Aerial Imaging Version 2.1

Revision A

November 2015

USER GUIDE

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial

Imaging Solution

1
Legal Information

Trimble Navigation Limited

935 Stewart Drive

Sunnyvale, California 94085

U.S.A.

www.trimble.com

Copyright and Trademarks

© 2013–2015, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights

reserved.

Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are

trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered

in the United States and in other countries. Access is a

trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited.

Microsoft and Windows are either registered

trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in

the United States and/or other countries.

The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the

Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by

Trimble Navigation Limited is under license.

Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance.

All other trademarks are the property of their

respective owners.

COCOM Limits

The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all

exportable GPS products contain performance

limitations so that they cannot be used in a manner

that could threaten the security of the United States.

The following limitations are implemented on this

product:

– Immediate access to satellite measurements and

navigation results is disabled when the receiver

velocity is computed to be greater than 1,000 knots,

or its altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters.

The receiver GPS subsystem resets until the COCOM

situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream

configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is

cleared.

Notices

United States

Certification number: FCC ID HSW-DNT2400P.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply

with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to

part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to

provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference when the equipment is operated in a

commercial environment. This equipment generates,

uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if

not installed and used in accordance with the

instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to

radio communications. Operation of this equipment

in a residential area is likely to cause harmful

interference in which case the user will be required to

correct the interference at his own expense.

Changes and modifications not expressly approved by

the manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can

void your authority to operate this equipment under

Federal Communications Commission rules.

Canada

Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio

transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a

type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the

transmitter by Industry Canada.

To reduce potential radio interference to other users,

the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen

that the equivalent isotropically radiated power

(e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful

communication.

This device complies with Industry Canada licenseexempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the

following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference, including

interference that may cause undesired operation of

the device.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian

ICES-003.

Certification number IC: 4492A-DNT2400P.

This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-210.

Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie

Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner

avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou

inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie

Canada.

Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage

radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il

faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que

la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.)

ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement

d'une communication satisfaisante.

Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie

Canada applicables aux appareils radioexempts de

licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux

conditions suivantes:

(1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et

(2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout

brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage

est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à

la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Numérique de certification IC: 4492A-DNT2400P.

Cet appareil est conforme à la norme CNR-210 du

Canada.

Europe

The product covered by this guide are intended to be

used in all EU member countries, Norway, and

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 2
Switzerland.

This equipment is classified as Group 1, Class A

equipment according to EN 55011. Group 1 is

applicable for all equipment within the scope of EN

55011 that is not classified as Group 2 equipment,

which contains all ISM RF equipment. Class A

equipment is equipment suitable for use in all

establishments other than domestic. Using Class A

equipment in domestic environments may cause

difficulties ensuring electromagnetic compatibility.

CE Declaration of Conformity

Hereby, Trimble Navigation, declares that

this product is in compliance with the

essential requirements and other relevant

provisions of:

– EMC Directive (2014/30/EU)

– Radio Equipment Directive (2014/53/EU)

– RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU)

– Machine Directive (2006/42/EC)

Note– Deviation from Machine directive

2006/42/EC: The CE marking for the UX5 HP system

is placed on the Trimble UX5 HP eBox and is only

visible when the eBox is removed from the Trimble

UX5 HP wing.

Japan

Certification numbers for the DNT2400P RFM radio

module: 007WWCUL0739 and 003UVA110681

Brazil

Este produto está homologado pela Anatel, de acordo

com os procedimentos regulamentados pela

Resolução no. 242/2000 e atende aos requisitos

técnicos aplicados, incluindo os limites de exposição

da Taxa de Absorção Específica referente a campos

elétricos, magnéticos e eletromagnéticos de

radiofrequência de acordo com as Resoluções no.

303/2002 e 533/2009.

Manter distância mínima de 2,5 cm do corpo humano.

Para maiores informações, consulte o site da ANATEL

www.anatel.gov.br.

Australia and New Zealand

This product conforms with the regulatory

requirements of the Australian

Communications and Media Authority

(ACMA) EMC framework, thus satisfying the

requirements for C-Tick Marking and sale within

Australia and New Zealand.

Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements

The product contains a removable Lithium polymer

battery. Taiwanese regulations require that waste

batteries are recycled.

廢電池請回收

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

For product recycling instructions and more

information, please go to

www.trimble.com/Corporate/Environmen

tal_Compliance.aspx.

Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste

Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products that run

on electrical power), call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask for

the “WEEE Associate”. Or, mail a request for recycling

instructions to:

Trimble Europe BV

c/o Menlo Worldwide Logistics

Meerheide 45

5521 DZ Eersel, NL

FCC Declaration of Conformity

We, Trimble Navigation Limited.

935 Stewart Drive

PO Box 3642

Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642

United States

+1-408-481-8000

Declare under sole responsibility that DoC products

comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference,

and

(2) This device must accept any interference

received, including interference that may cause

undesired operation.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 3
Environmental hazards

The product complies with international RoHS regulations.

Toxic and hazardous substances and elements

Part name Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Hexavalent

Chromium

(Cr6+)

Poly-brominated

biphenyls

(PBB)

Poly-brominated

diphenyl ethers

(PBDE)

Lithium polymer

rechargeable battery

X O O O O O

Power supply X O O O O O

Printed circuit board

assembly

X O O O O O

Radio module X O O O O O

Chassis O O O O O O

Plastic enclosure O O O O O O

Paper manual O O O O O O

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 4
Contents

1 Introduction 7

The UX5 HP aerial imaging solution 8

System components 9

Installing the Aerial Imaging software 10

Projects, blocks, and flights 13

Project phases 13

Software overview 14

Changing the system settings 18

Performing maintenance 19

2 Planning a Project 20

Designing a flight plan to meet the project requirements 21

Creating a project 24

Preparing the project map 25

Defining the blocks 28

Obstacle clearances 34

Defining the flights 38

Exporting the project 45

Checking flight permissions and conditions 46

3 Preparing Equipment 50

Flight case contents 51

Parts of the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover 52

Inserting the eBox and gBox 54

Checking the launcher 56

Checking the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover 57

Charging the UX5 HP batteries 59

Charging the Tablet batteries 64

Charging the camera batteries 65

Checking the camera 65

Inserting the camera 67

Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver 68

Locating your equipment 69

4 Completing a Flight 70

Importing the project 71

Keeping an eye on the weather 71

Validating the blocks 71

Validating the flights 72

Completing the flight checklist 72

Monitoring the flight 86

Landing the UX5 HP 95

Completing the post-flight checklist 97

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Contents

Disassembling the launcher 98

5 Analysis and Export 100

Transferring the images 101

Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 101

Exporting flight data for processing 102

Exporting the flight trajectory for analysis 103

6 Troubleshooting 104

System errors and warnings 105

Landing issues 110

Aerial Imaging software issues 110

Battery charger errors 110

gBox LED status 111

eBox LED status 111

Technicalsupport 112

7 Specifications and Settings 113

UX5 HP UAS specifications 114

Launcher specifications 116

Camera specifications 116

Sony a7R camera settings 117

UX5 HP battery safety 121

A Country-Specific Regulatory Information 130

FAA conditions and limitations of operation 131

Glossary 135

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 6
Introduction

n The UX5 HP aerial imaging solution 

n System components

n Installing the Aerial Imaging software

n Projects, blocks, and flights

n Project phases

n Software overview

n Changing the system settings

n Performing maintenance

The Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution

User Guide provides detailed information about

operating the components of the Trimble® UX5

HP aerial imaging solution.

Even if you have used other unmanned aviation

systems before, please read this user guide

carefully to familiarize yourself with the UX5

HP aerial imaging solution.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 7

C H A P T E R 1
1   Introduction

The UX5 HP aerial imaging solution 

The Trimble UX5 HP aerial imaging rover is an unmanned aircraft (UA). An unmanned aircraft is a

generic term, and refers to an aircraft that is operated remotely. The UX5 HP aerial imaging

rover follows a pre-programmed path where takeoff, flight, and landing require minimal human

intervention. Ifrequired, the crew operating the aircraft from the ground can intervene to change

the flight path or to land. In some cases, such as communications failure or loss of GPS signal, a

pre-programmed intervention is automatically activated to re-establish signal loss or to terminate

the flight early and complete a safe landing.

The UX5 HP aerial imaging rover holds a camera that takes aerial images over the defined area.

During the flight, all pictures are acquired at a specified height, along parallel lines with specified

overlap between the image exposures. At the same time, precision GNSS-based position

information is recorded during a postprocessing kinematic (PPK)survey to achieve highly accurate

position information for the captured images. When processed in image processing software such

as Trimble Business Center software, the PPK data produces high absolute accuracy deliverables.

About postprocessed kinematic surveys

A postprocessed kinematic survey enhances the accuracy of position data derived from satellitebased positioning systems by using data from at least two GNSS receivers: a base (reference)

receiver and a rover (moving)receiver.

The base receiver remains stationary at a site with precisely known coordinates. The coordinates of

the rover are unknown. They are determined relative to the reference position using

measurements recorded simultaneously at the two receivers. The positioning accuracy obtained

with this technique is usually centimeter accuracy. This is mainly because the measurements of two

(or more)receivers simultaneously tracking a particular satellite contain more or less the same

errors and biases. The shorter the distance between the two receivers, the more similar the errors.

By calculating the difference between the measurements of the two receivers, common errors are

removed and those that are spatially correlated are reduced, depending on the distance between

the reference receiver and the rover.

For a PPK survey, the data collected by the rover is processed and corrected after the

measurements have been made. This provides the following advantages compared to a real-time

kinematic (RTK) survey:

l More accurate results as the data throughput is not limited by the real-time communication

link.

l Communication link-related problems, such as signal obstruction or limitation of coverage, are

avoided.

l No accuracy degradation due to data latency.

l More accurate results due to more flexibility in editing and cleaning of the collected GPS data.

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1   Introduction

Typical applications

Image acquisition can be used for:

l Orthophoto creation

l Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or Digital Surface Model (DSM)

l Photogrammetry

The resulting data is useful for a range of applications, including:

l Topographicalsurveying, particularly in remote or difficult to access areas, typical in the mining

and dredging industries

l Vegetation monitoring

l Infrastructure mapping

Postprocessed kinematic survey data is generally used in applications where centimeter-level

precision is needed, such as:

l Mapping out a feature such as a fault scarp or a shoreline

l Recording the locations ofsample sites

l Measuring the positions of markers such as stakes on a glacier to determine ice velocities

ISA conditions

All operating specifications provided in this guide for the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover are

determined using International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions. The ISA conditions used to

determine the specifications for the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover are:

Specification Value

Humidity 0 %

Air pressure 1013.25 hPa (760 mm Hg)

Temperature 15 °C (59 °F)

Air density 1.225 kg/m3 (0.076 lb/ft3)

System components

The UX5 HP aerial imaging system comprises the following components:

l UX5 HP aerial imaging rover

l Camera

l Ground controlstation

l Launcher

l Tracker (optional)

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1   Introduction

UX5 HP aerial imaging rover

The UX5 HP aerial imaging rover consists of the wing kit (or body), the eBox and the gBox.

The eBox is a removable box containing the autopilot that controls the UX5 HP. The eBox is

connected to a GPS antenna for navigation and a radio antenna for communicating with the

ground controlstation. It is also connected to the camera for sending trigger commands and

recording shutter feedback events.

The gBox is a removable box containing a Trimble precision GNSS receiver that provides centimeterlevel positioning technology. The gBox is connected to a GNSS antenna for recording positions and

to the camera for recording the shutter feedback events.

Camera

The camera captures images during the flight. The full frame camera has a large 36.4 megapixel

CMOS sensor that provides sharp, detailed images. The standard RGB solution includes a UV HAZE

1 filter. The optional NIR (near infrared)solution is for use in specialized applications such as

agriculture and includes a B+W 040 (orange) filter.

The camera can be fitted with a 15 mm, 25 mm, or 35 mm lens.

Ground control station

The ground controlstation (GCS) is used to control the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover from the

ground. It comprises a GPS-enabled Tablet running the Trimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging software.

The Trimble UX5 HP modem is connected to the Tablet to enable radio communication to the

rover.

Launcher

The launcher is a mechanical device that provides a safe way to launch the UX5 HP aerial imaging

rover in the direction of takeoff.

Tracker

The tracker consists of a transmitter inserted in the body of the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover and a

receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signalso the UX5 HP can be

located once it has landed. The exact type of tracker used depends on the country where the

system is being used. Check with your Trimble distributor what is available for your location.

Installing the Aerial Imaging software

Use the Trimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging software to plan, manage, and monitor your flights.

The Aerial Imaging Desktop software is installed on an office computer. The field version of the

Aerial Imaging software is installed on the Tablet. The field software provides all of the functionality

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 10
1   Introduction

included in the office software. In addition, you can use the field software to monitor the aircraft

during flight.

Aerial Imaging Desktop installation

1. To install the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, use Trimble Installation Manager.

If you have:

l Not installed Trimble Installation Manager before, go to

www.trimble.com/installationmanager for installation information. Make sure you

download and install the Trimble Installation Manager Online version.

l Previously installed Trimble Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because

it updates itself automatically.

2. Make sure you do not have a Tablet or other Trimble controller connected to the office

computer.

3. Select Start / All Programs / Trimble Installation Manager to start the Installation Manager.

4. Make sure Aerial Imaging is selected in the product bar.

5. In the Try software tab, select the Aerial Imaging check box and then click Create license. The

Trimble Central Authentication Service dialog appears.

If you do not have a CAS account, click the Create an account link to go to the web page where

you can register. After registration, approve the verification email to create your account.

6. Enter your login details and then click Log in.

The Trimble Installation Manager window switches to the Install updates tab and shows the

now licensed Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

7. Click Install.

When the software is successfully installed, a green check icon appears.

8. Click Finish to close Trimble Installation Manager.

For further information on updating the software, view the Help file in the Trimble Installation

Manager.

Aerial Imaging Tablet installation

Note – Make sure Windows® 7 or later is installed on the Tablet.

1. To install the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet, use Trimble Installation Manager.

If you have:

l Not installed Trimble Installation Manager before, go to

www.trimble.com/installationmanager for installation information. Make sure you

download and install the Trimble Installation Manager Online version.

l Previously installed Trimble Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because

it updates itself automatically.

2. Select Start / All Programs / Trimble Installation Manager to start the Installation Manager.

3. Make sure Aerial Imaging is selected in the product bar.

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1   Introduction

4. In the Install updates tab, select the Aerial Imaging check box and then click Install.

When the software is successfully installed, a green check icon appears.

5. Click Finish to close Trimble Installation Manager.

For further information on how to install or update your software and license file, view the Help file

in Trimble Installation Manager.

Software notifications

The software notification service is installed on your office computer or Tablet along with the

Trimble Installation Manager software. The service uses the Windows notification area, which

appears at the far right of the Windows taskbar.

The service notifies you when newer versions of the Aerial Imaging software are available.

Notifications occur once a week until you have updated your system.

To run Trimble Installation Manager and install updates, click the notification message.

Alternatively, click the Show Hidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then double-click the

Trimble Installation Manager icon.

To manually check for updates, click the Show Hidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and

then right-click the Trimble Installation Manager icon and select Check for updates.

Updating the firmware

The Aerial Imaging software automatically checks that the eBox firmware is up to date when the

connection between the GCS and the UX5 HP is established during the flight checklist procedure. If

firmware updates are available you are prompted to perform an update. It takes about 30 minutes

to update the eBox firmware.

To manually initiate a firmware update, tap Updating the firmware in the Maintenance screen (see

Performing maintenance, page 19). To check the firmware version, tap Checking the firmware

version in the Maintenance screen.

1. When you are prompted to perform an update, do one of the following:

l To dismiss the update checklist, tap . The flight checklist is aborted because the

software does not allow you to fly when the firmware version is not in sync with the Aerial

Imaging software.

l To start the firmware update, tap . The update checklist appears.

2. When prompted, attach the modem to the GCS. Tap to update the modem firmware.

3. When prompted, connect the download cable to the eBox and the modem. Tap to update

the eBox firmware.

4. The eBox firmware update consists ofseveral automatic steps. When the firmware has finished

updating, disconnect the download cable from the eBox and the modem.

Depending on whether the Update firmware checklist was started automatically or manually,

either the start of the flight checklist or the Maintenance screen appears.

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1   Introduction

Projects, blocks, and flights

A project consists of all activities needed to acquire aerial imagery of your area of interest. The area

of interest consists of one or more blocks and blocks are added to flights. A flight can cover more

than one block, as long as the total flight time is less than the maximum flight time. If the estimated

flight time for a block exceeds the maximum flight time, the block can be split into smaller parts.

For example, a farmer wants to aerially photograph his potato fields. The farmer has two potato

fields, located 500 m apart from each other. In his project, he creates a block for each field. One

field can be mapped in an estimated flight time of 20 minutes. But one field is so large the estimated

flight time is 40 minutes. It cannot be mapped in one flight because the maximum flight time is 35

minutes. Therefore, the farmer splits the block into two blocks. He could split the block into two

equal blocks of 20 minutes, but then that would result in a total of three separate blocks that have

to be flown as three separate flights. Instead, the farmer splits the larger block into one 10 minute

block and one 30 minute block. Then the farmer adds the new 10 minute block to the flight for the

existing 20 minute block. The farmer can now map both fields in two flights, each of 30 minutes

duration.

Projects, blocks, and flights can be copied so it is easy to set up similar projects or flights. Copy

blocks to easily repeat flights at different heights or to redo a flight regularly, for example to track

changes or progress over the block area.

Note – Block and flight planning are usually done in the office but must be validated in the field

after checking actual conditions.

Project phases

The typical phases of a project are:

l Background map definition: In the office you can prepare the background map, adding details

such as avoidance zones.

l Block definition: Define one or more blocks to be aerially photographed. You can specify the

planned wind and flight direction in the office, but you must validate the block properties in

the field to take into account the actual wind direction and environment.

l Flight definition: Prepare one or more flights to cover the block(s) and suggest the takeoff and

landing locations. If the flight preparation is done in the office, then you must validate the

flight properties in the field, including the selected takeoff and landing locations.

l Flight scheduling: Flight scheduling is completed outside of the Aerial Imaging software.

Complete checks for flight permissions, weather, and site suitability and schedule the flight.

Before heading to the site, check all equipment for any damage from previous flights and fully

charge all batteries.

l PPK operation: If you need centimeter-level absolute accuracy the UX5 HP should operate

with PPK. PPK requires data from a reference station. This station can be a local base station

(with or without a precisely known position) that you set up before the flight or a network

reference station, such as CORS, that you access after the flight.

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1   Introduction

l Flight operation: Complete the flight checklist to ensure that the system is ready for the flight.

After launching the UX5 HP, monitor the flight using the ground controlstation. After the UX5

HP lands, complete the post-flight checklist to transfer the flight data to the Tablet.

l Analysis and export: Analyze the flight and captured images to make sure they are

synchronized and then export the data in the appropriate file format for image processing.

l Postprocessing: Also known as baseline processing. Refine the GNSS data collected during the

flight to achieve highly accurate image positions, using postprocessing software such as

Trimble Business Center software. The output is called a trajectory.

l Image processing: Use the postprocessed data to create high absolute accuracy deliverables

such as orthophotos and point clouds, using image processing software such as Trimble

Business Center software.

Software overview

l The Home screen, page 14

l The Projects screen, page 15

l Software tabs, page 16

l Title bar buttons, page 16

l Status icons, page 17

The Home screen

When you open the Aerial Imaging software, the Home screen appears.

The Home screen is shown below:

From this screen you can:

l Create a new project or import a project. Alternatively, browse to the Projects screen to view

available projects. See The Projects screen, page 15.

l Change system settings. See Changing the system settings, page 18.

l Access the Maintenance screen. See Performing maintenance, page 19.

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1   Introduction

To return to the current job, click .

The Projects screen

To view the Projects screen, click in the Home screen. Existing projects are displayed in the

thumbnail carousel on the left and in the list to the right.

To search for a project, enter the project name in the search bar above the list, or browse the

project thumbnails.

To change the order of projects listed, toggle the Sort by icon above the list:

Click... To list projects...

Alphabetically from A to Z

Reverse alphabetically from Z to A

Chronologically from earliest date modified to latest

Reverse chronologically from last date modified to earliest

To view project details, click beside the project name.

You must select a project before some of the buttons are enabled. You can do the following:

Click... To... For more information, see...

Create a new project. Creating a project, page 24

Import a project GWT file. Importing the project, page 71

Export the project GWT file. Exporting the project, page 45

Export a flight as a KML file or GPX file for

viewing the flight trajectory in software such

as Google Earth.

Exporting the flight trajectory for

analysis, page 103

Export project data as JXL or CSV/TXT files for

processing.

Note – Projects created in Aerial Imaging

software version 1.x cannot be imported into

version 2.1, but if you have flights from a

version 1.x project that need processing,

select the export as JXL or CSV/TXT option

and then select the version 1.x project to

export the flight data.

Exporting flight data for

processing, page 102

Copy the project and all its content.

Open the project. The Map layers screen

appears.

Preparing the project map, page

25

Delete the project and associated flight data.

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1   Introduction

Software tabs

The Aerial Imaging software provides a tabular workflow. The tabs allow you to easily move

between the different levels of project information and phases of a project.

Most screens in the software provide access to the following tabs:

Tab icon Tab name Function

Map layers tab Define the background map and create

avoidance zones.

Blocks tab Define the area to aerially photograph

and set block properties, such as GSD

and height.

Flights tab Add flights, and define flight properties,

such as the takeoff and landing

locations.

Flight checklist tab Complete the flight checklist.

Dashboard tab Monitor the UX5 HP during flight.

Post-flight checklist tab Transfer the flight data from the UX5 HP

to the Tablet.

Title bar buttons

The title bar of the software includes the following buttons:

Click... To...

Return to the Home screen.

Return to the Projects screen.

Show or hide the keyboard. This button is available only in the Tablet version of

the software.

Save the project.

View the Aerial Imaging Help and the software About dialog.

Close the software.

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1   Introduction

Status icons

At the bottom of each screen, the footer shows the following information:

Icon Accompanying information Notes

GPS coordinates of the location of the

cursor on the map.

If you are using the Aerial Imaging Tablet

software, this icon is not displayed.

GPS coordinates of the location of the

GCS.

If you are using the Aerial Imaging

Desktop software, this icon is not

displayed.

If the GCS has no GPS lock, the text "no

GPS lock" is displayed. If the GCS has

issues with its GPS hardware, the text

"no GPS hardware detected" is

displayed.

GPS coordinates of the location of the

UX5 HP.

If you are using the Aerial Imaging

Desktop software, this icon is not

displayed.

If the UX5 HP has no GPS connection,

this icon is not displayed.

The battery level of the Tablet. If you are using the Aerial Imaging

Desktop software, this icon is not

displayed.

The current local time (read from the

Tablet).

If you are using the Aerial Imaging

Desktop software, this icon is not

displayed.

During flight, the following information is shown:

Icon Accompanying information

Ground speed.

Distance between the GCS and the aircraft, projected perpendicular onto the GCS

reference plane; azimuth from the GCS to the aircraft.

Number of flight lines flown versus total number of flight lines.

Number ofshutter feedback events compared to number of trigger commands.

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1   Introduction

Changing the system settings

To change settings for the Aerial Imaging software, click the Settings button in the Home screen.

After configuring the settings, do one of the following:

l Click to accept the settings and then click to return to the Home screen.

l Click to discard the changes you have made to the settings and return to the Home screen.

General settings

Use the settings in the General group to specify:

l The language used for the Aerial Imaging software and help file.

l The source for online maps.

Note – Trimble does not guarantee the accuracy of any mapping data source. It is your

responsibility to double-check the precision of the coordinates.

l The status of Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® wireless technology during fight. By default, Wi-Fi and

Bluetooth are turned off during flight.

l Preferred units for speed, distance, altitude, and area.

Network settings

Use the settings in the Network group to specify the proxy settings for the Internet connection.

Select the check box to enable proxy settings for the Internet connection and then enter the

settings to use. If you change these settings, you are prompted to restart the Aerial Imaging

software.

Note – You may need to configure the Internet proxy settings before you can view online maps.

For the correct settings to use, consult your network administrator.

External GNSS

(Available only when using the Aerial Imaging Tablet software.)

Use the settings in the External GNSS group to specify the communication interface on the Tablet

for an external GNSS USB dongle.

Privacy

Select whether to enable data tracking.

At Trimble we believe that the data we track should only be used to help us provide you with the

highest quality products, services, and support. Trimble Access Aerial Imaging gathers information

on how you use the software and on which platform it runs. It does not store any IP addresses,

locations, or any other individually identifiable data.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 18
1   Introduction

Performing maintenance

To perform maintenance on the rover, camera, or launcher, click in the Home screen to view

maintenance procedures. Alternatively, refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution

Maintenance Guide.

The following maintenance procedures are available:

l Rover:

l Replacing the drive unit

l Replacing a servo

l Replacing a propeller blade

l Replacing the camera filter

l Replacing a winglet or winglet screw

l Checking the pitot tube

l Camera

l Assembling the camera body & lens

l Disassembling the camera body & lens

l Adjusting the camera focus

l Checking the camera trigger & eBox feedback events

l Launcher

l Replacing the launcher cord

l Replacing the wheels of the launcher dock

l Communication (available in the Aerial Imaging Tablet software only)

l Binding the modem & eBox

l Unbinding the modem & eBox

Check the rover, camera, and launcher after each flight to ensure the equipment is in good working

order. For more information, see Preparing Equipment, page 50.

Perform any maintenance required using the procedures above. If you note any issues not covered

by these procedures, contact your Trimble distributor.

Note – All procedures apply exclusively to the Trimble UX5 HP aerial imaging system.

In addition, the Maintenance screen allows you to check the firmware version of the eBox, and if

necessary update the firmware. This is only available in the Aerial Imaging Tablet software. For

more information, see Updating the firmware , page 12.

To exit the Maintenance screen and return to the Home screen, click in the title bar.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 19
Planning a Project

n Designing a flight plan to meet the

project requirements

n Creating a project

n Preparing the project map

n Defining the blocks

n Obstacle clearances

n Defining the flights

n Exporting the project

n Checking flight permissions and

conditions

This chapter describes how to plan a project.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 20

C H A P T E R 2
2   Planning a Project

Designing a flight plan to meet the project

requirements

There are many factors that can influence the success of a project. Good project planning is one of

them.

A carefully planned project will ensure that flights are executed safely and that the captured data

can be processed successfully

The quality of a project’s deliverable is often linked to its accuracy, referring to the positional

accuracy of the final output result. A project is processed based on geospatial coordinates, which

are automatically acquired during the flight. The output result has a relative accuracy ofseveral

times the GSD.

The GSD (ground sample distance)specifies the distance on the ground represented by the pixel of

a captured image. It depends on the camera sensor’s pixelsize and lens focal length. The smaller

the GSD value, the more detailed the images. The GSD and the height at which the UX5 HP flies are

linked. The higher the rover flies, the larger the distance on the ground represented by each pixel in

the images acquired during the flight.

Other factors that impact the final output result include PPK, ground control points (GCPs), image

overlap, and camera settings.

If you need centimeter-level absolute accuracy, the UX5 HP should operate with PPK. PPK requires

data from a reference station. This station can be a local base station (with or without a precisely

known position) that you set up before the flight or a network reference station, such as CORS, that

you access after the flight.

The absolute accuracy can be much improved by using ground control points (GCPs) if PPK is not

available. A ground control point is an accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical

feature that can be identified on the ground. Use at least 5 GCPs, which are evenly spread over the

area of interest.

The percentage of image overlap allows processing software to correct for errors in the position and

orientation of the aerial images (a rover is a dynamic platform with position and orientation sensors

that are not that precise). Trimble recommends having a forward and sideward overlap of 80%

which gives the most accurate results while minimizing flight and processing time. There are some

cases where increasing the overlap may be beneficial. Examples are when flying over dense tree

canopy, bodies of water, or large areas ofsand or snow. These often have a shortage of identifiable

features in the images that can be used as tie points for the image adjustment.

Image overlap also varies with changing terrain elevation and features. Use blocks at different

heights to ensure the same level of overlap for all areas of interest (see the images below). The

image on the left does not take into account the terrain elevation, which results in a varying

amount of overlap. The image on the right does take into account the terrain elevation, ensuring

the same level of overlap for all areas of interest.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 21
2   Planning a Project

Decreasing the overlap can have an impact on the quality of the orthophoto due to vignetting in

the images. This effect can also occur when flying below a certain flight height for a specific lens size,

or when the texture of the area of interest is homogeneous (for example bare soil like a desert,

short grass or low growing crops).

Due to the image perspective, occlusions or hidden areas in vertical objects may occur, causing

undesired distortion effects. Trimble recommends a minimum flight height of 120 m above vertical

objects of interest, such as buildings or bridges, in order to avoid distortion in the images.

During image acquisition, the UX5 HP has an average speed of 23.5 meters per second. Because of

the forward motion of the camera, and depending on the flight height, the shutter speed should be

set fast enough to avoid blur effects on the imagery. Therefore, whenever ambient light conditions

allow, Trimble recommends not to exceed half of the ground sample distance in forward motion

during exposure.

Selecting the lens

The camera can be fitted with different sized lenses. The lens size you select depends on the

tradeoff you choose between resolution and area coverage:

l A 15 mm lens offers wide coverage but lower resolution.

l A 25 mm lens offers normal coverage and resolution.

l A 35 mm lens offers lower coverage but high resolution.

Lens size Resolution at 100 m (328 ft) Diagonal view angle

15 mm 3.2 cm (1.3 ") 110.4 °

25 mm 2.0 cm (0.8 ") 81.6 °

35 mm 1.3 cm (0.5 ") 63.3 °

Note – Take into account that the lens size can have an impact on the processed orthophoto due

to vignetting issues in the images. This occurs when using a:

– 15 mm lens and flying below 100 m (328 ft)

– 25 mm lens and flying below 130 m (427 ft)

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2   Planning a Project

– 35 mm lens and flying below 260 m (853 ft)

In these cases, Trimble strongly recommends correcting the images for vignetting using software

applications such as RawTherapee.

When using a lens for the first time on a specific camera body, you must carefully assemble the

camera and adjust the camera focus. For more information, refer to the maintenance procedures

for the camera in the Maintenance screen.

Selecting the operating mode

Select one of the following operating modes:

l PPK: For centimeter-level absolute accuracy

l No PPK: For high relative precision

PPK

If you need centimeter-level accuracy, select PPK for the operating mode.

Coordinates X, Y Z

Absolute accuracy* Down to 2.2 cm (0.88 ") Down to 2.0 cm (0.79 ")

Relative accuracy* 1–2 x GSD

* According to American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) standards (aerial triangulation

accuracy).

Note – The absolute accuracy depends on the accuracy of the reference station and the distance

between that station and the rover (typically called the baseline length). The shorter the distance,

the more accurate the results will be.

PPK requires data from a reference station. This station can be a local base station that you set up

before the flight or a network reference station, such as CORS, that you access after the flight.

Local base station

A local base station is a GPS receiver located at a known fixed location or at a location with

unknown coordinates. If the coordinates are unknown, then the local base station must be used

with data from a reference network, such as the CORS network. For more information, see Network

ofreference stations, page 24.

To set up the base station, follow the instructions provided by the base station user guide.

Note – It is the user’s responsibility to make sure that the base station is set up correctly.

The base station should be located within 10 km (6.2 miles) of the area to map: the closer, the

better. Line-of-sight (visibility) is not required between the base and the rover. The exact location of

the base station should be measured in the coordinate system you will use in the postprocessing

software.

The base station should have a clear and unobstructed view of the sky. Be aware of likely multipath

sources such as buildings, wire fences, high voltage power sources, and trees.

The rover receiver logs GNSS data at 20 Hz. Trimble recommends having a base receiver that logs

the GNSS data as frequently as the logging interval used by the rover receiver.

Note – Using a slower logging rate will affect the accuracy.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 23
2   Planning a Project

Network of reference stations

A network ofreference stations, such as a CORS or VRS network, is a network of base stations at a

known fixed location. Each base station continuously collects and records GNSS observation data.

Many reference networks exist over the world, some of them denser than others. The reference

data from a network reference station is accessible via the Internet.

Trimble recommends selecting a network reference station that is GNSS-capable, preferably logs at

a rate of 20 Hz (the rate of the rover receiver), and is located within 10 km (6.2 miles) of the area to

map. If you do not have a network reference station within that limit, you can set up a local base

station that is located within 10 km from the area to map. The distance between the local base

station and the network reference station can be much larger than 10 km. You do not need to

know the exact coordinates of the local base station you set up as the data from the network

reference station is used to precisely define the position of the local base station using static

postprocessing.

No PPK

If you do not have a base receiver available, you can use the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging solution

without PPK. Use ground control points (GCPs) to achieve high accurate results.

Trimble recommends using at least 5 GCPs which are evenly spread around the perimeter of the

area to map.

Creating a project

To create a new project, do one of the following:

l In the Home screen, click and enter the name of the new project in the pop-up field. The

Map layers screen for the new project appears.

l In the Projects screen, click and enter the name of the new project in the pop-up field. The

new project appears in the Projects list. Click to open the project. The Map layers screen

appears.

Note – Names of projects, blocks, and flights can contain the following characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9,

dash (-), space ( ), and underscore (_).

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2   Planning a Project

Preparing the project map

A project must have at least one geo-referenced background map. Objects within a geo-referenced

map are associated with a unique geographical location.

To prepare the project map, select the Map layers tab.

The Map layers tab, with an example map, is shown below:

For more information, see:

l Adding a background map, page 25

l Adding information to the map, page 26

l Managing map layers, page 27

Adding a background map

You can use an online map, an offline map, or you can add your own geo-referenced map.

l To use an online map:

a. Make sure you have Internet access.

b. Click on the map and then enter the location of interest. The map shows the area

around the location using your preferred online map provider (see Changing the system

settings, page 18).

c. Zoom in or out, or pan until you view the preferred map area.

Note – The online map is always available as a layer and cannot be deleted. You can have

only one online map layer per project.

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2   Planning a Project

l To use an offline map, click . Use the toolbar that appears on top of the map to select the

satellite map or road map for download. An area of 1680 x 1050 pixels (maximum)

centered on the middle of the map, including two zoom levels, is downloaded as an offline

map. The smallest area you can download has zoom level 17, which corresponds to

approximately 0.75 m per pixel (2.46 ft per pixel). The largest area you can download has zoom

level 10, which corresponds to approximately 95 m per pixel (0.06 miles per pixel).

The offline map layer ensures you will be able to view the map background during the flight, if

you do not have an Internet connection in the field.

You can have multiple offline map layers in a project.

l To use your own map, add a GeoTiff file that you have prepared earlier using software such as

Trimble Business Center software.

The GeoTiff file must be georeferenced in the WGS84 UTM datum and be less than 120 MB in

size. It must use no compression or only LWZ file compression.

To generate a background map using the Trimble Business Center AP module, create an

orthomosaic, selecting "Low" resolution and "TIFF" for the file format.

To add the GeoTiff file in Aerial Imaging, click . Navigate to the location of the file, select it,

and then click Import. The map shows the contents of the file you selected.

You can have multiple GeoTiff map layers in a project.

Adding information to the map

You can add the following types of information to the map:

l Avoidance zones

l Points, lines, polygons and text from a KML file

l Points, lines, and polygons from a SHP file

l Points and lines from a GPX file

l Ground control points (GCPs) from a CSV file

Adding avoidance zones

Add as many avoidance zones as required. To add an avoidance zone, click and then draw or

import the shape of the avoidance zone.

To draw the shape of the avoidance zone:

1. Click . A toolbar appears on top of the map, allowing you to add a polygonal, rectangular, or

ellipsoidal area. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then draw the area:

l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point .

l For a rectangle or ellipse, click the mouse on the map. A standard-sized shape appears.

The location of the mouse click is the center of the shape.

2. To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click . The avoidance zone appears in the list to the

right.

3. To clear the shape, click .

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2   Planning a Project

To import the shape of the avoidance zone:

l From a KML file, click . All polygons in the KML file appear as avoidance zones on the map

and in the map layers list.

l From a SHP file, click . All polygons in the SHP file appear as avoidance zones on the map

and in the map layers list.

To edit the avoidance zone, select the zone on the map or in the map layers list.

Note – To disable editing of an avoidance zone, select the zone and then click above the map

layers list.

l To resize or reshape the avoidance zone, click and move the boundary points on the map.

l To reposition the avoidance zone, click and move it on the map.

l To rotate the shape, click and hold the arrow on the zone and drag your mouse over the

map.

l To add a boundary point, click the edge of the shape.

l To delete a boundary point, click and drag the point to one of the other boundary points.

Note – It is not possible to add or remove boundary points for a rectangular or ellipsoidal

zone.

Adding information from files

Click to add the following types of files as a map layer:

l KML files containing points, lines, polygons, and text.

l SHP files containing points, lines, and polygons.

l GPX files containing points and lines.

l CSV files containing ground control points (GCPs).

The format for the CSV file is: Identifier, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude. The coordinates must be

in decimal degrees in the WGS84 coordinate system and the altitude in meters. There should

be no header.

Managing map layers

The online map is the map's default layer. The online map is always the bottom layer and cannot

be moved up.

An offline or GeoTiff layer sits above the online map and below any other layer, such as avoidance

zone, KML, SHP, or GPX file layers.

New layers always become the top layer. Layers at the top of the list appear as the top-most layers

on the map. Click next to the layer's name to move layers up and down the list.

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2   Planning a Project

To change the status of a layer, select a layer in the list and then toggle the buttons above the list:

Click... To make the layer...

/ Visible / hidden

/ Unlocked / Locked (not editable)

This button is available only for avoidance zone layers.

To remove a layer that is no longer required, select the layer in the list and then click below the

list. You cannot delete the online map layer.

To rename a layer, select the layer in the list and then click the layer's name. You can now edit the

name. The online map cannot be renamed.

Click to toggle between the map view and the satellite view of the online map.

Use the and buttons to zoom in and zoom out of the map.

Click to display the map grid lines.

Use the button to zoom the map and all of its layers to the best view.

If you are viewing the map on the Tablet and it has a GPS connection, the button is available. If

you pan around the map, click to center the map on the current GPS location. During flight, the

button is available. Click to center the map on the current rover location.

Defining the blocks

A block is the area to be flown over at a specified ground sample distance (GSD) and image overlap.

A project needs at least one block. To define blocks, select the Blocks tab.

Note – You must validate in the field any blocks you have defined in the office.

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2   Planning a Project

The Blocks tab, for an example block, is shown below:

Creating a block

Add as many blocks as required. To add a block, click and then draw or import the shape of the

block.

To draw the shape of the block:

1. Click . A toolbar appears on top of the map, allowing you to add a polygonal or rectangular

area. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then draw the area:

l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point .

l For a rectangle, click the mouse on the map. A standard-sized shape appears. The location

of the mouse click is the center of the shape.

2. To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click . The block appears in the list to the right.

3. To clear the shape, click .

To import the shape of the block:

l From a KML file, click . All polygons in the KML file appear as blocks on the map and in the

list.

l From a SHP file, click . All polygons in the SHP file appear as blocks on the map and in the

list.

Note – The block area and the +/- 200 m (+/- 656 ft) required for turns should not overlap any

avoidance zone on the map. If the block area is orange, you must move the block out of the

avoidance zone.

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2   Planning a Project

Editing the block area

To edit the block area, select it on the map or in the list.

Note – To disable editing of a block, select the block and then click above the map layers list.

Tip – To hide the flight lines, select the block and toggle / above the list.

l To resize or reshape the block, click and move the boundary points on the map.

l To reposition the block, click and move it on the map.

l To rotate the shape, click and hold the arrow on the block and drag your mouse over the

map.

l To add a boundary point, click the edge of the shape.

l To delete a boundary point, click and drag the point to one of the other boundary points.

Note – It is not possible to add or remove boundary points for a rectangular block.

Setting the prevailing wind direction

When you select a block, the flight lines that appear over the block indicate the direction the UX5

HP will fly over the block. The rover should always fly perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction

and all turns should be made into the wind. By default, the prevailing wind direction is a northerly

wind. North is located at the top of the map.

To update the prevailing wind direction to match the expected conditions in the field:

1. Tap the wind direction arrow in the top right corner of the map and drag it so that it

indicates the direction of the wind at the site. The flight lines rotate accordingly.

Note – To ensure smooth turns and limited headwind and tailwind during flight, it is

important to correctly indicate the prevailing wind direction.

However, it can be useful to disable the control of the flight lines by wind direction, for example

when the block is a narrow rectangle, in which case you should always put the flight lines along

the longest side, independent of the wind direction. To manually manipulate the flight lines,

select the block and click above the list. The icon appears above the list and on the map.

To manually adjust the direction of the flight lines, tap and drag the mouse over the map.

Alternatively, enter the rotation angle of the flight lines in the field of the block properties.

As a warning, the manual flight lines icon above the list turns red when the direction of the

flight lines differs by less than 45 degrees from the wind direction.

2. If the flight lines change to red, this indicates that one or more flight lines (including the

additional +/- 200 m (+/- 656 ft) required for turns) overlap an avoidance zone. Edit the block to

move the flight lines out of the avoidance zone.

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2   Planning a Project

Editing block properties

To edit the block properties, click next to the block name in the list and then do the following:

Note – It is not possible to change the block properties when a block is locked.

a. Select the type of aerial imaging rover you will use to fly the block.

Note – This user guide is specifically for use with the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover. To use a

different rover, refer to the appropriate user guide.

b. Select the type ofsensor you will use to map the block. For more information, see Selecting

the lens, page 22.

c. Set the ground sample distance (GSD) or height . The default value is the GSD value

obtained by flying at a height of 100 m (328 ft). For more information, see GSD and height,

page 32.

d. Enter the image forward and side overlap values. The default value is 80%. For more

information, see Image forward and side overlap, page 33.

e. To use a left turn or a right turn to enter the block during flight, click or . This setting also

defines the first waypoint that the UX5 HP will fly to.

The block properties also show the estimated flight time and the size of the block area.

Splitting a block

The software estimates the total flight time needed to cover the block. The estimated flight time

does not include the time to get to and from the takeoff and landing locations. If the estimated

flight duration exceeds the maximum flight time, a warning indication appears next to the block

name in the list. If the warning appears then you must split the block:

1. Select the block and then click . A toolbar appears on top of the map that allows you to split

the block.

2. Click . By default the block is divided through the center of the rectangular boundary box

surrounding the block area, perpendicular to the wind direction.

3. To change the cut, manipulate the boundary points of the dividing line.

4. Click to confirm splitting the block. The original block is divided in two and both blocks

appear in the list.

Note – Splitting blocks can cause existing blocks to be renumbered.

5. Repeat the steps above as needed until the estimated flight duration is less than the maximum

flight time, also taking into account the takeoff and landing time.

6. To undo a split, select one of the blocks that you want to combine and click in the toolbar.

Then select the other block to merge. You can only merge adjacent blocks. Click to confirm

the merge. The properties of the first selected block are used for the merged block.

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2   Planning a Project

Managing blocks

Select a block in the list and toggle the buttons above the list to change the attributes of the block:

Icon shown... Sets the...

/ / Block and flight lines to visible/ only the block is visible / the block and flight

lines are hidden

/ Block to editable / locked (not editable)

/ Flight lines to follow the wind direction / to be manually manipulated

/ Color of the flight lines to light / dark

Click next to the block to move blocks up and down the list. Blocks at the top of the list appear

as the top-most blocks on the map.

To copy a block, select the block in the list or on the map and then click below the list. Copying a

block is useful if you need to scan the same area using different GSD and overlap values.

To remove a block that is no longer required, select the block and then click .

To rename a block, select the block in the list and then click on the block's name. You can now edit

the name.

A block can have the following status:

l No icon: Not flown

l Successfully mapped, log files downloaded and settings frozen

l Not successfully mapped and settings frozen

l Flown and waiting for post-flight checklist to be completed to determine if the block was

successfully mapped. Settings are frozen.

Note – Blocks with the status icon , or cannot be renamed, changed, or removed.

However, you can copy the block and then edit the copy.

GSD and height

The GSD (ground sample distance) field specifies the distance on the ground represented by each

pixel.

The default resolution is for the UX5 HP aerial imaging solution is 3.2 cm (1.3 ") when using the 15

mm lens, 2.0 cm (0.8 ") when using the 25 mm lens, and 1.3 cm (0.5 ") when using the 35 mm lens.

The smaller the value in the GSD field, the more detailed the images. You should always specify a

value equal to or smaller than the resolution required in the final orthophotos, after the images are

processed. If the value in the GSD field is larger than the final resolution required, then the images

acquired during the flight will not be detailed enough and the image processing software will need

to interpolate additional pixels. This will result in images that do not have the expected resolution.

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2   Planning a Project

The GSD field and the height at which the UX5 HP flies are linked. The higher the rover flies, the

larger the distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the

flight.

Height GSD (15 mm lens) GSD (25 mm lens) GSD (35 mm lens)

Minimum: 75 m (246 ft) 2.5 cm (1.0 ") 1.5 cm (0.6 ") 1.0 cm (0.4 ")

100 m (328 ft) 3.2 cm (1.3 ") 2.0 cm (0.8 ") 1.3 cm (0.5 ")

150 m (492 ft) 4.8 cm (1.9 ") 3.0 cm (1.2 ") 2.0 cm (0.8 ")

Maximum: 750 m (2460 ft) 23.9 cm (9.4 ") 15.0 cm (5.9 ") 10.0 cm (3.9 ")

Note –

l Take into account that the height can have an impact on the processed orthophoto due to

vignetting issues in the images. This occurs when using a:

– 15 mm lens and flying below 100 m (328 ft)

– 25 mm lens and flying below 130 m (427 ft)

– 35 mm lens and flying below 260 m (853 ft)

In these cases, Trimble strongly recommends correcting the images for vignetting using

software applications such as RawTherapee.

l The minimum and maximum heights given here are the limits for the system. Check the

minimum and maximum heights for your project site with your local Civil Aviation Authorities

(CAA) to ensure the system limits are within your local CAA limits. If they are not, you must fly

within your local CAA minimum and maximum height.

Image forward and side overlap

The default value of the overlap between images is 80%. Image overlap can range from 40% to 90%.

Note –

l Trimble does not recommend using an overlap of less than 80%, as it may prevent (large)

parts of the dataset being adjustable in the Trimble Business Center software due to the lack

of tie points, especially where the flight height was low or where the area contains trees or

other tall objects, or areas that lack texture.

l Take into account that an overlap of less than 80% can have an impact on the processed

orthophoto due to vignetting issues in the images. In this case, Trimble strongly recommends

correcting the images for vignetting using software applications such as RawTherapee.

By default the forward and side overlap values are linked, so that when one value changes,

the other value changes accordingly. To "break" the link so that the overlap values can be set

independently, click . To re-establish the link, click .

A higher overlap results in:

l better accuracy

l a higher density of flight lines on the area

l a higher number of images to process

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2   Planning a Project

l longer processing times for images

l longer flight duration for the same area

Select the overlap value for the block based on the accuracy, flight duration, and the number of

images you require.

Obstacle clearances

When defining a flight, you must ensure that block area at the flight height and the selected takeoff

and landing locations are clear of obstacles. Obstacle clearances for each stage of the flight are

shown below.

When you arrive at the site, visually check the takeoff and landing locations to ensure that the

selected locations are free of obstacles.

Obstacle clearances for takeoff

From 0 m (takeoff location) to 50 m: Within the first 50 m (164 ft), there must be a clear area free

of obstacles within 30° to the left and right of the launch direction.

From 50 m to 280 m: From the first 50 m (164 ft) and within 280 m (919 ft), obstacles must not

appear above the safety line determined by a 15° safety angle and within 25 m (82 ft) to the left and

right of the launch direction.

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Obstacle clearances for cruise flight

During cruise flight, no obstacles must appear between the cruise flight height and 25 m (82 ft)

below it:

Obstacle clearances for descent

When entering the landing orbit, no obstacles must appear with a 300 m (984 ft) radius of the

center of the orbit. Once the UX5 HP has descended 25 m from the cruise flight height, the required

obstacle-free area has a radius of 150 m (462 ft).

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Obstacle clearances for landing

Once you confirm the landing, the UX5 HP starts the final leg of the landing.

Along the final leg of the landing, there must be a clear area free of obstacles within 15 m to the left

and right of the landing direction.

In the final leg of the landing, no obstacles must appear in the yellow zone shown in the vertical

cross section of the landing. In addition, the landing location must be free of obstacles and meet

the minimum size indicated:

l Linear landing

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l Curved landing

During the final leg of the landing it is possible to click the Abort button (see Handling

emergencies during flight, page 92). To successfully abort the flight, extra clearances should be

taken into account:

l Linear landing abort clearance

l Curved landing abort clearance

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Defining the flights

To define flights, select the Flights tab.

Note – You must validate in the field any flights you have defined in the office.

The Flights tab, with three example flights, is shown below:

A flight can cover more than one block, and blocks can be linked to more than one flight.

Depending on the number and size of the blocks you have defined in the Blocks tab, you may need

several flights to cover all the blocks.

To add a flight, click . A new entry appears in the list.

A flight can have the following status:

l No icon: Not flown

l Flown and settings frozen

l Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen

Note – Flights with the status icon or cannot be renamed, changed, or removed. However,

you can copy the flight and then edit the copy.

To copy a flight, select the flight in the list and then click below the list. Copying a flight is useful if

you want to repeat a flight.

To remove a flight that is no longer required, select the flight and then click below the list.

Note – This removes the flight data stored on the Tablet for this flight.

To rename a flight, select the flight in the list and then click the flight name. You can now edit the

name.

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To define a flight, select the flight in the Flights tab and then work through each section below the

flight name.

For more information, see:

l Setting the takeoff parameters, page 39

l Setting the landing properties, page 40

l Adding blocks to the flight, page 42

l Managing flight settings, page 43

l Simulating the flight, page 44

Setting the takeoff parameters

1. To set the takeoff parameters, in the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click

beside Takeoff. A toolbar appears on top of the map.

2. To set the takeoff location, do one of the following:

l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop or Tablet software,

click and then click on the map to set the location. The takeoff pin appears on the map

with an arrow indicating the takeoff heading and shows the "Planned and not active"

status icon .

You can add as many takeoff locations as you want. Click to confirm the added

locations.

l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Tablet software, physically go to

the takeoff location and then click . If the location you want to fix lies within 10 m of a

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planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added

to the map. The takeoff pin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the takeoff

heading and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon .

You can fix as many takeoff locations as you want.

l Click the takeoff pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Takeoff properties to

select any defined location. The takeoff pin status changes to "Planned and active" or

"Fixed and active" .

Note – Each takeoff location comes with default parameters (for example, the heading is

set into the wind direction). If you change the heading, the takeoff location is updated

accordingly. If you use this location in another flight, the heading is set to the value of

the latest change in all flights where the location is used.

3. To set the takeoff heading, click the arrow next to the takeoff pin and rotate to change the

takeoff direction and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for

takeoff, page 34. By default, the takeoff heading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks

tab. Alternatively, enter the heading for the selected pin in the field.

The takeoff heading icon turns red when the takeoff direction differs by less than 135 degrees

from the wind direction.

Note – Always try to takeoff into the wind. This prevents a higher launch speed and a higher

risk of launch failures.

4. When the flight has a block linked to it, the takeoffroute is displayed. To edit the takeoffroute,

click and drag the waypoints on the map.

Tip – To use a left turn or a right turn to enter the block, click or in the block properties

in the Blocks tab. This setting also defines the first waypoint that the UX5 HP will fly to. The

takeoffroute is updated to match the type of turn selected.

5. To delete a takeoff location, click in the toolbar on top of the map and then from the map

select the takeoff pin that you want to remove. Click to confirm the deleted location.

Repeat this step to delete as many takeoff locations as required.

Setting the landing properties

For additionalsafety, the Aerial Imaging software enables you to change the landing parameters

during flight. For more information, see Changing the landing parameters during flight, page 88.

This can be useful if:

l The preferred landing location is unavailable due to a sudden obstacle in the landing clearance

zone.

l The wind direction changes during the flight and the alternative landing location is better

suited to the new conditions.

To set alternative landing parameters, first use the steps below for the preferred landing location

and then repeat the steps for the alternate landing location.

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To set landing properties:

1. In the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click beside Landing. A toolbar appears

on top of the map.

2. To set the landing location, do one of the following:

l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop or Tablet software,

click and then click on the map to set the location. The landing pin appears on the map

with an arrow indicating the landing heading and shows the "Planned and not active"

status icon .

You can add as many landing locations as you want. Click to confirm the added

locations.

l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Tablet software, physically go to

the landing location and then click . If the location you want to fix lies within 10 m of a

planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added

to the map. A landing pin with fixed status has an arrow indicating the landing heading

and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon .

You can fix as many landing locations as you want.

l Click the landing pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to

select any defined location. The landing pin status changes to "Planned and active" or

"Fixed and active" .

Note – Each landing location comes with default parameters (for example, the heading

is set into the wind direction). If you change the heading, the landing location is updated

accordingly. If you use this location in another flight, the heading is set to the value of

the latest change in all flights where the location is used.

3. To set the landing heading, tap the arrow next to the landing pin and rotate to change the

landing direction and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for

landing, page 36.

Alternatively, enter the heading for the selected pin in the field.

By default, the landing heading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks tab. To help you

define the landing heading in the field, zoom in on the map to the most detailed zoom level

and then walk into the heading with the GCS for about 20 to 30 meters. You willsee the GCS

location move on the screen. Now rotate the arrow and position the final leg of the landing

circuit over the center of the GCS icon on the map.

The landing heading icon turns red when the landing direction differs by less than 135 degrees

from the wind direction.

Note – Always try to land into the wind. This reduces the landing speed and reduces the risk

of damage to the UX5 HP.

4. Set the landing zone offset .

Valid values are from -25 m to +25 m (-82 ft to +82ft). A negative value means that the landing

location is lower than the takeoff location. The default value is 0 m, which means that the

takeoff and landing locations are at the same height.

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5. Set the landing type to a linear or curved landing, depending on the landing surface and

available clearances.

l The linear landing type requires less clearance and lands the UX5 HP on the ground more

quickly, but has a larger impact on the aircraft.

l The curved landing type requires larger clearances but reduces the impact on the aircraft

when it lands, and is especially suited for hard landing surfaces.

For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 36.

6. When the flight has a block linked to it, the landing route is displayed:

a. Set the landing entry to use a left or right turn, depending on which turning

direction provides better visibility and is furthest away from any obstacles (see Obstacle

clearances for landing, page 36).

b. To edit the landing route, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

7. To delete a landing location, click in the toolbar on top of the map and then from the map

select the landing pin that you want to remove. Click to confirm the deleted location.

Repeat this step to delete as many landing locations as required.

Adding blocks to the flight

1. To add blocks, in the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click tab click beside Add

blocks.

All blocks defined in the project are listed and are shown in the map. Only blocks that if added

will keep the flight time less than the maximum can be selected. For each block the status is

indicated on the map:

l No icon: Not scheduled

l Scheduled

l Successfully mapped, log files downloaded and settings frozen

l Flown and waiting for post-flight checklist to be completed to determine if the block

was successfully mapped. Settings are frozen.

2. From the map or the list, select one or more blocks to link to the flight.

Note – The order that you select the blocks from the list defines the sequence that the blocks

are flown, i.e. the first block selected is flown first, and so on.

The selected blocks are highlighted, and the flight lines and connection routes appear on the

map.

3. Click to confirm the selection.

The selected blocks appear in the list to the right between Takeoff and Landing, together with

the default connection types.

Note – A block can be linked to more than one flight. To remove blocks from a flight, deselect the

block in the list or the map.

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Managing flight settings

Flight route

If a flight will cover more than one block, the software automatically connects the last waypoint of

one block with the first waypoint of the next block. By default the connection is a straight line and is

displayed between the blocks in the flight properties in the Flights tab.

To change the connection type between blocks, click to the right of the connection type list

entry and then:

Click... For the UX5 HP to...

Fly straight to the first waypoint of the following block. If it did not yet reach the

height of this waypoint, it orbits up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the

height.

Orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height of the following block and

then fly straight to the first waypoint of the following block. This works if the height of

the next block is higher than the previous block.

Fly to the following block keeping the same height of the last waypoint of the previous

block and then orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint of

the block. This works if the height of the next block is higher than the previous block.

Fly to the following block keeping the same height of the last waypoint of the previous

block. This works if the height of the next block is the same as the height of the

previous block.

Fly straight to the first waypoint of the following block. If it did not yet reach the

height of this waypoint, it orbits down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the

height.

Fly to the following block keeping the same height of the last waypoint of the previous

block and then orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint

of that block. This works if the height of the next block is lower than the previous

block.

Orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height of the next block and

then fly straight to the first waypoint of that block. This works if the height of the next

block is lower than the previous block.

Note – The connection type cannot be changed ifsequential blocks have the same height.

To edit the line between blocks, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

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Communication timeout

To set the communication timeout, in the Flight tab click beside the flight and then click

beside Settings.

Enter a value in the communication timeout field between 20 seconds and 1800 seconds (30

minutes). The default value is 120 seconds (2 minutes).

Note – The country you are operating in may have regulations prescribing the minimum

communication timeout setting that you must use. Make sure you are aware of these and that

you use the regulated minimum setting for your location.

Changing the order that the blocks are flown

To change the sequence that blocks are flown, in the Flight tab click beside the flight and then

click next to the block to move the block up or down.

Viewing the flight contour

To view the flight contour, select the flight in the list and click . An area appears on the map that

indicates where the rover will fly, including a margin. This contour can be used to check obstacle

clearances.

Note – The flight contour is an estimate and does not take into account environmental factors,

such as wind, that could severely influence the actual flight path, or any manually initiated

emergency patterns and automatic failsafes.

Simulating the flight

After creating a flight, click to simulate the flight to check the following items:

l The UX5 HP uses the correct takeoff direction.

l The flight height, route, and turns used are all correct.

l The UX5 HP does not enter any avoidance zones.

l The UX5 HP uses the correct landing circuit.

Note – Be aware that the simulation is an estimate of the flight path. This is because the

simulation cannot take into account environmental factors, such as wind, during the actual flight.

Tip – The button is not available until you have exited the flight properties. To do this, click the

arrow to collapse the flight.

Exporting flight information

You can export the simulated flight trajectory, or the flight overview that you see at the beginning

of the flight checklist.

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Exporting the simulated flight trajectory

1. In the Flights screen, select the flight.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the output format:

l KML, Keyhole Markup Language to view the flight path.

l GPX, GPS Exchange Format to view the flight path and waypoints.

Both outputs can be viewed in software such as in Google Earth and can help you, for example,

to verify the obstacle clearances for the flight.

4. Click .

5. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the flight simulation, enter the file name and

then click Export.

The simulated flight trajectory is exported to the selected folder.

6. Click to close the Export wizard.

Exporting the flight overview

1. In the Flights screen, select the flight.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the output format:

l PDF, Portable Document Format.

l TXT, Text File Format.

4. Click .

5. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the flight overview, enter the file name and then

click Export.

The flight overview is exported to the selected folder.

6. Click to close the Export wizard.

Exporting the project

Note – This step is required if you did the project planning in the Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

You must complete this step so that you can import the project into the Aerial Imaging software

on the Tablet.

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the GWT output format. Click .

4. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the project, enter the file name and then click

Export.

The exported project is saved as a GWT file in the folder you selected.

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5. Click to close the Export wizard.

6. If the folder you exported the project to is not a network folder that the Tablet can access,

transfer the exported project to a USB stick and then transfer it to the Tablet.

7. To import the project to the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet, see Importing the project,

page 71.

Checking flight permissions and conditions

In the days before the flight, complete the following checks to make sure the flight can proceed.

Note – The use of unmanned aircraft in any national airspace system is regulated by the

applicable National Aviation Authority. The regulations for flying unmanned aircraft are subject to

change, sometimes without warning. It is the user’s responsibility to know and adhere to the

current laws for operating in the national airspace system. Trimble is not obliged to inform users

of changes to unmanned aircraft laws.

Trimble and Authorized Distribution Partners provide comprehensive training for the unmanned

aircraft system which includes recommended procedures to ensure the safety for the remote crew

members as well as the surrounding environment. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure safe

operations and adhere to safety and security measures required by the National Aviation

Authority. Trimble is not responsible for ensuring safe and secure operation of unmanned aircraft

by the user.

Checking flight permission

l Check if you need a permit to operate an unmanned aircraft in the airspace above the site.

l Make sure you understand the legal context for safe operation of an unmanned aircraft.

l Check for existing rules and standards with your local Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA).

l Make sure you have permission from the landowner.

l Make sure you have all other relevant permissions required for photography flights using

unmanned aircraft. In some countries you need permission from defense organizations, the

police, or a national geography institute to take pictures.

Checking weather

l In the days before the flight, check the TV weather broadcast or weather websites. This gives

you a good general idea of the weather for the next three to four days.

l For more accurate weather forecasts, consult and interpret aviation weather data through

various weather websites. You can also contact the national meteorological office or a local

meteorology office at an airport nearby.

l On the day of the flight, consult the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and METAR reports.

These are meteorological reports used in aviation.

l Make sure the weather conditions are within the operating limitations. See Operation

limitations, page 47.

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The table below shows the wind speed expressed in different units:

Bft km/h m/s kn SM

1 1-5 0.3-1.5 1-3 1-3

2 6-11 1.6-3.3 4-6 4-7

3 12-19 3.4-5.4 7-10 8-12

4 20-28 5.5-7.9 11-16 13-18

5 29-38 8.0-10.7 17-21 19-24

6 39-49 10.8-13.8 22-27 25-31

7 50-61 13.9-17.1 28-33 32-38

Operation limitations

The UX5 HP cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows the acceptable

range for different conditions.

Note – Your country of operation may have different or additional operational requirements.

Make sure you are familiar with the appropriate regulations for the country you are operating in.

If you are flying in the United States see also FAA conditions and limitations of operation, page

131.

CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable range stated, the operator should abort the

flight. Flying outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty. Trimble does

not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits.

Condition Acceptable range

Time Between sunrise and sunset

Distance from clouds Clear of clouds and always within line ofsight

Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400 ft)

Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight

Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy

showers

Head wind (for cruise flight) Maximum 55 kph (34 mph)

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Condition Acceptable range

Cross wind:

l For takeoff/landing Maximum 30 kph (19 mph)

l For cruise flight Maximum 55 kph (34 mph)

Gusts (for cruise flight) Maximum 15 kph (9 mph)

Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times

Temperature:

l Rover, including eBox and gBox -25 °C to +45 °C (-13 °F to 113 °F)

l Camera* 0 °C to +30 °C (32 °F to 86 °F)

l Battery* 0 °C to +30 °C (32 °F to 86 °F)

l Launcher* +10 °C to 45 °C (50 °F to 113 °F)

* Pre-flight conditioned temperature

Checking the site

Note – When checking the site you should refer to the relevant AIP and NOTAM documents for

your region.

l Identify the airspace and geographic environment of the site.

l Check the relevant aviation charts and make sure the flight area is not near any of the

following areas:

l Forbidden airspace

l Airports, airfields (except with prior permission)

l Power plants (except with prior permission)

l Check the relevant aviation charts and take special care around:

l Parachute and parasailing jumping areas

l Winch areas

l High-pressure gas-releasing units (documented in AIPs or NOTAMs)

l Congested areas (for example, towns)

l Check if there are other aerial or ground activities planned, for example major public events.

Checking the operator

l Make sure the operator is certified to operate the UX5 HP.

l Check if the operator needs any additional permits, such as a remote operator license, a radio

certificate for use of the 2-way radio for communication with air traffic control, and so on.

l Be aware that the operator has final responsibility for the operation of the UX5 HP and its

components.

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l Make sure the operator is in good condition, both physical and mental.

l Keep log files of the operator hours and equipment used for each flight.

Know your safe operating envelope

l Trimble recommends having a crew of two people that will control the UX5 HP: the operator

and the observer. They must be able to communicate at all times. Check your CAA regulations

to see if a two-person crew is mandatory.

l Make sure the crew understands the purpose and the phases of this particular project.

l Make sure the crew understands all aspects ofsafe operation of the UX5 HP. This includes:

l Understanding allsafety precautions described in the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging

Rover Safety Guide.

l Understanding how to handle emergencies during flight. See Handling emergencies during

flight, page 92.

l Understanding the particular requirements of the project and site, including avoidance

zones. See Designing a flight plan to meet the project requirements, page 21.

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Preparing Equipment

n Flight case contents

n Parts of the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover 

n Inserting the eBox and gBox

n Checking the launcher

n Checking the UX5 HP aerial imaging

rover

n Charging the UX5 HP batteries

n Charging the Tablet batteries

n Charging the camera batteries

n Checking the camera

n Inserting the camera

n Pairing the transmitter with the

tracking receiver

n Locating your equipment

As part of your flight preparation, make sure all

equipment is in good condition and

well-prepared.

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Flight case contents

When you receive your system components, unpack them and store them in the dedicated cavities

in the flight case.

Check off the components against the illustration below to ensure that you have all of the

components you need for a successful flight:

❶ Tablet, Tablet charger, modem and RF

antenna, download cables

❼ UX5 HP battery charger and charge cable

❷ Extra parts such as winglets, propellers ❽ Extra camera lenses

❸ Power strip, power cable and camera

battery charger

❾ Lens cleaning paper

❹ UX5 HP body, with camera, eBox, gBox,

and top cover

❿ Pre-moistened lens cloth

❺ UX5 HP battery ⓫ Pitot cover, tools, spare camera battery

and other optionalspare parts

❻ Tracker transmitter and receiver

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Note –

l Some components are small parts that are easily lost. To avoid this, as soon as you unpack

them:

l Insert the camera battery and SD card into the camera.

l Attach the GPS and RF antennas to the eBox. See Inserting the eBox and gBox, page 54.

l According to ICAO/IATA regulations, Lithium polymer batteries must be carried in hand

luggage when transporting the system by air.

l The following parts of the Trimble UX5 HP aerial imaging system are considered dual-use: the

eBox, Trimble Tablet and launcher. Dual-use goods are products and technologies normally

used for civilian purposes but which may have military applications. Under EU regulations,

controlled items may not leave the EU customs territory without an export authorization.

Additional restrictions are also in place concerning the provision of brokering services with

regard to dual-use items and concerning the transit ofsuch items through the EU. The same

is true when exporting goods from any country outside the EU to any other country outside

the EU.

Parts of the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover 

The main parts of the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover are shown below.

Top view

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❶ Aircraft body ❺ Pitot tube ❾ Elevon servo

❷ Leading edge ❻ GPS antenna ❿ GNSS antenna

❸ Payload bay (see below) ❼ Mode button ⓫ Inboard elevon

❹ eBox ❽ Download cable connector ⓬ Outboard elevon

Payload bay

The contents of the payload pay are:

❶ gBox ❹ gBox power & signal

cable

❻ GNSS antenna cable

❷ Camera ❺ Hot shoe cable ❼ Power cable

❸ Battery

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Bottom view

❶ Camera lens hole ❸ Motor ❺ Propeller

❷ Launcher slat ❹ Propeller nut ❻ Winglet

Inserting the eBox and gBox

The eBox and gBox are stored in the flight case.

To complete these steps you will need to unpack the UX5 HP body, the eBox, GPS antenna, RF

antenna, and gBox.

WARNING – Always disconnect the battery from the aircraft before inserting or removing the eBox or

gBox from the UX5 HP body. If the battery is still connected, you risk damaging the electronics. For

information on disconnecting the battery, see Removing the battery from the rover, page 61.

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Inserting the eBox

1. Attach the RF antenna to the underside of the eBox.

2. Attach the GPS antenna to the top side of the eBox.

3. Insert the eBox into the eBox cavity of the UX5 HP body, sliding the bottom end into the cavity

and then pressing down so that the power and signal connector on the rear plugs into the

connector in the UX5 HP body.

4. Insert the screw into the hole of the eBox and screw the eBox into place using a T10 Torx

screwdriver. The top cover of the eBox should be flush with the UX5 HP body.

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Inserting the gBox

1. As much as possible, loosen the Velcro strap in the payload bay around the position of the

gBox cavity.

2. Pull the power & signal cable and the GNSS antenna cable out of the ducts in the payload bay.

Do not use any sharp tools. To identify each cable, see Payload bay, page 53.

3. Connect the power & signal cable to the gBox.

CAUTION – The connector of the power & signal cable is fragile. Make sure to handle it with care.

4. Connect the GNSS antenna cable to the gBox and firmly tighten the connector using the

wrench provided with the gBox. Do not over-tighten. The wrench provided is designed to

prevent over-tightening.

5. Insert the cables back into the cable ducts. Do not use any sharp tools.

6. With the LEDs facing upward, insert the gBox into the payload bay of the UX5 HP body.

7. Secure the gBox using the Velcro strap.

Checking the launcher

1. Make sure the launch slider is in good condition, and the launch dock moves freely along the

slider. If the slider is damaged, contact your Trimble distributor.

2. Check the launcher cord is not worn, and make sure there is enough elastic in the cord when it

is stretched tight. If the cord must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcher in

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the list to the right and then select Replacing the launcher cord or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP

Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide.

3. Make sure the launch dock is in good condition. If it is damaged, contact your Trimble

distributor.

4. Make sure the launch dock wheels are in good condition and move freely. If they are worn and

must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcher in the list to the right and then

select Replacing the wheels of the launcher dock or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging

Solution Maintenance Guide.

Checking the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover

Thoroughly check the UX5 HP before each flight to make sure that it is undamaged from any

previous flight. Refer to the following sections:

l Check the body, page 57

l Check the pitot tube, page 58

l Check the winglets, page 58

l Check the propellers, page 58

l Check the drive unit, page 59

l Check the servos, page 59

Check the body

The body of the UX5 HP must be clean for flight. Dirt and gravel on the body decreases the lift and

increases the drag during flight.

1. Clean the body with a damp cloth.

CAUTION – Do not use high water pressure or a steel brush to clean the body of the rover. This

can damage the surface of the UX5 HP and affect the aerodynamics of the aircraft. Avoid the use

of solvents to clean the surface of the UX5 HP as they can negatively affect the materials. Always

use lukewarm water and a soft brush.

2. Check the body for cracks. If the body requires repair, contact your Trimble distributor.

3. Make sure there are no scratches on the camera filter. If the camera filter is damaged, click

in the Home screen, select Rover / UX5 HP and then select Replacing the camera filter or refer

to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide.

4. Make sure that the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. If not, gently tighten it,

taking care not to over-tighten it.

5. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera

filter. Make sure there are no specks of moisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality.

Note – Only use wipes that are specifically intended for cleaning camera lenses.

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Check the pitot tube

The pitot tube must be in perfect condition as it is used to measure the total air pressure during

flight.

1. Remove the pitot tube from the eBox.

2. Make sure the tube is not bent or broken.

3. Blow into the tube to make sure nothing is blocking it.

CAUTION – Only blow into the pitot tube after you have removed it from the eBox. Do not blow

into the pitot tube when it is connected to the eBox because this will damage the barometric

sensors.

4. If the pitot tube is blocked or damaged, click in the Home screen, select Rover / UX5 HP and

then select Checking the pitot tube or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution

Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Check the winglets

To prevent rollstability issues, the winglets must be firmly attached to the UX5 HP body.

1. Make sure the winglets are intact.

2. Make sure each winglet is firmly attached with two screws.

3. If the winglets are damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select Rover /

UX5 HP and then select Replacing a winglet or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging

Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Check the propellers

1. Make sure the propeller blades are intact.

2. Make sure the propeller blades are well-positioned.

3. Make sure each propeller blade is firmly attached.

4. If a propeller blade is damaged or not well-positioned, click in the Home screen, select

Rover / UX5 HP and then select Replacing a propeller blade or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP

Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

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Check the drive unit

Make sure the drive unit is:

l intact

l firmly attached

If the drive unit is damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select Rover / UX5

HP and then select Replacing the drive unit or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution

Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Check the servos

The servos must be in perfect condition as they steer the UAS. When checking the servos, make

sure that the servos:

l respond as expected

l are intact

l are firmly attached and flush with the surface of the wing

If a servo is damaged, click in the Home screen, select Rover / UX5 HP and then select Replacing

a servo or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in

doubt, contact your Trimble distributor.

Charging the UX5 HP batteries

Carefully read this section to familiarize yourself with charging and storing UX5 HP batteries.

Note – Before using the charger for the first time, make sure you are familiar with all battery

safety precautions, including emergency actions, safe battery disposal and transportation

requirements. See UX5 HP battery safety, page 121.

In this section:

l Charger overview, page 60

l Removing the battery from the rover, page 61

l Connecting the charger, page 61

l Charging the battery, page 63

l Storing the battery, page 63

l Disconnecting the battery, page 64

l Inserting the battery into the rover, page 64

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Charger overview

❶ Car battery power cable ❺ Cooling fins

❷ Power connector ❻ Charge output -

❸ Display ❼ Charge output +

❹ Operating keys ❽ Balance connector

Keys

Key Function

PROG/MODE l Toggle between the different charge programs. To change the program, press

and hold for two seconds. The following charge programs are available:

l LiPo/LiIo/LiFe manual

l Pb manual

l NiCd automatic

l NiMH automatic

l Toggle between screens within a charge program.

l Stop the charging.

DEC/INC Change the setting values. The following settings can be changed:

l Lithium type

l Voltage per cell

l Charge current

l Battery capacity

ENTER/START l Select a setting. The setting blinks when it is selected.

l Start the selected charging mode. Press and hold for two seconds to start

charging.

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Removing the battery from the rover

1. Remove the top cover from the UX5 HP body.

2. Disconnect the main power connector of the battery from the aircraft.

3. Loosen the Velcro straps and remove the battery from the battery compartment of the UX5

HP.

Connecting the charger

WARNING – Lithium polymer batteries are volatile. Failure to read and follow these instructions may

result in fire, personal injury, and damage to property if charged or used incorrectly.

To prevent injury or damage:

– Use only the charger specified to charge the battery.

– Use the charger to charge only UX5 HP batteries.

– Always check that the settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect

charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning and fire hazards.

– Always remove the battery from the rover body for charging or storing.

WARNING – Never leave the charger unattended during use. Failure to observe and operate the

charger properly can cause damage to the charger, battery, personal property and/or cause serious

personal injury.

WARNING – The maximum charging current for the UX5 HP battery is limited to 5 A. This value must

be lower than the maximum permissible current (6 A) for the battery. Incorrect battery charging

parameters can destroy your battery and cause it to catch fire or explode.

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1. If the battery is fitted in the rover, remove the battery from the rover body.

2. Connect the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger to one of the following:

l 11–15 V DC (vehicle battery)

l 100–240 V AC (power supply)

The charger powers on and displays the charge parameters.

3. Make sure the charger settings are correct. The parameters should be:

l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A 6600mAh

Press the Prog/Mode key to check the voltage per cell. When:

l Charging the battery for a flight, the voltage should be 4.20V/C

l Preparing the battery for storage, the voltage should be 3.90V/C

Press the Prog/Mode key to return to the main screen. If the settings shown are not correct,

change them using the steps below.

If the charge program is incorrect:

a. Press and hold the Prog/Mode key for two seconds to navigate through the charge

modes. Repeat this action until the charger screen shows "LiPo/LiIo/LiFe manual".

b. Press the Prog/Mode key and then press the DEC or INC key until the type is set to "LiPo".

c. Press the Prog/Mode key to return to the main screen.

To change the voltage per cell:

a. Press the Prog/Mode key to select the voltage per cellsetting. The entry "X.XXV/C" blinks.

Press the DEC or INC key to change the value until it is set to "4.20V/C" for charging or

"3.90V/C" for storing.

b. Press the Prog/Mode key to return to the main screen.

To change the charge current:

Press the Enter/Start key to select the charge current setting. The entry “C:x.xA” blinks. Press

the DEC or INC key to change the value until it shows "C:5.0A".

To change the battery capacity:

Press the Enter/Start key to select the battery capacity setting. The entry “xxxxmAh” blinks.

Press the DEC or INC key to change the value until it shows "6000mAh".

4. Connect the battery to the charger:

a. Connect the charge cable to the charger.

Note – The charge cable to use depends on the rover battery type. Make sure you select

the correct charge cable for the battery.

b. Connect the balance connector of the battery to the charger. Align the connector to the

right of the socket.

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c. Connect the charge cable of the charger to the charge connector on the battery.

Charging the battery

On the charger, press and hold the Enter/Start key for two seconds. The battery starts charging. If

an error occurs, a messge is displayed. For more information, see Battery charger errors, page 110.

To interrupt the charging process, press the Enter/Start key. The charger returns to the main

screen and displays the charge program. To resume charging, press the Enter/Start key for two

seconds.

When the battery is fully charged, the charger produces an audible signal and stops charging

automatically. The charger displays "END".

At typical room temperature it takes approximately 2 hours to charge a fully depleted battery.

Charging time will vary depending on remaining battery life and ambient temperature.

Storing the battery

WARNING – LiPo batteries should never be stored at full charge for more than a few hours.

Note – The charger can only charge a battery; it cannot discharge a battery.

On the charger, press and hold the Enter/Start key for two seconds. The battery starts charging to

the voltage level for safe and healthy storage.

Battery storage recommendations

Store the UX5 HP batteries in a cool, dry area (below 30 °C/86 °F) that is subject to little

temperature change. Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life.

Do not place batteries near heating equipment, nor expose to direct sunlight for long periods.

Do not store batteries above 60 °C (140 °F) or below -20 °C (-4 °F). Battery exposure to temperatures

in excess of 130 °C (266 °F) will result in the battery venting flammable liquid and gases.

Batteries should be separated from other materials and stored in a noncombustible, well

ventilated, sprinkler-protected structure with sufficient clearance between walls and battery stacks.

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3   Preparing Equipment

Disconnecting the battery

1. On the charger, press the Enter/Start key to put the charger in standby mode.

2. Disconnect the charge cable of the charger from the charge connector on the battery.

3. Disconnect the balancer connector of the battery from the charger.

Inserting the battery into the rover

1. Insert the battery into the battery compartment of the UX5 HP body and then tighten the

Velcro straps around it.

2. Connect the main power connector of the battery to the aircraft.

3. Fit the top cover to the UX5 HP body.

Charging the Tablet batteries

Charge the batteries according to the instructions provided in the documentation for your Tablet.

Note – Make sure you fully charge the Tablet batteries before leaving the office for a flight.

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Charging the camera batteries

Install the camera battery and charge the batteries according to the instructions provided in the

user documentation for the camera.

Note – Make sure you charge both camera batteries before leaving the office for a flight. Trimble

recommends always having a spare, fully-charged battery on hand.

Checking the camera

1. Make sure there are no scratches on the camera lens. If the camera lens is damaged, refer to

the maintenance procedures for the camera in the Maintenance screen or in the Trimble UX5

HP Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide. When in doubt, contact your Trimble

distributor.

2. When using a lens for the first time on a specific camera body, you must carefully assemble the

camera and adjust the camera focus. For more information, refer to the maintenance

procedures for the camera in the Maintenance screen.

3. The appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images are set by Trimble before the

camera is sent to you. However, before each flight, check the camera screen to make sure it

displays the correct icons.

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Checking the Sony a7R camera display

Note – The following image shows the main icons to check on the camera screen to ensure that

your camera settings are correct and you willsuccessfully capture images during the flight. If any

of these icons are not shown, or if you believe other camera settings have been changed, adjust

the settings back to the settings recommended by Trimble. For a list of all applicable camera

settings, see Sony a7R camera settings, page 117.

Icon Description

Shoot mode is set to shutter priority.

SD card is inserted.

Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 36M; image quality is set to Fine (all are

default settings).

Recording mode of movies is set to 50i FH.

Steady shot is set to Off.

Battery icon shows 100%.

Drive mode is set to Single Shooting.

Metering mode is set to Multi (the default).

Focus area is set to Center.

Focus mode is set to Manual.

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Icon Description

Face detection is set to Off.

White balance is set to AWB (the default).

For the NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting

brightness/color settings for the NIR camera, page 67.

Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default).

Creative style is set to Standard (the default).

Picture effect is set to Off (the default).

Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above.

± 0.0

When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is set to +1.0 for the B+W 040

(orange) filter

ISO is set to Auto (the default).

Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera

To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the

brightness/color settings as follows:

1. On the camera, select Menu / / 4 / White Balance. Press the central button of the control

wheel and then select Custom Setup. Press the central button of the control wheel to confirm.

2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filter you will use in front of the lens, while

aiming the central circle of the lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of

paper.

3. Press the central button of the control wheel.

The custom White Balance values appear. Ignore the error message ("Custom WB Error") – this

message appears because the camera has been changed to an NIR camera in the factory.

4. Select the register to save the settings in. By default, register 1 is selected. Press the central

button of the control wheel to confirm.

5. The color infra-red (CIR) display on the camera appears. When using the B+W 040 (orange)

filter, vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

Inserting the camera

The camera and lens are stored in the flight case.

1. Screw the lens onto the camera body and adjust the camera focus. For more information,

refer to the maintenance procedures for the camera in the Maintenance screen or in the

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide.

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3   Preparing Equipment

2. Loosen the Velcro strap in the payload bay of the UX5 HP body and insert the camera into the

payload bay.

3. Connect the hot shoe connector to the hot shoe of the camera.

4. Secure the camera using the Velcro strap.

Note – After inserting and securing the camera, check the shutter speed and the exposure

compensation dial (which should be set to 0) as the settings control might have spun and

changed the setting.

Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver

Note – You must complete this step only once, before using the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover for

the first time.

To track down the UX5 HP aerial imaging rover fitted with a transmitter, the transmitter ID must

first be stored in the memory of the receiver.

1. Press and hold the Power key for three seconds to turn on the receiver.

2. Press the MENU/OK key to enter the menu.

3. Use the navigation keys to select TRANSMITTER. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm.

4. Use the navigation keys to select ADD. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm.

5. Use the navigation keys to enter the missing digits of the frequency of the transmitter. Confirm

each digit using the MENU/OK key.

6. Follow the steps on the screen of the receiver to calibrate the transmitter.

7. Once the calibration is done, you are prompted to enter a name for the transmitter.

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8. Use the navigation keys to enter the name you want to use for the transmitter. Confirm each

letter using the MENU/OK key.

The receiver is now able to communicate with the transmitter.

Locating your equipment

Before you head out to the field:

1. Make sure the flight case contains all of the required items. For more information, see Flight

case contents, page 51.

2. If you will be doing several flights before returning to the office, make sure you have one of the

following:

l an externalstorage device such as a laptop for transferring images to after each flight

l a USB to SD card reader for transferring images to the Tablet after each flight

l an SD card for each flight

Note – Trimble recommends using a San Disk Extreme SDHC UHS-I card with a minimum

write speed of 60 MB/s and a minimum capacity of 64 GB.

3. Make sure the launcher bag contains the

following items:

l safety pin

l launch dock with lock pin

l V-support

l crank

l launch slide with elastics

l Trimble UX5 & UX5 HP Launcher Quick

Start Guide

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Completing a Flight

n Importing the project

n Keeping an eye on the weather

n Validating the blocks

n Validating the flights

n Completing the flight checklist

n Monitoring the flight

n Landing the UX5 HP 

n Completing the post-flight checklist

n Disassembling the launcher

This chapter describes the tasks required in the

field to complete a successful flight with good

image data.

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4   Completing a Flight

Importing the project

Note – This step is required if you did the project planning in the Aerial Imaging Desktop software

and then exported the project so that you can view it on the Tablet.

1. In the Home screen or the Projects screen, tap .

2. Navigate to the location of the GWT file you exported from the Aerial Imaging Desktop

software (see Exporting the project, page 45), select it and then tap Import.

The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears.

3. Select the project and then click to open the project and view the Map layers screen.

Keeping an eye on the weather

On the day of the flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable for flight. Pay

particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed.

If there are sudden weather changes before the flight, you must act quickly. Different weather

changes and the recommended action are described below.

Weather change Action

The wind direction changes before the flight. If possible, change the wind direction in the

Blocks tab to align the flight lines perpendicular

to the wind direction.

Reposition the launcher and then update the

takeoff and landing heading in the flight plan.

One of the following weather phenomena

occurs before the flight:

l Strong wind

l Heavy rain, hail

l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind of

whirlwind

l Thunder and lightening

l Snow

Cancel the on-site operations.

If there are sudden weather changes when the UX5 HP is in the air, see Dealing with sudden

weather changes during flight, page 87.

Validating the blocks

Tap the Blocks tab and make any changes to the blocks, ifrequired. Pay special attention to the

actual wind direction, which will influence the wind direction you have set in the software and

possibly the flight time. For more information, see Defining the blocks, page 28.

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Validating the flights

1. When you arrive on-site, examine the flight area to:

l Check for obstacles in the flight area. Obstacles are objects such as trees, buildings,

antennas, power lines, and water that the UX5 HP could fly into or land on.

l Make sure you will be able to maintain a visual line ofsight to the UX5 HP throughout the

flight.

l Identify a good takeoff and landing location.

l Check the landing surface and obstacle clearances to make sure the most suitable landing

type is selected.

For more information, see Obstacle clearances, page 34.

Repeat for each location that you consider as an alternative landing location.

Note – If you choose to check alternative landing locations during flight, be aware that this

takes more time and keeps your attention from the flight.

2. Tap the Flight tab and make any changes to the flights, ifrequired. For more information, see

Defining the flights, page 38.

3. Make sure that the selected takeoff and landing locations are fixed to GPS. To fix the location,

physically go to the location, tap beside Takeoff or Landing and then click in the toolbar.

Repeat for each landing location that you consider as an alternative location.

Note – If you choose to check alternative landing locations during flight, be aware that this

takes more time and keeps your attention from the flight.

4. In the Flights screen, select the flight you will complete and then tap the Flight checklist

tab.

Completing the flight checklist

The flight checklist starts with an overview of the flight that you have selected and will execute.

Use each step of the flight checklist to prepare the equipment for flight. The flight checklist guides

you through each step.

Note – More information about the steps that require special care is given in the following

sections. Read these sections carefully until you are familiar with all of the tasks required to

perform these steps.

l Selecting the operating mode, page 73

l Configuring the operation mode settings, page 73

l Connecting the modem, page 73

l Connecting the battery, page 74

l Checking the rover and sensor type, page 74

l Checking the gBox status, page 74

l Entering the serial number of the lens, page 74

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l Preparing the camera, page 75

l Inserting the camera, page 75

l Checking the camera trigger and shutter feedback, page 75

l Inserting the tracker transmitter, page 76

l Closing the payload bay, page 76

l Covering the pitot tube, page 76

l Checking the elevon trim, page 76

l Checking the elevon response, page 76

l Assembling the launcher, page 76

l Placing the UX5 HP onto the launcher, page 81

l Initializing, page 81

l Removing the pitot cover, page 81

l Checking the airspeed response, page 82

l Positioning the propellers, page 82

l Tightening the launcher cord elastics, page 82

l Verifying the position of the aircraft on the launcher, page 83

l Removing the safety pin, page 83

l Arming the system, page 84

l Launching the UX5 HP, page 85

Selecting the operating mode

Options are:

l PPK using a local base station

l PPK using a network reference station

l No PPK

Configuring the operation mode settings

If you have chosen to use PPK with a local base station, the software reminds you to set up the

local base station in the field.

If you have chosen not to use PPK, the software reminds you to get the ground control points in

the field.

Connecting the modem

If you have not yet connected the modem:

1. Attach the antenna to the modem.

2. Attach the modem and antenna to the back of the Tablet.

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4   Completing a Flight

3. Insert the modem cable into the USB port on the Tablet.

4. Tap to prompt the software to check if the modem is connected.

When the connection to the modem is established, the software automatically moves to the next

step in the flight checklist.

Connecting the battery

If you have not yet connected the battery:

1. Insert a fully charged battery into the battery compartment of the rover. Secure the battery

using the Velcro straps.

2. Connect the main power connector on the battery to the power connector in the aircraft.

Once the battery is connected, the eBox goes from Off mode to On mode (see eBox LED status,

page 111).

Tap to prompt the software to connect with the autopilot and to check the rover and

sensor type.

Note – If after this step you are prompted to update the eBox firmware, see Updating the

firmware , page 12.

Checking the rover and sensor type

The software automatically checks if the rover and camera type that you are using corresponds

with the rover and camera type selected during project planning.

When the rover and sensor type are correct, the software automatically moves to the next step in

the flight checklist.

If the check is not successful, an error message appears. When you accept the message, the

checklist is canceled. To continue with the project, update the project plan or use the correct rover

and/or sensor.

Checking the gBox status

Make sure that the gBox is powered on and is locked with enough satellites

The gBox is powered on when it has a steady or very slow blinking green LED.

The gBox is locked with more than 4 satellites when the orange LED is slowly blinking.

If the LED has a different status, see gBox LED status, page 111.

When you have checked the status and confirm that it is OK, the is enabled.

Entering the serial number of the lens

Your lens is uniquely identified with a serial number. Enter the serial number of the lens in the text

field and tap . The software checks if the lens that you are using corresponds with the one

selected in project planning.

If the check is not successful, cancel the checklist and either update the project plan or use the

correct size of lens.

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4   Completing a Flight

Preparing the camera

1. Insert an empty SD card into the camera.

2. Turn on the camera and check the camera screen to make sure it displays the icons described

in Checking the camera, page 65.

3. Make sure the lens settings are appropriate for the weather conditions:

ISO Auto

Aperture

ring

The aperture ring should always be set to:

l f/4.5 for 15 mm

l f/5.6 for 25 and 35 mm

Focus ring When using the camera for the first time, the camera focus should be carefully

adjusted. For more information, refer to the maintenance procedures for the

camera in the Maintenance screen or in the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging

Solution Maintenance Guide.

Shutter

speed

1/1000 to 1/8000

The software recommends a minimum shutter speed based on the size of the

lens and the flight height. If the flight has multiple blocks with different flight

heights, the lowest height is used.

Always take a picture before the flight to ensure that the picture is not over- or

underexposed. If the picture does not look right, adjust the shutter speed.

4. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera

lens. Make sure there are no specks of moisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality.

Note – Only use wipes that are specifically intended for cleaning camera lenses.

5. Make sure the camera filter in the UX5 HP body is also clean and that the camera filter is tightly

screwed into the body. If not, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it.

Inserting the camera

Insert the camera into the camera cavity of the payload bay. Connect the hot shoe cable in the

rover to the hot shoe of the camera. Secure the camera using the Velcro straps.

For more information, see Inserting the camera, page 67.

Note – After inserting and securing the camera, check the shutter speed and the exposure

compensation dial (which should be set to 0) as the settings control might have spun and

changed the setting.

Checking the camera trigger and shutter feedback

In the Aerial Imaging software, tap . Make sure that you hear the trigger sound from the camera

and observe one red LED flash from the gBox.

When the checks are successful, the button is enabled.

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Inserting the tracker transmitter

1. Turn on the tracker transmitter.

2. Make sure that you can hear the transmitter using the tracker receiver.

3. Insert the tracker transmitter into the body of the rover.

Closing the payload bay

Attach the top cover to the payload bay and make sure it is secure.

Covering the pitot tube

Put the pitot tube cover on the pitot tube. Check the value in the black arrow at the left of the

artificial horizon in the status panel of the Aerial Imaging software and make sure the current

airspeed is below 20 kph (12.4 mph).

Checking the elevon trim

Make sure that the outboard elevons are leveled with the inboard elevons (the inboard elevons are

fixed). The accuracy should be less than 1 mm.

WARNING – When handling the UX5 HP, make sure that the elevons can move freely and are not

obstructed in any way. Impaired movement of the elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up.

Checking the elevon response

Tap the Move/Stop elevon button in the Aerial Imaging software and watch the elevons on the

rover. Make sure the elevons move fluently and in unison.

WARNING – When handling the UX5 HP, make sure that the elevons can move freely and are not

obstructed in any way. Impaired movement of the elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up.

When the elevon response is checked, the button is enabled.

Assembling the launcher

1. Unfold the launch slide.

CAUTION – Take care when unfolding the launch slide as there are sharp edges that can cause

finger cuts.

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4   Completing a Flight

2. Secure each section of the launch slide by lifting the appropriate handle and hooking it into the

next section of the launch slide. Close the handles.

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4   Completing a Flight

3. Unfold and secure the V-support with the lock pin.

To attach the V-support to the launch slide, make sure the knob is pointing to the left and then

insert the V-support pins in the reserved holes, situated approximately 2/3 of the length of the

launch slide. Turn the knob to the right to tighten.

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4   Completing a Flight

4. Pull the ends of the launcher cord out of the launch slide so that the cord lies on top of the

launch slide.

Note – If the launcher cord is blocked while the elastics are not tightened, pull the release

handles upward to unblock them.

CAUTION – Never push the release handles when there is tension on the launcher cord. You will

damage the elastics. If there is tension on the cord, insert the crank onto the nut located toward

the front end of the launcher and use the crank to very gently release the force. At the same

time, pull the release handles gently upward. This is safest done with two people, with one

person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

5. Position the launch dock on the end of the launch slide with the tabs on the launch dock

pointing toward the direction of launch.

6. Slide the launch dock over the ends of the launcher cord.

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7. To attach the ends of the launcher cord to the launch dock, remove the lock pin from the

launch dock and then slide the lock pin through the holes in the launch dock, attaching the

ends of the launch cord as you do so. Secure the lock pin.

8. Slide the launch dock over the launch hook at the beginning of the launch slide, making sure

the launch dock clicks into position. Make sure the trigger is not blocked.

9. Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.

WARNING – Always keep the safety pin inserted in the launch dock. Remove the safety pin only

just before launch. Early removal of the safety pin can result in accidental release of the

launcher, causing serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 HP or launcher.

CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 HP sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch

dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 HP sitting on the

launch dock.

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10. Position the launcher at the planned takeoff location, with the launch direction pointing into

the takeoff direction you have indicated in the software.

11. Make sure the takeoff location is free of obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle

clearances, page 34.

Placing the UX5 HP onto the launcher

1. Position the UX5 HP at the front of the launch dock and use your finger tips to guide the

launcher slats on the underside of the UX5 HP onto the lips of the launch dock.

2. Use the artificial horizon indicator in the Aerial Imaging software to check the pitch and roll of

the UX5 HP on the launch dock. The pitch angle should be between 20° and 30° and the roll

angle should be between -5° and 5°. The horizon should be positioned parallel to the UX5 HP

on the artificial horizon indicator. If you need to adjust the horizon, reposition the launcher.

Initializing

At this step in the flight checklist, the eBox initializes. It must acquire lock on at least 4 usable GPS

satellites. The GPS receiver in the eBox determines the usability of the satellites, based on the

characteristics of each satellite.

Removing the pitot cover

Remove the cover from the pitot tube.

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Checking the airspeed response

Press and hold the pitot tube for no more than 5 seconds. Make sure that the value in the black

arrow at the left of the artificial horizon in the status panel of the Aerial Imaging software changes.

The airspeed should reach at least 50 kph (31 mph).

Positioning the propellers

1. Check the position of the propellers on the rover and make sure they are pointing backward as

shown in the Aerial Imaging software.

2. If the propellers are not positioned correctly, carefully adjust them.

WARNING – Always take care when touching the propeller blades. If the rover receives a sudden

shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact

with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Tightening the launcher cord elastics

1. Insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end of the launch slide.

2. Stretch the launcher cord using the crank. In normal circumstances, the node between the

cord and elastic should be in the middle of the hole numbered "4" on the launcher.

CAUTION – The launcher cord stretches with every launch. When you can easily reach the last

hole when tightening the cord, replace the launcher cord to prevent unsuccessful launches and

damage to the launcher or the UX5 HP. For more information, refer to the maintenance

procedures in the Maintenance screen, or refer to the Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution

Maintenance Guide.

3. Remove the crank.

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Verifying the position of the aircraft on the launcher

WARNING – Take care to ensure the UX5 HP is correctly positioned on the launch dock. An incorrect

position can result in launch failure, causing serious personal injury and damage to the rover or

launcher.

Removing the safety pin

To remove the safety pin, position yourself behind the launcher, reach carefully under the UX5 HP

and then pull out the safety pin.

WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. If the UX5 HP receives a

sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move.

Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

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Arming the system

This step of the flight checklist verifies if the system is ready for launch. If there is an issue with any

of the launch values, a message appears.

A warning message appears if the:

l UX5 HP battery life is less than 75%.

l Tablet battery life is less than 90 minutes.

l number ofsatellites is between 4 and 8.

l rover pitch and roll values are not within the desired range.

The system will not allow you to arm if the following errors are reported:

l The eBox is not in the correct state.

l GPS signal is not OK.

l Takeoffsensor is not OK (this means that the yaw, pitch, and roll values are not yet stabilized).

l Takeoffstatus is not OK.

l Datalogging has not started.

l The GCS has no GPS connection.

To arm the system, tap ARM. The software shows the Dashboard tab where you can monitor the

flight telemetry and follow the launch of the rover.

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Launching the UX5 HP

1. Just before launch, perform the following safety checks:

a. Make sure there are no aerial objects inside the zone of operation.

b. Make sure you have a clear line ofsight to the UX5 HP.

c. Make sure there are no obstacles or people near the front of the launcher.

WARNING – Make sure you complete each of the safety checks listed at this step. Failure to do

so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 HP or launcher.

2. When you have made sure that everything is clear in front of, above, and behind the launcher,

stand behind the launcher and press the launch handle to launch the UX5 HP.

CAUTION – Never launch without the UX5 HP sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch

dock. The design of the launcher takes into account the weight of the UX5 HP sitting on the

launch dock.

3. If an obstacle such as a person or animal suddenly appears in the obstacle clearance

zone during takeoff, tap in the Aerial Imaging software. The UX5 HP immediately powers

down and returns to the ground. For more information, see Emergency software commands,

page 89.

After launch, the UX5 HP flies to the first waypoint, which is highlighted on the map in the

Dashboard tab. If the UX5 HP is not yet at the flight height when it reaches this point, it climbs

in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches the desired height.

4. After launch, release the tension on the launcher cord elastics. Leaving tension on the launcher

cord elastics for extended periods can damage the elastics.

To release the tension, release the force with the crank very gently while pulling the release

handles in the front of the launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one

person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

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Monitoring the flight

CAUTION – It is your responsibility to take action during flight when the safety of the rover or its

surroundings is compromised. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the rover at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the rover and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Keep an eye on changing weather conditions.

– Locate the rover on the Tablet screen.

– Monitor the flight telemetry on the Tablet screen.

Note – For information on the appropriate action to take if you see an oncoming aerial object at

any point during the flight, see Handling emergencies during flight, page 92.

After takeoff, the rover climbs to the specified cruise height.

Once the rover has passed its first waypoint, the second waypoint is initiated. From this point, the

rover follows the preprogrammed flight path.

The Dashboard tab with an example flight is shown below:

You must use the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet to monitor the rover during the entire

flight:

l The trajectory of the rover on the map must be close to the programmed flight path.

l Monitor the strength of the communication link .

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l Monitor the number of usable satellites .

l No signal: No GPS lock (0–3 satellites)

l 1 signal line: 4–6 satellites

l 2 signal lines: 7 or more satellites

l Monitor the level of power in the UX5 HP battery. In the battery status bar , the value is

expressed as a percentage and as time remaining in minutes.

l Compare the actual flight height with the desired flight height set during block and flight

planning.

l Compare the actual airspeed with the desired airspeed, which is 85 kph (53 mph) during cruise

flight. The actual airspeed can be higher than the desired speed when the UX5 HP is coping

with a high head wind. The maximum airspeed is 90 kph (56 mph).

l Monitor the throttle. The throttle should be around 40% during cruise flight in normal

conditions.

l Monitor the software for in-flight warnings and errors such as loss of GPS lock and loss of

communication link. For more information on these warnings and the appropriate action to

take, see Failsafes during flight, page 88 and System errors and warnings, page 105.

l Monitor the number of flight lines flown against the total number of flight lines (displayed in

the status line below the map).

l Monitor the number of eBox feedback events against the number of trigger commands

(displayed in the status line below the map).

Dealing with sudden weather changes during flight

On the day of the flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable for flight. Pay

particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed.

If there are sudden weather changes during the flight, you must act quickly. Different weather

changes and the recommended action are described below.

Weather change Action

The wind direction changes during the flight. Change the landing heading in flight or select an

alternative landing location, if it is more suited.

See Changing the landing parameters during

flight, page 88.

One of the following weather phenomena

occurs during the flight:

l Strong wind

l Heavy rain, hail

l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind of

whirlwind

l Thunder and lightening

l Snow

Land the UX5 HP as quickly as possible.

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Changing the landing parameters during flight

If conditions change during the flight, it may be advisable to alter the landing parameters set in the

flight plan while the UX5 HP is still in flight.

Note – Once you confirm the landing, you cannot change the landing parameters.

To change the landing parameters during flight:

1. Select the Flights tab. The Flights tab shows the landing properties for the flight.

2. Depending on the situation, do one of the following:

l If the wind direction has changed and the landing clearances are not jeopardized, rotate

the landing heading of the current landing accordingly.

l If there is a sudden obstacle in the clearance zone of the current landing and you have

defined an alternative landing location that is clear from obstacles, tap the landing pin

on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to select this location.

Adapt the landing heading according to the actual wind direction.

Note – For the current and any alternative landing setup, it is possible to change any other

parameters. However, this requires more effort and time which you may not have. Make sure

that if you change the landing location, the location is GPS fixed.

For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 36.

Failsafes during flight

The following failsafe mechanisms activate when a technical issue occurs that reduces the safe

behavior of the rover:

l Loss of GPS lock during flight

l Loss of communication link during flight

l Overspeed protection

Loss of GPS lock during flight

If the rover does not receive GPS communications for a period of 4 seconds, then a notification

appears on the Tablet, and the following automatic failsafe mechanism is activated:

1. The rover banks at an angle of 25° while orbiting at its current location for 20 seconds. If the

rover successfully reacquires GPS lock, then it flies to the specified landing location and begins

a normal landing sequence.

2. If the rover is unable to reacquire GPS lock, then it activates the Flight Termination System

(FTS). During FTS:

a. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph).

b. The rover orbits down in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of 10 m (33

ft).

Note – During FTS without GPS lock, the rover attempts to circle but the outcome is

elliptical circles as the rover is subject to wind drift.

c. The rover levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground.

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Loss of communication link during flight

If the rover does not receive a communication packet for the time specified in the Communication

timeout field in the Autopilot settings group of the Settings screen, or if the communication link is

poor and communication packets are being received intermittently, then a notification appears on

the Tablet and the rover flies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing

sequence.

Unlike a normal landing, you are not prompted to confirm landing before the final leg of the

landing. An audible sound indicates that the UX5 HP is about to land.

If communication resumes during this automatic failsafe mechanism, the rover continues the

landing sequence.

Overspeed protection

If the rover detects a steep and fast decline, it will maximize drag to minimize the impact on the

ground. The aircraft will descend in a "flat-spin"-like flight trajectory.

Emergency software commands

The Dashboard tab of the Aerial Imaging software provides several buttons that enable you to

manually interrupt the pre-programmed flight plan while the rover is in the air. Use these

commands to take evasive action ifrequired.

Note –

l Tapping any button in this screen overrides any previous command, including any previous

button press in this screen. If you initiate an emergency command and then initiate a second

emergency command before the first command is completed, the rover immediately

terminates the first command without completing it and begins the second command.

l The only button available when the UX5 HP is below 50 m (164 ft) during takeoff is .

Land

Use the button when the flight must be terminated and there is time and space for a

pre-planned landing.

When you tap , the rover immediately terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing

sequence. It flies at the desired flight height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984 ft) from

the landing location. If the Land command is initiated during the transition between blocks which

are at different heights, the desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the flight height

of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while descending.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while ascending.

When the aircraft has reached the landing entry point but is not yet at a height of 75 m (246 ft) + the

landing offset, it starts circling downward in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height

of 75 m (246 ft) + the landing offset. The aircraft then orbits until you do one of the following:

l To complete the landing, tap in the message box on the map. The aircraft finishes circling

when all landing conditions are met and then it starts the final leg of the landing.

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l To release the Land command, tap the button again. The aircraft returns to the start of the

flight line it was on when the flight plan was interrupted, and resumes mapping when it

reaches the point that mapping paused.

Fly to

Use the button to move the rover from its current position to a location you choose.

To enable the button, tap the location on the map that you want the rover to move to. When

you tap , the rover flies to the specified location and then orbits there at the desired flight height

in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Fly to command is initiated during the

transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desired flight height is the height of

the next block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while descending. If

the desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles downward

until the desired height is reached.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while ascending. If

the desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles upward until

the desired height is reached.

When in the Fly to pattern, you can adjust the rover's desired flight height by 10 m (32 ft) up or

down, ifrequired. The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or

higher than 750 m (2460 ft).

To release the Fly to command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight

height it was at before the Fly to pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes

mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Note – If you tap the map again while the rover is in the Fly to pattern, tap in the message box

on the map to fly to the new location on the map.

Hold

Use the button when another aircraft in the vicinity is observed.

When you tap , the rover begins orbiting its current location at the desired flight height in 200 m

(656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Hold command is initiated during the transition

between blocks which are at different heights, the desired flight height is the height of the next

block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft circles downward until it reaches the height of the

next block.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft circles upward until it reaches the height of the

next block.

When in the Hold pattern, you can adjust the rover's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down , if

required. The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or higher than

750 m (2460 ft).

To release the Hold command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight

height it was at before the Hold pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes

mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

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Here

Use the button when the rover must be removed from the general area of mapping and you

want to have it within close sight.

When you tap , the rover immediately flies to the location of the ground controlstation (GCS)

and orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If

the Here command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights,

the desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while descending. If the

desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles downward until the

desired height is reached.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while ascending. If the

desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles upward until the

desired height is reached.

When in the Here pattern, you can adjust the rover's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired.

The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or higher than 750 m (2460

ft).

To release the Here command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight

height it was at before the Here pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes

mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Right

Use the button when you want to move the rover rightward from its current position but have it

close to its current location.

When you tap , the rover flies 300 m (984 ft) to the right of the current heading and then orbits

there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Right

command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the

desired flight height is the height of the next block. If the flight height of the next block is:

l lower than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while descending. If the desired

height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired

height is reached.

l higher than the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while ascending. If the desired

height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired

height is reached.

When in the Right pattern, you can adjust the rover's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired.

The software does not allow the height to be set lower than 75 m (246 ft) or higher than 750 m (2460

ft).

To release the Right command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight

height it was at before the Right pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes

mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

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FTS

Activate the Flight Termination System (FTS) when the UX5 HP must be removed from the air as

quickly as possible. The button can be used during takeoff, cruise flight, and landing.

To activate the FTS, tap and if prompted, confirm FTS activation in the message box on the map.

Note –

l If you do not tap in the message box, the UX5 HP continues the flight.

l Confirmation is always required, except during takeoff when the UX5 HP is still below 25 m (82

ft).

The rover immediately aborts the flight. During cruise flight, this involves:

1. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph).

2. The rover orbits down in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of 10 m (33 ft).

3. The rover levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground.

If you activate FTS when the rover is at a height of less than 25 m (82 ft) – that is, during takeoff or

landing – then the rover slows to 60 kph (37 mph) and flies downward in a straight line at the

current heading until it glides to the ground.

Abort

Note – The button is available only during the final leg of the landing when the aircraft is more

than 15 m (49 ft) above ground. Make sure you consider the obstacle clearances for the Abort

manoeuvre before you tap . For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page

36.

Use the button to abort the landing.

When you tap , the rover climbs to 75 m (246 ft) in the direction of the landing heading and then

turns to the landing entry point to start the landing circuit again.

To land you must tap in the message box on the map again.

Handling emergencies during flight

This topic describes typical emergency scenarios that may occur when the UX5 HP is in flight. For all

scenarios, you must assess the situation before taking action. Take into account your location (that

is, the location of the GCS) and the current location, course, and speed of the UX5 HP.

Note – If the situation is too critical (for example, fast moving aircraft) tap and when

prompted confirm Flight Termination System (FTS) activation to immediately abort the flight

and put the UX5 HP in an orbit toward the ground.

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An approaching aircraft

The most common emergencies involve another aircraft entering the vicinity at approximately the

same height as the UX5 HP.

Scenario Action

The approaching aircraft will not

cross the flight path of the UX5 HP.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap , , , or to move the UX5 HP to a safe

position.

The flight path of the approaching

aircraft and the UX5 HP are

converging.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 HP to a safe position.

The flight path of the approaching

aircraft is diverging from the flight

path of the UX5 HP.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap , , or to move the UX5 HP to a safe

position.

The flight path of the approaching

aircraft is intercepting the flight path

of the UX5 HP.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 HP to a safe position. (An

aircraft intending to overtake an aircraft in front of

them overtakes that plane on the right side.)

The approaching aircraft is

approaching the UX5 HP head-on.

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to move the UX5 HP to a safe position.

The approaching aircraft intends to

land.

A landing aircraft has priority over an UX5 HP at all times.

Never assume that the aircraft has noticed the UX5 HP.

Take the necessary safety measures depending on the

situation.

When the other aircraft has left the vicinity, tap the emergency button again to cancel the pattern

and continue mapping.

Occasionally other objects such as birds enter the zone of operation. Assess the situation and try to

avoid collisions using the methods described above. If a collision does occur, immediately tap in

the Aerial Imaging software and if prompted, confirm FTS activation to abort the flight. Once the

UX5 HP has landed, carefully check equipment for damage.

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Other types of emergency

In case of other types of emergency, take the recommended action.

Scenario Action

Engine failure is rare but may occur.

The following parameters in the Aerial

Imaging software indicate engine

failure:

l Altimeter decreases

l Battery voltage increases

l Throttle percentage increases

until 100%

1. Assess the situation.

2. Tap to immediately terminate the flight.

If no button is tapped, the UX5 HP glides downward,

following the flight plan.

Aerial Imaging software freezes or

crashes on the GCS when the UX5 HP

is in the air.

Immediately restart the software. If you are unable to

restart the software, restart the GCS and then restart the

Aerial Imaging software.

After restarting the software:

1. The software detects if the rover is in the air and a

message asks if you want to connect to the rover and

continue the flight.

2. Tap to confirm.

The Aerial Imaging software downloads the existing

flight plan from the eBox. If the download is

successful, the Dashboard screen appears and

enables you to continue the flight.

If the download was not successful:

a. Go to the Projects screen and open the project

for the flight in progress.

b. In the Flights tab, select the flight in progress.

c. Select the Flight checklist tab.

When the connection to the autopilot is

successful, the Aerial Imaging software

downloads the existing flight plan from the eBox,

goes to the Dashboard screen and enables you

to continue the flight.

Dealing with a crash

A crash is an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft in which:

l a person is fatally or seriously injured

l the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure

l the aircraft is missing or completely inaccessible

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Note – A landing on the intended landing site that causes damage to the aircraft due to the

landing surface cannot be seen as a crash.

1. If a crash occurs which causes injuries or death, you must:

a. Contact the emergency services.

b. Help where necessary, without risking your own life.

c. Make a perimeter around the accident. Make sure no evidence disappears.

d. Notify your civil aviation authority (CAA).

2. If a crash occurs which causes damage to another object:

a. Contact the emergency services when necessary (for example, if gas, electricity, or water

supplies are affected).

b. Contact the owners of the object that is hit.

c. Notify your civil aviation authority.

3. Take pictures of the crash site. Download the data files from the GCS and send all data and

pictures to your Trimble distributor.

Landing the UX5 HP 

CAUTION – It is your responsibility to ensure the safety of the rover during landing. To do this you

must:

– Have visual contact with the rover at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the rover and look out for other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Locate the rover on the Tablet screen.

WARNING – Make sure there are no people or obstacles near the landing zone. Failure to do so could

result in serious personal injury and damage to the rover.

After passing the last waypoint on the scan lines, the UX5 HP terminates its flight plan and initiates

a normal landing sequence. It flies at cruise height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984 ft)

from the landing location. It starts circling downward in 200 m (656 ft) diameter circles until it

reaches a height of 75 m (246 ft). It keeps circling in left or right circles, depending on the direction

specified in the Aerial Imaging software, until you tap in the message box on the map.

1. To complete the landing, tap in the message box on the map.

The UX5 HP finishes its current circle until it reaches the intersection with the landing direction

and then it starts the final leg of the landing.

The image below shows the linear landing circuit using a landing orientation set to right turns.

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2. After the UX5 HP has successfully landed, tap . The eBox goes into standby mode.

Locating the UX5 HP after landing

As long as you do not start the post-flight checklist after the flight has finished, the map and the

status bar stillshow the rover position, which can help you to locate the rover.

If the UX5 HP has landed somewhere in the field and you are not able to visually locate it, you can

track it using the tracking system receiver.

1. On the receiver, press and hold the On/Off key for three seconds to power on the receiver.

2. Press the Menu/OK key to enter the menu.

3. Select the transmitter you want to track down using the Scan key and then press the

Menu/OK key to confirm.

4. Fold out the four antennas on the receiver and then place the receiver on the palm of your

hand, taking care not to touch any of the antennas.

5. Increase the gain as much as possible using the Increase key.

6. To pick up the first signal pulses, hold the receiver in front of you at high level and slowly turn

360°, scanning the horizon with the antenna.

Tip – Make sure the internal antenna is selected. The range of the receiver is wider if you track

from an elevation. Always hold the receiver in front of you so that the receiver can distinguish

between incoming signals from the front and the back.

Each received signal pulse and its strength are shown on the transmitter bar/received signal

strength indicator and indicated with an audible signal.

7. Scan the area to determine the direction with the highest signalstrength. If the signalstrength

is the same in all directions, reduce the gain using the Decrease key until the received signal

strength is half the transmitter bar and then repeat the scan.

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4   Completing a Flight

8. Follow the determined direction. Repeat the scan at intervals to verify the direction you need

to head in to locate the UX5 HP.

Note – If you experience difficulties finding the rover following one direction, try doing the

scan from a different location and locating the cross-section between the new and previously

found direction.

For more information on using the tracker system, refer to the user documentation for the

tracker transmitter and receiver.

Completing the post-flight checklist

1. After the UX5 HP has successfully landed, tap . The eBox goes into standby mode.

2. Tap . The post-flight checklist wizard appears.

3. Make sure that the battery is connected. Tap .

4. Connect the download cables:

a. Remove the download port cap from the eBox and then attach the download cable to the

eBox and the modem.

b. Attach the USB cable to the gBox and the GCS.

c. Tap to check the cable connection.

If the cable connections are OK, the software automatically starts downloading the log

files from the eBox and the gBox to the Tablet. When the download is finished, the

button is enabled.

5. Tap .

6. Remove the download cables:

a. Remove the download cable from the eBox and modem. Reattach the download port cap

to the eBox.

b. Disconnect the USB cable from the gBox and the GCS.

7. Tap .

8. Disconnect the battery. Tap .

9. If you have selected PPK as the operating mode in the flight checklist, you are prompted to

download the base station file. Tap .

10. Remove the camera from the rover. Verify that the number of images taken during the flight is

equal to the number of trigger commands and feedback events recorded in the flight logs (do

not take into account the test images taken on the ground; Trimble recommends deleting the

test images from the SD card). If these numbers do not correspond, the software can

automatically correct for a mismatch. For more information, see Exporting flight data for

processing, page 102.

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4   Completing a Flight

Note –

l If there are more than three images missing or more than three additional images

(excluding test images or images from another flight), Trimble recommends performing

the flight again.

l If the missing images are not due to obvious reasons such as a depleted camera battery

during flight, an SD card with incorrect specifications (see Locating your equipment, page

69), or incorrect camera settings, contact your Trimble distributor.

11. Validate the block(s) that were successfully mapped during the flight.

12. Tap to close the post-flight checklist and return to the Flights tab.

The status of the flight changes to: Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen.

To redo this flight, make a copy of the flight. The settings of the new flight are editable.

In the Blocks tab, one of the following icons appears next to the block name in the block list:

l Successfully mapped and settings frozen.

l Not successfully mapped and settings frozen.

A frozen block can still be scheduled in other flights. It will be flown again with the same settings. To

map the block with different settings, make a copy of the block and change the settings as

required.

Disassembling the launcher

1. If you have not yet released the tension on the launcher cord, then do so now.

To release the tension, release the force with the crank very gently while pulling the release

handles in the front of the launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one

person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwise to counteract the force on the elastics.

2. Remove the lock pin on the launch dock and detach the launcher cord.

3. Using the crank, tighten the launcher cord so that most of the cord is in the launch slide but

the end remains out. Remove the crank.

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4   Completing a Flight

4. Slide the launch dock off the front of the launch slide.

5. To detach the V-support, turn the knob upward and then slide the pins out of the holes in the

launch slide. Remove the lock pin on the V-support to fold the legs and then reinsert the lock

pin.

CAUTION – Take care when folding the V-support legs not to jam or cut fingers.

6. Open the handle fixes on the launch slide and fold the launch slide.

7. Return the following items to the launcher bag:

l safety pin

l launch dock with lock pin

l V-support

l crank

l launch slide with elastics

For more information, see Locating your equipment, page 69.

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Analysis and Export

n Transferring the images

n Returning the project to the Aerial

Imaging Desktop software

n Exporting flight data for processing

n Exporting the flight trajectory for

analysis

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C H A P T E R 5
5   Analysis and Export

Transferring the images

Note – If you already transferred the images from the camera to an externalstorage device in the

field, then transfer the images from that device to a location on the computer running the Aerial

Imaging Desktop software, or to a network location.

If you have not already transferred the images from the camera:

1. When you return to the office, remove the SD card from the camera.

2. Insert the SD card into an office computer and then transfer the images from the SD card to a

location on the computer or a network location.

3. Delete the images from the SD card.

4. Replace the SD card in the camera.

Note – Because the camera has no electronic communication with the external lens, the image

properties (exif data)show a value 0 (zero) for the properties linked to the lens. These properties

are: F-stop, focal length and max. aperture.

Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop

software

Although you can use the Aerial Imaging software on the Trimble Tablet to analyze and export the

flight data for processing, it will typically be done in the office using the Aerial Imaging Desktop

software. To be able to do this you must export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on the

Tablet and import it to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

To export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet:

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the GWT format. Tap .

4. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the project. If the Tablet cannot access a

network folder, then insert a USB stick and then navigate to a folder on the USB stick.

5. Enter the file name and then click Export.

The exported project is saved as a GWT file in the folder you selected.

6. Tap to close the Export wizard.

To import the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software:

1. Start the Aerial Imaging Desktop software.

2. In the Aerial Imaging Home screen or Projects screen, click .

3. Navigate to the location of the GWT file, select it and then click Import.

The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears.

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5   Analysis and Export

Exporting flight data for processing

Note – You can export flight data from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, or from the Aerial

Imaging software on the Trimble Tablet, if you have copied the images to the Tablet.

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export flight data from.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the format to export to. To process the flight data using:

l Trimble Business Center software, select the JXL option.

l Other processing software, select the CSV/TXT option.

4. Click .

5. Select the flight to export and click .

The summary shows:

l the number of camera triggers

l the number ofshutter feedback events recorded in the gBox

If these numbers do not correspond and you continue the export, the software automatically

corrects for the mismatch.

6. Click to select the folder where you have stored the images for the flight.

The summary shows:

l the number of camera triggers

l the number ofshutter feedback events recorded in the gBox

l the number of images in the selected image folder

If these numbers do not correspond and you continue the export, the software automatically

corrects for the mismatch.

Note –

l If there are more than three images missing or more than three additional images

(excluding test images or images from another flight), Trimble recommends performing

the flight again.

l If the missing images are not due to obvious reasons such as a depleted camera battery

during flight, an SD card with incorrect specifications (see Locating your equipment, page

69), or incorrect camera settings, contact your Trimble distributor.

7. Click .

8. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the exported file. Enter the file name and then

click Export.

9. Click to export another flight from the same project or click to close the Export wizard.

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5   Analysis and Export

Exporting the flight trajectory for analysis

1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export flight data from.

2. Click . The Export wizard appears.

3. Select the output format:

l KML, Keyhole Markup Language to view the flight path.

l GPX, GPS Exchange Format to view the flight path and way points.

Both outputs can be viewed in software such as in Google Earth.

4. Click .

5. Select the flight to export and click .

6. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the exported file. Enter the file name and then

click Export.

The flight trajectory is exported to the selected folder.

7. Click to export another flight from the same project or click to close the Export wizard.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 103
Troubleshooting

n System errors and warnings

n Landing issues

n Aerial Imaging software issues

n Battery charger errors

n gBox LED status

n eBox LED status

n Technicalsupport

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C H A P T E R 6
6   Troubleshooting

System errors and warnings

This topic describes error messages or warnings that may appear pre-flight or during flight. If the

problem persists, contact your Trimble distributor.

Low battery level

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM Replace the battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the

flight checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 HP via software. If that does not work, disarm

the UX5 HP by pressing the Mode button once (one flash)

taking care to avoid the propellers.

2. Replace the battery with a fully charged battery and then redo

the flight checklist.

In-flight If the landing location is not too far from the location of the UX5 HP

and the battery level is not too low, tap the button. Otherwise,

tap the button.

Loss of GPS lock

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5 HP.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 HP via software. If that does not work, disarm

the UX5 HP by pressing the Mode button once (one flash)

taking care to avoid the propellers.

2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight The automatic failsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 88.

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6   Troubleshooting

Communication loss

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5 HP.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 HP via software. If that does not work, disarm

the UX5 HP by pressing the Mode button once (one flash)

taking care to avoid the propellers.

2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight The automatic failsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 88.

Camera errors

Issue Solution

The camera is taking a

picture every 20 to 25

seconds.

1. Abort the checklist.

2. Disconnect the UX5 HP battery.

3. Restart the checklist.

eBox errors

There are two types of eBox errors that can occur:

l Autopilot errors

l Miscellaneous eBox errors

The appropriate action to take depends on the stage of the flight that the error occurs. For more

information, see:

l Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs, page 109

l Taking action when an eBox error occurs, page 109

Autopilot error message types

The table below explains the types of autopilot error that can occur.

Code Description

2 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem.

3 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

4 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

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6   Troubleshooting

Code Description

9 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem.

11 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem.

13 There is a yaw gyro sensor hardware problem.

16 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

17 There is an invalid command in the flight plan.

18 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

19 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

20 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

21 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

22 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem.

23 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

25 The aircraft has flown past the 300 km limit.

26 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside of the geofence; or the aircraft has

flown outside of the geofence.

35 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

36 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem.

37 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

38 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

39 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

40 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

41 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

42 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

43 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

44 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

45 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

46 The flight plan contains a waypoint that exceeds the maximum allowed distance from

the takeoff location.

47 The aircraft is close to the 300 km limit.

49 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

50 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

51 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

52 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem.

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6   Troubleshooting

Code Description

53 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

55 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

56 There is an autopilot hardware problem.

57 There is an autopilot hardware problem.

58 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

59 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem.

60 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

61 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem.

63 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

64 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

65 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

66 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

67 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

68 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

69 There is an autopilot hardware problem.

71 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

72 There are multiple errors.

73 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

74 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

77 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

78 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

79 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

80 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

81 There is an invalid command in the flight plan.

84 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

85 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

86 The aircraft is above the maximum altitude limit.

87 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

88 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is above the maximum allowed altitude from

the takeoff location.

89 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside of the geofence.

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6   Troubleshooting

Code Description

90 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem.

91 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem.

92 There is a yaw gyro sensor hardware problem.

93 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

94 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

95 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem.

Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5 HP.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 HP via software. If that does not work, disarm

the UX5 HP by pressing the Mode button once (one flash)

taking care to avoid the propellers.

2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight If the landing location is not too far from the location of the UX5 HP

and the battery level is not too low, , tap the button. Otherwise,

tap the button.

Taking action when an eBox error occurs

Miscellaneous eBox errors include eBox altitude pressure sensor errors.

If the message appears Then...

Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5 HP.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox.

2. Redo the checklist.

Pre-flight, after ARM 1. Disarm the UX5 HP via software. If that does not work, disarm

the UX5 HP by pressing the Mode button once (one flash)

taking care to avoid the propellers.

2. Disconnect and then reconnect the battery to restart the eBox.

3. Redo the checklist.

In-flight Always use .

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6   Troubleshooting

Landing issues

If the rover does not automatically power off the motor after landing, Trimble recommends

manually powering off the motor as soon as possible to avoid motor damage. To manually power

off the UX5 HP, tap the button in the Aerial Imaging software. If that does not work, press and

hold the Mode button on the eBox until the LED flashes three times.

WARNING – Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. Contact with moving

propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Aerial Imaging software issues

If the Aerial Imaging software on the GCS freezes or crashes when the UX5 HP is in the air, see Other

types of emergency, page 94.

If the software crashes, a crash dump file is automatically created. You are prompted to select the

crash dump location and you can then send the file to Trimble Technical Support.

Battery charger errors

When charging the UX5 HP battery, any errors are displayed in the battery charger screen and

accompanied by a warning sound.

The following error messages may appear.

CAR BATT 9.00Vi

This error occurs when the voltage of the battery is below 10.0 VDC or above 18.0 VDC.

If the message appears Then...

Before charging Charging cannot be started.

When charging. The charger stops charging automatically.

WRONG POLARITY

This error occurs when the charge outputs are connected to a battery with incorrect polarity.

The message appears Then...

Before charging Charging cannot be started.

CONTACT - BREAK...

This error occurs when the connection between the battery and the charger is interrupted.

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6   Troubleshooting

If the message appears Then...

Before charging Charging cannot be started.

When charging. The charger stops charging automatically.

BAT. VOLT 00.00Vo

This error occurs when the battery voltage is too high or too low during the charge process.

The message appears Then...

During charging The charger stops charging automatically.

OUTPUT CHECK

This error occurs when there is a short-circuit at the charge output.

The message appears To resolve this issue...

During charging Eliminate the short-circuit and press the Prog/Mode key

to return to the charge menu.

gBox LED status

The status of the gBox is indicated by the LEDs:

LED state Status

Green LED steady or slowly blinking gBox is powered on

Orange LED slowly blinking gBox is locked onto 4 or more satellites

Orange LED fast blinking gBox is locked onto less than 4 satellites

Orange LED is off gBox is not locked onto any GPS satellites

Red LED single flash A trigger command has occurred

eBox LED status

The status of the eBox is indicated by the LEDs:

Green LED Red LED Status

Off Off eBox is off

Off Blinking eBox is in Standby mode

Blinking Off eBox is downloading data

Blinking Steady eBox is on

Steady Steady eBox is armed

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6   Troubleshooting

The diagram below shows the manual intervention to go from one state to another.

Technical support

If you have an issue and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation,

contact your Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 HP Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 112
Specifications and Settings

n UX5 HP UAS specifications

n Launcher specifications

n Camera specifications

n Sony a7R camera settings

n UX5 HP battery safety

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C H A P T E R 7
7   Specifications and Settings

UX5 HP UAS specifications

Operation limitations

The UX5 HP cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows the acceptable

range for different conditions.

Note – Your country of operation may have different or additional operational requirements.

Make sure you are familiar with the appropriate regulations for the country you are operating in.

If you are flying in the United States see also FAA conditions and limitations of operation, page

131.

CAUTION – If any condition does not meet the acceptable range stated, the operator should abort the

flight. Flying outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty. Trimble does

not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits.

Condition Acceptable range

Time Between sunrise and sunset

Distance from clouds Clear of clouds and always within line ofsight

Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400 ft)

Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight

Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy

showers

Head wind (for cruise flight) Maximum 55 kph (34 mph)

Cross wind:

l For takeoff/landing Maximum 30 kph (19 mph)

l For cruise flight Maximum 55 kph (34 mph)

Gusts (for cruise flight) Maximum 15 kph (9 mph)

Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times

Temperature:

l Rover, including eBox and gBox -25 °C to +45 °C (-13 °F to 113 °F)

l Camera* 0 °C to +30 °C (32 °F to 86 °F)

l Battery* 0 °C to +30 °C (32 °F to 86 °F)

l Launcher* +10 °C to 45 °C (50 °F to 113 °F)

* Pre-flight conditioned temperature

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7   Specifications and Settings

Rover

CAUTION – Any deviation leading to a different maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) must be approved

by Trimble.

Feature Specification

Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) 2.9 kg (6.4 lbs)

Maximum launch altitude (AMSL) 4250 m (13,493 ft)

Maximum operational ceiling (AMSL) 5000 m (16,400 ft)

Endurance (ISA conditions and no wind) 40 mins

Nominal airspeed 85 kph (52 mph)

Maximum airspeed 95 kph (59 mph)

Dimensions (wing span x length x height) 100 x 65 x 13 cm (39.4 x 25.6 x 5.1 ")

Power/battery

Feature Specification

Battery type Lithium polymer

Nominal energy capacity 6600 mAh

Nominal voltage 14.8 V

Maximum voltage 16.8 V

Storage voltage 15.6 V

Battery charging current 3 A

Battery charging time (if fully discharged) Maximum 2.5 hours

Operating temperature:

l Discharge (pre-flight conditioned

temperature)

0 °C to +30 °C 32 °F to 86 °F

l Charge 0 °C to +40 °C 32 °F to 104 °F

Storage temperature:

l Less than 3 months -10 °C to +45 °C 14 °F to 113 °F

l More than 3 months Normal room temperature

Dimensions 4.4 x 14 x 4.6 cm (1.7 x 5.5 x 1.8 ")

Weight 570 g (1.3 lbs)

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7   Specifications and Settings

Launcher specifications

Feature Specification

Weight 10 kg (22 lbs)

Dimensions – folded (length x width x height) 100 x 25 x 12 cm (39.4 x 9.8 x 4.7 ")

Dimensions – unfolded (length x width x height) 300 x 75 x 120 cm (118.1 x 29.5 x 47.2 ")

Camera specifications

The camera has the following specifications.

Camera body

Feature Specification (Sony a7R)

Effective pixels 36.4 megapixels

Image sensor Exmor CMOS sensor 35.9 x 24.0 mm (1.41 x 0.94 ")

Shutter speed 1/8000 – 30 seconds

ISO sensitivity ISO 100 – 25600, AUTO (ISO 100 – 6400)

Display 7.5 cm (3.0 ")

Dimensions

(width x height x depth)

126.9 x 94.4 x 48.2 mm

(5.0 x 3.7 x 1.9 ")

Weight (body only) 407 g (0.9 lb)

Battery charging time (if fully discharged) Approximately 210 minutes (using a Sony charger)

Camera lens

Feature Specification 15 mm Specification 25 mm Specification 35 mm

Focal length 15 mm (0.6 ") 25 mm (1 ") 35 mm (1.4 ")

F-aperture 4.5 – 22 4 – 22 2.5 – 22

Angle of view 110.4° 81.6° 63.3°

Filter size (diameter) 52 mm (2.0 ") 39 mm (1.5 ") 39 mm (1.5 ")

Maximum diameter 59.4 mm (2.3 ") 55 mm (2.2 ") 55 mm (2.2 ")

Length 38.2 mm (1.5 ") 30.3 mm (1.2 ") 23 mm (0.9 ")

Weight 156 g (0.34 lb) 144 g (0.32 lb) 134 g (0.3 lb)

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7   Specifications and Settings

Sony a7R camera settings

The camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by

Trimble. These settings are listed below.

Note the following:

l Settings that are greyed out in the camera menus cannot be selected and so are not listed

here.

l A value of "–" in the tables below indicates that the value for that setting is not set and is not

required.

Menu settings

Camera settings

Setting Value

1 Image Size L:36M

Aspect Ratio 3:2

Quality Fine

File Format (movie) AVCHD

2 Record Setting (movie) 50i 17M (FH)

Drive Mode Single Shooting

Flash Mode Fill-flash

Flash Comp. ± 0.0

Red Eye Reduction Off

3 Focus Area Center

Focus Settings –

AF Illuminator Off

Exposure Comp. ± 0.0

For the NIR camera: +1.0 with the B+W 040 (orange) filter

Exposure Step 0.3EV

ISO ISO AUTO

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7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

4 Metering Mode Multi

White Balance Auto

For the NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings.

See Setting brightness/color settings for the NIR camera,

page 67

DRO/Auto-HDR D-Range Opt.

Creative Style Standard

Picture Effect Off

5 Focus Magnifier –

Long Exposure NR Off

High ISO NR Normal

Smile/Face Detect. Off

Soft Skin Effect Off

6 Color Space sRGB

7 Auto Slow Shut. (movie) Off

Audio Recording Off

Audio Out Timing Live

Wind Noise Reduct. Off

Memory –

Custom settings

Setting Value

1 Zebra Off

MF Assist Off

Focus Magnif. Time No Limit

Grid Line Diag. + Square Grid

Audio Level Display Off

Auto Review Off

2 DISP Button

Monitor

Finder

Display All Info.

Level

Peaking Level High

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7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

Peaking Color Red

Exposure Set. Guide Off

Live View Display Setting Effect ON

3 Zoom Setting Opticalzoom only

FINDER/MONITOR Monitor

Release w/o Lens Enable

4 AF w/ shutter Off

AEL w/ shutter Off

Exp.comp.set Ambient only

Reset EV Comp. Reset

Bracket order – –> 0 –> +

5 Face Registration –

APS-C Size Capture Off

AF Micro Adj.

AF Adjustment Set.

Clear

Off

–

Lens Comp.

Shading Comp.

Chro. Aber. Comp.

Distortion Comp.

Off

Off

Off

6 Function Menu Set. All items "Not set"

Custom Key Settings

Custom Button 2

All items to "Not set", except Focus Magnifier

Dial Setup Front dial: F/no. Rear dial: SS

Dial EV Comp. Off

MOVIE button Movie Mode Only

Dial/Wheel Lock Lock

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7   Specifications and Settings

Wireless

Setting Value

1 Airplane Mode On

2 Edit Device Name –

Disp MAC Address –

SSID/PW Reset –

Reset Network Set. –

Application

There are no relevant settings set in the Application menu.

Playback

Setting Value

1 View Mode –

2 Display Rotation Off

Setup

Setting Value

1 Monitor Brightness Manual

Viewfinder Bright. Manual

Finder Color Temp. ± 0.0

Audio signals Off

2 Tile Menu Off

Mode Dial Guide Off

Delete confirm. "Cancel" first

Display Quality High

Pwr Save Start Time 30 Min

PAL/NTSC Selector –

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7   Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

3 Cleaning Mode –

Remote Ctrl On

HDMI Resolution Auto

CTRL FOR HDML On

HDMI Info. Display On

4 USB Connection Auto

USB LUN Setting Multi

Language English

Date/Time Setup [set correctly at first use]

Area Setting [set correctly at first use]

5 File Number Series

New Folder –

Folder Name Date Form

Recover Image DB –

6 Display Media Info. –

Version –

Setting Reset –

UX5 HP battery safety

The following information has been provided by the manufacturer of the UX5 HP battery. You

should familiarize yourself with the information in this section so that you know how to look after

the battery and can take fast, appropriate safety action ifrequired.

This section contains the following:

l Hazards identification, page 122

l First aid measures, page 123

l Fire fighting measures, page 124

l Accidental release measures, page 125

l Handling and storage, page 125

l Exposure controls and personal protection, page 126

l Physical and chemical properties, page 126

l Stability and reactivity, page 126

l Toxicological information, page 127

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7   Specifications and Settings

l Disposal considerations, page 127

l Transportation information, page 127

Hazards identification

Emergency overview

l Do not open or disassemble.

l Do not expose to fire or open flame.

l Do not mix with batteries of varying sizes, chemistries or types.

l Do not puncture, deform incinerate or heat above 85 °C (185 °F).

Potential health effects

The materials contained in this battery may only represent a hazard if the integrity of the battery is

compromised or if the battery is physically or electrically abused.

(1) Physical:

The Lithium ion polymer rechargeable batteries described in this Material Safety Data Sheet are

sealed units which are not hazardous when used according to the recommendations of the

Manufacturer.

Under normal conditions of use, the solid electrode materials and liquid electrolyte they contain are

non-reactive provided the battery integrity is maintained and seals remain intact.

Risk of exposure is only in case of abuse (mechanical, thermal, electrical) leading to the activation of

safety valves and/or the rupture of the battery containers. Electrolyte leakage, electrode materials

reaction with moisture/water or battery vent/explosion/fire may follow, depending upon the

circumstances.

(2) Chemical:

Classification of dangerous substances contained into the product as per directive 67/548/EEC:

Substance Melting point Boiling

point

Classification

CAS no. Chemical

symbol

Exposure

limit

Indication

of danger

Special

risk (1)

Safety

advice (2)

473894-38-1

182442-95-1

LiCoO2

LiMnNiCoO2

>1000 °C N/A 0.1mg/m3

as Co

1.0mg/m3

as Ni

OSHA

R22

R43

S2 S22

S24 S26

S36

EC: 96-49-1

EMC:

623-53-0

Organic

solvents (EC–

EMC)

EC: 38 °C (100 °F)

EMC: 4 °C (39 °F)

EC: 243 °C

(469 °F)

EMC: 90 °C

(194 °F)

None

established

OSHA

Flammable R21 R22

R41

R42/43

S2 S24

S26 S35

S37 S45

21324-40-3 LiPF6 N/A (decomposes at

160 °C (320 °F))

N/A None

established

Irritant

Corrosive

R14

R21 R22

S2 S8 S22

S24 S26

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OSHA R41 R43 S36 S37

S45

(1) – Nature ofspecial risks:

R14 Reacts with water

R21 Harmful in contact with skin

R22 Harmful ifswallowed

R41 Risk ofserious damage to the eye

R42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact

R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact

(2) – Safety advice:

S2 Keep out ofreach from children

S8 Keep away from moisture

S22 Do not breathe dust

S24 Avoid contact with skin

S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical

Protective clothing

S36 Wear suitable protective clothing

S37 Wear suitable gloves

First aid measures

In case of battery rupture or explosion, evacuate personnel from contaminated area and provide

maximum ventilation to clear out fumes/gases.

In all cases where first aid is applied, seek medical attention.

Eye contact

l Flush with plenty of water (eyelids held open) for at least 15 minutes.

Skin contact

l Remove all contaminated clothing and flush affected areas with plenty of water and soap for at

least 15 minutes.

l Do not apply greases or ointments.

Ingestion

l Dilute by giving plenty of water and get immediate medical attention.

l Make sure that the victim does not aspirate vomited material by use of positional drainage.

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l Make sure that mucus does not obstruct the airway.

l Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Inhalation

l Remove to fresh air and ventilate the contaminated area.

l Give oxygen or artificial respiration if needed.

Fire fighting measures

Fire and explosion hazard

The battery can leak and/or spout vaporized or decomposed and combustible electrolyte fumes in

case of exposure above 70 °C (158 °F)resulting from inappropriate use or the environment.

Cells or batteries may flame or leak potentially hazardous organic vapors if exposed to excessive

heat or fire. Fire, excessive heat, or over voltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition

products.

Damaged or opened cells or batteries can result in rapid heating and the release of flammable

vapors.

Vapors may be heavier than air and may travel along the ground or be moved by ventilation to an

ignition source and flash back

Fire, excessive heat, or over voltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products.

Use a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus if batteries are involved in a fire. Full

protective clothing is necessary. During water application, caution is advised as burning pieces of

flammable particles may be ejected from the fire.

Extinguishing media

Suitable: CO2

Dry chemical or foam extinguishers

Not to be used: Type D extinguishers

Special exposure hazards

Following cell overheating due to externalsource or due to improper use, electrolyte leakage or

battery container rupture may occur and release inner component/material in the environment.

Eye

contact:

The electrolyte solution contained in the battery is irritant to ocular tissues.

Skin

contact:

The electrolyte solution contained in the battery causes skin irritation.

Ingestion: The ingestion of electrolyte solution causes tissue damage to throat and

gastro/respiratory tract.

Inhalation: Contents of a leaking or ruptured battery can cause respiratory tract, mucus,

membrane irritation and edema.

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Special protective equipment

Use self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid breathing irritant fumes.

Wear protective clothing and avoid body contact with electrolyte solution.

Accidental release measures

The material contained within the batteries would only be expelled under abusive conditions.

Using shovel or broom, cover battery or spilled substances with dry sand or vermiculite, place in

approved container (after cooling if necessary) and dispose in accordance with local regulations.

Handling and storage

The batteries should not be opened, destroyed or incinerated since they may leak or rupture and

release in the environment the ingredients they contain.

Handling

Batteries are designed to be recharged. However, improperly charging a cell or battery may cause

the cell or battery to flame.

Use only approved chargers and procedures.

Never disassemble a battery or bypass any safety device.

Do not crush, pierce, short (+) and (-) battery terminals with conductive (i.e. metal) goods.

Do not directly heat or solder.

Do not throw into fire.

Do not mix batteries of different types and brands.

Do not mix new and used batteries.

Keep batteries in non conductive (i.e. plastic) trays.

Storage

Do not store batteries above 60 °C (140 °F) or below -20 °C (-4 °F).

Store batteries in a cool (below 30 °C/86 °F)), dry area that is subject to little temperature change.

Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life.

Battery exposure to temperatures in excess of 130 °C (266 °F) will result in the battery venting

flammable liquid and gases.

Batteries should be separated from other materials and stored in a noncombustible, well

ventilated, sprinkler-protected structure with sufficient clearance between walls and battery stacks.

Do not store batteries in a manner that allows terminals to short circuit.

Extended short-circuiting creates high temperatures in the cell. High temperatures can cause burns

in skin or cause the cell to flame.

Avoid reversing battery polarity within the battery assembly. To do so may cause cell to flame or to

leak.

Do not place batteries near heating equipment, nor expose to direct sunlight for long periods.

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Other

Follow manufacturers recommendations regarding maximum recommended currents and

operating temperature range. Applying pressure on deforming the battery may lead to disassembly

followed by eye, skin and throat irritation.

Exposure controls and personal protection

No engineering controls are required for handing batteries that have not been damaged.

Respiratory

protection:

Not necessary under normal use.

In case of battery rupture, use self contained full-face respiratory

equipment.

Hand protection: Not necessary under normal use.

Use gloves if handling a leaking or ruptured battery.

Eye protection: Not necessary under normal use.

Wear safety goggles or glasses with side shields if handling a leaking or

ruptured battery.

Skin protection: Not necessary under normal use.

Use rubber protective working in case of handling of a ruptured battery.

Physical and chemical properties

Temperature range:

Continuous Occasional

In storage +30 °C (86 °F) max. -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F)

During discharge -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F) -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F)

During charge 0 to +45 °C (+32 to 113 °F) 0 to +45 °C (+32 to 113 °F)

Stability and reactivity

Conditions to avoid

Heat above 60 °C (140 °F) or incineration.

Deform, mutilate, crush, pierce, disassemble

Short circuit

Prolonged exposure to humid conditions.

Materials to avoid

N/A

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Hazardous decomposition products

Fire, excessive heat, or over voltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products.

Toxicological information

1. Irritancy: The electrolytes contained in this battery can irritate eyes with any contact.

Prolonged contact with the skin or mucous membranes may cause irritation.

2. Sensitization: No information is available at this time.

3. Carcinogenicity: No information is available at this time.

4. Reproductive toxicity: No information is available at this time.

5. Teratogenicity: No information is available at this time.

6. Mutagenicity: No information is available at this time.

Disposal considerations

Dispose in accordance with applicable regulations which vary from country to country.

(In most countries, the trashing of used batteries is forbidden and the end-users are invited to

dispose them properly, eventually through not-for-profit organizations, mandated by local

government or organized on a voluntary basis by professionals).

Batteries should be completely discharged prior to disposal and / or the terminals taped or capped

to prevent short circuit.

When completely discharged it is not considered hazardous.

This product does not contain any materials listed by the United Stated EPA as requiring specific

waste disposal requirements.

These are exempted from the hazardous waste disposalstandards under Universal Waste

Regulations. Disposal of large quantities of Lithium-lon batteries or cells may be subject to Federal,

State, or Local regulations.

Consult your local, state and provincial regulations regarding disposal of these batteries.

Transportation information

United Nations

UN No.: 3480

Classification: No

Individual Lithium-polymer cells and battery packs with respectively not more than 20Wh (Cell) and

100Wh (Battery) of watt-hours are not restricted for transport.

(5.0 Ah of Nominal Capacity: 5.0Ah x 3.7V = 18.5Wh)

Packing

Packing Instructions 965 for Air Transport

IMDG for Sea Transport

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International conventions

Air IATA Yes

Sea IMDG Yes

Land ADR (road) Yes

RID (Rail) Yes

Other

In the USA Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR Ch. 1 § 173-185)

Special packaging information

Cells and batteries must be packed in inner packaging that completely encloses the cell or battery.

Cells and batteries must be protected to avoid short circuits.

Each package must be capable of withstanding a 1.2 m (4 ft) drop test in any orientation without:

1. Damage to cells or batteries contained within the packaging;

2. Shifting of the contents allowing battery to battery contact; and

3. Release of contents.

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Special shipping information

This battery has been tested to Section 38.3 of ‘UN Manual of Tests and Criteria’. The amount of

Lithium contained in these batteries is below the limits set by the DOT in Section 49CFR173 and

IATA. These can be shipped with the following label:

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A P P E N D I X A

Country-Specific Regulatory Information

n FAA conditions and limitations of

operation
A   Country-Specific Regulatory Information

FAA conditions and limitations of operation

The United States of America Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) has

granted Exemption No. 11110 for operation of Trimble unmanned aviation systems for the purpose

of precision aerialsurveys in the United States.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

The conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption are as follows:

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the following aircraft described

in the operator’s manual which is a fixed-wing aircraft weighing less than 6 pounds: Trimble

Navigation Limited UX5 HP UAS. Proposed operations of any other aircraft will require a new

petition or a petition to amend this grant.

2. The UA may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 74.5 knots.

3. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level (AGL), as

indicated by the procedures specified in the operator’s manual. All altitudes reported to ATC

must be in feet AGL.

4. The UA must be operated within visual line ofsight (VLOS) of the Operator at all times. This

requires the Operator to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than

corrective lenses, as specified on the Operator’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate.

5. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The VO may be used to satisfy the VLOS

requirement as long as the Operator always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and Operator

must be able to communicate verbally at all times. The Operator must be designated before

the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the duration of the flight. The Operator

must ensure that the VO can perform the functions prescribed in the operator’s manual.

6. Provided the additional requirements identified in these conditions and limitations are added

or amended, the operator’s manual is considered acceptable to the FAA. The operator’s

manual and this grant of exemption must be maintained and made available to the

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and limitations in

this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operator’s manual, the conditions and

limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. Otherwise, the Operator must follow

the procedures as outlined in its operator’s manual.

The operator may update or revise its operator’s manual. It is the operator’s responsibility to

track such revisions and present updated and revised documents to the Administrator upon

request. The operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for an

extension or amendment of this exemption. If the operator determines that any update or

revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then the operator

must petition for amendment to its exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) may

be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or revisions to the operator’s manual.

7. Prior to each flight the operator must inspect the UAS to ensure it is in a condition for safe

flight. If the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the

aircraft is prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and

the UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground Control Station must be

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included in the preflight inspection. All maintenance and alterations must be properly

documented in the aircraft records.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation or flight

characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo a functional test

flight in accordance with the operator’s manual. The operator who conducts the functional

test flight must make an entry in the UAS aircraft records of the flight. The requirements and

procedures for a functional test flight and aircraft record entry must be added to the

operator’s manual.

9. The preflight inspection section in the operator’s manual must be amended to include the

following requirement: The preflight inspection must account for all discrepancies, i.e.

inoperable components, items, or equipment, not covered in the relevant preflight inspection

sections of the operator’s manual.

10. The operator must follow the manufacturer’s UAS aircraft/component, maintenance,

overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements, with particular attention to

flight critical components that may not be addressed in the manufacturer’s manuals.

11. Trimble must carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping requirements in

accordance with the operator’s manual. Maintenance, inspection, and alterations must be

noted in the aircraft logbook, including total flight hours, description of work accomplished,

and the signature of the authorized UX5 HP technician returning the UX5 HP to service.

12. UX5 HP technicians must receive and document training referenced in the operator’s manual.

13. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer System and

Safety Bulletins.

14. Trimble UX5 HP maintenance personnel must make a record entry in the UAS logbook or

equivalent document of the corrective action taken against discrepancies discovered between

inspections.

15. The Operator must possess at least a private pilot certificate and a third-class airman medical

certificate. The Operator must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 14 CFR

61.56 in an aircraft in which the Operator is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

16. Prior to operating for hire, the operator must have completed Trimble’s five-day UX5 HP

Training Syllabus as outlined in the Safety Checklist. The Training Manual must also be

updated to reflect the specific five day Training Syllabus presented by Trimble. The Training

Manualspecifies the minimum flight and skill requirements for the Operator, Instructor and

Examiner. Those Manuals and records of those requirements must be documented and made

available upon request by the Administrator. Those minimum flight requirements are repeated

here as conditions and limitations:

Operator

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 HP as an operator during the Type Rating module

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 HP as visual observer during the Type Rating module

l When failed:Minimum 4 flights on the UX5 HP for the failed part

Instructor

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l A minimum of 25 flights and 4 hours where:

l The flights occurred on 4 different calendar days.

l Two long endurance flights that last near the maximum permissible endurance (40

min for operations conducted under this exemption) or have a minimum duration of

45 min for previously logged flights or flights not conducted under this exemption

(per the Trimble operation’s manual).

l One flight with a minimum measured wind speed of 30 kph (18.64mph). If the wind

speed cannot be measured, you can provide proof from METAR as close as 25km

from the weather station.

l One flight with a minimum programmed leg distance of 1 km (if possible by CAA

regulations, otherwise as long as possible.)

l 11 flights with a different selected height where:

l 2 flights are at the minimum height

l 2 flights are at the maximum allowable height

Examiner

l 100 flights and 20 hours (regardless of aircraft type) or as approved by a team of

examiners.

Prior documented flight experience that was obtained in compliance with applicable

regulations may satisfy this requirement. Training, proficiency, and experience-building flights

can also be conducted under this grant of exemption to accomplish the required flights and

flight time.

17. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined location within the private or controlled-access property and land or be recovered

in accordance with the operator’s manual.

18. The operator must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies in

accordance with the operator’s manual.

19. The operator is prohibited from beginning a UX5 HP flight unless (considering wind and

forecast weather conditions) there is enough power to fly to the first point of intended landing

and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least 10 minutes.

20. The operator must obtain an Air Traffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate of Waiver or

Authorization (COA) prior to conducting any operations under this grant of exemption. This

COA will also require the operator to request a Notice to Airman (NOTAM) not more than 72

hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours prior to the operation.

21. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial number,

registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N-Number) markings in

accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as large as practicable.

22. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and control of

the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or other appropriate

government oversight agency requirements.

23. The documents required under 14 CFR 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the operator at

the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These documents

must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

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24. The UA must remain clear and yield the right of way to all other manned operations and

activities at all times (including, but not limited to, ultralight vehicles, parachute activities,

parasailing activities, hang gliders, etc.).

25. The UAS may not be operated by the operator from any moving device or vehicle.

26. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR 1.1.

27. All operations shall be conducted in Class G airspace.

28. All operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). The UA may

not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet horizontally from a cloud or

when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the operator.

29. During operations in Class G airspace, the UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of the

geographic center of an airport as denoted on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart

unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s management is obtained, and the operation is

conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as required by the operator’s COA. The letter of

agreement with the airport management must be made available to the Administrator upon

request.

30. The UA may not be operated over congested or densely populated areas. These areas include

but are not limited to the yellow areas depicted on World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional

Aeronautical Charts (Sectionals), or Terminal Area Charts (TAC). However, aeronautical charts

may not reflect pertinent local information. Ultimately, it is the operator's responsibility to

maintain the minimum safe altitudes required by § 91.119.

31. Operation of the UA must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating persons,

vessels, vehicles, and structures.

32. Operations of the UA may be conducted at distances less than 500 feet from participating

persons, vessels, vehicles or structures that perform an essential function in connection with

these special purpose operations. Operations closer than 500 feet from the Operator, VO,

operator trainees and essential persons, are permitted when operationally necessary; but

never so close as to present an undue hazard, per § 91.119(a).

33. Operations of the UA may be conducted at distances less than 500 feet from unoccupied

vessels, vehicles or structures owned by the land owner/controller when the land

owner/controller grants such permission and the Operator makes a safety assessment of the

risk from operations closer to these objects.

34. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with permission

from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission from land

owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained for each flight to be conducted.

35. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical boundaries of

the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported to the FAA’s UAS

Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported to the National

Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions contained on the NTSB Web site:

www.ntsb.gov.

Unless otherwise specified in the list of conditions and limitations above, the unmanned aircraft

system (UAS) and operator must comply with all applicable parts of Title 14, Code of Regulations (14

CFR) including, but not limited to, parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

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  Glossary

Glossary

accuracy

The closeness of a measurement to the actual (true) value of the quantity being measured.

aerial imaging rover

A type of unmanned aircraft specifically designed for aerial photogrammetry.

aerial photo station

An aerial photo station is created each time an aerial photo is taken during a flight. It defines a point

and includes raw sensor values (orientation and tilt), coordinate data, and an image.

aeronautical information publication

A manual containing thorough details ofregulations, procedures and other information pertinent

to flying aircraft in the particular country to which it relates. It is usually issued by or on behalf of

the respective civil aviation administration.

AIP

See aeronautical information publication.

avoidance zone

Avoidance zones are used in the background map to indicate areas that the unmanned aircraft

must not fly over, such as airports and forbidden airspace.

azimuth

Horizontal direction relative to a defined coordinate system.

base station

A base station is an antenna and receiver set up on a known location specifically to collect data to

be used in postprocessing rover files. During a PPK survey, data is collected so that baselines (the

position of one receiver relative to another) can be computed during postprocessing. The base

station acts as the position from which all unknown positions are derived.

block

A single polygonal area that defines the geographical area to be photographed at a defined overlap

and GSD during a flight. One flight can stretch over multiple blocks, depending on the area

parameters.

CAA

Civil Aviation Authority.

CORS

Continuously Operating Reference Station. The CORS network is a network of base stations at a

known fixed location. Each base station continuously collects and records GPS observation data.

There exist many CORS networks over the world, some of them denser than others. The reference

data from a CORS station is accessible via the Internet.

cross wind

A wind that blows from a sideways direction.

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  Glossary

elevon

The movable flap on the back edge of each wing. The elevons move up and down to create uneven

lift, which controls the aircraft's rolling and banking movement.

flight

The motion of the aircraft through the earth's atmosphere. The main part of the flight records aerial

photo station images of one or more blocks. One flight can stretch over multiple blocks, depending

on the area parameters.

flight plan

A set of parameters that defines the proper flight path the rover must follow during a single flight.

Parameters include the desired altitude of the side image overlap.

flight strategy

Pre-defined sequence of flight lines that can be set per block.

GCP

See ground control point.

GCS

See ground controlstation.

georeference

The act of positioning an object at its true location (using two or more coordinates) in 2D or 3D

space. Georeferencing is used, for example, to position an aerial photograph accurately in relation

to other objects in a project.

georeferenced image

A photo taken from a ground- or aerial-based station that includes overlaid point coordinate data.

See also georeference.

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This is the standard generic term for satellite navigation

systems that provide geospatial positioning with global coverage.

ground control point

An accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical feature that can be identified on the

ground and is used to georeference images.

ground control station

The ground controlstation (GCS) is used to control the rover from the ground. It comprises the

Trimble Tablet running the Trimble Aerial Imaging software. A modem is connected to the Tablet to

enable radio communication to the aerial imaging rover. Although the rover flies following a

preprogrammed flight plan, you need the GCS to manage the rover before, during, and after the

flight.

ground sample distance

In the Aerial Imaging software, the ground sample distance (GSD) is the distance on the ground

represented by each pixel. The GSD and the height at which the aircraft flies are linked. The higher

the rover flies, the larger the distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images

acquired during the flight.

GSD

See ground sample distance.

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  Glossary

head wind

A wind that blows from the direction that the aircraft is flying toward.

height

The height above the ground that the rover flies. The rover does not begin taking photographs

until it reaches the height specified for the flight.

IATA

International Air Transport Association

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Authority

launch

The process ofreleasing the rover from the launcher. Launch immediately preceeds takeoff.

launch dock

The platform that rests on the launcher. The rover sits on the launch dock. The launch dock moves

forward along the launcher at speed when the rover is launched.

launcher

The launcher is a mechanical device that provides a safe way to launch the rover in the direction of

takeoff.

METAR

A routine aviation weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly intervals. It is a description of the

meteorological elements observed at an airport at a specific time.

multipath

Interference, similar to ghosting on a television screen. Multipath occurs when GNSS signals

traverse different paths before arriving at the antenna.

NOTAM

A notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots and remote operators of potential

hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight. The term

NOTAM is commonly used rather than the more formal term Notice to Airmen.

photogrammetry

The use of photography in surveying and mapping to make measurements between objects.

pitot tube

The sensor used by the aircraft to detect airspeed. It must be kept clean and free of obstructions to

operate correctly.

postprocess

To process satellite data on a computer after it has been collected.

PPK

A type of GNSS survey. Postprocessed kinematic surveys store raw and continuous observations.

The data is postprocessed to achieve centimeter level precisions.

precision

A measure of how closely random variables tend to cluster around a computed value.

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  Glossary

reference plane

A known and constant surface which is used to describe the location of unknown points on the

earth. Since reference datums can have different radii and different center points, a specific point

on the earth can have substantially different coordinates depending on the datum used to make

the measurement.

remotely-operated

Control of an aircraft from a ground controlstation.

remotely-operated aircraft

An aircraft where the operator is not on board the aircraft. This is a subcategory of unmanned

aircraft.

observer

A remote crew member who, by visual observation of the remotely-operated aircraft, assists the

operator in the safe conduct of the flight.

RTK

Real-time kinematic, a type of GNSS survey.

scan area

A polygonal area on the earth's surface where aerial images are recorded.

segregated airspace

Airspace ofspecified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific user(s).

TAF

See terminal aerodrome forecast.

tail wind

A wind that blows from the opposite direction to the direction that the aircraft is flying toward.

takeoff

The initial ascent of the unmanned aircraft. Takeoff immediately follows launch.

telemetry

The science, and associated technology, of the automatic recording and transmission of data from

a remote source to a receiving station for analysis.

terminal aerodrome forecast

A terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a concise statement of the expected meteorological

conditions at an airport during a specified period (usually 24 or 30 hours).

tie point

A point in a digital image or aerial photograph that represents the same location in an adjacent

image or aerial photograph. Tie points are used to correctly orient aerial photo stations to each

other and reference them to the ground based on autonomous GNSS positions recorded when the

photo images are taken.

tracker

The tracker consists of a transmitter inserted in the body of the unmanned aircraft and a receiver. If

required, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signalso the unmanned aircraft can be

located once it has landed.

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  Glossary

UA

See unmanned aircraft.

UAS

See unmanned aircraft system.

unmanned aircraft

An aircraft which is intended to operate remotely. See also unmanned aircraft system (UAS).

unmanned aircraft system

An aircraft and its associated elements which are operated remotely.

visual line-of-sight operation

An operation in which the operator maintains direct visual contact with the aircraft to manage its

flight.

waypoint

A waypoint is a point between major points on a route, as along a track. In terms of the Aerial

Imaging software, a waypoint is located at the beginning and end of each flight line in the scan area.

winglet

The extreme edge of the wing.

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