................ 1,560 1,378 1,367 1,202

Home furniture stores ....................................... 2,159 2,042 1,484 1,854

Eating and drinking places ................................... 1,287 1,248 1,038 970

Miscellaneous retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,117 1,871 1,476 1,763
22 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A6.

Average Monthly Earnings in West Virginia by Industry and Age: 2002 — Con.

[Full-quarter earnings, in dollars]

Industry 45-54 years 55-64 years

65 years

and older

14 years

and older

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

Depository institutions ....................................... 2,809 2,971 2,173 2,396

Nondepository institutions .................................... 3,104 2,855 2,493 2,506

Security and commodity brokers .............................. 7,315 5,512 *5,312 5,749

Insurance carriers .......................................... *3,927 3,741 1,987 3,251

Insurance agents and brokers ................................ 3,361 3,417 2,251 2,649

Real estate ................................................ 2,237 2,202 1,942 1,953

Holding and other investment offices .......................... 5,728 7,971 3,201 4,774

Services

Hotels and other lodging places . ............................. 1,764 1,763 1,382 1,541

Personal services . . ......................................... 1,737 1,618 1,126 1,510

Business services .......................................... 2,020 1,922 1,252 1,750

Car repair, services, and parking ............................. 2,133 1,776 983 1,816

Miscellaneous repair services ................................ 3,106 3,021 1,899 2,585

Motion pictures ............................................. 2,316 2,047 666 1,196

Amusement and recreation . ................................. 1,927 *1,851 *1,288 1,492

Health services ............................................. 3,302 3,377 2,561 2,804

Legal services .............................................. 3,461 3,289 2,555 3,036

Educational services ........................................ 2,480 2,951 2,126 2,253

Social services ............................................. 1,551 1,498 1,052 1,369

Museums, galleries, and gardens ............................. 1,762 1,982 *791 1,513

Membership organizations . . ................................. 1,582 1,577 845 1,336

Engineering, accounting, and research ........................ 4,006 4,336 2,984 3,178

Private households ......................................... 1,237 1,033 925 1,128

Services, not elsewhere classified ............................ 1,340 2,060 *805 1,345

- Represents zero.

* The value has been significantly distorted to protect confidentiality. A description of the confidentiality protection system is available at

<http://lehd-test/net/factsheets/index.php>.

Note: Earnings for workers 65 and older may reflect lump sum distributions.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and West Virginia Bureau of Employment, Local Employment Dynamics program, 2002. See Web site at

<http://lehd.dsd.census.gov>.

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Washington, DC 20233

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

Penalty for Private Use $300

FIRST-CLASS MAIL

POSTAGE & FEES PAID

U.S. Census Bureau

Permit No. G-58