Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1969 Quarterly Administrative reports

Introductory Note By Thomas L. Wright and Jennifer S. Nakata

Compiled By Jennifer S. Nakata

Summary 53

January, February, and March 1969

By Robert Y. Koyanagi, Steven A. Takeguchi, and Willie T. Kinoshita

Summary 54

April, May, and June 1969

By Robert Y. Koyanagi, Marie S. Onouye, and Elliot T. Endo

Summary 55

July, August, and September 1969

By Robert Y. Koyanagi, Akira Yamamoto, and Patricia Stevenson

Summary 56

October, November, and December 1969

By Arnold T. Okamura, Marie S. Onouye, and Willie T. Kinoshita

Open-File Report 2007-1329

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007

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INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Summaries have been published in the current format since 1956. The Quarterly 

Summaries (1956 through 1973) and the Annual Summaries (1974 through 1985) were originally published as Administrative Reports. These reports have been compiled and published as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports. 

The quarterly reports have been combined and published as one annual summary. All the summaries from 1956 to 

the present are now available as .pdf files at http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod.

The earthquake summary data are presented as a listing of origin time, depth, magnitude, and other location parameters. Network instrumentation, field station sites, and location algorithms are described. Tilt and other deformation 

data are included until Summary 77, January to December 1977. From 1978, the seismic and deformation data are 

published separately, due to differing schedules of data reduction. 

There are eight quarters—from the fourth quarter of 1959 to the third quarter of 1961—that were never published. 

Two of these (4th quarter 1959, 1st quarter 1960) have now been published, using handwritten notes of Jerry Eaton 

(HVO seismologist at the time) and his colleagues. The seismic records for the remaining six summaries went back to 

California in 1961 with Jerry Eaton. Other responsibilities intervened, and the seismic summaries were never prepared.

Chronology

The following Kïlauea eruption chronology covers the two recent reports and the six missing quarters:

Location Beginning Date Ending Date Comment

Kïlauea Iki crater (Kïlauea’s summit) 11/14/1959 12/20/1959 19 eruptive episodes

Kapoho (lower east rift zone) 1/13/1960 2/18/1960 4 eruption stages

Halemaumau (Kïlauea’s summit) 2/24/1961 2/24/1961 Intermittent activity during 

uninterrupted inflation following the 1960 eruption

Halemaumau (Kïlauea’s summit) 3/22/1961 3/25/1961 Same as above.

Halemaumau (Kïlauea’s summit) 7/10/1961 7/17/1961 Same as above.

Heiheiahulu (middle east rift zone) 9/22/1961 9/25/1961 First historical east rift eruption at this location

The 1959-1960 eruptions were among two of the most spectacular Kïlauea eruptions. The HVO staff was kept busy 

with acquisition of unusually high quantities of instrumental data and observations of the two sequences, which 

were separated by less than one month. Even with a year’s interval before the beginning of the summit-east rift sequence in 1961, the staff never caught up, and the seismic records were set aside for later study. 

A total of 1,672 earthquakes—1,106 for 1960 and 566 for 1961—are part of HVO’s cataloged database. The annual 

listings have been appended to the 1st Quarter Report of 1960 and to the 4th Quarter Report for 1961. The number of 

earthquakes is probably low, biased toward the larger magnitudes. The entire HVO catalog, including 1960 and 1961, 

is accessible from the ANSS CATALOG SEARCH site at http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.

 Thomas L. Wright and Jennifer S. Nakata 
UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

SUMMARY 53

January, February, and March 1969

By Robert Y. Koyanagi, Steven A. Takeguchi

and Willie T. Kinoshita~/

Issued September 1970

OBSERVATORY STAFF

Geology

H. A. Powers (Scientist-in-Charge)

D. A. Swans on

Geophysics

D. B. Jackson

George Kojima

R. Y. Koyanagi

Geochemistry

R. T. Okamura

T. L. Wright

Support

C. D. Arakaki

J. C. Forbes

W. H. Francis

B. j. Loucks

M. S. Onouye

S. A. Takeguchi

,Aki ra Yamamot 0

~/National Center of Earthquake Research, Menlo Park,

California.
.. CONTENTS

Page

Summary of activities ------------------------------- 1

Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera -------- 4

Seismic summary ------------------------------------- 7

Illustrations

Figure 1. Map of the island of Hawaii showing seismograph stations and localities mentioned

in the text ---------------------------- 2

2. Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera

between December 2, 1968 and February 5,

1969 ----------------------------------- 6

Tables

Table 1. Tilt coordinates at Uwekahuna vault ------ 4

2. Tilt coordinates and changes at bases

around Kilauea caldera ----------------- 5

3. 'Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor

recorded on seismographs around Kilauea

caldera -------------------------------- 8

4. Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs

of the U.S. Geological Survey ---------- 12

5 · u.S.

in

6. u.S.

in

Geological Survey seismograph stations

Hawaii ------------------------------ 24

'Geological Survey tiltmeter stations

Hawaii ------------------------------ 26
Summary of activities

Kilauea erupted from about 3 miles of fissure in the

upper east rift starting a little before 10 a.m. on February

22, 1969. A swarm of short tremor bursts and small earth~­

quake~ ~farted at 06:27. By nine 6'clock the tremor was

constant, though earthquakes had diminished, and lava appeared

about 09: 50. The 'first crack extended from the northeast rim

of Alae nearly to the base of Kane Nui a Hamo and produced

two flows that rapidly moved south across the Chain of Craters

road. Within the next two hours, the erupting fissure extended

eastward across the north flank of Kane Nui 0 Hamo, and westward across the western mezzanine of Alae, across the Chain

of Craters road and to a point south of the west edge of Alae.

Fountain from Alae mezzanine are forming a new lava lake in

Alae that has filled the eastern pit by late afternoon of

February 23rd. A sluggish aa flow from the eastern fissure

is moving down the new highway, and rached more than a mile

and a half by Sunday afternoon. The eruption continued until

17:15, February 24, and subsequently, the last fountain

activity in Alae Crater subsided. In the afternoon of February

25, the fissure between Alae and Kane Nui 0 Hamo reopened, and

started a second phase of eruption. Fountains nearly 200 feet

high fed a flow, which once again, cascaded lava into Alae

Crater. Activity finally ended on the morning of February 28.

The summit tilt network was run periodically this quarter

to keep track of the inflation in the summit area. Two areas

at the summit continue to inflate following the October 1968

eruption; one, area northeast -,of Halemaumau that began inflating

as the October eruption ended and a new area just west of

Outlet' vault that begun inflating near the first part of this

quarter.

Leveling completed on February 4, 1969, shows t~at the

summit uplifted about 0.2 foot since November. The area near

Makaopuhi seismometer also uplifted ab'out 0.2 in the same time

interval. Near the earliest August 1968 eruption vents, however, a subsidence of about 0~12 foot occurred during the

same time interval.

It appears that, in the summit area, the inflation has not

yet recovered its level of July 1968 before the 2 Upper East

Rift 'eruptions." The line lengths as measured by the Geodimeter

are still shorter than their July 1968 lengths and benchmark

altitudes are still apparently about 0.1 foot lower than their

July levels.

1
EXPLANATION

;"'ECEH:r:::::EH3:0====:::E=::=::3':IO===:::i'? Mile.

• Seismograph Station

o Town or locality

25 Kilometer. 5 ° 5 10 15 20 , A A A e---3 e----;

Contour interval 1,000 feet

Datum is mean seo level

Topography by US Geologicol Survey

Laupahoehoe-- ----- 20 0

WOi~HonOkOO eOoo 0

. Paauilo

a

Figure l.--Map of the Island of Hawaii showing seismograph stations

operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, principal settlements)

and selected geologic features. Epicenters of local earthquakes

are given in table 4 in terms of geographic coordi~ates, which

are. indicated at the edges of the map.

2
A third hole was drilled in Makaopuhi lava lake to the

'island' of crust to which our tramway cable is attached.

Core was obtained from a section of the island root and the

melt below. The crust-melt interface was displaced downwards to about 58 feet beneath the island. Most of the core

is dense, very fine grained basalt, presumably the normal

melt of the lake intruded into and· quenched by the cooler

island root. More vesicular core represents recrystallized

and partially melted crust from the root. The sequence is

similar to that reported last year from Kilauea Iki lava

lake. Drilling extended 8 feet into the melt (66 feet) and

ended when the molten lava moved into the core barrel before

the drilling string could be completely lowered in order to

attempt to drill deeper. We recovered the five-foot sample

of glassy core, which proved to have lost most of its crystals during flow, a phenomenon also observed to have occurred

in earlier samples collected by 'flow-in'.

The drilling rig was successfully removed from the crater

by helicopter on February 11, 1969. We plan tentatively to

re-drill Makaopuhi no later than the summer of 1971 and perhaps earlier as the volcano permits.

3
Tilting of the Ground Around Kilauea Caldera

Tilting of the ground around the summit of Kilauea

is monitored daily by a short-base water-tube tiltmeter

in Uwekahuna Vault, and at irregular intervals it is

measured on a regional scale by means of a network of

field tilt-bases and a portable water-tube tiltmeter.

The attitude of the ground surface at each tilt-base is

reported in terms of north-south and east-west tilt coordinates. Both coordinates at each station were arbitrarily

set equal to 500 when measurements at that station were

begun. Increasing tilt,coordinates correspond to northward

and eastward tilting of the earth's surface; that is, to a

relative subsidence toward the north and east. A one-unit

change in coordinate correspo~ds to a tilting of 1 micror~dian (1 mm per km) in the direction indicated.

Location of and essential data on each tiltmeter

station are listed in table 6" which is published only in

the first quarter issue each year.

4

I
Table 2.--Tilt coordinates and changes at basis around Kilauea calders. (

Rate (10- 6 rad/mo)

Tilt base Date Tilt Coordi nat e s and direction of D

(1969) N-S E-W tilting since 

last reading 

Uwekahuna "( U on 6 Feb 580.9 381.6 13.3 N38.2°W 

fig. 2)

Tree Molds (TM) 6 Feb 472.1 504.6 5.2 N4.5°W 

Sand Spit (88) 4 Feb 875.0 698.4 4.0 Nl8.oow 

Keamoku (Kea). .6 Feb 531.9 431.1 9.6 N60.8°w 

Ahua Kamokukolau 7 Feb 466.3 542.1 11.9 s20.8°E 

(Kam) .

Kipuka Nene (KN)

Hilina Pali (HP)

Kapapala Ranch

( Kap ) .

Mehena (M) 5 Feb 575.3 577.9 2.7 Nll.loE 
Kop

•

,

,

~2000

I

r

....-......

RATE 5 X10- 6 ' RADIANS/MONTH

2, l'968 - FEB 5,1969

5 KM

Figure 2.--Tilting of the ground around Kilauea Caldera

between December 2, 1968, and February 5, 1969. The

vector depicting tilting at a given tilt base points

in the direction of maximum relative subsi~ence and

has a length proportional to the rate of tilting

during the measurement interval. Closed circles represent field tilt bases; open circles, short-base

water-tube tiltmeters. See table 2 for explanation

of abbreviations.

6
Seismic summary

Events recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey seismograph network in Hawaii fall into two categories: Local

earthquakes and tremor originating in the region of the

Hawaiian Islands (usually within 100 kn of at least one

seismograph), and distant earthquakes originating more

than 3,000 km from Hawaii. As an index of seismic activity

activity at Hawaiian volcanoes, daily counts of earthquakes

and minutes of tremor recorded by seismographs in Hawaii

are listed in table 3. The earthquakes are separated in

groups on the basis of region of origin as determined by

analysis of records obtained daily at the observatory

(U, M, Mx, A, D, N, WP, MP, Kx, 0). Earthquakes of

magnitude 2.0 or greater are generally sufficiently well

r~corded to be located with greater precision; they are

listed individually in table 4.

Location of and essential data on each seismograph

station are listed in table 5 in the first-quarter issue

each year.

Acknowledgments

Several people or agencies reported "felt" earthquakes during the first quarter, 1969. Their assistance

is gratefully acknowledged.

7
Table 3.--Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismograph

Kilauea' Caldera

Tremor is separated into three categories: deep, intermediate, and shallow, on the 

relative amplitudes on seismographs in the summit region. Unless otherwise state

is presumed to be associated with movement of magma within the central complex o

Earthquake categories are: Kilauea summit, 30 km, earthquakes from a source about 

the Kilauea summit region; long-period, earthquakes characterized by low-frequenc

that originate about 5 km beneath Kilauea summit; and shallow earthquakes in the 

Caldera region; shallow earthquakes along the SW. rift zone of Kilauea and the a

tion of the Kaoiki fault system; earthquakes along the eastern half of Kilauea's 

zone--detected largely on the Pahoa seismograph; earthquakes from the upper east 

and the adjacent fault of Kilauea's south flank; and earthquakes from oth

west Hawaii, Mauna Kea, etc.

Tremor Earthquakes

(m = minutes Kilauea Summit h = hours)

Date I SW rift Eastern Up

(1969) Inter- Long and east ea

Deep mediate Shallow 30KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift rif

January 1 3 104 43 2 27 

2 1 97 9 1

3 92 8 28 

4 63 5 29 

5 120 29 

6 5m 1 290 6 22 

7 139 16 1 43

8 1 89 9 23 

9 122 6 26 

10 3 87 11 3

11 2 44 122 16 37 

12 2 36 73 5 30 

13 3 5 89 18 25 

14 6m 2 76 9 26 
Janua,ry 15

2

7 70 14 III 

16

4 14 III

7 55

17 13m 1 7 78 10 50

18 6m

2 93 14 145 

19 13 1 77 13 47 

20

2

7 87 14 19

21 31m 106 13 42

22 3 353

7 28 

23 6m 28 130 18 30 

24 1 8 143 11 1 24

25 1 18 116

9 24 

26

2 58

6 30 

27 54 14 26

28

9 72 13 41

29

2 52 16 35 

30 3m 1 4 47 15 1 33

31 89 14 27 

\()

February 1 1 3 140 12 19 

2

2 90

6 22

3 51

4 19

4 57

9 18 

5 62 5 3 20 

6 64 8 16

7

2

6 61

9 1 22

8 6 73 11 48

9 3m 5 72

4 158

10

2

2 83

4 70

11

2 3 155 8 25 

12 2 3 81 10 70

13 ,I 136 17 36

14 1 3 176 10 3 16

15 1 150 13 1 25

16

2 60 300 5 1 31

17

7 200 109 3 3 21 

18

2 380 5 1 26 

19 3 180 5 25 

20

4 180

7

21 138

7 3
I-'

o

Table 3.--Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs 

Kilauea Caldera--Continued

Tremor Earthquakes

(m = minutes Kilauea Summit h = hours)

Date SW rift Eastern Upp

(1969) Inter- Long and east eas

Deep mediate Shallow 30KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift rif

February 22 -- -- 2 -- 

23 24h 9 29 9 -- 

24 60m 24h 5 19 5 -- 

25 24h 7 15 31 10 -- 

26 6h 24h 3 28 8 1 -- 

27 2h 24h 6 30 5 1 --

28 2 495 38 12 3 -- 

On Fe 22, lav a eruI ted for a few days between Alae Crai er a

Nui 0 Hamo on the east rift zone. Th e Makaopulhi raph linE was 

the lava flow (-- = sta tion cut of or(Ier) .

March 1 1 1 . 42 I 13 2 -- 

2 17 5 10 33 11 40

3 7 1 49 6 24 

4 6 7 50 6 2 17 

5 3 11 71 10 -- 

6 3 4 57 11 1 60 

7 4 2 73 11 1 60

8 2 88 10 2 30 

9 3 2 72 8 45 

10 26 4 2 73 14 6011 1 4 83 11 1 35 

12 5 2 86 12 30

13 3 92 10 1 26 

14 2 III 9 40 

15 3 6 2 110 12 1 78 

I

Table 4.--Local earthquakes reCorded by seismographs of the U.S. Geologica

January, February, March

Entries for a given quake are: Date, origin time (Hawaiian Standard Time), magnit

epicenter, and felt report. All earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 and larger, as wel

favorably located smaller ones, occurring on or near the' island of Hawaii are in

list.

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. Description - -

January 1 02-47-27.8 4.2 13 20°06' 157°52' 150 km SE of Kipapa, Oah

3 01-53-57.9 2.4 9 19°24.1' 155°28.3' 13 km NW of Desert

seismometer

5 17-25-00.2 3.6 10 19°19.8' 155°13.2' 7 km SW of Makaopuhi 

seismometer 

5 18-31-26.7 3.0 10 19°18.8' 155°13.3' 8 km SW of Makaopuhi 

seismometer 

7 07-59-05.4 2.0 10 19°19.8' 155°13.0' 7 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

8 14-00-41.0 2.8 8 19°24.2' 155°26.3' 9 km NW of Desert seismometer

9 17-25-12.3 2.5 25 19°24.0' 155°18.8' 2 km SW of Kilauea Calde

10 22-38-52.2 2.0 9 19°22.0' 155°02.5' 7 km NW of Kalapana

12 07-22-17.5 2.3 13 19°39.5' 155°26.4' 14, kin SE of Pohakuloa

.-
Table 4.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of. the U.S. Geologica

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h m .§.. Lat. N. Long. W. Description - -

anuary 12 11-06-47.2 2.3 0 19°27.2' 155°48.2' 14 km SE of Kealakekua

13 18-30-08.9 2.0 3 19°19.8' 155°47.8' 12 km BE of Hookena

14 17-21-24.5 2.3 8 19°26.0' 155°28.1' 11 km BW of Mauna Loa

seismometer

14 17-35-22.3 2.1 8 19°51.9' 155°31.9' 8 km NW of Mauna Kea

summit

14 21-37-06.0 3.8 8 19°47.7' 155°30.9' 6 km BW of Mauna Kea 

summit 

16 00-02-07.5 2.3 9 19°21.3' 155°03.8' 9 km NW of Kalapana

16 07-48-41.6 2.0 9 19°24.0' 155°25.3' 8 km NW of Desert

seismometer

16 10-50-15.5 2.5 40 19°13.2' 155°21.0' 14 km NE of Pahala

17 12-41-59.6 2.3 9 19°20.2' 155°11.9' 5 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

20 05-55-26.0 3.2 8 19°22.3' 155°29.9' 12 km NW of Desert 

seismometer

J
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S. Geological 

January! February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h !!!. .§.. Lat. N. Long . w. Description -

anuary 21 23-22-41.6 2.5 10 19°19.7' 155°12.7' 6 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

21 23-29-51.8 2.1 10 19°18.0' 155°12.8' 5 km NW of Apua Point

22 05-15-32.7 2.6 0 19°32.7' 155°48.2' 13 km NE of Kealakekua

23 05-30-14.1 "2.2 9 19°20.8' 155°08.1' 4 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

23 18-20-48.6 2.7 8 19°24.8' 155°26.0' 10 km NW of Desert 

seismometer

23 21-04-39.0 2.7 55 19°26.5' 154°59.2' 7 km SW of Pahoa

24 01-48-36.7 2.4 8 19°26.1' 154°53.2' 5 km SW of Pohoiki

24 14-06-20.5 2.6 3 19°22.3' 155°47.0' 13 km ESE of Hookena

24 16-58-27.0 2.9 30 19°23.3' 155°18.6' 3 km SW of Kilauea Calder

25 09-07-36.2 2.0 9 19°19.5' 155°08.6' 5 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

25 19-18-02.9 2.0 9 19°20.8' 155°08.0' 5 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

J
Table 4.--Local recorded by seismographs of. the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

......

VI

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h m Lat. N. Long. W. Description - -

January 25 23-16-53.9 2.0 9 19°19.9' 155°11.3' 4 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

26 08-41-20.9 2.2 9 19°19.3' 155°13.2' 7 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

26 12-58-32.0 2.6 29 19°22.1' 155°17.3' 3 km SW of Ahua seismometer

27 06-03-30.5 2.8 8 19°52.1' 155°34.2' 9 km NE of Waikii

28 07-34-37.1 3.2 8 19°24.0' 155°24.9' 8 km NW of Desert 

seismometer

28 10-44-19.1 2.0 13 20°52' 155°05' 95 km NE of Honokaa28 11-22-26.4 2.5 9 19°21.0' 155°07.7' 5 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

29 05-34-36.3 2.5 8 19°24.5' 155°53.2' 3 km NE of Hookena

30 02-26-43.6 2.0 11 19°20.4' 155°08.7' 4 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

30 06-07-01.7 2.2 10 19°22.2' 155°04.0' 11 km E of Makaopuhi

seismometer

31 02-05-48.3 2.4 30 19°45.8' 154°59.0' 12 km NE of Hilo
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of. the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h !!!. Lat. N. Long. W. Description -

February 2 15-05-58.4 2.0 10 19°17.2' 155°12.7' 4 km NW of Apua Point

3 01-15-47.3 2.9 13 19°37' 156°28' 60 km W of Kealakekua

3 14-42-10.2 2·.0 0 19°28.3' 155°49.0' "12 km BE of Kealakekua

\

4 07-51-51.3 2.4 8 0..9°24.2' 155°26.0' 8 km NW of Desert 

seismometer

4 21-15-23.1 2.5 13 0-8°35' 156°01' 50 km SW of Kalae Point

5 14-14-46.4 2.1 9 0-9°20.3' 155°08.3' 4 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

5 20-01-50.6 2.4 9 0-9°20.6' 155°14.7' 4 km SE of Ahua s e i smome

6 21-58-52.8 2.0 9 19°20.6' 155°11.5' 4 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

6 3.5 45 19°12.3' 155°21.2' 13 km E of Pahala 

7 05-59-36.6 3.5 30 19°21.3' 155°23.1' 2 km NE of Desert \......', ..1 

seismometer 

'. 
Table 4.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of. the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h E! Lat. N. Long. w. Description -

February 8 04-12-20.7 2.0 25 tl9°24.0' 155°15.2' 2 km SE of Kilauea -Caldera

8 06-28-45.5 2.0 10 19°20.7' 155°06.3' 7 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

8 22-56-43.8 3.3 10 19°20.3' 155°09.0' 3 km SE of Makaopuhi 

seismometer

9 16-24-42.2 4.1 10 19°20.2' 155°08.1' 5 km SE of Makaopuhi 

seismometer 

10 10-55-08.0 2.5 31 156°22' 55 km WSW of Upo1u Point

10 21-29-59.3 2.1 10 0-9°20.0' 155°09.2' 3 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

11 04-49-34.4 3.2 8 0-9°25.5' 156°02.5' 17 km SW of Kealakekua

11 13-09-12.8 2.0 0 tL9°51.9' 155°26.9' 5 km NE of MaunaKea

Summit
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of. the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h m Lat. N. Long. W. Description - -

February 11 13-42-02.6 2.0 0 19°52.3' 155°25.5' 7 km NE of Mauna Kea Summit

12 01-34-18.5 2.1 3 19°53.3' 155°24.1' 11 km NE of Mauna Kea

Summit

I

13 03-05-01.9 2.1 20 19°26.2' 155°15.4' 1 km NE of Kilauea

f-J 14 07-22-44.0 19°19.8' 155°12.0' SW of Makaopuhi co 2.3 10 5 km

seismometer

14 16-03-52.4 2.0 8 19°49' 156°09' 13 km NW of Keahole Point

14 18-26-39.8 2.2 3 19°34.0' 155°56.9' 6 km NW of Kealakekua

14 20-48-31.7 2.4 10 19°20.3' 155°07.7' 5 km SE of Makaopuhi 

seismometer

17 00-42-00.6 3.3 10 19°18.7' 155°13.1' 7 km NW of Apua Point 

17 00-59-19.2 2.2 10 19°18.5' 155°13.5' 7 km NW of Apua Point

20 02-16-07.4 2.4 10 19°19.2' 155°13.2' 7 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

..
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

I--'

'\0

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h Lat. N • Long. w. Description -

February 22 12-24-23.5 3. 5 13 19°30' 156°20' 44 km W of Kealakekua

22 14-37-12.3 2.0 5 19°22.1' 155°12.3' 4 km W of Makaopuhi

seismometer

22 14-54-10.7 2.0 7 0..9°21 .. 9' 155°13.0' 5 km E of Ahua seismomete22 16-27-19.0 2.4 30 tL9°27.2' 155°12.3' TO km NE of Uwekahuna

seismometer

23 14-55-05.0 3.2 8 19°31.5' 155°37.4' 6 km NW of Mokuaweoweo

Caldera

23 14-56-26.3 2.5 8 0-9°32.2' 155°36-.8' 7 km NW of Mokuaweoweo

Caldera

23 15-48-23.4 2.4 7 19°31.2' 155°36.6' 4 km NW of Mokuaweoweo

Caldera

24 18-35-11.7 2.5 8 19°10.3' 155°38.5' 14 km NW of Naalehu

26 00-28-08.0 2.0 10 19°19.7' 155°02.0' 7 km SW of Kalapana

26 12-12-49.7 2.6 25 19°22.1' 155°18.7' 4 km SW of Kilauea Calder26 12-52-23.0 2.0 8 tL9°15.2' 155°25.8' 8 km NE of Pahala
f\)

, 0

Table 4.--Local recorded by seismographs of. the u.s. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

t;ude (km) 

.}1 m Lat. N. Long. W·. Description - -

February 28 07-33-35.0 3.7 32 19°18.8' 155°24.7' 4 km SW of Desert 

seismometer 

28 17-40-41.9 3'.7 8 19°25.5' 155°26.2' '10 km SW of Mauna Loa 

seismometer

28 19-03-07.0 .2.0 0 19°31.2'. 155°43.0' 2-1 km E of Kealakekua

March 1 07-09-18.5 2.5 8 20°00' 155°21' 5 km SE of Paauilo

1 08-45-36.4 2.2 8 19°23.7'. 155°25.9' 7 km NW of Desert

seismometer

2 12-56-55.9 3.0 8 19°24.2' 155°25.8' 9 km NW of Desert

-

seismometer

4 10-27-19.9 2.1 8 19°22.8' 155°25.0' 5 km NW of Desert

seismometer

4 18-16-10.3 3.6 35 18°59.5' 155°29.3' 13 km SE of Naalehu 

4 18-30-14.3 2.3 30 19°20.2' 155°19.4' 7 km E of Desert 

seismometer

6 01-50-42.7 2.2 30 19°21.9' 155°20.3' 8 km SW of Uwekahuna

s·eismometer

I{
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude· (km) 

h m Lat. N. Long. w. Description - -

March 6 04-54-26.4 2.4 13 80°44' 155°06' 14 km ESE of Haleakala,

Maui

8 05-25-51.2 2.5 9 tL9°19.8' 155°07.2' 6 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

9 03-08-06.1 2.4 9 0-9°18.9' 155°06.8' 8 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

9 16-08-38.0 2.2 8 0..9°32.7' 155°39.3' 10 km NW of Mokuaweoweo

Caldera

10 20-15-05.2 2.2 30 0..9°22.9' 155°16.8' 2 km S of Kilauea Caldera

11 00-36-55.4 2.1 9 0.9°17.0' 155°11.6' 3 km N of Apua Point

11 03-35-07.6 3.5 27 119°23.5' 155°16.9' 1 km S of Kilauea Caldera 

11 04-48-47.5 2.2 9 0-9°18.2' 155°12.0' 5 km N of Apua Point

11 10-10-13.2 3.7 8 19°13.2' 155°27.9' 3 km NE of Pahala 
I\)

f\)

Table 4. --Lo cal earthquake s rec orded by se i smograph s of. the u. S. Geologi cal 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h m Lat. N. Long. W. Description - -

March 11 17-54-51.1 2.1 35 19°26.0' 155°31.2' 8 km SE of Mokuaweoweo

Caldera

13 00-21-32.7 2.8 13 19°19' 156°22' 50 km W of Hookena

13 07-47-40.4 2.0 13 19°25.5' 155°17.8' Near Uwekahuna

15 02-49-35.9 2.3 0 19°52.7' 155°42.8' 7 km NW of Waikii

16 07-33-27.1 2.5 10 19°41' 156°10' 13 km SW of Keahole Point

16 13-23-18.9 2.2 13 19°26.2' 155°35.5' 2 km S of Mokuaweoweo

Caldera

17 03-51-00.3 2.7 8 19°45.6' 155°26. ' 8 km SE of Mauna Kea

Summit

18 06-40-04.7 2.3 8 19°11.9' 155°36.7' 15 km NW of N°aalehu

19 04-40-38.0 2.8 8 19°24.2' 155°25.8' 8 km NW of Desert 

seismometer 

20 15-41-35.6 2.0 15 19°29.8' 155°16.2' 9 km NE of Uwekahuna

seismometer

22 16-51-24.3 2.0 10 19°17.7' 155°04.4' 13 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

I. 'I f
I\)

w

Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of. the U.S. Geological 

January, February, March 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter 

tude (km) 

h m Lat. N. Long. w. Description - -

March 23 07-03-11.3 2.4 10 19°19.3' 155°06.8' 8 km SE of Makaopuhi

seismometer

23 19-25-36.6 2.7 35 19°18.7' 154°48.9' 18 km SE of Ka1apana

24 08-45-29.2 2.4 0 n.9°29.0' 155°48.0' 13 km SE of Kealakekua

24 20-51-14.0 2.8 3 119°39' 156°22' 33 km SW of Keahole Point

25 18-36-07.8 2.4 13 G.9°24.8' 155°17.5' West Kilauea Caldera

27 23-53-56.6 2.6 28 19°19.0' 155°21.2' 4 km SE of Desert

seismometer

28 07-03-12.0 2.8 13 19°54.6' 155°20.5' 1 km SW of Keanako1u

29 06-14-18.5 2.2 10 19°20.2' 155°01.7' 5 km SW of Ka1apana

29 09-54-53.0 2.6 13 20°01.4' 155°21.9' 2 km S of Paauilo

29 21-24-21.9 2.3 10 19°19.2' 155°12.0' 7 km SW of Makaopuhi

seismometer

30 03-46-20.5 3.0 3 20°04.1' 155°22.2' 4 km N of Paauilo
Table 5.--U.S. Geological Survey seismograph stations in Hawaii

[On island of Hawaii unless otherwise stated]

Station Symbol Location

Lat N. Long W.

Altitude

(ni )

above sea

level

Equipment

(Z, vertical; N, north-south; E

Uwekahuna

(Hawaiian

Volcano

Observatory)

U Long-range Press-Ewing: E, 

(Seismometer and galvanometer 

15 -and 90 seconds, respectivel

Short-period Sprengnether: E, 

HVO-l: Z!-I

Mauna Loa M 19°29.8' 155°23.3' 2,010

Ahua A '19°22.4' 155°15.9' 1,070

Mauna Loa ( 2 ) M(2) 19°27.6' 155°20.7' 1,475

Desert D 19°20.2' 155°23.3' 815

f\) North Pit N 19°24.9' 155°17.0' 1,115 .,J::- West Pit WP 19°24.7' 155°17.5' 1,115

Makaopuhi MP 19°21.8' 155° 10 ..7 ' 885

Kealakomo K 19°18.5·' 155°09.6' 201

Outlet 0 19°23.4' 155°16.8' 1,084

Kipuka Nene KN 19°20.1' 155°17.4' 924

Cone Peak CP 19°23.7' 155°19.7' 1,038

Hil0 Hi 19°43.2' 155°05.3' 20

Kipapa, Oahu Kip 21°25.4' 158°00.9' 76

Pahoa Pa 19°29.7' 154°56.8' 205

Short-base liquid-level tiltmet

Remote recording HVO-2:

Do.

Remote recording 1.0 sec. EV-17 

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do. (installed Sept. 28, 19

Do.

Do. (installed Sept. 21, 19

Do. (installed Nov. 8, 1967

HVO-l: Z

Wood-Anderson: N, E. Operate

De Mello at Joseph's Schoo

HVO-l: Z. Operated by U.S. Co

Geodetic Survey.

HVO-l: Z. Operated by Kongo K

Pahoa School.
at '

Haleakala, Maui

Naalehu

Kamuela

North Bay

Kealakekua

HA

Na

Ka

NB

Ke

2,090

205

740

4,005

505

HVO-I: Z.

Wood-Anderson: N, E. Operate

of Haleakala National Park, M

1.0 sec. EV-17 seismometer, 0

galvanometer: Z. Operated by 

Elarionoff at Naalehu School.

1.0 sec. EV-17, 0.286 sec. ga

Operated by Mrs. P. Hall at R

1.0 sec. EV-17: Z. with helic

Operated by u.S. Weather Bure

1.0 sec. EV-17, 0.286 seQ. galv

Z, EW, and NS. Operated by H

Kona County Hospital.

f\)

V1

is a moving-coil, hinged, vertical-component seismograph with seismome

galvanometer periods ·of 0.5 second. Overdamping of both seismometer and galvanomet

used to control the strong galvanometer reaction. This sei·smograph has a peak magn

of about 20,000 at a period of 0.25 second. Recording is optical, on photographic 

2/RVO-2 is a moving-coil, vertical-component seismograph with a seismometer .pe

0.8 second. Its signal is transmitted over telephone wires to the Hawaiian Volcano 

vatory, where it is recorded on smoked-paper recorders.
Table 6.--U.8. Geological Survey tiltmeter

stations in Hawaii·

Location Frequency Base

Station Symbol . of length Description

Lat. N. Long. W. reading M

Tree" Molds TM 19°26.3' 155°17.3' Quarterly 50.79 NS. and EW.

Sand Spit SS 19°24.1' 155°16.8' ---do--- 25.40 Equilateral

triangle.

Keamoku Kea 19°25.1' 155°19.0' ---do--- 47.55 Do.

Ahua

Kamokuko1au Kam 19°22.7' 155°16.6' ---do--- 50.79 Do.

Kipuka Nene KN 19°19.4' 155°16.7' ---do--- 50.79 Do.

Hi1ina Pali HP 19°18.2' 155°18.6' ---do--- 47.73 Do.

Kapapa1a

Ranch Kap 19°20.5' 155°23.8' ---do--- 50.79 Do.

Mehana M 19°26.2' 155°14.3' ---do--- 25.00 Do.

Uwekahuna U 19°25.5' 155°17.4' ---do--- 50.79 Do.

Uwekahuna

Vault 19°25.4' 155°17.6' Daily 3.48 NS. and EW.

26
UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

SUMMARY 54

April, May, and June 1969

By Robert Y. Koyanagi, Marie S. Onouye

and Elliot T. Endo~/

Issued September 1970

OBSERVATORY STAFF

Geology

H. A. Powers (Scientist-in-Charge)

D. A. Swanson

Geophysics

D. B. Jackson

George Kojima

R. Y. Koyanagi

Geochemistry

R. T. Okamura

T. L. Wright

Support

C. D. Arakaki

J. C. Forbes

W. H. Francis

B. J. Loucks

M. S. Onouye

S. A. Takeguchi

Akira Yamamoto

~/National Center of Earthquake Research, Menlo Park,

California.
CONTENTS

Page

Summary of activities -------------------------- 1

Tilting of the ground around Kilauea calders --- 8

Seismic summary -------------------------------- 9

Illustrations

Figure 1. Map of the island of Hawaii showing

seismograph stations and localities

mentioned in the text ------------- 2

2. Tilting of the ground around Kilauea

caldera (data not available this

quarter) -----------~--------------

Tables

Table 1. Tilt coordinates at Uwekahuna vault -- 8

2. Tilt coordinates and changes at bases

around Kilauea caldera (data not

available this quarter) ------------

3. Number of earthquakes and minutes of

tremor recorded on seismographs

around Kilauea caldera ------------- 10

4. Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the u.s. Geological

Survey ---~------------------------- 14
Summary of activities~/

May-June Kilauea east rift eruptions

After approximately 3 months of quiescence the east

rift of Kilauea begin erupting at about 04:45 on May 24.

Initial fountaining apparently began from a fissure that

crossed the northern part of Aloi Crater and extended as

far east as due north of the west edge of Alae. The

fissure quickly spread westward, crossing the Chain of

Craters road at the north edge of the Alai steam flat.

Several earthquakes were felt by local residents at

about this time. The fissure continued to spread westward--much as the February 22 fissure did--and crossed

the Ainahou Ranch road about 450 meters south of the

Chain of Craters road. Fountains from this fissure were

plainly visible from the Observatory. The fissure finally reached as far west as about 150 meters west of the

Ainahou road--the farthest an eruptive fissure has penetrated into the Koae fault zone during historic time.

The western part of the fissure follow faithfully the

pre-existing Koae fault trend, curving in just the right

places. In fact, the fissure seems to follow precisely

an older Koae crack--the largest crack north of the

Kalanaokuaiki Pali. Vertical 9 x 9 inch color aerial

photographs show that fountaining was concentrat~d in

two areas--one from west of the Ainahou road to the Chain

of Craters road, the other about halfway between Alai and

Alae Craters. (This last area has been the site of all

subsequent activity.) The photos show that Alai Crater

had been filled by 25 meters of lava, nearly all of which

had already drained back down the eruptive fissure that

cut the floor. The photos further show that the floor

of Alae Crater was already covered with new lava and that

more was cascading in. The line of February spatter cones

just west of Alae that had been such a tourist attraction

was in the process of being buried by a flow moving downslope from the fissure, and by the next day only the tips

of the higher cones remained. Even these were covered

3 days later, and now all that remains of them is an

abrupt change in slope in the new lava that covers them.

Lava from the .western fissure line flowed southward

before being dammed by the Kalanaokuaiki Pali, thereby

saving the Ainahou Ranch from inundation. Nearly all of

~/Taken from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USGS monthly

reports.

I
EXPLANATION

.. Seismograph Station

o Town or locality

5E;HCEH3::l:H3:0====::::i:====3IO===:::J1? Mil..

Figure l.--Map of the Island of Hawaii showing seismograph stations

operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, principal settlements,

and selected geologic features. Epicenters of local earthquakes

are given in table 4 in terms of geographic coordinates, which

are indicated at the edges of the map.

2
the area bounded by the Ainahou road, the Pali, a line

south of Aloi, and the fissure was covered by new lava.

Most activity stopped by 22:00, May 24, but an

observation flight at 10:30, May 25, showed weak fountaining from the major vent area between Alai and Alae.

This activity ended sometime later in the day. An estimated 4.5 x 10 6 cubic meters of lava was erupted.

Tremor continued to be recorded by the portable

seismometer on May 26 and May 27, and we were quite sure

that the eruption had not ended. Sure enough, at 19:00,

May 27, phase 2 fountaining resumed at the vent area

between Aloi and Alae. Summit tilt delayed change until

22:45, when slow deflation began. Flows spread eastward

into Alae and southward across the lava flows of phase I

and February 22. By 17:00, May 28, the flow moving southward was about 1.5 km south of Alae, and summit tilt was

still recording deflation. Tremor and tilt drop stopped

within the space of 3 minutes at 09:20, May 29, and phase

2 had ended. About 3.5 x 10 6 cubic meters of lava erupted

in phase 2. Strain and tilt changes for both phases 1

and 2 were small.

During phase 2, two vent areas were established in

the main fountaining area between Aloi and Alae. These

are hereafter called the eastern and western vent areas.

A high spatter rampart separated the two, and spatter

ramparts encircled the entire area. Both vent areas would

fountain during each phase, but fountains from the eastern,

and deeper, vent area were consistently higher. During

interphase periods, sloshing and bubbling sounds could be

heard from the eastern vent area, and we correlated these

sounds with the continuous tremor that was being recorded

by temporary seismometers placed at Aloi and near the

Hilina Pali-Chain of Craters road junction. Never was

lava visible in the fissure, however, and we were continually guessing as to what the sounds and tremor meant--degassing of stagnant lava, or evidence of active magma

waiting to erupt. Needless to say, each phase gave us

confidence in the latter lnterpretation, and it is now

clear that the eruption should actually' be considered as

being continuous since May 24.

Phase 3 began at 13:30 on June 12 with no premonitory

tremor or earthquakes. Our survey party happened on the

scene minutes after the eruption had begun. Fountaining

then was only 3-4 meters high but grew into 100-meter

high showers within 2 hours. The crew watched lava

3
advance down the May 27 channel leading southward from the

fount~ins, and soon the vigorous flow filled and overflowed

the channel. This flow eventually cascaded brilliantly

over the Poliokeawe fault scarp, on down over the even

steeper Holei fault scarp, and spread slowly seaward as an

aa flow toward Apua Point. It stopped before noon on June

13, leaving its distal marg~n about a kilometer from the

beach at Apua. A small amount of lava again poured into

Alae Crater. The volume of_ erupted lava for this phase

was about 4.0 x 10 6 cubic meters.

Phase 4, which began from the same vent area at 21:4~,

June 25, finally did it. Lava fed by the 220 meter high

fountains poured across the June 12-13 lava, cascaded over

Poliokeawe and Holei Palis, and reached the sea about a

kilometer east of Apua Point at 08:35, June 26, an hour

and a half after fount~ining had ceased in the vent area.

The aa "flow" that reached the ocean is more aptly described as a "trickle. n. Muc·h pumice was produced by these

fountains, and the parking lot and roadway at Alai were

buried beneath 50 cm of the stuff. More lava poured into

Alae, raising the floor to about 30-35 meters of the rim.

About 4.5 cubic meters of lava was erupted during the

fourth phase.

The days preceding the outbreak of the erup~ion on

May 24 showed high counts of earthquakes from the upper

east rift and shallow caldera area. Bursts of 20 to 40

quakes per 2-hour periods were commonly recorded on'

Makaopuhi and North Pit seismographs. Caldera quakes

'. dropped off early on May 23, but rift quakes continued

high and reached a peak of nearly 200 at the time of the

onset of tremor, about 04:45, May 24. strong tremor and

.large numbers of rift quakes coincided with the fountainirig of phases 1 and 2. Since early June, except for a few

moderate-sized swarms of earthquakes, the eruption assumed

a monotonous seismic pattern of high harmonic tremor

during phases and relative quiescence during inter-phases.

Stations at moderate distances from the eruption site showed

no tremor a few hours aft~r a phase, but intermittent recordings taken on a portable seismomete~ near Aloi indicated that local tremor fluctuates continually between

phases.

The tie-in of the summit magma chamber(s) to the

active rift zone was again noted. The eruption area was

the main source of tremor, but immediately after major

fountain activity, a secondary tremor source near the

summit became quite obvious on the West Pit seismograms.

4
Tremor readings taken with the portable seismograph

immediately after a phase also suggested relatively high

tremor amplitudes at the summit and a possible link southeast to the site of eruption. A large number of tremorlike bursts beneath the caldera (referred to long-period

caldera quakes), usually recorded just after an eruptive

phase seem to indicate further activity of magma. These

post-phase seism~c activities generally fit times of

rapid summit re-inflation, as recorded by the ideal

Aerosmith E-W tiltmeter at Uwekahuna.

The May 24 eruption did not come unexpected. Strain

and tilt data indicated that another eruptive event was

in the final stage of gestation. Cumulative caldera

strains were higher than before the February eruption, and

the E-W Uwekahuna tilt had recovered about 90 percent

of the 40 microradians lost in February.

On May 23 the flank eruption was preceded by a 5 microradian collapse in the Uwekahuna recording tiltmeter.

During the early hours of the 24th accompanying the development of tremor amplitude was a sharp ,drop in the Uwekahuna

tilt. The Uwekahuna tilt dropped nearly 15 microradians

in less than 24 hours after beginning of the eruption.

After a small recovery the tilt dropped till the 29th of

May for a total collapse of 25 x 10- 6 radians in. less than

7 days. The Uwekahuna tilt recovered 14 microradians before the June 12 eruption. This recovery was quickly lost

with the onset of the outbreak in the Aloi-Alae area. Like

on previous 'events of the year, the tilt began a rapid recovery with the termination of surface activity.

Releveling during mid-April and on 27-28 May revealed

interesting altitude changes not only at the summit and

eruption area, but also on the south-east flank of Kilauea.

Data from the mid~April run showed a maximum summit uplift of +11 cm and a maximum uplift of +30 cm near Kane

Nui a Hamo. Unlike the summit and east rift, the southeast flank showed negative changes of -4 cm on the Hilina

Pali and Chain of Craters road and about -3 cm on the

Ainahou road.

The May 24 eruption did not change the sense of deformation significantly. The May 27-28 run showed a net uplift of 8 cm in the summit area with a shift in the center

of inflation to the vicinity of Outlet vault. (1 1/2 - 2

km south of previous center.) Like in the February 22

eruption, the eruption area had been uplifted. A maximum

5
of +42 cm was recorded less than a 1/4 kilometer south of

Aloi crater. A new center of uplift, a kilometer south of

Makaopuhi crater showed a change of +14 cm since the April

run.

:In deformation studies, coinciding with the leveling

efforts are measurements of a horizontal strain. More

recently, of these labors, the geodimeter/geodolite operation is the most 'impressive. Between 24-27 February and

21-23 April the summit lines extended by centimeters.

Peripheral lines contracted by 25% to 50% less than the

maximum summit extensions. Asymmetry of summit strains

continued to be evident.

Notes of other events

In the latter part of March, as .part of the continuing studies of the lower east rift, Willie Kinoshita,

Robert Decker, and several members of the Kilauea Job

Corps reran the Pahoa-Kalapana-Kupaupau tide gage level

line and the Pahoa-Pohoiki level line in the Puna area.

'The lower east rift has continued to ihflate during the

interval 1965-1969 and the maximum u~lift since 1958 has

been about 0.6 to 0.7 feet at the south end of the new

section of straight road constructed over the 1955 flows.

During mid-April a drilling program was initiated

on the Alae lava lake formed during the February eruption.

On April 14 we bottomed the first hole at 9.7 feet; 'with

re.latively p·oor core recovery. The crust melt interface

was at a depth of about 7.5 feet. Alae lava lake drilling ceased with ·the loss of the drill and related equipment by an inundation of Alae with lava from the May 24

vents.

Several additional seismic ob~ervations were noteworthy during this quarter. At 04 36m, 7,May, a moderatesized 4.7 magnitude quake located 65 km east-northeast of

Hana, Maui was felt by residenfis gf Hana, Kohala, and

Kamuela. A larger event at 15 33 , 9 May, located 10 km

beneath the east rift of Kilauea registered 5.0 in magnitude. The latter event was felt island-wide (with one

report of minor damage in Hilo). At least one'of the 50

or so aftershocks was felt at the Volcano.

The number of shallow caldera quakes during the quar-

'ter ranged from about 50 to 500 per day. During this same

period were several small summit deflations, superposed

on the general long term trend of inflation that corresponded to highs and lows of seismic activity.,

6
The pattern appears to be an increase in shallow quake

count .with continued build-up of tilt followed by a decrease in quake count coinciding with the small tilt

collapse.

7
Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera

Tilting of the ground around the summit of Kilauea

is monitored daily by a short-base water-tube tiltmeter

in Uwekahuna Vault, and at irregular intervals it is

measured on a regional scale by ~eans of a network of

field tilt-bases and a portable water-tube tiltmeter.

The attitude of ~he ground surface at each tilt-base is

r~ported in terms of north-south and east-west tilt

coordinates. Both coordinates at each station were

arbitrarily set equal to 500 when measurements at that

station were begun. Increasing tilt coordinates correspond to northward and eastward tilting of the earth's

surface; that is, to a relative subsidence toward the

north and east. A one-unit change in coordinate corresponds to a tilting of 1 microradian (1 mm per km) in the

direction indicated.

Location of and essential data on each tiltmeter

station are listed in table 6, which is published only

in the first quarter issue each year.

Table 1.--Ti1t coordinates at Uwekahuna

April, May, and June 1969

Date N-S E-W Date N-S E-W (1969) (1969)

April 6 535 415 May 18 548 407

13 536 416 25 545 420

20 539 412 June 1 541 427

27 542 410 8 545 419

May 4 546 406 15 543 424

11 546 407 22 546 419

29 543 427

8
Seismic summary

Events recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey seismograph network in Hawaii fall into two categories:

Local earthquakes and tremor originating in the region of

the Hawaiian Islands (usually within 100 km of at least

one seismograph-), and distant earthquakes originating

more than 3,000 km from Hawaii. As an index of seismic

activity at Hawaiian volcanoes, daily counts of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded by seismographs in

Hawaii are listed in Table 3. The earthquakes are separa~

ted in groups on the basis of region of origin as determined by analysis of records obtained daily at the observatory (see Table 5 for list of stations). Earthquakes of

magnitude 2.0 or greater are generally sufficiently well

recorded to be located with greater precision; they are

listed individually in Table 4.

Location of and essent-ial data on each seismograph

station are listed in Table 5 in the first-quarter issue

each year.

Acknowledgments

Several people and agencies reported "felt" earthquakes during the second quarter, 1969. Their assistance

is gratefully acknowledged.

9
Table 3.--Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismograph

Kilauea Caldera

Tremor is separated into three categories: deep, intermediate, and shallow, on the 

relative amplitude on seismographs in the summit region. Unless otherwise stated

presumed to be associated movement of magma within the central complex of Ki

Earthquake categories are: Kilauea summit, 30 km, earthquakes from a source about 

the Kilauea summit region; long-period, earthquakes by low-frequenc

originate about 5 km beneath Kilauea summit; and shallow earthquakes in the Kilau

region; shallow earthquakes along the SW. rift zone of Kilauea and the adjacent p

Kaoiki fault system; earthquakes from the upper east rift zone and the adjacent f

of Kilauea's south flank; shallow earthquakes along the northeast-trending Koae f

south of Kilauea caldera;.and earthquakes from other regions: west Hawaii, Mauna 

Tremor- Earthquakes

(m = minutes Kilauea h hours) Summit =

Date SW rift Upper 

(1969) Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate Shallow 30KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift

April 1 1 185 17 65? 2

2 3 165 10 70? 3

3 3 III 7 45? 2 

4 2 56 9 38? 3

5 1 56 6 43? 4 

6 122 12 68?

7 2 101 20 66? .

8 3 2 6 79 11 45? 2

9 . 2 1 74 22 27? 

10 . 8 75 7 75? 3 

11 1 102 16 17? 2 

12 2 144 13 12 4

13 149 11 30 214 190 8 22 3 

15 3 70 10 21 5

I
Table 3.--Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs 

Kilauea Caldera--Continued

Tremor Earthquakes

(m = minutes

h hours)' Kilauea Summit =

Date SW rift Upper Koae O

(1969) Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate Shallow 30KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift

16 7 65 7 19 5 

17 2 155 12 21 2

18 1 273 23 8

19 2 336 23 12 6

20 2 255 15 18 

21 3 205 4 7 2

22 5 3 217 12 11 423 330 4 14 324 27 87 17 53 5·

25 . 5 2 54 10 23

I

2 

26 . 2 96 19 20 2 

27 3 -129 10 22 5

28 2 232 9 15 23 

29 2 370 14 12 21 

30 20 2 . 375 5 27 15 

May 1 11 1 290 10 23 21

2 189 13 23 26

3 6 310 13 13 25

4 2 2 230 7 19 8

5 1 470 11 20 19 

6 3 191 12 10 25

7 1 7 131 11 21 10 

8 23 3 9 66 7, 31 3 

9 30 2 . 85 7 53 6

10 1 173 30 34 3

11 5 230 18 25 
May 12 215

5 13 19 

13 15 202 10 ? 10 

14 3 3 220 11 25 19 

15

2 279

6 46 19 

16 20 85

4 

5 115 

17 4· 95 12 95

5 

18 25 2 3 83 10 32

4 

19 [J)

2 161 

Q) • 9 21

5 

20 1 40'1

8 84 8 

cd • 

21 o • 178

9 435

5 

,22 r-I of

7 825+ 

r-I 211

7 

23 cd.p...::t

2

6 57

6 675+

6 

,.qCf-tC\1 

24 [J) eM 65 8 75

6 

25 >,

4 49 189 

Cf-t aJ 1 17

7

26 .0 rd 2 17 54 8 244 4+ 

J:: 

27 -P cd n 2

9 39 11 19

2 

28 (\J

1 ? 30

5

9 1 

'oj 

t--' 29 -P OM

2 195? 37 10 47 

f\) (/) SO 

30 12 Q) 2 30? 44

5 41 1 

31

4 25? 56 12 75 

-P oj

June 1 6 1 9 70

6 95

2 1 76 10 230 3 bD

I J:: 1 100 12 480

4 3 Ul aJ e,-i Q) H 2 104 12 185+

176+ 

5 ro -P 1 110+ 15 2 

6 cd CJ rd

2 110 23 172+ 

,.q :;:j 

7 p.. n co 3 118 16 115? 8 Cf-tn

4 98? 

bD Q) 1 130 10 1 

9 s:: rd :>

3 140

7 92? 

. eM s:: Q) . 

10

4 H cd n' 1 108 8 87 

:;:j 

11 rd s::' CO 1 138 17 42 

12 o 0 Q)

4 10 115

7 16 3 

bD.,-t n Ul 

13 s::+> cd 3 345? 70

6 40+

2 

14 o p..-P ...c:

4

4 

H cd P4 75? 71 90? 

15 -P H 1 5 14 13 68 

(/) Q) bD Q)

16 S::-p 14 11 9 50

3 

Cf-t erf s:: 

17 6 -P erf 2 ? 13 7. 180? 2
I-'

LV

Table 3.--Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs 

Kilauea C'aldera--Continued

Tremor Earthquakes

(m = minutes Kilauea h hours) Summit =

Date SW rift Upper Koae 

(1969) Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate Shallow 30KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift

June 18 · 1 7 14 9 90? 2

19 1 2 121 7 49

20 · 1 186 8 28 1 

21 3 226 5 24, 

.

22 1 190 10 8 2 

304 15 19

23 . . 

24 282 3 10 

. 

25 · 1 12? 160 14 68? 1 

26 · 37 7 7 

27 1 53 11 11 

· . 

28 · 2 95 18 27 .' 

29 1 10 94 7 45? 3 

30 2 1 48 3 15? 3 
Table

Entries for a given quake are: Date, origin time (Hawaiian

Standard Time), magnitude, dep~h., epicenter, and felt report. All earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 and larger, as well

as many favorably located smaller ones, occurring on or

near the island· of Hawaii are included in the list.

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s - -- Lat. N. Long. w.

April 3 13-44-04.5 3.0 5 19°30.2' 155°47.8'

April 5 07-47-50.7 2.2 8 19°25.8' 155°27.4'

April 5 17-29-15.5 2.5 0 19°28.3' 155°48.0'

April 5 18-32-26.1 2.0 8 i9°23.0' 155°27.1'

April 5 19-45-07.4 2.3 5 19°22.8' 155°14.8'

April 6 03-45-07.8 2.0 10 19°21.3' 155°05.5'

April 6 13-54-20.1 2.0 10 19°20.3' 155°07.7'

April 6 19-30-28.3 2.8 8 19°14.9' 155°27.2' Pahala

April 7 13-05-12.2 2.6 10 19°20.8' 155°04.2'

April 9 07-30-56.1 4.2 13 20°59' 155°43' Hana

(Maui).

April 9 09-12-13.1 2.5 6 19°25.2' 155°25.2'

April 9 17-42-08.8 2.2 30 19°04.7' 155°21.3'

April 9 20-20-04.4 2.3 30 19°22.7' 155°17.8'

April 10 18-52-10.1 2.8 30 19°22.2' 15'5°16.9' Pahala

April 10 23-11-29.0 2.1 10 19°46.2' 155°25.3'

April 11 03-06-19.7 2.4 0 19°28.1' 155°48.1'

April 11 05-30-03.3 2.2 10 19°20.2' 155°08.7'

14
Table 4.-~Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, April, May, June, 1969.

ilmit

Date Time ,Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

April 11 21-30-02.5 2.5 10 19°20.3' 155°08.9'

April 13 14-49-38.3 2.8 10 19°19.8' 155°04.8' Hila

April 14 03-57-05.0 2.1 35 19°46.7' 156°03.0'

April 16 18-17-27.1 2.9 30 19°22.8' 155°17.8' Pahala

April 16 19-26-01.4 2.1 8 19°09.7' 155°36.4'

April 17 17-41-25.1 3.0 8 19°27.'2' l55°27.0'

April 18 00-56-46.9 2.4 8 19°12.8' 155°07.2'

April 18 02-00-39.4 2.2 10 19°21.5' 155°01.0'

April 18 21-25-57.0 3.4 8 19°26.0' 155°26.7' Pahala, K

auea Sum

Area

April 19 01-24-12.1 2.5 5 19°20.2' 155°22.5' Pahala

April 19 14-04-18.8 2.4 9 19°13.5' 155°27.4'

April 20 07-31-29.6 2.0 0 19°2~.7' 155°47.3'

April 20 20-57-54.7 2.0 10 19°20.3' 155°12.4'

April 23 14-44-24.8 2.7 35 19°01.0' 155°14.3'

April 25 02-48-34.1 2.4 35 18°56.1' '155° 14 .3 '

April 25 21-18-34.6 2.0 5 19°29.0' 155°26.2'

April 26 10-13-19.1 2.0 15 19°24.1' 155°18.0'

April 26 22-56-43.0 2.6 0 19°23.7' 155°46.8'

15
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, April, May, June. 1969.

i ) ,

Kamirp.ea

rea,

ua,

Pohde

ummit

de

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

pril 28 04-48-25.1 3.2 9 19°24.8' 155°27.4' Kilaeua

Summit A

Kealakek

Pahala,

akuloa

pril 28 10-05-38.2 2.8 30 19°13.7' 155°31.3'

pril 29 15-12-56.0 2.0 8 19°25.7' 155°25.0'

pril 29 Q.9-15-28.3 2.5 6 19°41.3' 155°36.2'

pri1 30 02-02-41.6 2.3 5 19°48.7' 155°36.2'

ay 3 08-46-53.6 2.4 30 19°22.7' 155°17.3'

ay 4 09 -' 56 -1 5 . 6 2.0 10 19°20.7' 155°05.1'

ay 4 113-53-24.6 2.4 10 19°18.7' 155°11.0'

ay '5 01-05-03.8 3.7 8 19°29.3' 155°37.9' Island-wi

ay 7 K)4-35-59.0 4.5 13 20°50' 155°21' Hena (Mau

Koha1a,

uela, Wa

ay 7 04-48-33.5 2.2' 13 20°50' 155°21'

ay 8 01-48-24.3 2.9 20 19°25.8' 155°16.7' Kilauea S

Area

ay 8 ~3-45-30.5 2.0 8 19°54.8' 155°43.9'

ay 8 23-48-20.3 2.2 10 19°22.6' 155°03.1'

ay 9 07-40-52.6 2.2 10 19°20.5' 155°07.3'

ay 9 0..5-33-27.6 5.0 11 19°22.1' 155°04.9' Island-wi

A

A

A

A

A

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

16
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

. U.S. Geological Survey, April, May, June, 1969.

rea

rea

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tUde (k'm) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ay 9 16-03-28.4 2.8 20 19°27.0' 155°16.8' Kilauea

Summit A

ay 9 18-14-41.4 2.6 10 19°20.4' 155°03.7'

'ay 9 20-14-50.5 2.2 10 19°21.0' 155°02.8'

ay 9 20-38-08.7 2.1 10 19°20.7' 155°03.8'

ay 10 00-52-46.6 2.0 10 19°19.8' 155°07.1'

ay 10 04-50-40.9 3.1 10 19°18.3' 155°01.4' Kalapana

ay 10 16-54-16.2 2.0 10 19°20.3' 155°02.3'

ay 10 22-34-36.2 2.0 20 19°25.2' 155°16.2' Kilauea

Summit A

ay 10 23-00-,26.3 2.2 10 19°18.6' 155°12.7'

ay 11 02-15-14.6 2.3 8 19°23.7' 155°25.2'

ay 11 10-24-32.7 2.5 40 19°01.7' 155°06.0'

ay 11 10-47-49.1 2.0 26 19°27.1' 155°14.5'

ay 12 tl6-17-12.7 2.3 '0 19°28.7' 155°46.3'

ay 14 02-17-10.7 2.4 10 19°20.3' 155°03.3'

ay 14 0-5-26-26.0 2.3 32 19°13.6', 155°24.2'

ay 14 05-42-47.3 2.1 10 19°17.5' 155°04.1'

ay 15 0-2-39-18.5 2.2 5 19°23.1' 155°15.2'

ay 16 09-54-58.2 2.1 37 19°13.3' 155°24.7'

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

17
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismosraEhs of the

U.S. Geological Survey, April, May, June, 1969.

a

rea

a

rea

rea

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ay 16 22-38-46.0 3.0 47 19°56.8' 155°05.7' Kilauea

Summit .A

ay 17 12-52-58.4 3.6 34 19°14.7' 155°25.4' Kea1akeku

ay 17 13-52-23.5 2.5 32 19°12.4' 155°22.7'

ay 17 0.9-52-52.8 2.0 ·11 19°17.5' 155°04.3'

ay 17 20-56-22.2 2.5 32 19°13.0' 155°22.9' Kea1akeku

ay 18 03-42-41.8 2.7 0 19°48.8' 155°48.2'

ay 19 02-30-03.0 2.9 10 20°43.1' 155°33.1'

ay 21 06-03-32.3 2.6 6 19°23.1' 155°14.9' Kilauea

Summit A

ay 22 05-25-08.5 2.6 59 20°23.7' 156°17.3'

ay 22 17-07-28.8 3.8 12 19°02.4' 155°02.3' Kilauea

Summit A

ay 22 17-10-27.5 2.9 10 19°16.5' 155°05.4'

ay 22 18-44-51.8 2.6· 6 19°09.2' 154°57.4'

ay 24 04-10-54.4 2.3 6 19°21.8' 155°12.4'

ay 24 05-04-15.9 2.4 9 19°21.5' 155°17.9'

ay 24 05-34-51.0 2.7 10 19°21.4' 155°11.7'

ay 24 05-49-33.9 3.0 10 19°19.0' 156°34.7'

ay 24 06-42-41.9 2.3 8 19°23.7' 155°06.5'

ay 24 06-49-24.8 2.3 2 19°20.1' 155°05.9'

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

18
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by- seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, April, May, June? 1969.

rea

a,

rea

rea,

Kea1-

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ay 24 07-29-34.7 2.7 9 19°21.6' 155°15.9'

ay 24 09-05-38.7 2.8 9 19°23.5' 155°07.0'

ay 24 09-50-36.5 2.3 2 19°21.0' 155°05.8'

ay 24 0.0-43-56.2 2.3 12 19°19.0' 155°08.7'

ay 24 11-29-57.4 2.2 9 19°23.3' 155°06.7'

ay 24 tL3-19-37.1 2.1 10 19°21.3' 155°08.9'

ay 24 0..4-00-23.9 2.3 10 19°23.1' 155°06.0'

ay 24 0.4-26-22.9 2.1 3 19°21.2' 155°14.9'

ay 24 0-5-48-07.2 2.6 7 19°21.5' 155°14.0'

ay 24 tL7-59~59.8 3.8 5 19°19.5' 155°07.7' Kea1akeku

Kilauea

Summit A

ay 24 ~1-29-02.7 2.1 10 19°11.9' 155°08.6'

ay 25 D3-43-15.1 3.7 8 19°~3·.8' 155°32.1' Kilauea

Summit A

Waimea,

akekua

ay 25 b6-55-54.4 2.0 13 19°19.9' 155°12.8'

ay 25 )7-55-40.9 2.0 6 19°17.4' 155°00.9'

ay 25 tL8-01-49.7 3.3 4 19°20.3' 155°07.6' Kilauea

Summit A

ay 25 ~2-54-39.1 2.2 10 19°19.7' 155°05.7'

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

19
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, April, May, June, 1969.

a

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ay 26 0.9-58-47.4 2.5 30 19°23.3' 155°15.9'

ay 26 ~2-22-12.2 2.5 11 19°23.0' 155°29.0' Pahala,

Pohaku10

ay 27 D9-19-20.0 3.3 19 19°25.5' 155°17.3' Pahala

ay 27 10-04-59.2 2.4 19 19°24.7' 155°16.5'

ay 27 11-40-04.6 2.4 10 19°12.9' 155°00.2'

ay 27 tl4-35-25.8 2.4 31 19°28.4' 155°17.0'

ay 28 ~q-20-12.9 2.9 10 20°06.3' 156°49.9'

ay 29 0-2-00-25.8 2.5 8 19°47.9' 155°36.'1'

ay 30 b2-15-43.5 2.1 10 19°18.4' 155°13.7'

ay 30 03-43-27.6 2.4 7 19°14.1' 155°00.7'

ay 31 D2-55-08.9 2.2 39 19°27.7' 155°32.7'

ay 31 12-07-02.5 2.5 6 19°17.0' 155°06.5'

ay 31 tJ..9-22-48.4 2.7, 10 19°22.6' 155°29.4'

ay 31 21-12-19.7 2.2 56 19°04.4' 154°41.1'

une 1 J6-54-04.5 2.3 2 19°20.1' 155°05.1'

une 1 17-35-06.9 2.4 36 19°12.3' 155°28.7'

une 2 ~7-33-51.6 3.3 11 19°20.1' 155°07.9' Hi10

u'ne 2 ~8-16-46.0 2.0 8 19°16.1' 155°08.2'

une 2 ~1-36-41.0 2.3 8 19°22.8' 155°21.9'

M

J

J

M

M

M

M

J

M

J

M

J

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

20
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, April, May, June? 1969.

ala,

rea

rea,

ua

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

une 3 17-49-13.1 2.2 10 19°19.0' 155°14.2'

une 4 03-32-56.3 3.7 10 19°18.5' 155°12.7' Hil0,

Pahala

line 4 04-11-14.2 2.3 10 19°19.8' 155°14.3'

une 4 05-22-07.E 2.6 1 19°15.1' 155°06.1'

une 4 09-34-31.1 2.8 11 19°26.0' 155°25.7' Pahala

une 4 11-29-43.~ 2.1 36 19°17'.4' 155°01.1'

une 4 21-09-33.~ 2.0 10 19°19.3' 155°13.3'

une 5 03-16-50.0 2.2 2 19°52.0' 155°37.9'

une 5 10-43-26.6 2.0 10 19°20.1' 155°14.9'

une 5, 13-06-08.7 2.1 10 19°23.9' 155°23.1' Pahala

une 5 14-12-30.9 2.3 11 19°21.6' 155°11.6' Hil0

une 5 14-.41-26. 2.2 11 19°18.7' 155°13.2'

une 5 14-43-41.: 3.7, 9 19°19.4' 155°13.7' Hil0, Pah

Kilauea

Summit A

Kea1akek

une 5 14-54-46.3 3.0 9 19°19.9', 155°14.6' Kilauea

Summit A

une 5 15-36-48.7 2.0 9 19°20.0' 155°14.2'

u'ne 5 17-31-33.2 2.1 9 19°20.0' 155°14.2

une 5 22-06-56.0 2.1 10 19°17.3' 155°13.1'

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

21
Table.4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u. S. Geological Survey, Apri1-, May, June! 1969.

de

rea,

ua

rea,

ua

10,

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s , Lat. N. Long. w. - --

une 6 01-37-37.6 2.6 10 19°10.7' 155°07.8'

une 6 02-37-42.9 2.5 10 19°17.2' 155°08.1'

une 6 09-41-46.9 4.4 11 19°25.5' 155°27.0' Mauna Loa

Pahala,

Kilau~a

Summit A

Hi10,

Kamuela,

Paauilo

une 6 11-55-32.6 4.2 35 19°21.3' 155°16.9' Island-wi

une 6 21-50-56.9 2.0 35 19°12.5' 155°28 .. 8'

une 7 00-28-11.7 2.4 34 19°20.4' 155°16.5'

une 7 01-41-26.2 4.0 10 19°16.2' 155°11.2' Pahala, Hi

Kilauea

Summit A

Kealakek

une 7 01-50-31.8 3.1 10 19°15.8' 155°11.1' Hil0,

Kealakek

une 7 05-14-49.0 2.4 ·10 19°17.1' 155°13.1'

une 7 09-33-31.9 2.1 8 19°20.6' 155°13.8'

une 8 01-05-28.9 2.2 10 19°17.6·' 155°13.2'

une 8 07-20-54.3 2.4 13 19°20.2' 155°04.8'

une 8 11-50-48.2 2.1 10 19°20.0' 155°15.1'

une 10 00-53-16.7 2.2 14 19°24.3' 155°18.1'

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

22
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, April, May, June, 1969.

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

une 10 K)6-39-59.1 2.2 11 19°10.4' 155°38.4'

une 10 ~3-20-58.3 3.1 67 18°49.8' 155°41.6'

une 11 06-06-28.5 2.1 10 19°19.9' 155°23.7'

une 13 P6-17-25.4 2.4 9 19°25.8' 155°27.5'

une 14 0-3-37-23.1 2.5 51 19°09.9' 154°45.9'

une 16 tl.9-04-53.1 3.4 61 19°56.. 9' 155°06.9' Hila

une 17 tll-27-57.6 2.5 9 19°21.6' 155°24.8'

une 18 bO-00-49.4 3.3 7 19°21.4' 155°03.0' Pahala

une 19 b3-26-54.6 2.1 6 19°24.8' 155°23.2'

une 19 0-8-42-34.6 2.0 12 19°18.5' 155°10.1'

une 20 [1.0-15-30.3 2.3 10 19°49.2' 155°36.0'

une 20 U-8-12-41.4 2.1 10 19°27.2' 155°43.6'

une 20 0-8-16-03.9 2.6 6 19°28.0' 155°41.8'

une 21 b3-48-24.0 3.3 8 20°26' 156°50'

une 22 b3-28-19.6 2.0 10 19°23.7' 155°45.7'

une 22 P7-54-30.9 2.2 32 19°21.7' 155°17.0'

une 22 0-0-23-01.5 2.4 9 19°25.9' 155°24.2'

une 25 ~7-47-57.6 2.1 7 19°17.3' 155°03.3'

une 26 l5-24-58.4 3.1 10 20°29.9' 155° 27 . 1.'

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

23
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

U.S. Geological Survey, April, May, June! 1969.

J

J

J

J

J

J

J

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

une 28 21-11-48.8 2.3 5 19°16.0' 155°02.8'

une 29 02-01-17.9 2.3 35 19°22.3' 155°16.0'

une 29 22-52-59.5 2.7 10 19°09.3' 155°41.1'

une 30 08-51.1 3.2 8 20°36' 154°54'

une 30 0-5-21-00.4 2.4 35 19°17.2' 155°13.8'

une 30 22-41-20.8 2.1 8 19°20.9' 155°01.2'

une 30 23-17-59.2 2.0 10 19°36.3' 155°42.5'

24
UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

HAWAIIAN 'VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

SUMMARY 55

July, Augus.t, and September 1969

By Robert Y. Koyanagi, Akira Yamamoto,

d P .. S */ an atrlcla tevensonIssued Februaii 1971

OBSERVATORY STAFF

Geo1osy

H. A. Powers (Scientist-in-Charge)

D. A. Swanson

Geophysics

D. B. Jackson

George Kojima

R. Y. Koyanagi

Geochemistry

R. T. Okamura

T. L. Wright

Support

C. D. Arakaki

J. C. Forbes

w. H. Francis

B. J. Loucks

M. S. Onouye

S. A. Takeguchi

Akira Yamamoto

*/

- National Center for Earthquake Research, Menlo Park,

California.
CONTENTS

Page,

Summary of activities........ 1

Changes in the seismic net............. 4

Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera. 4

Seismic summary.............................. 6 .

Figure 1.

Table 1.

2.

3.

Illustrations

Map of the island of Hawaii showing

seismograph stations and localities

mentioned in the text .

Tables

Tilt coord~nates at Uwekahuna vault.

Number of earthquakes and minutes of

.tremor recorded on seismographs

around Kilauea caldei~ .

Local earthquakes recorded by

seismographs of the U.S. Geological

Survey .

2

5

8

14
Summary of activities

Eruptive activity that began in the second quarter of 1969 on

May 24 continued through the third quarter. The vent area resumed

its May 24 vigor on July 15. Fountain activity which'persisted for

8 hours fed a flow with a course similar as the June 26 flow. The

new flow terminated near the base of Rolei Pali.

Except for nearly continuous tremor local to the vent, there

was no preliminary seismic activity. Prior to the fountaining on

July 11, lava was observed rising slowly deep in the throat of the

western vent. Samples were collected when the lava rose to favorable

heights. Visible fountaining began shortly before 0430. By 0430

fountain heights rose over 350 meters. Surface activity and tremor

ceased abruptly at 1222, and summit inflation resumed immediately.

Approximately 2 hours later,' tremor resumed in the vent area.

Fuming continued, and during degassing mobile lava was occasionally

visible in the western vent. Most of the new lava had gone under

the crust of the Alae lava lake and had lifted the crust en masse

to within 50 feet of the Alae crater rim.

On July 20 the lava column beneath the vent was observed rising

and falling in 50-meter intervals. The level of the new lava

approached within 3-6 meters of the vent level and would fall to a

lower level in crudely determined cycles. The lava usually took

about an hour to rise to its highest level and less time to fall to

its lowest level. This type of activity continued on to July 31,

occasionally interrupting the change in lava level with violent

spattering and a more rapid change in the height of the lava column

within the vent.

At 1715, August 3, violent fountaining up to 150 meters high

marked another period of high level activity. Fountaining ended

at 0000, August 4. A lava flow filled Alae Crater to within 10

meters of the rim. As on July 15 the old crust had been lifted

en masse by the new lava that invaded Alae Crater. Between 0400 and

0430, August 4, seismometers recorded a vigorous episode of harmonic

tremor and earthquakes. This episode accompanied tremendous ground

cracking and graben formation between Alae Crater and Kane Nui 0 Hamo.

The cracks intersected the floor of Alae Crater, and probably in the

span of a half hour Alae drained to a level below the mezzanine that

was buried during February. Over 10 million cubic meters of lava had

been drained out. The graben surface, where observed just east of

Alae Crater, was about 10 meters wide and 60-70 meters deep (limit of

visibility). A Geodimeter line across the graben showed considerable

extension.

1
156 0

I

Mahukona

Kalae (South) Point

EXPLANATION

• Seismograph Station

o Town or locality

5 0 10 I~ Mile' R:Ff"":FC ,

0 10 I~ 20 2~ Kilomet.... B:HH:_ F=3 I

Contour interval 1,000 feet

Dalum is mean sea level

Apua Point

I

I

,.--------------r

Figure l.--Map of the Island of Hawaii showing seismograph stations

operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, principal settlements,

and selected geologic ·features. Epicenters of local earthquakes

are given in table 3 in terms of geographic coordinates, v::hich

are ,indicated at the edges of the map.

2
At 1400, August 4, characteristic eruption-type fume clouds

were observed to be coming from a zone along the East Rift, east of

Napau Crater. Only lava oozing out from fissures could be seen from

the air. There was little or no fountaining. A narrow tongue of

lava flowed east for 1.2-1.3 km from a point less than' 1. k.m northwest

of Puu Kamoamoa. Samples collected from the flow were richer in

olivine than any lava that drained from Alae Crater .

. At 2100, August 5, fountaining several tens of meters high was

occasionally observed in the vent area. An aa lava flow continued

into Alae Crater. Large remnants of overfill that had clung to the

sides of the crater were rafted across the crater. The crater floor

had taken on an unusual character consisting of aa, rafted blocks,

and talus.

At 1130, August 21, spattering up to 15 meters high started to

build up a cone.

At 0015, August 22_ the highest fountains, more than 400 meters

high, were in the western vent area. Activity was spread along a

fissure both east and west of the main vent complex. A flow developed

southward for 1 km. Nearly all erupted material flowed into Alae

Crater (2. 7 x 106 cubic meters)', rai.sing the level of the floor to

34 meters below the rim. Activity has better defined a cone of

spatter and pumice to the south side of the main vent.

At 1930, September 6, there was strong activity at the vent

preceding actual lava fountaining. Nearly degassed lava rose and

fell with rapidity in the vent area. V9lumetric changes were

estimated to be 20,000-30,000 m3 • In almost continuous sequences the

lava 'column in the vent rose 40 meters in 40 minutes and drained back

within 5 minutes or less. The column commonly rose within 10 meters

of the vent level. As with the drop in fuming, tremor was low or

absent during periods of rising lava columns. Fuming and tremor

(local to the vent area) picked up suddenly and remained at high

levels during drainback. At 1930 Kilauea summit seismometers began

recording higher level tremor and fountaining was first observed at

about this time. Fountaining was confined to the western vent. By

0415, September 7, a lava flow had completely filled Alae Crater.

Smaller flows developed at two points on the southwest rim. At 2100 a

westward flow began cascading into Alai Crater. Eventually it covered

the floor with 10 meters of aa. Two other flows extended from the

south edge of the new cone. One flow reached Poliokeawe Pali, where

it split into two tongues, one of which stopped at the bottom of the

cliff. The other tongue continued over Poll0keawe Pali and flowed a

short distance from the base of the Pali. The largest newly developed

cone is now 30 meters high and is visible from the Observatory. All

of the current lava and spatter is moderately to highly olivine rich,

whereas the early material contains only sparse olivine. Fountains

at 2200 reached 540 meters "in height but by 2300 were down to 400-420

meters, where they stayed until about 0130, when the heights abruptly

decrease4 to about 300 meters. At 0425 in the span of 5 minutes, highlevel surface activity ceased.

3
Changes in the seismic net

FM radios for continuous seismic telemetry were installed at the

following locations:

a) Puu Huluhu1u - PHH

b) Makaopuhi - MPR

c) Kahuku - KHU

d) Hale Pohaku - HPU

Lat Long

Elevation

(m)

1021

881

1939

3231

Date

began (1969)

July 28

July 31

August 8

August 19

With the exception of MPR, all stations transmitted directly to

Uwekahuna. Like veo signals that are telemetered via rented telephone

lines, FM radio signals are discriminated and recorded on a

develocorder unit.

During this quarter, the University of Hawaii, under contract from

ESSA, installed a transmitter at HVO to telemeter Honuapo tide gauge

data and seismic data from HVO's Pahoa and Waiohino stations. Their

receiver is located at the Mauna Kea Observatory.

Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera

Tilting of the ground around the summit of Kilauea is monitored

daily by a short-base water-tube tiltmeter in Uwekahuna vault, and

at irregular intervals it is measured on a regional scale by means' of

a network of field tilt-bases and a portable water-tube tiltmeter.

The attitude of the ground surface at each tilt-base is reported in

terms of north-south and east-west tilt coordinates. Both coordinates

at each station were arbitrarily set equal to 500 when measurements

at that station were begun. Increasing tilt coordinates correspond

to northward and eastward tilting of the earth's surface; that is,

to a relative subsidence toward the north and east. A one-unit

change in coordinate corresponds to a tilting of 1 microradian (~ rom

per km) in the direction indicated.

Location of tiltmeter stations and essential data on each station

are listed in table 6, which is published only in the first-quarter

issue each year.

4
Table l.--Tilt coordinates at Uwekahuna vault,

July, August, and September 1969

Date (1969) N-S E-W Date (1969) N-S E-W

July 6 544 418 Aug. 31 546 408

13 545 416 Sept. 7 543 415

20 544 418· 14 541 418

27 546 410 21 543 412

Aug. 3 547 418 28 543 409

10 544 418

17 546 410

24 545 410

5
Seismic summary

Events recorded by the U.S~ Geological Survey seismograph network

in Hawaii fall into two categories: Local earthquakes and tremor

originating in the region of the Hawaiian Islands (usually within

100 km of at least one seismograph), and distant earthquakes

originating more than 3,000 km from Hawaii. As an index of seismic

activity at Hawaiian volcanoes, daily counts of earthquakes and

minutes of tremor recorded by seismographs in Hawaii are lis~ed in

table 3. The earthquakes are separated in groups on the basis of

region of origin as determined by analysis of records obtained daily

at the observatory. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.0 or greater are

generally sufficiently well recorded to be located with greater

prec~sion; they are listed individually in table 4.

Location of seismograph stations and essential data on each

station are listed in table 5 in the first-quarter issue each year.

Acknowledgments

Several people and agencies reported "felt" earthquakes during

the third quarter, 1969. Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

6
7

'r

,.,
"

Table 2.--Number of Earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs around 

Tremor is separated into three categories: Deep, intermediate, and shallow, on the ba

relative amplitude on seismographs in the summit region. Unless otherwise stated, tremor 

presumed to be associated with movement of magma within the central complex of Kilauea Vol

Earthquake categories are: Kilauea summit, 30 km, earthquakes from a source about 30 

the Kilauea summit region; long-period, earthquakes characterized by low-frequency waves 

originate about 5 km beneath Kilauea summit; and shallow earthquakes in the Kilauea calder

shallow earthquakes along the S.W. rift zone of Kilauea and the adjacent portion of the Ka

fault system; earthquakes from the upper east rift zone and the adjacent fault systems of 

south flank; shallow earthquakes along the northeast-trending Koae fault system south of K

caldera; and earthquakes from other regions: west Hawaii, Mauna Kea, etc.

Tremor Earthquakes Date

CD (1969) (in minutes)

Kilauea Summit

SW rift Upper

Inter- Long and east Deep Shallow 30 KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift Koae Others 

July 1 15 1 45 80 5 45 0

2 ""d 1 0 109+ 7 269+ 1

3 s:: 7 0 105 ? 804+ ? 1 m

4 s:: co 2 45+ 127 11 60 5

5 o s:: 2 20 128 12 58 15 .r-! .r-!

6 +..J H 3 6 50 10 28 1

7 :::3""d 0 4 136 2 29 9 H

.. 8 (1) C/) 1 0 220 13 1 M

9 6 (1) 1 0 189 5 0' 1 o

10 (1) 0 0 31 3 20(?) 0 C/)M

11 5 (1) 0 ? 30 7 0 1 C/) :3

12 · m 0 3 ? 17 6 0 1 ;:::::M

13 0 00° 6 14 67(?) 0 1 +..J

14 · com 3 ]0 14 16 42(?) 0 1 s::

15 · .r-! co C/) 0 3 14 2 1 (

H s:: (1)

16 :::3 .r-! 00 1 > s:: 14 2 1 

""d +J m (1) :::3

17 m;::::: 0 00;::::: 15 5 0 1

18 s:: +J H 0 10 18 3 17 0 · o CJ (1)

19 H :::3 +..J +J M c: 0 79+ 16 21 22 0

U) .r-!
':"

July 20 1 16+ 22

9 51 1 1

21 12

0 69+ 33 16 43(?

0 1

22 120 1 12+ 33

6 31 1

23 1 72+ 35 20 24 I 1 24 20

0 ? 36

7 14 I 0

25 0 0 70

4 15 I a

26

0

a 54

6 16

a

2

27

0

a 44

6 13(? 1

28 32

0

2 64

6 21 f 4

29 15

0 0 103 3 17 1

30 1 1 76 3 29

2

31 21 0 ? 60 12 13

2
Table 2.--Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs around

Kilauea -- Continued

Date

Tremor Earthquakes

(1969) (in minutes)

r

SW rift

Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate 30 KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift Koae Others 

c:

August 1 0,-4 2 0 56 8 52 1 1 .&.J

2 m 0 0 44 4 83 4 ='

3 .u 2 5 10 11 183+ 0 u 

4 ,......j =' ? 10 8 ? 50(?D ? 1 

5 2 ? 8 11 32(?D ?

6 .0 325+ 16 11 117+ 0 1 

c:

7 (1j 0 (/) 14 23 17 0 3 

"0

I--' 8 c: C/) 0 .... c: 6 4 5 3 0 Q) (1j 'co .

0 9 0,-4 C/) 0 (/) 5 7 7 (? 0 .&.J (1j Q) ='

10 o.....c: 1 0 18 11 0 1 :::3 0..

11 0 (/) .&.J 2 14 6 0 1 Q) Q)

12 .u 1 3 12 6 75 2 4-l c:

13 o 01""4 1 5 26 14 75 0

14 (/) bO 0 0 18 10 ? 0 2 Q) c:

15 (/) 0r-4 1 9 10 20 17 0 1 co

16 30 ...c: =' 0 10 8 9 27 0 0.."'017 40 7 eo(/) 0 6 14 4 13 0

18 C:--4 0r-4 Q) 0 9 8 5 0

19 :> 0 0 '7 5 14 0 1 =' Q)

20 29 "0 ...... 1 0 47 9 15 0 3

21 2 8 22 2 4 0 c: 0 .

22 31 Or-! 0 18+ 11 2 4+ ? 1 

23 .u .&.J 0 ? 4 4 2 0 

CJ'} co .
August 24

2 16+

7 11 32 ? 1 25 0 1 9

7 11 1 1 26 1 10 16 16 6 0 1 27

f-J 0 4 10 5 5 1 28 0 5 21 8 6(?)

2 i-' 29 2 2 56 5 10 2 2 30

. 31 5 6 30 14 10 2 1 3 2 31 5 9 6
Table 2.--

Nurnber of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs 

Kilauea -- Continued

Date Tremor Earthquakes

(1969) (in minutes) Kilauea Summit

SW rift Upper

Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate Shallow 30 KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift Koae Others 

--

September 1 en 2

2 54 6 17 2 3

2 29 (1) 1 0 23 5 4 (? ) 0 1 U)

3 ro 0 1 19 8 5 (? ) 0 ,.C

4 30

0 3 101

4 4 2· lo-I

5 (1) 0 3 72 8 1 1 1 "'O.w

6 s:: s::

0 ? C/.) 59 8+ 4+ ? 

ro .r-4

7 20 20

0 ,....-l c= 3(?) 7 5+ ? 

s:: bO ro ro

8 o s:: 0 lo-I en 3 4 2+ 0 

.r-4.r-4 Q) :3

9 .w lo-I 0

> 0 22 8 7 0 3 (1) ...c:

10 ::3'"0

0 en .w 11 5 13

0

lo-I

11 (1) (J) 0 17+ 15 6 8 1 1 ,....-l12 (1) 0

0 15 7 9 0 o >

13 (1) 0 5 6 4 6 0 l--J en,....-l

f\.1 14 (1) ? 37 8 ? 15 ? 1 en

15 ro 0 3 30+ 8 15 11+ 0 ,.C,....-l16 0..

2 13 12 7 26 0

.w

17 ()()ro

0 16 21 14 17 0 2 s::

18 .r-4 ()() 5 13 23 16 20 1 2 $-f s::

19 :3 .r-4 0 3 26

4

4 0 4 "'O.w

20 ro 0 0 28 10 3 0 CD::3

21 s:: .w

0 7 18 6 5+ 0 o c.J

22 lo-I :3 0 3 23 6 11

0

2

.w,....-l

23 U) 5 6 16 5 6 0

Table 3.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S. Geological

Survey, July, August, September, 1969.

Entries for a given quake are: Date, origin time (Hawaiian Standard Time),

magnitude, depth, epicenter, and felt report. All earthquakes of

magnitude 2.5 and larger, as well as many favorably located smaller

ones, occuring on or near the island of Hawaii are included in the

list.

mmit Are

nunit Are

a1akekua

ummit ArE

26 00 25 03.3 2.3 10 19 19.7 155 09.3

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

July 2 09-50-36.2 2.4 7 19°22.1' 155°11.4'

3 06-57-36.6 3.0 5 19°21.9 1 155°12.0' Kilauea S

3 07-04-08.5 2.1 ·10 19°21.4' 155°12.7'

3 07-07-24.1 2.1 8 19°23.1' 155°14.5'

3 07-22-16.9 2.4 7 19°22.6' 155°15.2' Kilauea Su

3 09-47-47.2 2.2 10 19°20.0' 155°11.9'

3 18-08-21.2 2.0 10 19°39.8' 156°02.7'

6 11-37-24.2 3.5 32 19°20.8' 155°21.6' Kealakekua

7 04-59-16.3 2.2 32 19°21.8' 155°18.1'

7 18-58-20.0 2.0 10 19°15.6' 155°04.8'

9 04-30-05.1 2.8 4 19°17.9' 155°06.9'

9 01-17-27.4 2.4 3 19°19.0' 155°06.9'

9 21-34-23.5 2.4 20 19°18.8' 155°50.8'

10 08-32-06.1 2.9 9 19°20.9' 155°29.2' Pahala

11 23-32-46.7 2.4 28 19°10.0' 155°32.4'

12 11-14-20.8 3.1 0 19°13.3' . 155°37.6'

13 01-22-08.0 4.2 8 19°12.2' 155°34.8' (Kilauea Su

Pahala, Ke

13 09-38.07.5 2.0 9 19°48.6' 155°35.6'

15 17-54-14.5 3.3 13 18°28' 156°48'

17 20-06-49.6 2.1 8 19°21.4' 155°14.1'

17 23-14-58.9 2.2 10 19°22.8' 155°29.0'

20 04-47-13.1 3.6 10 19°23.7' 155°54.8' Kealakekua

21 16-13-26.3 3.0 16 19°55.7' 155°32.0'

22 13-41-35.0 2.7 9 19°23.1' 155°25.5'

26 00-11-02.5 2.2 6 19°32.0' 155°41.8.'

- - ° , ° ,

14
Table 3.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

u.s. Geological Survey, T1]]y, Augus.t..~tember, 1969.

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

1y 26 23-00-48.4 2.3 10 19°26.6' 155°45.3'

29 02-19-26.0 2.1 9 19°21.7' 155°13.5'

30 02-29-51.7 2.5 2 19°19.2' 155°05.3'

gust 1 10-14-11.7 ~.3 11 19°17.4' 155°07.5'

1 19-17-31.3 3.0 2 19°52.3' 155°35.7'

2 07-47-13.0 2.0 32 19°21.6' 155°16.8'

3 10-50-12.0 2.4 10 19°25.4' 155°28.2'

3 16-40-24.9 2.6 1 19°19.0' 155°05.7'

4 02-54-29.6 2.0 7 19°21.6' 155°13.3'

4 16-50-13.6 2.7 0 19°28.6' 155°40.4'

6 18-42-17.2 3.5 4 19°41.9' 156°02.7' Koha1a

7 02-58-20.5 2.0 7 19°24.2' 155°23.4'

7 14-53-07.7 2.3 25 19°13.3' 155°30.0'

7 18-08-08.8 2.2 6 19°13.1' 155°27.5'

7 18-13-21.7 2.8 10 19°03.0' 155°02.5'

7 23-19-05.7 3.0 10 20°15.9' 155°32.5'

9 01-12-27.1 2.2 6 19°21.7' 155°13.6'

9 16-08-59.3 2.3 8 19°24.8' 155°23.1'

10 09-37-27.8 2.5 62 19°29.1' 155°37.5' Hi10

10 17-30-14.0 2.3 36 19°24.4' 155°22.2'

11 02-10-22.2 2.4 8 19°18.6' 155°16.3'

11 22-59-07.0 2.8 10 19°56.6' 155°31.0' Pohaku1oa

14 12-27-20.0 2.5 10 19°05.0' 156°43.4'

14 14-30-44.3 3.0 13 19°42.3' 155°36.0'

15 09-57-02.9 2.6 48 19°21.6' 155°35.1'

15 19-14-04.3 2.2 . 37 19°19.1' 155°30.7'

Au

Ju

15
Table 3·--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

·U.S. Geological Survey, July, Augus~, September, 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

gust 19 05-50-53.8 2.3 48 19°24.5' 155 0·33.8'

19 06-58-56.7 2.0 26 19°19 .• 5' 155°17.8'

19 15-57-13.8 2.0 24 19°21.4' 155°29.8'

20 01-18-31.2 2.1 13 19°23.5' 155°17.3'

20 17-46-42.7 2.0 42 19°25.5' 155°37.7'

20 21-54-08.1 2.7 5 19°27.5' 155°32.3'

20 23-39-20. 7· 2.2 4 19°10.5' 155°31.3'

22 17-59-28.6 2.5 46 19°54.3' 155°29.4'

22 20-49-45.0 2.3 30 19°20.9' 155°16.8'

24 06-38-55.7 2.4 10 19°25.9' 155°54.0'

24 21-47-55.3 2.1 14 19°27.3' 155°24.1'

25 14-26-14.4 2.2 12 19°24.3' 155°25.6'

25 21-49-01.5 2.7 4 19°13.4' 155°34.1'

26 14-32-53.2 2.4 10 19°18.0' 155°51.0'

27 01-11-55.6 2.2 0 19°12.6' 155°19.5'

28 23-21-05.3 2.2 6 19°17.6' 155°01.4'

29 02-53-35.8 2.5 8 19°10.9' 155°33.5'

29 04-11-33.2 2.3 32 19°30.8' 156°03.8'

30 14-27-11.3 2.9 10 19°38.3' 156°28.3'

mber 1 02-22-14.2 2.3 10 19°18.6' 155°44.8'

1 04-42-14.4 2.6 10 19°57.7' 155°44.6'

1 07-16-54.2 2.6 10 19°19.2' 155°14.4'

1 12-17-51.2 2.2 17 19°23.8' 155°16.4'

1 16-54-55.5 2.6 15 20°01.3' 155°46.8'

2 05-06-22.0 3.3 10 19°34.9' 156°23.3'

2 23-23-50.8 2.4 20 19°56.0' 155°38.6'

Au

Septe

16
Table 3.--Local earthsuakes recorded by seismographs of the

. u. S. Geologic al Survey! ~uly, Augus~, September, 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

tember 3 09-40-09.4 4.3 31 19°20.0' 15~025.0' Islands of

and Oahu

5 20-05-12.9 2.1 8 19°27.1' 155°35.5'

8 01-40-27.6 2.2 9 19°20.8' 155°13.8'

8 16-35-42.6 2.3 10 19°34.5' 155°18.8'

8 17-35-23.7 2.2 9 19°23.9' 155°25.9'

9 00-09-23.0 2.8 10 19°53.9' 155°47.7'

9 .).0-49-47'.1 2.1 71 ? 19°26.2' 155°58.1'

9 18-27-37.5 2.2 10 19°41.2' 155°41.5'

11 08-00-52.0 2.5 0 19°53.3' 155°41.4'

11 20-24-13.3 2.1. 8 19°20.6' 155°07.9'

13 13-06-41.6 2.3 7 19°18.5' 155°15.4'

14 10-08-55.7 2.9 12 19°44.0' 155°47.0'

15 11-44-01.2 2.5 7 19°20.5' 155°12.7'

15 14-04-01.2 2.4 27 19°23.0' 155°30.0'

16 11-31-56.7 2.3 7 19°20.1' 155°11.2'

17 04-39-03.3 2.6 47 19°26.5' 155°57.9'

17 12-06-54.0 2.1 34 19°23.0' 155°20.6'

17 13-10-38.5 2.3 5 19°17.1' 155°15.8'

17 12-50-30.9 2.4 5 19°10.2' 155°34.2' ..

17 23-43-45.7 2.6 7 19°24.8' 155°25.6'

18 01-31-22.1 2.6 6 19°25.5' 155°45.4'

18 12-39-26.9 2.3 26 19°21.8' 155°30.9'

18 14-38-15.9 2.6 13 19°16.5' 155°45.1'

18 22-03-35.4 2.9 7 19°22.9' 155°24.3' Pahala

19 05-15-28.7 3.1 43 19°56.5' 155°17.9'

19 08-24-34.6 3 .. 0 83? 19°42.0' 156,°11.3'

Sep H~waii

17
Table 3.--Local earthquakes recorded br seismographs of the

·u.s. Geological Survey. July, Augu,st, September, 1969.

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ember 19 11-25-09.4 2.4 26 19°41.0' 156°04.0'

19 13-28-19.6 2.0 1 19°56.5' 155°30.2'

19 15-45-51.8 2.8 3 19°11.8' 155°31.6'

19 17-23-50.2 2.3 7 19°24.1' 155°25.2'

19 19-14-13.5 2.0 6 19°26.9' 155°27.4'

20 18-29-40.2 2.0 5 19°22.9' 155°27.9'

21 00-16-03.9 2.1 6 19°22.0' 155°25.1'

22 04-28-41.7 2.4 40 19°37.0' 156°03.9'

22 05-52-15.5 2.2 1,3 19°23.1' 155°25.8'

22 18-28-59.8 2.2 3 19°29.4' 155°40.1'

23 15-54-25.5 2.3 6 19°13.7' 155°28.7'

23 16-31-44.8 2.0 15 19°24.7' 155°16.4'

27 13-23-15.4 2.2 0 19°19.6' 155°05.2'

28 09-51-49.5 2.0 8 19°35.3' 155°51.7'

28 10-00-36.6 2.2 0 19°32.6' 155°41.4'

28 14-23-14.8 2.3 6 19°20.5' 155°12.7'

28 22-00-45.1 2.4 0 19°30.8' 155°46.9'

28 22'-11-13.3 2.8 8 19°24.2' 155°28.0'

29 04-27-48.4 2.7 3 19°14.4' 155°21.6' Pahala

30 11-43-33.0 2.7 6 19°13.7' 155°08.3'

30 21-27-47.6 2.1 5 19°10.2' 155°06.8'

30 22-48-21.9 2.1 0 19°13.4' 155°21.5'

Sept

GPO !I80·67:~

18
UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

SUMMARY 56

October, November, and December 1969

By Arnold To Okamura, Marie S. Onouye,

and Willie rr 0 Kinoshita*

Issued February 1971

OBSERVATORY STAFF

Geology

H. A. Powers (Scientist-in-Charge)

D. A. Swanson

Geophysics

w. A. Duffield

D. B. Jackson

George Kojima

R. Y. Koyanagi

A. T. Okamura

Geochemistry

R. T. Okamura

Support

C. D. Arakaki

J. C. Forbes

w. H. Francis

M. S. Onouye

M. K. Sako

Akira Yamamoto

*National Center for Earthquake Rese.arch, Menlo Park, California.
CONTENTS

Page

Summary of activities --------------------------------------- 1

Seismic notes --------------------------------------------~-- 8

Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera ---------------- 10

Seismic summary --------------------------------------------- 11

Publications of special interest and HVO contributions, 1969- 28

Illustrations

Figure 1. Map of the island of Hawaii showing seismograph

stations and localities mentioned in the text--- 2

2. Tilting of the ground around Kilauea caldera (data

not available·this quarter) --------------------

Tables

Table 1. Tilt coordinates at Uwekahuna vault -------------- 10

2. Tilt coordinates and changes at bases around

Kilauea caldera -------------------------------- lOa

3. Number of earthquakes and minutes of tremor

recorded on seismographs around Kilauea caldera- 12

4. Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the

U.S. Geological Survey ------------------------- 18
Summary of activities

At 0900, on October 10 fountaining was observed in the main vent

area. Significant tremor was first recorded shortly. after the initial

observation by Park personnel. A slow decline in summit tilt probably

recorded the true beginning of the obvious surface activity. This

activity lasted for more than 3 days (ending at about 1100 on October

13, with sporadic periods of spattering spread over the following 36

hours), yet it produced only about 2 x 106m3 of lava (excluding Alae

drainout), which was supplied by fountains 15-25 m high. New lava

covered the Sept. 6 lava (plus some forest along the southeast base of

Puu Huluhulu), refilled Alae Crater (whose floor had lowered 5 meters

as a result of degassing and probable draining out its graben outlet

since Sept. 6), and spread southward from the southeast lip of Alae

for about a kilometer. The flow which entered Alae Crater spread

slowly across the floor from the feeder lava cascade near the vent area.

The floor was not completely covered until 1230 (3.5 hours after the

start of the phase). Shortly thereafter, lava started spilling into

the outlet graben, which quickly became choked with lava so it could no

longer accept the runoff from Alae, and the Alae floor began to rise

again. At about 1400, the lowest lip of Alae was overwhelmed, and from

then on lava spilled out of the crater along an arc several hundred

meters long.

During much of October 11 and 12, most of the lava that was

entering Alae must have been draining out somewhere at depth. There

was little or no evidence of either uplift of the Alae floor or continued

outflow south of the crater. Late in the day of October 12, however,

marked outflow resumed, as shown by fires at the front of advancing

flows. It is hard to estimate the volume that apparently drained from

Alae, but it could have been as much as 2 x 106m

3 , if eruption rates of

the first day can be extrapolated across the next 2 days. East rift

surveying showed no large changes between Alae and Kane Nui 0 Harno, so

1
Milohi

EXPLANATION

• SeIsmograph Station

o Town ·or lo.cality

Cape

Kumukahi

Pohoikl

, f)

Kolapano

Figure l.--Map of the Island of Hawaii showing seismograph stations

operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, principal settlements,

and selected geologic features. Epicenters of loc~l earthquakes

are given in table 4 in terms of geographic coordinates, which

are indicated at t11e edges of the map.

2
if the lava exited via the graben it probably moved farther downrift

than Kane Nui 0 Hamo.

At 0100, on October 20 strong surface activity resumed at the

main vent. Lava quickly filled the depression in the vent area and

spilled outward into Alae and Alai Craters. By 0230, violent

fountains were playing 300 meters above the fissure. A high-level

obstruction in the vent directed the fountaining towards the PUll

Hu1uhu1u observation point for a short length of time. Spatter fell

as far as 10-20 meters over the south edge of the old Puu Huluhulu

vent. Fountains reached a maximum height of about 300 meters by

0230 and persisted until about 0615, then began to diminish in

height and volume. By 0640, the fountains had dropped to 150 meters,

a height they maintained with a few pulsations until the end of the

phase, which came. quickly at 0820 (within 2-3 minutes the phase was

over). As the fountains waned, lava filling the surface depression

in the vent area began pouring back down the fissure, carrying

solidified crust with it. Jetted gas from the fissure propelled

fragments of this dark crust back out of the fissure and high into

the air, resulting in an ominous black, billowing cloud that

continued to rush forth for several minutes before it died as the

gas·escaped.

Spattering took place from two vents along the eastward projection

of the eruptive fissure. One vent was in the area of minor vents

during phase 8, the other in a new area almost due north of the

northern rim of Alae. These vents were active for only an hour or two

in the early morning.

Sometime between 0415 and 0615, these large cracks opened across

the road constructed over the May 24 flow just west of Aloi. These

cracks have an aggregate tensional displacement of 30-50 em and lie

about 50-75 m south of the May 24 fissure.

3
6 3 Except for the latest flows, most of the 10.5 x 10 m of lava

from this eruption is poor in olivine. Most of the lava went into

two flows (one fed directly from the vent area, the other flowing

out of the full Alae Crater) which cascaded over Poliokeawe and Ho1ei

Palis before coming to rest near the base of the scarps. The flow

from ,Alae endangered the Chain of Craters road at the crest of the

scarps but failed to cross it; the other flow followed the channels

of preceding flows over the palis. Another flow moved eastward

north of Alae, covering the Christmas Eve tilt station. A relatively

small volume of lava entered Alai Crater, but considerable spatter

was added to the cone. This cone is now 60 meters above its

pre-eruption base, and both of its two summits are plainly visible

from the Observatory.

On October 24, lava was reported to be oozing down the Kalapana

Trail, about 2.5 km southeast of Alae Crater. The gas-poor pahoehoe

was traced upslope to an opening of a lava tube approximately 1 km

southeast of Alae Crater. Apparently, lava was moving out of Alae,

over its drowned southeastern rim, as the crust of the cooling lake

settled. This lava was flowing through tubes in the most recent

flow and emerging about a kilometer away. Over the course of 4 days

since the end of the most recent fountaining, the oozing lava had

created its own pahoehoe flow, and the active lava that was crossing

the Kalapana Trail was flowing through tubes in it. The oozing

ended by October 29. Two sections of the trail were covered, and

the oozing came close to, but did not reach, the highway at the

trail crossing. The oozing probably stopped when the crust of Alae

lake solidified down to the top of the drowned rim, because the lake

clearly did not drain down to that level, since the buried rim has

no surface expression.

For most of the quarter, active lava was visible in the vent.

On several occasions the lava column reached the surface and stayed

4
there for periods of from several hours to 2 or 3 days. During

three of these times (November 12-13, 15, and 19), lava filled the

vent depression and flowed into Alae and over its drowned rim for

short distances. These active periods were characterized by

dome-shaped upwellings of lava, as if the lava column were simply

projecting 5-10 meters above the ground surface, without any

spattering, and taking on the general appearance of an artesian well.

At times there was also spattering, but some (though not all) of

this seems to have been associated primarily with times of drainback

(every 10-15 minutes in the normal rise-and-fall cycle) and may have

resulted from liberation of' entrapped air carried down during drainback. This spatter built three small cones, and it provides good

material for sampling, as it is commonly quite dense. This

nonviolent action allowed closeup use of the optical pyrometer,

which in fume-free close-in conditions normally gave temperatures of

1165°-1175° c.

From November 19 to 30, all activity was confined within the

fissure; only Pele's hair escaped to the surface. The top of the

lava column was visible at times and out of sight at other times.

Periodic rise and fall of the column throughout an amplitude of

several meters could be observed or inferred from audible sounds at

the vent, and marked fluctuations in the amount of fume were also

keyed to the rise-fall pattern (much fume accompanied spatter released

during falls).

At 0830, November 30, lava was nearly at the surface and was

flowing from the west end of the fissure into the east end (an

estimated distance of 75 meters), where it plunged 15-20 meters into

a seething pool. Suddenly, at about 1100, the pool in the east end

rapidly filled and blossomed into a dome fountain several meters high.

This started a 2.5 day-long episode of surface activity. Between

periods of drainback, the vent depression would fill and then spill

5
out in broad lava rivers, many of which reached the remaining rim of

Alae and either cascaded into the crater or flowed around it and

extended southward across the slightly older flows of October and

November. This activity resulted in the addition of 1.1 x 106m

3

of lava to the surface.

'All was quiet at the main vent area from the night of December

2-3 until December 13, but three new segments of the eruptive

fissure opened sometime between December 3 and 8, most 'like1y on

December 5, between 800 and 1500 meters downrift. Several small

spatter ramparts were built, and pahoehoe flows that erupted from

these three segments (offset in a right an echelon sense from the

main fissure and from each other) spread out across most of the

February 1969 lava between Alae Crater and February 22 lava west of

Makaopuhi. This outbreak was not accompanied by harmonic tremor

detectable by any of the Observatory seismographs, but summit tilt

showed a small deflation that may have been associated with the

activity. The new pahoehoe has a volume of about .5 x 106

m

3,

Surface activity resumed at the main vent early in the morning

of December 13, and by 0830 one flow had already reached Alai Crater.

Throug?out the next 5 days (but especially on December 13 and 14),

low broken dome fountains and simple upwellings of the entire lava

column fed small flows that left the vent depression and spread

toward Alai and Alae; a few flows eventually reached both craters.

About 0.8 x 106m

3 of lava was added to the surface.

On December 14, lava was observed flowing eastward in the fissure

during rises and standstills of the lava column. By 1300, December 15,

the current had reversed to a westward direction, which it maintained

until some time between 1700 and 2000, December 18, when it resumed

flowing eastward. During this time, summit tilt recorded at Uwekahuna

was nearly flat, but during the night of December 18-19 the summit

6
began to rise gradually. By 0930, December 9, all flow of lava had

stopped within the fissure, and the top of the lava column was at

a depth of about 15 meters and was periodically rising and falling

throughout an amplitude of only 2.3 meters. On December 23, the

level of lava dropped out of sight, although a faint glow reflected

by glassy spatter clinging to the wall of the fissure provided

evidence of a turbulent lava column at depth. Computations show

that between 500 and 100 m

3/minute was being cycled through the

fissure on December 14, and the flow velocity increased subsequently,

so that volume

363

rates for December 15-18 were probably closer to

1000-1500 m /minute. A total of about 58 x 10 m of lava was

erupted from the day the eruption began, on May 24, to the end of

this quarter.

7
Seismic Notes

Seismic activity was concentrated in several zones: Southeast

flank of Kilauea, south flank of Kilauea, northeast flank of Mauna

Kea, and the southeast flank of Mauna Loa. Quakes on the southwest

flank increased from less than 10 per day to more than 20 per day

start'ing September 28. The activity increased further to a moderate

swarm and reached a peak on October 7-9, when nearly 400 quakes were

recorded on the Desert seismograph. These earthquakes appeared to

have been centered between the central southwest rift and west end

of Hi1ina Pali. The larger shocks of this group, nearly 3 in magnitude,

were reported to have been felt at Kapapala Ranch.

At about the time the southwest flank seismic activity peaked,

upper east rift and Poliokeawe fault quakes increased in number. The

pick-up of larger Poliokeawe quakes was very obvious. The largest

shock from the area at 1256, October 14, registered about 3-1/2

magnitude and was strongly felt by residents of Hi10.

Kilauea upper east rift quakes increased to over 200 on November

3, when, during a short-lived but impressive flurry between 1100 to

1200, quakes began to occur at 3 to 4 per minute. Several shocks

measur~ng nearly 3 in magnitude were felt by Volcano residents.

During the early morning hours of November 5, Hamakua coast

residents were disturbed by a half dozen shocks. These were the

largest (magnitude 3 to 3-1/2) of 35 northeast Mauna Kea quakes

recorded on the Mauna Loa seismograph. The source area appears to

have been near Keanakolu on Mauna Kea's northeast flank.

The largest earthquake during November occurred beneath the

Honuapo-Kaoiki fault system near the town of Pahala. It registered

a magnitude of 4 to 4-1/2 and was felt over nearly half the island

(strongest in Kau). Considerable numbers of aftershocks were

recorded. During the first 5 hours, 130 shocks were recorded by

8
a recently installed radio-telemeter station from the upper Kahuku

Ranch area.

Many small Kilauea caldera quakes were recorded during the quarter,

and seismographs continued to respond to the different levels of

volcanic activity. The count of shallow Kilauea Caldera quakes showed

changes in the generally expected way: During periods of continuous

inflation on the Uwekahuna E-W tiltmeter, quake counts increased to

high levels with frequent hour to several-hour long flurries, whereas

periods of minor deflation were characterized by low quake activity.

9
Tilting of the Ground Around Kilauea Caldera

Tilt.ing of the ground around the summit of Kilauea is monitored

daily by a short-base water-tube tiltmeter in Uwekahuna.vault, and at

irregular intervals it is measured on a regional scale by means of a

network of field tilt-bases and a portable water-tube tiltmeter. The

attitude of the ground surface at each tilt-base is reported in terms

of north-south and east-west tilt coordinates. Both coordinates at

each station were arbitrarily set equal to 500 when measurements at

that station were begun. Increasing tilt coordinates correspond to

northward and eastward tilting of the earth's surface; that is, to

a relative subsidence toward the north and east. A one-unit change in

coordinate corresponds to a tilting of 1 microradian (1 mm per km)

in the direction indicated.

Location of tiltmeter stations and essential data on each station

are listed in table 6, which is published only in the first quarter

issue each year.

Table l.--Tilt coordinates at Uwekahuna vault,

October, November, and December 1969 \

Date

(1969) N-S E-W Date

(1969) N-S E-W

Oct. 5 544 404 Nov. 23 543 398

12 543 407 30 544 397

19 539 416 Dec. 7 545 398

26 541 413 14 546 393

Nov. 2 543 406 21 547 391

9 542 404 28 548 386

16 543 402

10
Table 2.--Ti1t coordinates and changes at bases around Kilauea cladera. (Figure 2, tilting 

will not be included in this summary).

-6 Rate (10 rad/mo)

Tilt base Date Tilt Coordinates and direction of

(1969) N-S E-W tilting since 

last reading 

Dwekahuna (D) Dec. 3 591.2 373.0 1.33 N40.0oW 

Tree Molds (TM) Oct. 30 473.6 500.6 0.48 N69.0oW 

Sand Spit (55) 31 940.8 673.9 2.34 N13.7°W 

t-£

0 Keamoku (Kea) 27 527.7 388.5 0.48 N53.4°W 

DJ

Ahua Kamokukolau (Kam) 31 449.1 540.0 0.54 S58.8°W 

Kipuka Nene (KN) 28 298.7 308.5 0.58 S 0.2°E 

Hilina Pa1i (HP) 29 452.3 494.9 0.45 S47.4°W 

Kapapa1a (Kap) 27 490.4 513.8 0.32 S62.6°E 

Mehana (M) 30 573.5 581.2 0.42 S60.6°E 

*

For purposes of continuity of the tilt coordinates, we are disregarding all 3-pot readings a

the last set of 2-pot readings used in the summary. All readings hereafter will be of the 2
Seismic summary

Events recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey seismograph network

in Hawaii fall into two categories: local earthquakes and tremor

originating in the region of the Hawaiian Islands (usually within

100 km of at least one seismograph), and distant earthquakes

originating more than 3,000 km from Hawaii. As an index of seismic

activity at Hawaiian volcanoes, daily counts of earthquakes and minutes

of tremor recorded by seismographs in Hawaii are listed in table 3.

The earthquakes are separated in groups on the basis of region of

origin as determined by analysis of records obtained daily at the

observatory. Earthquakes of Inagni tude 2.0 or greater are generally

sufficiently well recorded to be located with greater precision; they

are listed individually in table 4.

Location of seismograph stations and essential data on each

station are listed in table 5 'in the first-quarter issue each year.

Acknowledgments

Several people and agencies reported "felt" earthquakes during

the fourth quarter, 1969. Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

11
Table 3.--Numbers of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs around

Kilauea Caldera

Tremor is separated into three categories: Deep, intermediate, and shallow, on the basis of rel

amplitude on seismographs in the summit region. Unless otherwise stated, tremor is presumed t

associated with movement of magma within the central complex of Kilauea Volcano.

Earthquake categories are: Kilauea summit, 30 km, earthquakes from a source about 30 km beneath 

Kilauea summit region; long-period earthquakes characterized by low-frequency waves that origi

about 5 km beneath Kilauea summit; and shallow earthquakes in the Kilauea caldera region; shal

earthquakes along the S.W. rift zone of Kilauea and the adjacent portion of the Kaoiki fault s

earthquakes from the upper east rift zone and the adjacent fault systems of Kilauea's south fl

shallow earthquakes along the northeast-trending Koae fault system south of Kilauea caldera; a

earthquakes from other regions: west Hawaii, Mauna Kea, etc

Tremor Earthquak.es

Date (in minutes) Kilauea Summit

(1969 ) SW rift Upper Koae Others 

Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate Shallow 30 KM 'Period Shallow Kaoiki rift

October 1 · · · . 44 22 3 1 .

2 · · · 21? 27 66 19 6 .

3 · · 1 l7? 13 45 14 2 2

4 · · · 3 9 35 10 3 4

5 · · 9 14 26 17 4 2

6 · · 1 8 21 22 27 1 2

7 · · · 6 71 159 64 61 2

8 · · 5 3 85 151 40 10 3

9 · · 4 4 44 11 34 12 3 
October 10 3 IS?

6 45

9 3 

11

2 I?

7 21 13

4

2 

12 ? 10 33 13

4 1

0

13 r-i 1 14? 13 12 31 5 1

14 ctS

2 21? 12 37 31 9 2

bO

15 1 17

7 24 10

2

.r-t

16 ctS 8 18 13

2

::1

17

cJ

2 75 15

7 17

7 1

::3

t-i

18

l.H 1 10 23 19 17

4

'"0

19 I=: 1 45 27 32 12

4 ctS

20 1 4s? 5? 6 24? 3 1 

0.r-t 

21 2? IS? 17

7 

::3

22 ? ? ? ? ? ? (1) enQ)

w 23

l.H en 4 1 12 11 8 6 0 ct3

..c:

24 en P- I?

7 5 2 2 (1)

en Q)

25

co

2

6 17 4 3 ..c

p.. .r-t

26 bO boO

4 10?

7 12 11 5

t::

27 12

.r-t .r-t

2 3 28

6 10 3 1

::3 ::3

28

'"0 '"C 3 30 44

7 8 3 1

bO en

29 0 r-i

2 330

7 30? 3 

0 (1)

:> 

30 33

(l)

4

2 316 15 43 5 CI) r-i 

31

6 346 9 21 3 1 
Table 3.--Numbers of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs around

Kilauea Caldera--Continued

Earthquakes

Tremor

Date (in minutes) Kilauea Summit

(1969) SW rift Upper Koae Others 

Inter- Long and east

Deep mediate Shallow 30 KM Period Shallow Kaoiki rift

November 1

· 1 508 15 8 5

2 42 5 2 360 12 19 2

3 · · 4 2 92 11 225? 3 .

4 · · · . 78 13 27 2 1

5 · · · 1 65 15 18 1 24 

6 3 114 8 4 5 5 

· . 

7 · · · 1 52 3 2 2 3

8 · · 8 129 5 6 1

9 1 2 100? 35 5 1 1

10 · · · 1 220 10 3 8

11

· · 15? 164? 16? 22? 3? 6

12 36

· 9? 158 17 25 7 1

13 · · 1 5 174 10 22 314

· · · 3 235? 7 13 3 3

15 3

· · 2 268 5 12 1 1

16 · · 2 . 421 5 23 2 1

17 · · · 12? 224 11 46 49 4
November 18

9

2 3 436 9 27 1 2

19 ? 186 13 185? 1

20 2? 598 10

9

21

4

2 1000

2 13 1

22 1 430

6 14 1 1

23

4 974 13 205? 1 1

24 1 647 19 138?

4

25 1 407 12 95? 3 1

26 308 11 lID? 1

27 1 1200

6 . 36 1 1

28 3 325

9 24 \Jl

29 178 11 23 1

30 1 5 95 17 15 3
Table 3.--Numbers of earthquakes and minutes of tremor recorded on seismographs around

Kilauea Caldera--Continued

Earthquakes

Tremor

Date (in minutes) Kilauea Summit

(1969) SW rift Upper Koae Others 

and east· Inter- Long Kaoiki rift Deep mediate Shallow 30 KM Period Shallow

ecember 1 25 · 1 ? 251 14 28 1 3

2 · · 1 2 220 11 22 ·

3 · 2 7 242 9 38 4 1

4 · · 1 3 203 . 5 27 1 2

5 · · · 1 199 6 7 · ·

6 · · 287 15 15 1 1

7 · · 4 353 11 91 2 1

8 · · 390 17 164? 1 1

9 · 1 1 240 5 85 2 1

10 · · · 1 213 8 10 · ·

11 · · · 3 517 6 5 1 1

12 · · 1 294 2 164? 1 ·

13 · 2? 77? 4 60? 1 ·

14 · 4 . 57 11 8? 5 1

15 · · · 1 190 8 11 1 1

16 75 · 1 228 24 29 2 1

17 · · 2 236 6 25 2 2

D
December 18 3 3 1 281 15 12

19

2 486 13 78

20 1248 12 150

2 1

21

2

5 1290 13 18

5

22 1 1020 19 60? 13

23

2 5? 615

7 10? 5?

24 2 ? 8 227? 125 ? 6 13

4

26 1 286 6 13 1

. 27 287

5 159 ? 1

28 ? 178? ? 84 10 1

29

4 47

4 44

7

30 2? 176? 218? 15? 54? 6? 

" 

31 ? 39? 28 17? 1 
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969.

Entries for a given quake are: Date, origin time (Hawaiian Standard Time),

magnitude, depth, epicenter, and felt report. All earthquakes of magnitude

2.5 and" larger, as well as many favorably located smaller ones, occurring on

or near the island of Hawaii are included in the list.

10,

a

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. W. - --

ober 1 12-31-22.2 2.1 5 19°14.3' 155°21.0'

2 23-10-35.4 2.0 7 19°10.8' 155°20.6'

3 01-14-45.0 2.4 9 19°20.3' 155°46.9'

3 19-24-48.3 2.0 2 19°12.7' 155°20.0'

3 19-25-56.2 2.8 22 18°49.0' 155°23.1'

3 23-16-55.1 2.0 2 19°17.4' 155°12.3'

4 05-47-52.7 2.2 6 19°26.7' 155°42.3'

4 11-08-45.5 2.4 10 19°09.6' 155°14.0'

4 17-22-24.4 2.0 5 19°11.6' 155°20.5'

4 18-13-12.8 2.9 7 19°12.7' 155°20.2'

4 18-37-08.2 2.0 2 19°11.2' 155°20.0'

4 21-06-10.2 2.1 3 19°32.9' 155°38.0'

"4 23-43.59.7 2.1 7 19°31.3' 155°37.9'

5 12-55-51.0 2.1 14 19°10.2' 155°21.1'

5 13-41-11.0 2.5 8 19°10.1' 155°36.8'

5 18-56-34-9 2.7 6 19°18.0' 155°06.6'

6 00-42-39.2 2.0 0 19°17.7' 155°00.4'

6 04-13-22.0 2.3 6 19°14.8' 155°20.9' near Pahal

6 08-34-41.4 2.6 8 19°10.3' 155°12.9'

6 22-54-32.8 2.9 23 20°08.5' 155°49.4' near Paaui

7 10-41-25.7 2.5 6 19°11.7' 155°21.0' Kohala

7 10-43-02.7 2.1 7 19°15.0' 155°20.7'

7 12-36-04.9 2.7 16 20°07.3' 155°48.3'

7 14-29-53.7 2.1 6 19°14.4' 155°20.2'

7 14-49-37.4 2.6 7 19°14.5' 155°20.1'

Oct

18
Table 4.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

a

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

tober 7 15-26-46.3 2.6 4 19°11.6' 155°21.3'

7 15-30-05.6 2.6 5 19°11.3' 155°20.9'

7 17-35-13.2 2.1 11 19°13.8' 155°20.9'

7 21-45-44.4 2.6 10 19°01.8' 155°06.2'

7 23-27-13.3 2.5 6 19°14.6' 155°20.4'

8 00-12-34.6 2.7 8 19°13.4' 155°20.2'

8 03-57-55.5 2.0 4 19°21.2' 155°01.1'

8 04-51-06.3 2.2 7 19°13.0' 155°21.1'

8 08-37-58.4 2.0 5 19°14.1' 155°21.0'

8 08-44-34.4 2.0 4 19°15.5' 155°20.8'

8 09-43-01.6 2.7 10 19°01.8' 155°10.5'

8 11-13-31.1 2.4 8 19°25.3' 155°49.7'

8 12-58-34.1 2.0 11 19°23.4' 155°24.2'

8 14-17-20.1 2.9 5 19°13.3' 155°20.8' near Pabal

9 01-18-38.7 2.1 5 19°14.2' 155°20.1'

9 02-39-02.7 2.3 31 119°25.5' 155°34.8'

9 08-05-20.1 2.0 4 119°13.9' 155°20.4'

9 12-31-08.8 2.0 35 119°21.8' 155°11.6'

9 15-41-11.8 2.4 5 119°23.0' 155°03.4'

9 17-59-22.0 2.2 18 tl9°02.7' 155°13.4'

9 21-50-34.5 2.0 5 tl9°13.7' 155°19.8'

10 01-58-06.6 2.8 9 tl.9°20.4' 155°48.2'

10 04-02-35.6 2.1 7 ].9°21.9' 1155°07.7'

10 06-12-10.6 2.1 7 19°14.6' tl55°19.8'

10 18-17-06.8 2.1 6 19°32.8' tl55°39.5'

10 20-25-55. 9 2.8 4 19°11.6' l55°20.2'

Oc

19
Table 4.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

a, Hila,

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

tober 10 21-55-31.5 2.9 15 19°10.8' 155°35.8'

11 10-34-08.7 2.0 1 19°10.5' 155°17.3'

11 12-00-07.2 3.0 5 20°20.0' 155°03.3' Hi10

11 14-17-43.2 2.0 5 19°40.0' 155°04.7'

11 24-41-00.3 2.4 2 19°13.6' 155°20.6'

12 15-28-11.0 2.4 10 20°49.3' 156°04.6'

13 05-30-15.8 2.5 10 19°24.1' 155°24.7'

13 06-45-05.0 2.2 7 19°19.3' 155°01.7'

13 14-13-11.0 2.1 16 19°04.1' 155°14.1'

14 12-55-31.9 4.0 8 19°22.9' 155°04.2'

14 13-15-08.0 2.2 4 19°15.1' 154°59.9'

14 16-29-15.3 2.5 5 19°16.2' 155°06.7'

14 . 16-52-53.9 2.0 5 19°18.4' 154°59.7'

14 16-57-36.5 2.4 8 19°23.1' 155°02.4'

14 17-26-41.7 2.6 5 19°13.6' 155°20.0'

16 13-12-36.1 2.3 3 19°12.0' 155°21.4'

17 05-13-02.9 2.9 27 19°22.8' 155°20.2'

17 17-00-01.7 2.6 9 19°11.1' 155°36.1'

18 21-16-31.1 3.2 7 19°21.5' 155°03.7'

19 15-38-11.1 2.3 4 19°13.5' 155°21.4'

19 15-49-53.4 2.2 9 19°19.5' 155°13.7'

20 16-35-49.4 2.5 9 19°53.3' 155°29.8'

21 13-01-56.6 2.0 12 19°21.9' 155°26.0'

22 01-28-37.8 2.0 16 19°25.2' 155°16.9'

22 03-26-30.0 3.3 11 19°22.7' 155°23.5' near Paha1

22 17-18-50.3 2.0 10 19°24.2' 155°24.5' Mt. View

Dc

20
Table 4.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

a

10

10,

nokaa

10, Hilo,

Honokaa

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

tober 23 05-21-56.9 3.0 4 19°16.6' 155°05.0'

23 07-09-12.4 2.0 4 19°23.6' 155°01.8'

27 13-39-09.3 2.2 19 19°45.6' 155°23.9'

28 14-47-03.2 2.5 31 19°22.0' 155°15.9'

28 18-13-21.4 , 2.3 9 19°30.4' 155°45.8'

29 10-48-57.9 2.0 7 19°11.4' 155°12.1'

30 08-59-24.6 2.4 36 19°13.0' 155°23.6'

30 10-19-29.9 2.4 . 11 19°16.9' 155°04.4'

31 07-17-33.4 2.9 11 19°24.0' 155°24.1' near Pahal

31 17-00-52.4 2.9 128? 20°14.9' 156°06.8'

ember 2 08-09-31.5 2.7 9 19°19.5' 155°07.3'

3 02-21-38.2 2.4 33 19°21.4' 155°17.1'

4 06-26-36.9 2.2 32 19°48.2' 155°11.0'

5 05-15-48.0 2.5 4 19°58.8' 155°18.5'

5 05-21-24.6 3.6 9 19°58.5' 155°21.4' near Paaui

Hi10, Ho

5 05-23-03.5 2.7 8 19°54.6' 155°20.0' Honokaa

5 05-32-13.9 2.2 10 19°46.6' 155°23.0'

5 05-33-48.3 2.4 6 19°56.8' 155°18.9'

5 05-39-02.3 2.9 9 19°54.0' 155°19.6' near Paaui

5 05-43-03.0 2.0 6 19°47.8' 155°18.9'

5 05-44-06.1 3.7 10 19°59.6' 155°21.5' near Paaui

Kilauea,

5 05-46-46.7 2.1 10 19°50.5' 155°20.7'

5 06-35-51.9 2.1 10 19°45.1' 155°21.4'

5 06-45-29.8 2.4 10 19°54.3' 155°20.1' Honokaa

Dc

Nov

21
Table 4.--Loca1 earthqua~es recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

10, Hila

ear

Kilauea

110

10,

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ember 5 06-57-11.0 3.5 9 19°55.4' 155°20.0' Honokaa, n

Paauilo,

5 07-00-07.3 3.4 9 19°59.1' 155°21.5' near Paaui

Honokaa

5 07-02-32.7 2.5 10 20°00.5' 155°20.8' Honokaa

5 07-10-09.2 2.3 10 19°52.7' 155°20.8' Honokaa

5 07-23-05.3 2.7 10 20°14.0' 155°23.7' Honokaa

5 07-38-11.2 2.8 10 20°05.6' 155°21.9' Honokaa, H"

5 07-46-43.3 2.5 8 19°54.4' 155°19.1' Honokaa

5 07-49-33.0 2.3 10 19°53.2' 155°20.7'

5 07-51-47.3 2.4 17 19°54.4' 155°20.0'

5 08-54-48.4 2.6 10 19°52.4' 155°20.7' Honokaa

5 09-01-04.9 2.4 10 19°46.2' 155°41.3'

5 09-26-38.9 3.7 10 20°00.7' 155°19.7' near Paaui

5 16-32-35.3 2.7 6 20°00.1' 155°19.5'

5 16-51-07.0 2.8 34 19°32.9' 156°18.8'

6 03-41-11.5 2.5 10 19°24.8' 155°24.0'

6 05-30-51.8 2.9 8 19°59.4' 155°21.6'

6 05-32-12.7 2.1 10 19°50.7' 155°20.1'

6 23-26-41.9 2.8 7 19°56.1' 155°18.4'

7 00-46-49.1 2.8 9 19°57.7' 155°21.3'

7 00-52-17.9 2.5 4 20°01.1' 155°17.6'

7 11-01-00.5 3.3 6 20°00.9' 155°48.5'

8 03-16-18.2 2.3 1 19°13.9' 155°05.2'

9 01-29-34.3 2.6 15 19°51.2' 155°21.0'

9 01-56-57.2 2.1 8 19°21.6' 155°09.9'

Nov

22
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the u.s.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

10

10

10

10

10

10

10,

Naalehu,

ua

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ember 9 10-40-04.5 2.1 11 19°25.3' 155°25.3'

9 19-12-12.2 4.5 8 19°10.6' 155°30.7' Pahala, Hi

Kilauea,

Kealakek

9 19-42-21.2 2.3 6 19°11.3' 155°30.5'

9 20-23-21.4 2.2 8 19°10.8' 155°31.2'

9 23-00-17.1 2.0 5 19°10.6' 155°30.1'

10 02-05-02.3 2.1 40 19°22.9' 155°14.8'

10 13-34-37.4 2.5 8 19°10.0' 155°30.6'

10 21-16-56.7 2.7 10 19°57.6' 155°21.5' near Paaui

10 21-20-25.7 3.1 10 19°57.9' 155°21.3' near Paaui

10 21-26-33.5 2.3 9 19°56.9' 155°20.6'

10 21-35-51.7 2.3 7 19°59.6' 155°20.2'

10 21-36-43.4 2.9 11 19°57.8' 155°21.4' near Paaui

10 21-42-54.0 2.4 9 19°50.6' 155°19.2' near Paaui

10 21-44-12.1 2.1 8 19°51.1' 155°19.0'

11 03-26-29.6 2.6 7 20°00.2' 155°20.4' near Paaui

11 03-32-36.4 2.6 9 19°58.4' 155°21.1'

11 03-41-19.5 2.4 9 19°58.2' 155°20.9' near Paaui

11 05-27-18.4 2.3 10 19°20.8' 155°46.4'

11 09-24-42.0 2.6 8 19°58.8' 155°20.5'

11 14-19-32.2 3.2 10 19°11.1' 154°50.8'

12 02-24-22.1 2.6 9 19°52.9' 155°19.5'

12 11-10-34.7 2.9 10 19°54.8' 155°19.7'

13 02-02-21.6 2.6 10 18°51.1' 155°09.6'

13 07-06-47.0 2.9 27 19°22.4' 155°16.5'

Nov

23
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

Kilauea,

uilo,

ear

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) - Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ember 13 11-52-43.3 2.5 24 19°29.1' 155°09.5'

13 14-44-59.3 2.5 4 19°17.1' 155°07.2'

14 02-33-07.3 3.6 9 19°32.1' 155°36.2'

14 02-41-31.4 2.3 7 19°32.7' 155°39.0'

14 03-01-42.9 2.1 6 19°32.1' 155°37.4'

14 14-11-29.3 2.3 7 19°17.3' 155°16.9'

14 17-48-54.1 2.1 11 19°23.0' 155°24.4'

15 02-22-11.3 2.6 9 19°51.1' 155°19.4'

16 07-06-37.2 2.2 10 20°17.0' 156°14.8'

16 12-20-16.7 2.9 9 19°53.5' 155°19.5'

17 05-35-47.4 2.1 7 19°09.8' 155°30.0'

17 10-29-05.8 2.6 10 19°51.3' 155°21.2'

17 11-37-39.9 3.2 10 19°54.4' 155°54.0'

17 16-49-51.8 2.3 5 19°24.5' 155°37.2'

17 23-05-17.0 2.9 10 19°36.8' 156°31.6'

17 23-56-34.7 2.6 4 19°33.0' 155°39.9'

18 01-05-28.5 2.5 1 19°11.2' 155°17.6'

18 03-00-52.8 2.6 9 19°59.2' 155°21.6' Paauilo

18 16-56-28.2 3.0 9 19°56.7' 155°20.2'

19 11-10-10.3 2.5 9 19°53.2' 155°19.7'

19 22-18-54.7 2.6 9 19°18.6' 155°13.8'

21 02-21-14.3 2.1 9 19 °56.8 t 155°20.8'

22 14-05-44.0 3.6 17 19°33.5' 155°05.2' Mt. View,

Hilo, Paa

Pahala

23 13-34-16.0 3.2 32 19°53.1' 155°31.0' Paauilo, n

Nov

Pahala

24
Table 4.--Loca1 earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the u.s.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

a1f of

, Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ember 23 18-57-51.8 2.3 7 19°17.8' 155°28.1'

24 05-15-52.2 2.6 10 19°09.6' 155°35.5'

24 09-12-22.9 4.5 35 19°41.8' 156°03.5' northern h

island

24 09-44-09.1 2.7 45 19°43.4' 156°10.9'

24 12-51-28.0 2.5 3 19°19.7' 155°52.8'

25 10-42-57.4 2.6 6 19°11.6' 155(\31.3'

26 22-09-17.9 2.7 35 19°42.4' 156°05.1'

27 23-56-09.7 2.8 15 19°20.2' 155°56.5'

30 04-58-47.5 2.3 10 20°03.6' 155°47.4'

30 21-11-14.0 3.9 10 20 3/4° 162°

30 23-56-23.3 3.5 9 19°57.9' 155°20.3' Paauilo

ember 1 01-43-52.4 2.4 10 19°55.2' 155°20.4'

1 04-48-22.3 2.7 9 19°53.1' 155°19.6' Paauilo

1 07-56-15.3 2.8 9 19°54.0' 155°19.5' Paauilo

1 22-02-00.1 2.6 7 19°25.6' 155°16.3' Kilauea

3 15-02-24.7 2.5 10 19°47.4' 155°48.9'

4 10-12-28.6 2.5 13 20°01.6' 155°21.6' Paauilo

4 11.36-28.2 2.7 9 19°53.2' 155°19.9'

5 01-30-57.6 2.0 6 19°18.5' 155°08.0'

6 18-45-29.3 2.5 6 19°18.3' 155°00.9'

6 20-22-18.9 2.7 31 19°02.4' 155°21.4'

6 22-34-29.9 3.1 10 19°20.2' 155°06.3' Mt. View

7 09-36-03.2 2.3 0 19°02.2' 155°05.5'

8 11-13-53.8 2.8 10 19°54.9' 155°20.0' Paauilo

9 00-24-20.5 2.0 6 19°15.1' 155°25.9'

Nov

Dec

25
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report

h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - - -

mber 9 17-09-43.0 2.6 10 19°01.3' 154°43.3'

9 22-56-11.2 2.6 10 19°21.7' 155°15.8'

9 23-01-45.1 2.5 9 19°20.5' 155°12.4'

10 04-13-58.6 2.4 9 19°20.0' 155°13.2'

10 18-17-14.9 2.0 9 19°20.1' 155°12.4'

11 00-01-04.7 2.1 23 19 °20.7' 155°15.8'

11 02-19-53.6 3.5 10 19°10.4' 155°37.2'

11 04-57-17.8 2.7 2 19°14.9' 155°05.7'

12 14-58-34.1 2.3 8 19°20.6' 155°02.1' Hilo

12 18-27-04.6 3.2 10 19°18.6' 155°14.4'

12 18-29-03.9 3.1 9 19°18.3' 155°14.1'

13 00-43-38.0 2.1 9 19°18.8' 155°14.3'

13 08-59-10.9 2.7 9 19°21.6' 155°09.8'

14 00-59-58.5 2.4 75? 19°30.8' 155°22.0'

14 11-00-07.5 2.4 7 19°21.8' 155°02.4'

15 07-57-57.2 2.1 29 19°19.9' 155°17.8'

15 18-39-31.9 2.6 10 19°22.1' 155°10.4'

15 22-03-46.1 2.4 29 20°00.3' 155°37.8'

16 04-02-42.0 2.0 8 19°30.4' 155°46.2'

16 23-37-58.0 2.3 8 19°20.0' 155°13.3'

17 08-43-10.8 2.5 9 19°18.0' 155°14.8'

17 19-42-25.3 3.1 13 19°03' 156°48'

17 21-59-31.8 2.0 8 19°26.9' 155°50.6'

20 03-40-33.5 2.0 7 19°11.3' 155°48.7'

21 04-48-01.4 2.6 9 19°19.4' 155°13.7'

22 16-14-14.1 3.4 10 19°19.7' 155°27."8'

Dece

26
Table 4.--Local earthquakes recorded by seismographs of the U.S.

Geological Survey, October, November, December, 1969

a

uea

akekua

i10

ear

Date Time Magni- Depth Epicenter Felt

tude (km) Report h m s Lat. N. Long. w. - --

ember 22 16-16-18.3 2.1 9 19°20.0' 155'°28.2'

23 08-03-37.7 2.0 8 19°22.8' 155°27.4'

23 22-53-33.9 2.3 28 19°17.5' 155°18.6'

24 13-35-10.9 2.2 8 19°20.4' 155°09.4'

24 19-34-12.0 2.9. 13 20°45' 154°54'

24 19-39-34.1 3.2 25 19°30.0' 155°08.9' Kilauea, H

25 00-43-10.6 2.0 5 19°15.4' 155°06.7'

25 03-28-26.7 3.3 32 19°21.4' 155°17.2' Kilauea, n

Pahala

25 07-42-30.9 2.1 25 19°21.9' 155°16.2'

26 02-13-32.3 2.1 1 19°11.4' 155°17.7'

26 12-05-00.3 2.0 7 19°23.2' 155°16.9'

27 16-59-44.0 4.1 9 19°19.1' 155°14.6' Hila, Ki1a

27 17-36-31.4 3.2 10 19°07.4' 155°09.7'

27 19-37-20.8 3.7 10 19°19.0' 155°13.3' Hila, Kea1

Paauilo

28 11-01-24.0 2.5 19 19°56.5' 155°36.8'

28 13-52-03.8 2.6 8 19°16.5' 155°13.0'

28 22-44-29.4 2.0 6 19°23.6' 155°16.8'

29 06-00-52.7 3.6 10 19°20.1' 155°28.7' near Paba1

30 10-58-14.6 2.1 29 19°21.3' 155°19.8'

30 19-43-42.0 2.2 9 19°21.2' 155°12.4'

Dec

27
Publications of Special Interest

and HVO Contributions, 1969

Decker, R. W., and Wright, T. L., 1968, Deformation measurements on

. Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii: Bull. Volcanol., v. XXXI1-2 , p. 401

Fiske, R. S., and Kinoshita, W. T., 1969, Inflation of Kilauea

Volcano prior to its 1967-68 eruption: Science, v. 165,

p. 341-349.

Gromme, C. S., Wright, T. L., and Peck, D. L., 1969, Magnetic

properties and oxidation'of iron-titanium oxide minerals in

Alae and Makaopuhi lava lakes, Hawaii: Jour. Geophys. Research,

v. 74, no. 22, p. 5277-5293.

Hill, D. P., 1969, Crustal structure of the island of Hawaii from

seismic-refraction measurements: Seismol. Soc. America Bull.,

v. 59, no. 1, p. 101-130.

Kinoshita, W. T., Koyanagi, R. Y., Wright, T. L., and Fiske, R. S.,

1969, Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption: Science,

v. 166, p. 459-468.

Koyanagi, R. Y., 1968, Hawaiian seismic events during 1965: u.S.

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B95-B98.

_______________1969, Hawaiian seismic events during 1966: u.S.

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 650-B, p. B113-Bl16.

1969, Hawaiian seismic events during 1967: u.S.

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 650-C, p. C79-C8l.

1969, Hawaiian seismic events during 1968: U.S.

Geo1. Survey Prof. Paper 650-D, p. D168-D171.

Moore, J. G., and Fiske, R. S., 1969, Volcanic substructure inferred

from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii:

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 80, p. 1191-1202.

Moore, J. G., and Koyanagi, R. Y., 1969, The October 1963 eruption of

Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geo1. Survey Prof. Paper 6l4-C,

p. CI-C13.

28
Skinner, B. J., and Peck, D. L., 1969, An immiscible sulfide melt

from Hawaii: Econ. Geology Mon., no. 4, p. 310~322.

Walker, G., 1969, Geologic map of the Kau Desert quadrangle Hawaii:

U.S. Geo1. Survey Geo1. Quad. Map GQ-827.

GPO ~f80-67:~

29