U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Pamphlet to accompany

Scientific Investigations Map 3371

Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, 

Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma
Cover. Upper left, Solution cavities and box work breccia in fine-grained sandstone of West Spring Creek Formation (Arbuckle Group) in 

the central part of the map area. Sandstone beds occur but are uncommon within this formation in the map area. Upper right, Exposure of 

Hart limestone (informal) of the Desmoinesian Boggy Formation about 10 miles northeast of the map area in the region of the Lawrence uplift. 

Lower right, Limestone conglomerate that is common in Desmoinesian rocks in the northeast part of the map area. [Also shown as figure 9 in 

the pamphlet.] Lower left, Contact of dark-weathering, wavy-bedded limestone of the Viola Group overlying white-weathering, tabular-bedded, 

micritic limestone of the Bromide Formation (Simpson Group) along Highway 377 near the central part of the eastern map border.
Geologic Map of the Fittstown 

7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston 

Counties, Oklahoma

By David J. Lidke and Charles D. Blome

Pamphlet to accompany

Scientific Investigations Map 3371

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

SALLY JEWELL, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Suzette M. Kimball, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2017

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Suggested citation:

Lidke, D.J., and Blome, C.D., 2017, Geologic map of the Fittstown 7.5’ quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston 

Counties, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3371, 14 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, 

https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3371.

ScienceBase citation:

Lidke, D.J., and Blome, C.D., 2016, Data release for Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ quadrangle, Pontotoc 

and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F77P8WJN.

ISBN 2329-132X (online)
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Previous Geologic Mapping................................................................................................................2

Geologic Mapping of the Fittstown Quadrangle..............................................................................2

Geologic Setting.............................................................................................................................................3

Stratigraphy ...........................................................................................................................................3

Regional Structure................................................................................................................................3

Structural Features in the Fittstown Quadrangle ............................................................................6

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................7

Description of Map Units..............................................................................................................................8

Quaternary Stratigraphy......................................................................................................................8

Paleozoic Stratigraphy.........................................................................................................................8

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................12

Figures

1. Map showing location of Fittstown 7.5’ quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston 

Counties, Oklahoma, including the approximate outline of the Arbuckle Mountains.......1

2. Photographs showing A, relatively flat, highland landscape that characterizes 

all but the northeastern part of the map area. B, Small hills and valleys in 

northeastern part of map area, which characterize the northeastern flank of 

the highland shown in A..............................................................................................................2

3. Photograph showing typical road exposure of West Spring Creek Formation in 

northeast part of map area .........................................................................................................3

4. Generalized geologic sketch map and cross section of the northeastern Arbuckle 

Mountains, Oklahoma, including outline of the Fittstown 7.5’ quadrangle map area .......4

5–9. Photographs showing:

5. A, Greenish-gray, fine-grained to micritic dolomite of the West Spring Creek 

Formation showing laminations that are common in this rock unit. B, Light-tan to 

pale-green, tabular, thin bedded and laminated dolomite of the West Spring Creek 

Formation (Arbuckle Group) about 1.5 mi east of south-central part of eastern 

map border.....................................................................................................................................5

6. A, “Birdseye” limestone of the McLish Formation (Simpson Group) showing 

irregular flecks and masses of clear calcite in white to light-gray micritic limestone. 

B, Blocky-bedded “birdseye” limestone in quarry wall near central part of eastern 

map border.....................................................................................................................................5

7. A, Solution cavity in the undifferentiated map unit consisting of the Bromide and 

McLish Formations (Obm) about 1 mi east of southern part of eastern map border. 

B, Solution cavities (vugs) in basal sandstone member of Oil Creek Formation 

(Simpson Group) about 1 mi east of south-central part of eastern map border........................5

8. Highly fractured West Spring Creek Formation along quarry wall in east-central 

part of map area............................................................................................................................6

9. Limestone conglomerate that is common in Desmoinesian rocks in the northeast 

part of the map area.....................................................................................................................6
iv

Conversion Factors

Inch to SI

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

SI to Inch

Multiply By To obtain

Length

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)
Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, 

Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

By David J. Lidke and Charles D. Blome

Abstract

This 1:24,000-scale geologic map includes new geologic 

mapping as well as compilation and revision of previous 

geologic maps in the area. Field investigations were carried 

out during 2009–2011 that included mapping and investigations of the geology and hydrology of the Chickasaw National 

Recreation Area, Oklahoma, southwest of the map area.

The Fittstown quadrangle is in Pontotoc and Johnston 

Counties in south-central Oklahoma, which is in the northeastern part of the Arbuckle Mountains. The Arbuckle Mountains 

are composed of a thick sequence of Paleozoic sedimentary 

rocks that overlie Lower Cambrian and Proterozoic igneous 

rocks; these latter rocks are not exposed in the quadrangle. 

During the Middle to Late Pennsylvanian, the Arbuckle 

Mountains region was folded, faulted, and uplifted. Periods 

of erosion followed these Pennsylvanian mountain-building 

events, beveling this region and ultimately developing the 

current subtle topography that includes hills and incised 

uplands. The southern and northwestern parts of the Fittstown 

quadrangle are directly underlain by Lower Ordovician 

dolomite of the Arbuckle Group that has eroded to form an 

extensive, stream-incised upland containing the broad, gently 

southeast-plunging, Pennsylvanian-age Hunton anticline. 

The northeastern part of the map area is underlain by Middle 

Ordovician to Pennsylvanian limestone, shale, and sandstone 

units that predominantly dip northeast and form the northeastern limb of the Hunton anticline; this limb is cut by steeply 

dipping, northwest-southeast striking faults of the Franks fault 

zone. This limb and the Franks fault zone define the southwestern margin of the Franks graben, which is underlain by 

Pennsylvanian rocks in the northeast part of the map area.

Introduction

The Fittstown 7.5′ quadrangle is located in south-central 

Oklahoma, in Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, about 80 miles 

(mi) (130 kilometers [km]) south-southeast of Oklahoma City, in 

the northeastern part of the Arbuckle Mountains (fig. 1). Geologic 

mapping of the Fittstown quadrangle was completed as part of a 

much larger geologic framework study of the Arbuckle-Simpson 

aquifer (Christenson and others, 2011; Blome and others, 2013). 

The original 1:72,000-scale geologic map of the Arbuckle 

Mountains (Ham and others, 1954) includes and extends over 

the Fittstown quadrangle; this map and a later revised version 

of it at 1:100,000-scale (Johnson, 1990), provided useful source 

map information during our larger scale (1:24,000 scale) mapping of the Fittstown quadrangle. The 1990 map supersedes 

the original 1954 map that is no longer available except in map 

collections at some libraries. We obtained the original 1954 map 

from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) library and in many 

areas we found the larger scale of this map to be useful during 

our mapping investigations.

The Arbuckle Mountains are a deeply eroded, ancient 

mountain range with little topographic relief. Late Paleozoic 

(Middle‒Late Pennsylvanian) deformation and uplift of a 

thick sequence of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and underlying 

Lower Cambrian and Proterozoic igneous rocks formed the 

Arbuckle Mountains. Subsequent erosion beveled the ancient 

Arbuckle Mountains to the low topographic relief present 

today. The northeastern part of the Arbuckle Mountains, 

which includes the Fittstown quadrangle, is currently a broad, 

stream-incised highland that has a topographically prominent 

northeastern flank, which separates it from lowlands to the 

northeast (fig. 2A and B). These principal topographic features coincide with major structural features that control the 

exposed distribution of rock units in the northeastern Arbuckle 

Mountains and in the map area. The Fittstown quadrangle 

includes parts of the plateau-like highland, its northeastern 

flank, and the lowlands to northeast.

Figure 1. Location of Fittstown 7.5’ quadrangle, Pontotoc and 

Johnston Counties, Oklahoma, including the approximate outline 

of the Arbuckle Mountains.

Ouachita

Mountains

Arbuckle

Mountains

Fittstown

quadrangle

OKLAHOMA CITY

OKLAHOMA

KANSAS

TEXAS

Ada

Ardmore

36°

34°

102° 100° 98° 96° 94°

0 50 100 150 MILES

0 50 100 150 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data
2 Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

Previous Geologic Mapping

Taff (1903, 1904) produced the first geologic maps of 

the Arbuckle Mountains at a 1:125,000 scale. The lithostratigraphic nomenclature in these early maps included many of 

the same, or similar rock-unit names as used today. Units 

included on these two maps were their “Reagan sandstone” 

(lowermost formation of the Timbered Hills Group today, 

that is exposed to the south of the mapped area), “Arbuckle 

limestone” (now elevated to the Arbuckle Group), “Simpson 

formation” (now the Simpson Group), and the “Viola limestone” (now the Viola Group).

Geologic investigations and mapping of the Arbuckle 

Mountains surged in the 1940s and 1950s and resulted in 

the1:72,000-scale geologic map of the Arbuckle Mountains 

by Ham and others (1954). This map was later included in 

an Oklahoma Geological Survey guidebook by Ham (1955). 

Johnson (1990) later revised the Ham and others (1954) geologic map as Johnson (1990), which was included by Fairchild 

and others (1990) in an Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 

on the hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains.

The first digital map coverage of the Arbuckle Mountains, which included the area of the Fittstown quadrangle, 

was the geospatial map database constructed by Cederstrand 

(1996). This map was digitized from the 1:250,000-scale 

Hydrologic Atlas map 3 of Hart (1974). The small scale of 

Cederstrand’s (1996) digital map and its source map (Hart, 

1974) and the fact that they don’t include attitudes (strikes and 

dips) or Quaternary deposits, limited their use in our Fittstown 

quadrangle map compilation. The digital geologic map databases of Heran (2003) and Stoeser (2007) included a geodatabase of the central United States (including Oklahoma), but 

are at 1:500,000-scale and therefore also of too small a scale 

to help in constructing a large-scale geologic map of the Fittstown quadrangle. We scanned and registered the smaller scale 

geologic maps of Ham and others (1954) and Johnson (1990) 

that are 1:72,000- and 1:100,000-scale, respectively, as they 

proved useful in our mapping and compilation.

The only other published geologic maps in the Arbuckle 

Mountain region are geologic maps of the Stonewall quadrangle (Morgan, 1924) and of the Chickasaw National Recreation 

Area (CNRA; Blome and others, 2013). The 1924 map of the 

Stonewall quadrangle covers the Fittstown quadrangle and 

much of the northeastern part of the Arbuckle Mountains; its 

small scale (1:125,000-scale), lack of a topographic base map 

(planimetric base map), and the availability of more recent 

smaller scale maps that cover the Stonewall quadrangle region 

(Ham and others, 1954; Johnson, 1990) made it of little use in 

our compilation of the Fittstown quadrangle. The CNRA map 

covers part of the north-central Arbuckle Mountains, about 

23 mi (37 km) southwest of the map area; like the Fittstown 

quadrangle, it is a 1:24,000-scale map.

Geologic Mapping of the Fittstown Quadrangle

The geologic map includes both new mapping, and in 

places, modifications or adjustments to the previous, smallerscale geologic maps (for example, Ham and others, 1954; 

Johnson, 1990). The Fittstown quadrangle and much of the 

surrounding region, is one of dominantly subdued topography 

and relatively thick vegetation that includes trees, bushes, 

and grasses. Rock exposures are limited throughout much of 

the map area and in many areas only float or rubble eroded 

from near-surface bedrock are present. Throughout much of 

the quadrangle, however, Quaternary deposits are lacking, 

soil development is very thin, and the graded surface of many 

unpaved roads exposes weathered bedrock (fig. 3).

All land within and adjacent to the Fittstown quadrangle 

is privately owned and nearly all variably sized land parcels 

are fenced, limiting mapping access without permissions. 

Public roads between fenced land parcels transect much of the 

quadrangle and provide minimal access to most parts of the 

map area. In areas of poor access, particularly in the southern 

part of the quadrangle, we relied on the previous geologic 

maps and aerial photography.

Figure 2. A, Relatively flat, highland landscape that characterizes all 

but the northeastern part of the map area. View is looking east from 

near the western border of the map area. B, Small hills and valleys in 

northeastern part of map area, which characterize the northeastern 

flank of the highland shown in A. View is looking north-northeast from 

the highland. Over the horizon, the northeast flank descends abruptly 

into the lowland that characterizes the Franks graben area and 

northeast corner of the map area.

A

B
Geologic Setting 3

Geologic Setting

The geologic evolution of the map area and the Arbuckle 

Mountain region can be characterized by four phases that include 

(1) a rifting phase during Early and Middle Cambrian time, 

which was marked by the development of marginal faults and 

igneous activity; (2) a deposition and subsidence phase during 

Late Cambrian through Middle Mississippian time, when a thick 

sequence of shallow marine sediments accumulated along the 

continental margin, and a much thicker sequence of basin deposits accumulated in the subsiding basin; (3) an uplift and deformation phase during Pennsylvanian time, marked by intense folding 

and faulting; and (4) a phase of major erosion, which in combination with post-Pennsylvanian tilting and very minor faulting, 

resulted in southeast-trending streams and peneplanation of the 

Arbuckle Mountains (Christenson and others, 2011).

Stratigraphy

The Arbuckle Mountains consist of folded and faulted 

Precambrian and Cambrian igneous rocks and Paleozoic 

sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Cambrian through 

Late Pennsylvanian. These older deformed rocks are concealed along the east, north, and west flanks of the Arbuckle 

Mountains by flat to gently dipping Upper Pennsylvanian and 

Permian strata and concealed along the south flank by flat to 

gently dipping Lower Cretaceous rocks (fig. 4).

During the Cambrian, continental rifting occurred in 

the Ouachita orogenic belt in southern Oklahoma and during 

Late Cambrian through Middle Mississippian time thick successions of limestone and dolomite, along with some shale 

and sandstone, accumulated in the rift basin. During Late 

Mississippian and Pennsylvanian time, continental collision 

on the eastern and southern U.S. margins with Africa and 

South America, respectively, created the ancestral Arbuckle 

and Ouachita Mountains (fig. 1).

The rock units in the map area are all Paleozoic in age, 

with the exception of thin Quaternary alluvial and colluvial 

deposits exposed along the rivers and streams. Much of 

the map area is directly underlain by the upper part of the 

Arbuckle Group consisting of the Kindblade and overlying 

West Spring Creek Formations (figs. 4 and 5A, B). These 

Lower Ordovician rocks are the oldest Paleozoic rocks 

exposed in the quadrangle and are principally composed of 

dolomite; their extensive exposure in the Fittstown quadrangle represents part of the core of the Hunton anticline 

(fig. 4). Paleozoic rock units younger than the Arbuckle 

Group are exposed in the northeastern and southeastern parts 

of the quadrangle. Exposures of these younger Paleozoic 

units (Middle Ordovician to Pennsylvanian in age) form the 

moderately steep dipping northeastern flank of the Hunton 

anticline (northeast part of map area) and the gently southeastplunging nose of this anticline (southeastern corner of map 

area). Along this flank and the nose of the anticline, limestone, 

sandstone, and shale of the Middle Ordovician Simpson Group 

directly overlie older, upper Arbuckle Group units (fig. 6A, 

B). In the northeastern part of the quadrangle and elsewhere in 

the Arbuckle Mountains, the Simpson Group is overlain by a 

sequence of Middle Ordovician to Pennsylvanian formations 

consisting of varying amounts of limestone, shale, marl, and 

minor sandstone.

Rock units older than those exposed in the Fittstown 

quadrangle are exposed south of the map area (fig. 4). These 

older units include the middle and lower parts of the Arbuckle 

Group and relatively thin exposures of the Cambrian-age 

Timbered Hills Group (Reagan Sandstone and overlying Honey 

Creek Formation) that unconformably overlie Proterozoic-age 

granitic basement rocks (fig. 4). The Timbered Hills Group and 

the overlying Arbuckle and Simpson Groups form the hydrostratigraphic units of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer (Faith and 

others, 2010), which is largely a carbonate aquifer that underlies 

much of the map area, and most of the central to eastern parts of 

the Arbuckle Mountain region (fig. 7A, B).

Regional Structure

The principal structural features in the Arbuckle 

Mountains are northwest-southeast oriented faults and folds 

(fig. 4). These major faults and folds are Pennsylvanian in age 

and formed from orogenic events along the southern margin of 

North America (Ham, 1973; Cardott and Chaplin, 1993). The 

most widely accepted interpretation of these structures is that 

the northwest-southeast trending folds developed from secondary northeast-southwest directed compression (transpression) related to primary left-lateral strike-slip along the major 

northwest-southeast striking faults (Tanner, 1963; Wickham, 

1978; Marshak and others, 2003). Alternative interpretations 

indicate these structures formed primarily from northeastsouthwest directed compression associated with reverse 

offsets along the major northwest-southeast striking faults 

(for example, Brown, 1984; Naruk, 1994).

Figure 3. Typical road exposure of West Spring Creek Formation 

in northeast part of map area. In many localities, road grading 

exposes bedrock in road surfaces reflecting the shallow 

depth to bedrock and corresponding lack of surficial materials 

characteristic of much of the map area.
4 Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

Figure 4. Generalized geologic sketch map and cross section of the northeastern Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, including outline 

of the Fittstown 7.5’ quadrangle map area (in red). Modified from Christenson and others (their fig. 7, 2011) with geology based on 

Cederstrand (1996).

97°00' 96°50' 96°40' 96°30'

34°40'

34°30'

34°20'

Lawrence uplift

Hunton

anticline

Tishomingo 

anticline

Belton

anticline

Sulphur syncline

FRANKS

FAULT

SULPHUR

FAULT

ZONE

STONEWALL

FAULT

FAULT

FAULT

FAULT

FAULT

FAULT

FAULT

COAL

CREEK

CLARITA

BROMIDE

MILL

CREEK

WASHITA

VALLEY

ZONE

REAGAN

Clarita anticline

Wapanucka syncline

Mill Creek syncline

Franks

graben

A ́

A Fittstown

quadrangle

Fittstown

Clarita

Sulphur

Roff

Lawrence

Bromide

Pontotoc

Connerville

Mill Creek

Wapanucka

ZONE

177

377

OKLAHOMA

Figure area

FEET

SEA LEVEL

–1,000

–5,000

Hunton

Franks 

fault zone

Franks

A anticline graben A ́

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X5

FEET

SEA LEVEL

–1,000

–5,000

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data Geology modified from Cederstrand, 1996 0 2 4 6 8 10 MILES

0 42 6 8 10 KILOMETERS

Cretaceous units A A ́

EXPLANATION

Permian and Pennsylvanian units

Mississippian-Middle Ordovician units

Simpson Group (Middle Ordovician)

Arbuckle and Timbered Hills Group

 (Lower Ordovician-Cambrian)

Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rock

Contact

Fault

Line of section

Quadrangle boundary

Relative fault motion

Roads
Geologic Setting 5

Figure 7. A, Solution cavity in the undifferentiated map unit consisting of the Bromide and McLish Formations (Obm) about 1 mi east of 

southern part of eastern map border. Surface opening of cavity is about 5–6 m in diameter. B, Solution cavities (vugs) in basal sandstone 

member of Oil Creek Formation (Simpson Group) about 1 mi east of south-central part of eastern map border. Rectangular, gray camera 

case between the two largest cavities is about 10 cm in length.

A B

Figure 5. A, Greenish-gray, fine-grained to micritic dolomite of the West Spring Creek Formation showing laminations that are common 

in this rock unit. B, Light-tan to pale-green, tabular, thin bedded and laminated dolomite of the West Spring Creek Formation (Arbuckle 

Group) about 1.5 mi east of south-central part of eastern map border.

A B

Figure 6. A, “Birdseye” limestone of the McLish Formation (Simpson Group) showing irregular flecks and masses of clear calcite in 

white to light-gray micritic limestone. B, Blocky-bedded “birdseye” limestone in quarry wall near central part of eastern map border.

A B
6 Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

Structural Features in the Fittstown Quadrangle

As in other parts of the Arbuckle Mountains, the principal structural features in the Fittstown quadrangle area are 

northwest-southeast oriented folds and faults. The Fittstown 

quadrangle includes parts of the northwest-southeast oriented 

Hunton anticline and the Franks fault zone that coincides with 

the northeastern flank of the Hunton anticline (map sheet and 

fig. 4). The map area also includes other northwest-southeast 

striking faults and some northeast-southwest and northerly 

striking faults that may be subsidiary to the more prominent 

northwest-southeast striking faults. The northeastern corner 

of the map area includes a small part of the Franks graben 

whose southwestern margin appears to be controlled by the 

northeastern flank of the Hunton anticline and the Franks fault 

zone (fig. 4). Cross section A‒A′ (fig. 4) transects the Fittstown 

quadrangle and the larger region of the northeastern Arbuckle 

Mountains; it provides a regional view of major structures in 

the map area.

As illustrated in cross section A‒A′ (fig. 4), the Hunton 

anticline is a very broad, asymmetric anticline that has a subhorizontal core, a very gently dipping southwestern limb, and 

a moderately steep dipping northeastern limb. In cross section 

view, the more steeply dipping northeastern limb and the 

subhorizontal to gentle dips of the remainder of this fold give 

it more the appearance of a monocline rather than an anticline 

(cross section A‒A′, fig. 4). The orientations of bedding appear 

somewhat chaotic in the part of the Hunton anticline core 

within the map area, but they are mostly consistent in having 

horizontal to gentle dips (commonly <15°, see map sheet). 

The core of the Hunton anticline is faulted and fractured and 

includes numerous small faults that were not mapped (fig. 8). 

Faults and perhaps unidentified folds in this poorly exposed 

region may be responsible for the apparent chaotic bedding 

orientations. The chaotic bedding orientations also make 

the location of the Hunton anticline axis obscure; regional 

relations shown in the sketch map (fig. 4) suggest that the axis 

might be inferred to cross the southwest corner of the map 

area, but such an inference is not depicted on the map.

Steeply dipping, northwest-southeast striking faults of the 

Franks fault zone cut and offset the moderately steep dipping 

rock units of the northeastern limb of the Hunton anticline. 

Other northwest-southeast striking faults as well as some 

northeast-southwest and northerly striking faults cut and offset 

rocks west of the Franks fault zone in the core of the Hunton 

anticline. Faults in the map area and elsewhere in the Arbuckle 

Mountains are generally poorly exposed and poorly expressed 

in the topography; however, apparent offsets of rock units 

across northwest-southeast striking faults, including the Franks 

fault zone, suggest mostly down to the northeast displacement. 

The Franks fault zone contains a northeast-trending syncline 

that disrupts the overall northeast dip of beds in the northeastern limb of the Hunton anticline (see map sheet). The syncline 

is bound between two prominent northwest-southeast striking 

faults and suggests a possible component of lateral slip along 

these faults. The curvature of contacts in other faults blocks of 

this zone, as is shown on the map, might suggest the presence 

of other synclinal and perhaps anticlinal features, but these are 

too speculative to depict on the map. The northeast-southwest 

and northerly striking faults commonly terminate against, and 

appear subsidiary to, the northwest-southeast striking faults.

The northeastern corner of the map area includes a small 

part of the Franks graben that is underlain by Middle and 

Upper Pennsylvanian units, the youngest rocks exposed in 

the map area (fig. 9). The Franks graben is topographically 

expressed as lowlands relative to adjacent highlands that 

border it to the southwest. In the map area, both the northeastern flank of the Hunton anticline and the Franks fault zone 

appear to collectively form and mark the southwestern margin 

of the graben (map sheet and fig. 4). Northeast of the map 

area, the Franks graben lacks distinct topographic expression and the northeasterly striking Stonewall fault separates 

the Lawrence uplift consisting of older rocks from younger 

Figure 8. Highly fractured West Spring Creek Formation along 

quarry wall in east-central part of map area. Fractured zones 

appear to be associated with the mapped faults and with small, 

unmapped faults.

Figure 9. Limestone conglomerate that is common in Desmoinesian

rocks in the northeast part of the map area.
Acknowledgments 7

rocks in the graben south of the uplift (fig. 4). Just north of the 

map area, the Stonewall fault intersects and terminates at the 

Franks fault zone. The Stonewall fault and the Franks fault 

zone define northern and southwestern border faults of the 

graben, respectively. Eastern and southern borders or bordering faults of the graben, are either obscure or do not exist 

(fig. 4). The Franks fault zone and Stonewall fault cut Middle 

and Late Pennsylvanian rock units in the map area and nearby. 

North of the map area, however, the Franks fault zone terminates and appears to be covered by relatively younger Upper 

Pennsylvanian rock units (Ham and others, 1954). These relations suggest that these graben-border faults and the graben 

are Late Pennsylvanian in age and perhaps formed during 

latter stages of the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian orogenic events 

that deformed and uplifted this region.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank numerous landowners in Pontotoc 

and Johnston Counties that graciously granted permission to 

access their land. Ric Page (USGS) and Marieke Dechesne 

(USGS) provided thorough and helpful technical reviews. 

Paco Van Sistine (USGS) provided the review of the metadata and helped revise and standardize the Geographic 

Information System digital data for the geologic map. The 

digital topographic base was prepared by Theodore R. Brandt. 

Julie Herrick (USGS) was responsible for the geologic names 

review, final editing and layout of the map sheet and pamphlet, 

and for many aspects of the final figures shown in the pamphlet and on the map sheet.
8 Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

Description of Map Units

Stratigraphic nomenclature and descriptions of the Paleozoic rocks exposed in the map area are from Morgan (1924), 

Ham and others (1954), Ham (1973), Hart (1974), Fay (1989), Johnson (1990), Blome and others (2013), the USGS National 

Geologic Map Database GEOLEX (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/geolex.html), and the authors’ field observations from 2009 

through 2011. The map unit descriptions below include the general lithologies, thickness, fossil groups, and their provincial 

series according to the guidelines of the U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Names Committee (2009, 2010). Geologic provincial 

series names used are from the geologic time scale of Gradstein and others (2004) and Walker and Geissman (2009).

Quaternary Stratigraphy

Qac Alluvium and colluvium, undifferentiated (Quaternary)—Unconsolidated sand, silt, clay, and gravel along 

rivers and streams that are inundated regularly; includes some terrace deposits and small alluvial fan and 

colluvial deposits along the flanks of major valleys. Locally includes small exposures of underlying bedrock. 

Thickness varies; ranges from about 3 to 15 ft (1 to 5 m)

Paleozoic Stratigraphy

*m Missourian Series formations, undifferentiated (Upper Pennsylvanian, Missourian)—Typical lithologies 

include fine- to coarse-grained light-brown, sandstone; gray to bluish-gray shale; chert conglomerate; limestone 

conglomerate; and sparse, thin beds of white to light-gray limestone. Exposed in northeastern part of map area, 

along the north-eastern limb of the Hunton anticline. Only the lowermost formations of the Missourian Series 

are preserved in map area, the Francis Formation and the Seminole Formation (Ham, 1954; Hart, 1974); these 

units are poorly exposed and mapped as a single undifferentiated map unit (*m) in the Fittstown quadrangle. 

Fossils include crinoids, endothyrids, bryozoans, brachiopods, and mollusks. Missourian Series formations are 

the youngest Paleozoic rocks exposed in map area and they disconformably overlie Desmoinesian Series formations described below. Maximum thickness of about 2,800 ft (853 m) in areas nearby, but only about 200 ft 

(60 m) of lower part of the Missourian Series is preserved in the quadrangle

*dm Desmoinesian Series formations, undifferentiated (Middle Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian)—Typical lithologies include fine- to coarse-grained, gray and light-brown sandstone; bluish-gray and brown shale; limestone 

conglomerate; chert conglomerate; and sparse, thin beds of fossiliferous, light-gray to white limestone (fig. 9). 

Exposed in the northeastern part of map area, along the northeastern limb of the Hunton anticline. In the 

Fittstown quadrangle, the Desmoinesian Series map unit comprises five formations including (from top to 

base) the Holdenville, Wewoka, Boggy, Savanna, and McAlester Formations (Ham, 1954; Hart, 1974). These 

Desmoinesian Series formations contain similar lithologies, are uniformly poorly exposed, and were mapped 

as a single undifferentiated map unit in the quadrangle. Fossils include crinoids, endothyrids, brachiopods, 

and mollusks. Unconformably overlies the Springer Group (*Ms), Caney Shale (Mc), and undifferentiated 

Mississippian-Devonian rock units (MDsw) near the eastern border of the map area. Maximum thickness of 

more than 6,000 ft (1,830 m) in nearby areas, but only about 3,000 ft (915 m) thick in the map area

*Ms Springer Group (Lower Pennsylvanian to Upper Mississippian, Morrowan to Chesterian)—Dark-gray to 

bluish-gray, fissile shale and thin beds and lenses of sandstone and limestone. Contains ferruginous carbonate 

concretions. Sandstone beds more abundant in upper part. Includes Goddard Shale and includes Union Valley 

Sandstone and equivalents at its base. Overlies Caney Shale (Mc) near eastern border of map area. Springer 

Group is best exposed in the Criner Hills of Carter County, Okla., southwest of the map area near and 

southwest of Ardmore, Okla. Fossils include various species of brachiopods, bryozoans, and bivalves. Top is 

truncated by gentle, angular unconformity at base of overlying Desmoinesian Series unit (*dm); maximum 

thickness about 350 ft (107 m) in map area
Description of Map Units 9

Mc Caney Shale (Upper to Middle Mississippian, Chesterian to Meramecian)—Dark-gray to black, laminated, 

fissile and friable shale containing septarian and phosphatic concretions. Because the shale is friable, individual outcrops are rarely observed; usually expressed as lush, grassy fields and slopes. Concretions vary 

in size, up to 3 ft (1 m) or more in diameter. Fossils include conodonts, pelecypods, gastropods, ostracodes, 

goniatites, and cephalopods. Overlies Welden Limestone (upper part of MDw) near eastern border of map 

area. Top is truncated by gentle, angular unconformity at base of overlying Desmoinesian Series unit (*dm); 

maximum thickness about 350 ft (107 m) in map area

MDw Welden Limestone and Woodford Shale, undifferentiated (Lower Mississippian, Kinderhookian to 

Devonian)—Undifferentiated map unit that includes the very thin Welden Limestone and the much thicker 

underlying Woodford Shale. Southwest of map area, in the central and southern Arbuckle Mountains, Sycamore 

Limestone (Lower Mississippian) overlies the Welden Limestone. However, Sycamore Limestone is absent in 

the map area and throughout most of Hunton anticline region (northeastern Arbuckle Mountains) as a result of 

an unconformity at the base of the Caney Shale (Ham, 1973). This undifferentiated map unit (MDw) is exposed 

in northeastern part of map area where basal beds of Woodford Shale overlie limestone and marlstone of the 

Hunton Group. The Welden Limestone and Woodford Shale are described separately below

Welden Limestone (Lower Mississippian, Kinderhookian)—Consists of light-gray to bluish-gray, crystalline, argillaceous, fossiliferous limestone, which weathers to a yellow or orange color; commonly sandy near 

base. This thin limestone contains scattered phosphate nodules similar to those in upper part of the Woodford 

Shale. Thickness ranges from 0 to 5 ft (0 to 2 m); average thickness 2 ft (0.7 m)

Woodford Shale (Lower Mississippian, Kinderhookian to Upper Devonian)—Light- to dark-gray, fissile 

shale, siliceous shale, bedded chert, and black, fissile bituminous shale. Locally, siliceous shale and bedded 

chert make up most of formation. Chert and phosphatic concretions occur in upper part of unit. Thickness 

varies from 200 to 550 ft (61 to 168 m); increases in thickness to the south in Arbuckle Mountains. Total 

thickness estimated to be about 250–300 ft (76‒91 m) in map area

DSOh Hunton Group, undifferentiated (Lower Devonian to Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian)—Undifferentiated 

map unit consisting mostly of limestone, marlstone, and shale. At the base of the unit are white, silicified, 

oolitic limestone beds. Above the oolitic limestone are blueish- and beige-colored limestone and marlstone. 

Middle part of unit is predominantly yellow- to tan-weathering shale and mudstone with thin marlstone interbeds. Upper 50 ft (15 m) of unit contains thin-bedded, fossiliferous marlstone and white or light-gray, granular to crystalline limestone. Some marlstone is composed mainly of shell fragments, and chert beds and nodules are common near top of Hunton Group. Total thickness of the Hunton Group varies greatly throughout 

the Arbuckle Mountains and ranges from about 100 ft (30 m) to as much as 600 ft (183 m). In the Fittstown 

quadrangle, the Hunton Group is estimated to be 275–300 ft (84‒91 m) in total thickness. Where exposed 

in the east-central part of the map area, the basal oolitic limestone overlies Sylvan Shale; where exposed 

in the north-central part of the map area, this undifferentiated unit is everywhere bounded by faults along 

the northeastern flank of the Hunton anticline. This undifferentiated map unit (Hunton Group) includes as 

many as seven, thin (locally absent) formations that consist predominantly of varying amounts of limestone, 

marlstone, and interbedded shale. In descending stratigraphic order, these seven formations are: the Frisco, 

Bois d’Arc, Haragan, Henryhouse, Clarita, Cochrane, and Keel Formations (Johnson, 1990). Throughout the 

map area and regions nearby, poor exposures and the thin character of these formations require that they be 

mapped combined as a single undifferentiated unit

Osv Sylvan Shale and Viola Group, undifferentiated (Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian)—Undifferentiated map 

unit that has shaley upper part (Sylvan Shale) and thicker, limestone-rich lower part (Viola Group). Basal 

limestone of the Viola Group overlies limestone and interbedded shale of the upper Simpson Group (Obm) 

in the east-central and northeastern parts of the map area. Throughout the map area and regions nearby, poor 

exposures require that the Sylvan Shale and Viola Group be mapped combined as a single undifferentiated 

unit. Total thickness of this undifferentiated map unit is as much as 1,000 ft (305 m) in the Arbuckle 

Mountain region and is estimated to be about 650 ft (190 m) in map area. The Sylvan Shale and Viola Group 

are described separately below
10 Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

Sylvan Shale—Principally poorly exposed, green to gray or tan, fissile, calcareous and dolomitic shale. Commonly forms swales or subtle rolling hills between resistant underlying and overlying limestone units; locally 

is silty or siliceous; contains graptolites and chitinozoans (Decker, 1936). Thickness ranges from 50 to 325 ft 

(15 to 99 m) in the Arbuckle Mountains region and is estimated to be about 100 ft (30 m) thick in map area

Viola Group—Composed of limestones of the Welling and Viola Springs Formations (Ham and others, 1954). 

Welling Formation is gray, coarse-grained, fossiliferous limestone. The Viola Springs Formation is white 

to bluish-gray, fine- to medium-grained, locally very fossiliferous limestone with thin interbeds of green to 

gray, fissile shale; limestone locally contains chert nodules in lower and middle parts. Thickness ranges from 

about 350 to 900 ft (107 to 168 m) in the Arbuckle Mountains region and is estimated to be about 550 ft 

(168 m) thick in map area

Simpson Group (Middle Ordovician)—Composed mainly of sandstone and fossiliferous limestone with interbedded shale and marlstone. Pale-brown to white sandstone beds occur throughout the Simpson Group and 

thicker sandstone units, ranging up to about 400 ft (122 m) thick, typically form basal units of individual 

Simpson Group formations. In the map area, the Oil Creek Formation has the thickest basal sandstone unit 

and it is about 200 ft (61 m) thick. Thin to thick beds of pale-gray to white limestone and dolomitic limestone and yellowish-weathering marlstone are commonly interbedded with thin pale- green, marly shale 

layers. Simpson Group includes as many as five formations, which include (from top to base) the Bromide, 

Tulip Creek, McLish, Oil Creek, and Joins Formations (Decker and Merritt, 1931). The Tulip Creek and 

Joins Formations are not present in Fittstown quadrangle or elsewhere in the Hunton anticline region. In the 

Fittstown quadrangle, the Bromide and McLish Formations are combined (map unit Obm) and the Oil Creek 

Formation (Oo) is mapped separately. Basal Simpson Group strata of the Oil Creek Formation (Oo) overlie 

upper Arbuckle Group strata in the north-central and southeastern parts of the map area, and the Simpson 

Group is exposed in several fault blocks in the northeastern part of the map area. Regionally, the Simpson 

Group ranges in thickness from 1,000 to 2,300 ft (305 to 700 m) and is estimated to be about 1,150‒1,250 ft 

(350‒380 m) thick in map area

Obm Bromide and McLish Formations, undifferentiated—Primarily thin to thick beds of alternating sandstone, 

shale, and limestone. These two formations and the intervening Tulip Creek Formation (absent in map area) 

compose the upper part of the Simpson Group that ranges regionally in thickness from about 750 to 1,400 ft 

(229 to 427 m). In the map area, the total combined thickness of the Bromide and McLish Formations 

(Obm) is estimated to be about 700‒750 ft (213‒229 m). The Bromide and McLish Formation are described 

separately below

Bromide Formation—Upper part of the undifferentiated Obm map unit. Mostly interbedded limestone and 

shale with basal quartzose sandstone. Limestone buff-colored, shale grayish-green, and sandstone brown to 

white. Limestone is commonly fossiliferous with brachiopods and ostracodes. Limestone and minor dolomite 

in the upper part of the unit are informally called the “upper Bromide limestone.” Cooper (1956, p. 120‒121) 

divided the Bromide Formation into two members, the Mountain Lake Member (lower) and the Poolville 

Member (upper). Thickness of the formation varies, from 315 ft (96 m) to over 600 ft (183 m), and is estimated to be about 350 ft (107 m) thick in map area The basal sandstone unit can vary greatly in thickness, 

from about 50 (15 m) to 300 ft (91 m) thick; its average thickness in map area is estimated to be about 100 ft 

(31 m)

McLish Formation—Lower part of the undifferentiated Obm map unit. Mostly interbedded limestone and 

shale above a quartzose sandstone at the base of the unit; the basal sandstone thins from east to west in the 

Arbuckle Mountains. Some of the limestone is dense with small blebs of calcite and it is informally termed 

“birdseye” limestone (fig. 6A and B). The basal sandstone overlies limestone of the underlying Oil Creek 

Formation (Oo) in the map area. Maximum thickness is 450 ft (137 m) in the eastern parts of the Arbuckle 

Mountains and 400‒500 ft (122‒152 m) thick along the U.S. I–35 corridor (Fay, 1989); estimated to be about 

350‒400 ft (107‒122 m) thick in the map area

Oo Oil Creek Formation—Lower part and basal formation of Simpson Group in map area and adjacent areas 

of Hunton anticline region. Mostly gray to tan, granular limestone, greenish-gray shale, and pale-brown to 

white, fine- to medium-grained sandstone. Characteristically consists of basal sandstone overlain by limestone and shale. Upper part of unit contains some calcite-cemented sandstone. Although locally absent in 

parts of the Arbuckle Mountains, the basal Oil Creek sandstone is commonly the thickest sandstone (up 

to 400 ft or 122 m thick) in the Simpson Group and is locally petroliferous (tar sand was mined in some 

localities in the Arbuckle Mountains) and, in places, is argillaceous or calcareous. The basal sandstone is 
Description of Map Units 11

estimated to be about 200 ft (61 m) thick in the map area. The Oil Creek Formation is estimated to be about 

450‒500 ft (137‒152 m) thick in the north-central part of the map area where the entire formation is exposed 

underlying the undifferentiated, upper Simpson Group unit (Obm) and overlying the West Spring Creek 

Formation (Ow) of the Arbuckle Group. The Oil Creek Formation is also exposed in fault blocks in the 

northeastern part of the map area

Arbuckle Group, upper part (Lower Ordovician)—The Arbuckle Group (Lower Orodovician-Upper 

Cambrian) includes up to 6,700 ft (2,042 m) of thin- to massive-bedded limestone and dolomite, with some 

sandstone and shale, locally subdivided into eight formations (Fay, 1989), including (from top to base) the 

West Spring Creek, Kindblade, Cool Creek, and McKenzie Hill Formations, Butterly Dolomite, Signal 

Mountain Formation, Royer Dolomite, and Fort Sill Limestone. Only the West Spring Creek and Kindblade 

Formations, which compose the upper part of the Arbuckle Group, are exposed in the map area and are 

described separately below

Ow West Spring Creek Formation (Lower Ordovician)—Pale-green to tan, fine-grained, thin-bedded and 

laminated dolomite, some pale-gray to green shale, and sparse sandstone beds near top of formation (fig. 

5A and B). Isolated, well-rounded sand grains are relatively common in dolomite, particularly in upper 

part of formation. Unit is 1,515 ft (462 m) thick along the U.S. I–35 corridor (Fay, 1989) in southwestern 

Arbuckle Mountains and is estimated to be a minimum of about 1,000 ft (305 m) thick in map area. Overlies 

Kindblade Formation in southwestern part of map area; similar appearance and lithologies of West Spring 

Creek and Kindblade make contact difficult to discern

Ok Kindblade Formation (Lower Ordovician)—Predominantly pale-green to tan, fine-grained, thick-bedded 

dolomite and minor pale-gray to -green shale. Unit is very similar in appearance and lithology to the West 

Spring Creek Formation (Ow). The Kindblade is typically thick-bedded and lacks laminations, whereas the 

West Spring Creek is typically thin-bedded and laminated. Unit is 1,410 ft (430 m) thick along the U.S. I–35 

corridor (Fay, 1989) in the southwestern Arbuckle Mountains and generally thins to the north and east. The 

base of the Kindblade Formation is not exposed in the map area; minimum exposed thickness in map area is 

estimated to be about 800 ft (244 m)
12 Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma

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Lidke and Blome—Geologic Map of the Fittstown 7.5’ Quadrangle, Pontotoc and Johnston Counties, Oklahoma—Scientific Investigations Map 3371

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https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3371